^.
IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)
%//
4
^ A
^:<i(
#
:/.
4^0
z
r^
^
1.0
I.I
11.25
^i 12.5
lis
ut lii i2.2
■u
1^ 110
Hiotographic
Sciences
CorporatioR
23 WiST MAIN STREET
WEBUTER.N.Y. 145*0
(716) 872-4503
4t^
:>
V
CIHM/ICMH
Microfiche
Series.
OHM/ICMH
Collection de
microfiches.
Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions / Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiquss
■.:siiS- S-,.,.l
■p
Technical and Bibliographic Notes/Notes t^chniquaa at bibliographiquaa
The Institute has attempted to obtain the best
original copy available for filming. Features of this
copy which may be bibliographicaliy unique,
which may alter any of the images in the
reproduction, or which may significantly change
the usual method of filming, are checlced below.
L'Institut a microfilm* ie meilleur exemplaire
qu'il lui a AtA possible de oe procurer. Les details
de cet exemplaire qui sont oeut-Atre uniques du
point de vue bibiiographique, qui peuvent modifier
une imape reproduite, ou qui peuvent exiger una
modification dans la mAthode normale de filmage
sont indiquAs ci-dessous.
G
Coloured covers/
Couverture de couleur
I I Covers damaged/
D
D
D
D
D
/
Couverture endommagie
Covers restored and/or laminated/
Couverture restaurte et/ou pellicul6e
I I Cover title missing/
Le titre de couverture manque
|~n Coloured maps/
Cartes g6ographiques en couleur
Coiourec^ init (i.e. other than blue or biacic)/
Encre da couleur (i.e. autre que blei^e ou noire)
I I Coloured plates and/or illustrations/
Planches et/ou illustrations en couleur
Bound with other material/
Reli6 avec d'autres documents
Tight binding may cause shadows or distortion
along interior margin/
La re liure serr§e peut causer de I'ombre ou de la
distortion la long de la marge IntArieure
Blanit leaves added during restoration may
appear within the text. Whenever possible, these
have been omitted from filming/
II se peut que certaines pages blanches ajout^es
tors d'une restauration apparaissent dans le texte,
mais, lorsque cela dtait possible, ces pages n'ont
pas 6t6 fiimies.
Additional comments:/
Commentaires suppl6mentaires:
Cover date is 1896.
D
D
D
D
D
n
Coloured pages/
Papas de couleur
Pages damaged/
Pages endommag^es
Pages restored and/or laminated/
Pages restaurtes et/ou peilicui^es
Pages discoloured, stained ar foxed/
Pages d^colortes, tachetAes ou piqu^es
Pages detached/
Pages ditachtes
Sho'wthrough/
Transparence
Quality of print varies/
Qualiti in^gaie de I'impression
Includes supplementary materia!/
Comprend du materiel supplimentaire
Only edition available/
Seule Edition disponible
Pages wholly or partially obscured by errata
slips, tissues, etc., have been ref limed to
ensure the best possible image/
Les pages totalement ou partiellement
obscu<;cies par un feuillet d'errata, une pelure,
etc., 3nt 6t6 filmdee A nouveau de fagon d
obtenir la meilleure image possible.
This item is filmed at the reduction ratio checked below/
Ce document est film6 au taux de rMuction indiquA ci-dessous
10X 14X 18X 22X
26X
XX
J
12X
16X
•
20X
, ,
24X
.;...i„.C:,
,.:^' .
28X
32X
f^m
The copy filmtd h«r« has b—n raproducad thanks
to the ganai'oaity of:
Ntw Brumwiek MuMum
Saint John
L'oxamplaira film* fut raproduit gri&i k la
gtnArotitA da:
Ntw Bruntwick IMuMum
Saint John
The imagas appearing hara ara tha bast quality
possibia considaring tha condition and laglbility
of tha original copy and in keeping with the
filming contract specifications.
Las images suivantes ont 4tA raproduites avac la
plus grand soin. compta tenu de ia condition at
de la nattet* de i'exempiaire film*, et en
conformity avac las conditions du contrat de
filmage.
Original copies In printed paper covers are filmed
beginr^ing with the front cover and ending on
the last page with a printed or illustrated impres-
sion, or the back cover when appropriate. All
other original copies are filmed beginning on the
first page with a printed or Illustrated impres-
sion, and ending on the last page with a printed
or illustrated impression.
Les exemplalres origlnaux dont ia couverture en
pepier est imprimte sont fiimis en commenpant
par la premier plat et en terminant soit par ia
darnlAre page qui comporte une empreinte
d'Impresslon ou d'lllustratlon, soit par la second
plat, salon la cas. Tous les autres exemplalres
origlnaux sont fiimis en commenpant par ia
premiers page qui comporte une empreinte
d'Impresslon ou d'illustration et en terminant par
la darnlAre page qui comporte une telle
empreinte.
The last recorded frame on each microfiche
shall contain the symbol — ^^ (meaning "CON-
TINUED"), or the symbol y (meaning "t-ND"},
Wiiichever applies.
Un des symbcles suivants apparaltra sur la
derniAre image de cheque microfiche, selon ie
cas: la symbols — ► signifie "A SUIVRE", Ie
symbole ▼ signifie "FIN".
Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at
different reduction ratios. Those too large to be
entirely included in one exposure are filmed
beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to
right and top to bottom, as many frames as
required. The following diagrams illustrate the
method:
Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent Atre
filmAs A des taux de reduction difftrents.
Lorsque Ie document est trop grsnd pour Atre
reproduit en un seul clich6, 11 est film6 A partir
de I'angle supArieur gauche, de gauche A droite,
et de haut en bas, en prenant Ie nombre
d'images nAcessalra. Les diagrammes suivants
iilustrent la mAthoda.
1
2
3
1
2
3
4
5
6
i4 ^ .f^T^
^'f%t .
« * ■ . i .M i t imi>mi$llt
Six Thousand Quotations from
Standard Histories and ^ogr^|i|iks
«'
%
4*'
01-A
'ii&
WttHWVWLtT THOUSAND CROSSJ^EFERENGES, AND A CTNERAL
hmm, ALSO AN INDEX OF PERSONAL NAMES j» i j» jl j» ^ ^ j* ^
*^IC
•'■*^.
«
COMPILED BV- 1^^
,,:<;t^:|*r
M. LITTLE
V,
•"■
'>*f'
tl-**^ -■
€ C. »Ji
i-'''-^:m$tJ-<::m
No.
/7 .
/ •
t'*?
1
\
The Choice of ''Just the Riglit Word "
To Make the Desired Meaning Clear and Exact-
To Make a Contrast Sharp and Strongf<
JD
THB ONLY BOOK OF IIS KIND.
English Synonyms, ^^ dt
Antonyms, and Prepositions
The Chief Synonyms of the English Lan-
guage» Numbering About 7,000» are Presented
With an Especial Nicety of Discrimination,
A Lar g e List of Antonyms is Also Given» To-
gether With Prepositions and Their Proper Use*
Edited by REV. JAMES C FERNALD,
Editor of Synonyms, Antonyms, and Prepositions Department of the "Standard Dictionary."
,^^^ ^_ . ^ ^L^,-— -^
I «
A Book Which Will Broaden the User^s Vocabulary.
Your Choice of Delicate Shades of Meaning
A Good Book of Synonyms is to the Writer
What tlie Palette is to the Painter. Such a
Book Comes to your Aid When in Doubt, or
at a Loss for Just the Right Word, and Gives
You a Variety of the Best to Choose from.
How to Draw the Best Contrast
In Comparison and Contrast, the Choice of
Many Opposite Words is often Essential to
the Strength, Clearness, and Beauty of the
Syntax. A Large List of Antonyms is tr us
Nearly as Necessary as One of Synoi a.
A Valuable and Original System of Arrangement
Taking one word in each group as the basis of comparison, Mr. Pernald
defines this clearly and then he proceeds to show how the other words agree
with or dili'er from it; thus the whole group is held to one fixed point.
iznio, Clotb, 564 pp. Price #1.50 net.
FUNK & WAGNALLS COMPANY, Publishers, 30 Lafayette Place, NEW YORK.
i
■ ,'
'^.^
^,
■^'****w^
l^Ts::
:"*':^.-.
>^,_l-' l-i«;..
^r;^!!^^
I,-' '. r-i "4^-nj-'
HISTORICAL LIGHTS.
"■«
i»
■^i.
f
'" ""\'s*'-''*mL
jV"^-^*'.--!
4-1
I'
;«;" y'^ -^
TWO VALUABLE REFERENCE BOOKS BY
THE AUTHOR OF "HISTORICAL LIGHTS."
Cyclopedia of Classified Dates.
A READY REFERENCE COMPENDIUM OF NOTABLl
EVENTS IN THE HISTORY OF ALL COUNTRIES,
FROM B.C. 5004 TO A.D. 1895. .:• .:•
The histories of about 130 countries are digested, and the events of ancient, modem,
and recent times, dated, and all geographically classifled, and both chronologically '
and topically arranged. The worlc is the result of several years of diligent labor and
research, and is the only volume in existence which furnishes an epitome of the
history of every country down to 1895.
The unique feature of this book is that by which quiclc reference is facilitated and
a general purview with the notable trend of history is observed ; namely, the classifica-
tion of the events of the civilized world under seven general topics, as Army and Navy,
Art, Science and Nature, Births and Deaths, Church, Letters, Society, and State ; and
these topics are always arranged on two opposite pages. All the dates relate to the
same years, or parts of years, and all the dates of the same period are brought together
before the eye at once— an arrangement by which a comparison of parallel events
in any department of history may be readily made, and the side-lighta of any event
examined and studied.
The student of Politics, Science, Religion, and Church History, Sociology, Art, Law,
Medicine, or of any of the Professions or Industries of civilization, or of the known
events of barbarous peoples, will here find abundant and accessible historical data.
Quarto, x,3oo pages. Cloth, Price $7.50.
Biblical Lights and Side Lights.
A CYCLOPEDIA OF TEN THOUSAND ILLUSTRATIONS
AND THIRTY THOUSAND CROSS-REFERENCES, CON-
SISTING OF FACT, INCIDENT, AND REMARKABLE
DECLARATIONS TAKEN FROM THE BIBLE. .:■
For the use of those in every profession who, for illustrative purposes, desire ready
access to the numerous incidents and striking statements contained in the Bible — students,
teachers, public speakers, lawyers, ministers, and others, as also for the family library.
" ' Biblical Lights and Side Lights ' Is a specially nseful t>ook. It ranks next to a Concordance.
. . . Mr. Little's work is a great success."— if«». C. H. Spurgeon.
" We have never seen a work on Bible reference so thoroughly systematized. . . . Admirably
arranged. TOPICS ARE TAKEN FROM THE DEMANDS OF RELIGION, PHILOSOPHY,
SCIENCE, ART, SOCIAL LIFE, AND POLITICS. . . . HAS GRFAT VALUE FOR EDUCATED
PERSONS IN EVERY CALLING. "-iVo<ion«rf BaptUU Philadelphia.
"Will unquestionably prove a mine of Information and of illustration."— 06»«r»«r, N. Y.
Royal 8vo, 620 pp. Price, Cloth, $4.00 ; Library Sheep, $5.00.
f
FUNK U VAGNALLS COMPANY, Publishers, 30 Lafayette Place, NEV YORK.
.;iAiiftftii:,Lr>vi;li:6tti-o;
l»,v
HISTORICAL LIGHTS
SIX THOUSAND QUOTATIONS
FROM
STANDARD HISTORIES AND BIOGRAPHIES,
WITH TWENTY THOUSAND CROSS-REFERENCES, AND A
GENERAL INDEX, ALSO AN INDEX OF
PERSONAL NAMES.
W
I ■
.1
\
TMXaM MXTBAOTB CONSIST VUIEFLY OF FACTS AND INCIDENTS. TUEY ARE DEBtONMO FOR
TEOBE WHO DESIRE READY ACCESS TO THE EVENTS, THE LESSONS AND TBS PREC-
EDENTS OF HISTORY, IN THE PREPARATION OF ADDRESSES, ESSAYS AND
SERMONS, ALSO IN PLEADING AT THE BAR, IN DISCUSSING
POLITICAL ISSUES, AND IN WRITING FOR THE PRESS.
COMPILED BY
Rev. CHARLES E. LITTLE,
Author of " Biblieal Lights and Side-Lighta.'
•* Bxamin« HUtory, for it ia Philosophy teaching by fSxperie '<*." — Carltlh.
FUNK & WAGNALLS COMPANY
Toronto LoRsoir
New York
r
r
Entwed, according to Act of ronj;ress. in the jcur 188fl, Iw
KUNK & \VA(iN.M.I>.
I& tlic Olllco of tlic Librarian of Couitress iit WasliiiiijtiMi, 1). 0.
P n E F A O E
\\
Historical itatcmontfl awaken in the avora«?e mind an interest which proven
the existence of a hidden element in them, that does not pertain to a more record of
facts. The niarveis of history, and its prosy facts as well, not oidy attest the oneness
of human nature and the unity of human experience, hut they also forecast a shadowy
premonition of coming events. 1'his tliought has found its graceful expression in
the words of a (Jernum writer, who says : " All history is an imprisoned epic — nay,
an imprisoned psalm and prophecy."
While historical statements address our curiosity for knowledge, they also
stimulate the imagination to give realistic coloring to the picture presented to the
mind. Hence it is that historical fields will ever prove chosen grounds for reference
L-nd illustration by those who address the public.
This volume is the outgrowth of certain lines of historical readings, originally
designed for the author's personal benefit, and to aid in the preparation of sermons
and addresses. After nearly twenty-five years of rejuling and brief indexing of
interesting facts and incidents, a mtvss of quotations has accumulated, and under
the natural law of selection this volume represents the "survival of the fittest."
It is not presumed that the field of selection is exhausted, or that omissions ha'^o
not been made of numerous interesting statements. Many lengthy selections have
been excluded by the plan of the book, which permits only brief extracts. It is
merely claimed that a largo class of historical facts and fancies which have aided
the compiler in his work are in this ready reference form offered by the j)ublishei8
to others who may value historical allusions and quotations in addressing the public
either by the pen or the voice. This collection is both religious and secular in its
character, and the quotations are especially fitting the needs of preachers, pleaders
in court, political speakers, essayists in schools, and writers for tno press.
It is also claimed that the topical arrangement of these quotations, and the
extensive cross-reference index, and the index of personal names will greatly facilitate
their use by requiring only a brief search to find them, and making a previous rec-
ollection of the passages unnecessary. In this way they nuiy supply in a large
measure the lack of a ready memory to those who are unable to recall historical
facts and incidents, or have forgotten the volume in which they may be found.
They may be equally serviceable to those who have but little opportunity for
historical readings. These quotations are taken from standard historied and biogra-
phies, and chiefly relate to the early civilized races and the American and English
peoples. Those taken from the Iioly Scriptures have been published in a volume
by themselves, entitled ''Biblical Lights and Side Lights.*'
It has been the aim of the compder to present each quotation complete in itself,
so that it may not be necessary to examine the authority quoted ; yet each may bo
verified by the reader and the connections studied by following the reference which
concludes each article. The articles quote the exact words of the various authors,
except where otherwise expressed by brackets. The title, catchword and compiler's
addendum, in brackets, will usually so complete the meaning of the quotation
that it will not be necessary to make further examination of the historical connec-
tions. When more information is desired, it may frequently be found in the large
cyclopaedias by those who have not at hand the authorities to which reference is
made.
A list of authorities quoted in this volume may be found on another page.
' r
w
■•;!
East Orange, N. J., November 3, 1885.
Charles E. Little.
T^
INDEX OF AUTHORS.
ACTIIORS.
TITI-K8.
ABBOTT, JOim 8. 0.. Illatory of Napoleon Bonaparte.
ARNOLD. THOMAH Hannibal.
BAKKIt, MAMUBL W In tli« Heart of Africa.
BANOKOFT, OKO llUtory wl' the United Htatea., flrcli.
BLAINK, JAMR8 O Twrnty Vvars of CongreM. Vol. I.
BOSWRLL. JAMK8 Life of ■amut.l Jolineon, U.D.
HUNSKN . martin Luthrr.
CAHI.YLK, TUOMAS Robert Hurna.
" ** HIatory of the French Revolution. 4 vota.
* " Frederick the »reat. 4 vuln.
•' " Ooethe.
OrtKAST Firteen Declalve Battle* of the W^orld.
CtTSTIS, QBO. W. P Recollection* and Private Rlemolni af
Wa*hlnutou. 'i\oU.
DOWDEN, PHOP Sonthcy.
FAHUAIl, CANON Barly Day* of OhrUtlanltr.
KOKBKS, AHCilIUALD Chlneee Mordon.
FROl DK, JAMK8 ANTHONY Cw«ar.
" ' " John Bunyan.
GIBBON. ROWARD The Decline and Fall of the BcMsa
Empire. voU.
GREBN, J. R Larser History of the BnslUh People.
KOWI,ER, THOMAS Locke.
HEADLEY, J. T Llle and Travel* of Oen'>ral Grant.
HOOD, PAXTON lilfe 0/ from well.
HUTTON, R.H Sir Walter >»cott.
IRVING, WASHINGTON Life of ChrUtopher Columbu*. 4to1s.
" liire of Ooldamlth.
KNIGHT, CHAKLBS The Popular Hlatory of Enffland. BTola.
LAMARTINB, ALPH0N8B DB Oliver Cromwell.
" " Mary <|ueen of SeoUi.
" " Turkey.
LESTER, EDWARDS C Life of Peter Cooper.
" " " lilfe of Sam Houston.
MAOAULAY, THOMAS BABINGTON HUtory of Buffland. S vote.
" " " Life of Frederick the Great.
" " " IVIUlam Pitt.
" " •' Illllton.
MICHBLET, JULES Joan of Arc.
MORLEY, JOHN Burke.
MORRISON, J.O Gibbon.
MiJLLER,MR8 Llle of Georfe nittller.
MYERS, J lirord*worih.
NOBTOr FRANK H... Life of Alexander H. Stephens.
PARTON, JAMES Brief Bloftraphle*.
L . i
'\
111
i
^,4^'
Tl
INDEX OF AUTllOHS.
Brief BiographieB Include the following names:
Ad*iM, John. Crockett, David. Iludgon, Henry. Peel, Sir Robert.
Atumi, Vrt. John. D'Albuquerqiie, Alphonne. Irving, Washington. Peter the Great.
Adama. Samnei. Davy, 81r Hnmpliry. .T.ickion, Audrew. His Pl«arro,Prance80«.
Alfonao I of Portnga!. Tocatur, Death of Com. MarriaRe. Pocahontas.
Ar!4tof)e. iM c hamplaln, Samuel. Jefferson, Thomas. Poe, Edgar Allan.
Ark Wright, Richard. Dlas, Bartholomew. Jefferson at Home, Thoa. Qnincy, Joslah.
Arnold, Benedict. Douglas, Stephen A. Jerome, Channcey. Rothschild, Mal«r.
Andnbon Drake, Sir Francis. .Tones, Paul. Ramford, Connt.
Anrellns, Marcus. Faraday. Michael. Knoi, Henry. Sllllman, Prof.
Bismarck, Prince. Fitch, Poor John. La Fayette. Shakespeare, What Is
Bolivar. Problsher, Sir Martin. Law, John. Known of.
Bryant, Wr.i. Cnllea. Franklin, Benjamin. Lawrence, James. Sidney, Algernon.
Byron, n«rly Life of Lord, franklin, Sir John. Louis Philippe In the U. S. Sparka, Jared.
Bnrr, Aaron, Fulton, Robert. Madison'a Married Life, Sutter, John A.
Cabot, SebasUan. Qadleo. Prest. Virgil. The Poet
Cartler, Jacqnes. Garibaldi. Magalhaens, Fernando. Voltaire and Catharine of
OatoB, The Two. Goodyear, Charles. Mathew, Father. Russia.
Charieaxn. Gustavus HI. Milton, The Poet. Washington at Home.
Colburn, Zerith. Hahnemann, Doctor. Mo«e, Professor. Washington, Inwiguration
Copernlcns, Nicholan. Hamilton, Alexander. Morton, Dr. W. T. G. of.
Confnclua. Hargreaves, Jaotes. Mott, Dr. Valentine. Ward, Artemus.
Cook, Captain. Harvard, John. Newton, Sir Isaac. Watt, James.
Cooper, Fenlmore. Howard, John. Palraurston, Lord. Webster, DanleL
Cooper, Peter. Horace, The Poet. Parry, Sir William. Whitney, BU.
Cortez, Hernando. Howe, Ellas. Pascal, Blaise. Yale, Elihu.
PATTISON, MARK Milton.
PLUTARCH Plu«arcli»« Lives.
Including the Uvea of the following peraor
ifemlllus, Panlus. Caco the Younger. GracchnB, Tlber.u-. Phllopfflmeii.
Agesl'ans. Cicero. Gracchus, Calus. Pyrrhua.
A, Is. Cimon. Lycurgus. Phoclon.
Alclbladea. Cleomenea. Lysander. Pompey.
Alexander. Corlolanus, Caius Marclua. Luculli s Romulus.
Antony. Crassus, Marcus. Marins, Cnius. Sertorius.
Aratns. Demosthenes. Marcellus. Solon.
Aristldes. Demetrius. Nicias. Sylla.
.Artaxerxea. Idon. Numa. Theseus.
Brutus. Bumenes. Otho. Themlatoclee.
Caesar. JnUus. Fablus Maxlmus. Publlcola. Tlmoleon.
Camillus. Flaminius, Titus Qulntins. Pericles.
'Jato the Censor. Gblba. Pelopidas.
RAYMOND, HENRY J Life and Public Services of Abraliam Lincoln.
REIN, WILLIAM Life of Martin Luther.
RIDPATJI, JOHN CLARK Popular HUtory of the United Statea.
ROLLIN, CHARLES Ancient Hlntory.
SMILES, SAMUEI Brief Blographlea.
Biographies of the following persons:
Anold, Dr. Combe, Dr. Andrew. Hook, Theodore. Poe, Edgar Allan.
Andubon, .lohn James. Disraeli, Benjamin. Hunt, Leigh Stephenson, Robert
Browning, Elizabeth B. Gladstone, Wm. Ewart. Lytton, Sir EdwardBulwer.
Carlyle, Thomas. Hawthorne, Nathaniel. Millor, Hugh.
SCHILLER, JOHANN C. F. VON Hintory of the Thirty Vears* Wa. .
SHAIRP, PRINCIPAL Burns.
SMITH, GODWIN Cowper.
STEPHEN, LESLIE Pope.
STODDARD, RICHARD HENRY Life of Washlnston IrvlnK.
SYMONDS, J. A Shelley.
Tr.oLLOPE, ANTHONY Thackeray.
TTNDALL, JOHN Count Rumford.
TYT.>^.ER, ALEXANDER F rnlversal History.
WAW), A. W Chancer.
<11
HISTORICAL LIGHTS.
■.ABANDONMENT, Inhuman. Mooleim. Thit
rapine of the. Carmathians [a fanatical Turkish
sect] was sanctified by their aversion to tlie
worehip of Mecca ; they robbed a caravan of
pilgrims, and tM-enty thousand devout Moslems
were abandoned on the burning sands to a death
of hunger and thirst. — Gibbon's Rome, cli. 52.
iC. ABANDONMENT, A mortifying. Jip. T.
Hall. The infamous Timothy llalT, who had
distinguished himself among the clergy of Lon-
don by reading the declaration (issued by James
II. to supplant the Protestant faith], was re-
warded with the bishopric of Oxford. . . . Hall
came to his see ; but the canons of his cathedral
refused to attend his installation ; the university
refused to create him a doctor ; not a single one
of the academic youth applied to him for holy or-
ders ; no cap was touched to him ; and in his
palace he found himself alone. — Macaulay'b
HiBTORY OF England, ch. 9.
3. ABILITEE8 misapplied. Frederick II. atul
Voltaire. [France sent Voltaire to negotiate a
difficult Hllfance. | The negotiation was of an ex-
traordinary description. Nothing can be conceiv-
ed mce whimsical than the conferences which
took pk^ce between the first literary man and the
first practical man of the age, whom a strange
weakness had induced to exchange their parts.
The great poet would tall' of nothing but treaties
and guaranties, and the great king of nothing
but metaphors and rhvmes. On one occasion
Voltaire put into his Majesty's hand a paper on
the state of Europe, and received it back with
rerses scrawled on the margin. In secret they
both laughed at each other. Voltaire did not
spare the king's poems ; and the king has left
on record his opinion of Voltaire's diplomacy. —
Macaulay's Frederick the Great, p. 39.
- 4. ABILITIES, Nomerons. Boman Emp. Jus-
tinian. The emperor professed himself a musi-
cian and architect, a poet and philosopher, a
lawyer and theologian ; and if he failed in the
enterprise of reconciling the Christian sects, the
review of the Roman jurisprudence is a noble
monument of his spirit and industry. — Gibbon's
Rome, ch. 43.
5. ABILITIES overrated. Pompey. Unfortu-
nately he had acquired a position by his nega-
tive virtues which was above his natural level,
and misled him into overrating his capabilities.
So long as he stood by Cuesar he had maintained
his honor and his authority. He allowed men
' more cunniiig than himself to play upon his
vanity, and Pompey fell — fell amid the ruins of
a Constitution which had been undermined by
the villainies of its representatives. His end
was piteous, but scarcely tragic, for the cause
to which he was sacrificed was too slightly re-
moved from being ignominious. He was no
Phoebus Apollo sinking into tlu^ ocean, sur-
rounded with glory. He was not even a brill-
iant meteor. He was a weak, good man, whom
accident had thrust into a place to which he
was unequal ; and ignorant of himself, and
unwilling to part with his imaginary great-
ness, he was flung down with careless cruelty by
the forces which were dividing the world. —
FrOUDE's CiBSAR, ch. 23.
6. ABILITIES shown. //; Youth. When Phi-
loniciis, theThessalian, offered the horse named
Bucephalus in sale to Philip, at the price of
thirteen talents, the king, with the prince and
many others, went into the field to see some
trial made of him. The horse appeared ex-
tremely vicious and unmanageable, and was so
far from suffering himself to be mounted, that
he would pot bear to be spoken to, but turned
fiercely upon all the grooms. Philip was dis-
pleased, and bade them take him away. But
Alexander, who had observed him well, said,
"What a horse are they losing, for want of
skill and spirit to manage him 1" Philip at first
took no notice of this ; but, upon the prince's
oft«n repeating the same expression, and show-
ing great uneasiness, he said, " Young man, you
find fault with your elders, as if you knew more
than thfiy, or could manage the horae better."
" And I certainly could," answered the prince.
" If you should not be able to ride him, what
forfeiture will you submit to for your rash-
ness ?" "I will pay the j rice of the horse."
Upon this all the company laughed, but the
king and prince agreeing as to the forfeiture,
Alexander ran to the horse, and, laying hold on
the bridle, turned him to the sun ; for he had
observed, it seems, that the shadow which fell
before the horse, and continually moved as he
moved, greatly disturbed him. While his fierce-
ness and fury lasted, he kept speaking to him
softly and stroking him ; after which he gently
let fall his mantle, leaped lightly upon his back,
and got his seat very safe. Then, without pull-
ing the reins too hard, or using either whip or
spur, he set him a going. As soon as he per-
ceived his uneasiness abated, and that he wanted
J
T
AIUMTIKS— AMSTINHM i;
only U> nin, lu; ]>iit liiin in a Tiill ^'allop, iiiid
nuHhcd him on liotli with the voice iind npur.
Philip und nil his court were in i^rciit (li.slrcsH
for him iit first, and a profound silence look
place. But when liie ])rince hud turned him
and hrought hIinNtrai>,dit hack, thoyaii received
him with loud acclamations, except his father,
who wept for joy, and, kissing; him, said, " Seek
another kin/^doi'n, my son, that may Ix; worthy
of thy ahilities ; for Macedonia is loo small for
thee. — Pi.t'TAUci..
T. ABILITIES, Uielesi. John hn/ikn. \\v\^n
of JnmeH II. The help of Dryth-n was welconie
to thoM! lioman Catholic divines who were pain-
fvdly mwtiiiinng a conflict apiinst all that was
most illuHtrioas in tlu! Established Church. . . .
The firHt service which he was rcciuired to
perform, in return for his pension, was to de-
fend hiH [C»tholi(;] Church in prose ai^ainst Slil-
lini^flcet. But the art of saying thinj^s well is
usehjss to 11 man who has nothing to say ; and
this was Drych'n's ca.se. He .soon found him-
self unequally paired with an antagonist whose
whole life had heen ciiie long training for
controversy. The veteran glai'iator di.sjirmed the
novice, inflicted a few contemptuous scratches,
and turned iiway to encotmter more fornudahie
comlmtnnt,s. — AI.maiii.ay'h E.no., ch. 7.
§. ABNEGATION of Self. Mr.rtiii Luther.
A.n. 1518. [lie journeyed on foot to meet th(.' pa-
pal amhivs-sjidor at Augshurg.] " .My thoughts,"
,id he aft«'rward, " on the journey were these :
Now I must die ; and often did I renuirk. What
a reproach will I he to my parents !" When in
the neighborhood of Augsburg Luther was over-
come by bodily weariness. Faint-hearfcd friends
had often warned him on the way not to enter
Augsburg. But in reply to them he said, "In
Augsburg, even in the midst of mine enemies,
JesuH Christ also reigns. May Christ live, even
if Martin should die." — Ukin's Likk ok Lr-
TIIKU, ch. 5.
9. ABSENCE condemned. Kituj (icoriic TT.
A.D. 17;i6. People of nil ranks were indignant
at the king's long slay in Germany [during all
the summer and autumn]. On the gate of St.
Jame.s' palace this notice was .stuck up : ' ' Lo.st or
strayed out of this hou.se a man who has left a wife
and six children on the parish. Whoever will
give any tidings of him to the church-wardi iis
of St. James' parish, so as he may be got again,
shall receive four shillings ana sixpence re-
ward. — N.B. This reward will not be increased,
nobody judging him to deserve a crown." —
Knioht'sEno., ch. 6.
10. ABSENCE, Beasonabla. Trial of CharkK
IT. The judges assembled in the vast Gothic;
hall of Westminster, the palace of the Commons.
At the first calling over of the lis if members
designed to compose the tribuii; [to try the
king], when the name of Fairfax ^^ pronounced
without response, a voice from Ik; crowd of
.spectators cried out, " He has too much .sense to
be here. " When the act of accusation against the
king was read, in the name of Ow, people of Enr/-
land, the same voice agair replied, "Not one
tenth of them 1" The offi^eT commanding the
s^ard ordered the soldiers to fire upon the gal-
lery from whence these rebellious words jiroceed-
led, when it w.-is discovered that tliev had been
uttered by Lady Fairfax, the wife of the lord-
general. — La.makti.nk's Cm>MWKi,i,, p. 42.
11. ABSOLUTION in Advance. Klemtion of
JiiliiiM II. We understand from Burcard, that
it was at this time an eshdilished custom for
every new iK)pe, immediately after his election,
and as the first act of his apo.stolical function, to
give; a full absolution to all the cardinals of all
the crimes they might thereafter commitof what-
< ver nature and degree. — Tvti.ku'h IIiBT. , vol.
•c, ch. 14.
12. ABSOLUTION, Costly. I'ulwologus (Mi
cliae!;, the usurper of Con.stanlinople, was ex
communicated from the Greek Church botaiu.se
of cruelty. [See No. i;W5. | The Christian who
I had been separated from (}o<l and the Church
became an object of horror ; and in a turbulent
and fanatical capital, that horror might arm the
hand of an a.ssa.ssin or iiitlanu! a .sedition of the
people. Pahi'ologus felt his danger, confes.s<'d
his guilt, and deprecated his judge ; the act was
irretrievable ; the jiri/e [a kingdom] was obtain-
ed ; and the most rigorous penance which he
.solicited would have rai.sed the sinner to the
reputation of a saint. The unrelenting patriarch
[ Ar.seniu.s] refused to unnouncc! any means of
atonement or any hopes of mercy ; and conde-
scended only lo pronounce, that for so grcjit a
crime, great indeed must l)e the .satisfaction.
" Do you re(}uire," said Michael, " that I should
abdicate the empire '/" and at these words he of-
fered or seemed to offer the sword of state. Ar-
siaiius [the; patriarch] eagerly grasped this ple<lge
of sovereignty ; but when he perceived that the
emperor was unwilling to ])urcha.sc absolution at
so dear a rate, he indignantly escaped to his
cell, and left the royal sinner kneeling and
weeiiing at the door. 'The danger and scandal
of tliis excommiinieation subsi.sfed above three
years, till the i)opular clamor was ii.s,suaged by
time and repentance. . . . Arsenius . . . denied
with his la.st breath the pardon which was im-
plored. — GinnoNs Ro.mk, ch. 63.
13. ABSOLUTION desired. Death of Ghark*
IT. A.n. 1685. [The French ambassador] Baril-
lon hastened to the bed-chamber [of Charles II.],
took the duke [of York] aside, and delivered the
mes.sage of the mistress [of (Charles — the Duch-
ess of Portsmouth, who entreated that a priest be
called, as the king was a Catholic at heartl. The
conscience of James [the Duke of York] smote
him. . . . Several schemes were di.scusscd and
rejected. At lust the duke commanded the
crovd to stand aloof, Avent to the bed and
stooped down, and whispered .something which
none of the spectators could hear, hut which
they suppo.sed to be some (,uestion of Sfjite.
("haiies answered in an audible voice, "Yes,
yes, with all my heart." None of the by.sianders,
excei)t the French ambassador, guessed that the
king was declaring his wish to be admitted into
the bo.som of the Church of Rome. "Shall I
bring a priest \" .s.iid the duke. "Do, brother,"
.said the sick man. " For God's sake do, and
lose no time. But no ; you will get into trouble."
" If it costs me my life," said the duke, " I will
fetch a priest. " [The priest was secretly brought
and the king absolved.]— Mac aula y's Hibt. ok
Eno., ch. 4.
14. ABSTINENCE, Certainty by. J>r. Samuel
Jnhnmn. A.I). 177H. Talking of drinking wine.
A H8TIN KNCl-;- AHL.sk.
be Eiiid : " I did not Icuvu ofT wiiio l)oaius(' T
could not l)ear if. 1 have drunk three lM)ltlcs
of port without lieinj^ the worse for it. Uiiiver-
Hitv College hiiH witnessed this." Bohwkm. ;
" Why, then, sir, did you ieiive it olT ?" Joiin-
HON : " Why, sir, beeuuse it is so nuu^h 'oetter for
a mun to be sure that he is never U) lui intoxieal-
ed, never to lose the jiower over himself. I
rttiall not begin to drink wine till I grow old and
want it." BoHWKLi. : "I think, sir, you once
said to nic that not to dnnk wine was a great
deduction from life." Johnson : " It is a dim-
inution of pleasure, to be sure ; but I do not sjiy
a diminution of happiness. There is more hap-
piness in l)cing rational." — BoHWKMi's .Johnson,
p. 800.
15. AB8TINEHCE, Limit of. JMoerne. F6dere
states that some workmen buried in a damf)
(piarry were extricated alive after a period
of fourteen days ; while after the wreck of the
Medusa, the sufferers on the nift, exposed to a
high temperature and constant exertion, at the
end of three days, although thi^y still had a
small quantity of wine, were so fitmished that
they commenced devouring the dead iKKlies of
their companions. Dr. Willan hiis recorded a
case in which, under the influence of religious
•ielusion, a young man lived sixtv days, talking
during that time nothing but a little water fla-
vored with orange juice. Di. .Vi'Naughton, of
Albany, gives a similar instance, during which a
young man lived flfty-four days on water alone.
— AUEKICAN CvC, " AhSTINENC'K. "
lO. ABSTIKERCE, Fnidential. Dr. Hamuel
Johntion. K.n. 1770. Findinghim still persevering
in his abstinence from wine, I ventured to speak
to him of it. Johnson : " Sir, I have no objec-
tion to a man's drinking wine, if he can do it in
moderation. I found myself apt to go to excess
in it, and therefore, after having iMien for some
time without it, on account of illness, I thought
it better not to return to it. Every man is to
judge for himself, according to the effects whi(^h
he experiences. One of the Fathers tells us that
he found fasting made him so peevish, that he
did not practise it." — Boswell's Johnson,
p. 275.
17. ABSTINENCE, Twofold. Greek Emp.
Aiidronicua. [Being deposed l)y his grandson]
his calamities were jumbittered by the gnidual
extinction of sight ; his confinement was ren-
dered each day more rigorous ; and during the
absence and sickness of his grandson, his inhu-
man keepers, by threats of instjuit death, com-
pelled him to exchange the purple for the mo-
nastic habit and profession. The monk Antony
[a^ he was now called] had renounced the pomp
of the world ; yet he had occasion for a coarse
fur in the winter season, and as wint was for-
bidden by his confessor, and water by his phy-
sician, the sherbet of Egypt was his common
drink. — Gibbon's Rome, ch. 63.
16. ABSTINENCE, Vroonscioas. The Poet
Slielley. Mrs. Shelley used to send him some-
thing to eat into the room where he habitually
studied ; but the plate frequently remained un-
touched for hours upon a bookshelf, and at the
end of the day he might be heard asking, " Mary,
Lave I dined ?" — Symonds's Shf.llby, ch. 4.
10. ABSTBACTION, Art of. "Wautcoat But-
ton." He had long desired to get above a school -
fellow in his cIiish, who defied all his efforts, till
.Scott noticed fluit whenever a question was
tiHked of his rival, the lad's fingers grasiMid a
])articular button on his waistcoat, while his
mind went in search of fhe answer. Hcott
a<'cordingly anticipated that if he could n--
move this button, the boy wnuld Imj thrown
out, and so it proved. 't\w button was cut
off, luid the next tinu; the lad was questioned,
his fingers Iteing unable to find the button, and
his eyes going in iH!ri)lexed stnirch wiWx his fin-
gers, he st<K)d confounded, and Hcott mastered
by straf<'gy tlu! place he could not gain by mere
industry. "Often in after-life," said Scott, in
narrating fhe man«euvre fo Uogers, "has the
sigiit of him smote me as I ])as.sed by him ; ami
often have I resolved to make him some repu-
mtion, but it end(;d in g(M)d resolutions. — IIiit-
ton's Like ov Sir W. Scott, ch. 1.
30. ABSTRACTION, Blanden by. Bir I. Ncir-
t<m. Several anecdotes are preserved of his ab-
sence of mind. On one occasion, when he was
giving a dinner to some friends, he left the table-
to get them a bottle of wine ; but on his way to
the cellar he fell info reflection, forgot his errand
and his company, went to his chamlwr, put on
his surplice, and proceeded ft) the chapel.
Someti nes he would go into the street half
dressed, and, on dis(!overing his condition, run
back in great haste, much abashed. Often
while strolling in his garden he would sudden-
ly stop, and then run rapidly to his room, and
iKigin fo writt", standing, on the first piece of
paper that presented itself. lnf<'nding to dine
in the public hall, he would go out in a brown
study, Uike the wrong turn, walk awhile, and
then return to his room, having totally forgotten
the dinner. . . Having dismounted from his horse
to lead him up a hill, the horse slipped his head
out of the bridle ; but Newton, oblivious, never
discovered it, fill, on reaching a toll-gate at the
top of the hill, he turned to remount, he per-
ceived that the Itridle which he held in his hand
had no horse 'attached fo it. His secretary re-
cords that his forgetfulness of his dinner was an
excellent thing for his old housekeeper, who
"sometimes found both dinner and sup|M'r
scarcely t4isted of, which the old woman has
very pleasimtly ard mumpingly gone away
with." On getting out of bed in the morning,
he has been observed to sit on his bedside for
hours, without dressing himself, utterly al>
sorbed in thought. — CYCi,or.t:DiA oi* Bio(;uv-
niY, p. 2.'57.
21. ABSTBACTION, Dangeroua. ArchinieAifn.
[When the Romans captured Syracuse] Archi-
medes was in his study, engagea iu some math-
ematical researches ; and his mind, as well as
his eye, was so intent upon his diagram, that be;
neither heard the tumultuous noise of the Ro-
mans, nor perceived that the city was taken. A
soldier suadenly entered his room, and ordered
him to follow him to Marcellus ; and Archime
des refusing to do it, until he had finished his
problem, and brought his demonstration lo
bear, the soldier, in a passion, drew his sword
and killed him. — Pi.iitakch.
33. ABUSE, Absence of. Savages. It is said
of the Ainus savages, who are inhabitants of
the North Pacific, that they ^ve striking proof
of their amiability of disposition, in that they
AMlSK-Af'CIDKNT.
-Am.
have nn wnrdH nf abuse in llicir Inii^uugf.
Ctc, " AiNim."
93. ABUSE, Ferional. Millou, hi/ SuhiKtmitH.
If liny on(! IbinkH Hint {;liissi<'«l HtiulicM of
thcniHelvoH ciiltivnU; llic tiiHti; iind tin- sciili
montH, l(!t him look into SiiliniisiiiH's Hfn/Hiimin.
Tlicrc. he will sc*; Ww first Hchoiiir of his ajre not
thinking; il iinlHH'oniin^ to tiiiint .Miiloii witli his
blin(in»!HH, in Hiich linigiiiifi;c ns this : "A |>ui)i)y,
once my pretty little man, now lije'ir-cyed, or
lalhoni blindjiiif? ; havinf,' never had any mental
vision, he has now lost his bodily sij;ht" ; a silly
<!OXf;omb, fancying himseli' a beauty ; an iinetean
beast, with nothing more biinian idtoiil him than
his (futtcring eyelids; the tiltest doom for him
would be U) hani^ him on the highest gallows,
and set his heair on the Tower of London."
These are some of the iiuivilities, not by any
means the most revolting, but such as I dare re-
produce, of this literary warfare. — I'attison's
Milton, eh. 9.
34. ABUSE, Slanderous. \(iix>l<<>i, f. The
English prciss teemed with . . . abu.se. . . . lie
was a . . . demon inhuman form. He was a
robb(!r and a mi.ser. i)lundering the treasuries of
nations that hv might hoard his countless mill-
ions ; and he was also a profligate and a spend-
thrift, squandering upon his lusts the wealth of
empircH. He was wallowing in lieentiou.sness,
his camp a harem of pollution, ridding himself,
by (Mison, of his eoncubines ... at the same
time he was phi/nicall// ait, iinhenlc — a monstei'
whom Go<l in His displeasure had depnved of
the passions and powers of healthy manhood.
He was an idol whom the entraneed people . . .
worshipped. . . . He was also a sanguinary,
heartless, merciless butcher. — Aiiiiott's N.\ro-
i,E«)N B., vol. 1, eh. 9.
35. ABUSE, Success by. Politicx. Some pretty
rough polfticians used to find tl;e way to Wash-
ington from the Western 8tates, fifty or .si.xty
years ago. Matthew Lyon was one of these,
a man of great note in his day. Jo.siah Quincy
once asked him how he obtiuned an election to
the Hou.se of Representatives .so soon after his
emigration to Kentucky. He answered, "By
establishing myself at a cro.ss-roads, which
everybody in the district passed from time to
time, and abusing the sitting member." — Cvclo-
I'.KDIA OF BlOOUAPIIY, \y. 756.
36. AOOESS, Humble. To Row. Em p. Diode-
tian. The sumptuous robes of Diocletian and
his succes,sor8 were of silk and gold ; and it is
remarked with indignation, that c^ven their shoes
were studded with the most precipus gems.
The access to their sacred i)er.son was every day
rendered more difficult by the institution of new
forms and ceremonies. . . . When a subject
was at length admitted to the Imperial presence,
he was obliged, whatever might be his rank, to
fall prostrate on the ground, and to adorr, ac-
cording to the Ea.stem fashion, the divinity of
his lord and master. — Gibhon'h Romk, ch. 18.
37. ACCIDENT, Destiny by. Bnml. [Duchy
of Bethlem Gabor.] An unexpected accident
had given p. singidar turn to the dispute as to
the successir n of Juliers. This duchy was still
ruled conjointly by the Electorate House of
Brandenburg and the Palatine of Neuburg ;
and a marriage between the Prince of Neuburg
and a Princess of Brandenburg was to have in-
separably united the interests of the two houses.
Hut the whole scheme was upset by a box on
the ear, which, in a drunken brawl, the Elector
of Brandenburg unfortunately inflicted upon hJH
inteiKh'd son in law. From this moment the
good understanding between the twoliouH««waH
at an end. The I'ri'ice of Neuburg emlmiced
l)opery. The hand of a ])riiicess of Bavaria re-
warded his apostasy, and the strong sujiport of
Havaria and Spaiii was the natuial result of
both. To secure to the Palatine the exclusive
])os.sessi(>n of .(uliers, the Spanish troops from
the Netherlands were marched into tht; Palati-
nate. To rid himself of these guests, the ElcK'tor
of Branch-nburg called the Flemings to his assist-
ance, whom h(! sought to propitiate by (tmbracing
the Calvinist religion.— TiiiHTV Ykakh' Wau,
3N. ACCIDENT, Distress by. Hiin-ji TI. of
h'rinier. [Henry's daughter Elizabeth was to be
married to Philip, and his sister Margaret to the
Duke of Savoy.] Magnificent rejoicings took
place at Paris during the summer of 1559 in
ceh^bration of these royal iiui)tials. Lists wens
erected in front of the jialace of the Tournelles,
and a splendid tournanieiil was held, at which,
on the 27th of June, the king himself, supported
by the Duke of Guise and two other princes,
niaintained the field against all antngonists.
Henry, who was an admirable cavalier, tri-
unii)haiitly carried off the honors of the day ;
but toward the close; of it, having imfortunately
chosen to iim a course with Montgomery, cap-
tain of his Scottish guards, the lance of the stout
knight shivered in the encounter, and the broken
truncheon, entering the king's eye, penetrated
to the brain. Henry languished eleven days in
great suffering, and expired . . . in the forty-first
year of his age. — Students' Hist, of Fkance,
ch. 15, ^ 7.
39. ACCIDENT, Eevolntion by. •' SlriUan Vea-
jXTti." As the citizens of Palermo flocked to
vespers on one of the festivals of Easter week,
March 80, 1282, a French soldier grossly insulteil
a young and be^uitiful Sicilian maiden in the
presence of her betrothed husband ; the latter in-
stantly drew his dagger and stabbed the offender
to the heart. This was the signal for a violent
explosion of popular fury; cries of " Death to
the French !" resounded on all .sides ; upward of
two hundred were cut down on the .spot, and
tlu! ma.ssacre was continued in the streets of Pa-
lermo through the whole night. From the cap-
ital the insurrection spread to Messina, from
.Messina to the other towns of the island ; every-
where the French were ruthlessly butchered,
without distinction of age, sex, or condition ;
the total number of the slain is said to have ex-
ceeded eight thou.sand. Such was the terrible
catastrophe of the "Sicilian Vespers." — Stu-
HKNTs' Hist, of Fkanck, eh. 9, ^ 10.
30. ACCIDENT, Saved by. Thomas Paine.
During the Reign of Terror Thomas Paine wa.s
imprisoned, but was saved from the guillotine,
apparently by an accident. The door of his
room was marked for the executioner, but the
sign was made on it while it was open ; and at
night, when the terrible messenger usually ar-
rived, the mark was on the inside, and, as he
himself says, " the destroying angel passed by."
Stkvkxs's Metiiouism, Book 7. ch. 1,
&.fe.i
ACCIDENT— ACTIONS.
31. AOOIDENT, Biffnifloant. Norman. Diihr
William. [Buttle of riiiHtingH.] When he pre-
pared to nnn himself, he called tlrst for hin pood
haul)crk, and a man lirou^ht it on hiH arm, and
placed it tn^forehim ; hut in putting; IdH head in,
to get it on, he unawarcH turned it the wronj?
way, witli the haelc part in front. He H(M)n
changed it ; hut when he Haw thoHc^ who wlood
l)y were sorely alarmed, lie said, " I liave seen
many a man who, if such a thing had liappened
to hfm, would not have honu! arms, or entered
the field the same day ; l)ut I never heliev«'d in
omens, and I never will. I trust in (Jod, for lie
does in all things His ])leasure, and ordains what
is to come to i)ass according to His will. T hav<!
never lilted fortune-tellers, nor helieved in di-
viners ; but I commend myself to Our Lady.
Let not this mis(;hance give yo\i troul)le. The
haul)erlc which was turned wrong, and then set
right by me, signifies that a change will arise
out of the matter whicli we are now stirring.
You shall see the ii ne of the duk(! ('hanged into
king. Yea, a king shall I he, who hitherto havcf
been but duke." | He was unharmed in battle. ]
— Dkcihivk B.vtti.ks, § 309.
33. ACCIDENT utilized. S,m of Ali. A fa-
miliar st«ry is related of the lu'nevolence of one
of the sons of Ali. In serving at table, a slave
had inadvertently dropped a dish of scalding
broth on his master ; tlu! heedless wretch fell
prostrate, to deprecate his punishment, and re-
peated a verse of the Koran : " Paradise is for
those who command their anger : " — " I am not
angry:" — "and for those who pardon of-
fences:" — "I pardon your offence:" — "and
for those who return good for evil : " — " I give
you your liberty, and four hundred i>ieces of
silver." — Gibijon's Uomk, ch. 50.
33.
— (, Norman Invofiion. When
Duke William himself landed, as he stepped on
the shore he slipped, and fell forward upon his
two hands. Forthwith all raised a loud cry of
distress. " An evil si^n," said they, " is here."
But he cried out lustily, " See, my lords, by
the splendor of God, I have taken posses.sion of
England with both my hands. It is now mine,
and what is mine is yours." — Decisive Bat-
tles, § 297.
34. ACCOMPLISHMENTS, Worthy. Theiim-
tocles. [The prudent Athenian general] was
laughed at, in company where free scope was
given to raillery, by persons who passed as
more accomplished m what was called gentle
breeding ; he was obliged to answer them with
.some asperit}' : " ' Tis true I never learned how
to tune a harp or play upon a lute, but I know
h'ow to raise a small and inconsiderable city to
glory and greatness." — Plutarch.
35. ACKNOWLEDGMENT, Slender. Postag,'.
The only acknowledgment of his twenty -five
years' services which John Adams carried with
iiim in his unwelcome and mortifying retire-
ment, was the privilege which had been granted
to Washington on his withdrawal from the pres-
idency, and after his death to his widow, and
bestowed likewise upon all subsequent ex-pres-
idents and their widows, of receiving his letters
free of postage for the remainder of his life. —
Am. Ctc, " JoitN Adams."
36. ACQUAINTANCE, Brief. Am. Indians.
Tlie English [colonists] received a friendly wel-
come . . . on the island of Hoanoke. . . " Tho
peonle were most genth>and loving and faithful,
voi(I of all guile and treason, ana such as llvo
after the manner of the Gohien Age." [They
afterward learned) the practice of inviting men
to a feast, that they ndght 1»« murdered in tho
hour of confidence.— Banc;kokt'h Hist, or
I'. H., ch.il.
37. ACQUAINTANCE, Unwelcome. Stunuel
Jofinmn. H(! gave us an ent<!rUiining account
of IH Flint, a woman of the town, who, with
some eccentric; talents and much effrontery,
forced herst'lf upon his ac(|uaintan(;e. "Bet
(said he) wrote her own life in vcfrsc, whi(!h she
brought to m<!, wishing that 1 would furnish
her with a preface to it. (Laughing.) I use*!
to say of her, that she was generally slut and
drunkard — occrasionally, whore and thief. Sho
hacl, however, genteel Iwlgings, a spinnet on
which she played, and a boy that walked iMjfore
her chair." — Boswem/h .Iohnhon, p. 461.
38. ACK08TIC, PoliUcal. Iiei(/n of Charku I /.
It happened by a whimsical <H)incidcnce that, in
1671, the cabinet consisted of five persons, the
initial letters of whose names made up the word
Cabal : Clifford. Arlington, Buckingham, Ash-
ley, and Lauderdale.— Macaulay's Hist, ok
Emi., ch. 3.
30. ACTIVITY, Boman. Itonutn Navy. In
the first Puiuc war the republic had exerted
such incredible diligence, that within sixty days
after the first stroke of the axe had been given
in the forest a fleet of one hundred and sixty
galleys proudly rode at anchor in the sea. —
Gibijon's Rome, ch. 3.
40. ACTION, DeoiBive. Colonel Gordon. [Lord
George Gordon was a contemptible demagogue,
who brought a clamorous mob of sixty thousand
persons to the House of Parliament ; he reported
for their vengeance the names of the members
who spoke against the petition in tlieir behalf
whicli he had presented, while they waited in
palace yard with many threatening demonstra-
tions. His crowd twice attempted to force the
doors. Expostulation with the fanatic was in
vain.] At last. Colonel Gordon, a near relative,
went up to him and said : " My Lord George, do
you intend to bring your rascally adherents into
the House of Commons ? If you do, the first
man of them that enters — I will plunge my
sword, not into him, but into j'our body." A
party of horse-guards at length arrived, and the
rabble went home. — Knight's Eng., vol. 6,
ch. 26.
41. ACTIONS speak. Declaring War. [Aii-
cus, one of the early kings of Rome,] created a
college of sacred Heralds, called Fetiales, who.se
business it was to demand reparation for injuries
in a regular and formal manner, and in case of
refusal to declare war by hurling a spear into
the enemy's land. — Liddell's Rome.
4a. . " Cutting off . . . tallest Pop-
pies." The only Latin town that defied Tar-
quin's power was Gabii ; and Sextus, the
king's youngest son, promised to win this place
also for his father. So he fled from Rome
and presented himself at Gabii ; and there
he made complaints of his father's tyranny* and
prayed for protection. The Gabians believed
him, and took him into their city, and they
i 'r\
W
■M
ACTORS ADM I. NIHTHATION'
tmsUid him, «> that in time lie whs iniul(! com-
iiiHndcr of their urmy . Now, liis ftUlicr MiifffTwl
liii. to conquer in many Hnuill l)attl('s, uiui tiie
Uabiuns tniHtcd Iiim more and more. Tiieii
he Hent privately to liiM faliicr, and aslied what
he Hhould do to malie tlie UaliianH Kulimil.
Tlien King Tanjuin pive no an.swcr to tlie mcs
sender, l»»t, iw he walliitd tij) and down Ids jjar-
deii, lie kept <;iittinf,' oil tii(! lieads of tiu! tallest
poppies with his stafl'. At liusl the messenger was
lirnl, and went hack to Sextus and told him
what liad pass<'d. Ihit .Scxtiis understood what
hiH father meant, and Ik; hepin to accuse falwly
all the chittf men, and some of them Ik^ put to
death and some he banished. So at last the city
of Gahii was left defctneelcss, and S(!Xtus deliv
(led it up to his father,— IjIdokm.'h Homk.
43. ACT0B8 and Aotretiei. Orinin of. This
craft daUfs itH exist<'n.:e back to souh! centuries
lieforc Christ. Tlu; earliest mention we find of
it ill history is i.i IIh! time of Solon in Orecice.
It wax then attached to the religious rites, and
its appliances and inllueiieesusetl to clothe witli
grwiter solemnity and effeca tli(( sacred ccilebra-
tions of the Greeks. So lugh a place; had the pro-
fession at this p«;riod, that actors wen; all trained
and paid at the expense of the State. . . . From
the time of the (Jicsars the stage (legeiutrated rap-
idly, from Ixting disoonnecUid from tlios<f relig-
ious rites from v/Wwh it drew its chief distinction,
and was finally lost altogetlier during the dark
ages.— Am. Cvc. " Aotoks."
44. ACTOSS diihonored. Ihiium iMir. 'Y\\v
law.q of Rome expressly ])rohil)ited the marriage;
of a senator with any female who had been dis-
iiunorcd by a servile origin or theatrical profes-
f*ion. — Qiuuon'b Romk, ch. 4.
45. ACTOSS, Beipflot for. IJr. Sdmiul ,/ohii-
■xoii. Sill Joshua KKyNOLiw : " I do not perceive;
why tlie profession of a playcsr should l)e despis
<'d ; for the great and ultimate (;nd of all the em-
ployincntaoi mankind is to produce amusement.
iJArrick produces more amusement than any-
1t6(7v." iJoswELL : " You say. Dr. Johihson,
ihat" Garrick exhibits hlm.self for a shilling. In
this respect he is only on a footing with a lawy(;r,
who exhibits himself for his fee, and even will
maintain any nonsense or absurdity , if the case re-
quire it. Garrick refuses a play or a part which
he does not like ; a lawyer never refuses. " John-
son : "Why, sir, what does this im)ve V oidy
that a lawyer is worse. Boswell is now like
Jack in ' The Tale of a Tub,' who, when he is
puzT^led by an argument, hangs him.self. He;
thinks I shall cut him down, l)ut I'll let him
hang" (laughing vociferously). Sir Joshua
Ukynolds: " Mr. Boswell thinks, thatthe pro-
fession of a lawyer being unque.stioniibly honor-
able, if he can show the profcs-sion of a player to
be more honorable, he proves his argument."—
Boswell'e Johnson, p. 211.
46. ADDBES8, Spectaonlar. .in tony. [At the
funeral of Ciessir, whenj the body was brought
into the forum, and Antony spoke the u.suul fu-
neral euiogium, as he perceived the people affect-
ed by his speech, he ende;ave)reel .still more to
work upon their pa.ssions, l)y unfolding the
bloody garment of Cajsar, showing them in liov
inanir places it was pierced, and pointing out the
number of his wounds. This threw everything
info confusion. Some called alouel to kill the
murderers ; otluTs, as was fonnerly di»ne In the
case of that H««litiouH demagogue; ( ;iodiuH, Himtch-
eel the; iM;nch<« aiiel Uibles fre)m the neighlwring
shops, and ere<;te;el a |)ile for the; iHMly of CiEsar,
in the' midst of ee)nse'erate;el pla<;e8 and surround-
ing temples. As seM)n as the; pile was in flnmcs,
tlie- peH)ple, croweling from all parts, snatched the
Imlfburned branels, and ran renind the city to
lire- the' he)use'x of the e emspirators ; but they were
em llie'ir guarel again.st such an assault, and pre-
V( nle'd the; e'(I(;e:t^.— I'l.irrAiicii.
47. ASBRESS, SaooauAil. Edward J V. While
Warwick wiis wimiing tritiinphs on battlefield
afte-r battlefield the ye)ung king s(H;mcd to al)an-
ele)ii himself to a ve)i'ui)tue)us ineledence, to revels
with the; eity wive'se)f LewiehHi, and totho(»rc8ses
e)(' nustre;ase'M like; .lane; She)re'. Tall in stature
anel e)f singular be'uutv, his winning manners and
gay care;le;.ssne'ss e)f bearing secun;d Edward a
popularity which hael be;en elenied to nobler
kings. Wlie'ii he; luske'd a rich olel lady for ten
pounds te)warel a war with France, she answered,
'• Fetr thy ce)me'ly face the)U slialt have twenty."
The king thanke;el and kisseel her, and the old
wetman made her twenty forty.— Hist, ok Eno.
Vkovx.k, S 497.
4M. AODBESS, Theatrical. >Samvel Johnson.
His unepialified rielie;uie; e)f rhete)ri»;al gesture or
aetiem i.} ne)t, surely, a test of truth ; yet we (uinnot
lie-lp aeiiniringhe)W well it is adapte;d to produce
tlie; e'iTe;e;t which he wished. " Neither the
judg(«e)f e)urlaws, nor the; re;pr(««;nt4itive8of our
pefiple', woulei be; much affe;ct«Hl by labonnl ges-
tie;iilatie)ns, e)rbelieve any man the more because
he n>lled hiseye»s, or puffed his checks, or spread
abre)ad his arms, or stamped the ground, or
thump4Hi his breast ; ortumeil his eyes sometimes
te) the ceiling, anel som«;times to the floor." —
HewwKM.'s Johnson, p. 89.
49. ADDBESS, Triekater'R. Kdmv/nd Burke.
It was in the I)ecemlM;r e)f 1792 thnt Burke had
enact<;d that famous bit of nu;l(Klraina out of
place, known as the Dagger Scene. The gov-
ernment had bremglit in an Alien Bill, imposing
certain pains and restrictions on foreigners com-
ing to this country. . . . Burke began to storm »«
usual again.st inurelerous atheists. Then, with-
out d\ie pre;parHtie)n, he; began to fumble in bis
bewemi, .suelelenly elre'w e)ut a dagger, and with
an extravagant ge-^sturc threjw it on the fioor of
the House, (trying that this was what they bad
te) expect frevm tli(;ir alliance with Fnmcc. The
stre)ke missed its mark, anel there was a general
inclination to titteT, (uitil Burke, collecting him-
se'lf for an effort, e aUeel upon them with a ve-
hemence to which his listeners coulel not choose
but resjwnel, to ke(;p French principles from
their lu;ads anel French daggers from their
lu;arts ; to prese;rve; all their blaneiishment« in life,
anel all their con,se)latiou8 in death ; all the bless-
ings of time, anel all the hopes of eternity. — Mou-
key's Buukk, ch. 9.
50. ADMINISTBATION, BespoiuibiUty of.
Reign of Vharlen. If. To the royal office and
royal person the;y [the commons] loudly and sin-
cerely profes.s(;d the strongest attachment. But
to [Lord Chane;elle)r] Clarendon they owed noal
le;giance, and they fell on him as furiously as their
prejdecessors hael fallen on Strafford. The min-
ister's virtue;s and vices alike contributed to his
ruin. He' was the ostensible head of the admin-
/•I'
ADMINISTRATION— ADORATION.
iHirutiun, and wim therefore held rcAponsible
even for thotut aeU wlii.-h lie had strongly, but
vainly, opposed in eoiineil. — Maiaui.ay bIIiht.
OK EJiu., (;h. 2.
lil. ADMINISTRATION, An unfortunate. Pirs.
Martin y'an Hhihi'k. The udminiHtration of
Van Buren has freneraliy heen reckoned iw nn-
HueccHtiful and inglorious, liut he and his times
were uufortunat(^ rather than bad. He was the
victim of all the evils which followed hard upon
the relaxation of the Jacksonian methods of gov-
ernment. He hud neither tlu; will nor the dis-
position to rule as his predeces.sor [Andrew Jack-
sou] had done ; nor were the people and their
representatives any longer in the humor to suffer
that sort of government. The period was un-
heroic ; it was the ehh-tide between the belliger-
ent excitements of 1882 and the war with Aiex-
I(to. The tinancial jianic added o^)probrium to
the jx»pular estimate of imbecility in the govern-
ment. " The a(bnini«tration of Van Buren," said
a satirist, " is like a parenthesis ; it may be read
in a low tone of voi<e, or altogether omitted,
■iritlutut injuring the mnjic !" But the satire lacked
one efi8<;ntittl quality — truth. — Hist. U, 8., Uin-
I'.vni, ch. 55.
.'S2. ADMINISTRATION united. A. Lincoln.
.ludge Baldwin, of California . . . solicited a pass
outside of our lines to see a brother in Virginia.
[Being refused by the commnndiiig general and
Secretory of War] . . . Unally he (JbUiined an in-
terview with Mr. Ijiiicoln, and stated his ca.se.
" Have you applied to General Hallock ?" . . .
" Yes, and met with a Hat refusal." . . . "Then
you must see Stanton. " . . . " I have, and with
the same result." . . . "Well, then," said Mr.
Lincoln, with a smile, " I can do nothing ; for
you must know I ha iw wry little influence with
this AdminiHtrution ." — r^^YMONu's Lincoln, p.
748.
53. ADMIRATION ohanged. Martin Luther.
As a reverent pilgrim he arrived at Rome,
after a six weeks' journey. Seeing the city from
afar, he fell upon the earth and cried out," Hail !
thou sacred Rome ! ' And yet he found many
things different from what he had expected. His
experience there made a lasting imj)res8ion upon
him. " I would not have taken one hundred
thousand florins not to have seen Rome. Among
other coarse talk, I heard one reading miuss, and
when he came to the words of consecration, he
said, ' Thou art bread and shalt remain bread,
thou art wine and shalt remain wine.' What
was I to tliiiik of this ? And, moreover, I was
disgusted at the manner in which they could
' rattle off' a mass as if it had been a piece of
jugglery, for long before I reached the Gospel
lesson my neighbor had finished his mass and
cried out to me, ' Enough ! enough ! hurry up
and come away,' etc. !" — ^Rkin's Lutiieu, ch. 4.
54. ADMIRATION, Objectionable. Oliver Gold-
Kiaith. In the summer of 1762 he was one of
the thousands who went to see the Cherokee
chiel's, whom he mentions in one of his writings.
The Indians made their appearance in grand
costume, hideously painted and besmeared. In
the course of the visit Goldsmith made one of
the chiefs a present, who, in the ec,sta.sy of his
gratitude, gave him an embrace that left his
lace well l^daubed with oil and red ochre. —
Irving'8 Goldsmith, ch. 13,
55. ADMIRATION, Supreme. Coloml Orom>fr.
This worthy veteriui, liKe his general [Wash-
ington], had but one t.-ast, which he gave every
day and to all companies; it was, "God bless
General Washington." — ('uhtih' WAHniNOTON,
vol. 1, ch. 2.
56. ADMONITION diiregarded. Genei-al St.
Clair, A.D. 17»1. General St. Clair, with an
army of two thousand men, set out from Port
Washington to break the jjowerof the Miami con-
federacy. . . . In what is now Mercer County,
Ohio, . . . his camp was suddenly assjiiled by
more than two thousand warriors, led by Little
Turtle and several American renegades who
had joined the Indians. After a terrible battle
of three hours' duration, St. ("lair was complete-
ly defeated, with a loss of fully one half of his
men. . . , The news of the disaster spnuid gloom
throughout the land . . . the government was
for awhile in consternation, tor once th(! be-
nignant spirit of Washington gave way to wrath.
" 1/ere," said he, " in a tempest of indignation.
" here in this very room ... 1 said to him, ' Y(ni
have careful in.structions from the Secretary of
AVar, and I my.self will add one word — hkwakk
OK A snuMiiSK I ' He went off with that my last
warning ringing in his ears. Yet he hits sulrered
that army to be cut to pieces, hacked, butchered,
tomahawked by a surprise — the very thing 1
guarded him against ! How can lie answer to
his country ? The blood of the slain is upon
him — the curse of widows and orphans !"
[After a period of silence he .solemnly added ;]
" I looked at the despatches ha.stily, and did not
note all the particulars. General St. Clair shall
have justice. I will receive him without <li»-
pleasure — he shall ?ia re full justice." — Ridpatii'm
Hist. okU. S., ch. 4«.
57. ADOPTION of Captives. American Indians.
Sonuitimes a captive was saved, to be adopted
in ')lac(^ of a warrior who had fallen . . . th«'
allegiance and, a.s it were, the identity of the
captive . . . became changed. [His] . . . children
and the wife . . . left at home are to be blotted
from his memory ; he is to be the departed
chieftain resuscitated ... to cherish tlios*;
whom he cheri.shed ; to hate those whom he hated
. . . the foreigner thus adopted is esteemed to
stand in the .same relations of consanguinity. —
Bancuokt'b U. S., vol. 3, ch. 22.
5l<i. ADOPTION by the State. Napoleon J.
[Alter the battle of Austerlitz.] He immediately
adopted all the children of those [soldiers] who
had fallen. They were supported and educated
at the expense of the State. They all, a.s the
children of the emjieror, were permitted to at-
tach the name of Napoleon to their own. — Ais-
mott's Napoleon B., vol. 1, ch. 31.
59, ADORATION, Human. Oreek Emperors.
The most lofty titles, and the most humble post-
ures, which devotion has applied to the Supreme
Being, have been prostituted by flattery and fear
to creatures of the same nature with ourselves.
The mode of adoration, of falling prostrate on the
ground, and kissing the feet oi thj emperor,
was borrowed by Diocletian from Persian servi-
tude ; but it was continued and aggravated till
the last age of the Greek monarchy. Excepting
only on Sundays, when it was waived, from a
motive of religious pride, this humiliating rev-
erence was exacted from all who entered the
, i
8
ADULATIoN-ADll/rKHV
royal prescin'c, from tlio prlncos Invented with
Iho dittdvin iind ptirplc, iind from the iuiil)ii>iNu-
dora who rei)rcHciit('d llu-ir iii(lc|(cndcnt Hover-
fixriH, the ciillpliM of AkIh, Kffvpl. or Mpiiin, tlic
Muf^H ut FriuKU! uiid Ilalv, uikI IIic Ijitincinpcr
orH of aiiciciit Home. — (JiiiiionV I{oMK, cIi. <li<.
60. ADULATION, Offloial. Of CharliH f. Tlic
hlonnnnt wordw witli wliich lin; liord Krcptr
Finch op<!n(!d tho F'urliununt |of l(W(»l ; " lli.>*
MuJesty'H kingly i(!soiiitionM luc wiitctl in llic
ark of niH wicrm l)n'iiHt, and it wcro ii prcNiinip-
llon of t<K) higii H niiliii(! for any Uzaih uncalh-d
to touch it; yet his Majcuty is now pleased to
iuy by t)ieHhiidn>r i)eainsof majesty, us Phd-lius
did to Piiiieton, tiial tlm distaiu'e between sover
eignty und subjetrtion sliould not bar you of timl
rtliul freedom of access to his person and coun-
sels." Hut tlie time bad come when this style
of I'ln^ruage was no loiifter to be endun^d by the
commoim. — Hood's (Jhomwkm,, ch. 1(1, p. 20!l.
61. ADVLATION rebnked. (H' Janun F.
S lames I., dining with Hishops Nelle and An-
rews, asked their opinion] whether he might
not (4ike his sublects' money witliotit the fuss of
Piirliamcnt V Neile replied, " Ood forbid you
should not, for you are the breath of our nos-
trils." Andrewshesitaled ; but the king insisted
upon an answer ; Ik; said : " Why, then, I think
your Majesty may lawfully take my brother
Ncile's money, for he oners it." — Knkiht's
Eng., vol. 3, ch. 3!5, p. i\M.
ea. ADULATION, Bidiculoai. lied Heard.
When Henry VIII. met Francis I. on the Field
of the Cloth of Gold in 1520, a Venetian observ-
er described tli' beard of Henry a.s "being
.somewhat red, ha-s at present the ai)pearance of
being gold." — Knioiit's Hist, of Eno., ch. 17.
63. ADULTEBT exooaed. Mdhoinet'ii. In his
adventuies with Zeinib, the wife of Zeid, and
with Mary, an Egyptian captive, the amorous
prophet forgot th(i interest of his reputation.
At the house of Zeid, his freedman and adopted
son, he beheld, in a loose undress, the beauty of
Zeinib, and burst forth into an ejaculation of
devotion and desire. The servile, or grateful,
freedman understood the hint, and yielded with-
(mt hesitation to the love of his benefactor.
But as the filial relation had excited some doid)t
and scandal, the angel Gabriel descended from
heaven to ratify the deed, to annul the adoption,
and gently to reprove; the prophet for distrusting
the indulgence of his God. One of his wives,
Ilafna, surprised him on her own bed, in the
embraces of his Egyptian captive ; she promised
secrecy and forgiveness ; he swore that he would
renounce the po8.session of Mary. Both parties
forgot their engagements ; and Gabriel again
descended with a chapter of the Koran, to ab-
solve him from his oath, and to exhort him
freely to enjoy bis captives and concubines,
without listening to the clamors of his wives.
In a solitary retreat of thirty days, be labored,
alone with Mar}', to fulfil the commands of the
angel. . . . Perhaps the incontinence of Ma-
homet may be palliated by the tradition of his
natural o" preternatiiral gift ; he miited the man-
ly virtue of thirty of the children of Adam ; and
the apostle might rival the thirteenth labor of
the Grecian Hercules, — Gibbon's Mahomet,
p. 56.
61. ADULTERY, Puniihment for. llinmn Iahh.
The edge <)f the Julian law was sharpened by
the incessant diligence of the emperors. Tho
licentious conuncrcc of the sexes mav be toler-
ated as an Impulse of nature, or forbidden iu< a
source of disorder and corruplicm ; but the
fame, the fortunes, tin; familv of the husband,
are si-riously injured by the aclultery of the wif«'.
The wisdom of Augustus, after curbing the
frcf'dom of revenge, applied to this domestic ol-
fence the animadversion of the laws; and the
guilty i)arties, after the payment of heavy for-
feitures and fines, were condemned to long or
perpi'tual exile in two separate islands.— Olii-
iioNH KoMK, ch. 44.
6A. ADULTEET, ShameleM. hjtfmth Cenlu-
ri/. Priiu'cs set the example. Charles VII. re-
ceived Agnes Horel as a pres<!nt from his wife's
mother, the old (iueen of Hicily ; and mothir,
wife, and ndstress, he takes them all with him
as h(! marches along the Loire, the happiest un-
derstanding subsisting between the threes. The
English, more serious, seek love in marriage
only. Gloucester marries Jac(iueline ; among
.Iac(iu(!line'8 ladies his regards fall on one equally
lovely and witty, and h»; marries her too. But
in this respect, as in all others, France and Eng-
land are far outstripiK'd by Flanders, by tho
Count of Flanders, bv the great Duke of Bur-
gundy. The legem! expressive of the Low
('ountrics is that of the; famous countess who
l)rought into the world three hundred and sixty-
five children. The princes of the hmd, without
going (piite so far, seem at the least to endeavor
to approa(!h her. A Count of Cloves has sixty-
three bastards. John of Burgundy, Bishop of
Cambrai, offl(;iates pontifically with bis thirty-
six bastards and sons of ba.stards miiustering
with him at the altar. Philippc-le-Bon had
only sixteen ba.stards, but he had no fewer than
twenty-seven wives, three lawful ones and twen-
ty-four mistresses. — AIichelet'b Joan ok Ah(;
p. 26.
66. ADULTEEY, Vengeance for. J<»/ni, XI [.
John . . . Xll. had the address to excite an insur-
re(!tion of the jieople, who dethroned his rival
Leo Vlll., and reinstated him in the pontifical
chair. But John did not live to enjoy his tri-
umph ; three days after his rein.statement he
met the reward of his crimes, and perished by
the hand of an indignant husband, who detectctl
him in the iirms of his wife. — Tytleu'b Hist.,
Book 6, ch. 4, p. 101.
67. ADULTEEY, Victim of. I'eredeim a Imdi-
hard Champion. [Rosamond, the Queen of
Italy, desired his assistance in a plot to assassi-
nate her royal husband,] but no more ihan a
promise of secrecy could be drawn from the
gallant Peredeus, and the mode of seduction
employed by Rosamond l)etrays lier shameless
insensibility both to honor and love. She suj)-
plied the place of one of her female attendanl.s
who was beloved by Peredeus, and contrived
some excuse for darkness and silence, till she
could inform her companion that he had enjoyed
the Queen of the Lombards, and that his own
death, or the death of Alboin [her royal hus-
band] must be the consequence of such treason-
able adultery. In this alternative he chose
rather to be the accomplice than the victim of
Rosamond, whose undaunted spirit was incapa-
ADVANCK— ADVKNTl.UK.
bleof ffftf or rciiKirw. — (liimr.N'H Drcmnk and
Fai.i,, «h. 45.
ON. ADVANCE by Battle. SfoWn Cumimign in
Mirin>. [Ill 1H47| (}<'M. 'rwi|;>{x. in coiiuiiHiul of
th<! Amcriciiii advance, set owl |froin V'cra('ni/.|
. . . on tlic Vith of (lie niontli [of April |.
Twi|(KH <'iini(^ upon Santa Anna, wiio, willi an
nrniv of Oftt'cn tliouNaiKi men, liad taitcn ])()s-
HCHHion of tlu! Iicii;lil^ and rocky pa.MH of (.'crro
Oordo. Tli(! poHilion, tliou>,'li Hccinin^'ly ini-
prttKintblc, must \w carried, or furtiicr a(lvaiu'c
VitiH iInpoHHlill(^ On tlu; niornin;; of tiie IHtli
tho American army was arranp'd for an aHsaull
widcli, accordin>^ to tlic rules of war, iirondscd
only (lisaHter and ruin. Hut. to troops of the
United Htates notldn^ now Hcenied too arduous,
no deed too full of jwril. Heforu noonday
every position of the Mexicans had been > uccess-
fully stormed and themselves driven in a pre-
cipitate roul. Nearly three thousand prisoner^
were t^iken, with forty-three pieces of bron/e ar-
tillery, five thousand nuiskets, and acicoutre-
ments enough to supply an army. The American
Josh amounted to four Imndred and thirty-one,
that of the enemy fidly a thousand. Santa
Anna escuvped with bis lif(i, l)ut left behind liis
{rivate papers and his woodru If/. — Hini'ATii's
IisT. OK U. S., ell. 57.
60. ADVANCE, Heroic, /itittlf of FonUnoi/.
A.I). 1745. Willianj of ("iimbcrland formed a
column of fourteen thousand Mritish infantry,
thirty or forty abreast ; aii<l with meiiHurecl
trean, regardless of every obstacle, undisnuiyed
by the cu.inonad(! left and riglit, which mowed
down their ranks, tliis terrible column strode on
tlirough tb(! enemy's lines, carrying all before
them. But where Avas their support ? A col-
umn of infantry, Avithout a horse, without a
gun, now reduced probabf^ to ten thousand,
could not win a battle against sixty tliou.sand,
miirely through the supremacy of physical
strength and moral endurance. Slowly the com-
{lact mass moved back, still fac'ing the enemy.
ts ranks were not broken, not a man lied.
tLoss about six thou.sand.l — Knkuit'h Hist, ok
iNO., ch. 7.
70. ADVANCE, Opportunity for an. Gen. Sfifr-
man'M March to (he Sen. [ Began November
14, 1864.] His army of veterans numbered
si.xty thousand men. Believing that Hood's
army would bo destroyed in Tenne.s.see, and
knowing that no Confederate force (;ould with-
stand him in front, be cut his comnnmieations
with the North, abandoned liis ba.se of supplies,
and stnick out boldly for the sea-coast, more
than two hundred and fifty miles away. As
bad been foreseen, the Confederates could offer
no successful resistance. . . . On the 10th of De-
cember he arrived in the vicinity of Savannah
... he had lost only five hundred and sixty
men. — Ridpatii'b Hist, ok U. S., ch. 66.
n. ADVANCE or suffer. Jiattle of OettyHhura.
I remember .seeing a general (Pettigrew, I think
it was) come up to him [Confederate General
Longstreet] and report that " he was unable to
bring his men up again" [to charge the Feder-
als]. Longstreet turned upon him and replied,
with some sarcasm : " Very irdl ; never mind,
then, Oeneral ; just let them remain where they
are; the enemy's going to advance, and will spare
yau tfie trouble." [British officer's diary, quoted
In,]— Poi.t.Ann's Skcond Vkau ok tiir Wak,
p. il54.
7*i. ADVENT MMonable, The. .Xndfd—Iimdi/.
X thorough acquaintance with the hlHtory of the
world and the state of mankind at the time of
our Saviour's birlh has led the wisest and most
enliglitened inquirers to conclude lliiit the .\l-
inlghty, having desigiK'd to illuminate the world
by a revelation, there was no period at which it
was more certainly recpiired than that in which
it was actually sent ; nor could any concurren«'e
of circumstances have been more favorable for
its extensive (lis.semiiiat ion than that which took
place at tlu; time of our Saviour's mission. A
great part of tin- known world was at this time
under the dominion of thi! Uoinans, and subject
to all thosi^ grievances which are the inc^vitable
result of a system of arbitrary jxiwer. Yet this
circuinstanc(; of the union of so many nations
into one great empire was of consi(htrable ad-
vantage for th(! propagation and advancement
of Clirislianity. — Tvti.kii'h I'nivkuhai. Hist.,
Book 5, ch. 4.
73. ADVENTUBE, Courageoui. War for (/«•
('Dion. The control of Allicmarle Sound had
been secured by a daring exploit of Lieuti^nant
Cuehing, of the Federal Navy. These waters
were coiniuandcd by a tremendous iron ram
called the Albemarle. In order to destroy th<^
dreaded vessel, a numl)er of daring voluntciiirs,
led by (Jushing, embarked on a smidl steamer,
and on the night of the 27tb of October [18641
entered tin; Roanoke. Thi! ram was discovered
lying at the harbor of Plymouth. Cautiously
approaching, W\v lieutenant, with bis own
hands, sank a terrible torjiedo under the con-
federate ship, exploded it, and left the ram in
ruin. The adventure! cost the lives or capture
of all of Cushing's party except liimsclf iiiid
one other, whf> escaped. — HiDi'A'rn's Ilisr. or
r. S., eh. 6fi.
74. ADVENTUBE, Daring. Naixikon T. [Hav-
ing escaped from his exile at Klba, his little
army arrived near (Cannes.] In the course of a
few lioui-s this escort of six hundred men, with
two or three small pieces of cannon, were safely
landed. . . . They were about to march seven
hundred miles, through a kingdom containing
thirty millions of inhabitants, to capture the
strongest capitid in Europe. . . . .Vn army of
nearly two hundred thousand men, under Bour-
bon leaders, were stationed in imjiregnable for-
tresses 1)y the way. — Abbott's Nai'oi,kon B.,
vol. 2, ch. 24.
75. AD'VENTURE, Passion for. Conquest of
Florida. Adventurers as.sembled as volunteers,
many of them people of noble birth and good
estates. Houses and vineyards, lands and till-
age, and rows of olive trees in tins AJarrafe of
Seville were sold, as in the times ot the cru-
sades, to obtain the nuans of militarj- equii>-
ments. . . . Many . . . who had sold estates for
their equipments were obliged to remain be-
hind. — Banckokt's Hist, ok U. S., ch. 2.
76. AD'VENTUKE, Primitive, (leorge Wash-
ington. [Washington's return from a confer-
ence with the French commander St. Pierre, at
Le Bceuf, near Lake Erie. a.d. 1753.] It was
now the dead of winter. . . . AVith [Christopher]
Gist [the guide] as his mAc companion, he left the
river, and struck into the woods. It was one of
11 \'i
. %
I
i-1!l,
I"
10
ADVKNTl UK— AI>VKU.MITV
iLu niOHt Holititry inurchi-N <>vfr niuilc by iiiiiii.
Th(!rf!, in tlii> <irM>lHt<> wildfriicMM, uiut the future
I'riMiderit of the U. H. Cluil in tli<* rolic nf an
liuiiun, with ^iin in liimd, aii<i i<iiii|>Niu'k Mrap-
|MKi U) liiM NlioiihicrH ; NlniK^lin^ lliriiii^li iiittr-
niinubh) HnowN ; Hlfcpiiif; \killi frn/.in rJotlicM on
II IhmI of iiinc-liruNli ; lircukiii^^ tliroii^li (lie
lr(!tu:)i«;r(>iiHii'(! of rupiil Htrciinis ; friiidcd liv dav
l)y a |HM;i(i!t coiniiiiMX, and at ni^lil l>y ll><' North
SUir, iM'cn lit inlcrvalM thrmi^jh the halh-ns tirt's ;
rtn.il ut liy a prowlln;; savajri- from his covert
nut flfUtfin HlepH away ; llirown from a raft into
tlio ruHhin/f Allef;liaiiy ; eseaiiin^ to an island
and loii^n^ tliere unlll tlie river was fro/en
oyer; pliinKin;r ai;ain into iIm> forcHt ; reacldni;
UlHt'H Mtttlement and tlien llie Potonnie — tlie
Htron^-lindKui and)aHN4idor camt liaeli witliout a
wound or wuir to tlie capital of Virginia.— l{ii>-
I'atm'h Hiht. U. H.. ch. )«).
77. ADYENTVBE, Spirit of. S/r William Par-
rij. In 1817, in a letter to an intimate friend,
lift Impponed to write a piod deal alioiit an e\-
(Htdition, then much talked of, for exploring the
river (Jon^^o, in Africa, and expresMcd a stronj?
diiHirn to make out! of the party. When the let-
ter wiw (lidHhed, hut before it waH i)Ut in the
|M>Ht-onic(;, IiIh eye fell upon a parairraph in the
n(!WNpa|M!r, Htatinf^ that the ffoverninent were
about to (tend ves.sels in (lucst of a passage round
tlie Nortliern coast of North America wliich
would Hhorten the voyap* from I<^ni;land to
India from Hixteen thouHand miles to altout seven
thouMund. Parry reopened lii.s letter, and, men-
tioning tlio paragraph, concluded a short i>ost-
twTipt with these words : " iiot or cold is all one
to mo — Afri(!a or the I'ole. " ills <'orr<'Hpondent
showed this hitter to a friend, who wiw the man
in ICn^land most <Ievote«l to the project in <|ues-
tion — Mr. Harrow, Hccretary to the admiralty.
Witliia a week from that time Lieutenant I'airy
wiiM thrown into an eostiusy of astonishment an!!
<leli^ht by nceivinj; the appointment to com-
mand ono of the two sliips iireparing for the en-
torpriae. — Cyci.oi'kdia ok Mioo., p. 380,
TS. ASVENTUBER, A bom. Heriumdo Cor-
lee. In tho year ITiOS, at the small country town
•f Mcdellin, in Bpaiii, there lived an idle, disso-
lute youth of seventeen, who was the torment
of his parents and the leader of all the nu.schief
going in that neighborhood. . . . Having left
tlie college of 8alamanca without pernu.ssion,
[ he^ was passing his time in love intrigues and
uiasipation, regardless of the remonstrances of
bis father and mother. When, therefore, he
declared his intention of joiinng an expedition
about to sail for America, tlut good jx-ople of
Mcdellin, especially those who had daughters,
were not sorry to hear It. . . . No career attract-
ed him, except one of adventure in the New
World, which liad been discovered ten years
iKifore. — Cy("i.oi'K1)i.\ OF Hioa., p. 317.
79. ASVENTXTBERS disappointed. T/imhrir
ilve Ostrogoth. [He attempted the conquest of
Italy.] As he advanced into Thrace [Theodo-
ric] found an inhospitable solitude, and his
Gothic followers, with a lieavy train of horses,
of mules, and of wagons, were betrayed by their
ffuidcs among the rocks and precipices of Mount
Sondia, where he was assjiulted by the arms and
invectives of [another] Theodoric, the .son of
Triarius. From a neighboring height his art-
ful rival harangtied the cam|> of the WiUnmir*,
and branded their leader with the opprobricux
names of child, of madinan, of perjured traitor,
till' enemy of his blood and nation. " Are you
ignorant, exclaimed the son of Triarius, "that
it is the constant policy of tin- Koinans to destroy
the (Jotlis by each other's svvonls ? Are you in
seinible that the victor in this unnatural contest
will be exposed, and Justly exposed, to tlmir im-
placable revenge ? Where an those warriors,
my kinsmen and thy own, whose widows now
lainent that their lives were sacrillced to thy rash
ainliilion V Where is tlie wealth which thy sol-
diers possessed when they were first alhire<l from
their native homes to enlist under thy standard 1
lOach of them was then master of three or four
horses; thi'V now follow thee on fiMit, like
slaves, through the deserts of Thrace ; tlKW'C men
who were tempted by the hope of nu'iisuring
gold with a bushel, those brave men who are as
free and as noble as thyself." A language so
well suited to tlie temper of the Ooths excited
clamor anil discontent ; and the son of The<Hh'-
mir, iipprchi'iisive of being left alone, was com-
pelled to embrace his brethren, and to imilwite
the example of Roman perfidy. — (Iihim/N's
llo.Mi;. ch. 31».
WO. ADVENTUEE8, Numerotu. ('ai>t. J.ihn
Smith. The new president, though not thirty
years of age, was a veteran in every kind of
Valuable human experience. Horn an Knglish
man ; trained as a soldier in the wars of Holland;
a traveller in France, Italy, and Kgypt ; agidn a
soldier in Hungary ; captured by the Turks and
sold as a slave; sent from Constantinople to
a prison in the Crimea; killing a taskmaster
wlio beat him, and then escaping through the
woods of Uussiato Western Ktirope ; going with
an army of adventurers against Morocco ; finally
returning to Kngland and joining tho London
Company (afterward rescuing tlie colony in
Virginia], .John Smith was altogether tho most
noted nuin in the early history of Americji. —
ItlUI'ATIl'M HlSTOUV OK U. S., cli. 9.
61. ADVEBSITY, Beneflti of. Bnuyaninlietl
ford.ltiil. Hunyan's confinoment . . . was otlier-
wise of inestimable value to him. It gave him
leisure to read and reflect. Though \w preaduMl
often, yet there mu.st have been intervals, i)er-
liaps long intervals, of compulsory sileiuie. The
ex(;itement of i)erpetual speinh-making is fatal to
the exercise of the higher (jualities. The piTiods
of calm enabled him to discover powers in
himself of which he might otherwi.se liave never
known the existence. Of books he had but
few ; for a time only the Hilile and Fox's " Mar-
tyrs. " But tlie Hible thoroughly known is a litctr-
ature of it.self — tlic; rarest and richest in all
departments of thought or imagination which
exists. — Fiioinio's Hi nyan, ch. (I.
M'i. ADVEBSITT deplored, Sudden. Gluirlen
of Aiijoii. [lie experienced a reversid of his
good fortune by the revolt in yicily.] In tiie first
agony of grief and devotion, he was lieard to
exclaim, " O God ! if Thou ha.st decreed to
humble me, grant me at least a gentle and
gradual descent from tlu! pinnacle of greatn&ss !"
— Giiuion's lloMi:, ch. 62.
§3. ADVEBSITY, Eminence by. A. Lincoln.
He had i)lenty of employment as a surveyor, and
won a good reputation in this new line of busi-
II
ADVKItHITY
ii
iu«M ; but tlio flniiiiciitl itiimIi of IH:I7 dcHtroyiMl
IiIh ttiMiiifHH, itiid IiIm ltiHlninii>ri(H w<tc llniilly
sold under it hIiitIITn (•xr<-uti<iii. TIiIn rcvi'rw
UKuIn thi'cw him hiuk iiilo politiciil life, uiid, iim
tlirlHwt |)rt>|)aritti(>n for It, lie vl^firoiiNly jxirMucd
liiH \vni\\ NtudicH. jilt' had prfvioiiHly ritllcd iih
u coiuitry Htorc krcJM'r. IIIhkoimIm wvw \umnUt
on cn-dlt.] — Uaymond'h Lincoln, rli, 1, p. 2«.
N4. ADVEUITT, Inttruoted by. FrxUrirk V.
[KI"(:tor I'uliitliicof till llolii'Miiiins. I Krcdcriik
wiui m-hUm! Ill liihlf ill Prague, wliilc IiIm army wax
MiiiH (Mil lo pii-ccs. ... A mcHM-iifrCcr Hiiminoiii'd
him from talilc to hIiow him from tlic wiiIIn tin-
wholo fri>;lilfiii Hct'iir. lie n>(|Ut>Htcd a ccHHa
;ion of iioNtllitI 'N for Iwcnty-foiir liourH for dc
ilMTiktion ; hut d^ht wiim all Ui(> Duki; of
Maviiria would allow him Frederick availed
bimm^lf of thcHe to My liy iii^ht from the capital,
with his v'ife and tiie chief oflleerH of IiIh army.
TIiIh tlifrht wax ho hurried that the Prince of
Anlialt left iH^hind liiin IiIh inoHt privati- papc^H,
and Frederick IiIh crown. " I know now what
I lun," Haid IIiIh unfortunate prince tothoHc who
<'ndeavored to comfort him ; " then^ an^ virtiieH
which mitifortune only can teach iih, and it in in
adverHity alone that priiucH learn lokiiow tlii^m
wilveH." — TiiniTY Ykauh' Wak, ^ 1!J8.
MA. ADVER8ITT, Leiioni of. .V/Vy/^ of Home by
the (loOut. In the lant inoiitliH of ilu; niege tlie
people were exponed to the miserieH of Hcareity,
iinwiiolesome fo<Ml. and contaffioun diHordcrn.
Belisarius saw and pitiid their HiifleringH; but he
liad foreseen, and lie watched the decay of their
loyalty, and th(! prof^resH of their diwontent.
AdverHity bud awakened tli(! Uomuns from tlie
<lrenmH of grandeur and freedom, and taught
them tlie humiliating IcHHon ■, tliat it wan of
HPiall moment to thmr real lia.pineHH whether
tlie name of their miiHter wiih (lerived from the
Gothic orthe Jititin language. — Oihhon'h Romk,
ch. 41.
S6. ADY2B8ITT, Manhood through. NirJIiim-
phrv Davy. T\w death of his father, an in-
telligent, Rneculative man, who left hiH alTairH
in great dmorder, connigned hifl mother to a
milliner's shop, and changed him from a hcIiooI-
t)oy into an apothecary's apprentice. A shade
of seriousness gathercil over him. He had be-
come a man. His private not«'-l)ook8 of the first
two years of his ai)preiiticeHliip have been pre-
Kervcd, and they show us, that when his day's
work of compounding drugs was done, and in
the morning before it begun, he was a hard
student. He went through a completer (;oiirse
of arithmetic, algebra, geomcitry, and trigonom-
etry, besides reading the metaphysical works
of-Locke, Hartley, ncrkeley, Hume, Helvetius,
C!ondorcet, and Reid. He also learned the
French language. — (Cyclopedia ok Bioo.,
p. ;W2.
ST. ADVERSITY, National. Reign of Ed-
inird III. Only fourteen years had gone by
since the treaty of Breti^'ny raised England to a
leigbt of glory such as it had never known be-
fore. But the years bad been years of a shame
and suflfering which stung the people to mad-
ness. Never bad England fallen so low. Her
conquests were lost, her shores insulted, her com-
merce swept from the seas. Within she was
drained by the taxation and bloodshed of the
war. Its popularity had wholly died away.
When the coininonH where asked in i:iA4 whether
they would itHM4>nt to a treaty of per|H-tuul |Nince
!f they might have it, " the said commoiM re
sponded all, and altogether, ' Ves, yes I ' " Thn
io|>iiliitioii was thinned Ir- the ravages of peHti
eiice, for till litdi), whicli*Naw its last visltaliun,
the black dealli returned again and again. —
HiHT. OK Kn(i. I'koi-i.k, 55 :jntt.
MM. ADVXRSITT ovarnilod. Mli W/iitiu^y.
KM Whitney was a young MaNMK'liuwtU Yan-
kee, who had come to (ieorgia to leach, and,
having been taken sick, had been inviu'<l by
this hospitable lady to reside in her lioiiHe till
he should recover. He was the .son of a ixMtr
fariiKT, and had worked his way through luillege
without assistance— as Vaiikee boys ofUin do
From early boyhood he hud exbibiteil wonder
fill skill in mecliiini<-s, and in college be uw«i to
repair tlii! pliilosophicai apparatus with remark
able nicety — to the great admiration of pro
fessors and students. During his rcHidence with
Mrn. Oreeiie he had made for her an ingenious
tambour frame, on a new principle, as well us
many curious toys for her ( hildreii. Hence her
advice ; " Apply to my young friend, Mr.
Whitney ; /w can make anything." |He tliere
invented tlie cotton gin machine. ] — C'YCi.orKni a
OK Miog., p. MM).
M9. ADVER8ITT preoedM Suoceu. ISnumr
the TaiUir. |In his twenty-fifth year he sIcmmI
forth astliedeliv(!r(!rof his country.] The chiefs
of the law and of the army had pledged thi>ir
salvation to support him with their livex and
fortunes ; but in tlu; hour of danger they were
silent and afraid ; and, after waitings<!ven days
on the hills of Hamarcand, he retrea'Ki lo me
desert with only sixty horsemen. The fugitives
were overtaken by a thousand Oet(!s, whom he
repulsed with incredible slaughter, and his
enemies were forced to exclaim, " Tiinour is a
wonderful man : fortuiu; and the Divine favor
are with him." But in this bloody :i(;tion his
own followers were reduced to ten, a numl>er
which was soon diminished by the de>W!rtion of
three (^iri/inians. He wandered in the dttwrt
with his wife, seven companions, and four
horses ; and sixty -two days was he plunged in ii
loathsouKt dungeon, from whence he «!8cap<Hl by
his own courage and the remorse of the oppress-
or. [Greatmsss followed.] — Gihhon'h Homk.
cb. 65.
00. ABVERSITT, Stragsle with. "An old
Strngtilt'r." When be [Sir Walter Scott] was in
Ireland ... a poor woman who had offered to
.sell him gooseberries, but whose offer had not
been acceptwl, remarked, on seeing his daughter
give some pciuce to a beggar, that they might us
well give her an alms, too, as she was " an old
struggler." Sir Walter was struck with the ex
pression, and said tiwit it deserved to become
da.ssical, as a name for those who titke unarms
against a sea of troubles, instead of yiekf'ng lo
the waves. — Hutton'h Scott, ch. 1.5.
01. ADVERSITY a Tonic. tHr W. Scott. [He
lost a gnfat property, was fearfully in debt, and
his family di8tress<!d.] On the 22d he says :
" I feel neither dishonored nor broken down bv
tli(! bad, now truly liad, news I have received.
I have walked my last in the domains I have
planted — sat the last time in the balls I have
built. But death would have taken them from
I
Vi
AKVKUSITV ADVICK
iiK', if iiiisrortuiH' liiiil Mpunil llitrn My |HMir
|M>o|)l<- wliiiiii I |iivi'<l NO wfll ' Tht-ri' Im JiinI
unothcr )lli> to turn up iiKiiinxt nic in tliU run of
111 luck, / f , if I NlioMJiriirnik tiiy miiikIc wiiml
In the full fnitn this i'l<-pliiinl, itnil low my
IN)piiliirity with Miy fortune. Tlicn H'«<.»f/W<«/t:
niul Ihiuji" (liiHlifeof Napoleon I " rimy liolli^o
to the paper maker, anil I may take to NuiokinK
rlKitrs anil ilrinkinK K^oK. <>■* '■><'ii ilevolee ami
intoxleate tlie Imtin another way." lie ailils
tliul when ltd NetH to work ilo^fceilly, he Ih ex
aetiv the winwi man he ever waH, " neither low
Mpirlted nor ilutniit" — nay, that adverHitv Ih to
hlin "a tonle unti hraeer." |Hee Noh. iVj anil
IM. I — Ml tton'k Scott, eh. I."!.
Oil. ADVXBSTTT, Una/Ttotad bjr. Sir W. Srott.
I lie hail iH'ciime a liankrupt hy laviHh ex-
tHinditureH on IiIh caMtie, etc. | The lieavleHt
ilow waH, I think, the lilow to his priile. Very
etirly he iH-ifinM to note painfully the ilifTereiit
wiiy in which ililTerent frIenilH /frei't him, to
remark that Hotne Nmile aH if to Hay, "think
nothing about it, my hul, it In ipiite out of our
thoiiKhtH ; " that otherH adopt an alTecteil f^rnv
Ity, " Huch HHonct Het'Mandilespl.scMat a funeral,"
and the hcHt hred " JuMt Hhook hanilH and went
on." lie wrifeH to Mr. Morritt with a nrouil
IndlfTerence, clearly to nome extent Hinuilateil ;
" My wonienkind will he the j^rea'cr sutTer-
ern, y(!t even they look clie(!rlly ; and, for my
Hclf, the l)li)wln>f off of my hat on a stormy
day luiH >?iven me more uneasincHH." To Jjaily
Davy he wrifcM truly enouith : " I hc^ my
humblest ci>m|)limi'ntH to HJr Humphry, and
t(;ll him. III liUck, that direful chemist, never
put Into his crucible a more Indissoluble i)lece
of Httiff than your affecalonate cousin and :'iin-
cere well-wisher, Walter Heott." [Hee Nos. Wl
and 04.] — IIitton's Hcott, eh. 15.
93. ADVSBSITY utiliied. /jiffur huUkn in
Warthiirfi Ciutlc. Not lonjj had h«! been on the
burg when he occupied himse'f with the trans
latlon of the .Scriptures, as well r.s with other
writings. In a few weeks several works were
ready for the ])ress. A tri iti.se " About Con-
fesslon, and whether the Pope is entitled to
command thi; same." he dedicated to his par
tlcular friend and firm patron, Francisco von
Sicklng(!n. Hesides commenting upon selected
portions of Holy Scrii)ture inlendeil to instruct,
comfort, and edify ('hristian people. Luther
'lit out many a heavy controversial article from
•heWartburg. — Hkin's IjHTiikh, ch. 10.
94. ADVEB8ITT, Victim of. Sir W. S<-ott.
As Scott had always forestalled his in-
I'omc — fljK'nding the purchase-money of his
pocma and novels before they were written —
such a failure as this, at the age of (Ifty-tive,
when all the freshness of his youth was gone
out of him, when he saw his son's prosjx'cls
blighted as well as his own. and knew perfectly
that James Hallantyne, unassisted by hini,
lould never hope to pay any fraction of the
debt worth mentioning, woulil have been i)ara-
lyzing, had he not been a man of iron nerve,
and of a pride and coi rage hardly everemialled.
Domestic calamity, too, was not far oft. For
two years he had been watching the failure of
his wife's health with increasing anxiety, and
as calamities seldom come single, her illness
took a most serious fonn at the very time when
the blow fell, and mIic died \ Ithin four monliiM
of the failure. Nay, Scott was hiniM'lf unwell
at the critical moment, and was taking M«'<la
tlves whicli ilis4oinposed his brain. |HiH) Nos.
IM and »V! I III tton •> Sioit, ch. 15.
9A. AOVKRIITY In War. SiHirtati*. The
Spartans raised two consiilerabfe arinleH, and
commenced ho.Hiilliies liy entering the Uirrilory
of Phocls. Tiny were ilefeiiled ; Lysander,
one of their generals, being killed in battle, and
I'aiisaniaH, the other, coniliinned to death for
his misconduct. Much about the same time
the Persian Heel umler the coininanil of Conon
vani|uished that of Sparta, near CnliloH, a city
of ('aria This (iefeul deprived the Lacedii'mo
niaiiH of the command of the sea. Their allies
took the opportunity of tliis turn of affairs to
throw olT their yoke, and Spuria, almost In a
single campaign", saw herself without allies,
without i)ower, and without lesoiirceH. The
reverse ot fortune experienced by this republic
was truly remarkable. Twenty years had not
elapsed "since slie was absolute ndstress of
(ireece. and held the whole of her states either
as tributaries or allies, who found it their high-
est interest to court her favor and protection.
So changed was her present situation, that the
most inconsiderable ot the states of Pelopon-
nesus spurned at her authority, and left her
singly to oppose the united power of Persia and
the league of (Jreece. — ILniv KiiSAi. Histohv,
TvTi-KU, ch. 2 llook 'i.
96. ADVERTIS£MBNT8, 8i netimonioiu. Uiili-
niltd. Advertisements in magazines aiuiounc-
ing an eligible residence in a neighborhood
where the gospel is i)reached In three places
within half a mile ; and of a serious man-ser-
vant wanted who can shave : such announce-
ments as thcMi^ were new and strange objeirts of
ridicule in IHOH. -Kniiiiit's Kno., vol. H, ch. 7.
97. ADVICE diidalned. linKldork'H I)ffe((t.
A select force of live liuiidred men was thrown
forward to open the roads in the direction of
Fort I)u tiucsne. . . . The army, marching in a
slender column, was extended for four nules
along the narrow and broken road. It was in
vain that Washington pointed out the danger
of ambuscades and suggested the eni))loymeiil
of scoutiiig-parfies. Hraddock was self-willed,
arrogant, and proud ; thoroughly skilled in the
tactics of Kuropean warfare, he could not bear
to be advised by an inferior. The .sagacious
Franklin had aiJvised him to move with cau-
tion ; but he only replied that it was iini)ossible
for .savages to make any iini)reHsion on his
Majesty's regulars. Now, when Washington
ventured to repent the advice, Hraddock tlew
into a |)assion, strode up and down in his tent,
and said that it was high limes when Col.
Buckskin could teach a IJritisli general how to
tight. [The army was surprised and nearly dc
slroyed by the French and Indians. The
general was .severely wounded, and the troojis
thrown into a panic] " What shall we do now,
colonel ■/" said he to Wiishington. . . . " Uctrent,
sir — retreat bv all means, " — Hidp.vtii'h Hist.
IJ. S.. ch. :$l."^
9S. ASVICE ignored. lii/ h'iiir/ Janrn IT.
Clarendon fthe Lord Lieutenant of Ireland]
was soon informed, by a concise despatch from
Sunderland, that it had been resolved 1o make
ADVICK— AFFEtTION.
i:i
williotit <lflay a iiiiii|ili'ti cliun^f in lioili iIm'
civil liiiii till' tiiililiiry K<.vi'rniiiciii of lirliiii<i,
anil Ui l)ritii( ii lar^r iiunilxT nf Kninaii ('allio
lii'H iriHlitiilly lull) onicr IIIm MajrNly, it xNan
iniml uiiKra<'ii>UH|y ailtinl, liail taltcii ciiiiiihi'I (in
llifM<< niattrt-M with iMTMoMH innrr t-oniiirirnl In
iiiiviM! him tlnin IiIm IncxiDrirnci'ii Inni licitlcn
ant fould ixmKllily lir. — >I,\«ai!|.av'h IIiht. ok
Knu., «!li, «1.
90. ADVIOI, Ill-timad. A. IahcMh. |H(>ni<-
VVi'Nii-rn f(('nllt'nii'ii were cxcitt'il alxnil tiicconi
mlHMionH anil uniinMiu.is of ilic AilniiniNtration, |
" Oi'ntlrrnrn, NiippoHr all llir luniMilv you wiTi'
worth waH in Kold, and you liait put it in tlir
liantlH of lilontlin to carry arnms liii' NiaKora
Kivcr on a ropr, vvoulil you NJukld- tlu- ralilr, or
lii'cp Hlioulin^ to liini — ' lilondin, Hianil up a
llttit! Hlrai^liti-r — llloniiin, Htonp a litlli* niori' —
>;o a iilllt' faHlcr— lian a lilllr niori' to tlir north
— lean a little inori- lo thi' south ' V No, you
woulii iioiil your breath, as well asyour ton^ix'.
. . . Thi* i(ovi-rnnii'nt arr nuryinK mi iniinciisi'
wfiKht. Untold trcaHurcs arc in their hands.
They are doiiiK the very lust tliey can. Don't
Imiiffer llicin." — Uavmomi'h Lincoln, p. 75!J.
100. ADVIOE, Legacy of. liy AufiUMtuii to
the li(»naim. On the dcatli of that einp<'ror, ids
testanu;iit was puliiicly read in I lie senate, lie
lM-i|U(!alhed, as a valuable legacy to his success
ors, the advice of conOniiiK the einpiri! within
tliose liinitH which nature seemed to have placed
as its iHTinanent liulwari<s and lioundaries : on
tlie W(;st, tile Atlantic Ocean ; the Uldne and
Danube on the north ; the Euphrates nn tlic
east ; and toward the soulii, tlie sandv deserts
of Arabia and Africa. . . . I Ii»pi)ily for tlierepo.se
of iimnkind, the moderate system recommended
liy the wisdom of Aiikh^Ii'm was ado|)ted by
I lie fears and vices of his immediate successors.
— Giiiiion'h Ho.mk, ch. 1.
101. ADVOCATE, A p«rMnal. Mot by Piwi/.
I An old legionary asked AugustiiH to assist him
in u (uiUHc whicdi was about to be tried. Au-
gustus deputed one of his friends to speak for
the veteran, who, however, repudiated the vica-
riouH patron :J "It was not l)y j)roxy that I
fought for you at the battle of Aetium," Au-
gustuH acknowledged the obligation, and pleaded
the cause in i)erKon.
lOa. JESTHETICI8M, Brutality of. ahidiatorx.
The F^anistip, whose business it was to instruct
thcst! gladiators in their profession, taught them
not only the use of their arms, biit likewi.se the
most graceful postures of falling and the finest
attitudes of dying in. The food. . . prestTibed to
them was ui such a nature as to enrich and
thi(;ken the blood, so that it might tlow more
leisurely through their wounds, and thus the
spectators miglil be the longer gratitied with
the sight of their agonies. . . . [They took the fol-
lowing oath :J " We swear that we will sutler
ourselves to be bound, scourged, burned, or
killed by the sword, or whatever Eumolpus or-
ilains, and thus, like freeborn gladiators, we re-
ligiously devote both our soul and our liody to
our master." — Tyti.kk's Hist., Book 4, ch. 4.
103. £STH£TICIBM,BeaUitic. RoimuK [Ne-
ro's reign. ] The specitic atrocity of such spec-
tacles — unknown to the earlier ages whi(dr
they called barbarous — was due to the cold-
bliMMleil HcKlshneHs. the hideous realism of a tv
lined, delicate, a'slhelic age. To pleikM- lhetM>
" lisping hawlhorn buds," these debauched anil
sanguinary dandies, Art, forsooth, must know
notliing of iiioralily ; muNi aciept luid rejoice
in a " healthy animalism ;" must cMiiniale life
by the mimber of it> few wildesl pulsations ;
must reckon that life Is worthless wlihnul the
most thrilling experiences of horror or delight !
Comedy must be actual sh'tine, and tragedy
genuine blooilMhed. When the play of Afranius
called "The Contlagration " was put on the
stage, a house must be really burnt, and its fur-
niture really plundered. In the mime called
" l.aurcolus," an actor must really be crucitled
and mangled by a bear, and really tiing hitns4>ir
down and deluge the stage with lilooil. When
the heroism of Mucins Hca-vola was represented,
a real criininai must thrust his hand without a
groan into the (lame, and stand motioidess while
it is being burnt. I'ronielheiis niusi be really
chained to his rock, and Dirce in very fact be
lossed and gored by llie wild bull ; and Orpheus
be torn to pieces by a real bear ; lUid Icarus
nuist really lly, even though he fall and be
dashed lo tleath ; and Hercules must ascend the
funeral pyre, and there be veritably burnt alive ;
and slaves and criminals nuist iilay their parts
heroically in gold and purple till tli' llatnes en-
velop Ihi'in. It was the ultinnitc onukiicttof a
degraded and brutali/.ed sociiety. — Fauuak'h
Kaui.v Davh, p. 40.
lO'l. AFFECTION, Conjugal, .tonephiw. [The
night following Hie execution of the deed of
divorce, .losepldne approached with hcHitalion
the bed and th<! spouse from whence she had been
ejected. I Forgetting everything in the fulnesH
of her anguish, she threw herself upon the Ix'd,
clas|M>d Napoleon's neck in her arms, and ex-
claiming, " My husband I my husband !" sobbed
as though her'heart were breaking. The Impe-
rial spirit of Napoleon was entirely vaiupiished.
lie also wept convulsively. lie assureil Jose-
nhine of his love — of his ardent, undying love,
lit was their last private Interview.] — Ahuott'h
Natolkon B. , vol. a, ch. 10.
10ft. . Aiiilrew .liiekmii. The peo
pie of Nashville, proud of the success of their
favorite, resolved to celebrate! the event by
a great banquet on the 22d of December, the
anniversary of the day on which the general
had first defeated the British below New
Orleans. . . . Six days before thc! day appoint-
ed for the celebration, Mrs. Jairkson . . . sud-
denly shrieked, placed her hands upon her
heart, sunk upon a chair. . . . For the space of
sixty hours she suffered extrtime agony. . . .
She recovered tlu; use of her tongue ... to
implore . . . her exhausted husband to recruit
his strengtli for the bamiuel. He would not
leave her, but lay upon the sofa and slept a
little. The eveiung of the 22d she appear-
ed so much better that the general consent-
ed, after much persuasion, to sleep in the next
room. When he had been gone five minutes . . .
Mrs. Jackson gave a loud, inarticulate cry,
which was immediately followed by the death-
rattle in her throat. All ni^ht long he sat in
the room, occasionally looking into her face,
and feeling if there was any pulsation in her
heart. Tlie next morning, when one of his
w
. \:
1
'Ml
14
AKKKCTION.
fricndfl iirrived juHt iM^fc^re duyli/^ht, lit- wus
inMirly H|MTchl('8H iind titUfrly inconHoliiblc, look-
inj? twenty years older. Tbt-re wuh no hiuujiul
Hmt day in NiiHlivillc. . . . Andrew JiickHoii
wiw never the sjiine niun iipdn. — ('y<i,()I'KI)I.\
ftv Hioci., |). 5:W.
I06. ATPECTION, Deititnte of. FuU: thr
Blar/c. H(! wits without natiiriil iiffection. In
hJH youth lie liurned a wife lit the Ht^ike, and
lefjeiid told how he let. her to her doom decked
out ill Ills piyesl attire. In his old ii^e he wiif.;ed
his Ititterest war against his son, ii'id exiiefx'd
from him when van(|iiished a hunuliation which
men nwerved for die deadliest of their foes,
"You an^ coiuiucTcd, you are t;()ii((uered ! "
Hhoutx;d the old man in tic ce exultation, as
Q'M)fIry, hri(;..d and saddled like a l)east of
burden, crawled for nardon to his father's feet.
In Fulk first ajipeared that low type of supt rsti-
tion which .stnrtled even superstitious a'.^es in
the early Flantagenets. Robber as Ikj whs of
church lands, and contemptutMis of ecclesiasti-
cal ctm.sures, the fear of the end o' the world
drovn Fulk to the holy sepulchre. Ban-foot
and with th( strokes of the scourge falling heav-
ily on his shoulders, tin; count had himself
dragged by a halter through the streets of Jeru-
salem, an(l (lourted Uie doom of martyrdom ))y
his wild outcries of peiiit(!nce. lie rewarded the
fidelity of Herbert of Le Mans, whose aid saved
him from utter ruin, by entrapping him into
(jnptivity and robbing him of his lands. He se-
curtnl the terrified friendship of the French king
by despatching twelve assa.ssins to cut down be-
fore his eyes the minister who had troubled it.
Familiar as the ag(! was with tn^ason and rai)ine
and blood, it recoiled from lh<! cool cynicism of
his crimes, and lielieved the wrath of heaven to
have been revcded against the union of the
worst forms of evil in Fulk tlu^ Black. liut
neither tlie wrath of heaven nor the cur.ses of
men broke with a single mishap the fifty years
of his success. — IlKvr. or Eno. Fkoim.k, 5; 123.
lOr. AFFECTION, Display of. (^onj>i;/,d. [Ca-
to the Censor] expelled Manlius, a senator,
whom the general opinion had marked out for
Consul, because he h.id given his wife a kiss in
the diiy-tiine, in the sight of his daughter.
"For his own i)art, " he said, "his wife never
embraced him but when it thundered dread-
fully," adding, by way of joke, "That he was
happy when Jupiter pieasecl to thunder." — Pi.i-
TAKCII.
I09. AFFECTION, Enduring. Sir fmiw Snr-
ton. The beautiful daughter of a physician,
who resided near his selioo', won his l)oyisii
aiTections, and he paid court to her by making
dolla and doll-furniture for her. His affection
wius returned by the young lady, and nothing
prevented their early marriage but Neuton's
lM)verty. . . . When at length he was in better
circumstaiK I -i, the object of his youthful love
was married, and he himself was wedded to
science. Never, however, did he return to the
home of his fathers without visiting the laily ;
and when both had reached four.s<()re he hiul
the pleasure of relieving the necessities of her
old age. — Pahton'h Srii I. Nkwton, p. 86.
109. AFFECTION, Fickle. OounUkx of Car-
lisle. The beautiful Countess of Carlisle, a kind
of £Dglish Cleopatra, of whom Strafford in the
j season of his greatness had been the favore(f
! lover, used every effort with the Parliament Uy
I oiitain the life of the man whose love had been
[her pride. The fa.scinaling counters failed to
I soften their hearts. As if it were the fate of
SiralTord to sufftT at the .same time the loss of
both love and friend.ship, this versatile beauty,
more attached to thi! power than the persons of
111 r rdmirers, transferred her affections quickly
from Strafford to Pyin, and became the mis
iress of the murderer, who siUTeeded to the
victim. — Lamautink's (JiioMWEii,, p. 14.
110. AFFECTIOS, FiUal. Willuim Cnojur.
When Cowper was six years old his moth(;r
died ; and .seldom has a child, even such a child,
lost more, even in a mother. Fifty years after
her death he .still thinks of her, he says, with
love and tenderness every day. Late in his life
his cousin, Mrs. Anne Bodliam, recalled herself
to his remembrance by .standing him his mother's
l)icture. "Every creature," he writes, "that
has any affinity to my mother is dear to me, and
you, the daughter of her brother, :>re but om^
remove distant from her ; I love you, therefore,
and love you much, both for her sake and for
your own." — Smit/i's Cowi'kh, ch. 1.
111. . Sir WalU-r Scott. His ex-
ecutors, in lifting wp his desk, the evening-
after his burial, found "arranged in careful
order a scries of little objects, which bad
obviously been so i)laced there that his eye
luight rest on tlu^m (n-ery iiiorning before lie
began his tasks. Tlie.se were ilie old-fiushioned
boxes that had garnished hi-, mother's toilet,
when he, a sickly child, slept in her dre.ssin.u;-
rooni — the silver taper-stand, which the young
advocate had bought for lier with his first five-
guinea fe<' ; a row of small packets inscrilu'd
with her hand, and containing the hair of tiio.se
of her offspring that had died before her ; his
father's snutf-box and etui-case ; and more
things of the sort." — Ilrrros's I.ifk ok Scott.
ch. i.
Hit. . (!iiiii.-< .Uiim'iis CoriolaiiuH.
Marcius pursued glory because tl'e acquisition
of it delighted his mother. For when she was
witness to the api)lause he received, when. sIk;
saw him crowned, wiieii she embraced him with
tears of joy, then it was that he reckoned him-
.self at th" height of honor and felicity. Ei)am-
inondas had the same sentiments, and declared
it the chief hapinness of jii.s life, that his father
and mother lived to see the generalship \\i\ ex-
erted and the victory he won at Leuctra, —
Pl.rTAIUU.
1151. . Scrl'iriiiMt/i)' Itotnan General.
This love of his country is .said to have been in
.some measure owing to" tlie attachment lie had
to his mother. His father died in his in
fancy, and he had his education wholly from
her ; consecpiently his affections centred in
her. His Spanish fritmds wanteti to constitute
him supreme governor; but having informa-
tion at that time of tlu; death of his mother, lie
gave him.self up to the most alarming grief.
For seven whole days he neither gave the word,
nor would be .seen by any of his friends —
Pl.rTAKCH.
114. . Ali:cander tlie Great. [Olym-
liias was his mother,] He made her inativ
magnificent presents ; but he would not sutfei
AFFECTION.
i;.
her busy genius to exert itself in State nfTuirs,
or in the leaat to control tlie proceodinj^s
of government. She complained of this a.s
a hardship, and he bore her ill-humor with
great miUlneftfl. Antipatcr once wrote him a long
letter full of heavy complaints against her ; and
when he had read it, he said, " Antipater knows
not that one tear of a mother can blot out a thou-
sand such complaints." — Pi.utaiu ii.
lift. . Nnp>U^>n I. [During th((
war between France and England an English
prisoner escjiped, and reaching tiic coa.st scHxetly
prejmred a fragile skiff oi the bark and brunches
of trees. He was about to venture the (Jlianncl
when he was arrested.] " Do you really in
tend," said Napoleon, " to brave the terrors of
the ocean in so frail a skiff ?" " If you will
but grant me permission," said the young man,
" I will embark immediately." " You must
doubtless, then, have some mistress to nivisit."
..." I wish," replied the noble sailor, " to see
my mother. She is aged, poor, and infirm."
The heart of Napoleon was toucthed. ' ' You
shall se^ her," he energetically replied, "and
present to her from me this purse of gold. Slie
must be no common mother who can have
trained up so affectionate and dutiful a son."
. . . Sent in a cruiser with a flag of truce. —
Abbott's Napoi.eon, vol. 1, ch. 26.
1 16. AFFECTION of Friendship. A. Lincoln.
A few days before the President's death Secr-
tary Stanton tendered his resignation of the
War Department . . . saj ing that he . . . had
accepted the position to hold it only until the
war should end, and that now be felt his work
was done. Mr. Lincoln was greatly moved by
the secretjiry's words, and tearing in pieces tiie
paper that contained the resignation, and throw-
ing his arms about the .secretary, he .said, "Stan-
ton, you have been a good friend and a faitliful
public servant, and it is not for you to say wlien
you will be no longer needed here." Several
friends of both parties were present, and there
wius not a dry eye that witnessed the scene. —
Raymond's Lincoln, p. 757.
1 17. AFFECTION, Impartial. \rr. Dmtin.
A.n. 1697. Seven days after her confinement
Indian prowlers raised their shouts near the
house of Hannah Dustin, of Haverliill [N. IL] ;
her husband rode home from the Held, but too
late to provide for her rescue. He nui.st fly,
even if lie would save one of his seven children,
who had hurried before him into the forest.
But, from the cowering flock, bow could a
father make a choice V [Which one take ?
which leave to the Indians ?] With gun in
hand he now repels the assjuilt, now cheers on
the innocent group of little ones, as they rustle
through the dried leaves and bushes, till all
reach a slielter. The Indians burned his home
and dashed his infant against a tree. [His wife
was taken into captivity.] — BanckoftsU. S.,
ch. 21.
11§. AFFECTION oatraged, Maternal. Indian
Wars. [The Frencli and Indians made captives
of women after burning the settlement of Salmon
Falls in 1690.] The prisoners were laden by the
victors with spoils from their own homes. . . .
Hehetabcl Godwin would linger apart in the
snow to lull her infant to sleep, lest its cries
should provoke the savages ; angry at the delay.
her [Indian] masicr .struck the child against a
tree, and hung it among the branches. — Ban-
chokt's U. S., vol. ;{, ch. 21.
110. AFFECTION, ParenUl. Samuel WetUy.
[The house of ilev. Samuel Wesley, the father
of .John Wesley, was Hied at night by the rab-
bh', and totally con.uiined. ] The family barely
escaped with tl.'ir night garmentw upon them.
Mrs. Wesley was in feelile health ; unable to
climb with the rest thn;ugh the windows, she
was thrice beaten back froiM the front door by
the flames. Committing herself to God, she at
last waded through the fire to the stre«'t, scorch
ing her face and hands. It was f'>und that one
child was mis.sing. The father ai.temptc<l to
pa.ss up the st'iirs to rescue him, but the consum-
ing steps could not bear his weight. He return
ed in despair, and, kneeling down upon the earth ,
resigned to God the soul of his (;hild. Moin-
while, the latter waking from his sleep, and
finding his chamber and bed on Are, flew to the
window, beneath which two pejisants placed
themselves, one on the shoulders of the other,
and .saved him at the moment when the roof fell
in and crushed the chamber to the ground.
" Come, neighbors, "said the father, as be received
his son, "let us kneel down and give thank*
to God ; He has given me all my eight children ;
let the house go, I am rich enough." A tew
nioment.s more and the founder of Methodism
would have been lost to the world. — Stbvkns'r
Mktuodibm, ch. 1, p. 59.
130. . T/n-d StrufforfTs 'JViai. '• My
lords, I have troiibkni you longer than f
should have done, were it not for the inter
est of these dear pledges a saint in heaven
hath left me." [Here lie stooped, letting fall
.some tears, and then resumed.] " What I for
feit myself is nothing ; but that my indiscretion
should extend to my posterity woundeth me t<»
the verv soul. You will pardon my inCrinily ;
something I should have aclded, Imt am not able,
therefore iet it jiass. Ami now, my lords, for
myself I have been, by the blessing of Almiglity
God, taught the afflictions of this present life
are not to be compared to the eternal weight
of glory wliich shall be revealed hereafter.
And so, my lords ... I freely submit myself t<>
your judgment ; and whether that judgment be
for life or death — ' Te Deum Laudamus !' " Sen
tence of death was the reply to this eloquence
and virtue. — Lamaktine's Cromwell, p. 12.
V2l. AFFECTION, Strong. William, lYince of
Orange. His affection was as impetuous as liis
wrath. Where he loved, he loved with the whole
energy of his strong mind. When death sepamle«l
him from what he loved, the few who witnes.s«(l
his agonies trembled for his rea.son and his life.
To a very small circle of intimate friend.s, on
whose fidelity and secrecy he could absolutely
depend, he was a different man from the re
.served and stoical William whom the multitude
supposed to be destitute of human f'!<!lings.
— M.\caulav's Hist, ok Eno., vol. 2, ch. 7.
laa. AFFECTION, Zeal of. John lloicard.
Howard was in the south of Europe when first his^
friends ventured to inform him of his son's con-
dition. " I have a melancholy letter," he wrote.
" relative to my unhappy young man. It is in
deed a bitter afliiiction — a son, an only son \"
[A dissipated young man.] He hurried b'wne.
1 i
,) i
IC
AFFECTIONS- A(}K
The first ttvo hundred niih's he never stopped,
day nor night, except to chimKe horses. He
reuched his liouse to find his son u riivinj? iniid-
mun, and to leiiru tluit his ])iiysi('ians litul little
hope of his restoration. One of the .syrnjHonis
of liis ma<lne.s« was a most violenl aiitipatliy to
liis father, wliieli banislied Howard froni'iiis
iionie, until tlie inereiwing vioh'iue of tiic nial
ady compelled the removal of the patient to an
luiylum, wliere he died al the aK<; of thirty-live.
— (Jv(;i,oi'Ki)iA OK Hioo., 1). 12.
lSi:i. AFFECTIONS, Blighted. Kmiinud Sire-
(hiihorji. The altachmenl (of Swedenborg for
I'olheim's dauf^hterj, however, wius not mutual,
and the lady vvouhl not allow herself to he be-
troth •(!. Her father, who deeply loved Sweden-
bor^, caused a written af,^re(!nienl to be drawn
up, promi.sinf? his dauj^hter at .sonu' future day.
'I'hisdocunu'nt, KniereiUia, from filial obedience,
.sif(ne<l ; but, as ladies ^fenerallv do, when forced
to love in this way, took to .sij^^lis and .sadness,
which .so affected "her brother with sorrcjw, that
li(! secretly purloined the af^reement from Swe-
deidmrg. The i)aper was soon mi.ssed, forSwe-
denborg read it over frequently ; and in his grief
at its loss besought Polheim to rei)lace it by a new
one. But as Hwedenborg now discovered the
pain whicli he gave to the object of his afTections,
he at once relinquished all claim to licr hand, and
left her father's house. It was his la.st , as it was
his first, endeavor after marriage. — Whitk'b
.SWKDENBOIUl, Ch. 2.
l!lt4, AGE, Depraved. JniriKhirimj Vhrinti-
4iiiity. The epoch which witnessed the early
growib of Christianity was an epoch of which
the liorror and the degradation have rarely been
equalled, and perhajjs never exceeded, in the an-
nals of mankind. . . . Abundant proofs of the ab-
normal wickedness which ac(!ompanied the de-
<adence of ancient civilization . . . are stamped
upon ita coinage, cut on its gems, painted upon
its chamber- walls, sown l)roadca.st over the
pages of its poets, satirists, and historians. " Out
of thine own mouth will I judge thee, thou wick-
ed servant I" Is there anj' age which stands .so
instantly condemned by the bare mention of its
rulers as that which recalls the .successive names
of Tiberius, Gains, Claudius, Nero, Galba, Otlio,
tmd Vitellius, and which after a brief gleam of
better examples imder Vcsjiasian and Titus,
sank at last under the hideous tyranny of a Domi-
tian ? Is there any age of which the evil charac-
teristics force themselves so instantaneously up-
on the mind as that of which we mainly learn the
history and moral condition from the relics of
Pompeii and Ileivulaneum, the .satires of Per-
sius and Juvenal, the epigrams of Martial, and
the terrible records of Tacitus, Suetonius, an<l
Dion Cossius ? And yel even beneath lliis lowest
deep, there is a lower deep ; for not even on
their dark pages are the dc^pths of Satan so shame-
lessly laid bare to human gaze as they are in the
sordid fictions of Petronius and of Apuleius. —
Fauuar's Early Days, ch. 1.
125. AGE of OreatnesB. Natioxal. It is this
period, from the middle of the eighth to the mid-
dle of the tenth century, which is to be account-
ed the most flourishing age of Arabian magnifi-
cence. While Ilaroun Alraschid made Bagdad
the .seat of a great and polished empire, and cul-
livi *ed the arts and sciences with high success,
the Mo(-rs of Cordova, undt r Abdalrahman and
his successors, vied with their Asiatic brethren
in the same honorable i)\irsuits, and were, un-
questionablv, the most enlightened of tlie States
of Europe at this jK-riod. The empire of the
Franks indeed, under Charlemagne, exhibited
a beautiful picture of onh-r, sprung from confu-
sion and weakness, but terminating with the
reign of this illustrious monarch, and leaving
no tin-e for the arts introduced bv him to make
any approach to jjerfection. The Moors of
Simiii, under a .series of iirinces, who gave every
ciicouragemenl to genius and industry, thoiigh
fond at the same time of military glory, gained
the reputation of .sujieriority both in arts and
arms to all the nations of the West. The Moor-
ish structures in Spain, which were reared dur-
ing the eighth, ninth, and tenth centuries, many
of which vet remain, convey an idea of opulence
and graiureur which almost exceeds belief. The
-Mosque of Cordova, begun by Alidalrahman the
First, and fini.shed about the year 80(), is still al-
inosi entire.— Tvri.Ku's Hisr., Book 0, ch. 4.
126r AGE, An improved. KrilHohl. The more
carefully we examine the hi.story of the past, the
more reason shall we lind to di.ssent from tho.si;
who imagine that our age has been fruitful of
new .social evils. The truth is, that the evils are,
with scarcely an exception, old. That which is
new is the intelligence which discerns them,
and the humanity which remedies them. — Ma-
catlay's Eno., vol. 1, ch. !}.
15J7. AGE, Men for the. Oliver Cmmwell.
Like the patron saint of England, St. George of
Cappadocia — he of the dragon — Cromwell seems
a strangely mythic character. In an age wheu
real kings were dying or dead, and sham kings
were flying from their own weakness beneath the
outspread shadowy wings of Uight Divine —
when, out of the sea ancl scenery of confusion,
beastsro.se and reigned, like hydras, seven-head-
ed, .seven-horned — when every man sought to do
what was right in his own eyes — when the prisons
were full of victims, when the churches were full
of mummeries, there rose a wraith, unexijectcd,
unprecedented in the historv of the nation, per-
haps of the world, and said, " Well, then, you
must settle your account with me !" That quaint,
broad-hatted majesty of our old folio histories
was, without a doulit, the Pathfinder of .his na-
tion in that age. — Hood's Cuomweli,, ch. 1.
12§. AGE, Memories in. Caio. When Cato was
drawing near the clo.se of his life, he declared to
Iiis friends that the greatest comfort of his old
age, and that which gave him the highest satis-
faction, was the pleasing remembrance of the
many benefits and friendly offlces he had done
to others. To see them easy and happy by his
means made him truly so.
129. AGE, Objections to. Scipio. AVhen lie
was yet a boy, we have seen him a Tribune of
the Legions at the age of twenty, assisting to
rally the broken remains of the army of Cannaj,
and liarring the secession of the young nobles
after that disastrous day. Three years after wc
find him ofTering himself a candidate for the
Curulc iEdileship ; and, when it was objected
that he was yet too ^'oung for the ofHce,
promptly answering, " f f the people vote for
me, that will make me old enough." — Liddell'b
Rome, p. 352.
AGE.
i:
130. AOZ oritioiMd, OLD. Dr. Samuel John-
ton. Ho observed: " There is a wicked indinii-
tion in most people to suppose an old inun
decayed in his intellects. If a young or niiddle-
ugcd man, when leaving a company, does not
recollect where he laid liis hat, it is nothin;; ;
but if the same inattention is discovered in an
old man, people will shrug up their shoulders,
and say, 'His memory is going.'" — Bosweli.'s
Johnson, Bond's Ed. , p. 486.
131. AOE.EzoitementinOLD. Death of Pren.
IlarriKon. He was inaugurated President on
the 4th of March, 1841 . . . Daniel Webster . . .
Secretary of State. Everything promised well for
the new Whig administration ; but before Con-
gress could convene, the venerable President,
l)ending under the weight of sixty-eight years,
fell sick, and died just one month after his in-
auguration. — Ridpath's Hist, of U. S., ch. 56.
133. AOE Health in OLD. Dr. Samuel, Johnson.
One of the company mentioned his having seen
a nobic person driving in his carria^'e, and look-
ing exceedingly well, notwithstanding his great
age. Johnson: "Ah, sir, that is nothinjj.
Bacon observes that a stout, healthy old man is
like a tower undermined." — Boswell's John-
son, p. 517.
133. AGE, Labor in OLD. Martin Lutlter.
Luther had reached his sixty-third year. Fre-
quent attacks of sickness had seriously weakened
his bodily frame. Added to this was the anxi-
ety that he felt on account of the course of
ecclesiasticiil affairs, so that at times a weariness
of life overcame him. Thus he writes a few
months before his death : " I, an aged, used-up,
idle, tired, and unimpressive man, write to you.
And though I had hoped that they would grant
me, decrepit man that I am, a little rest, I am
nevertheless overwhelmed with writing and
speaking, acting and performing, as it I had
never transactea, written, spoken, or done iiny-
thing." — Rein's LuTHEK, ch. 25.
134. . IlerscM. Sir William Her-
schel was still pursuing his observations at
the age of eighty. . . . lie discovered the planet
Uranus in 1781. It has been said of him, that
" no one individual ever added so much to the
facts on which our knowledge of the solar sys-
tem is founded." — Knight's Eng. , vol. 8, ch. 7,
p. 129.
13d. AOE, Literature in OLD. John Milton.
The usual explanation of the frigidity of " Para-
dise Regained " is the suggestion which is nearest
at hand — viz., that it is the effect of age. Like
Ben Jonson's " New Inn," it betrays tlie feeble-
ness of senility, and has one of the most certain
marks of that stage of authorship, the attempt
to imitate himself in those points in which he
was once strong. — P.vttison's Milton, ch. 13.
136. AOE, Snooess in OLD. Cwsar. As a gen-
eral, Caesar was probably no less inferior to
Pompey tlian Sylla to Marius. Yet his suc-
cesses m war, achieved by a man who, in his
forty-ninth year, had hardly seen a camp, add
to our conviction of his real genius. — Liddell's
Rome, p. 702.
137. AOE, Vigor in OLD. Warrior. Masi-
nissa. King of Numidia, when past ninety years
of age, charged like a boy of nineteen at the head
of his wild horsemen against the Carthaginians,
and overcame them. — Liddell's Rome, p. 482.
138. . John Wesley. John We«ley
was eighty-six yeais old before he iHscanu-
(lonscious of the infi'.nities of many years.
He lived till he was tighty -eight years of age.
This unusual vigor he ascribed to the blessing
of God, wrought chiefly by his const^mt cxer
cise, his early rising, and his habit of- daily
preachinjj morning and evening. . . . Ent^'ring
his eightieth year, he says ... he travels from
four to Ave thousand miles every year ; has a
perfect command of sleep, night or day, when
ever he needs it ; he is an early riser at a flxcd
hour. ... In his eighty -second year he writes :
"It is now eleven years since I felt any such
thing as weariness." . . . His associates could
not at this time perceive in him any signs of in-
tellectual decay, nor can tuc critic detect it in
his writings. ... He records beautiful impres-
sions of nature and books more frequently ; he
compares and criticises Ariosto and Tasso ; he
indulges occasionally in dramatic reading and
criticism. ... He is described as still fresh in
color, with a brilliant eye and vivacious spirits.
... He was careful of his physical habits ; hi»
natural constitution was feeble ; he said he never
felt lowness of spirits for a quarter of an hour
since he was born, and before his stiventicth
year he never lost a night's sleep. He preached
forty -two thousand five hundred sermon,«. —
Stevens' r.lETiionisM, Book 5, ch, 12.
139.
CaU> the Cenmr. He ru
taincd his bodily strength to a very great age.
When he was past eighty years he called onl^
morning upon a man who had formerly been
his secretiiry, and asked him whether he had
yet provided a husband for his daughter. ' ' I
have not," was the reply ; " nor shall I without
consulting my best friend." "Why, then,'
said Cato, " I have found out a very fit husl)an(l
for her, if she can put up with an old man who,
in other respects, is a very good match for her. "
" I leave the di.sposal of her," said the father,
"entirely to you. She is under your protec
tion, an(i depends wholly upon your bounty."
" Then, ' .said Cato, " I will beyourson-in-luw."
The astonished parent gave his consent, and
Cato announced his inten.ion to his son, wlio
was himself a married man. "Why, what
have I done," said the son, " that I should have
a mother-in-law put upon me V" "lam only
desirous," replied Cato. "of having more such
.sons as you, and leaving more such citizens to
my country." By this wife, who was little
more than a girl, he actually had a son, who
himself became consul of Rome, and was the
father of the other famous Cato, the enemy of
CiBsar. — Cyclopedi.\ of Bigg., p. 423.
140. . Lord Palmerston. When
he was past seventy, he thought no more of
a thirty-mile gallop of an afternoon than a
New York merchant does of walking home
from Broad Street to Union Square. Often,
when Parliament was expected to sit late, lit-
would dismiss his carriage, and, coming out of
the house after midnight, would walk hom(^
alone, a distance of two miles, and "do" the
distance in thirty minutes. There never was a
brisker old gentleman. In the hunting season
he usually went into the country, where ho
!l!
' S ■:
i ill
n
'
18
AGE— AOUAItlAMSM.
would follow tli(> IiouikIn hn vigorously luid mh
lotiff ati Om) vouiijjsHt Imck (>f thciii all. — C!y( i,<t
PKDiA OK Ijioo., p. 50().
141. AGE, Proteotad by. Af/id Siilou. Many of
liis friuiulM . . . told liiiii llic tyrant would cir
lainly put him to deatli . . . and aHk(;d him what lie
truHteu to, that Ik; wni such imprudent icn;rtli.s ;
hiiaiiHwonid, " To oida/,'c." However, whi-n I'i-
sistmtuH had fully cstahlishcd hin>H(!lf, he madt;
his court to Solon, and treated him vnlh so
much kindness and respec:t, that Solon beeame,
.w it were, his counsellor, and <j;ave sanction to
many of his i)roc((edin;fs. — I'mitahcii.
14il. AGE, A remarkable. TliirU.enth deiUiirji.
[Men! wo] seek tlK^orij^in of our freedom, our
prosiKirity, and our f^lory. Then it was that the
;;r(!at Euf^lish jM'oph^ was formed. . . . Then
tirwl appeared with distinctness that Constitution
which has over since, throu^di all chan/fos, \n-v.-
served its identity ; that ("onstilulion of which
nil the other fret; constitutions in the world are
I opioH, and which, in spit*; of some defects, de-
>-(av{« to bo reffard(Hl as the best under wliich
any great Hociety liiw ever yet existed durinir
iriany ages. Then it was that tla; lIous(! of
Commons, the archetype of all the rei)resenta-
liv(! osacmbli<!H which now meet, either in the
old or in the New World, held its first sittings.
Th(;n it was that the common law rose to the
dijj^idty of a science, and rapidlj' became a not
unworthy rival of the imperial jurisprudence.
Then it was that the courage of those sidlors
who manned the rude barks of fhe(;inque Ports
first made the flag of England t(!rriblo on the
seas. Then it was that the mo.st ancient col-
leges which still exist at both the great national
.seats of learning were founded. Then was
formed that language, less musical, indeed, than
the languages of tlie South, but in force, in
richn(«s, in aptitude for all the highest pur-
|M).s(« of the poet, the philo.sopher, and the
orator, inferior to that of Greece alone. Then,
loo, ai)pear(!d the first faint dawn of that noble
literature, the most splendid and the most
<hirable of the many glories of England. — AIa-
<'adlay'8 Hist, of Eno., vol. 1, ch. 1.
148. . RifontKition. The age of
< Charles V. is the era of great events and im-
jiortant revolutions in the hi.story of Europe.
It is the era of the Keformation in nligion in
(Germany, in the northern kingdoms oJf Den-
mark and Sweden, and in Hritain. It is the
era of the discovery of America ; and, la.stly, it
is the period of the highest splendor of the fine
arts in lUily and in the south of Europe. —
Tytlkr's Hist., Book 6, ch. 20.
144. AGE, Satisfactory. fntimidnU'il. Vn\-
<»w was taken, and tin; whole country gave way
to the conqueror [CJharles XII.] The perfidi-
ous pi imate [Cardinal Itjijouski], in an assend)ly
<f the States at Warsaw, now openly took part
against the king [of Poland], his master, and in
the year 1704 the throne of Poland was declared
vacant. The victorious Charles signified to the
.States of the kingdom his desire that Stanislaus
Leckzinski, a j'oung nobleman of Posnania,
should be elected king. The electors made
some hesitation on account of his youth. " If
I am not mistaken," said Charles, " he is as old
.•IS I am" [twenty years]. It is almost needless
was elected Kiajf
, Hook (I. ch .%,
of
tr> add that licck/.in.ski
Poland.— TvTi.Kii'h Hist
I4A AGED, Blessing of the. John lloward.
The Pojjo was one of the monarchs with whom
he convers(!d on this great subject. Ho was re-
ceived at the i)apal palace with unusual distim;-
tioii, and \w was dispensed from the ceremony
()£ kis.sing the toe of tla; ixHitilT. When uo was
about to retire, after a long conversation on the
j)ri.s()ns of Italy, llu; Pope said to him, laying
his hand upon his very Protestant head: "1
know you Englishmen do not mind these things,
but th<! blessing of an old man can do you no
harm."— ('Yci.oi'KDiA oi-" Mioo., p. 58.
M«. AGITATION, Perils of. <!irat Itcfonna-
tiiiii. " Luther's leichings," writes a contompo-
rarv, "have aroused so mu<'h strife, diss(!nsion,
and disturbance among flu? iicople, that there is
scarce a country or a city, a village or a family,
that has not been dividecl and agitated even unto
blow;s." — Ukin's Lutiikii, ch. ft.
147. AGITATION, Perseverance in. AbolUior,
Mn. The Abolitionists were a i)ro.scril)ed and
l)ersecuted class, denounced with unsparing se-
verity oy both of the great jwlitical parties, con-
demned "by many of the leading churchcs,lil)elled
in the jjublic jjress, and maltreated by furious
mobs. In no i)art of the country did they con-
stitute more than a handful of the i)opulation.
. . . They were largely recruited from the So-
ciety of Friends. . . . Caring nothing for preju-
dice, meeting opi)robrimn with silence, shaming
the authors of violence by meek non-resistance,
relying on moral agencies alone, appealing sim-
l)ly to the reason and the conscience of men,
they arrested the attention of the nation by ar-
raigning it bef-'Tc the i)ublic opinion oi the
world, and proclaiming its responsibility to tlie
judgment of God. — Bi.aink's Twenty Ykaks
<)K C'ONOIIKHS, p. 28.
14». AGONY of the Cross. ChriM. The agon v
of Christ upon the cross, dying a slow death
from rabid violence among the Jews, and bar-
barous wounds inflicted by Roman soldiers, to
drain away the blood of life, and torture all tlie
nerves of sense, and all the feelings of the soul
within the body, is the highest illu.stration of
the meaning of the word. — A.M. Cyc. , " Agony."
140. AGRABIANISH, Difficulties of. liomant.
The people might certainly have i)revailedin ob-
taining the favorite measure of an agrarian law.
But the truth is, this measure was nothing more
than a political engine, occasionally employed
by the popular magistrates for exciting commo-
tions, ftnd weakening the power of the patricians.
It was a measure attended neces.sarily with
so much difficulty in the execution, tliat few
even of the people themselves had a sincere de-
sire of seeing it accomplished. The extensive
di.sorder it nui.st have introduced in the territo-
rial po.s.sessions of the citizens, by a new distribu-
tion of all the lands acquired by conquest to the
republic since the time of Ronmlus — the afifec-
tion which oven the poorest feel for a small patri-
monial inheritance, the place of their nativity,
and the repository of the bones of their fore^
thers — and that most admirable and most salutary
perauasion that it is an act of impiety to alter
or remove ancient landmarks — all these were
strong obstacles. — Tytleu'sIIist., Book 3, cJi.5.
^
AOOUES8ION— AOUICULTUKK.
ID
lAO. AOOBESSION, Beqaired. liomanit. [After
tlic recapture of Ciipim by AppiuH Claudius iiiul
Fulvlus Fluccus,] wlien the ConiuilH reliiriicd
liome, they were refused ii triumi)li. No Hn-
umn genenil, it wuHwiid, deserved ii triumph *'uv
merely recovering wliiit once belonged to tlie
Uepublic. — Fiii)i)Ki,i.'H IIomk, p. !JH4.
■ft I. AOBICTJLTUBE, Ancient. Itonuim. In
the early times of Home the work of the farm
was tlie only kind of manual labor deemed wor-
thy of a free citizen. This feeling long survived,
us may be seen from the praise bestowed on
agriculture by Cicero, whos<i enthusiasm was
caught from one of his favorite heroes, old Cato
the Censor, 'i'hc taste, for books of farming
continued. Varro the anti(piarian, a uriend of
Cicero, has left an excellent treatise on the sub-
ject. A little later ('ame th' fa.nous Gcorgics of
\Mrgil, followed at no long interval by l*liny's
notices, and then by the elaborate Dis.sertations
of Columella, who refers to a great number of
Roman writers on the .same s>d)ject. It is man-
ifest that the subject of agriculture posses.sed a
strong and enduring charm for the Roman mind.
Hut, from the times of the Ilannibalic War,
agriculture lost ground in Italy. When Cato
was asked what was the most profitable kind of
farming, lie sjiid, " Good grazing." What next '!
"Tolerable grazing." What next? " Bad graz-
ing." What next? "Corn-growing." Later
writers, witli one accord, deplored the dimin-
ished productiveness of land. — Liddell'sRomk,
I>. 497.
153. AOBICTJLTUBE, Anti-monopoly in. Ro
iiKiUH. A high appreciation of agriculture aj)-
pears to have been a fundament4d idea among
the early Romans. A tract of land was allot-
ted to every citizen by the State itself, and
«;ach one was carefully n.stricted to the (juantity
granted. It was said by the orator Cu-
rius, that "he was not to l)e counted a good
citizen, but rather a dangerous man to the
State, who could not content himself with
seven acres of land." The Roman acre being
about one sixth less than ours, the law actually
limited the possession to about six acres. As
the nation Iwcame more powerful and extended
its dominions by conquest, the citizen was al-
lowed to hold fifty acres, and still later he could
be the holder of five hundred. — Am. Cvc,
" Aqkicultuhe."
153. AOBICULTUBE, Attractions of. The Po-
H Horace. When cloyed with the pleasures of
tho imperial city, he had but to mount his mule
vcA ride fifteen minutes, to reach his farm.
His land, well covered with forest, and lying
<)n, both sides of a sparkling river, was tilled by
tive free families and eight slaves, and produced
grain, wine, and olives. It abounded in plea.sant,
secluded scenes, fit for a poet's leisure ; and
there, too, he delighted to receive his friends
from Rome ; Mecscnas himself being glad to
repose there from the tcils of government. To
this day, Horace's farm is contmually visited by
travellers residing in Rome, especially by Eng-
lish and Americans. — Cyoi-opedia of Biog.,
|). 376.
154. AaBICVLTUBE, Bnrdena of. By Ar-
taxerxes, King of the Pe.rmaiiK. Several of his
sayings are preserved. One of them in partic-
ular dJscoyers a deep insight into the consti-
tution r)f government. " The authority of the
prince." said Artaxerxes, "must be defend-
ed by a military force ; that force can only
be maintaini^d by 'axes ; all taxes muitt, ht
last, fall upon agricidture ; and agriculture can
nev:'r fiourish except under the; protection of
justice and modtiration. ' — Uihiion'h Romk,
eh. H.
155. AOBICULTUBE burdened. Utij/ntif J/>vm
X I '/. The progress of agriculture was still bur
dened by the servitudes of tin; .soil. Each
little farm was in bondage under a complicated
system of irredei^mable dues, to roads and
canals ; to the bakehou.se and the bntwciry of the
lord of the manor ; to his wint!i)re.ss and Ins
mill ; to his tolls at the river, the market, or the
fair ; to ground rents and (piit rents, and fines
on alienation. The game laws let in the wild
beasts and birds to fatten on the growth of tlie
poor man's fields ; and after his liarvesLs i)ro
vincial custom-hou.Hes blocked domestic com-
merce ; t\w (export of corn, and even itH free
circulation within the realm, was prohibited ; .so
that one provin(!e might waste; from famine and
another want a market. — Bancuoft'w U.S..
vol. 7, ch. 7.
356. AOBICULTUBE exalted. " jXmrer Ilmi-
en." The great employment of Fnince was
the tillage of land, than which no method of
gain is more grateful in it.self or more worthy
of freemen, or more happy in rendering service
to the whole human race. No occupation is
nearer heaven. — Banckoft'h U. S., vol. 5, ch. 2.
157. AOBICULTUBE honored. Ciminnatuii.
DMdtor of liom«. A succe,s.sor w.is chosen to
Valerius m the con.sulate, L. QuintiusCincinnat
us, a man of ^reat resolution and intrepidity,
who, though himself so indigent as to cultivate
with his own hands his paternal fields, and to
be called from the plough to put on the robe of
the consul, had yet the liigh spirit of an ancient
|)atrician, which was ill-disposed to brook the
insolence of the popular magistrates or acquiesce
in the daily increasing pretensions of the in-
ferior order. — Tyti.eub Hist., B(M)k 3, ch. 5.
i.'SP. . Kdmnnd Ihirke. [Edmund
Burke] was an agricultural improver. Young
saw him experimenting on carrots at his farm
at Beaconsfleld, and says, " iiuckinghamshire
will be much indebted to the attention this
manly genius gives to husbandry." — Knioht's
Eno., vol. 7, ch. 1.
159. AOBICULTUBE, Pursuit of. Noblest Jio-
maiui. The picture of the Roman people dur-
ing the first five centuries is so perfectly dis-
tinct, .so widely different from what we find it
in the latter ages of the republic, that we might
at first be induced to think that some very ex-
traordinary causes must have co-operated to pro-
duce so total an alteration. Yet the transition
was easy and natural, and was in the Roman
people the necessary and inevitable con.sequence
of that rich and luxurious situation in which
the virtuous and heroic temper of the earlier
times had conduced to place the republic. A
spirit of temperance, of frugality, and of indu.s-
try must be the characteristics of every infant
colony. The poverty of the first Romans, the
narrow territory to which they were limited,
made it necc-ssary for every citizen to labor for
I t
r. :'
/'
7
80
AGltlC'L'LTUUE— ALLIANCE.
hiB HiibsiHtcncc. In the first aRCH, the patriciunH,
when in the country, forgot nil the iliHtinetionH
of rank, and tolled daily in the fleldH like tlio
lowest plebeian. . . . Cineinnatim we have seen
nanic<I dictator by the voice of his country,
whil(! at the plough. M. CuriuH, after expelling
I'yrrhuH from Italy, retired to the posscHHion of
a Binall farm, whic^ii he anHi(hiously cultivated.
The elder C'ato wa« fond of this spot, and re-
ven^d it on account of its former nuister. It
wae in emulation of the examples of Ihis ancient
Itonuui that Cato lM;took himwilf to agricuitun'.
Sclpio Africanus also, after the contpiest of
Hannibal and the reduction of ('arthage, re-
tired to his paternal fields, and with his own
hand reared an<l grafted Iuh fruit trees. — Tvt-
lru'h IIiht., Ilook 4, ch. 4.
160. AORICULTVBS, Religioni. I'ermnn Mo-
rality. To cultivate an untiTled field, to plant
fruit trees, to destroy noxious animals, to bring
water to a dry and barren liuid, were all actions
beneficial to mankind, and therefore most agree-
able to the divinity, who wills perpetually the
highest happiness of his creatures. — Tytleu'h
Hist., Book 1, ch. 11.
161. AOBICULTUBE, Boientiflo. lieign of
Charles II. Deei)ly impressed with these great
truths, the professors of the new philosophy
applied themselves to their task, and l)efore a
quarter of a century had cxjiired they had given
ample earnest of what has since l)een achieved.
Already a reform of agriculture hud l)een com-
menced. New vegetables were cultivated.
New implements of husbandry were employed.
New manures were applied to the soil. Evelyn
had, under the formal sjvnction of the Royal So-
ciety, given instruction to his countrymen in
planting. Temple, in his intervals of leisure,
had tried many experiments in horticulture, and
had proved that many delicate fruits, the natives
of more favored climates, might, with the help
of art, be grown on English ground. — Macau-
lay's Enu., vol. 1, ch. 3.
163. AOBICULTUBE, Superiority of. Uomam.
Many of the early laws of the liomans were the
necessary result of their situation. Such, for
example, was that law which confined the prac-
tice of all nieclianic arts to tlie slaves ; for all
the free citizens must either have been employed
in warfare or in the culture of their fields. —
Tytleu'h Hist., Book 3, ch. 1.
163. AOBICULTUBE, Unsuccessfal. Kngland
in A.D. 139C». The average produce of wheat
per acre was less than six bushels. — KNtoiiT's
HiBT. OF Eng., vol. 1, ch. 30.
164. AOBICULTUBISTS crippled. Ih/ Thodn-
ric. [The King of the Goths.] This. . . faith-
ful servant [of the Eastern Empire] was sudd' aly
converted into a formidable enemy, who spread
the flames of war from Constantinople to the
Adriatic ; many fiourishing cities were reduced
to ashes, and the agriculture of Thrace was al-
most extirpated by the wanton cruelty of tlie
Cloths, who deprived their captive peasants of
the right hand that guided the plough. — Gib-
bon's Rome, ch. 39, p. 6.
165. ALABM, Needless. Pertinujr, Prefect of
Rome. [Commodus, the Roman tyrant, had
been assassinated. The conspirators sought
noble Pertinax to fill the vacant throne.] lie
now remained nhnost alone of the friends and
ministers of Marcus ; and when, at a late hour
(if the night, he was inviikened with the new*
that the chanilierlain and tli(! prefect were at
his d(H)r, he received them with intrepid resig-
mition, and desired tliev would excute their
master's orders. Instead of death, they offered
inm the throne of the Roman world. During
some moments lie distrusted their intentions and
assurances. Convinced at length of the death
of Commodus, he accepted ilie purple with a sin-
cen^ reluctance.— OinnoNs Rome, vol. 1, ch. 4.
166. ALABM, BeUgioiu. .Vortiii Luther. Al-
ready, in his eighteenth year, he surpassctl all
his fellow-students in knowledge of the Ijatin
classics, and in iK)wer of composition and of elo-
cpience. His mind took more and more a deeply
religious turn ; but it was not till he had been
for two years studying at Eisenach that he dis-
covered an entire Bible, liaving until then only
known the ecclesiastical extracts from the sacred
volume, and the history of Hannah and Samuel.
He now determined to study Greek and Hebrew,
the two original languages of the Bible. A
dangerous illness brought him within the near
prospect of death ; but he recovered, and prose-
cuted his study of philosophy and law, anci tried
hard to gain inward peace by a pious life and
the greatest strictness in all external observances.
His natural cheerfulness disappeared ; and after
experi(!ncing the shock of the death of one of
his friends by assassination in the summer of
1505, and so(m after 'hat being startled by a
thunderbolt striking inc earth by his side, he
determined to give up the world and retire into
the convent of the Augustinians at Erfurt. —
Bun.skn's LrTHER, p. 7.
167. ALIENS, Expulsion of. Adams' Admin-
Mratioii. Much of the recent legislation of
Congress had been \mwise and unpopular. The
alien law, by which the President was authorized
to .send out of the country anv foreigners whose
presence should be considered prejudicial to the
United States, was speeially odious. . , . Parli-
•san excitement ran high. — Ridpath's U. S., ch.
47.
16§. ALLEOOBIST, The best. John Bunyan.
The "Pilgrim's Progress' was, in his own life-
time, translated into several foreign languages.
It was, however, scarcely known to the learned
and polite, and had been, during near a century,
tlic delight of pious cottagers and artisans bcfoie
it was pul)licly commended by any man of high
literary eminence. At length cntics conde-
.scended to inquire where the secret of so wide
and .so durable popularity lay. They were com-
pelled to own that the ignorant multitude had
judged more correctly than the learned, and
that the despised little book was really a master-
piece. Bunyan is indeed as decidedly the first
of allcgorLsfs, as Demosthenes is the first of
orators, or Shakespeare the first of dramatists.
Other allegorists have shown equal ingenuity,
but no other allegorist has ever been able to
touch the heart and to make abstractions ob-
jects of terror, pity, and of love. — Macaulav's
Hist, of Eno. , ch. 7.
169. ALLIANCE, Degrading. Charles II. tcith
Ijouid XIV. [Charles .sought aid, that he might
be independent of Parliament.] Louis promis-
ed large aid. He from time to time doled out
-^.
ALLIANCE— ALLY.
n
such aid an miglit Rcrvc to keep liopc nlivc, and
us he could without risk or inconvenience spure.
In this way, at an expense very mucli less tlian
tluit which ho incurred in ImildinK and decorat-
ing Veniaillcs or Marli, lie succeeded in making
England, during nearly twenty years, almosl as
insignificant a member of tlu; i)oliticai syst<!m
of Euro|)e as the repul)lic of San Marino. — Ma-
caulay'b IIiHT. OK En(i., ch. 2.
170. ALLIANCE demanded. J}// J'Vanre of
I'. >S. [John Adams was President.] Adet,
tiic French minister, m<ule inflammatory appeals
to the people, and urged the government to
conclude a treaty with France against Great
liritain. When the President and Congress
.stood firmly on the doctrine of neutrality, the
French Directory grew insolent, and bejain to
(ktnand an alliance. . . . On the lOth of March
I lie Directory is.sued instructions to French men-
of-war to assail the commerce of the United
iStatcs. , . . American minister was ordered to
leave the territory of France. [War followed.]
— Uidpatu'h Hist. U. 8., ch. 47.
IT1« ALLIANCE, A joet. American Indians.
Friendly relations . . . were establislutd with
flic Wampanoags. Mas.sasoil, the great sachem
of tliG nation, was invited to visit the settlement,
and came, attended by a few of his warriors.
The pilgrims received them with as much
])nradc and ceremony as the colony could pro-
vide ; Captain Standish ordcicd out his sol-
diers . . . then and then^ was ratified the first
treaty made in New England. The terms were
few and simple. There should be peace and
friendship . . . no Injury should be done by
either party. All offenders should be given up
to lie punished. If the Englisli engaged in war,
Massasoit should help them ; if the Wampa-
noags were attacked unjustly, the English
should give aid. . . . Mark the word «/i;«A<^.y;
it contains the e8.sen:;e of Puritanism. — liiu-
a'ATii's Hist, of U. S., cli. 13.
ira. ALUANCE of Self-interest. "WegiveOur-
nclcen . . . (o tJie liomanx." Capua was the prin-
cipal city of Campania, one of the finest and
most fertile countries of Italy. This city, then,
was extremely opulent and luxurious. The
Samnites, a poor but warlike people, were al-
lured by the riclics of their neighbors, and in-
vaded Campania. The inhabitants of Capua,
after some feeble attempts to resist the invaders,
implored aid from the Romans. The Senate
answered, that their alliance with the Samnites
prevented them from giving anything else than
their compassion. " If, tlien," said the Capuans,
"you will not defend us, you will, at lea.st, de-
fend yourselves ; and from this moment we give
ourselves, our cities, our fields, and our gods to
the Romans, and become their subjects." The
Senate accepted the donation, and ordered the
Samnites immediately to quit their territories.
The necessary consequence was a war. . . .
The Samnites were glad to conclude a peace. —
Tytler'^ Hist., ch. 7.
173. ALLIES, Dangerous. Turkish Trihes.
[Mahmud encouraged emigration of many
tribes within his territory.] Mahmud the Gaz-
nevide was admonished of his error by a chief
of the race of Selijuk, who dwelt in the terri-
tory of Bochara. The sultan had inquired what
supply of men he could furnish for military
s« rviee. " If you send," replied I.smael, "one
of tliese arrows into our c»mp. fifty thoiiHund of
your servants will mount on liorseback." "And
if that numlMT," contiaued Mahmud. " should
not Ih) sufficient ?" "Send this sec<md arrow to
the horde of Balik, and you will find fifty thou-
siuid more." " But," said the Oazne vide, dissem-
bling his anxiety, "if I should stand in need of
the whole force of your kindred trilies ?" " Des-
patch my bow." was the last n^ply of Ismael ;
"and as it is circulated around, the summons
will be obeyed by two hundred thouwuid horse."
The apprehension of such formidable friendship
induced Mahmud to transjuirt the most obnox-
ious trilies into the heart of Chorasan, where
they would Ik; stsparated from their brethren bj
the riv(!r Oxus, and enclo.sed on all sides by the
walls of obedient cities. — Giubon'h Romk, vol. (I,
ch. (W.
174. . Lions. [Cassius made com-
plaint against (!a'sar that] the lions whicli lie
liad procuired when 'ho was nominated asdile,
and which he had wuit to Megiira, Ciesar ha(l
taken and converted to his own u.stt, liaving
found them there when that city was taken by
Calanus. Tlio.se lions, it is .said, were very
fatal to the inhabitants ; for as soon as their
city was taken, they opened their dens and un-
cliained them in the streets, that they might
stop the irruption of the enemy ; but in.stead of
that they fell upon the citizens, and tore tliem
in such a manner that their very enemies were
struck with horror. — Pi.utauch.
175. ALLIES, Invisible. Maltonut's Angels.
[The Korei.sh had one hundred horse and eight
hundred foot.] "O God," he exclaimed, as
the numbers of the Koreish descended from tlie
hills, " God, if these are destroyed, by wliom
wilt Thou be worshipped on the earth? Courage,
iiiy children ; close your ranks ; discharge your
arrows, and the day is your own." At these
words lie placed himself, with Abubeker, on a
throne or pulpit, and instantly demanded tlu;
succor of Gabriel and three tliou.sand angels.
His eye was fixed on tlie field of batlhi ; the
Mussulmans fainted and were i)re8.sed ; in tliat
decisive moment the prophet started from his
throne, mounted his horse, and cast a handful of
.sand into the air : " Let their faces be covered
with confusion. " Both armies heard tlie thunder
of his voice ; tlielr fancy beheld the angelic
warriors ; tlie Koreish trembled and fled ;
seventy of the bravest were slain ; and seventy
captives adorned the first victory of the faithful.
— Gibbon's Romk, ch. 50.
176. ALLIES rejected. Ijifayette—KaU). Ju-
ly, 1777. Kalb and Lafayette arriving at Phila-
clelphia . . . met a rude repulse. When it was
told tliat Lafayette desired no more than leave
to risk his life in the cau.se of liberty, without
pension or allowance, Congress gave him the
rank of major-general ; but at first the services of
Kalb, the ablest European officer wlio had come
over — master of English and familiar with the
country — were rejected. — Bancuoft's U. S.,
vol. 9, ch. 23.
177. ALLY, Volunteer. Agrarian Law. [Pro-
posed for relief of the poor and for returned
Roman soldiers. Large tracts belonging to the
State were to be donated J Pompey was the idol
of every .soldier in the State, and at Cwsar's in-
Hi
2'i
AMBITION,
Titation ho addroHHod tin- «uw<>iiib]y. He Kpokr
for his vctcriinK, HcKpokt' for I Ik; iH)or citlzciiN.
Ho Bald that lie approved the liiw to tix^ IuhI
letter of It. " Will vow tla-n," iiHked Cifwir,
" support the law if ft Im> illoKatiy opposod V"
"rilnco," replied roinpey, "you counufi, and
froii, my fellow-cltizc'iiH, imk aid of nie, a poor
ndlvldiial without ottlco and without author-
ity, who ncvcrtholcsH haH tlonc .some Hervicc
jo the Hl4ito, I say that I will bear the shield
if otherH draw tlie Hword." Applause ran)? out
froni a hundred thousand throat*. — Fkoudk's
C'iKHAK, eh. 18.
I7M. AMBITION vs. AffeoUon. Nar>oleon I.
[.Jow-phine knew that many were ur/^lriK u|)on
hlin the neeesHity of a divorec that h(( niijtht
have an heir, and thus secure the future of the
Stiitc.] One day when Napoleon wii.s liusy
in his cabinet Jo.sepliine (>ntered softly by a
sid(i door, and seating? herself atfeetionalely
upon hlH knee, and piiMiiijj; her Inuid K^'i'My
throu^rh his hair, said to him, with a burst of
tenderne,SH, " I entreat you, my lov(!, do not make
yourself kin^j;. It is Lueien who urjfes you to
It. Do not listen to him." Napoleon smiled
\V[w\\ her kindly, and said, " Why, my poor Jo-
seph iie, are you mad V" . . . She knew the in-
tensity of her husband's love. She also knew
the boundhi.ssnesH of his ambition. — Ahhott's
Napolkon I., vol. 1, eh. 24.
179. AMBITION, Awakened. 8ir I. Newton.
It is a question witli English teachers whether
schoolboys ought or ought not to be permitted
to settle their cpiarrels by a fair fight with fists.
In the great .schools of Kton, Westminster,
Harrow, and others, fighting is tacitly allowed ;
but in the smaller schools, especially those under
the charg(; of dissenters, it is forbidden. . . .
The greatness of Sir Isaat; Newton dates from a
fight which he had with one of his schoolfellows
when he was thirteen years of age. At that
time, according to his own confession, lu; was
very idle at school, and stood last in the lowest
class but one. Oni; morning, as \w was going
to school, the boy who was first in the same
class kicked him in the stomach with so much
violerw-e as to cause him severe pain during the
day. When the school was dismis.sed, he chal-
lenged tlie boy to fl.ght him. The challenge
being accepted, a ring was formed in the church-
yard, the usual place of combat, and the fight
i)egun. Newton, a weakly boy from his birth,
was inferior 'o his aMfngoni.st in size and
strength ; but, smarting luuier a .sense of the in-
dignity he had received, he fought with so much
spirit and resolution as to compel his adversary
to cry, Enough. The school miusfer's son, who
had been clapping one of them on the back and
winking at the other, to urge on the contest, and
who acted a.s a kind of umpire, informed the
victor that it was necessary to crown his triumph
by rubbing the other boy's nose against the
wall. Little Nswton seized him by the ears,
thrust his face against the rough side of the
church, and walked home exulting in his victory.
The next ;iK)rning, however, lie had again
the mortification of seeing his <!nemy at the
head of the class, while he occupied his usual
place at the foot. He began to reflect. Could
he regard himself in the light of a victor wliih;
his foe lorded it over him in the; schoolroom ?
Tiie applauding shouts of his MchooIfollowH had
been grateful to his ears, but his enemy enjoyed
the approval of the teacher. The laurels of the
playground seemed to fade in comparison with
the nobler triumphs of the mind. The result of
his reflections was, that \w determined to con-
i{ucr his adverwiry again by getting to the head
of his class. — Ovci.orKDiAOK Biou., p. 244.
I HO. AMBITION, Cruelty of. liriie. Va»\
stantine, surnaiiKMl Copronymus, . . . dying left
this priiKte [his son Leo), then niii(> y(>ars old, to
flie government of his mother Irene, who ruled
the empire [of the Kiwl| rather as a sovereign
than as a regent. She was an al)le woman, and
foresaw the dangt^r to the einpirt! from the am-
bition and power of ('harlemagiu\ To avert any
bo.stile ])urposes, till she should Ix; in a (^ciiditioii
to oppose them with elTvet. she brought about a
negotiation for the marriage of her son with the
(huighter of Charlemagne ; but it was far from
her intention that (his piatch should ever be w
('oin|)lished. Irene, on the contrary, was too
fond of j)ower herself to consent to anything
that might deprive her of the reins of govern
nunt. Slu! kept tlu^ young Constantlne in the
most absolute depeiidenct^ and sul)inission ; and
when at hust ho endeavored to assume that
dignity nrhich belongcid to him, she, on pretence
of trea.s(,!iable designs, threw him into prison,
deprived him of his eyes, and put him to death.
— Tvti,kk';< Hist., HookH, ch. 'A.
I§l. AMBITION in the Choroh. Hchm„x.
Ambition is a weed of quick and early vegela
tion in the vineyard of Christ. Under the first
Christian princes the chair of St. Peter was
disputed by th(i votes, the venality, the violence,
of a popular election ; tlu; sanctuaries of Itome
were polluted with blood ; and from the third
to the twelfth century the church wtus distracted
by the mischief of frequent schisms. — Gibbon's
UoMK, ch. tjy.
ISa. AMBITION cursed. Gen. Frrmr. a.d.
1777. [Gen. Eraser, one of Gen. Burgoyne's
major-generals, fell at the battle of Saratoga.)
He ((uestioned the surgeon eagerly as to his
wound, and when he found that he must go
from wife ami children, that fame and pro-
motion and life were gliding from before his
eyes, he cried out ip his agony : " Damned am-
bition!" — Bancroft's U. S., vol. 9, ch. 24.
I §3. AMBITION, Deluaive. Roman Emperor
.Vii.dmu8. The imprudent Maximus . . . grati-
fied his resentment and ambition ; he saw the
bleeding corpse of Valentinian at his feet ; and
he heard himself saluted Emperor by the unan-
imous voice of the Senate and people. But tin;
day of his inauguration was the last day of his
happiness. He was imprisoned (such is the
lively expres.sion of Sidonius) in the palace ;
and after passing a sleepless night, he sighed
that he had attained the summit of his wishes,
and aspired only to d(^s(•elld f lom the dangerous
elevation. Oppre.s,sed by tln^ weight of the
diadem, he communicated his .uixious thoughts
to his friend and (puestor Fulgentius ; and when
he looked back with unavailing regret on the
secure pleasures of his former life, the emperor
exclaimed, "O fortunate Damocles, thy reign
began and ended with tlu! same dinner ;" a
well-known allusion. . . . The reign of Maximus
continued about three months. His hours, of
f
\
i
i
iv
(1
#
1
f
AMHITION.
93
i
which hf Imu loxt llic coiniimiKl, were (list iirlicii
\)y n'rnorsc, or nwiU, or li-rror, iiikI IiIh llironc
WAN Khiikcii liv llicNcilitiotiM of the NolditTN, tlu-
p«^(>|>l<', iitiil l)i<- confcdcriiti l)iirliiiriiiim. — Uiii-
uon'h lioMK, < li. :tft.
n't. AMBITION, Deitrnotive. AmiHm'inition
of JulivK CiiKiir. Tlic prim ipal tliiiijr thiil ex-
cited tlio piiiilic Imlrcd. and iit jiist caiiMcd Ills
death, waH his pasNioii for the title of kiii^'. It
wnH the first thiiifr that pive olTeiice to tlit; iiiul-
tltiide, iirid it afforded Ins inveteratt; eiieiuies ii
v<'ry pliiuHilile pica. — I'mtaik ii.
IM5. AMBITION, Determination of. Al<:riiii-
ilrr llamiltiiii. His mother, while he was ^et a
<'liild, had left liiiu an orphan and poor. A
fafher'H<'an' lie seems never to have known. . . .
I When a clerk in his native West India.) . . .
To II friend of his own y<'ars |he| eonfes.sed his
ainhition. " I would willinj'ly risk my life,"
Hjiid he, " fhon^h not my character, to exalt mv
stdtion. I mean to prepare the way for futuri-
ty ; we have .seen such scjiemes successful when
the projector is constant." — Hanchokt'h V . S.,
vol. 7. eh. n.
180. AMBITION differs. Al,.r„nde)' the Qrmt
and Pariiifnio. Darius had sent a second em-
hiifwy to Ah^.xander, wliilc! he was engaged in
the Hi(!ge of Tyr-. The; Persian now assurncid n
humhier tone, lie; offered ten thousand talents
for the ransom of his mother and his (|U(;en, and
he agreed to give Alexander his daughter Statini
In marriage, with all tln^ .Vsiatic provinces to
the westward of the Ktiphrales for her |)ortioii.
When the.s(^ terms were made known to the
Macedonian ofllcers, I'armenio could not help
remarking, Miat, were he Alexander, he would
not iiesitate a moment to accept of them. " And
I," replied tke king, "might thinlc so too, if I
wer<! i'nrmenio." — Tvti.kii'h Iltsr., iiook 2, ch.
4, p. 18«.
I»7. AMBITION, Diverse. Majmhon I.— l'mn-
ard. (When Napoleon was cnwsing the Alps
witli his army, a young pcsa.sant was his
guide, and uncon.scious of tlie rank of his com
panion. Napoleon] drew from his young and j
artless guide the secrets of his heart. The young
peasant was sincere and virtuous. Jle loved a I
fair maid among the mountains. Shii loved him.
It, was his great desire to have her for his own.
He was poor, and had neither liouse nor land to
Hup[)ort a family. Napoleon .struggling . . .
against England and Austria ... to meet one
hundred and twenty thou.sand foes , , , [re-
membered his guide and gratified his ambition
in the pos8e8.sion of a home.] — AhijottV Nai-o-
LEON B., vol. 1, ch. 19.
I§8. AMBITION, Dream of. Count de. Tiroo-
lie. A. D, 1776. While Washington was toiling
under difficulties without [pecuniary] rewanl,
a ri"al in Europe aspired to his place. The
Count de Broglie, disclaiming the ambition
of becoming the sovereign of the United States,
insinuated his willingness to be for a period of
years its William of Orange, provided lie could
be assured of a large grant of money before
embarkation, an ample revenue, the highest
military ranlc, and tlie direction of foreign rela-
tions during his command, and a princely annu-
ity for life after his return. . . . Tlie poverty of
the new republic .s(!attered the great man's short-
lived dream. — B.vnckoft's U. S., \()I. 9, ch. 16.
IM9. AMBITION, Envious. TlifmiitU)fifi> Ih^
Alliiuiiiit StiitfHmiiii iiiiil iliinnil. 'I'liemisto
cles was so carried awav with the love of glory,
so immoderately desfrous of distinguishing
himself by some great action, that, though
he was very young wluii the battle of Mara-
thon was fought, anil when tin- gr'neralship
of .Milliades was everywhere extolled, yet even
then he was observed to keep much alone, to be
very ix-nsive, to watch whole nights, and not to
atlxind the usual entertidnnieiil>i. When he was
asked Hk! reason by his friends, who wondiTed
at the change, he said, " The trophiesof Miltiadcs
would not suffer him to .sleep."— I'l.tTMKii.
I90. AMBITION, Failure of. Sir W. Si;.ii
There is something of irony in such a result of
the herculean labors of Scott to found and
end((W a new branch of the elan of Scott. Whi-n
fifteen years after liis death the estate was at
length freed from debt, all his own «'hildren
and the eldest of his grandchildri'ii were dead ;
and now forty-six years have elapsed, and there
only remains (»ne .uirl of his descendants to bor
row his nimie and live in the halls of which be
was so proud. And yet ibis, and this only, was
wanting to give something of the grandeur of
tragedy to tlu; end of Scott's great ent(!r[)rise.
He valued his works littler eompiired with the
house and lands which they wen, to be; the
means of gaining for his desceiulants ; yet every
end for which he stru.irgl<'d so gallantly is ail
lint lost, while bis works have gained more of
added lustn; from the losing batth^ which he
foinrht so long, than they could ever have gain
ed from his success. — ill 'rroN's Scott, ch. 17.
101. AMBITION, Field of. Voiin;) Hniijht.
He went forth, if we are to believe literally the
chroniclers of tliose ages, witli the determined
])iirpose of provoking to combat some otlnr
knight of established renown ; and to effect this
a pretence was never wanting. lie bad only to
as.sert boldly that the lady whom it was his liaj)
])iness to serve and obey excelled every other
female in beauty and in virtue, as inucli as the
moon sui'iiassed th(! stars in splendor, and tj in-
si.st upon every knight he met making the same
acknowledgment. The high esteem of the fe
male se.\ we liave before remarked to have been
characteristic of the Gotliic manners. — Tytlkk's
lIiHT., Book 6, ch. 10.
19S. AMBITION, Inhuman. The IHnmKiri.
Octavius, Mark Antony, and I.epidus lield a
conference in a .small island in tlu; middle of the
river Po. They agreed that, under the title of
Triumviri, they should ])os.sess tliemselvea of
absolute authority ; and they made a partition
on the spot of all the provinces, and divided be
tween them the command of the legions. . . .
TIh! Eastern provinces were as yet posses-sed In
Brutus and tlie otlier conspirators, against wliom
it was determined that Antony and Octjivius
should immediately march with a large army.
Mefore entering, liowever, upon this expedition,
it was resolved to clear tlie ^vay by a proscrij)-
tion of all that were obno.xious to any one of
the Triumviri ; a dreadful resolution, since the
firmest friends of any one of the three had nec-
essarily been the enemies of tlie others. What
souls must these men have possessed, who could
advise or consent to so horrible a scheme ! Ij<'-
pidus agreed to sacrifice bis brother I'aulus ;
u
l" VV«r,l N, "i.''"'"; '•'•'•■-..I. , „: ; V""" '""/«.lv
"' VVunl N„
r'-i '^"u" ,'7f;;,"';"-\/'" "' .. '"7; '""-"rrov; '
•''"^"^ lit JiTf®^' literary ,,.,,
""" "l)v l»r, '"■'* "^ (/mi I,/ • "'•'" and
>"'>mii„a of te""" 'Ini'iw", r , S' ■ !'»■ "'"l
'"''• Tli.r, *"'^< lofty 7v
'""•"•y tail (1. . ' "'"'"ll .Mil,. .'^'V''' '•«
'IK' will. ""' '"'•"Kills ,,f l»"n»«i NO of
"•'•''•I', in M. , ''^'.'{^'""•l. '/■;,/",'" ''"•«•.
''■'^' "<> V ,Z "•;"/ '"'•' '•<•;:&;., ";i/"V"/"'"'-'>'^
""•^ '""1 > ■ I :; """"" '•"'•<"•'• "i ;'t* '^"^^'^
^^' 'T'eser.— Tv ., . >^ ""Ptizt'd or , .. "^ »'"
aoo Air ''''"« HiHi. n 1 ''^''"'ued ii,
•„..„i''.H^V«l'eI,adJ.n..i'^: To«uel,d«r.K;!:l^J'^^^ „^^ mcVtoH "^ I'C oric 1'"'*^ '^^ 0*
^•''OsheatlS j^?"""" ^'^-ftniple of ??n'^ "'e
fe ^«r^ %ron, as weljTn,„ J ','?'"«ted by ^, '""f 'Evolved To'' 'I ^^"ch
' '""J J discipline of Ws,?"*"^' °f C jfen?"''^"^ t«r-
^'•^ '-P3. the a jro?sSi£:
•7
/ ;
'1
AMHITION-AMKHU A.
25
Id.
r
iiml fvrn liv tlw tcrrfir of Ills niuiw.- Oiiihon'b
UoMK, eh. ':!!).
'iOtl. AMBITION, aiaepUii. Srihomil II.
j F"'ciirlii>^ the lirilicM nl' his i nt'iiiirs, lie Hciit for
Ills pi'iliK' vi/.irr III iiiiiliiiKlii. wlio I'liiiii' with
iniK'li itliirin to Inirn Muhoiiiil'M mixirty hi pos
HCHMCoiisiiiiiiinopIr I " Lulu "(or piTcciilor), roii
(iiiiiril (lie Hiiltitn, " till you sec this pillow ? All
tlio iiiv'lii, ill my auritiition, I Imvc piilli>il on one
Niitt'or ihi'othcr ; I liuvi- rlMcii t'roin my Im-iI, ii^mIii
liuvi! I lain down ; yrt Hlcrp has not vis||<>i| tjusi'
weary i yrs. licwiii'f of llm pild ami Hllvcr of
till! itomaiis . . . with tlii' aid of (iod and the
priiy«'rs of the prophet, we shall s|Kedlly he
eome masters of (.'oiihliinlinoiile, " — (JiliiioNS
UoMi:, ( h. (W.
!I0:I. AMBITION, Spurred. (Wnftid Sehuyhr.
A.n. 1777. !*•''"• Uales asked ConjjresM to ap-
point himself to supersede Schuyler in eommand
at Alliaiiy and 'rieondero^a. | Ills iinetiHy and
unihitioiis wif(' let her volet- he heard : " If you
icivi! up one iolii, and (•ondes<'end to lie adjutant
general, I may for^^ive it, hut never will forjjet
it." [III! was iintit for either iiosition, hut
>,mined his point.] — Banckokt'h l. H., vol. 1),
eh. W).
90J. AMBITION, Snbordinated. Oliirr Crom-
well. Maeaulay . . . .says: "'riu! amliition
of Oliver was of no vuljfiir kind. IIo never
Hcems to have coveted despotic power, lie, at
Hrst, foujflit sincerely and manfully for the
Parliament, and never deserted it till it liad d(>-
serted its duly. Hut even when thus placed hy
violence at the head of alFairs, he did nota.ssumc
luriimited jiower. II(! jjave the country a con-
stitulioii far more jierfect than any which had,
at thai time, lieen known to the world. For
himself, he demanded indeed the first iilaee in
the Commonwealth, hut with powers .scarcely
HO j^reat as those of a Dutch stadtholder or an
American president, lie pive to Pariiameiit a
voice in the appointment of ministers, and left
it to \\w whole le;;islativ() authority, not even
re.s(!rvin^ to himself u veto on its enactments ;
and he did not reciuire that the chief miiKistracy
HhouUl be hereditary in his family. Thus far,
if the circumstances of the time and the ojipor-
tunities which he had for ajr/^randizing himself
be fairly considered, lie will not Jose by com-
parison with Wa.shiugton and Holivar. " — I'ood's
C'llOMWELL. ch. 1.
a05. AMBITION, Unhappy. Tiino)n' the 7)tr-
1<tr. [The nuptials of his si.\ grandsons were
celebrated for two months.] The historian
of Timour may remark, that, after diivoting
fifty years to the attainment of empire, the
<)nly lmp))y period of his life were the two
mcmths in which lie ceased to exercise his
jiower. But he was .soon awakened to the cares
of fTovernmeut and war. — GiiiuoNs Ho.mi:,
ch. «r).
itOtf. AMBITION unBatiBfied. Rirmnn Emjwr-
or Severvs. The ascent to greatness, however
steep and dangerous, may entertain an activi-
spirit with the consciousness and exercise of its
own powers ; but the po.ssession of a throne could
never yet afford a lasting satisfaction to an
ambitious mind. This melancholy tnilh was
felt and acknowledged by Sevenis. Fortinie
and merit had, from an humble station, elevated
liim to the flrst place among mankind. " lie
had been all tlilngM." \v». he siil.t lilmself. " ami
all was of little value." |)lstra<-ted with the
rare, not of aci|ulrliig, but of preserving an cm
pire, oppressed with age and inllrinitles carelesit
of fame, and satiated with iiower, all his pros-
pects of life Were closed, 'jiie desire of jierpet-
iiatinic the grealncsH of his tamlly was the only
remaining wish of his ambition and paternal
tenderness.— (SiiiiioNs Komi;, ch. U.
407. AMBITION, UnBorupuloni. SUjihn .1.
Itoiiiiliix. His laiilts were great and liimeiitiihle.
Like so niiiiiv other public men who spend
their winters In Washington, Ik- lived loo freely
and drank too iiiikIi. If he was a skilful poli-
tician, he was sniiielinies all iinscnipiilous one,
and supported meiisiires fur party rca.sons whh'li
he ought to have oiipiised for humane and patri-
otic ones, lie saiil himself lliiit I'lesideiit I'olk
coinmitted the giiraiilic crime of " precipitating
the country into the Mexican war to avoid the
ruin of the Democratic partv, " and knowing
this, he supported him in it. flis rapid and uni-
form success IIS a politician inllamed his amlii-
tion, and he made push after iiush fortlii! I'rcsl-
deticv, and linally perinillcd his iiarty to be
diviiled rather than postpoiu' his hopes.' lie
was in loo much of a liurrv to be President. — •
''v(i,(>i'Ki>i.\ OK Mioo., J). ;i()l.
aO«. AMBITION, War of. "S,r,n Yxirx' Wnr."
[Frech-rick the (freat professed frieiidship and
support to the voung ruler of .Viislria. I Yet the
King of Prussia, the " Aiiti .Machiavef," had al-
ready fully determined to commit the great
criiiK! of vfolating his plii,'hted faith, of rolihing
the ally whom he was bound to defend, and of
plunging all Euroju' into a long, bloody, and
desolating war, anil all this for no end whatever
exee|)t that he might extend his doniinions and
see his iiaiiK! in the gazettes, lie determined to
assemble a great army with speed and .secrecy to
invade Silesia before Maria Theresa shoulil bo
apprised of his design, and to add that rich ])rov-
ince to his kingdom . . . To {|uole his own
words : " Ambition, interest, the desire of mak-
ing |ieo])le talk about nie, carried the day, and I
decided for war." — MA('.\L'i..\v'rt FujiuKUKK
THK GllKAT, J). 28.
tKM). AMERICA for Americans. " .}fonrm!
Doctrine." The British and French iiiiiiisters
])!dposed to the American Government to enter
into a Tripartite Treaty — so called — in which
each of the contracting nations was to disclaim
then and forever all intention of possessing
Cuba. To this iirojio.sal Mr. [Alex. II. j J>erett
replied in one of the most masterly State pajiers
on record. Great Britain and France we.-e in-
formed . . . that the Federal Government did
not recognize in any Eurojieaii ])ower the right
to meddle with attairs purely American, and
that, in accordance with the (lix'trine set forth
by President ]\Ionroe, any such interference
would be resented as an affront to the sover-
eigntv of the United States. — Hiui'Atu's U. S.,
ch. .W.
210. AMEBICA, Future of. Jjifiuiette. IIo
received the order of the king [of France] to
give up his expedition [in aid of the Americans]
. . . he braved the order, and . . . embarked
for America. . . . To his young wife . . .
he wrote on board the Victory, at sea ;
' ' From love to mc become a good American ;
2»i
AMEUICA-AMrSKMKNTM.
tliK wi'lfiiro rif Aiik'I'IihIh (lowly lionrnl up with
till! wclfiiru of ull iniiiikind ; it Im uIhiiiI to Im>
oonio llio wifo iwyliiiu of virtue, lolmiici-,
t'qniillty, hikI iwiuiful iilK-rly. " — IJaniuokt'h
I'. H,. vol. 0, ell. in.
ill I. AMKRICA, MiMion of. .Mm Aihimx.
"I lilwuyM," Hitiil .John AiiiitiiM, " ('oiihIiIit tiie
Hcltlciiicnl of Aini-ricii willi rcvcri'iu)' iiikI won
tier, ikM till- opi'iiin^ (if II >rrmi(| hcciic uml (IchIi;!)
ill I'roviiii'iicc for llic ilhiiiiiniitioti of tlie igno
runt iiiiii tiic ('iiiiiii('i|iikli(>ii of llic NiaviMli part
of iniiiiliiiiil nil over lilt) furlli."— ll.vNfUoKTH
L'. S.. vol. 5, ell. II.
ilia. AMXBIOA, ProphMjr of. Shrmont („
G,orfie III. [Ill A.i>. Im.') he iircdictcd If Wv
t'oioiiii'H Ruined iiidi'pciidciici' : | I'licy iiii);lit con
qiicr both your islitiid.s mid oiirH . . . in proccNH
of tiiiKi uiivikiicc to (he Houllicrn continent of
Anii-ricii, mid cither hiiIkIiii! their inliitliitiiniM, or
curry them iiloiiir willi tlieiii, mid in the end not
leilVi! II foot of lliut hellii.Hplure ill tlie po.txcssion
of nil Kiiropeun power . . . Iieiiii; remote lliey
an! not tliu Icmh wuic. — IJanciiokt'i* L'. H., vol. 8,
di. ni.
illil. AMERICA, Traniformation in. " Finnttnin
of Youth." Oil the diMcoscry of the new lieiiii-
Hpli<!n\ i\w tradition wus widely Hpreud through-
out i\w old, that it coiiceulH a fountain wIioh(! cver-
llowiii>? waters liuvt! oower l()reu!iimul( ujfo und
restore itH |irim(!. llu; tiadition was tnut; liiit
the youth to lu! rencwd wus the yoiilli of soci-
ety ; the life to bloom afresli was \\n\ life of the
race. — Uanciiokt'm '. . S., vol. .1, cli. I!J.
iilJ. AMERICANS deipiied. Dr. Sumiid John-
ton. ll(t had recently tmliliHlied a pamplii(!t, en-
titled " 'I'lLxutioii no 'I'vrmuiy ; an Answer to
thu Uesolutions and Addritss of tliu Americnii
(JonKrcsH." . . . As early us 17(10 . . . ho had
Hald of lliein, " Sir, they are a raci; of convicts,
and ou>;ht to Ih; thunkful for anything we al-
low them short of hanging." — Hohwkm.'h John-
HON, p. 2;<7.
ai;i. AMERICANS hated. Dr. SninidJo/m-
Hon. He said : " 1 am willing to lov(( ull man-
kind, fJ"'V7)< ail Aiiw rial n ;" and his intlammu-
blo corruption bursting into liorrid tire, \\o
" lirouthed out threatenings and .slaughter,"
calling them, " lluscals, roblx^rs, pirates;" vnd
exclaiming, he'd "bum and destroy tl.i .i "
Miss Seward, looking to him with mild (> .t
Htwidy astonishment, said : " Sir, this is :\ii in-
stance that we are nlways most violent ag .inst
tlioso whom we have injured." He wa:t irritat(!d
still more by this delicate und keen rei)roach. —
Bohwi:m/h JoiiNhoN, J). !J8().
316. AMUSEMENT, Captivated by. Louis Phi-
lippe. [The Duke of OileaiiH travelled in the Uni-
tcfi States j/ic^w/.] At a tavern the duke leinonF a-
ted with the lundludy for not attending to their
■wants. She replied that there was a show in
the village, the tinst show ever seen in that coun-
try, and she was not going to stay at liome her-
Bclf, nor re(]uirc any one else to stay, to wait on
anybo(ly ; not she, indeed 1 — Cyclopedia ok
Bigg., p. 509.
317. AITUSEMEHT, Disappointed in. Monks.
In England . . . the Gray Friars of Francis [ar-
rived] in 1224. They had hardly landed at Dover
before they made straight for London and Ox-
ford, In their ignorance of the road the first two
gray hrothers loHt their wav in tlie woods between
( )xford and lluldoii, and. h'urful of night and of
the floods, tiirncil uside to a grunge of the monkit
of Abingdon. Their rugged clothes und foreign
gestures, us they priiveil for luispitulity, led Ihn
(lorterlo take tliem fur Jongleurs, the jesters and
iigiflers of the (lav. unil the news of this break
n the iiioiiolotiy of their lives brought prior,
.sacrist, and cellarer to the door to welcome them
and witness their trick*. The disuppoinlmciil
wus loo much for the temper dI' the monks, and
the Ill-others were kicked roiiglily from the gulo
(o 'lii,! their iiiiflifs lodgings under a tree.—
llisl'. OK |;n(1. I'Kdl'I.K, j; "JOH.
3 IN. AMUSEMENTS, Brutal, Itrooilsirorfh.
During th ' llr.sl half of the eitrhleeiilh century,
ull ranks ','uthered to see " a trial of skill between
two masters of the uolilc science of defence."
The tights of the ring have been brutali/ing
enough ; but to behold two men cut at each
other with broadswords, till one wus (li>.ablcd by
severe wounds on tlii\ forehead und \\u' leg, wiisii
lirutalitv that was ul its height in the Augustun
uge. — IvNKiiiTS Kn(1., vol. 5, ell. 27.
310. AMUSEMENTS of Combat, h'omon Th,-
iiliY. l'(iiii|iey (l((ii( iiled a new theulre, and
delighted the mob with games und races. Five
liuiidrcd lions wcrt" consumed in five davH
of comliat. As a special novelty, eigliteen ele-
pliunts were muih^ to tight with soldiers ; and,
as a yet more extraordiniiry jilieiiomenon, tlu;
sunguinarv Itoman snectalors sliowed signs of
(dinpuiicllon at their sulTerings. The poor
beasts wen; (juiet and harmless. VVheii
wounded with Uw lances llicy turned away,
threw up their trunk. >, and trotted round tin.'
circus, crying, as it In protest, against wanton
cruelty. I In; story went that they were half
human ; that they had been seduced on board
the African tninsports by a i)roinise that they
should not be ill-used, and they were supposed
to be appealing to the gods. — Fuouuk'b CiKSAii,
ch. ir..
330. AMUSEMENTS, Degraded by. Romans.
The drama, even in Horace's days, had degen-
erat.'d into a vehiclt! for the exhibition of scen-
ic splendor or ingenious machinery. Dignity,
wit, pathos, were no longer cxiM'cted on tho
stage, for tlve dramatist was eclipsed by tho
swordsman or the rojie-dancer. The actor*
who al).sorl)ed Ww greatest part of popular favor
were ])antoniimisls, wliose insolent prosperity
was generally in ilirect proportion to the infamy
of their chuructcr. And while the shameles8ncs.H
of tlm theatre corrupt.'d the purity of ail classes
from tli(! earliest age, tlieheurtsot the multitude
were mude liurd as tlie nether millstone with
brutal insensibility, by the fury of the circus,
the atrocities of the uinphitheutre, and the cruel
orgies of tlie games, Augustus, in the d(}cu-
nicnt annexed to his will, nuintioned that ho
had exhibited eight tliousand gladiators and
three thousand five hundred and ten wild beasts.
— Fakuah's Eaiu.v Days, ch. 1.
331. AMUSEMENTS, DeUght in. Circus, Tho
most lively and splendid amusement of the idle
multitude depended on the frequent exhibition
oi public games and spectacles. The piety of
Cliristiun princes liad suppressed the inhuman
combats of gladiators ; but the Roman people
still considered the circus as their home, their
^
AMI SKMKNTS— AN(JKI.
a?
I
trmplf, ami tlu' will of tli<> rcpiihlir. The liii
putlfiit criiwil riiNlicil at tin- tliiwii of dity to si-
inrK tlx'ir pliiicM, uml tluri' were inniiy who
i)i)hn(mI u Nlt'i'plcHM anil anxioim iil^lit in liic iiil-
Jacnit |Hirti('(M. From tlif iiiorniti); lo the
cvi'iiiii};, cari'lt'MM of till- H<in, or of tlic rain, tlif
HpcctatorN, wiio soini'tinii'H arnoiiiitol to llic niiin
Ix'r of four liiindrril llioiisanii, ri'iiiaiiiiMl in
vMUvr atti'iilion ; llicir v\vh tlxnl on Ilic liorMrs
•iMit cliariiitnrs, tlicir niln<lM aKitatnl witli lio|>('
and fear, for llic siiccfssof llic (•((/«/•« wlilcli llicy
t'spotiHt'd ; and tlic liappini'ss of Home aplirurril
to iiaiiffon llic tvcnl ol a vmv. — UlliiioNH Udmk,
ell. :m.
tl*i4. AMUSEMENTS lnt«rdioted. /(// I'uri-
tiiim. I'id)iic ainiiHcnicnlH, from llw inaM(|ii<'s
wliicli were cxiiiliitcd at tli<- mansions of tjir
jfrcat down lo llic wrcstlinir malclics and >;rin-
niiiK malciit'H on villairc uircns, were viiforously
atlackt'd. One ordinani !■ dincli'd lliat all tlic
May poles in Knulaiid slionld foiiliwilli lie liiwn
down. Anotlicr proscrilird all tlinitrical di
versions. The play houses were to he disman-
tled, the spectators tilled, the iiclors whipped at
the cart's tail. Uoiic-dancin.tf, puppclshows,
howls, horseracinit. were rej^arded with no
friendly eye. Hut hear hailiii),', men ii favorile
diversion of Idirli and low, was the ahomination
which most stirred the wrath of the austere
wu'taries . . . not hccause it pivc pain to the
l)ear, hi't hecaust! it j;ave pleasure lo lh(( specta-
tors. Indeed, he |;enerally <'oiilrlved lo enjoy
tht! (louhle pleasure of tormenlin)? lioth the spec-
tjitors and the bear. — M.vc.vui.w's Hist, ok
Eno., ch. 11.
aaa. amusements, sanguinary. li»rmii fir-
CVH. Ily \\w order of [llrvcmperorj I'rohus, a
ffrotit (piantity of lari^c trees, torn \in liy the
roots, wero transplanted into the midst of the
circus. The apacious and shady forest was im-
mediately fliled with a thousand ostriches, a
thoustmcl Htatfs, a thousand fallow deer, and a
IhouHiind wiul hoars ; antl all this variety of
game was abandoned to the riotous inipetuosiiy
of the multitude. The trajjedy of the succeed-
ing day consisted in the massacre of a hundred
lionH, an ecpial number of liones.ses, two hun-
dred leopards, and three hundred bears. TIk;
collection prepared by the younjjer Oordian for
his triumph, and which his successor exhibited
in the secular games, was less remarkable by
the number than by the singularity of the ani-
mals. Twenty zebras displayed their elegant
fonifs and variegated beauty to the eyes of the
lioman people. Ten elks, and as many camel-
'opards, the loftiest and most harmle.ss creat-
ures that wander over the i)laiiis of Sar-
matia and Ethiopia, were contrasted with
thirty African hyenas and ten Indian tigers, tlu;
most implacable .savages of the torrid zone.
The unoflfending strength with which Nature
has endowed the greater C|uadrupeds was ad-
mired in the rhinoceros, the hippopotamus of
the Nile, and a majestic troop of thirty-two ele-
phants . . . and properties ot so many dilTerent
species, transported from every part of the
ancient world into the amphitheatre of Rome.
But this accidental benefit, which science might
derive from folly, is surely insufficient to jus-
tify such a wanton abuse ot the public riches. —
Gibbon's Rome, ch. 12.
tMI. AMUSEMENTS, Sanday. U,im,H |In
l.MCI, I after the eveiilni: service, to hIiimiI at lli^
baths, to play at football, even lo s«'e an inter-
lude, were not accounted unchristian oecu|ni-
lions. Koiind the old manor house the lads
and lasses of the village would have their Sun-
day evening games of barley liteak and liaiiil-
ball. while Ihe H(|uire, and even llie parson,
would look approvingly on. — KsKiiri s K.no.,
vol. :», ch. Id, p. '2.11.
ihl.1. ANCESTRY, Humble. I'.hI 11, „■„,:■. \\U
father was a Komaii slave, who, some years
before Horace was born, olilaiiied liji "free
dom. " Kverybody has a lling at me," he
says in one of his satires (the sixth of n
first), "because I am afreMlniMn's son." H"
owed his name lo the fact ihat his father's
master belonged to the Horaliaii tribe. — (vri.ii-
I'KDi.v OK Itioii.. p. :I7:<.
4'J<I. ANCESTRY ineffsotive, I'rinr, fl'ii»rt.
He was born at i'rague, in Itttll ; his father had
c'aiined to be, and liiid got himself and his fair
young ipieen crowned. King and t^ueen of Mohe-
mia, .so Ihat tln' prince was born with all Ihe
assum|)tii>ns of royally around him. ilut his
genealogist says, " lie began to be illustrious
many years before his birth, and we must look
back into history, above two thousand y^-ars, to
discover Ihe tlrst rays of his glory. V'e may
consider," continues Ihe writer, "him very
great, being descended from the two most illus-
trious and ancient houses of Kurope, thai of
Knglandand Palatine of the Rhine." And then
the writer goes on to lrac(! up his ancestry to
Atlila, Charlemagne, and so down through ti
suct'cssion of Uui)erts, Louis, Fredericks. The
facts after the birth of Rupert are an atfecting
satire upon all this. (He was headstrong and
imprudent.)— Hood's Cuo.mwki.i,, ch. It.
aar. ancestry, Unllke. OrlnniM I'rincvH.
These Orleans princes became, in the <'ouise of
four or five generations, immensely rich — tlic!
richest family in Franc(', if not in Kurope. One
Duke of Orleans gave away in charl'v every
year a quarter of a million francs ; tw > others
were the scandal of Christendom for extrava-
gance and debauchery, and still their estates in-
creased. It hapi)eiie(l, curiously enough, that
a virtuous Duke of Orleans usually had a very
dissolute .son, and a dissolute duke a virtuous
.son, so that what one s(iuandered the next heir
made up by economy. l*hilit)pe, brother of
Louis XIV'., was tolerably steady; his .son.
Philippe, Ite.uent of France, was one of the
most shameless roues, gluttons, and wine-bib-
bers that I'ver lived ; hinm-tw, Louis, was a down-
right devotee and bigot ; fun Him, Louis Philippe,
was not 'vliat we should call a moral man. but
he was very moral for the France of that day,
exceedingly charitable, and a most liberal
patron of art and literatuns ; /u'k son, Louis
Philippe Jo.seph, was that notorious debauchee
and pretended democrat wlio figured in the
first years of the French Revolution as "Egalite. '
— CYCLOPKDt/V OK Bioo., p. 504.
aa§. ANGEL, Delivering. Joan of Air.
When it was day, the Maid rode in solemn pro-
cession through the city, clad in complete
armor, and mounted on a white horse. Dunois
was by her side, and all the bravest knights of
her army and of the garrison followed ia her
T
•Z8
AN'OKIl— ANIMAF.S.
Irir!:i. Tho wlioln pnpiiliilioi) fliron^icd aroiiml
licr ; iind moil, svoincii, timl cliildicii sItdvc to
touch her pirincnlH. or lirr hniincr, or Iht
(:litir>,'('r. They iHMircd forlli Mfssinirs on her,
whom tlicy iilrciidy considered their deliverer.
In tlie wonls used hy two of tiiem !itterwiird he-
fon; tile tril)UUiil wiiieii reversed tlie sentence,
hut could not restore tlr^ life of tl:i' viririn
miirtyr of France, "tlie people of Orleans,
when Ihey first saw her in Mieir city, tliou.udit
that it was an anifcl from lieuven that iiad come
down U> save them." .Joan spoke f,fently in rejily
to their acclamations and addresses. 'She lolll
them t(. fear(iod, and trust in Him for .safety
from the fury of their enemies. — Dixisivk
J}.\ttm;s, i; ;!H1.
2il9. ANOER, Symptom of.
St. ih'lenii Sir Hudson J^owe,
very olTensiv«? to him. After
])ok'on said :| " \\\t liad a
hiive heen thrown ((uite out
y<i)xilri)ii I. [At
lh(^ ffovernor, was
an interview Na-
violent scene. I
of temper. . . .
My (in.uer must liave heen jiowerfully excited,
for I felt a vihration in tlie calf of my left le<r.
This is ulway.s a sure si<^n witl) me, and 1 have
not felt it for a loiiij time heforc." — Aiusott's
jSJai'olko.v J}., vol. 2, ch. HI.
aaO. ANGUISH prolonged. (uirihuUU. Once
111 South Aiucrica . . . Iieinij taken prisoner,
ho was cruelly heaten with a cluh, thenhun^hy
his liands to a heam for two hours, during
which Ik; sulTcred the an^juish of a hundred
<leaths ; and when cut down, fell lieiple.ss to t]<e
earth. — Cyc. ok Hioo., p. 4i(.").
331. ANIMALS, Allegorical, John Dryden.
JIc composed, with miwontcd care and lahor,
Ins celebrated j)oem on the ])()ints in dispute
hetween the (•hurches of Homk' and Enjifland.
The Clnirch of Home he represented under the
similitude of a milk-white hind, ever in peril of
deatli, yet fated not to die. The heasts of the
field were bent on her destruction. Tlie (piaking
hare, indeed, observed a timorous neutrality ;
hut tlie .Siiciuian fo.\, the Presbyterian wolf, the
Independent hear, the Anabaptist lioar, glared
fiercely at the spoth^ss creature. Yet slie ccjuld
venture to drink with them at the common water-
ing-place under the protection of her friend, the
kingly lion. The Churcli of England was typi-
fied by tlie panther, spotted indeed, but beauti-
ful — too lieautif ul foralx-astof jirey. Theliind
and the panther, ecpiall^' Iiated by the ferocious
population of the forest, conferred apart on
their common danger. They then proceecied to
discus.s the points on whi(;li they differed, and,
while wagging their tails and licking their jaws,
hold a long dialogue touching the resil jiresence,
the autliority of popes and council.<, the penal
laws, the Test Act, Oates's jjerjuries, Butler's
unretpiited services to the Cavalier party, Still-
ingtieet's pamphlets, and Burnet's broad shoul-
ders and fortunate matrimoniid speculations. —
Macaui.ay's En«., ch. 7.
aaa. animals attracted. Sir Walter Scott.
[A grand company of guests were mounted for
an expedition ] " The order of march had been
all settled, and the sociable was just getting
under weigh, when (fie fjidy Anne broke from
the line, screaming with laughter, and ex-
claimed,' Papa ! papa ! I know you could never
think of going without your pet.' Scott looked
round, and I rather think there was a blush as
well ns a smile upon his face, when lie perceived
a little black jiig frisking about his pony, and
evidently a selfcleeted addition to the i)arty of
the (lav. Me tried to look .stern, and cracked
his whip at the erejiture, but w.is in a moment
obliged to join in llii' geiierid cheer.s. Poor
piggy . . . was dragged into the background.
. ! .'This |)ig had taken, nobody could tell
how, a most sentimental altiichmenl to .Scott, and
was constantly urging its jireteiision to \m ad-
mitted a regular member of his tail, along with
the greyhounds and terriers ; but, indeed, I re-
member him sutreri!ig apoiher summer under
the same sort of iiertiiiacity on tlu' ])art of an
affectionate hen I leave "the explanation for
philosophers. " — IIitton's .Scott, ch. 8.
a;».1. ANIMALS condemned. Pit. WhenC'frsnr
happened to see some strangers at Home carry-
ing young dogs and monkeys in their arms, and
fondly caressing them, Ik; asked, " Whether the
women in th"ir (ouiitry never liore i;ay ciiil-
dren ? " thus reproving 'with a proper ■"■verity
those who lavish upon brutes that natural ten-
derness which is due only to mankind. —
Pl.lTAIUIl.
234. ANIMALS honored. (!in«<\ (Jee.se were
ever after liad in honor at Rome, and a Hock of
tlieni always kejit at the exjien.se of the public.
A golden image of a goo.se was erected in mem-
ory of them, and a goose every year [was] carried
in trium|)h upon a soft litter, finely adorned. —
Lanoiiou.sk's Notks.
235. . n<ii(l In the battle with
Porus, Buce])halus received .several wounds, of
which lie died some tinuMd'ter. . . . Alexander
showed as much regret as if lie had lost a faith-
ful friend and comiianion. He esteemed him,
indcof', as such, and built a city near the Hy-
daspes, in the place where lie was buri^'d, whicli
he called, after him, Hticeplialia. He is also
reported to have built a city and called it Peritas,
in memory of a dog of that name, which he hail
brouglit up and was very fond of. — Pi.uTAiicH.
'236. ANIMALll. Respect for. IhtddhktH. Ani-
mal life is held sacred, and a Buddhi.st temple
looks like a barnyard, a village pound, and a
church combined. Cows, parrots, monkeys,
dogs, "oeggars, children, i)riests, sight-.seers, dev-
otees — all mingle and blend on a footing of
friendliness, the animals fearing no harm, the
men meaning none. A Buddhist priest will not
kill an animal. . . . Before he sits on the ground
he will carefully brush it, lest he might unwit-
tingly crush an ant or a worm. — Ge.n.Gkant'h
TuAVKi.s, J). ;}."):!.
237, . Superntithn. [The folly of
the crusaders was frecpiently illustrated.] Some
counts and gentlemen, at the head of three
thousand hors(>, attended the motions of the
multitude to ])artake in the spoil ; but their
genuine leaders . . . were a goose and a goat,
who were carried in the front, and to whom
these worthy Christians ascribed an infusion of
the di\ine spirit.— GinnoN's Bomk, vol. 5, ch.
58, p. b'i'i.
a3§. ANIMALS, Service of. Sheplierd'e Dog.
Without the shepherd's dog the mountainous
land in Fngjand would not l)e worth sixpence.
[T)" dog brings the sheep from heights untrod-
dL- tythe foot of man].— Knight's Eno., vol.
7, c. 2, p, 33,
T
ANIMOSITY— ANXIETY.
20
830. ANIKOSITY, Fraternal. Cararnlln and
GcUi. TliL'ir aversidii, coiiflrincd by years, and
fomented by the ail« of liieir iiitcrcsied favor-
ites, broke out iti childish and Kradiially in nion*
serious conipotition.s ; and, at Icns^lh, divided
the tlieatre, tiie eireus, and tlie court into two
factioiiH, actuated by the hopes and fearsof their
respe(;tive leaders. Tlie jirudent eniju'ror [Sev-
cruHJ endeavored, by every e.xix'dient of advice
and authority, to allay this growinjj; animosity.
The unhappy discord of his sons clouded all his
prospects, and threatened to overturn a throne
raised with so much labor, cemented with mo
nuich l)lood, and guarded witli every defence of
arms and tnw.sure. With an impartial hand \\v
maint^iined between tiicm an e.xact Imlancuj of
favor, (HMiferred on both the rank of Augustus,
witli tli(! revered name of Antoiunus ; and for
th(! first time the Roman world beheld three
emperors. Y'et even this ecjual conduct .served
only to inflame tlu; contest, while the fierce
C'ani<"alla a.sserted the right of primogeniture,
and the milder Geta courted the affections of
the people and the soldiers. In the anguish «f
a disappointed father, Severus foretold that the
weaker of his sons would fall a sacrifice to the
stronger ; who, in his turn, would be ruined by
his own vices. [See more at No. 1096. It was
a true prophecy. He was assassinated.] — Giu-
uon's Rome, eh. 0.
840. AHIM0SIT7 of Ignorance. Iteign of
Charles II. It was very .seldom that the coun-
try gentleman caught glimpses of the great
world, and what he saw of it tended rather to
confuse than to enlighten his underst^mding.
His opinions respecting religion, government,
foreign countries, and former times, having been
derived, not from study, from observation, or
from conversation with enlightened companions,
but from such traditions as were current in his
own small circle, were the opinions of a child.
He i -ihered to tliem, however, with the obsti-
nacy which is generally found in ignorant men
accustomed to be fed with flattery. His ani-
mosities were numerous and bitter. He hated
Frenchmen and Italians, Scotchmen and Irish-
men, papi-sts and Presbyterians, Independents
«nd Baptists, Quakera and Jews. Toward
London and Londoners he felt an aversion which
more than once produced important political
effects. — Macaulay's Eng., cl . 3.
341. ANIMOSITY, Unreasonable. Anti-Cath-
olic. [At the funeral of Godfrey, a Protestant
magistrate in 1678, there was great excitement,
as the Catholics were supposed to have murder-
o-d him to suppress further inqiury concerning
the Popish plot against the life of the king.] The
crowd was prodigious, and so heated that any-
thing called Popish, were it called cat or dog,
had probably gone to pieces in a moment. —
Knight's Eng. , vol. 4, ch. 20, p. 334.
343. ANNOUNCEMEKT, Appalling. Iticluird
III. But if he hated the qneenn kindred
Hastings was as loyal as the Woodvilles them-
selves to the children of Edward IV. ; and the
next step of the two dukes was to remove
this obstacle. Little more than a month had
passed after the overthrow of the Woodvilles
when Richard suddenly entered the coun-
cil-chamber and charged Hastings with sorcery
and attempts upon his life. As he dashed his
hand upon the table the room filled with sol-
diery. " I will not dine," .said the duke, turn-
ing to the nunister, " till they have brought me
your head." Hastings was hurried to execution
in the {'ourtyard of the Tower, his fellow-coun-
sellors thrown into prison, and tlie Inst cheek on
Richard's aml)iti(in was removed. — Hist, ok
Eno. Pkoi'lk, 55 4»0.
343. ANTIPATHY of Race, hrloml. Tlioug.t
not perse('Ut<'d as a Roman Catholic, he was op^
pressed as an Irishman. In his counliy, tlut
same line of demarkation which separated re-
ligions separated races ; and \\v was of the con-
(|uered, the sui)jugated, the degraded race. On
the same .soil dwelt two populations, locally in-
termixed, morally and politically sundered.
The difference of religion was by no means the
only (lift"erence, and was, perhaps, not even the
chief difference which existed between them.
They sprang from diirerent stocks. They sjwkc
different languages. They had different nation-
al characters as strongly opposed as any two
national characters in Europe. They were in
widely different stages of civilization. There
could, therefore, be little .sympathy between
them ; and centuries of calamities and wrongs
had generated a strong antipathy. — Mac allays
Eng., ch. 6.
344. ANTIQUITY, Pride in. Athfnians. This
respectable people was not free from the com-
mon vanity of nations, of attributing to it.self a
measure of antiquity far beyond all bounds of
probability. The Athenians . . . seemed to
claim for their own nation an anticpiity coeval
with the formation of the earth ; which was just
as allowable as the boast of the Arcadians, that
they were . . . older than tlie moon. — Tytlek's
Hist., Book 1, ch. 6.
345. ANXIETY, Conaximing. Marlborough.
[Duke of Marlborough, after the glorious results
of the campaign of 1704, was eager for its re-
newal the next year ; but receiving a cold sup-
port and obstinate counsels from his allies, he
was unable to do anything, while the French had
every opportunity to organize success. He
wrote :] I have for these last ten days been so
troubled by the many disappointments I have
had, that I think if it were possible to vex me
so for a fortnight longer, it would make an end
of me. In short, I am weary of my life. —
Knight's Eng., vol. 5, ch. 20.
346. ANXIETY, Parental. Robert Burm's
Father. For the old man, bis long struggle with
scanty means, barren soil, and bad .sea.sons, was
now near its clo.se. Consumption had set in. Early
in 1734, when his last hour drew on, the father
.said that there was one of his children of whose
future he could not think without fear. Robert,
who was in the room, came up to his bedside
and asked, " <> father, is it me you mean ?"
The old man s.nid it was. Robert turned to the
window, with tears .streaming down his cheeks,
and his bosom swelling, from the restraint he
put on himself, almost to bursting. The father
had early perceived the genius that "vvas ir Lis
boy, and even in Mount Oliphant days had said
to bis wife, " Whoever lives to see it, something
extraordinary will come from that boy." He
had lived to see and admire his son's earliest po-
etic efforts. But he had also noted the strong
I
' :
M
yo
anxif:ty-aim'aiuti()N.
ftnssions, with tliC wcuk will, which iiii^'lit drivo
him on tho slioiils of life— Sh.viui'h JhriiNs,
ch. 1.
air. ANXIETY of Eesponsibility. Ahnihom
Lini'"lii. [Hon. ScliiiylcrColfux. | " One nioniinir
I found him l(K)l<in^ moi'cthiin usually ])!il(' itiid
Worn, and in(]uir('d the rcanon. Me replied, wiili
liic l»ad new;! he liad received at a lute hour the
previous ni^iit, which had not yet l)een ;,nven to
the press — lu; had not closed his eyes nor hreak-
fiiHted ; and with an e.\i)i'ession I shall never
forjfet, he exclaimed, ' How willin;irly would I
<'Xcban/:r(! i)laces to-day with the soldier who
sleejis on Ww, f^round in the Army of the Poto-
mtic !"■ — U.VYMONn'rt I.incdi.n, p'. 727.
9.IS. APOLOGY, Degrading. Ra'un »/ Jniiux
If. [He had illepilly forced upon the fellows of
Mairchdene Colleur*! ii Konnm Catholic Pres., for
whom they refused to vote, but whom they de-
cided to recoifiM/.e as president iU'fiirU).] ^Vhile
the fellows, hitterlv annoyed by the i)ublic cen-
Burc, were reirrellinij tlu^ moditied submission
whicli tliey had consented to make, they learned
that this sul)niission was by no means satisfac-
tory to the kiiiir. It was not enoujrh, lu^ said,
that they offered to obey the Bishop of Oxford
[the candidate] as president in fact. Thev
must distinctly admit the commission, and all
that had been done under it, to be lepii ; tliey
mu.st acknowledge that they liad acted unduti-
fully ; they must declare themselves iK'iiitent ;
they must promi.se to behave better in future,
must implore his Maje,st\''s pardon, and lay
themselves at bis feet. Two fellow.s, of whom
the king had no complaint to make, Charnock
and Smith, were excused from the obligation
of making these degrading apologies. Even
.lames never committed a grosser error. The
fellows, already angry with themselves for
having conceded so much, and galled by the
censure of the world, eagerly c:aught at the op-
portunity which was now offered them of re-
gaining the public esteem. With one voice
they declared that they would never ask pardon
for being in the right, or admit that the visita-
tion of their college and the deprivation of their
president had been legal. — Mac.\ul.\y's Eno.,
ch. 8.
249. APOLOGY, Humiliating, Tnmcent X.
The French ambassador [for Lo\iis XIV.]
Laving been insulted by some of the Pope's
Corsi(,'an guard, Innocent X. was compelled to
offer an apology, to disband his guard, and to
erect an obelisk at Rome with an inscription re-
cording the offence and its punishment. — Stu-
dents' FuANCK, ch. 21, fe^ 1)3, p. 429.
850. APOLOGY, Ironical. Goth». The va-
cant fortifications of the river were instantly
occupied by the.se barbarians ; their standards
were jilanted on the walls of Sirmium and Bel-
grade ; and the ironical tone of their apology
aggravated this in.stdt on the majesty of the
empire. " So extensive, O CiP.sar, are your
dominions, so numerous are your cities, that
you arvT continually seeking for nations to
whom, either in peace or war, vou may relin-
quish these useless possessions. 'The Gepida* are
your brave and faithful allies ; and if they have
anticipated your gifts, they have shown a just
confidence iu your bounty," — Gibbon's Uc.>ik,
ch. 62.
'JA I. APOSTASY, Open. Romanm. Alter Ca-
led [the leader of the Mohanunedansl had Im-
pose(i the terms of .servitude and tribute, tho
ai)oslate or convert avowed in the assembly of
the peo])le his meritorious treason : " I renounce
your society," .said Ktmianus, "both in this
"world and the world to come. And 1 deny Him
that was(Tuciti('(l, and wh'woever worships Him.
.\iid I choose God for my Lord, Islam for my
faith. Mecca for my temple, the Moslems for my
brethren, and Mahomet for my prophet ; who
was sent to lead us into tlu; right way, and to
exalt the tnuf religion in spite of those who join
partners with God."— Giuiion's Uo.mk, ch. 51.
25*2. APOSTASY, Primitive. Persecution. In
every persecution there were great numbers of
unworthy Christians who jiublicly disowned or
renounced the faith which they had professed ;
and who confirmed the sincerity of their adju-
ration by tin; legal acts of burning incense or of
offering'saerifices. Some of these apostates had
yielded on the first menace or exhortation of tho
"magi.strate, while the i)atience of others had
been subdued by the length and repetition of
tortures. Tin- affrighted countenances of some
betrayed tliejr inward remorse, while others -xd-
vanced with contidence and alacrity to \\
altars of the gods. Hut the disguise v \( j , ...
had impo.sed subsisted no longer *han tho
l)re.sent danger. As soon as the severity of tho
persecution was abated, the doors of the
churches were assailed by the returning multi-
tude of penitents, who detested their idolatrous
submission, and who solicited with equal ar-
dor, but with various success, their readmis.sion
into the society of Christians.— Gibbon's Rome,
ch. 16.
253. APOSTATES forgiven, rrunitice Church.
The gates of reconciliation and of heaven were
seldom shut against the returning penitent ;
but a severe and solemn form of discipline wa.s
instituted, which, while it served to expiate his
crime,, might powerfully deter the spectators
from the imitation of his example. Hum-
bled by a public confession, emaciated by
fasting, and clothed in sackcloth, the penitent
lay jjrostrate at the door of the assembly, im-
jjloring with tears the pardon of his offences,
and soliciting the prayers of the faithful. If
the fault was of a very heinous nature, whole
years of penance werti esteemed an inadequate
satisfaction to the divine justice ; and it was
alwaj's by slow and piinful gradations that the
sinner, the heretic, or the apostate was reati-
mitted into the bo.som of the church. — Gibbon'b
R().ME, ch. 15.
254. APPAEITION, False. " Three KnighU."
[The Crusaders wei'e besieged by the Turks
in Antioch. By a ruse the "Holy Lance"
had just been discovered.] The influence of
his relic or trophy was felt by the servants,
and perhaps by the enemies, of Christ ; and
its potent energy was heightened by an acci-
dent, a stratageiii, or a rumor, of a miraculous
complexion. Three knights, in whi.e garments
and resplendent arms, either issued, or seemed
to issue, froia the hills ; the voice of Adhemar,
the Pope's legate, proclaimed them as the mar-
tyrs St. George, St. Theodore, and St. Mirurice ;
the tumult of battle allowed no time for Ooubt
or scrutiny ; and the welcome apparition daa-
APPARITION— APPEARANCES.
31
zled the eyes or tlir Imaffintition of a fuuiit'c
army. — Giiuion's Romk, eh. 58.
aA5. APPAKITION, Fancied. Tlmrnx. rThc
Athenians honored] Thesens a.s a d<'nii-goa, in-
duced to it us well by other rea.se , as because,
when they were tijjhtini^ the Medes at Marathon,
ft considerable part of the army thought they
saw the apparition of Theseus completely armed
and beanng down before them upon the barba-
rians. — :P4.UTAUC;u'« LlVKS.
il46. APPARITIONS, BeUef in. SumnelJohn-
gon. Of apparitions, he obsttrved : "A total
disbelief of them is advc^rse to the opinion of
the existence of the soid between death and
the last day ; the question simply is, whether
departed spirits ever have the power of making
themselves perceptible to us ; a man who thinks
he has seen an apparition can only be convinced
himself ; his authority will not convince
another ; and his conviction, if rational, must be
founded on being told something which cannot
be known but by supernatural means." lie
mentioned a thing as not unfrequent, of which I
liad never heard before — being called — that is,
hearing one's name pronounced l)y the voice of
a known person at a great diHtance, far beyond
the possibility of being reached by any soimd
uttered by human organs. ' ' An acquaintance,
on whose veracity I can depend, told me, that
walking home one eveiung to Kilmarnock, he
heard himself called from a wood by the voice
of a brother who had gone to America ; and the
next packet brought accoimts of that brother's
death." Macbean asserted that this inexplicable
calling was a thing very well known. Dr.
Johnson said, that one day ai Oxford, as he
was turning the key of his chamber, he heard
his mother distinctly call — .Sf^«^. She was then
at Lichfield ; but nothing ensued. — Boswell's
Johnson, p. 459.
357. APPEAL, The only. At Aur/itbiirff. The
cardinal threatened with ban and interdict,
and dismissed Luther, saying, "Go, and do
not show your face again to me, unless it be
to recant." Thus was Luther sent away by the
cardinal, who is said to have added this remark :
" I will not confer with this beast again, for it
has deep eyes and wonderful speculations in its
head." . . , The latter remained silent, even
after Luther had written again in a humble
spirit asking forgiveness for his exhibited vio-
lence, promising to remain silent if his oppo-
nents would do the same, and professing him-
self as willing to recant, provided he were bet-
ter instructed. But although he made all these
concessions, he received no answer. And after
he had drawn up another declaration, appealing
from " the badly iniormed Pope to the better-
to-be-instructed Pope," he sent it to Cajetan,
and nailed a copy of it to the door of the
cathedral. He then left tlie city on the 20th of
October. — Rein's Luther, cb. 5.
35§. AFPEABANCES, Deceptive. Deformity.
[Philopoemen, called the last of the Greeks, was
mistaken by] his hostess at Megara, owing to
his eiisiness of behavior and the simplicity of
his garb. She having word brought that the
general of the Achteans was coming to her house,
was in great care and hurry to provide his
supper, her husband happening to be out of the
way. In the mean time Philoi^oGmen came, and,
as his habit was ordinary, she took him for one
of his own .servants, or for a harbinger, and de-
sired him to as.sist her in the busine^ of thu
kitchen. He presently threw off his cloak, and
began to cleave some wood ; when the master of
the house returning, and seeing him so employed,
.said, " What is tlie meaning of this, Philopav
men ?" He replied in broad Doric, " I am pay-
ing the fine of my deformity." — Plutauch.
359. . Miner. A man of the name
of Quyot lived and died in the town of Mar-
seilles, in France. He amassed a large for-
tune by laborious industry and severe habits
of abstinence and privation. His neighbors
considered him a mi.ser, and thought that he was
hoarding up money from mean and avaricious
motives. The populace pursued him, whenever
he appeared, with hootings and execrations, and
the boys sometimes threw stones at him. He at
length died, and in his will were found the fol-
lowing words: "Having observed from my
infancy that the poor of Alanseilles are ill .sup-
l)lied with water, which oan only be purcha.sed
at a great price, I have cheerfully labored the
whole of my life to procure for them this great
blessing ; and I direct that the whole of my
property shall l)e laid out in building an aque-
duct for their use."
360. APPEABANCES displeasing. Oliver Crom-
well. His gait was clownish, his dress ill-made
and .slovenly, his manners coarse and abrupt,
and face such as men look on with a vague feel-
ing of admiration and dislike 1 The features
cut, as it were, out of a piece of gnarled and
knotty oak ; the no.se large and red ; the cheeks
coarse, warted, wrinkled, and sallow ; the eve-
brows huge and shaggy, but, glistening from be-
neath them, eyes full of depth and meaning, and,
when turned to the gaze, pierced thiough and
through the gazer ; above these, again, a noble
forehead, whence, on either side, an open flow of
hair "round from his parted forelock manly
hangs," clustering ; and over all, and pervading
all, that undefinable aspect of greatness, alluded
to by the poet Dryden when he spoke of the face
of Cromwell as one that
.... " did imprint an awe.
And naturally all souls to his did bow.
As wands of divination downward draw,
And point to beds where sovereign gold doth
grow."
— II s Cromwell, ch. 4.
361. APPEABANCES, False. SamuelJohmon.
Dr. Adams told me that Johnson, while he
was at Pembroke College, " was careless and
loved by all about him ; was a gay and frolic-
.some fellow, and passed there the happie.st part
of his life." . . . The truth is, that he was then
distressed by poverty and irritated by disease.
When JL mentioned to him this account, a.s given
me by Dr. Adams, he said: "Ah, sir, I was
mad and violent. It was bitterness which they
mistook for frolic. I was mi.seral)ly poor, and
I thought to fight my way by my literature and
my wit ; so 1 disregarded all power and all
authority." — Boswell's Johnson, p. 14.
363. APPEABANCES, Misjudged. OUvtr Crom-
well. " It was in November, 1640," says a
royalist spectator [Sir Philip Warwick], " that I
. . . beheld on entering the house a person speak-
ing. I knew him not ; he was dressed in the
'Si
APPEAUANCKS-Al'F'LAl SH.
most ordlnnry inanncr, in ii pliiiii clolli «uit
which ui)[)wire(l to Imve been cut Ity Home
viliajijo Iniior. Ills linen, too, was coim-nc and
Noilwl. I recollect also ol)scrvin^ a speck or two
of blood upon liis little liaiid. which was not
much larger than his collar. Ills hat was with
out a hatband ; Ins stature was of a jrood si/.e ;
liis Hword stuck close to his side ; Ids count<'
nance Hwollen and reddish ; his voice sharp and
untunable ; undhis ehxpience full of fervor, for
the subject-matter would not l)ear much of
reason, it beinj^ in behalf of a lilx^ller in tin;
hands of tlio executioner. 1 must avow that tin;
attention bestowed by the as.send)ly on the dis-
(Hmrse of this f^entienian has nnieh dinnnished
my respect for the J louse of Conmions." —
LaMAUTINK'H CUOMWKhL, p. 23.
36.1. APPEABANCES, Suspicious. " /.con."
Citsar had some suspicion of Cassius, and In'
even said one day to his friends, " Wliat thini
you of Cassius ? I do not like ins i)ale looks."
Another time, when Antony and Dolabella were
aecu.sed of some designs aj^ain.st his ixTson and
government, lie said, " I have no appreliensions
from those fat and sleek men ; I rather fear the
pale and lean ones" — meaning Cassius and
Brutus. — Plutaucu.
264. APPEABANCES, Unpromising. liixhop
George. [Philip Cox, one of the early Metho-
dist itinerants, found a younj,' man, named
George, and brought him to Uisliop Asbury,]
and said, "I have brought j'ou a boy, and if
you have anything for liiin to do you may set
liim at work." Asbury looked at the youth for
some time, and stroking the young man's hair
said : " Whv, he is a beardless boy, and can do
nothing." 'fhe next day Asbury appointed him
to a circuit [and the boy became an eminent
Bishop in his denomination]. — Stevens' M. E.
Chukcu, vol. 2, p. 71.
365. APPETITE, Fastidious. Antony. Philo-
tas . . . being acquainted with one of Antony's
cooks, he was invited to see the preparations for
supper. Wlien he came into the kitclien, beside
an infinite variety of other provisions, he ob-
served eiglit wild boars roasting whole, and ex-
pressed liis 8urpri.se at tlie number of the com-
pany for whom this enormous provision must
have been made. Tlie cook laughed, and said
that the company did not exceed twelve, but
that, as every dish was to lie roasted to a single
turn, and as Antony was uncertain as to the time
when he would sup, particularly if an extraor-
dinary bottle or an extraordinary vein of con-
versation was going round, it was necessary to
have a succession of suppers. — Pi.itarcii.
266. APPETITE, Perils of, Cato tlte Cemor.
When the Romans were clamoring, at a time of
scarcity, for a distribution of corn at tlie public
expense, he began a speech in opposition to it
thus : " It isliard, fellow-citizens, to address the
stomach, because it has no ears. " Rebuking the
Romans for their luxury, he said : " It is dimcult
to save a city from ruin where a fish brings a
higher price than an ox." Pointing to a man who
had squandered an estate near the sea, lie pretend-
ed to admire him, saying : " What the sea could
not swallow without great difHculty, this man
has gulped down with perfect ease." — CvcLO-
PEDIA OF BlOG., p. 421.
36T. APPETITE, Protest of. KraxmnH mid,
" All the world is agreed amongns inionimend-
ing his" [Luther's] " moral character. He hath
given us good advice on certain points: and
(Jod grant that bis success may be etjual to the
liberty which be hiilli tiiken. Luther hath com-
mittell two iini)iinloii!d)le crimes : he liath
touched tiid'op''"!"*""""'''"^^"' "•"'""' "i<'"'^'»
upon the belly."— ItKiN'sLuTUlcu, eh. •■Hi.
afl«. APPETITE, Ruled by. Epinnr. When
an epicure desired to Ih^ iidmilled into Cato's
friendship, he said, " lie could not live with a
miiii whose pul.'ite hiid quicker sen.siitioiis than
his heart."— 1*1. rT.vian.
209. APPETITES, Indulgence of. Flcmixh
Gentry. lii(l<'r these forms of chivalry, awk-
wardly imitated from romances, the history
of Fianilers at this i)eriod is nevertheless one
fiery, .ioyous, brutal, Imeelmnalian revel. Under
color of "tournuvs, feats of arms, and feasts of the
]{ound Table, there is one wild whirl of light and
common gallantries, low intrigues, and intermin-
able junketings. The true device of the epoch is
that presumptuously tiiken by the sire de Ter-
nantatthe lists of Arras : " Quejuiedemes dem'rs
(im»icmitnre, ft junuiiH d'autrc bkn," " Let my
desires lie satisfied, I wish no other good." —
Michelet's Joan ok Akc, p. 27.
2TO. APPLAUSE, Ancient. German.'^. It was
the practice to signify by a hollow murmur
their dislike of such timid counsels. But when-
ever a more popular orator proposed to vindicate
the meanest citizen from either foreign or do-
mestic injury, whenever he ailed upon hi*
fcllow-coilntfymen to a.ssert the national honor,
or to pursue .some enterprise full of danger
and glory, a loud cla.shing of shields and
spears express the eager applause of the as-
sembly. For the Germans always met in arms,
and it was constantly to be dreaded, lest an ii-
rcgular multitude, inflamed with faction and
strong liquors, should use those arms to enforce,
as well as to declare, their furious resolves. —
Gibbon's Rome, ch. 9.
27 1 . APPLAUSE, Consequence of. Sa m vel John -
son. ' ' ' The applause of a single human being i.*
of great consequence. ' This he said to me witli
great earnestness of manner, very near tlie time
of his decease, on occasion of having desired mo
to read a letter addressed to him from some per-
son in the North of England ... as I thought
being particular upon it might fatigue him, it
being of great length, I only told him in general
that it was highly in his praise ; and then he
expressed himself as above." — Boswell's John-
son, p. 439.
272. APPLAUSE, Indifference to. Kapoleon T.
[Returning in a coach from his successful wars
with Italy and Austria.] Illuminations, proces-
sions, bonfires, the ringing of bells, the explo-
sions of artillery, the liuzzas of the people . . .
accompanied him all the way. ... He but slight-
ly regarded the applau.se of the populace. " It
must be delightful," said Bourrienne, "to be
greeted with such demonstrations of enthusiastic
admiration." "Bah!" Napoleon replied, " this
same unthinking crowd, under a slight change
of circumstances, would follow me just as eager-
ly to the scaffold." — Abbott's Napoleon B.,
vol. 1, ch. 9.
APPMOATK )N— A HC'I I IT K( Tl HE.
;}3
973. APFUOATION neglected. Magiu-tk Nee-
dle. The property of tlie indi/nctic needle, in
turning consUintly to tiie Nortlicrn Pole, was
known in Europe ns eiirlv as llie tiiirteentli cen-
tury ; but it wiiH not till above ii century af'Icr
Jliat any one attempted to apply it to the pur-
poHCK of navigation. Tiiat most ancient nation,
the Chinese, are, indeed, said to have known
th(! proi)erty of the majjnet for a thousand years
before us ; yet il is believed that till f>itr seven-
teenth century, when European example liad
reached them, they bad nevcT thought of usinjr
it in .sailing. The English, in the reign of E(C
■ward III., arc .said to have first em|)loyed the
compass in their ships, but the world owed to the
Portuguese the first great experiments of the
value of tins invention in the advancement of
navigation. — Tyti.ku's Hist., Book 6, ch. 18.
tir4. APPOINTMENT, Embarrassment by.
Miimttr Adams. There was excitement in the
great world of London on tlie 1st of June, 1785 ;
for on that day a minister representing the Uni-
ted Stntes was to be presented, for the first time,
to a king of England. And who should that
minister be but Jolin Adams, the man who had
taken the lead in urging on tJic revolted colonies
to declare tliemselves an independent nation ! . . .
In a few minutes the Secretary of State came to
conduct liim to the king. The royal closet was
merely an ordinary parlor. The king was .seated
in an arm-chair at the end opposite the door — a
portly gentleman, with a red face, white eye-
brows, and white hair, wearing upon his breast
the star indicative of his rank. Upon entering
the room, Mr. Adams bowed low to the king ;
then, advancing to the middle of the room, Tie
bowed a second time ; and, upon reaching the
immediate presence of the king, he made a third
deep reverence. This was the prescribed custom
of the Court at that day. The only persons present
at the interview were the king, Mr. Adams, and
the Secretary of State, all of whom were visibly
embarrasseci. It was, indeed, a scene without a
parallel in the whole history of diplomacy. Mr.
Adams was the least moved of them all, though
he afterward confessed that be was much agi-
tated, and spoke with a voice that was sometimes
tremulous. — Cyclopedia of Biog., p. 181.
375. APPOINTMENT, Humiliating. Cmar.
For the moment they [the opposing Senators]
appeared to have thought that with Bibulus's
help they might defy Csesar and reduce his office
to a nullity. Immediately on the elections of
the consuls, it was usual to determine the prov-
inces to which they were to be appointed when
their consulate should expire. The regulation
lay with the Senate, and, either in mere spleen
or to prevent Csesar from having the command
of an army, they allotted him the department of
the " Woods and Forests." A very lew weeks
had to pass before they discovered that they liad
to do with a man who was not to be turned aside
so slightingly. — Fboude's C^:sak, ch. 12.
376. APPOINTMENT, Partisan. Polk's Ad-
minwtratiim. The Administration had obviously
endeavored from the first to create a Democratic
hero out of the [Mexican] war. Authorized to
appoint a large number of officers in the in-
creased military force raised directly by the
United States, an unjust discrimination was
made in favor of Democrats. . . , Not one
Whig was included [among the ten major and
briga<licr generals. Tlu; heroes of the war were
(icncrals 'iaylor and Scott, both of whom were
\Vhig.sJ. — Hi.aink'h Twkntv Ykaus ov Con-
OIIKHS, p. 7.^.
377. APPEECIATION, Defective. DnmXVI.
The Assembly .sent a deputation to the king to
iciiuest him to dismiss the troops ; this Louis de-
cliiu'd, but offered, if the members felt alarmed,
to transfer their sittings to Sois.sons, and to pro-
ceed himself to Compiegne. When the Duke de
Liancourt came to announce to him the fall of the
Baslile, the king exclaimed, " This is a revolt !"
" Sire," replied the duke, " it wa Itewlution," —
Stuuentb' Fkanch, ch. 20, ^ 2, p 531.
37S. APPEECIATION, Without. Coin. The
various tran.sactions of peace and war had intro-
duced some Koman coins (chiefly silver) among
the borderers of the Rhine and Danube ; but
the more distant tribes were absolutely unac-
(juainted with the use of money, carried on
their confined traffic l)y the exchange of com-
modities, and prized their rude eartlien vessels
as of e(}ual value with the silver vases, the pres-
ents of Rome to their princes and ambassadors.
To a mind capable of reflection, such leading
facts convey more instruction than a tedious
detail of subordinate circumstances. — Qibuon,
vol. 1, p. 260.
379. ABBITBATION rejected. Napoleon I.
[When the bitter and terrible war opened be-
tween Prance and England, a.d. 1803,] Alex-
ander of Russia entered a remonstrance against
again kindling the horrid flames of war through-
out Europe, and offered his mediation. Napo-
leon promptly replied: " I am ready to refer the
question to the arbitration of the Emperor
Alexander, and will pledg') my.self by a bond to
submit to the award, whatever it may be."
England declined the pacific offer. — Abbott's
Napoleon B., vol. 1, ch. 26.
3§0. ABCHITECT, A great English. Christo-
pJier Wren. Wren was the first Englishman
who for centuries could put in a claim that
could not be gainsaid to the title of architect,
as, later, Hogarth was the first to prove that an
Englishman might become a great painter. . . .
[St. Paul's was thirty-five years in construction,
by Wren , who was paid £200 a year. ] It occupies
the very first rank of architectural works of
modern times. [See more at No. 289.] —
Knight's Eng., vol. 5, ch. 29, p. 451.
3§1. ABCHITECTTJSE, Beauty in. Ionic. As
the beautiful is more congenial to some tastes
than the s^Mime, the liglitness and elegance
of the Ionic order will, perhaps, find more
admirers than the chastened severity of the
Doric. The latter has been compared to the
robust and muscular proportions of a man.
while the former has been likened to (he finer,
more slender, and delicate proportions of a wom-
an. Yet the character of this order is likewise
simplicity, wlrich is as essential a requisite to
true beauty as it is to grandeur and sublimity.
But the simplicity of beauty is not inconsistent
with that degree of ornament whic'a would dero-
gate from the simplicity of the sublime. . . .
Of this order were . . . the temple of Apollo
at Miletus, that of the Delphic oracle, and the
superb temple of Diana at Ephesus,_ classed
84
ARCIHTE('TURE.
among tho wondors of tlio world. — TrTiiEu's
HiBT., Book 2. eh. 7.
aS9. ABCHITECTURE, Compoiite. NorcUn.
The Composilc order, likewise of Itiiliiiii exlnie-
tlon, wiiH unknown in the \\\iv of tlie perfeelion
of Greek arehitecture. Vitruvius niiikcis no
mention of it. It seems to hiive heen the ])ro-
duetion of some conceited iirti.st, who wanted to
strike out sonu^thinK n(;w in that way, or to
evince his Hupcriority to tho ancient masters ;
but it serves only to show that th(! (Jrc^cks had
exhausted all the jjrinciplcs of tinited >rrandeiir
and beauty in the three orders bcfon^ ineiition-
cd, and to prove that it is not ]>ossihl(' to fi'atnc
a new order uidess by c(>nd)iiiinir mid .sliirhtly
varyinjf theold. — 'rYTi.Kii's llisr., M(Hik2, cli. 7.
as.l. ARCHITECTURE, Defective. Kumithiii.
It must l)e all()\ve(l that Ihosc; inMntiinciils
which remain to us of the works of art ainonti;
the Egyi)lians, thoui;!! venerable! on account of
their anticiuily, and sometimes exhibitiiit; a
prand and sulSlinu! api)earanc(! from their im-
mensity, are extremely defective in beauty and
elegance. How intiiutely inferior, in point of
taste, are the pyramids, the ol)(,'lisks, the sphinx
and colossal statues, (Ik; pillars of Luxor, to the
simplest remains of the; ancient temples in
Greece ! In architectiu'e, one of th(! most ob-
vious inventions, and one of tlie greatest im-
provements, l)oth in point of utility and beauty,
the con.struction of an arch, was quite unknown
to the Egyptians. This di^fect gives an awk-
ward anci heavy appearance to their buildings,
and nuist have o('(^a.sioned a vast expense of
lalKjr, which might otherwise have been spared.
— Tyti.ek's Hist., IJook 1, ch. 4.
ai'l. ARCHITECTURE, Excellence of. Greeks.
Tho Greeks are universally acknowledged as
tho parents of architect un;, or at least of that
peculiar style of which all after ages have con-
fessed the superior excellence. ,The Grecian
architecture consisted of three different manners,
or what artists have termed the tluce distinct or-
ders : the Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian. The Do-
ric was probably the first regular onUir among
tbe Greeks. It na.s a ma-sculine grandeur, and a
superior air of strength to botli the others. It
is, therefore, the best adapted to works where
magnitude and sublimity are the principal ob-
jects. Some of the most ancient temples of
Greece were of this order, particularly that of
The.seus at Athens, built . . . four hundred and
eighty-one years before the Christian era. — ■
Tytlek's IIist., Book 2, ch. 7.
3§5. ARCHITECTURE, Gilded. Itoman Cap-
itol. Tlie profusion of Calulus, the first who
gilt tlie [bronze] roof of tlie Capitol, was not
universally approved ; but it was far exceeded
by the emperor's, and the external gildinirof the
temple cost Domitian 12,000 talents (£2,400,000).
— Gibbon's Rome, ch. 36.
3§6. ARCHITECTURE improved. R<j)mn. It
is natural to suppose that the greatest number,
as well as the most considerable of the Roman
edifices, were raised by tho emperors, who pos-
sessed so unbounded a commantl both of men
and money. Augustus was accustomed to
boast that he liad found his capit^d of brick, and
that he had left it of marble. — Gibbon's Rome,
ch. 2.
aiir. ARCHITECTURE, Inttraotien by. Ruin».
Travellers to whom Livy and Hallust were
unintelligible might gain from tho Roman aque-
ducts and temples som(! faint noliim of
Roman history. The dome of Agrippa, still
glittering with bronze— IIk! mausolcinu of
"Adrian, not v<'t deprived of its columns and
statues— the t'lavian ami>hitlicatre, not yet de-
graded into a (piarry, told to the Mercian and
Northumbrian pilgrinissome part of the story of
that great civilized world which had passed
away. The islanders returned, with awe deeply
impressed on their hall'-o|)encd minds, and told
the' wondering inhabitiints of the hovels of
London and York that, near the grave of (Saint
l^•ter, a mighty race, now extinct, had piled up
buildings which would never \w dissolved till
the judgnieiit day. — MACAri,.\v's Eno., ch. \.
"ZHH. ARCHITECTURE, Magnificent. Temple
of Jfereii/ix. The magniticeiice of tho tempio
of II rculcs at Tyre is celebrated by Herod-
otus, who s.'iw it' and who was particularly
slr\ick with two columns, one of molten gold
and the other of emerald, which in tin; night-
time shone with great siilcndor. The latter was
l)robal)ly of colored glass. . . . M. Croquet
conjectures, with some ])lausibility, that tho
column was hollow, and was lighte(f by a lamp
put within it. — Tvti.ek's Hist., Book"l,ch. 0.
2§9. ARCHITECTURE, Opportunity in. Lon-
(l/»i Fire. It is not very easy to explain wliy
tho natior whicli was .so far before its neigh-
bors in s(!ience should in art liave been far
behind them all ; yet such was tho fact. It is
true that in architecture — an art which is half a
.science ; an art in which none but a geometrician
can excel ; an art whi(!h lias no .standard of grace
but what is directly or indirectly dependent on
utility ; an art of which the creations derive a
part, at least, of their majesty from mere bulk
— our country could boast of one truly great
man, Christopher Wren ; and the tire which laid
London in ruins liad given him an opportunity,
unprecedented in modern history, of displaying
his powers. The au.stere beauty of the Athe-
nian porti(;o, the gloomy sublimity of the Gothic
arcade, he was, like almost all his contempora-
ries, incapable of emulating, and, perhaps, in-
capable of ajipreciating ; but no man, born on
our side of the Alps, has imitated witli so much
success the magnificence of the palace-liko
cliurclies of Italy. Even the superb Louis has
If^ft to po.sterily no work which can bear a com-
parison v.ith St. Paul's. — Macwulay's Enu..
ch. 3.
290. ARCHITECTURE, Preservation of. Ootli-
te. The Gothic kings, so injuriously accused
of the ruin of antiquity, were anxious to pre-
serve tho monuments of the nation wliom they
had subdued. Tlie royal edicts were framed
to prevent tho abuses, tho neglect, or the dep-
redations of the citizens themselves ; and a pro-
fes.sed architect, the annual sum of two Imn-
dred pounds of gold, twenty-five thousand tiles,
and the receipt of customs from the Lucrino
port, were assigned for the ordinary repairs of
the walls and public edifices. — Gilbon's Rome,
ch. 39.
291. ARCHITECTURE, Prophecy in. Coliseum.
Reduced to its naked majesty, the Flavian am-
AUCillTECTLHK-AUDOU.
35
phithcatro wrh rontcmplated wit)» nwo and nd-
miriUion by tlio pilKiiiiiH of tlii! Nortli ; and
their rude cntluiMiasin broke forlli in ii siii)-
linie proverbial expreHsioii, wliicli is recorded in
liie eigiitli century, in llie fraK'nent.s of tlie \'en-
rrable H«'de : " Ah loni; us tlie Coiisetun wlaiids,
Iconic sliall stand; wiien tlie ColiHeiun falls,
Konui will fall ; when Hon\e falls, the world
will fall." — (.iiinoNs Homk, ch. (51.
ilO'J. ARCHITECTURE, Religion in. Diirriu:
Tslanusin sprani,^ up from the soil, like all relict-
ions newly accepted, with its peculiar architect-
ure ; the modes of architecture are the daujjhters
of religions. It would seem that every other idea
but that of (}()d is insutllc ii'Ut to inove those
masses of stone whereby men indite the name of
their God ui)()n the soil. The Indians, the
E^^yjitians, the (Jreeks, the Konians, the (Joths,
the Byzantines, created all of them architectiu'es
according with the genius of their sacred creeds.
iSonu! of lliem, i)antheisn> which adores llu; whole
and i)rays in open air ; ot tiers, the secret doctrines
which bury truths beneath the jiyrainids to
liide them from the people ; others still, the fanci-
ful theogonies that multii)ly gods by all the ex-
travagances of the imagination, and create Olym-
puses peopled with statues in their I'arthenons ;
a fourth cnted selects caverns of rocks and
mibterraneous vaults in cities, to adore the arisen
from the tomb ; a fifth, the cupola's simple form,
tlooded with daylight, to turn the idols ])ale and
comment the word of the inspired of Allah.
The traces of these difTereiit divine ideas, ef-
faced by each other, often siiiieriinposed upon
one another, is nowhere on earth to be better
read than in the provinces Of the Ottoman em-
pire. From the pyramid of Egypt to the ruins
of Ephesiis or of Athens — from the ruins of the
Parthenon ahmg to the catacombs of Jerusalem —
from the mas.sive domes f>f Saint Sophia of Con-
stantinople to the mosipies of Brous.sa and of
Adrianople, wo read in their edifices the genius
of the diirerent religions that have disputed
with each other the dominion of the earth. —
Lamahtinks Tuukky, p. 244.
393. ARCHITECTURE, Roman. Tiinmn. The
Tunrun order \h ot Italian origin. . . . The Etrus-
can architecture appears to be nearly allied to
the Grecian, but to possess an inferior degree
of elegance. The more ancient buildings of
Kome were probably of this specie of arcliitect-
ure, though the proper Greek orders came
afterwards to be in more general estimation.
A respect, however, for antiipiity i)revented the
Romans from ever entirely abandoning the Tus-
can mode. The Trajan jjillar is of this order of ar-
chitecture. This magnificent column has braved
the injuries of time, and is entire at the present
day. Its excellence con.sists less in the form and
proportions of the pillar than in the beau-
tiful sculpture whicli decorates it. Of this fine
sculpture, which represents the victories of
Trajan over the Dacians, a very adequate idea
may be formed from the engravings of the " C"ol-
umna Trajana" by Bartoli. — Tytleu's Hist.,
Book 3, ch. 7.
394. ARCHITECTURE, Simplicity in. J)onr.
One observation may here be made which is ap-
plicable to all the works of taste. The charac-
ter of sublimity is chaste and simple. In the
arts dependent on design, if the artist aim at
this character, he must disregard all trivial dei;-
orations, nor must the eye be dislraeled by a
multiplicity of jtarts. In arcliitecturt! Iheru
must be few divisions of the principal members
of the building, and the parts must be large
and of ample relief; there must be a modesty
of decoration, contemning all mimiteness of orna-
ment, wliicli distracts the eye, that ouuht to bo
tilled with the general mass and with the propor-
tions of the greater parts to each other. In this
res]iect tin- Doric is cont'e'cdiy superior to all
the other orders of architeeiui'e, as it unites
strength and majesty with a beconiiiiLr simiilie-
ity, and the ulmo.st symmetry of prnpDrtions.
— Tvri,i;u's llisr., Hook 2, eh. 7.
a05. ARCHITECTURE, Stupendous, chinine
Willi. Among the most remarkable ol' the works
of arehitiiture in China is the great wall built to
l>roteet tli empire against the inroads ot the Tar-
tars. It t'xtends five hundred leagues, and is forty-
five feet in height and eighteen in tliic kness — a
most singular mom. inent both of human industry
and of human folly. The Tartars against whom
it was meant as a defence, found China e(iually
accessible as bet'on; its formation. They were
not at ])ains to attack and maki; a breacli in this
rampart, which, from \\w impossibility of de-
fending such a stretch of fortification, nui^l have
been exceedingly "asy ; they had only to travel
a little to the eastward, to about forty'deifreesof
latitude, when; China was totally defenceless. —
TvT!.i:ii's Hist., Book .'>, ch. 24.
396. ARCHITECTURE, SubUme. (h.tluV. The
elTect produced by the Gothic architecture is
not to be accounted for on the .same principle
of conformity fo the rules of symmetry or har-
mony, in the jiroporfions observed betw(>en the
several parts ; but depends on a certain idea of
vastncss, gloominess, and soleinnity, which we
know to be i)owerful ingredients in the xulilime.
. . . Th(! Cathedral of 3Iilan is one of the
noblest structures in fh(i world. . . . Its column
is of a magnitude that nobly fills the eye ; the
sudden elevation of the arch has .something bold
and aspiring ; and while we contemplate the
great and striking members of the building, the
minuteness of ornament on its parts is but tran-
siently remarked, or noticed only as a superficial
decoration, which detracts nothing from the
grand elTect of the whole nia.ss. — Tytleh's
Hist., Book 2, ch. 7.
397. ARDOR, A Soldier's. liatUe of Crecy.
The English bowmen and men-at-arms held their
ground stoutly, while the Welshmen stabbed the
French horses in the melee and brought knight
after knight to the ground. Soon tlie French
host was wavering in a fatal confusion. " You
are my va.ssals, my friends," cried the blind
.lohn ()f Bohemia fo the German nobles around
him ; " I pray and beseech you fo lead me .so far
into the fight that I may strike one gooil blow
with this sword of mine !" Linking their bridles
together, the little company plunged into the
thick of the combat to fall as their fellows were
falling. The battle went steadily against the
French. At last Philip himself hurried from
the field, and the defeat became a rout. Twelve
hundred knights and thirty tliousand footmen —
a number ecpial to the whole Englisli force — lay
dead upon the ground. — Hist, of Eng. People,
§329.
30
AHGUMENT-AHMY
998. ABOUMZNT, PoMibl*. Straliiig. Sir,
Uicnj is iiotliin;,' fur wliic'n you may iiol nuiHtcr
lip more pIiinHiliic urjriimcnis tliiiii tiiosc wliicii
iir(Mir;,'r'(l aj^iiinsl wcullli and oilier cxlfrnal ail
vmilaj^cs. Wliy, now, tlicrc in stciilinj; ; wliy
ulioiiid it Im! tliiaiKlil a criiuc y Wix'ii we con
HidtT l)y wlial unjust nictiiods projicrly lias iiccn
often acquired, and tiial wlial was unjustly p)l
it must he unjust to keep, where is the harm in
Dne man's taking the prcperty of another from
liiin ? iJe.sides, sir, when we (onsider the had
iis(! tliat many j)eople make of their i>rop( ity,
and how nuicli belter use IIk^ Ihief may make of
it, it may Im! defended as ii very allowable prac-
tice. Yet, sir, the e.\|)eri<'nce of mankinil has
jliscovercd Hiealing to be so very bad a lldng.
that they make no scruplf- to hang a man for
it. — H()s\vki,i,'h Johnson, p. V2'i.
*M9. ABOUMENT, The reiervo. />/•. Samuel
JohiiMo/i. [Worsted in dcbale,) he ha<l recourse
to the device; whicli Ooldsmilh imputed to him
in the willy word.s of one; of ("ibber's comedies :
"Then; is no arguing willi Johnson ; for when
Ins pistol nusses fire, In; knocks you down with
the butt end of it." — UohwkJ.i.'h Johnson,
p. 107.
300. AROUHENT, Uteleii. IHf/n of Jkihi-s
II. [.Fames commaneled the clergy to read his
proclamation, whicli aimed at iL'overtlirow of
tlie Protestjuit faitli.] The Loiuhtn clergy, then
universally acknowTedged to be the flower of
their ijrofession, held a meeting. Fifteen doc-
tors of diviiuty were present. . . . The general
feeling of the as.sembly seemed to Iw that it was,
on the wliolc, advisable to obey the order in
council. The dispute began to wax warm, and
might have produced fatal conseepiences, if it
lian not Ikhui brought to a dose by tlic firmness
and wisdom of Doctor Edward Fowler, vicar of
St. Giles's, Cripplegate, one of a small but re-
markable ela.s.s of divines who united that love
of civil liberty which belonged to the school of
("alvin with tlio theology of the school of Ar-
minius. Standing up, Jowler spoke thus : "I
must l)e plain. The (picstion is so simi)le that
argument can throw no new light on it, and can
only l)eget heat. Ijct every man .siiy Yes or No.
But I caimot consent to be bound by the vote of
the majority. I shall be .sorry to cause a breach
of tinity. But this declaration I caimot in con-
science read." Tillotson, Patrick, Sherlock,
and StillingHeet declared that they were of the
same mind. The majority yielded to the author-
ity of a minority so respecttable. A resolution
by which all present pledged themselves to one
another not to read the declaration was then
drawn up. Patrick was the first to set hia hand
to it ; Fowler was the second. The paper was
sent roimd the city, and was speedily subscribed
by eiglity-llve incmnbents. — >Iacaui,ay's Eno.,
ch. 8.
301. ARISTOCRACY in Battle. Roman. The
battle of Pharsalia . . . acquired a special
Elace in liistory, because it was a battle fought
y tlie lloman aristocracy in their own persons
in defence of their own supremacy. Senators and
the sons of senators, the lieirs or the names and
fortunes of the ancient Roman families, the
leaders of society in Roman saloons, and tlu;
chiefs of tlie political party of the optimates in
tlie Curia and Forum, were here present on the
Held ; representatives in person and in i)rinciph)
ol the traditions of Sylla brought face to face
with the representative of Marius. . . . Here went
the hauudilv I'alrician Oiiard, who had drawn
their swords on him in the .seiiatehouse, young
lords whose theory of lift! was lo lounge through
it in i)alrician i'iinoii.-i/in<r. Tlie other gr«'«t
actions were fought by the ignoble multit^iuU;
whose dcalhs were of "less signiticance. The
jilains of I'harsalia wen; waien'd by the jin^cious
blood of the elect of the earth. The batth;
there marke(l an epoch like no other in the;
history of the world. . . . I'ompey had forty-
seven" IlK.usand itoman infantry, not includ-
ing his allies, and seven thou.sand cavalry.
Ca'sar had but Iwcniy-lwo thou.sand, and of
horse only a thousand, [lie won tlio victory.]
— Fuoiuk'h ("/KSAii, ch. 23.
.lOa. ARISTOCRACY, Expenie of. Itomnn.
All these i)n)vineial genenils were therefore
diihiH : but no more than ten among them were
dignillcd with tin; rank of (V;;//;/^ or companions,
a title of honor, or rather of favor, which had
been recently invented in the court of Von-
slanline. A gold belt was the ensign which
distinguished the o(ll(;eof the counts and dukes ;
aiici besides their pay, Wwy received a libenil
allowance, sulllcient to maintain one; hundred
and ninety servants, and one hundred and flfty-
eight horses. — Oiiiiion'h 1{omk, ch. 17.
303. ARISTOCRACY, Reaction for. Puritnm.
The I^urit'in austerity dn)ve to the; king's faction
all who made pleasure their business, who af-,
fected gallantry, splendor of dress, or taste in
the lighter arts. With these went all wlio live;
by amusing the leisure of others, from the
l)ainl(;r and comic poet down to the rope-dancer
and the Merry Andrew ; for these artists v/ell
knew that they might thrive under a superb and
lu.xuriows despotism, but must starve under the
rigid rule of the precisians. — Macaulay'b Eng.,
ch. 1.
304. ARISTOCRACY, Ruin of. Greeks. The
narrow iiolicy of preserving, without any for-
eign mi.xture, the pure blood of tlie ancient citi-
zens, had cliecked the fortune and liastened tlie
ruin of Athens and Sparta. The aspiring genius
of Rome sacrificed vanity to ambition, and
deemed it more prudent, as well as honorable,
to lulopt virtue and merit for lier own wliereso-
ever they were found, among slaves or strangers,
enemies or barbarians. During the most flour-
ishing en of the Athenian commonwealth, the
number of citizens gradually decreased from
about thirty to twenty-one thousand. If, on
the contraiy, we .study thegrowtli of tlie Roman
republic, we may discover that, notwithstanding
the inces.sant demands of wars and colonies, the
citizens, who, in the first census of Servius
Tullius, amounted to no more than eighty-three
thousand, were multiplied, before the com-
mencement of the .so(;ial war, to tlie number of
four liundred and .sixty-three thousand men,
able to bear arms in the service of their country.
— Gibbon's Romk, ch. 2.
305. ARMY, Bangerous. Standing. By a
dangerous exception to the ancient maxims, lie
[Augustus] was authorized to preserve his mili-
tary command, supported by a numerous body
of guards, even in time of peace, and in the
heart of the capital. His command, indeed.
ARMY
:{r
was conlliicd to IIioho {'ItizonH who were ciigafjcd
ill tli(! wirvicc l>y tlui iiiililary onlli ; Imt nucIi
was tli(i propc'iiNity of Ww Uoinaiis to scrvitii'lc,
that tlu! oath was vohiiitarilv taken hy the iiia^'
istratcM, the; s<'nator>i, and Uw i'((iicstiian ordi r,
till th(! honiajfc of ilallcry was iiisciiHihly cdn
vcrti'd into an annual ami solemn protentaliun
«)f liih'lity. — (iinnoNH Udmk, eh. ;t.
306. ARMY diiguated. .f<im<M V. The Kni;
lish army, after an inroad upon Scotland, liein.L;
olili^ed, from seareity of i)rovi.sionM, to retiri^
ii^uiii Ix'yond the liorders, an olivious advan-
taj^e was otTered to the Scots, who, hy ])ursuinjr
tluini, ndf^ht iiave cut tliem olT in thi'ir retreat.
.Fames piv»! Ids orders for that purpose, hut tlie
dis4ifTe(^t«'d harons steridy an<l ohstinately refused
to advance oint step lieyond thi^ lindts of the
kingdom. Stung to tli(; iieart with this alTront,
.lames, in a transport of rage and indignation,
instantly dishaiided ids army, and returned ah '
ruptiy to Ins capital. From that moment his
temper and dis|)ositioii underwent a total chiuige.
One measure more was wanting on the ])art of
tlio nol)ility to complete their hase revenge and
to drive their sovereign to frenzy and des])air.
His nunisters had again prevailed on some of
the iiohles to as.s(;mhlo their followers, and to
attempt an inroad on the western honler ; hut
the chief command was given to one of the
king's favorites, who was to Ihenv i)articularly
ohnoxious. So great was their resentment, that
u general mutiny instantly took l)la(e, and a
r(!.solution was formed unparalleled in history.
The Scottish army, consisting of ten thousand
men, surrendered themselves prisoners to a body
of five hundred of the English without altempi-
ing to strike a blow. On the news of this dis-
graceful event the spirit of .lames totally siuik
under the tumult of contciuding passions, and,
overcome with melancholy and des])air, he died
of a broken heart in the; tlnrty-third year of his
age. — Tytlek's Hist., Book 6, cli. ih.
307. ABMY, A Great. JVapolcoii'n. The num-
bers of the confederated army Avhich, on the
24th and 25th of June, pas.sed the Niemen, the
boundary of the Russian Empire, have Ijeeii
variously stated. The lowest estimate i)laces
them at half a million of men. A detailed re-
turn, extant in the French war-ofHce, gives the
numbers as, 651,3.')8 infantry, cavalry, artillery,
and engineers ; 187,121 horses, and 1372 pieces
of ordnance. ... Of four liundred thousand
Frenchmen wlio cro.ssed the Niemen in ^lay . . .
not twenty thousand had returned to Vistula. —
Knight's Enq., vol. 7, ch. 30, p. 558.
308. ABMT, A great, ^fof/lll. Our Euro-
ptan battles, says a pliilosophic writer, are petty
skirmi.shes, if compared to the numbers that
have fought and fallen in the fields of Asia.
Seven Imndred thousand Moguls and Tartars
are said to have marched under the standard of
Zingis and liis four sons. In the vast plains that
extend to the north of the Sihon or Jaxartes,
they were encountered by four hundred thou-
sand soldiers of the sultan ; and in the first battle,
which was suspended by tlie night, one Imndred
and sixty tliousand Carizmians were slain. —
Gibbon's Rome, ch. 64.
309. ABMT, A great. Tartars. [TJie reign
of Timour the Tartar was but a] succession of
campaigns which made subject to him, with
Kharism, Kajitschak, Oeorgia, llindostan, Per-
sia, Irak. Syria, and Asia Slinoi, two hundred
additional iipMions of sul>j('<'t-i. Instciid of the
fortv thousiind soldiers of Alexander, the army
of 'fimour liMil (\udit huiidred Ihoiisiuid liirhting
men, and a nullioii of slaves who dried uii the
earth on their route. The magnilirencc ol this
nomade court e(|ualled lh<! nuiltiluile of the com-
liatanls. Never did Kurope sec; this lunnlier,
this Asiatic parade, either in the miu:r:ition of
Attila, or those of thts Arabs, or the camoaigns
of Moscow, when! a modern coniiueror led so
many bravc! men to conllagralion and the frosts.
— L.\M.\inisi;'K Ti UKi;v, p. :t()H.
310. ABMT, Aninduitrioui. Unmnn. When
[K.m|H'ror| I'rolius eommaiuled in Ku'Vpl, he ex
ccuted many considerable works for the splendor
and benertt of that rich country, 'i'lit- naviga-
tion of th(! Nile, so important to Xhmw itself, was
improved ; and temples, buildings, porticos,
and palaces wen? constructed by i\\v. hands of
the .soldiers, who acted by turns as architects, as
engineers, aiul as husbandmen. It was reported of
llaimibal, that, in order to preserve his troops
from the dangerous teni])tations of idleness, he
had obliged them to form large; ])ltMitations of
olive trees along the coast of Africa. From a
similar principle, I'robus exercised his h udonsin
covering with rich vineyards the hills of Oaul
and Pannonia. [1I(! was afterward killed by re-
volting soldiers. ] — (jrllinoNS KoMK, ch. 12.
311. ABMT purified. ('romwdl'K. The Earl
of Es.sex, Loril Fairfax, Waller, 'llamixlen, and
Falkland, fought, yic^lded, or died, some for
their i)rince, ain others for their country and
their faith ; (/'roin "II alone never sustained a de-
feat. Elevated by the Parliament to the rank of
general, lie strengthened his own division by
weeding and purifying it. He cared little for
numbers, provi<ied his ranks were filled with fa-
natics. Jiy siuictifying thus the cau.se end, and
motives of the war, he raised his soldiers above
common luimanity, and ])repared them to j)er-
form impo.ssibilities. Tlie historians of both
sides agre(! in allowing that this religious enthu-
siasm inspired by ("romwell in the nunds of his
troops transformed a body of factioiiaries into
an army of saints. Victory invariably attended
his encounters with the king's forces." — L.vmau-
tine's Ckomwei.i., p. 31.
312. ABMT, A sectarian. Juiwh U. [Tyr-
connel, a Roman Catholic, was appointed com-
mander of- the troops in Ireland i)reparatory to
the social and religious revolution.] The ranks
were completely broken up and recomposed.
Four or five hundred soldiers were turned out of
a .single regiment chiefly on the ground that they
were below the proper stature ; yet the most un-
practised eye at once perceived that th(;y were
taller and l)etter-made men than their successors,
whose wild and squalid appearance disgusted
the beliolders. Orders were given to the new
officers tliat no man of the Protestant religion
was to be suffered to enlist. The recruiting
parties, instead of beating their drums for vol-
unteers at fairs and markets, as had been the old
practice, repaired to places to which the Roman
Catholics were in the liabit of making pilgrim-
ages for purposes of devotion. In a few weeks
the general had introduced more than two thou-
sand natives into the ranks, and the people . . . af-
!li i
88
Alt.MY- AUU<»(JAN( K.
flrmod timt by flirlHlmiiH day not ii mini of Kni;
lisll nice Woilld lir Ict'l ill the wlioir Ml'lliy. -
MACAIt.VYH KniI,, ell. (I.
!l|:|. ARMY, A imall. Afmuiiir/iiiMilt.i. Vnr n
■\vliili' llic ciilonists were apprclirlisivc of the liul
liiiiM. Ill Kcluiiiiry (ltl"JI| Miles SiuiKlisli \min
M'lil out witii ills soJdiri'H lo ^nillirr inroi'iiiiition
(if till' llllllllll'I'H Mill diM|)OHilil)ll of till' Illltivi'S.
Tiic ariiiy ol' Nrw l']iiu:iaiid consistiMl ot' tix incii
licsidc.s liic jtmcrai. [Tlic IndiaiiH liad lu'ciidcc
liiiatcd liy pcHlilciicc. |— IIidi'ath'h U. rt.,cli. i:*.
914. ARMY, Strong. JimiKin. Tiic ri'i;ulai-
forci^ of till' I'liipii'i liad oiii'c aiiioiinlcd to .six
hundred and forty live tiioiiMaiid iiieii ; it was re
(iiiced, in tile time of .JiiMtinian, to one liimdred
1111(1 tlfly tlioiisand ; and tliis mimlier, lartre as it
may seen, was tliinly scattered over tiie sea and
land— in Spain and Italy, in Africa and Kirypl,
on the liiinkH of the Daiiulie, (lie coast of the
Euxine, iind liic frontiers of IVrsia. — Giihion'h
lloMK, ell. 43.
31ft. ARMY subverted, The. Jumm If. [Sum
moned to enforce Hiil)niissioii to Uomaii (,'atli-
olic iniioviitions, ) tlie kin^' was rr'solved not
lo yield. II(! formed a camp on lloimslow
Heath, and collected there, within a circumfer-
C'liee of alioiit two miles and a half, fourteen
Imttalions of foot and thirty-two sipiadrons of
liorse, amounting to thirteen thousand tii;litinif
men. Twenty-six pieces of artillery, and many
'wiiins laden Avitii arms and ammnnition, were
(Irii^^fed from the Tower throuirh the cilv to
Ilounslow. The Londoners .saw this yreal force
«s.seinl)led in their iiei^fhborhood with a terror
which familiarity soon diminished. A visit to
Ilounslow became their favorite amusement on
holidays. The camp jjresented the appearance
«)f avast fair. Mingled with the musketeers and
dras<>"iis, a miiltitudo of fine p'ntlemen and
ladies from Soho Stjuare, sharpers and painted
women from Wliitefriars, invalids in sedans,
monks in hoods and gowns, lackeys in rich liv-
eries, peddlers, orange girls, mi.schievous appren-
tices, and gaping clowns, were constantly pass-
ing and repa.ssing through the long lanes of
tents. . . . The king, as was amply proved two
years later, liad greatly miscalculated [wiu'ii he
was a fugitive from KnglandJ. lie had forgotten
that vicinity o])erates in more ways than one. lie
had hoped that his army would overawe London;
but the residt of his policy was, that the feelings
and opinions of London took complete jiossession
of his army. — Macaui.ay's Knc:., ch. 0.
3I«. ARMY, Support of tLe. Churhs If.
The only army which tlu! law re.'ognized was
the militia. That force had been remodelled by
two acts of Parliament i)assed shortly after the
Restoration. Every mini who possessed live
hundred jiounds u year derived from land, or
six tliousand pounds of personal estate, was
hounit to provide, ecpiip, and pay, at his own
charge, one horseman. Every man who had tifty
])()unds a year derived from land, or six hundreil
pounds of' jX'r.sonal estate, was charged, in like;
manner, with one pikeman or musketeer.
Smaller proprietors were joined together in a
kind of societv, for which our language does not
afford a special name, but whicla an Athenian
would have called a Synteleia ; and each society
was required to furnish, according to its means,
a horse soldier or a foot soldier. The whole
number. . . was |H)pulurly extlmated at a hun-
dred and Ihirlv thousand nieii.— Macaulay'b
Knu.. ch, :!.
:ilT. ARMY, Teit in the. .himix If. |Tlio
king resolved to oiipress the I'rotcstaiils in Ire-
land and promote lioniaii Catliolicism. | Many
otiieers of the army wi'ie arbitrarily d( prlved of
llieir coinmissioiis'aiid of their bread. It was to
no purpose- tlial the luidlieutenaiit pleaded tho
( iius(' of ,Ho!iie whom 111! knew lo be good sol-
diers and loyal sul)|ecls. Among them were old
Cavaliers, wlio hud fought bravely for monarchy,
and who bore the marks of honoralile wound.s.
Their places were siijiplied by men who had no
recommenilatioii but their religion. Of the new
(iiptains and lieiilenants, it was said, some had
been cowherds, some footmen, some noted ma-
nuiders; some had been so used lo wear brogues
that they stumbled and shullled about Hlrangely
in their" military jack-boots. Not a few of tho
olHcers who wen^ discarded look refuge in tho
Dutch service, and enjoyed four years later tho
pleasure of driving their succes.sors before them
111 ignominious rout through the waters of tho
Hoyne. — Macaii.av's Kn<i., ch. (5.
3I». ARREST, Undeeerved, John liunynn.
He was the 11 rst IS',)iieonformist who had been
marked for arrest. If he llinched after he had
been singled out liy name, the whole body of his
congregation would be discouraged. Go to
church li(! would not, or promise to go to
church; but he was wdling to sulfer u liatever
ininishment the law might order. Thus, at tho
time and place which had been agreed on, ho
was in the room at Samsell, with his Bible in
his hand, and was about to begin his address,
when the constables entered and arrested him.
II(! made no resistance. He desired only to bo
allowed lo .sav a few words, which the constables
permitted. — i^KOL'DKH Hunyan, ch. 5.
310. ARROGANCE answered. Clun-lfa V.
When France was invaded by Charles V., ho
iiupiired of a jirisoner, how many ddjin Pari.s
might be di.stant from the frontier. " Perhap.s
tiwhr, but they will be days of battle ;" sucli
was tlie gallant answer which checked tho ar-
rogance of that ambitious prince. — OiiujoN'a
UoME, ch. 30.
3!20. ARROGANCE, Childish. Xc)\rcii. The im-
]ialience of Xerxes could not brook the delay
that would have attendcjd the transportation of
this iinmen.sc body of land forces in his fleet
across the ^Egean, which is a very dangerous
navigation, or even by the narrower .sea of tho
Hellespont. He ordered a bridi^e of boats to bo
constructed between Sestos and Abydos, a dis-
tance of seven furlongs (seven eighths of a mile).
This stru(rture was no .sooner completed than it
was demolished by a tempest. In revenge of
this insult to his power, the directors of the work
were beheaded, and the outrageous element itself
was punished, by throwing into it a pair of iron
fetters, and bestowing three hundred lashes upon
the water. — Tytleh's Hist., Book 3, ch. 1.
321. ARROGANCE, Insulting. Attila. [Tho
Roman Emperor Marcian refused the tribute dc;-
nianded.] He threatened to chastise the rash
successor of Theodosius ; but he hesitated wheth-
er he should first direct his invincible arms
against tho Eastern or the Western empire.
AHIKHJANCK-AKT.
;!!)
While iimnkiiiil uwuitcd liU (lncUioii with awful
hiiMiM'iiHf, lie Ht'iit nil i'(|iml (It't)iiii('c til till' courts
of UiivciiniutiKl ('orisliiiitiiio|il(' : and lils iiiiiils
Urn wiliili'il till- two i'iii|H'r(ii's willi IIk' Niiiiir
liiiiif^hty (leclariilioii. "Allilii, mi/ InnI, ami
//(// loni, ('iiiniiiands llicc to providr a palace for
his iiuiiicdiali: rcccplloii." — (iiiiiioNH ItoMi:,
ch. :r».
Slil'J. ARROGANCE, Lofty. AlHI'i. AVIieii At
tlla lli'Hl gave anillciice to llic Uoinaii aiiihaH-
h^idors on the banks of the Duindie, his Ici.' was
('ii('oi>.()asHcd with a foriiddultle ^iiard. 'I'lie
nio'.iarch himself was sealed in a woriden chair.
lliHHteni ('(aintenance, anj^^ry gestures, and ini
puiifiit toni! astonished tlie llrninessof .Maxindn.
. . . The liarliarian lU'ropintly declared, that he
ai)pri'hended only the dis^rrace of contending
witli Ids fujjillve slaves, since he despised
their impotent elTorls to defend the provinces
which Theodosius had intrusted to their arms :
" For what, fortress" (added Attila), " what city,
in till! wid(! c.Ment. of the Konnin empire, tan
ho|)<! tu exist, secure and impre^nalile, if it is
our pleasiiro that it should Ih^ erased from iUv
earth 1" — OimioNs Uo.mi;, ch. 'M.
:iii3. ARROGANCE, National. Kiii/f<in<f. The
ronduct of Oreat liritain toward tin; United
Htatcs hccmne as arrogant as that of France! was
impudent. In Novendxr of ITKiJ Oeoi^t' IH. is-
Hucd Hc'cret instructions to Hrilish privateers to
Mei/.o all neutral vessels that mi^lit Int found
trading in the West Indies. The I'nited Htates
liad no uotitlcation of this high handed measure ;
and American commerco to the value of many
iidllions of dollars was swept from the; sea, hy
11 process dilFtiring in notlung from highway
robbery. Hut for the temperate spirit of the
government the country would have iieen at onct!
lilunged into war. lUedress was demanded, and
u treaty signed.] — Uidivvth's ['. S., oh. 47.
394. ARSON, Deitruotion by. (^'/iohiwh. Af-
ter the reduction of Oalilee and the region be-
yond the Jordan, whose resistance appears to
have delayed the fate of the capital, Jenisah^m
its(!lf was taken l)y as.sault. TIk; sepulchre of
Christ and the stalely churches u{ Helena and
Constantino were consumed, or at least dam-
aged, by th(' Hames ; the devout offerings of
tiiree hundred years were rifled in one .sacrile-
gious day ; the Patriarch Zachariah and the
true crons were transported into Persia ; and the
ina.s.sucre of ninety thousand Christians is im-
))uted to the Jews and Arabs, who sw(!lled the
ilLsorderof the Persian march. — Giiuion's Homk,
ell. 46.
325. ART, Age of Fine. Gm,;; The arts
broke out at once with jirodigious lustre at
Athens, under the luxurious admiiust ration of
Pericles. In architecture and s(idi>ture, Phidias
at tliat time distinguished him.self by such supe-
rior ability, that his works were regarded as won-
ders by the ancients, as long as any knowledge or
taste remained among them. His brother Panie-
us , . . is liimself distinguished as the artist who
painted the famous picture in the Po'cile at Ath-
ens, representing tlie battle of Alarathon, wliich
is described by Pau.sanias and Pliny as so jxjrfect
a picture, that it presented striking portraits of
the leaders on l)oth sides. It was from tlie de-
signs of Phidias that many of the noblest build-
ings of Athens were rearecl ; and from the exam-
|)l<> of tliew, n lust and excellent taNle in urchi-
lecture soon (lilTtlM'd its<>lf over all (ireece.
Phidias ha<l many disciples ; and after his time
arose a succession of endnent architects, Hcuipt-
ors, and painters, who mitinlained those sister
arts in high jM'rfection for alHtve a century, lill
after the death of Alexander the (Ireat. Vhis,
therefore, may Is' termed the golden age of the
arts in ( i recce ; while in those departments the
contemporary nations were vet in the rudest Ig-
norance.- 'rVri.Kii'rt llisr., llook 2, ch 7.
3ti<l. ART, Conqueit *'7. Cimni: liy the vic-
tory over the Ncrvii the IJelglan confederacy
was almost extingidslicd. 'I'he Oerman Adua-
luci remained <ady to be bnaight to submission.
'I'hi'y had been on their way to join their ( /untry-
mcii ; they wen^ too late for thi^ battle, and re-
turned and shut themselves up in Namur, the
strongest position in tli(< Low Countries. Ca>sar,
after a short rest, pushed on and <'ame uiuh'r
their walls. The Aituatuci were a race of giiuits,
and were at tlrst defiant. When th<'y saw the
Uomans' siege-towers in |)reparalion, they could
not Is'lieve tlial men so small could mov(! such
vast machines. When the towers began to
aiiproach, they lost heart and sued for terms. —
FUOUDKH C.KH.VIt, cIl. 14.
3!IT. ART cormpted. Honnin. Art was partly
corrupted by the fondness for glare, expensive-
ness, and si/.e, and partly sank into ndsiTablo
triviality, or immoral prettinesses, such as tho.se
which decorated tla^ walls of Pompeii in th(;lir.st
century, and the Parcaux Cerfsin the eighteenth.
(Jreek statues of the days of Phidias were ruth-
lessly decapitated, that their heads ndght Ih) re-
l)laced by the scowling or imbecile features of a
Uaius or a Claudius. Nero, |)rofi'ssing to be a
coimois.s<'ur, thought that he improved tla; AI(!X-
ander of Lysimachus by gilding it from head to
foot. — Fauuaii'h E.\K1-Y I).\YS, p. 5.
3a«. ART, Deformity in. C/iimn,'. The Chi-
nese iiave long practised the art of i)ainting ;
yet, instead of a hbcral art, it has ever Ineii with
them a mere mechanic drudgery. Their paint-
ings, with a splendor of <;oloring, and the most
iniinite accuracy of i)encilling, havit neither
grace, beauty, nor .justness of proportion. They
have not the smallest notion of perspective. In-
stead of a gracefidness of attitude, the taste of
the Chinese painter delights itself with the ex-
pres-sion of distortion and deforndty. Let us
liere remark the contrast between these Asiatics
and th(! Grecian artists. In the images of the
gods, which it is to l)e presumed men would al-
ways choose to picture according to their most
exalted ideas of beauty and majesty, the Greeks
have given a character and expression noble
almo-^l beyond imagination. The idols of the
Chinese ar<! deformed, hideous, and disgusting
beyond measure, — Tytleu's IIist. , Book 5,
ch. 24.
329. ART, Destruction of. Xero. If Nero
was indeed guilty, then the act of a wretched
bulToon, mad with the di.sea.sed sensibility of a
depraved nature, has robbed the world of works
of art, and memorials, and records, priceless
and irrecoverable. We can rather imagine than
describe the anguish with which the llomans,
bitterly conscious of their own degeneracy, con-
templated the destruction of the relics of their
national glory in the days when Home was free.
40
ATIT.
WImt nnuld flT<T rt'plann for Jhcm or thrlr rlill-
driMi Mucli moiniiiu'titN iw tint 'r<>rniilo of I.utiu,
liiillt liy HcrvliiM TiiIIIiim ; iind Mm /ini Afujiimi,
wlilcli tli(< ArciKlliiii Kviiiidcr liiul rcarrd to lli r
I'lilcH ; 1111(1 till* 'rcniplc of .lupltir Htitlor, Imilt
In lU'corriuiicc with llii> vow of Itotinilim ; iiikI
till' lllllc liiiinl)!)' paliMi'of Niiinu , titid tlii'sliriiic
of Vc'NtllWith till* I'cillltl'S of Ihl' Itolllllll |H'llpll'
and tlioNpoilMiif riinqiirrrd kliiK'*V NVIiiiiNtnir
tiiriil niaK»ll)ri'iiri* cihiIiI iiloiii' for llii> Iomn nf
iiKtiiioriiklM wliirli till' HOMK of Vir^'il mid of llor
Bcn hud ri'iidi'icd hIIII more dnir y Tin' iliv
nii^lit rUc iiioir ri'^iiliir from Iim iisIu'h, mid \viili
liroudrr HiriTiN, hut it-iiirtitlclul iinifornilly wum
iKpii-Nlioniilili' lioon. Old iiii'ti lii'i'liirrd Hint llir
new Htn-t'lH wiTi- fur Icsh lirullliy, in roiiHii|iiiiiii'
of tlii'lr rnori' Nrorrliini; i^lirv, and liny iniiltrnd
ninon^ tliciiiHclvi'H lliul many mi oIiJitI oI' na
tioniil intcri'Mt had iHi-n wmilonlv K'lrrillri'd to
gratify Ilit; woniaiiisli frrak of a iniNi'raMc arlor.
— Fauuah'h Eauly Davh, p. :il.
3!I0. . hirilitiiK. The Parliament
Tc'Noivcd that all pictiirrM in tlic royal coilirtion
"whicli containi'd riprfHi'PtatioiiM of .Ii.suh or of
the Virgin Mollii-r hIioiiIiI \m hiirncd. Hciilp-
liirn fared im ill an painliii^. NyinpliH and
CJniccH, tlid work of Ionian cIiIhcIk, were deliv-
«Te<l over to Puritan NloneniiiNoiiH to Ik; made
«leeent. — Macaui.ay'h Knii., eli. 2.
{|3I. . Itiiin of J'tii;/! Ilium. We
liave Hcen liow Iho rising; eiiy was adorned liy
the vanity and des|)i)tiMm of the Imperial fouii-
<lur; in tliu ruins of pa^iui ism, Home gods and
lierocH wero saved from the axe of HiiiK'rsli-
tion ; and the forum and liippodrome were dif?-
nifled witli the relies nf ii Ix^tter atfo. Heveral of
IhcHO are descrilK*d by Nieelivs In n florid and
afTeetcd Htylu ; iind from his dcseriptions I shall
Belcet some Interesting particulars :!.... vic-
torious charioteers. ... 2. The sfihinx, river-
liorso und tToeodiln. ... 8. Tlio she-wolf
xucklinjir Homiilus and Henuis. ... 4. An ea-
gle holding and tearing u seriwnt. ... 5. An
ass and his driver. ... 0. An equestrian sta-
tue. . . . Hellerophon and Pegasus. ... 7. A
liriuw olielisk. ... 8. The Phrygian shep-
lierd presenting to Venus the prize of beauty,
the apple of discord. ... 0. The statue of
Helen. ... 10. The manly form of Hercules.
... 11. Statue of Juno. . . . 13. Another
colossus of Pallas or Minerva. — Giuuon'h Kumk,
ch. 61.
339. ABT destmotiye to Life. Enrihqnake.
In the disasters occasioned by eartlupnikes, the
jirchitect becomes the enemy of mankind. The
liut of a savage or Iho tent of an Arab may be
thrown down without injurv to the inhabitant ;
and the Peruvians had reason to deride the folly
©f their Spanish conquerors, who with so much
cost and !nl)or erected their own sepulchres.
The rich marbles of a patrician are dashed on his
©wn head ; a whole people is buried under the
xiiina of public and private edifices, and the con-
flagration is kindle<l and propagated by the in-
numerable fires which are necessary for the sub-
sistence and manufactures of a great city. —
Gibbon's Rome, ch. 48.
333. ABT, Educated In. Romans. Whatever
■were their [the Etruscans] attainments in the
fine arts in those remote ages, their successors,
tJbe Romans, inherited none of that knowledge
from thrm ; for at llio jHTlml of Iho ronqiirat of
(jn-ece, the It.imans had not a tincture of tastn
in thoM«< artH, till they caught the Infection from
the preclouM Hpolls whirli the sole love of phin-
ili r then importnl inio Italy. . . . Kven when
time had brought the art^ to the highest |M'rfec-
tioii they ever attained among the ItoniMiiw, thlM
people nevirceiiNed to arkiiowledge the high sii-
pi rioiily of the < IreekM, of w liiih we have thin con-
\ Ineing proof, that when the Unman HutlmrN reh>-
liniteanv ex(|ulHile nrodiirlion of art. It iMivertho
work ofa I'liiiliiiM, PraxitelfM, liyNipims, (Jlyeon.
ZiuxiM, AfM'lli'H, ParrhaMiiiM, or, in tine, of somn
iirtiMt who adorned thai Nplendid periiMl, and not
of those who had worked at Home, or who hail
livid nearer to their own tiniiH than (he age of
Alexander the (Jreat.— TvTi.KU's Hiht., Hook 2»
ch. 7.
SiSM. AKT, Low ntimate of. Simurl Jnhmunt.
.InhiiNon expressed his diMapproliatioii of orna-
mental arrliilerliire, hikIi as magnitlceiit eolunin^
Hiipporling a nortiio, or expeiiNive pila-slers siip-
Jiorting merely tlieir own capitals, *' beeaiise it
<'onsumes labor disproportionate to Its utility."
For the same reason he satirized slatiiarv.
" Painting," Hiiid lie, "eonHumes labor not dis-
iroportionale to its elTeet ; but a fellow will
lacK half a year at a block of marble, toniakn
HoiiKtthing in'sloiK! that hardly ri'Kemblesa man.
The value of statuary is owing to ils ditlleully.
You would not valui* the llnesl heml cut upon a
carrot." Here he seemed ti' me to Im) strangely
dellcleiit in taste ; for, surely, statuary is anoblu
art of imilalioii. — Hohwki.i.'s Johnson 27(1.
3.15. ART, Frlvoloui. Pnlitrc of C< Un»-
jili'. The long seriesof the apartments pt-
ed to the seitsons, and decorated wiiu marblo
and porphyry ; with painting, scultitun', and mo-
saics ; with a profusion of gold, silver, ami
precious stones. His [Theophllus] fanjifiil mag-
nificence employed the skill and patience of such
artists us the times could afford ; but the taste of
Athens would have despised tlieir frivolous and
co.stiy lal)ors ; a golden tree, with its leaves anil
branches, which sheltered a multitude of bird.i
warbling tlieir artificial notes, and two lions of
massy gold, and of natural size, who looked and
roared like their brethren of the forest. — Giu-
uon's Uumr, ch. 53, p. 8r)l.
336. ABT, Inipiration in. Itnliam. What
treasures may we supi)osc vet remain in Greeco
and . . . Italy I To the discovery of some of
tlio.se remnants of ancient art lias been attributed
the revival of jiainting and sculpture, after their
total extinction during the Middle Ages. This,
at least, is certain: that, till Michael Angelo anil
liaphael, feeling the beauties of the antique,
liegun to emulate their noble manner, and Intro-
duced into their works, the one a grandeur, anil
the other a beauty, unknown to the age in which
they lived, the manner of their predecessors had
been harsh, constrained, and utterly deficient in
grace. — Tytlek's Hist. , Book 2, ch. 7.
337. ABT, Origin of. Neccmity. We may
presume, with some reason, that in the early
ages tlie priests were among the first who culti-
vated the sciences. The useful arts are the im-
mediate oflfsprlng of necessity ; and in the infancy
of society every Individual, according as he feefa
his wants, is put to the necessity of exercising
his taler.ta in some rude contrivances to supply
AUT,
41
lh«*in. Till' Mkill to I'onHlriirt Initninit'tilM for
tli<' cnptiiri' or tlcKlnii'lidii of iiiiIiiiiiIn, nr for nf
flllCC lUnI llffcni'l' III will', N fiMiml MMinll^' till'
niiiNt iNirliiir mim tialiiiiix. 'I'lic riMli'iirls nf rnrtu
liiKiK'lotli' iR fiii'tlif li<M|y,iiii(l lliiTiitixiriKiliiiiH
of liiilM t'( rMlii'ltcriiuainsrthi' iiirli'iiii'iiclcM (if Die
iilr, foriii iiiiiiiiiK Hiirli imili)iis lli<' iii'i'ii|iiill(iii nf
f'vcry Inillvldiiiil nf llir IiIIn' or ruiiiiimiilly, iiikI
t'vcii of bolii McxcM. — Tyti.ku'h iliHT., iiook 1,
til. it.
!|!l«. . Ki/i/iititirm. It Im liljjflily prn-
fmhlc, liHi, thill ffiiiii lliJM iM'opIc, as frniii ii
foi'iiN iif illiiiiilMalioti, iiiiHt (ii till' l'',iirn|iciiii nil
tintiM liavi', liy till' natural pri>),'ri'N.s<if knowli'ilKc,
received a ^reiil part of tlieir liiHtriirtion botli in
llio iirls and In the .seieiiees. The Ki;yptiaiiH in
Htnicted and enlightened the OreekM , (he Oreeks
performed the Name iMiiellcial otliie to the i{o
maiiH, who, In their turn instriietin^' the nations
whom they eoii()iiered or coloni/.ed, have trans
mitted the nidltiieiits of that knowle(|^(> which
till! industry and the p-iiius of the moderns are
continually extending' and advancing to jierfec
tion.— TvVi.i'.iiH IIiHr,, Hook 2, vh. 7.
:i:iO. ABT, Period! in. Afflnitj/ in. After the
defeat of Xerxes the Oreeks, Hecuro for some
time from foreign invaders, and in full possession
of their lilM'i'ly, achieved with disliiuriiislied
fflory, iniiy cerlHinly Ik! considered as at the sum
mil of their /rrandeur as a nation. They main
tallied for ii consideraliie tiiiu* their power and
inde|)(!iidence, and distinguished tli< uselvcs dur
in;; that ])eri<Ml by an universal v of ;;(.||iiis
unknown to otiier a;;es and nations. The tine
arts iMuir u iumv atllnily to each oilier ; atid it has
Hcldoin iM-en known in any a^v which produced
or encoura^^ed artists in oiu; department, that
there wens wanting others who displayt-d similar
«'xcelleri('(! in the rest. Of this, l-otli uncienl and
modem liistory afTords ainpli! proof, in the ugcs
of Pericles, of Leo X., and of Louis XIV. —
Tyti.kii'h Ilisr., Hook 2, cli. 7.
340. ABT, Ferioda of. Hmtian. In the period
of ancient history, we have seen that remiirkalile
Holeiidorto wliicii the tiiUMirts ui'o.se in tlu; age; of
rericles. In nuMlcrn times the ag(! of Leo X. is
an era eipially distinguished. The art of ])ainl-
ing lay long buried in the west, under tlu; ruins
of the Itomau Empire. It declined in the latter
ages, with the uni versid decay of tjistc and genius,
and needed not an irruption of the Goths to lay
it in the dust. Tlic Ostrogoths, who suImIucII
Italy, that pt'oi)Io who were barlmrians only in
name, had they found it in splemlor, would have
industriously cherished and preserved it, a.s they
did every monument of ancient grandeur or of
beauty ; but painting und sculpture were never
higli among the ancient Romans ; and that the
tjisteand genius for the imitative arts underwent
a regular and natural decay, we have the .strong-
est proof in examining the scries of the coins of
the lower empire. — Tyti.kii's Hist., Book 0,
ch. 22.
341. AKT, Fleuorea of. Preferred. A very
fashionable baronet [Sir Michael Le Fleming]
in the brilliant world, who, on his attention
being called to the fragrance of a May evening
in the country, observed: "This may be very
well ; but, for my part, I prefer the smell o' a
flambeau at the playhouse."- Boswell's John-
60N, p. 127.
I 314. ART protMtod. liu CI i mule. It H(><>nm
[HI iiliiir to Ihr c liniiiie of Kgypt, Ihiit time up
pears scarcely to make any seiiNilile iinpreHMion
on those iiioiniineiits of human ituliiMtiy. The
ciiiiHc is |ilauNilily assigned bv Me .Miillirt, in his
I " llcNi riplion de ri')gypte. ' Kaiii and front,
says that author, which in othrr countries are
till- destroyers of all liic works if art which are
ex|ios>'d to the air. are utterly iiuknown in Kgypt.
The stnicliiresof that countrv, its pyraiiiids and
its olM'lisks, can sustain no Injury unless from
the sun and wind, which have scarce any Mcnsi
lileetTect in wiisilngor corroiling their miiteriulu.
— TYri.i.ii's Hisi , Iiook I, ch. 4.
313. ART, Frotaoted by. Sifnienne. M :rcel
Ills . . . besieged Hvracilse. . . . Tlie genius of
II siiiulc man [.\rcliline(les| was found siitllcient
to withstand for a great length of time the lit
most cfTorls of an enemy bv sea and land. . . .
Till' city was iwenlv two miles in compiiHs. . . .
iMarcciliis caused eight galleys to be joined to
gelher laterally by iron cliains, and on their
surface, as a foiinilalion, an iniinciisc tower was
erected, whose height overtopped the walls of
the city. This huge machine, which MarcelluH
called his Sdinhiieti, or Dulcimer, was slowly
advancing, rowed by a great number of men,
when Archiniedesdiscliarged from one of his en
giiiesiistoneof twelve hundred and tifly pounds
weight, tlicn a second, and immediately after
ward a third, with a direction so sure as to batter
the galleys and the tower to pieces in a few iiiiii-
utcs. An imnienseartillery of darts, stones, burn
lug torches, and every material of annoyance, was
incessantly laiincheil upon the besiegers from
every (luartcr of the walls; while the niachines
from which they issued were altogetlier beyond
their reach, and even out of their siglit. It was
of no avail whether they made their attack from
a distance or close to tlii^ walls. If within the
shot of a bow, the engines of Archimedes assailed
the galleys with stones of such weight as entirely
to demolish tlicm ; if they ai)proiiclied the walls,
they were seized by cranes and griipjiling-iroiiH,
suspended in th(> air, and suddenly let fall with
a force that sunk them. Taking advantage of a
meridian sun, and concentrating thi; rays by a
combination of polished metal, this wondc'rfiil
engineer burnt the vessels of the eiu^my at a fur
long's distance, thus . . . making even the tire
of heaven olKnlient to his comnmnd.s. — Tyti.ku'h
lIiHT., Book a, ch ii.
344. ABT, Revival of. Italy. The line arts
are said to have Ik-cii revived in Italy by artists
fnmi Greece ; and it seems highly probable that
in that country, which had been eminently dis-
tinguished liy their splendor and i)erfection, tlu;
taste should have been less entirely lost than in
any other. The most common notion is, that,
about the end of the thirteenth century, Cimabue,
a Florentine, observing the works of two Grecian
artists, who had l)een .sent for to paint one of the
churches at Florence, l)egan to attempt some-
thing of the same kind, and socii conceived that
it would not be difficult to surpass such nidi!
performances. His works were the admiration
of his time ; he had his scholars and his imitat-
ors ; among tlie.sc were Ghiotto, Gaddi, Tasi
Cavallini, and Stephano Florentino ; and the
number of artists continued so to increase, that
an academy for painting was in.stituted at Flor-
I
i
r
42
ART.
ence in the Tear IS-TO. Still, howevt-r, the art
Tvaa extremely low, and the artists, with Krcat
industry, 8<H«ni to have hiul no spark of genius. —
Tytlku's Hist., Book 0, cli. 22.
345. . FifU-fnth Ccntunj. The siir-
res-sors of (JimaOne and of Ghiotto .sccni ail to
liave painted in one manner. Their works are
distinguished by a hani and rigid outline, sharp
imgles of ti'<^ 'iiiibs, and stilf folds in the drapery ;
a contour, in short, in which there is not the
iimaliest, grace or elegance. Such, with little
variation or improvement, was the manner of
painting for above two centuries. The best
artists valued themselves on the most scrupulous
and servile imitation of nature, without any
capacity of distinguishing licr beauties and de-
formities. In painting a head, itwasthehi^^hest
pitch of excellence that all the wrinkles ot the
skin .should bo most distinctly marked, and that
the spectator should be able to count evcrv hair
on the beard. Such was the state of pamting
till toward the end of the fifteenth century,
■when all at once, as if by some supernatural in-
fluence, it attained at asuiglo step to the summit
of perfection. Nothing can more clearly demon-
strate that the splendor to which the fine arts
all at once att;uned, at tno period of ■which Tve
now speak, was owing entirely to natural genius,
and not to accidental causes, than this circum-
stance, that though many remains of the finest
sculpture of the ancients existed, and were known
In Italy for some centuries preceding this era, it
"was not till this time that they began to serve as
models of imitation. — Tytleu's Hist., Book 6,
ch. 22.
346. ART, Schools of. Three. These three
— the Florentine, the Roman, and the Venetian —
are the chief of the Italian schools of painting.
The Florentine is distinguished by grandeur and
sublimity, , !id great excellence of design ; but a
ivant of grace, of beauty of coloring, and skill
in the chiaro-oscuro. The character of the Roman
is equal excellence of design, a grandeur, tem-
pered with moderation and simplicity, a high
degree of grace and elegance, and a superior
knowledge, though not an excellence in coloring.
The characteristic of the Venetian is the perfec-
tion of coloring and the utmost force of the
c?iiaro-o8curo, with an inferiority in every other
particular. — Tytlek's Hist., Book 6, ch. 22.
347. AST, Superiority in. Masters. Michael
Angelo was so smitten with the beauties of the
antique, that he occupied himself in drawing
iiamberless sketches of a mutilated trunk of a
statue of Hercules, still to be seen tit Rome, and
from him called the Torso of Jlichael Angelo.
Ilaph.ael, whose works have entitled him to the
same epithet which the Greeks bestowed on
Apelles, Tlie Divine — Raphael confessed the ex-
cellence of the antique by borrowing from it
many of his noblest airs and attitudes; and his
enemies (for merit will ever have its enemies)
have asserted, that of those gems and basso-re-
lievos which he had been at piiins to collect and
copy, he had destroyed not a lew, in order that
the beauties he had thence borrowed might pass
for his own. The practice of those artists, whose
names are the first among the moderns, affords
Bufflcient argument of the superiority of the an-
cients. Their works remain the highest models
«f the art ; and we who, in the imitation of the
human figure, have noi nature, as they had, can.
sUmtly before our ayes undiBguised, and in het
most graceful an(l sublimest aspects, can find no
means so short and ho sure to attain *o cxoellcnco
as by imitating the antique. — Tytleu's IIibt.,
Book 2, ch. 7.
348. . Jiaphofl. Ilisinrcntionand
composition are admirable, his attitudes grand
and sublime, his female figures in the highest
degree lieautiful. He understood the anatomy
of the human figure as well as Michael Angelo,
l)ut he never offends by a harsh delineation of
the muscles. His skill in the chiaro-oscvro, ot
in the effect of light and shiule. is beyond that
of Michael Angelo, and his coloring very far
superior to him. In the action of his figures
there ia ncAhing violent and constrained, but all
is moderate, simple, and gracefully majestic.
Many painters there are, excellent in diiierent
departnients, and several that, in one single de-
partment, may be found to exceed even liaphael ;
but in that supreme excellence v/hich consists iu
the union of all the various merits of the art, ho
stands unrivalled, and far removed from all
competition. In representing female beauty,
liaphael has gone beyond every other artist, and
even beyond the antique itself. In his Madon-
nas, in his St. Cecilia, and in his Galatea, imagi-
nation cannot reach a finer conformation of
features. In painting the Galatea, he says him-
self, in one of his letters, that, unable to find
among the most beautiful women thnt cxce"efice
which he aimed at, he made ust of a certain
divine fonn or idea, which presented itself to
his imagination. In his portraits he seems to
have confined himself to the perfect imitation of
nature, without desire to raise or embellish, but
without that minute and servile accuracy whie&
distinguishes the works in that style of some of
the Flemish masters. The union of all theseexcel-
lences, which has placed Raphael at the head of
all the painters that ever the world produced,
was attained by a youth who never reached tha
middle period of life. Raphael died at the ago
of thirty-seven. What may we suppose he would
have been had he lived to the age of Titian or
Leonardo da Vinci 2 — Tytler's Hist., Book 3,
ch. 7.
349. ABT, Treasures of. Kapoleon L [The
victorious] Napoleon . . . demanded twenty of
the choicest pictures of the duke [of Paraia] to
be sent to the Museum of Paris. To save one of
these works of art — the celebrated picture of St.
Jerome — the duke offered two hundred thousand
dollars. Napoleon declined the money, stating^
to the army, " The sum which he offers will sooa
be spent ; but the possession of such a master-
l)iece at Paris will adorn that capital for ages,
and give birth to similar exertions of genius." —
Abbott's Napoleon B., vol. 1, ch. 5.
350. ART, Value of. Cannon. This epoch
was signalized by one of the most important dis-
coveries that has ever been made — the invention
of artillery. Some pieces of cannon, which, it
is said, Eaward had placed in the front of hia
army, contributed much to throw the enemy into
confusion, and to give victory to the English.
This invention, apparently a most destructive
one, has certainly, upon the whole, proved bene-
ficial to society. Nations are more upon a
luvel, as less depends upon frantic exertions of
A IITISANS— ASCETICS.
43
courtij."' ; and, conscciucntly, from ii consideni-
tion of nil «nmlily of .st length, tlio pi'iico of
kiiijfdoms is Ix'ttcr jiri'sr-rvcd. Tho victory of
C'rcHsy [a. I). i:{4(l| was followed by the .sit'irc
and reductloiiof ( alai.H. — Tytlkus I'lisr,, Hook
0, cli. 13.
35 i. ARTT«"ANS, Capture of. Sil/i--ir,:Trrs.
Two cities ot S])aiii, Alincriu and Lisbon, wen;
famous fortliemainifactun^ ... of .silk. It was
Hist introduced into Sicily by the Normans ; and
this emij,n'ation of trado(lii:1iiigiiishes tlio victorv
of Ho<;;er from the uniform and fruitless liostili-
ties ttf every ni^v. After the .sack of (.'orinth,
Athens, and Thebes, his lieutenant cnibarkccl
with H captive train of weavers and artilicers of
both sexes, a trophy glorious to their inast'r,
iiiid di.sgraeeful to the Greek em])eror. The
King of Sicily was not in.sensible of the value of
the present. — Gihuon's Uomk, eh. !)'S.
35a. ARTISANS, Wages of. Kiif/hind. The
remuneration of workmen employed in manu-
factures has always been higher than that of the
tillers of the soil. In the year KWO a member
of tlie House of Commons remarked that the
liigh wages paid in this country made it impos-
sible for our textures to maintain a competition
with the produce of the Indian looms. An
English mechanic, lie said, instead of slaving
like a native of Bengal for a jiiece of copjier, ex-
acted a shilling a day. Other evidence is extant,
which proves that a .shilling a day was tlie pay
to which the English manufacturer then thought
himself entitled, but that lie was often forced to
work for less. — Macaui,ay's Eno., cli. 3.
353. ARTISANS, Ancient. W<ir. A tradition
has prevailed that the Roman fleet was reduced
to ashes in the port of Svracu.":?, by the burning-
glaases of Archimedes [see No. 342] ; and it is
jussertcd that a .similar expedient was cmi)loyed
by Proclus to destroy the Gothic vessels in the
harbor of Constantinople, and to ])rotect his
benefactor Anasta.sius against the bold enterprise
of Vitalian. A machine was fixed on the walls
of the city, consisting of a hexagon mirror of
polished brass, with many smaller and movable
jiolygons to receive and reflect the rays of the
meridian sun ; and a consuming flame was
darted to the distance, perh.ips, of two hundred
feet. . . . Proclus applied sulphur to the destruc-
tion of the Gothic fleet ; in a modern imagination,
the name of sulphur is instantly connected with
the suspicion of gunpowder, and tliat suspicion
is propagated by the .secret arts of his di.sciple
Anthemius. — Gibbon's Rome, ch. 40.
354. ARTS encouraged. Count, )>ttne. [Con-
stjintine the Great] di.seovered that in the de-
cline of the arts the skill as well iis numbers of
his architects l)ore a very unequal proportion to
the gre.itness of his designs [in the building of
Constantino])le]. The magistrates of the most
distant provinces were therefore directed to in-
stitute schools, to ai)point ])rofe.s.sors, and, by the
hopes of rewards and i)rivileges, to engage in the
study and practice of architecture a sufficient
number of ingenious youths who had received a
liberal education. — Gibbon's Ro.me, vol. Z,
ch. 17, p. 95.
355. ARTS, Obsolete. By InrenUons. The
endowment in 1026 of a free-school at Great
Marlow, to teach twenty-four girls to knit, spin.
and mak(! bone-lace, had become a provision,
for the continuance of obsolete arts, and unjirofit-
able labor [early in the eighteenth century]. —
Kniuiit's Eno., vol. T), ch. 2, p. 20.
350. ARTS, Subsidized. Mitrtiii Lvthrr. Yor
religion.) In the year 1524 there apixared in
Wiitenlx'rg the tir.st German hymn-book, con-
sisting of eight hymns, among tliem the one be-
ginning, " Now, rejoice, ye Christian people."
In the jireface he remarks : " I am not of the
opinion that all the artsslunild be sui)pr<'ssed by
the gosjx'l, and should perish, as .several high
ecclesiastics maintain ; but I would rather that
all the arts, especially music, .should be enli.sted
in the service of Him'who has created them ami
bestowed them upon us." And he was forced
to view with deep regret the arts and .sciences
endangered by those intemperate fanatics who,
in their false zeal, would have destroyed all the
external decoration of the churches. — Rein's
LuTUEU, ch. 13.
357. ASCETICISM, Exercise of. Amiiici. The
opinion and practice of the mona.sterics of
Alount Athos will be best represented in the
words (>f an abbot, who flourished in the elev-
enth century. " When thou art alone iu thy
cell," .says the ascetic teacher, ".shut thy door,
and seat thy.self in a corner; rai.se thy miiiii
above all things vain and transitory ; recline thy
beard and chin on thy breast ; turn thy eyes and
thy thoughts towards the middle of thy belly, the
region of the navel ; am' .search the place of the
heart, the scat of the soul. At first, all will be
dark and comfortless ; but if you persevere day
and night, you will feel an ineffable joy ; and
no sooner has the .soul discovered the place of
the heart than it is involved in a m3'stic and
ethereal light." This light, the i)roduetion of a
distemjiered fancy, the creature of an empty
.stomach and an empty brain, was adored by the
Suietisis as the jnire and perfect essence of God.
im.self. — Gibbon's Rome, ch. 42.
35i. ASCETICISM, Escape from. John Wedeu.
[John Wesley before his conversion was anxious-
ly .seeking rest for his soul, and] proposed to
himself a solitary life in the " Yorkshire dales ;"
"it is the decided temper of his .soul." His
wise mother interposes, ad.uonishing him pro-
phetically, "that God had better work for him
to do." lie travels some miles to consult "a
serious man." "The Bible knows nothing of
a .solitary region," says this good man, and
Wesley turns about his face toward that great
career which was to make his history a part
of the history of his country and of the world. —
Stevens' M. E. Ciiiiucii, vol. 1, p. 32.
359. ASCETICS, Early, liomon. Prosperity
and peace introduced tlu; distinction of the viil-
f/)ir and the Ancctic Christians. The loose and
imperfect practise of religion satisfied the con-
.science of the multitude. The prince or magis-
trate, the soldier or merchant, reconciled their
fervent zeal and implicit faith with the exer-
cise of their profession, luu i)ursuit of their in-
terest, and the indulgence of their passions ; but
the Ascetics, who obeyed and abused the rigid
precepts of the gospel, were inspired by tho
siiva,^e enthusiasm which represents man as a
criminal and God as a tynint. They seriously
renounced the business and the pleasures of tho
age ; abjured the u.sc of wine, of fle-sh, and of
44
ASSASSINATION.
miirria^rc ; olmstiwd tlicir body, inortifled their
iiffcc'tioii.s, iind onibriiccd n life of niisery, iih tlic
price of eternal Imppiniws. In the rei^ni of C'on-
stimtine the Ascetics lied frotn ii prol'ti' ind dc-
ffenerate world to perjjetual solitiid or rcliy
ious Hociety. — Gihiion'h Komi:, eh. ;5T.
360. ASSASSINATION attempted, /."nix I'/ii-
Upiw.. In 18;r> Louis I'hilijtpe and his three
aon.4 and a spl(;n(lid suite of inililary odicers were
riding through the line of the National Guard,
'Jmwn up on the Boulevard du Teini)le, when
an explosion resenilling a discharge of musket-
ry took place from the window of a house over-
looking the road. Fourteen ])ersons were
killed on the H\wi. A shower of bullets liad
been discharged by a machine consisting of
twenty-flvo barrels, which, arranged side by
side horizontally upon a frame, could be fired at
once by a train of gunpowder. Tlui king was
unhurt. [The Corsic;in who attempted this
whol(!.sale massacre was wounded by the burst-
ing of one of the barrels, and arrested.] Anothi-r
attempt was made on the life of Louis Philippe
in 1836 by a man l)y the name of Alibaud, who
flrtd into the king's carriage, the (jueen and liis
sister being with liim. A third attempt was
made in the same jear by another desperado
named Meunicr. . . . There is nothing more re-
markable than the extraordinary escai"'« of Louis
Philippe, us if lie bore a charmeil life. — K.mout's
Eng., vol. 8, ch. 31, p. 374.
361. . Queen Victoria. [In 1840,
the year of her marriage, she was riding up Con-
stitution Hill in an open carriage;, with Prince
Albert, when a pistol was fired at them, and in
about half a minute there was a discharge of a
second pistol. Neither of the royal couple were
injured.] The youth named Oxford, who had
committed this atrocious crime, was a barman
at a public house. — Knioiit'bEng., vol. H, ch. 24.
362. . Queen Victoria. On the
30tli of May [1843] John Francis, a young man
ander twenty years of age, fired a ])istol at the
(pieen as she was coming down Constitution
Hill, in a barouche and four, accompanied l)y
Prince Albert. Her Majesty, thinking of others
rather than lierself, desired that none of the
ladies in waiting should accompany lier in lier
ride, which she would not forego for ambiguous
threats that had reached the ears of the police.
Francis was found guilty of liigh treason, and
received the usual capital .sentence, which was
commuted into transportation for life. On the
3d of July a deformed youth, named John Will-
iam Bean, presented a pistol at her Majesty, but
being seized by a bystander, was prevented from
firing it. [This was the third attempt within two
years.] — Knight's Eng., vol. 8, ch. 27, p. 497.
363. ASSASSINATION, Conspiracy for. Brit-
iah Cabinet. [In 1820 twenty-four per.sons en-
tered into a conspiracy to a.s.sassinate all the
members of the British Cabinet while at a Cabi-
net dinner. Hand grenades were to Ikj thrown
under the table, and any wlio escaped from
tliem were to be despatched with the sword.
The plot was betrayed, and five of its members
arrested and executed.] — Knight's Eng., vol. 8,
ch. 9, p. 161.
364. ASSASSINATION, Deliverance by. Henry
JII. of France. This cruel and dis.solute ty-
rant continuod to reign for fifteen years. IIi«
kingdom was at length delivered from him by
tli(! hand of a fanatic enthusiast, Jaccpics Clem-
ent, a Jacobin monk, actuated by the In-lief
that he was doing an act of consununate piety,
insinuated him.self into the palace, and stabbecl
the king with a knife in the belly. The as.sassin
was i)ut to death on \\w spot by the king's
guards, and Henry died in a few days of the
woiuid.— TvTi.Kii's Hist., Book «, ch. 37.
365. ASSASSINATION, Escape from. Ahrahnni
Lincoln. [On the 23d of February he reached
Harrisburg, on his way to Washington, where
he was to be inaugurated.] The ne.xt morning
\\w whole country was surprised to learn that lie
had arrived in Washington twelve hours sooner
than he had originally intended ... a small
gang of assa.ssins, uiKler the leadership of an
Italian who assumed the name of Orsini, liad
arranged lO take his lif(! during his pa.ssagu
through Baltimore. — R.vymonu's Lincoln, ch.
5, p. 108.
366. ASSASSINATION, Fear of. Cromwell.
Cromwell had himself thought for some years
that lie should perish by a.s,sa.ssination. He wore
a cuira.ss under his clothes, and carried defen-
.sive arms within reach of his hand. He never
slept long in the same room in the palace, con-
tinually changing his bedchamber, to mislead
domestic treason and military plots. A despot,
he suilered th<! i)unisiiment of tyranny. The
un.seen weight of the hatred which lie had accu-
mulated weighed uiion his imagination and dis-
turbed his sleep. The least murmuring in the
army appeared to him like the presage of a re-
bellion against his power. Sometimes he pun-
ished, sometimes he cares.se(l tho.se of his lieu-
tenants whom he suspected would revolt. — La.m-
autine's Cuomwell, p. 67.
367. ASSASSINATION, General. Ireland. The
Irish Roman Catholics had judged these tur-
bulent, times a fit sea.son for asserting the in-
dependency of their country, and shaking olT
the English yoke. From a detestable abuse of
the two best of motives, religion and liberty,
they were incited to one of the mcst horrible at
tempts recorded in the annals of history. They
conspired to a.ssa.ssinate, in one day, all the
Protestants in Ireland, and the design was hardly
surmised in England till above f'>ity thou.sand
had been put to the sword. — Tytleii's Hist.,
Book 6, ch. 19.
368. ASSASSINATION, Justified. Philip of
Greece. While engaged in celebrating a mag-
nificent festival on the marriage of his daughter
Cleopatra with the King of Epirus, and walking
in solemn procession to the temple, he was .struck
to the lieart with a dagger by Pau.sanias, a
noble youth who had been bruti.lly injured by
Attains, the brother-in-law of Philip, and to
whom tliat prince had refused to do justice.
Philip had in the latter period of his reign de-
graded himself by some strong acts of tyranny,
the fruit of an uncontrolled indulgence of vi-
cious appetites. — Tytleu'b Hist., Book 3, ch. 4.
369. ASSASSINATION, Patriotic. Ccfsnr. Bru-
tus had been proclaimed Prtetor of the city,
with the promi.se of the Consulship. But the
discontented remnants of the Senatorial party
assjiiled liim with constant reproaches. The
ASSASSINATION—ASSASSINS.
4;»
mime of Unitiis, dear to till Roman patriots,
wits miidc a rt'l)ukt' to liiin. " His uiiccstor ex-
pullcHl the Tantuiiis ; could lie sit <|uiL'tly under
a kinf,''H rule ?" At the f(Mjt of tli(! statue of
that ancestor, or on his own prietorian tribunal,
notes were [daced containin;; |)hrases Hueh as
tiiese : "Thou art not Unitus ; would thou
wert." " Hrutus, thou sleepest." " Awake, Bru-
tus." Gradually he was hroujfht to think that
it was his duty as a patriot to ])ut an end to
Cie.sar's rule, even by takinj^ his life. — Liu-
DKIiLS Ho.MK, p. 700.
370. ASSASSINATION, Peril of. Cromwell.
" Yet ix tlu'ir Ktiriij/th Itthor ((ml Kocroin ;" \\\\n.
after all, nnisl be said even of this f^reat and
most successful man. Our conception of him
is such that we can well believe he longed to be
at rest. It was an amazing work, that in which
he wiLS the actor ; but with what toil and endu-
rance and sleejiless energy had he to travail day
and night 1 The honor of knighthood and £500
a year forever was offered by a i>r()clamation,
by Charles Stuart, from his vile and filthy
court in Paris, to any one who would take the
life of the Protector ; and there were many in
England who hniged to set! the mighty monarch
dethroned. In his palace chaml)ers lived his
noble mother, nearly ninety, now trembling at
every sound, lest it be some ill to her noble and
royal son. — Hoou's ("uomwk.ll, ch. 17.
371. ASSASSINATION, Bemarkable. C(rmr.
Antimy, who was in attendance, was detained,
as had been arranged, by Trel)onius. Ciesar en-
tered, and took his seat. His presence awed
men, in spite of themselves, and the conspira-
tors liad determined to act i.l once, lest they
should lose courage to act at all. He was famil-
iar and easy of access. They gathered round
liim. lie knew them all. There was not one
from whom he had not a right to expect .some
sort of gratitude, and tiie movenimt suggested
no suspicion. One had a .story to all him; an-
other .some favor to ask. Tullius Ciml)er,
whom he had just made g«)vernor of Bithynia,
then came cilose to him, with some req\ieat which
he was unwilling to grant. Cimber caught his
gown, as if in entreaty, and dragged it from his
shoulders. Cassius, who was standing Iwhind,
stabbed him in the throat. He started up with
a cry, and caught Cassius's arm. Another pon-
iard entered his brea.st, giving a mortal wound.
He looked round, and seeing not one friendly
face, but only a ring of daggers pointing at liim,
he drew his gown over liis head, gathered the
folds about lum that he might fall decently, and
sank down without uttering another word. —
Froude'8 C/Esau, ch. 26.
373. ASSASSINS, Hatred of. Omr'n. An-
tony, as Consul, rose to jjronounce the fu-
neral oration. He run through the chief acts
of CfEsar's life, recited his will, and then spoke
of the death which had rewarded him. To
make this more vividly present to the excit-
able Italians, he displayed a waxen image mark-
ed with the three-and-twenty wounds, and pro-
duced the very robe which he had worn all
rent and blood-stained. Soul-stirring dirges
added to the solemn horror of the scene. . . .
That impression was instantaneous. The Sena-
tor friends of the Liberators who had attend-
ed the ceremonv looked on in moodv silence.
Soon the menacing gestures of the crowd make
them look to their safety. They fled ; and the
multitude insisted on burning tJie l)ody, as they
had burnt the body of Cloilius. in the sacn-d
l)recin(ls of the Forum. Some of the veterans
who atti'uded the funeral .set tire to the bier ;
benches and firewood heaped round it soon made
a sufHcieiit i)ile. From the bla/.ing pyre the
crowd rushed, eager for vengeance, to tlu;
houses of the conspirators. But all had fled
iK'tii'i. -I. One poor wret<h fell a victim to the
f.UT of the mob — Ilelvius Cinna, a poet who
ha(l devoted his art to the .service of the Dic-
tator. He was mistaken for L. (Cornelius Cinna
the Pni'tor, and torn to i)ieces before the mis-
take could be explained. — Lijjukll's IIomk,
p. 707.
373. ASSASSINS, Infamoui. nmlh's Con»pir-
nrj). Three days after the (v/actiation of llich-
mond by Lee's army the President visited that
city, cr)nferred with the authorities, and then re-
turned to Washington. On th(i eveiung of th«
14th of April he attended Ford's Theatre with
his wife and a jxirty of friends. As the plaj
drew near its close a disreputable actor, named
John Wilkes Booth, stole unnoticed into the
President's box, levelled a ])istol at his head, and
shot him through the brain. I\Ir. Lincoln fell
forward in his seat, was borne from the building,
lingered in an unconscious .state imtil the fol-
lowing morning, and died. It was the greatest
tragedy of modern times — the most wicked, atro-
cious, and diabolical murder known in American
history. ... At the same hour another murder-
er, named Lewis Payne Powell, burst into the
bed-chamber of Secretary Seward, sprang upon
the c(«ich of the sick man, stabbed him nigh
unto death, and made his escape into the night.
. . . On the 26th of April Booth was found . . .
refusing to surrender, he was .shot. . . . Powell
was caught, convicted, and hanged. His fellow-
conspirators, David E. Herrold and George A.
Atzerott, together witli Mrs. jMary E. Surratt, at
whose house the plot was formed, were also con-
demned and executed. Michael O'Laughlin, Dr.
Samuel A. Mudd, and Sanniel Arnold were sen-
tenced to imprisonment for life, and Edward
Spangler for a term of six years. — Ridpath's
U. S., ch. 66.
374. ASSASSINS, Religions. Persia. The ex-
tirpation of the Ami-mtiim or Ismaelians of Per-
sia may be considered as a service to mankind.
Among the hills to the south of the Caspian
these odious sectaries liud reigned with impunity
above a hundred and sixty years. . . . With
the fanaticism of the Koran, the Isnnielians had
blended the Indian transmigration and the vis-
ions of their own prophets ; and it was their fir.st
duty to devote Uunr .souls and bodies in blind
obedience to the vicar of God. The daggers of
his missionaries were felt both in the East and
West ; the Christians and the ]\Ioslems enumer-
ate and persons multiply the illustrious victims
tliat were sacrificed to the zeal, avarice, or re-
sentment of the old man (as he was corruptly
styled) of the mountain. But these daggers, his
only arms, were broken by the sword of Ilola-
gou, and not a vestige is left of the enemies of
mankind, except the word assassin, which, in
the most odious .sense, has been adopted in the
lan'ruatres of Europe. — Gikhon's Rome, ch. 64.
40
as8Emblip:s— AssuMrrioN.
37ft. ASSEMBLIES interdicted, Beligioni.
Eii;/land. [During? tlic rci^'ii of iMinrk's 11., in
16tt4, Paiilainent enuctedj tlmt if live or more
persona besides tlie liotiHehold were present at
any iuwenil>ly, under color or pretence of any ex-
ercise of relijrion, in oMier manner than is allow-
ed l)v the |jltur;;y or practice of the Church of
KiiKliind, every person so present should be lia-
l)le to certain lines, imprisonment, or transporta-
tion. [Som(! dared not jiray in their families
wh(!n .several visitors were present, ui even ask
/jrace at the talilc.l — Ivnkuit'h i'j.No., vol. 4, cli.
m, p. 207.
376. ASSESSMENTS, Political, liom. Kmp.
MitM'iiliiiK. 'YXw wealth of Home sui)|)lieil an in-
exhaustibU' fund for his vain and prodii,nd exix-n-
ses, andtlKMninisters of his revenue were skilled
in Ihe arts of rapine. It was luider his reij^ii
that th(! method of exacting ti fr<r r/iff from the
senators was first inventtul ; and as tiie sum was
insensibly increased, tlu; pretences of levying it
— a victory, a birth, a marriage, or an imperial
consulshi]) — were proijortionaiily multiplied. —
GinnoN's Komi;, ch. 14.
377. ASSISTANCE, Energetic. P,N»p,'!/. Bib-
iilus ojiposed (Jie.sar, and Cato pr.!i)ared to su])-
port Bibulus in tlm mo.st strenuous manner ;
when CiL'.sar placed Pompey by him upon the tri-
l)unal, and asked him, before the whoh; assem-
bly, " Whether be a])proved his laws ?" and
ni)on his answering in tlu, aliirmative, he put this
further que.sti(m : " Then, if any one shall with
violence op])o.se tbe.stilaws, will you come to the
as-sistance of the people ?" Pompey answered,
"I will certainly come ; and against those that
threaten to take the sword, I will bring botli
sword and buckler." — Plutarch.
378. ASSOCIATES, Dangerous. Jolin How-
ord'a Son. The immediate cau.se of the ruin of
young Howard Avas the servant who accomjia-
hied bis father on his philanthropic journeys.
This servant, by bis a.ssiduous attention to his
master, had won his complete confidence, and he
was the constant playmnte of his .son during his
vacations. The two young fellows were etpially
averse to Howard's precise and rigid ways, anil
combined their ingenuity in evading the rules
of his house. The servant early initiated the
lad into the low vices of London, and accom-
panied him on many a midnight prowl. The
youth took to vicious pleasures with fatal readi-
ness, and he was ruined past remedy before his
father suspected that he had gone astray. Dis-
eases contracted in the lowest dens of infamy
were treated with remeciies so powerful as to im-
pair his constitution and plant within him the
seeds of insanity. His college career was one of
wild riot and debaucherv. [He died while
young.] — Cyclopedia of liioo., p. 71.
379. ASSOCIATES, Impure. Sir I. Newton.
His mo.st intimate friend at the university was a
foreign chemist of much note and skill, i^ewton
enjoyed his conversation exceedingly, until one
day the Itixlian told him a " loose .story of a nun,"
which so much offended his sense of decency that
he would never associate with him again.— Par-
ton's Newton, p. 89.
3SO. ASSOCIATES, Influence of. Peter tU
Great. An acquaintance with a yoimg foreigner I
of the name of Le Fort, by birt i a Swiss and a t
man of penetrating genius, infused those first
irleasof improvement into Ihe mind of the czar,
and gave birth to a variety of designs for the cul-
tivation and refinement of his people. The first
objects of his attention were the army and the nm-
rine.— TvTLKRs Hist., Book (1, ch. H.5.
3)«JI. ASSOCIATION, Guild of. KiKjhtud. 1214-
12H(. The merchant-guild was the outcome of a
tendency to closer association, which found sup-
])ort in those ])rin(iplesof i-mtualaidand mutual
restraint that lay at lliebaseof ourold in.slitutions.
(luildsor clubs" for religious, charilable, or .social
l)urpose were conunon throughout the coimtry,
and especially conunon in boroughs, where men
clustered more thickly together. Each formed
a sort of artificial family. An oath of nuitual
fidelityamong its members was substituted forthe
tie ofblood, while the guild feast, held once a
month in the common hall, replaced the gather-
ing of the kinsfolk round their family hearth.
But within this new family the aim of the guild
was to establish a nuitual res])onsibility as close
as that of the old. " Let all share the .same lot,"
ran its law ; "if any misdo, lei all bear it." A
member could look for aid from his guild-broth-
ers in atoning for guilt incurred by nushap.
lie could call on them for assistance in case of vio-
l(!iic(( or wrong. If falsely accused, they appear-
ed in coiu't as his compurgators; if poor, they
supported, and when dead, they bin-ied him. On
the other hand, he was responsible to them, as
they wereto theState, fororder and obedi<'nce to
the laws. A wrong of brother against brother was
also a wrong against the general body of the
guild, and was ]>unished by fine or in the last
resort by an ex|)ulsion, which left the offendi r
a "lawless" man and an outcast. — Hist. Eno.
People, J; 10!>.
38a. ASSOCIATION, Beneficial. Mdrrn.t Aiir-
relius. "The wisest of the jiagans. " He was
not born heir to the imperial throne, but was the
.son of jtrivale per.sons of patrician rank, who
were related to the Emperor AdriaiL His father
dying when he was only a child, he was adopted
by his grandfather, and this brought him into
nearer intimacy with the emperor, who became
warmly attached to him, greatly admiring his
good-nature, his docility, and his artless candor.
His early education appears to have been conduct-
ed with equal care and wisdom. " To the gods,"
he siiys, "I am indebted for having had good
grandfathers, good parents, a good sister, good
teachers, good associates, good kinsmen and
friend.s — nearly everything good." — Cyclope-
dia OF Bioci. , p. 541.
383, ASSOCIATIONS, Protective. Anf/h-Sax-
nns. Many of the inferior rank of citizens en-
tered into associiitions, and .subscribed a bond,
obliging themselves to be faithful to each other
in all ca.ses of danger to any one of the confed-
erates ; to i^rotect his person, to revenge his
wrongs, to p.ay the fines which he might incur
through accident, and to contribute to his funer-
al charges. This la.st practice, as well as the
connection of client and patron, are strong proof
of the imperfection of laws, and of a weak ad-
ministration. Only to remedy .such evils would
men have recurred to these connections and as-
sociations. — Tvtler's Hist., Book 6, ch. 6.
384. ASSUMPTION, Boastful. Disahul the
Turk. If I condescend to march against those
AHTHOLOGY— AUDACITY
47
contemptible sliivcs [tlie Romnns], tliey will
tremble at tlio Hound of ovir whips ; they will be
trampled, like a nest of ants, under the feet of
my innumerable cavalry. . . . From the rising to
the setting sun, the earth is my inheritance. . . .
The pride of the great khan survived his resent-
ment ; and when he announced an im|)ortant
CfJiKpieat to Ills friend the Emperor Maurice, he
styled himself tiie master of the .seven races, and
tlie lord of the .seven climates of the world. —
Guhion'h Uo.mk, ch. 43.
3§5. A8TE0L0QY, Eegard for. OinniK. The
vices which degrade the moral chiiracter of
the Romans are mi.xcd with a puerile super-
stition that di.sLjraccs their understaiidinu:. They
listen with confidence to the predictions of ha-
rusj)ices, who pretend to read, in the entrails of
victims, th(! signs of future greatness and pros-
perity ; and there are many who lionot presume
either to bathe, or to dine, or to appear in i)ub-
lic, till they liave diligently consulted, according
to the rules of a.strology, the situation of Jler-
cury and the aspect of the moon. — Giuuon's
Ro.MK, ch. 31.
3§6. ASTRONOMY, Anticipations in. ii.c. 640.
Thales made .some bold and fortunate conjec-
tures in the science of a.stronomy. He conjec-
tured the earth to be a sphere, and that it re-
volved round the sun. lie believed the ti.xed
stars to be so many .suns encircled with other
planets like our earth ; he believed the moon's
light to be a reflection of the sun's from a .solid
surface ; and if we may tru.st the testimony of
ancient authors, he was able to calculate eclipses,
and actually predicted that famous eclipse of
the sun six hundred and one years before the
birth of Christ, which separated the armies of
the Medes and Lydians at the moment of an en-
gagement. — Tytler's Hist., Book 2, ch. 9.
3§7, ASYLUM of Refuge, Borne. As soon
as the foundation of the city was laid, they
opened a place of refuge for fugitives, which
they called the Temple of the Asyhean god.
Here they received all that came, and would neith-
er deliver up the slave to his master, the debtor to
his creditor, nor the murderer to the magistrate,
declaring tliat they were directed by the oracle
of Apollo to preserve the a.syhuii from all viola-
tion. Thus the city was soon peopled. — Pi.c-
TAHCII.
3§§. ATHLETE, Remarkable. Thracian. The
Emperor Severus . . . halted in Thrace to cele-
brate, with military games, the birthday of his
younger son, Geta. The country flocked in
crowds to behold their sovereign, and a young
barbarian of gigantic stature earnestly soliciteil,
in his rude dialect, that he might be allowed to
contend for the prize of wrestling. . . . He was
matched with the .sto\ite.st followers of the camp,
sixteen of whom he succes.sively laid on the
ground. His victory was rewarded by .some
trifling gifts, and a permission to enlist in the
troops. ... As soon as he perceived that he had at-
tracted the emperor's notice, he instantly ran up
to his horse, and followed him on foot, without
the least appearance of fatigue, in a long and
rapid career. "Thracian," said Severus, with
astonishment, "art thou disposed to wrestle af-
ter thy race?" "Most willingly, sir," replied
the unwearied youth ; and, almost in a breath.
overtlircw .seven of the strongest soldiers in the
army. A gold collar was the prize of his match-
less vigor and activity, and he was inunediatcly
ai)jx)inteil to serve in the horse-guards who
always attended on the person of the sovereign.
— Gihiion-'h Ro.MK, ch. 7.
3S1). ATHLETE, Royal. HcHri) IT. of France.
Henry II. ascended the throne in Hit twenty-
ninth year of his age . . . his sole accomplishment
(!oiisisted in a remarkable expcrtness in iHulily
exercises. — Stcuicnts' Fiunck, ch. 1."), ^ 1.
390. ATTACK, Inconsiderate. CniKinUrK. God-
frej' of Houilloii erected his standard on the first
swell of Mount Calvary ; to the left, as far as
St. Stephen's gate, the line of attack was contin-
ued by Tancrcd and the two Roberts ; and
Count Raymond establislK'd Ills ((uartiTs from
the citadel to the foot of Mount Sion, wliicli was
no longer included within the precincts of the
city. On the fifth day \\w Cru.sudcrs maile a
general assault, in the fanatic hope of battering
(lown the walls withcnit engines, and of scaling
them without ladders. IJy the dint of brutal
force they burst the first l)arrier; but tlicy were
driven hack with shame and slaughter to the
camp. — Gihuon's Ro.mk, ch. Sy.
391. ATTACK, Unexpected. From ahore. [At
the battle of llastingsj the Norman allies with
their bows shot (piickly upon the English ; but
they covered tnemselves with their shields. . . .
Then the Normans deteruiined to shoot their
arrows upward into the air, so that they might
fall on their enemies' heads, and .strike their
faces. The archers adopted this scheme . . . and
the arrows, in falling, struck their heads and
faces, and put out the eyes of many ; and all
feared to open their e3'.s, or leave their faces un-
guarded. The arrows now flew thicker than rain.
. . . Then it was that an arrow, that had thus shot
upward, .struck Harold above his right eye, and
put it out. In his agony he drew the arrow and
threw it away, breaking it with his hands ; and
the pain to his head was .so great that he leaned
upon his shield. — Dkcihive B.vtti.ks, § 380.
39a. AUDACITY, Brazen. Catiline. We are
astonished when we read that animated oration
of Cicero [denouncing the conspiracy of Cati-
line], the fir.st against Catiline ; and know that the
traitor hail the audacity to sit in the Senate-house
while it was delivered, and while every man of
worth or regard for character dest^rted the bench
on which he sat, and left him a sjiectacle to the
whole as.senibly. — Tytleu'b Hist., Book 4,
ch. 1.
393. AUDACITY, Deceived by. Napoleon T.
A.D. l~9t). [In the Italian campaign Napoleon
suddenly found himself and one thousand .sol-
diers in the presence of a detached boily of four
thou.sand Austrians. A blindfolded flag of truce
demanded immediate surrender. Napoleon
motmted his staff. The bandage was removed. ]
"What means this insult?" exclaimed Napo-
leon, in tones of affected indignation. " Have
you the insolence to bring a summons of sur-
render to the French commander-in-chief, in the
middle of hia Army ! Say to those who sent you
that in less than five minutes they lay down
their arms, or every man shall be put to death."
The bewildered officer stammered out an apol-
ogy. " Go !" said Napoleon, sternly. . . . The
^^
48
AUDACITY-AUSTEHITV,
Austriiins threw down tlu'ir nrms . . . missed
nmkinj? [NiipoleonJ prisoner. — Auhott'b Napo-
leon I., vol. 1, eh. 0.
304. AUDACITY of DMperation. Flnruhi Tiul-
inrut. [Jiu'kson's iidniinislration i)r()p<)s<Ml to
remove tliein from tlieir Floriik lionics to ii rcs-
erviition beyond i\w Missis.sippi. ] OhccoIh, with ii
hand of wiirrior.s, prowlinj; around Fort Kinir,
on tlic 0(tkhiwaha, Hurrounded a storehouse!
where General Thom|)son was dininj? with a
company of friends. The savages pounnl in a
murderous fire, and then rushed forward and
Bealped the dead before the >,'arri,son of the fort,
only two hundred and fifty yards away, co\dd
brinp assistance. Thompson's body was jjierced
by iVfteen bails, and four of his nine eomimn-
ions were killed. — HiorATii's U. S., eh. 58.
395. AUGUEY, Book of. Vhinm',. The oldest
and most respectable in point of authority is the
book or table of Yking. This Yking, which
has been held as a mysterious reeeplaele of the
most profound knowled|;o, and is on thata<;eount
allowed in China to be consulted only by tlie
sect of the learned, is now known to be nothinjjj
else than a superstitious and childish device for
fortune-tellinjij or divination. It is a table on
■which there are sixty-four murks or lines, one
half short, and the other half lonf>;, placed at reg-
ular intervals. The person who consults the
Yking for divining some future event takes a
number of small i)ieees of rod, and, tlirovving
them down at random, observes carefully how
their accidental iK)sition corresponds to the
marKs on the tal)le, from which, according to
certain established rules, he predicts cither good
or bad fortune. These rules, it is said, were
laid down by the great Confucius, the chief of
the Cliinese philosophers — a circumstance which
does not tend to increa.se his reputation. The
Jesuit missionaries, who could not root out these
prejudices, thought it their best policy to turn
them to advantage ; and in endeavoring to
propagate the doctrines of Christianity, they
pretended that Confucius had actually predicted
the coming of the Messiah by this table of the
Yking. — Tytlek'8 Hist., Book 6, ch. 24.
396. AUGUEY, Building by. City of Rome.
While [Romulus and Remus] were intent upon
building, a dispute soon arose about the place.
Romulus having built a sijuare, which he called
Rome, would luive the city there ; but Remus
marked out a more .secure situation on Mount
Aventine, which, from him, was called Remo-
nium. . . . The dispute was referred to the deci-
sion of augury ; and for this purpose they sat down
in ,'he open air, when Remus, as they tell us,
£WW six vultures, and Romulus twice as many.
. . . Hence the Romans, in their divination by
the flight of birds, chiefly regard the vulture ;
though Herodotus of Pontus relates, that Her-
cules used to rejoice when a vulture appeared
to him when he was going upon any great action.
This was, probably, because it is a creature the
least mischievous of any, pernicious neither to
com, plants, nor cattle. It only feeds upon dead
carcasses ; but neither kills nor preys upon any-
thing that has life. As for birds, it does not
touch them, even when dead, becau.se they are
of its own nature ; while eagles, owls, and hawks
tear and kill their own kind. — Pm'takcii's
Lives.
39T. AU81EEITY, Example of. Yoiniger C'ato.
Cato saw that a great reformation was want-
ing in the manners and customs of his coun-
try, and for that reason \w determined to gr.
cdnlrarv to the corrui»t fashions which then
olilaincil. He ()i)served (hat the richest and
most lively puri)le was the thing most worn,
and thcretore he went in black. Nay, he often
appeared in i)ublic after dinner barefooted and
without his gown. Not that he affected to bo
talked of for that singularity ; but he did it by
way of learning to be ashamed of nothing but
what was really shamefid, and not to regard
what depended only on the estimation of the
world. — I'l.UTAiKir.
SOS. AUBTEEITY, Monkish. Tn Kf/i/pt. Every
seiLsation that is offensive U> man was thought
accei)table to God ; and the angelic rule of Ta-
benne condemned the salutary eu.stom of bath-
ing the limbs in water and of anointing them
with oil. The austere; monks slept on the ground,
on a hard mat or a rough blanket ; and the
.same bundle of jialm-leaves served them as a
.seat in the day and a pillow in the night. Their
original cells were low, narrow huts, built of the
slightest materials, [a.d. 370.]— Giiujon's Rome,
ch. 37, p. 531.
399. AUBTEEITY vs. Profligacy. Stnartg
Restored. Many, too, who had been di.sgusted
by the austerity and hypocri.sy of the Pharisees
of the Conunonwealti'i, began to be still more
disgusted by the o|)en profligacy of the court
and of the Cavaliers, and were disposed to
doubt whether the .sullen preciseness of Praise
God Bareboncs might not be preferable to the
outrageous profanencss and licentiousness of
the Buckinghams and Sedleys. Even immoral
men, who were not utterly destitute of sense and
public spirit, complained that the government
treated the most serious matters as trifles, and
made trifles its serious business. — Macaulay's
Eng., ch. 2.
400. AUBTEEITY, Eeligions. Rev. John Hem-
ton. [William Cowper advised with him.] New-
ton would not Iiave sanctioned any poetry
which had not a distinctly religious object, and
lie received an assurance from the poet that the
lively passiiges were introduced only as honey on
the rim of the medicinal cup, to commend its
healing contents to the lips of a giddy world.
The Rev. John Newton must have been exceed-
ingly austere if he thought that the quantity of
honey used was excessive. — Smitu's Cowpek.
ch. 4.
401. . Prise ilUnnintg. [Reign of
Theodosius the Great.] If the Priscillianists
violated the laws of nature, it was not by the
licentiousness, but by the austerity, of their lives.
They absolutely condemned the use of the mar-
riage-bee' ; and the peace of families was often
disturbed by indiscreet sejiarations. They en-
joyed, or recommended, a total abstinence from
all animal food ; and their continual prayers,
fasts, and vigils inculcated a rule of strict and
perfect devotion. The speculative tenets of
the sect concerning the person of Christ and
the nature of the human soul were derived from
the Gnostic and Manichsean system. . . . The ob-
sctire disciples of Prisf;illian suffered, languished,
and gmdually disappeared ; his tenets were re-
AUSTKHITY— .VrTIIOUITV
40
joct
I ])y t
)MK, (;h. 27.
lOSI.
(•Icrjjjy untl people. — Oiuhon'b
M»uk». A.n. 870. Tlu«y
wriippcd their IicikIh in ii cowl, to csciipo IIk-
sijfiit of ])i()fim(' olijecis ; llicir Icj^h and feet
were iml<(!(l, excerpt in tlu! cxticnH) cold of
Avintcr ; and tlu'ir slow and fcclilc; steps were
Hupported hy ii lonjj: stiilf. Tlic nHpcct of a
^renuino anchoret was horrid and di.s^justinff ;
every Hensulion that is offensive to man was
tlionpht acceptahle lo God ; and thean^c^lic nil<^
of, Tal)ennc condemned the sal\itary custom of
hathing the limbs in water. . . . Theyslept on the
^'round, on ii hard mat or a rou^jh blanket. . . .
Their orij^inid r:ells were low, narrow huts. . . .
I'leiusure and guilt were synonymous terms. —
Oiuhon'b IIomk, ch. 87.
403. AUTHOB, Humiliated. Fmlmek the
Great. lie had sent ft large quantity of verses to
Voltaire, and requested that they might be re-
turned with remarks and correction. " See," ex-
claimed Voltaire, "what a quantity of his dirty
linen tlie king has sent me to wash !" Talebearers
were not wanting to carry the sarcasm to tlie
royal ear, and Frederick was much incensed. —
MaCAULAY'S FllEDIilllCK THE GllEAT, p. 6.
404. AUTHOB, Bapid. Fiimvel Juhnson. The
rapidity with which this work was composed
is a wonderful circumstimce. Johnson has
been heard to say: "I wrote forty-eight of the
printed octavo pages of the Life of Savage at a
sitting ; but then 1 sat up all night." — Boswell'h
Johnson, p. 41.
405. AUTHOB, The unnoticed. Samuel John-
ton. He said he expected to be attacked on ac-
count of his "Lives of the Poets." " However,"
said he, " I would rather be attacked than unno-
ticed. For the worst tiling you can do to an au-
thor is to be silent as to his works. An assault
upon a town is a bad ihing, but starving it is
still worse ; an assault may l« unsuccessful — you
may have more men killed than you kill — but if
you sUirve the town, you are sure of victory." —
Boswell's Johnson, p. 407.
406. AUTHOBITY, Alxwlute. MiUtnry. Ex-
perience has fully proved that in war every
operation, from the greatest to the smallest,
ought to he under the absolute direction of one
mind, and that every subordinate agent, in his
degree, ought to ol)ey implicitly, strenuously,
and with the show of ch*;erfulness, orders which
he disapproves, or of which the reasons are kept
secret from him. Representative assemblies,
public discu.ssions, and all the other checks by
which, in civil affairs, rulers are restrained from
abusing power, are out of place in a camp.
.Machiavel justly imputed many of the disasters
of Venice and Florence to the jealousy which led
those republics to interfere with every act of
their generals. T'le Dutch practice of sending
to an army deputies, without whose consent no
great blow could be struck, was almost equally
pernicious. — Macaulay's Eno., ch. 5.
407. . Early Homana. The chil-
dren imbibed from their infancy the liighest
veneration for their parents, who, from the ex-
tent of the paternal power among the Romans,
had an unlimited authority over their wives,
their offspring, and their slave.". It is far from
natural to the human mind tlip.t the possession of
power and authority should form a tyrannical dis-
position. Where that authority, indeed, has been
usurped by violence, its jKyssessor may, perhaps,
1)(^ temi)ted to maintain it by tyranny ; but
where it is either a right di(^tat(!d by nature, or
the easy effect of circumstances and situation,
the very consciousness of authority is apt to in-
s])ire a iM'nciflcence and humanity in the manner
of exercising it. Thus wo tind \\w ancient
Romans, although absolute sovereigns in their
families, with the jiiH riltp ft lurin, the right of
life and death over tlu-ir children and th(;{r
slaves, were yet ex(x'llent husbands, kind and
affectionate! parents, humane and indulgent
masters. Nor was it until luxury had corrupted
the virtuous simplicity of the ancic'iit manners,
that this i)aternal authority, degenerating inU*
tyrannical abus<'s, reciuired to be abridged in its
power and restrained in its exercise by the «;ii-
actment of laws. liy an apparent coatradiction,
so long as the i)aternal authority was absolute,
the slaves and children were happy ; w hen it
became weakened and abridged, then it was
that its terrors were, from the ex<'<!ssive (rorru))-
tion of manners, most severely felt. — Tvtlku'h
Hist., Book 4, ch. 13.
40i. . Turks. It is a part of the
policy of tlie empire that a certain numlwr of
young men should be educated in the seraglio, 0(it
of whom the sultan chooses his principal otHcers.
But what is a very extraordinary piece of policy,
if we may believe Rycaut, it is necessary that
these youths should be of ('hristian parents. . . .
He .says that theChri.stian slaves, strangers in tlie
empire, will necessarily have fewer connections
or dependents on their interest, and be the better
disposed to an absolute submission to the will of
their master. One thing is certtun, it is a funda-
mental maxim of the Turkish polity, that the
servants of the prince should be such as he can
entirely command, and can at any time destroy
without danger to himself. — Tytler's Hist.,
Book 5, ch. 13.
400. AUTHOBITT acknowledged. Franhi in,
Gaul. The king hud no more than a single
suffrage, equally with the meanest soldier ; and
it was only when actually in the field, or when
it was neces-sary to enforce military discipline,
that he ventured to exercise anything like author-
ity. This is strongly exemplified in a story which
is" recorded of Clovis I. After the battle of Sois-
sons, a large vessel of silver was part of the
booty ; Clovis, being informed that it had been
carried off from the church of Ilheims, asked per-
mission of the army to take it, tliat he might re-
store it to tlie church. A .soldier, standing by,
struck the vessel with his battle-axe, and with
great rudeness desired the king to rest satisfied
with the share that should fall to his lot. Clovis
durst not, at the time, resent this insolence, for
all were then upon an equal footing ; but he
knew the privilege which he had when military
discipline was to be enforced, and took advantage
of it ; for some time afterward observing the
same soldier to be negligent in the care of his
arms, he called him out of his rank, and charging
him with his offence, cut him down with hii
battle-axe. There was not a murmur heard, for
Clovis had not exceeded the limitii of his author-
ity.-— Tytleu's Hist., Book 6, ch. 2.
4IO. AUTHOBITY assumed. Cromwell. [His
dissolution of Parliament.] The President, wor-
J
60
AUTHORITY,
Ihv of his offlft' l)y liis (•()\iriiK(', foninmndpd him
[( roiiiwcll] to 1h! Hilciit. VVcntworlli, one of llic
iiioMi illiiHtrioiiH iiiid infliiciitiiil of tlic cxtrcnK!
jMirt'y' liy lii.s pcrsoiml clmrHcUT, (Iciimndcd timt
lie sliould ho called to order. " This lanj,Mia),'e,"
Miid he, "is as extraordinary as eriiniiiat in the
mouth of II [(/'romwell] man who yesterday po.',-
Hessed onrenlire eoiiHdenee, whom we have lion-
ored with the hi^diest funetionsof the republic ! of
u man who—" Cromwell would not sulier him to
conclude. "Oo to ! >?o to !" exclaimed he in a
voice of tliunder ; " we have had cnou^di of words
like thes(>. It is time to put an end to all this, and
to silence thes*- Imldilers !" Then, advancing? to
the middle of the '.mil, and placing' his hat on his
head will> a jresture of defiance, he stamped upon
the floor, and ried aloud, " You arc no longer ii
Parliament ! You shall not sit here a single liour
longer ! Make nxmi for U'tter men than your-
Hclves !" At tiles*' words llarri.son, iiiHlructed
liy a glance from the general, disappeared, and
returned in n moment after at the head of thirty
HoUliers, veterans of the long civil wars, who sur-
rounded Cromwell with their naked weuiiona.
These men, hired by the Parliament, hesitated
not at the command of their leader to turn their
arms agaiiLst tlio.se who had placed them in their
liands, and furnished another example, following
the llubieon of Ciesar, to prove the inconipatibil-
itv of freedom with sUmding armies. " Misera-
ble wretches I" resumed Cromwell, as if violence
■without in,sult wa.s in8ufll(;ient for his anger,
"you call yourselves a Parliament ! Y'ou ! — no,
you are nothing but a ma.ssof tipi)lers and UImt-
tines ! Thou,' he continued, iiointing with his
finger to the most notorious jirofligates in the as-
sembly, as they pa,ssed him in their endeavors to
escape from the liall, "thou art a drunkard I
Thou art an adulterer 1 And thou art a hireling,
paid for thy speeches ! Y'ou are all scandalous
sinners, who bring shame on the gospel 1 And
you fancied yourselves a fitting Parliament for
God's people I No, no, liegone ! let me hear no
more of you I The Lord rejects you 1" During
these apostroplies the members, forced by the
soldiers, were driven or dragged from the hall.
— Lamautinb's Ckomwei-i,, p. 61.
411. AUTHORITY, Dependence on. Unirise.
[John Howard's only son became a dissolute
man.] [See No. 378.] Howard was exceeding-
ly particular with regard to the diet of the boy,
and careful to inure him to hard.ship. This, too,
■was an excellent thing, but he did not carry it
out ■wisely. He purposely forbore all explana-
tion of his rules and denials. He never thought
it right to say to the child, " My son, these pears
will make you sick if you eat many of them,
or eat them at improper times." He merely
siild, "Jack, never touch a pear unless I give
it to you." If the boy yielded to the temptation
afforded by a garden full of fruit, he would place
him in a .seat and command liini not to htir or
speak until he sliouhl give him permission. Such
was his a.scendency over the child, 'hat once
■when he had given him such an ordei and had
forgotten all about it, lie found the child, four
hours after, in the precise spot where lie had
placed him, fast asleep. — CvcLorEuiA of Bioo.,
p. 69.
413. AUTH0BIT7 by Gentleness. Joan of
Arc. For this great force to act witli efttciency,
the one es.senlial and indispensable reouisite,
unity of action, was wanting. Had skill an(i
inlefligenccsulllced to impart it, the want would
liav(> been su|iplied by Diinois ; but there was
something more recpiircd — authority, and more
than royal authority, too. for the king's caplaina
were little in the habit of olK-ying lh(! king ; to
subject thest! savage, untamalile spirits, God's
authority was calhicl for. Now, the God of this
ag(! was the Virgin much mon; than Christ ; and
it iiehooved that the Virgin should des(;endupon
earth, be a jiopular Virgin, young, beauteous,
gentle, bold. ... It was at once a risible and a
touching sight to see the sudden conversion of
the old Armagnac brigands. They did not reform
by halves. IGenerall La Hire durst no longer
swear; and tlie Pucelle IJoanl took compassion
on the violence he did himself, and allowed liim
to swear" by his baton." The devils found them-
selves all of a sudden turned into little saints. —
Michklet'h Joan ok Auc, p. 13.
413. AUTHOBITT, Imprudence with. Charlet
I. The Commons found a considerable opposi-
tion to the extreme violence of tluar measures
from the House of Peens. . . . The Commons
framed an impeachment of the whole bench of
bishojis, as endeavoring to subvert the constitu-
tion of Parliament, and they were all committed
to custody. These measures had the effect for
which, it is presumable, they were intended.
The patience of Charles was entirely exhausted,
and lie was impelhid to a violent (\\ertion of au-
thority. The attorney-general, by the king's
command, impeached live members of the House
of Commons, among whom were John Hamp-
den, Pym, and Holies, tlie chiefs of the popular
party. A sergeant being sent, without effect, to
demand tliem of the Commons, the king, to the
surprise of everybody, went in person to the
House to seize them. 'They had notice of his in-
tention, and had withdrawn. The Commons
Justly proclaimed this attempt a breach of priv-
ilege. The streets re-echoed with the clamors of
the populace, and a general insurrection was
prognosticated. The king acknowledged his er-
ror by a humiliating message to the House ; but
the submission was as ineffectual as the violence
had been imprudent. — Tytleh's Hibt., Book 6,
ch. 29.
414. AUTHOBITT, Necessary. Military. [The
Scots invited the return of Charles IL, and
were defeated by the army of Cromwell.] It
certainly does ajjpear that David Leslie, the com-
mander of the Scots at Dunbar, found his bands
tied by a committee ; and any kind of battle any-
where may be lost, but , jirobably , no battle of any
kind was ever gained by a committee. The
English army reached Dunbar. . . . the 1st of
September, 1650. — Hood's Cuomwell, ch. 12.
415. AUTEOBITY, Personal. American Ind-
ians. The Indian chief has no crown. . . . The
bounds of his authority fioat with the current
opinion of the tribe ; he is not so niuch obeyed
:is followed with the alacrity of free volition ;
and therefore the extent of his power depends
on his personal cliaracter. — Banchoft's \j. S.,
vol. 3, ch. 22.
416. AUTHOBITY, Popular. Charles I. [Dur-
ing the agitation which resulted In the over-
throw of the king and the establishment of the
AUTIIOUITY— AUTOCUAT.
61
('onimonwciillhl flic irmolcnco of Kcvcnil nicm-
\K'.n of tli(^ lIoiiMc of ('oiniiioiiH, wliicli burst
fortli in t'vidciit violation of ]\\n (li^nlty and
royiil prcrojijutivi', Icl't liim no clioicf Ix'twccn
tlic Hlwuncfiil iilxindonincnt of IiIh titiuuM i<in>;or
nn rncrp'tic vindication of IdH ri^lilH. IIi; went
down liiinHclf to liu! Iloimc, localise tlie arrest o*"
tliosc nieinlicrs wlio were RniHy of liijfli treason,
und caliiMl niion tlu; prcHideiil to |)oint llieinoiit.
"Hire," replied lie, kneeling?, "in tiie place Mint
I occupy I liavo only oyc.n to see and a lonj^iu! to
speak according to llio will of thi^ house 1 serve.
I thereforo huinbly cravo your Majesty's pardon
for venturing to disobey you." (-'Iiarles, liuniil-
lated, retired willi his guards.— L.\.m.\utink'h
Ckumwkm,, p. 27.
4 IT. AUTHOBITT, Supreme. J»,in of Arc
The two authorities, the paternal and the celes-
tial, enioined her two opposite conunands. The
one onlered her to remain obscure, modest, and
laboring ; the other to set out and save the king-
dom. The angel bade her arm herself. Her
fatlier, rough and honest j)ea.sant as he was, swore
that, rather than his daughter should go away
with nu!n-at-arms, he would drown her with his
own hands. One or other, disobey she mu.st. Bi;-
yond a doubt this was the greatest battli! she was
called upon to tight ; those against the English
were play in comparison. — Miciielet's Joan ok
Au(", p. 6.
4 lit. AUTHORSHIP, Anxietiei of. Sionud
Johimm. My Iniok [the dictionary] is now
coming in litmiim omit. What will be its fate I
know not, nor think much, because thinking is
to no purpose. It must stand the censure of the
great vulgar and ttui small; of those that under-
stiind it, and that understand it not. But in all
this, I suffer not alone ; every writer has tlic
Bame difficulties, and, perhaps, every writer t^dks
of them more than he thinks. — Bobwell's JoiiN-
eoN, p. 75.
410. AUTHORSHIP imputed. PoHthumouit
Fragments of Margaret Nkhohon. Hogg found
him one day busily engaged in correcting proofs
of some original poems. Shelley a.sKed his
friend what he thought of them, and Hogg an-
swered that it miglit be possible by a little altera-
tion to turn them into capitid burlesques. This
idea took the young poet's fancy ; and the
friends between tliem soon effected a meUimor-
phosis in Shelley's serious verses, liy which they
became unmistakably ridiculous, ifiiving achiev-
ed their purpose, they now bethought them of
the proper means of publication. Upon whom
should the poems, a medley of tyrannicide and
revolutionary raving, be fathered ? Peg Nich-
olson, a mad washerwoman, had recently at-
tempted George the Third's life with a carving-
knife. No more fitting autlior couki be found.
They would ^ive their pamphlet to the world as
her work, edited by an adnuring nephew. The
printer appreciated tlie joke no less than tlie
authors of it. He provided splendid paper and
magnilicent type ; and before long the book of
nonsense was in the hands of Oxford readers.
It sold for the high price of half a crown a
copy ; and, what is hardly credible, the gowns
men received it as u genuine production. " It
■was indeed a kind of fashiyn to be seen reading
it in public, as a mark of nice discernment, of
a delicate and fastidious taste in poetry, and the
best criterion of a choice spirit."— Svmonds*
Siii<-.i,i.KV, ch. 3.
440. AUTHORSHIP, Originality in. Th<>ma»
Ji'ri'irMiin. From llie fulness of his own mind,
without consulting one single book, .letTerson
[thirty three years old) drafted the Declaration
[of American Itidependence|, submitted it sepa-
rately to Franklin and to .lolin Adams, accept-
ed from each of them one or two verbal, uniin-
porlant corrections . . . on the twenty-eighth
of .lune reported it to Congress. — M.vnciiokt'h
U. S., V( H, ch. 70.
4ill. AUTHORSHIP, Qualified. Tfw Stamp
Art. Who was the authorof the American stamp
tH.\ ? At a later day .Icnkinson |liist Secretary
of the Treasury) a.ssured the Hoiisirof (Jommon."*
that, " if the Stamp Act wasagood measure, th«
merit was not due to Grcnvillit ; if it was a bad
one, the ill jiolicy did not belong to him ;" but
he never confes.sed to tlie H(>us(' where tho
blame or the merit could rest mon; justly. In
his late old age he delighted to converst! freely
. . . save only on tiie one subject of (!•.<; con-
test with America. [George Greiivillel brought
this scheme into form. — B.vnciiokt's U. S., vol.
'}, ch. 8.
4'Jtl. AUTHORSHIP, Reward of. Jofni mi ton.
The agreeiiunt, .still preserved in the National
Museum, between tlie author, "John Milton,
gent, of the one parte, and Samuel Symons,
printer, of the other parte," isamcmg the curios-
iti(;s of our literary hi.story. The curiosity con-
sists not so much in the illustrious nanu; append-
ed (not in autograpli) to the deed, as in the con-
trast uetween the jircsent fame of the lH)ok and
the waste-paper price at which the ciopyright is
being valueci. The author received kit down ;
was to receive a second £5 when the first edition
sliould be sold ; a tliird £5 when the se(;ond ; a
fourth £5 when the third edition should bo
gone. Milton lived to receive the second £5,
and no more — £10, in all, for " Paradi.se Lo.st." I
cannot bring my.self to join in the lament^ition.s
of tlie biographers over this bargain. Surely, it
is better so ; better to know that the noblest
monument of English letters had no money
value, than to thinTc of it as having been paid
for at a pound tlie line. — Pattibon's Milton,
ch. 13.
4tl3. AUTOCRAT, Military. Pompey. When
Pompey commanded in the East, he rewarded
hif soldiers and allies, dethroned princes, divided
kingdoms, founded colonies, and distributed the
treasures of Mithridates. On his return to
Rome he obtained, by a. single act of the Senate
and people, the universal ratitication of all his
proceedings. Such was the power over the
.soldiers and over the enemies of Home, which
was either granted to or a.ssumed by the gener-
als of the republic. They were, at the .same
time, the governors, or rather monarchs, of the
conquered provinces, united the civil with the
military cliaracter, administered justice as well
as the linances, and exercised both the executive
and legislative power of the Slate. — Giubon's
Home, ch. 3.
424. AUTOCRAT, Royal. ITeni-y YIII. From
\TA^ to l.')33 no Parliament was summoned.
Henry [VIII.] and his great minister [Cardinal
WolseyJ governed the kingdom at their sole
will.— Kniout's Eno., vol. 2, ch. 17, p. 275.
62
AVAUICK.
495. AVABIOE Mqtdred. Stmmi Johnmm.
It wiiN oliMcrvid, tliitl iivuri('(' whs Inlurciil iti
HoiiK! (lisiioHitiniiH. .loiiNHoN : " No iiiiiii wim
liorii 11 iiiiMT, Ikthiim' no iiiiiii was horn lo )ios-
iM'sxion. Kvi TV nmn is Imiiii r(//(/V/(//t— (Icsiroiis
«»f p'tlin)( ; but nol (ininm — (IcMiious of kr(|i
Inji:" HoMWKi.i, : '• I liiivc licanl olil Mr. Slur-
itiiiii iimintain, with ninrli in^'iniiily, lliar a
I'onipli'lo miser is a lia|>|>v man — a miser wlio
f fives liimselt' wliolly lo ifie one |)assion of sav-
iik" .loiiNKo.N : '' Thai is living' in llie I'aei' of
all lh(! World, who have culleil an uvarieions
man a inimr, liecause he is miserahle. No, sir;
H man who liolh spends and saves money is the
liajipiest man. heea.ise he has hot h enjoy nienls."
— Moswki.i/h .Johnson, p. ;tl»0,
4441. AVARICE of the Clergy. /<'//'//>/ h (\n-
turi/. |a. I). IJ50-HH.-). The Clnire'li had i^lmt
the moullis of Ihe holdest eomplainaiits. | '{'he
uhheys mi|rht. more and mon; appropiiale the
r(!venues that ou;;hl. to he the reward of the
jmrish-priest ; the hisliop mlf.dit ne^dect his sa
(red functions, lo add lo his revenues the fees
of the ^reat otilees of Slate, and, lik(> (lardinal
Heaufort, |)ro<tirci laws to he made a^jainst com-
mercial fr(!ed()in, and then receive lar^esums for
license's to violate them, (ireat spiritual lords
nd^ht hand themselves with >^reat tt^mi)oral lords
to withdniw the funds of li(>s|)itals from their
proiJLT us((s, and leave the old, the lazar, the lu-
natic, and the pregnant woman, forwhosi; henellt
those hospitals witc, endowed, to perish at their
utmost need. — Knioiit'h Kno., vol. 2, ch. H,
p. 124.
4ar. AVABICE, Contempt for. ItiifinnK. [This
Roman |)refect was assassinated. | His avarice,
whi(!li seeins to have prevailed in his corrupt
ndnd over every other sentiment, attracted the
wealth of the La.st, by the various arts of par-
tial and general extortion, oppnvssive tJixes, scan-
dalou.s bril)ery, immoderate flues, unjust confis-
catioiiH, forced or fictitious testameiiLs, by which
the tyrant des|M)ile(l of their lawful inheritance
tlie children of strunj^ers or enenues ; and the
public sale of justice, as well as of favor,
which he instituted in the ])alac(^ of Constan-
tinople. . . . His mangled body was abandoned
to the brutal fury of the populace of either
Bex, who hastened in crowds, from every quarl(U'
of the city, to trample cm the remains of the
haughty minister, at who.se frown they had so
lately trembled. His right hand Avas cut off
and carried through tlm streets of C'on.stantino-
ple, in cruel nio(!kery, to ex'iort contributions for
the avaricious tyrant, whose head was p\iblicly
exposed, borne aloft on the point of a long
lance. — Giuhon's Uomk, ch. 21).
438. AVABICE, Corrupted by. TtinndiiH. AVhen
the passion of avarice had, as at this time, ])er-
vaded all the ranks of the State, it is not won-
derful that the public measures shoidd be in Ww
greatest degrtjc mean and disgraceful. The am-
bition of conquest was now little else than the
desire of rapine and plunder. If the allies of
the 8tat« were opident, the Romans considered
their wealth as a sufficient rea.son for dissolving
all treaties between them, and holding them as a
lawful object of conquest. Thus the kingdoms
«f Numidia, of Pergamus, of Cappadocia, of
Bithynia, separate sovereignties boimd to the
allegiance of the Romans by the most solemn
tn'atles, were invaded as if they had Ih^'h ancient
and natural enendes, and reduced to the condi-
tion of conr|uered provinces. The Senate madd
a kind of tralllc of thrones and governments,
selling them op<Mdy lo Ihe highesl bidder.
(I'limder was the m()tive for war, and jM-elexts
were inveiileil. | 'V\\^' liomans engaging along
with the A( arnaniaiiH against Ihe [X'ople of
.Klolia, had no other cxcuMe lo alli'ge for their
interference in this (piarrel, than that the .\(iir
naidans had performed a signal act of friendship
to their anceslois about a Ihou.sand yeai'>4 Ix-fon*
— wldch was, that they had joined Ihe other
(Jreciaii States /// miit/iii;/ Imo/m In l/ir mVyr of
Tioji ! — Tyti.ku'h Ilif'r , Hook 4, ch. (I.
4tlO. AVARICE, Criminal, l.oiiilnn. [In 1N!I7
tilt! maslei'-iailors were Ihe most notorious for
carele.ssn<'ss and avarici- of all London em-
ployers Some of Iheml would huddle sixty
or eighty wdrkmeii close together, nearly knee
to knee, in a room lil'ty feet by Iweniy feel
broad, lighted from nbove, where the femi)era-
turc! in summer was thirty degrees Idgher than
Ihe tem|M-ralure outside. Young men from Ihe
Cfamlry fainted w hen they were llrst contlned in
su<h a life-destroying prison; the maturer ones
sustained IlieiiLselves by gin till they peri.shed
of consuin|)lion, or tyi)hus, or delirium tremens.
. . . T\w overworked clans of milliners and
dressmakers employed in Ww. larger workshops
of London, ill-ventilated, and rendered doubly
injurious by the coi'' taut habit of night-work —
this class of young women was being constantly
renewed, more than one half dying of lung dis-
eases before they had attained the average age of
twenty-eight.— Knioiit'8 Enu., vol. 8, ch, 22,
p. «»2.
430. AVARICE, Deception of. Jlenri/ VI T.
In OcIoIkt, 14U1 [llenry V'lII.), proclaimed his
intention of punisliing the French king. . . .
F^mploying tlie pretence of war for extorting
money under the sy.stem of " Henevolences" . . .
ho obtained a large grant from his faithful
Lords and Commons, and procured several laws
to be pas.sed which gave encouragement to the
pro.secution of a war, which had Income a na-
tional object. Hut having got the money, and
encouraged many knights and nobles in raising
men, he still delayed any active measures of
liostility, througli the spring, summer, and au-
tumn of 1402. At length, in October, he landed
at Calais with a well-appointed anny. . . .
But for three months previous to this costly
])amde the wily king had been negotiating u
peace with Cliailes of France ; and it appears
in the highest d<'gree probable that the treaty
was actually .signed when tlie English forces
landed. — Knioiit's Eno., vol. 2, ch. 13, p. 218.
431. AVARICE, Demands of. llenrii VI L
In March, 1490, lie granted leltcrs-jiatent to
John Cabot and his two .sons, to stul at their own
cost and charg«'s, with fivu ships, for the discov-
ery of new countries, upon condition that the
king should have a fifth of the profits. [In 1497
he gave £10] to him that found the new isle of
Newfomidland. — Knioht'sEno., vol. 2, ch. l."),
p. 230.
432. AVARICE, Glory in. Cato tJie Censor.
In his old age he liecame exceedingly avaricioiis,^
and gained a large fortune by methods whicb
were legal, but not very honorable. He eveo.
AVAHICK— AWKNV AMDNKSS
53
iiltcD'd tills s4'ntiiiH'iit : " I'lml ikiiiii (nilv won-
(Ifrful 1111(1 K<><llii«'. iiKil fll III Im' ri'xiMli'rcil in tin*
listM (if kI<»'.V> '** Ik' '>y ^^Iki**)' hi'ciiiiiiI iMMtkM it
nIiuII apiK'uf, itl'lcr IiIm iIi'iiIIi, Hint lie liiiil tiinrr
timn ildiililcil wliitt lie liiul i'i'ii'Im'iI tniiii lih
nnii'slMis. "— ('\( i,(in;iiiA hk liKiiiiiAi'iiv, |i.4',':t.
<t:i:i. AVARICX, Ofllolal. ,/i>/iiii>t' ('iij>/Htil<H'i<i.
iWlli'li till' Itiilllilll ^rrlirral Iti'llHiirllls wciit frnlll
'i)lislaiilillii|ili- til till- IT i'i)iii|lU'st III' ('iirlliili;r
from till' V'miiiiiU, I tlir truiips wrn-Hufclx iliscm
liurkcil DM till' Mi'ssiiii.'in >iast, ii> ri'imsi' tlii'in
w'lvcs fiirawliili'al'Irr till' t'Mllifiii'sot'tlii'st'a. In
this plari! llii'V (•x|irriiii(iil Imw aviiiiri' invcshil
with aiitliiirlly may Hporl with tin- livrs nf
thoiiHiiiiils wlili'li all' liravi ly rxiioMi-il fur the
luililic Hcrvlcc. Acciiriiiiijc in military piiutirc,
the liriad or liisciiit iif llir {{umaiiM was iwlrc
pi'i'parcil ill till! ovrii, anil tlii' ilimlniition nf iini'
t'lmi'lli was clu'iTl'iilly alluwcil fur tin- h>^^ of
weight. To )>'ahi this iiiiHi'ialili- protll. ami In
Wkvo tin- expense of wood, the prefeit, John of
(.'uplMidoeia, hud v^iven orders that, the tloiir
nIioiiIiI lie sliiflitly liaised by the .same lire wlijili
warmed the IiuiIih of (."onstaiitinople ; and when
tliu Nui'ks weri' opened, a Hiift and inonldy paste
wii.s distriliiited totluMirniy. Such iinwholcHonie
food, assisted liy the heat of the climate and
MC'iison, soon jirodiieed an epidemical disease,
which swept away five hundred HoldierH. — Oui-
iiDNS lloMK, ell. 41, ]>. 122.
4:14. AVARICE puniihed. (' run huh The
Parthiiins havin^r cominered the Koiiian <reneral
('rii.s8iis, who invaded their country, the I'ar-
thian kin^; is stdd to have punreil into his mouth
melted ffold, snyirij^, " Now lie.saliali il with what
thou covetedst tlirou.i;li life."
4.'1.'J. AVARICE, Royal. Ilnini Vf/r. [A
sum of i;i50() ha 1 lieell -icen in the iiccounts of
("ardinal W^olsey. The yiiiK man had lieen
j)re.s.sed to account for the money. He said ho
had borrowed it In distribute ainon^ his Ncr-
vants, and for hisbiii i,d, and had placed il in the
hands of an honest man. J The; chief busine.ss of
thi.s ma;i:nanimous kin<;f, willKJavendish, was to
obtain the knowledge where this treuaure was
liidden ; and Cavendish told him. " Well
then," (junth the kinj^, " let me alone, and keep
this ji'ear secret bet \M'en yourself and me, and
let no man be privy thereof.' He had broken
the great heart of his faithful .servant ; but lie
thoujjhtonlyof the contents of the money-lmfij.s.to
be appropriated to jewels for Ladv Anno and to
wafers with Domi 1. — Knioiit's Eno., vol. 2,
ch. 20.
436. . Williiiiii tlie Conqueror. One
preat end he never lo.st .sij;ht of, whi-tlier be
•vvorked by clemency or terror— the plunder of
the land. " He hud fallen into avarice, and
greediness he loved witlml." . . . It is a fearful
and u disgusting liistory. — Knight's Eno.,
vol. 1, ch. 14, p. 191.
437. . Gcori/e IT. Tint luikingly
pa.ssiou of iivarice was predominant in his mosi
trivial disbursements. — Kniuiit's E.Mi., vol. G,
ch. 4, p. 59.
43§. AVARICE, Ruled by. Itom. Emp. Comvv)-
(lua. Avarice was the reigning pa.s.sion of his
soul and the great principle of his admini.s-
tration. The rank of Consul, of Patrician, of
Senator, was exjKised to public side ; aud it
NViililil have In'cu rnliMidiTed as ilisjifTectlnn if
any one had refiiscd in purchiiMe thcHe cmply
and disgiikceful linimrs with the greatest part of
his fortune In the lucnttlve prnvincial em-
ployments the minister shared with the goverti-
nr the simiHh (if the penple. The exrcutioll of
the laws was veiml itnd arbitrary. .V wealthy
( rimlnal might nbtain, iint niily Jlie reversal of
the sentenie by wlilili he was Justly cniidemned,
but might likewise inlllct whalivir piinlslinii'nl
he pleased nn the ai'ciiser, the witnesses, and
the Judge — (JiniKiNs Komi;, i h. 4.
430. AVARICE, Bhamcful. lii 1)111 of .In huh II.
The prnperty bnlli nf the relicls |uililer tho
Diike of .Mnnilinutli| who hiid sulTei'ed deiltli,
and of those nmre iinfnrtuiiiile men wlm weru
withering under the trnpical sun |)iy banish-
mentj. was fniight fnr and tnni in pieces by a
ernwd nf greedy infnrniers. My law, a subject
attainted nf treitsnn forfeits all liji suhstance ;
and this law was enforced after I'le liloody
AsHJ/.i's with a rigor at once cruel iind ludicrous.
The liroken-lieai'ted widows and destitute or-
phans of the lalmring men whose coriises hung
at the cross-roads were called upon by the
agents of the Treasury to exjilain what liad lii.
come of a basket, of a giwise, nf a flitch of bacon,
of a keg of cider, nf a sack of beans, of a trn.ss
of hay. — M.vi Airi.AY H Eno., ch. .'>.
440. AVARICE, Bupremaoy of. f'onffilfrateH.
It is a subject of exliiiordinary n mark, that
the struggle for our iiidi'iienilence liould havo
Ik'I'ii nltended by the igiinble circuinstance.s
nf a cnnimercial s|>ecul;iii'iii in the Hniith un-
paralleled in its heartlessiiiss and .seltlsh greed.
\Var invariably excites avarice and speculation ;
it is tin; active promoter of rapid fortuneH and
corrupt commercial practices. . , . [This, | tho
only .serious blot which defaced niir strugglo
for independence, was, at least to .some extent,
the creature of circumstances ; and that is lost
. . . in the lust r(( of arms and virtues shed 011
the Soutli in the most sublime trials of the war.
— I'oi.KAKD's Skmind Ykauok thk VVak,
ch. 9, p. 287.
441. AWE, Effect of. PrrH/nn. King. Sa-
por . . . as he p:isseil under the walls of Andda,
re.MolM'd t() try whether the majesty of ins pres-
ejice would not aw*; the gitrri.son into inunediatu
submission. The sacrilegious insult of a random
dart, which glanced against the royal tiara, con-
vinced him of his error. — CiinnoN'a Komk,
ch. 19.
44a. AWE, Silence of. Bdltle ,./ the Nile.
[At the buttle of the Nile the I'Orient, of one
hundred anil twenty guns, afterburning an hour,
blew lip. J When the explosion came, there
was an awful silence. For ten minutes not a
gun was flred im either side. The instinct of
self-preservation, as well as the sudden awe on
this sublime event, jiroduced this pau.se in the
battle. — Kmoiit'b Eng.,vo1. 7, ch. 20.
443. AWKWARDNESS and Agility. The Poet
Shelley. Hogg gives some details ... of Shel-
ley's personal appearance. . . . "There were
many striking contrasts in the character and
behavior of Shelley — of the clumsy with tlie
graceful. He would stumble in stepping across
the floor of a drawing-room ; he would trip
himself up uu a ijmoutu-shuven grass-plot, and
ill'
tt4
HA( IIKI.OHH IIANKKHS
urcut, (liifiiilv.l 'I'licrc! is upon rcconl a vcim
luiiilitblc act (if liix, that took place duriiiL; III
hii would tiiin>)l«i In tli'- imohi Inconiclvalili*
nnuuKT in uNci'nilinK tlx' conuniMlloiiH, rm lie,
nnil well ('ur|N'ti<<| NtainuMi' of an cli'ifKnt man
Dion, NO nx to linilMf hU noMc >ir liU llpH mi
llic iip|H'r Hli'pM. or to Iri'iiil iip"n liis liamlx,
und cvi'ii ocra.tionally to di-tlurl) llir coiiipo
Hiirn of a well lircd footman , on llir (ontnny,
III' would ofli'u n\\i\v witliniii )'oll|sion lliiDiiv^li
n ffowdcd aMHcinlilv, Irrad wilh unrrrin^ di'\
tcrily a moHt intrd'alf palli, or Hrnircly and
rapidly tread the mont ardiiouH and untcrlaiii
ways.''— SvMoNim' Hiiki.i.i.y, eh. 2.
'•'II. BACHELORS diioardod. Fimr/i /t,r,.f,i
Willi. A. It. I71M The Nulional Convenlloii now
prepared anotlur eoiiMiltutinn for llie adoption
«)f tlie |K'o|ile of Kriiiwe. . . . The leniHlallve
IiowerM were eomndtled to two iHidiex, ax in the
lulled States. The (Irst, eorrespondinn I') Hie
IJiiited Htules Henate, was to lie eiilled the
('itunril of f/in AnriiiitM. It was to eonsJNt of two
hundred and fifty niemliers, each of whom was
tf) he at least foriy years of iiirc, ai\d a married
man or widower. An unmarried man was not
fofLsidered worthy of a post of sueh reMponsilill
Ity in the service of llie Slate. — A i-uorr'H Nai'o
J,K<»N M. , vol. 1, eh. ;i.
44Si. BACHELORS forced to marr^. /i*"///<'.
(Camillus was called llat Mccoiid Icamdcr of
tome. He was for a linu! censor, an olllce of
7
place (lurlni.; Ins
ntllce. As tin; wars had rnadi! many widows,
lie oliliged such of the irien ns lived single,
partly by persinision, and partly liy threatening,'
thetu with tines, to marry those widows. — Pi.i'
TAIU'll.
4'l<l. BACHELORS puniihed. Spnrdi. fr.yeur-
Pfus th(! law^dver. I To encourajre marriap',
Home marks of infamy were .set upon those iliiit
c'ontinued bachelors. For they wen^ not jui-
initted to see the exerci.ses of the naked virjfins ;
und thu ma^ixlrates conuuanded them to march
naked roiuul the uiarket-placo in the winter, and
to sin;? a son/j com|)o.sed against themselves,
which expressed how ju.stly they were punislied
for their disobedience to the laws. They were
also deprived of that honor and respect whicli
the yoini^er people paid to the old . . . [Note.]
The time of marriage was li.\(!d ; und if a man
did not marry when he was of full age, he was
liable to a prosecution, a.s were such also who
married above or below tliemselves. Such as
had three cliildren had great immunities ; and
tho.se that had four were free from all taxes.
Virgins wc^re married without porions, because
neither want should hinder a man, nor riches in-
duce him, to marry contrary to his inclinations.
— PuiTAiicii's Ln i:s.
447. BALDNESS, Illustrated by. Emp. Cams.
His amba.s.sad()rs entered the camp about sunset,
nt the time when the troops were satisfying tiieir
himger with a frugal repast. Tlie Persians ex-
pressed their desire of being introduced to the
f)resencc of the Roman emjieror. They were at
engtli conducted to a soldier, who was seated
on the grass. A piece of stale bacon and a few
hard peas composed his supper. A coarse wool-
len garment of purple was the only circumstance
that announced Ins dignity. The conference
was conducted with the same disregard of
courtly elegance. Cams, taking off a cap which
he wore to cnnceiil his baldncH-, assured llie am-
bassadors that, unless their miisleracknowh'dged
the siiperiorllv of Itome, he would spet'dlly reli
der Persia as' niik'-Al of lives as his own head
was de<itltulr of htui Oiiuionm UoMK, eh. \'i.
IIM. BANISHMENT, Inhuman. Ainulia In
■I camjiaiKti of less than a nmiith, and with u
loss of only Iweiily men, the Kngllsh had made
Ihemselves' mastcIN of the V.llule country east of
the SI. ('idl\. The war in Arcadia was at an
end ; but what should be done wilh the people T
Till French inhiibltanls still outnumixred the
Knglish, lliiH'e to one. (iovmior Lawrence and
Admiral Hoscaweii, in confeniKe with the chief-
lusllce of the province, settled UIm.ii the allo-
eioiis measure of driving tin' | |>le Inl" banish-
ment. The llrst move nt was to demand an
oath of allegiance, whicli was so framed that the
French, as honest Calholics, could not lake it.
. . . The next sleii on the part of the Knglish
was to accuse the Freiii li of treason, and to de-
mand the surrender of all their llrearms and
boats, To this measure the broken hearled peo-
ple also sii bmitti'd. They even olTercd to take tlie
oath, but Lawrence dei^lared thai, having onco
refused, they must now lake the coiise)|ueiiees.
The Hritlsh" vessels were maile ready, and the
work <if forcible embaikati<ai began. The
country arnund llie isllunus was covere<l wilh
peaceful liamlels. Thesi- were now liii<l wilsIc,
and the people driven into llie larger 'owns on
the coast. Others were induced by artillee and
treachery to put themselves in the'p<'W"r of the
Knglish. Wherever a siilllcient numlK'r of the
French could be gotten together they were driven
on shipboard. They were allowed to lake? their
wives and children and as much iiroperty as
would not be inconvenient on llie vessels, riio
estates of the province were conti.seated, and
wliat coulil not be approi)rialed was given to the
(lames. Tilt! wails of tliousiuids of bleeding
hearts wen? wafted to lieaven witli the smoke of
urning homes. At the villagi' of (Jrand Pro
, Nova Scotia) four liundred and eighleea men
were called together and shut up in a church.
Then came the wives and children, the old men
and the mothers, the sick and Ihe infirm, tosharo
the common fate. The whole company iium-
bend more than nineteen hundred souls. The
poor creatures were driven down to IIk; shore,
forced into the boats at the point of the bayonet,
and carried to the ve.s.sels in llie bay. As the
moaning fugitives ca.st a last look at llieir pleas-
ant town, a column of black smoke; lloaling
.seaward told the story of desolation. More
than three thousand of the hiiiiless Arcadians
were carried away by the IJritish sepiadron
and .scattered, helpless, half -starved, and dying,
among the English colonies. The history of
civilized nations furnislies no i)arallel to this
wanton, wicked destruction of an iiioirensive
cohmy. — Hidpath's U. S., cli. 'A'i.
449. BANKERS plunder. Jeira. The share
taken by the Jews in tlie business of banking
was one strong cause why it continued so long to
l)e in dlsesteem. To trade in money was consid-
ered as little else than to cheat.and accordingly wo
And that many of the princes of Europe looked
upon the fortunes amassed by the Jews as a sort
of lawful plunder, and made no scruple to de-
spoil them of their property whenever a public
MANKKIlrt-HATIIS.
ftft
rtiMTXi-ricy nM|iilri'<| n K|H'r<ly Miip|>ly r)f iiutncv.
TliiiN, 111 KriKliiiid, Kliik( Juliii lrn|>rlM()iiri| ific
J«WH, ill nriliT t(i fonii u dlxcovrry i>f tlulr
wcitltli ; iind iiiittiy of IIicm^ iinfiirtiiiiiili' wri'tchi"*,
wlio would mil. ri'Vi'iil tlu'lr (rcuNiiri's, wrrc |iuii-
Nlicd with Hid IdHNfif llii'ir ryvn. jliii Hichc jfili'V
uiici'M, wlili'li wiiiild Ni'ciii ii|i|iiirciilly calciiliili'il
to ri'iircHM III!) Npiril (if cniii ncrcr, ciuitrilinti'd In
tills iiistiiiii-o Very nmlcrlitlly In IIn iidviiiK'ciiiriil.
'I'll i^iiitrd uptliiHt tlii'Ni! lyruiiiiicul di'|iri'<liilluns
iiiiidit (III tlicir |ir(i|i('t'ly, ilic .lews Invciili'd IiIIIh
of <^X('linii^(i ; iitid ('iiiiiiiicri'c Iici'iiiik! Iiy liiis
iiii'iins ('U|miil(i of eluding violciici' and of iiiiilii
laliiiiiK I'vcrywiici'it lis ^^niuiiil ; for iiicnliiiiiN
could now ('(invert llicir cITccH Inio impcr, iiiid
tliimciiMlly truimport llicin wherever lliey HioukIm
proper. — Tyti.ku'h llinr., Mook 0, eh. 17.
4A0. BARKEKB, Prejudiced againit. Jliiliuii
Mvrfhiintu, [('idled LoinliiirdM In various ellles
of Kiirope. I Tliese l,oinliards iiol only iieled as
iiierehiinlH for the Iniporlalioii and exchange of
(viininoditles, hut us hankers or inoney-dealers ;
thouKli ill this last hraneli of huslnesN lliey found
II heiivy restraint In the ideas of the limes. The
I'ltnon law, pro<'e(>din^ iiiion a Hiriet Inlerprela-
tion of those imssuges ol Herlptuni VNhicli eon-
il(unii tlie taking of usury, was adverse to Ihe
ciiHtoin of deiiiaiidin^ even tlu) most moderale
int(!reHt for tho use of money ; and In^nee Ihe
Ixinkin^ trade of tlu>H(! Ijomhard merelianis, who
very naturally thought th(>m.selveM entitled to ii
pruinium for tliu loan of their money, fell under
tho ceiiHunt of tho ehurcih, iind liepiii to lie
deemed unlawful. They were oliiif^ed, there-
foro, to c'lvry on tlieir i)usiiu!.SH us Imnkers to
great distidvantaffe. 'I'heir Imrj^ains wero neees-
Hiirily kent private, and eonse(piently tlieir e.xiu -
tioHH, fH.'ing urhitrary, were ofU^n most exorlii-
tunt and fraudulent. — Tyti-ku'h Hiht., JJook 0,
ch. 17.
4AI. BANKKUPTCT predicted. Great Britain.
Lord liyttelton, in 17119 ; Lord Holiiigliroki!,
in 1745; David IIum(!, in 1761; Adam Smith,
in 1770; Dr. Pri(X', in 1777; Lord Stair, in
1783 ; each honestly licHoved that England was
fust approaching the r()n(iition of inevitahlo hiink-
ruptcy. In 1784 Marshall Conway wrote : " Tlie
suniH spent in losing America are a blow w(! shall
never rocover." — Knioiit's Eno., vol. 7, ch. 1,
p. 2.
43a. BANQUET, Extravagant. Court of Huh-
Ilia. [Naj)oleon's amlia.ssador arrived from
France. | Every day brought new fetes ... I
will mention one. . . . At a supper given after a
ball at the Embassy, a plate of tlvo jH'ars cost
five hundred and flhy dollars. On another occa-
sion cherries, which had been purchased at the
pri(!0 of eiglity cents, wero served as abundantly
as though they bad cost not more than twenty
cents tho pound. [8uch was the competition in
extravagance betwe((ii the two courts. Napoleon
said when he heard of it :] " Such extravagances
are only to be expected of madmen or fools." —
Abbott's Napoleon B., vol. 2, ch. 2.
453. EAPTISH procrastinated. Conrcrtn.
Among the proselytes of Christianity, there wen;
many who judgeci it imprudent to precipitate a
salutary rite, which could not be repeated ; to
throw away an inestimable privilege, which
could never be recovered. By the delay of their
baptism, they could venture freely to indulge
their passions in the enJoynienlH of this world,
while llicy mIIII nlalned in iheir own hands lh(«
inrans of a sure and citHy almohillon. — (Iiiiiio.n'h
KiiMi:, ch. 2(1.
44 1. BAPTIST, Pioneer. M>mr WiHiamn. Hn.
ger Williams iM'longcd lo liiat mosl radical
liiidy of disseiilers called AnabapllMlM. Iiy llinn
thi> validily of InfanI liaplisni was denied. Wil-
liams himself had Imtii liapli/.ed In Infancy, but
his views in regard to Ihe value of Ihe ceremony
had undergone a change during Ids miiilsiry In
Salem. Now Ihat he had freed himself froiii all
foreign aulliorily bolli of (hiireh and Stali>, ho
conceived it lo bohisdnly loreceivea second bap-
Usui. But who should perform Ihe ceremony /
K/.eklel |[olliinan,a liiyinan, was selecled for tho
Miicreddiily. Williams ineekly received Ihe rite at,
Ihe iiaiuisof his friend, and llieii in liirn bapli/ed
lilni and len olhcr exiles of lhi> colony. Sik h
was Ihe organl/.alloii of Ihe first liaplisl church
in America. -BiiirAi'irs I'. S., ch. 22.
4AA. BARBABITY to Animali. Ilorm:*. [In
the iniildle of llieeighleeiilh celllury. | wonderful
as It may aiipcar, Ihe "barbarous cusloin" of
ploughing, harrowing, drawing, and workinv;
with horses by the tail was not explodeil at
Casth'biir and olher places. — IvMoirr'rt Eno.,
vol. 7, ch. 2. p. :«2.
4a«. BABBER8, Surgical. Kni/hni,/. [InlM7
tli(! surgeons separaled from Ihe barlier sur-
geons, j The barlK-r-surgeons shaved, and drew
leelh, and bled, and atU^iupted cures. ... In ,
l.'>40lh(Hwo compiiiiles were nulled by slatule.
— IvNKiirr's Eno., vol. 2, ch. 29, p. 41»H.
4H7. BASOAIN, Foolish. St. Thoman Tmlian.
iColunibus' tlrsl voyage. | On one occasion an
ndiaii gave lialf a handful of gold-dust in ex-
cliangi; for one of the.si; toys, and no sooner was
Ik; in p(is.se.ssion of it t'<aii lu; bounded away lo
llu; woods, looking often behind him, fearing
llu! Spaniards might repent of having ]iarted so
cheaply with such an inesliinable jewel. — Iiiv-
iNo's (.'oi.u.Mins, Book 4, cli. 9.
43M. BASENESS, Matrimonial, llniry Vflf.
['Henry VIll. married .lane Seymour Ihe next
(lay after the olHcial murder ot' Anne Boleyn.
lie looked upon matrimony as an indilTerent of-
(Icial act which Ids duty re(piired at tin; momenl.
This is tlu; ajMilogy of tlie political philosoplier.J
— Knioht'h Enoi.ano, vol. 2, di. 23, p. 37H.
4A0. BATHS, Common. lionian. Following
the Homans through the ordinary occupations of
tlu; day, it was customary for them to go from
IIk; porticos or Hk; theatre to take the bath.
Water, which in the more frugal days of tho
republic was used only for the neces.sary purpo.se.s
of life, was not brought to llonu; by a(pieducts
till th(;441st vcarof lh(;cit3'. . . . It soon becamo
oik; of the chief articles of luxury, to sujiply as
well the public as IIk; jirivaU; baths, and many
a(iueducts were accordingly built aii(l public; res-
ervoirs and fountains reared in every ([uarter of
the city. This luxury increased to sudi a degree
that, under Augustus, there were seven hundred
basins, a hundred and five fountjiins, and a hun-
dred and thirty public reservoirs, ail adorned in
the most sumptuous manner, with columns,
statues, and basso-relievos. To superintend these
became an office of considerable dignity and
emolument, and under the emperors was tilled
5G
HATIIS— IJATTLK.
inoHtly by men of the first rank. — Tyti.kfi'h
JIiHT., B(;rk4, eh. 4.
460. BATHS, Magnifloent. liomnn. Tli<> stii-
pondou.s luiucdiicls, so jiisllv (■clcliralcd liy tiu:
priiiHi-H of Aui^ustiis liiinsclf, rcplciii.Hlicd the
T/ieniM, or hiitlis, wliicli liml liccii (•instructed
in every part of tlii- city, willi imperial niairnifi-
cenee. TIk; ballisof Aiiloiiiinis Caracalla, wiiicli
were op(!ii, at stated liow i, for tiie iiidiscriininate
service of the senators and the jieople, contained
idjove sixteen I;undred seals of nirrhle, and more
than lhre(! tlionsand v.'cre reckoned in tiie l„itiis
of I)iocl(?tian. Tlie walls of the lofty apartments
were covered with curious mosaics, that imitated
the art of the j)encil in the eleicance of desiirn
and the vari(!ly of colors. The Ki^yplian granite
wiLS lieautifully incrusied with tin; pre(dous f^reen
marble of Nnmidia ; the perpetual stream of hot
wattir was poured into the capacious iKisins,
through .so many wide mouths of bright and
ma.s.sy silver; and the meanest Uoman i'ould
pureha.se, with a small copiiertoin, the daily en-
joyment of a .scene of ])omp and hi.\ury which
mig!»t e.xcite the en- y of th(^ kings of Asia.
From these stately palaces issued .! swarm of
dirty and ragged iilebeian.-i, without shoes and
without a mantle, who loitered I'way whole days
in the street or Forum to hear news and to hold
disputes ; who dissipated, ine.\trav..,^mtgamini.'',
the miserable pittance of their wives and chil-
dren, and i'pent the hours of the night in obscure
laverns and brothels, Iri the indulgence of gross
and vulgar .sensuality. — GiunoNs U(jmk, eh. 31,
p. '?63.
461. BATTLE, Bloodless. In Armor. [In 1119
the battle of Noyon, or Urcmeville, was fought
in France ] '''he battle was not a sanguinary
one, an'' wa.s remarkable for the comparative
.safety Widi which the liorsemen in compl"te har-
ness enco\mtered each other. Oidericus says:
" In the battle between the two kings, in which
nearly nine hundred knights were engaged, I
have a.S(;ertained that only three were slain. This
arose from their being entirely coveretl with
steel armor, and nmtually sparing each other
for the fear of God and out (jf regard for the
fraternity of ai'ms. — Kxuurr's E>(i., vol. 1, eh.
17, p. 2U.
462. . Fort Sumtir. [After a vig-
orous bond)ardment for two da^s by the Confed-
erates, the barracks took tire.] .Major Anderson
agreed to an luiconditional surrender . . . on
leaving the fort he was permitted to .salute his
flag with fifty gvuis, the performance of which
W!is attended with the melancholy occurrence of
mortid injuries to four of his men l)y the burst-
ing of I wo cannon. There was no other life lost
in the whole iilfair. ... It was estimated two
tJiou.";ind shots had been fired in all . . . yet not
a life had been lost nor a limb injured. — Pol-
LAUu's FiKST Ykak ot-' TiiK Waii, cli. 2, p. 55.
463. BATTLE, Bloody. Buttle of Toirton.
When Margaret [of Anjou], wIkj liad now set
her husbantl at liberty, prepared to enter London
in triumph, she found the gates of the city .shut
against her. Young Edward, the eldest .son of
the late Duke of York, had begun to repair the
los.ses of his party. Londcn had declared in his
favor, and proclaimed him king by the title of
Edward IV. Margaret of Anjou, whose gu-at-
uess of f;oul was superior t(j ail of her misfort-
les. retreated to the north of England, where
she found means to a.ssend)le an army of 60,000
men. Warwick met her at the heail of 40,000,
at Towton, on th(! borders of Yorkshire. An
engagement ensued — one of the bloodic^.st and
most desperate that is recorded in the English
his'oiy. Thirty-si.\ thousand men were left dead
u])on the field; Warwick gained a complete
victory, by which the young Edward Avas flxed
upon the throne, iind th(! vanipiished ISIargaret,
with her husband [Henry VI. | and infant son,
took refuge in P'landers.—Tvri, Kit's Hist., Book
(!, ch. 14,' I). 22.").
464. BATTLE, Cry in. r.dttlr of NaKchy. If
I'.ny field could have been won by ])assion alone,
Hiipert wouid have won not only ^aseby, but
many anolii.'r field ; but we know that, a.s piw-
sion is one of the most frail elements of our na-
ture, so Hupert was one of the most frail of men.
At the head of his Cavaliers, in white sash and
plume, lu! indeed flamed in brilliant gallantry
over the field, shouting, "Queen Mary ! Queen
Mary !" while the more rough, unkmglitly sol-
diers thundered, " God is with us ! God is with
us!" . . . "God is with us !" struc:k likL' light over
his soldiers' hearts, like lightning over his ene-
mies. What was there in the ])oi)r cry, " Queen
Maiy !" (and such a .Mary !) to kinclle feelings
like that ! — Hood's Cko.mwell, eh. 10.
465. BATTLE, Decisive. Battle of ChoTonen.
The Macedoni.m army amounted to 30,000 foot
and 2000 horse ; that of the Athenians and their
allies was nearly ecjual in number. The left wing
of the ^Macedonians was commanded by the
j'oung Alexander, and it was his fortune to be
oppo.sed by that body of the Thebans ca'led
thu xar red hand ; {he, courage of the combat). nts
on both .side was, therefore, inflamed by :» fiigh
l)rinciple of honor. The attack of Alexander
was imi)etuons beyond all description, but was
su.stained w'th the most determined bravery on
the part of the Thebans ; and had the courage
and conduct of their allies given them an ad-
ecpiate support, the fortune of the day would
probably have been fatal to the Macedonians ;
but, unaided by the timely co-operation of the
main body of the Greeks, the miered band were
left alone to sustain this desperate a.ssault, and
they fought till the whole of these noble The-
bans lay dead upon the fleld. The Athenians,
however, on their jiart, had made a most vig-
orous attack on the centre of the Macedonian
army, and broke iuid put to flight a great body
of the enemy. Philip, it the head of his for-
midable i)haianx, was not engaged in the flght,
but coolly withheld his attack till he .saw the
Greeks pursuing their success against the cen-
tre with a tunudtuous impetuosity. He then
charged them in the rear with the whole strength
and solidity of his phalan.x ojjpo.sed to their
deranged and disorderly battalions. The aspect
of affairs was now (pnte changed, and the Gre-
cian army, after a desperate conflict, was broken
and entirely put to flight. . . . This decisive en-
gagement, which, in its inunediate consequences,
put an end to the liberties of Greece, was fought
in the3'ear338 before Chri.st. — Tvtleu's Hist.,
Book 2, ch. 3.
466. BATTLE, Disparity in. Battle of Arhela .
Alexander . . . i)as.sing the Tigris and Euphrates
without opposition, came up with the Persian
T
B ATT I.E.
57
monurcli [Divrius] at tlic liciid ( i 700,000 men,
near to tl.c villajfo of Arbcla . , the- Macedonian
anny did not exceed 40,000 men. It wits toward
tlie close of tlic day wiien tliey came in si^lit of
the prodii^ious host of tlic Persian.s, which ex-
tended over an imnien.se plain to the utmost dis-
tance that the eye could reach. Even some of
Alexander's bravest officers were ajipalled with
this si^'ht. . . . The; attack was ma(ie at day-
break with an ardor and impetu(<sity on the part
of tlK' (JrccLs which, in the tirst onset, tiinsw the
foremosi, ranks of the Persian army back in con-
fusion ujv)!! the main body, and completely re-
strained and rendered incliect\ial its operations.
Disorder, once begun, was propapited like an
«'lectrical shock through the whole ma.ss, and
the decisive victory was purcha.scd [with a lo.ss
not ex<;eeding 1200 Macedoiiiiins. TIk; Persian
loas was estimated at 300,0(;»J.— TvTi.Ku's II 1ST.,
Eook 2, ch. 4.
467. BATTLE, A Famous. Jfamt/wn. The
Spartans delayed to march, from an absurd su-
perstition of beginning no enterprise till after
the full moon. The Athenians, therefore, may
lie said to have stood alone to repel this torrent.
The amount of their whole army was only 10,000
men ; the army of the Persians [under Darius]
consisted of 100,000 foot and 10,000 horse— a
vast inecpiality. Miltiades drew up his little army
at the foot of a hill, which covered both the
flanks, and frustrated all attempts to surround
liiiii. They knew the alternative was victory or
death, and that all depended on a vigorous effort
to be made in one momc^nt ; for a lengthened
<!onflict was sure destruction. The Greeks, there-
fore, laving aside all missile weapons, trusted
<!verything to the sword. At the word of com-
mand, instead of the usual discharge of javelins,
they rush<'d at once upon the enemy with the
mo.st despenvte impetuosity. The disorder of the
Persians, from this furious and unexpected as-
sault, was instantly perceived by Miltiades, and
improved to their destruction by a charge made
by both the wings of the Athenian army, in
which with great judgment he had placed the
iKist of his troops. The army of the Persians
was broken in a moment ; their immense num-
l)era increa.sed their confu.sion, and the whole
were put to flight. A great carnage ensued. Six
thousand three hundred were left dead on the
field of Marathon. The Athenians, in this day
of glory, lost only 190 men. The Spart^ms came
the day after the battle to witness the triumph
of Uieir rival State. — Tytlkk's Hist., Book 2,
ch. 1.
461.
3f(i II t i II f {I. The Spartan
troops had been .suddenly called off from Man-
tinea to defend their city. Epaminondas now
attempted, by a rapid march, to surpri.se and
seize JVIantinea ; but in the mean time its gar-
rison had been re-enforced by an Athenian army,
which met the Thebans in front, on their a])-
proach to the town, while the Spartans, aware
of their design, were following close upon their
rear. An engagement now en.sucd, one of the
most celebrated in the Grecian liistory. The
army of the Thebans amounted to 30,000 foot
and 3000 horse ; that of the Lacediumoniaus and
their allies to 20,000 foot and 2000 horse. The
battle was fought with the most desperate cour-
age on both sides. [The Thebans were victorious,
but were undone by the diMith of Epaminondas,
whom ancient historians ranked] . . . among the
greatest heroes and most illustrious characters
of antiquity. — Tyti.kii's Hist., Book 2, ch. 3.
469. BATTLE, A great. A mUiiiU. [On De-
cember 2d, 180r), l)etween nearly lOO.tXK) French
under Bonaparte and (piite as many Austrians
and Russians under their emperors. It has been
con.sidcred Bonaparte's most glorious victory,
lie took 40,0(M) prisoners, and the allies left from
12,tMM) to 15,000 on the lichl.]— Kniout's Eno.,
vol. 7, ch. 2.-), p. 450.
470. . Biitdr of Cirm/. [Edward
III., King of England, claimed tin vacant
throne of France by inheritance in right of Ids
mother, the si.ster of Charles the ' .'. ! Ed-
ward, landing in France with the ■ - the
nobility of England, and his .son, :.W'., from
th(! color of his armor, the Jilitck i'ic< . ; ten a
youth of fifteen years of age, ran a ci« ■'••■ >' the
ino.st glorious exploit.s. The opulent city of
('aen in Normandy was taken and plundered, and
the English were extending their depredations
almost to the gates of Paris, whei; Philip ap-
Ijcared in their front with an army of 100,000
men . . . tlu; English archers began the engage-
ment, which throwing that wing o*" ihe French
to whom they were opposed into the utmo.st con-
fusion, the Prince of Wales, taking advantage of
their dismay, attacked them Avith irresistible im-
petuosity. The king, who commanded a body
of re.s«'rve, was determined to allow his intrepid
son the honor of the day ; he kept aloof from tln!
fight, which was maintained on both sides with
the most desperate courage. [The French were
defeated.] Thirty thou.sand were left dead on
the spot. Among these were John, King of Bo-
hemia; Ralph, Duke of Lorraine, and a great
piu'tof the nobility of France. — Tyti, lint's IIisT.,
Book G, ch. 12.
471. . Aijiiiciiurt. On pretence of
recovering the ancient patrimony (jf the crown
of England, Henry [IV.] made a desc'cnt on
Normandy with an army of 50,000 men. He took
the tower of Ilarfleur, and carried devastation
into the country. A contagious distemper ar-
rested his progress and destroyed three fourths of
his arnij', and in this deplorable condition, with
about 9000 elTective troops, he Wiis met by the
Constable D'Albret, at the head of 60,000 men.
In this .situation a retreat was attempted by the
English, but they were harassed by the enemy,
and comjiellcd to come to an engagement on the
j)lain of Agincourt. On that day the English
arms obtained a signal triumjth. The French
were so confident of success, that they made a
jiropostd to the English about surrcndi ring, and
began to Iri'at for tlu^ ransom o'' their prisoners.
Henry observed in their immen.se anny the re-
missness and relaxation which commonly attend
a great superiority of numbers. He le(l on his
little band to meet them in order of battle. The
French stood for a con.si(l'jrable space of time,
and beheld this feelile foe with indignation and
contcm; ',. " Come on, my friends," said Henry ;
" since they scorn to attack us, it is ours to show
them the example. Come on, and the bles.s<^'d
Trinity be our protection." . . . The French
were broken, dispersed, and entirely cut to
l)ieces. The nunilKT of the slain amounted to
10,000, and 14,000 were taken prisoners. The loss
I
T
58
BATTLE.
of tlu! En^lisli in the victory of Affincourt is said
not to liiiv(! f!x<:c(>(le(l 40 men— u fact iKJnlcrini,'
upon tlie iucredible. — Tytlku'sHist., liooli 0,
ch. 13.
-ira. . nienheim. a.d. 1704. Fifty-
six thousiind Allies iiiulcr tlie Duk(; of Marlhor-
ou^h and Prince EiiKt'iie, and 60,0()0 En-ncii
and Biivarian.s under Marslial Tallard, aided l»v
lii.s fellow-general Marsin. The Allies won the
battle, taking 12,000 prisoners. They lost 1 1 ,000
killed and wounded. Total loss of French and
Bavarians, in killed, -wounded, prisoners, and
deserters, 40,000.— Knioht's Exd., vol. 5, ch.
18, p. ^85.
473. . Jemi. [On the 14th of Oc-
tober, 1806, 200,000 men were engaged, with 700
pieces of caiuion. Bonaparte defeated the Pnis-
Kians, 20,000 being killed or woiuided and above
30,000 taken prisoners. Their king, Frederick
William III., lied from the tield.]— Knriiit's
Eno., vol. 7, ch. 27.
474. . Ij'iithcn. [Frederick H. of
Prussia, witji 30,000 uien, attacked 80,000 Aus-
trians.] TJie Austrians fought bravely, but
the genius of the Prussian leader gave him a
mighty victory, which Napoleon said was of
itself sufflcient to place Frederick in the rank
of the greatest generals. [Fought at Jjcuthen,
1757.J— Kniuut'sEn(i., vol. 6, ch. 15, p. 231.
475, . Navarino. [The British,
French, and Russian fleets met the Turki.sh and
Egyptian fleets in the port of Navarino, and
after four hours' battle one half of the 120 men-
of-war and transports were stuik, burnt, or
driven on .shore.] — Ivnioiit',s Eno., vol. 8, ch.
12, p. 227.
476.
The Mlc.
Nile, fought on August 1, 1798.
[Battle of the
Tlie number
of the ships in the two fleets was nearly equal.
The French lost the battle ; uine sail of the line
were taken and two burned. Only two French
]ine-of-battle ships and two frigates escaped.] —
Knight's Eng., vol. 7, ch. 20, p. 357.
477. . Rosshnch. [Frederick II. of
Prussia, with 22,000 men, at Kossbach met
40,000 French and 20,000 Germans.] Never
wa.s victory more complete. The French and
the Imperial troops vied witli each other in tlie
swiftness of their flight. They left 7000 pris-
oners, guns, colors, baggage — all that could
manifest the extent of their humiliation. —
Knight's Exa., vol. 6, ch. 15, p. 230.
478. . TrnfaUjar. [Under Admiral
Lord Nelson was a British fleet of twenty-seven
ships-of-the-line and fo\ir frigates. The French
and Spaniards had oppo.sed to him thirty-three
ships-of-the-line and seven frigates, twenty of
which struck their colors. Isel.son was killed
in the battle.] — Knight's Eng., vol. 7, ch. 25.
479. . At mm. On the •20th of
October [1805] 30,000 [Austrians], with 00
pieces of cannon, marched out of the fortress
and laid down their arms [to Bonaparte]. —
Knight's Eno., vol. 7, ch. 35.
4§0. . Victoria. [Fought by 20,000
Spanisli and 70,000 British and Portuguese
under the Duke of Wellington against tlie
French. Wellington described the result in his
despatches.] I liave taken from them 151 pieces
of cannon, 415 wr.gons of ammunition, all their
baggage, provisions, cattle, treasure, etc.. and
a con.sideral)le nuiiiiier of jiri.soners. — Knioht'B
Eno., vol. 7, ch. 31, p. 502.
4§l. . Wiiffnim. [Between 300,000
and 400,000 troops engaged on the Otli of July,
1H09. Twenty-four thousand Au.strians anc!
18,000 French "are said to have been killed and
wounded.] — Knight's E.N(J., vol. 7, ch. 29,
p. 510.
/IJHa. . Wdttrloo. [Fought June 18,
1815; about l.")(),0()0 men, nearly eiiually di-
v'.dc(i, were in the two armies. Wellington
commanded the Allies and gave Napoleon liis
flnal defeat. The Allies lost 24,079. The French
lost 18,500 killed or wounded, and 7800 prisoners.
— Knight's Eng., vol. 8, ch. 2, p. 37.
483. BATTLE, Ineffective MamlNo. 10. The
bombardment . . . commenced on X\w 15th of
March [1802] . . . General Beauregard tele-
graphed to tlu; War Department at Richmond
. . . on the 1st of April . . . that the bombard-
ment had continued for fifteen days, in which
time the enemy had tliro\>'n 3000 shells, ex-
pending about 100,000 pounds of powder, with
the result on our side of one man killed and none
seriously wounded . . . that our batteries were
intact. — Poi.i.AUu's First Yk.\u of the TYau,
ch. 12, p. 291.
484. BATTLE, Preparation for. Battle of JTaM-
inj/s. Tlie 13th of October was occupied in
these negotiations, and at night the duke [Will-
iam] announced to his men the next day would
be the day of battle. That night is said to have
been passed by the two armies in very different
manners. The Saxon soldiers spent it in jovial-
ity, singing their national songs and draining
huge liorns of ale and wine around their camp-
fires. The Normans, when they had looked to
their arms and horses, confessed themselves to
the priests, with whom their camp was thronged,
and received the sacrament by thousands at a
time. On Saturday, the 14th of October, was
fought the great battle. [The English were de-
feated.] — Decisive B.vttles, § 306.
485. BATTLE, Beligion in. Sitge of Damas-
cus. At the principal gate, in the sight of both
armies, a lofty crucifix was erected ; the bishop,
with his clergy, accompanied the march, and
laid the volume of the New Testament before
the image of Jesus ; and the contending parties
were scandalized or edified by a prayer that the
Son of God would defend IIis servants and vin-
dicate His truth. The battle raged with inces.sant
fury. [The city was taken.]— Gibbon's Rome,
ch. 51.
486. BATTLE, Terrific. Mobile Bay. In the
beginiiiiii;- of Aiigu.'^t, 1H04, Admiral Farragut
bore down with a jMnverful s(juadron upon the
defences of ^Mobile. Tlu! entrance to the harbor
of this city wa.s commanded on the left by Fort
Gaines and on the rii^lit by Fort 3Iorgan. The
harbor was defended by a Confederate fleet and
the monster iron-clad ram Tennessee. On the
5th of August Farragut prepared for battle, and
ran past the forts into the harbor. In order to
direct the movements of his vessels, the brave
old admiral mounted to the maintop of his flag-
ship, the Hartford, lashed himself to the rigging,
and from that high perch gave his commands
during the battle. One of the Union ship*
KATTLK— BKCiOAIi.
59
Htnifk a torpedo and wciil. to the bottom. The
rest attacked and dispersed tlie Confederule
wpiadron ; but just as tiie bay seemcid won, llie
terrible Tennessee came down at full speed to
strike and sink the Hartford. Tiie latter avoid-
ed the blow ; and then followed one of the fierc-
est atUu'ks of the war. The iron-dads closed
around their black antagonist, and battered her
with their beaks and tifteeninch bolts of iron
until she surrendered. Two days afterward
Fort Gaines was taken, and on the 2:5(1 of tiie
month Fort Morgan was obliged to capitulate. —
lllDPATHK U. S. , ch. 06.
4§7. BATTLE, A useless. Xcir Orliini.i. [The
battles of New Orleans was fo\ii,dit after the treaty
of peac(! had been siirned at Ghent, the news
of which arrived soon after.] — Kxkmit's Eno-
LAND, vol. 8, ch. 1.
48§. BATTLEFIELD, Fruitful. " niooil-f„l(,'„-
fd." [The battlefield where Marius destroyed
the Teutones was eiUMched with the blood of
the barbarians.] The Massilians walled in their
vineyards with the bones they found in the
field ; and . . . the rain whi( ii fell tiie winter
following, .soaking in the moisture of the p'ltre-
lied bodies, the ground was .so enriched liy it,
that it produced tlie next season a prodigious
crop. Thus the opinion of Archilochus is con-
firmed, that^VW.v arc fattened with Mood. — Pi.u-
TAKCIl'S MaKHS.
489. BATTi::;S, Decisive. Fifteen. [Mara-
thon, Syracuse, Arbela, Metaurus, victory of
Arminius over the Uoman legions under Varus,
Chalons, Tours, lla.stings, ()rleans, defeat of
the Spanish Armada, Blenheim, Pultowa, Sar-
atoga, Valma, Waterloo.] — Skk Crkaby's Fik-
TKEN Dec. Batti.es.
490. BEAED, A significant. Walter Scott.
About the middle of the si.xteenth century lived
Sir Walter's great-grandfather, Walter Scott, gen-
erally known in Teviotdale by the .surname
of Beardie, because he would never cut his beard
aftc' the banishment of the Stuarts, and who
took arms in their cause and lost by his intrigues
on their behalf .I'most all that he had, besides
running the grea si risk of being hanged as a
traitor. — Huttox's Life ov Scott, ch. 1.
491. BEABDS, Characteristic. Lombards. In-
stt <\ of as.serting the rights of a sovereign for
th( irotection of his subjects, the emperor invit-
ed . strange people to invade and po.sse.ss the
Rom '1 provinces between the Danube and the
Alps and the ambition of the Geiiidse was
checked by the rising jiower and fame of the
Lombards. This corrupt ap[)eilation had been
diffused in the thirteenth century by the mer-
chants and bankers, the Italian posterity of these
savage warriors ; but the original name oi Laitgo-
bardii is expressive only of the peculiar length
and fashion of their beards. — GuiuoN's Ho.me,
ch. 42.
492. BEAUTY, Common. Jeanne. The county
of Flanders was . . . annexed to the (Town of
France. A few months later Philip [IV.] and
his consort, attended by a brilliant court, made a
sumptuous progress through the chief cities of
the conquered province. The Flemings . . . wel-
comed their new sovereign with lively demon-
strations of joy. . . .An entertainment given at
Bruges was especially distinguished by the ra-
diant beauty and rich attire of the female nobil-
ity : "I thought I was the only (lueen here,"
e.vclaimed the envious .Jeanne of Navarre ; " Init
I find myself surrounded on nil sides bv (|Ueen.s."
— Stidk.nts' Fuance, ch. », «^ 14, p." 1^1.
493. BEAUTY, Personal. Mahoni< t. Accord-
ing to the tradition of his companions, Mahomet
was distinguished by the beauty of his person,
an outward gift which is .seldom Tlespised, except
liy those to whom it has been refused. Before
he spoke, the orator engaged on his side tluMif-
fectioiis of a iiublic or jirivate audience. They
applauded his conimancling presence, his majes-
tic aspect, his piercing eye, his gracious smile,
his Ihjwing beard, his countenance that puintecl
every .sensation of tlie .soul, and his gestures that
enforced each ex])ression of th(^ tongue, — Gin-
noNs Komi;, ch. .'>().
494. BEAUTY, Promoted by. (uor(jc VitUcrH.
[The first introduction of George Villiers to
.lames I. was purely from the beauty of his person.
The history of England tt> the end of this reign
is in great jiart the personal history of (ieorge
Villiers, the adventurer.] First the cup-l)eart'r ;
in a few weeks knighted ; without any other
i|Uiilification he was at the same time niad(! Gen-
tleman of the Ik'dchaniber and Knight of the
Order of the Garter ; and in a short time he was
made a baron, a vi.scount, an earl, a manpiis, and
became Lord High-Admiral of England, Lord
Warden of the ('in ;.ie ports, Master of tiie lIor.se,
and entirely disposed of all the graces of the
king, in conferring all the honors and all the
orticcs of three kingdoms, without a rival. —
Knight's E.no., vol. 8, ch. 23, p. 8(54.
495. BEAUTY, Self-asserted. Sj/lla. Lucul-
lus tells us when Sylla was sent at tlie head of an
army against the confederates, the earth oj)eiied
on a sudden near Laverna; and . . . avast (juantity
of fire and a fiame. . . shot up to the heavens.
The soothsayers being consulted upon it, made
answer, " That a person of courage and superior
beauty should take the reins of government into
his hands and suppress the tumults with which
Bome was then agitated." Sylla says he was
the man ; for his locks of gold were sutficient
proof of his beauty, and that he needed not hes-
itate after so many great actions to avow him-
self a man of courage. — Plutakcii's Syi.la.
496. BEER, Antiquity of. (rcrnian-s. Strong
beer, a liipior extracted with very little art from
wheat or barley, and corrupted (as it is strongly
expressed by 'Tacitus) into a certain .semblance of
wine, was sufficient for the gross purposes of
German debauchery. But those wIkj h;'il tasted
the rich wines of Italy, and afterward of (Jaul,
sighed for that mon^ delicious species of intoxi-
cation. — Gijuson's Rome, ch. i).
497. BEGGAR, An honorable. }fartiii l.'ither.
His relatives, one :)f whom was sexton of the
church of St. Nicholas, were probably not in the
position to a.ssist him for anv great length of
time. lie was therefore obliged, as a charity
scholar, to appeal to the common svmiiatliy of
all men, as he had already doiu^ in ^lagdeburg.
In later years he himself says : " Do not despise
the boys that go from house to house asking
bread for the sake of God and singing the ' bread-
chonis.' I also was one of tho.se 'bread-colts,'
and begged bread at the doors, especially in Eise-
nach, that dear city." — Beix's Lu'iieu, ch. 2.
00
BKGGAH— IJEGINMNG.
J9«. BEGGAR, A literary. n,if/iiof('/i(n-ln< TF.
TIk' rc(()iii|)(.'iis(! wliicli till' wits of that ajjc could
()l)laiii t'i'diii llic piihlic was so small, that they
were under the ticccssity of ckiiif^ out their in-
comes i)y levvini,' (■oiilril)uli()iis on tlu^ ^reat.
Every rich and piod natun'd lord was jiestered
l)y authors with u mendicancy so importiniate,
and a flattery so uliject, as may in our time seem
iticredilile. Tla; patron to whom a work was in-
scribed wasexix'cted to reward the writer with a
])urs(' of ^rold. 'I'he fee i)aid for the dedication
of a hook was f)ften much lar;:er than the sum
which any liookseller wouhl iii\(^ for the copv-
riifht. Hooks were therefore often ])rinted merely
that they mii,dit lie dedicated. This traffic in
praise conipleted the denradalion of the literary
character. Adulation pushed to the ver^^e,
sometimes of non.sense, and sometimes of im])ie-
ty, was not thou.irhl to dis;,'race a jioet. Jnde-
pendencH!, veracity, .self-res|)ect, were thin.i;s not
<'.\pected hy tho world from liim. In truth, he
was in morals soinethin!; between a jiander and
a l)e,'ifii:ar. — M.\CAtTi,.\Y'8 E\(i., ch. 15.
409. BEGGARS, Malicious, h'lii/fimil. [In
l.')4i) the wanderini; heifijars cut off the ears of
people, burnt frames of tindier j)repared for the
erection of a buildiuij, cut fla; heads of ponds
and conduits ; l)urnt carts laden with charcoal ;
.set fire to heaps of felled wood ; barked apple
and )K'ar trees, and cut out thetonijuesof cattle.J
— Knight's Eno., vol. 2, ch. :2s, ji. 471.
500. BEGGARS, Professional. Minhx. Tii the
first century of llieir institution, the infidel Zo-
.simus has maliciously obsc : ved, that, for the
benefit of thi; poor, the Christian monks had re-
duced a ^reat i)art of mankind to a state of
be^^irary. — Oibijon's Romk, ch. ;{7.
501. BEGGARS punislied. Whippid. [Those
who solicited alms without license were to he
whipped and .set in the stocks.] But if anj'
person beini^ whole in body and able to labor
was found be^;jrin,u, ever}' such idle ])erson was
t<' iiL ..hii)pe(l at the end of a cart, and enjoined
to return to the place where he was born, or
where ho last dwelt for three years, and there put
him.self to labor as a true man oweth to do.
He w;is to l)eir his way home ; but if lie wan-
dered from the prescribed way, or e.xcec'ded the
])rescribe(l times in his j)erilous journey, he was
in every place to be taken and whipped. —
KxKiiiT's Eno., vol. 2, ch. 2\, p. 342.
502. . Sltarn/. [From i:)84 to
1531] vaijabonds were put in the stocks. Then
the whip was added to the stocks. In 1.586 the
whip was a luild i)uni.shment, to which mutila-
tion and death were sujiplemented. But even
the cart's tail, the butcher's knife, aiul the liani;'-
iiian's noose inspired no ade(pi;ite dread. ... In
1545. . . it is ])rovided that every man or woman,
not beini^ ])revented from workby old aire, lame-
ness, or tli.sease, who shall be found loiterinjr or
wanderinir, and not .seekiui; work during three
days, or who shall Iciive work when entraged,
may be lawf\illy apprehended and be brought
before two justices of the peace ; who, upon con-
fession, or the proof of two witnesses, shall im-
mediately cause the said loiterer to be marked
with a hot iron in the breast, the mark of V, and
adjudge the .sjiid jierson, living .«<) idly, to be his
slave. The pre.scntor, as he is called, is to have
and hold the slave for two years; and, only
giving him bri'ail and water and refuse food, to
" cause the said slave to work, by beating, chain-
ing, orotherwise." [If hf runs away, after con-
viction, he shall be liranded on the forehead or
ball of the chei'k with a hot iron, making an H ;
he is then to be a slave for life. If he runs away
the second time, he is to sulTer death as a felon.
Infant begirars mav be bound to the .service of
any jH-rson who will take them — tlu; males till
they are twenty-four anil tli(! females till they
aretweiitv vears old. |— Kxioht's Eng., vol. 2,
ch. 2H, p."4"7(>.
50JI. BEGGARS, Scheme for. ('"i/iif linm/iml.
Bavaria was then infested with beggars, vaga-
bonds, and thieves, native and foreign. Thesi;
mendicant tram])s were in the main stout,
healthy, and able-bodied fellows, who found a
life of thievish indolence i)leasanter than a life
of honest work. " These detestable vermin had
recoursi! to the most diabolical arts and tlu!
u)ost horrid crimes in the i)ro.secution of their
in famous trade." They robbed, they stole, maim-
ed and e.\i)osed littk- children, .so as to extract
monej' from the tender-hearted. All this must
be i)Ut an end to. Four regiments of cavalry
were .so cantoned that every village had its ]>a-
trol. This dis])osition of the cavalry wa.s ante-
cedent to .seizing, as a begiiniing, all the beggars
in th(; capital. [At JVIunich he established a
]>au]ier workhouse, Avell ordered, clean, andgavw
instruction and encouragement. It paid exptmses,
and relieved the; government and helped the
poor.] — TVND.M.I.'S CoiNT BiMKOllI).
504. BEGINNING, Discouragement at the.
Pi/f/riiiiM. On Monday, the lltli of December —
old* .style 1620— the Filgrim Fathers landed at the
Bock of I'lymouth. It was now the dead of
winter. There was an ince.s.sant storm of sleet
and snow, and the hou.seless immigrants, already
enfoobled by their sulferings, fell a-dying of
hunger, cohl, and exposure. After a few days
.spent in explorations about the coast, a site was
selected near the first landing, some trees were;
felled, the snowdrifts were cleared away, and on
the Dth of .lanuary the heroic toilers began to
build New Plymouth. Every man took on him-
.self the work, of making his own house ; but the
ravages of disea.se grew daily wor.se, strong arms
fell powerless, lung fevers and consumptions
wasted every family. At one time only seven
men wen; able to v.-ork on tlii! sheds whicii were
building for shelter from the storms ; and if an
early s])ring had not brought relief, tlu; colony
must have perished to a man. — Bidi'atii's U. S.',
ch. 7.
505. BEGINNING, A pious. lirfiirnxidoii. TIih
theses of Dr. Martin Luther were re.'id all over
(Tcrmany. Numerous strangers who attended
the anniversary festival of consecration at Wit-
tenberg, in order that they might adore the many
relics and other .sacr(!d treasures of the church,
carried the news with them to their homes. U|)
to this time no one had been willing to bell the
cat I Great as was the discontent at tho shame-
less proceeding.s of the traders in indulgences,
eiiually great was the fear of opposing the Pope
and the Church. But Luther .said : " Whoever
will begin anything good, let him see to it that
he begin and venture it in reliance upon the
favor of God. and never iipon human comfort or
a.ssistance ; let him not fear any man — no, not
nKGINXING— HKNKFACTOKH.
01
the whole world !" Kv( lywlicrc r.iithcr'H theses
fotirul prepared ^rouii<l. Every vvlieie they were
spoken of, imd witli aiixiouH concerii was he re-
/fiirded wlio had ventured vipon so lM)ld a step !
TliuH tlie name of the fearless Aiiiruslniian monk
passed rapidi)' from Tiation to iiation, and many
an in(piirv was lieard about the antecedents and
the experiences of the man who had presumed
to tak(! issue with the I'oim! and Ids adherents.
— Ukin's LlTllKK, eh. 1.
500. BEGINNING, A small. Ainn-ir<nt If.mlu-
tiiiu. A iSlamp Act to raise .tOO.tMM) i)r()(luced
awarfhatcost tlOO.OOO.OOO. . . . " What miirjily
contest.s ris(^ from trivial thin.u;s !" — Ivnioiit's
En(i., vol. (5, ch.
sor.
1(1, p. 271.
lio)nit)in. [A revolution from
n blow.] Anud the ruins of Italy the famous .Ma
ro/.ia invited yne of the usurpers to assume the
character of lu^r third husband ; and Hu^jjh, Kinu;
of Burf^undy, was introduced by her faction
into th(! mole of Hadrian or castle of St. Anijelo,
which conunands the principal bridirc; and en-
trance of Home. Her son by the first marriafre,
Alberic, was comiwlled to attend at the nuptial
haiujuet ; but bis reluctant and imji^raceful service
wtus clia.sti.sed with a blow by his new father. The
Mow was i)roductivc of a I'evolution. " Ro-
mans," exclaimed the vouth, "once you were
Ihe masters of the world, and these Burj^undians
the most abject of your slaves. They now
reign, these voracious and brutal .savag(!S, and
jny injury is the commencement of your servi-
tude." The alarum bell rang to arms in every
(iuart(!r of tlu; city ; the Burgundians retreated
with haste and shame ; Marozia was imprisoned
by her victorious son, and his brother. Pope
John XL, was reduced to the exercise of his
spiritual functions. — Gihuon's Uomk, ch. 49.
«0». . War. [The Duke of Guise;
li'ft] his chateau of Joinville with a retinue of
two hundred well-armed gentlemen ; the duke
Imlted, on the 1st of March, 1562, at the little
town of Va.ssy in Champagne, where, the <lay
being Sunday, the Protestants were as.sembled
for divine service. The duke's attendants, by
his orders, interrupted and tried to stop the he-
retical worship ; the sectaries resisted, and a
tierce brawl ensued. The duke, followed by his
officers, hurried to the spot, and wa.s as.sailed by
a shower of .stones, one of which struck him on
the cheek. His enraged soldiers now tired iipon
the unarmed multitude ; the carnage was fearful ;
60 persons were slain outright, and upward of
2()0 more grievously wouncled. Such was the
" mas.sacre of Va.ssy," which, whether premedi-
tated or accidental, was the first act of the civil
and religious w.irs of France. — Sti:i)knts'
FuANCK, ch. 16, t; 5, p. 834.
509. BELLS, ImpresBive. Xa/Kdron. T. One
day when this matter [of religion] was under
earnest discussion in the council of State, Na-
poleon said : " Last evening I was walking alone;
in the woods, amid the solitude nf nature. The
tones of a distant church bell fell upon my ear.
Involuntarily I felt deep emotions — so powerful
is the influence of early habits and a.s.sociations.
I said to my.self. If I feel thus, what must be the
influence of such impressions upon the popular
mind ? Let your philosophers answer that if
they can. It is absolutely indispensable to have
a religiou for the people." , , , Says Bourri-
eime, " I have l)"en twenty times witness to tlin
singular elTect which tlm sound of a bell had on
Napoleon." — Aruiorr's N.vroi.i:uN B., vol. 1,
ch. 2'.\.
AlO. BELLS Bubstituted, Ifiiman Voire. [Ma-
homet <'Stablished) the usage; which subsists
still, of calling the faithful to jirayer by a signal
which unites the people, at the same hours, in
the same aspiration. It was llrst proposed him
to employ Ihe trumpet which used to call tin*
.Jews to the temple ; then the creaker that convok-
ed the Christians before llu; invention of bells.
He preferred, afler long hesilntions, the human
voice, that living signal, that a])i)eal from soul
to soul, which gives to sf)unds the ace'cnt of in-
telligence; anel jiie'ly. He institnte'el the- mue-z/in,
who are' se'rvitors e)f the' me)seiue', .sele'cle'd feyrtlu;
amplituele' and se)ne)rity e)f the'ir ve)ie'e. to mount
the' summit eif the' minare-ts and e'hant fre)m e)n
high »ipe)n e'ity anel upe)n ceamtry the' he)ur of
prayer. — Lamahtink's TruKiov, p. 104.
511. BENEFACTOR, Praise of. Ahrnltum T.in-
rolit. The-ir maste'i's lle'el ui)e)n the approae'h e)f
e)ur soleliers, anel this gave- the' slaves a e;one'e'ptie)n
of a powe'r gre^ale'r than the'ir maste'rs e'xe're;ise!el.
This pe)weT llu'y ealh'd " Ma.ssa Liukum." Ce)l-
one'l M(;Kaye; saiel . . . e)n a certain elay, when
there was quite a large- gathe'ring e)f the pe'e)ple
[in tlu'ir jiraise' he)use'], ce)nsiele'rable ce)nfusie)n
wius e'reate'el by elitfere'iit persons alte-mpting te*
te'll who and what " Mas.sa Linkum " was. . . .
" Bre;elerin," said he [their white'-haire'el le'aeler],
"you de)n't know ne)se'n' what you'se talkin'
'be)ut. Now, yeui just listen to me. Massa Lin-
kum, he ebe'ivwhar. He know eberyt'ing."
Then sole-mnly ]e)f>kingui), he aeldeel : " }lr iral/c
(fe earf like (le l/)rd!" . . . Mr. Line'oln was
very much affeeteel by this aecenmt. He elid
not .smile, as anejther might have-elone, but got up
from his chair and walke'd in silence two e>r three
times acre)ss the floor. As he re'sume'd his seat,
he saiel, very impressively : "It is a momentous
thing to be' thein.strument, imeler Pntvieh'nce, of
the liberatiemof araee." — Kaymonu's Lincoln,
p. 784.
513. BENEFACTORS opposed. ./(Idh:'* Har-
groiim. [The inventea- e)f the' ce)tton e-areling
machine.] A man was about to be e'xe'eute;d at
Cork for .sttaling. On the a])pe)inte'el day thei
weavers, wlu) we're' she)rt e)f we)rk, anel attribut-
eel the hard times to ce)tte)n, gathere'ei abe)ut the
galle)ws, anel eiresse-el be)th the criminal and the
e'xee-utioner i?i e'e)ttoii cle>th, to mark the'ir con-
tempt anel abhe)rrene'e e)f it, anel to make the;
wearing e)f it elisgrae'cful. The criminal, sj-m-
])athizing with the' e)bje'et, delive'reel the' folle)w-
ing aeldre'ss just be'fore being turne'd otT : " Give
e-ar, O gooel jjcople, te) the we)rels of a ely-
ing sinne'r. I e'e)nfess I have be'en guilty e)f
what nee'e'ssity compi'lleel me te) e'omniil ; whie'li
starving cemeiltie)!) I was in, I am we-ll assureel,
was e)ccasie)ni'el by the scarcity of me)ne'y, that
has pre)ce;eeled fremi the great disce)uragement e)f
eair woollen maiuifactiu'cs. Therefore-, goe)el
Christians, cenisielerthat, if you go on tosui)pre.ss
your own ge)e)els by wearing such cottons as lam
now cle)tbeel in. you will bring your ce)untry in-
to mi.sery which will con.scquently swarm with
such unhappy malefactors as your jiresent object
is, and the l)le)od of every miserable felon that
will hang after this warning will lay at your
ca
TJENEVOLENCK.
door." [LciiiHliitioii followed unfriendly to eol-
ton-weavinij.J — Cyclopkdi.v oK Hiod., p. 704.
513. BENEVOLENCE, Aooesi by. John How-
tivd. After iitt('m])tinj.j in sain to j^ain iutcsm to
other ))risons in Paris, he wa.s so fortunate as to
discover an ancient royid decree, which <lirected
jailers to admit to prisons under their charge all
jxir.sons desirous of givin;.^ alms to prisoners, and
to permit them to giv(! tluiir alms into the i)ris-
oners' own liands. Armed with this decree, he
obtained access to all the prisons of Paris, excei)t
the imiKnetrablo Bastile. — Cyci-oi'EDIA of Jiroo-
iiAriiY, ji. 48.
514. BENEVOLENCE, Beauty of. Ahrnhim
Linroln. Hon. Tlmddeus St(!vens called with an
elderly lady in j^reat trouble, whose son had bei'n
in the army, but for some offence had been court-
niartialeil and sentenced either to death or im-
prisonment. . . . After a full hearins;, the Pres-
ident . . . jirocnoded to execute the paper [urant-
in^ ]>ar(lon]. The gratitude oi the mother was
loo dee]> for expression, save by her tears, atid
not a word wa.s .said between herand Mr. Stevens
until they were half way down the stairs . . .
when she suddenly broke forth in an excited
manner with the words, " Iknewit wasacopper-
liead lie !" " What ilo vou refer to, madam ?"
asked Mr. Stevens. "\Vhj', thev told me he
was an ugly-lookinji; man," she replied, with vehe-
mence. " He is the handsomest man I ever saw
in my life 1" — Raymond's Lincoln, p. 738.
515. BENEVOLENCE, Blessing on. Otiirald.
[The Northumbrian king.] For after-times the
memory of Oswald's greatness was lost iu the
memory of his piety. ' ' By reason of his con-
stant liabit of praymg or giving thanks to the
Lord, he was wont wherever he sat to hold his
hands upturned on his knees." As he fea-sted
with Bishop Aidan by his side, the thegn or no-
ble of his war-band, whom he had sent to give
alms to the poor at his gate, told him of a mul-
titude that still waited fasting without. The
king at once bade the untasted meat before him
to be carried to the poor, and Jus silver dish be
jiarted piecemeal among them. Aidan seized the
royal hand and blessed it. " Maj' this hand," he
cried, "never grow old." — Hist, ok EN(i. Peo-
ple, tj 50.
516. BENEVOLENCE a Business. J»hti Iloir-
ard. From 1778 to 177(5 Howard's chief employ-
ment was to pursue his investigations into the
conditions of the prisons of Great Britain. In
the course of those three years he personally and
most thoroughly inspected everj' prison in the
three kingdoms that offered any ]K'culiarity. He
travelled ten thousand miles at his own expense,
mid delivered from i)rison a large number of
poor debtors by paying their debts. Wherever he
■went he brougiit some alleviation to the lot of the
prisoners liy gifts of money, Ijread, meat, or tea,
and b_y remonstrating with jailers, surgeons,
chaplains, and magistrates. Several prisons un-
derwent a complete renovation and reforma-
tion solely ill conse((uence of his conversations
with county magistrates and circuit judges. — Cy-
clopedia oE Biod., J). 4.').
517. BENEVOLENCE, Christian. Itcign of
J(inu-t ir. [The Duke of Monnioulh was defeat-
ed and his adherents imprisoned.] The jails of
Somersetshire and Dorsetshire were filled with
thousands of captives. The chief friend and
iirotector of these unhappy men iu their extrem-
ity was one who abhorred their religious and
liolitical opinions, oiu^ whose order tliev hated,
and to whom they had done uiiiirovokcif wrong,
Bishop Ken. I'liat good prelate; used all his in-
tluence to soften the jailers, and retrenched from
his own e])isco|)al stale that la; might be able to
make .some addition to the coarsi; and .scanty faro
of those who had defaced his beloved cathedral.
His conduct on this occasion was of a pi((ce with
his whole life. His intellect was indeed dark-
ened by many sup<'rslilions and jirojudices; but
his moral character, when impartially reviewed,
sustains a comiiari.son with any in ecclesiastical
history, and .seems to approach a.s near as human
intirmity ])erniits to tli(! ideal perfection of Chris-
tian virtue. — .Macai lay's En(i., ch. 5.
5I§. BENEVOLENCE, Consoientious. JohnWcs.
It'll. It is estimated that he gave away in the
course of his life more than !ii!l.'0,(K)0. [Princi-
pally the income from his literary works. When
the Commi.ssioners of Exci.sc; wrote him,] " Wo
cannot doubt that you have jilate, for which
you have hitherto neglected to make an entry,"
his laconic reply was. " I havi; two silver tea-
spoons at London, and two at Bristol ; this is all
the plate which I have at jjresent, and I shall
not buy any more while so many around mo
want bread." — Stevens' Methodism, vol. 1,
p. 2«7.
519. . MiU-y FlitcJicr. [The wid-
ow of Kev. John Fletcher was as economical as
she was benetolent. I ler expenses never amount-
ed to S,ii a year. During the last year of lier
life a friend who made up her accounts reports,]
that her whole expenditure, on her own apparel,
amounted to 19s. 6rf. Her "poor account" for
the same year amounted to nearly £183. — Ste-
vens' Methodis.m, vol. 3, p. 238.
520. . Lady Huntingdon. Lady
Huntingdon . . . gave away, for religious pur-
poses, more than $500,000. She sold all her
jewels, and by the proceeds erected chapels for
the poor. t§he relincjuished her aristocratic
equipage, -cr expensive residences and liveried
servants, that lier means of usefulness might be
more ample. She purchased theatres, halls,
and dilapidated chapels in London, Bristol, and
Dublin, and litted them up for public worship.
New chapels were erected by her aid in many
places in England, Wales, and Ireland. — Ste-
vens' Methodis.m, vol. 1, p. 168.
521. BENEVOLENCE, Disinterested. Samvd
Johnmn. A literary lady, of large fortune, was
mentioned as one who did good to many, but liy
no means " by stealth ;" and instead of " blush-
ing to tiiid it fame," acted evidently from vanity.
Johnson: " I have seen no beings who do as
much good from benevolence as she does from
whatever motive. If there are such under the
earth, or in the clouils, I wish they would come
up, or come down. . . . No. sir ; to act from pure
benevolenc(! is not possilile for finite beings.
Human benevolence is mingled with vanity, in-
terest, or some other motive." — Boswell's
Johnson, p. 301.
522. BENEVOLENCE displayed. Carthagin,-
i(im. The Bislio]) of ('arthag(.', from a society
less opulent than that of Pome, collected 100,000
sesterces (al>ove £850 sterling) on a sudden call
HENEVOLENCE.
G3
of olmrity to n'dccm tlus bnfllircti of Numidia,
wlio liiid been curried ivwiiy captivcH by lliu bar-
burians of the desert. Aboula liuiuired years be-
fore the rei^ni of Decius, the Uoinaii churth
liad "received, in n siii^'le donation, tlie wun of
200,000 sesterces from a stranger of Pontus,
who proposed to lix his residence la tlic cai)ital.
— Gibbon's Romk, ch. 15.
ff33. BENEVOLENCE, Enforced. By Fine.
[James I. souglit financial nflief by a " Henfivo-
lence," a.slt was called — the solicitation of gifts.l
Mr. Oliver 8t. John declined to contribute, and
wrote a letter settinjj forth his reasons for re-
fusal, lie was brought into the Star-(y'hamber,
and fined in the sum of £5000. — Knuhit's Eno.,
vol. 3, ch. 23, p. 303.
A94. BENEVOLENCE, Example of. Matwmct.
lie laid up no treasure ; he distributed the whole
produce of the tithe, which he established upon
general property and the spoils of war, between
his soldiers and the poor. lie had maile, for bis
own part, a vow of poverty. lie gave all that
he received to the bands and hearts of the poor,
to keep for him, as dejiositaries, charged to give
all back in heaven. The appurtenances of his
liou.se, the porticos adjacent to the nioscpie, the
courts of the edifice, were one vast hospital,
where the j)oor, the widows, thi; orphans, the in-
firm, could be .seen waiting for nourishment or
medicine. They were called tlu! " guests of the
bench," because they pa.s.sed their life seated or
lying on the benches of the jirophet's house
fivery night the prophet visited them, comforted
them, clad them, fed them with his barley bread
and dates. He brought daily u certain number
of them into the house, to take their repa.st with
him. He distributed the others, as guests of God,
among the wealthiest of his disciples. — Lamau-
tine's Turkey, p. 153.
535. BENEVOLENCE, ExcesBive. Sowing Girl.
George Miiller then prayed for a hou.se, for suit-
able helpers to instruct and take care of the
children, and that £1000 sterling might be
given liim. On the very next day, December
6, 1835, the first donation was received — namely.
Is. — from a poor missionary then visiting at his
liouse. ... A few days afterward a poor
young woman, who earned about 4s. weekly by
her needlework, contributed .£100, but her dona-
tion was courteously declined. When sent for
and spoken to on the subject, she stated that
this money was jiart of a little i)roperty recently
left her by her grandfather, who had died ; and
that, feeling deeply interested in the contemplateil
Orphan Work, it was her desire to give this £100
toward the Orphan Fund ; but jVIr. Aliiller still
refused to accept the contribution. " You are
weak and sickly," .said he, " and may need this
money for yourself. I fear you have acted hasti-
ly, and may regret the step hereafter." Her reply,
however, was, " Ihavewell weighed the matter ;
the Lord Je.sus freely shed His precious blood
for me, a poor, lost sinner, and shall I not in re-
turn show my love and gratitude to Him by
giving Him this little sum ? li^ither than this
Orphan Work should not come to pass, I would
give every penny I pos-scss toward it." After
reasoning further with her on the subject, and
finding .she wa.s thoroughly decided, heat length
reluctantly accepted the £100. — Life of Geougk
MiJi^LEit, p. 27.
546. BENEVOLENCE by Faith, (irori/,^ .)tim,T.
[In his Orphan Work. | He began with one (lay-
school, liut on May 2(1, 18H2, we had sevcMity-two,
of which thirteen wen^in Hpain, atteiui(;d by near-
ly one thou.sand (/atholic children ; one was in
Italy, five were in the East Indies, six in Demerara
and Essecjuibo, and the others were 8<;attered
throughout England and Wales. He began with
one Sunday-school ; on May 20, 1882, there were
thirty-eight connected with tlu! in.stitution. One
adult scliool only was founded at its commence-
ment, but on May 2(1. 1882, there were six.
There were then also in all the various school.i
nine thousand six hundred and sev(!nty-one
IHipils, and from the formation of the institu-
tion up to that time, eighty-(;ight thousand one
hundred and nineteen children or grown-up
persons have been taught in these one hundred
and sixteen schools. All of them were estab-
lished simjily through the instrumentjilfly of
pra3'er and faith ; and though the annual ex-
penditure coimected with them has for many
years been £95(M), no one has ever been asked
to contribute toward their supi)ort, and every
shilling continucH to \w. obtained in the .same
manner. — Life ok Gkoiiok MUli-eii, p. 24.
5ar. BENEVOLENCE, Forced. Altam of the
('kurch('«. [When the Duke of Guise (captured
Calais from the English, he made a proclamation,
charging the inhabitants, in the name of the
French King, that] all and every person that were
inhabitants of the town of Calais, having about
them any money, plate, or jewels to the value of
one groat, to bring the same forthwith, to lay
down upon the high altars of the chur(;hes, upon
pain of death ; bearing them in hand also that
they should be searched. By reason of which
l^roclamation there was made a great and sorrow-
ful offertory. — KNioirr'a Eno., vol. 3, ch. 7, p.
104.
53S. BENEVOLENCE, Frustrated. James II.
The king was bitterly mortified by the large
amount of the collection [for the persecuted
Huguenots] which had been made in obedience
to his own call. He knew, he said, what all
this liberality meant. It was mere Whiggish
spite to himself and his religion. He had al-
ready resolved that the money should be of no
use to tho.se whom the donors wished to benefit.
. . . The refugees were zealous for the (/'alvini-stic
(lis(!ipline and worship. James therefore gave
orders that none should receive a crust of bread
or a basket of coals who did not first take the
.sacrament according to the Anglican ritual. It
is strange that this inhospitable act should have
been devised bv a i)rince who affected to con-
sider the Test Act as an outrage on the rights of
con.science ; for however uiu'casonable it may be
to establish a sacrame'.tal test for the purpose of
a.scertaining whetluT men are fit for civil or
military oliice, it is surely much more uiu'ciuson-
al)le to establish a sacramental test for the pur-
])ose of a.scertaining whether in extreme distress
tlii'V are fit oi)jei'ts of charity. — Macaulay's
E.\(J., ch. (5.
529. BENEVOLENCE, Generous. Ciinon. [An
Athenian general and. statesman.] Cimoii . . .had
acqtiired a great fortune, and what he had gained-
gloriou.sly in the war from the enemy he laid out
with as much reputation upon his fellow-citizens.
He ordered the fences of his fields and gardens to
G4
HKN'KVOI-KNCK.
1)0 thrown down, tliitt Htmngors, nn well m IiIh
own coniitryinfn, iiiifrlit freely partake of IiIh
fniit. He had ii supper provided at, Ids house
every (hiy, in wideii tiio disiies were i)lain, lad
Butlleieiit for a nuillilnde of t'liesls. Kvery poor
citi/.itn repaired to it at pleasure, and liaii liis diet
■williowt can; or troul)le ; Ity wldeli means lie was
t'liahled ton;ive proper iiltenlion to pidtlie alTairs.
Aristotle, itidr'cd, says this supper was not pro-
vided for all the citizens in ^jeiM'ral, liiit only for
tliose of Ids own trilie, winch was tliat ol" Lacia.
Wlien h(! walked out he used to liave ii retinue
of younjj men, well clolhcd ; and it' he liappened
to meet an ii^ed citizen in a nienn dress, lu" or-
dered some one of them '■} cl-an^'i^ clotlies with
Idin. Tins was^reatand nohle. Mut liesidcMlus,
tlie name attendants carried wilh them a(piantily
of money ; and wlieii Miey met in the market-placid
■witli any necessitous person of tolerable ajjpear-
unco, they took care to slip some pieces into Ids
Land us privately as po^>.il)le, — I'mtaiuii.
530. BENEVOLENCE, 06..uine. J)>: Wilno,,.
TIjc iK'nevolent Dr. Wilson once discok-ered a
clerj^yman at Hath wlio, Uc was informed, was
siek, poor, and had a numerous fandly. In tlie
t'veidn^'' lie pive u friend foO, recpiesting him
to deliver it in the most delicate manner, and
as from an unknown person. The friend .said,
" I will wait uj)on him early in the moriun^."
" You will ohli^^e me, sir, hy callinjj directly.
Think of what imi)()rtance a good night'.s rest
may be to that poor man."
A3I. . CiithrincWilkinson. In 1882,
■when the cholera first apixiured in En/^land, there
"was a poor woman named Catherine Wilkinson,
who was .so inipre.s.sed wilh the necessity of
cleanliness as a pn^ventive t(< the di.sea.se, that
she encouraj?(!d lier neif^hbors to come to her
comparatively better hou.se, which comprised a
kitchen, a parlor, three .small b(!d-chand)ers, and
a yard, for the purpose of wa.shing and drying
their clothes. The good that was manifest in-
duced some benevolent persons to aid lier in ex-
tending her oiK'rations. The large amount of
wa.shing done in one week in a cellar, under the
superintendence of this excellent woman, repre-
sented the amount of disease and discomfort kept
down l)y her energetic desire to do good with-
out pecuniary reward. Such was the origin of
public baths and wash-hou.ses, which Catherine
Wilkinson had tlie satisfaction of .seeing matured
in Liverpool in 184(5, in a large establishment
under the corporation, to tlu; superintendence of
which she and lier husl)and wen; appointed. —
Kniokt's En(}., vol. 8, ch. 23, j). 898.
53a. BENEVOLENCE, Incorporated for. Colony
ofOeorgid. [James ()glethori)e planned the col-
ony as an a.syhnn for tlu; jioor, for imprisoned
debtors, and for i)er.secuted Protestants. ] A char-
ier .. . i)laccd it, for twenty -one years, under the
guardianslup of a corporation, " in trust for the
poor." The common .seal of tlie corporation,
having on one .side a group of silk-worms at their
toils, with the mf)tto, Non sifti, Kcd aim — ' ' Not for
themselves, l)ut for others" — expres.sed thedi.sin-
terested purpose of the patrons. — Banckoft's
U. S., vol. 3, ch. 24.
533. BENEVOLENCE injurions. Constantino-
ple. [Constantine tlie Great encouraged emigra-
tion to Constantinople by Ids great libiiralitv.]
The frequent and regular distrilintions of wine
and oil, of corn or bread, of money or proviMionn,
haci alnioHt excmjited the poorest citizen of Homo
from the necessity of labor. Thi' magniticenco
of IIk tlrst ('M'sars was in some measure imitated
')V tile founder of Constantinople ; but his lilM'r-
alily. however it m'Lrhl excite tin- applause of
the |)eople, has incurred the censure of posterity.
The annual tribute of .urn imposed u|)oii Kgypt
Alls applied to feed a Inzy and insolent |)oople.
— (Jiniio.Nx. l{i)..ri;, ch. 17.
531. BENEVOLENCE Iniulted. A h rn h a m
[J.iiriihi. |.\ cashiered olUccr was ]ii'rmilted to
visit Mr. Lincoln twice to argue a defence. Hy
his own showing he proved the justice of lii.s
punisliment. Me took much jirecious timn at
each interview. lie forced his way tlu! third
lime beforethe PrcHideiit.and weiitoverlliesanio
argument. iMr. Lincoln made no replv.] Turn-
ing very a1)riiptly, he said : " Well, ilr. Presi-
dent, 1 see that you are fully determined not to
dome justice."' Tliis was too aggravating for
Mr. Tiiiicoln. Manifesting, liowever. no more
feeling than tliat indicated liy u sliglil comi)re.s-
sion of tli(! lips, he very (luielly aro.se, , . . and
then suddenly seizing the defunct ollicer by the
coat-collar, he marched him forcibly to the door,
saving, as he ejected him, . . . " Sir, I give you
fair warning never to show yourself in tliis room
again. I can liear censurr-, Imt not insult I" —
U.wmond's Lincoln, p. 74U.
535. BENEVOLENCE an Investment. Spin-
iwrn. [Samuel Ci'omi)toii endeavored to coiu^eal
his secret after inventing the "mule," which
uftervard revolutionized the manufacturo of
cotton. But his su|)erior yarn uwakened sus-
picion. Manufacturers sought admission to Ids
house ; they climlied up to the windows to look
in. So great was his embarrassment, that he was
obliged to destroy the machine or give it to the
public] The manufacturers made a subscrip-
tion "as u reward for his improvement in spin-
ning." . . . Till! wholt! sum subscribed was
£67, 6/t. M. The li.st is curiou.sly interesting, as
containing among the half-guinea subscribers
the names of many Bolton firms now of great
wealth and eminence as mule-spinners, whose
colossal fortunes may be .said to have been
based upon this singularly small investment. —
Knights Eng., vol. 7, ch. 3.
536. BENEVOLENCE, Joy of. Ahrahnm Lin-
coln. One night Schuyler Colfax left all other
bu.siness to a.sk him to respite the son of a, con-
stituent who was .sentenced to be shot . . . for
desertion. He heard the story, though he was
wearied out with inces.sant calls, . . . and then
replied: "Some of our generals cimiplain that
I impair discipline and subordination in the army
by my pardons and respites ; but it makes mo
rested after a hard day's work, if I can find
some good excuse for saving a man's life, and I
go to bed happy as I think how joyous the
signing of my name will make liim and his
family and his friends." And witli a hapi)y
smile beaming over that care-furrowed face, ho
signed the name that saved that life. — Hay-
mond's Lincoln, p. 7'"
537. . . ichael Faraday.
When Faraday began to be famous in Eng-
land as a chemist, he was frequently applied
to by men of business to analyze substiinces and
perform other operations in what is called com-
UENKVOr-KNfK.
05
nicrcial clirmlsiry. Tliis kiixl of liiiMincsM in
(Teas 'd to Hucli an cxlcnl thai an initnt'iisr foit-
line waH witliin his icacli, and lie fiaiiiil tlial In-
iniiMl, clioosc lictwi'cii p'lliiij,' nicaicy and invcsli-
f^atin;; scicnc)'. Having no cliildirn. and Ix'iti^r
lilcsscd willia wif(! who synipalhi/.rd with his
))urHuilM, il waM not ditlicull for him to cIioohc iIk!
noljlcr part. " 'I'Ihm .son of a iilacltsniith," savs
Ids friend 'ryndall, "and ainircnticfd to a l)ook-
l)ind('r, hud to dccidf lictwccn a fortune of
•tloO.UOO on tiie on(^ side, and ids undowered
xeienee on llie otiier. lie cliose tlie latl<'r, and
died a |)oor man. lint Ids was tlie ^dory of
lioldin;.'' aloft amon^ the nations (lie scientilie
name of Ln^land for a period of Ihirlv years."
And tins u'lory he enjoved ; hut far dearer to
Idin was the Iom which Ids siie<ess in cxtendinj:
the area of kiiowled^je hroui^rht him. "Tyndall,"
wdd he once, takin;;; his friend hv tlu* hand — the
liand that had just written a review of F'araday's
works — "Tyndall, the sweetest reward of my
"work is th(i sympathy aTul;jr(K)d- will which it has
caused to How in upon me from all (piartersof the
world." Of all the sons of men, those who ben-
efit mankind most and fxvl from mankind least
(that is, considerinij I he services they remler), an;
gemnni' men of Hci(Mice. The salary attached to
thi.s profes.sorsldp of chemistry, made forever
illustrious by Faraday's havinju' held it, was tH() a
year, Wn- uso of threi- rooms, with fuel and can-
dles enouirli to warm and li^ht them. — C^yci.oi'k-
1)1. \ OK \il(Hi., p. 7«").
538. BENEVCLENCE, Large. For Hunurnoh.
(JiimesII. had announced that u collection would
)L' Uiken in every church in the kinwlom for the
l)er.secuted Huguenots. It was designed for
political ends.] It had iK'cn expected that, ac-
cording to tlu) pnicticc usual on such occasions,
the people would be exhorted to liberality from
the pulpits. But James wa.s dcitermined not to
tolerate dcclftmations against his religion and his
ally. The Archbishop of Caiderhury was there-
fore commanded to inform the clergy that they
luu.st merely read the brief, and nuist not pr(!-
sume to preach on the sulTerings of the French
Protestants. Nevertheless, the contributions
were so large, that, after all deductions, the simi
of £40, (KK) was paid into llu; clunnber at London.
Perhaps none of the munificent sidvscriptions of
t)ur own ag(! has borne so great a proportion to
the means (jf the nation. [James frustrated its
upplicalion. See No. 527.] — ^I.\('.\L'i,Ay'8 Eno.,
ch. 6.
530. BENEVOLENCE, Ministerial. Thowai^
Coke. [Kev. Thomas Coke, LL.I)., the first
liishop of the 3Iethodist Church, won the title of
Jhe "Foreign Minister of jMethodism." lie
cro.ssed the Atlantic eighteen times, defraying
himself the e.xpen.ses. He rej)resente(l] in his
own j)ers()n, down to his death, the whole mis-
sionary operations of Methodism, as their otli-
cial and sole director, lavishing \ipon tlieni his
affluent fortune, and giving more money to re-
ligi(m than any other Methodist, if not any other
Protestant, of his times. Dying at last a veteran
of nearly seventy years, a ndssionary himself,
on his way to the fcast, lie was buried beneath
the waters of the Indian Ocean. — Stevens'
M. E. Cir., vol. 3, p. 104.
540. BENEVOLENCE misconstmed. Dr. Bute-
man. AVheu Oates, after his seoiu-ging, was car-
ried Into Newgate Insensible, and, as all thought.
I in the last agonv, . . . he had been bled, and
I his wounds had been dressed by Hateman.
'I'his was an otTence not to be forgiven. Hate-
man was arrested and indicted. The witnesHes
against him were men of infamous character —
tneii, too, who were swearing away their own
lives. iNoni! of Iheni had yet got his jiardon :
and it was a popular saying, that they llshe(l
for prey, lik(^ lame cormorants, with ropes round
tlicir necks. The jirisoner, stupelled by illni-ss,
was imable to articulate or to understand what
passed. Mis son and daughter stood by him at
the bar. They read as well as they could sonu)
notes which he had set down, and exandtied IiIm
witnesses. It was to little purpose. He was
convicted, hanged, and (iiairtered. — Macaulay'b
i'^Nd., ch. T).
511. BENEVOLENCE, Power of. Jo/,,i How-
fin/. No man, perhaps, has ever had such prnver
over criminals as .lohn llowaril. Tliere was a
terribl(> rebellion in one of the liOndcai prisons,
when two hundred ruUlans, driven mad by cru-
elty, were gathered in tin; prison-yard, threaten-
ing death to any man who sliould approach them.
Howard insisted on going in among them, and
did so, in spite of thi> advice of the jailers and
the entreaties of his friends. His very appear-
ance disarmed them, and they listened to his
(juiet and reasonabU^ remonstrances in n!spectful
silence. lU^ listened ftatiently in his turn to a re-
cital of their grievances, after which he pointed
out the folly of their attempting to resist the au-
thorities, advised them at once to submit, and
promised to make their complaints known. They
took his advii:e at length, and went peacefully
to their cells. — C'Yci.orEUiA ok Bioo., J). 57.
5'I3. BENEVOLENCE, Prematore. (toUlmiilh'H
Fdthfr. We were told that universal benevo-
lence was what first cemented society ; we were
taught to consider all tlu; wants of mankind as
our own ; to regard the hinnnnfare dirine with
affection and esteem ; he wound us up to be
mere machines of pity, and rendered us incapa-
ble of withstanding the slightest im]iidse made
either by real or fictitious distress. In a word,
we were perfectly instructed in the art of giving
away thousands befon^ wc; were taught the nec-
e.s.sarv (|ualillcations of getting a farthing. — lu-
VINgV CfoLDHMITH, cll. 2.
543. BENEVOLENCE, Pure. GoldMnith. He
was engaged to bri^akfast with a college inmate
one day, but failed to make his appearance. His
friend repaired to his room, knocked at the door,
and was bidden to enter. To his surpri.se h(!
found Goldsmith in bis bed, immersed to Lis
chin in feathers. A serio-comic .story explained
the circumstance. In the course of the preced-
ing evening's stroll he had met with a woman
with five children who implored his charity.
Her husband was in the hospital ; she was just
from the country, a stranger, and destitute,
without food or shelter for her hel])le.ss offspring.
This was too nuich for the kind heart of Gold-
sndth. He was almost as poor as herself, it i.s
true, and had no money in his pocket ; but he
J>rouglit her to the college gate, gave her the
blankets fnmi his l)ed to cover her little brood,
and part of his clothes he gave for her to sell and
purchase food ; and, finding himself cold during
the night, had cut open bis bed and buried him-
60
HKNKVOLKNCK.
-IllVINd'H Ooi.DHMITII,
fWflf nniong tlio fcutluns.-
ch. a.
A'I'l. BENEVOLENCE, Religloui. M,iho„ol.
Till' clmrily of tlic .MolutiiiinciluiiH (IcmiiiiiIs to iIh!
Hiiinml crcHtldii ; iiiid the Koriiri rciNuttilly in
rtilculcH, not iih ii tncril. but. iih ti strict, iiiiil iiidi.s-
nciiHiiliJt' (liitv, till- rclli t' of the iniii^'iiit itiid iiii
iDrtlllllltt'. MilllOIMCt, pl'l'lllt|IS, I.S till' lll||\ iuVV'
ffivcr will) jms tlclliicd lii(> precise meii.siin^ of
cimrity ; tiie slaiKlui'd may vary willi tiiedcuMce
and nature iif property, a.s it. eoiiNists eitlier in
iiKiiiey, ill corn or c.illle, In friiil.s or iiiercliiiM-
diHe ; Iml llie MuNMiilinaii does not ii<'<'oiii|)li^li
tlie law unless lie liestowsa ti nth of liis revenue ;
and it' his conscience accuses liini of fiiiiid or ex-
tortion, tlie teiilli, under tlie idea of re'^litulion,
Ih ciilar;red lo a.///'//(. IJeiievolenee is llie foun-
dation of justice, since we are forliid to injure
tlioM(> wliotn we are hound In assist. — (tiniioNH
AlAiio.Min', p. 'i^.
A'lA. . Hlnhop AcK't'iM. I Uoniaii
hiMtory iiientions| the charily ol ,i hisliop, A<'a-
t'ius of Ainida, whose name niiirlil liave<liLcni-
flcd the saintlv calenilar, shall not hv lost, in oh-
livioii. Boldly deelariii!,' that \,i>es of jrold and
silver are useless to a (}od who neither eats iiur
drinks, the generous prelate sold the plate of tlu;
church of Aiuida; employed tliei)riee in the re-
tlemptioii of seven thousand I'ci'sian captives;
Hupplied tlieii wants with atlVctional(! lilieniiiiy ;
and dismissed them to their native country. I"
inform their kin.irof tin' true spirit of the reli^r-
ion which he perseiaited. — Ghuion'm Ho.mI'
ch. :3','.
5'I0. . /,iiili/ /fiiiiliiif/doii. One day
at court the then I'rince of Wales asked Lady
("h.irlotte E , " Where is my liiidv lliinlinj:-
doii, that she is .so seldom here?" 'J'he lady of
fashion replied, wiihasneer, "I supjiose pray-
ini; with her he^c.t;'.'"'^." The ])rince shook his
liead, and sjud : " [.aiy Charlotte, when I am dy-
iiif^ I think I shall he !iai)py to sci/e tlu; skirt of
Lady lIuntinti:don'M mantle, to carr}- me up with
lier to heaven."
5.|7. BENEVOLENCE, Royal, h'mj). Tntjon.
He was liberal in his domUions to the people, but
they were not, like those of other em|)eri is, the
mean bribes of a des|)ot ; they were the largesses
of a benetieent i>rin(i', for the support of the
wrelclied and indigent. 'I'he cliildn ii of the
lioor Were educated at his expense, and it was
(■omputed that two niillions of destitute persons
were maintained from his private pnrsc. The--'
charges weresu|ii>lied liy a well-ordered eeonoiny
in his own fortune, and a regular adininistration
of the i>ubli(' tinances. He li\cd hiinself idways
with ancient simplicity, and he enriched the State
by a careful attention to ilie m lutest articles of
l)ublie expenditure. I'luler tliis excellent mode
of government everylbiiig enjoyed il.s due cou-
siduration. — TYTmcii's Hist., Hook 5, ch. L
54S. BENEVOLENCE, Self-sacrificing. John
Iloinivd. [IJeiiig .sent for. | he was determineil
logo. The rain was falling in toricnts — a cold
Decendier rain — and the wind was bkiwing a
gale. Ashecotdd not, without much delay, i)ro-
curcu vclucle, he mounted an old dray borseand
rode the twenty four miles through tin tempest.
He arrived to lind hi- i)atient dying [of hospital
feverj. He tried, however, some powerful medi-
ciru's upon her, with a view to i'xclh< nerspirii-
' tioii -.and, inortlertoasicrlaiii whethertfiey werrt
producing the wishcfl forelTect, hellfted the Im>(1-
elolhes an<l fell of her arm. As lie did so, tint
! etilnvia from her body was ho ofTeiiHive that ho
, could .scarcely endure It. She died wioii ii'lcr,
and he returned to Clierson. Three days later
he was seized with the same fever, 'lie' exhaus-
tion of his long and painful riile. iiiid the shock
to Ills feelings at lliidiii'..r his patient in the agonies
of death, had rendered his s\ stein liable to the
''ontagioii, which had sCiick dim, as lie believed,
at till! uiomeiil of his li'ingthe bedclothes. —
t'v( i.<>i'i:i>i.\ OK Miooii.Miiv, p. 70.
Mn. BENEVOLENCE, Byitematio. John UV/«-
/<.'/. When his own incoine v\ is but .t"t() a ear,
he gave away L'vJ ; when it was t'tiO, he >till con-
lliied his exiK uses |o M'*H, ami gave awav V<\~ ;
when it reached t'l'JO, he kept himself toliis old
allowaiic( , and gave away ,1'lt'J. The la.st inser-
tion ill his private journal, written with a freni-
blinghand, reiid.>< thus : " For upward of eiirhtv
six years I b.ive k- pt my accounls exactly ; I will
not attempt it any .'uiiger, being satistied with Ih'^
continual convictimi that I savt- all I e ni, and
giveall 1 (.111— that is, all 1 havi'." >ii';vKNs'
Mi;ti(oi)ism. vol. 1, ]). •,'(■»«,
aaO. BENEVOLENCE a Test. " Oinng—Un-
iii;/." A i)o(>r Christian woniiri living at -oino
• 'istiinri! from Uristol, a cripple, who began by
iiigone penny jir-r week out of her li'le cam-
p's to the work on Ashley Down, was so bles.se(l
and prospered by the l,ord, that in time she was
ab|(' to atford a weekly coiiiribution of six shil-
lings for th(( orphans. I [loii one <■ in.sion her
gift wa.s v rapjicd up in a little piece of paper, in-
sid(,' which these words wi re writti'ii : " (Jiee ;
f/iir ; (lire ; he, tirr f/ii'iiif/. If y»u an: liniif/. you
irillhr (jii'iiifi. T/ioKC irho ((!> not f/icirif/ iii' not
lirini/." — Lii''i: Ol'" GkohoI'; Miji.lku, p. 4:t.
551. BENEVOLENCE, Treasure of. Kpilnph.
The ('ititaph of Edward, su iianied, from Ids
misfortune, the blind, from his virtues, the (jood ,
earl, inculcates with much ingemiiiy a moral
sentence, whii ii may, however, ho abused by
thoughtless generosity. After a grateful com-
memoration (>' llie fifty-tive years of union and
happiness which be eiijoved witli .Mabel hi.s wife,
the good earl thus speaks from the tomb :
" What « (' gave, we have ;
What we s|ient, we Inid ;
^VIlal we left, we lost."
— (JiiiiioN's HoMi,. eh. 01.
5.V2. BENEVOLENCE, Unwise. />.'/.//. [A la-
dv wriies;| "Mrs. AVilliains was blind beforo
■she was aciiuainted with Dr. .lohnson. She had
many resources, though noiic very great. With
the .^li.ss Wilkinsons she generally pa.ssed a jiart
of the year, and received from them presents, and
from the tirst who wied a lega<y of clothes and
money. The last of tliein, .Mr .lane, left InnMiii
annual rent ; but from the bliiin' ring manner of
tlu; will, I fear she never reaped I lie beiietit of it.
That ladv left m()ne\ to erect an liospital for an
cient maids ; but the numln'rshe had allotted be-
ing too great for the donation, llie Doctor |,lohn-
sdii] said it woulil be better to expimge the word
niiiinttiin, and put in t<i utiirce such a number of
old maids. They asked him. What name .should
be given it ? He'replieil, ' Li I it be called ./'/i //.'/'.'«
Uhim ' — the name of a well-known tavern near
llKNKVOLENrE— HKl UOTHMKNT.
•;7
riuilHcn, In fomi(>r (liiyx. " .ohwri.i.'h John-
W)N, p. \2H.
AAil. , Ciialinn /'"'■'''•'//. Tlionms
Flrinin, ii Fi'imldii cid/.i'ii, wii"* on" of the Inid
ill^ lldvoClllrH u'. lllC |M'|'Ullir HcllClni'M of tllllt (ill)
I lilllH|, " for MciiiiiLT ilic poor to work " 'luil is.
Iiy in'ovidlii^ llii' l.'dior out of a ('oiiiinoii piililii
Hlock, wliiili coiilil not lu' providfd liy roiiiiiicr-
ciid ciiliTpriMc, iiiid tliiiH iiiri'i Msiii^r jirudnriiiiii
wldioiil, reference to the denmnil of Hie eon--iiin-
ers, or niMl<inn nioi'c poor liv dii'i' r>ellin.Lj llie
tirodiieerM lio Were i)reviowslv in tin inuriiel.
iNKiirr'M 1-,N<».. \ol. .">, ell. 1:1, p. 'io.";.
a«1 1. BEQUESTS for Spiritual Beneflti. h>,l,
m.iHlii'iil. r\.i). liriO-l-lMo, I Tlie will^ of liie pe-
riod iilTonl iinipie-iir)iiid)le evidence of (lie con-
Hiant i)re.senceof liic ,s|,irilMMl iiih i^er. , . . Meii-
eyM liequeatiied to llic iiiirli iillar of liie altltey or
parisli-eliiircli ; re(|iiienis to lie --iiid, in rieli ves(-
inenlM approprinted for llie special purpose, with
a yearly reward lo the laicsis ; ii neulv painted
iina>,'e of " ( )iir l,Md\ ," to lie set lip, with a lapn
«'ver lairidn;,' ; Hie cliinies in ihe sl'cplc to he re
|>aired ; a priest to have a house in dwell in and
at every meal to repeat the name i.f the testator,
that they (hat hear it nniy say, " (Jod have mercy
on liis sold," which ^'really may relieve him.
. . . It was this nndiiulilcd conlideiiee in the
prayers of the priesthood that made the i linrcli
so rich and poweifid. — Kmoiit's Kmi., \o!. 'i,
ch. H, p. P,>(j,
.■^•W. BEBEAVEMENT, Comfort in. Crow/r,//
Duriiif^ the periods liiiweeii Ilie paroxysms uf
the fever, he occupied llie time with lisieninu: lo
passaj^es from Ihe sacred volume, or liy a re-
si^iiecl or dcspaii'inir reference to the death of
his daiinhler. " Kead to nie." he saicl lo Ids
wife in one of those inlcrxals, "llie lipistlc of
St. Paul to the I'liilipiiians." She read tli. m'
word.s : " I know holli liow to he aliased, and I
know how to abound : everywhere and in all
things r am insiructed liolli to he full and to he
liuni^ry, holh to ahouiid and to siilTcr need. I
can do all ;hini;s llirou.irh ( lirist, which strenirtli
eneth me." The reader i)an-ed. " 'I'liat verse,"
said Cromwi'll, "once saved my life when the
death of my eldest horn, the infant Oliver,
pierced my heart liki' the sharp blade of ii pon-
iard." — I.AM.MrriM's ('itoMwi;i,i„ |>. 77.
A56. BEBEAVEMENT, Depression by, Sontln;/.
fllis .sou Herbert died wlien nine years old.)
From his early discipli;ie in Ihe stoical philosn-
])hy some help now was uained ; from his active
imd clastic mil d the iridii was more ; hut these
Would have been insutllcieiit to support him
tvilhout a hearlfelt and ever-present faith thai
Avhat he had lost was not lost forever. A irreal
change had indeed conic upon him. He set his
hous(! in order, and made arranucments as if his
own death were at hand, lie resolved not to he
unhappy, bu, the ,ioyousness of his disposition
had received I's dcatli-Wdund ; he felt as if he
had pa.sseil at ( iice from boyhood to the decline
of life. He tried dutifully to maki' head airaiiisl
hi.s (lc])re.ssi()n, but at times with poor success.
— Dow ukn's Sol Tin v. ch. (),
557. BEBEAVEMENT, Distress of. Abntham
Lincoln. Ill the spriiii,' of 1862 the President
spent .several days at F()rtre.s,s Monroe, awaitinji:
iiulitary operations on the Penin.sida. . . . His
favcjrite diversion was reading Shiikespearc , .
Olio (liiy . . . oiM^iiinK to Kinir .lohii, lie reml from
the third act flie puMmi>;e in which ('oiiMlamc Ih'
xMiilsher imprisoned boy. . . . Mr. Lincoln Miid :
" ('ol(aiel,(lidy<Mi ever dream of ii lost IrieittI, iiiid
feel that yoii were holding kW > et coiinniiiiloii
with that frleini, and yet havi^ i hiuI ci'.jsciouH
iicHs that It was not ii reality 't .Iiisl ho I dream
ci' my Ixiy Willie." (Hi "ume with emotiuii,
he (lr<>|.-i('d his heiid (Ui the table n ! ^obU'd
aloud -IC.wmond'k I.isioi.N, p. 7.")i;.
•VIM. BEBEAVEMENT, riotltious. V"''^
.\iii>. (Wlnu t^iK 1 n Anne lost li' i' hii-band,
.Mis. I'li'i'liiaii wi-ole:| her love to I he prince
seemed, ill the eyes of the world, to he pi'odii;-
loudly ;.'reat ; iiiiil ui' at us was the p.i-»ion of her
\ivU\', li< r stomal li wa.s jfrealer, for that very
day he died she ale three very larireaiil liearly
mc;ils. |Slie spent much of her linie in retlre-
rnciil ill the room where he loved to sit, but it,
was afterward discdvered that ii was owiiitj
to the cun\ eiiieiice which it gave !■> c.iurl ili-
trigiK rs to reach her liy Ihe back stairs.]
IvMiiir's Kn(i., vol. .'i. ( li. '^'-J, p :!;>!•
559. BEREAVEMENT, Forget' ag. r,iv('ii.
Aflcr diiiiii r I b . .lohiison w role a liiier to .Mrs.
'I'lirale, on the ilintli of her son. I snJd il would
he very dislressini; |n 'riiialc, but she would .sooii
foriz'cl it, as she had so many IIhiil's Io think of.
.loii.NsoN : ■■ No. sir ; 'I'liraie will forL-'ci it (Irst.
Sill' has niaiiv things llial slie nun/ think of. Ilfi
has many things that he ii 'int think of." This
was a very ,jusi remark upon tlic dinVreiit cirects
of those light jmrsuits which occupy a vacant
and easy mind, and those serious eii^am'iiieiits
M liieh arrest atlentiou and keep us from broinl-
ing over grief. — IJoswi^i.i.'s ,!oii.nson. p. 2^0.
500. BEBEAVEMENT, Memory of. I'j'ct
M'ordKirnrlli . " Uefcrring once, ' suys his friend
Mr. Aubrey (!(■ Verc, "to two yomiu- i hildren
iif his who had died n\\()nlf(irfi/i/ttirs prcvious-
i\ , he described Ihe details of their illiie»es with
an exactness and an impetuosji' of tiuuMed e.x-
cileliii lit silcli as mii;lit have en expected if
the bereaveiiieiit had taken place but ii few weeks
before. The la])se of time seemed to Iii\i' left
Ihe sorrow siil>merL;ed indeed, but siiU in all its
lirst freshness. Mvi.n's WoitDswoitrii, ch. S.
501. BEBEAVEMENT, Tears of. Jh,,.i./ UVA-
fifrr. In (bie tjme u dauglii. r was born to them,
the little (Ji.ice Webster who "is so wonderfully
precocious ;uid agreeable. I iiliappily. she in-
licritcd hei- iiiothei's delii;iir coiistitulioii, and
she died in cliildliood. Three tini in his life,
it is .Sill I, Daniel Webster wcpl > unvuisively.
()n(M>f these occasions was win ii he laid upon
tlu' bed this darling uirl, who had dieil in his
irms, and lurneil away from the sii:lii of her
Id'eless body. — Cvi i,oi'i;i)|.\ ui.' Hi<)(,., p. 4t!.").
502. BEBEAVEMENT, Weakness in, ./nncM
W'litt. \ His wife died when he was absent from
home. I .She had strugiilcd with liini through
l)o\-crty ; had often cheered his faintiiii;- spirit;
when borne down by doubt, peri)lexit\ . and dis-
a]>pointmenl ; and often afterwaiil he |>au.sed
on the threshold of his house, unable to siunmoii
coura.ire to enter the room where he was never
more to meet "the comfort of his life." — Smu.es'
BlUKK HlOOUAI'IlIKS, ]). !5H.
50J. BETBOTHMENT, Early. Firsf li.Aert
I\d. William Vates' eldest child was a girl,
(!K
IIIIU.K.
iiiiiDi'd I'lllrri, mill mIk' xcry nohm iN'citiiK' iin cm
IM'ciiil liivuiilc Willi till' yoiiiiK ImlpT. On ii'
liiinin^f from liis Imrd (Iiivh work, In- wntihl
tiikf till' liltic ^rirl upon IiIh kni-c, niiil niiv In Iut :
" Ncllv.lluMi lioiiny liltic iltiir. will lie my wife ?"
to which the I'liild wiiiilil rciiililv iiiiHWcr! " \rH,"
M aii\ child wiiiild do. ''I'licii I'll wait for
llicc. Nelly ; I'll wed thee. Mini iioiiccIhc." And
UoIntI I'eel did witil. As the jrirl u'rew in
iM-auty towiird wniiiiinlinod, his dclerniiniition
to wiiil lor her w;n Hlrcnjrlhetied ; iind iillcr Ihe
la|)H<' of ten yeui'- - vearH of cloxe ii|i|>lic'ilioii
to lnislncHM and rapidly inereasiiiLr pio-perilv
Uolierl I'ecl married I'Ollen Vales when she li.id
I omitleted her sexcnlcenlli year. ( 'V( l,ori;i>l \
«>|r liioii.. \i 7MI.
AOJ. BIBLE, Adiiptation of the. < 'ohnu'iil ( '<ni
priHH. \.|). ITTI. I New llni^lalldelN presenl|
iM'llevcd lliiil II rude noldiery were I hen . . .
lakinj; the livcM of their friends. When Ihe
pMiiliii for the |.seeond| day was I'ead, it seemed
as if I leiivcn itself was iilterin^ its oracle. "()
I'ord, lli^'lit Thou a.Lcainst iheiii that tlfrlit apiinst
me I Let them that ima.ixine mischief for me, he
ii« dust liefore the winil. Lord, w ho is like unto
Thee, whodclivcrcHt Ihe poor from him that is loo
^tronir for him ? l,ord, how lomr wilt 'I'liou
look on '! Awake, and stand up to jiidfje my
(piarrel ; aveiip' Thou my cause, my (Sod iind
mv Lord. And as for my loniruc, it nIiuII lie
lalkiiifrof Thy ri^fhteousnessandof Thy praise all
the day lonir. " After this the | Kiiisedpal iiiinis-
ler, Ucv. I)uehe| unc.xpeelcdly liurst into an ex-
tempore prayer for America, for Conjrre.ss, for
Mt».s,Muehusetls, and espf-eially for IJoston, with
the (Nirnestncss of the liesl divines of New Kng-
liind.— H.\.n('Uo1'T'h I'. S., vol. 7, eh. 11.
liWi. BIBLE, Comfort from the. Ihinu'iifi of
]hirji>l<l, M'iKK. .\.i). 1704. On the last ni^rjii j,,
P^'hruary . . , at the apiiroacli of moriiin>r the iin-
fiiithful. sentinels retired . . . [the French and Ind-
ians soon followed within the palisades). Thevil-
)a^(! was liuriit. . . hut few escaped ; forty-seven
were killed ; one hundred and twelve, includinji;
the minister and lii.s family, were made captives.
One hour after sunrise the jiarty liei,nui its re-
turn to Canada. Muf who would know the hor-
rors of that winter march throui^h the wilder
ncss ? Two men starved to death. Did a youn;;
«'hild \\iMp from fatiirui'. or a fcelile woman tot- ,
ter from anicuish under the liui-den of her own j
ofFsprin^r, the tomahawk stilled complaint, or t
tlie helpless infant was cast out upon the snow.
Eunice Williams, the wifeof the minister, had not
I'or^'otten her Uilde ; and w hen they rested liy the ,
wayside, oral iiii,dit made their couch of liranehcs
of ever.irreen strewn on Ihe snow, the .savages al-
lowed her to read it. llavinu' liui recently re-
covered from confinement, her slreii;rtli failed
. . . sIk' commended her live captive children,
iinrler (Jod, to their father's care ; and then one
blow from ii tomahawk ended her sorrows. —
JJanckokt's r. S., vol. ;5, eh. 'i\.
56«. BIBLE, Diffusion of the. Ti/ndah'. Tyn-
(lido passi'd from O.xford to ("amliridire to feel "the
full imiailsi! ^iven by the aiipearanee there of
the New Testament of Erasmus. From that
moment one thouj^ht was at his heart. He " jier-
<'cived liv experience how that it was imiio.ssihle
to establish the lay iH'0])le in any truth except the
ycriptuH! were plainly laid before their eyes in
Iheir mother loniruc" " If (}o«l npare my life,"
he Mild to a Icarnctl conlrovcrHlalisI, "ere iimiir
years I will cause .i boy thai driveth the |i|oukii
shall know more of the .Scripture than tiioii
dost." Hut lie was a man of forty before hU
(iream Ucame fa<t ... it wan Moon needful
to (iiiil Knu'laiid if his pur|MiH<' was to hold. " I
understood at the hist not only that there wax no
room in mv Lord of Loiidoii's paliiee to IriinHliiti!
the .New 'l"eslami -It, but also ihat there was no
iilaci' to do It ill all Lii'.daiid. — lllHT. oK Eno.
l'i;oi-i.i;, ^; ,1|;t.
•1(17. BIBLE, Dlicoveriei in the. Mmiin l.iithfr.
.Mlhoimh he liii I been a jovial voiini; fellow, lie
bcLMii his siiiilies ill the morning' with ii heart-
felt prayer and by attcndiii^r h ihurch service.
lie alxi' spent considerable of his linu' in the
library of llie university. Here, on one (x'cusion,
he found a Latin Mibic, a book that he had never
seen uiilil his tweiiliclh year. (Jreally astonish-
ed, he noticed that there were many more t«'Xts,
epistles, and pispels than li<' had read in tin;
pcrieo]ies of the chureli or heard explained in
I the puliiil. And as he turned over IIk- pa>;en of
I the Old Testament, bis attention was arrested by
the story of Samuel mil llannali, which he liur-
riedlv read with ynat joy. — Uki.n's Lt'TiiKlt.
p. 28".
5««. BIBLE ditplaoed. //// illoir,. |At the
solemn enti'y of l'liili|i and .Mary iiilo London,
in iri,*)') sliiirtly after their marria^'e,] unions
other decorations of the ])ublic places, (he con-
duit in (Jrace Church Street was painted with
devices of tlie nine worthies, and of Henry V'lII.
[the father of the (lUeeiij and Edward VI.
Henry was represented with a Hible in liishand,
on which was written N'erbum Dei. TIk- Bishop
of Winchester, notinj; Ihe book in Henry V'lU's
hand, shortly afterward caUed tlm painter Ix'fore
him, and with vile words, calling him traitor,
asked why, imd who biido him deserilK' Kini;
Henry with a book in his hand, as is aforesjiiil,
thrcatenin<; him therefore to >;o to tla; Fleet.
'V\\v painter humbly iij)i)lo>,nzeil, and said he
thou;,dit li(! had dono well. " Nay," saiil the
bishop," it isH^iinstth(M|ueen'sCatholieproeetHl-
inj,fs.' And .so lie nainled him shortly after, in-
stead of Ihe book of Vetbum Dei, to have in Ids
handsa new pair of ^rlovcs. — K.Nioirr's Kn(i.,voI.
<i, ch. ."), p, ?."».
A09. BIBLE doubted. John nniii/nn. THe-
fore his conversion | Hunyan was hardly deult
with. " Whole floods of blasphenues," lu; says,
" aj^ainst (Soil, Christ, and the Serii)tures, were
])oured upon my spirit ; ipiestions against the very
bein;i' of Oixl and of His only beloved Son, a.s
whether there was in truth a (tod or Christ or
no, and whether the Holy Scriptures were not
rather a fabU^ and cunniiifr story than Ihe holy
and pure Word of (Jod. ' " How can you tell,"
the tempter whispered, " but that theTurkslmve
as good a Scripture to prove their .Mahomet the
.Saviour, as we have to jiroveour .lesusis V Could
I think Ihat .so many lens of thousjinds, in so
man}' eoiuitries and kin^jrdonis, should Ik; with-
out the knowledjje of the rij^ht way to heaven —
if there were indi'ed a heaven — tuul that we who
lie in ao(>rnerof the earth should alone lK!ble.ss<'d
Iherowith ? Every one doth think his own re-
liijion the riijhtest — both Jews, Moors, and Pa-
ifiins ; and how if uU our faith, and Christ, and
IIIBLK.
09
Hfripliirc »<lii>iil(l Ih' Iml 'ii think, m' 1(m> ?" —
FlKUIIIKM H( NV.\N, ell. U.
A70. BIBLK, The flrst. KliofM. Alioiil liiiir
II ciiiitiiry itflcr Kiiiu: .litini'N' IriiiiMluiioii of llir
iiililx* IVlikMNiiiliiiNciiM ^ntvi'il, tliriiiiKli Kliiit, lolxr
lti(lii«iih— tlin tliNt liilili' |iriiili'<l ill Aiiiiricii. —
HtI';\(,.nm' M. K. Cm., vnl. 1, p. 21.
ATI. BIBLE, Th« bait Gift. ('<> m mi tion.
[Who'll IjiiiTii I') II /.It! M '1 1 1 iimilc lirr conitmllitii
liro^fTt'HH, ii^Ti'iil (llMpliiy WHS iimiir hy the people. |
Will 11 nIi(< ispli'iiii pii^'i'iiiil ul till' IJllli' ('i)ii(liiil
. . 11 I'cHt wik.s iiiiiile, iiikI II iillilc III ICii^IInIi,
rlcMy ('(ivrrril, wiih let, dnwii until licr, liy ii silk
liice.'friiin iiclillil llmt rciiri'scnted 'rriilli, Willi
liotll lirr IiiIIIiIm .slie rcrclvcd It ; tlicll .she kinsiil
it, uftcrwiiril iipplicii it. to licr lircii.st ; unit liiMily
h»|(| il up, tliunklnj,' the city cMpcclally tor tliiit
gift, tmd proiiii.siiiKtii lii'ikdi(ii;rnt reader llu'rcol'.
— IvNidiirK Kmi., vol. ;t, eli. H, p. 111. •
ATtl. BIBLE, Imperilled by the. Itii-lmnl
lliinin', I In l">|."> KicliMiil lliiniie wiislirou^rlil lie-
fore lIleHiHliop dl' liOlidoll, eliarjfed Willi lieie.sy,
He| wiiH terrilled into an adiiiiH.>iioii of some of
ttie eriniesot' wliicli he was aeeused, oiieof wliieli
wa.s tliiit he had ill his |M)s.sessiiin the epistles and
pispels in Kurdish, and " WyelKTe's dainnahle
works." lie was sent liaek to prison, and two
(lays after was found haiiy:in;r in his cell, A cor-
oner's inipiest, eliarjred the hishop's ehaneelior
and otiier olHeers with iniirder, hut it was niain-
tiiined liy them lliiit the herelie had eominitted
Hiiieide, TIk? Iiishop and elerjfv had the inered-
ililo folly to lie^in a new process of heresy a>;ainst
the dead body, wliicli was iidjudi^ed )j:"''',v. and,
iwcordiiiji; to the sentence, liuriit in Smiihileld.
— Knhiiit'h Kn(i., vol. 'i, cli. 17, p. 277.
ftTJl. BIBLE, An incendiary. liiinn />/ Jamfx
jr. The cler^ry were strictly chari;ed not to re-
tlect nn tlu! Uomiiii Catliolii; reli.ifioii in their
discourses. The cliancellor took on himself to
send the macers of tlie I'rivy Council round to
the few printers and hooksellers wlio could tlien
be found in Kdinhur^di, char;;in.i; them not to
])iililisli any work witliout. liis license. Il was
Well understood that thi.s order was inleiided to
prevent tlie circulation of IVotestant treiitiscH.
One lionest stationer told the mes.seiifrcrs thai lie
had in his shop a hook winch rellected, in very
coarse terms, on popery, and liej^jfed to know
wliether lie mi^lit .sell it. They asked to see it,
and he showed tliem a copy of tlie Hihle. — .M.y-
CAUIiAV'H En(i., ch. (1.
574. BIBLE indestructible, /'irsirntinii. The
pliiloso|>hers . . . had dilit^eutly studieil llie na-
ture and fTcnius of the Cliristian reiif^ion ; and a.s
tliey wen; not it^noraiit tiiat the speculative doc-
trines of tiie faiili were supposed to he contained
in the writinj^s of tlie proplie's, of the evan<;elists,
and of tlie aiioslles, they most prolialily suf,'y;ested
tlie order tliat tlie liishops and iiresliyters .should
deliver all tlieir sacred hooks into tlie hands of
the maj^istrates, who were commanded, under
the severest penalties, to Imrn them in a public
and solemn manner. By the .same edict the prop-
erty of the church was at once confiscated, and
the .several parts of which it might consist were
either sold to the highest bidder, imited to the
Imperial domain, bestowed on the cities and cor-
porations, or granted to the solicitations of rapa-
cious courtiers, . . . The Christians, though
they cheerfiillv reigned the ornainenls of their
elilirches, resolved Hot to ilitemipt llieir reliirinllfl
assemblies nor to deliver their sacred iHiiika to
tlie llaines.— (JiiinoN M Komi:, ch. 1*1.
ATA. BIBLE, Influence of the, ('nnini'ill. \
great man is ever the pei'sonllication of the spirit
which breathes from tiiiii' to time upon his ago
and country. The inspiration of ,S( ripiure pre-
dominated, in ItllMI, over the three i<iiu;doms.
Cromwell, more Imliiied than any oilier witli tliis
seiitinieiil, was nejthi'r a politician imr an ambi-
tious coiiiiiieiiir, nor Mil Ociavius, nor a Cii'sar.
lie was a.liidge of the Old TeslMinenl : a sectarian
of tlie greater power In proporlion ashe whs morn
superstitious, iiHire strict and narrow In his doc-
trines, and more faiiMticiil. If his Lreiiiiis hail
surpassed hiscpoeh he would have everelHcd le.sH
ililluelice o\er tlie existiiiir genenilioii. ills na-
ture was less elevale(i than the pint assii^ned
to him ; his religious bias colistiliiled the half of
his fortune. — Lam AiiTiMiH Ciiomwi.i.i., ]i. MO.
ATO. BIBLE, Monopoly in the, Ihifin/i Monojy
<>hi. Wliere was there a lioiise in ilie (nlonieH
that did not cherish, and did not possess, llio
Knglisli Millie V And yel to print that Hible in
Urilish ,\inei'ica was |iroliibited as a piracy, and
the Millie, e.\ce|it in the iialive .savage districlx,
was never printed tliere till the land became
free. — Ham iioKTw V. S., vol. .">, ch. 12.
AT7. BIBLE omitted, ('iirniiiifion of JitwfH
II. .laiiieM liMd ordered Siincroft to abridge the
riliial. The reason publicly assiirncd was that,
the day wiis loo siiort for all that was to bo
done ; bill whoever eMiminesthe chiinu'cs wliicli
Were inade will see that the real objeel was to
remove some Ihings higiilv olTensive to liie relig-
ious feelings of a zealous Koniaii Calliolic. . . .
The ceremony of presenting tlie sovereiifii with
a richlv-liound copy of the English Mible, and
of exhorting him to prize above all earllily
treasures a volume wliicli Ik; had lieeii taught to
regard as adulterated with I'alse doctrine, was
omitted. — .M.vcai lay's Kno,, ch, 4.
A7H. BIBLE, A people'i. Wf/''liff<: With the
tacit approval of the iirimali' of a church wliicli,
from the time of Wyclitre, had held the transla-
tion and reading ot the iiible in tlie common
tongue to be heresy and a criiiK! piinisliMble witli
tire, Krasmus boldly avowed liis wish for ii
Mible open and inteii'igilile to all. " I wish tliat
even the weakest woman niigiit read the gospel.s
and tiKM'pisllesof St. I'aiil. 1 wisli that they
were translated into all languages, .so as to be
read ami understood not only by Scots and
Irishmen, but even by Saraceiisand Turks. Ihit
tile tirst step to tlieir being read is to make them
inteliigilile to the reader. I long forthiMlav when
tlie husliiindman shall sing ])ortioiis of them to
liimself us lie follows tlie ])lougli ; when the
weaver sliall hum tliein to tlie tune of his shut-
tle ; wlien till! traveller shall while away witli
tlieir stories tlii; weariness of liis journey." —
Hist, ok Enu. Pkoim.k, t^ 518.
A79. BIBLE, Prohibition of the. J'J n r/lnn il.
In l.'VtS an act was jjiissed which limited the
reading of the Bible and the New TesUiment ia
the English tongue to noblemen and gentlemen,
and forbade the reading of the same to "tho
lower sort" — to artificers, prentices, journey-
men, serving-men, husbandmen, and laborers.
I
TO
1UI5I .•:— IlKJOTltV.
and til Wdii.cii, iimlcr |>;iiii of iin|)ris()niiu-nt. —
Kn'k.mi V Kn(i., \()1. 2, <li. ','7. J). 445.
SM). . XirtKKiin/. [I'licrili' objec-
tion-., ill l.VIT] 'riicrc was a ('Miulpridirc friar,
ji;>l lifldic llii' sllliprcssjoii of the IllDllMstcrirs,
■\viin (Icnounccd liii' rradiiiL;' of tlic Hiliir liy tlic
vnlL'ai' ; for tlic JKikcr, lie said, who found it
written tiiat a litl:i leaven would i rnipt tli"
wlioie lump, would Lrive us bad hren.. , and the
ploUirliniMU would he afraid to labor, when he
learned that if he looked back from his iilouLdi
h- were until, for the kiiu'doni of heaven. —
K.Mfinr s Kno., vol, -J, eh. •,'!», \\ 4iM.
AN I. BIBLE, Protected by the. Jofin Kmu-.
The yoiuiir (pieen [Mary|, feeliuir the necessity
of .securini; the jrood will of such a man, suc-
ceeded in attracliui,^ him to the palace. He ap-
])eare(! in Id.s Calvinislic (hn-ss, a short cloak
thrown o\er liis shoulder, the Bilile under
hi.s arm, "Satan," siud lie, " caiuiot jirevail
ii;iain>t n man whose left hand lu-ars a liirht
to illumine his riirht, when he searclies the Holy
Scriptures in the hours of iiiirht.'' — L.v.m.vu-
Ti.M'.'b M.viiY Sti-vut, ch. 7.
5S'i. BIBLE, Searching the " IUhJr .)A////.v."
There was wild enthusiasm I'nomrh 'ii some of
tile followers of Whiletield and' Wesley, . . .
l)iit ti:ese earnest men left a mark. . . . The
obscure vounj^ students . . . were first called
" Sa( rami'iitarians," then " Hible .Moths," and
tinallv " MeUiodist.s." — Ivmoiit's E.no., \oI. :>,
th. ;'.
.'iSJl. BIBLE, Three Secies in. Simh iJinyr/.
The Wi.rd does not beloiiL,'- to men alone, but is
the ])osM'ssi()n likewise of the anp'js of heaven,
to whom it wears different forms, accordinir to
their lo\i' and intelliireiice. In jreiieral it may
Ik- said to have tlire(^ senses or meanings : First,
a celestial sense, api>reliende(l by the celestial or
liiiiliest antrels ; secondly, a spiritual sense, ap-
ju'ehended by a lower ranire of aiiirclic minds,
the spiritual ; and thirdly, a natural sense, with
■which wi' are all familiar, written down to the
<'orn]>relieiisioii of the lowest, most worldly, and
nensual of men — the Jews. — W'ihtk's Sweodkn-
mmi;, p. so.
dS4. BIBLE stim-jlates, Rn-. Smn,! ,/-/////-
fion. [Beinir a victim to the ]>ersecution of
.lames H. airaiiist Protestants he was seniencccl
to be tlonired for iiublishiiii,- a tract airainsl the
overthrow of Protestantism by the use of the
army. He suffered with most courageous en-
durance,] His iiiocrapher says : " Jle observed
a*'terwaid to one of his most, intimate friends,
that tlii- te.\t of Scripture, which came sudden-
ly into his mind, He endureil the cross, and
despised the shame.' so much animated and sup-
])orteil him in his bitter journey that he could
iiiive suiiir a psalm while the e.vecutioiier was
doin:r ins otlice, with as much (omiiosure and
cheerf,lli.e>s as excr he had done in the church ;
thouiih.at the same time, he had a (piick sense of
•■very stripe ^vlli(■ll was irivcn him, with a whip
of nine cdi'ds knotted, to (he number of three
llUlldred and sevelltt'ell." — IvMolir's Eno.. \o1.
4, ch. -J."), p. 411.
5S5. BIBLE and Superstition, The. ('(imliint
Infiiiiiix. 'J'he Indians reveled the voliimi' valh-
pr than its doctrines; and, with a fond supersti-
tion, the\' embraced the book, kissed it, and held
it to their breasts and hcuds, us if il had Ik'cii im
amulet. ... As the colonist.s . . . had no
women with them, there were some amoiif; thn
Indians who imairined the Knjrlish were not
born of woman, and tlienl'ore not mortal ; that
they were men of an old n-eiieration risen to im-
inoVi.ilitv. — I5an( iioKT.- Hist, ok L'. S., vol. 1.
ch. :f.
.'ine. BIBLE-KEADINO forbidden. Knrihtnd.
[In l.")47, in tlie| "Act for the advaiiceineiit of
ielii,don," there was a special clause a^'ainsl per-
sons not duly appointed I'eadin;;- the IJible aloud
ill any . liureli. 'I'he man who soiL^dit to know
the truth miirht muse over the chained volume,
but he was not to read any jiortion of il to tho
less instructed bystanders. Moblemeii and ,i;en-
tlemeii miiilit read the Uible aloud to their fami-
lies. Ladies niiiiht only read it priva'ely, andso
also nii^rlit merchants. The (lualified ])er;nissioii
to read the Scriptures [wasj . . . (Xtended toall
but artificers, prentices, journe,Miien, and .serv-
iiitr-meii. — Kmoii r'sE\(i., vol. :.'. ch. 29, j). 492.
587. BIGOTRY disclaimed. Pinj/ci: In tlu
("ontiiieiital Conirress, .Mr. .Jay, a memlier from
New York, spoke aLrainst opeiiimr the jji-oceed-
iiii,'H with praver, on the irround that as there
were in that body Episcopalians, Quakers, Ana-
baptists, P'-esbyierians, and ('oni;re,trationalist.s,
they would hardly hv. able to join in tlic .same;
act of worsliij), Thereiipor. JSIr. Sjimuel Adams,
a strict Comrreiratioii'ilist, arose and said he wa.s
no biu'ot, and coukl licir a prayer from a /gentle-
man of i)iety and virtue who Avas, at the .same!
time, a friend to li:s countrv. He tlien moveil
that Mr. Duclie, a!i Episfopalian cleriryman, read
liravers to the t'onjj^ress. The motion was car-
ried, and tli(^ jirayers were read. — A.M. Cvc,
"S.VMl'KI. AlVVMS."
5»«. BIGOTRY, Papal. Poix V. [He li.id di.s-
tiniruisluMt himself as an iiKjiiisitor.] A more
furious biirot never sat on the papal throne ; and
his bi/rotry was more terrible from the circum-
stance that it was conscientious. When lie sent
a force to theaidof fir French Catholics, lie told
their leader " to take no HuLruenot jirisoner, but
instant l.v to kill every one that fell into his hands."
\Vlien the savaire Ih'ce of Alva was b'ltclierin!^
without remorse in the Netherlands, the Holy
Father sent him a consecrated hat and swonl,
ill admiration of his Christian iirocecdings. —
IvNKiirT's E\(i., vol. 8, ch. 11, p. 1()7.
.liR. BIGOTRY, Protestant. Mm-ii Stimrt.
[The e\-eiiinu: before her execution Mary Stu-
art, (^ueeii of Scots, desired the presence <■'' her
priest and almoner ; but she was refused, and
was informed that in the |il;ice of her confessor
she iniLdil ha\'e the spiritual ;issisiaiice of tli(!
Dean of Peterliorouirii. Slie necessarily de-
clined,] — Kmoht'sEno,. vol. ;>, ch. l:!, ]>, 201.
500. BIGOTRY, Puritanic. /// I'mi/ir. [When
the bod,\' of Charles I. was de])osiled in the vjiull
for biii'ial. ill;' governor of St. (JeorLre's Castle)
forbade the church-.service to be performed,
tliidiiuh his bJLjoted resolve that, the Common
Prayer havinij: lieen ])ut down, he would not.
siitfer it to be read in the garrison where Ik;
commanded. — Kmoiit's Eno., \o1. 4, ch. y,
p. 1!."),
5»l. BIGOTRY, Strange. P/7f/r/ii<.i. At a ses-
sion of the i;eneral court of the c(jlony [of ^Iius-
BIRTH— BISHOPS.
71
siiclmsctts], licld ill lO^il, ii law wiis passed rc-
NlrU'tiiig tlic rii^ht of siiirraiic. It was ciiacfcd
tliat none Imt iiicmlxTs of llu' chiiicli should he
jK'rniilli'd to vote at the colonial clcclioiis. '{■'lie
<-lioic(' of trovci'iior, dcpuly-novcriior, and assist-
ant cownciilors <s thus plai'i'd in lln' iiands of
n small niinon . Nearly three fourths of the
jieopK' wereexoluded from exercisini; the riL,'lits
of freemen. Taxes were le\ied for the su]>port
of the iros])!'! ; oaths of oliedienee to the luairis-
Irates were re((uire(l ; attendance upon ))ulilic
\vorshi))was enforced by law ; none liul church-
inemlters were elii,''il)le to ollieers of trust. It is
t<tran,!j;e that t!ie very men thai had so recently,
throULrli perils hy sea and land, escaped wiih
only their lives to lind reliirious freedom in
I'liotlier continent, should have hcirun their ca-
reer with intolerance and proscrijition. 'ihe
only excuse that can he found for the irross in-
consistency and injustice of such lei^nslation is,
that lii^rotrv was tiie vicc! of ilie ai;e rather than
of the Puritans. — Uidi-.vtu s V. S., cli. 1:5.
5f.»2. BIRTH, Accident of. Bonn parte. [Born]
on the 15th of August, 17()!> . . . [at Ajaccio,
I'orsica, recently won to France by armsj. Had
the voinii^ Na])oleon seen the ii^ht two months
t'urller, he woidd have been by birth an Italian,
not IV Frenchman. — Aniiorr's N.vpolkon B.,
vol. 1, ch. 1.
593. BIRTH concealed. Ahntlnm. The Ish-
maelite Arabs . . . call in ;heir books tlieir
father Abraham El KlniUl-Allttli, or the friend of
<Jro(l. His father A/or, saj they, was one of the
frreat va.ssals of Nimrod, a sort of f".')u'ous Ju-
piter of the Babylonian Olympus. Nimrod,
frightened by a prophec\' which announced to
liim th(! birth of an infant su])eiior to other men
iind to himself, forbade all int'rcourse between
the .se.xes in his dominions. Abi-aham was born
tbroujih a breach of thi^ order. His ])arents,
to elude the anirer of Nimrod, concealed his
birth. They had bin' hid and nursed in a eav-
err. outside the city. — La.mautinks Tliikky.
601. BIBTH, Humble. Gahriui. In a (e..ar-
ter of the city [Home] which was inhabited only
by mechanics and Jews, the marriajr*; of an inn-
keeiHT and a washerwoman ])roduce(l the future
deliverer of Home. From such parents Nicholas
Kienzi Gabrini could inherit neither diicnity nor
fortune ; and the ^ift of a lilx'ral eilucation,
"which they painfully bestowed, was the cause
of his glorv and untimely end. — GimsoN'sKo-MK,
ch. 7:{, p. 471.
595. . lioni. Eiiip. Diiiditiioi. As
the reiLHi of Diocletian was moi'e ilhistrious
than that of any of his predecessors, so was his
'birth more abject and ol)seure. The stroiiii;
claims of merit and of violence had fi'e(|uently
superseded the ideal ])reroiratives of nobility ;
but a distinct line of separation was hitherto
preserved between IIk; free and the ser\ile \y,\,v\
of mankind. The ])arenls of Diocletian had
been slaves in the house of Anulinus, a Uoman
senator, nor was li(> himself disiiiiruished by any
other name than that which he deri\cd from a
small town in Dalmatia, from whence his moth- j
cr (U'duced her oriirin. — Giiuio.n's Ro.mi;, ch. II!. \
596. BIBTH, Superior to. Burns. Born in '
«n a,<;e the most pro.aic Britain had yet sivn,
and in a condition the most advantaijreous, where
Ilia mind, if it accomi)lishi'd aught, nnist accom-
jilish it under the pressure of continual bodily
toil — nay, of j)enury and desponding apprehen-
sion of the worst evils — and with no furtheranco
but such knowledge as dwells in a poor man's
hut, and the rhymes of a Fergu.son or Uamsay
for his standard of beautv, he sinks not under
all these impediments. Through the fogs and
darkness of that obscure ri'gion, his eagle eye
discerns the true relations of the world and'hu-
nnui life ; he grows into intellectual strength, and
trains himself into intellectual experlness. Im-
pelled by the irr 'pressible movement of his in-
ward sjiirit, he struggles forward into the gen-
eral view, and with haughty modesty lays do\\u
before us, as the fruit of his labor, a gift which
Time has now pronounced imperishable. — Cvu-
i.vi.k'h Btii.NS, p. 15.
597. BIBTH, A welcome. " T/ic Kiiifj of
li'iiii)-." [Napoleon's second wife gave birth to
a boy March ~'(t, ISll. | If the child were a prin-
cess, twenty-one guns were to Ixi tired ; if a
prince, one hundred. At si.x o'clock in the
morning . . ail Paris -wjis aroused t)}' the deep
booming of [cannon]. . . . Every window was
thrown open. Every ear was on the alert. . . .
Vast tlirongs stood motionless to count the
tidings, which those oxiilosions were thundering
in their ears. . . . The twenty-first gun was tirecl.
The interest was now intense beyond conception.
For a moment the gunners delayed the next dis-
charge, and I'aris stood waiting in breathless
s>isi)ense. The heavy loaded guns then, with
redoubled voice, jiealed forth the announcement.
From till! entire city <ine universal roar of ac-
clamation rose, and blended with their thun-
ders. . . . Who could then have imagined . . .
that this child, the object of a nation's love and
expectaticv ^-onld linger through a few short
years of n gleet and sorrow, and then sink into
a forgotten grave '/ — AunoTT's N.vi-oi.kon B.,
vol. 2, ch. ll'.
59«. BISHOP corrupted. Thcixhrniiii. In .v.D.
;W!) the archi(!piscopa! throne of Alexandria
was tilled by Theodosius, the iXTjU'tual enemy
of virtue — a bold, bad man, whose hands were
alternately polluted with gold and blood. . . .
AVhen a sentence of destruction against the idols
of Alexandria svas pronounced, the Christians
sent lip a shout of joy. . . , Theophilus jiro-
ceeded to (iemolish the temple of Serapis, with-
out any other diflieulties than those which he
found in the weight and solidity of the ma-
terials ; but these obstacles [iroved so insuper-
able, tliat he was obliged to lea\(' tlie founda-
tions, and to content himself with reducing the
editice itself to a heal) of rulilii--li, a part (jf
which was soon afterward cleared away, to make
room for a church erected in lioiinr of the Chris-
tian martys. The \aluable libr,. y of .Mexandria
Mas pillaged or desi roved ; and nearly twenty
years afterward the apiiearanee of the em])ty
shelves excited the regret and indign;itioii of
every speclalor, wlio^e niiinl was not totally
il.'irkeiied b\ religious pr( judiic. — Guuson's
Ko.MK, (ll. 2S.
599. BISHOPS, Honored. (iiniKiiis. The an-
cient Germans hail the highest veneration for
their priests. It was, iherel'dre, natuml for the
Franks, after their conversion, to preserve tho
same re\erence for the ministers of their new re-
ligion. We tind that the bi'^hops held the first
72
BLESSING— P.Lor.
t^^^
lilnoe in th" njitional n.s.soinl)li(;.s. Tlioy worn cm-
i)I()ye(l uiiflcr (.'lolariuH I. tocorrcct llic S'lliciiiid
lipariiiii lii\vs, und the}' hiul ; sort of siiiMTiiitcii-
(leiice over tlic jiidiciiil trihunalH. In tlic absence
of the kin<,^ it was eoiniielciit to ajiiu'al to liie
bisliops from tlie scr.Kiu'es of the (hikes and
count.s. — TvTi.iMi's lIisT., Honk (i, cii. 2.
600. BLESSING, A diabolical. Afmiiii l.nlhcr.
After this interview |wilii the fanat'e Karlstadl]
Liitiier eontiinied on ids journey . . .to Orla-
inilnde, lieM(h(uarters of Kailstadt. ihit he ae-
«'oini>lislied notldii;; liere ; lie narrowly escaped
bodily vioK'iice. \h'. Idinself narrates tins ex-
perience! : " Wlien I readied Orhiiiiiinde I soon
discovered vlmt kind of seed Karisladt iiadsown;
I'or I wiUH irreelcd w itii such a blessinir ns tids ;
' Dejiart in tlie name of a liiowsand devils, and
may you lireak your neck before you h-ave the
(•i;y ! ' "— IIkin's l^i riiKii, cli. 1-i.
601 . BLESSING disdained. l!n)in of Jitm< k IT.
[S(!ven l>ishops had iieeii imprisoned l)ecause tliey
refused to aid tlie kiiii; i'l the overthrow of the;
Protestant faith.] Loud acclaini>:;c,!is weri;
raised. Tlie steeples of the ctuirchcs svnt forth
joyous peals. The liishops found it dilHcult to
escape from til.' importunate crowd of their well-
wishers. L' <yd was dela'ned in I'idaci! Yard by
admirers who struirijled to toneh hishandsund to
ki.ss the skirt of his rolie. till Clarendon, Avilii
some dittieulty, rescued him and conveyed him
home by a liy-path. Cartwriirhl, it is said, was
so iinwis(' n.s to mini!;li! with tiie crowd. Some
person who saw hisepiscojiid lialiit asked and n •
ceived his blessini^. A iiystander crie(l out,
" Do you know who lilessed you ?" "Surely,"
.sjud he who liad just been honored by IIt jjcne-
diction, " it wa.sone of the seven." " No," said
the other, " it is the pojjis'i JJishop of Cliesler."
" I'oiiish doLT," cried the CLriirt'd J'rotesMiiit,
" take you.'' blessini'; back atrain." — M.\«aii,.\v's
Enck, cli. H
602. BLI'.SSING, A disguised. Aiiirricmi Uirn
hition. Diirinir his retreat across New J rsey,
Washiiiiitoii had .sent repeated despatelie.s to
(icneral liCe, in command of liie detacliment
at North Castle, to join the main army as soon
a.spo.ssible. ]a'v w;is a proud, iiisubordinat" man
and virtuidly d'sobeyed his orders. Mar.hiiiu-
leisurely iiiio New .lersey, he reached .Morris
town. Here lie tarried, and took up his (piarler.-^
at an inn at Jiaskiiiii.rid!.''!'. On the Kith of
December a squ.ad of liritisii cavalry diished up
to the tavern, s<'i/,ed Lee, and liurrii'd him off to
.New i'ork. (Jeiieral SuUiv.in, who Iiiid recently
been exehanired, now took CDiiimand of I.,(''s
division, ami liastened to join Wasliin^lon. —
liiDf.VTii's i;. S.. ch :i!t.
60:i. BLINDNESS, Disqualified by. f'rr.v'i.
The crcwii of Persia is licicditary, with the ex-
clusion of females from the succession ; but the
sons of a dauirhter are allowed to inherit tlie sover-
eiirnty, l?y the la.vs of Persia the blind are ex-
cluded t'l an the throne. Hence it is a customary
policy of th ' reiirnim: ]irince to put out the ej'es
of all those of the blood royal cf whom he has
any jo^alousy. — Tvti.ku's Hist., Hook 6, ch. 23.
604. BLINDNESS by Study. ,A>/(?i 3fil('>n.
ITis eyesight, though (piick, as he was a profi-
cient with the rapier, liiid never been strong.
His constant headaches, his late study, and
(thinks Phillips) his perpetual tampering with
phvsic to preserve his sight, concurred to bring
the calamitv njion him. It hi.d been steadily
coming on for a dozen years before, and about
l(i.')0 the sight of the left" eye was gone. lU' was
warned by his doctor that i"f he jiersisted in u.sing
•he remaiiiinu' eye for book-work, he wouldjose
that too. " 'Phe choice lay liei'or(! nie," Milton
writes in the " Second Deb nee," "between dere-
liction of a. supreme dutv and lo.ss of ey<'siirht ; in
.such a case I could not listen to the physician, not
if /Esculapius himself had si)oken from his sane
tuary ; J could not but obey that inward monitor,
I know not what, that spake tome from heaven."
-.MlI.TON, J{Y .M. 1'.\TTIS(IN, ( h. 9.
605. BLOCKADE by Chains. Mdhomrt IT. He
laid siege to Constantinople . . . while the indo
lent Greeks niade a very feeble preparation for
defence, trusting to an imnien.se barricade of
strong chains, which blocked up the entry to
the port, and prevented all access to the enemy's
sliii)s. The genius of Mahomet very soon over-
came this obstacle. He laid a channel of smooth
planks f(;r the length of .six miles, resembling
the frames wh'- •■ arccitnslructed for the launcli-
inii- of ships, in one night's time he drew eighty
g.illeys out of the water upon these planks, and
next "morning, to the utter ast'vushment of tlw
besieged, anCntire fleet descended fit once into
the bo.som of their harbor. . . . Constantine, the
emperor, was killed in the assault, and Mahoniet
immediMlelv c' 'i verted hisi>alace into a .seraglio.
• iiid the s|)len(ii \ •Imrcli of Santa Sophia into a
.Mohi'.mnied.-in iuiis(jue. Thus ended tlieeinpin'
of the Kast, ii. the ye.ir 145;!, eleven hundred Jind
t" iity-threo y<'ars from the building of Con-
slantiiiople bv Constantine the (Jreat. — Tvii.i-.n's
Hist., MookVi. ch. 1:5.
«.i»6. BLOCKADE of Death. % C/.wr. (Thirty
thousand .soldiers had fallen,] Munda was at
ulice blockaded, the inclosing Vt'all — savauc evi
denct. of the temper of the eoiKiuerors — being
built of dead bodies pinned together w' h lances,
and on the top of it a fringe of heads on sword.s'
point.s with the faces turned toward the town. —
;''i{oii)i;'s C.Ks.Mi, ch. 'J t.
607. BLOT, Shameful. WiUiam Pnii}. ['^'oung
I'irls, liy order of their schoolmislre.ss, had pre-
s(nte<l a .standard to the 'ebel Duke of ^lon-
inoulli.] The (pieen's maids of honor asked the
royal jiermission to wring money out of the
jiarents of the [loor children, and the permission
was granted. . . . The me.ids of honor would not
tlH\v wt're determined to pro.secute
endure de
to outlawry, unless a reasonal)le sum were forth-
coming ; and liy a reasonable sum was meant
t'TOtHt. Warre excused himse'f from taking
any part in a transaction .so scanilalous. Tlu;
mai(ls of honor then re(|uested "William Penn
to act for them, and Penn accepted the com-
mission ; yet it should seem thai a little of the
])ertinacious s( rui)ulosity which he hud often
show.i about taking otT his hat v,()uld not have
been altogether out of place on this occasion. He
probably silenced the remonstrances of lii.s con-
.science by repeating to himself that noiu" of the
money which he extorted would go into his own
pocket ; that if he refu.sed to be the agent of the
ladies, they would find agents less humane ; that
by complying he should increase his influence at
the court," and that his intluenceat the court had
■;*
HLoT— r.<)i,i)Ni;ss.
>^
iilrcady ciiiilili'd him, and iiii^lit still ciitihlc
liiiii, (<> render j-Teiit services to liis oppressed
liretliren. [More lit Su H2!).J—.Ma(ai lay's
KN(i., ell. ').
«0». BLOT of the Times. f'r'Kiir. The CmuIs
jmid the expenses of iliejr e()n(|U( st in the pri>.on-
(is taken in hiillle, who were .sold to the slave
merehanls ; and this is the real hlot on ( lesar's
{•areer. Ihit tiie hlot was not personally upoii
Ca'sar, hut upon the aire in which h' lived.
The irreat I'oniponiiis Attieiis himself was a
dealer in human chaitels. That prisoners of
war should he sold as slaves was the law of the
time, aceeiited alike hy victors and \aiM|uished ;
and the crowds of liheilini who assisted at
Cii'sar's funeral proveil thai he was not reijarded
as th(! enemy of these unfortunates, hut as their
spc'ial friend. — l"''not'i>K's C'.ksah, eh. IM.
«0». BLUNDER by Inattention. (;<>Mxniith.
Lord Clare and the l)ukc of Northumherland
liad houses next to each oilier, of sinul.ir archi
teclure. Heturninij home one mornim;- from an
early walk. Goldsmith, in oni; of his frc(|uent
tits of ahsencc, mistook the house, and walked
up into the duke's dininiz:-roor,i, where he and
the duehes.s wen; ahout to sit down to hreakfast.
Goldsmith, still supposinij liimself in the house
of Lord Cliu'e, and that tliey were visitors, mad'
them an easy salutation, heinir accpiaiiiled with
them, and threw himself on a sofa in the lounL'-
inir mamier of a man perfectly at home. The
duke and dvichess soon perceived iiis mistake,
and, whih; they smiled internally, endeavored,
with the consideraleness of well bred ])eo|)le. to
])revcnt any awkward emharrassnienl.- lu\-
i.\(i's (t()l.I)s.^fITlr, eh. ;iO.
610. BOARD, Prayers exchanged for. Xiijinhnii
I. 'Y\w Frencli enii;i'rant jiriesls were ((uite a
burden on the convents of Italy, where they
had taken refu,<re [from .Jacobin fury |. and the
Italian priests were quite ready, upon tlie airi\al
of the Fi'cneh army, to drive them aw.ay, on the
jiretext that by harborinir the eminrants they
should draw ujion themselves the veiiireance of
the Heiiutilican army. Napoleon i.ssuecl a decree
cominandinu; the convent* to . . . furnish them
everything necessary for their supjiort and com
fort. In . . . a vein of latent humor, he en
joined that the French i)rie.sts should make re
muneration for this hospil.ality in pr.ayers and
ma.s.ses <tt ihe rcf/nliir iiiar/ii t-/irii'i . — Aiusott's
Nai'oi.kon n. , vol. 1, eh, 7.
611. BOASTING of Pride. /.',//</-*/ /. Iti the
liattlcof Nicopolis, l{a.ja/.et [the Tiirk ] defeated a
confederate army of a iuuidred thousand Chris-
tians, who liad ])roudly boasted that if the
sky should fall, they could u])liold it on tlnir
lances. The far greater part were slain or dri\ en
into the I)anid)e ; and Sigismond. escaping to
C'onslantinople by the river and the IJI.uk Sea,
returned after a long >-iicuit to his exhausted
kinijdom. In the pride of victory, Ba jazet threat-
ened that he wotdd besiege Ruda ; that he
\vould subdue the adjacent cou!itries of Ger-
many and Italy ; and that he would feed his
liorse with a bushel of oat.s on the altar of St.
Peter at Home. His progress was checked, not
by the miraculous interposition of the apostle,
not by a cr\isade of tlie Christian powers, i)ut by
a long and jiainful lit of the gout. Thedisoniers
of the moral ai'e sometimes corrected bv those
of the ])hysical world ; and an acrimonious
humor falling on a single fibre of one man may
prevent or suspend the nu.sery of nations. —
(iiiiito.N's UoMK, eh. .Tl.
ttV2. BOASTING, Ridiculous, fhinilnr. Once,
when cheeking my boasting loo frequently of
myself in company, he said to nie : " Moswell,
you often \aunl so much as to |ii-ovoke ridiculi',
Vou pul nie in mind of a man who was slanding
in the kilchcn of an inn wilh his b:ick to Ihe lire,
and thus accosled Ihe ])erson next him : ' l)o you
know, sir, who I am ?' ' No, si,,' said the other,
'1 have nol that advantage.' '.Sir,' said he. ' 1
nm \\u- f/i<i(t '/'ir,i/iii/i'i/, who invented the New
Floo(lgale Iron.' " I Note, | It was n 'itlier inoic
noi- less iliiin a kind of box iron for smoothing
limn. — IJoswi'.i.i.'s .lou.NsoN, \). 4H)).
<U 3. BOASTING, Senseless. Anr V»r/:. a.d.
lT(i">. " 1 will cram the stamps down their
throats with Ih ■ end of my sword," cried the
liraguarl .James, major of artillery, as he busied
himself witii ln'inging into the fort more tield-
pieces, as well as j)o\\(ler, shot, and shells. "If
tlie,\- :itteinpt to rise, I," he gave out, " will diive
them all out of town for a i)aek of rascals, with
four and twenlv nieii. " — H.vncuokt's U. S., vol.
"i, eh. IT.
611. BOASTING, Vain. r< r.siium. The Mi r-
ranesof I'ersia advanced, with 40, ()()() of h.'r best
troojjs, to raze the fortifications of ])ara, and
signified the day and the hour on which the
citizens should prejiare a bath for his refresh-
ment, after the toils of victory. IleencoiuUered
an adversary ei|ual lo himself, liy tlie new title
of General of the Kast ; his sujicrior in th(!
science of war, but nuich inferior in the nundwr
and ijuality of his troops, which amounted (idy
t'> "J."), 001) Romans and stranijers relaxed in 'heir
discipline, and humbled by I'cecnt disasters.
( )n the le\el jilain of Dara the standard of Persia
fell ; the iiiuiKirtiiln fled, the infantry threw away
their bucklers, and 8000 of the vanciuished fell
before th(,' Uonian swords [under Belisarius] on
the field of battle. — (JiiutoNs {{o.mi;, ch. 41.
<»l.>. BODY, Crippled. Timour the Titrtuv.
The fame of Timour has ])ervaded the East anil
\\'e>t — his posterity is still invested with the im-
perial Vdh'—wwA the admiration of his subjects,
who revered him almost as a deity, may be jus-
tified in some degi'ec by the ]iraise or confession
of his bitterest enemies. Although he was lame
of a hand and fool, his form and stature were
not unworthy of his rank ; and his vigorous
health, .so essential to himself and to the woi'ld,
was corroborated by ti'inpt'rance and exerci.se. —
(iiiwioN's HoMK, ch. (').-).
616. BODY, Perfect. Auk rifan IikHidih. How
r.arc is it to find flic red-man s(|uint-eyed, or
with a diseased s|)iiie. hall or blind, or with any
dcticieiicy or excess in the organs ! , . . The
most rctiiK'd nation is most liable to [irorluce
\ariefies. and to dcLrenerafe. — Hancuokt's Hist.
I', s.. vol. ;i, <h, u'-j.
617. BOLDNESS, Verbal, (Ifddmtiith. (iold-
snuth one day brought to the cluli a printed
ode. which lie. with others, had b(;en hearing
re;id hy its author in a public room, at the rate
of five shillin.urs eacli foi- admis.sion. One of the
company having read it aloud. Dr. .John.son
said : " Holder words and more timorous mean-
»m^-m'm^^^HKmiiiv^i^iyi'i',i
^ra
74
IIOMHAST— HOOKS.
iiifr, I tliink, never were l)r(iii^flit tdiretlier. " —
ISoswKi.i. s .JoiiNHoN, p. 4;(;5
rtlW. BOMBAST rebuked. " Jupltrr." Meue-
fiiilcs, llie i)li^siciaii, liii\ in,;,' siicceedcil in some
(les|)eriite ciises, yoi the Mirnuiiie of Jupiter.
Anil lie WHS so vain of tiie Jippellalioii, tlial lie
made use of it in a lett<'r to tlie liiii^^, " .Mene-
ilates .lupiler to Kilij; .\u:esilaus, liealth." His
jmswer liei:aii tlius: " Kiiij; Air<'silaus to Meiu-
trates, lijs senses." — IM.ciai:. ii.
«I9. BOMBAST, Ridiculous. ,A'//,-.v /, |.l.inies
loki liis(|isol,e(lienl l'arli:iie. .-it :| .M\ inleui-ity is
like tiie whiteness of iii\ roi)e inv puiily like the
metal of irold in my ero'.vii, my lirmiiess and
clearness like iiie preei(»i,s stones 1 wear, and
my atfections natural, like the reilness of my
lieart — Knkuit's Eno., vol. ;i, eh. :>:(. \i. ;i(i4."
eaO. BONDS inflated. L<»iixXIV. Tliekinir
^'ished to ,i,^ive one inoi'c of his irraiid festivals at
Versailles, and ordered his .Minister of Finance
1o jiri.vide the money — t,(MM),0()() franes. The
treasury wiis empty, and the credit of the '^{}\-
crnment was ijone.' A royal hond of 100 franc s
■wa.s worth iW francs. One day when tlie minis
ter was jiiieiiii^ his antechamber, considerini; how
lie .should raise the siuii reipiind, he perceived,
throui^li an o])en door, two of his servants look-
iii!^ over the papers on his desk. An idea darted
into his mind. l[e drew up tlu' .•(•heme of a
/rrand lottery, which he i)r;'tended was desiunied
to jiay olT a certain description of bonds. This
schenie, half written out, he left upon his desk,
and remained jdjsent for a considerable time. His
two lackeys were, as he sujiposed, emi)loye(l by
stock-jobbers to discover th(^ intentions of the
p)vernmcnt with rcirard to the issue and redemp-
tion of its bonds. They did their work, and at
once the bonds bcii'iui to rise in ])rice, and went
11]) in a few da\s from tliirty-tive to eiiihly-Hve.
When they had reached the price last naniell, aiul
vere in active demand, the minister issi'.'d and
sliiiped ujioii tlu! market new bonds cnou^di to
i'urnisii him with the needful 4, 000, 000 francs.
The trick was soon discovered, and the boiuls
dropjieil t(j twenty-eight. — C'vci.oi'Kdi.v ok Bioii.
J). 4(5.->.
621. BOOK, A great Gift. Prtrairh. [The
first of Latin scholars in his day.] The mani-
fold avocations of I'etrarch, love and friendsliii>,
liis various corresi)()ii(lence and frecpient ,iour-
iieys, the Roman laurel, and his elaborate coi7i-
positions in ])rose and verse, in Latin and Ital-
ian, diverted him from a foreign idiom ; and as
lie advanced in life, the alla;'nnfnt of the Greek
languages was the object of his -.n ishes rather than
of his lio])es. When he was ab )ul fifty years of
age, a By/antiiu; ainl)assad(ir, his friend, and a
master of bota tongues, presciited him wili a
copy of Homer; and the answe; of J'etr.arch is
at !)nce expressive (>f liis elooueirc, gratitude,
and regret. After ci'lel)rating the generosity of
the donor, and the value of a gift inoie i)recions
in his estimation than gold or ml le.s, ho thus
jiroceeds : " Vour present of the aenuine and
<iriginal text of the divine poet, lln' lauiitain of
Jill invention, is worthy of yourself and of na ;
you liav.v fullilled yotu- promise, and satisfied my
desires. Yet _\our lil)eralily is still imperfeci ;
vitii Homer you should have given me yourself
— a guide who could lead me into the fields of
ligli', and disclose to my wondering eyes (he
specious mirai'les of tlie Iliad and Ody.s,sey. But,
alas ! Homer is dumb, or I am deaf ; nor i.s it in
my jxiwer to enjoy the beauty \\liich I posse.s-s.
I have .seated liiiii iiy the side of Plato, the prineo
of poets near the prince of ))liilosoi)liers ; and I
glorv in the si.irht of my illustrious guests. — Giii-
iio.n's {{o.mi^:, eh. (id.
»Wa. BOOK, Undelivered. Sniiaiil .loldiKnii. lie
^ this year resumed his scheme of giving a', .'diiion
j of Siiakesjieare with notes. He issued |,ro]>o.sal!:i
[ of considerable lengl'i, . . . Iiut his indolence
prevented him from pursuing it with that dili-
j .uence which alone can collect those scattered
facts, that genius, however acute, itenetrating,
and luminous, cannot discover by its own force.
, . . Vet nine years elap.sed before it saw the
light. His throes in bringing it forth had been
severe and remittent ; and at last we may almo-st
conclude that the t'a'sarean oiieration was jxt-
forined by the knife of t'lmrchill, whose upbraid-
ing satire, 1 dare say, made .lolinson's iricuds
urge him to des]iateli.
" Jle for subscribers baits liis hook,
And t.ikes your cash ; but where's the book ?
l\o matter where; wise fear, you know,
Forbids the robbing of a foe ;
But what, to .serve our private ends.
Forbids the cliealin.ir of our friends v"
— BoswKi.i.'s Johnson, p. 85.
6*23. BOOKS burned. />'// llnnfimnn. FDiir-
iiig the rei.irii of James II. and William III.] se-
ditious, treasonable, and unliceiised book.s and
pamphlets [were burned by the hangman at
(hariiig Cross, by order of Parliament]. —
IvNKiiiT's I<]N(;., vol. 5, ell. 10, p. 15H.
624. BOOKS, Dearth of. Eiif/lnnd. An cf-
quire ]ias.sed among his neighbors for a great
scholar if Iludibrasand Baker's (,'hronicle, Tarl-
ton's Jests and tlu,' Seven ('hanii)ioiis of Christen-
dom lay in lus hall window among the tisliing-
rods and fowling-])ieces. Tso circulating library,
no book society then existed even in the capital ;
but in the ca]iital those students who could not
afford to ])urcliase largely had a resource. The
shops of the great booksellers, near Saint Paul'.s
Churchyard, were crowded every day and all
day long with readers, imd ji known cn.stomer
was often permitted to carry a volume home.
. . . As to the lady of the manor and her
daughters, their literary stores generally con-
sisted of a i^rayer-book and a receipt-book. . . .
But during tlu^ latter part of the seventeenth
century, the culture of the female mind seem.s
to have been almost entirely neglected. If a
damsel Iiad the least smaltering of literature,
she was regarded as a i)ro(ligy. — >1.V(aui,ay's
En(J., ch. ;}.
625. BCOKS, Divine. Z,h(l<nri<ia. To the first
Zoroaster i. attriliuted the coni])osition of the
" Zendavesti," ii collection of books which he
pietended, '.ike the Koman Nunia. to have re-
ceive ' from heaven. These books )ie presented
to lii.s soverei.irn ffUstashji, the King of Bactri
and contirined their authority, •■ ■' • ; : s .<
vine mission, by performii"-. i. - .■ : '
very extraordinary uiiracl' •. i i ', ip !)(■
a convert, and abjured, iiloug \n 'i die g -s
part of his subjects
represented by ,sev( ;■
])revalenL religion Oi
'Mc wors:.,;
i lols, whii
I'lo.se coui
t!,
una;
1 di-
li. I-
Hi'-
111
HOOKS— no V.
torincd Sd/xtimit. — Tyti.iou's Hist., JJook 1,
th. 11.
iHUtt. BOOKS, Enchanted by. Wd-i/iiiif/hn Ti-
miiif/. From iiix clcvciitli year lie was jiassioimtc-
ly fonil of icadiiiiT voya.iics and travels, a little
lil)rary of wiiieli was witiiiii his reaeli ; and lie
used to .secrete candles to enable liini to read
tlieso transporting works in bed. The perusal of
such Ixioks irave bini a stronu; desire to jjo to sea,
luid at fourteen )h' bad almost made \ip his mind
to run away and be a sailor. IJut tiiere was a
(liflieulty in tlw; way. He had a particular aver-
nion to .salt pork, which Jie endeavored to over-
come by eatinuf it at every o))portunity. He also
endeavored to accusloni himself to u hard bed by
nlee])inj; on th(.' tioor of his room. Fortunately
for the infant literature of his c^oiuitry, the pork
^rew more disgust insj: instead of less, and the hard
lloor became har<ler. until lus pive uj) his ])ur-
])Ose of trying a sailor's life. — Cyci.oI'KDIA ok
]}i<)(i., p. 711).
ear. books, Forbidden. Rn'/ii of Elizuhcth.
" Whereas divers books," ran a royal ])roclama-
lion, "tilled with heresy, sedition, and trea.son,
]iav(3 of late and bo daily l)rou,i!;ht into the realm
out of foreign countries and places beyond seas,
«nd some also covertly printed within this realm
and cu.st abroad in sundry jiarts thereof, where-
by not only God is dishonored but also encour-
Jigement is given to di.sobey lawful ])rinces i>nd
governors," any person posses.sing such books
"shall be rei>orti'd and taken for a rebel, and
.shall without delay be executed for that offence
according to tlu; order of martial law." — Hist.
OF Eno. People, ^ 680.
62§. BOOKS, Passion for. Dr. ILu-rfy. [The
famous Dr. Harvey was attending physician to
(Charles I. During the tight at Edgehill, at the
commencement of the Revolution, ho withdrew
under a hedg,-, took a book out of his])'icket
Jiiul began to read ; l)ut he had not read long be-
fore a bullet grazed the ground ne.ar him, and
cau.setl him to renKjve.] — Knight's E.no., vol. 4,
ch. 1, p. G.
629. BOOKS, Publication of. lientvirtid. [In
16()3] the number of master i)rinters in IjOiulon
Ava.s limited to twenty ; no books were allowed
to be ])rinted out of London, exce])t at the two
imiversities and at York ; and all unlicensed
])ooks were to be .seized, and the jmblisher pun-
ished with heavy penalties. — KxiciUT's Eno.,
vol. 4, eh. 17.
6SO. BOOKS rejected. By r>iblM,rK. Milton
rould with difliculty lind a publisher for liis
" Paradise Lost ;" Crabbe's " library" and other
poems w'cre refused l)y Dodsley, JJcckctt, and
'other London ]iul)lishers, though .Mr. Murray
many years after i)urchased the <'opyright of
them for .t;:5()00. Keats could only get a jiub-
lisher by the aid of bis friends. . . . " Jiobinson
Crusoe " was refu.sed by one publisher after an-
other, and at last .sold to nil obscure bookseller
foratrille. . . . IJulwer's " Pelham" was at first
rejected. . . . The " Vestiges of Creation " was
repeatedly refused. Thackeray's " Vanity Fiur "
was rejected by a magazine. "Mary Burton"
and "Jane Eyre" went the round of the trade.
Howard olTered bis "Book of the Seasons" to
successive publishers. . . . " Unck; Tom's Cabin"
could scarcely tind a ]>iiblisher in Loudon. —
SMiLi:s' BriiKE BrxiUAi'itiEs, i). ,")i»»).
0:tl. BOOKS, Beligious. Sinnud Johnixm. T
fell into an inattention to religion, or an indifTer-
ence about it, in my ninth year. The church at
Lichtield, in which we had a .seal, wanted repa-
ration, so I was to go and lind a scat in other
churches ; and having bad eyes, and being awk-
ward about this, I used to go and rc.'id in the
fields on Sunday. This bidiil continued til! my
fourteenth year, and still I tind a great reluc-
tance to go to cliurcli. 1 then became a .sort of
lax talhrr against religion, for I did not much
^//«'/(/: against it ; and this lasted till I went to Ox-
ford, where it would not be miffrvnl. Wlieii at
Oxford I took up Law's " Serious Call to a Holy
Life," expecting to tind it a dull book (as such
books generally are), and perli.ips to laugh at it.
Jiut 1 found liaw (|uile an overmatch for me ;
and this was the first occasion of my thinking in
earnest of religion, after I becanii^ capabU^ of
rational iiKpiiry. — ISoswki.i.'s Johnson, p. i;5.
6.12. BOOKS, Scarcity of. Arje of (Jhn licmnnne.
The low state of liti'rature may b(^ figured from
the extreme scarcity of books, the subject.s on
which they were written, and the very liigh es-
timation which was jiut upon them by tlioso
who pos.sessed them. The gift of a trifling man-
uscript to a monastery of the life of a saint was
surticient to entitle the donor to the perpetual
prayers of the brotherhood, and a mass to be cele-
brated forever for the salvation of liis .soul. A
complete copy of the .sacred Scriittures given to
a city or State was esteemed a i)rincely donation.
The reputation of learning was (hen acipiired at
a very easy rate. Extracts from the different
works of the. Fathers literally transcribed, and
often i)atched together without order or connec-
tion, compo.se the valuable works of those lumi-
naries and instructors of the age; ; nothing wa.s
more common than those <'onimeiitaries, called
" Catena'," which were illustrations of .some of
the book.s of Scripture, by borrowing sentences
successively from half a dozen of the Fathers,
making each to illustrate a verse in bis turn. —
Tyti.ek's Hist., Book (i, ch. !}.
633. BOOTY, Division of. Trojun W<n\ The
troops had no regular ])ay ; tiny served at (heir
own charges alone. The levies were made l)y v.
general law obliging each family to furnish a
.soldier, luider a certain penalty. The only rec-
onipeii.se for the .service of individuals wa.s their
rated share of the booty, for none were al-
lowed to plunder for themselves ; everything was
brought into a common stock, and the division
was iniidi! by the chiefs, who had a larger pro-
portion f(jr their share. — Tvti.eii's Hist., Book
1, ch. 8.
631. BOY, Aii enchanted. Durid Crorhif. [At
Baltimore he saw a ship for the first time.] As
he stood on the dock, .gazing at the ship with open
(yes and mouth, bewilderetl at the sight, one of
(ho sailors accosted him and asked liim if ho,
would not like to go to Liverpool. Forgetting
his engagement with the wagoner, lie joyful'y
con.sented, and rushed off to the wagon to get
bis clothes, althougli ten minutes before he did
not know that there Wi s .such a thing as a ship
in the world. The Avag:;ner positively refu.sed
to let liim go. Watching his chance, however,
ho bundled up bis clothes and started for the
wharf ; but it .so chanced that, in turning the cor-
ner of a crowded street, he came full upon hi.s
MoY-MUAVKItY.
niiisicr.wlKi folliircd liiinniid l>rnii,i;hl liiiii Icick.
^('YCI.OI'KIIIA OH' I5l(>(i., p. (itU.
ttita. BOY, A precocious. TliiiiilxtiirliH. [Tlic-
iiiisii clcs, ilii' pnidcnl ircncrnl.l wliiii ii Itny,
wiiM full (if spirit, 1111(1 lire, ipiicU nl' iipjirc-
lii'iisioii, n.'iliii'tiily iiii'lincd to l)(>l(l iittciiipts. ninl
likely to miikc a i^^rciit st.ilcsiiinti. Ilishom's of
leisure ii 111 I vaciilioii lie spent, iiol, like other lioys,
in idleness and play ; Iml lie was always in\ciil-
iiii,' and eoinposiiiii; deelaiiiatio;is, the snlijeets of
wliieli were either the inipeailiineiil or defence
of soiiK' of Ills schoolfellows ; so llial liis master
vmdd often say : " Hoy, you will lie notliint;
coniinon or iiidilTerenI ; you will either he a
Messini^r or a curse to the coniniiinity." — I'l.i ■
TAUCII.
0:t6. . The \cw luif/hiiid ('mi rant.
A.i). 1721. {{eiijiimin | Franklin) . . .a lioy of
fifteen who wrote pieces for its liuiiihle <-oluiiiiis,
workeil in conii)osin!r the types, as well as in
lirinliiii; off the sheets, and himself, as car-
rier, distriliiited the papers to cusloincis. — Man-
CHokt'h r. S., vol. ;i, cli. !Jlt.
6.17. BOY, A reformed, Ihui,! Cmchrtt. [lie
ran away from home, and after two years' ali-
wnce he retiii'iied on a winter eve. lie had a
joyful welcome. | He :iow set at work in earnest
lo assist, his old father, to wlioiii lie had not jriveu
luuch lielj) or comfort, hitherto. Ii si.x m- 'tiis'
hard work lie jiaid one of his lather's v. tits,
wliich liad caused the old man much aa.xieiy.
Tlieii lie worked si.\ months more to canci'l a
note of ifii) which his father had ^.^ven, and
lirouiiht it t(; liis fatlici' as a |)reseiit. >.'e\t lie
went t,o work for sundry other moiillis, until he
liad provifled himself with a sui)ply of decent
clothes, ile was now nearly t weiiiy years of ajxc,
and beiniT much mortified with his inability to
read or write, he made a barji'ain with a (Quaker
Bchoolmaster, a!,'reeiiiLC to work two days on the
Quaker's farm for every three that lie' alteiidcil
Li.s .school. He jiicked iiji kiiowledire rapidly,
Mud after si.\ months of this arranireiiieiit he
could read, write, and ci])lier sulHcieiitly well for
the ordinary pur|)oses of life on the frontier. — •
Cvci.oi'i.DiA oi' l>io(;., p. liti,").
63H. BOY, Runaway. Jltiijuiii/n Fr(fid-Un.
A.n. Xl'S-i \'e\ed with th<' arbitrary ])roceedititrs
of tlie [AIa.ssaciiii,setts| assembly [which leijuired
liis lirotiier's ])aper to be supervised | . . . indiir-
nant also at the tyranny of a brother who, u.s a
p.'i.ssionato master, often beat his apprentice . . .
but .seven I ecu years old, sailed clandestinely for
New York ; and, liiidin;;: there no employment,
cro.ssed to Amboy ; went on foot to the Dela-
ware ; for want of a wind rowed in a boat from
JJurlinutoii to Philadelplii.a ; and bearing the
marks of liLs labor at tlie oar, weary, hunirry,
liavinjr ... a sinj^hi dollar . . . tlie runaway
a]iprentice— i^reatestof the sons (jf New Enirland
of tliat generation . . . stepjied nn shore to seek
food, occupiition, shelter, ami fortune. — Ha.n-
tltoi'T'H r. S., vol. ;5, cli. 2:j.
630. BOY, A "scientific." /.'«/»;•/ Striilnnxon.
Occa.sionally Robert experimented . . . upon
the cows in Wigham'.s enclosure, which lie elec-
trified by mean.s of his electric kite, makinuMhcn.
run about the field with their tails on end. —
Smii.ks' Buikk Bior.uAPiiiKs, p. 'u.
640. BOYHOOD, Dull. Ollrrr Goldxmith. Ol-
iver's education began when he was about
three years old— that is • say, he was gathered'
under the wingsof one < hose u-ood old mollier-
ly dames, found in e\ viJIaure, who cluck,
together llie whole calldw "d of the neighbor-
hood, to teach them tliiir li lit is and keep them
out of harm's way \pparciitly he did not
much |)rotit by it, for she confessed he was one
of the dullest boys she had ever dealt with, in-
somuch that she had sometimes doubted whether
it was ])ossible to make iiiiything of him : a
common case with imagiiialive children, who
are apt to be beiriiiled from the dry abstractions
of elementary study by the jiieluriiigs of the
fancy. — luviNo's Ooi.DsMiiii, ji. b").
611. BOYHOOD, Humble. I'iz^in-o. In for-
mer times the farmers of Spain let their ])igs
iiiam in large droves in the forests, attended by
a boy. who k<'pt them fniiii w.indcring too far,
and drove tliem at night to an enclosure near
home. I'i/arro, the compwror of I'eru, was ouo
of these jiig lendeis when Colimibus discovered
America in 14)t'J. He was then seventeen yet'ir«
of age — a rude, touirh, wilful lad, ignorant of
everything c.vceiit the manners and customs of
the iinimals he drove. To his dying day lie
could not write his nani(> or read a ,sentence. . . .
Here was a strange jiiece of timlicr to make ti
con(|ueror of — a swineherd, an illegitimate son.
igiior ,nt, livin;: in a secludiMJ region, iind re-
! garded by his own father iis the meanest of his
sciviinl ;."-('vci,oi'i,i»i N OK iiioo,, ]i. 8'il?.
6ia. BOYHOOD, Ingenuity in. Sir h<i<ir AV(r-
tiiii. liis fa\ 'rite playthings were lilllc .saws.
liammers, chisels, and hatchets, with which be
made many curious and ingenious machines.
There was a windmill in course of erection near
, his home. He watched the workmen with the
greatest intiTcst, and constructed a small model
; of the mill, which, one of his friends .said, was
j " as clean and curious a ]iiece of workmanslii]>
i lis the original," He was dissatisfied, linwever,
' with his mill, because it would not work when
there was no wind ; and therefore he addetl to
it a contrivance by which it could be ke|)t in
motion by a mouse. He niMde a wati'r-clock.
I the niotive-iiower of which •• the dropjiing of
I water on a wheel. . . , He cinistructed also a
i four-wheeled carriage, jiropelled by the ])erson
sitting in it. To amu,s(! his schoolfellows, he
made very ingenious kites, to the tails of which
■ he atlaclied lanterns of crimpled jiiiper. which,
lieing lighted by a candle, and sent iij) in the
; e\eniiig, alarmed the rustics of the parish. Ob-
ser^'iiig the shadows of the sun, he marked the
hours and half hours by'drivinu' in pegs on the
side of the liousi-, and at leiiulh perfected th<;
sun-dial which is still shown, — l'.\ii ro.N's Nkw •
TON, p. T-').
6451. BRA'VllRY in Battle. /V/w',/^.v. [When
the itomaiis besieged and captured I'etni they
: were met by \aliant men.) Of the Persian gar-
rison, 7(M) perislK'd in the siege, 2:11)0 surviveil to
defend the breach. One thousand and seventy
were destroyed with tire and sword in tlu; last
a,s.s,iult ; antf if 7:50 were made jirisoners, only 18
among them were found without the marks
of honorable wounds. The remaining .')0<> es-
c.'iped into the citadel, which they maintained
; w ithout any hopes (if relief, rejecting the fairest
terms of capitulaticn and .servic,-, lid they were
' lost in the (lames. They died in obedience to the
nUAVKItV
77
(tlllllONH ItliMK.
■nominiinds of tlirir inincc.
ch. 4-J.
eVi. . 2(),()00 (if/dinM/. 4(H),(MI().
[When llic P'rciich jiinl V'ciicliaii cniMiKliTH had
!ak(!ii till' siilmrl)s ol' Conslaiilinoplc, their ziiil
was lircd for ;ir ■iter licroi.siii. | \\y these (hiriiiu:
achievements, a reimiaiit of 20, 00(( Latins soiieit-
«'(! tile license of l)esiej>inir a capital wjiich con-
tninetl aiiove 4()(). <)(»() inliaiiitants, ai)le, thouy:li
not willinir, to heararnis in del'enceof tlieir eoiin-
Iry. — (iIIiiion's Uomk, cli. (K).
«I5. BRAVEEY, Brilliant. n.nilJnm'H. [At
W'hileliaven llie harlior contained ;t(M) vessels]
At (ia\lireai\, wiih two lioals and thirty one
men, \\{' landed on a wharf of the town, pro-
vi<le(l with a lantern and two tar liarrels. He
went alon(! to a fort, defendiiiLr the town, and.
tindini; it deserted, climlied oNcr the wall, and
spiked every fi'un, witliont alarniinj; the f^ar-
ri.son, who were all asleep in liie t!uard-lioiise
near l)y. Then he surrounded the jruard-house,
and look every man prisoner. N'e.xl, he s|)ranir
into the only other fort remainiuir, and spiked
its i^uns. All this, which was the work of ten
minutes, was accoini)lished without noise and
witliont resistance. The ships lieintc then at
his mercy, he made a hontire in the steeraj;e of
one of them, which lilazed up IhroULTli th(!
Iiatchway, while Jones and his men stood by,
pistol in hand, to keef) oft' the jieople, whom the
Humes had alarmed, and who now came rim-
ninj^ down to the shore in hundreds. To thi^
forts I was the cry. IJut the forts were iiarm-
iess. When liie tire had made such headway
that \\w destruction of the whole fleet seemed
certain, Captain Jones ;ravethe order to embark.
lie was the last to take his ])lace in the boat.
Ife moved off leisurely from the shore, and re-
gained ins ship without tlu^ loss of a man. The
people, however, succeeddl in contininu; the Wvv
to two or three .ships, But the whole coast was
panic-stricken, f^very able-bodied man joined
the comi)anies of patrolmen. It was many a
mi'nth before ihe inliaiiitants of that shore went
lo .•♦ieep at night without a certain dread of I'aul
Jom-s. — ("yclopkdi.v ov Hkx;., ]). !3Ho.
646. BRAVERY in Death. Cnlond Frank Mr
CiiUoniih. [Tins Confederate gmrrillawas capt-
ured in Mi.s.souri hy liie I'nion ai'iiiy.] A court-
martial was held, and he was .sentenced to !)<•
shot. . . . He received the information of liis fate
with perfect comiiosure, but protested against it.
Leaning against the fen^-e, lie vvi-ote a few lines
to his wife. 'I'liese, with liis vvjili li, he delivered
to the officer to be given to lier. I'poii the way
to his execution, he requested tlie privilege to
give the command to tire, which was granted.
All iK'ing ready he said ; ' What 1 have done.
I have done a.s ;i principle of right. Aim at the
heart. Fire I" Fom,.\i<u's !Sk< oxij Vkah ok
THE W.M{, ch. «. J). 178.
647. BRAVERY, Example of, Xii}h>1>"» f.
[In tlie lerrilile reverses wiiicb foiJowed Napo-
leon, he met the .\llies at Afis.J A live sliell
having fallen in front of one of his young bat-
talions, wliicli recoiled and wavercil in exp<'cta-
tion of an exi)losi(jn. Napoleon. V, /fj*si«ire them,
sptirred hi.s cliarirer l<jward the insrfywri^'nt of de-
struction, made liim smell the buriMing rriatch.
waited unshaken for the explosion, and was
blown HI). Rolling in tliedu.st with his mutilated
steed, and rising without ft woimd amid the pliiii-
ilils of his .soldiers, he calmly called for another
horse, and continued to brave flic "^rape-shot, an<l
to fly into the thickest of tia' battle. — Aijiiott'h
N.M'OLKON IJ., vol. ',', ch, 20.
6 •!«». BRAVERY, Exploit of, liriihjf of Lo>li.
\.\>. ITlttl. Joannes was Ihe first to cro.ss, and
Napoleon the second. Lannes, in titter reck-
lessness and desperation, spurred his maddened
horse info the very midst of tlu^ Austrian ranks,
and grasped a banner. Atfhat moment his horso
fell dead beneath him, and lialf ado/en swords
glittered ahove liis liead. With herculean
slreiigth and agility, he extricated himsc'lf from
the fallen steed, leaped Upon Ihe horse of all
Austrian oflicer behind the rider, iilunged his
sword through the liody of f he olUcer, and hurled
him from his saddle ; taking his seat li(> fought
iiis way back to his followers, having slain in
tiie niejee si.x of flu- Austrians with his own
hand. . . . Na[)oleon promoted Lannes on tho
spot. — AmtoT'r's N.M'oi.ko.n H., \o|. 1, ch. 5.
649. BRAVERY, Fearless. ]\7//i>nn Tf. In
10!M» \Villiani was hunting in the New Forest,
when he received a messa,i;'e thai Helie had de-
feated the .Normans and surjirised the city of
Mans. Without drawing l>il he galloped to tho
coast, and jumjied into a ves.sel lying al anchor.
The day was stormy, and the .sailors were unwill-
ing to embark. " Sail instantly !" cried the bold
man ; "kings are never drowned." . . . He wa.s
.soon at the head of liistroops. — IvNKiirr's Knu.,
vol. I, ell. ](!, J). 2:!0.
650. . (ohmd Moultri,'. ,\.i). 1776.
[The llrilish, under Admiral Lord Howe, wero
|)re| .iring to liombard the liatlery on Sullivan's
Island ill Charleston harbor, afterward called
Fort Moultrie. Ten guns against one.] Cajitain
Leniprier [said to the commantler :| " Well, col-
onel, wliiit do you think of it now V" " We shall
beat them," .said .Moultrie. " Th(! men-of-war,"
rejoined the caiifjiin, " will knock your fort
down in half an hour." " Tlien," said Moultrie,
" we will lie behind the ruins and prevent their
men from landing." [He drove tla; Hritish
away with a loss of only eleven men.]— li.\x-
i uohT's U. S., vol. 8, ch. (5().
651. BRAVERY, Heroic. Rohnt Ikirrenr.
[At the taking of Cadiz liy the English in 1596,
i'or'a time the result seemed doulitful ; but al thu
critical moment the Karl of Essex threw his own
s'andard over the wall. To save the honor of
the ensign, each soldier tried lobe first in follow-
ing it by leajiiiig down from the wall, sword in
hand. Tin- town was taken by their valor.]—
K.NKiiiT'rt Eno., vol. ;5, ch. 17, p. 2(5H.
6.VJ. . Rirhiird (lirni-mr. [In 1.59:$
\'icr .\dniiral Riciiard (Jrenville. with greatodds
against him, fought Ihe Indian fleet of Sjiainfrom
three in the afternoon to daybreak the next
morning. He] was three limes woun^lcd during
the action, in wliich he agsiin and again repiil.sed
the enemy, who constantly a,s.sailed him with
fresh vessels. At length the good sliii) lay upon
the waters like a log. Her captain proposed to
blow her up rather than surrender ; but the ma-
jority of the ei-ew com|H'lle(j jiim to yield him-
self a ])risoiier. He died in a few days, and hiit
l;ist words were : "Here die I, Richard Gren-
^ille, with a joyful and (juiet miud ; for that
HHAVEUY-HltlMKItV
T Iiuvc «'ii(Icil mv Ilff iiH a true Holdlcr oii^'lit to
ill), ll;rl<>in>; t'lir iijs cniinlry, imii'iii, I'l'li^iiin, iiiiil
liniinr." — Ivniiiiit'h Knii.,*vi)I. ;t, ill. IT, p. 'Ml.
0A:|. BBAVERY, Pre-eminenoe by, ./ixiii irf
Ari\ .loan of Arr, " an riitliiisiaMt lirrsclf, slii'
lilli (1 a ilispirilcd solilirrv anil a (lt's|)airin>r pin
plo Willi ciitlnisiasMi. 'rln' )iU'\\i srcrrt of In r
Mirri'SH \vaH llii' ImiIiIiii'ms cif Iut attacks, wlirn
'iiilitai'y srirnrr ri'ivosfil upon Iih raiitiniiH stnit-
,.j^ry,"--KNIIilll's Knii., Vol. 'J, I'll, (t, p. H7.
«5I. BRAVERY, Query of. Liiritliniiniiidiis.
'It Was rrniai'ki'il li\ j uiii' nl' tlii'ir aiuirnl kiii,L;s :
" Tlir I, an I hi'H ion in lis si 'li loin iiii|niri'i| I lie iiiini
lirr ol' tliiir riicinii's, lail the plan' wlicrc tliry
coiilil III' foiind, " — i'l.riMK n's ('i,i;o.mim;s.
«55. BRAVERY rewarded. I'lirmlixr. [Diir
in;^ a liirn- lialtli' \^itll tlir i\liiiri'isliiti's| Ma-
liomi'l was si'izi'd willi a siiddi-n t'aiiitinn' wliirli
d('i)rivrd him ol' Ids sriisrs. IIi- soon riTovi rnl
from till' swiMiii with a fan* all radiant with lio|ii'.
" I havi' siTii till' Spirit ol' Ood,' .said hi', "with
Ids war liorsi' lii'liind him. ilr was prr|)arinj; to
roiiihat on oiir sidi'. Whoi-vcr shall liavi' fonniit,
hravi'ly to-dav and dii'd of W')iiiids rcrrivcd in
I'riiiil will riifov I'.iradisi'." — L.v.mak'I'inm's Trii
KKV. p. 1(»H. '
Or»«. BRAVERY, Youthful. A'./V// -;/' Jniiws
.11. Oni' of llic prosiiilicd Covi nanti'i's. o\rr-
comi' liy sicknrss, had t'ound shi'lti'r in the
house of u ri'spntalilc widow, and had dii'il
llii'i'i'. Till' corpse was discovcri'd hy the laird
(d' Wi'slerhall. a iiettj' tyrant. . . . This man
jailled down the house of the poor woman, car
rii d away lur furniture, and. Icninir )ier and
Jier yoiinj;er children to wander in ihe fields,
dra>r'i?ed iier son Andrew, who was still a lad,
liefori Claverhoiise, who happ' /led |o Ik^ march
inir throiiirli that part of the nnintry. Claver
house was that day slraii/rely lenient. . . niitVVcs
terhall was ea^'er to si^rnalize lii-i loyalty, and e\
torled a sullen eoiiseiil. The ffillis weie loaded,
and the youth was told to |iuil his iioiiiiel over
his face. lie refused, and stood confronlin/f his
murderers wiih the IJible in his hand. " I can
look you in the face," he .said ; " I liavc- done
pothiiiir of which I need he ashamed. J?iif how
"will you look in llait day when you shall he
judiced liy what is written in this hook ';'" He
fell dead, .and was buried in the moor. — .M.\( .m'-
l.^y's E.MJ., cli. 4.
657. BREAD, Public Provision of, HmDiui.i.
[Duriiii,^ the decline of the Koinaii I'lmpire.J for
the convenience of the l,i/y |)lel)eiaiis, the
monthly disirilailions of corn were comcrted
into a daily allowance of bread ; a irreat nuniber
of ovens were constnicted and mainlained at the
public expense; and at the ap|)ointed hour each
citizen, who was furnished with a ticket, as-
cended the lliiiht of steps, which had been as-
.sijrned lo his peculiar quarter or division, and
rec;^'ived, either as a trifl oral a very low i)rice.
a loaf of bread of the wei},dit of three pounds,
for the use of his family. — (iIHHon's Jio.MK,
ch. ;il.
«5W, BREAD Question, The. Pnrcdcnce lo.
[During the French Ue\oluiion hundreds of
market-women, attended by an armed mob of
men, went U> Versailles, to demand bread fd' the
Natioii.il Assembly, there heinir ii j-^'eat destitu-
tion ill P.iii< They entered the hall.] There
was a discussion upon the criminal laws. A Hsh-
woman cried out, " Stop that babbler; that in
not the ipiestion ; the ipiestion is about bread."
— KNiiiiir'.s Kmi., vol. 7, ch. I), p. ITK.
IWO, BREVITY, Famous. .IkHhd Cumir. In
the account he i;avi' .\iiiintius, oiieof his frienilH
in {{oiiie, of the rapidity and despatch witli
which he f^ained his victory, he made use only
of three words, " I came, I saw, I coniiuered."
'i'lieir haviiiir all the same form and termination
in the {{oiiiaii lanyuaire adds i^naee to their «'()n-
ciseiiess. — i'l.rrAm Ms C.DSAlt.
««0. BRIBERY, Contemned, Sir fxn'ir S'nr-
Inii. The duties of his otlici' were pelfol'llied by
him I in the royal mini | with signal ability and pu-
rity, lie was oll'eri'd on one occasion a bonus of
I'tlOIMI fiM' a contract for the coiiiai;i' of the coj)-
per money. Sir Isaac r. 'fused the otl'er on tlio
ground liiat il was a bribe in ilisi,niiM'. Tin)
aireiit arLHied the matter w itli him without elTect,
and said, .it leiiuth, that the oiler came from " ii
ixw.w dnclios. " The philosopher roiivdily leplieil.
•■ I desire you lo tell the lady thai if she wa.H
here herself , and had made me this olTer, 1 would
have desired her to iro oul ol my house ; and so
1 desire you, or yon shall be turned out. ' — I'au-
ton's Nkwion, p. H.").
tfOI. BRIBERY in Court. /•'"/■ <i I/'^irin;/.
|Tlie Mai^i!! <'harta| put an end to that encr-
nions corruption by wh'eli justice was sold, not
by mere ])ersonal bribery of corrupt ininislerH
of the Crown, lail by bribing' iheCrown throu;,di
their hands, '{'he rolls of the K.Mlieipier present
coiistaiil evidence of sums of money received by
the kill!,' to procure a heariiiiC in his courts. —
Kmoiit. vol. I, ell. 21, p :{l'.i.
m-I. BRIBERY, Disguised, Evf/fm,,/ [Ve-
nality was never < .irried farllnr .Mr. llallam
.says :| ■' The sale of .seats in Pariiaineiil. likeany
otiier transferable |'M'operl\'. is never meiitioned
in any t)ook thai I reiiieiiilur to have seen of an
earlienlate than ITIiO. " Bribery in theapproved
form of selliiii; a pair of jack boots fcr ;!l) j^iiiii-
eiis, and a pair of wash-leather breeches for £")(),
was iiolorioiis eiiou;.di to be 1; nulled at by Footc.
Dr. .loiiiison held that if he were a jrenlleman
of landed proiierly. he wmild liirn • il all his ten-
ants who did not vote for the candidate whom
he sn|ipi;ited." — Kniohi's Ks' , vol. 0. ch, 16,
11. 247.
««tj. BRIBERY, Legislative. f.VMM) /;,/./ \;,t<:
[111 the Irish j'ailiameiil, in ISOO. liieie wa.s il
irreat coniest in bribery. Lord ( 'a^ili rea^li
writes to the Duke of Porlland ;] We have un-
doubted proofs. Ihouifh not such as we can dis-
close, that they are enabled lo olTer as hiuh as
I'.IOIM) for an individual vote, and 1 lament to
stale that there are iiidi\idu;ils remainin,i;'
anions ns that are likely to yield to this lemp-
tatioiK — K.NKWir's K.nc. vol. 7, eh. '21. p. ;j78.
««1.|, . (',>„iw»„.s. [In Hm Ed-
mund Waller, once a famous ]ioei and member
I of Parliament, was arrcsled as a coiis|)iralor
in a |)li)t lo briiii,'' the kiiiL's troi>ps into the
! capital durinir the civil war. Aubrey .says ;] He
had much ado to .save his life ; .iiid in order
to do it sold his estate in Bedfonlsliire. worth
,t:i;«)() per annum, to Dr. AVriirhl, for i;i(),0(M)
(much under value), which was procured in
tweiilv-four hours' time, or else he had been
nUIHEUY
T9
liuiiKcrl, With tlii.>< nionry ho hriln-d the Houh*',
which wiiN lh( tlrnt time ii I louse of ('oiiiiiioiis
wim I'vtr hrilM'd.^lvNKiiiTH Knii., vol. 4, eh. 1.
0«5. ■ , Si;,(ch htdiiimtHt. [In ITl'J
f-ord Oxforil Htii(l) the Scotch lords were ltowii
so cxlnivii^'iint in their dciimiids, thai il was
hii;h time to let lliciii sec they \ver(^ not so
niiicli wanted as tliey inia^rined, for tliey were
now come to e.\|)ecl a reward for every vote
tliev pive. — K.MdIIT'rt K.N(i., Vol. T), cll. 21,
I.. I'iSO.
<M»«. . ynrHHitry. (In KlltO] Sir
Joiin Trevor, Iwini; a 'I'ory in |)rinci|ile, under-
took to nianap' tliat jiartv, i>rovided lie was fur-
nished with such sums oi' money as mi;,dit pur-
chase .sonu! votes ; and liy him iiepui the pra( lice
of huyiiii'; olT men. 'I'iie kin;? (William II1.(
said he lia'ed the practice as nnicli as any man
could do ; hut he saw it was not possihle, ciaisid-
erin;? the corruption of the aire, to avoid it, un-
less he woidd enilani^er the whole. — K.MOM'r's
E.Nd., vol. 5, eh. 7, p. lOO.
««7. — . J)iikrofXrirr,istlr. (The
Duke of Newcastle, one of the chief advisers of
(Jeorjic II. in 1747, [ wis the most adroit and ex
perienced tralllcker for seats in the Mouse of
('oinmons. He liouj;ht liorcaiirhs with a profuse
employment of his own wealth, t,hal made his
family power almost, iiresistilile. lie hou^ihl
nicmlier.s with the secret -servic<' money. He
cajoled; he prondsed ; and if whccdlinu and ly-
in>; were in vain, he freely paid. This was New-
castle's pecuiiiU' talent. He hutri,'ed the dirly
work Ir his liosom as if it were the ;rreat, uiory
of his life. He would share with no man the
distinction of hrihiii"; for votes, — K.Moii'r's
E.Nd.,
(I,
I •3,
«««. BRIBERY of the Needy, l-\n- h'mi.rmr.
[In irdK, when the electors of (iermany voted
tor an emperor in place of .M.ixinulian, dc
ceaised, Heiu'y VI 11, of En^dand, Francis 1.
of France, and Charles of Spain wire all andii-
tious candidates for the vacant throne, j Each
of these monarchs had briliedthe nee(ly elecloial
l)rinces to an enormous extent. The skiKul
nianaifcnicnt of Charles secured his unaMimmis
election. — K.Niiiirr's E.no., vol. 2, c h. 17, p. ~:M.
««f>. BRIBERY, Occasion for. Sw,(/l Pui/.
'V\h\ comptroller of the mint (who was a priest (
Avas usually a johher of the rankest character.
And all tlu; civil-ollicers were underpaid in their
siilari<"4. Thcv all
(1 to LM-anls
d
for their reward ; and Ihey all lived upon some
thini? even hetter than exix'ctancy, for they all
were hrihed. The secondary otllces were opeidy
bou^jlit. There was small pay, hut lari^-e pecu-
l.'ilion. Il was in vain that Eatimer cried out to
the youn;^ Kini,? Edward, "Such as he meet to
hear ollice, s"ek them out ; lure them ; ^ive them
competent and liheral fees, that they shall not
need to take an>' hrihes." . . . The hii^di ])laces
of the law were those in which thc! hrilx^ was
most re;;^ularly adndnislered. When IJacon fell
in the next half c(nlury, for receivini,Oirilies, Iki
followed the most api)ioved precedents, accord-
ing to which chancellors luid chief-justices he-
fore him miuntained their .stale and ennohled
their posterity. . . . The hribery of juries was
so common, that a man-killer with rich friends
could escape for a crown jiroperly adnunistered
to each quest -mon^fcr ; for .so the vendor of a
verdict wa.s called. ( a i>. 1547.1 — KxKiiir'rt
Enu., vol. 2, ch. '28, p. MVi.
OrO. BRIBERY, Papal. Ah.vimhr VI. A|v.
plication was made to the Pupe for a di\iirce [of
Charles XII. from .leamie his wifej ; and Alex-
ander, who was not a man to hesitate at any in-
famy, provided he obtained his price, readily
a^rreed to pronoiMice the desireil seiilenic in re-
turn for certain honors and rewards to he con-
ferred upon his son Ca'sar Morgia. — Sriin.Nrs'
Fn.\N(i;, ch. Ki, ^ I p. 2M:i.
«» I. BRIBERY, Periloui. Mhuii,!,,^. The sa-
(•red war had now lasted ahoul ten yeiu^ ; and
every campaiizn had ;ii\en a fri--h ac(|in'iiioii uf
iiowcr to the darimr and the politic Macedoni ,m.
The Athenian'^, tindini:' no ad\aiUai:e on their
]iai1, and heartily tired of ho,'^tililie-., w lii( h uave
too much interru|)tion to ilieii' lavorile ease
anil luxurious enjoyments, sent amlia>'«adors to
I'hilipwilh instrui lions to m collate a liemral
peace, Mill he hrihed the aliilias>adM|><. spun
out till' iicu-olialioiis. and in the mean lime jiro-
ceeih I ill the most vigorous pidse<utioii of the
war, 'J'liis conduct mi^lil have o|)ened llie eyes
of the Athenians, had not their con u|ileil ora-
tors, the pensioners of l'hili|i, l.ihoiid a'->idu-
oiisly to foster their hiiiid security. . . . Fliilip
poured down like a torrent and carrieil ,ill he-
lore him. . . . I'hilip hecame the arbiter of
(Jrc'ce. — Tvri.t.it's llisr., lii.ok2, ch. '■>.
iWi. BRIBERY, Reproach of. Jh i/,-is//hiiis.
llarpaliis had the cliiiii;c ot Alexaiidcr > tieas-
uri! in Habylon, and. tlallerinu' himself that hi;
would never return from his Indian exiiedition,
he gave into all inanner ot ciinies and excesses.
At last, when Iw found that Alexander was
leally returning, and that he took a severe ac-
count of such peo|>leas himself, he thou;: I it prop-
er to march off, with r)t)()() talents and tlOllO men,
into Attica. [Note. ( ... As he ajiiilied to tlio
]ieo|)le of Athens for shelter, and desired protei'-
tioii . . . most of the orators had an eye u])oii tlu!
gold, lUid supported liisai>plicalion with all their
interest. Demosthenes a I first advised them lo or-
der llar|)aliis olf immediately, and lo be ]iarlicu-
larh careful not lo iiivohc the i ily in war again,
w illiout any jiisi or necessary cause. Vet a fewr
days after, when they were taking an account
of the treasure, llarpalus, ])ercci\ ing that De-
mosthenes was much pleased with one of llio
king's ciiiis, and stood admiring the worknian-
ship and fashion, dcsiieil him lo take il in his
hand, and feel the weight of the gold. Deino.s-
theiies being suri)rised at the weitihl. and asking
llarpalus how much it might bring, he sinileil,
and said, " It will bring vou twenty talents."
And as soon as it was night, he sent him tlu?
(Ill) with that sum. For llarpalus knew well
ciioiigli how to distinguish a iiian's ])assi()n for
gold by his ])leasure at the sight and the keen
looks he cast upon it. Demostlieiies could not ro
sist the teni|itatioii . . . lie received the inoney . . .
and went over to the interest of Har|>aliis. Next
day he caiiu^ into the assembly with a (luanlity
of wool and bandages about his neck ; and when
the ])eo|ile called upon him to get up and speak,
he made signs that he had lost his voice. I'poii
which some that wen; hy .said, "it was no com-
mon hoarseness that he got in the night ; it was
a hoarseness occasioned hy swallowing gold and
.sil'.er." Afterward, whcji all the peojile were}
80
in{im;i{Y-Hi iM>i\o.
iippriiiscd of Ills tiikinu llic l)nlic, iiiul li<- w itiitcil
to NpiMik in his own (Icrrricc, liicy woiilil not
siilTi'i' him, lull I'liiHi'il II clainor, luiil cxprcHMil
tlicir iiiilii;iiiitioii. At the •*n\nv lime hoiiu'IkhIv
or oilier Ntootl iih Mini Niiid xneeriiii;l.v, Will
yoii not, listen to ilie mini witli tlieewp V "— I'l.t •
TAUCII.
6r:». BRIBERY rewnted. st< jih.n .1. /A'",'/'"".
His ciireer in < 'oiijri-cMs preseiilsii Hiniiiire mi\l-
lire of j: I 1111(1 evil. I believe ilmt lie wiis
an ineorniplilile man, tlioiiirli no oin ever liad
mon; or lieller elninces to ^aiii money unlaw-
fully. Once wlieii lie wiiH eonllned to Ills room
liy an aliscess, lie wa-^ waited upon hy ii million-
tire, wli(» otVered to |i;ive liiin ii deeil lor two
.iiid II half million uereM of land, now worlli
)|;a(),()(Wt,(MMt, if he would merely nive up a eer
tain cloeuiuent. " I jiiin|)ed for my erutches,"
Douglas Used to say in lellinj; the htory ; "he
run from the room, am' I piv<' him a partinif
lilow iii)on the head," — (.'v(i.<)n;i)iA iiK Ilnxi,,
p. 2(K».
«M. BRIBERY, Rojfl.I. Chorh- I f. Tlieloni;
jiioro^'ation of the I'arli.'i.iient m Novemlier,
lfl7r(, was II speeillc iirianp'ment hetweeii
Charles I IF. j and Louis |XIV.|, for which the
unworthy Kiiit.'' of KiiLNimd received ,'")(l(t,(M>U
<'rowiis [from the Kiiijj; of France. | — K.nkiut ^
Kn(i., vol. 4, eh. -20.
«r5. BRIBERY, Seeming. lin'nn ,,/ ('Innlrn I!.
[liOuls XIV. sent corruption money to Knirliuid. |
The most uprii,dit inemlicrof the country imrty,
William, Lord Hus.sell, .son of the Karl of Heil-
ford, did not scruple to concert with ii foreiirn
mission schemes for emharra.ssiiifr hisown sover-
«'ifrn, This was the wholes extent of Kuss( H's
olTeiice. His princiiiles and his fortune alike
raised him uliovo all t(>mptations of ' sordid
kind ; hut there is too much reason ^^, helieve
that some of his associates were less scrupulous.
It woulil lie unjust to im])nte to them the ex-
trcnu- wickedness •' tiikinj^ lirilies to injure? their
i'ountry. On the. itrary, they meant to serve
her ; hut it is impos.-.ihlo to deny that they were
mean and indelicate enon^di to let ii foreiifn
iirince pay them for .servinj^ her. — >L\(aui,ay'.s
']N(i., ch.2.
676. BRIBES rejected. Sa m v el A da in s.
'■ Why," asked one of the Kiiirlish Tories of the
Tory governor of .Ma.s.sachusetls — "why hath
not Mr. Adams been taken olT from liis ojiposi-
tion by an ollice y" To which the i;overnor re-
jilied : "Such is the obstinacy iiiiil intlexible
dis|)osition of the man, that he never would be
conciliated by any ollice whatever." This was
indeed the truth. Mis dauirhter, who loni,' s\ir-
vived him, and with whom lixirnf iiersons have
<"onversed, u.sed to say that her father once
refused ii ])ension fMiiu the Mrilish (J(!vern-
inent of .t;2()()() a year. Once, when a se-
cret nicsseiiijcr from (Jeiieriil (Jiif^e threatened
him with a trial for treason if he persisted in
Lis ()p])()sition to the f^overnment, and iiromised
him honors and wealth if he would desist,
Adams rose to his feet, and pive him thi.s an-
swer : " Sir, r trust I have loii;^ since made i:iy
peace with the ICini; of kintrs. No personal
consideration shall induce iik' to almndon the
righteous cause of my country. Tell (Jovernor
Oiige it is the advice of Samuel Adams to him
no Innj^er to inmilt thi> fi-i'lln^^H of an cxuMner.
aled p«i)pU',"— (!Y»'l.ctl«Ki>i.\ <»k Hioo,, p, '-':«!.
67r. BROTHEKHOOD acknowledged. Awri-
run liiiliiiiiH, They In d tin bonds of brolher-
liooilsudear, that a biniher commonly piiyM the
debt of a deci'iised brother, and ii^sui'nes \\\h re-
venire and his jierils. There are no iM-j^'^raiH
anioiiL: them, no fatherless children uniirovided
tor. 'I'he biniilies that (hc'll loL'ellicr, hunt lo-
L'clher. loam toKcllier, Iiiiil to^etlier. conslilnlo
a tribe. — IJ.v.NiiioKTS U. S , vol. ii, ( h. 2'J.
6T«. BROTHERS, Dlvi»ion between. Itomnhin
iiiiil lliiitnu. I in I he roimdln;rof l{omellie| two
brothns llrst dilTcred about the placr- w hcrti
their lit w' city was to be built, and nferrimr tlin
matter to their jrraiidfather, he advised them bt
have it decided by augury. In IIiIh auK"ry
Kmnnlus imposed upon Itcinus ; and wluin tlio
foriMcr prevailed that the cilvshoujil be built
upon .Mount Palatine, the builders, beimidlvidcd
into two companies, were no better than two
factions. At last, Uemus, in contein|)t, leaped
over the work, n mI said, ".lust so will tho
enemy leap over it : ' whereupon Celer >,'ave him
II deadly bl.iw, and answered, " In this niatmer
will oiir citizens repulse the enemy." Homo
say that Homulus was ,so alllicled at the death
ofliis brother, that he would have laid vioh'iil
liaiuls upon himself if he had not been pre-
vented. — I'l.tT.MtCH'H KoMt'MS.
Wtn. BRUTALITY of Periecutori. Dr. How.
biiiil 'I'lijihir. I At the slake) he would hiiTe
spoken to them, but tlu! ^!:uard thrust ii ti|)-
.stalf into his mouth. As they were Jiilin;? tho
fagots, a brutal man cast ii fajfot at him, which
w(auuled him so that tho blood run down his
face. "O friend," said he, " I liave harm
enouffh ; what need that ?" Let us draw n veil
over his sulTerinf;s, and see only the jioor wom-
an [his wife] who knelt at this stake to join in
his i)rayers, ami would im be driven avviiy. —
Kmoiit's I'Lno., vol. H, eh. ft.
6W0. BRUTEE, Immortality of. Sfimnel Jofin-
Hint. An essay, written bv Mr. Deane, a diviiK!
of the Church of Enf;l.iii(I. maintainiiifj the
future lifi' of brutes, by an explication of cer-
tain ])arts of the S( riptures, w:is meiitionc'd, and
the doctrine i'lsistccl on liy a gentleman who
seemed fond of curious speculation. . . . When
the; ])oor .specniati.sl, witli a serious me'npliy.si-
cal iiensive face, addressed him, " Hut real-
Iv, sir, when we see a very sensilile doj^, we
don't know what to think of him." .Johnson,
rollinj; with joy at the thouji;ht which beamed
in his eye, turned quickly round, and replied,
" True, sir ; and when wi see a very foolish
fellow, we don't know what to think of hiiii" —
IJOSWKI.I.'S .loiINHON, p. iri.').
6**1. BUILDING, Colossal. Cobmmnn. The
amphitheatre of Titus, which so well deserved
the epithet of colossal, . . . was a b\iildiiii;<)f an
elliptic figure, live hundred and sixty tour feet
ill length, and four hundred and sixty-seven in
lireadth, founded on fourscore arches, and rising,
with four successive orders of architecture, to tin;
lieight of Olio hundred and forty feet. The out-
side of the edifice was inerusted with rnarble,
and decorated with .statues. The slopes of tho
vast concave which formed the inside were filled
and surrounded with sixty or eighty rows of
Bi;il,l>IN<i lU UI.VI,
si
("PUIS of mnrlilf llk»** i-^c covered wiili niMliiotiJi,
iiiiil CRpalde of recelviiif; willi iii^e uhoiil four-
--(•ore tlioiiHund Nju'diitorM. Sixty four I'^nnilorim
((■f)rlty tlml name \li' doors \\i re very (i|illy dix
llli^''<'«|ied)[M)(ii-i'd lortlitlieiinnieiisc iniilliiiiili' ;
Biul ilie etilriiiices, |)u.-v<ni,'e-<, iiitd -"'idrriises \\>i'e
ciitilrived with mikIi i'X(|idNite skill, tliiit eiieh
person, wlielliiMdi the .leimtoriid, llie eiinestrluii,
or till' pli'lteiilll ('rdcr.lirrivetl lit llin destilicil idiue
witliniii iroidtle or confiisioii, Nutliini; wim
"iiiilti'd wlii'li, ill iiiiy respt'il, ( oidd lie •-iili'^ei'-
lelll lo Ilie eoiiveliiell«-e and idensiin I' the
Np(<('l)ktorM. 'I'lley were prolectiil ti'oiii the him
nixl ruin liy im niiifili; eniiopy, occiiHin/ially
druwn over tiieir liemix. 'I'jie air wii- rniitinu-
ally n ([■eslied liy the jilm iiii; ol loiii\i;i.ii and
profusely lmpre;rniiled by llie /.M'alel rcci!!
of Hromaties. In the centre of the eilitii e the
urena, orstii^e, wi-; strewed with the (liii-«i .and,
Ui'id HuccesMively ^iSMPmed the niosi (iitTereiil
furmx. Atom; moment it si^'ined to rise out of
tlu! earth, like ''le jjarden of the Jlesperides,
Hiid Wits afterward hrokeii into the rocks iiiid
caverns of TliriK c The suliterraneous pipes
conveyed an iiiexhaiisti Ml Kupply of water , and
wliat liiul just JH'lore apiH'ured a level plain
ml^hl Ih! Hiidiieidy corivejteii into a wide lake
covered with armed vessi I- nnd replenished with
inonsters id' the dt-ep. |Fiirniture oi (.llvei . and
of f^ohl, and of anilier. | — Gihuon's Uo.mk, ch.
12.
683. BIJILDINO oppoied. Il^'ign ofjuwfo II.
[I>urin/z the Duke of iSionmoutli's rehellion in the
West) the commons authorized tlie king to raise
an -xtriiordinarysumof .£4(M).(M)() for his prcHeut
neeessities. . . . The scheme of taxiiiif houses
liilelj' huilt in the capita! was revived ami streini
ously supportiid by the country peiitlenieii.
was resolved, not only that such houses slm ..d
lie taxed, liiit that a hill should Im; hrouglit in pro
hiliiting the layiiij.; of any new foundations with-
in tin; hills of mortality. '\'\w. resolution, how-
ever, was not carried intoelfei i Powerful nii'ii
who had land in the suliurlis, and who hojied In
see new streets and .sipiares rise on their estates,
exerted all tlieir intlueiieo against the project. —
Macaiilav's E.N«., ch. r».
683. BUILDING, Ruined by. M'arrun CiutHHUK.
("nussu.s observed how liable Ihccitv wasto tires,
and how freipiently hou.ses fell (lown ; which
misfortunes were owiiij? to Uie weii^ht of the
tiuildinL,fs, and their standiiif^ so close together.
Inconsequence of this, In; provided hiin.s(df with
slaves wdio were ciiriH'iUers and masons, and
W(!nt on collecting them until he had upward of
live hundred. Tnen he math; it his business to
buy houses tli:il were on lire, and others that
joined upon them ; and he (ommoidy had them
at a low price, by rea.son of the fears and distress
the owners were in about the event. Hen c, in
time, he became miuster of a great part of Home.
Hut though he had so many workmen, he built
no more for lumself than one hou.se in which he
lived. For he used to .say, "Thai tho.se who
love building will soon rui' themselves, and
need no other enemies." — Pll rAiicii's Ckassls.
684. BURIAL, Companions in. White Ilunit.
Gorgo, whi<Ji, under llieapjiellation of ("nriznie,
ha.s .since enjoyed a temporary splendor, was the
residence of the king, who exerci.sed a legal
authority over an obeclient peojile. . . . Theoidy
vestige of their iincletil harbarii>iii wmn the eui*
toll! which obliged all the i om|>aidoiiM. pirliap^
to 'he niindii rof twenty, who had shared the lib
ei'iifity of II wealthy lord, to be binird alive in
the same grave.- (JinnoN's Komk, «h. '»'ll
685. BURIAL quMtion(d. ( nmnnVH 'j'hey
^ive him a niiiunilii I'lii funeral in the old \bbey.
wheie they had buried MlaUi iiiid the I'luii ctor's
mother. Hut \\ bell Charles Stuart red riii>l, the
bodies Were taken up and buried m Tsbiirii,
the head of Cromwell ( \iiosed over \\\ -liiiiiisler
Hall. The dastards anil the funis ! liut, after
all, it is not certain that the Imily buried in the
Abbey wii^ his body. In a rare ohl \nlunie we
have — one iiundred and si\ty years old — it is eon-
tidelitly as-i ited, on the aulb.irity of the niirso
of Cromwell, thill he was piivately buried by
niglit in the TliaPies, in order to avert the in-
dignities which It WHS foreseen wmild be
wreiil I'd on his body ; aid this by his ov\ n diri'c-
lion. Otliir rumors assign anoilier ^jioi to hi«
burial. Ah \\> !' ! it matters lillle. We know
where his work is, and how far llin is biiiied.
We see liiiii .ding then . ushcrinL; in a new
rill e of Knglisli kings. — Hood'h Cku.mwki.i., p
2'J7.
686. BURIAL, Reipeot by. IhiKhfiihl. Nieinm
happened to leave ilic bodies of two of his men
who W(Te missed in 'arrying olT the di ad. Hut
us soon us br knew it, he stopp(>(l his mrse. and
sent a herald to the enemy, to ask have lo take
away those bodies. This he did, though lh<!re
wns a law and custom subsisting by which
thos(; who d( sire a treaty fur carrying olf th«
dead givi- up the victory, aiiii are not at liberty
to erect a trophy. And, indeed, tho.si! who are
HO far ma.sters of the field, that the enemy can-
not bury theii dead without permission, appear
to be compierors, because n>i man would »sk
that as a fiM or which he could command.
\icias, how ■ er, ch'ise rather lo lose hi^ laurels
than lo leave two of his couatrynien unburied.
- !'l,l.TA»(H.
687. BURIAL, Secreted. Ahirir. The frro-
eioiis character of the barbarians j who invaded
Italy] was displayed in the funeral of a hero
whose valor and fortune they (!elebrate(i with
mournful applause. Hy the labor of a cajitive
multitude, they forcibly diverted the cour.se of
the Busenlinus, a sinall river that washes the
walls of Consenlia. The royal sepliichre, adorn-
ed with the splendid spoils and Iroiiliiesof Rome,
was constructed in I be vaeinit beil ; the waters
were then restored to their natural channel ; and
th(> secret spot where the remains of Alaric had
been dejiositcd was forever concealeil by 'he in
human nia.s.sacre of the prisoners who had been
emplo\ed to e.xeeiile IIk; work. — (tiitnoNV
Ho.Mi;; ch. ;i;5.
688. BURIAL, A Tyrant'u. Atlihi. [He died
suddenly, from the bursting of an arleiy.] His
body was solemnly ev nosed in |he midst of the
plain, under a silken |)avilion ; and the chosen
s(|uadroiis of the Huns, wheeling round in meas-
ureil evolutions, chanted a fuiier.il soiil' to the
memory of a Hero, glorious in liis life, invin(;ible
in his death, the father of his jieople, the scourgo
of his enemies, ami the terror of the world. Ac-
cording to their national custom, tlu; barbarians
cut olf a part of their hair, gashed their faces
with un.seuinly wounds, and bewailed their vu-
IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)
1.0
I.I
1.25
1^
aai2.e
|50 "^"
Ui 1^ |?.2
m ..„ iii«2.o
I
Hi
I
^ 1^
-••
HiotDgraphic
Sciences
Corporation
23 WEST MAIN STREET
W«BSTER,N.Y. 14580
(716) 873-4503
4^
/a
«2
ul-sine«s-cal:\iness.
linnt leader nfl lio dcservod, noi with thn trnra
of ■woiiu.'M, but with the l)i()()d of warriorM. Tiii-
remains of Attiliv were enclosed within l/uve
roflins — of jrold, of silver, and of iron — and
privately buried h\ IIk; ni!,dit ; the spoils of na-
tions were thrown into Ids jfrave ; the captives
who liad opened tlu; ground were inhumanly
inassnered ; and the same JIuns, who had in-
<iulged Bueli excessive grief, feasted, with disso-
lute and intem])erale mirth, about the recent
Hepulehre of their king. — GinnoN's Homk, eh.
689. B'JSINEEJ detested. J,i:t'f.'< Wnlt. He
was tinud and reserved . . . he hated higgling,
and deeliired tliat lie would rather "face a
loaded cannon than s(!ttle an accoiuit or make a
b;>rgain." — SMiuca' Hkikk JJiocu.MMiiiis, p. !5;i.
690. BUSINESS, Joys of. ('iKtnnrty Jinme.
[The famous brass clockmaker was made al-
most dizzy, early in liis career, | by jin order from
South Carolina for twelve clocks. When he
finished his clocks and was conveying them to
the appointed place in a farmer's wagon, he was
])erfectly bewildered at the idea of having so im-
mense a sum as $144 all at once, and all his own.
He could not believe that such good fortune was
in store for him. He thought something would
be sure to liapiien to prevent his receiving the
money. But no ; las customer was ready, and
slowly counted out the smu in silver, aiid the
clockmaker took it with trembling hands, and
cairied it home, dreading lest some robbers
might ha'^'e heard of his vast wealth, and were
in ambush to rob and murder him. — Cyclo-
pedia OK Biocj., p. 21iJ.
691. BUSINESS, Nobility in. Enrihind. In an
age of loose morality among the higher cla.s.ses,
Burnet writes, in 17C8 : " As for the men of trade
and business, they are, generally speaking, the
best body in the nation— generous, sober, chari-
table."— Knight's Eno., vol. 5, cii. 3, p. 41.
692. BUSINESS prevented. BoyroUing. Bon-
ton Patriots. A.D. 1761). The people of Boston
. . . were impatient that a son of [Tory Govern-
or] Bernard, two sons of [Lieutenant-Governor]
Hutchinson, and about live others would not ac-
c<;de to the agreement [not to import tea while it
was taxed]. At a great public meeting of mer-
chants in Fancuil Hall, , . , as the best means of
coercion it was voted not to purchase an)'thing
of the recusants ; sub.scription papers to that ef-
fect were carried roimd from hou.se to house, and
evervbody complied. — Baxckoft's U. S., vol. 6,
ch. \i.
693. CALAMITIES combined. Bcianof dluirUs
II. London sullered two great disasters, «uch
as never, in so short a time, befell one city. A
))estilence. sur])assing in horror any that during
three centuries had visiteil the island, swept
away, in six months, more than a luiudred thou-
sand hrman beings ; and scarcely had the dead-
<'art ceased to go its rounds, when a fire, such as
liad not been known in Eurf)pe since tlie conlla-
gration of Home imder Nero, laid in ruins the
whole city, from the Tower to the Temple, and
from the river to the purlieus of Smithlield. —
Macallay's Eno., ch. 2.
694. CALAMITIES desired. Piif/nnfi. After
the fall of Serapis [by the attack of the Chris-
tiau«, in which the dismembered image was drag-
ge<l thnmgh the streets of Alexandria] somo
hoiM's were entertained i)V the i)agiuis that tins
indignation of the gods would be expres.sed by
the rcfn.sal of tlie Nile's annual intmdation ; but
the waters began to swell with mo.st unu.sual ra-
pidity. They im)w comforted themselves with the
Miouifht that the same indignation was to be ex-
]>rcssrd by :i deluge ; but were mortified to find
a» last that the inimdiilion brought with it no
other than its usual .salutary and fertilizing ef-
f,.eis.-TvTi,Kii'K II 1ST., Book T), ch. 4.
695. CALAMITIES, Effect of. Ai((io>i/il. Eng-
land was now inrolvedinawarboth with France
and Holland. After several desperate but inde-
cisive eniragemeuts, England began to perceive
that this war ])romised nothing but expen.se and
bloodshed. A plague \vhich was then raging in
Loudon con.siuned above a hundred thou.sand of
its inhauitants; a most dieadful tire, happening
almost at the same time, had reduced almost the
wliole of tiiecily to ashes; and amid so many
calanuties it was not wonderftd that the warlike
ardor of the nation slioidd '•(■ considerably abat-
ed. A negotiation was carried on at Breda, and a
jieace was concluded be.'ween the belligerent
l)(!wersin 1(5()7. By the treaty of Breda, New
York was sc'ured "to the English, the Lsle of
l*o!erone, in the East Indies, to the Dutch, and
Acadia, in North America, to the French. — Tyt-
lek'sHist. , Book ti, ch. 30.
696. CALENDAR corrected. Jidiiin Cfpsnr.
One remarkable and durable reform was under-
taken and carried through amid the je.sts of ('iec-
ro and the other wits of the time— the revi.sion
of the Roman calendar. The distribution of the
year had been governed hitherto by the motions
of the moon. The twelve annual moon.s bad
fixed at twelve the number of the months, and
the number of days reciuired to bring the lunar
j'ear into corre.spoiidence with the solar had been
supplied by irregular intercalations, at the direc-
tion of the Sacred College. But the Sacred Col-
lege during the last distracted century had neg-
lected their office. The lunar year was now .sixty-
five days in advance of the sun. The .so-called
winter was really the autumn, the spring the
winter. The summer solstice fell at the begin-
ning of the legal Septendjcr. — Fhoude'b C.ksak,
ch. 25.
697. . Bogo' Boron. [Tha distin-
guished Franciscan monk.] He ob.served aii er-
ror in the calendar with regard to the duration
of the solar year, which had been increasing from
the time that it was regulated by Julius Ca>sar.
He projwsed a plan for the correction of this er-
vor to Pope Clement IV., and has treated of it
at large in the fourth book of his " Opus ]\Iajus."
Dr. .lebb, his editor and commentator, is of opin-
ion that this was one of the noblest discoveries
ever made by the human mind. In his optical
works he has very plainly described the con.struc-
tion and use of telescopic glas.ses, an invention
which Galileo, four hundred years afterward, at-
tributed to himself. — Tytleu's Hist., Book 6,
ch. 1(5.
69§. CALMNESS, Christian. John Wesley.
[When the mob were pulling down theliou.se of
his lay preacher, .lohn Nelson, in the town of
Bristol, he and his companions approached it
.singing hymns, and the mob Hed before them.]
Some of his finest lyrics were composed during
CALMXEHS— CANOX.
83
the tumults so frcqtK'ntly rxpcricnrcd. lie
often r('<it('<l iiud sonietinies siuif; tlicin anionic
tlie nigiujr crowds. Foiir of tliciu were ■written
" toliesunu; inn t>iinuU,"un(l one was " a jirayer
for the first inartvr." — Stkvknh' .Mktiiodihm,
vol. 1, p. 2();5.
690. CALMNESS of Discipline. Xii]ii,h,>n T.
[Ilis enemies exploded a linrrel of jiowtler in the
streets of Paris, liopinjf to destroy liini. IJut his
carriaj^e had .iust jjussed it. J Tiieearriaire roeli-
ed as on the billows of the sea, and the windows
■were shattered to fragments. . . . " Ha i" said
lie, with perfeetconiposiire, " we are blown u|)."
One of his comi)anions, f?reatly lerritied, thrust
Ids liead throufjh the demolished window and
called loudly for the driver to stop. " Xo, no !"
said Napoleon; "drive on." . . . ^lore than
thirty of these conspiracies were detected by tin;
police. — Abuott'8 Napoleon J5., vol. 1, ch.
700. CALMNESS, Exasperating. SorniU-i. 1'hc
popidaee, whom their demai^ojjfues had stronf,dy
prejudiced against this great and good man,
were aflfectcd by hi:-i defence, and showed marks
of a favorable disjiosition ; when Anytus and
several others, men of high consideration in the
republic, now openly stood forth and joined the
parly of his accusers. The weak and inconstant
rabble were drawn along by their influence, and
a majority of thirty suitrages declared Socrates
guilty, 'f he punishment was still imdetermined,
and he himself had the right of choosing it. " It
is my choice," said he, " that since my past life
ha.s been employed in the service of the public,
that public should for the future be at the charge
of my support." This trantpullity of ndnd,
which oould sport with the danger of Ins situa-
tion, served only to exasperate his judges. — Tyt-
j.ek's Hist. , Book 2, ch. 2, p. 150.
701. CALUMNY, Instigated. Ma.rim>i.9 Fa-
biii.1. [Wheii he was defending the Romans
against the Carthaginian general.] Ilamiibal,
to incense the Romans against Inm, when he
(!ame to his lands, ordered them to be spared,
and set a guard upon them to prevent the com-
mitting of the least injury there, while he was
ravaging all the country around him, and laying
it waste with flre. An account of these things
being brought to Rome, heavy complaints were
made thereupon. The tribunes alleged many
articles of accu.sation against him, before the
people. — Plutakch's Fahhs.
702. CALUMNY, Opposition by. C/ixrlr:^ Wcx-
ley. Mobs destroyetl the houses and injured
the persons of early Methodists in Cork. , . .
Twenty-eight depositions were presented to the
grand jury at the assizes against these disgrace-
ful ])roceedings, but they were all thrown out,
and the jury made a " reniarkal)le presentment,"
■which still stands on the city records, and which
declares that " we find and i)resent Charles Wes-
ley to be ii i)ers()n of ill-fame, a vagabond, and a
common disturber of his ^lajesty's ]>eacL, and
we pray that he may be transported." — 8tk-
VENs' Methodism, vol". 1, p. 21^2.
703. CANDIDATE, A dead. Jhnild WchsUr.
It is stated as a fact that many persons in Geor-
gia, and including Robert Toombs and Alexander
II. Stephens, showed their respect for the great
expounder of the Constitution bj- voting for him
after he was dead. — Xouton's Like ov Stk
riiENs, p. 12.
701. CANDIDATE, A dignified, riiomnit J,f-
ftTKiin. As Mr. .Jett'erson tlK'U held theotlice of
\ice-president, he i)resided daily over the Senate,
and thus lived in the nndst of the strife and in-
trigue. Conung out of the Senate chamber one
da}', he was stopped by Gouverni'ur Alorris, a
leader of the Federalists, who began to converse;
with him on tli(! alarming state of things around
them. "The reasons," said Morris, " why the
nunorityof the States arc; so opj)osed to your be-
ing elected is this : they api)rt'hend that, first,
you will turn all Federalists out of olHce ; sec-
ondly, put down the navy ; thirdlv, wii)e oil the
])ul)li(! debt. Now, you only neecl to declare, or
authorize vour friends to declare, that you will
not tak(! tiiese stejjs, and instantly the event of
the election will be tixed." Mr. Jetfcrson n;-
l)lied. . . that he should leave the world to judge
of the course \u\ meant to jiursue by that whicli
he had ])ursued hitherto, believing it to be his
duty to b(! passive; and silent during the preseni
scene. "1 shall certainlv," continued Mr. Jef-
ferson, " make no terms ; \ shall never go into the
office of President by capitulation, nor with my
hands tied by any conditions which would hin-
der me from ])ursuing the ineasun's which I deem
for the public good." — Cvci.oi'EUi.v ok liiou.,
p. 351.
705. CANDOR, Christian. Dixrumon. [At the
first VVesleyan Coid'erence] it was asked, Should
they be fearful of thoroughly debating every
(luestion which might arise ? " What are wo
afraid of ? Of overturning our first principles ?
If they are false, the .sooner ^hey are overturned
the better. If they are true they will bear the
strictest examination. Let us all pray for a will-
ingness to receive light to know every doctrine,
whether it be of God." — Stevens' Methodism,
vol. 1, p. 212.
706. CANNIBALISM, Christian. Crvsntkru.
They consumed, with heedless i)rodigality, their
.stores of water and provision ; their numbers ex-
hausted the inland countrv ; the sea was remote,
the Greeks were unfriendly, and the (Jhristians
of every sect tied before the voracious and cruel
rapine of their brethren. In the dire necessity
of famine they sometimes roa.sted and devoured
the Hesh of their infant or adult Qaptives. Among
the Turks and Saracens the idolaters of Europe
were rendered more odious by the name and rep-
utation ot cannibals ; the spies, who introduced
themselves into the kitchen of Bohemond, wert;
shown .several human l)odies turning on spits. —
Gibbon's Rome, ch. TjH.
707. CANON, A great, rrhnn, the Founchr.
[Cast for Mahomet II., in siege of Constantino-
ple.] A foundry was established at Adriano-
])le ; the metal was i)repared ; and at the end of
tiiree montiis Urban jjrotluced a piece of brass
ordnance of stujiendous and ahno.st incredible
magnitude ; a measure of twelve palms is assign-
ed to the bore ; and the stone bullet weighed
above six hundred pounds. A vacant place
l)efore the ne'v palace was chosen for the first
experiment ; but to prevent the sudden and
mischievous effects of astonishment and fear, a
l)roclamation was i.ssusd, that the cannon would
be discharged the ei.'siung day. The explosion
Wiis felt or hesird in a circuit of a hundred fur-
84
('ANT-( Al'TIVlTV
loners ; lli(! Imll, by the force of f^iinpowdcr. was
driven ut)r)ve ii iiiile ; and on the spot wliere it
fell, it l)nried itself a fatiioindee]) in tlicfrnmnd.
For tli(! eonveyaiiee of this (leslnictive en^dnc, ;i
friinie or carnii^e of thirty \vaf,'()ns was linked
tof^elher and drawn alon^ by a tciin of sixty
oxen ; two liiindred men on both sides were sta-
tioned to poise mid support llie rolling- wciiriit ;
two liiindred and (ifty workmen marc lied
iMifore to smooth the; way and repair the
bridjres ; and near two monllis were ein;il(>yed
in a laborious journey of one hundred and til'ty
niiles. . . .We may discern the infancy of tiie
new sciiince. Under a master who counted the
moments, the preat camion could be loaded and
fired no mf)re than seven times in one day. 'I'lie
licated metal unfortunately burst ; several work-
men wen; destroyed ; and the skill of an artist
was iidniired who bethoui^dit himself of preveiit-
mfi tlu! (lanjijer and the accident by jiourinir nil,
after each explosion, into the niduili of the ciin-
non. — Giniios's l\uMh;, ch. OH,
708. CANT, Political. Sdmud JohiiKon. l?os-
■WEM, : " Perhajis, sir, I should be i he less hajjpy
for being in Parliament. 1 never would sell
my vote, and I .should l)e vexi^d if thini^rs went
wrong." Johnson :" That's cant, sir. It would
not vex you more in tlu; house than in the gal-
lery ; public affairs vex no man.". . . Hoswki.l :
" I declare, sir, upon my honor, I did imagine T
Was vexed, and took a pride in it ; but it ?/■(/«, j)er-
haps, cant; for 1 own I neiilier eat less nor
Blept Ie.«.s." Johnson: " My dear friend, clcjir
your mind of cant. You may Udk as other peo-
ple do ; you may say to a man, ' Sir, I am your
most humble servant.' You are not his most
liumble servant. Y'ou may say, ' These are bad
times ; it is a melancholy thing to be reserved
to such times.' Y'ou don t mind the times. You
tell a man, ' I am sorry you had such bad weather
the last day of your journey, and were so much
wet.' Y'ou don't care sixi)ence whether he is
wet or dry. You may talk in this manner : it
is a nifxie of talking in society ; but don't think
foolishly." — Boswei.l's Johnson, p. 498.
709. CAPITAL, Coniervative. Cicero. [Ca-sar
had been supersi'ded by the appointment of
Domitius Ahenobarbus, the most inveterate and
envenomed of his enemies, by the Senate.] A
day later, before the tinal vote had been taken,
ho thought still that the Senate was willing to
let Cicsar keep his province, if he would dissolve
his army. The moneyed interests, the peasant
landholders, were all on Ca'sar's side ; they
Oiired not even if monarchy came, so tliat they
might have peace. — Fkoudk's (L*:saii, ch. 20.
710. CAPITAL a Crime. Jem. [In 1290 King
Edward I.,] by an arbitrary exercise of power,
destroyed the great money capitalists of the
time. The Jews throughout En.trland were all
seized on one day, upon a charge of clipj.ing
the coin ; and ... of boHi sexes, there were
tanged in London two hundred and eighty,
and a very great multitude in other cities of
England. Some Chri.stians were involved in
the accusation ; and for most of them the king
received ransom. — Knioht's Eno., vol. 1, ch.
25, p. 386.
711. CAPITAL, Spiritual. Indulr/rnrrs. The
following circum.stances led to the trattic in in-
dulgences. The lionian C^atholic Church main-
tained that the saints, duri-ig thiir life on earth,
had aceiiniulated a treasury of merit because of
their "• I work ; that thev had doiK' more goml
than thev were obliged to d'). This surjilus
mi"-bl be" used for the beiielit o" sinful men who
had aceoinplislied l:'ss i;-ood than was lUM-ded for
their salvation. The 1'<>P«' 'lainied that he had
received authoritv from (e.d to draw from this
reservoir of merit, aial to ai>]ily it to \hus(: who
had shown tlieiiisclves worlliv by their sorrow
and repentance, liut soon sorrow and reiientanec;
were dispensed with, and matters were satisfac-
torilv arranged bv the use of money. Thusarose
the so-called trallie in indulgences, which proved
to be a source of great revenue to the popes.
This was the case under Leo X., wh<i at this
time occupied the [lapal chair. — Hkin'sLitheh,
eh. 1.
7I'2. CAPITALISTS, Extortionate. J<'irs. The
eapitaiisi was the .lew ; liul his mode of deal-
ing suited oniv unthrifty alfbotsand jilundering
barons; for when the borrower came into the
1,'ripe of the Israelite, bond was heaped upon
bond, so that we have a record h<)W a debt of
,t'200 became, with accumulated interest, £'880 in
four years. [.\.ih IIW.]— Kmuht's EN(i., vol.
1,(1). 22, p. ;52<).
713. CAPITALISTS, Nation of. Jnrs. There
used to be a conundrum current in Europe,
which was something like this; " What is the
dilTerence between ancient and modern times ?
.\nswer ; Ii. ancient times, all the Jews had one
king; in modern times, all the kings have one
Jew." The Jew referred to in this conundrum
was Meyer Anselm Hoth.schild, the founder of
the grea't banking-house so famous throughout
the world.— Cvci.oPKDiA ok liioo., p. 5()4.
714. CAPTIVES, Inhumanity to. Mexican
Emp. He was treated at tirst with humanity,
and every persuasive made us(! of to i)rompt
him to mak(^ a discovery of the place where it
was suppo.sed he had concealed his treasures ;
1)ut in vain. It was next tried what torture
might produce, and by the command of one of
the Spani.sh captains, the monarch, together
with .some of his chief oflicers, were stretched
naked upon burning coals. AVliilc Guatimozla
bore the extremity of torment with more than
human fortitude, "one of his fellow-sulTerers, of
weaker constitution, turned his eyes upon h\\
prince and uttered a cry of anguish: "Think.
est thou," said Guatiinozin, "that I am lai't
upon a bed of roses ?" Silenced by this reproof,
the sufferer stifled his complaints, and expirciV
in an act of obedience to his sovereign. To thi
honor of Cortez, he was ignorant of this act of
shocking inhumanity.— Tvti.ku's Hist., Boot
6, ch. 21.
715. CAPTIVITY, Chosen. Xap,>h'on\s Friends.
[At St. Helena.] The household now consisted
of the emperor. General Bertrand, wife, and
three children ; Count Montholon, wife, ami
two children ; Count Las Ca.sas and son ; General
Gourgaud, and Dr. O'Meara. There were also
four servants of the chamber, three grooms, and
four .servants ot' the table. These had all fol-
lowed the emperor to his dreary prison from
their love of his person. [Others wept because
denied the opportunity to follow him by the
Briti.sh Government. Ilis friends were treated as
C.VPTUUE— CVSTK.
85
l)rLsoiii'rs as well iis liiiii.stlf.J^-AniJOT'r's Nai'o-
j.EON H., vol. 2, <h. ;n.
716. CAPTURE, An important. Citii of Wnnh-
inytoii. 'I'Ik; IJiilisli iKlvanccd on \Vasliinylciii
[in 1814]. . . . The President, the Caliinel ollieeis,
and tile iieople Ix'tooli tlieniselve.s to tlijrlil, and
ICJeneral ] l{o.s.s niai'clied iiiioi)p().><ed into llie cil v.
If liud lieen ordered I)y lii.s .su;)efior-i to use tlie
torch, and tin; worlv ot destnietion was aeeord-
injlly lie,i,nin. iMl tlie |)ul»lie i)uildin,i;s except
the Patent Oflicc! were hnrned. TIk' lieaiililiii
l)ut iiiilinislied Capitol and the I'residcnt's house
were left a mass of blackened ruins. Many pri-
vate editices were also destroyed. | Note. | An e.\-
I'U.sc for thi.s oulra.ircous liarharisiu was iound in
llie previous conduct of the Americans, wh(> . . .
ill Toronto . . . hail liehavi'd hut little Intter. —
lllDl'.VTHS IIlST., ch. T)!.
717. CARELESSNESS, Censure of. Sum ml
Johnsiin. Though he u.sed to censure careh'ss-
ne.sH with ^reat vehenicnce, lie owned that he
once, to avoid the tro\il)l(( of lockinji: up live
piineas, hid them, he forjrot where, so that he
could not find them, — JioswKi.i.'s .JoiiNstix,
p. 48.').
71§. CARELESSNESS, Habitual. <S<ihJn))ilth.
[lie went to Edinhurj^h to study medicine.]
Having lak(,'n lodgings at h;;i)lia/.ard, he left
liis trunk there, containing all his worldly I'f-
fecta, and .sallied forth to .see the town. After
sauntering about the streets until a late hour, lie
thought of returning home, when, to his confu-
sion, ho found nc had not aciiuainted himself
with the naiut; either of hi.s landlady or of the
street in which she lived. Fortunately, in the
height of his whimsical perplexity, he met the
caw-dy or porter who had carried his trunk, and
who now served him as a LViide.*— Jitvi.Nu'a
GOLDS.MFTU, p. 37.
719. CASTE, Absence of. Irtxh K/iu/s. [In
1394 Sir Henry Cristall was sent by Richard II.
to attend on the Irish kings, who submitted them-
selves to him.] It was Richard's wish that in
manners and apparel they should conform to
the u.sages of England. It was his purpose to
create them knights ; but they were wedded to
their ancient customs. They would sit at the
•same table as their minstrels and servants, eating
out of the same dish and drinking out of the
same cup. — Knight's Eno., vol. 2, ch. 3, p. 27.
7aO. CASTE, Anglo-Saxon. Gn-woiu/. The
Saxons were divided, as all the other German
nations, into three ranks of men — the noble, the
free, and the slaves. The nobles were called
thanes, and these were of two kinds — the kin(/'s
thanes and the lesser thanes. The latter seem to
'liave been dependent on the former, and to have
received lands, for which they either paid rent
or military services. There were two laws of
the Anglo-Saxons which breathe a spirit very
different from what one would n itiirally expect
from the character of the age, when the distinc-
tion of superior and inferior is commonly very
Btrongly marked. One of the laws of Athelstan
declared, that a merchant who had made three
long sea voyages on his own account was enti-
tlea to the quality of thane ; and another declared
that a ceorle, or husbandman, who had been
able to purchase five hides of land, or live
plough-gates, and who had a chapel, a kitchen.
a hall, and a bell, was entitled to the same rank.
The freemen of the lower rank, who wi're dci-
noniinale<l emrlis, cultivated \\\v farms of the
thanes for which they paid rent, and they ap
l)i'ar to have been removable at the j)leasure. of
the thane. The lowest and most numerous of
the ordei's was that of the slaves or rillaiits ; of
these slaves there wci'ctwo kinds— the household
slaves, and those employed in the cultivation of
the lands ; of the latter species are the serfs,
which we find at this day in Roland, in Ru.ssia,
and in ollii'rs of the northern states. A master
had not, among the .\nglo-Saxons, an unlimited
power o\'er his slaves. He was fined for tim
nuwder of a slave, and if he mutilated one, tlie
slave recovered his liberty. The laws of Edgar
inform us that slaverv wa ■ the lot of all prison-
ers taken in war. — 'rvTi.Kn's Hist., Rook 0,
ch. (i.
7211. CASTE, Barbarian, datth. It should seem
that very many of tho.se institutions, referred by
an easy solution to the feudal system, are derived
from the Celtic; barbarians. When Ca'sar sub-
dued the (Jauls, that great nation was already
divided into three orders of men — the clergy,
the nobility, and the common ])eo])le. The first
governed by superstition, the second by arms ;
but \\\v third and last was not of any weight or
account in their public; councils. — GianoN'a
RoMi:, c'h. i;{.
7aa. CASTE of Birth. Italians. Till the privi-
leges of Romans had been progre.s.sively extended
to all thcMnhabitants of the empire, an important
distinction was ])reservecl between Italy and the
provinces. The former was esteemed the centre
of ])ublic unity and the firm basis of the con-
stitution. Italy claimed the birth, oral least the
residence, of the; emperors arid the Senate. The
estates of the Italians were; exempt from taxes,
their persons from the arbitrary jurisdiction of
governors. Tlu-ir municipal corjiorations, formed
after the perfect model of the; capital, were in-
trusted, under the immediate eye of the supreme
I)ower, with the execution of the la .vs. Fron>
the foot of the Alps to the extremity of Calabria,
all the natives of Italy were born citizens ol
Rome. — GiiiBONs ]{omk, ch. 3.
723. CASTE, English. JialoHsy. The rise of
the commonalty was always regarded with ex-
treme jealousv {)y the born great. The servile
literature before the days of the Revolution
echoed this .sentiment. — KxuiiiT's England,
vol. .5, ch. 6, p. 49.
724. CASTE, Hostility to. Louis Philippe. [In
179.') he travelled iiieonnito, with two other
l)rinccs, in the United States.] At Winchester, in
the Valley of the Shenandoah, a democratic inn-
keeper turned them out of his hou.se because (one
of them being sick) they asked the privilege of
eating by themselves. "If you are too good,"
roared this despotic democrat, "to eat at the
same table with my other guest«, you are too good
to eat in my house. Begone !" Despite the in-
stant apology of the Duke of Orleans, the land-
lord insi.sted on their going, and they were com-
pelled to seek other quarters. — Cvcloi'kdia op
Bioo., p. .509.
725. CASTE in Judgment. Queen Elizabeth.
[When Elizabeth was remonstrating in behalf
of Mary Queen of Scots, she charged her am-
i'i
I
^1.
«0
CASTKCATIIor.K'S.
Imssndnr.s to insist Hint siil)jc(tM were iii)t to 1h'
jiul^'i'sol'iisovcrci;:!! ;| it wiiscnntriiry to Script
tire 1111(1 uiirciisoiiuhlc, timi tiic foot siioiild jwili;c
tbd lu'iul. — Rnkiht's Kno., vol. ;t, cli. 1(1, |i. \'t\.
raO. CASTE, National. Fimr/,. ] William I.,]
tli(! (,'onc(ii('ror, and liisdcscciKlaiits to tlic foiiitli
Ki'iK'iatioii NNcrciiut iMi;;lisliiiicii ; most of tliciii
Were horn in Fniiii'c ; tlicy sjicnt llie fircatcr
part of tlicir liiiK! in FniiHc ; tlitir onlinaiy
siiccch was French ; almost every hij;h od'cc in
their ^dft was lilled hy a FreMchman ; eve 'v ue-
(Hiisilion which they made on the t'ontineiit es-
tranged them more and more from tlu^ i)o|)wla-
lion of our island. Our of the al)lest amons^
tliein, indeed, attempted to win the luirts of
]iis Enji'lish suhjects liy es])ousin,ix an Knglish
])rin<'ess ; hut hy many of his harons this mar-
ria^'o was rei^ai'ded as ;i m.irriage between a
■white planter and ii quadroon j^irl would now
be rejj;ard(!d in Viri^inia. In history he is known
liy tlie honorahle surname of Jieauclcrc ; hut in
Ins own time his own countrymen called him
hy a Saxon nickname, in contemptuous allusion
to liis Saxon connection. — M.\('.\ii..\y's Ksr...
di. 1
727. . Kiif/liK/i. [Hei.'xn of James
II.] No man of Eiiiflish hlood then rej^arded
the ahorij^inal Irisli as hi-i countrymen. They
did not Ix'long to our branch of "the great hu-
man family. They were distinguished from
lis by more than one moral and intellectual jiecu-
liari'ty, which the difference of situation and of
education, great as that diirerenco was, did not
seem altogether to explain. They had an aspect
of their own, a mother tongue of their own.
When fliej' talked Knglish their ])ronunciation
■wa.s ludicrous ; their ]>iiraseology was grote.sciue,
ns i.s always the phraseology of those who think
in one language and exjiress their thoughts in
another. They were therefore foreigners, and of
all foreigners they wcih; the most hated and
despised — the most hated, for they had, during
live centuries, always been our enemies ; the
most despised, for they were our van(|uished,
enslaved, and despoileil enemies. The Engli.sh-
man compared with i)ride his own fields with
the desolate bogs, whence the rapparees issued
forth to rob and murder ; and his own dwelling
Avith the hovels where tlu; peasants and the
bogs of Sliannon wallowed in tilth together. —
Macaul.w'r Eng., ch. 9.
72S. CASTE in Parliment. Wor/ilcd Slockinfj/<.
[In 164o there were] certain mean sort of peo])le
m the Hou.se, whom, to distinguish them from
the more honorable gentlemen, they called
"Worsted-stocking men. — Knioht's Eno., vol. 4,
ch. 4.
729. CASTE, Prejudice of. rarUamrnt. [At
the second session of Parliament, under the pro-
tectorate of Cromwell, only one of the peers who
liad accepted the writ of summons took his
seat. The Earl of Warwick could not be per-
suaded to sit with Colonel ITewson and Colonel
Piide — the one had been a shoemaker, and the
other a drayman.] — Kkigiit's Eng., vol. 4,
ch. 13.
730. CASUISTRY, Difficult. Mi'snionnry i/) the
Indians. [John] Eliot preached against polyg-
amy. " Suppose a man, before he knew God,"
inquired a convert, " hath had two wives — the
first childless, the second bearing him many sweet
children, whom he cxe<((liligly loves ; which of
these is he to put awav v"— M.vnciiokt's V . S.,
ch. 'J, vol. 2.
7;n. CATASTROPHE, An appalling. /w/C/t-
qiiuki. Noveml)er 1. 17."i.">. the people of Lis-
bon were alarmed by that awful rumbling
beneath the eiiith which, as they well kiK'W,
i-su;illy preceded an eailh(|Uiike. iJefore they
could escai)e from their houses the shock came,
which overthrew the greater ])ait of the city,
iind buried thousands of jiersons in its ruins.
The sea retired, leaving the bottom of the har-
bor bare, but immediately returned in a fearful
wave fifty feet high, overwhelming everything
in its cou'rse. The inhabitants wiio could get,
clear of the ruins nwhed in thousands to a mag-
nilicent marble wharf, just conij)leted, which
.seemed to offer a plac(! o'f .safety. This ma.ssivo
structure, densely coVv'ved with men, women,
and cliildrcii, suddenly sunk, bearing with it to
unknown depths the entire miillitude. Not a
creature escaiXMl ; not a human body rose again
to the surface ; not a fragment of anything that
was on the wharf was ever again .seen by human
eye ; and when, by and liy, the Avater Avas
sounded over the place where it had stood, the
de])th was found to l)esix hundred feet. Within
the space of six minutes sixty thousand persons
are snp])osed to have ])erished ; and tho.scs who
survived were so enc()nii)asse(l about A\ith hor-
ror, that they might av;'11 have envied thos(!
whom tlu! seii had submerged or the falling
houses crushed. — Cvci.oncDi.v okHiog., p. 30.
7,12. CATHOLICS, Disfranchised. Morula it d-
frx. .\.i). 1()81. The prelates [in England] de-
manded . . . an establishment to be main-
tained at the common expense of the i)rovince.
Lord Baltimore resisted. The ]{oman Catholic;
was inflexible in his regard for freedom of wor-
ship. The oiiposition to Lord Baltimore as a
feudal sovereign easily united with Protestant
bigotry . . . the English ministry soon issued
an order, thatofheersof government in ^Maryland
should be exclusively intrusted to Protestants.
Roman Catholics were disfranchised in the
jirovince Avliich tliev had i)lanted. — Banckokt's
U. S.. vol. 3, ch. l4.
73.1. CATHOLICS, Justice to. Eiu/lMi. [Dr.
Arnold plead for it, saying ;] It is the direct duty
of every Englishman to supjiort the claims of
the Roman Catholics of Ireland, even at the
hazard of injuring the Protestant establishment —
because those claims cannot be rejected Avithout
great injustice — and it is a want of faith in God
and an unholy zeal to think that he can lo
served by inju.stice, or to guard against contin-
gent evil bv comir.itting certain sin. — Kni(;ut s
ExG., vol. "8, ch. 13.
734. CATHOLICS, Prejudice against, dith-
olic. Rtlicf Bill. [In 1821) it Avas i)assed by Par-
liament.*) It Avoidd admit a Roman Catholic to
Parliament upon taking an oath, in place of the
old oath of supremacy, that he would support
the existing institutions of the State, and not in-
jure those of the Church. It Avould admit a
Roman Catholic to all the greatest offlces of gov-
ernment, with the exception of Regent, Lord
Chancellor of England, and Lord Chancellor and
Viceroy of Ireland. All corporate offices and
municipal privileges, all that pertained to the
administration of justice, Avould be open tt)
CATIIOLK'SM— CAVIL
Roman Catliolics. P'rom all olflccs coniicclcd
with the (Jlmrcli, with its unvcrHitics and
schools, and from Chiiicii iiulronaj^e, they woidd
be necessarily excluded. Conuuands in llie
army and navy had been ojx'n to them before
lliis measure Connected with the Hill of He-
lief then? were securities and restrictions i)ro-
posed. — IvNKiUT's Eno., vol. 8, ch. Hi, p. 2;i!i.
735. CATHOLICIGM, Benefits of. Kn<ihi„<1.
It is dilbcult to say whether KiiKland owes nion;
to the Roman Catholic relij^ion or to llu! Hefoi'-
mation. For the amal,ij;amati()n of races and
for tlio abolition of villana^e she is chietly in-
debted to the influence wiiich the ])riesth()od, in
the middle a<;es, exercised over the laity. For
])olitical and intellectual freed(.'n, and for all
the blessin;^s which jiolitical and intellectual
freedom have brouj;ht in their train, she is
chiefly indebted to the ^reat rebellion of the
laity against the priesthood. From the time
■when the barbarians overran the Western Kin-
f>ire to the fini',! of the revival of letters, tlw;
ntlucnce of the Church of Home had been
generally favorable to science, to civilization,
and to good government ; but during the last
three centuries, to stunt the growth of the hu-
man mind has been her chief object. Through-
out Christendom, whatever advance has been
made in knowledge, in freedom, in wealth, and
in the arts of life, has been made in spite of her,
and lias everywhere been in inverse i)roportion
to her power. The loveliest and most fertile
provinces of Europe liave, luider her rule, been
sunk in poverty, in political servitude, aiid in
intellectual torpor, while Protestant coimtries,
once proverbial for sterility and barl)arism, have
been turned by skill and indu.stry into gardens,
and can boast of a long list of heroes anil states-
men, philosophers and poets. Whoever, knowing
what Italy and Scotland naturally are, and what,
four hundred years ago, they actually were, shall
now compare the country round lionie with the
country round Edinburgh, will be able to form
some judgment as to the tendency of papal dom-
iuat'on. The descent of Spain, once the first
among monarchies, to the lowest depths of deg-
radation ; the elevation of Holland, in spite of
many natural disadvantages, to a position such
as no commonwealth so small has ever reached,
teach the same lesson. Whoever passes in Ger-
many from a Roman Catholic to a Protestant
principality, in Switzerland from a Roman
Catholic to a Protestant canton, in Ireland from
a Roman Catholic to a Protestant country, finds
that he has pa.ssed from a lower to a higlier grade
of civilization. On the other side of the Atlantic
the s<ame law prevails. The Protestants of the
'United States have left far behind them the
Itoman Catholics of IMexico, Peru, and Brazil.
The Roman Catholics of Lower Canada remain
inert, while the whole continent round them is
in a ferment with Protestant activity and enter-
prise. The French have doubtless shown an
energy and an iutelligencc which, even when
misdirected, liave justly entitled them to be
called a great people. But this apparent excep-
tion, when examined, will be found to confirm
the rule ; for in no country that is called Roman
Catholic has the Roman Catholic Church, dur-
ing several generations, possessed so little au-
thority as in France. — Macaulay's Eng., ch. 1.
r:iO. CATHOLICISM, Wiidom of. nro<td P/,in.i.
In the latter half of tlu^ .stiveiitceiith century the
I'^rench began to push tlu'ir way westward and
southward ; first along the shores of th(! great
lakes, then to the head waters of the Waliash,
the Illinois, Ww Wisconsin, and the St. Croix,
then down these streams to IIk- Missis>ipj)i, and
then to t!ie (Julf of .Mexico. Tin; purpose of tht!
French, as manifested in these moveineiits, was
no less than to dividi; the American rontineiit
and to take Ww. larger ])ortion, to po-^-^ess the
land for France and Calliolicism. For it was
the work of the Jesuit missionaries. — Kidi-.vtii's
U. S., ch. !J().
7:iT. CAUSE and Effect. Smini,! .Jnhnikon.
Of Dr. lliird, IJishoj) of Worcester, ■luluison
said to a friend : " llurd, sir, is one of i set of
men who account for everything systeinaiically ;
for instance, it has been a fashion to wear scar-
let breeches ; these men would tell you. thai ac-
cording to causes and effects, no other wear
could at that till) have been chosen." He, how-
ever, .said of him at another \\\\n\ to the same
gentleman : "Hurd, sir, is a man whose acquaint-
ance is a valual)le aciiuisition." — Boswell's
Johnson, p. 488.
73«. CAUTION reedful, Ahnilinn). Linrolii.
"Well, you see," said iMr. Lincoln [to a visitor
who introihuted the sul)ject of <'inancipatioii],
" we've got to be very cautious how wi' manaire
the negro (piestion. If we're not, we shall be
like the barber out in Illinois, who was shaving
a fellow with a natchet face and lantern jaws
lik(! mine. The barber stuck his tinger in his
customer's mouth to make his cheek stick out ;
but while shaving away he cut through the fel-
low's cheek and cut off his own finger I If we
are not very careful we shall tlo as the liarber
did." — Raymond's Lincoln, p. Vi'i.
739. CAVALEY, Formidable. El('ph,int». An
amba.ssador from the Emperor Zeno accoini)anied
the rash and unfortunate Perozes in his expedi-
tion against the Nepthalities, or white Huns,
whose conquests had been stretched from the
Casi)ian to the heart of India, whose throne was
enriched with emeralds, and whose cavalry was
supi)orted by a line of two thousand elephants.
The Persians were twice circumvented in a situa-
tion which made valor useless and flight impossi-
ble ; and the double victory of the Huns was
achieved by military stratagem. They dismiss-
ed their royal captive after he had sui)mitted to
adore the majesty of a barbarian. — Gihu(jn's
Ro.ME, ch. 40.
740. CAVIL answered, Ueign of Jumr.i If.
[Session of the former memliersof the Houst' of
Commons.] Sir Robert Sawyer declared thai
he could not conceive how it was pos5>ible for the
prince to administer the government without
son'e distinguishing title, .such as Regent or Pro-
tector. OldMaynard, who, as a lawyer, had no
equal, and who was also a politician versed in
the tactics of revolutions, was at no pains to con-
ceal his disdain for so puerile an objection, taken
at a moment when union and promptitude were
of the highest importance. " Wo shall sit here
very long," he said, " if we sit till Sir Robert can
conceive liow such a thing is possible ;" and the
assemblv thought the answer as good as the cavil
deserved. — Macaulay's Eng., ch. 10.
t:
I
M
88
('Krj:Mi{A ri:i)-(i:.NS()i{.
_7JI. CELEBRATED, Marriage. (lriinih,>iiKi[t'
Tiniiiiir. 'I'lic iimrriiific dl' six nf tliccinpcidr's
j^niiidsnUH was islccnicd mi net of rt'li^jioii us \\ ell
its of piiUTiiiil Icntlcnii'ss ; tind tlic |ioiii|) of the
iiiiciciil caliplis \\,is revived in llieir iiiipliaN,
'I'liey weri' eelebraled in the ifaidc ns of Cani
>;liiil, deeoraled willi innnineialile lenls and |ia-
\ilionM, wiiieii displaveil liie inxiiry of a ^rreal
city and tiie spoilsof a victorious eain|). W liole
I'oresis Well' cut. down to supply iiiel for lin'
kilclieiis ; tlie plain was spread w (ill jMi-ainids of
meat, and vases of e\'ei'y lii|iior, to wliiili llion-
sands of ^Miests were coiiileoiisly invited ; llie
orders of llie stale i.nd the nations of the earth
"were mafshalled at liie royal |pan(|iiet ; nor were
1h« amiiassadors of luirope (says the iiaiiiclily
l'erMiiin)exelll(ie(l from the feast ; siiie<' even the
riiKHCM, the smallest of tish, liial their place in the
ocean. Tin; i)ul)lic joy was testitieil hy illiimi-
nation nnd masiinerades ; the trades of Samar-
«'and passed in revirw ; and e\ cry trade was enm-
loiis toexeciite some (piaint device, some niarvel-
Joiia i)an('anf. with the materials of their peeidiar
art. Allertlu^ marriaixc contracts had been rati-
fied liy tlic cadliis, the hridei^rooms and their
l)ride.s retired to the nuptial chamhers: nine
times, according totlie Asiatic fashion, they were
dressed and undressed ; and at each chanuie of
apparel j)earls and ruhie.s wen; showered on
Iheir heads, and contemptuously abandoned to
their attendants. A jfeneral indulireneci was jiro-
cluimed : every law was relaxed, every jileasure
•wa.s allowed ; the i)eoi)l(! was free, the .sovereign
was idle. — Giuhon's Homi;, ch. t5.">.
7.13. CELEBEATION, Municipal. Cn„.',t,niti-
iiople. As often as tlic! Iiirthday of the city re-
turned, the stutiK! of Constaiiline, framed by his
order, of nilt wood, and hearing in his right
hand a small image; of \\w genius of the i)la 'c,
was erected on a triumphal car. The guarls,
furiying wLite tapers, and dollied in their rich-
est aj)parel, accompanied tin; .solemn procession
us it moved through the Hippodrome. VVlieii it
was opiiosite to the throne of the reigning empe-
ror, hu rose from his .seat, and with grateful rev-
erence adored th(; memory of his j)redecessor.
At the festival of the dedication, an eilict, engrav-
ed on a column of marble, bestowed the title of
Second or New Rome on the city of Constan-
tine. — Giuhon's KoMK, ch. 17.
74.1. CELEBRATION, National. Ccntinnii/l.
As the C'entennial of American Iiulei)endenee
drew ne.'ir, tlu; jieojjh^ made ready to celebrate
the great event with ai)propriat(! ceremonies, . . .
but the development of the jjroject was discour-
aged for a wliile with considerable opj)osition
jiiul much lukewarmness. The whole scheme
was a vision of enthusiasm, a Quixotical dream,
said the critics and objectors. No such an en-
terprise could be carried through excei)t under
the patronage of the government, and the gov-
ernment hail no right to make appropriations
merely to jtreserve an old reminiscence. We
had had enough of the Fourth of July already.
Lesides — said the wits and caricaturist.s — the
other nations would present a ludicrous figure
in helping us to celebrate an anniversary of a re-
bellion tiiat they had tried to crush a hundred
years ago. Victoria was expected — so said they —
to send over commissioners to heap contumely
and contempt on the grave of her grandfather I
liritiiiii, t))ith f'nt-
lergy was tin; lead-
)r in making the
itional. Althou;;h
.\o nation of Kumpe W(]uld consent to its own
sliillilieation by jojping in the jubileesof Kepub-
licaiiism. Mesiiles all this cavilling, it was fore-
seen that I'hiladelphia would (piile certainly be
I selected as the scene of the jiroposed display, and
on that account a good deal of local ji o'.iUHy was
excited in the other |iriiieipal ciliesof the Union.
— KlDl-ATllS I'. S,, ch. r),s.
711. CELIBACY of Clergy.
/"/•.'/. The eeiiliaey of the i
ilig principle to be contended
( hureli Itoliiish instead of n:
the strict canons of the ,\iigio Church did not
recogni/e a married priesti I, the law of celi-
bacy had ne\-er been rigidly enforced, especially
among the parochial clergy. Their marriages
were diseouiileiianci'd ; they were admonished
or tlireMieiied. Ihit tlw lawdfiiJiturc; was trium-
phant over the deereesof councils ; and the Eng-
lish priests were not forced into those inimorali-
' ties which were the result of this ordinance in
oliii'r countries. .Mr. Keinblesays; " We have
an almost unbroken chain of evidence to show
that, in spite of the exhortations of the bishops
and the legislation of the witaiis, those at last of
i the clergy who were not bound to a cu'nobitical
! order did contract marriage, and openly avow
[ the families which wein; its i.ssiie." — Kniuut's
' E.Mi., vol. 1, ch. !).
715. CEMETERY, Saddest, f.oiidnii Toirev.
The head and body were placed in a eolHn cov-
j ered with black vl'lvet, and were laid privately
under thecommnniontable of St. Peter's Chapel
in the Tower. Within fiuir years tlu; pavement
of that i'hancei was again disturbed, and hard
by th(! remains of .Monmouth were laid the re-
mains of .Ictfreys. In truth, then; is no sadder
spot on the earth than that little cemetery. Death
isthereas.sociated, not. as in Westminster Abbey
and Saint J'aul's, with genius and virtue, with
l)ubli(r veneration and with imperishable re-
nown ; not, as in our humblest churches and
churchyards, with everything that is most en-
dearing in social and domestic charities, but
with wiiateveris darkest inhuman nature and in
human destiny, with the savage triumph of ini-
jilacjible enemies, with the inconstancy, th(! in-
gratitude, the cowardice of friends, witli all the
miseries of fallen greatness and of blighted fame.
Tliith<'r have been carried, through succes.sive
iiges, by the rude hands of jailers, without one;
mourner following, the bleeding relics *of men
who had been the captains of armies, the leaders
of parties, the oracles of senates, and the orna-
ments of courts. — .M.\(ailay's Eng., ch. 5.
7-16. CENSOR, Official, llman. [Words of
the Emperor Decius. ] As soon as the decree of
the Senate was transmitted to the emperor, he
as.semble(l a great council in his camp, and be-
fore the investiture of tin; censor-elect he ap-
jirised him of the dilHciilty and importance of
ids great oflice. "Happy Valerian," .said the
l)rince to his distinguished subj<'ct, " hapjij' in
the general approbation of the Senate and of the
Koman republic ! Accept the censorship of man-
kind, and judge of our manners. You will .se-
lect those who deserve to continue members of
the Senate ; you will restore the e<iuestrian order
to its ancient splendor ; you will improve tlu;
revenue, yet moderate the public Iturdens. You
will distinguish into regular clas.ses the varioub
•
,\
CMN'SOli— ClIAI.I.KNCii;.
s;>
'
iind iiillnitc iniilliliidc of citi/ciis. nml iicciiniti'
ly vi(!\v tlic iiiililiiry Nln'iii;tli, llic wciillli, tlic
virliic, mill llir rcsoiircrH ol' I{nmr. ^'mir dcci-
sioiiH sliiill oliliiiii the I'di'd' of liiu.t. Till' army,
tlic i)al,i(c', ilic ininisicrHof jiisiici', mid llii' irrciit
otllccrs of llic empire arc nil siilijccl to your Iri-
lilinal. Monc are exeliipled, exceplilin' only the
ordiiiarv coiisnls, tlic prefect of llie city, llic
kiii;]f of llie sacriliccs, and (as loni,' an slic pre-
t<erv( s her chastily iiivi(»late) the eldest, of the
vestal viririiis. Kveii these few. who iiiav not
dread the si'scrily, will anxiously solicii liic cs-
tei'in of the lionian censor." — (inuto.N:! iJo.Mi;,
ch. 10.
7 17. . /ioiiiini. I, ivy remarks, they
kept in dependence liolh the Senate and peo-
ple;. They posscs.sed ii consiidilional power
of dcLTadinij such an had Jiianifcslcd any iri'CLr-
idarity of conduct, and deprivinj^ Iheni of the
rank and olllco which they held in the State.
It was not an authority which extended to the
])iiniHliinent of those ordinary crimes and delicts
which fall under th<! penal laws of a Slate. JJut
there are olfences which, in i)oint of example,
are worse tlimi crimes, and mori! i)ernicious in
ilK'ir con.scMiuenccH. It is not the hreacli of ex-
l)res.s laws that can over be of pneral had elTect,
or lend to tlie destruction of a ;;overiunent ; hut
it i.s that silent and unpunishalile corr\iption of
manners which, underminin;^ ])rivate and jiuli-
lie. virtue, weakens and destroys those springs to
which tlu! l)est-ordered constitution owesilssu])-
j)ort. The eounteractinf; thi;i latent principle of
decay was the most usefid part of the otlice of
the censors. If any citizen had imprudently
i'onlracted lari,'e debts ; if he had coiisume(l his
fortune in extravairance, or in livini^ beyond his
income : if Ik; had bcjen ne<ilijj;eiit in the cultiva-
tion of his lands — nay, if, beini,^ in j^^ood circum-
stances and able to maintain a family, Ik; liad
declined, without ,iust cause, to mari\\ — all these!
offences attracted the; notice of tlie censors, who
hud various modes of inllictinif a ])enalty. 'i"he
most usual, and not the least impressive, was a
jniblic denunciation of the olTender as an object
of disapj)robation — i;/ no m in id iintd/iiiiil. It did
not amount to ii mark of infamy, but punished
solely by inflictinjj the .shame of a ])ublic repri-
mand. A penalty, liowever, of this kind is not
fitted to operate on all dispositions, and, accord-
ingly, tlie censors had it in their power to employ
means more generally effectual. They coultl de-
grade a .senator from his dignify and strike his
n.ime out of the roll. They clmld deprive a
kniglit of his rank by taking from him the horse
which was maintained for him at the public ex-
-pense, and was the essential mark of his station.
A citizen might be punished by degrading him
from his tribi; to an inferior one. or doubling his
proportion of the public ta.xes. — Tyti.ku's Hist. ,
Book 3, ch. 6.
748. CENSUBE resented. Dio/ii/mua. Tiie phi-
losopher Plato had been invited to Syracuse by
Dionysius the elder . . . Dionysius . . . being
offended with the freedom which the philosopher
used in censuring whatever he di.sapjiroved in the
maxims and government of the tyrant, the latter
ordered him to be sold as a slave in the public
market. llis disciples paid tlie price of live
minsB for their master, and sent liim safe buck to
Greece.— Tytleu's Hist., Book 3, ch. b. I
710. CENSURE, Unmoved by. /Vv.y. ./,ir/,.i,>„.
IHe vetoed the bill to lecharler the Maiik of the
I'niled States, an(l| ordered the aciumulaled
funds, amounting to tiboul ten millions, to bedis-
tribiiled among cerl.'iin State banks. , . , He
had no warrant of Ia\t . . . he was denounced
. . . arltilraiy, dangerous. In the Senate a pow-
erful coalition, he.ided by ('mIIiouii, Clay, and
Web. ter, was formed against the I'resideiit. . . .
A resolution (■eiisuriiii;' his conduct was . . .car-
ried : but a similar proposition failecj in the Hou>e
of {{epreseiltalives. 'I'liere was a general <'ry of
indignation, and it seemed as if the I'nwident,
Would be o\'erwhelmed ; but the President, e\'er
as fearless as hi' was self willed and stubborn,
held on his course unmoved by the clamor. 'I'he
resolution of censure stood upon the Joiiniid n(
the Senate for four years, a'ld was Ihen cxpuiig-
(d. — itiDi'.vTiiV' I'.S., ch. ,A.
750. CEREMONY, Comedy of. Cmrf. Port-
land, theambiissador for William IlI.,Hi!)H, niado
his public entry into I'aris on the !Mli of .March.
He disputes with "the conductor of ambassii-
dors" idioiit matters of etii|Uelte. " In my ca.se,"
he says, " diHieulties liave been raised on every
conceivable jioiiit ; and as I do not understand
tlu! ceremonial I am einbarrasscil by them, and
can only meet them with obstinac\', which is here
rather indisiieiisable." Comedy cannot imagine
a richer scene than the liurly Dutchman refusing
to come from the top of his stiiirease to meet the
rei)resentativeof the Duchess of Burgundy, who
refused to go inori! than half way nj), " messen-
gers passing backward and forward between us."
— K.nkuit's Kn(!., vol. r>, ch. ];j, p. 'iW.
751. CEREMONY, Dislike for. Napolmn /.
[He had been crowned emperor with gorgeous
display and grand ceremony. | He hastened to
his room and exclaimed impatiently toan attend-
ant as he entered, " Oil' ! off with these confound-
ed trappings!" He threw the mantle into one
corner of the room, the gorgeous robe into anoth-
er, and thus violently diseucumberinghim.self, de-
clarijil that hours of such mortal tedioiisness ho
had never jia.ssed before. — Aiiuott's Nai'omcon
Ii., vol. 1, ch. m.
752. CEREMONY, Slaves of. Rniinltn. Tn the
Byzantine ])alacellie emperor was the (irst slave
ot the ceremonies which he ini]iosed. and the rig-
id forms which regulated each word and gesturi!
besieged him in the iialace, and violated the lei-
sure of his rural solitude. — (iiiiiioNs 1{u.mk, cli.
o3.
753. CHALLENGE, A dangerous. J/irnsion of
Pi'iinxi/lnuiiii. At Chambersburg . . . one female
had seen tit to adorn her ample bosom with a
huge Yankee Hag, and she stood at the door of
her house, her countenanceexpressing the great-
est contein])t for the barefooted Hebs ; several
companies passed her without taking any notice ;
but at length a Texan gravely remarkeil, " Take
care, madam, for Hood's boys [from Te.xus,
Alabama, and Arkansas] arc great at storming
breastworks when the Yankee color is on them."
After this speech the patriotic lady beat a Jire-
cipitate retreat. — Pollaku's Skcond Yi;au ok
the Wau, p. 337.
754. CHALLENGE, Offered. Iln-olutionari)
War. [In Florida British troopers] summonctl
the fort at Suubury to surrender. But when
il:
1^
00
("nALLENOE-CHAUACTKIl.
Colonel Miu'kintosh iiiiswiTcd. " Coiiif and tiikc
It," tlicy rctrciitfd. — MancuoI'T's U. S,, vol. 10,
cli, i:».
755. CHALLENGE, Political. /.inr„hi — I)»ii;/-
Ian. A.n. 1H.">H. Jtdtli s|>ok(! in SpriiiKtlfld on
tilt" saiiio day, liiit Ix'forc dilTciciit audiences . . .
Mr. Lincoln addressed a letter to Mr. IS. A.|
l)oii>;la8, challen^tinj; him to a series of (legates
<liirin>^ the canipai^rn. Tlie cliallenire was ae
♦•epted, and arran>;enients w<'reat once made for
tlie me(!tin;;s. Seven joint dehales were held . . .
land I hey) raised lhe;,''reatesi e.v.itement throii^^ii-
out the Slate. — Hav.mond's JiiNcoi.N, eh. "i,
p. \i.
750. CHALLENGE, Royal. .lAr/vW Thnrm.
[Frederick 11. declared \va,-. Her father had
receiitlv died. J In the midst of distress and
peril she had f.Mveii hirth to a son, afterward
the EiniM'ror .losiph II. Scarcely had she
risen from her couch when shi^ hastened to
Presshiir;,'. 'I'liere, in the sJLrht of an innu-
nierahle multitude, sIk! was crowned \vilh the
crown anil rolled with the rohe of S;. Stej)hen.
No spectator could refrain his tears when the
beautiful youn^' mother, still weak from child-
liearinp:, rode, after the fashion of her fathers,
up the Mount of Detiance, unsheathed the ancient
sword of atiite, shook it toward north and south,
cast and west, and, with a ;,dow on her pale
face, challenged the four corners of the world
to disjmte her rifrht.' and tho.se of her luiy. —
Macaui,.\y's Fhkdickk k tuk (ikkat, p. ;i.l.
757. CHALLENGE, Unaccepted. Alcxi>t.t Com-
vfiivH. [(Jreek emperor — time of the crusades.]
lli^h on his throne, th(! emperor .sat nnito and
iminovahle ;. his Majesty was adored hy the
Latin princes, and they submitted to kiss either
his feet or his knees — an inditfnily which their
own writers i'.re ashamed to confess and unable
to deny. . . . Hut a French baron (he is .lupposed to
\^^i liolu^rt of I'aris) presumed to ascend the
throne, and to place himself by the side of Alex-
ias. The sa^e reproof of Haldwin provoked
him to exclaim, in his barbarous idiom, " Who
is this rustic that keeps his seat, while .so many
■valiant captains are .slandini,'round him?" The
emperor maintained his .silence, di.ssembled his in-
dignation, and questioned his interpreter con-
cerning the meaning of the words, which he
partly suspected from the indver.sal language of
gesture and countenance. Hefore the (departure
of the i)ilgrims ho endeavored to learn the
name and condition of the audacious baron. " I
am a Frenchman," replied Robert, " of tiie jiurest
and most ancient nobdity of my country. All that
1 know is, that there is a church in my neigh-
borhood, the resort of those who are desirous of
approving their valor in single combat. Till an
enemy appears, they address their prayers to
God and Ilis saints. That church I have fre-
(juently visited. But never have I found an an-
tagonist who dared to accept my defiance."
Alexius dismissed the challenger with some jiru-
dent advice for his conduct in the Turkish war-
fare. — Gibijon'8 Rome, ch. 58, p. 573.
75§. CHANGE, A life. Tjonola. It was dur-
ing the siege of Panipeluna by the French
. . . that a young officer of Guipuzcoa,
actively engaged in conducting the defence, re-
ceived a severe wound which confined him for
many weeks to his bed, an occurrence which
proved the turning point of his subseciuent ox-
I raordinarv career. I'his gallant soldier, .soon to
reappear lipon H'"' ^•"'ii'' 1" '^ ^''''y dillVrent and
far more intluential chanicter, was none other
than Ignatius l.cvolii, foimder of the Order of
.Icsns.— Sti DiiNTs' FnA.N( !■;, ch. 11, S 5, p. iiOO
75ft. CHANGE of Sirtei. " liohhiun John."
.Ichn Krskine, Karl of .Mar, who came to Kdin-
burgh MS Secretarv of Suite in 17(»<l (became
distinguished in this maimer ;] his happy art of
aiiommodating lumseil to ( iriiimstances pro-
cured liiin the name of " Uobbing .lohn."—
1\.miiut's I'.Mi., vol. (I, ch. 1.
7«0. CHARACTEE, Changeful. Ihniifnc' VJir.
noniface expired at Koine in a fien/.y of rage
and revenge. Ilis memory is slained with the
glaring vices of avarii e anil iiriiie ; nor has the
courage of a martyr piomoted this ecclesia.slical
champion to the' honors of a .saint; a mag-
nanimous sinner (say the chronicles of the
times), who entered Tiki! a fox, reigned like a
' lion, and died like a dog. He was succeeded
by Henediit XI., the mildest of mankind.—
Giniio.NM Uo.Mi:, ch. W).
7«I. CHARACTER, Composite. L'lther.
flleine's opinion of Luther:] " He created the
(Jerman languiiLM'. He was not only the,
greatest, but the most Gei'^nan man of our
history. In his character all the faults and all
the virtues of the (Jermans are cimibined on
the largest scale. Th.'ii he had (|ualities which
an^ very seldom found united, which we are ac-
customed to regard as irreconcilable antago-
nisms. He was, at the same time, a dreamy
mystic and a luactical man of action. His
thoughts had not only wings, but hands. 1I«
spoke and he acted. I hi was not only the
tongue, but the sword of his time. When ho
had plagued himself all day long with his doc-
frinal distinctions, in the evening he took his
flute and gazed at the stars, dis-solved in melody
and devotion. He could be as .soft as a tender
maiden. Sometimes he was wild as the st-irm
that uproots the oak, and then again he was
gentle as the zejihyr that dallies with the violet."
— Rein's Lttiiek, p. 205.
762. CHARACTER, Contradictory. Jamen II.
A libertine without love, a devotee without
si)irituality, an advocate of toleration without
the sen.se of the natural right of conscience — in
him tlie muscular force prevailed over the
intellectual. He floated between the sen.suality
of indulgence and the .sen.suality of superstition,
hazarding heaven for an ugly mistress, and, to
the great delight of alibots and nuns, winning it
back again by pricking his flesh with sharp
points of iron, :iiid eating no meat on Saturdays.
Of the two brothers, the Duke of Bukingham
said well, that Cluirles [II.] would not and
James coulil not see. — Ba.ncuokt's U. S., vol. 2,
ch. 17.
7«:i. . Qni'ni Klizdhcth. To the
world about her, the temper of Elizabeth re-
called in its strange contrasts the mixed blood
within her veins. She was at once the daughter
of Henry [VIII.] and of Anne Boleyn. From
her father she inherited her frank and hearty
address, her love of popularity and of free inter-
course with the people, her dauntless courage,
and her amazing .self-confidence. Her harsh,
manlike voice, her impetuous will, her pridc^
CIIAHACTKH.
01
licr furious oulljur.st'* of ij^cr, came to Iht with
Iht TudiT hlood. SIh' nilrd jfrnil nobles us if
tlii'y were Hclioolboys ; she met the iusolciicc of
Lord Ksscx willi n hox oti tlic ciir ; she broke
now and tlien into tiie ^M'avest deliberations in
Hweiirat lier ministers like a tlsliwife. Siraiijrely
in contrast with these \iolent outlines of lier
father's temper Mtoo<i the sensuous, self ind'd
>tenl nature she drew from Anne Hole> ii. — lli>r.
OK Knoi.isii I'l.olUI'.
:i(».
TO'I CHARACTER, Diioipline of. Cronnnf/:,
Hiililiiis. Nor would it bi' safe, in our time, to
tolerate in any rei^imenl reliirious meetinijs, ai
which a corporal versed in scri|)ture should lead
the devotions of his less j;ifted colonel, and ad-
monish a baekslidim; nia.jor. liut such was the
intellii^ence, the ),fravity, and the self command
of the warriors whom Cromwell had traineil,
that in their camp a political oruani/.ation and a
relifjious orirani/.alion coidd i'.\i>.t without de
stroyinj; military ori,nini/.alion. The siuTie men
\/ho, off duty, were noted as dema!;o;rues and
liold-preaeliers, were di^linL^uished by steadiness,
by the s])irit of order, and by |)rompl obedience
on watch, on drill, and on tlie Held of battle, —
Macaui.ay'm En(i., ch. 1,
705. CHARACTER dlscloseJ. Sumud .l^hn-
son. UoswKi,!, : " .Mr. IJurke has a constant
Htrcam of conversation." Johnson : " Yes,
sir ; if a man were to ^o by chance at the same
time with Murkeundera shed, to simn a shower,
lie wouKl say, ' This is an extraordinary man.'
If IJurke .sliould j^o into a stabler to see his li'orsi-
(Ire.ssed tii(! ostler would say, ' \Vu liave had an
extraordinary man here. ' " Hohwki.i, : " Foote
was a man who never failed in conversation. If
lie iuid gone into a slalile — " Johnson : " Sir, if
he liad. gone into tlii! stable, the ostler would
have said, llcro has been a conucal fellow ; but
lie would not have respecteil him." — Uoswki.i/s
JOIINHON, p. ■Al.
766. CHARACTER, Elevation of. A risUilcH thr
JuKt. AVlieii the chief command of tlie war was
given to Athens, a new .system was established
with regard totlu^ contril)utionsof tin; confeder-
ate States, trusting no longer to contingent and
oocii.sional supplies or free gifts. The subsidies
to be levied from each were to be exacted in pro-
portion to its means, and the revenue of its ter-
ritory ; and a common treasury was appointed
to be kept in tlie Isle of Delos. The high cliar-
aoter of Aristides was exemiilitled in the im]>or-
tant and honorable trust with w hicli lip was in-
vested by the common consent of the nation. It
appears that not only the custody of tin; nation-
al supplies, but the power of fixing their propor-
tions, was conferred on this illustrious man :
nor was there ever acomjilaint or murmur heard
against the ecpiitv Avith which this high but in-
vuliou.s function was administered. The best
testimony of his virtue was the strict frugality
of his life and the honorable jioverty in which
he died.— Tytlku's Hist., Book 2, ch. 1, p. 1:58.
767. CHARACTER estimated. ('mnvri'U's. It
cannot be doubt(!d that the estimate of his char-
acter will always be formed, not merely from
sympathy with a certain set of opinions, hut
even more from that strange, occult, and un-
definable sentiment which, arising from pecu-
liarity of temperament, becomes the creator of
intellectual and even moral appreciation. Hence
there are those to whom, wliatevcr may be tlm
amount of evidence for Ids purity, Cromwell
can only be hateful ; while there are others,
ai^'idn. to whom, even if certain flaws or faults
III character appear in him, he can only he ad-
miiable. — IIooii'h CitoM wi;i,l,, t h. I, p, V!.
76M. CHARACTER, Foundation for. (Iirmiinn.
Now, "in two remarkable trails the (iermans
dilTered from the Saniutic as well as from the
Slavic naliiiMs, and. indeed, from all thosr other
races to whom the Oreeks and Uomans \^\\\{> the
designiiiiun of barbarians. I allude to their |ier-
sonal freedom and reganl forth,' rights i .' nieii ;
secondly, to the resjieet paid by them to the
female sex, and tlie chastity for w hieh the latter
were celebrated among the people of the North.
These were the founilalioiis of that probity of
character, self-respect, and purity of nianners
which may be traced among the (Jermans and
( Jotliseven (luring pagan times, and w hieji, w lien
their sentiments were eidighteiied by Christiati-
ily, brought out those splen<lid trails ol charac-
ter which distinguish the age of chivalry and
romance." — l)i:( isi\ to Haiii.iih, eh. d.
76ft. CHARACTER, Greatneti of. Ijilhrr.
l()l>inion of Thomas Carlyle. I " I wilhall this
liUther a true great man, great in intellect, in
courage, alVeeiion, and integrity, one of our
most lovable and precious men. (Jreat not as
a liewn olielisk, but as lui Al|>ine mountain, so
simple, lionesi, spontaneous, not setting up to
Ik,' great at all ; there for (|uite imother puri)o.so
than being great ! Ah, v<'s, unsubdiiable granite,
piercing far and wide into the heavens ; yet in
the clefts of it fountains, green beautiful valleys
with flowers ! A riglit spiritual Hero and
Prophet ; once more a trut; .son of Nature and
Fact, for whom these centuries and many that
are to come yet will be thankful to heaven."
— Hkin's hiTiiKii, ch. m, p. 20(1.
770. CHARACTER, Grotesque. I'oil s/irUn/.
To the world lui presented the rare spectacle of
a man passionate for truth and unreservedly obe-
dient to the right as he discerned it. The anom-
aly which maiUi his practical career a failuro
lay ,iust here. TIk- right he followed was too
f)ften the antithisis of ordinary morality ; in his
desire to cast away the false and grasp the trm.',
li(! overshot the mark of prudence. The lileiid-
iiig in him of a i)ure tmd earnest jMiiinse with
moral and social theories that could not but
have ]>roved pernicious to mankind at larg<', pro-
duced at times an almost grote.s(|ue mixture in
his actions no less thtm in his ver.se. We can-
not, tlierefo'-e, wonder that soeietv, while he
lived, felt the necessity of asserting itself ngaiusi
him. — SvMoNos' Siii:i,i,kv, ch. H.
771. CHARACTER, Inherited, Amrvii'iiiin.
\\y the middle of the eighteenth century the
American colonies had, to a certain extent, as-
sumed a national character ; but they were still
strongly marked with the jjeculiarities which
tlieir ancestors brought with them from Europe.
In New England, especially in ^lassachu.setts
imd Connecticut, the principles and practices of
Puritanism still held universal sway. On the
lianks of the Hudson the language, manners,
and customs of Holland were almost as preva-
lent as they had been a hundred years before.
By the Delaware the Quakers were gathered in
such numbers us to control all legislati>,^n and to
!»•.'
( IlAUACir.lt ( IIAItll'V
prcvctlt .si-'IniM IlinriVlllioim M|inri the silll|i|c
iiii'IIkiiIh III ii\iltinil suciiil nruimi/iilimi liiim
• liiccil Ky I'iriii. Oil till' iinrihi'i'ii Imiik of llir |
I'l.lnlimr, till' ymilliriil riciiciii U, llli'>ixlll IjHiI
Jliilliiniiir. 11 iilMplciiiM mill iJI'.Miliiii' jidvi'innr,
nilnl II |ii'ii|i|i' w JKi still (MiiI'Mriiircl til till' niihr {
I'f lliiiii;-, ('-.iiililislii'il a liiiiiilrnj nnil tlilily yciir-t
iiri'viiMi^ly liy Sir (}iiii-iri. iiiiil Ci'iil Ciilvrrt'. Ill I
v'lr;:iiiiii iiiuiliir ol ,-.liil('s uinl stiili'snicii- tlir
pi'<i|ili' liiul all tlii'ir nil! pi'ciilJiii'ilii'H : u sdiih'
wliiit liaiiu'lily ilciiii'iiiinr ; priilr ,,( anci'sliy ; I
t'liiidiiis^' lor ai'Nldcnitic spuct-. ; linspitality ; i
loviMiT rriiilnm. 'I'iic North ( 'iiniliiiiMiiH wiTi', "at I
tills Cplicll, till' MIIIIIC nijriil'lj alHJ illMlllllfllillMll' I
iiM'c III' jiiiiiii.rs tliat tlicy liail 'ilways 1 ii. Jul
SoiiiJi Caniliim . . . Ihc pniplr,' iiinMlly of
Krciicli (li'sccnt, were iis Imt iiliimli'il ailij ai
jciiliais III' llii'ir ri^ilits as tlirir aiiccstni's.— Kid
I'ATirrt illHT., eh, atl, p. -JHO.
77!!. CHARACTER misinterpreted. rh,iil,» II
That till' lull' kiiiir hail hfcii at liiail a Kiiiiiari
('iitliiilic hail lii'cn, iIiii'Iiil; shiih' iiuhiIIim, .hiis-
pccti'd mill wliispcrcil, luit ii<i| I'liiinally mi
iioiiiici'd. Till' ilisi'liiNiiii', iiiili'cd, I'liiilil mil III'
imidc willidut, irrcat, scan lal. Charles hud,
liiiics wilhiiiit, mmilicr. drclariil liimsdl' a I'm!
cstaiit. and had liri'ii in the lialiil iil' .rccivin^r
the Hncharist rrniii tlii' liishops ,>l ihr I'lslalilisli'd
Chiircli. Those I'roti'staiils who had stood l>y
liini in Ids dilllciiltics, and \vlio still clH'rishi-il
nil afTcctionaii' rcincinlirancc ol' hini, must, he
filled with shame and iiidi;;'niilioii liy leariiiii;^
that, his whole life; had lieeii a lie ; iliat. while
he prol'essi'd to lielon;^ to their ('omniiinion, I'e
hud really rcirarded tlieiii as heretics ; and iliai
till! dema,!,foL,nies who hud represented him as :i
conceuh'd papist had been the only people who
hud rornied a correct JMdi,'m('iit of his cli.iracler.
— .MACAn.Av'rt JOiio., cli. (I, p. -10.
77». CHARACTER moulded by Theology.
Croiiiinll. Cromwell was all that \\(' include in
the term I'uritan. ilis whole laihlir life wus
the result of tiiat inentul experience by which
his faith was inoulded. In him there wus a pro-
found reverence for the Itiw of (<od. He hud
uii instinctive! apprehension of order. To dis-
franchise, to rout, and put to flight the imliecili-
ties of unarcliists — such was his work. A sworn
soldier of the Deculo.^ue wus he. Say that he
read with keen vividness into men's hearts and
men's ])iirpose.s ; well, lie did so, as any mini
may do, hj' the light of high intelligent jirinci-
|)leM within liiin. In many things, we do not
doubt, he much misinterpreted the; te.vts of the
Diviiu! IJook. i'erliiips he was too nuicli a
" Hebrew of the Hebrews." Some do not .see
how !i man can be faithfully a Christian man
and also a soldier ; but if he will be a soldier,
then wc! do not .see how he can fulfil u soldier's
duly lietter than by looking into the Old Teslu-
ment. \Vo see ])lainly that we shall not know
(h-omwell's cliaructer and deeds unless we uc-
(juaint ourselves with Cromwell's theology. —
Hood's Ciuj.MWKi, I., eh. 1, p. 23.
774. CHARACTER, Natural. FonU'red. The
most important care of Mummiea [the mother of
Alexander] and her wise counsellors, was to
form the character of the young enii)erf)r . . .
the fortunate .soil assisted, and even iireventcd,
the hand of cultivation. An excellent under-
standing soon convinced Alexander of the ad-
\ alllilL'cH of \ illlle, the pleasure of knowledge,
and the lu'ccssii; of lalHir. A natural iiiildiieNi
and iiindrrulioii of tiiiipi r preserved him I roin
the a-'^uulls of passiiiii Mild the alliiri'inents of
\ ice. Ilis iiiihlti'iable ri'L'urd fo-' his iiiothir . , .
Lniardi'd his iiie\perielieei| yniilli from tiie
poisiili of liatlerv (iiniloNS ItiiMI':, ell. (I.
775. CHARACTER above Office. A," ;// yv < /• " /•
The liieal riiiii(|(i-.h>, in Mis iudicioiis advice to
his SUM. . . . ili^linL:ui--lM's the station of a Komaii
prince fiom Dial of a raiiliian inoniirch. Virtue
was iii'cessary for the one ; liirlh might siilllce
tor the other". .Mii.m \n, in Oiiiiion'k Uo.mk.
77«. CHARACTER, Trifling. < I r <■ ,■ I,- ». The
wariiilh III the i liiii.ile di'^posed llie natives of
Aniiorli to the most inteinperuti enjoyment of
traiii|uillily and opulence ; and the lively liceti
tioiisness of the (ireeks wus blended will) the
heredil.'irv softness of the Syrians. l''ushion wus
Ilie only law, iileasiire the only pursuit, and the
splendor of (iriss and fiirniiure was the only
distiiiclion of the eili/i'iis of .Viitiiieh. The arts
of luxury were hiiiioied : the serious and manly
virtues were the siilijeit of riili<'nli' ; iind the
contenipt for female iiioilesly mid reverent iign
iiiinoiinci'd the universal corruption of the ('iip-
ilal of tlie Must, The lo\e of spectucles was the
lasle.or rather passion, of the Syrians — the most
skilful artists were procured fioni the iidjac'iit
cities; a c^illsiileiable share of. tlii' revenue V.lis
de\'oli'd to thi public uniusements ; and the
mugniliceiice of the gunies of the tlieatic and
circus was considered us the happiness and ii.s
the glory of .\niiiicli. — (iiniins's |{omi;, ch. 24.
777. CHARITY for the Dead. Ilolinuhrohr.
The great Duke of .MMilboniugh iiiid the first
Lord ISolingbroke were in opposite political in-
terests, and were consciiuenlly, on most occa-
sions, riinged iigainst eu( h other. Some gentle-
men, after the duke's decease, were canva.ssing
his ch.'iracter with much severity, and particu-
larly chargeil him with being excessively ava-
ricious. At length they appealed for the truth
of their statemeiils to Lord liolingbroke, who
was one of the compuny. This nobleman, with
a generosity which did him real honor, an-
swered: "The l)uke .if .Marllioroiigh was so
great a man that I (|iiite forget his fuilings."
77». CHARITY distrusted. Joseph IT. Jo-
seph II., walking one day <iii tne Prater at
Vienna, met a \dung woman who seemed in
great distress, lie iiii|uired the cause, and found
that she was the daughter of an ollicer who had
been killed in the Imperial service, and that she
and her mother had supported them.selves by
their industry, but were now nnemi)loyo<l.
" Have you recei\ed no assistance from the
government '!" said the emperor. " None," wu<
the rejily. ' I5ut why not apply to the em-
])eror ■;' he is easy of access." "They .say he
is avaricious, and such a step would then be
useless." The inoiian'h immediately gave the
young woman some ducats and a ring, telling
"her that he was in the emperor's .service, anil
would .serve her, if with her mother she would
come to the pidaci! on a certain .lay. The ap-
])ointm;!nt was kept, and the young woman rev-
ognized her benefactor in the person of the em-
jieror, who bade her not to be alarmed, as he had
.settled a pension on her and her mother, adding,
(IIAKIIV ('lli:i:i{|'l L.NKSS
'.):)
|n' _\ III) \N ill iii'i ill <iiiilr
" Al iiiiolJH'r liinc, I III
iif It lii'iirl tlijit h just."
Tr». CHAKITf, Kobilltyof. .I//V,.//,. 11, jrur
Mitlllnl riir^'lvillLT llllllS to MM IIIINMII'tllN llllNiill,
hi' Niiiil, "I |,nivi' : liiit It wiiH In iiiiiiikiiiil. '
C'Y< l,(H'i;i)l A OK Hloil., |>. ."j.'iS.
V*»0. CHARITY, wise, ./..//// /A. /r,nv/. Iiitiim-*
fif Si iirrily 111' t\rl'lril llilllsrir tii llllil cmiiliiV-
IIICIll. fur lIliiMi' III!' Ills ti'nilllt-<| \N III) lli'i'ilrii (t,
iri'llliii; Hilimtlniis iiinoii;; hi-* t'rIriiiU for dcxi'iv
Iti^' ^Irls Mini voiiii!,' Ill- II, krrpiiii; iimiiy IiiiihN
))ii'<y ii|iiiii \\]a own i^roiiiiiN iiiiil In wruviii'^'
linen for his rainilv. It is siiiil thai he hiul
litirn ('non<;li In his lioMsr vvhrn Im' dii iI to ImsI
(ll'ty yriiis liinj,'i't'. lir \sms iilnctniil to trivr
niimry In clinrity, cvci'iit to juimmis whoconlil
not work. IIIh wiiy wiis to inovicli' wurU, cstii
if till' work WIIH not, nrrili'cl. 'I'lils |iiiMii|i|i',
iiDWcvrr, dill not prrvriit his t,dvliiL; pirsciils on
limpcr orrnsloiw to discrvinij olijrits. All his
scrviints wi'rc p'nrronsly rrnirinlirrcil liy hini iil,
< 'hristniiis nnil on tlii'ir liii'thil:iys ; and wlim
one of their ilaiii.Mili'rx was niarried he \mis
fond of presenting tlie lirlde with ii ^ood eow, —
C-'VCI.OI'KDIA l)K Hloil., p. !!S.
7N I. CHARITY, Wonderful. F,///,.!- M„tl„ m
nil id : A poor WDinim found in tliestre.'ls a nude
infant, wiiieh mIic liriMi;;ht to Mie, iind asked im
Iilorlnj^ly what Hlie was to do with it. Inlln
t'lieeii, unhappily, iiy eold caution, I iidvised her
to >riv(! it to the ehuiih wa'delis. It was then
cvcninj;. ( »ii the cusuuiLr nioriiini,', early, I found
tills pi-ir woman at inv doors. .She was ii poor
water carrier. She cried liitterly, and said, " I
liave not «li'|it one wink all iiiLrht for partinu^
with tl-at child which (Jod had juit in n v way.
and, if you will ,u;iv ■ me leave, I will take him
liack iiffain." \ \ - tilled with collfl.^lorl at
(he pious teiidernesHol' iliis |)oor creature, and i
Aveiit with her to the parisli nurse for the infant,
which she liroiiLfht to her home with joy, c.\-
(■liiiminjf, in the very words of the ])rophet.
" Poor child, tiiouuh thy mother has fort'otten
thee, I will not for;,'et thee." Ki^dit years
liavc ('la])se(l since' she lirouiiht lo her humlile
home" that ('X]iosed iiifai"!, and she is now liliiiu
from the coiiHtant exposures to wet and cold ; iind
ten times ii day may lie seen that poor wn-
terciirrier iiassiiiif with her weary load, led liy
this little foundlin,'.; hoy, () merciful .lesiis, f
would irladly sacrifice thc^ wealth and power of
this widi- world, to set-ure to my.'-elf the ulorious
welcome that awaits this poor lilind water car-
rier on t'le jrrcat accountiiiL; day ! Oh, what,
compared to charily like this, the ermiiied rolie,
the ivory sceptre, the irolden throne, the jew-
elled diadem ! — CVCI.OI'KDI.V OK iJlOli,, ]). lllf,
7NI2. CHARM. Protecting. Xinnn. [Numa.onc
(if the earliest kin^s of Koine, | liavini: n.ixeii
the fountain of wliich they used to drink with
wine and honey, surprised and citiiirht |lliedcmi-
•rods, who] . , . ae(|uaint('d him with many se-
crets of futurity and lauixht him a criarm for
thunderantl lij.ditninjj, composed of onions, hair,
and pilchards, which is used to this day. — I'l.c-
TAIUH'S NlMA.
783. . Af/inin J)<i. Th.r a r/n us ihi,
in tli(3 Roman ("alholic Church, is a cake of wa.\,
henrinf^ the ima.tre of a lamh hcarini,'' a cross.
Being hles.se(l hy the pope, they are worn liy
many Catholics, and liellevnl to drive away liml
spirits and preserve their wea."ers from hafiii. —
Am Cvc, " .\(iM s |)i:i."
7MI. CHASTISEMENT of Children, S,;,„r;,,:
Severe eoiporal piinishnicnl wa-' the iiecu^lonieil
iiistruinent of ^'ood eillicallon hi the litleellth c.'ll-
tiny. 'I'll!' s( oiirue was 1,'coninieiidecl even hy
lii'lille inolhel's lo lie iidlililiisleled In their soils.
- K MUM IS I'.Nii., vol. 'J, ell. ."i,
7W5. CHASTITY and CivlUiatlon. "y,;„,, /. A I
llioUL''li the pi'iiu:ress of eivili/.ation ha-> iiiidnulil
eilly colli I'll lilt CI I loilssuaLl'e the lien er passions of
human natiiie, it seems to have heeii le^s favorii-
lile to the virtue of chastity, w hose most ilaiiu'cr-
oiis enemy is the sofliiess of the mind. The re-
tilieinelitsof life eornipt w liile they polNll the lll-
leri nurse of llic sexes. The jr|'osH appellle of
love lieeonies most ilaiiu'erous when it is elevat-
ed, or rather, indeed, disguised liv seiitiineiilul
passion. '!'lie elei;aiieeof dress, oi' motion, anil
of manners ^dves a lustre to licauty, and inllame>i
the senses throu^di the imairinatioii. Luxurious
"iitertalnmeiits, inidni;;lit dances, and lieeniioiH
spectacles present nt once lein|itiil ion and op-
portunilv lo female frailtv. Oinuo.N s l£o.\ii;,
eh. II.
7N«. CHASTITY. Invincible, /.'.////-/;- Hm.r.il
/li/iKiiriiiH. Helisariiis was chaste and solier. In
the license of a military life, none coiilil liotisl,
that they had seen him intoxicaled with v.liie ;
the most lieaiititiil captives of (iolliic or V'andii!
race wcie otVered to his emiii'i'ces ; I ml he lurni'd
aside from their charms, and the hnsli.n'd ol An-
loiiini". was never suspected of violatiii;c the \n\vn
of con,jui;al lldelity. — (iinnoN's Romio, eh, -11.
7«7. CHASTITY, Rare. l-:,t,hi <'livi»li,niH. U
was with the utmost dillieiill\ that ancient Koino
could siiiiport the liisiiiution of six vestals ; liiil,
the primilive church was llllel willi ii irreal iiiiin-
lier of persons of either se.x, who had devoted
them.selves lo the ])r."l'ession of perpetual clia.s-
tily. — (fimioNs Ro.vu;, vol. 1, ' 15, p. ."i.JO.
7m8. CHEERFULNESS, SimulBted. Muni. T!ii5
ship in which the I'riiicess iif ()rani.^e had em-
harked lay oil" .Marv'ale, and on tne followiiii^
mornimr anchored at (Jrccnwich. She was re-
ceived with ni.any si!.'ns of Joy and all'eclion ;
hut her demeanor shocked tin Tories, and wa.s
not thou^dit faultless even by tlu- Willi's. A
younj^ woman, placed, liy a destiny as mourn-
ful and awful as that which hro'ided over lh(!
fiililed houses of I,alidiicus and I'elops, in such ii
situation that she could not, without violating
her duty lo lier ( !oil, lier husliaiid, and her coun-
try, refuse to take her seat on the throne from
which lier father [.lames II. | had just lieeii
liurlcd, should have lieen sad, oral least serious.
Marv vvas not merely in hii!:h, liul in extra va.iiiint
spirits. She entered Whitehall, it vvas asserted,
vvitli a irirlish deliudit at beiiiir mistress of so tino
u house, ran alioiit the rooms, peeped into tluj
closets, and examined tlie ipiilt of the state bed,
without seeminu; to rememlicr hy whom tlio.so
stati'iy uiiartments liad last iieen occupieil. [ Misii-
op] Burnet, who had, till then, llioui;lit her an
annx'l in human form, could not, on this occa-
sion, refrain from blamiii!; her. He wa.s the
more astonished, because, when he took leave of
her at ii'u^ Ilajjue, she had, lhou;rli lully con-
viucod that she was in the path of duty, been
^trnm--*^-
u
C'HKKHING-CHU.DIIOOI).
deeply dejected. To liiiTi, as to licr sjiiritutd
iriiide, nlie af'cTWiird ('Xi)lniii"d licr conduct.
vVilliiim )iad written to inform lirr tliiit some of
tlio.se .vlio had tried to separate her interests from
Ills still continued their machinations; they
piV(.' it out tlcit she thouifht liers<'lf wroii^rcd ;
and, if slie wore a ^'ooiuy coiintcnanw, the re-
port woulil lie V .mtirmed. He tlicreforeeritreatcd
iier to makif her tirst. appearance with an air o''
cheerfiiliuss Ilcr heart, sIk- said, was far in-
deed from cheerful : hut she had done her best ;
and, .is she was afraid of not sustaining well a
part which was uncoiigcniiil to her feelings,
she had <>veractt,l it. Her deportm^'iit was the
subject of reams of :(ciirrility in pro.se !>.nd verse ;
it '.owered her in llic opinion of .some whose es-
teem she valued ; no;- did the world know, till
she was heyond 'he reach of praise and censure,
that tlu^ conduct, which liad lirought 0:1 her the;
reproach of levity r.nd iii.sensihility was really a
signal instance of that jierfcct disinterestedness
and self-devotioi; of which man seems to be in-
capable, but which is sometimes found in wom-
an.— Mac aui,.\y's Eno., Cll. 10, p. ()(»().
r8». CHEERING effective. War of Jl,Mli»n.
The i^outherii troops wlu-n charging, or to ex-
l)res.s their delight, always yell in a manner jie-
culiar to themselves. Tlu; Yankee cheer is much
more liko ours ; but the ('onf jderate oflicers de-
clare that the rebel yell has a peculiar merit, and
always ])roduces a salutary and ii.seful effect
upon their adversaries. A corps is sometimes
siK)ken of as a " good yelling regiment." [Brit-
ish ofticer's diary, quoted in^ PoLi. Aim's Sec-
ond Veau ok Tiiii War, p. 349.
790. CHILL, Influence of a. Sorereign. In
1425, with a view ])robably to diminish the in-
fluence of (he protector [the Duke of Glouces-
ter], by exhibiting the child Henry [VI., then
live years old] as a shadow of ro_) ally, lie was
brought into the House of Lords and seated
\ipou the thrcne upon his mother's knee. " It
•was a strange sight," says Speed, the chronicler,
" and the tirst time it was ever seen in England,
an infant sitting in his mother's lap, and before
it could tell what English meant, to exercise
the place of sovereign direction in ojien Parlia-
ment." — Knioht's E.no., vol. 2, cli. 5, p. 78.
TPi. CHILD, A passionate. Blaise Pascal.
When the boy was a year old he was ob.servcd
to resent, in the most violent manner, any ca-
resses which his parents exchanged. Either of
iliem migl-.t kiss him in welcome, but if they
ki.s.sed one another, he cried, kicked, and made
a terrible ado. He had also the peculiarity (not
very rare among children) of making a great
outcry whenever a basin of water was brought
near him. " Every one,' writes an inmate and
relative of the family, "said the ciiild was be-
witched by an old woman who was in the habit
of receiving alms from the house." [The "witch"
apjilied her sorcery, and apjieared to have killed
the child, but it was restored.] — C'Yci.orEDiAOK
BioG., p. m.
792. CHILD, Power of. liulir. Themistocles'
son being master of his mother, and by her
means, oif him, he said, laughing, " This child is
greater than any man in Greece ; for the Athe-
nians command the Greeks, I command the
Athenians, his mother commands me, and lie
commands his mother." — Plutakch.
79 !1. CHILD, Precocious. Snniiel Johnnon.
When Dr. Saclicverell was at I.ichtleld, .lohnson
was not (luile ihrc yars old. My grandfathur
Hammond observed' liiiii at the cathedral perch-
ed upon his father's slioulders, listening and
gaping at the much-celclirated i)rcaclier. Mr.
llainmoiid asked Mr. .lohnson how he could
]tossibly think of bringing such an infant to
church, and in the midst of so great a crowd.
Ml answered, liecause it wa . iiiiiiossible to keep
him at home ; for. young as he was, he believed
he had caught the imblic spirit and zeal for
Saclicverell, and wouhl have stayed forever in
the church.— UuswEi.i.'s .Johnson, p. 5.
791. CHILD, A ruined. (Iricf. ^Irs. Susanna
"Wesley [the mother of .John Wesley] had seen
much atllietion. Her husliand had been in
jiriscm for debt, she had sulTeied from poverty
and sifkne.ss, some of her children had died, and
otiiers married unhaiiinly. She wrote thus to
Ifcr brother in bereavcmVnt : "O sir, happy,
thrice happy are you ; hajipy is my .sister that
buried your ( hildrcn in infancy ! Secure from
temjitation, secun' from guilt, .secure from want
or shame or lo.ss of friends, they are safe beyond
the reach of ])ain or sense of mi.sery. lieing
gtme lieiice, nothing can touch them further.
Believe me, sir, it is better to mourn ten chil-
dren dead than one living, and I have buried
many."
795- CHILD, Value of a. Hniiheii. Abdallah-
Ben-Ab(' Mottnlib. the father of T.Inhomet,
when a h narrowly escajied sacrifice at his
father's lia.ids, who, being childless, made a vow
that lie would sacrifice one of his children to
the gods if they would grant him a family. The
family came, and the lot being taken fell on Ab-
d.illah. The father was on the point of fulfil-
ling his vow, when, by the advice of his friends,
he staved his hand and consulted a wise woman,
who directed him to place ten camels, the price
of blood among the Aralis, on one side, and his
son on the uther, and to cast lots between them ;
and as often as the lots should be against the
youtL, he waste add ten more camels. The ex-
periment was tried, and the lot was again.st Ab-
dallah ten times ; tlie father sacrificed one hun-
dred camels, and saved his son. — App. Cyc,
" AllDAM.AH."
796. CHILDHOOD, Impressible. Iier. John Da-
rin. [He was early trained in the doctrines of
religion.] He attributed liis conversion, in his
nineteenth year, to the ineifaceable impression
of a lesson of the Holy Scriptures, heard while
sitting on his father's linee when he was a child.
— Stevens' M. E. Ciiiucii, vol. 4, p. 230
797. CHILDHOOD, Terrors of. William Cowper.
My chief aftiicdon consisted in my being singled
oiit from all the other boys b- a lad of about
fifteen years of age as a projier object upon
wlumi he might let loose the cruelty of his tem-
per. I choose to conceal a particular recital oi
the many acts of barbarity with which he made
it his business coiU'r.ually to persecute me. It
will be sufficient to say that his savage treatment
of me impressed such a dread of his figure upon
my mind, that I well reiiiember l)eing afraid to
lift my eyes upon him higher than to his knees,
and that I knew him better by his slioe-buckles
than by any other part of his dress. May the
CillLDUEN.
115
Lord pardon Inin, luid may wu iiK'ct in j^lory !
— Hmith's COWI'KII, cli. J.
798. CHILDREN abused. Paupers. [In the
Uriti.sh colliericH, 1887,] it wan W\v ciistoni of
many of the hard la.sk-mastcTs to take two or
tliree apprentices at a time, supporting theni-
nelves and families out of tlie labor of tliese un-
fortunate orphans, wliofrom tiieage of fourteen
to twenty-one never received a jMuiny for them-
selves, by a servitude in whieli there w.is notlilng
to learn beyond a little dexterity readily ac-
(|uired by short j)ractice. [Some of them were
whipped to death.] — Kniuiit's Enu., vol. 8,
ch. 32, p. 396.
799. . SpiiDuiiq. Children of
very tender age, collected from tlie liOndon
workhouses and other abodes of the friendless,
■were transported to Manchester and the neigh-
borhood as apprentices. They were often work-
ed througli the whole night ; liad no regard paid
to their (;leanlin(;ss ; and received no instruction.
[They were emj>loyed on the newly invented
spinning machines.] — IvNiGUT'b Enu., vol. 7,
ch. 3, p. 52.
§00. CHILDREN a Blessing. MahomH. His
enemies, wl>o regarded the privation of a male
child as a disfavor of Heaven, gave to Mahomet
the ignominious epithet of a man without a con-
tinuation of him.self. — Lamautink's Tuukey,
p. 140.
801. CHILDREN, Delight in. Mahomet. Ma-
homet's politeness to men of all conditions who
approached him was gcnitle and respectful.
"He never," says Aboulfeda, "withdrew his
hand the first from the hand of those who were
saluting him." He played . . . with the children
of AH, the husband of his daughter, Fatima, in
default of any of his own. One of these li'.tle
cues, of a tender age, named Hossein, Imving
crept upon his back while he was prostraodin
prayer, ^vith his face against the earth, the proph-
et remained in this attitude, to gratify the child,
until its mother came to deliver him of the bur-
den. — Lamaktine's Tuukey, p. 152.
809. CHILDREN, Discipline of. Sere r i t //.
[a.d. 1547.] Severe discipline of children was
the characte/istio of an age in which men and
boys, and even girls, were governed more by ter-
ror than by lov Peter Carewe, when he ran
away from school, was led home in chains like a
dog, and was coupled to a hound in a filthy out-
house. Lady Jane Grey described to Ascham
how, in the presence of her parents, she was com-
pelled to deport herself in every action of life ac-
cording to the strictest rules ; " or else I am so
sharply taunted, so cruelly threatened, yea pres-
ently, sometimes with puiches, nips, and bobs,
and other ways which I will not name for the
honor I bear them, so without measure disorder-
ed that I think myself in hell." The poor lady,
however, considered the severity as a blessing,
for it taught her to value the exceptional kindness
of her schoolmaster, "whoteacheth me so gen-
tly, so pleasantly, with such fair allurements to
learning, that I think all the time nothing while
I am with him. " — Knight's Eno., vol. 2, ch.
29, p. 496.
803. CHILDREN frightened. Reign of James
II. [The ladies of the queen's household, prompt-
ed by avarice, phnuiered the victims of Jef-
freys' court.] The prey on which they pounced
most eagerly was one which it might have lieeii
thought that even the most ungentle natures
would have spared. Already some of the girls
who had presented astandanl to Monmouth [the
rebel and jinaended king] at Taunton had cru-
elly expiated their ollcnce. One of them had
been thrown into a prison where an infectious
malady was raging. She had sickened and died
there. Ano'.her had presented herself at the bar
before Jeffreys to beg for mercy. " Take her,
jailer," vociferated th(! judge, with one of those
frowns which had often struck terror into ..;.;ut-
er hearts than hers. She burst into tears, drew
her hood over her face, followed the jailer outof
court, fell ill of fright, and in a few hours was a
corpse. Most of the young ladies, however, who
had walked in the procession were still alive.
Some of them were under ten years of age. All
had acted under the orders of their .schoolmis-
tress, without knowing that they were commit-
ting a crime. The (jueen's maids of honor nsked
the royal i)erniission to wring money o>it of the
parents of the poor children, and the permission
was granted. An order was sent down to Taun-
ton that all thesis little girls should be seized and
iinpri.sonetl. [See more at No. 607.] — Macau-
lay's Enu., ch. 5, p. 607.
804. CHILDREN, Labors of. lieiijn of f7iarle.i
IT. At Norwich, the chief seat of the clothing
trade, a little creature six years old was thought
fit for labor. Several writers of that time, and
among them some who were considered as emi-
nently benevolent, mention, with exultation, tlw;
fact, that in that city boys and girls of a tender
age created wealth exceeding wliat was neees.sa-
ry for their own subsistence by .t 12,000 a year.
— Macaui.ay's Eng. , eh. 3, p. 390.
805. CHILDREN, Mistrained. John Milton's.
He did not allow his daughters to learn any lan-
guage, saying with a gibe that one tongue was
enough for a woman. They were not sent to
any school, but had some sort of teaching at
home from a mistress. But in order to nuike
them useful in reading to him, their father was
at the pains to train them to read aloud in five or
six languages, of none of which they understood
one word. When we think of the time and la-
bor which must have been expended to teach
them to do this, it must occur to us that a little
more labor would have surticed to teach them so
much of one or two of the languages as would
have made their reading a source of interest and
j improvement to them.selves. This Milton refus-
I ed to do. The consecnience was, as might have
been expected, the occupation became .so irk-
some to them that they rebelled against it. In
the case of one of th(>m, Mary, . . . this restive-
ness pa.ssed into open revo'.t. She first resisted,
ihen neglected, ai 1 finally came to hate, her
father. When some one spoke . . . slu! s;iid,
that was no news to her of his wedding ; but
if she could hear of his death, that was .some-
thing. She combined with Anne, the eldest
daughter, " to coim.sel his maid-servant to cheat
him in his marketings." They sold his books
without his knowledge. " They made nothing
of deserting him," he was often heard to com-
plain. — Milton, hy M. Pattison, ch. 12.
806. CHILDREN, Overgoverument of. John
Howard. [He had nii only son.] He was ex-
9G
CIIILDHKN— ClIIVAUn'
roe(lin.;,'ly fond of liis son, llioiiirh hi- covcnicd
him, us sonio of liis friends thonirlit, a little too
niueh in the; ixitriiireiiid style, deiTiiindinf; from
1dm \\n\ most prompt iind ('xact olxdience, tmd
Hvoidinir, on principle, to i^ive In'm any expla-
mition of the reasons of liis re(|niremenls. He
never .struck the hoy a i)lo\v in his life. The
severest, j)unishment 'he ever inl1ict<Ml was com-
Iielliti!,' hnn to sit still for a certain time without
speakini;, and such was his ascendency over the
<hild, tiiat one of his neiirhliors saidthat if he
should tell t,h(^ hoy to hold his hand in the lire,
lie wotdd do it. He appears to have carrie(' the
imtriarchal principle too far. The hoy olieyed
liis father, hut <lid not confide in liiiii ; respec'ted
Jiis father, ))ut was not very fond of him ; was
proud of his father, hut did" not feel at home in
Ids company. [Set; more at No. 41S, J— Cvc. ok
jiioo., p. 51.
807. CHILDEEN, Protection of. Jinnuin. The
same protection was due to every jx'riod of ex-
istence ; and reason must ai)plau(l tlu; humanity
of Patdus for im])utin!^ tiie crime of murder t!)
the father who stranj^les, or starves, or abandons
his new-horn infai'.t, or e.\i)os(!.s him in a puhlie
place to find the mercy which he himself had
denied. JJut the exi)osilion of children was the
prevailing and stuhliorn vici; of antiipiity ; it was
sometimes prescrihed, often permitted, almost al-
ways practised with impunity, by the nations
who never entertained the Koiiian ideas of pater-
nal powers. — Giuhon'.s Ko.me, cli. 44.
808. CHILDBEN of the State. Spartnn. (Chil-
dren at Sparta were not considerecl as l)elongiiii^
to the individual parents, but to the State. Af-
ter the performance! of ilie first maternal duties,
the youth were educated at the char!j:o of thi!
public ; and every citizen had as much authori-
ty over his neii^hbor's children as" over his own.
Slaves, in the same manner, were, at Sjiarta, a
siiecies of common property ; every man might
make use of his neighbor's slaves, and hunt, as
Xenophon informs us, not only with his neigh-
bor's servants, but with his dogs and horses.
— Tytleu's Hist., Book 1, ch. 9.
809. CHILDaEN to save the State. WuKliinf]-
tmi. [In the ('ark days of the war of the Rev-
olution Washington was returning to his army
aft('r a brief absence.] The population of the
town where he was to spend the night went
out to meet him. A crowd of children, repeat-
ing the acclamations of their elders, gathered
around him, stojijiing his way, all wishing to
touch him and calling him father. Pressing the
hand of [(Count] Dumas [one of his French al-
lies], he said to him : " We may be beaten by tlh'
English in the field ; it is tlielot of arms ; but
see there the; arm that they will never coiuiuer."
— Bancuokt's U. S. , vol." 10, ch. IS.
810. CHILDREN, Surrender of. To Vulrnn. The
liberality of the [Roman] i Mi)eror was accom-
panied, however, with tw( iiarsh and rigorous
conditions, which prudenc night iu.stify on the
side of the Romans, but ihich distress alone
could extort from the indignant Goths. Before
they passed the Danube, they were required to
deliver their arms ; and it was insisted that their
children should he *Jikcn from them, and dis-
persed through the provinces of Asia, where
they might be civilized by the arts of education,
and serve as hostages to secure the fidelity of
their parents.— (fiiuioN's Ko.Mi:, ch. ^(i.
811. CHILDREN surviving. Si in nrf Joli imoii.
MoswKi.i, : •' I hclievc, sir, a irrcit many of the
children born in Loudon die early." JoiiN-
so.\ : " Whv, yes, sir." Hoswkm, ; " Hut those
who do live arc as stout and strong ]>cople as
any; l)r Price says they must be naturally
strong to git through." .Iiui.nson : "That {■^
system, sir. A urcat traveller observes, that it
is saiil there iirc no weak or deformed peo-
l)le among the liuliaiis ; liiil he with much sa.uac-
ity assigns the reason of this, which is, that the
hanlship f)f their life as hunters and tisliers
does not allow weak or diseased children to grow
up. jNow, had I been an. Indian 1 must have
died early ; my eyes would not have si'rved me
to get food, i indeed now could tish. give me
English tackle ; but had I been an Indian I must
have starved, or they would have knocked me
on the head, when Ih'ey saw I could do nothing."
— HoSWKI.I.'s .lollNSON, J). 40.").
812. CHILDREN are Treasures, /'""r }f<iri'.i.
[When the rabble for the second time tired tluv
rectory of Rev. Samuel AVeslev, it was with
ditliculty that the lives of the children were saved,
his .son John barely getting out of the house be-
fore the roof fell.cnishing the chamber where
he had .slept to the ground.] The father ex-
claimed as he received his .son, "Come, neigh-
bors, let us kneel down ; let us give thanks unto
God ; He has given me all my eight children ;
let the hou.se go, I am rich enough." — .Stkvens'
Mktiiouism, vol. 1, p. (iO.
81 Jl. CHILDREN, Unfortunate. TurtnrK.
Then; still remaiiieii a more disgraceful article
of tribute, which violated the sacred feelings of
humanity and nature. The hardslii]is of the
.savage life, which destroy in their infancy the
children wlio are born with a less healthy and
robu.st constitution, introduced a remarkable di.s-
jiroportion between the ntimliers of the two .sex-
es. ... A select band of the fairest maidens
of China were annually devoted to the rude em-
braces of the Huns. — GiunoN's Ro.mk, ch. 26.
814. CHIMERA, Pursuit of. Ixaar ycirfon.
Who would h.'ive thought to tiiid Newton an al-
chemi.st ? It is a fact, that for several years this
great man was intensely occupied in endeavoring
to di.scover a way of changing the baser metals
into gold. This is, perhaps, the reason why he
added little to our knowledge of chemistry,
though he seems to have labored at this science
a lon.ircr time and with more pleasure than at
any other. Being in i)ursuit of a chimera, he
lost his time. There were periods wlien his fur-
nace fires were not allowed to go out for six
weeks, he and his .secretary sitting n]) alternate
nights to reiilenish them. — Cyc lopedia ok
Bior.., p. 25(5.
815. CHI'VALRY, Baseness of. Edward I.
[Edward I.] was challenged to a tournanu-nt by
the Count of Chalons. . . . Edward entered the
lists with a thousand retainers, hoth horsemen
and spearmen. lu the melee many were killed ;
and the English appear to have behaved with
mo.st despicable ferocity. Edward himself, when
he had unhorsed the athletic count, his chal-
lenger, .stood over his suppliant enemy, and be-
labcjred him with a brutality of which an Eng-
f'lTIVALRY— C'lIUIST.
'y,
lisli cosicriuon^cr would now lie asliumcd. Siicli
\Mi.s cliivulry — that coiiipoiiiKl of iTuclly and
^■(•lU'i'osity, of pliysical darini;- and moral coward-
ice, of sensitive lionor and liroken faitii. —
Kmoiit's Kno., vol. 1, ell. :.'0, \>. •,>8'i
Wl«. CHIVALEY, Modern. /A///', »f /,,.iii,f/-
f'lii. .1/". [The Federals surrendered to tlie Con-
federales after a jn'otracted sicL^'. | When Col-
onel Mulliiran snrri'ndered liis sword, (Jeneral
Price asked liini for the scalpl)ard. Miillin'an
icplied that he had thro\vn it away. Tlieireneral,
ui»oii reeeivinj^ his .••word, veturned it to him,
.sayinj; hc^ disliked to see a man of hi.s valor
witiiout a sword. . . . While awailin;^ his e.\-
(•111^^! Colonel ]\Inlliiran and his wife hecame
the irnesls of (General Price, the jretieral surren-
derini,^ to them his carriaj^c. — I'oi, laud's Fiust
Yto.vu ov THK Wak, ch. T), |). 148.
Sir. CHIVALEY, Order of. Kiiif/hts of SI.
Jitliii. The military and rcli^rious order of the
Knij^lits of St. John of Jerusalem was the e.\-
l)irinf^ sii,di of chivalry after the crusadcH. A
triple spirit ut that time animated tlu; European
nobility — the .spirit of faith, tlu; sjjirit of war,
the spirit of adventure. W^hat is called a knight
was horn of these three spirits eond)ined. A
])i<)us heart, a militant arm, a chimerical imag-
ination — those three elements composed the per-
fect Christian knight. Religion, war, glory, were
iiis three souls. — Lamautink's TuitiiKY, p. 847.
81§. CHIVALRY, Patriotic. Ciipt. PaiilJoncx.
lie landed near the casth; of the Earl of Sel-
kirk, intending to take the earl i)risoner, and
keep him as a liostage for the better treatment
of American pri.soners in England, whom the
king alfected to regard as felons, and who were
confined in common jails. The earl was absent
from home. The crew demanded liberty to
l)hmder the castle, in retaliation for the ravages
of British captains on the coast of America.
Captiiin Jones could not deny the justice of their
demand ; yet, abhorring the ])rincii)le of plun-
dering private hou.ses, and esjjecially one inhab-
ited by a lady, he permitted the men to take
the silver plate onlj', forbidding the slightest ap-
proach to violence or disrespect. That silver
])late he him.self bought when the phinder was
sold, and .sent it back totlu? Countess of Selkirk,
with a polite letter of explanation and apology.
The haughty earl refused to receive it ; but
Captain jonea, after a long correspondence, won
his heart, and the silver was replaced in the
ph\te closet of Selkirk Castle eleven years after it
had been taken from it. — Cyci.opeijiaokUioo.,
p. 3;]6.
§19. CHOICE of Both. LyMuuhr. [Ly.sander
having ])een sent an] ambassador to Dionysius,
the tyrant offered liim two vests, that he might
take one of them for his daughter ; upon which
he said his daughter knew better how to choose
than he, and so took them both. — Pi.utaucii's
Lyhandkr.
820. CHOICE manifested. Plzorm. His fol-
lowers ran down to the ship and demanded to
be conveyed to Panama. Pizarro joined them,
gathered them around him, and, drawing a line in
the sand with liis sword, addressed tliem thus ;
" Comrades, on that side," pointing to the .sonth,
" are toil, hunger, nakedness, the drenching
etorm, battle, and death. On this side," point-
ing to the norlh, " are ease and safety. Hut on
that side lies Peru, with its wc/alth. On tiiis
side is Panama and its poverty. Choose, each
man, what best becomes a bra \(^ Caslilian. For
my ])art, 1 go to the south." Having .said tiuse
words, h(^ stei)ped to the southern side of the
line, and there stood, eying the homesick <'rowd.
'i'welve soldiers, one priest, and one nudeteer
joined him. 'I'he i'<'si went on boaid the ship
and returned to J'anama. — Cvci.oI'kdi.v ok
15i(Ki., p. '6'li\.
8'2 1 . CHOICE, Necessary. I n d c p e ii il r >i t ,i.
Self-i)i'eservalion, uniting with amiiition and
wild enthusiasm, urged tlicm to uneom])roniis-
ing hostility with Charles I. He or they must
]>crish. "If my head or the king's must fall,"
argued Cromwell, "can 1 liesitate which t(i
choose V" J}y an act of violence the Indepen-
dents seized on the king, and held him in their
s])ecial custody. " Now," said tlu!e.\Mdling Crom-
well — " now that 1 have the king in my hands,
I hav(! the Parliament in my pocket." — Ban-
cuokt's U. S,, vol. 2, ch. 11.
H"!'!. CHOICE, Painful. I}<'(it/i of Sfniff»r>f.
The l^irliament was iiille.xible ; the ((ueeii wept ;
lOngland was in a ferment. Charles [I.], al-
though ready to yield, still liesitated. 'I'he (^ueen
Henrietta, of France, daughter of Henry IV., a
beautiful and accomplished princess, for whom
until his death the king preserved the tidelityof
a husband and the jiassion of i lover, jiresented
herself before him in mourning, accomi)anied
by lier little children. She besought him on her
knees to yield to the vengeance; of the people,
which lie could not resist without turning upon
the innocent pledges of their love that death
which he was endeavoring vainly to avert from
a condenmed head. " Choose," said she, "be-
tween your own life, mine, these dear children's,
and the life of this minister so hateful to the
nation." (Jharles, struck with horror at the idea
of sacrificing his beloved wife and infant chil-
dren, the hopes of the monarchy, replied that
he cared not for his own life, for he would will-
ingly give it to save his minister ; but to en-
danger Henrietta and her children was beyond
his strength and desire. [He .signed the death-
warrant of his chief minister and faithful friend.]
— Lamaiitink's Ckomwki,!,, p. 12.
82JI. CHRIST caricatured. Martin Luther.
Bitterly did he complain that, from (childhood
on, he had been .so trained that he paled and
trembled at the mere mention of the name of
Christ, whom he had been taught to regard as
a severe and angry judge. — Ukin's Lutukk,
p. 22.
824. CHRIST, Defence of. King of the Franks.
[After his conversion] the mind of Clovis was
susceptible of transient fervor ; he was exasper-
ated by the pathetic tale of the passion and
death of Christ ; and, instead of weighing th(!
salutary consequences of that mj'sterious sacri-
fice, he e.xclaimed, witli indiscreet fury, " Had
I been present at the head of my valiant Franks,
I woidd have revenged His injuries." — Giuuon's
Rome, ch. 37, p. 575.
825. CHRIST, Honors for. I^oof. [Tlie mind
of the Emperor Theodosius was confirmed in or-
thodox doctrine.] lie had lately bestowed on
his eldest son, Areadius, the name and honors of
1
; I
98
CIIRIST—CIIRISTIAN.
hi
III
I'i
Augustus, nnd the two princes were seiiterl on n
Btfttely throne to receive the liomiige of their hu1»-
ject^. A bisliop, Ainphilochius of Iconiuni,
approached the tlirone, and after saluling, with
(hie reverence;, the |)erson of his sovereign, lie
accosted the royal youth with the same familiar
tenderness which he might havi; used toward a
plebeian child. Provokeil hy this insolent be-
havior, the uionarcli gave orders that the rustic
priest should be instantly driven from his pres-
ence. Hut while tin; guards were forcing liim
to th(! door, the dexterous jjolemic had time to
execute his design, by exclaiming, with a loud
voice, ".Such is the treatment, () cmi)cror,
•which the King of heaven has prcjiared for those
imjiiotis men wh(» all'ect to worship the Father,
but refuse to acknowledge tlii! ecpial majesty of
His divine Son !" Theodosiws iminedialely cm-
')raced the IJishop of Iconium, and never forgot
the important lesson vhicli he had received
from this dramatic parable. — GiitiioN's Ho.mk,
ch. 27.
1126. CHRIST, Preaching. ErdKnum. Erasmus
desired to set Christ Himself in the i)lace of the
church, to recall men from the teaching of Chris-
tian theologians to the teaching of the Found-
er of Cliristianity. The whole value of the
gospels to him lay in the vividness with which
they brought home to their readers the iiersonal
imj^rcssion t)f Christ Himself. " Were we to
have seen Him with our own eyes, we should
not have so intimate a knowledge as they give
us of Christ, speaking, healing, dying, rising
again, as it were in our very i)resence." All the
superstitions of media-val worshiii faded away
in the light of this jiersoiial worshi]) of Christ.
"If the footprints of (.lirist are shown us in
any place, we kneel down and adore tlieiii. Why
do Ave not rather venerate the livingand breath-
ing picture of Him in these; books 't \Ve deck
statues of wood and stone with gold and gems
for tlie love of Christ. Yet they only profess to
represent to us the outer form of His body, while
these books present us with a living picture of
His holy mind." In the same way the actual
teaching of Christ was made to supersede the
myster'ous dogmas of the older ecclesia.stical
teaching. " As though Christ taught such sub-
tleties," burst out Erasmus — " .subtleties that <'an
scarcely be understood even ])v afew theologians
— or as though the strength of tlu; Christian relig-
ion consisted in man's ignorance of it ! It may
be the safer cour.se," he goes on, with character-
istic irony, "to conceal the state mysteries of
kings, but Christ desired Ills mysteries to be
spread abroad as openly as was possible." In
the diirusion, in the universal knowleeige of the
teaching of Christ, the foundation of a reformed
Christianity had still, he urged, to be laid. —
Eno. Peoit.e, t^ 518.
827. CHRIST substituted. Pope. In his ad-
dresses to the peoi)le he maintained in plain
speecli : "Christ has laid down His authority
over all Christendom, until the day of judg-
ment, and has intrusted the pope with plenary
power in His stead. The i)ope therefore can
forgive each and every sin, whetlier already
committed or yet to be committed, and that
witliou', sorrow and repentance. Tlie greatest
guilt can be effaced by i)urchasing a jiapal certiti-
cate of forgiveness. No crime, however horri-
ble and inconceivable in reality, is excluded
from this forgiveness. The indidgence cross of
the i)ope is not inferior in saeredness to the cross
of Christ, and iieiice tiie former must be iionor-
ed as highly as the latter."— Hki>-'b Lutukh.
p. 12.
f«2>». CHRIST, Theory of. ^f<lhom('rlt. For Uic
author of Christianily the Alohammedans are
taught by the yiropliet to entertain a higli and
mysterious reverence. "Verily, Chri.st Jesiis,
llu' Son of ^larv, is the apostli! of God, and His
word, which lie conveyi'd uiilo Mary, and a
Si)iril i)rocee(liiig from Him; honorablein this
world and in the world to come ; and one of
those who api)ri)aeh near to the presence of
(Jod." The wonders of the genuine and apocry-
l)lial gcspels are profusely heaped on Ilisjiead;
and the Latin church has not disdained to bor-
row from the Koran the imniiiculate c<)nce])tioii
of His virgin mother. Yet Jesus was a incrc!
mortal ; and at the day of judgment llis testi-
mony will .serve to condemn both the Jews, who
reject Him as a iirojiliet. and the Christians, who
aciore Him as the Son of God. The malice of His
enemies aspersed His reputation and conspired
against His life ; but their intention only was
guilty ; a iihantoni or a criminal was substituted
on the cross, and the innocent .saint was tran.s-
lafed to the seventh heaven. — GiiinoN's Komk,
ch. 50, p. lOH.
829. CHRISTIAN by Bereavement. Ahraliam
Liitrnln. [See No. 8;5(). J " 1 had lived," he con-
tinued, " until my boy Willie died, witliout real-
izing fully tlie.'<e things. That blow overwhelmed
me. It showed nie my weakness as I had never
felt it before ; and if I can take whiit you liave
stated as a tint, I think I can safely say that I
know something of that clinufie of which you
speak ; and I will further add, that it has been
my intention for .some time, at a suitable oppor-
tunity, to make a iiublic religious profession !"
— Havmond's 1.in( oi.n, p. 782.
iJlO. CHRISTIAN, Experience of a. Ahrnham
Lincoln. [A lady interested in the work of the
Christian Commission had several interviews
with tlie President. On one occasion he said to
her :] " 3Irs. , I have formed a very liigh
opinion of your Christian character; and now,
as we are alone, I have a mind to ask you to give
me, in brief, your ideaof what constitutes a true
religious experience." The lady replied at .some
length, slating that, in her judgment, it consisted
of a conviction of one's sinfulness and weakness
and personal need of the Saviour for strength and
siip]iort ; that views of mere doctrine might and
would differ, but when one was ri'ally brought
to feel his need of diviiu! lielp and to .seek the
aid of the Holy Si)irit for strength and guid-
ance, it was .satisfactory evidence of his being
born again .... AVlien .she had concluded Mr.
rjncoln was very thoughtful for a few moments.
He at length .said, very earnestly : " If what you
have told me is really a correct view of this great
subject, I think I can .say, with sincerity, that I
hope I am a Christian."— Rav.mond's Lincoln.
8.31. CHRISTIAN, Spirit of the. Crai.iirell.
[Cromwell's last prayer.] Lord, tliough I am a
miserable and wretched creature, I am in cove-
nant witli Thee, through grace. And I may, I
will, come to Thee, for tliy people. Thou hast
made me, though very unworthy, a mean instni-
(ilHISTIANITY
99
mont to do them Honu' pood, ivnd Tlico scrvici? ;
nrid many Imvc set too liijrli u value iipon inc,
though others wish and wonhl he glad of my
death. I.ord, however Thou do dispose of me,
eontiniie ai\d go on to do good for them. (Jive
them consistency of judgment, one heart and
mutual love ; goon to deliver lliein and the work
of reformation; and make the name of Christ glo-
rious ill the world. Teach Ihnse who look too
much on thy insti'uments to depend more upon
thyself. I'ardon sueii as desire to trample upon
the dust of a ])oor worm, for Ihev are thy ])eople
too. And pardon the folly of this short jirayer —
even for.lesus Christ's sake. And give us a good
night, if it be thy pleasure. Amen. — K.niiiut's
Eno., vol. 4, ch. i:{, i>. 2l'>.
83a. CHRISTIANITY, An absurd. A/'i/.isi,i/<ni.
Its ruling characteristics are intolerance and for-
mality. The number of regular fast -days is two
hundred and sixty in each year, and a regular
fast implies id)stinence from drinking as well as
eating. Heside.s these (he Church decrees e.\-
traonlinary fasts from time to time. Should an
Abvssinian be known to neglect these fasts, his
body would be refu.sed .se))ullure. On the other
hand, there are ,. I)undiuice of feasts in the Church
lioliday.s and saints' days, and travellers relalfi
that the Abvssinian divines are at least as scru-
pulous in the ol)servance of these as the fasts.
Nights are spent in alternate prayer, dancing,
an(l drinking, and the sacrament is administered
before sunrise. It is reported that it has hap-
pen(!d that when the sun rose none of the di-
vines present were in a condition to officiat(! ;
but it was well understood that such accidents
were the fruit of excessive religious fervor. —
ApP. CyC, " AUYSSINI.VX (,'iniKir. "
§33. CHEISTIANITY, Advancement of. Pri-
mnry Caune. Our curiosity is naturally pronii)led
to inquire by what means the Chri.slian faith
obtained so remarkable a victory over the estab-
lished religions of the earth. To this in((uiry
an obvious but satisfactory answer may be re-
turned — that it was owing to tlu; convincing
evidence of the doctrine it.self, and to the rul-
ing providence of its great Author. — Gimiox's
Home, cb. 15.
834. . St'cottihin/ Citus<^s>. What
were the secondary causes of the rai)id growth
of tb6 Christian church V It will, perliaps, ap-
pear, that it was most elTectually favored and
assisted by the tive following causes : I. The
infiexible, and, if we may use the cxiiression,
the intolerant zeal of the Christians, derived, it
is true, from the Jewish n'ligion, but piu-ified
from the narrow and unsocial spirit, which, in-
stead of inviting, had deterred the (ientiles from
embracing the law of Moses. II. The doctrine
of a future life, improved by every additional
circumstance which could give weight and effl-
cacy to that important truth. III. The miracu-
lous [lowers ascril)ed to the primitive church.
IV. The inu-e and austere morals of the Chris-
tians. V. The union and discipline of the Chris-
tian republic, which gradually formed an in-
dependent and increastng state in the heart of
the Roman Emi)ire. — GiimoN'.s Home, ch. 15.
835. CHRISTIANITY, Civilization by. Cnulty.
The first Christian emperor may claim the hon-
or of the first edict which condemned the art
and amusement of shedding human blood ; but
this benevolent law exi)rcs.sed the w ishcs of tlio
j)rince, without reforming an inveterate abu.se,
which degraded a civilized nation below Iho
condition of savage cannibals. Several hundred,
perhaps several tliousand, victims were annually
slaughtered in the great cities of the eiupire, an(l
the month of I)ecemlper, more peculiarly (h'voted
to th(! combats of gladiators, still cxhiliited to
the eyes of the Hoinan ]ieople a gratcfid spe<'ta-
clc of blood and cruelty. Amid the general
joy of the victory of I'ollentia. a Christian |)oet
exhorted the emperor to exiirpate, by his author-
ity, the horrid custom whicli had so long re-
sisted the voice of humanity and religion. The
pathetic reprcsentalions of IVudentius were less
cITectual than the generous boldness of Telema-
chus, an Asiatic monk, whose death was more
useful to mankind than bis lif<'. The iiomans
were ])ro\-oked by the interrtiption of their
])leasures ; and the rash monk, who had descend-
ed into the arena to sejiarate tlu^ gladiators, was
overwhelmed luider a shower of stones. Hut
the madness of the pe()])l(! soon subsided ; they
respecti'd the memory of Telemachus, who had
deserved the boiM)rs of martyrdom, and they
submitted, without a nuirmiu', to the laws of
llonorius, which al)olished forever the human
.sacritices of the amphitheatre. — (JiitnoNs Uo.me,
vol. 8. ch. m.
83tt, . /iiirhiiriiiiix. l»efore the age
of Charlemagne- the Christian nations of Eu-
rope might exult in the exclusive jiossession of
the tem])erate climates, of th(! fertile lands,
which produced corn, wine, and oil ; while tho
savage idolaters and their hel|)less idols were
confined to the extremities of the earth, the dark
and frozen regions of the Jsorth. Christian-
ity, which o])cned the gates of heaven to tho
barbarians, introduced an im])ortanl change in
their moral and political condition. They re-
ceived, at the same tinu', the u.se of letters, so
essential to a religion whose doctrines are con-
tained in a sacred book ; and while they studied
the divine truth, their minds were insensibly
eidarged by the distant view of history, of nature,
of the arts, and of society. — Ginijox's IJomk. vol.
a, ch. ;5T.
837. . JidrfittriidiM. The admission
of the barbarians into the pale of civil and ec-
clesiastical society delivered Eur()]K! from tho
depredations, by .sea and land, of the Normans,
the IIung;u'ians. and the Ku.ssians, who learned
to sjiare their brethren and cultivate their iios-
sessions. The establishment of law and order
was promoted by the influence of the clergy, and
the rudiments of art and science wire introduced
into tlu> savage countries of the globe. — Gin-
uon's lioMK, ch. 5.").
838. CHRISTIANITY commended. Wm-t/i. If
W(! consider the purity of the Christian religion,
the .sanctity of its moral precepts, and the in-
nocent as well as the austere lives of the greater
number of those who during the first ages em-
braced tlie faith of the gospel, we sliould natu-
rally suppose that so benevolent a doctrine
would have been received with due reverence,
even by the unbelieving world. — Gibijon's
Rome, ch. 16.
839. CHEISTIANITY compromised. CmMan-
tine. The awful mj-sterics of th(! Christian faith
and worship were concealed from the eyes of
luu
CIIinsTIANITV
III riivor (if nil Iiii|ii'riiil
so ini|Mirt!iiil to iilliiri'.
scciisidii, into llic pule (i
stiuitiiic WHS ]ifrniill(Ml,
pfranijcrs, niid even of (■iilcclminciis. -.villi mi iil'
ffclcd secrecy, wliicli served to excite llieir wmi
derniKl curiosity. IJiit t lie severe rules of di^
cii)liiie which the iinideiice of the liishops hnii
ilisliluted were reliixed hy the s.illie |inideMce
proselyte, whom it was
by every irelillc coride-
the Church ; mid Cou-
nt leiist hy II tiicit dis-
IX'iisiition, to eujoy iiioul of the privileL'es hefore
he liiid coiitnicted ('//// of the ohlii;iilioiis of a
Cliristiau. — (iiiiiioN's {{omi;, eh, ;.'(l.
WIO. CHRISTIANITY discarded, rr<ii,<r. ad.
ITifl. At this lime it can hardly lie s.dil tiiat
there was any re]i;,doii in France. Christimiily
liiid hecii idmost luiiversally discarded. 'I'lie
priests had liecn hauished ; the churclies deinol-
ished or converted into tem])les of .science or
liauiits of amusement. The; immortality of the
soul was denied, and upon the frateways of the
^'ravcyards was inserihed, " Death is an eternal
sleei) !" — Aiuiott's .Nai'okkon W., vol. 1, eh. ;J.
S4I. CH:RISTIANITY and Discovery. Cdnm-
him. As the conversion of the; heathens was
l)rofessed to lie the .ijrand object of tlie.s(! dis-
coveries, tv('l\(! zealous and iihh- eitclesiastics
wen; chosen for the iniriio.se, to aecomiiany the
expedition. . . . J}y way, it was .said, of olTer-
iiii; to Heaven tlu; tirst-fruits of these jiaj^an na-
tions, the .si.x Indian.s whom Columliu.s had
lirouirlit to Harcelona w(!n! baptized with great
state and ceremony, the king, the ((ueen, and
Prince Juan ofllciatini;; as sponsors. Great hopes
were entertained that, on their return to their
native country, they would facilitate the intro-
duction of ('hristianifynnioni>- their countrymen.
— Ihving's Coi,umjuis, IJook 5, cb. 8.
§42. CHRISTIANITY, Diversity in. Nothiidl
In the ])rofe.ssion of (,'hristianity th<! variety of
national charactt^rs intiy be clearly distinijuished.
The natives of Syria and Egypt abandc^ned
their lives to lazy and contonii)l"ative devotion ;
Home again asjiired to the dominion of the
world ; and the wit of the lively and Icxpiacious
Greeks was consumed in the disputes of meta-
• i)hysiea] theolo/yy. The incomprehensible mys-
tcu-ies of the Trinity and Incarnation, instead of
i'ommanding their silent submission, were agi-
tated in vehement and subtle controversies,
which enlarged their faith at the expense, per-
hajis, of their charity and reason. — Giiihon's
KoMK, ch. 'A.
§4!J. CHRISTIANITY indestructible. Ihi P>r-
irrn(ii)ii. The resentment, or the fears, of Dio-
cletian transported him beyond the bounds of
flioderation, which he had hitherto jjre.served,
4iid he declared, in a series of cruel edicts. Lis in-
tention of abolishing the Christian name. By
fhe first of these edicts the governors of the prov-
inces were directed to api)rehend all persons of
the ecclesiastical order ; and the i)risons, destined
for tlie vilest criminals, were soon tilled with a
multitude of bi.shops, presbyters, deacons, read-
.^rs, and cxorci.sta. By a second edict the mag-
latrates were commanded to employ every metli-
od of severity which might reclaim them from
tlicir odious superstition and oblige them to re-
turn to the established worship of gods. This
rigorous order was extended, by a subsequent
edict, to the whole body of Christians, who were
exposed 1(111 violent and general persecution. —
(iiiwio.v's |{()M|.;, ch. Hi.
Ml. CHRISTIANITY misunderstood, (uhhon.
(Ijl.l siiccomil of Die early Christians is vitia-
ted liv his narrow mid disloried conception of the
ciiioiioiial side of nian's niiliire. Having no
s]iiriliiiil aspirations himself, he could not api)re-
( iaie or iiiKieisl.ind them in others. Those emo-
tions which liiive for their object the unseen
world and its centre, God, hud no meaning for
him ; and he wastemiited to explain them awa^v
when he came across tliem, or to ascribe their ori-
gin and elfects to other instincts which were
more intelligible to him. The wonderland which
the mystic inliiibil". was closed to him ; he remain-
ed outside of it, and reproduced in sarcastic trav-
esty the reports he heard of its marvels. — .MoK-
kison's (liniio.N, ch. T.
Sl.'i. CHRISTIANITY, Muscular. Siilfm
\\'ili-h(n. A.n. lt!!)2. Edward Bishop, a farmer,
cured the Indian servant of a tit by Hogging him ;
he declared, moreover, his belief that lie could, in
like manner, cure the whole comi)any of the af-
flicted : and for his .scei)ticism found him.self and
his wife in pri.son. — Bancuokt's U. S., vol. y,
cli. 1!>.
1«*.|«. CHRISTIANITY, Offence of. Amiiscmoiln.
The j)uliiic games and festivals. On tho.se occa-
sions the inhabitants of the great cities of the
em]iire were collected in the circus or tlu? theatre,
where every circumstan( c of the phuc, as well as
of the ceremony, coniributed to kindle their de-
votion and to extinguish their humanity. While
the numerous spectators, crowned with garlands,
perfumed with incense, puritied with the blood of
victims, and surrounded with the altars and stat-
ues of their tutelar deiti(!s, resigned themselves to
the enjoyment of ])leasures which they consider-
ed as an'es,sential ])art of their religious worship,
they recollected that the Christians alone abhor-
red the gods of mankind, and by their absence
and melancholy on these solenui festivals seem-
ed to ins\dt or to lament the imblic felicity. —
Gibhon's Ho.mk, ch. 10.
847. CHRISTIANITY, Qualified Faith in. Port
S/iclli'j/. licigh Hunt gives a just notion of bin
relation to Christianity, pointing out that be drew
a distinction between the Pauline presentation
of the Christian creeds and thesi)iritof the gos-
pels. " His want of faith in the letter, and hi.'*,
exceeding faitb in the spirit of Cbri.stianity,
formed a ccmiment, the one; on the other, very
formidable to those who chose to forget what
Scrii)ture itself observes on that point." Via
have only to read " Essays on Christianity," in or-
der to jierceive what reverent admiration he felt
for .lesus, and how profoundly he understood
the true character of His teaching. — Symonus'
Sheli-ky, cb. 5.
84§. CHRISTIANITY, Success of. World-mdr.
[During the decay of the Roman Emjnre] a pure
and Inunblt! religion gently insinuated itself into
the minds of men, grew up in silence and obscu-
rity, derived new vigor from opposition, and
finallj' erected the tri>imi)bant banner of the cro.ss
on the ruins of the Capitol. Nor was the influ-
ence of Christianity confined to the period or to
the limits of the Roman Empire. After a revolu-
tion of thirteen or fourteen centuries, tbat relig-
ion is still professed by tbe nations of Europe.
ciiiusTiANs— cnriicii.
101
the most (listiTiuuisluMl iinrlion of lumiiin kiml in
arts mill ll'llrllin;,^ as well as in arms. !Jy llic in-
dustry and /.cal of tlic Europeans it lias liccn
widely dilTused to the most distant slior.sof Asia
and Africa ; and liy the means of their colonies
has liecii lirmly eslahlished from Canada to
Chili, ill a world unknown to the aiiciiiils. — (liii-
iio.Ns l{i).\ii:, eh. 1.").
N ll>. CHRISTIANS, Uncompromising. A/'V
<iti'!l. I'unishnienl was not the iiicvilal>ii' coiivc.
((Ueiice of conviction, and tiie Christians. wlio>-e
gidlt was till! most clearly proved by the testi-
mony of witnesses, or e\-eii liy their vohinlary
(onfessioii, still retained in their own power tlie
alternative of life or death. It. was not so mncli
the jiast oifcnco as the actual resist.ancc which
excited tin- indiirnation of the mafiistrate. He
•was persuaded that he ofTcred them an easy ]>ar-
don, since, if they consented to cast a few ;,''raiiis
of incenso upon the altar, they were dismissed
from the tribunal in safety and with apiilausc. —
Gii> on'h lioMK, ch. Hi.
850. CHEI8TMA8, Celebration of. Hi r, In/ in
Fninri' mid Itiihf. Amon^ the revels of the
Christma.s si^a.soii were the .so-called feasts of
fools and of u.sses, ;;role.s(iue .saturnalia, which
were sometimes termed " l)ec;'mber liberties,"
in which everything; serious was burlesqued, in-
feriors per.somtied their .superiors, ^ncat men be-
coming frolicsome, and which illiistnite the
pronene.ss of man to occasionally reverse the or-
der of .society and ridicuk; its decencies. — Ae-
TLKTON'M A.M. {!VC., " ('IIIIISTM.VS."
SSI. CHEISTMA3 changed. Puritinix. Christ-
inas had been from time immeniorial the .season
of joy and domestic aifeetion, the season when
families as.sembled, when children came home
fromscliool, when (piurrels were madeu|), when
carols were lieard in every street, when every
iiouse was decorated with evcrirreeiis. and every
table was loaded witli good cheer. At that .sea-
son all hearts not utterly destitute of kindness
wc^re enlarged and softened. At that season the
j)oor were admitted to jiartake lar!j:ely of the
overflowings of the wealth of the ricli, whose
liounty was peculiarly acceptable on accoiuit of
the shortness of the days and of the .severity of
the weather. At that sea.sou the interval" be-
tween landlord and tenant, master and servant.
was les.s marked tlian through the rest of the
year. Where there i.s much cn.joyment there
"will be some excess ; yet, on the wh()le, thes])irit
in which tlie holiday was ke])t was not unworthy
of a Chri.stiiin festival. The Long Parliament
gave orders, in 1644, that the S.'Jth of Decem-
ber should be strictly ob.served as a fast, and
that all men should pass it in humbly bemoan-
ing the great national .sin which they and their
fath(!rs had so often committed on that day by
romping under the mistletoe, eating boar's head,
and drinking ale flavored with roasted apples.
No public act of that time seems to have irri-
tated the common people more. — ^M.vcailay's
Eno., ch. 2.
§52. CHURCH, Attendance at. Compvhory.
[In 1581 Parliament pas.sed an enactment by
which those who said mass or attended mass, or
did not attend church, were subject to heavy
penalties.] — Knight's Eno., vol. 3, ch. 12.
§53. . Puntam. [In 16r)3 the
Puritans punished non-attendants at cliurch.]
" Catlierine Martlett, widow, upon iicr own con-
fession, (lid absent liers<lf fioiii church the last
Lords day, contrary to the law, in theinorning.
W'.'is ordered to jiav 2.v. tW/. . and in default of
paying was ordered to beset in the slocks, ' So
says an old record. The i.iw proiiibiieil " sweet-
hearts "from wall Mig abroad in seriiion lime.
— Kmoiit'h Kn(i., vol. 4, ch. 11.
«5I, CHURCH, Befriended. MIliS St,niili>,h.
The colony . . . assumed a military oigani/.a-
lioii ; and Standisli, a man of the greatest ciair-
age, the de\()led friend of the church, which lie
never .joined, was appointed to the cliii'l com-
mand. — l{.\.N(HoKT's r. S., vol. 1, ch. H.
«55. CHURCH, Bloody. I/ii;/iinii>l.s in Fforiila.
The Spanish were masters of the port. A scene
of carnage ensued ; soldiers, women, children,
the aged, the sick, were alike mas.sacred. . . .
.\fter tlie carnage! was completed mass was said,
acro.ss was raised, and the site for a church select-
ed, on ground still si.,oking with the blood of ii
lieaceful colony. . . . So easv can fanaticisiu
connect acts of savag(; firocity with the rites
of 11 merciful religion. ... |in all i)()0 were
killed.] — U.v.nckokt's Hist, ui'' U. S., vol. ],
ch. 2.
W.'SO. CHURCH, Caste in the. Aamn Hnvr. The
clergyman tiieii urged iiim again to reiM'iitance ;
advised him to return, like ihe i)rodigal son, to
attend church and devote his futun; life to good
works. Colonel Ilurr interruiited his visitor, and
said : " You don't seem to know how I am
viewed b}' the religious public, or by those who
resort to your churches. Where is there a man
among all such whom I would hi; willing to
meet, and who would welcome me into his jiew ?
Of your own congregation, would , or ,
or give me a .seat? These are our merchant
]>rinces — men who give tone to Wall Sti^eet, and
fix the standard of mercantile morals in ourcitj'.
Would they make Aaron liurr a welc<)nie visitor
to ycair church ? Hatlier, indeed, I may ask,
would you yourself do so ? How would you feel
walking up the aisle with me, and o])cniiig your
pew door for my entrance ?" Dr. Matthews re-
]ilied that such an event would give him .<;real
pleasure. " Then," said Burr, "you would in-
dulge your feelings of kindness at the exix'nsc;
of your usefulness as the nunister of your con-
gregation." — Cvci.orEm.v ov IJioci., p. ll'J.
N57. CHURCH conservative. Joiuch IL The
Church of England was, in his view, a passive
victim, which he might, without danger, outrage
and torture at his pleasure ; nor did lu; ever see
his error till the universities were preparing to
coin their i)late for the purpose of supplying the
military chest of his enennes, and till a bishop,
long renowned for loyalty, had thrown aside his
cassock, girt on a sword, and taken the com-
mand of a regiment of insurgents. — Macaulay's
Eno., ch. 6.
§5S. CHURCH corrupted. Pronpfriti/ . When a
sect becomes jjowerf ul, when its favor is the road
to riches and dignities, worldly and ambitious
men crowd into it, talk its language, conform
strictly to its ritual, mimic its peculiarities, and
frequently go beyond its honest members in all
the outward indications of zeal. No discernment,
no watchfulness on the part of ecclesiastical
rulers, can prevent the intrusion of s.'ch falso
n
\0\
(■mi{(i[.
Iirciliicti. The liircM niid flic wlirnt iinist trrow
topllicr. Soon ilic wnrld liciriiiH lotliid nut tliiit
tlic piiily lire not licdcr lliaii (illicr men, iind
ar^nics, wiili some justice, tliiit, if iiui liciii r, tiicy
rmiMt lie iimcii worse. In no |()ii;f titiie all lliose
(iiirr.s wliieli weri' roniierly reyiii'ded as elianie-
J4'risiie of a sniiil are reLninled as eliaraeleristie
/if a knave, — Macaii.ay'h IOmi., cli, '_'.
W5». CHURCH, A costly. SI. S././i/.i. Tlie
dome of St. Sophia, iiltiniinaled liy foiirand-
twenty windows, is formed with so small ii
curve, that the depth is c(|ind only to one sixth
of its diameter ; th'- measure of that diameter is
^m^' hiindnd and tlfteen feel, and the lofty
i'cntrc, \vhei'(^ a crescent has sii|)planted the
cross, rises to the perpendicular heii^ht of on(^
hundred and eighty feet, ahove the imvemeiit.
The circle which cncompas.ses the dome li!,ditly
ri,'|ioses on four stron;; arches, and their weiirht
is flrndy supported hy four massy ])iles, whose
strength is assisted, on the northern and southern
sides, by four columns of Kiryplian ;i;ninit(-. . . .
The solid piles whi(^h contained the cupola were
(•omi)osed of huii:<! blocks of freestone, hewn
into scpiares and triaii.irles, forlilied by circles of
iron, and tirndy cemented by the iid'usion of lead
and (|uicklime ; b\il tlu^ weight of the cupola
Ava.s diminished by the levity of its substance,
which consists either of i)uiiiice-stonc that
lloats in the water or of bricks from the Isle of
Rhodes, live limes less ponderous than the ordi-
nary stone. This triumph of Christ was adorned
•with the last spoils of ])ai;anism, but tlu^ fiH'ater
jtart of these costly stones was extracted from
the (juarries of Asia Minor, the isles and conti-
nents of (treeee, E.ii;yi)t, Africa, and Gaul. Eij^ht
column-^ of ])ori)hyry, which Aurclian had
]ilHced ii. ihcMcmple of the sun, were olTcred by
the piety of u Uoman matron ; eij;ht others of
frreen niarble were jiresented by the ambitious
zeal of tlu! ma.irist rates of Ephesus ; both are ad-
7nirable by their size and beauty, but every order
of iirchileclure disclaims their fantastic capitals.
A variety of ornaments and rtiiures was curious-
ly expressed in mosaic, and the ima.ii^es of
Christ, of the Virgin, of saints, and of !inp:els,
which liuve been defaced by Turkish fanaticism,
were daii.ircrously exposed to the su]ierstition of
the Greeks. Accordinj; to the sanctity of each
object, the jirecious metals were distributed in
thin leaves or in solid mas.ses. The balustrade
of the choir, the cai>itals of the pillars, the orna-
ments of the doors antl iralleries were of fjilt
bronze ; the spectator was dazzled by the jrlitter-
injl as]iect of the cui)olu ; the sanctuary con-
tained forty thousand pound weiii:ht of silver,
and the lioly vases and vestments of the altar
Avere of the purest jrold, enriched with ines-
timable L'^enis. Before the structure of the
churih had arisen two cubits above the tfi'ound
.£45,200 were already consumed ; and tlie whole
expense amounted to .£;520.000 ; each reader,
accordinixto the measure of his belief, may esti-
mate their value either in/i'old or silver ; but the
sum of .£1,000,000 sterlinir is the result of the
lowest conijmtation. A ma.irniticent temple is a
laudable monument of national taste and reli.u-
ion ; and the enthusiast who entered the dome
of St. Sophia might be tempted to suppose that
it was the residence, or even the workmanship,
of the Deitv, Yet how dull is the artifice, how
Insijrnillcant is the labor, if it be eompiired with
the formation of the vilest insect thatiTiiwlH up-
on the surface of the temple ! [i^irn No. SOa.]—
GimioN'rt Komi;, ch. 40,
««M). CHURCH de«eoration. /A'/w/i. fin l«4ft
Cromwell used St, I'aul's, in Loml to stiibh!
his cavalrv. An Italian jtassinj,' the Knmd old
(}olhie cnihedral, and seeing it full of horses,
tau"le<l Knuiishnieii with the remark,) Now I
|)erc( ive that in Kmjland men and beasts .servi!
<;od alike.— Kmoiith Eno., vol. 4, ch. H, p.
IIM.
nat. CHURCH, Destruction of the. Jiimrii II.
.lames did not even make any secret of his in-
tention to exert vigorously an<l systematically
for the destruction of the Established (-'hurcli
all the [lowers which he possessed us her head. . . .
lie was authorized by law to repress spiritual
abuses; and the lirst spiritual abuse which lie
would rejiress shoidtl be the liberty which tho
AntrlicHU clergy assumed of defending their own
religion and of attacking the doctrines of Home.
— Macai lay's Eno., ch. ti.
SOa. CHURCH, Devotion to the. Lni/mm.
[When in 17(iK Tlunnas Taylor wrote Wesley
to .send an able and experienced preiicher to euro
for the handful of Melhodi.sts in New York, ho
said.] With resjieci to the money for the payment
of the jireacher's jiassage over, if they cannot
jirocure it we will sell ourcoats and shirts to jm)-
cure it for them. — Stkvkns' M. E. Ciancii,
ch. 1, p. H2.
««3. CHURCH erection. EnihuHidMir. This
minister [Alypius], to whom Julian communi-
cated, withoiit reserve, his mo.st cureless levities
and his most serious counsels, received an ex-
traordinary commission to restore, in its pristine
beauty, the tem]ile of Jerusalem; and the dili-
gence of Alyi)i\is re(|uired und obluined the
stremious support of the CJovernor of Pulestine.
At the call of their great deliverer, the Jews,
from all the jirovinces of the i'mjiire, assembled
(m the holy mountain of their fathers ; and their
insolent triumph alarmed and exasperated the
Christian inhabitants of Jerusalem. The desire
of rebuilding the temjile has in every age been
the ruling pas,sion of the children of Israel. In
this i)roi)iti()us moment the men forgot their
avarice, and the women their delicacy ; spade.s
and ]iickaxes of silver were ])rovided by the
vainly of the rich, and the nd)bi.sh was tran.s-
ported in mantles of silk and purple. Every
])ur,se was opened in liberal contributions, every
hand claimed a ,share in the ])i()us labor, and
the commands of a great monarch were executed
by the enthiisia,sm of u whole [leople. — Gibbon's
KoMK, ch. 23.
§6'1. . llortirdcd. [Mahomet, ar-
riving in Ynfhreb,] gave orders to build a
mo.sque on the s])()t where he had set foot upon
tlie ground, with a house for him and for his
family. He worked at it with his own hands,
as,siste(l by the citizens of Yathreb. " Whoever
works upon this edifice," said he to them, ' ' builds
for eternal life." — Lamautink's Tuiikey, p. 103.
§65. . St. Sophia. The principal
church, which was dedicated by the founder of
Constantinople to St. Sophia, or the eternal wis-
dom, bad been twice destroyed by fire ; after
the exile of John Chrysostom, and during tho
niriK'ii.
103
j\V//t (if tlic liliic ami i;n'('M fiictions. N'omooiut
<liil till' tiiiiiiill snliHidc, lliHii tlic (lirlNtiaii puiiu
liico (Ii'itiorcd tlicii- siicrilfiridiiH nislmcs.s , liiit
tiicy iiii^iil hikvc I'rjoiccd in the caluinily, liad
tliry forcHccn tin; jrlory *>( tin' new Icinpic,
^vlll(•ll at III!' end i)f I'nrty dayn wan slrciiiioiiHly
tiiidi'i'laki'ii liyliii' piety of .liistiiiiaii. Tiic niiiH
wiTc cleared awav, a iiKire spaeiniiH plan was
dcHcrilied, and, as ii retpiiied the consent of some
])i°oprieloi's of ground, tlicy olilained llie most
exorliitant Icrnis from the eai,'er desires and
timorous conscience of the monarch. Anlhe-
mius formed the desi<r|i, mid ids pnius direcled
t\n' hands of ten tlio\isand workmen, whose
naynienl in iiieces of line silver was never de-
layed heyond the evellin;,^ 'I'he emperor him-
wlf, clad in a linen limic, surveyed each day
their rajiid nroj^n'css, and emourap'd their dill-
jjenco Ity his familiarity, his zeal, and his re-
wards. [Hue No. nriU.J — OlHIMtNH UoMK, ch. 40.
N06, . Viiitili/ ill. The new Ci.-
tlu'dral of St. Sophia was co- "crated liy the
patriarch, (iv(! years, eleven ...onths, and ten
(lays fromtla; first foundation ; and in the nddsl
of the solemn festival .Justinian e.\claimed, with
d(iV()ut vanity, " <}lory Ik! to (Jod, who hath
Ihcu^^ht mo worthy to aceomi)llsh so j^reat a
work ; I liavo van(|uished thee, <) Solomon !"
Hut the pride of the Honnui Solomon, hcfon;
twenty years liad elapsed, was luMnbled liy an
cartlKpiake, which overthrew lla^ eastern part
of the dome. — (jJihhon's Homk, ch. 40.
§67, CHUBCH, Episoopaoy of the. Aiif/!ir<ni.
The founders of the Anglican Church had re-
tained episeo|)acy as an uncieni, a decent, and a
convenient ecclesiastical polity, hut had not de-
J'liired that form of church frovcrnment a divine
institution. We have already seen how low an
estimate Cranmer had formed of the otllce of
Inshop. In the rei^ni of Kli/abeth, Jewel,
<;o()per, Whitf^ift, and other eminent doctors
defended prelacy as Innocent, as useful, as what
the State mifjht lawfully establish, as what, when
established by the Slate, was entitled to the re-
spect of every citizen. ]}ut they never denied
that a Christian comnuinlty without a bishoi)
might be a pure church. ()n the contrary, they
ref^arded the Protestants of the Continent as of
the same hon.sehold of faith with themselves. —
Macaulay's EN(i., ch. 1.
§6S. CHURCH exaction. Dms. The payment
of dues to the church was enjoined with a
severity almost beyond belief. . . . A(hiy was ap-
pointed for a man to j)ay his tithes ; and if they
were not 1)!M(1 he was to forfeit nine tenths of
liistithable property, [a.d. 'J.^iH-SiTr).] — Knkiut'b
ExG., vol. l,ch. li), p. 146.
§69. CHURCH, False Head of the. .hiiiHH TT.
What remained, however, after all this curtail-
ment, might well luive raised scrujiles in the
mind of a man who sincerely believed the Church
of England to be a heretical society, within the
pale of wliich salvation was not to be found.
The king made an oblation on the altar. He
appeared to join in the petitions of the Litany
which was chanted by the bishops. He received
from those false prophets the unction typical of
a divine influence, and knelt with the semblance
of devotion while they called down upon him
Ihat Holy Spirit of which they were, in his esti-
mation, the midignant and obdurate foes. — Ma-
( Ai i.vv's Kno., ( h. 4.
§rO. CHURCH, Love of the. Tnrt.„. fUei^n
of Charles II. | There was one insiitution, ami
one oidy, which Ihey prized even more than
heredilary monarchy, and Ihat instiluiion wad
the Church of 1'lni.dand. Their lov(' of tho
church was nol. indeed, the etfeet of slinly or
medilalion. Few among them could have given
any reason, drawn from Scriiilure or ccch.'sias-
lical history, for adhering to her doctrines, iter
ritual, and her polity : nor weic Ihey, asacla.ss,
by any means slrict observers of that co(l(! of
morality which is common to all Christian sects,
lint the experience of many ages proves tiiat
men may be ready to light to the death, and
to persecute without pity, for a religion who.so
creed they do not understand. lUid whos(! pre-
cejils Ihey habitually disobey. — Macallay's
E.Nd., ch.'il.
§71, CHURCH, Meditationi after. Jnhn Mtdi.
.John Fitch //'/(/ ncirr xcin lu/r /iiuiil of a hUhih-
t'lKjiiif ! As he was limping iiome from church
OIK! day in April, XIKt (Ids rheumatism, caught
among the Indians, giving idm many a twinge),
a neighbor dr()V(! rapidly by in a chius(! drawn
by a p(jw('rful horse. He had freiniently ob-
served and rellected upon the Irememlous power
of .steam, and now the thought Hashed upon bin
mind, Could not the e.\])ansive [lower of steant
be made to propel a carriage ? For a week tho
idea haunted him day and idght. He then con-
eluded that such a force could be applied moni
conveinentlv to a vessel than to a carriag(! ; anil
from Ihat lio\ir, to the end of his days, .John
Filch thought of liltle else tliim how to carry
out his daring conci'iition. — Cvci.oi'kdi.v oB"
Uiod., J). ir>().
§72. CHURCH, Neglect of. Uiproof. [I{(!V. Wil-
liam Grimshaw, an early lOnglish Methodist, of
eccentric nuimier,] frei|uenlly would jireach be-
fore the doors of such as neglected the parisli
worship. " If you will not come to hear me at
the church," ho would say on these occasions,
"you shall hear me at home; if you perish,
vou .shall ix'rifh with the sound of the Gospel
in your ears." — Stkvkns' Mkthouii<m, vol. 1,
p. 2r)9.
§73. CHURCH, Non-attendance at. Vine. [In
I.'mU an Act was passed which rendered] all ])er-
sonsv.-ho should absent themselves from church
on Sundays and holidays liable to a fine of one
.shilling. — Knioht's E.no., vol. 3, ch. H, p. 114.
§71. CHURCH purified. Pn-Keniiion. The gen-
eral fat(! of sects is to obtiun a high reputation
for saiu'tity while they are ()iipres.sed, and to lo.so
it as soon as they become jiowerful ; and the rea-
.son is obvious. It is seldom that a man enrolls
liim.self in a pro.scribed body from any but con-
scientious motives. Such a body, therefore, is
composed, withscarcely an excei)tion, of sincere
persons. The most rigid discipline that can bo
enforced within a religious society is a very fee-
ble in.strument of puritication when compared
with a little sharp persecution without. — IVIa-
caii.ay'b Eno., ch. 2.
§75. CHURCH, Quarrel in the. Rv. Robert
Newton. He was driven away at last by a quar-
rel with his barbarous parishioners, the cause of
which did him credit. A tire broke out at 01-
/()4
(III K( II
ncy, mill hiiriit ll^r()(l(l ninny nfiiH Mfniwtliiitclii'd
nillanr'S. Newton ilsciilicii tlic cvtilictioli (if till'
tire ii.llicr to priiycr tlmti wiitcr, Iml lie took llic
Iciiil ill prMclical inciiHiircH of irlicf, iirid tried to
remove llie eiirlllly eiUI><e of Kiieli visilntioiM liy
IHittin;,' an end to lioiidics nnd illiiininiitioiis on
lliclth of Noveiniier. 'riifeiilelied willi llii> |o>i,s
(if their (iuy l'"ii\\k('S, the liMiliariiins ro-e upon
him, iind he iiad u narrow escupe from llieir \ io
^ lencc — Smith's Cowim.ic, eli. ;i,
*ir«. CHUKCH, Rebuilding, I'mriih m-r. |'riie
InhaiiitantH of .Mecca | delilierated on IIk^ recon-
struction of the Kiial'a, or the temple, which
was crumlilinj; with w^v, and of which the pil
frrinis deplored the ruin. I'lely imiielled them,
but revcience restrained them. A Uoiiian vessel
liavini; Huirered shipwreck, precisely at this
juncture, upon liie shoals of the He'd Sea not
far from .Mecca, ca.';t upon the coast some wood.
Iron, and ii cariienlcr, who escaped the wreck.
A divine aujjury was, of course, manifest in this
celestial succor of materials, and an artisan to
ply them, liut at the moment of commenciiii;
to repair thi' lolterini^ walls, there was no one
who dared strike them the (irsi lilow. At last
Walid, with less Jiiety, or more hardihood than
IdH compatriots, took uj) a cn^wliar, and cried
in lifting,' it to j^dvc \\w wall a imnch, " I)o not
l)faii>,ny with us, () (Jod of Ahraham ! what we
arc'doiii!,' we do tlirou;;h piety." 'I'liewall tum-
bled, and Walid was not slri<ken with death.
IS'evertheless, (he Klioreishites resolved to let
I>ass the nii^lit before proceedinir, to Ix- well as-
sured thai no divine vengeance would punish
till! material sacriletrc! of Walid. lie emer^'cd
from his house ne.xt mornin,!^ safe nnd sound.
riio Klioreishites, on his llrst appcnranci, took
C'onlldcnce and continued the demolition. — \,\
M.\IITINK'S TlI{Ki;V, J). «.").
^77. CHURCH or Self. R<i<inof,himfx 11. The
new lliirh Commi.ssion had, diiriti!; the first
monthsof its existence, merely inhibited cleruy-
nien from exercising spiritual functi(.ns. The
riirhts of ])roperty had remained untouched.
But. early in the year 1(187, it was determined Io
strike at freehold interests, and Io impress on
every Aii;^ii,.nn |)riestand |)relatc the conviction
that, if he refused to lend his aid for the i)urpose
of destroyini; the church of which he w;is a
minister, lie would in an hour be reduced to
be^f^ary. . . . War was therefore at oiu (; de-
clared (lirninst the two most venerable corjiorn-
tions of the realm — \\w. universities of O.xford
and ('aml)ridu:c. — M.vc.vri/.w'a E.no., cli. H.
S7§. CHURCH, Sin in the. Gfimje. MnUir.
When he was fourteen his niotlier died . . . he
not only became! idle luid (lissi])ated, lint wa.s f re-
(piently guilty of fal.sehood and di.slionesty. In
this stale of heart, without faith, destitute of true
repentance, and ])osse.ssing no knowledge wliat-
«!ver, either of his own lost eondition as a sinner
nor of God '.s way of .salvation through Christ,
lie wa.s confirmed ; and in the year 1H2() took
the Lord'.s Supper for the first lime at llu! Cathe-
dral Church of Ilalberstudl. — Like of OEoiuiE
MiJLLEn, p. 1.
§r9. CHURCH and State. nirMcd [In 1140]
the trumpet of Roman liberty was first sounded
by Arnold of Brescia, whose promotion in (he
ciiurch was confined to the lowest rank, and who
wore the monastic habit rather as n garb of pov-
ert v than as a uii'form of obedience. His adver-
saries could not deny the wit and eliMpiPiiee,
which they severely i'ell ; they confess with re-
luctance tlie specious jiurhy of his nionds ; and
his errors were recommended to the public by a
mixture of iniporlani and beiielhial tniilis. . , .
lie presumed to (|Uiite the decljirat loll of Christ,
that Mis kim:doiii is not of this world ; he boldly
liiiiilitaiiK'd that the sword and the sceptre were
intrusted to the ci\il niagistiate : llial temporal
honors and possessions were lawfully \esied in
secular persons ; that the abbots, the bishops,
and the pope himself, must renounce either their
slate or their sahation : and that after the los.s
of their revenues, (he voluntary tithes and obla-
tions of the iMithful would sutUce, no! indeed
for luxurv and iivarice, but for a frugid life in
the e.xercLse of spiritual labors. During a short
time the preacher was revered as a jiatriot ; nnd
the discontent, or revolt, of Mrescia against her
bishop was the (irst fruits of his datigerous les-
sons. Mut the favor of the people is l<>ss perma-
nent than (he resentment of the priest ; and after
the hen sy of Arnold had been condemned
by Innocent H. in the general council of tln>
Laleran, Ihe magistrates themselves were urged
by prejudice and fear to execute Ihe seii-
t("nce of the church.' Italy could no longer
alford a refuge ; and the disciple of Abelard es-^
caped beyond the Alps, till he found a safe aiai
hosiiitalile refuge in Zurich, now the lirsi of lh(\
Swiss cantons, [lie accomplished a revolulion.
and I enjoyed, or dcploieil, the elTects of lii.i.
mission ; his reign continued above ten years,
while two popes — IiiiKHcnt II. and Anasta-
siuH I\'. — either trembled in the Valicin, or
wandered as exiles in the adjacent cities. . . .
After his retreat from Rome Arnold had beeu
protected by the viscounts of Campania, from
whom he was extorted by Ihe power of Cie.sar ,
the prefect of the city ])ronounced his sentence :
the martyr of freedom was burnt alive in tho
prescnce'of a careless and ungrateful people ;
and his ashes were cast into the Tiiier, l<st tln>
heretics should collect and worship them. —
GiiuioNS Ro.Mi;, ch. (10.
NWO. CHURCH, State. AV/Z/V/ . The church, in
so far as it was a civil estnblishnient, wiis the
creature of Parliament ; astat\ile enacted the ar-
ticles of its creed, as well as its book of jjrayer ;
it was not even intrusted with a co-ordinate pow-
er to reform its own abuses ; any altemiil to have
done so would have been treated as a usurpa-
tion ; amendment eovdd proceed only from Par-
liament. — Hanckokt'w U. S., vol. r,, ch. i.
»8I. CHURCH and State. Sit/lrmcnt »/ Xrin
lliiirii. Wy the influence of Davenport [the pas-
tor of the colonists] it was solemnly resolved,
that the Scripltires are the perfect rule of tin;
commonwealth ; the jiurity and peace of the or-
dinance to themselves an<l their posterity were
the great end of civil order ; and that church-
members only .should be free burgesses. . . .
Annual elections were ordered, nnd (Jod's word
established as the only rule in public affairs.
— Bancuokt's U. S., vol. 1, ch. li.
SHiJ. . Conflicting. Becket's pro-
motion to the archbishopric of C^anterbury,
which made him for iife the .second person
in the kingdom, produced a total change in
his conduct and demeanor. lie resigned immc-
{•|iri{(ll-< ITIKS,
105
illati'ly till' ottli'c (if < liitiiii'llor, iiiid alTcctcil In
his own pirsiiii tlK'liiiisl tiiortilli'd niipciii'tini r nf
rii^oroiiH Niitictily. lie mkim iimiiitrsii'il the nil)
live of lliis siirprlsini,' rimiip'. A dcr^rv imm
liiul ili'liMiii'lii'il llii'iliiiii;lili'i° of II ^riitli'Miiin. Mini
iiiiirili'i'i'd llic fiillicr to pri'vciii llii' cnVcis ot Ills
n'sciiliiifiii. TIh' kiiii; iiisisicd Hint lliis alro
<loiis villiiili should lie tried liy the civil liiniris
Initc : Ui'ckct stood liy for llic pri\ ilcLfi's of (he
(hiirch, iind rcfiisril to di'livcr liini np. Ili- iip-
pciilcd Id the sec of Itoiiic. 'I'his \Mis the tiliic
for lli'tiry to iiiiiki' his di'iisivr nttiirk iil'iiIii^I
Ihc liiiiiiiiiiitii's cliiiincd liy the chiirili, wlirii, to
di'fi'iid tlii'sc, it i'"isl. vindiciitc the fonli--t of
• •rimes. lie siiinilioiied ii P'lienil roilllcil i>( llie
noliilitv mid preliiles at. ( 'laretidon. where the
followlii;,^ retjiilatioiiH were enacted; 'I'liMt chiircli
men when accused of crimes should he tried in
\\w civil Durts : that the kiii<x should ultimately
Jud^'e in rcclesiastical and spiritual appeals ; tiiat
the prelalc'i should fiirniHli the pulilic supplies as
liarons ; that forfeited iroods should not lie pro-
lected in churches. —'rYri.i';K'H llisr., llool: (I,
«li. H.
nmi. CHURCH, SufFerin^ for the. /tix/iojt M^irk.
The I'liifiin niai^ist rales, iiitlaiiied liy zeal and
rcven^je, iihused the riLroroi.us privilcLte of the
Koman hiw, which .siilistitutes, in the place of
his inade(|uute property, the person of the insol-
vent (i(!htor. I'lidcr till" iireccdfiiit rei;;n .Mark,
iiishop of Arcthusa, had laliored in the ('(in-
version of liis people with arms more elTccliial
than thoso of persuasion. The miiLdslrates re-
(jiiired tho full value of a temple which had been
destroyi^d by his intolerant /eal ; hut as they
were siitistlcd of his poverty, they desired only to
lieiid his inllcxilile spirit to the iiromise of the
sli^rhlest compensation. They a]ipreliended the
aired prelate, they inhiinianly scoiirireil him,
they tore his heard ; and his naked hody, an-
<'iiited with honi'y, was suspended, in a net, he-
tweeii heaven and earth, and exposed to the
stin^r^ of insects and the rays of a Syrian sun.
From this lofty station .Mark still ]iersisted to
^lory in his crinii^ and to insult the im|iotcnt
He was lit lenirth res-
and dismi.ssed to en.jo.v
triumph. The Arians
their pious confessor ;
ra;,'<' of his ])ersecutors
cued from their hands,
the honor of his divim
celehrated thu virtue of
the (.'lUholics luuhitiously olainied his alliance
and the Piipins, who inifrht he susceptilile of
shamc! or remorse, were deterred from the repe-
tition of such unavailinj^ cruelly. — GiniioN's
JtoMK, eh. 2;}.
>»W4. CHUBCH support. V"l)i>i/(in/. Tithe,
lit first a fruu gift, hecame estahlished as a riirlit
by law. . , . What we now call the voluntary
]irinciplo entered very liirjj;ely into the means of
the Sa.xon clergy, in addition to their tithes and
their glebe, [a.d. OaH-yTn.J — Knkjut'h EN(i.,
vol. 1, eh. 10, p. 140.
»S5. CHURCHES blended. Jiomiin CuthoHr
and ProUxtiint. [Afti r the accession of f]li/abetli
the Catholic service was modified and more ac-
ceptable to Protesttints.] A priest would cele-
brate mass at his parsonage for the more rigid
Catholics, and administer the new communion in
♦•hurch to the more rigid Protestants. Some-
times both parties knelt togetlier at tht; same al-
fiir-rails, the one to receive hosts consecrated by
the priest at home after the old usage, the other
wafers consecrated in chun h after the new.
— I!i>-T, oK Kmi. l'i;ori,i , ^ Ti»".'.
hH4l. CHURCHES without Initruotlon. /.'< /'//' <'.f
F.li^iiliilli. { )ii|y in the few liliiees v\ here the more
/ealoiis of the reformers hail xcttleil was llicii"
any religious insiriielion. " In many places," it
was reported after ten years of the (lueen's rule,
"the jicople cannot yet Miy their eommand-
iiieiils. and in soiiie not the articles of their be-
lief.' Nalurnlly enoi irh, the bulk of IjiLdtslunen
Were fiiillid to be " utterly devoid of lelitdoll,"
and Clime to chiirch " iis to 11 .May game." —
Ills!'. OK r,N(l, Pi;ol'l,l'., ^ 7<l".'.
hM7. CIRCUMSTANCES, DifTerence In. .l/>./'-
iiiiihr. I When Alexander the (inal was niareh-
iiig iigaiiisl the Persians, he| received a letter
from hiiriiis, in which the prince proposed, on
condition of a |iiicilicatioii iiiul future frieiidshiii,
to |iiiy him 10,1)1)0 laleiils in ransom of the pris
i>iiers : to cede to him all the countries on this
side the Kuphrales, and to give him his dnii^h-
ter in miirriage. I'pon his cominuiiicMtinir these
proposals to his friends, Pariiieiiio |oiie of his
generals| said: " If I were .\lexaiider, I would
accept them." "So Would I," said .Mexaiider,
" if ! were Parnieiiio." The answer he gave
Darius was, that if he would come to him, he
should tind the best of trealnient ; if not, lie miisl
go and .M'ck him. — Pi.rT.vitcu's Ai.kx.\m>i:u.
filWW. CITIES, Importance of. Ilmrii l.tlu;
h'liirL r. To this prince (ieriiiaiiy owes the foun-
dation of her cities; for befoie this period, ex-
cepting the castles on the mountains, the seats of
j the barbarous noliilitv w ho lived by plunder, and
I the convents, (Hied with an useless herd of cccle-
j siasties, the bulk of the |(eople lived dispersed in
lonely fariiiH and villages. The towns built by
Henry were surrounded with walls, and regular-
ly fortilied ; they were cM|ialile of coiilaining a,
considerable number of inhabii'OM . , ...id, in or-
der that they might be s]ieedil\ jieopled, it was
enjoined by tla; sovereign that every ninth man
should remove himself, with his whole elTects,
from the country, and settle in the nearest town.
— TvTi,i;ii's Hist., liook (5, cli. 1.
WNO. CITIES, Poverty in. lioinr. .In venal la-
ineiits, as it should .seem from his own cxjie-
rieiice, the hardships of the poorer citizens, to
whom he addresses the salutary advice of eini-
griiting, without delay, from the smoke of Koine,
since they might iiurchase, in the little towns of
Ital.v, a cheerful, commodious dwelling, at the
same pric(; which they aiinuallv paid for a tlaik
and miserable lodging. House-rent was there-
fore immoderately dear; the rich aciiuired, at
an enormous (fxpeii.si', the ground, which they
covered with palaces and gardens ; liuMliebody
of the Homan people was crowded into a narrow
space, and the dilTerent tloors and apartments
of the .same house were divided, as it is still the
custom of Paris and other cities, among .several
families of plebeians. — Gihiion"s Komk, cli. 31.
S90. CITI'^S, Ungovernable. TmikJh,,. In IMO
a ])roclamation was issued against the erection
of new buildings in London. Tho number of
beggars, it alleged, was increa.std ; there was
greater danger of fin; and tho plague . . . the
trouble of governing so great a multitude was
become too great. . . . By the increase of build-
ings, it is said, " great infection of sickness, and
II
100
( rrizKN-< iTV.
(Ii'iirtli of vlctiiiklH ami fiul, Imlli ^rown itiiil
t'ti.Hiii'il, iinil initiiy irllr. sitKriitil, iiml wlikccl
iMTNoiiK liiiNc liurlmrrd ilicn ." - K nkiii i'm IOsu.,
viil, :t, ( h. i;.
I«0 1. CITIZEN, Duty of the. I'liliinlix,,,. Illnc
lliiiis. till- Kiiiiiiiii St'riJilor, WHS imidi' ii ('i>iihiiI.|
l'rnx|i<'r<iiiH in liis t'aini' ami fnrniii)"*, In lii^
|iiili|l(' liiiiiiirM ,inil |)r'iMitralliiin('('H, in tin r'tilli
valioii <>r Hcli'iM'c ami the cunHciouNncHsoj' vlihu',
llortliinH inl;zlit liuvi' Itci'ti Mt\li'(i lni|i|iv, If tlial
Itri'cariiins cpjilici coiild muI'cIv licaiipliiii licruii'
tlio l.iHt Irrni of the lite of man. A |iliiloso|i|ii'r
lilxTal in Ills wcailli and parsinionions nf his
time iniulil III- inscnsilili' lo ilic comnion alliirc-
incnts of aniliitioii, ilic tliirsi of ^old and rin-
ploynii'iit. And soiiic cri'dil may lie due to the
Msscvcralion of MoctliiiiH, thai hiTliad irlmtantly
olicyrtl the divine IMato, who enjoins cvefv vir-
liioiis cili/.cn to rcsini' the State from the nsnr
]mlion of vice and i^'iioranee,-— (iiiiiioNM Uu.mi;,
eh. :<l(.
HWi. CITIZENS, Naturalised. Ilnmiin. The
repnhlic >;loried in her >;ener<ins policy, and
■was fteipiently I'ewafdccl liy the merit and ser
vices of her adopted .sons. Had she always
con tilled till' distinct ion of itomans to the ancient
families within the walls of the city, that, im
mortal name would have lieeii deprived of some
of its nolilest ornaments, \'ir;,dl was ii native
of Mantua; Horace was inclined to doiilit
^vllelher he should call himself an Apiilian or a
I.iicanian ; it was in i'adua that an historian
was found worthy to record the majestic series
of Hoinaii victories. The jtatriot family of the
Catos emerired from Tiiseulum ; and the little
town of .\rpiniim claimed the iloulile honor of
prodiicin^T Mariiis and Cicero, tlie foriner of
"whom deserved, after Honiuliis and Camillus,
lo lie styled the Third Founder of Home ; and
the latter, after saviiiir his country from the de-
hiiriisof Catiline, enaliled her to contend with
Athens for th(3 palm of eloiiueiice. — Gihiidn's
1{|>MI,, cli. 2.
«f>:|. CITIZENSHIP, Honor of. Ihlirar. |In
1H|;{ he succeeded in drivin;j; tlie Spaniards from
the soil of Venezuela lifter a terrible stru;r;,de
■with lirutal enemies. He then resifjned liiscoin-
iiiission after tlu; e.\ainple of WasliinK'oii. TIk'
Spaniards renewed (he war, and (leneral Holivar,
amid Ln'cat disasters, led his patriot army to the
fontlict.l Till! career of Jiolivar, henceforth,
■was one of almost unliroken victory ; and, after
foiiryearsof terrihlo warfare, the Spanish (Jov-
(•rnmeiit was compelled to treat for peace, and
to coiiced(! the inde]>en(lenc(! of tli(( I'nitcd He-
laililics. Airiiiii 15i)livar ri'sij,'ned his commis-
sion as ireiieral and dictator. In his address to
Con.irress, lie said : " I am the child of camps.
Uattles have liorne iiio to the chief ina/rislraey,
mid the fortune of war has sustained me in it ;
Imt a ])ower like that which has been coiilided
lo me is danu^eroiis in a repiililiean <,'overnnieiit.
I jirefcr the title of Soldier to that of Jiilier-
ator ; and, in descendiii;f from the Presidential
chair, I aK])ire only to merit the title of good
citizen." — CY('i,ori:i)i.v ok Hi()ii.,p. 4iiO.
»9I. CITIZENSHIP, Intelligent. Spart<t)iK.
The youth of Sjiarta, from their attendance at
the j)ulili( tables, were from their infancy fa-
miliarly aeciuainted with all the important hiisi-
neH.s uf the commonwculth. Tliey liuew thor-
oil^lily iU conMiitiillon, the |><)W('rM of tlin
Heverill functioliar'es of the Niate, and the de-
ll. led duties and ri^lils which belon)(eii lo Iho
kiiiKs, the maclstrates, and the clli/eiis. Henco
arose (more than pcr'i.ips from any other caii^^')
that permaiiciii f constitution which has b<'< n
so Jusily the adminilion both of ancient ai d
modern |ioliiicians ; fir w here all orders of men
know Iheir precise rights and duties, and there
are laws siitllcient to secure to them Hie one
and protect them in the exercise of the other,
there will nirelv be a fiiciloiis stru^fxle for
power or pre eminence ; as all inordinate ambi
tioii will lie most ctTectually repressed by a
^'eiicral spirit of \iLriliiiiie and caution, as well
as the ditllculty and danv'er attendant on iniio
vatioiis. -Tv ii,i;n s llisr.. Monk l.ch.O.
W»5. CITY, Blewingi of the. 'J'/im: [At tlio
beirimiiiiK of III"' sixth (fiitiiry the] nobles of
Uoiiie were llatlered by Honoroiis epithets and
formal professions of respect, which had been
more .justly applied to the merit and authority
of llii'ir ancestors. The people enjoyed, with-
out fear or daliirer, the three lile.ssin>,'s of ii
capilal— order, |ilenty, and public iimusemout.s.
— (Jiiiiio.NS Uo.Mi;, eh. ;(ll,
0*9«. CITY, Contaminating:. Itonw. After a
nionlh's residence in the cloister of " S. Marin
del I'opolo," on the " I'iazzii del I*i)|)oli),"
liiitlier set out on his return home. Ih; had not
tarried longer than was necessary ; for, said he,
•' Whoever goes to Home for the lirst time is
looking for a rogni' ; whoever goes again will
tiiid him ; and whoever goes the third time will
return with him." — I{i;in'h liiiTincu, cli. 4,
p. :t!).
WOT. CITY, Eita jlishment of a. Atuuiiitn. At
the foundation of a city the priests and all em-
ployed leajied over a lire ; then they made ii v\v-
cular e.veavalion, into which lliey threw the
lirst-fruits of the season, and some liandfuls of
earth brought from the native city by the foun-
ders. The entrails of victims were ne.\t consult-
ed ; and if favorable, they iiroceeded to traeo
th(^ limits of the. town with u line of chalk.
'I'his track they then marked by a furrow, with
a iiloiigh drawn by a white bull and heifer. , . .
The ceremony was concluded by a gri'iit sacri-
fice to the tutelar gods of the city, who wens
solemnly invoked. — TvTi.ini's Hist., Jiook '6,
eh. 1.
SON. CITY, Populous. Vitimr. If wc adopt
the same average, which, under similar circum-
stances, has been found applical)l<> to Paris, and
indiirereiitly allow about twenty-tive jier.son.s for
each house, of every degree, w(! may fairly es-
timate the inhabitants of Honii! at twelve lum-
dred thousand — ii number which c-nnot be
thought excessivi! for the capital of a mighty
enijiire, though it exceeds the populousness of
the greatest citiesof modern Knrope — Giiuson's
Ho.ME cli. ai.
SOO. CITY, Sins of the. Alinihim J/inc,,ln.
[Hisanecdoteof Mr. Camiibell, once Secretary of
State for Illinois.] A cadaverous-looking man,
with rt white neck-doth, . . . informed that Mr.
Campbell l- ul the letting of the Hall of Repre-
sentatives, he wished, if jnissible, to secure it for a
course of lectures. ..." What is lo be the sub-
ject V" , . . " The Second Coming of our Lord."
CITY -CIVILIZATION,
10
" It in (if rill \iM(>," Miilil T'liniplH'!! ; " If yini will
titkf my lulvicr, ynti will tiiil witHlc your tiiiu'
In tills city. It i>4*iiiy |iriviitr <i|)iiiiiin. tluil It 'lir
liorti liMH Ix'cn III S|>rlii)Lrtlt'lil mifi, lie will ti. vrr
rriinc Mil' Hccnllil lime," - It VYMiiNK H |,IM (||,N,
p. Tilt
fMM>. CITY, VlcM of thi. I.ouihm. Kvny nice
(if I'Vrry iiiitliiii aliiilrs tlicri', uml liiivr ilicir
liriMiirlit tlii'lr vIcch. It Is t'lill nf irniiililrrs imd
Iiuiiilt'i'M, dt' l)niv''!.^tiilni'iiis and lliiltt"'('i'M. nl' liiil'
<i<iii>4 iiiiil fnrliiiii' Irllci's, (if I'Miirlionirs ami
in.iKi<iiiii'<. [\.i>. lUH.] Kmuiii'h I'Imi,, vuI.
1, <li. •,'•,'.
fM>l. CIVILIZATION, Dangeri of. Itomonx.
AVIirli wi' I'l'Ciillrcl till' I'lillllilt'tr ai'lllnr iif till'
HoiiiMii siililiiTs, ilii'ir iliNcliiliiic, exerciser, CVn
lilliiiiiM. I'orlillril ('aiiip>4. anil niilitary rii^diirs. It
iipprai-H a JiimI iiialtir iif siirprisi', Imw tlir niikiil
anil uiiaMMlHicd valiir nf tlic liiiiliariaiis cniild
(Ian* III ciicdUiitiT, III till' lli'ld, tin' stri'ii^lli of
tlif legions and tlic various lroii|is of llic iiiixil-
laricM, wliicli Hccoiidrd Ilicir operations. Tlic
ciiiilcst wa.s too tincipial, till llic introiluctioii of
luxury had enervated the vitror, iiiiil a spirit of
(liMoliedlcnce and Ncdllioii liiid icImmiI the ills
cipliiic of the Hoiiiiiii aniiics.- (!iiiii(i.,'s UomI':,
ell. 0, p. 27:>.
OO'i. CIVILIZATION, Demands of. Sir Fran-
ciH Dnthr. It thus appears that this lirave iiiaii
Hiiciit his lit> ill warring upon the Spaniards.
What ouj!;lit we to think of liini ? Was he a
liuceaiH'cr, or a jialriot sailor wairiii^.' Ic^Mliniiitc
warfare '/ I answer the (piestiou thus : The
Worst iiiiin of whom history /rives any account,
and \\w most, forniidahlc enemy modern clvili-
/alioii liashad toi.'iicouiiler, was I'hilip II., Kin).r
of S|min. Ill) was a moody, ijriioraiit, cruel,
(tensual, cowardly hypocrite. So lonj; as that
atrocious tyrant wielded tlii! resources of the
HpiiniHli monarchy — then the most powerful on
oartli — lh(! lirsl iiileresl of human nature was the
rediK'tioii of lii.s power. To do this was the jrrciit
object and tli(( almost ceaseless elTorl of C)uecii
Elizaheth and the I'rotestunt powers in alliance
with her. In lendiii); a hand to this work Fran-
f'is Drake WHS ti^htini; on the side of civlli/.ation,
and prepariiij? the way for such an Americii as
we see around u.s now ; for, in liiniliiiK the
])ower of Philip, Ik; was rescniiiir the fairest ])or-
lions of Americii from the; hiifrht of Sjiaiiish su-
lierstition, !Si)anish cruelly, and Spanish narrow-
ness. That he fouirht liis .share of this tijrlit in
a wild, roiiirh, huccaneerinir manner, was the
fault of his ago more than his own. — C-'vci.ori':-
DI.V OK Hiod., p, !{(il,
003. CIVILIZATION, Effete. (Irnhn. Tliesit-
niition of i\\v. (Jrecks [wlio litid been compicred
riv the Itomans] was very dilTerciit from that
of \lie barbariims |coii(|uered by them]. The
former had been loni^ since civili/.ed and cor-
rupted. They had too much taste to reliiKjuisli
their )aniru,i;j:e, and too much vanity to adopt
any foreiLjn institutions. Still jireservinj^ tlu'
])reju(liees after they had lost the virtues of their
ancestors, they afl'ectcd to despi.se the unjiolish-
i*d manners of this Honian coiupierors, while
they were compelled to res])e('t their superior
wi.sdom and power. — Giuuon's Rome, ch. 2, p.
45.
004. CIVILIZATION, Failure of. Aineriran hi-
dians. [In 1817 the Indian nations of what was
formerly know II astlie North Western Territory
ceded to the I nihil Slates certain IniclM of
land, lyiiitf chletlv In Ohio, for money and cer
lain aiinuillt s. ] A reservalioii of cerlaln InicN,
Minoiinliiiu In the \x\i)ir< irate lo aboiil three hiiii
I ilred Ihousaiiil acres, was iiiiide by the red iniiii
with the apiirovid of Ihe <lo\eriiincnt. For it
' was belli vi'd tha' the Indians, liviiii.' in hiiiiiII
' illstricis Mirroiinded with .Xiiiiricaii farms and
I vllla'.:'es, would iibimdoii barbuiisiii for the hab
Its of civili/eil life. Ililt the seiplel prii\"d
Ihiil the men of the wooils hail no aplllude for
such a cliMiiire. Uiiu'viirs r, S, ill. ."rj, p. I IT.
0O.1. CIVILIZATION, Fleeing from. S,n,ni,l
IIiiiimIiiii . His elder brothers . . . cuiiipelli'd liliii
lo go Into II merchiinrs store and stand behind
the counler. This kind of life he had little rel-
ish lor, and he suddenly dlsap|ieiired, A great
.search was made for him, but he was nowhere
to be found fo*" several weeks. At last Inlelll
gence reached the family that .Sam had croswil
the Tennessee River iinil gone lo live among Ihe
Indians, where, from all accounls. he seemed to
be gelling on iiiiich more to his liking. Tliev
found him, and began lo i|Uestioii him on Ii(.s
motives for this novel proceeding. Sam was
now, althoiigli HO very young, nearlv six feet
high, and, standing straight as an Indian, coolly
replied that " he iirefcrrcd measuring deer tracks
III tape — that he liked the wild liberty of the red
men belter than the tyriinny of his own brothers,
and if he could not Hiiiily Latin in the acaileinv,
he could, at least, read a Ininslation from tfie
(Jreck in the woods, and re-id It in peace. So
I hey could go liome as '.Kin as they liked." —
Lkstku's lliu's'roN, p. US.
00«. CIVILIZATION, Growth of. .1 /* <•/< n i.
Advancement from barbarism to civili/.alion is a
very slow and gradual process, because every
stci) in Unit jiroccss is the result of necessity after
Ihe e.xiicrieiice of an error, or the strong feeling of
a want. These experiences, frequently repealed,
show at length the necessity of certain rules and
customs to lie followed by the general consent of
all ; and tlie.si; rules become in time ]>(>siliv()
eiiaclmeiils or laws, enforced by certain penal-
ties, which are various in their kind and in their
degree, aeconling to tlu? slate of .society at the
lime of their formation, — Tytlkuk Hist, , Rook
1, ch. ;i,
OOr. CIVILIZATION, Late. Ii'>ism,i>is. Till
the middle of Ww tifteenth century the Russians
were an uiKoiineited multitude of wandering
tribes, professing dillerenl religions, and most of
them yet idolaters. A sovereign, or duke, of
Uussia paid a tribute to the Tartars of furs and
callle to restrain their depredations, — Tyti.kk's
llisr. , Hook (t, ch. ;{.">, ji. 47H.
OOW. CIVILIZATION misrepresented. 7o Awfr-
ii-iiii Indimis. I Vera/.zimo, Ihe Italian, exiilored
the American coast,] The savages were more
humane than their guests. A young sailor, who
had nearly been drowned, was revived by tlii!
courtesy of the natives; the voyagers roblied n
mother of her child, and attempted to kidnap a
young woman. . . . The native.', of the more
northern region were liostile and jealous . . .
perhaps this coast had been visitcii for slaves ;
its inhabitants had bcicome wise enough to dread
the vices of Europeans. — Bancroft's Hist, ok
U. S., vol. l.ch. 1.
.>'
los
CIVILIZATIOX-CLAIUVOVANCi;
90». CIVILIZATION, Origin of modern. Ilo
TiiitiiM — (IfniKUiK. ,M. (iiii/oi . . . siiv>< tlml
aiiHin;; liic clcincnts of iiKxtrni civiliziiiion. t|ic
spirit of jciiuliiy or rc,i;iiliir iissocinlioii wiis de-
rived from tile !{oiiiiiii worid, from tiie iniwiici-
piililies Mild tlie Hoiiian laws. From Hie (termiiiH
ciime tile sjiiril of personid lilierly. — Iv.NKiiir'h
Hn(J., voi. 1, eii. ;S, p. 4».
» I O. CIVILIZATION, Progress of. (I r r c / s.
'Die jiiiorijiiimi (Jreeivs, under tiie vurious ile-
iiominiilioiis of Pelnsiii, Aoiies, Iliiiiites, LelcLres,
etc., were a nice of savaices who dwelt in cav-
erns, and are said to have lieen so liarliaroiis as
to liv(! wiliioi t any suliordinalion to a cliief or
leader, to have fed on human flesh, and to have
been ijj;norant, of the use of .'re. — Tyti, Kit's
Hist., Hooli I, eh. «, p. r,2.
Oil. . JiritdiiH. The Hritons projier
from thr interior showe<l fev siirnsof progress.
They did not break tlie ^.ound for eorii ; they
liad no manufaetures ; they lived on meat anil
milk, and were dressed in leather. They dyed
their skins blue that they miiiht look hkh-o ter-
rible. They wore their hair l.-iig, and had loiifj
nnistaches. In their habiis they had not risen
out of flu; lowt'si, order of savaict'ry. They had
wives in common, aiid brothers and sisters, par-
«'nts aii(l children, lived l(>;ietlier with promis-
cuous unrestraint. — FUOfDK's C.KS.Ml, ch. l(j.
912. CIVILIZATION, Eevival of. ad. 148.-)-
1.514. The world was pa.ssing through changes
more iiiomentous than any it had witnessed
since flic vict< ry of Christianity and the fall of
the Roman Eini)ire. Its phy.sical bounds we're sud-
denly enlarged. The discoveries of ('operiii' us
revealed to man the secret of the universe. I'or-
tiiguese mariner" doubled tlie V-n\M' of Good
Hope and anchored their merchant tleets in the
liarbors of India. Columbus cros.se(l tlie iiiitrav-
crsed ocean to add a Is'ew World to the Old.
Seliastian Cabot, starting from the jiort of 15ris-
lol, threiuhd his way among the icebergs of
Lalirador. This sudden contact with new lands,
new faiths, new races of men, quickened the
slumbering intelligence of Europe into a.strang(>
curiosity. Tiie tir.-'t book of voyages that told
of th(! western world, thi) travels of Amerigo
Vcsjjucci, were .soon "in everybody's liands."
The " Utopia" of More, in its wide range of
speculation on every subject of liuman thought
and action, tells us how roughly and utterly the
narrowness and limitation of liuman life had
been broken up. At the very hour when the in-
tellecluid energy of the middle ages liad sunk
into exhaustion the captun; of Constantinople by
the Turks and the flight of its Greek scholars to
the shores of Italy opened anew the science and
literature of an older world. The exiled Greek
scholars were welcomed in Italy ; a'.d Florence,
so long the home of freedom and of art, became
the liome of an intellectual revival. — Hist, of
Eno. People, 55 .W;].
913. CLAMOR, Dangerous. Popnlnr. The Em-
peror A'aleus, who, at length, liad removed liis
court ii.id army from Antio<h, was received by
the people of Constantinople as the author of the
public calamity. Before he had reposed himself
ten days in the capital, he was urged by the li-
centious clamors of tlie Hippodrome to march
against the barbarians, whom he had invited
into his dominions ; and the citizens, who are
always brave at a distance from any real danger,
declared, with conlidence, that, if 'hey were sup-
lilied with arms, tlni/ alone would undertake to
deliver the province from the ravages ot an in-
sulting foe. The vain reproaches of an ignorant
multitude hasleiied the downfall of the Koinaii
Fmpire ; they jn'ovoked the desperate! rashnessof
Valeiis, who (lid not find, either in his reputa-
tion or in his mind, any motives to sujipoit with
lirmness the public contemj)t. He wassoon per-
suaded, liy the successful achievements of his
lieiilenant.s, to despi.se the ])ower of the Goths.
. . . 'l"he event of the battle of Adrianople [was]
. . . fatal to Valensjiml to the empire. — GiimoNS
lloMi;, ch. :.'().
9M. CLAIRVOYANCE, Agitation by. SinnWu-
lii'ffj. Swcdeiiborg went to bed, and I went to
sit in another room, with the master of the house,
with whoii. I was conversing. "We both heanl
a remarkable noise, and could not apprehend
what it could be, and therefore drew near to a
door, where there was a little window that looked
into the chain ber where Swedenborg lav. Vto
saw him with his arms rai.sed toward lieaven,
and his body appeared to tremble. He spoke
much for the sjiace of half an hour, but we could
understand nothing of what heiuud, excei)t that,
when Ik; let his hands fall down, we heard him
.say with a loud voice, " My God !" Hut we could
not hear what he said more. He remained after-
ward very (iuietjy in his bed. I entered into
ills chamber with the master of the house, and
tasked him if he was ill. '• No," .said he ; " but I
have had a long discourse with some of the heav-
enly friends, and am at this time in a great per-
spiration." And as his elTeels were embarked on
board the ve.s.sel, he asked themasterof the house
to let him have a shirt ; he then went again to
bed, and sle|)t till morning. — White's Sweden-
liOUd, p. ISI.
915. CLAIRVOYANCE, Information by. Sire-
(hnbov!/. Says [Immanuel] Kant : " When Swe-
denborg arrived at Gottenburg from England,
Mr. William Castel invited him to his liouse, to-
gether with a party of fifteen persons. About
si.v o'clock Swedenborg n'ent out, and after a
.short interval returnecl to the company (juiti;
pale and ahii-med. He stated that a dangerous
tire had .just broken out in Stockholm, at Sun-
dermalm (di.stant three hundred miles from Got-
tenburg), ami that it .vas sjireading very fast.
He was restless, and went out often. He said that
the house of one of his friends, whom he named,
was already in ashes, and that his own was in
danger. At eight o'clock, after he had been
out again, he joyfully exclaimed, " Thank God !
tl)e tire is extinguished the third door from my
house." This news occa.sioned great commotion
among the compary. It was announceil to the
governor the same evening. The next morning
Swedenborg was sent for by the governor, who
questioned him concerning the disaster. ... On
Monday evening a messenger arrived at Gotx'n-
burg, whowasclespatched during the time of the
tire. In the letters brought by him the tire was de-
scribed precisely in tlie manner .stated by Swe-
denborg. On Tuesday morning a royal courier
arrived at the governors with the melancholy
intelligence of tlie fire, of the loss it had occa-
sioned, and of the liouses damaged and ruined,
not in the least differing from that which Swe-
CLEANLIN'KSS— CLKltCJV
109
(Iciihorir Imd irivcii the inoniciit it had ceased ;
Hie fire had i)eeii exliii;j:ui.slied at eiirlil o'clock.
— AViin'i;',s Sv.KDKNuond, p. 1H7.
OIA. CLEANLINESS, Physical. K<>r,ni. Cleiiii
liiie.Hs is the Ivcy ol prayer ; lliv fre((iieiil lustra-
lion of the iiands, the face, and the ixxly, wiiicli
was practised of old l)y the Arahs, is solemnly
enjoined l)y the Koran ; and a permission is for-
m.'dly irranled to sui)ply with sand liie scarcity
of water. — (Juuio.n's Uomk, ch. .>((.
017. CLEANLINESS, Reaction .-igainst. JmniH
Wdll'K Soil. I'riie second Mrs. Walt | was a
tiirifty Scotch housewife, and s\icli was her i)as-
sion for cleanliness, that slie taiiirht her pet dotrs
to wi|)(^ their feet on the doormats. Ilcr ])ro-
pensity was carried toajjitch which often fretted
luT son liy the restrainis it imposed, [llesaid
to a ladyl". . . / lore dirt. — S.mii.ks' Bhikk 15i-
OdU.M'IMKS, J). 41.
»I8. CLEMENCY, Appeal to. Of Mnhomct.
[After the coiKpiest of Mecca] several of the most
ohnoxions victims were iiidehted for their lives
to his clemency or contempt. 'I'lie chiefs of the
Korei.sh were* jirost rale at bi.s feet. "What
mercy can you expect from the man whom you
have wronujed V" " U'o confide in tlieffenerosity
of our kinsman." " And you shall not contidein
vain : heirone ! you are safe, you are free." The
lieople of Mecca deserved their i)ardon by the
l)rofe.ssion of Islam. — Giiujo.n's Ko.mk, ch. 50.
9I». CLEMENCY, Vile. James IT. None of
the traitors had less ri,i!;ht to exiiecl favor than
Wade, CiDodenoui^h, and Ferjiruson. These three
chiefs of the rebellion [in (Scotland] 1 .id tied
loj^ether from the field of Sed^emoor. . . .
AViide and Goodenoujuh were yoon discovered
and brou^iht up to London. Deeply as they had
been implicated in the Ilye House Plot, conspic-
uous as they had been among the chiefs of the
Western insurrection, they were .suffered to live,
because they had it in their power to give infor-
mation which enabled the king to slaughter and
plunder [through JefTrey.s' court] .some persons
whom he hated, but to whom he had never been
able to bring home any crime. — M.vcaul.vy's
Eng., ch. 5.
920. CLEEGY, Arrogance of. PoliUc<tl. Lotha-
rius, now emperor, and Pepin, lii.s brother's son,
took up arms against the two other sons of
Louis le Debonnaire — Louis of Bavaria and
Cliarles the Bald. A battle (aisued at Fontenay,
in the territory of Au.xerre, where, it is said,
there perished 100,000 men. Lotharius and his
nephew were vanquished. Charlemagne had
compelled the nations whom he subdued to em-
brace Chri.stianity ; Lotharius, to accpure popu-
larity and strengthen his arms, declared an en-
tire liberty of conscience throughout the empire,
and many thousands reverted to their ancient
idolatry. In jiunishment of this impiety, Lotha-
rius was now .solemidy deposed by a council of
bi.shops, who took upon tiiem to show their au-
thority no less over the victorious than over the
vai.quished princes. They put this (piestion to
Charles the Bald and to Louis of Bavaria — " Do
you promise to govern better than Lotharius has
done ?" " We do," said the ob.se((iiious mon-
archs. "Then." returned the bishops, "we, by
divine authority, ju-rmitand ordain you foreign
in his st("id " — •! |iroceeding in which it is diili-
cidl to say whether the arrogance of the ch^gy
most excites our indignation, or the pMsillaidm-
itv of the monarchs our contciiipl. — Tyti.ku'h
if 1ST., Hook (i, ch. 4.
0581. CLERGY, Ouference to. Fenlinnnil If.
Till' voice of a monk was to Ferdinand II. the
voic(! of (iod. '■ Nothing on earth," writes his
own confessor, "was more sacred in his eyes
than a prict. If it cotdd happen, he used to
say, that an angel and a Heguhir were to meet
him at the .same time an(i place, the Uegnlar
should receive his first, and the angel his sec-
ond, obeisance." — Tiiiktv Ykahs' Wau, ^ 2:21.
O'i'i. CLERGY dejn-aded. /.'- Inn of .Lniies II.
[The king conunaiuhd his illegal manifesto,
which aimed at the oveithrow of the Protestant
Church, to be put)licly read by the clergy.] In
till! city and liberties of London were about
a Inmdred jiarish churches. In only four of
theye was the order in council obeyed. At St.
Gregory's the declaration was read by a divinc!
of the name of ^Martin. As soon as lie uttered
the first words, (Ik; whole congregation ro.se
and withdrew. At St. Matthew's, in Friday
Street, a wretch named Timothy Hall, who had
disgraced his gown by acting as broker for tlie
Duchess of Portsmouth in the .sale of i)ardons,
and who now had hopes of ol)taining the vacant
bishopric of Oxford, was in like manner left
alone in his church. At Sergeant's Inn, in
Chancery Lane, the clerk pretended that he had
forgott'.'ii to bring a cojiy ; and the chief justice
of the King's Bench, who had attended in order
to .see that the royal mandate was obeyed, wa.s
forced to content himself with this excuse.
Samuel Wesley, the father of .lohn and Charles
Wesley, a curate in London, took for his text
that day the noble answer of the three Jews to
flic ("hahlean tryanf, " Be it known unto thee,
O king, that we will not serve thy gods, nor
worshi]i the golden image which thou hast
set u]) 1" Even in the chapel of St. Jame.s'
Palac(! the ofticiating minister had the courage
to disobey the order. The Wesfn^inster boy.s
long remembered what took place that day in
the Abbe}'. Sprat, Bishop of liochester, ofticiat-
cd diere as dcin. As soon as he began to read
the declaration, murmurs and the noise of peo-
ple crowding out of the choir drowned his voice,
lie trembled .so violently that men saw the paper
shake in his hand. Long before he had finished,
the place was deserted by all but those who.sc
situation made it necessary for them to remain.
— Macavlay's Eno., ch. H.
023. . Middle Af/en. During these
perpetual contests for ecclesiastical power and
j)re-eminence, the Christian religiim it.self wa.s
deba.sed both by the practice and the principles
of its teachers. The sole object of the clergy
was to accumulate Avcalth and temporal distinc-
tions. While they indulged in every species of
voluptuou.sness and debauchery, they were so
(lei)lorably ignorant, that it is co'ifi'dcntly as-
serted there were many bishojjs who could not
rep.eat the Ai)ostlcs' Creed, nor read the Sacred
Scriptures. This, indeed, was a necessary con-
secpience of the iniquitous distribution of ec-
clesia.stical preferments. These were cither sold
to the highest bidder, or were bestowed as
bribes by the sovereigns and superior pontiffs, to
.'iff.'ich the most artful and often the most worth-
110
CLERGY.
\:i
IcH-i to their interests. — Tvti.ek'h Hist., Booli 6,
cb. 4.
924. . ntifinof CharUs IT. In the
manslop.s of men of libenil sentiments and culti-
vated understandings, tlie ciiaplain was doul)t-
less treated with urhiinity and Itindness. His
ennversation, his literary assistance, his s])iritual
advice, wen; considerecl as iin ample return for
his food, his lodjjring, and his stijiend. lint this
was not the general feeling of the country gen-
tlemen. The coarse and ignorant s(iuire, who
thought that it belonged to his dignity to have
grace said every day at bis tai)le by an ecclesias-
1i(t in full canoniciils, found means to reconcile
digidty with economy. A young Levite — such
was the phrase then'in use — might be bad for
Ids board, a small garret, and tlO a year, and
might not only perforin bis own i)rofessional
functions, nugbt not only be themost i)atient of
)utt.s and of jisleners, might not only be always
ready in linc weather for bowls, and in rainy
weather for shovel-board, but might also save the
expense of a gardener or of a groom. Sometimes
the reverend man nailed ui) the apricots, and
.sometimes he curried the coach-horses. He cast
up the farrier's bills. He walked ten nules with a
message or a jiarrel. if he wasjiermitted to dine
with the family, he was expected to content liim-
self with the plainest fare. He miglit till liini-
self with the; corned l)eef and the carrots ; but
as .soon as the tarts and cheese-cakes made their
appearance, he ((uitted his seat, and stood aloof
till he was summoned to return thanks for the
repast, from a great part of which lie had been
excluded. — ilAC.VLi,.vv'a E.\(i., (-b. 8.
935. CLEBOT dissipated. J-Jiir/IM. [In the
middle of the eighteenth century a] Prussian
clergyman, walking into Oxford at nndiught,
vas introduced by a courteous i)edestrian to an
alehou.se. " How great," he .says, " was my as-
tonishment when, on being shown into a room,
I saw several gentlemen in acadennc dress sit-
ting round a large table, each with Ins i)ot of
beer before him." He thought it extraordinary
that at this unseasonable liour he should sud-
denly find Inmself in a company of Oxonian
clergy. As the morning drew near, after a ca-
rousal which stupefied the German, the gentle-
man who introduced him suddenly exclaimed, ' ' I
must read prayer.s tliis morning at All Souls."
The clergy would spend the morning in scam-
]U'ring alter the hoimds, dedicate the evening to
the bottle, and reel from inebriety to the pulpit.
— Knioiit's Exc, vol. 7, cb. G, p. 110.
92A. CLEBGY, Economical. S<(m<ui .fohnxon.
Speaking of the late Duke of Northmnberland
living very magnificently when Lord Lieutenant
of Ireland, somebody remarked, it would l)e dif-
ficult to find i; suitable successor to him ; then, ex-
claimedJohnson, " he isoidy fit to succeed him-
self." He advised me, if possible, to have a good
orchard. He knew, he said, a clergyman of
.small income who brought up a family very rep-
utably, whicli he chiefiy fed with apple-dump-
lings. — BoswKM.,'8 Johnson, p. 178.
9ar. CLEROY, Heroic. George Wa Iker.
[When tlie army of James II. marched against
the Protestants in Londonderry, the commander
of the forces, Colonel Lundy, advised a .surren-
der, there being but a .small store of provisions
and an inadaciuatc preparation for defence.
George Walker, a minister, roused the counvge
of the j)eople for defence. Two regiments sailed
away to England, leaving the inhabitants to pro-
tect themselves. The faith and zeal of the pioua
Walker inspiri'd the fortitude of the defenders,
and i)rocnn'(l a comiilete deliverance for tlu^ be-
sieged.) — K.NUiHT's E.NO., vol. .'i, ch. 0, p. 8.1.
9a». CLEROY, Immoral. Ent/hinn \.v. l.lOi).
At the commencement of the reign of Henry
V'lL, the long inununity of the clergy from
any interference of the legi.slaturc with their
course of life, however crinnnal, was in a slight
degree interrupted by a statute, which recognizes
the existence in tlie commonweallh of " jM'iesIs,
clerks, and r'.'ligiousmeii oju'idy iKM.sed of incon-
tinent living." . . . The .statute . . . recites that
" jjcrsons lettered " have been more bold to com-
mit murder, robbery, and other mischievous
deeds, because they have been contimially ad-
mitted to the benefit of the clergy upf)n trust of
the i)riviJege of the church. [\\\ those were held
to be clerks who could read.] — Kmoiit's Enu.,
vol. 2, ch. ir.. J). :24!$.
9i29. CLER&Y impoverished, The. litif/ii of
ChurlcK f. I During the reign of Charles I., when
the degra(lali(m of the clergy was ridicided,] the
curates that did the work were so scandalously
paid, that in London they were to be found din-
ing at " three-penny ordimuT," and in the coun-
try were glad to obtain from the church-warden
"a barley bag-pudding " for their Sunday din-
ner. The country curate is described as be-
ing " \mder a great prebend, and a double bene-
ficed rich man," with a salary inferior to liis cook
or coacbmnn. The London curates are rei>resent-
edas living " upon citizens' trenchers, and were
it not that they were pitiful and charitable to
them, there was no possibility of subsistence."
— Kmcuit's Enc, vol. 8, ch. 30, p. 48G.
930. CLERGY, Interference of. W(tr. [The
Crusaders, after a struggle of t wo years, captured
the city of Dannetta.] After it was taken it was
lost by the folly of the pope's legate, who pre-
tended that, in right of his master, he had a title
to regulate the disposition of the army as well as
the cluirch. By his orders they were encamped
between two branches of the Nile, at the very
time when it began its periodical inundation.
The Sultan of Egypt assisted its operation by a
little art, and, by means of canals and slinces,
contrived entirely to deluge the Christians on one
,.ide, while he Inirnt their ships on the other. In
this extrenuty they entreated an accommodation,
and agreed to restore Damietta and return into
Phamicia, leaving their king, John de Brienne,
as an ho.stage. — Tytleh's Hist., Book 6, vol. 9.
931. CLEROY, Labor of the. Xcedof. [Burnet
exhorted the clergy of his own time] to " labor
more," instead of cherishing extravagant notion.s
of the authority of the Church. If to an exem-
plary course of' life in their own persons " clergv-
nun woidd add a little more labor — not only
performing public ofllices, . . . but . . . making
their calling the business of their whole life,
their own minds would be in l)etter temper, and
their people would show more esteem " and re-
gard for them. — Knicut's Exo., vol. 5, ch. 4,
p. 59.
932. CLEROY, Lost. " Dnmncth" C\\rjms,iom
declares his free opinion that the number of bish-
CLERGY
111
ops who might be saved bore n very snmll ])r()-
portioii to those who would be dimuied. — Notk
IN Giiujon's Uomk, ch. ;J2.
933. CL£R07, Marriage of. lirif/n of Clun-lm
If. With his cure lie was expected to tidic u
wife ; tlie wife had ordinarily iu'eii in the i)a-
troii's service ; and it was well if she was not
suspected of standing too hii,di in the; i)atron's
favor. . . , An Oxonian . . . complained bitterly,
not only that the country attorney and the co\in-
try apothecary looked (l(jwn with disdain on the
country cleri,ryniati, but that one of the lessons
most earnestly inc\dcatcd on every girl of lioii-
orable family was to give no encouragement to
a lover in orders, and that if any lady forgot
this precept, she was almost as nuicli >lisgraced
as by an illi(;it amour. C!larendon, who assur-
cflly bore no ill-will to the Church, mentions it
as a sign of the confusion of ranks which the'
Great JtcOjellion bad jiroduced, that some dam-
,sels of noble families had bestowed themselves
on divines. A waiting woman was generally
considered as the most stutable helpmeet for a
parson. Q'"^*-'" Klizabeth, as head of the Church
. . . issued special orders that no clergyman
should presume to marry u servant-girl without
the consent of lier master or mistress. — M.v-
caui.ay'h En'(}., ch. 8.
934. CLEBOT, Militant. Pope Julius IT.
JiUius II., the successor of Alexander VI., was
u pontiff of great political abilities, of a b(jl(l and
ambitious character, and consummately skilled
in the art of war. It was he who em])loy(ul
Michael Angelo to cast his statue in brass, and
when the sculptor would have i)ut a book in his
hand, " No," said he, "give me a sword, I uu-
derstand that better than a breviary." — Tytleii's
Hist., Book 6, ch. 14.
935. . Prior John. About this
time [May, 1.514] Prior John, great cajjtain of
the Frencli navy, with his galleys and foists,
charged with great basilisks and otlier great ar-
tillery, came on the border of Sus.sex, and came
aliin(l on the night at a poor village in Sussex
IJrighthelmstone ; and ere the watch coidd him
descry he set tire on the town, and took such
poor goods as lie found. Then the watch tired
the beacons, and people began to gather ; which
seeing, Prior John sounded his trumpet to call
his men aboard, and by that time it was day.
Then six arche:s which kei)tthe watch followed
Prior John to the sea and shot so fast that they
beat the galley men fnmi the shore, and Prior
John himself waded to the foist. [The bold
prior himself was shot with an arrow in the
face ; and he offered an image of himself, with
the identical arrow sticking in the waxen check,
in gratitude to our Lady at Boidogne for saving
his life by miracle. — Knioiit's Eno., vol. 2, ch.
17, p. 274.
936. CLERGY, Neglect of the. Sirinl Erilx.
In the beginning of the eigliteenth century, and
long after, wesecnostruggh' against great social
evils on the part of the clergy. Every attempt
at social reform was left to the Lcgi.slature,
which was utterly indifferent to those manifes-
tations of wretchedness and crime; that ought
to have been dealt with by the strong hand. —
Knioiit's En(i., vol. ,'), ch. 4, p. 60.
937. CLERGY, Patriotic. Siege of Paris. Tlie
Normans aiijilied the battering rams to the walls,
and effected a breach, but were bravely beat off
l)y the besieged. The venerable IJishop Gosse-
lin, iin honor to his character and profession, re-
paired everv day to the ramparts, set <i]) there
till! standard of tlui cross, and, after bestowing
his benedictions on tlu; i)coj)le, gallantly stood
at their head, armed with the battle-axe and ciu-
rass ; but the worthy i)relate died of fatiirue in
the midst of (he siege. (About A.I). S4."). ] — Tyt-
i.Kii's Hist., i'.ook (i, ch. 0.
93N. CLERGY, Political. Kii'jlixh. | In 1710,
during the fiercest jiartv strife, the rcluiii of a
Tory ])rei)onderance in I'arllament was allribut-
ed hv Dr. Hurnet to the elTorts of the clergy.]
Hesides a coiM'sc for some months, of inflaming
sermons, thev went al)out from house to house,
])re.ssing their i)e()i)l(; to show, on this grejit oc-
casion, their zeal for flu; Church, and now or
never to .save it. — Knioiit's Eno., vol. .'5, ch.
24, p. !J(i4.
939. CLERGY, Poverty of. lieign of Chm-les
IT. In general, tlie divine who (|uit;ed ids chap-
lainship for a beneiice and a wife found that
he had only exchanged one cla.ss of vexations
for another. Not one living in tifty enabled
the incumbent to bring uj) a family comfort-
ably. As children multiplied and grew, the
hou.sehold of the priest became more and more
beggarly. Holes a[)peare(l more and more plain-
ly in the thatch of his parsonage and in his sin-
gle ca.ssock. Often it was only by toiling on his
glebe, by feeding swine, and by loading dung-
carts, that he could ol)tain daily bread ; nor did
his utmost exertions alwajs prevent the baililTs
from taking his concordance and his inkstand
in execution. It was a white day on which he
was admitted into the kitchen of a great house,
and regaled bv the servants with cold meat and
ale. Ilis children were brought up like tho
children of the neighboring peasantry. His
boys followed th(! plough, and his girls went out
to service. Study he found impossible, for tho
advowson of his living would hardly have soW
for a sum suliicient to i)urchase a good theolog'
ical library ; and he might be considered as un-
usually lucky if he had ten or twelve dog-eared
volumes among the j)otstuidi)anson his shelves.
Even a keen and strong intellect nught be ex-
pected to rust in .so unfavorable a situation. —
Macaulay's Eng., ch. 3.
940. . Fifteenth Centnri/. Tho
highest payment for a i)arish priest was 9 marks
— £(]. The artifiv ;'r, at fourpence a day, earned
about as mudi as the parish priest, to suttice for
his board, api)arel, and other necessaries, [a.d.
14.")0-148.").]— Knioiit's Enc, vol. 2,ch. 8. p. 125,
941. CLERGY, Profligate. Eif/hteenth ('n,fiiri/.
The indecorum, if not the profligacy, of a large
number of the p]nglish clergy, for a i)eriod of
half a century, is exhibited by too many con-
temporary witnesses to be considered as the ex-
nggcration of novelists, .satirical poets, travel-
lers, and di.ssenters. Ridicule, pity, indigiiiition,
produced little or no change for more than a
generation. . . . What shall we say to the testi-
mony of Dr. Knox, head-master of Tunbridge
school ? " The public liave long remarked with
indignation, that some of the most distinguished
coxcombs, drunkards, debauchees, and game-
sters who figure at the watering-places and all
public places of resort are young men of tho
!
i!
112
CLEKiiY-CLIMATK
sacerdotal order. " What to tin; " slii'plicrd" of
CriiblK' ?
" A joviid youth, who tliinks Suiidiiy task
Ah much us (}od orinancaii I'airly asU. . . ."
rAdvcrtisciMcnls like the l'olh>\viii;j: wci'c imh-
tishcd :| " Wanted a curacy in a ,unod sporiiui^
country, Avhcrc tlic duly is li^i'h; luid the neiirh-
liorhood convivial." . . . |i{ev. Dr. AVarner, a
]io]iu!ar preacher,] desires Lord Selwyn to send
luni " the niaifii/ine, witli tii(^ delicate amours of
liie nol)le lord, .viiieli must. i)e very diverlini,^"
lie describes a diiuier witli two friends : " \\'e
have just parted in a toh'rahle state of ir.sensi-
!)iii1y to tiie ills of life." " I liav(! been preach-
infi; tins mondnir, and am jroiiii^ to dine — where ?
— in th(^ afternoon. We shall l)olt llie door and
(but, Jnisli ! .softly ! let mv. whisper it, for it is
u violent secret, and I shall be blown to th(!
devil if I blab, as in tins house we are Noah and
lu.s jirecise familv) — jilay cards." — Kmuut's
Eno., vol. 7, ch. (1, p. lO'J.
912. CLERGY rejected. Ivchnul. Q\ieon Eliz-
nlx'th . . . established the Protestant Episco-
pal (;hure]i [in Ireland]. Tlic Anglican prel-
ates and priests, divide(l from the Irish by the
insuiierable barrier of language, were quartered
upon tlie land, shepherds witliout sheep, pastors
witlioiit people ; strangers to the inhabitants,
wanting not them but theirs. The churdies
went to ruin ; the lienefleos went to men who
were held as foreigners and heretics, and who
liad no care for the Irish but to comjjel them to
pay tithes. The inferior clergy were ... as im-
moral as they were illiterate. — Bancuoft's U. S.,
vol. 5, ch. 4.
943. CLEEOY, Secular, linnnins. This di-
vision of the Indian castes is characteristic of a
very singular state of society. The four princi-
pal ca.stes, or tribes, are the bramins, the sol-
diers, tlie husbandmen, and the meclianios. The
branuns, as we have already observed, are the
priests, who, like the Roman Catholic clergy, are
some of them devoted to a life of regular disci-
pline, as the different orders of monks ; and
others, like the secular clergy, mix in the world,
and enjoy all the freedom of social life. — Tyt-
leh's lIisT., Book 6, ch. 23.
944. CLEEGY, Selfish. The Pope's. In 1343
the commons petitioned for the redress of the
grievance of papal appointments to vacant liv-
ings in despite of the rights of patrons or the
Crown ; and Edward formerly complained to the
pope of his appointing " forcitrners, most of
them suspicious persons, who iinot reside on
their benettces, who do not know the faces of the
flocks intru.sted to them, wlio do not imderstand
their language, but, neglecting the cure of souls,
seek as hirelings only their worldly hire. " In yet
sharper words tlie king rebuked the papal greed.
" The successor of the apostles was set over the
Lord's sheep to feed and not to shear them."
The Parliament declared "that they neither
could nor would tolerate such things any longer;"
and the general irritation moved slowdy toward
those statutes of provisors and prapmunire which
heralded the policy of Henry VIII. — Hist, of
Eng. People, t^ 821.
945. CLEBGY, Sleepy. Contagions. Bishop
Burnet says . . . the main body of our clergy
has always appeared dead and lifeless to mc, aii<l
instead of animating one another, they seem
rather to lay one aslee)). Kmoiit's En(1., vol.
.I, ch. 4, p. hi).
910. CLEEGY, Taxation of. Frnmr. Boni-
face VIII., elected \w\)v. in the year 1294, was
one of the most assni-dng prelates that ever fillei
the iiontifical chair; yet \y. found in Philip
I IV. I the Fair of France a n^ui determined to
hundile Ids pride and arroganci!. Pldlip resolved
to make tlie clergy of his kingdom bear their
j)roportion in furnishing the i)ublic supplies as
well as the other orders of \\w state. Th.e popu
resented this as an extreme indignity offered to
the Church, and issued his jiontitical bull com-
manding all the bishops of France to repair im-
mediately to Home. Pluli]) ordered the bull to
be thrown into tiie fire, and .strictly prohibited
any of his bishops from stirring out of the king-
dom. He repaired, however, himself to Rome,
and threw the yo\w into jirison ; but being 8(K)ii
after obliged to (|uit Italy, Boniface regained hia
liberty. — Tyti-eii's Ilisi'., Book 0, ch. 11.
9 IT. CLIMATE, Chancres of. Haly. In the time
of Homer the vine grew wild in the Island of
Sicily, and most probably in the adjacent conti-
nent. . . . A thousand years afterward Italy could
boast, that of the fourscore most generous ancl
celebrated wines, more than two thirds wera
produced from her .soil. The blessing was soon
communicated to the Narbonnese province of
Gaid ; but so intense was the cold to the north
of the Cevennes, tliat, in the time of Strabo,
it was thought impo.ssibie to ripen the grapes in
tho.se parts of Ga>d. This ditHculty, however,
was gradually van(iuislied. — Gibbon's Rome,
ch. 2.
94§. CLIMATE changes. Europe. Some in-
genious Avriters have .suspected that Europe was
much colder formerly than it is at present ;
and the most ancient descriptions of the climate
of Germany tend exceedingly to confirm their
theory. . . .' I shall select two remarkable circum-
stances. ... 1. The great rivers which covered
the Roman provinces, the Rhine and the Danube,
were fre(iuently froz.en over, and capable of
supporting the most enormous weights. The
barbarians, who often chose that severe sea.soa
for their inroads, transported, without apprehen-
sion or danger, tlieir numerous armies, their cav-
alry, and their heavy wagons, over a vast and solid
bridge of ice. Modern ages have not presented
an in.stance of a like phenomenon. 2. The rein-
deer, that useful animal, from whom tbe savage
of the North derives the best comforts of his
dreary life, is of a constitution that supports,
and even requires, the most intense cold. He
is found on the rock of Spitzberg, within tea
degrees of the Pole ; he seems to delight in the
snows of Lapland and Siberia ; but at present
he cannot subsi.st, much less multiply, in any-
country to the south of the Baltic. In the time
of Cfpsar the reindeer, as well as the elk and the
wild bull, was a native of the Ilercynian forest,
which then overshadowed a great part of Ger-
many and Poland. The modern improvements
sufflciently explain the cau.ses of the diminution
of the cold. These innuense woods have been
gradually cleared, which intercepted the rays of
the sun. The mora.sses have been drained, and
in proportion as the soil has been cultivated, the
air has become more temperate. — Gibbok's
Rome, eh. 9.
CLIMATK— CI-OTIIINO.
113
019. CLIMATE vs. Character. Saimul .hihn-
inn. \V(3 liiid iinotlicr evciiiii;,' l>y ourHt'lvos at
the TMitro. It liiipiu'iiiii^ to lie ii very riiiiiy
iiiijlit, I iiiiulc some foiiiiuDiipliicc ohsi'rviilidiiH
on tlu! rclfixiitioii of iicrvL's and depression oi'
spirils wliieli siieli %veatlier oeeasioned ; addiiii,',
however, lliat it wasijood lor (lie ve,i.'''lalile crea-
tion, .loliiison, \vlio denied that the temperature
of the air had any inllneneeon tiie lnim;; i fi-aine,
answereil, with a smih' of ridieuie, " Why, yis,
sir, it is ^iiod for ve!X''lidih's, and for the animals
wiio put tii(i.s(! veiretaliles, and for tiie animals
wiio eat those animals." Thisoliservation of his
aptly ciionuh introduced a yood sujjper. — 15os-
wi;i,i/s .Johnson, p. Ii7.
950. CLIMATE, Character by. Xor//icni. [Diir-
iii.ii tlie rise of the Komaii Kmpire,] in all levies,
a just ])reference was uiven to the climates of
the North over those of the South. — GiiutoN'rt
l{()Mi;, ch. 1.
051. . Jfcwli/tions. A ])lain in
tlu! (, 'hine.se Tarta-y, only ei.i^hty leatjues from
the ujreat wall, was found hy th(! missionaries
to he three thousand geometrical paces ahovi;
the level of the sea. ]Montes(|uieu, who has
used and abused tin; relations of travellers, de-
duces the nsvohitions of Asia from this important
circiMiistance, that heat and cold, weakness and
strength, touch each other Avithout any temper-
ate zone. — NoTii IN GimioNs Komi;, ch. 2G.
952. . LnpliindcrK. The consan-
guinity of the Hungarians and Laplanders woidd
display the powerfid energy of clinnito on the
cliildren of a common parent ; the lively contrast
lietween the hold adventurers w'ho are iuto.xicat-
ed with the wines of the Danube, and the wretch-
ed fugitives who are immersed beneath the snows
of the polar circle. Arms and freedom have been
the riding, though too often the tuisuceessful,
liassionof the Hungarians, who are endowed by
nature with a vigorous constitution of soul and
body. E.vtreme cold has diminished the stature
and congealed the faculties of the Laplanders ;
and the Arctic tribes, alone among the sons of
men, are ignorant of war and unconscious of
hmnan blood ; ahai)])y ignorance, if reason and
virtue were tlu; guardians of their peace !— Giii-
liONs RoMi:, ch. f").
05J{. CLIMATE, Demoralized by. VainhiU. [In
Africa tla^ Roman generalj Jielisarius api)eared :
and he advanced without opposition as far as
UrasHC, a iialace of the Vandal kings, at the dis-
tance of fifty nnles from ('arthage. The weary
Romans indulged themselves in the refreshment
of shady groves, cool fountains, and delicious
fruits ; and the preference which Procopius al-
lows to these gardens over any that he had .seen,
either in the East or West, may be aserilied
either to the taste or the fatigue (Tf the historian.
In three gen(;rations prosperitj' and a warm cli-
mate had dissolved the hardy virtue of the Van-
dals, who insen.sibly became! the most lu.xurious
of mankind. In their villas and gardens, which
jiiight deserve the Persian name of J'<(n((h'n(;
they enjoyed a cool and elegant repose ; and.
after the daily use of the bath, the barbarians
were seated at a table profusely spread with
the delicacies of the laud and sea. Their silken
robes, loo.sely flowing, after the fa.shion of the
Medes, were embroidered with gold ; love and
hunting were the labors of their life, and their
vacant bouts were amused bv pantomimes,
chariot-races, and the music and dances of the
theatre — (iiimoNH Ro.Mi;, eh. 41.
05-1. CLIMATE, Fear of. Tfir Po. r/wx,: \n
their lirst voyage after the dis< overy of Madeira,
they ])asM'd Cape {{oyador, aii I in the space of a
few years, advancing al)ove four hundred leagues
to the south, they had discovered the river Sene-
gal, and all the coast between Cape HIanco and
Cape Verd ; they wcri' now near ten degrees
within the torrid /.one, and were surprised to lluj.
the climate still temiierate and agreeable; yet,
on jtassing the river Senegal, and observing the
human species to assume a ditferent form, the
skin as black as ebony, the woolly hidr, and that
])eeuli,irity of featm'i! which distinguishes the
Negroes, they natmally attributed this to IIkj
intiuence of heat, and began to dread the const--
(jUences of a nearer approach to the line, 'i'hey
returned to Portugal . . . the common voice of
their countrymen dissuaded them from imy fur-
ther attempts. — Tyti,i;ii's Hist., Rook 0, ch. lH.
055. CLIMATE, Injurious. Siuiiud Jiihni*<>n.
It wi'.s a very wet day, and I again comi)lained of
the disagix'eable efl'ects of such weather. .John-
son : " Sir, this is all imaginati(>n, which ph^'-
sicians encourage ; for man lives in air, as a tish
lives in water; .so that if the atmos])here pres.H
heavy from above, ther(,' is an e(iiud r <iManco
from belovv. To be sure, bad weather is hard
upon people who are ol)liged to be abroad ; and
men cannot labor so well in the open air in
bad Aveather as in good ; but, sir, a smith or a
tailor, whose Wi>rk is within doors, will surely
do as much in rainy weather as in fair. Some
very delicate frames, indeed, may be alTected by
wet weather ; but not conunon constitutions." —
Roswi;i,i,H .ioiINSON, p. 12').
05«. CLIMATE, Protf.tion of. Kthioplmifi.
His generals, in tht; early part of bis [Augustus]
reign, attempted the reduction of Ethiopia and
Arabia P\'li.\. Thej' lUiU'ched near a thou.sand
miles to the south of the tropic ; but the heat of
the climate soon repelled the invaders, and ])ro-
tected theunwarlike ntitivesof those .secjue.stered
regions. — UiiUfON's 1{().MI<:, ch. 1.
057. CLIMATE, Sickness from. Pih/rims. Tlie
sjn'ing of 10'21 brought a ray of hope to the dis-
tressed I'ilgrims of New Plymouth. Never was
the returning sun more welcome. The fatal
winter had swept olf one half of the nmnber.
TIk' son of the benevolent Carverwas among the
first victims of the terrible climate. 'I'he gov-
ernorlMm.sflf sickened and died, and the broken-
hearted wife found rest in the same grave with
her husband. Rut now, with the approach of
warm weather, the destroying ])estilence was
stayed, and the spirits of the survivors revived
with tlie .season. Out of the snows of winter,
the desolations of disease, and the terrors of
death, the faith of the Puritan had come forth
triumphant. — Ridi'ATh's U. S., ch. VS.
\ 05!*. CLOTHING, Angelic. SirciJcnbovn. Since
angels are men, and live together in society like
men on earth, therefore they have garments,
; houses, and other things similar to those whicli
I exist on earth, but of course infinitely more
l)eautiful and perfect. The garments of the
angels correspond to their intelligence. The
garments of some glitter as with flame, aud those
114
C'LOTniNG— COINCIDENCE.
of fdlicrs arc rcspli'iidcnt as wiili liiflil ; otlicrMarc
of varioUH colors, and soinc \vliilc and o|)a(|U('.
The anjrcls of tlui inmost hcavcii arc naked,
liccansc llicy arc in innocence, and nakedness
corrcsixnids to innocence. It is liecause fitw-
nients represent stales of \visdr)in tiial they are
HO much spoken of in tiie Word, in relation to
tlic cliiircli and jrood men. — \Viiiii;'s Hwkdkn-
lioKii, |). KM).
»5». CLOTHING, Coitly. /V/wV//^ /u„f/K. The
revenues of wliole i)rovinces, according; to He-
rodotus, \\t\n\ bestowed on tlie attire of tiieir
favorite concubines ; and tlu; ])n)vinces tlien\-
selves took from tiiat circumstance tlu'iri)opu]ar
apjicllations. Plato, in his Al<'il>iades, mentions
a Greek ambas.sador wlio travelled a whole day
tlirou;;:h a country called tlu; (Queen's Girdle,
and another in < rossinu: a jirovincc; which went
by the nanu; of the Queen's 1 lead-Dress. The
reiral throne was of j)ure ^old, overshadowed
by a i>alm tret^ and vine of the same metal, with
clusters of fruit composed of precious stones. —
TvTi.KKs Hist., IJook 1, ch. i>.
060. CLOTHING exchanged, lioman Emperor
El(i;/ii/>i(liin. A long train of concubines, and a
rapid succession of wives, among whom was a
vestal virgin, ravished by force from her sacred
a.sylum, were insutHcient to satisfy the imijotence
of his passions. The master of the Roman world
alTected to copy the dre.ss and manners of the
female se.\, preferred the di.staff to the sceptre,
and dishonored tiie princi])al dignities of the
emi)ire by distril)uting them among his numer-
ous lovers, one of whom was publicly invested
witii the title and authority of the emperor's, or,
as he more i)roperly styled himself, of the em-
press's husband. — Giuhon's Komk, ch. 6.
961. CLOTHING, Prohibited. Protection. The
clamor was so great against India silks and
printed cottons, that after the 29th of September,
1701, the wearing all wrought silks, of the man-
ufacture of Persia, China, or East India, and all
calicoes, printed, dyed, or stained therein, was
absolutely prohibited. If we may believe the
advocates of prohibition, this statute had the ef-
fect of repeopling Spitalfields, "that looked like
a deserted place." — Knight's England, vol. 5,
ch. 2, p. 20.
96a. CLUBS, Ancient. Eoypt. Antony and
Cleopatra est*iblished a society called the " Inim-
itable Livers," of which they were members ;
thej' also instituted another, by no means inferior
in splendor or lu.xury, called " The Companions
in Death. " Their friends were admitted into this,
and the time i)as.sed in mutual treats and diver-
sions. — Pi^uTAUcii's Antony.
963. COEECION, Patriotic, roricx. a. n. 1774.
Two thousand men marched in companies to
the common in Worcester [Ma.ss.], where they
forced Timothj' Paine to walk through their
ranks with his hat off as far as the centre of
their hollow sfpiare, and read a wrifen resigna-
tion of his seat at the [governor's] council-board.
— Banchokt's U. S., vol. 7, ch. H.
961. COIN clipped. Ei,f/lm>d. [In .July, 1G94,
we read] many executed in London for clipping
money, now done to that intolerable extent,
that there was hardly any money that was worth
above half the nominal value. — Knioiit's Eng. ,
vol. 5, ch. 13, p. 1H2.
965. COINCIDENCE, Alarming. Cronnnll. The
('({uinoetial gale, which had commenced on the
preceding day, now swelled into a storm which
swept over England with the elTect of an earth-
(juake. The carriages which conv<'ye(l to Lon-
don the friends of thi" protector, api>rised of Ids
extreme danger, were unable to stem the violence
of the wind, and took refuge in the imis on \\w.
road. Til.! lofly homes of I,ondon undulated
like vessels tossed upon the ocean. Hoofs were
carried olT, trees that had stood for centuries in
Hyde I'ark were torn up by the roots and pros-
trated on the ground, lik(! bundles of straw.
Cromwell exi)ired at two o'clock in th.- after-
noon, in {\w nddsi nf this convulsion of nature.
\\i' departed as he was born, in a teinjiesl. Pop-
ular superstition recoij;ni/.ed a mirachi in this
coincidence, which seemed like the expiring ef-
forts of th(! elements to tear from \\h' and emi)ir(!
the single man who was capable of enduring the
might of England's destiny, and wlio.se decease
created a void which none hut him.self could till.
— Lamahtink's Cuo.mwkij,, p. 77.
966. COINCIDENCE, Comforting. Scren Bish-
ops. [They were imprisoned by James II., be-
cause they woidd not join him in the overthrow
of their cherislie<l Protestant faith.] On the even-
ing of the Black Friday, as it was calh.'d, on
ivliicli they were committed, they reached their
pri.son just at the hour of divine service. Tliey
instantly hastened to the chapel. It chanced
that in the second lesson were these words : "In
all things approving ourselves as the ministers
of God, in much patience, in afilictions, in dis-
tresses, in stripes, m imprisonments." All zeal-
ous churchmen were delighted by this coinci-
dence, and remembered how much comfort a
similar coincicA.-ncc liad given Charles I. at the
time of his death. — Macaulay'b Eng., ch. 8.
967. COINCIDENCE repeated. Thesens. Tlie-
seus, then, appeared to answer to Romidus in
many particulars. Both were of uncertain par-
entage, born out of wedlock, and both had the
repute of being sprung from tlie gods. Both
stood in the first rank of warriors, for both had
great powers of mind, with great strengtli of
body. One was the founder of Rome, and one
peoijled Athens, tlie most illu.strious cities in he
world. Both carried off women by violence.
Both were involved in domestic miseries and
exposed to family resentment, and both, toward
the end of their lives, are said to have offended
their respective citizens, if we may believe what
seems to be delivered with the least mixture of
poetical fiction. — Plittakcii's Romulus.
96§. COINCIDENCE, Strange. AdamK—.Tiffcr-
son. A few days before [John Adams'] . . .
death, a gentleman called upon him and asked
liiin to give a toast, which should be presented
at the Fourth of July banquet as coming from
him. The old man said: "I will give you,
lNnp:PEN»ENC'K FOREVER 1" " Will you not ad(l
something to it ?" asked his visitor. " Not a
word," was the reply. The toast was presented
at the banquet, Avhere it was received with deaf-
ening cheers ; and almost at that moment the
soul of this great patriot pas.sed away. Among
the last words that could be gathered from his
dying li]>s were these : " Thomas Jefferson still
survives !" But Thomas Jefferson did not sur-
vive. On the same Fourth of July, a few hours
COIN'C'IDKNCE— COMHAT.
115
1)i'f(nc, Jcircison hIho (Icnnrtwl tliis lifo. Few
cvt'iitH liuvc ever occiirrcil in tlui L'nitcd SliUcs
more- tliri'lini; to tliu ])('(i|)lo tliiii) the (Iciilh, on
tlic siiinc iiiiiiiviTHiiry of tlio imtioii's liirtli, of
tlii'H(! two iigcd, vciicriiblc, and vciicnitcd publio
BcrviuitJi, — C'Yci.orEniA OK Bkki., p. 178.
9«0. . Hugh Millir. Day liad not
■wliolly disapiM'urcd . , . when I saw at the
open door, within less than a yard of my l)rcast,
a dissevered liand and arm stretched '"it toward
inc. Tlu! hand and arm were evidently tiiose of
a female ; tliciy i>ad a livid and sodden appear-
ance ; and directly frontin;; me, where the l)()dy
oii;;lit to have been, tlieru was only l)lank trans-
parent space. ... I . . . ran shriekinj^ tomy
motluT. . . . Mymothergoin;; to the doorsaw
nothing. . , , Its co'ncideiice with tlie prol)al)le
time of my fatlier'.s death [lie went down in a
Btorm at siia] seems at least curious. — Smii.ks'
UlUKK I3IOOKAIM1IKS, p. H7.
970. COLOB, Caste of. Green— lUup. Thello-
Cnan rare, in its first institution, was a simple con-
gest of two chariots, whose drivers were distin-
guislied l)y whiUmmi red liveri(!S ; two addition-
al c'olors, a light <//w/i and aceruleau W«e, were
afterward introduced ; and, as the races were
repeated twenty-tive times, one hundred chariots
contributed in the .same day to the pomp of tlie
circus. Tlie Umr f(irtion.s .soon acipiired a legal
establishment and a mysterious origin. [Tlu;
struggle of the green and bliu; was suj)i)osed to
represent the coutlict of the earth and sea.] The
sportive distinction of two (lolors produced two
strong and irreconcilalile factions, wliicli shook
the foundations of a feelile government. The
popular dissen.sioiis, founded on the mo.st serious
interest or holy pretence, have scarcely efpialled
the ob.stinacy of this wanton discord, whieli in-
vaded tlie peace of families, diviiled friends and
brothers, and tempted tlic female sex, though
seldom seen in the circus, to espou.se the inclina-
tions of their lovers, or to contradict the wishes
of their husbands. Every hiw, eitlier human or
divine, was trampled under foot, and as long as
the party was successful, its deluded followers
appeared careless of private distress or public
calamity. The license, without the freedom, of
democracy was revived at Antioch and Con-
stantin()])le, and the supiiort of a faction became
necessary to every canclidatc for civil or eccle-
siastical honors. A secret attachment to the
family or sect of Ana.stasius was imputed to the
greens ; the blues were zealously devoted to the
cau.se of ortliodoxy and Justinian, and their
grateful patron protected, above five years, the
disorders of a faction whose seasonable tumults
overawed the palace, the .senate, and the capitals
of the East. Insolent with royal favor, the blues
affected to .strike terror by a peculiar and bar-
baric dress, the long hair of the Huns, their close
sleeves and ample garments, a lofty steji, and a
sonorous voice. In the day they concealed their
two-edged poniards, but in the night they boldly
assembled in arms, and in numerous bands, ])re-
pared for every act of violence and rapine. Their
adversaries of the green faction, or even inoffen-
sive citizens, were stripped and often murdered
by these nocturnal robbers, and it became dan-
gerous to wear any gold buttons or girdles or to
appear at a late liour in tlie streets of a peaceful
oapital. A daring spirit, rising with impunity,
proceeded to violate the safeguard of jirivato
iiou.ses ; and tire was employed to facilitate (ho
attack, or to conceal the crimes of these factious
rioters. No place; was safe or sacred from their
depredation ; to gratify either avarice or revenge,
they profusely spilled the blond of th(! innocent ;
churches and altars were iiollutcd by atrociouH
murders ; and it was the boast of tlu? a.s.sassiiis,
that their dexterity could always inflict a mortal
wound with a single stroke of their dagger. TIk!
di.'i.solute youth of Constantinoph! a<lopted the
blue livery of disorder ; the laws wen; silent, and
the bonds of society were relaxed. — Giuhon's
UoMK, ch. 40, 1). r)H.
071. COLOB, Prejudice of. Portuguese. [The
discoverers of tht! African coast were dissuaded
from extending tlieir discoveries.] It was even
hinted, as a proliable conseipieiice, that the mar-
iners, after jjassing a certain latitude, would bo
changed into blacks, and thus retain forever a
disgraceful mark of their tenierity. — Ci.aukk'h
Phooukss ok Mahitimk Discovkhy.
072. COLOB-LINE in Commerce. fobimhuH.
rile was about to start on his third voyage.]
.Iaym(! Ferrer, an eminent and learned lapidary,
assured ('olumbus that, according to his experi-
ence, the rarest objects of commerce, such as
gold, jirecious .stones, drugs, and spices, were
chielly to be found in the regions about thee(pii-
noctial line, wlKsre the inhabitants were black,
or darkly colored ; and that until the admiral
should arrive among people of such complexions
he did not think he would find those articles in
great abundance. — luviNci's Coll'.mbus, Book
10, ch. 1.
073. COLLEGE va. Capital. Yale. It remains to
be told how ConniH^ticut came to b(( blessed with
two capitals. As .soon as the college was deter-
mined upon in 1700, the question arose, and was
discu.ssed with the energy and heat with which
such questions u.sually are. In what town shall
it be situated ? The institution was begun at
Saylirook, and was not finally established at New
Haven until 1718, which was sixteen years after
the first student entered. This removal, as tlu;
reader may imagine, was keenly resented, not
only by Saybrook, but by other towns which had
hoped to be cho.scni as the site of the college,
particularly Hartford. To reconcile Ilartfonl
to the disappointment, the Legislature agreed to
build a State House there, as they sa.id, " to com-
pensate for theeoUegent j^'ew Jlaren." They tried
to appease Saybrook by voting £2r} sterling for
the use of its .schools. But Saybrook was irrec-
oncilable. When the sheriff, by order of the
trustees, attempted to remove the library to New
Haven, a riot ensued, in the course of which two
hundred and fifty volumes were conveyed away
to parts unknown, and never recovered. — Cyclo-
I'EOIA OK Bioo., p. 593.
074. COMBAT, Pleasure in. liomnns. The
.shows of the amphitheatre rose naturally out of
that taste for martial exercises which we find ia
the first ages ;>f every warlike people. About the
490th year of R()me,"Marcus and Decimus Brutus
pre.seiittd a combat of gladiators for the first timo
at Rome. Aboutacenturj' after that period the
athleta' were introduced for a public .show ; and
there were combats of slaves with bears and
lions. Sylla, during his pnetorship, exhibited a
I combat where 100 men fought with 100 lions ;
II*)
COMMAND— COM MKIUi;
and .Iiiliiis ("d'siir, (luviiiLr liisnililcsliip, pn'scnlcd
umImiw where llicrc t'nii;clil IJtld ((imiiIch ol' j;liiili
JlloiS— 'rVTMlU'r* II 1ST., IliM.k 4, ell. 4.
97 a. COMMAND divided. In nisi,, n ,>fS<-o/l,i,iil.
Some of the Scollisli ciriiiininls, IicmIciI w illi ic
])iilili('Mti ('iitliMsiuNni, mid iillcrly doliliilc i<\' llu'
Hkill iiccc^siirv to till' coiidiicl of tiiciil nlViiiis,
employed all llieir iiidiislry iind 1 ■ '.eiiiiily, iiol
in eoili'clinic iiienns lor Ihe iillMck vvhicli" liiey
vere idioiit loniMkcoii u rorniidiilile enemy , lint
in devisinu; resli'ainis on liieii' leader's powei' and
se<'nrities a;rainsl liK aniliilion. 'liie selt'-eom-
plaeenl slupidily w illi w jiiili they iiiNlsted on or-
pnd/.in;ran army as il' they Imd not lieen oruani/,-
iniriu'ommon Weal III would he iiieredihle IT il hail
not lieen frankly and escn lioasi fully recorded
l)y one of themselves. . . . A ruy le was to hold
the nominal command in Scotland ; lint he was
placed under tla^ control of a (dmmlllee which
reserved to itself all the iiioNt, important jiarls of
the military aihninisti'ation. This eomniillee
was empowered to determine wlicic the e.\|)edi-
tion slioidd land, to ap|)oint ollieers. to superin-
tend the levyiiiLCof troojis. to dole out provisions
and amnuniitioii. All that was left to Iheiren-
eral was to direct the evolutions of the army in
the field ; and ht^ was forced to jironuse tliat,
even in the Held, except in the ease of a surprise,
lie would do nothini,' without Ihe assent of a
<'(iuni il of war. |'i'he enterprise was ii total
iailun.J — M.\(Aii,.\v's Ivno., eh. '>.
9r«. COMMERCE, Benefits of. Ii,:fft.r. The
most ohvious is the general dilTusion of industry.
Amonjj: II commercial jieople ine faculties of
Ixith mind and liody are of neeessily almost eon-
Kfantly employed. Invention is ever on the
Ktretch to discover new sources of jjain. And
the enteriirisiiiii spirit of the more opulent fur-
nishes constant occupation to the mechanic,
tlu; manufacturer, and the laborer. Jn.separ-
al)ly connected . . . is a s])irit of fruirality.
Iticlies have their full vahn; when ])urchased
by the labor of either mind or body, and what
fo.st dear will not be frivolously e.xiiended. . . .
"We ob.sevve the association of the .same (pudities
among the Dutch and the t'liinese. — TYTi.i:it's
lIisT.', 15<i()k 3, eh. 8.
977. . doirniDH'tif. Another iiec-
cs.sary eon.seciiienco of the prevalence of coin-
inerce is a rt'itularity and strictness of tlu^
national police, a sexcrity of the laws with re-
spect to mutual contracts and obligations, and
ji con.se(pient .security in the transactions of in-
dividuals with each other. . . . iScience is like-
wise^ ijreatly indebted to commerce. Thus as-
tronomy, naviiration, jrcneral mathematics, me-
chanics, and indeed, ill sciences snb.servienl to
practical utility are advanced by it. — Tytleh'h
Hist., IJook 8, eh. 8
07S. . H<iUi,,i,l. .\.i). 1581. Their
commerce irathered into their harbors the fruits
of the wid(! world. Produeinii: almost no grain
of any kind, Holland had the best supplied gran-
ary of Europe ; witliout fields of tlax it swarmed
■with weavers of linen ; destitute of Hocks, it be-
came the centre of all woollen niunufaetures ;
and provinces that had not a forest built more
fillips than all Europe besides. — Banckokt's
U. S., vol. 2, eh. 15.
979. . English. A schenio was
propo.sed to the States of Holland upon the
ileatli of the siadtholder, William FI.. for a
union and coalition between the two republics.
It was not relished by the Dutch, w ho welii
better pleased to maintain their own indepen-
deine; and the I'arliiiinenl of Knuland, piipied
al their refusal, in;medialely declared war
iiLrainNl them. The .\iin;/ii/i"ii A'/ was passed,
which proliibiled bneiiiiiers from imporliim- into
Kiiulaiid in their ships any eomiiiodity which
was not the grow Ih or ma nil fact ure of tin ir ow n
country — an ik I which siriiik laavilv auaiiist
the Dutch, iKcailse their ((aiiiliy |iro(luees few,
(oiiimodilies ; and their commeree ciaisislsehief-
ly in being the lac tors of other nations. This
.statute was in another way beiielieial to the;
Knglish, by obliging them to cultivate mari-
time commerce, from which they lia\c derived
the greatest part of their national wealth. In
this war, which was most ably maintained on
both sides— under Mlake, the Knglish admiral,
and Van Tromp and de Hnyter, admirals of the
Hollanders— the Ijiiilisli, on the whole, had u
clear superiority ; Ihe Dutch were cut oil' entire-
Iv from the commeree of the Channel; their
fisheries were totally sus|iende(l, and above IOt)()
of their ships fell into the hands of the Knglisii.
— Tvti.i;k's Hist., IJook (I, ch. lit).
950. COMMERCE, Burdened. Aiiicricni CoL
oiiifs. On the resioiation of monai'chy a severer
liolicy was al once adopted. All vessels not
bearing the Knglish flag were forbidden to en-
ter Ihe I: arbors of New Ivigland. A law of ex
l>ortiition w.is enacted by which all artietis ])ro-
dueed in the colonics and demanded in England
should be shipjied to England only. Such arti-
cles of ])roduetion as the English merchants did
not desire might be sold in any of the ports of
Europe. The law of imiiorfation was ciiually
odious ; such articles as were iircjdueed in Eng-
land should not b(' manufactured in America,
but .should be bought from England only. Free-
trade between the colonies was forbidden, and
a duty of live ])er cent, levieil for the benefit
of the En.urlish kin.g, was put on both I'Xports
and inii)()rts. Human ingenuity could hardly
have invented a set of measures better calculated
to jiroduce an American Kevolution. — KiD-
I'.VTiis U. S., eh. 14.
951. COMMERCE, Enterprise of. Ih'sron n/. Se
bastian Cabot, young, and fired with ambition to
follow the career of Columbus, was jirobably the
prime mover of the enterprise; but the jiafent
granted by the king conferred the reipiisite au-
lliority u|ion " .lohn Kabotlo" and his .sons, Lew-
is, Sebastian, and Sancius. The king took care
not to risk any capital in the jiroposed voyage ;
for llio jiatenl authorized the adventurers " to
sail to all parts, c'ounfriesand seas of the JOast.of
the \Vest, and of the JS'orth, under our banners
and ensign.s, with five ships, etc., iiii"ii tlirir oinib
projii'r CdstH and r/itny<M." The wealthy Bristol
merchant, in all ])robability, furnished the caj)-
ital of the enterprise which gave to England all
her rights in Xorth America ; and that merchant
was not an Englishman. — Cy(I.()1'i:I)I.V()1<'I}iou.,
p. imi
9Si. COMMERCE, Importance of. a.ix 1085.
In .some parts ol Kent and Sussex none but flu;
strongest horses could in winter get through the
bog, in which at every^ step thev sank dee]).
The markets were often inaccessible during sev-
a
( o.MMF.UCK.
117
4>ral innniliH. It Is said tliiil tlic rnilts of the
«'ar(ll were HoliiclimcH sillTrrrd In rill ill one
pliicc, while ill minliifr place dlslaiil only a lew
iiiilcM llie siipjiiy tVII far hIioi'I nl' llie ileiiiaiid,
— .M Acvi i.ay'm I'.Nd., ell. ;t.
0N:». COMMERCE neglected, /v////<^ Willi re
;;ard In any iiilereniii'Me willi oilier naliniis liy
eomiiiei'ce, llie Kirypliaiis had so lillle jreiiiiH nl'
llialsorl, Ihal while llie Ued Sea was let! open In
nil the marilinie iiMlinns wlin chose to IVe-
<pieiil it, lliey would iiol. sillier any of llinsc
I'nrel^ii vessels In enter ail HLrypliaii poll.
They had iin ships of their own, fcM' their eonn-
Irv i)rndiiced no tiiiilier 111 for the e((iisiriiclinn
even nf Hit! small lioals employed in naviifatini;
the Nile, which ohli^'cd them lousehaked earlii
for that jiiirpose, and Homeliines reeds eoviTcd
with varnish. They lield the ,sea in detesta-
tion, from 11 reliifious ])rejiidiee, and they avoid-
ed all intercourse with mariners. — Tyti-ioiih
JIisT., Honk 1, ell. 4.
OMI. COMMERCE, Patriotism of. Aiiicriniii
Itci'olution. [Diirini; thee.xcilemeiit aroused liy
llu^ Stamp Act,! tin; imitorlers of ^'ew York,
nostoii, and l'hila<lel]>liiii entered into ii .solemn
eomi)act, to i)urclias(' no more jfood.s of Great
IJrilain until Ww Slump Act should Ik; repealed.
And the i)eo|)le applauded llu; action of the
inerehants, and cheerfi.'lly denied them.selves all
imported lu.xuries. — Hiui'ATii's U. S., eh. 87.
»«5. COMMERCE, Pioneers of. Phu'iticinnK.
To the Phu'iiieiaiis all aiili(piity has joined in
altrihutinn' the invention of niivination ; or, at
h'iisl, it .seems an aj^reed |)()iiit tliat they were
the earli(!st amoiiij th(! nations of anticpiity who
made voya^^es for the sake of commerce. The
Caiiaanites (for it is hy that iiaiiu^ that the T'Ikc-
incians are known in Scripture) were a power-
ful ])eoi)le ill the days of Ahnihaiu. — Tytijoh's
Hist., Book 1, cli. .i, ji. 4i).
9S6. COMMERCE, Piracy of. /.>/ (Imit IMt-
tiin. A.I). 17.M. France and Enirlaiid were still
at peace ; and their commerce was mutually jiro-
tected by the .sanction of treaties. Of a sudden
liostile orders were i.ssued to all JJritish vessels of
war to take all French ves.sels, privali; as well as
])ul)lie ; and without warnin;j ships from the
French colonics . . . were carried into English
l)orts. — Banckokt's V. S. , vol. A, eh. ».
987. COMMERCE and Politics. Coiitrollhtr/
Gorennnrnt. The progress of Euro]ican eiviliza-
lion had endiiwed commerce with legislative
power. Its councils prevailed in P^ngland,
wiiere it dictated the national jjolicy, prescribed
alliances, and menaced wars. In America the
political intiuencc of commerce sprung, not from
progress, but from symjiathy with the movement
of Europe ; and it wa.s le.ss gloriously content
Avith introducing new maxims of legisfation and
new systems of tinance. — Bancuoft's U. S.,
vol. 3,'ch. 23.
98§. COMMERCE, Precedence of. Surrif/rs.
Wat^T, ever a favorite liighway, is especially the
highway of uncivilized man ; to those who have
no axes the thick .jungle is impervious ; emigra-
tion by water suits .savage life ; canoes are older
than wagons, and ships tlian cliariots ; a gulf, a
strait, tlie sea intervening between islands, di-
vide less than the matted forest. — Bancuoft's
U. S.. vol. 3, ch. 22.
9M». COMMERCi: prohibited. S /m r / ,i n m.
Comnicree was sirictiv prnhiliilcd ; and id-
Ihniigh the territory of liiieeda'innii cnnlaiiied it
eniisidcriible extent of .seacnasl, and alTnrde(!
many e\eellenl harbors, the Spartans allowed
no fnreigners In approach tliiir shores, and had
not a single trading \essel of their own. — Tvr-
1, Kit's llisr.. iJnok 1, eh. 1), p. 1)2.
990. COMMERCE, Revenue of. /lrili.H/i. [.\fl.T
the Americans threw Kiilish tea into iJnslnii
harlini'l i'arliameni made haste In llnd revenge.
On the last day of Maich, 1771, the Moslon I'nrt
Bill was ]iass<'d. It was enaeled that unkind
of inercliaiidise should anv longer be landed or
Hhipjied at the wharves nf "lloston. The ciislnm-
hnnse was rellinved tn Salem, but the people of
that town refused the benetits which were jirof-
fered by the hand of tyranny. The iiihabilant.s
of Marblehead tendered the free use of their
warehouses to the merchants of Boston.— Uiu-
rATii'H r. S., ch. 37.
991. COMMERCE and Science. Di.sfoirn/ »f
Aiiiirifii, .Inlin Cabnl, a N'eiietian merchant
residing in IJrisinl . . . and his son Sebastian
first apiirnaelied the continent which no Euro-
jiean had dared to visit, or had known to exi.sl.
. . . Thus the discovery of oiir cnnlinent was an
exploit of private mercantile ad\eiiture; and
th(^ ])()ssession of tlui new-found land was ii
right vested by an exclusive patent in the family
of a Bristol merchant. . . . Me gave England a
continent, and no one knows his burial-place. —
Banciiokt'h IIiht. U. S., vol. 1, eh. 1.
992. COMMERCE, Spirit of. ,S(/i.v//. One mo.st
natural effect of IIk; comiiiercial sjiirit is a sellish
and interested turn of mind ; a habit of measur-
ingeverything by the standard of ])rotit and lo.s.s,
and a incdominant idea that wealth is the main
constituent both of jniblic and private lia])])ine.ss.
The contrast of character, in this respect, be-
tween the l{onians and Carthaginians, has been
finely remarked by Polybius. " In all things,"
says that judicious writer, " which regard theac-
(|uisition of W( alth, Uw, manners and customs of
the Romans are iidinitely i)referable to tlio.se of
the Carthaginians. This latter ])eople esteemed
nothing to be dishonorabh- that was connected
with gain. Among them money is oj)enly em-
ployed to purchase tlu; dignities and oHiees of
the State ; but all such ])roceedings are capital
crimes at Home." I am afraid that a contrast,
so honorable to the Homans, could only havo
been made with justice in {he early periods of
the rei)ublic ; since we know that without an in-
crea.se of commerce, to which might be attribut-
ed the consc(pient increase of corruption and
venality, those vices had attained to as great a
height toward the end of the republic at Homo
as ever they had done at Carthage. But wealth
ac(iuired by plunder, rapine and iieculation is
yet more corruptive of the manners of a i)eo-
ple than riches ae(piired by merchandise. — Tyt-
leh's Hist., Book 3, ch. 8.
993. . Viitntrlihr. Another effect
of the prevalence of the commercial spirit is
to' depress the nnlitary character of a people,
and to render tlujm indisposed to warlike enter-
l)ri.ses. The advancciment of trade cannot take
]i]ace in anv high degree unless a nation is at
peace with fts neighbors, and enjoys domestic se-
curity. The prospect of that precarious gain
r^
IIH
(•()MMi:i{( i;-( OMMl'MSM,
whicli iirl<«>s from wiirfart' will nut w(i>;li ajrnliiHi
lli<- rcrtaiii uilvanta^'i's wliicli t (iiiinurcf ilitiMs
from a wlatc of peace, 'riie art of war will iml,
therefore, lloiiriHli as a profeHsion mmioii^' m eorii
niireial jieopje, anil llie practice of il will treii
orally he iiiiriisieil lo nicrceiiary troops. Military
rank will lie in low <'sleeni, heeaiise, when jiiir
••haied, il ceases In a frreal <le;:;ree lo he honor
alile. 'I'liiis the ('Mrtliai^nnians, thou^Mi certain-
ly not Inferior hy nature lo the Homans In cour-
a;re anil mililary prowess, were hecoine ho from
hahil anil eiliicatioii. 'I'lie armies of Ihe empire
wcrt! not composeil of Its native Hiihjeets ; they
werc! mercenaries, an. I, therefore, hail no nalii-
riil iilTeclioii for that soil which they were calleil
lodefenil, or that people who were nothinir more
than their paymasters, llenee Ihe si^Mial Infeii
orlly of their armies to the Komaiis, unless when
commaiuled hy ('arthai^inian jrenerals of iii^'h
natural military genius. — Tyti.ku'h IIiwt., Hook
:t, eh. H.
001. COMMERCE, Suooeii by. Dulrh. Amster-
<)am prolilcil hy this ilcclineof commerce on the
Jialtic, anil upon the demolition of Antwerp he
came, as we have already Haiil, the greatest com-
luercial city of Ihe north. Inliahiliiij,' a country
ptined almost entirely from Ihe sea, and e.xlrenie-
ly unfruitful, the Dillch, urf,'ed hy necessity, hy
i\w means of trade alone, and domestic mamifaci-
iire.s, attained to a very hi^'h dcf^rei- of wealth
and splendor. The cotlntry of Holland does not
produce what is suflicient'to maintain Ihe hun
«lredtli i)art of its inhahifants. The Dutch have
no timher nor maritime stores, no coals, no metal,
yet their commerce furnished Ihem with every-
thing'. Their jrranaries were full of corn, even
when the harvest failed in Iho most fertile coun-
tries ; their naval .stores were most ahundani, and
the jiopulousnessof this country, which, in real-
ity, IS hut a hank of barren .sand, exceeded ])ro-
di^'iously that of the most fruitful and most cul-
tivated of the European kinj,^loms. — Tvti.Kii's
Hist., Book 0, ch. IH.
005. COMMUNION with God. OromirHl.
Here aj^ain is ii letter to one of his dauijhters,
when the writer was on hoard the John, on his
expedition to Ireland : " My Deak Daimuitku :
Tour letter was very welcome to me. I like lo
see anythiiif? from your hand ; because, indeed,
I stick not to .say I do entirely love you. And,
therefore, I liope a word of advice will not Ik- im-
we'.come nor unacceptable to thee. I desire
you both to make it, above all thin;jfs, your busi-
ness to seek the Lord ; to be frequently calling
iipim Him that He would manifest Him.self to
you in His Son ; and be listening what returns
lie makes to )o\i, for lie will be speaking in your
ear and your heart if j'ou attend thereunto." —
Hood's Cko.mwkm,, p. 103.
006. COMMUNION by Likeness. John Milton.
The style of ' ' Paradi.se Lost " is then only the nat-
ural expres.sion of a soul thus extjuisitely nour-
ished upon the best thouglits and tinest words of
all ages. It is the language of one who lives in
the companionship of the great and the wise of
past time. It is inevitable tliat when such a
one speaks his tones, his accent, the melodies of
his rhythm, the inner harmonies of his linked
thoughts, the grace of his allu.sive touch, should
escape the common ear. To follow Milton, one
should at least have tasted the same training
through whi( h he put himself, 71 i/uof/m: tflr/-
limn Jini/f ilio. The many caiuiot see II, and
complain thiit the pod is loo learned. 'I'hey
would ha\e .Miilim talk like Mnnyan or William
Cohhelt. whom they unileisland. — .Mil, riiN, iiv
M. i'ATTiso.N. ch. i;!.
OOr. COMMUNION, Unity by. h'^u'—Cnm-
irill. Toilie wiiiiixsot the vounjr (.Quaker againsi
|iriestcriift and war, he replied : ' it is very gnoil ;
It Is Irulh : if //""/ and I were but an hour of a ilav
together, we should Ik- nearer one to Ihe other. '
— Ha.n( iiuKTs r. S,, vol, 'J, <h, 11.
OOM. COMMUNISM, Amerioan. Cohmlnh. The
man who was chii'lty instrumental in organl/.Ing
the London Company was Itarlhulomew (Jos-
nold. . . . Hy the terms of Iheiharter, IhealTaIrs
of the comp.iiiv were to he adminislereil by a
superior counci'l residing In London and an in-
ferior council residing in Ihe <olony [now em-
braeed in N'irginia, Carolinas, and west ward |.
... In the first organi/.ation of the companies
not a single principle of self govermnent was ad-
milted, 'i'lie most foolish clause in Ihe patent
was that which rei|uired Ihe proposed colony or
colonics to hold all property in common for live
years. — Hini'ATM's U. H., ch. 7.
000. COMMUNISM, Equality by. Li/r'irf/iis.
A bold iiolitical enterprise of Lycurgus was ti
new <1. vision of Ihe lands. For he found a pro-
digious ineipiality, the <'ity ovenharged with
many indigent persons who had no land, and
the wealth centred in the hands of a few. De-
termined, therefore, to root out llie evils of inso-
lence, eiivv, avarice, and luxury, and thos(? dis-
tempers ot'a stale still luoreinveteratcMind fatal —
1 mean poverty and riches — he persiuuh'd them
to cancel all former divisions of land, and to make
new ones, in such a manner that they might be
jH-rfeclly eijual in their pos.sessi(>ns and way of
living. A story goes of our legislator, that some
time after returning from a jcairney through this
thilds just reaju'd, and .seeing the shocks standing
parallel and eiiual, hv, smiled and said to some
that were by, " How like is Laconia to an estate
n(!wly divided among many brothers !" After
this he altemped to divide also the movables, in
order to take away all apjiearance of ine((uality ;
but he .soon perceived that they could not bear to
have their goods directly taken from them, and
therefore took another method, counter-work-
ing their avarice by ii stratagem. — Plutaucu's
" LyCL'KCU'B."
1000. . Sparta nn. Agis IV. linil
succeeded to one branch of the throne of Sparta
a short time before Aratus was cho.senpnetor of
the Achaiaii States. This ])rince, a better man
than a wise politician, liad cherished the chimeri-
cal project of restoring the ancient laws of Lycur-
gus, as coiiceiving this the only means of rescu-
ing his country from the disorders induced by
the universal corruption of its manners. But
there is a period when political intirmity has at-
tained such a pitch that recovery is impo.ssiblc ;
imd Si)arta had arrived at that period. The de-
sign of Agis, of course, embraced the radical re-
form of a new division of all the land of the re-
public — a project sufficient to rouse the indigna-
tion and secure the mortal enmity of tlie whole of
the higher class of citizens, and of almost every
man of weight and consideration in his country.
I'he plan was therefore to be conducted with
C()MMINIHM-(()MIM<AINTS.
r.»
lh« KrciifcMt cimllon and wcrwy till miftlclcntly
ripi'ni'd for i'Xcnilli)ii ; but Aj^U wiim Ixlrnycil
)iy IiIm own ('(iiitlilunlH. LroiiidiiH, Ills colli'ii^iif
in the Hovcri'ignty, Inul Iniliilicd ii n-llNli for lux
iiry from liin Asiutlc riliiculiori tit tlic court of
Hcli'ucuM, iind WHH thus ciiNily prrHiiudi'il to liikc
tlio |)iirt of till- riclicst (ili/.cim in oppoNini; tids
violent revolution, which tiirculcncd to reduce ail
raiikn of nun to a l(;vei of i(|uality. . . . After
I'otnjx'llin^ \)iU to tai<e Nlieller in llie Temple
«)f Alinerva, lliey seized the opportuidl y of Ids >ro-
in;;t() llie lialli, and dra^;u:ed him to the common
prison, wheri! a trihunal uf the I'lpliori, sununon-
ed by Ids collea>,fUe Leonidas, sat reaily to Judt'e
him asaStatecrindnal. Me was asked, l)y whose
evil counsel h(! had lieen prompted todistiirli tlii'
laws and jfoveriuneiitof hiscoimtrv '! " 1 need
cd noiKt to prompt me," said tlie [(inii:, " lo act
lis I thouffht rijfht. My design was to restore your
ancient laws, and to p)vern according to the plan
of tlu! exeetlenl [jycurj^us ; and thou^rli I see mv
death is inevitable" I do not repent of my desii^n."''
M'lio Jud;;eH hereupon pronounced sentence of
death, and thi^ virtu(Mis Aj^is was carried fortli
from their presenc(; and inunediat<'ly strangled.
— Tyti,i<:u"h Hist., Hook ',*, cli. T).
1 001 . COMMUNISM, Vioious. Ji.'ti/n of Knl„i,l.
The people were deluded and iidlamed by the
fanaticism of Ma/.dak, who asserted \\w. coni-
iiiunity of women and the (Miualil}' of mankind,
while no ajiljropriated tli<! richest lands and most
lieautiful f(!males to the use of his sectaries.
Miizdak fnot(d annoiuiced himself asareforiiKr
of Zoroastrianism, and carried tin^ doctrine of
lhetw()i)rin<'iples to a much greater heiglit. le
preached the absolute! indilTerencc of human uc-
lion, perfect equality of rank, conunuiuty of
])r()perty and of women, marriages between \\w
nearest kindred ; Ik; interdieted the use; of animal
food, proscribed the killing animals for food, en-
forced a vegetable diet . . . and Mazdak was en-
rolled with Tlioth, Saturn, Zoroa.ster, Pythago-
ras, Epicurus, John, and Christ, as the teachersof
true Gnostic wisdom. — Oiuuon'h 1{omk, eh. 43.
1003. COMMUNISTS, Conipl.^nous. Lnrllim.
[The LevellersJ became conspicuous in Crom-
well's army who declared, "that all degrees of
iiiun slioidn be levelleil, and an ((luality should
1)0 established, both in titles and estates,
throughout the kingdom." — Knioiit's Eno.,
vol. 4, ch. tJ.
1003. COMMUNISTS, Dangeroui. T/<e " F.n:
elUrs " of 1049 were, in a small way, the jireeur-
sors of the " Socialists" of 1849, [Thirty men,
lieadcd by one fornierly in the arm; who called
lumself a Prophet, upi)eared in Surrey, in a sandy
district. They took pos.session of the ground, and
began to dig and dibble beans in tliat planting
time. They said thev shoidd shortly be four
thousand in nund)er ; that they should pull down
park-pales and lay all open. The Prophet was
taken before an omcer of the government, when
he declared that a vision had appeared to him
and said :] " Arise, and dig and plough the earth,
and receive the fruits thereof ;" that their intent
was to restore the creation to its former condi-
tion, but that thev meant to meddle with what
was common and imtilled ; but that the time
was at hand when all men shall willingly come
in and give up their lands and estates, and sub-
mit to this community of goods. . . , Cromwell
Maid to the Council of State, " \<<\\ must make
an < nd of this party, or it will make an end of
you."— Ksnirir's I'Ino,. vol. I, <hs. (I mid 7.
lOOI. COMPARISONS, InTidioui. Fn,»f Ihii/.
Anotlicr olllcer, wlio lloughl he liad linne the
State some service, setting himself up ai:ainst
Thendstocles, and venturing to compare hi'n nw n
exploits with his, he answered him willi this
fable : " There once lia|)pencd a dis|)Uti' lict ween
{hv. J'iiihI (liiji and the (A;// nj'tir (In fnixl. Says
t lie (/</// iij'lir till' J'l lilt, I am full of liusilc and
trouble, whereas, Willi you, folks cnjuy , itt Ihcir
ease, everything ready provided. Vnu say rii;lit,
says \.\\{' J'liiKt (liljl, but if I had not been before
you, you W(»uld not havi' been at all. Si. /mil it
not hint, fur me, tlu u irlnir ironlil f/oii Imn: bun
now f" — Pmt.vucii's " Tiikmistoclks. '
lOOA. COMPASSION, Dlioreditable, .//////>< IT.
Though viniliclive, he was not indiscriminately
vindictive. Not a singli^ instance can be men-
tioned in which he showed a generous compas-
sion to those who liad opposed him lionestly and
on public grounds ; but be fre(|uently spare(l and
promoted tliose whom some vile motive had in-
duee<l to injure him ; for that meanness wliich
marked them out as til implemenls of tyranny
was so precious in Ids estimation, liiat he regani-
ed it with some indulgence, even when it was ex-
hibited at his ow n expense. — .M.vt mi.av's Ivno. ,
ch. 4.
1000. COMPASSION, Female. Inilimi. Pontiiie
reserved for himself the most dillleult task of all
— tlu- captureof Detroit. Hut in tlie liourof im-
|>ending doom, woman's love interposed to save
llie garrison from butchery. An Indian girl of
thciOjibway nation came to Ihi'forl with a pair of
moccasins ^)r Major (JIadwyn, the commandant,
and in ])arting with him manifested unusual
agitation and distn'ss. Slie was seen lo linger at
lh(! stre»!t corner, and the sentinel summoned her
to return . . . after much persuasion . . . slie
revealed the i)lot. (Tlie Indian's treachery did
not succeed.] — liini'.vTii's U. S., ch. ;}.").
1007. COMPETITORS, Ignoble, liomnn Em-
jwror (Irittiiin. Among the various arts which
had exercised the youth of Oratian, he had aj)-
plied himself, with singular inclination and suc-
cess, to manage Ihe horse, to draw the bow, and
to dart the javelin ; and tliese (lualilications,
which might be useful to a soldier, were prosti-
tuted to the viler i)urposes of hunting. Largo
l)arks were enclosed for the Imi)erial pleasures,
and plentifully stocked with every s])ecie.i? of wild
beasts ; and Oratian neglected the duties, and
even the dignity, of his rank, to consume whole
(lavs in tlie vain displav of his dexterity and
boldness in the chase. 'Phe i)ride and wish of
tlie Roman emperor to excel in an art in which
li(! might be surpa.ssed by the meanest of his
.slaves reminded the numerous spectators of tla;
examples of Nero and Commodus. — Giubon's
Ko.MK, ch. 27.
100§. COMPLAINTS, Disregarded. BilUtinr]
Aft of I'firliament. a.d. ITtlU. Samuel Adams
. . . called across the continent to the i)atri()t
mo.st like himself, Christopher Gadsden of South
Carolina. "Tell me, sir," said he of the Billet-
ing Act, "whether this is not taxing the colo-
nies as effectually as the Stamp Act 1 And if so,
either we have complained without reason, or we
T^^^m
.'(»
( i»>l 1*1,1 M KM' ( OMI'IJOMISI;
Imvc Niill rciiHuii Id < ipin|iliilii." -U \.N( iioh"! M
I . S., \n|, (I, (li. '>:.
I4NM). COMPLIMENT, Falia. l!o/„rf n>nn».
I Itnins x\ iii|)iillii/.iil Willi III)' l''n'iirli KciMiMi
runs iliiriiii; tin* war lnlwri'ii l')n;r|iiiii( atul
Kniiii'i'. I 'I'lii- |Hi<'t, wIh'Ii ill Ills i'ii|iM, Imii in
III)' liriii'lii;; (if u I'crtaiii oiplaiii |)I'ii|)iim('(I iis it
loiiMt, ".May our siircos ill ijic pirsciit war lie
|'<|||mI I'i IIic |ii'>lii'i' III' niir i'jiii><i', " 'riic Mtiliii.r
calli'il lijin III aci'iiiiiil - aiiiirl xri'inci! 'iiiinint'iil,
and IliM'iis iiail iti'\l ilay In w lili' an a|iiiliii.''i'tii'
ii'llrr, in (iidcr In a\iii(l tlic li^li nl ruin.-
»SiiAiiirs Ml iiss, ( li, 7.
101 0. COMPLIMENT, Ornoeful. Willi.nn of
Orntnif. I A I'li'r Ijir iilcual inN of .Iiiiiich 1 1, ami
his tli;^'lil, William i aiiir In i.iiiiiliiii. | The law -
yci'H |iai<l llu'ir liiiinaL;i', licailcd liy Mayiianl,
who, at ninety yraiN of auc, wax as alert ainl
clear heaileit as w hen lie sloiiil up in Westiiiinsier
Mall to aeeiise .SiralToril. " .Mr. Serp'aiit," said
the prince, " y<iii iniisi have siirviveij all tin' law-
yers of your siamlinir." " ^'es, .sir," said Ihi- old
man, "and liul for your h'^hness I should have
Mirvived the laws loo." — .M.\(\ri,AV'rt K.NO.,
ch. 10.
1011. COMPLIMENT migapproprlated. Cito.
Calo till' jihilosopher, tlien a yoiin;r niaii, liiit al-
ready celelirale<l for his virtue and jrreatiicss of
mind. Went to see Antioch when I'ompey was
not tlieie. Acconlinif locuslom. he IniNcllcd on
foot, liut his friends accompanied him on iiorse-
hack. When he approaclied the city he .saw it
/rreal nuinlier of peoiile liefore the piles, all in
\\'hile, and on the way a troop of youiii; men
raii;;ed on one si le, and of lioys on the other.
'I'liis pive til" i)hilosoplier iiain, for he llioii;;hl
if II compliment i'lteiided him, w liicli he did not
want. However, h" ordered his friends toali^dil
and walk w'th him. As soon as they wen- near
cn()ii;;h lo lie H|)(ikeii with, the master of Ihc cer-
<'monies, witli a crown on his hca<l and a stalF
<if (illlce in his hand, <'aiiie up and asked them
uhcre they had left. Demetrius, and when he
mi;.'!!! lie ex])ci'led. ( 'ato's c(im|)anions laiiirhcd,
])Ui, Ciito .said only, "Alas! poor city," and so
pKsscd on. — I'l.rr.Mtcii.
■ lOI'i. COMPOSITION, Hasty. Samn,} .h.hnmn.
He liad, from the irritaliility of his constitution,
111 all times an iin|»atienco and liurry when lie
cither rrad or wmtc. A certain api)reh( ,isioii,
nrisin;jC from novelly, made him Avrite '.is Ihsi
i'.vercise at c(illei;e twice over ; liut he r.> .( ••look
that troiililc witii any other compo-i)' i ; and
his most excellent works were slriiil. ilT at a
heat, with rapid e.vcition. — I}(iswi';i,i .s .Ioii.n-
BON, ]). II.
IOi:i. COMPOSITION, Labor of. ^\■,mhl^or^h.
r.\ I). iHlKi. I I do not know from what cause
It is, hut diirin;; the last three years I have never
liad a i)en in my hand for live minutes bcfon!
my whole frame liecomes a hundle of iiiv. isiuess ;
11 perspiration starts out all over me, and my
chest is oppres.sed in a manner which 1 caniKit
ilescrihe. " — Mvku's WouDswoiiTir, ch. 1.
lOI I. COMPOSITION, Method in. ,l,hn Mil-
ton. J5ed, witli its warmth and recumhcnt post-
ure, lie found favorahlo to compo.sition. At
other times lie would compose or prune his
verses ti.s h(! walked in the pirden, and then,
coming in, dictate. His verse was not at the com-
mand of his will. Sometimes he woiihl jiy
awake the whole iil^lit, lr\inu Inil iiiiahle to
make a nIiikIc line. ,\t other times lines Ijoweil
without premeditiitioii, "with a certain impetii-t
and lesiio. ' His vein, he said, llowed oiilv fmiii
the vernal to the aiilnmiial e(pilno\, iMiilllps
here transposes the seasons, thoiiLrh he has jire-
served tlieaiilheniie fjtct of inlerinitli nt inspira
lion. It was the H|irini; which restored to .Mil-
ton, as it has to other poets, the liuoyalicy nee
cssary to composition. What lie comiKised at
nlirht he dictated in llie y\\\\: , sImIiil; olillipiely
in an elliow chair, wllh his liir Ihiown over thii
arm. He would dii tale forty lines, as It wcreiii
It hreatli, and then reduce them lo half the niiin
III"' .Mii.iuN, nv .M. I'v iTisoN, ch, VI.
ion. COMPOSITION, Swift. \\\<\;rhii .V-.r,/^.
" 'i'lie liisi two Volumes," savs Scott, in a Idler I o
Mr. .Moirltt, " w.«re wrillen in three \,ceks." . , ,
If that Is not cMempore writing;, it is diMlciilt
to say what extempore writing' is. Ihil in truth
there is no evidence that any one of llie novels
was laliored, or even so much as carefully coin
pos<'d. Scotl's method of comiiosilion was al
ways the .same ; and, when writiii;; an iiiia;;ina
live work, tlie rale of projrress .seems lo have
heeii pretty even, dt pending,' much more on the
tihsence o| disiiirliin;; cii;ra;,'emenls lliaii on any
mental IrrcLruiiirity, The morning was alwavs
his lirightesi lime; liut morning or evening. In
counliy or in town, well or ill, writing with his
own lienor dictating loan amanuensis in the
intervals of screamiiiL; tits du<' to the torture of
cram|i in the stomach, Scoit spun away at his
imaginiiti.e weli almost as evenly as a silkworm
sjiinsat its golden cocoon. Nor can I detect the
slightest trace of any dilTerencc! in (pialily he
tween tlie slories, such as can he reasonalil.v
ascrihed lo comparative care or liasle. — Hi/r
'I'on's Scott, ch 1').
101 <k COMPOSITION and Toll. Unhn-llhn-n*.
The farmhouse of .Mossgiel . . . consisted of
only two rooms, a hut and a hen, as they were
called in Scotland. Over these, reached hy a
trap stair, is a small garret, in which Uohert and
his hrother iised to sleep. 'I'hither, when he had
returned from his day's work, the poet used to
retire, and seat himself at a small deai-talile,
lighted hy a narrow skylight in the roof, to
transcrihe the verses which he ha<l coinpo.sed in
the fields. His favorite time for composition
was at the i)lough. — Siiviiii-'s Hikns, ch. 1.
lOir. COMPHOMISE, Failure of. Mixnovri.
\\\ .January of IH.H Senator Steph<n A. Doug-
las brought before the Senate ... a proposition
to organize tlu; territories of iCansasand Nebras-
ka .. . providing that the ix'ople of the two ter-
ritories, in forming their constitulioiis, nhoiild t/i-
ridt'for (hfiiwclirx whether the new States should
be free or slave-holding. This was ti virtual re-
])eal of the Mis.souri ('omi)romise, for both the
new territories lay north of the parallel of thirty-
six degrees and thirty minutes, 'i'lius by ii sin-
gle stroke the old settlement of the Slavery ques-
tion was to be undone. From .lamiary till jVIay
Mr. Douglas' ri'port, known as the Kan.sas and
Nebraska bill, was debated in Congress. All the
bitter sectional antagonisms of the past were
arou.sed in full force. [It was passeil and signed
in 3[ay by the President.] — Kiui'ATH's U. S.,
ch. GU.
roMI'UnMlSK-CoNCKIT.
131
101 M. OOMPROMItE.Qualifloktioufor. Tfiow.
iM ('nuniii r. 'I'lii' iiiiiii who liHik lliit lilcf |)Ui't in
Mi'lllint; III)' ('i)iiilitliiiiN of tliculliiiiK'i' wlii< h |ir<i
ilticcil till' Aiiu'l'<'i)>> Cliiinli VMis 'riiiiiims ( 'niii'
mrr. Ill- WilH llic rrprrHcilliltivc nf lM)t|| ptirtlrs,
wllli'll, lit lliiit, llmi', llrrili'd I'licli iitlii'r'.M iinmImI
UIM'C, III' Wlisilt IIIIIT II llivhli' Mill! 11 xtlttl-HIIIMII.
. . . IIIh ii'iiiiK'r iiiiil IiIh iiiiili'iMtiiiKliiit; »')<>i
llf'Dtly tlllnl liilll In iirt IIH II lllcillillnr. Htlilllly
ill Ills prnti'isimis. niis('t'ii|Miliiiis In IiIk (ii'iiliii(;N,
'^I'lllllllM till' lllltllilli;, IhiIiI III N|H'('lllMllnll, li CIIW
iirtl iind II liiiii' NiTvrr in action, it iiliiialilt' riiciny
niid II liiUrwiirni I'rirnd, lir wiim in cvrry way
(|UhII||<'i| til iirranu'c the tiTins nt' llir cnidllinn
lii'twi'i'ii till* rrllKi'Xi'^ o'xl wiirlilly cnrnilcH of
popdy. M A< Ai i.av'h Kmi., ell. 1.
loi». COMPROMISE rejected. . I ///•//>// w t/ir
,/i/n/. Miii'diiniiis, iiiiiw iilisiiiiiilin^ Ills itnnirn^r
fol'ci', Nt'i ni'd lo liavr ^ri'nilrr liopi'H of I'lTMiall
Kold lliiiii I'i'i'sliiii valor. He allnnpti'd li> cor-
nipt till' Allii-niaiis liv nfTi'i'in;; tliriii tlio <'i)tii-
inaiiil of nil On'i'cr, if lliry would dcsiTt, the
<'oidVd('nii'y of (lie united hliitcs. Arislidcs vvas
tiicn ai'clion ; lie aiiNWiTrd, that vsliili' tlir hum
liitid llscoui'sr ill tli(^ tiriiiaini'iit Ilir I'l-rHiaiiH liad
niilliin^ to expect fl'oiu the AtlieniaiiH liul inor
lal mid I'ti'i'iiMl eiiinity. Ho inucli did lie liere
HiN'iik till' sense of liJH counli'vineii, that, a single
citi/.eti haviiiLMiioved In the puliiic assM'tiilily that
tlie I'ersiiin (lepulies»<1iould lieidlowed toexplahi
tln^ir propoMiili, wiiH iiiHliinlly stoned to deutli. —
'rvri.KUH lliKi. , Ituok "J, ell. I.
l<hM>. OOMPBOMIBE, Settlement by. Shmrii.
(Ill 1H2<I| Senator 'riiomas, of Jllinois, made a
motion [ill ( 'on.irresM I that lieiicefoi-th unci forever
Hlavery Hhoiild lie excluded from all that part of
tli<^ Louisiaiiii cesHlon — Missouri excepted — lyiii>r
north of the parallel of thirty-six de/^'reeK and
thirty niimites. Hueli was tlu! celeliraleil Mis-
Hourl C'ompromiH<\ one of the most important
iictH of American le)j;isliiti(>n — ii meaHurc chiellv
Hiipporled liy tli(i jienius and carried tlir(iu>,'li
Congress hy tlie |M'rsistent elTorts of Jleiiry Clay.
. . . Hv this compromise the Kiavery airitation
was allayed till 1S41>. — KiDi-AriiH I'.'S,, Cli. T/J.
lOiil. OOMPBOMISE on 81&very. Fi'dcral
Ooverii Ill/lit. 'I'lie com|iromises on tlii^ Slavery
ouuation, inserted ill Ihi; ( Constitution, were amonj;
tlu! essential conditioiiH upon wliicli the Federal
OovTriiment \vaHor;.^aiii/,ed. If the African nhive
trade had not been itermitled to continue for
twenty years— if it had not heen conceded that
three fifths of tlu; hIiivch should lie counted in
theapportioiimont of rei>resentatives in C'onjxress
— if it liad not heen a.L'reed that fujxitives from
their service should lie returned to their owners,
the Thirteen States would not have lieenalile, in
17H7, "to form a more perfect union." — 1J|.AI^'K'^^
TVVKNTY YkAKH IN tloNOUKSS, p, 1.
lOi^i. COMPBOMISE, Temporizing. <)iinill>u.-<
lUll. Jlenry Clay ajipeared as peacemak(!r. . . .
OuIIk! ilth of May he l)rou;i:lit forward as a com-
promise covering,' all the points in di.spute [re^^ard-
ing Hlavery] the Omnilius Hill, of whi(;li the
provisions'were a,s follow.s : l.st, the admission of
California a.s a free State ; 2(1, the formaM(m of
now States, not exceeding four in number, out
of the territory of Texas, said vStates to permit
or exclude slavery as the jx'oplo should doter-
miiK! ; 3d, the organization of territorial govern-
ments for New Mexico and Utah, without con-
ditions on the (|iieHtloii of (tliivery ; llh, the !•>«•
lalilislimi'iit of the prcHcnt lioiindary iM'twetii
Texas and New .Mexico, and lli-- puymeiil to the
fiirnier, for surrenderlni.( the latter, the sum of
i|ll<l,(HH),«NM) from the iialioiiid treasury ; nth.
the enactment of a more rlu'oroiiN law for the
reco\ery of fugitive sliixeH; (Itll, the alKilltioii
of thcNlave trade In the District of Coluin-
lilii. . . . The piiHsatre of the ( tiiinlliuM Itill liroughl
;("//V/('i(/ (|uiei, liiil the moral convlclioiiH of very
few men Were altered liy its provisions. I'lilillc
opinion remained as liefore : in the Xoitli, ii
general, Indellnite. Iiul grow liiL' liosilliiy to sla-
verv ; in tin' South, a ll.xed and resi "
lie plirjioso
ioli.-llll..
to defend and extend that liistltuli
i-ATHH r. S., ell. ts\).
IO!i:i. CONCEAI.MEKT guarded. .\/.i/,"m.f.
Ills dentil \Mis t'esoKeil, and they iiLrreed that a
sword from each trilie slioiild he liuried in hi-^
heart, to divide the guilt of his hlood, and liiillte
the vengeance of the I laslielnites. .\n angel or
a spy revealed their conspiracy, ami (I '. ,.i wiim
I lie only resource of .Mahomet. ,\l the.li-., of
night, accompanied hy his friend .MiuheKei, iiu
silently escajied from his house; the as.sa.sHli s
walchi'd at the door, hut they were deceived liy
the llgure of AH, who reposed on the IkiI, and
wa.s <'overed with the ^reeii vestment of tlio
apostle. . . . Three diiys Mahomet and his com
panions were concealed in the cave of Tlior, at.
the distance of u leai;ue from Mecca ; and in
the close of each evening tliev received from the
son and daughter of Aliuhekera secret supply
of intelligeme and food. Tin- diligence of tho
ixorelHli explored every haunt in the neighlior'
hood of the city ; they arrived at he eiilranci)
of the cavern, liut the provident ii'.l deceit of ii
spider's Well and a pigeon's nest is supposed to
convince tliem that tiie place wan solitary and
inviolate. " We are only two," said the Irem-
liling Ahuheker. " There is a tliird," replied tint
proiJiet ; "it is Ood Himself." — Giiuiom'b Ma-
UOXIKl", |t. It.").
10>J4. CONCEALMENT, Unpleasant. /^</"-
tuiiiid. The great army of the crusaders was
Hiiniliilated or dispersed ; the principality of
Antioch was left, without a head, liy the siir-
jiri.se and cai)tivity of Hohemond. ... In his
distress Iioheinond eml)rac<'d a magnanimous
resolution . . . of arming llie West against tho
MyzantiiK! Kmiiire. . . . His ei.'liarkation was
clandestine ; and, if we may ciedit a tale of the
Princess Anne, he jiassed the hostile ,sea closely
secreted in a <(itrui. — (Jiiuion's Ho.mi;, ch. Wd.
1025. CONCEIT, Changeless. Ciirro. "What
does Cu'sar siiy of my poems V" hi' wrote again.
" He tells me in one of his letters that \n\ has
never read better (ircek. At one place he writes
\'n\h'ui,i7tfia [somcwhiit careless]. This is his
wcini. Tell me llie truth. Was it the matter
which (lid not please him, or the style V" " Do
not be afraid," he added, Avitli candid sim])licit v ;
" 1 shall not think a hair the worse of myself."
— Fuoi'm''.'s (,'.KSAK, ch. IH.
1026. CONCEIT, Foolish. Xir-rcs. [His bridge
of boats across the si raits of the Dardanelles being
destroyed by the sea, J he commanded two jniirs
of chains to be thrown into the sen us if to shacklo
and contine it, and his men to give it three hun-
dred strokes of a whip, and thus addres.sed it :
" Thou troublesome ancJ unhappy element, thus
"'
122
CONCEIT— CONDUCT.
docH tliy miiHtcr cliiistise tlicc for Imviiijj affroiit-
t'd liiiM witlioiil reason." [Hi! also took lliciiiaii-
iigcr.H' lifads oIT.J^Kolmn, vol. 1, cli. 0.
lOar. CONCEIT, Literary. Thomas Pubir.
TlioiiuLS PaiiK! . . . a.ssork'd tlmt if he luid tlio
jKiwer, li(( would destroy all tho books in e.xist-
I'lico, which only iiropa^^iitod error, and ho would
reconstruct a new system of i<lea.s and princi-
ples, with his own " idghlsof ^Ian"a.s its founda-
tion. — Knkiiit'h Eno., vol. 7, ch. 11.
1028. CONCEIT, Silly. Ji./w.'i. Having cut
n canal througli the mountain for his ships, he
said: " Athos, thou ]>roud and aj;piring moun-
tain, that liftest up tliy head unto the heavens,
I advise tluu! not to he so audacious as to put
rocks and stones which cannot he ('Utin the way
of my worknu'n If thou givesl them that op-
jio'sition, I will cut thee entirely down and throw
thee headlong into the sea.' — Hui,i,in, ch. 0,
J). 250.
1O20. CONCESSION, Dangerous. 7h Tnlxinrn.
The consuls a.sseml)led the jX'oplc, and attempted
to justify the Senate ; but being constantly in-
terrupted by the tribunes, they could not make
themselves be heard. They urged, that the tri-
bunes having only the liberty of oi)i)osing, ought
to be silent till a resolution was formed. The
tribunes, on the other hand, contended that they
liad the same privileges in an assem])Iy of the
people that the consuls liad in a meeting of the
Senate. The dispute was running high, when
one of the consuls rashly .said, that if the tribunes
had convoked the assembly, they, in.stead of in-
terrupting them, would not even liave tak(>n the
trouble of coming there ; but that the consuls
liaving called this a.ssembly, they ought not to
be interrui)ted This imprudent speech was an
acknowledgment of a power in the tribunes to
convoke the public iissemblies — a power which
they them.selves had never dreamt of. It may
be believed that they were not remiss in Ifiying
hold of the concession. They took the whole
jieople to witne.'ss v/hat had been said by the con-
suls, HTid an a.sseml)ly of the peo])le was sum-
moned by the tribunes to meet the next day. —
Tytleh's IIiHT., Book ii, ch. 4.
1030. OONCILIATION by Favors. Popidar-
ity. [When Aimeof Austria came to the regen-
cy of France,] in her anxiety to conciliate all par-
ties, she cojumenced by granting them almost
v.hatever they demanded. The " Importans,"
charmed by lier condescension, imagined that
they were henceforth to carry all before them ;
mul the witty I)e Ret/, declared that for two or
three months the whole French language was
comprised in live little word.s — " the (lueen is so
good !" These, however, were transient illu-
sions. — Sti'dknts' Fu.vnxk, ch. 20, ^ 1.
1031. CONCILIATION, PoUcy of. Ca-mr. He
wished to hand over his conquests to his success-
or not only subdued, but reconciled to subjec-
tion, lie invited the chiefs of all the tribes to
come tc him. .'le spoke to them of the future
which lay open to them as members of a splen-
did Imperial State. He gave them niagniticent
l>resents. He laid no inniositions either on the
leaders or their people, and they went to their
homes personally devoted to tlieir conquer'*-,
contented with their condition, and resolve ' t >
maintain the peace which wiis now established
a u:ii((uc cxiierience in political hi.story. Tho
Norman coikiucsIs of England alf)n(! in the least
resemble it. — FiiofOK's C.i:sar, ch. It).
1033. CONCILIATION vs. Threatening. Ccr-
utir. [Ca'.sar had crossed the Kubicon, and was
marchmg toward Konic.J I'omixy was now
.sensible of his weakness The voice of the pub-
lic ojM'nly ex])rcssed an im])alient desire f(jr tho
arrival of Ca-sar, who, on his part, was rapidly
advancing to the gates of Home, when Pomi)ey
(luitled the city, followed by the consuls and
the greater part of the senators. L'nable to cf>l-
lect a suHicient force in Italy, he passed over
into Epirus . . . thence he trusted tliat he would
be sui)plied both with troops and treasure. IJc-
fore sailing from Brundisiiun, he had declared
that he woidd treat all those as enemies who did
not follow him. Caisar, with more wisdom, de-
clared that he would esteem all those his friends
who did not arm against him. — Tvti.ku'sIIist.,
Book 4, ch. 2.
1033. CONDENSATION, Literary. Cirsar.
Ca'.sar turned his arms against Pharnaces, the
•son of Mi'hridates, who had sei>ed the kir.gdom
of Pontus, and meditated, after iii.>. father's ex-
ample, to .strip the Romans of their Asiatic pos-
s(;s.sions. This war he very speedily terminated,
intinuiting its issue to his fri(!nds at Rome iu
three words, V'-'iii, vidi, via', "I came, I saw,
I conquered." — Tytleu's Hist., Book 4, ch. 2.
1034. . Virf/il. He bestowed tho
greatest labor in polishing his writings, his hab-
it being to pour forth a vast (piantity of verses
in the morning, which he reduced to a .small
number by continual elaboration, after the man-
ner — as he .said — of a bear licking her cubs into
shape. — LiUDKi.i/s Romk, ch. 71, § 10.
t035. CONDOLENCE unappreciated. In Pe-
kin. [At a banciuet given by the prince regent,
he noticed General Grant's son.] He then asked if
he was married and had children. Being told
he had one, a daughter, he replied, " What a
pity !" In China female children do not count
in the sum of human happiness, and when tho
jirince exj)re.sscd his regret at the existence of
the genend's granddaughter, he was saying the
mostpolitu diing he knew.— GkneisalGkant's
TnAVEi>s, p. 411.
I036> CONDUCT, Absurd. Sdiniid John/ion.
A phvsiciim being mentioned who had lost his
liractice because his whim.sically changing his
religion had made ]ieople distrustful of him,
I maintained that this was unreasona])le, as re-
ligion is unconnected with medical skill. Joiix-
■soN : " Sir, it is not unreasonable : for when
people see a man absurd in what they under-
stand, they may conclude the .same of him in
what they do not understand. If a physician
were to take to eating of horseflesh, nobody
would employ him ; though one may cat horse-
flesh, and be a very skilful physician. If a man
were educated ia an absurd religion, his contin-
uing to confess it woidd not hurt him, though
his changing to it would." — Boswell's Joun-
so\, p. 284.
1037. CONDUCT, Contradictory. SUelc. He
h"d two wives, whom he loved dearly and
treated badlj'. He hired grand houses, and.
bought fine horses for which he could never pay.
He was often religious, but more often drunk.
CONDUCT— CONFIDENCE.
123
As a man of letters, otlier men of letters wlio
followed liliu, sueii us Timekeray, cmiiM not he
very proud of him. Hnt everylxxly loved him ;
luuf he seems to liave heon the inventor of that
flying liter.ilnre which, with many chanLres in
form and manner, has done so miieli for the
iimusement and editieation of readers ever sine i'
his time. — Tuoli.oi'ks Tii.vckku.vv, eh. 7.
103S. CONDUCT, Dissolute. A Si;//,. A sure
fii<j:n of corrnptiun is to be found in tlie dissolute^
manners which were discoveri'il amonjj; the
■women. There were in Home and many Italian
towns secret societies, in which young men and
women were dedicated to Bacchus ; and under
the cloak of religious ceremony every kind of
license and dehauchery was i)ractised, — Lid-
DEI,l's lioMK, ch. 42, ^ 7.
10;t9. CONDUCT, Scandalous. In ln'nh Life.
Wlien on(( of the waiters at Arthiu''s Cliii) was
committed on a ciiargc^ of felony [Ocorge Selwyii
said, with as nuicli truth as wit], What a horrid
idea he will give of us to the peo|ile in Newgate I
— Knkjiit's E.Nd., vol. 7, ch. G.
1040. CONFESSIONAL, Secrets of the. (Inn-
powder Plot. Henry Garnet, one of the Jesuits
■who wliere concerned in the Gunpowder Plot,
obtained his knowledge of it at the confessional,
and on trial maintained " that he had acted upon
u conscientious persuasion that he was bound to
disclose nothing that he had heard in .sacrament-
al confession." He was executed. — Kniout's
Eng., vol. 3, ch. 21.
1041. CONFIDENCE, Compliment of. Omn:
[His trooiw were intimidated by exaggerated re-
ports of the munber and lierceness of the Ger-
mans.] Confident in him.self, Cicsar had the
power, so indispensable for a .soldier, of in.spir-
Ing confidence in others as soon as they came to
know what he was. lie called his oilicers to-
gether. He sunuuoned the centurions, and re-
buked them sharply for questioning his pur-
poses. . . . Romans never nuitinied, save
througli the rapacity or incompetence of their
general. His life was a witness that he was not
rapacious, and his victory over the Helvetii that
as yet l\e had made nonustake. He should order
the advance on the next eveiung, and it would
then be .seen whether .sense of duty or cowardice
was the stronger. If others declined, Ca'.sar .said
that he .should go forward alone with the legion
■whidi lie knew would follow him, the H)th,
which was already hh- favorite. The speech
was received with enthusiasm. The 10th
thanked Ciesarfor his compliment to them. The
re.st, otHcers and men, declared their willingness
to follow wherever he might lead them. —
Fkoude's C.ks.\k, ch. 14.
1043. CONFIDENCE erroneous. r,oi,ap<trh''s.
[At the battle of Waterloo,] when Napoleon .saw
the English in position . . . he exi'laimed, "At
last I have them ; nine chances to ten are in my
favor !" — Knight's Exo., vol. 8, ch. 2.
1043. CONFIDENCE, Excess of. Major Amlre.
tThe British spy approached Tarrytown,] when
'auldinggot up and presented a firelock at his
breast .... Full of the idea that he could meet
none but the friends of the Engli.sh, lie answered,
" Gentlemen, I hope you belong to our party ?"
" Which party ?" asked Paulding. " The lower
party," said Andre. Paulding answered that
lu' did, Then siud Andre : ' I ,im a liriti-h oflicer
out on particular business, and I hop(! vou will
not detain nie a minute." Ujion this iNiulding
ordered him to dismount. Seeing hi* mistake,
Andre showed his jiassfrom Arnold, saying," By
your detaining me you will detain the general'.s
business." . . . [Papers and ])lanswere found in
his stockings.] " This is a s])y," .said Paulding.
Andre olTcred 100 guinea.s — any sum of monev
if they would let him go. " No," cried Patiid-
ing, " not for Kt.OOO guineas." . . . CongresH
voted . . . annuities. — B.vncuokt's U. S., vol.
10, ch. 18.
10.|.|. CONFIDENCE, Perilous. ILn-ahl IT.
He might have gathered a much moi'e numerous
army than that of William ; but his recent vic-
tory had made him over-conlident, and he waH
irritated by the rc])ortsof the country being rav-
aged by the invaders. As soon, therefore, as he
had collected a small army in London, \\\>.
marv'hed off toward the coast, pressing forward
as rapidly as his men could traverse Surrey and
.Sussex, in th(.' hope of taking the Normans una-
wares, us he had recently, by a similar forceil
march, succeeded in surprising the Norwe.irians.
But he had now to deal with a foe e(|uaily bravii
with Ilarald Hardrada, and far more skilful and
wary. — l)i:c. B.\tti.i:s, ^29.').
1045. CONFIDENCE, Power of. Jl>hhn\ >Iar-
.carct, Queen of England, when a fugitive in Lor-
raine, was i)lundercd of her gold and jewels in a
wild forest by a band of robbers. She made her
escape, leading her boy, then about eleven years
old. In the dejiths of the wood they were again
encountered by a single robber. ^Margaret, with
the decision of her character, threw herself u]>(in
the protection of the outlaw. " This is the son
of your king — to vour care I commit him. I
am your (jueen." I'he robber became her friend,
and guarded her to a place of security. —
Kniout's En«., vol. 1, ch. 10.
1046. CONFIDENCE, Premature. ^ AhmJiani
Lincoli). [To Governor Morgan of New York :
" I do not agree with those who, after the emanci-
pation proclamation,] say slavery is dead. Wo
are like whalers who have been on a long chase ;
we have at last .u'otthe harpoon into the monster,
but we must now look how we steer, or, with
one ' flop ' of his tuil, he will yet se)id us all into
eternity. " — H.vvmonu's Lincoln, p. 752.
lOir. CONFIDENCE, Superstitious. Of ho.
[When v>ili() the Great finally subdued the Hun-
garians, his| cam]) was blessed with the relics of
saints and martyrs ; and the Christian hero gird-
ed on his side the sword of Constantine, grasjied
the invincible sjiearof Charlemagne, an(l waved
tlu^ banner of St. ilaurice, the ;)refect of the,
Thebean legion. But his tirinest contidenio
was placed in the holj' lance, whose point was
fashioned of the nails of the cross, and which
his father had extorted from tlu; King of Bur-
.ifundy bj' the threats of ■vvar and the gift of a
province. — Gihhon's Komk, ch. 5.").
10l§. CONFIDENCE tested. Alcraiulcr. [Al-
exander the Great was taken sick while in Cilicia
in con.sequence of having bathed in the Cyd-
nus, whose waters ■were very cold.] His phy-
sicians durst not give him any meilicines, be-
cause they thought themselves not so certain
of the cure as of the danger they must incur
l->-t
CONFISCATIOX— CONFLAGUATIOX.
in the apiilicatioii ; for llicy feared tlie ^lueedo-
iiiaiis, ii' tliey did iiol siiceeed, would siis|H'(t
tlieiii of some liad i>rae1iee. Philip, the Acariia-
iiiaii, saw how (lesi)erate the king's case was, as
well as the rest; hut, iM'side the conliih'iiee he
liad in his friendship, Ih; tli<)i|i;ht it the hinhest
iiiij;ratitude, when liis master was in so niueh
danfrer, not to risli somelhinir with iiim, in cx-
iiauslitti^ all ids art for liis relief, lie therefore
attempted the cure, and found no dillieulty in
jK'rsuadin:,' the kiny' to wail with patience until
ids medicine was pre|iared, or to lake it when
ready ; so desirous was he of a s|)eeily recovery,
ill order to pi'osecuu; the war. Jn llie mean time
I'armenio sent liim a letter from IIh; camp,
advisiciT him to lieware of Pliilip, whom, he
said, jiarius had prevailed upon, hy ])resenls
of infinite value, and tlie ])romiseof hisdauyliler
in marriau'c, to take him olT by poison. As
soon as Alcximder liad read the letter, lie ])Ut it
under Ids pillow, without showiiiL,' it, to any of
his friends. The time appointed Wn\;j; come,
Philip, with the kintr's friends, entered the
cliamlier, havinif the cup which contained the
medicine in his hand. The kin;j; received it
freely, without tlu^ least marks of suspicion, and
at the same time iiut th(! letter in his hands. It
was a strikinic situation, and more interestimj;
than any scene in a trairedy — the one readint?
while the other was drinkini,'. They looked u])-
on each oilier, but wit li a verydilferent, air. The
kin;^, with an open and uneniliarnissed ccamte-
nance, expressed his rejrard for Philij) and tlie
confidence he had in his honor ; Philip's looks
showed his indiirnation at the calumny. One,
while h(! lifted up his eyes and hands to heaven,
])rotestini^ his fidelity ; another, while he threw
liimself down hy tlu; bedside, entreating his mas-
ter to be of good courage and trust to his care.
The medicine, indeed, was so strong, and over-
jiowered his spirits in axu-h a manner, that at
first he was speechless, and discovered scarce
any sign of sense or life. But afterward he
was soon relieved by this faithfid physician, and
recovered so well that lie was able to show him-
self to the ^lacedonians, whose di.stre.ss did not
abate until he came personally before them. —
PLUTAIU Il's " AuKXANDKli."
10J9. CONFISCATION, Avaricious. .Va.ri-
min. [The Emperor was a tyrant. His avaric(^
was] stimulated by the insatiate desires of the
soldiers, at length attacked the i)ublie property.
Every city of the empire was jjossesswl of an
indei)endent revenue, destined to i)urcha.sc corn
for the nniltitude, and to supply the expenses of
the givmes and enterlainment.s. By a single act
of authority the whole mass of wealth was at
once contiscated for the use of the ImjU'rial
treasury. The temples were stripi)ed of their
most vahiabh; ott'erings of gold and silver, and
the statues of gods, hercK's, and emperors wen-
melted down and coined into money. These
impious orders could not be executed without
tumults and ma.ssacres, as In many places the
people chose rather to die in the defence of their
altars than to behold, in the midst of peace, their
cities exposed to the rivpine and cruelty of war.
— Gibbon's Rome, ch. 7.
105O. CONFISCATION, BeUgioos. Alfuim-
d^Albuqjurque. [Having .sulKlued for his king
two of the great ]>eninsuliis of Southern A.sia,
and meditating the diverting of the river Nile
from its course .so as to leave Egypt a de.sert.]
he died in the (nlor of sanctity, coinmittiiig his
soul to God and his son to tin; king. TIk; last
days of his life were spent in h(;aring nwl his
favorite passages of liie New Testament, during
which li(- lichi in his hands and claHpe<l to his
heart a small crucilix. His last words showed,
not merely that his conscience accjuitted him for
what he had done airainst the ]ie<)ple of India,
but that he regarded himself as an eminent sol-
dier of the cross, as well as n faithful .servant of
his king. Nay, mori' ; his conduct toward tlii^
Indians had never occurred to him as a case of
conscience at all, so coni])lelely was it taken for
granted that no jx-ople excciit Christians had any
rights. The earth Wits the Lord's and the full-
ness thereof ; and did it not therefoH! belong to
the pope, and to Christian kings, who were the
Lord's vicar, and vicegi'i-ents V — Cvci.oi'KUi.v ok
Bi()(i., p. iJlT).
1051. CONFLAGRATION, Defensive. Cohim-
1)1(1. As soon as it became certain that Columbia
must fall into the hands of the Federals. (}ener-
al Hardee, the commandant of (Miarleslon, deter-
miiuid to abandon that city also ; . . . guards
were detailed to destroy all the warehouses, stores
of cotton, and deix)ts of supi)lies at Charleston.
The torch wasupjilied, tli<;flam( < '•age ■, "nd con-
sternation spread throughout the it;-. "■ great
dejiot of the Northwestern R..i/%h_ , wliere u
large quantity of powder was stored, caught fire,
bl(!W up with terrific violence, and buried two
hundred people in its ruins. Not tintil four
Sijuares in the be.st i)art of the city were laid
in ashes was the eontlagration checked. — liru-
I'ATu's U. S., ch. 6().
1053. CONFLAOBATION, Destructive. Bonton.
A few days after the Presidential election (of
1872] the city of Boston was visited by a (onfla-
gration only second in its ravages to that of Chi-
cago, ;iu the previous year. On the evening of the
9th of November a tire liroke out on the corner
of King.ston and Sumner streets, spread to the
nortli-ea.st, and continued, with almost unabated
furj', until the inorning of the 11th. The best
portion of the city, embracing some of the finest
i)loc;ks in the United States, was laid in a-shes.
The burnt district covered an area of sixty-fiv
acres. Eight hundred buildings, property to ti,
valu(! of $80,000,000, and fifteen lives Avi-re 'o
by the eontlagration. — Ridpatii's U. S.., ch. o8.
1053. . Chicdfio. The year 1871
is noted in American history for the burning of
Chicago. On die evening of the 8th of October
a fire broke out in I)e Koven Street, and was
driven bj- a high wind into the lumber-yards and
wooden houses of the neighborhood. The flames
lei'.ped the south bninch of the Chicago River,
and spread with great rai)i(lity through the busi-
ness part of the city. All day long the deluge
of fire rolled on, across the main channel of the
river, and swejit into a blackened ruin the whole
district between the north brancth and the lake
as far northward as Lincoln Park. The area
burnt over was two thousand one hundred acres,
or three and one third square niles. Nearly t vo
hundred lives were lost in the conflagration,
and t"io property destroyed amounted to about
$200,000,OW. No .such terrible devastation had
been, witnessed since the burning of Moscow
CONFLAO RATION— CONFLICT.
125
ill 1813. In tli(! extent of the distriet burned
over, the ('liif'ii.u;() fire .sttii'ds (irst ; in tiieaniouiit
of proiMTty (IcMtrovi'd, second ; mid in tiie Miffer-
inir oeedHioned, tldrd aiiiont; tiie frreiio contlii-
grulion.s of till; \vorld. — UiDrATir's U. S., cii. 08.
IfKii. . LoiiiloD. I In KUm il l)iirn-
(mI for neiiri}' two miles ii iigtli and one in
lireadlli, IIk; llaines eonliniiini^ tiiree ihiys and
tliree nij,flits. Tlie houses were mostly covered
villi thatched straw roofs ; the lead from the
liuriiinu; churches ran down the streets in streams.
The tire was cliecl<ed in its jirof^rcss l)y hlowinu;
u]) houses. Not minv than cii^lit lives were lost.
Two hundred thousand people of all ranks and
deirrees were made homeless. Thirteen thousand
and two hundred dwelliiiirs were hurned, also
eiirhty-iiine churches, besides many iiuhlicstrucl-
iires, hospitals, .schools, liliraries, and a vast niini-
licr of statclv editices. Total estimated lo.ss,
i'T,;!;r),()()().— "K-NKiUT's Eng., vol. 4, eh. 17.
1053.
astoundin
Jfosroir. A.n. \H\2. The
itelligeiice was brought to Napoleon
that till! city wti-s utterly deserted. A few miser-
able creatures, who had been released from the
prisons to en.iiat,^' in the conirenial enii)loyment
of .setlini? tire to tla^ city a.s soon as the French
should have taken iiossession, were found in the
streets. . . . Humors of the intended conllagra-
tion reached his ears. .. . More than a hundred
tlKJUsand of tlic wretched inhabitants, driven by
the soldier}' from the city, parents and children,
perished of cold and starvation in the woods. —
Abbott's Napoi.i:on B., vol. 2. cli. 18.
1056.
Mi>fii'f»r). The crown man-
zincs, with vast stores of wiim and spirits, were in
a blaze. Not a rtre-cni;:ine nor a bucket could
be procured. They had ail been carried off. Day
after day the astonished .soldiers saw the canopy
of smoke and flame sjjreadiiifif over the city of a
thou.sand domes and minarets. . . . The con-
flagration went on till, of 4(),()(K) houses in stone,
only 300 escaped ; of 8000 in wood, TiOO only
■were stjuiding ; of KiOO chiir(,'lics, 800 wen; con-
sumed. ... A furious wind carried showers of
sjiarks far and near. . . . Onlv one tenth of
the city was left unconsunied. — Ivnkjht's Eng.,
vol. 7, ch. 30, p. 5.18.
1057. . Nnn York. On the 16th
of December, 183.), a Are broke out in the lower
]iart of New York City and laid thirty acres of
buildings in aslies. Five hundred and twenty-
nine houses and jirojicrty valued at $18,000,000
were consumed. — Riui-atu's U. S., ch. 54.
1058. . Rome. Whether Nero was
jTuilty of this unparalleled outrage on the lives
and fortunes of his subjects or not, certain it is
that on July 19th, a.d. 64, in the tenth yearof liis
reign, a fire broke out in shops full of inflam-
mable materials which lined the valley between
the Palatine and Ca'lian hills. For si.x days and
seven nights it rolle<l in streams of resistless flame
over the greater part, of the city, licking up the
palaces and temples of tlie gods which covered
the low hills, and raging through whole .streets
of the wretched wooden tenements in which
dwelt myriads of the poorer inlmbitant.s who
crowded the lower regions of Rome. When its
course had been checked by tlie voluntary de-
struction of a va.st mass of buildings wliicli lay in
its path, it broke out a second time, and raged for
three days longer in the less crowded (piarters of
the city, wliere its spread was ('ven more fatal to
public liuildings and the ancient shrines of the
gods. Never since the Gauls burnt Itoint! had
so deadly a calamity fallen on the alllicled city.
Of its fourteen districts, four alone cse;ii)ed un-
touched ; tlirce were comiilctely laid in ashes ;
in \\w seven others were toiu' seen the wrecks of
many buildings, scathed and guttc(l by the flames.
Th(! disaster to the city was historically irrepar-
able. . . . The .sense of permanent loss was over-
whelmed at first by the immediate confusion and
agony of the sceia^. Amid the sheets of flanii!
that roared on every side under IIk^ dense caiiojiy
of smoke, the shrieks of terrilied women and the
wail of infants and children were heard above;
th(! crash of falling houses. 'I'lie incendiary fires
seemed to be bursting forth in so many directions
that nu'ii stood staring in dumb stu|iefaction at
the destruction of their property, or rushed hith-
er and thither in liel))lcss amazement. TIk; lanes
and alley's wi're blocked up with tJie concoursif
of struggling fugitives. ^laiiy were suffocated
by smoke or fraiii])le(l down in the ])ress. JNIany
others were burnt to death in their own burn-
ing houses, .some of whom ])urposely flung
themselves into the flames in the depth of their
despair. . . . When they had escajx'd with bare
life, a va.st multitude of homeless, shivering, hun-
gry human lieings, many of them bereaved of
their nearest and dearest relations, . . . found
themselves huddled together, . . . one vast
brotherhood of hopeless w retcli((lMi'>s. — Y.\\k-
HAii's Eaui.v Days, p. 31.
1059. CONFLAGKATION in War. Cnrihuic
In a strong a.ssault on one of the gates, he broke
it down, and entering with a large force pene-
trated to the citadel, which sustained a siege of
several days, while the Romans were in i)oss<'s-
sion of the town. At length it was surrendered.
Scipio, unwilling to destroy this proud and splen-
did capital, sent to Home for further orders.
But these contained no mercy for Carthage. The
city was set fire to in many ditfereiit cpiarters.
Pillage, carnag(!, and desolation ensued. This
conflagration lasted for .seventeen days. At flu!
recital of a scene of this kind, it is impossible to
n.'straln our indignation, and not to execrate that
barbarous policy which prescrifies a conduct so
contrary to every worthy feeling of the human
mind. Thus ended flic ill-fated Carthage, in the
607th vear from the building of Rome, and the
146tli before the Christian eiu.— Tyti.kk's llrsT. ,
Book 3, ch. »
1060. CONl^ICT, Bootless. British at Bunker
Hill. The number of the killed and wounded
in [the British army r.nder Gage] . . . Wius . . .
at lea.st 1004, ... a third of lho.se engaged.
. . . The oldest soldiers never .saw the like.
The battle of Quebec, which won half a conti-
nent, did not cost the lives of .sf) many officers
a.s the battle of Bunker Hill, which gained noth-
ing but a place of encampment. — Bancroft's
U.^8., vol. 7, ch. 40.
1061. CONFLICT, Land of. Kenturk;/. Ken-
tucky has been denominated " the Dark and
Bloody Ground" of tlie savage aborigines. It
never was the habitation of any nation or tribe
of Indians ; but from the i->eriod of tlie earliest
aboriginal traditions to the appearance of the
white man on its soil, Kentucky was the field of
12G
CONFLICT— CONtilKin:!).
deadly conflict hctwcen tlie iiorflicrn niid soutli-
«'ri» wurriiir.s of the forest. . . . When ])cii('lriitc(l
by tlic i)old adventurous wldtc iiicii of Ciirolina
nnd Viririuia, wlio constituted tlie tliird jnuty
for doniinion, its litic of tlie " Darii and Hloody
(tround" was continued. , . . After tlie declara-
tion of American lndei)endencc, (}real J5rit;un
formed alliance with the Indian savairi'S . . . the
territory of Kentucky liecame still more enii)hat
ically tiie " Dark and Kloody (Jroiind." [Like-
wise during the liehellion.]— Poi.KAitu's Fiust
Yk.mi <)!-' TiiK Wau, ell. 7, p. IHO.
10«a. CONFLICT, Eule of. Wifliam of Onnif/r.
[James II.,] the king, was eager to li!,dit, and it
was obviously his interest to do so. Every liour
took away something from bis own strength,
and added .something to the strength of his ene-
ndes. It was most important, too, that his troops
should be blooded. A great battle, however it
nught ternuiiate, could not but injure the iiriiiee'.
])()l)ularity. All tliis William [lerfeetlv under-
.stood, and determined to avoid an actioi as long
as ])0ssiblc. It is .said that, when Scliomberg
wii.stold that theciuMny were advancing and were
deternuned to fight, he answered with the com-
posure of a t.actician confident in his skill, " That
will be just as we mav choose." — .Ma(Ai:i.ay's
EN(i., ch'. y.
1063. CONFLICT, Self-sustaining. S/mls. [The
Confederates invaded Pemisylvania.] General
Lee cannot e.xpeet to keep his conununieations
open to the rear ; and, as the stall-ollicers say,
"In every battle we light, we must capture as
much aminunition as we use." — Pollaku's Skc-
osv Yeah ok tiik War, p. 338.
I06J. CONFLICT, Unnatural Willmm I., the
Novman. He was a prince to whom nature had
denied the requisites of making himself beloved,
and who, therefore, made it Ids first object to
render himself feared. Even the Normans, in-
stigated probably by the French, endeavored to
withdraw themselves from his yoke. To estab-
lish order in that country, he carried over an army
of Englishmen ; thus, by a capricious vici.s.situde
of fortune, we see the Normans brought over for
the conquest of the P^nglish, and the English sent
back to conquer the Normans. With these troops
lie reduced the rebels to submi.ssion, and returned
to England to be again embroiled in conspiracies
and rebellion. The last and severest of his trou-
bles arose from his own children. His eldest .son,
Robert, had been pronused by his father the sov-
ereignty of Maine, a province of France, which
liad sul)nntted to William ; he claimed the per-
formance in his father's lifetime, who contemj)-
tuously told him he thought it was time enough
to throw oil his clothes when he went to bed.
Robert, who was of a most violent temper, in-
stantly withdrew to Normandy, when in a .sliort
time he engaged all the young nobility to espouse
liis quarrel. " Brittany, Anjou, and JMaine like-
wise took j)art against William, who brought
over another army of the Englisli to subdue the
rebellion. The father and son met in fight, and
being clad in armor did not know each other, till
Robert, having wounded his father and thrown
Inm from his horse, his voice (calling out for as-
sistance) discovered him to his antagoni.st. 8tuug
with consciousness of the crime, Robert fell at
Ins feet, and in the most subnu.ssive maimer en-
treated ins f(jrgiveness. The indignation of AVill-
iam was not to l»e ajijieased ; he gave his son his
malediction instead o'f his pardon. — Tyti.ku's
Hist., Hook 0, eh. H.
lOO."}. CONFLICT, Unprepared for. (imkx.
[Demosthenes urged immediate and ojien war
against the amliiticais I'hilip. | .Some of the best
patriots of Athens, the virtuous I'hocion, for ex-
ample, proposed an oi)positecoun.sel. They saw
that the martial spirit of the re|)ublie wase.xtinet,
the finances of the State were at the lowest ebl),
and the manners of the peojile irretrievably cor-
rupted. There was assuredly too much .solidity
in till! argument of Fhocion which he opposed t(»
\\\v, " Philippica " of Demosthenes: " I will rec-
ommend to you, O Affienians, to go to war, when
I tind yon cajjahle of sujiporting a war ; when I
see the youth of the l{e])nlilic animated witli
courage, yet suhmissivc! and obedient ; the rich
clu'erhdly contributing to the necessities of the
State ; and the oratoi's no longer cheating and
pillai^iniitlu! i)ublic." — Tyti.ku's Hist., Hook !J,
cli. 3.
10«6. CONGREGATIONS, Large, dinnxip in
}V(ili'/*. [Thirty-two thousimd ])ersons ])re.sent to
hear .Tohn AVesley preach at (Jwenap, in it.s
magnificent natural ami)hitheatre.J — Stkvens'
Methodism, vol. 2, ch. (I.
1067. CONQUERED vs. Concord. London, a.d.
1801. [At last England ami Fiance made a treaty
of ])eace.] The house of M. Otto, the French
minister [at Ijondon], was brilliantly illundnated.
. . . The word ftf/ww/v/ blazed in letters of light.
The sailors, not very familiar with the spelling-
book, exclaimed, " Conqueird f not so by a great
deal. That will not do." Excitement and di.s-
satisfaction rapidly spread. Violence was threat-
ened ! . . . attemiits at explanation were utterly
u.sele.ss. The otTensive word was removed, and
«?«% substituted. The sailors, fully .satisfied with
the aliunde fionora/de, gave three cheers. — Ab-
bott's Napoleon B. , vol, 1, ch. 22.
106§. CONQUERED, The Conqueror. Fmncifco
Pkarro. [A single battle made him master of
Peru.] He betrayed and nnirdered the captive
Inca. He quarrelled with Almagro over the di-
vision of the spoils, and finished by putting him
to death. He accumulated a greater amount of
treasure than was ever possessed, before or since,
by an individual. Spoiled by iM'osperity without
l)arallel, he was cruel to the I^eruvians, capricious
and tyrannical to the Spaniards, and, at length, ii
rebel against his king. A conspiracy, headed by
the son of the murdered Almagro, was formed
against him. On a Sunday afternoon, in 1541,
at the hour when the tyrant was accustomed to
slei'i), a band of the confederates burst into his
palace, killed or disjx'r.sed his servants, and at-
tacked him. Armed only with a sword and buck-
ler, he defended himself with the most desper.ate
courage. Four of his a.ssailants he slew ; five
more he wounded ; and still he fought on. At
last one of the band engaged him and drew^ his
attention from the rest ; and while Pizarro dealt
a furious blow at his chief assailant, the others
succeeded in giving him a mortal wound. He;
fell at the feel of an image of Christ, which, it
is said, he kis.sed at the moment of his death. So
perished, in his sixty-eighth year, the man who
was, perhaps, the most resolute of all the sons of
men. In mere strength of purjiose it is ques-
tionable if his equal ever lived ; but, though this
CONQUERORS— CO NQUf:ST.
137
is one of the most Viiliiiihlc; of qualities, and nc
comi)li.slu's very j^rciil tliinjjjs, u man must have
inueii more in order to turn to ^^ood aecounl tiio
l>n7.es won. Pizarro was little more than a mai^-
nitlcently-gifted brute. — Cycloi'EDI.v ok Ukhi.,
p. 327.
1060. CONQUEROBS by Resolution. 0/ Cali-
fornia. [In 1840J Colonel John {". Fremont . . .
determined to strike a blow for his country ; lie
urged the people of California, many of whom
■were Americans, to declare their independence.
The hardy frontiersmen of the Sacramento valley
flocked to his standard ; and a campaign was at
once begun to overthrow tlie ^le.xican authority.
. . . An American fleet hud captured the town
of Monterey . . . and San Diego. . , , Before
the end of sununer the whole of the vast prov-
ince was subdued . . . theauthority of the Unit-
ed States was c()mj)lctely estublislied. A coun-
try large enough for an empire had been con-
<|uered by a handful of resolute men. — Rii)-
r.\Tii's U. S., ch. ')!.
I OrO. CONQUEST by Destruction. A Ifo n n e
(VAlhiKiiierqnc. Having thus reduced the shores
and cities of two of the great peninsulas of
Southern Asia, he ne.xt un(lertiK)k the con(i\U'st
of all tlie vast regions watered by the Red Sea
and the Persian Gulf. He bombarded the cities
commanding those waters, with varying success.
Meditating the concpiest of Egypt, he conceived
a sclieme for diverting the river Nile from its
course, so as to leave Egypt a desert, and destroy
its whole population. — Cvclopkdi.v ok Hioo.',
p. 31.J.
1071. CONQUESTS, Fnds of. Pi/rr/niK. [Tiie
Tarentines, in war witli tlie Romans,] sought aid
fnmi Pyrrlius, the King of Epirus, and invited
him, by a flattering deputation, to be the deliv-
erer of Italy from its threatened yoke of .servi-
tude. Pyrrhus was one of the ablest generals of
his age ; but he i)()s.se.ssed a restless spirit, and a
])recipitancy in forming projects of military en-
terprise, without a due attention to means, or a
deliberate estimate of consequences. Cineas, his
chief minister, to whom he imparted his design
of invading Italy, and mentioned, with great con-
fldence, a perfect assurance of its success, calmly
asked him what he proposed after that design
was accomplished. " We .shall ne.xt," said Pyr-
rhus, " malio ourselves masters of Sicily, wliicli,
considering the distracted state of that island, will
be a very easy enterprise." " And w'lat ne.xt do
you intend ?" said Cineas. " We shall then," re-
plied P^'rrhus, " pass over into Africa. Do you
imagine Cartilage; is cai)able of holding out
against our arms ?" "And su|)p()sing Carlhagi;
taken," said Cineas, " what follows ?" "Then,"
said Pyrrhus, " we return with all our force, and
l)our down upon Macedonia and Greece. " ' ' And
when all is conquered," replied Cineas, " what is
then to be done?" "Why, then, to be sure,"
said Pyrrhus, " we have nothing to do but to en-
joy our bottle, and take our amusement." " And
what," said Cineas, "prevents j'ou from enjoy-
ing your bottle now, and taking your amuse-
ment '!" This dialogue, which is given by Plu-
tarch, with great naivete, presents us with a just
delineation of the real views and sentiments of
the greater part of those mighty conquerors who
have disturbed the peace of the universe. — Tvr-
LEit's Hist,, Book '6, ch, 7.
lOra. CONQUEST, Fruitless. Anrimt Per-
HiiiiiK. In those early jieriods [were] a peojjle
reinarkaiile for their t(;mj)erance and the virtu-
ous siini)licity of their maniK^rs. Herodotus re-
cords an excellent sjieech of one Sandanis, a
Lyilian, who, when his sovereign Cru'sus pro-
jected the invasion of Persia, thus strongly point-
ed out to him the folly of his enteriirise : "What
will you gain," said he, " by waging war with
such men as tlu; Persians V Their clothing is
skins, their food wild fruits, and their drink wa
ter. If you arecoiKjuered, you lose a cidtivated
country ; if you coiuiuer them, what can you
take from them ? — a barren region. For my part,
I thank the gods that the Persians have not yet
formed the design of invading the Lydians." —
TvTi.Kii's Hist., Book 1, ch. 11.
1073. CONQUEST impossible. Darinn. Ambi-
tious of extensive coiKpiest, Ik; now meditatcii a
war against the Scythians, on the absurd pretrxt
that they had ravaged a part of Asia about oiu;
hundred and thirty years before. At the head of
an army of 700,000 men, lie set out from Susa,
his ca])ital, to wage war against a nation whom
it was impossible to conquer. . . . The solo
business of the Scythians was to retreat, driving
their cattle before them, and fllling up the wells
in their route. The Persians, after long and ex-
cessive marches, never got more than a distant
sight of the enemy, while they were perishing
by thou.sands in a rugged and barren country.
At length Darius thought it his wisest measure
to retreat, having lost the greatest part of his
army, and leaving behind him the sick and aged
at the mercy of the barbarians. — Tytlku'8
Hist., Book 1, ch. 11.
1074. CONQUEST necessary. Cortez. Besides
repressing the mutiny with a strong hand, he re-
solved to make all turning back impossible. He
caused all his vessels, except the smallest, to be
.scuttled and sunk ; from that hour there was no
safety except in the total conquest of the coun-
try. Leaving at Vera Cruz a small gairi.son, he
liegan his Immortal inarch August 1(5, 1.519 [for
the city of Mexico], witli the following forces :
400 foot soldiers, l.WO horsemen, 1300 Indian
warriors, 1000 Indians to draw the cannons and
carry the baggage, and s(!ven pieces of artillery.
CVCLOI'KDIA OF BlOO., J). 321.
1075. CONQUEST, Period of. lieiriti of Ed-
irard III. The greatest victories recorded in
the history of the Middle Ages were gained at
this time, again.st great odds, by the English ar-
mies. Victories indeed they were of which a
nation may justly be proud. . . . Chandos en-
countereii an equal foe in Du Guesclin ; but
France had no infantry that dared to face the
English bows and bills. A French king was
brought priscnier to London. An English king
was crowned at Paris. The banner of St.
George was carried far beyond the Pyrenees and
the Alps. On the south of the Ebro the Eng-
lish won a great battle, which for a time de-
cided the fate of Leon and Castile. — Macaulay's
ExG., ch. 1.
1076. CONQUEST, Presumptuous. Three Men.
These three men, the youngest of whom was
riffy, conceived the project of conquering the
l)owerful and wealthy tribes that were .supposed
to inhabit the western coasts of South America.
They were to do this by their own resources,
128
C(>.>QIEST-('()NSCIENCE.
asklnp notliin;? from tlio Governor of Pnimma
except his simelion of tli(! enlerpriHc, It was as
tlioujjh tlire(;nien in New Yorlt should now un-
dertake! th(! coiKpiest, of tiie Japanese Knipire.
Pi/nrro was fo eoinnnind tlie first Ixxly of ad-
ventures; Almafrro was to raise, as soon as lie
could, a HPconil eonii)any, and join I*i/,arro on
llie coast ; th(' priest | Fernando do. rjU(|iies| was
to remain at Panama to walcli ovi-r the inten-sts
of tiie partnership, j'l'heir success is wi'll
known.] — ('yci.oi'kdi.v ()!•' Uioo., p. U24.
1077. CONQUEST surrendered. Jcruixili'ni.
The II0I3' [..and was ilius recoveri'd by the Chris-
tians ; and (Jodfrey of I5r)uili()n ohlaiiied thc^tithi
of I\in;j;of .lerusalem ; hut it was only iv title, for
;i ])apal leirate arrived in Ww mean time, claimed
the city as tin; property f>f (iod, and look pos-
.liession of it as such. (Jodfrey reserved the ])ort
of Joiip.'), and some ]irivileires in Jerusalem. —
Tvti.kk's I[ist. , Book ((, eh. !>.
I07>». CONQUESTS of Peace. Lwiixiitna. [Tn
»^onse<[Uence of \\w. amhitious desiirns of Enir-
land and the ncccs.sities of France, then unable to
]iold the territorv airiiinst the Mritish navy,] the
Presi(h'nt [.Mr. .letTerson] made Wv. larL!;est con-
ipicst ever ])eacefully achieved, at a cost so small
that the sum expended for tli(! entire territory
I Iocs not ('(ji.d the revenue which has since been
v'ollocted on its soil in a siniijU^ month, in time of
^reat public i>eril. The coimtry thus acipiircd
forms to-day the States of fjonisiana, Arkansas,
]Mi.s.souri, Iowa, K.ansas, Nebraska, Minnesota
west of the JMississip]ii, Colorado north of the
Arkansas, besides the Indian Territory and the
Territories of Dakota, Wyominj,', and Montana.
TexiLS was also included in tiie transfer. —
Blaine's Twknty Ykarh ok Con(hii;s8, p. 8.
1079. CONSCIENCE, Abdication of.' Pope Clem-
ent V. Philip [IV. J held a .secret interview with
him, and offered to raise him to the papal thrfme
on six conditions, which were at once accepted.
. . . The sixth and last condition the king re-
served to he hercnfter HpceiflM in proper time and
place, cxactin.!? an oath from liertrand to fulfil
it on the first demand. — Studknts' Fkance, ch.
4, 55 IH, p. 18«.
lOitO. CONSCIENCE an Accuser. Murderer.
Renj.amin Abbott was preachinj^ in New Jersey
with great zeal again.stsin in its worst forms. In
the midst of his discourse he exclaimeil : " For
aught I know, there may be a murderer in this
congregation !" Immediately a lu.sty man at-
tempted to go out ; but when he got to the door
he bawled out, an(l .stretched out both his arms,
and ran backward, and cried out very bitter-
ly, and said lie was the murderer, for lie had
killed a man .about fifteen years before. — Ste-
vens' M. E. CiiUHcii, vol. 1, ch. 8.
1081. --. Death-bed [Rev. Simon
Carlisle was expelled from the ministry for theft,
an officer having found a mi.ssing pistol in his
saddle-bags. lie could not clear him.self ; his
usefulness ended, his disgrace w'as overwhelm-
ing. The young man who owned the pistol was
on his deat*h-be(l a few years after. An hour be-
fore death came] he cried out frantically, " I can-
not die — I cannot until I reveal one thing. ^Ir.
Carlisle never stole that pistol ; I myself put it in
his saddle-bags." He then became calm, and so
pa.ssed into eternitv. — Stevens' M. E, Ciiuucii,
vol. 3, ch. 3.
lOflti. CONSCIENCE authorised. 7?,'/ JemiilM.
[On the trial of Ww. conspirators in the infamoua
(Junpowder Plot it was shown that] li(H)kwood
. . . Iiiid .scruples about joining in so extensive a
.scheme of slaughter, saying it was a miUter f)f
coii.sciencc to take awaj' so much blood ; but
Catesby silenced him by .saying" it had been rc-
solvcil on good authority that in conscience it
might be done." Digliy, who was only tw(Mity-
four years of age, was evidently a weak tool of
tli(' Jesuits. . . . lie cordially joined in the proj-
ect from religious zeal, as soon as he .satisfied
himself that \\w action had been ajiproved by his
spiritual advis<'rs. — Knkiht's K.no., vol. 3, ch.
^1.
10S:i. CONSCIENCE awakenod. Cn-litrifiht.
( Peter Carl wrigiit, the celebrated fronijiT preach-
er, was awakened, in his .sixteenth year, after
spending much of the night in dancing, at a
wedding. He went liome, not to sleep, but spent
tlu! remainder of the night on liis knees with his
liraying mother, and some time alleiward was
converted at a camp-i.ieeling.J — Stevens' M. E.
CiUKcir, vol. 4, ell. ii.
IOS4. . Jiihii Iluni/iia. Ho .sup-
posed he was given over to nnbelief and wicked-
ness, and yet he rel.ites, with touching simplic-
ity : "As to the act of sinning, I was never
more tender than now. I durst not take up a
]m\ or a slick, though but so big as ,1 straw, for
my conscience now was sore, and would smart
at every loucli. 1 eou'd not tell how to speak
my words for fear I should misplace them."
Ihit the care with which lu! watched his conduct
availed him nothing. He was on a morass " that
sliook if he did but stir," and he was " there left
both of God, and Christ, and the Spirit, and of
all good things." Behind him lay the faults of
his childhood and youth, every one of which ho
believed to be recorded a.gainst him. Within
were his disobedient inclinations, which he con-
ceived fo be the presence of the devil la liiii
heart. — Fkoude's Bunyan, ch. 3.
1085, . Bunyan. One Sunday morn-
ing when Bunyan was at church with his wife,
a sermon was delivered on this subject [Sab-
bath amusements]. It .seemed t.) be es]X!cially
addressed to himself, and it much alTected him.
He shook off the impression, and after dinner he
went iis u.sual to the green. lie was on the point
of striking at a ball when the thought rushed
across his mind, Wilt thou leave f by sins and go
to heaven, or have thy sins and go to hell ? Ilo
looked up. The reflection of his own emotion
was before him in visible form. He imagined
that he .saw Christ Him.self looking down at him
from the sky. But he concluded that it wius too
late for him to n^ix'nt. He was past pardon.
He was .sure to be dannied, and he might as well
be damned for m.any sins as for few. Sin, at all
events, was pleasant, the only pleasant thing that
he knew ; therefore he would fake bis till of it.
The sin was the .game, and nothing but the game.
He continued to play, but the Puritan .sensitive-
ness had taken hold of him. An artificial offence
had become a real offence when his conscience
was woujided by it. He wiia reckless and des-
perate. — Frolde's Bunyan, ch. 2.
10§6. . By Mother's Prayer. [Rev.
Henry Bochm was the travelling companion of
Bisluip Asbury, and for more than eighty j-ears a
CONHIIENCK.
129
ClirLstiaii ininistcr. He wuHiirrcslcd, on n'tiiniiiii^
liDiiic OIK! rveiiiiij;:. liy li(!iiriiij,' tlio I'liiniliar voicn
of liJH iMothcr fii^iiifiMi ill pruyt'i". JIi! siiys :l " [
listened. Anionj; otlier tiling's, hIus |)niye(l for
Iter cliildreii, and mentioned ilenry, lier vouni;-
<'st Kon. The mention of my name i)roke my
heart, Mud melted mo into conlrition. Tears
rolled down my cheekH, and f felt the imi)ortane(!
of comiiiyiiiij with the command of (Jod, ' My
t^on, ;,^ive nu! thine heart.' " | He lived one hiin
dred years.) — Sti;vi:nw' M. K. CiUKtii, vol. !(,
p. 42'.i.
lOWV, . Kitrtli<jinih\ In the early
|)arl f)f 1T."">() repeated eartlKpiakeH alarmed the
metropoliH . . . while (Miarles \Ve«l(!y was ris-
inj.? in the jmlpit of tlio Foundry [C'liurch) to
preach, at, tlvo o'clock in (he n\ornintr, tlu; earth
moved through all London and Westminster
with u strong, jarring motion, an<l ii runihiing
iioiso liko distant thunder. The walls of the
Foundry tremhled ; a f:reat agitation among the
piiople followed ; but Wesley cried aloud to them,
" Therefore will wc not fear though thcearth be
moved, and the hills bo carried into tiio midst of
tiie .sea, for tho J.,ord of Hosts is witli us, the
God of .JH(u)b is ourrefug*;." Multitudes flocked
to tho early MelhodLst service in deep alarm.
Throughout tho wliolo night many of tho alarmotl
l)e()ple kncKked at tho Foundry door, entreating
admittance, tliough "our poor ixjoplo," writes
Wesley, " were calm and quiet as at any other
time. " During one of the.so terrible nights Tower
Hill, Moortields, and Ilydo Park wore filled with
huiienting men, women, and children. Wluto-
fleld stood among them at Hyde Park preaching
ut midnight. A deep moral impression followe<l
these evenUs. — Stkvens' Mktiiodi8.vi, vol. 1, p.
808.
10§§. . lifv. William GasHdway.
[He was ignorant in his early life concerning the
way of salvation. Wlien he became awakeiiedj
he detested hini.self as a sinner. Pa.ssiug a stream
he allowed hi.s liorse to (h'ink, saying," Vou may,
you are not a sinner ; but I am. I will not
drink. " — Stkvkns' M. E. Ciicitcir, vol. 3, p. 394.
1080. . Jiihii WckIci/. a young
lawyer of brilliant talents and aristocratic rela-
tions was in the habit of nu'etiiig with his gay
as.sociat<'s at a coffee-hou.se in London. He was
the wit of the company, and at one of their meet-
ings, wlien Wesley was to prcacli in the neigh-
borhood, his coniimnions sent liim to hear the
itinerant apostle, in order to give them a mim-
icked specimen of his jireaching. Just as he
entered the place ,jf worsliip Wesley announced
us liis text, " J'reparc to mat tfii/ (tod f" It .struck
the young man's conscience ; ho listened with
emotion to the sermon, and thenceforward the
career of his life was changed. On returning as
a nece.ssaiy courtesy to his company in the cof-
fee-house, they a.sked him if he had "taken off
the old MethodLst." " No, g(!ntlemen," was his
repiv, "hut ho has taken me off ;" and here-
tired from tlieir circle to return no more. — Stk-
VENs' Methodism, vol. 1, p. 387.
1090. CONSCIENCE ti. Conscience. Intoler-
ance. [During the contentions of sects in the
reign oi James II. , Dryden says :] All men are
engaged either on this side or tliat ; and though
conscience is the common word given by both,
yet if a writer fall among enemies, and cannot
give the marks of their ccm.Hciencc, he is kno<!ked
down l)efure tho reasons of his own are jieurd.
— IC.nkiut'm E.\u., vol. 4, ch. 2ti.
lOOI. CONSCIENCE oonqueri Conqneron.
Williiim If. Tile death bed (if William wax a
death-bed of repentance. He spoke, it is relat-
ed, of th(! rivers of blood he liiid shed. He la-
mented his barlmrities in Liiifhiiid. — Ivniuuts
K.NOI.ANl), vol. 1, ch. 1», p. :.'18.
lOOil. CONSCIENCE, Defence of. Martin Lu-
ther. Luther spoke in both (.Jerinan and Latin.
After he had liiiished, the iiriiices held a short
coiisullalioii. Then the im|ierial representative
reproached him for haviiigspoken (lisres])e,ctful-
!y, and for not having answered the proposed
(luestioiis. He repeli'd iiUther's demand for
counter-evidence, and i,..'iiiilMiiied that his liere-
sies had (wen condemned by tiie Church and by
its general councils. What was now (htinanded
of him was a plain and straigiit forward answer,
whether Ik; would or would not recant. There-
upon Luther replied : " Sinc(! your imperial Maj-
esty hav<! desirect a direct, answer, 1 shall give
suil an one as shall have neither horns nor teeth
— vi/,. , except I Im! c'invinced with clear and un-
doulttwl evidence of Holy Scripture — for I 1k;-
lievo neither in the Pope nor in councils alone,
since it is evident they have often erred and con-
tradicted themselves ; and uh my conwiience Is
bound by God's Word, I cannot and will not re-
cant, becau.se it is neither saf(i nor advi.sable to
act contrary to conscience. Here I stand ; I can-
not do otherwise ; God lielp nie 1 Amen 1" , . .
Luther was now happy at heart. As .soon as ho
returned to _iis lodging-place, he lifted up both
hands and cried out, " I liavo done it I I havo
done it !" And continuing ho remarked : " If
I had a thousand heads, 1 would lose them all
rather than to recant." — Kkin's Luthkk, ch. 9,
1). 89.
1093. CONSCIENCE, Education of. llev. John
Ncirton. I'rovidenco was now kind to him ; ho
became captain of a slave-ship, and miule several
voyages on tho business of trade. That it was a
wicked trade he seems to have had no idea ; he
says he never knew sweeter or more fre(juenl
hours of divine communion than on his last two
voyages to Guinea. Afterward it occurred to
him that though his employment was genteel and
profitable, it made him a sort of jailer, unpleas-
antly conversant with both <'iiiiinsan(l shackles ;
and ho besought Providence to tix him in a more
humane calling. In answer to his prayer came
a fit of apoplexy, which made it dangerous for
him to goto sea again. — S.Mirn's Cowi'KU, ch. 3.
1094. CONSCIENCE, Erratic. Dulx of York
{JdtncK 11.). Debauching a woman on jiromise
of marriage, he next allowed her to be traduced
as having yielded to freipient prostitution, and
then married her ; he was coascienlious, but hi->
moral .sense was as slow iishis understanding. —
Baxchoft'h U. S. , cli. 17.
1095. CONSCIENCE explained. Il'iqn of
James H. [In Scotland the auli-Catholic feeling
was strong. J Tho three privy counsellors who liad
lately returned from London took the load in op-
position to the royal will. Hamilton declared
plainly that he could not do what was asked.
He waa a faithful and loyal subject ; but there
was a limit imposed by conscience. ' 'Conscience, "
said the chancellor — ' ' conscience is a vague
130
CONSCIENCE.
word, which sipniHcH nnylhinR or nothing."
Lociiimrt.wiio wit in Pivrliiiincnt us rcprcHcnliitivc!
of tlu! f^rcat county of liiiimrlt, Htnic k in : " If
conscieuco Iks ii word williout inclining, wo will
cliango it for anollicr i)iiniH(f wiiich, I liopc,
means Homclliiiig. j'or coiiMcicncc let us put the
fundanif'nlai laws of Hcolliiiid." — Macaikays
E.Nd., cli. ((.
1000. CONSCIENCE, A guilty. <'<n:,r„//„,
[Carucallii, tlu; son of Scrvius, was, witli iiis
irollicr (k'la, clioscii l)y tlu! ariny to \h: joint
emperors of Komc. Discord followed, and (tela
was assassinated in llu! i)reseiiee of and by llie
direction of his lirillier. ) The crimi! went not,
impunished. Neither liusiiicss nor i)leasiire
nor llattcry coidd defend Ciiraealla from the
Ktiiigs of a guilty conscience ; and he coid'essed,
in tlu; anguisli of a tortured mind, that his dis-
ordered fancy often heheld the angry foi'ms of
Ids father and his hrolher rising into life, to
threaten and upl)raid him. The consciousness of
his crinu; shoidd havt^ induced him to convince
mankind, hy th(! virtues of his reign, that the
bloody deedi had been the involuiUarv cITect of
fatid necessity. Hut the rei)entanc(! of Caracalla
only prompted him to remove from the world
whatever could remind him of his guilt, or re-
oall the memory of his nuirdered brother. On
his return from tlu; Senate to the palace, he found
his mother in the company of several noble ma-
trons, weeping over llie untinu'ly fat(; of her
younger Hon. Tlu; jealous emperor threatened
them with instant death ; tlu; .sentciu'e was
executed against Fadilla the last remaining
(laughtor of tlu; Emperor .Marcus ; and even the
attiicted Juliii was obliged to silence her lamenta-
tions, to suppress her sighs, and to receive tlu;
assassin with smiles of joy and approbation. It
■was computed that, muler the vague; appellation
of the friends of Geta, al)ove twenty thousand
ner.sonsof both sexes suiTered death. [See No.
239.]— GiimoN's Komk, ch. (5.
1097. CONSCIENCE honored. Kiiir/ ^ymi,nu
RufuH. Two monks havint; come one day . . .
U-) buy an abbot's place, an(f having outreache(l
each other in the .sums they offered, the king
said to a third Tuonk who stood by, " What wilt
thou give for the place V" " Not a penny," an-
swered the monk, "for it is against my con-
science." "Then, " replied the king, "thou of
the three best ileservest it," and instantly gave it
to him.
10Ȥ. CONSCIENCE, Imperfect. Alfonse d' Al-
biK/uerquP. [See Coiupu'st by Destruction, No.
1070.] The historians of thiscon([uest mention,
as a proof of the magnanimity and disint<'rested-
ness of Albuquerque, that he only took from Ma-
lacca, for his personal u.se, the u'on lions which
marked the tomb of the royal family ; although
he carried away a large ship loaded deep Avith
gold and silver, for the use of the king and the
needs of the public service. Not a man in that
age of the world appears to have questioned the
right of a strong Christian to seize the gold of a
weak heathen ; nor did any one see anything
wrong in the robbery of a heathen king's family
tomb. I am happy to inform the reader that
the ship containing both the treasure and the
iron lions went to the bottom of the sea a few
days after leaving Malacca. — Cyclopedia of
BioG., p. 315.
1009. 00N80IEN0E, Indiioreet. Marcdlnii.
[On the day of a public festival Marcellus, a cen-
turion, threw away his belt, his arms, and the en-
signs of his] olllce, and e.\clainu;d, with a loud
voice, that lu; would obey non(;but Jesus (Christ
the eternal King, and that he renouiued forever
tlu; usi; of carnal weapons, arul tlu; service of an
idolatrous masli'r. '1 he soldiers, as soon as they
recovered from their astonishnu'iit, scciu'ed the
l)crson of >Iarcellus. Me was exanuned in the
city of Tingi by tlu; president of that part of
.Mauritania ; and as he was convicted by his own
coid'ession, lu; was condemned and beheaded for
the crinu'of desertion. — (iiitiio.N's Ko.MK, ch. 10.
1100. CONSCIENCE an Interpreter. Sarrl-
hijc. Pyrrhus listened to evil counsellors, and
plundered the rich treasury of tlu; temph; of
Proserpine. Tlu; ships wluch were; conveying
the phuuler wen; wrecked, and Pyrrhus, con-
science-stricken, 'restored all that was saved. Hut
tlu; nuMuory of tlu; deed haunted him ; lu; has
recorded his l)elief that this sacrilegious act was
tlu; cause; of ail his future misforluiu's. — LiD-
DKM.'s HOMK, ch. 2(t, p. ','KI.
1101. CONSCIENCE, Liberty of. ll'xjn- mil-
iiimx. lb; was the first ])crsori innu)dci'n Chris-
t(;n(lom to assert in its pleiuludc; tlu; doctrine of
the liberty of conscience, tlu; e(iuality of opin-
ions before the law. ... A nu)ral principle
has a much wider and nearer intluence on hu-
man happinc'ss ; nor can any discovery of truth bo
of any more direct beiietit to soci(;ty tlian that
which establishes a jicrpetual religious peace,
and spreads traiuiuillity through every commu-
nity and every bosom. If Copernicus is held in
l)erp(;tual reverence because; on his death-bed
lu; i)ublished to the world that the sun is the cen-
tre of our .sj'stem — if the name of Kepler is pre-
.served in the annals of hiunan excellence for his
sagacity in detecting the laws of the planetary
motion — if the genius of Newton has been al-
most, adored for dissecting a ray of light, and
weighing heavenly bodies as in a balance, let
there be for the nanu; of Roger Williams at least
.some humble place among those who have ad-
vanced moral .science, ami made themselves the
benefactors of mankind. — liANcuoKT's U. S.,
vol. 1, ch. 9.
llOa. . Cromwell. [Cromwell
strongly advocated liberty of conscience when
it was a startling notion to most public men.
lie was among the first of public men to ad-
vocate it. lie urged that] the civil magistrate
had nothing to do to determine of anything
in matters of religion, by constraint or re-
straint. But every man might not only hold,
br.t preach and do in matters of religion what he
pleased. — Knight's Eno., vol. 4, ch. 3.
1103. . Croiatrcll'n Time. Tlu; Pres-
byterian mind of that day, which denianded not
only the right to the expression of their own
convictions, but also the repression of all who
followed not with them. Did not Milton say of
them that ' ' Presbyter was priest spelt large ?"
Indeed, in that day there was a universal dis-
position to persecute and repress ; it was not
that persecution, in itself, was judged a crime,
only when it assailed the order of particular opin-
ion. Toleration was regarded by Episcopalian
and Presbyterian as an abominable Erastianism,
or latitudinarian and Laodicean half-heartedness;
CO^fHC'IENCK.
131
nnd Oliver iilonn stood fortli vlndlciUlnjr lUxTty
of c'oiiHclt'iicc! to nil. — IIood'h Cuomwki.i,, eh.
15, p. lur).
IIO'l. . Crouunil. It Is tliim wo
find liliii Hpcakiii!; on tlii^ 2v!d of .Iiiiiiiiiry, l(l.">,
when lu! HiiiiiinoMi'(l the IIoiimi; to meet lilin lii
tli(! I'uiiitcd Clminltcr : "Is tlifn; not yet upon
tli(^ .spirits of men ii .striuiirc itchinj; '! Notliini;
will Hiilisfy llicni unlcsH they ciin press tlifir
tln),'('r upon llii-ir Itrctlircn's consciences, to ])incli
them there. To do this was no part of the con-
test \\v had witli llic coinnion adversary. And
wherein consisted tins nion; tlian in ol)taininL;
that liiu'rty from the tyranny of the liisjiops to
all species of I'roleslanis to worship ()od accord-
int; to their own liirhl and consciences ? For
want of whicli many of our hreilireii forsook
tlieir native? countries to seek their hread from
straiifiers, and to live in howliuf^ wilderness<'s ;
and for wliicji also many that remained here
weri! imprisoned, ami otherwise ahused and made
the scorn of the nati(ni. Those that were sound
in the faith, how proper was it for them to lalior
for liherty, for a just liherty, that men mii^ht
not he trampled upon for their consciences ! Had
not they themselves lahorcd hut lately under
the weijtht of persecution V And was it tit for
them to sit heavy upon others ? Is it in!j:ennous
to ask liherty, and not give it '/" — Hood's C'ltoM-
WKLL, oh. ih, p. 197.
1105. CONSCIENCE perverted. The J<i<iiit>i.
In th(! hooks of casuistry which had heen writ-
ten hy his brethren, and printed with theaiipro-
bation of his su])eriors, were to Im; found doc-
trines consohitor}' to transi^res.sorsof every class.
There the bankrupt was taught how Ik; ndi^ht,
without sin, .secrete his yoods from his creditors.
The servant was tau,!j;ht how he mijiht, without
sin, run oil with his master's plate. The pander
was u.ssured that a Christian man miirht imio-
feiifly earn his livin,!; by carryinj^ letters and
messages between married women and their gal-
lants. The bigli-spirited and i)unclilious gen-
tlemen of France were gratified by a decision in
favor of duelling. The Italians, accustomed to
darker nnd baser modes of vengeance, were glad
to learn that they might, without any crime,
shoot at their enemies from l)ehind hedges. To
deceit was given a licen.se sullicient to destroy
the whole value of human contracts and of hu-
man testimony. In truth, if society continued to
liold together, if life and i>roperty enjoyed any
security, it was becau.se common-.sen.se and com-
mon humanity restrained men from doing what
the Society of Jesus assured them they might
with a sate conscience do. — Macaui-ay's Eng. ,
ch. 6.
1106. . Ilernninlo Corkz. His will
contained one pa.ssage so curious, that I will
conclude by copying it. After reconunending
his heirs to treat the Indians with humainty, he
proceeds thus: "It has been long a question
whether we can, in good conscience, hold the
Indians in slavery. This question not having
yet been decided, I order my son, Martin, and
iiis lieirs to spare no pains to arrive at a knowl-
ctJge of the truth on this point, for it is a matter
whicli interests deeply their conscience and
mine." Who would have thought to find such
a passage in the will of a Cortez ! Nothing is
more certain than this, that Cortez, in all that
he did in Mexico, fully believed that he was an
instrument in the hand of a benevolent Ood ;
for he found .Mexico pagan, and left it Catholic.
Ma.s.sacre, rapine, devaslatioii, the betrayal and
nuirder of a king, the fall of an empire— iheso
wen^ as nothing in view of a result like this !
So thought all good Siiainardsof that age. — Cv-
ti,on:i>iA OK llnxi., p. Wl'l.
1107. . Jiiri/iKM Clctitaif, .V young
and igiinran; Dondnican monk, nume(l .laccpies
Clement, WHS .irtfuliy jvrevailed u])on to regard
the murder of the king | Henry 111. I under such
circumstances as not oidy a lawful, out a highly
meritorious, enterprise. He . . . prepared him-
self for the (h'cd bv fasting, the sacraments, and
prayer. , . . Having procure<l a pass , . . and
a forged letter of recommendation to the king
. . . was ciaiducled by an ollicer to the king's
cpiarters. On entering Henry's i)resence he
stated that hi' was chargi'd with a coninuud-
cation of grave importance, which could only
be made to his .Majesty in jjrivate. The king,
without sus])icion, directed tla^ attendants to
retire; and while he was engaged in reading
the ]iaper presented to him, the monk suddenly
drew a kidfe from his sleeve and ]>luiiged it
into his alxlomen. The king drew the weapon
from tlu! wound and struck Clement on the
face, crying out, "Oh, tlu! wicked inoidi, ho
has slain me !" ui)on which tla^ guards rushed
in and despatched the wretched as.sassjn on the
spot with their halberds. — Stidio.nts' Fua.nck,
ch. 17, ij 14.
1108. CONSCIENCE, Phantom of. c»ii.i/,uis
IT. Tlu! Emperor Constans II. could lly from
his people, but he could not lly from himself.
The remor.se of his conscience' created a |(han-
tom who nursued him by land and sea, by day
and by night ; and the visionary 'I'heodosius,
liresenting to his lips a cup of blood, said, or
seemed to v, " Drink, brother, drink ;" a sure
emblem of 'ii^ aggravation of his guilt, sinces
he had received from tlu! hands of the deacon
the mystic cup of the blood of Christ. Odious
to himself aiul to mankind, ('onstans |)erished by
domestic, jierhaps by episcopal, treason, in tho
capital of Sicily. (He had caused the murder
of his brother Theodosius.J — Giiiiio.Ns KoiiK,
ch. 48.
1109. CONSCIENCE, Power of. B, nj.niun Ab-
bott. [Before conversion he was a rude, igno-
rant, boisterous man, given to drinking, tighting,
and gambling. When forty years old he was
awakened by a sermon ; his (u)n.s<'ience was
aroused ; driving homeward, he believed that tho
tempter was immediately behind him : his anx-
iety was terrible, his hair " rising on his head."
His mind had evidently become morbid under
its moral sulferings. His dreams that night were
appalling ; the next day, .seeking relief in tho
labors of the field, his "troubled heart beat so
loud that he could hear the strokes." He threw
down the scythe, and " stood weeping for liis
sins." Tnily a sublime manifestation of the
power of conscience in a rude soul I lie became
a second John Bunyan, and won many hun-
dreds to Christ.]— Stevens' M. E. CuuiiCH, vol.
1, p. 199.
1110. CONSCIENCE quickened. Bi/ Crime.
When the crime was over [the Koman emperor
assassinated his mother], Nero first perceived
Ii
I'M
C'ONHCIKNCK.
ItH nin>rnltn(|p, nnd was wlzcd with tlin npony
of a too l>ri(f terror iiiiil rciiKirHc, TIktc is in
irn'iil. crlinix an awful power of illtiininallon.
Tlicy ll^'lil np the conscience wilii a ^Maie wliicli
isliows all liiinL''s in llieir true hiileotisnesM. lie
Hpeiit tlic niirlit in oppressive silence. For llie
first, litnc in liis life liis sleep was (lislnrlied
l>y (Ireiinis. He nfien slarled n|> in terror, anil
«lrea<le<l liie reliirn of (lawn, 'I'lie ^^rcpus tiallery
ami livpocrilical con^'ratnlations of his frieiufs
Hoon iljssipateil nil persnnal alarm. Hut scenes
caiuiol eliMnL''e I heir aspect, as easily as the ciani-
tenances (if men, and there was lo him a deadly
look in tlic sea and shore | where he had previous-
ly .souirht to drown Idsnioilier). From the lofty
summit of Misenuin >rhoslly widlimfs and the
l>last of a solitary trum|M't .seemed to reai'h him
from his ninihcr's grave. — F.vi{ii.\u's Ivvm.v
J).\VH. ch. :i, ]). :'7.
I II I. . Ucinii iif JiiiiKM If. I Lord
Clnirchill, the Duke of Marihoroujjh, wa.s a
I'rotestant ireiieral, and every worldly interest
protnpted liim to |)leaMe the kin^ wlio had es-
pou.sed the Honian Catholic cause.] Churchill
might indee<l . . . rai.se himself still liighor in
the royal favor by (conforming to the Church
of Hi;ni(> ; and it might .seem iliat one who was
not less distinguished for avarice; and l)ius<.'iu-s.s
than for cajiacitv and valor \va.s not likely lo be
shocked at liearuig a masN. Hut .so inconsistent
is human nature, that there arc tender spots
even in seared consciences. And thus this man,
who owed 1ms ri.s(; in life to his sister's shame
(as mistress to the Duke of York], who had
Uen kept by the most profu.se, im|K'rious aiul
shameless of harlots [I lie Duchess of Cleveland],
and whose puljliu life, to those who can Iook
tliroiigh a blaze of genius and glory, will ap-
pear a |)rodigy of turpitude, believedi imiilicitly
in the religion he had learned when a boy, and
shuddered at tlu; thought (»f abjuring it. . . .
The one crime from which his heai'l recoiled
was apostasy. — Macm;i..\y's KN(i., ch. 7.
1112. CONSCIENCE a Eeminder. Kiiui Philip.
Philip k(|)l a man in his .servici' to tell liiin every
(lay iM'i'ore he i;av(! audience, " Fliilip, remember
thou art niiirt.-il. " — Uom.i.n, vol. 1, ch. 14.
1 1 i;i. CONSCIENCE, Sale of. llnun of.TamfH
JT. (.lames asked the Scottish Parliament to re-
move the puliiical di.siibilitiesof hisKoman Cath-
olic brethren. | The; kinge.xhorled the estates to
give relief to his iioman Catholic subjects, and
ofVered. in return, a free trade with I'^ngland and
nnamncsiy for political ott'ences. . . . Objection
was t.aken by some zealous Protestants to the men-
lion inadeof the Roman Catholic religion. There
was no such religion. There was nn idolatrous
apostasy, wliich the laws punished with the hal-
ter, and to which it did not l)ecome Christian
men to give flattering titles. To call such a
superstition Catholic was to give up the whole
qu(islion Avhicli was at issue between liome and
. the reformed churches. The oll'er of a free trade
with England was treated as an insult. "Our
fathers," .siiid one onitor, "sold their king for
Bouthern gold, and we .still lie under the reproach
of that foul bargain. Jjet it not be said of ua that
•we have sold our God !" — M.\caulay'8 Eno.,
ch. 6, p. 111.
1114. CONSCIENCE, Scruples of. Puritam.
Some precisians hud scruples about teaching the
Latin grammar Iwcause the nann of Mhm, Bac-
chus, and .\pollo occurred in it. The tine artM
were all bnl proscribed. The solemn peal of the
orirau was superstitions. The light iiiunIc of
lien .lonson's masks was dis,soliite. Half the
line paintings of lOngland wen; Idolatrous, luid
the plhcr half Indecent. |.Se(! Pleasures (Nm-
demned, .No. I'.HtT. |-.Ma(Ai;i.ay"h Eno., ch. 1,
p. 7tl,
1 1 lA. CONSCIENCE, Terrori of. liomcin Km-
]Mn>r 'riiiiiilorir. After a llfeof \irtueand glorv,
Theodoric was descending with shame and giiilt
into the grave; his mind was humbled bv tho
contrast of the past, and Justly alarmed by tlio in-
visible terrors of fulnrily. (Ma- evening, as it is
relalc(l, when the head of a large lish was served
on the royal table, he suddenly e.velaimed that
he beheld I he angry countenance of Sy mmachus,
his eyes glarini; fui'v and revenge, and his mouth
armed with long, siiarji teeth, which threatened
to devour him. The monarch instantly retired
to his chamber, and. as he lay, trembling with
aguish cold, under a weight of iK'dclothes, Ini
expressed, in broken murmurs to his physician
KIpidiiis, his deep repentance for the murders of
Hoethius and Svmmachus. His malady increas-
ed, and after adysentery which continued llinco
days, he expired in tlit; palace of Itiivenna, in tlu!
thirty-third, or, if we comjiute from the invasion
of Italy, in the thirty-seventh year of his reign. —
(illlllONS Ro.MK, ch. ill).
1110. CONSCIENCE, Uneducated. En (/ link
S/iine Triidi'. Englisli .ships, titled out in English
cities, under the special favor of the royal fam-
ily, of the ministry, and of I'arliament, stole from
Africa, in the years from 1700 to 1750, jirobably
a million and a half of .souls, of whom one eighth
were buried in the Atlantic, victims of the jias-
.sagi; ; and yet in England nogeneral indignation
rebuked tla; enormity ; for the public opinion
of the age was obedient to materialism. — Ban-
cuokt'h U. S., vol. !J, ch. 24.
1 1 ir. CONSCIENCE, Victory of. Sir Thomai>
Mi>ir. In the general opinion of Euro|ic, the
foremost Englisliinan of the time was Sir Thom-
as More. As the policy of the divorce ended in
an ojien nipture with Home, he had withdrawn
silently from the ministry. Triumphant in all
else, the monarchy was to find its power stop
short at \\\v conscience of niaii [who would not
acknowlt'd.ire that Jleiiry ^'llI.'s marriage with
Catherine was unscriptural, and thus forward
the licentious remarriage of the king|. Tla;
great battle of spiritual freedom, the battle of tlw'
Protestant against Alary, of the Catholic again.st
Elizabeth, of the Puritan against Charles, of the.
Independent airainst the Presbyterian, began at
the moment when Alore refu.sed to bend or to
deny his convidions at a king's bidding. "I
thank the Lord," More said, with a sudden start,
as the boat dropped silently down tho river from
his garden steps in the early morniiifj — " I thank
the Lord that the field is won." At Lambeth
Cranmerand his fellow-commissioners tendered
to him the new oath of allegiimce ; but, a.s they
expected, it wius refused. They bade him walk
in the garden that ho might reconsider his reply.
— IIisT. OK Eng. Pkoi'le, i- .'579.
lll§. CONSCIENCE, Warning of. Chnrlr« T.
lie thought to lessen the horror and ingratitude
of the act by appointing a commission of three
CONSCIENCK— ( ONHKUVATISM.
lita
irK'tnlKTs of hlH ((umcil, ami di-lfffnllniL' to ll»iiii
the power of Hi^rninfr the pitrliaiiKiitiirv iliiitli
wiirnint njj^nlinit StnilTonl. Tim coiiuiilsviiom'rs
rulitW'il tilt! Ni;tit<>iuf, iiikI tli)> kin)i( slmi liiniMcIf
up to wt'cp, ikiid livoid llic li^'ht of Hint iiiiirniii^t
which wiiH to witness the full of his ruithfiil ami
iiimieent strvaiil. Me tlioii^r||t (Imt, liy olijiierat
ill); this (lay from his life lie would also e\piiiiu''e
It from the iiieiiiory of heaven ami iiimii. lie
iwisseti the whole iiij;lit indaikiiess, in pniyers lor
fh(! dyln;r. and in tears ; liiit the sun rose "to com
nieniorat(; tln^ injUHtice of the niomii'ch, the
treachery of the fiiend, and the ^rrentness of
soul of th(! victim. "' I have sinned a;;i'iiisl niy
conscience," wrol(! the kinj; several yean after
t<; the (|ueen, when ri'proaciiinjf himself for thai
>i)?ru»lur(! driiwii from him by the love he lioic
Ills wife and children. "It warned meat the
lime; I was seized with remorse at the instant
when I Hi|;;ned this lia.se and criminal conces
wion." ... "Ah ! SiralTord isliapi)ierthan lam,"
replied tl\(» prince, concealing; his eyes with his
hands. "Tell him that, diil it not concern the
sufctv of tho kiiufdom, I would willinirly jrive
my life for his 1" — J>am.\iitink's Cho.mwi.i.i,,
p. i:}.
1119. CONSCIENCE, Worthleu. .huma 11.
Arthur llertiert was lirother of the cliier justice,
nKjndwT for Dover, master of the ri>lies, and rear-
adinirulof KnKlnixl. Arthur llerhert wasniuch
loved by tho wiilors, and was reputed one of the
best of tho aristocratic class of naval oHicers.
It had been x^nerally HUi»posed that he would
readily complv with royal wishes ; for ln( was
licedless of relipion, Ik- wius fond of pleasuri! and
expense, he had no privato estates, his places
brought him in i;40(M) a year, and he liau lonif
been reckoned among tlu; most devoted person-
al adhenintsof James. When, however, llie rear-
admiral was closeted, and reipiired to j)romi.se
that ho would vote for the rei)eal of the Test Act,
his answer was, that his honor and conscience
woidd not permit him to give any such pledge.
"Nobody doubts your honor," said tho king;
" but a man who lives as you do ought not to
talk about his conscience." To this reproach —
a reproach which came with a bad grace from
the lover of Catharine Sedley — Herbert manfully
replied : " I have my faults, sir ; but I could name
people who talk much more about conscience
than I am in the liabit of doing, and yet lead
lives as loo.sc as mine." H(! was dismissed from
all his places. — Macaulay'b Enu., cli. 7.
1120. CONSCIENCE wronged. Anrril GrniuK.
[Brutus, the a.s8iis.sinator of L'le.sar,] sat in his tent
ut dead of night and thought a huge shadowy
form stood by him ; and when he calmly a.skecl,
" What and whence art thou '!" it answ'ered, or
.seemed to answer, " I am thine evil genius, Jiru-
tus ; we shall meet again at Phihppi." — Liu-
dell's Ro.ME, cli. 69, ^ 22.
1121. CONSECBATION for Conflict. Knights.
As tho champion of God and the ladies (I blush
to unite such discordant names), he devoted him-
self to speak the truth ; to maintain the right ;
to protect the distressed ; to practise ourtesy, a
virtue less familiar to the ancients ; to pursue the
infidels ; to despise the allurements of ease and
safety ; and to vindicate in every perilous ad-
venture the honor of his character. The abuse
of the same spirit provoked the illiterate knight
to distlain the arts of industry and peace ; to cm-
teem himself the sole Judge and avmger of his
own injuries; and tnoudly to lu^deii the Iuwh
of civil society and military disc IpiJne, — Ihu-
noNH Uo.\iK, ("h. r,H, p. ruM.
1124. CONSECRATION without Faith. J"/in
Widiy. [lie was earnestly srckini!: the knowl-
edge of his personal salvation, when lie read Tay-
\tiv\ " Holy Living and Dying," which enforces
utter imrlly of motive; Tie " insijiiiily resolves
to dedicate nil his life to Ond ; all lii^' thoughts,
words, and actions, being thnrouglily cniivinceil
llieri! is III) medium." lie " forsaken all" to b(!-
conie a nd.ssionary to savages and cnlcnii^ls in tli(i
new world. lie goe" 'o (Jeoriria, where he fasts
much, sleeps on the ground, ami refuses all fond
but bread and water; he gnes liareluol to en
courage the poor children who had no shoes.
Vet it all brought him no peace of n>'iid. Hut
after returning to Kiiglana Luther's preface to
tli(! Kpistle to tint Hoinans is read in a .Moravian
meeting, and the truth breaks upon his mind. |
" I felt," he writes," my heart slraiii,'ely warnu 1;
I felt I did trust in ( 'hrist alone for salvation,
and an assurance was given me that lie liatl tak-
en away m^ sins, even mine, and saved me from
the law ol sin and death." — Sikvk.ns' M. K.
Ciii'iui!, eh. I.
1 1 2:1. CONSENT enforced. Intimiilniini,. The
abandoned Caracalla more than oiici' :itteiiipt4'd
the lite of his father, who, at leiiglli, broken
by disease, died at York [a. I). 211. The broth-
ers] Caracalla and (}ela agreed to divide the ein-
l)ire, the former retaining the Western part,
and tlu! latter Asia and \\w J'jistern pn)vinces.
'V\w mutual halrcfl of tliosc! two bmihers was
now fomented by their aRsocialion in thegovern-
nu-iit. C'aracalta, at length worn out by the
struggle, and unable to l>ear longer with his ri-
val, caused him to be openly assassinated in tin;
arms of his mother .Julia, and had theaddressto
persuad(! the peo|)lo that he was coini)elled to this
atrocious dvvd by motives of self-preservation.
On this subject /Elius Spartianus lias transmit-
ted a fact, which strongly marks the degeiiera-
cv of the Uoman character, and that aliject ser-
vility with which the highest ranks of the stato
submitted to the yoke of tyrannj'. Caracalla,
after the dcfatli of his brother Oeii, thought it
nec(!S8ary to apologi/.o to the Senate for a deed so
dark and unnatural. He ordered a body of lii.s
guards to enter the Senate-hou.se, and two armed
soldiers to jiost tliem.selves at tlie side of every
•senator. Then gravely walking up to the con*
sul's chair, he pronounced a .studied harangue,
setting forth the imperious necessity of the ac-
tion, and urging that his concern for the intoresis
of the state had, in this single instance, overcome
his fraternal affectitm and the humanity of his
nature. It may be believed that the Conscript
Fiithers were in no disposition to dispute the
force of his arguments. Caracalla was now pro-
claimed sole emperor, and one of the tirstactsof
his administration was to put Ut death the cele-
brated lawyer Paplnian, who had refu.sed to jus-
tify his conduct to the peojile. — TYTLiius Hist.,
Book 5, ch. 2.
1124.C0NSEBYATISH cured. Peter the Great.
There was a good deal of fun in the composition
of this illustrious patriot, imd he turned it to good
use sometimes in throwing ridicule upon the an
■I
I
l.'i4
( ONSKIIVATISM-CONSOI.ATION.
ctont n<uttr(<M. Otic I'lilil )liiy in tlic winlcr of
17():t, III' liivlti'd III! his (oiirl jiikI id. ilily lout
trtlil III)' WCililillK of nlii> (if hJH l)lltTiintm ; uiiil
111- WMH very piii'lli'iiliir tliut llu' olil fo^^lcs of llic
I'lnpirt' hIiuiiIiI I)<< prcHi'iii, lie jlTHVi' nolici' llmt
IIiIm \V('(iilillK Wjis III III' ci'/i'linitril iirr<il'ilin>r III
tliii " iiMijfi'H of iiiir MiicrHlnrs," anil lliiil t'vcry
one idiinI coinr iIitmsi'iI in llii> inannrr of IIu'nIx
trriilli iTiiliiry. ArfiinlliiKly, nil llir jfiirslH ap
]irarnl in lniii; Unwind A^<iatir rulii's uf llic an
cicnl UiisHJMns, III Mil' inrrriininl of tin' wlmli'
t'liiirt. Il was an aniirnt ciiHtinn llial on a wnl
ilin^ ilay no liri' hIioiiIiI In- kinillcil in Ihr Iioiihi' ;
anil, tliri'i-l'ori', llii' |ialarr was as rolil as inorlai
IIi'mIi iiMiJil III ill'. " ( >nr anrcsloi-H" iliunii only
liriinily. ami so on llii.s day not a ilmp of any
inilili'i' liijiiiir was allowcil. All Ihr liarliaroiis
iiiiii inilrri'iil cwsioins roi'inrrly in vii;;urat writ
(lilies wi'iT rcvivnl lor this orcasion. ami whrn
any om- oliji'clcil or roinplainril, IIh' c/.ur wowlil
reply, laiiKliiiiK : " Onr anri'siors iliil so! Air
not ihi- anrirnt customs always the licsi y" 'I'IiIm
ridicnloiis f^lc, il is saiil, hail inncli to liii in
lirin^ini; the olil iisa;,'i's inlo iliscrcilit, ami rec
oiicilin^ tiiniil |ieo|ilc lo the new ways inlioiiiiccil
by the c/.ar. - Cvi . ok IJiou., p. I;il.
1 1 il5. CONSERVATISM, Dangers of. /'/'. . I /'
noltl. At Lomliin, win ic lie wisiieil rcliirioiis,
not Kcclarian, cxaniinatinn to lie introiliiccil into
llic rniversiiy, he wiw repi riled as a liiju'iit, while
III Oxford he was repirdcd as an extreme lalitu
dinarian. " If I had two necks," said he, " I
think I had a very^rond chance of licln;; han>;eil
by both sides."— Hmim;h' IJiukk IlioiniAniiKs,
p. Wt.
IlilO. CONSERVATISM deioribed. I'lmn-ro-
tiim. Uoliert Cecil, Karl of Salislniry, has lieen
(ioscribeil by Hacon as a most lit man to keep
Ihinjis from ju'rowinji worse, but no verv lit man
lo reduce thinjj:^ to be much better. — Ix.muut'k
En(i., vol. ;«, eh. yu, p. ;trii).
Iliir. CONSERVATISM, Ezoeiiive. IMun »f
C/mrliM II. Danby funned the design of .secur-
ing to the Caviilier party I he exclusive possession
of all political power, liolli executive! and lej^is-
Ifttive. In the year KITi), accordiiiffly, a bill was
olTered to the Lords, wliich provided that no
person should hold any onice, or should sit in
«'illier House of Parliament, without Wr^i declar-
ing on oath that hit considered resistance to tlie
kingly i>ower as in ail cases criminal, and that
be would never endeavor to alter the govern-
ment either in Church or State. . . . Hticking-
liam and Shaftesbury were beyond all precedent
vehement and pertinacious, and at length jjroved
Kuccessful. 'V\w bill was not indeed rejected,
but was retarded, mutilated, and at length suf-
fered to dr()(). — MA('.\t:i..vv'H Knii., eh. 2.
liaw. CONSERVATISM, Foolish. Anti-pro-
f/rrmir. [In HilSd a eompaii}' was formed who
undertook to drain ninetv-tive thou.sand acresof
wet land in England, 'I'he sport.smeii opposed
it.] The men who walked iijwn stilts were in-
dignant at these innovations, which threatened
to exterminate tlu; wild ducks, which they cher-
ished as more profitable than sheep or oxen ;
and they destroyed the drainage works in true
conservative .sjjiril. — Ivniuut's Enci., vol. 7,
ch. 1.
1 120. CONSERVATISM, Non-progressive. J)id-e
of Newcastle. [lu Eugland, previous to tliis date,
17'M, till' year had Nrn nimie to \\t>f^n with
'J.'ilh of March My the energy of Lord ChcHter-
tii'lil it wiiN changed III the 1st of .laiiiiary. | Tlu)
timid I Duki'iif I Newi asili' lold him that lie lialeil
'W faiigled tilings — that he had better not med'
Kmoiith
III
"o*?
lie with things so long eslitlilislied.-
K.Mi., vol. (I, ch. I J. p iwl
IlilO. CONSERVATISM, Opposition of. To
ISiliir. lAir several yrafs a prodigious clamor
\siis riiiHcd agaiiisl Ihfs force, not only by thieves
and streel walkers, but by respectable iipholderH
of the ancient walcli. 'I'he new police wan to
be " the most dangerous and ell'eclive engine of
despotism." Il wiiulil liavc the certain eirect of
depriving us of our imincinorial lilierties. —
KMiiiirH K.Nii., vol. 8, ch. i;j, p, 'v'ICJ.
li:il. . Miiiri*. For three centii-
ries the exportation of coals to foreign countrie.'*
was alniosl prohibil''il by excessive dtilies, lest
the mines slioulil be e\)iauNtcd and our own
manufacturing superiority he endangered. —
Iv.MiiHTH K.Mi., vol. 'i, ch. 2W, p. 47H.
Il9'i. CONSERVATIVE, Political. T.onI ir<iU.
fii.r. All the prejudices, all t lie exaggerations
of both till' great parties in the Slate, moved liiv
scorn, ill' despised ihc mean arts and iinreii'
sonable clamors of demagogues, lie des|iiseii
still more Ihe'roiy ilociiines of divine right and
|iassive olii'dience. He sneered impartially ut
the bigotry of tlieCliurchman and at the bigotry
of the I'liritan. . . . In temper lie was what, in our
time, is calleil a Conservative. Inllieory he wits
a Hepublican. . .. He was the chief of tlio.se piil-
iticians whom the two gnat parties contemntu-
iiiisly called Trimmers. Inst'ud of ipiarrellii^
with his nickname, he ass> I it as a title
honor, and vindicated, wit l vivacity, tlio
dignity of tiie iippellation. Ihinggoiid, ho
said, trims between extremes. The temperato
/.one trims between Ihe climati! in which men
nrv roasted and the climate in which they aro
frozen. . , . Virtue is noihing but a just temper
between propensities, any one of wliich, if in-
dulged to excess, becomes a vice. — Macaulay'b
Emi., ell. ;}.
1 13.1. CONSISTENCY, Disregard for. Jomfn IT.
[Catherine Sedley was Ihe notorious mistress of
.lames. His wife, Mary of iModena, was grieved.]
She asked him how he reconciled his conduct ti)
his religious professions. " You are rea(]y,"sho
.said, "to init your kingdom to ha/.anl for tlio
sake of your .soul, and yet you aro throwing
away your soul for the sake of thai creature."
Father I'etre, on bended knees, seconded fhe.so
remonstrances. It was his duty to do so ; and
his duty was not the less strenuously jwrformed
becau.se it coincided wiili his interest. Tljeking
went on for a time sinning and repenting. Inhi.s
hours of remorse his jienanccs were severe. Mary
treasured np to the end of her life, and at her
death beipieathed to the convent of Chaillol,
the scourge with which he had vigorou.sly aveng-
ed her wrongs upon his own shoulders.— Ma-
cavlay'h Enu., ell. (i.
1134. CONSOLATION of Fliilosophy. Jiomnn
Senator Jhct/iiiis. [Imprisoned by Theodoric
for maintaining the rights of .senators.] AVliilo
Boethius, oppressed witli fetters, expected each
moment the .sentence or the stroke of death, he
composed, in the tower of Puvia, the " Consola-
CONSFMHACY-CONSTUrcTlON.
13ft
tlon of IMiiloMopliy," Ik K<>l<l*'» voliitiic, imt iiii-
witrtliy (if IMiitd or Tally. . . . Tlic (clcMlliil
^iiiili' wlioni III' liiiil Hnloii);iiiviik)'il at Itonii'uiiil
Allii'iiM now roiiili'Hi'i'iiilril to llliiiiiiiic liis iliiii
>rrotl. . . . Hill' lilll);llt llllll In I'onipiU'c Ills |oli){
|irospi'iily with Ills rcriiil illHirrsM, and lo con
ri'lvo new liopcs from llir iiironHiiuicy of fort
line. , . . Illsriii'inli's had lifl liiiii happiiirsM, in-
nHnuK'li MM they hail Irfl liliii vlrliu', - Giniio.NM
UiiMi:, eh. :«»■
li:iA. CONSPIRACY, Alarming. Ii,i;in of
WilUitiii f, A><Ha,sNJiialion was an rvml of dally
ot'ctirrcni'i'. Many Nonnaiw Hiiddnily disnp
pcarod, li'iivlnj^ no Iran'. 'I'lic rorpHcs of niiiiiv
were found lHariiii,'lhf marks of violence. Dtnlli
liy torture wasilenoiiiicedaptlti>t the niiirderers,
iind Ntrlcl Ncarcli was made for Ihcin, Imt p'ner-
nllv in vain, for the wliolc nation was in ii con-
Mpfnicy to Hcreeii them. It, wa.s at lcn>;lh tliou^ht
necessary to lay a heavy tine on every hiindrt'd
in which II person of |<*rencli extraction nIioiiIiI
lie found slain ; and this rc>;ulatioii was followed
up liy another re^rulation, |irovidini^' tlial every
]ierNoii who was found Niain sliould lie suppoHcd
to Im! II Frenchman, unlcHNhc wa.s |iroved to Ihiii
Hiixon. — MA(At'i,.\v'H KN(i.,ch. 1, p. Vi.
1130. CONSPIRACY, Infamoui. liojiiilintH. a.i>.
1770. A secret plot was fosieied by Tryon . . .
through the royalist mayor of New York and
tilhers. to prepare a lioily of conspirators, who
hhould raise* an insurrection In aid of ilowc on
Ills arrival, blow up the maijay.incs, jraln jio.s.ses-
hion of the K'i>>^> <^>id .sei/t; WashiiiKton mid his
principal olnceis. Some of the inferior a^jents
■vvere.s»ispectcd of havini; intended lo procure his
death. ... It was discovei I before it was ma-
tured. . . . Two or till of Ills own guaril
■were nartncrs in \\w schriue of treachery ; and
<in() ot them . . . was lmn;;cd. It was tlie first
iidlitary execution of llie Revolution. — IJan-
cuokt's U. H., vol. H, cli. «H.
1137. CONSPIRACY, Politioal, It e inn of
CharUn TT. The French Court, which knew
I>anby [the Cliancellorof Eii^IiiikIJ to he its mor-
tal enemy, artfully contrived to ruin him by
making' him pass for a friend. Louis [XIV.], by
the instrumentality of Hulph IVIontague, a faith-
]e.s8 and shameless man, who liad resided in
Fmnce as miid.ster from England, laid before the
House of Commons proof.s that the treasurer
had been concerned in an applicirtion made by
tlie Court to the Court of Versailles for a .sum of
money. Tlio discovery luid its natural elTe<t.
... In their view lie was the broker who had
Bold Enjrland to France. It .seemed clear that
his greatness was at an end, and doubtful whether
his liead coidd be .saved. — .MACAi'i.Av'a Enu.,
th. 2.
1 1 3§. CONSPIRACY, Unpopular. Cwmr. [Cic-
Bar wa.s ii.s.sassinated by tlie .senators in the Sen-
nte hou.se.] The consi)irators had no sooner ac-
complished their i)urpo.se than they ran through
tlie .streets of the city, proclaiming aloud that the
King of Homo was dead ; but the effect did not
answer their expectation. The peoi)le, almost to
a man, seemed struck with horror at the deed.
They loved Cie.sar, master as he was of their lives
aiid liberties. — Tyti.kh's Hist., Book 4, eh. 3.
1139. CONSPIRACY, Unproyen. Sir Walter
Jialeigh. [There wa,s an alleged conspiracy
Jigainst James I.] lla'eigh underwent a trial,
which, though till* iMNiie declared him guilty,
leaver the mind In a nIiiIi' of aliMolute McepllciMin
wllli regard to tlii< reality of this cotiNpiracy, or
of Ills concern in It. Itali'lgh'M M-nleiice witN xwn-
pcnded for the course of llftecn years, during
most of which time lie was contlned in thu
Tower, where he employed himself in the com-
|H)silion of his " History of the World," a work
excellent In point of style, and in many branclie*
valuable in jKiinl of matter. In the last year of
Ills life he received llie king's commission of ad-
miral to undertake an cpedltlon for tlie discov-
ery of some rich mines In Ouiana. 1'liis, which,
if not law , liunianity at least ought to Jiave in-
terpreted intoa pardon of hlsolTeiice, was, how.
ever, not so uniierstood by the monarch, whosu
lieart liad no great portion of the geiieroUH feel-
ings. Halelgh'sexpedltion was unsuccessful ; the
court of .Spain complained of an attrck which lie
had made upon one of their seltlemenls. .lameH
wished to be at peace with Spain, and Ualeigh,
at Ills return, was ordered to be beheaded on
Ills former (tenlenee. — Tvti.iji'm IIiht., Houk U,
ch. 21).
1110. CONSPIRACY of Vice. Colilin,'^. ii.c.
Wl. Serglus Ciitiliiie . . . was a youth of noblu
family, but with a character stained with every
manner of crime. |II<- had been one of the min-
isters of cruelty forSylla, the Mictator, and ri.seii
with lionors. I Lost in character, drowni'd in
('.■'bt, and thence unable lo find any other ru-
source for the support of his vices and debauch-
eries, lu- now formed tli<Mlesperatcsclieine of ex-
lirpallngthe whole body of tlieSeiiiite, of assassi-
nating all the magistrates of tliccommonweallh,
and .satlMling his avaric(! and ambition by tliii
commaiid of the republic and tlie |)lunderof the
city. Catiline gained to his inlerest the i)rotli-
gale of all ranks and denominations ; knighls,
patricians, and senators, wlio were desperate
bankrupts, and some high-born women of in-
triguing and abandoned eliaracler, helped to iii-
crea.se his parly. [Tim disclosuri! made by Ful-
via, a woman of loose eliaracler, defeated tlio con-
spirators.] — Tyti-kh's lIiMT., Hook4, ch. L
1111. CONSPIRATORS, Ingrate. Cmnr'n. Six-
ty senators, in all, were imrlies to the immediate
conspiracy. Of these nine teiillis were memliers
of tlie old faction wliom Ciesar had pardoned, and
who, of all his acts, resented most that lie had
bei'u able to pardon them. They were the men
who had stayed at home, like Cicero, fnmi Hk;
fields of Thapsusand Munda, and had jirelencU.'d
penitence and submission that they might take
an ea-sier road to rid themselves of their enemy.
Tiu'ir motives were the ambition of their order
and personal hatred of Cii'sar ; but they jiersuad-
ed themselves that they were animated by patriot-
ism ; and as, in their hands, llie Republic had
been a mockery of liberty, .so they aimed at re-
storing it by a mock lyraniiicide. — Fjioude's
C.KSAit, ch. 20.
114a. CONSTRUCTION vs. Destruction. Crom-
m'll. April, 1(J5;{, he di.s.solved "the Rump 1"
" We did not hear a dog bark at their going,"
he said afterward in one of his speeches, und
it expresses the very truth of the event. Hence-
forth, until 1058— a brief parenthesis of time,
indeed, in the liistory of tlic country — lie gov-
erned the country ansolutely. In a history ho
brief as this we shall not attempt to detail the cir-
136
CONTEMPT— CONTENT M EN T.
cuniHtancoH of thosp trnubleaomc yours. Alas !
hU his battles had been easy to win (jompiircd
•wilh the task of ruling the dlstrai'lcd reaini. —
IIood'h Cuomwki.i,, eh. 15, p. 180.
1143. COKTSMFT ezp/eMed. Timom: The
flrst epistle of the Mogul (^in|ieror must have
provoked, instead of reconciling, the Turkisli
sultan, whoso family and nation lie affected to
(lespise. " Dost thou not know that the great-
est jJivrt of Asia is subject to our arms and our
laws ? . . . Bo wi.se in time ; reflect ; repent ; luid
avert tnu thunder of our vengeance, which is yet
suspended over thy head ! Thou art no more
than a pismire ; why will Ihou .seek to ))rovoko
the elephants V Alas ! thev will trample thee
under th^ir feet." — (jihbo.n h Uomi:, <h. 0").
1144. CONTEMPT for Pretension. Pinit^-n.
[During the time of Pomi>ey, the pirates of tlie
Mediterranean were very nunxn'ous and bold.
They seized prisoners on the land and carried
them away.] l}\it the most contemjjtuous cir-
cumstances of all Avas, that when they had taken
a prisoner, and he cried out that he was a Roman,
and told them his name, they i)retended to be
struck with terror, smote their thighs, and fell
upon their knees to ask him pardon. The poor
man, seeing them thus humble themselves before
him, th(mglit them in earnest, and .said he would
forgive tjiein ; for .some were so officious as to
put on his shoes, and others to help him on with
his gown, that his qualitv might no moro >)e
mistaken. When they had carried on this farce,
and enjoyed it for .some time, they let a ladder
down into the sea, and iMide lum go in peace ;
and if he refu.sed to do so, tlu-y pushed him off
the deck, and drowned liim. — Plutakch's
" POMPEY."
1145. . Aldfic. [Rome was be-
sieged, and aml)as.sadors sent to Alaric to treat
for peace.] When they were introduoed into
Ids presence they declared, perhaps in a more
lofty -tyle than became their abiect condition,
that the Romans were resolvea to maintain
their dignity, either in peace or war ; and that
if Alaric refu.sed them a fair and lionorable
capitulation, lie might soimd his tnnnpcts,
and prepare to give battle to an iimumerable
I)eople, exercised in arms, and animated by de-
spair. ' ' The thicker the hay, the easier it is
mowed," was the concise reply of the barbarian ;
and this ru.stic metaphor was accompanied by a
loud and insulting laugh, expressive of his con-
tempt for the menaces of an imwarlike populace,
enervated by luxury before they were emaciated
by famine. He then condescended to fix the ran-
som -vliich he would accept as the price of his
retreat from the walls of Rome : all the gold and
silver in the city, whether it were the property
of the State or of individuals ; all the rich and
precious movables ; and all the slave'' who coidd
prove their title to the name of barbarians. Tlie
ministers of the Senate presumed to ask, in a
modest .;ud suppliant tone, " If such, O king, are
your demands, what do you intend to hjave us ?"
' • YouK LIVES 1" replied the haughty conqueror ;
they trembled, and retired. Yet before they re-
tired a short suspension of arms was granted,
which allowed some time for a more temper-
ate negotiation. — Gibbon's RoitfB, ch. 31.
1146. COITTEMPT, Protected by. Usurper
Maximm. The unprotected Maximus, whom
he [Count OerontiusJ had invested with tho
purple, was in(lci)tedforhis life to the contempt
that was entertained of his jiower and abilitiwf.
The caprice of the barbarians, who ravaged
Spain, once more seated tins imperial phantom
on th(! throne ; but they soon resignecl him to
the justice of llonorius; and the tyrant Maxinnis,
after he had Ix^en shown to (he p(!oplc of Ra-
venna and Rome, was ]>ublicly executed. — 'iin-
no.Ns R().ME, ch. !51, p. liO!}.
1147. CONTEMPT, Kellgious. rvritanf.
With the fear and hatred insi)ired by such a tyr-
anny, c(.ntempt was largely mingled. The jwculi-
aritles of the Puritan, his look, his dress, his
dialect. Ins strange .scniples, had been, ever since
the time of Elizal)eth, favorite subjects with
mockers. But these i)ecidiaritics appeared far
more grofestpie in a faction which ruled a great
empire than in ob.scure and persecuted congre-
gations. The cant which had moved laughter
when it was heard on the stage from Tribula-
tion Wholesome and Zeal-of-the-Land Busy, was
still more laughabh; when it proceeded from the
lips of genemls and couu.sellors of State. — Ma-
cailay's Eno., ch. 3.
114!l. CONTENTMENT in Gardening. Dio-
cletinn. [AVhen Diocletian resigned the imperial
purple] he had jireserved, or at least he .soon re-
covered, a taste for the mo.st innocent as well a.H
natural pleasures, and his hdsure hours were
sufflcienliv employed in building, planting, and
gardenmg. Ills answer to Maximian is deserv-
edly celebrated. He was solicited by that rest-
less old man to rea.ssimie the reins of govem-
nieut and the Imperial purple. V.c rejected
the temptation with a smile ,i pity, calmly ob-
.serving that if lie could show Maximian tho
cabbages which ho had planted with his own
hands at Salona, he should no longer l)c urged
to relinquish the enjoyment of happiness for the
pursuit of power.— GinnoN's Rome, ch. 13.
1140. CONTENTMENT under Hardships. John
Wesley. [He] and 1 lay on the floor ; lie had
my great coat for liis pillow, and I had Burkitt'.s
notes on the New Testament for mine. One
morning about three o'clock Mr. Wesley turned
over, and finding me awake, clapped me on the
■side, saying, " Brother Nelson, let us be of good
cheer ; I have one whole side yet, for the skin
is off but one side." — Stevens' Methodism, vol.
1, ch. 5.
1150. CONTENTMENT, Inferior. Samuel
Johnson. Johnson (laughing): "It must bo
born with a man to be contented to take up
with little things. Women have a great advan-
tage that they may take up with little thing.s,
without disgracing themselves ; a man cannot^
except with fiddling. Had I learnt to fiddle, I
•should have done nothing else. " Boswei>l :
' ' Pray, sir, did you ever play on any musical
instrument?" Johnson: "No, sir; I once
bought me a flageolet, but I never made out a
tune." BoswELii : " A flageolet, sir ! so small
an instrument ? I should h.ive liked to hear you
play on the violoncello. That should have been
yowr instrument." Johnson: " Sir, I might aa
well have played on the violoncello as another,
but I should have done nothing else. No, sir ;
a man would never undertake great things could
he be amused with small. I once tried knotting —
Dempster's sister undertook to teach me — but
CONTENTMENT— CONTRADICTIOX.
137
I could not learn It. " — BoswE^i/s Johnson, j
p. 365. I
llftl. CONTENTMEN-r with Poverty. T>i<w
nfs. [Alexander the (}reat and his courtiers
"isite(l Diogenes.] Tiie ijhilosoplier was at the
time lying down in tlie awn. Alexander was
.siirpris(!d at liis povi-rty, and, after .saluting liini
in the kiude.st manner, a.slied whetlierhe wanted
anything. Diogenea replied, "Yes; that yo\i
would stand a little out of my .sunshine." "fhis
answer -aised the indignation and eontemjjt of
all the courtiers ; but the monarch, Hir-.ick with
the philiA^opher's greatness of soul, said : " VV\:p I
not Alexander, I would be Diogenes." — Kollin,
vol. 1, ch. 15.
1152. CONTENTMENT, Price of. Napoleon
I. [Entering incognito the caliin of an Italian
peasant woman, he listened to her .story of pov-
erty, and saw evidences of personal worth.]
" Plow much monej'," said he, "should yo\i want
to make you perfectly happy ?" " Ah, sir !" she;
replied, " a great deat I should want." ..." But
how much ?" . . . " Oh, sir, ... I should
want a.« much as |80 ; but what prospect is there
of one having |80 V" The emperor caused an
attendant to pour into her lap al)out $600 in
glittering gold. For a moment she was speech-
less in bewilderment, and then said: "Ah, sir !
ah, madam ! this is too much ; and yet you do
not look as if you could sport with the feelings
of a poor woman." " No," Josephine replied;
" the money 's all yo.irs ; with it you can now
rent a piece of ground, purchase a flock of
goats, and I hope you will be able to bring up
j'our children comfortably." — Abbott's Napo-
leon B., vol. 1, ch. 2t).
1153. CONTEST, Unequal. Greels m. Jiiis-
gians. Yet the threats or calamities of a Russian
war were more frequently diverted by treaty than
by arms. In these naval hostilities every disad-
vantage was on the side of the Greeks ; their sav-
age enemy afforded no mercy ; his poverty prom-
ised no .spoil ; his impenetrable retreat deprived
the conqueror of the hopes of revenge ; and the
pride or weakness of empire indulged an opinion,
that no honor could be gained or lost in the in-
tercourse with barbarians. At first their de-
mands were high and inadmi.ssible — three pounds
of gold for each soldier or mariner of the fleet :
the Russian j'outh adhered to the design of con-
quest and glory, but the counsels of moderation
were recommended by the hoary sages. "Be
content," they said, "with the liberal offers of
Cnesar ; is it not far better to obtain without a
combat the possession of gold, silver, silks, and
all the objects of our desires V Are we sure of
victory ? Can we conclude a treaty with the sea ?
We do not tread on tlie land ; we float on the
abyss of water, and a common death hangs over
our heads." — Gibbon's Pome, ch. 56.
1154. CONTINGENCIES, Combination of. Cap-
ture of KeiP Orleans. The attempt of the enemy
liad been audacious, but was aided by various
contingencies . . . the river had been obstructed
by means of a raft consisting of a line of eleven
dismantled schooners, extending from bank to
bank, strongly moored, and connect<?d together
with six heavy chains. Unfortunately a violent
etorm had rent a large chasm in the raft, which
could not l)e closed in time. It appears, too, that
on the night of the attack [by the Federal fleet]
the river had not iK'cn lighted by fire rafta, al-
'hough General Lovell had several times request-
ed that it should l»e done. Moreover, the per-
.son in charge of the signals neglected to throw
up rockets on the approach of the; fleet, and, by
a strange coincidence, the enemy's signals, on
that night, wre identically the same as those
used by our '.junboats . . . the advance of the
enemy wasnoi discovered until they wereabreaxt
of the [two] fort.s. — Pom.auu's Fills ' Ykau ok
TiiK Wau, ch. 12, p. 312.
1155. CONTINGENCIES of Success. Colum-
hiiH. [Terrilic and ]ierilous storms nttciided his
r<'turn voyage. All gave themselves up for
lost 1 Such were the difflculties and perils
which attended his return to Europe ; had one
tenth part of them beset his outward voyage,
his timid and factious crew would have risen in
arms against the enterprise, and lie never would
have discovered the New World. — IiiviNu's
Columbus, Book 5, ch. 2.
1156. CONTBACTS, Suspension of. MurciiH
Qrliiis. He told the mob that Ciesur would do
nothing for tliem, that Caesar cared only for his
capitalists. He wrote privately to Cicero that he
was bringing them over to Pompey, and he was
doing it in the way in whi('h preiended revolu-
tionists so often play into the hands of reaction-
aries. He proposed a law in the Assembly in
the spirit of Jack Cade, that no debts should he:
paid in Rome for six years, and that every iv .i-
ant should occupy his house for two years free
of rent. The admini.strators of the government
treated him as a madman, and deposed him from
oflice. He left the city pretending that he was
going to Cicsar. — Froude's C.*;sak, ch. 22.
1157. CONTRADICTION, Proneness to. Sam-
uel Johnson. I was sensible ttiat he was some-
times a little actuated by the spirit of contradic-
tion, and by means of that I hoped I should gain
my point. I was persuaded, that if I had come
upon him with a direct proposal, " 8ir, will you
dine in company with Jack Wilkes ?" he would
have flown into a passion, and would jirobably
have answered, "Dine with Jack Wilkes, sir!
I'd as .soon dine with Jack Ketch." I therefore,
while we were sitting quietly by ourselves at his
house in an evening, took occasion to oj)en my
plan thus: "Mr. Dilly, sir, sends his respect-
ful compliments to you, and would 1x3 happy if
you would do him the honor to dine w ith him on
Wednesday next, a" mg with me, as I must soon
go to Scotland." Johnson: " Sir, I am obliged
to ;Mr. Dilly. I will wait upon liim — " Bos-
well : " Provided, sir, I suppose, that the com-
pany which he is to have is agreeable to you."
Johnson: "What do you mean, sir? What
do you take me for ? Do you think I am .so ig-
nonuit of the world as to imagine that 1 am to pre-
scribe to a gentleman what company he is to have
.It his table ?" Boswell : " I beg your pardoL,
sir, for wishing to prevent you from meeting
people whom you might not like. Perhapjs he
may have .some of what he calls liis patriotic
friends with him." Johnson : " Well, sir, and
what then ? What care / for his patriotic
frieM« * Poh !" Boswkll : " I should not be
surprised to find Jack Wilkes there." John-
son : " And if Jack Wilkes should be there, what
is that to TUf, sir ? My dear friend, let us have
no more of this."— Boswell's Johnson. 306.
■'Wmm^
138
CONTRIBUTION— CONTROVERSY.
115§. CONTBIBUTION, Unoonioiona. Siege
of Acre. a. d. 1709. The siege Imd now contin-
ued for sixty days. , . . Napoleon hud now ex-
pended all his cannon for bulls. By a sinf,'ulur
cxin'dienl he obtained a fresh supply. A party of
soldiers were sent upon the beach. . . . ajipar-
ently throwing? up a rampart for • .■ erection of
ii battery. Sir Sidney [Smith] i mediately ap-
proached -with the Enjilish shii)s and poured in
upon them broadside after broadside from all his
tiers. The soldiers . . . collected the balls as
they rolled over the .sand. [A dollar was jiaid
for each bull.] — Abbott's Nai'oi.kon B., vol. 1,
ch. 13.
1159. CONTIHOVEBSY, Abusive. Lxthcr. A
new pope, Adrian VI., liad ascended the pa])al
throne. Earnest and severe in disposition, he
sought most emi)hatically to crush Luther's her-
esy, which, in spite of ban and edi(;t, was mak-
ing continual progress. Nor did lie hesitate to
attack Lutlier's personal character, and to lieup
abuse upon him. Luther wus not disturbed ut
this ; lie was accustomed to call Adrian " the
jackass !" — Rein's Lutiiku, ch. 13, p. 119.
1 160. CONTEOVEEBY, Afraid of. Geor./e Fo.r,
tlie QiKiker. By degrees the " hypocrites" fear-
ed to dispute with him ; and the simplicity of
his principle found such ready entrance among
the people, that the priests trembled and scud as
he drew near ; " so that it was a dreudful thing to
tliem when it was told them, ' The man in leath-
ern breeches is come.'" — Banckokt'b U. S.,
vol. 2, ch. 10.
1161. CONTEOVEEBY, Angry. SnmndJohii-
son. ^luRUAY : "It .seems to me that we are
not angry at a man for controverting an opinion
which we believe and value; we rather pity him."
.loHNSON : " Why, sir, to be sure ; when you
wish a man to have that belief which you tliink
is of intinite advantage, you wi.sh well to him ;
but your primary consideration is your own quiet.
If a madman were to come into this room with
a stick in his h.and, no doubt we should pity the
state of his mind ; but our primary consideration
would be, to take care of ourselves. We should
knock him down first, and pity liim afterward.
No, sir ; every man will dispute with great good
humor upon a subject in which he is not inter-
ested. I will dispute very calmly upon the prob-
ability of another man's son being hanged ; but
if a man zealously enforces the probability that
my own son will be hanged, I shall certainly not
be in a very good humor with him. " — Boswell's
Johnson, p" 291.
llOa. CONTEOVEEBY, Bitterness in. Liit/wr.
The more Zwingli endeavored to convince Lu-
ther of the inipo.ssibility of the bodily presence of
Christ, the more lirmly did Luther adhere to the
literal interpretation of the words of institution.
And when Zwingli quoted the sixth chapter of
St. John's Gospel in his favor, venturing rather
boldly to remark, " This pas.sage will break your
neck, doctor!" Luther replied, "Do not exalt
yourself too highly ; you are in IIcssu and not in
Switzerland. Necks are not so readily broken
liere ; spare your proud and defiant words until
you return home to your fellow-countrymen. If
not, I will administer a blow which will cause
vou to repent of your remark." Whereupon
Zwingli responded : " In Switzerland also jus-
tice is administered in equity, and no one's neck
is endangered without duo process of law. I
sinqily made use of a jjroverbial saying, whicli
signilies that a person 1ms lost his cause." Tho
Landgrave likewise inteqiosed at this point and
entreated Luther not to understand such an e.x-
pressi(m so .seriouslv. — Rein's Lltuek, ch. 17,
p. 153.
116.1. CONTEOVEEBY, Christian. Luther.
Zwingli declared with tears in his eyes: " There
are no other jieople on earth with whom I would
rather agree than with the Wittenhergers. " But
fjuther rejected the proffered hand of unicm, with
the words, "Your s])irit is different from our
spirit. I am .suriirised that you are willing to
recognize; in me, who regard your teaching to bo
false, a brother. It cannot be that you think
very highly of your own doctrine." Then Bu-
cer, who had come from Strusburg, advanced
and said, "Take your <;lioice ! Either you will
acknowledge no one as brother who may deviate
from you in a single point— in which case you
have no brethren, not even in your own party —
or e'..ie if you recognize .some who differ from
you, then you must also acknowledge us." And
when at la.st the Landgrave exhorted them all
not to withhold the friUernal love which they
owed one' another as brethren, Luther remarked
he would not deny his opponents that love which
he owed to all liis enemies. — Rkin's Lutueu,
ch. 17, p. IT).!.
1164. CONTEOVEEBY, Dread of. Imne New-
ton. Newton resided at tlie University of Cam-
bridge for thirty-three years, devoted to profound
researches in chemistry and astronomy. His dis-
coveries in the nature of light and color remain
to this day the accepted system in all countries.
He was accustonieil to make his apparatus with
his own liands, even to his brick furnaces and
brass-work. He seemed to betiome, at length,
all mind, spending his days in meditation, insen-
sible to all that usually interests mankind. Nev-
ertheless, he was pleasant and amiable in his de-
meanor and exceedingly bountiful in gifts to his
dependents and relatives. So little did he value
the glory of his discoveries, that he was with dif-
ficulty induced to make them known to the world,
having a mortal dread of being drawn into con-
troversy. Some of his most brilliant discoveries
remained unpublished for several years. And
when, at last, his " Principia" had appeared,
which contained the results of his studies, he had
to be much persuaded before he would consent
to issue a second edition. — Cyc. of Bigg., p. 253.
1165. CONTEOVEEBY, Personal. Milton and
Morris. Moms fitted the " Clumor" [a political
pamphlet] with a preface, in which Milton was
further reviled, and .styled a " monstrum horcn-
dum, informe, ingens, cui lumen ademtum."
The secret of the authorship was strictly kept,
and Morus, having been known to be concerned
in the publication, was soon transformed in pub-
lic belief into the author. So it was reported to
Milton, and so Milton believed. He nursed his
wrath, and took two years to meditate his blow.
He caused inquiries to be made into Morus's an-
tecedents. It happened that Morus's conduct
had been wanting in discretion, especially in his
relations with women. He had been equally im-
prudent in liis utterances on some of the certain-
ties of Calvinistic doctrine. — Miltok, by M.
Pattison, ch. 10.
CONTROVERSY— CONVERSATION.
139
1166. CONTROVEBST prevented. Maryland.
The provincial Ifyi.sltitiirc in 1641) . . . eniuted
that no iKTSon bt'lievinj; in tiiefundnincailiil doc-
trines of Christianity should, on account of his
religious innuciplcs or practices, l)e in any wise
distressed. . . . Freedom of con.seience was re-
iterated. ... It was declared a tineable offence
for citizens to ai)ply to each other the opprohri-
oua names used in religious controversy. While
Massachusetts was attempting by proscription to
establish Puritanism, . . . it sometimes happen-
e<l in those days that Protestants escaping froni
Protestants found an asylum with tiie Oitliolic
colonists of the Chesapeake. — Ridi-atii's U. S.,
ch. 26.
116r. CONTEOVERST, Ridiculous. Milton.
Milton's " Defensio Secunda" came out in May,
1654. In this piece (written in Latin) Morns is
throughout assumed to be the author of the
" Clamor," and as such is pursued through many
pages in a strain of invective, in which banter is
mingled with ferocity'. The Hague tittle-tattle
about Morus's love-afiairs is .set forth in the pomp
of Milton's loftiest Latin. Sonorous periods
could hardly be more disproportioned to their
material content. To have kissed a girl is paint-
ed as the blackest of crimes. The .sublime and
the ridiculous are here blended without the step
between. Milton descends even to abuse the
publisher. Viae, who had officially signed his
name to Morus's preface. The nuxture of fa-
natical cholerand grotesque jocularity, in which
he rolls forth his charges of incontinence against
Morus, and of petty knavery against Viae, are
only saved from being unseemly by being ridic-
ulous. The comedy is complete when we re-
member that Morus had not written tne " Clam-
or," nor Viae the prerace. Milton's ra^e blind-
ed him ; he is mad Ajax castigating innocent
sheep instead of Acha;ans. — AIilton, by M.
Pattison, ch. 10.
116§. CONTROVERSY, Spirit of. Constantino-
ple. [Reign of Theodosius. ! Their dioce.se enjoyed
a free importation of vice and error from every
f)rovinee of the empire ; the eager pursuit of re-
igious controversy afforded anew occupation to
the busy idleness of the metropolis ; and we may
credit the assertion of an intelligent observer,
who describes, with some pleasantry, the effects
of their loquacious zeal. " This city," says he,
" is full of mechanics and slaves, who are all of
them profound theologians, and preach in the
shops and in the streets. If you desire a man
to change a piece of silver, he informs j'ou
wherein the Son differs from the Father ; if you
ask the price of a loaf, you are told, l)y way of
reply, that the Son is inferior to the Father"" —
Gibbon's Rome, ch. 27.
Il69. CONVENTS, Refuge in. Fear of Vice.
[Sanuiel Johnson said of religious orders":] " It
IS as unreasonable for a man to go into a Car-
thusian convent for fear of being inmioral, as for
a man to cut off his hands for fear he should steal.
There is, indeed, great resolution in the immedi-
ate act of dismembering himself; but when that is
once done, he has no longer any merit ; for though
it is out of his power to" steal, yet he may all his
life be a thief in his heart. So when a man has
once become a Carthusian, he is obliged to con-
tinue so, whether he chooses it or not. Their
silence, too, is absurd. We read in the Gospel
of the apostles iK'ing s«'nt to preach, but not to
hold their tongues. All severity that doos not
tend to increase good or prevent evil is idle.
I said to the lady abbess of a convent, ' Mad-
am, you are here not for the love of virtue, but
the u;ar of vice.' She said she should remem-
ber this as long as she lived." — Bosweli.'s .Joun-
soN, p. 27").
1170. CONVERSATION, Care in. Cato. \M
the hosi)itable table of Cato the Censor] conver-
sation generally turned upon the praises of
great and excellent men among the Romans ;
as for tile bad and the unworthy, no mention
was made of them, for he would not allow in
his company one word, either good or bad, to
be .said of such kind of men. — PLUTAiicii'a
Cato.
liri. CONVERSATION, Corrupting. Mary
Stuart. [Mary t^ueen of Scots.] One of those
mistresses. Lady Reves, adi.s.sipated woman, cele-
brated by Brantome for the notoriety of her ad-
ventures, was the confidante of the queen. She
had retained for Rothwell an admiration which
.survived their intimacy. The queen, who amus-
ed herself by interrogating her confidante re-
garding the exploits and amours of her old
favorite, allowed herself to be gradually attract-
ed toward him by a sentiment which, at first,
assumed the appearance of a mere good-natured
curiosity. The confidante, divining, or believing
she divmed, the yet unexpressed desires of the
(jueen, introduced Bothwell one evening into the
garden, and even to the apartment of her mis-
tress. This secret meeting forever .sealed the as-
cendancy of Bothwell over the queen. — Lamau
tine's Queen of Scots, p. 17.
1172. CONVERSATION, Gifts for. Saimtel
Johnson. In our way to the clubto-nigi.t, when
I regretted that Goldsmith would, upon every
occasion, endeavor to slnne, by winch he often
expo.sed himself, Mr. Langton observed that
he was not like Addison, who was content with
the fame of his writings, and did not aim also at
excellency in conversation, for which he found
himself unfit ; and that he said to a lady who
complained of his having talked little in com-
pany, "Madam, I have but nine pence in ready
money, but I can draw for a £1000." I observ-
ed thiit Goldsmith had a great deal of gold in
his cabinet, but, not content with that, was al-
ways taking out his purse. Johnson: "Yes,
sir, and that so often an empty purse !" — Bo*
well's Johnson, p. 219.
1173. CONVERSATION, Limit of. Bend-
leather." [Walter] Scott tells a story of Clerk's
being once baffled — almost for the first time — by
a stranger in a stage-coach, who would not, or
could not, talk to him on any sul)ject, luitil at
last Clerk addressed to him {his stately remon-
strance : "I have talked to you, my friend, on
all the ordinary subjects — literature, farming,
merchandise, gaming, game-laws, horse-races,
suit.s-at-law, politics, swindling, bla.sphemy, and
philosophy — is there any one subject that you
will favor me by opening upon V" " Sir," re-
plied the inscrutable stninger, "can you say
anything clever about 'hend-lentherf'" [Clerk
was Scotl's friend.]— IIutton's Life of Scott,
ch. 6.
1174. CONVERSATION vs. Talk. Samuel
Johnson. Though his usual uhra.se for conver-
zSBiSE
H
140
CONVKUSION.
Bntion -wiiH Utlk, yet he miido a disfinrtion ; for
when be on<'<' told me that he dined the <hiy be-
fore (U a friend's liouse, witli " a very pretty
company," and I luslted him if tliere was /^ood
conversation, lie answered, " No, sir ; we iiad
Uilk enon^li, l>iil no roinrrMtion ; tlicre was
notliing diticu8si'.d." — U(jswki-i,'s .Ioiinson, p.
488.
lira. CONVXBSION, Clear. John Hu in/an.
"One (hiy," he says, "as I was travelliii>r into
the country, inusinij on tiie \.i( ke<lness of my
lieart, and eonsidermj^ the enniily that was in
me to (}()d, tlie Scripture came into my mind,
'He liatli made jx^ace throu;j;li tlie t)l()od of His
croas.' I saw tliat the justice of God and my
sinful sotil could embrace and kiss each other.
1 was ready to swoon, not with grief and trouble,
but with solid joy and peace." Everything be-
came clear : the Gospel history, the birth, the
life, the death of the Saviour; how gently He
g>ive Himself to be nailed on the cross for his
(Bunyan'.s) sake. " I saw Him in the spirit,"
he g(x;3 on, "a man on the right hand of the
Father, pleading for me, and have seen the man-
ner of llis coming from heaven to judge the
world with glory." — Fuoudk's IIunyan, ch. 3.
1170. CONVERSION demanded. Pcrnriitns.
The Emperor Attabalipa, at the approach of the
Spaniards, had drawn up his army near the city
of Quito. Pizarro began with offering terms of
friendship, which being disregarded, lie ])repar-
cd himself for a hostile assault. A Tnonk ad-
vanced in the front of the army, holding in his
hand a Bible, and told the inca Altabaiii)a, by
means of an interpreter, that it was absolutely
necessary for his salvation that he should believe
all that was contained in that book. He then
proceeded to set forth the doctrine of the crea-
l5(m, the fall of Adam, the incarnation of our
Saviour, the redemption of man, the power of
the apostles, and the transmission of their author-
ity by succession to the Pope of Rome, conclud-
ing with the donation made by this Pope to Fer-
dinand and Isabella, the predecessors of the Em-
peror Charles v., of all the regions in the New
World. In consequence of this clear deduction,
he ordered the inca immediately to embrace the
Christian faith and acknowledge the pope's su-
premacy. . . , The terrors of a cruel death pre-
vailed on Attabalipa to receive the sacrament
of baptism ; and immediately thereafter he was
strangled at a stake. The same punishment was
inflicted on several of the Peruvian chiefs, who,
from a prin{;iplc of generous magnanimity,
chose rather to suflFer death than disclo.se the
treasures of the empire to its inhuman and
insatiable invaders. — Tytlek's Hist., Book 6,
ch. 21.
1177. CONVEESION, Intellectual. Constnn-
tine. The sublime theory of the gospel had
made a much fainter impression on the heart
than on the understanding of Constantine him-
Belf. He pursued the great object of his ambi-
tion through the dark and bloody paths of war
and policy ; and after the victory he abandon-
ed himself, without moderation, to the abuse of
hia fortune. ... As he gradually advanced in
the knowledge of truth, he proportionally de-
clined in the practice of virtue ; and the same
year of his reign in which he convened the coun-
cil of Nice was polluted by the execution, or
rather murder, of his eldest son. — Ginno>'ft
UoMK, ch. 20.
II 7S. CONVERSION, Peculiar. MurtiriLutlier.
In the year 1510 an Augustitiian monk walked,
with desolate; heart, the streets of Uonie, and,
turning away from tlu! ))()Hij) of her churche.s
and the corruptions of the \ atican, sought re-
lief to his awakened .soul by a.scending, (m his
knees, with peasants and beggars, the staircase of
Pilate, which was su])i)osc(l to have been trod-
den by Christ at His trial, and is now enclosed
near the Lateran Palace. While jjausing on tho
successive steps to weep and imiy, a vciice from
heaven seemed to cry within hiiii, "The ju.st
shall live by faith." It was the voice of apos-
tolical Christianity, and tlic; annouiiceiuent of
the Heformalicm. He tied from the supersti-
tious scene. — Stkvknh' Mi;tuodism, vol. 1,
p. 1!».
1 170. CONVERSION, Remarkable. ILnry Dor-
sey {joutjh. He was a young man of great wealth,
residing at Perry Hall, about twelve miles from
Baltimore, in one of tlie most sjiacious and ele-
gant residences in America at that time. . . .
His wife had been deeply impressed by the Meth-
odist preaching, buthei^)rbade her to hear them
again. While revelling with wine and gay com-
l)anions, one evening ii was propo.sed that they
should divert themselves by going together to a
Methodist assembl}'. A.sbury was the preacher,
and no godless diversion could be found in his
jiresence. " What nonsense," exclaimed one of
the convivialists, as they returned — " what non-
sense have we heard to-night !" " No," exclaim-
ed Gougli, startling them with sudden .surprise —
"no; what we liave heard is the truth, the
truth as it is in Jesus." " I will never hinder
j'ou again from hearing the Methodists," hesjiid
as he entered his house and met his wife. The
impression of the sermon was .so profound that
he could no longer enjoy his accustomed plea.s-
urcs. He became deeply serious, and at last
melancholy, " and was near destroying himself,"
under the awakened .sense of his mis.spent life. . . .
[His converted slaves were happier than he, with
all llis luxuries.] He w<'nt to his chamber,
leaving a large company of friends at his table ;
there lie threw himself upon his knees and im-
plored the mercy of God, until he received con-
.scious pardon and peace. In a transport of joy
he went to his company, exclaiming, " I have
found the Methodist's blessing — I have found
the Methodist's God ! "— Stevens' M. E.
CiiuKCH, vol. 1, p. 287.
IISO. . John Bunijan. Bunyan had
been bred a tinker, and had served as a private
soldier in the Parliamentary army. Early in his
life he had been fearfully tortured by remorse
for his youthful sins, the worst of which seem,
however, to have been sucii as the world thinks
venial. His keen sensibility and his powerful
imagination made his internal conflicts singu-
larly terrible. He fancied that he was under
sentence of reprobation, that he had committed
blasphemy against the Holy Ghost, that he had
sold Christ, that he was actually po.ssessed by a
demon. Sometimes loud voices from heavei
cried out to warn him. Sometimes fiends whis-
pered impious suggestions in his ear. He saw
visions of distant mountain-tops, on which the
sun shone brightly, but from which he was sep-
CONVERSION— CONVERT.
141
nnited by a waslf of snow, llo felt tlie devil l)c-
]iirul him pulling liis clotlirs. lie tliouglit timt
tiic briind of Ciiin had l)Lrii not upon liiiii. \\r
feared tliat lio wiw alKiut to biirHt asunder lilio
Judas. His mental a^ony disordered ids liuallli.
One day lie shook lilie a man in the jmlsy. On
anotlier day ho felt a lire within his breast. It
is dillieult to understand how lie survived sufTer-
inijs so intense and so long continued. At length
the clouds broke. From tho d(;pths of despair
lh(! penitent ])ass(!d to a state of serene felicity.
^n irresistibU- impulse now urged him to impart
to otiiers the blessings of which he was him.self
possessed. He joinod the Baptists. — AIac;a clay's
Eno., ch. 7.
IISI. . Adam (-lurk. When he was
a young man a preacher asked him, " Do you
think that (Jod, for Christ's sake, has forgiven
your sins'/" "No, sir; I have no evidence of
this," the youth replied. lb; was directed to
pray for it, and the pa.ssing word was " like a nail
in a sure ])lac(!." He accompanied his mother
to a class meeting, and soon was fervently .seeking
the .spiritual life of which he heard its simple
members speak. lie sought it through much
mental anguish. . . . One morning, in deep dis-
1re.ss, he went out to his work in the fields; he
began, but could not proceed. He fell on his
knees on the earth, and i)rayed, but seemed to be
without ability to utter even a broken supplica-
tion. . . . His physical strength seems to liave
dei)arte(l from liim. He again endeavored to
pray . . . but the thickest darkness settled on Ins
soul. He fell flat on his face, and tried to jiray.
His agonies were indescribable. He says lie
seemed forever separated from GimI. Death . . .
[would h'.ivelK;en welcome, if it had brought an
end to his painful feelings]. No fear of hell
])roduced these terrible conflicts. . . . Where to
go, what to do, and what to .say he knew not ;
even the words of prayer at last failed. . . : He
experienced a sense ot' the displeasure of a holy
God for having sinned against Him. . . , Passing
through this agony, he felt strongly in his soul,
" Pray to Christ ;" . . . he looked up confidently
to the Saviour of sinni'rs, his agony subsided,
his .soul became calm. He examined his con-
science, and found it no longer a register of sins
again.st God. He searched for liis distress, but
could not tind it. ... A change hiixl taken ]ilace
wthin him for which he had no name. He sat
down upon the ridge where he had bvvn working,
tilled with ineffable delight. He felt a sudden
transition from darknessto light. He was like a
])erson who had entered a new world. . . . He
could draw nigh to God with moi'c confidence
than he ever could to his earthly father. [Thus
did this moral young man l)egin that Christian
life which adorned and sanctified the eminent
scholarship of his riper years.] — StI'JVKns'
Methodism, vol. 2, p. 28(5.
Il§2. CONVERSION, Results of. Constuntine.
Tlic public establishment of t'hristianity may be
considered as one of those important and domes-
tic revolutions which e.xcite the most livelj' curios-
ity, and afford the most valuable instruction.
The victories and the civil policj'of Constantine
no longer influence the state of Europe ; but a
considerable portion of the globe still retains the
imi)re.s,sion wliich it received from the conversion
•of that monarch ; and the ecclesiastical institu-
tions of his reign are still connectcil, by an in-
dissoluble chain, with the opinions, llkc pa.ssions,
and file interests of the present g(!ueration. — Giu-
jion's Ho.mk, ch. 20.
unit. CONVERSION, Sudden. Among Vlitter
Moiiiititinx. ' Are there any drunkards here 't"
cried a Methodist itinerant, as lut pntaehed amid
a mongn'l multitude [in the open air|. " Yes, I
am one," rei)lied a sobbing Irishman, who, return-
ing intoxicated toward his home, had stei)ped
aside to the assembly, supposing it wits witness-
ing a cockfight ; and from thai day he wjih not
oidy reclaimed from his l()ng-(y)nfirined vice, but
became a genuint! (-'hristian. — STKVKNa' Meth-
odism, vol. 1, ]). 2H4.
UN I. CONVERSIONS, Slow. Mahomet. Three
years were silently employed in flu; conversion
of fourteen proselytes, the first-fruits of his mis-
sion ; but in the fourth year he assumed the pro-
phetic ollice, and resolving to imi'>art to his fam-
ily the liglit of diviiu! truth, he i)repared a baii-
(piet — a lamb, as it is said — andabosvl of milk,
for the entertainment of forty guests of the race of
Ilashem. " Friendsand kinsmen, ".said Mahomet
to the assembly, " I offer you, and I alono can
offer, the most jirecious of gifts — the treasures of
this world and of the world to c( nie. God has
commanded me to call you to His .service. Who
among you will sujjport my burden V Who
among you will be my companion and my viz-
ier?" No answer was returned, till the silenco
of astonishment and doubt and contempt wa.s
at length l)roken by the impatient courage of All,
a youth in the fourteenth year of his age. " O
]irophet, I am the man ; wiio.soever rises against
thee I will dash out his teeth, tear out his eyi^s,
break his legs, rip up his belly. O prophet, I
will bethv vizier over them." .Mahomet accept-
ed his olier with transi)()rt. — GiunoNS Komk,
ch. 5(1.
ll»5. CONVERSIONS by the Sword. Chnrle-
mar/iit'. Charlemagne traversed the entire terri-
tory [of the Saxons] to its western exiremity, re-
ceiving the submission of the inhabitants, and
causing them to be bajilized by thousands by tho
army of^priests who accompanied his march. Hut
these co'nversions, as one of tho chroniclers ob-
.serves, being made at the i>oint>)ftlie sword, were
of necessitv insincere. — Studicnts" Fiiance, ch.
5, t; T), p. ().").
11S6. CONVERT, A renegade. Lord Sinukr-
hnid. Sunderland (i)rim( minisier of .lames H.],
less scrupulous and less sensible of shame, resolv-
ed to atone for his late niodenilion, and to re-
cover the royal confidence by an act which, to a
mindimprcs'scd with the importance of religious
truth, nuist hav(! appeared to be one of the most
flagitious of crimes, and which even men of
the world regard as the la.st excess of baseness. . . .
The renegade protested that he had been long con-
vinced of the imiiossibility of flnding salvation
out of the connnunion of Rome, and that his
conscience would not let liim rest till he had re-
nounctKl the heresies in which he liad been
brought up. The news spread fast. At all the
coffee-houses it Wius told how the ])rime-minister
of England, his feet bare, and a taper in his hand,
had repaired to the royal chai)el and knocked
humbly for admittance ; how a i)ricstly voice from
withinhad demanded who was there ; how Sun-
(lerl.-md had made answer that a poor siuner who
142
CONVICTION— COOPERATION.
hud lonp wandered from the true Church implor-
<,'d her to receive! and to absolve him ; liow tlie
doors were opened ; and liow tiie neoplivte par-
toolt of the lioly niystericH. — Macaulay'h Eno.,
ch. 8.
imr. CONVICTION, Popular. Joan of Arr.
Her sanetily seized th(! l>earls of thv people. In
a moment all were for her. Women, Indies, eit-
1/ens' wives, all Hocked to see her at the house
vhere she was slayin/x, with Ww \vlf('of an jidvo
rate to the i)arliamenl, and all returned fidl of
emotion. ]\Ien went there too; and counsellors,
ndvocates, old hardened judijes, who had sulfer-
t'd themselves to Ik! taken tliilher incredulously,
when tlu^y had heard her wei)t even as the wom-
en did. and said. " The maid isof God." — ^Micir-
klkt'h Joan OK A uc, p. 10.
1181. CONVICTION, Prayer for. (Lmv/r mU
ler. When conversin<r with two imiversily friends
— formerly his companions in worldly ])leasuieH
and amusements — he lold them how lini)|)y he
was, and ur^'ed t/icin also to seek the Lord. To
tliis, however, they replied, " Wedo not feel that
we are sinners," upon which \w knelt down in
tlieir i)resence, askini^ God to convince them f)f
Iheir lost condition l)y nature, and afterward
went into his bedroom, where he continued to
pray for them. L'])on returnini^ to his sittini;-
room he found the two yoiir.ij men in tears ; for
God, by Mis Spirit, in answer to prayer, had con-
vinced them both of sin. From that time a work
of irrace commenced in their hearts, and they
became devoted .servants of the Lord Jesus. —
Like ok MDi-i.kk. p. i;5.
11 §9. CONVICTION of Sin. Jia\ John Xd-
son. [John Nelson, who became one of Wesley's
most successful preachers, was a man of jrood
morals from hi.s youth. 1 lis mind became; deeply
a,ffitated on reli^jious subjects. lie went to the
Establi.slied Cluircli and to dissenters' meetings,
visiting chajjel after chapel, but found no relief.]
lie became morbidly iles[)on(lent ; he slept little,
and often awoke from terrible dreams, drip|)ing
with sweat, and shivering with terror. [He went
to hear Wesley preach.] " My heart," lie says,
" beat like the i)endulum of a clock, and when
he spoke I thought his whole discour.se was aimed
at me." " Thisman,"hcHaidtohini.self, " can tell
tiie secrets of my breast ; he has shown me the
remedy for my wretchedness, even the blood of
Christ." [He soon found the jwace he laid been
seeking.] — Stkvexs' Mkthouism, vol. 1, p. 177.
1190. CONVICTIONS maintained, ^f,mnrhu-
sdts Colony. The colony had been much ve.xed
by the efforts of the [London] managers to thrust
on them a minister of the Established Church.
Was it not to avoid this very thing that they had
cometothewildsof the New World ? Should the
tyranny of the prelates follow them even acro.ss
tlie sea and into the wilderness ? There was dis-
tension and strife for awhile ; the English man-
agers withheld support ; oppression wiis resorted
to ; the stores intended for the colonists were sold
to them at three prices ; and they were obliged to
borrow money at sixty per cent. But no exac-
tions could break the spirit of the Pilgrims ; and
the conflict ended with the purchase of whatever
rights the London proprietors had in the colony.
— Ridpath's U. S., ch. 13.
1191. CONVICTIONS, Eeali«tic. John Bun-
yan. More tlian ever he was convinced that he
was possessed by the de\il. IIo "comiiared
himself to a child carried off by a gypsy."
" Kick sfmietimes I did," he savs, " and .scream
and cry. but yet I was as bouiul in the; wings of
temptation, and the wind would bear me away."
" I blessed the dog and toad, and counted tho
condition of everything that (}od had made far
belter than this dreadful .stale of nunc. The dog
or horse had no soul to jn'rish imdcr Iheeverliust-
ing weight of hell for sin, as mine was like to
do." — FnoiDKS RiNVA.v, ch. 'A.
II9»J. CONVICTIONS, Strong. J>hn Jlunynn.
To IJunyan the future life of Cliristianily was a
reality as certain as the next day's sunrise ; and
he could have been happy on bread and water if
h(! could have felt himself ])rei)ared to enter it.
Every creiiled being se<'mcd better off than h(!
was, lie was sorrv that (Jod had made him a
man. He " blessed the condition of the birds,
l)easts, and fishes, for they had not a sinful na-
ture. They wen; not obnoxious to the wrath of
(lod : thcyweri! not to go to liell-fire after death."
H(! recalled the texts which spoke of Christ and
forgiveness. He tried to ))ersuade himself that
Christ cared for him. He could have talked of
Christ's love and mercy "even to the very crows
which .satontheiiloughed land before him." But
h(! was too sincere to satisfy himself with formu-
las and i)hrases. He co\i'ld not. he would not,
])rofess lo be convinced that things would go
well with him when he was not convinced. —
Fhoudk's Blnvan, ch. 8.
1193. . Conrrr.vdii. | lienjamin
Abbott relates the following incident :] A (Quaker
woman went from [his] i)reaching under strong
conviction and such anguish of mind that she
l)aid no attention to her family, not even to her
suckling child. Early in the morning 1 was sent
for; wiien I arrived she; was sitting with both
hands clenched fust in the hair of her head, cry-
ing out, " Lord, have mercy on me ! Save, Lord,
or I perish !" I told her to pray in faith ; to
look to Jesus, and lay hold on the promises, and
God would have mercy on her ; but she said, " I
cannot pray." I said, " You do pray very well ;
go on." I then kneeled down and prayed ; threo
j)ious women who were i)re.sent (lid likewise. . ,
The distressed woman appeared to be worse, liko
one going distructcd. I then sang. When the last
words were sung . . . I kneeled down ; in a few
minutes .she clapped her hands together and cried,
" 3Iy Lord, my God, my Father !" Her soul
was immediately set at liberty, and she sprang ui>
rejoicing and giving glorj' to God. — Stkvkns'
M. E. CiiuucH, vol. 1, p. 2Tu.
1194. CO-OPERATION, Impossible. Junes IT.
[The Dutch amba.ssador to London,] Dykvelt,
reported that James was bitterly mortified by the
conduct of tJie prince and jirincess [William of
Orange and Mary his wife, the daughter of
James]. "My nephew's duty," said tlie king,
" is to strengthen my hands ; but he has always
taken a pleasure in crossing me." Dykvelt
answered that in matters of private concern his
Highness had shown, and was ready to show, the
greatest deference to the king's wishes ; but that
it was scarcely reasonable to expect the aid of a
Protestant prince against the Protestant religion.
— Macaulay's Eng., ch. 7, p. 226.
1195. CO-OFEBATION in Manofactores. Seten-
teenth Century, There is the remnant of an old
-J'*>^"-^J' '^f W-l
COUONATION— COUUUPTION.
143
Byatcm of co-opomtive industry In tlio " tributcr"
syHicm of their [tlio CorniHli tinncrH'J niiniiiff la-
bor, wliich ii«Hi>i;n.s ciutli iimn a reward ditTereiit
from tlie ordinary Hy.steni of waj^cs. Tlie (."or-
nisli fl.Hlieries were conducted on tlie same princi-
l)le, which has probably prevailed from very re-
mote times. The same system of co-operatiim
prevailed in one of the industries of Somerset-
shire — thechcese-makiuffof ("heddar — for which
Fuller has the characteristic! name of "Join-
dairies." All the cowkeepers united in mamirinif
the common upon which the; cows fi'd. p]very
one brouirht his milk to a common room, where
the quantity was meo-Hured and recorded. The;
makms; t)f a ^reat cheese went duly forward ;
and wiien the milk of a jtoor man who kept but
one cow was sulllcient for one cheese, he re-
ceiv(,'d his cheese. The rich owner of many cows
liad his return earlier, but the poor man was sure
of his just share. — Knioiit's Eno., vol. 5, ch.
1. p. 14.
ll»«. CORONATION ceremony. Frankfi.
The kinysof thi; Franks had hitherto been inau-
jijurated by n ceremony peculiar to the Gothic
nation, heated on a shield, they were carried
throui^h the ranks, and received tlu^ homaj^e of
the army. Pepin, awans of the violence Ik; had
(lone to human institutions, was anxious to im-
press the belief that his riifht to the crown was
of heavenly origin. He adojjted from Scriptun;
the ceremony of con.secration by holy oil, and
Avas anointed by the hands of Boniface, Arch-
bishop of Mentz ; and this ceremony becauK;
ever after an established usage in the coronation
of Chri-stian princes. — Tyti.ku's Hist., Book C,
ch. 2.
1107. COBONATION a pergonal Act. At Ko-
tre I)(i)ne. [The Senate had chosen and proclaim-
ed him emi)eror. The pope was brought from
Italy to consecrate the ceremony of coronation.]
The pojie anointed the emperor, blessed the
sword and sc^eptre, and as he approached to take
up the crown, Napoleon firmly and with dignity
took it in his own hand and placed it himself
upon his head. This characteristic act produced
an indescribable effect upon the assembly. — An-
bott's Nai'oi,kon B., vol. 1, ch. 2y.
1108. CORPULENCE, Distinguished, Lotiis
VI. Louis VI., surnamed Le Gros from his cor-
pulency, was tuiquestionably one of the ablest
and best sovereigns who have tilled the throne
of France. — Students' Fkanck, ch. 7, g 21,
p. 120.
1100. CORPULENCE, Inactive. C/inrlfs the
Fat. Emperor Charles the Fat, youngest son of
Louis the German . . . was utterly unworthy of
the lofty position to which fortune had raised
him. He was devoid both of military and po-
litical tiUent ; his corpulence rendered him inac-
tive ; he was cruel, treacherous, cowardly. —
Students' Franck, ch. G, § 7, p. 92.
1200. CORRESPONDENT, Burdensome. Crom-
well. [One of his daughters married Ireton.]
She was call-^d Bridget. Her enlightened intel-
lect and fervent piety made her the habitual con-
fidante of all her father's religious feelings. We
may trace in some scraps of his letters to this
young female the constant preoccupation of his
mind. " I do not write to your husband, be-
cause he replies by a thousand letters to every
one that I address to him. This makes him sit
up too late ; iM'sides, I have many other things
to attend to at jire.sent." — La.mahtink's Cuoia-
WKiJ,, p. 34.
1301. CORRUPTION, Audacious, C/ilins.
Catiline, being prosecMiled for some great offence,
corrupted tlu! judges. When they had given
their verdict, though he was accpiitted only by
a majority of two, he said he had i)ul himscff
to a needless expense! in bribing one of tho.'it)
judges, for it would have been sulllci<-nt to havo
had a majority of out!. — Fi.utahc ii's C'lcicito.
laoa. CORRUPTION denied. I',hif/i,n,.i. In
th(! fifth century arose the Pelagian lieresy. The
authors of it were Pelagius and Cieiestius, the
former a native of Britain, the latter of Ireland.
These men looked u])on th(! doctrines commonly
received concerning the original cnrniptinn of
human nature, and the necessity of divine grace
to enlighten the understanding and i)urity the
heart, as ])rejudieial to the jirogress both of re-
ligion and virtue, and teixling to lull niaiikind
into a presiunptuous and fatal .si'curily. 'I'liey
maintained that these doctrines were c(|ually
fals(! and ])ernieious ; that the sins of our first
])arents wer(! imputed to them alone, and not to
their posterity ; that w«! derive no corruption
from their fall, but are born as i>ure aiul un-
spotted as Adam came from the hands of his
3Iak(!r . . . that mankind are capable of arriving
at the highest degree of piety and virtue, by (he
use of their own natural faculties and powers.
— Tvti.kk'h Hist., Book 0, ch. 3.
1203. CORRUPTION, Ecclesiastical. Piip,il
Throne. Amid these contentions of parties it be-
came a usual practice to adjust the difference
by setting the popedom up to ])ulilic sale, ami
disposing of it to the highest bidder ; and bish-
opric and inferior benefices were filled in tho
same manner. Benedict VHI. and John XIX.,
two brothers, publicly bought the popedom one
after another, and on the (leath of the latter it
was purchased in a similar manner for a cliild
of ten vears of age, Benedict IX. — TvTLKu'a
Hist., IJook 6, ch.' 4.
1204. . Twelfth ('aituri/. Corrupt
as the .Church of Borne was, there is reason to
believe that if tlu! church had been overthrown
in the twelfth or even in the fourteenth century,
the vacant sjjaco would have been occupied by
.some .system more corrupt still. There was then,
through the greater part of Europe, very little
knowledge, and that little was confined to tho
clergy. Kotoneman in five hundreil could have
spelled his way through a psalm. Books were
few and costly. The art of printing was un-
known. Copies of tlie Bible, inferior in beauty
and clearness to those which every cottager may
now command, sold for prices whicli many priests
could not afford to give. It was obviously im-
pos.sible that the laity should search the Script-
ures for themselves. It is probable, therefore,
that, as soon as they had put off one spiritual
yoke, they would have put on another. — Macau-
lay's Eno., ch. 1, p. 42.
1305. CORRUPTION, Governmental. Emnan.
[In 399 the ambitious eunuch Eutropius -waa
made consul.] Claudian . . . says this infamous
broker of the empire appreciates and divides tho
Roman provinces from Mount H.Tmus to tho
Tigris. One man, at the expense of his villa, is
144
CORRUPTION.
'i
iniido proconsul of Asia ; a sw^oud purchases
Hyriiiwith his wife's jewels ; nml n third liiments
that he has exchanged his paternal cMtutt^ fortiii;
govemnient of Uitiiynia. In the anleehanihcr
of EutropiuH a lar^a' lul)let is exposed to jjuhlie
view, which marks the reHi)ective |)rices of tlie
l»rovinces. Tiu; dillVrent value of Pontus, of
Galatiu, of Lydia, is acciii-alcly ilistin^uislied.
L^cia may tie ol)tained for so many thoiisaM<l
jjiecesof ;,'old ; hut the o|)ulenc(! of Phry^ia will
recjuire a more considerable sum. The eunuch
wishes to oliliterate, liy llu; ^'encral disgrace, his
jHTsonal i^rnominy ; and lus lie has iK-en sold hini-
nelf, he is desirous of si-lling tlu! restof mankind.
In the eairer contention, the balance, which con-
tains the f«t(! and fortunes of th(! province, often
trembles on the beam ; and till one of tlie scales
in inclined by a superior weiglit, the mind of
the impartial judj^e remains in anxious susiK;nse.
— OiUBONrt liuMic, cli, !52.
130«. . EnfiliHh. [In IfilO] Sir
Fulk GrevilU; paid i;4(K)0 for the chancellorship
of the Excheipier. Inferior places went to the
Inghest bidder. — Knkiut'm Eno., vol. 3, ch. 23,
p. 304.
1307. . By Minintri/. The borough
of Hidl, in the reign of Charles II., chose as
member of Parliament Andrew Marvell, a gen-
tleman of little or no fortime, and maintauied
lum in London for the service of the public.
With a view to bribe him, his old school-fellow,
the Lord Treasurer Danby, went to him in his
l^arret. At iiarting, the Lord Treasurer slipi)ed
into his hands an order upon the Treasury for
£1000, and then went into his diariot. Marvell
looked at the paper, and called after the Treas-
urer, " ^My Lord, I recpicst another moment."
They went up again to the gan-et, and Jack,
the servant boy, was calletl. "Jack, what had
I for dinner yesterday ?" " Don't you remem-
ber, sir, you had the little shoulder of mutton
that you asked me to bring from a woman in
the market '!" " Very right. What have 1 for
dinner to-day?" "Don't you know, sir, that
you made me lay up the bladebone to broil ?"
' ' 'Tis so ; very rlglit. Go away. My lord, do
you hear that '/ Andrew Marvell's dinner is pro-
vided ; there's your pi<'ce of paper, I want it
not. I knew tlie .sort of kindness you inten<h>d.
I live here to serve my <'onstituenfs. The Min-
istry niay seek men for tlieir jiurpose ; 1 am not
one."
1'20W. CORRUPTION, Judicial. UomniiK. As
it was rcMsonalily ap])relien(led that the integrity
of the judge might be biassed if his inteixjsl was
concerned or his affections wen; engaged, the
strictest regidations were established to exchuh;
any person, without the special dispensation of
the emperor, from iIk; government of the i)rov-
ince where he was born ; and to pi"ohibic the
governor or his son from contracting marriage
with a native or an inhabitant ; or from pur-
chasing slaves, lands, or liouses within the ex-
tent of his jurisdiction. Nolwith.standing these
rigorous ])recautions, the Emperor Constantine,
after a reign of twenty-five 5'ears, still deplores
the venal and oppressive administration of jus-
tice, and expresses tlie warmest indignation that
the audience of the judge, his despatch of busi-
ness, his seasonable dela5's, and his final sentence
were publicly sold, either by himself or by th^.'
offloers of his court. The conlinunnce, ikiid por-
haps the impunity, of tlieso crimes \n atU'sted by
the repetili(ai of imixttent hiws and inellectuul
minaccs. — (hiuio.Ns Uo.mk, ch. 17.
ItlOO. CORRUPTION, OffioUl. Itomant. The
reaplive (lolhs) barbarians, who considered their
arms as tlu! ensigns of honor and the ple<t^.
cs of safety, were disposed to olfer a price,
which tli(! liist or avaric(; of the Imiierial ottlcera
was easily leini>led to accept. To pre.s<'rve their
arms, the haughty warriors r()nsente<l, with some
reluctance, to iirostitutit their wives or their
daughters ; tli(! charms of a IkwiIcouh maid or
a comely boy se<ur<'d the connivance of the In-
six'clors, who sometimes cast an eye of covet-
ousness on the fringed carpets and linen garments
of tlieir new allies, Or who sacrificed their duly
to the mean consideration of tilling their farms
with cattle and their houses with shives. The
Goths, with arms in their hands, were! permitted
to enter the boats ; and when their strength was
collected on the other side of the river, the im-
mense camp which was spread over the i)lain»
and the hills of the Lower Ma-sia assumed a
tlireatening and even hostile aspect. — Gijibon'h
UoMK, ch. 20.
|>2I0. -; — . Senntnr Venrn. Vcrres
held his province for three years. He was su-
preme judge in all civil and crinunal cases. Ho
negotiated with the parties to every suit which
was brought l)efore him, and then sold his deci-
sions. li(! confl.scated estate* on fictitious accu-
sations. The island was rich in works of art.
Verres had a taste for such things, and seized
without scruple the finest jjroductions of Praxi-
teles or Zeuxis. If those who were wronged
dared to complain, they were sent to forced labor
at the quarries, or, as dead men tell no tales,
w(!rc; put out of the world. He had an undcr-
.slaiiding with the pirates, which throws light
upon the secret of their imi^unity. A shipful of
them were brought into Messina as prisoners,
and were .sentenced to Xm executetl. A handsome
bribe was paid to Yerres, and a numlterof Sicil-
ians whom he wished out of the way were
brought out, veiled, and gagged that they nnght
not lie recogiii/t^tl, and were liangtHl as the pi-
rates' substitutes. Uy these metluMls Verres was
accused of having gathered out of Sicily three
([uarters of a million of our monev. Two thirds
he calculated on having to speml in corrupting
the consuls and the court before which he might
be prosecuted. — Fuornio's C.ks.vi!, ch. 9.
1211. CORRUPTION, Political. RovxinH. [Ca<-
sar and Poni])ey tried to ruin each other.] And
all ranks of men were .so (Hirrupted that tables
were publicly set out, \\\w\\ which the candidates
for olHces were professedly ready to pay the
IK'ople the price of their votes ; and the jwople
came not only to give their voices for the man
who had bought them, but with all manner of
oiTensive Aveajions to fight for him. Hence it
often happened that they did not part without
])olluti:ig the tribunal with blood and nnirder,
and the city was a perpetual scene of anarchy.
In this di.sraal situation of thii s, in these st/orms
of epidemic madness, wise men thought it would
be happy if they ended in nothing worse than
mouarciiy. Nay, tliere were many who scrupled
not to declare publicly that monarchy was the
only cure for the desperale disorders of the
C'OUUUPTIOX— COLXSEL.
14.-.
8t«tc, iin<l Unit the phy^itiiin oiijfht tolH' pilchcl
u|K)ri who would apply lliikl rcnn-dy with tin'
pcudcst liiinil ; liy wlilcli tlx'y hitilcd iit I'onipcy.
— I'Mn'AIUU'rt O.KHAU.
lilltl. . h'lii/ltinil. The iimciiinory
of hotli Hides ( Will;: iiiiil 'I'oryl wmh iiiiliinitcd
lirilMTv. TIk' d(>;nidiili<iii of tlic tnilifr wiis uh
f;rciit I'lH tliut of llic lirilicd. Hcikclcy writes in
IT'Jl : " This eorniiitioii liiis lieeoine ii natioiiMl
• rime, liaviiij? infeeled the lowest as well as llic
hiifliest aiiioii;^ lis." — Kmohtm Ksc.., vol. 1,
ill. 4, p. r,i\.
VM'.t. CORRUPTION, Shameful. Fnmn'n Hi-
roil, il(! was ('halloed Ity tlie Cimiiiiniis, Ixfure
(lie r.ords, with Iwenlylwo acts of Iji-IIktv and
rorniplioii. lie atteiii|)ted nodefeiiee. lleiiiadit
a disliiiel confession in wrilini; of the ('liari;es
liroii.i^Mit a;{iiinst him. And when a (le|iutatioii
of peers asked if that confession wasliisowii
vohiiifaryaet, he replied: " It isniy net, my tiiind,
my lieart. () my Lords, spare a hroken reed," . . .
He Wits fined L'-I(),(M)() and sentenced to imprison-
ment in tim Tower diirini; the kin!,''s |)leasiire. —
K.NKiiir'M Kn(i., vol. :{, cli. 21, p. ;{s().
I'JM. CORRUPTION of Statesmen. Eii(ili„h.
[In Itl!*.") tin; Houses of Parliament <liselosed]
the friijhtful corruption hy which Hlftlesmeii in
(lower and statesmen in op[)oMitioii were moved
to support, or to i'(!sist, some measure in which
lar^^e iiecuniary interests wen; involved ; or to
screen some public delinipienl. (iiiy, a memiier
of Parliiunentand Secretary of the Treasury, was
scut to the Tower for receivinjf a hrilx; in connec-
tion with .some inquiries into tlu; conduct of a
colonel of a rejviment, wlio had appropriated llie
money with which lio ou;.rlit to have paid tlie
(luarlers of his troops. Trevor, the Speaker of
llie Hou.se of Commons, wa.s proved to liavt;
received a brihc! of 1()(M) ^iiineius from tlu; cor-
poration of London, for assistiiif^ in {jassinir an
act for th(! relief of the orpliun.s and other
creditors of the city of Loiwlon. \h' liad to put
the (iiiestion from the chair, whether he him-
self was .yuilty of a lii^h crime and misdemeanor;
and had to .say "The ayes have it." He was
f.\'])ellwl the house. The East India Company
had spent .€107, 000 in secret service money. . . .
Sir Thomas Cook, thechairniau of the company,
liad the manai^ement of tlie.se delicate matters.
. . . In his place in Parliament he refused to
iinswer inijiiiries. The Commons then passed a
liill compelling him to answer, unih^r enormous
Iienallies. Upon the bill jroing to the Upper
House, the Duke of Le«Mls spoke .stronifly against
the bill, and, laying his hand on his breast, pro-
tested that he was entirely disintere.sted in the mat-
ter. The inquiries went on, implicating others ;
and the Commons finally impeached Thomas,
-Duke of Leeds, President of the Council, for
that he did agree with the merchants trading
to the Ea.st Indies, for ."iOO guineas, to procure!
tJieir charter of confirmation. The king's [Will-
iam III.] personal fri(;nd, Portland, wits found
tohavelieen proof against these temptations, hav-
ing refused a bribe of £50,000. — Knight's E.ng. ,
vol. 5, eh. 13, p. 177.
1315. CORRUPTION, Unabashed. James IT.
[Sunderland was his priine-mini.ster.] What .sums
he made by selling places, titles, and pardons
can only be conjectured, but must have been
enormous. James .seemed to take; a pleasure in
loading with wealth one wliom lie regarded nn
his own convert, [to ItomanlMm], All tines, all
forfeitures, went to Sundirlimd. On every grant
toll was paid to him. If any Hiiitor ventured to
ask any favor directly from the king, the answer
WITS, " Have you spoken to my Lord President 't"
One bold man ventured to sny that the Lord
President got all the money of the court. " Well, '
replied his .Majesty, "he deserves it all." We
shall scarcely overrate the amount of the minis-
ter's gains if we put them at i^lO.OtMla year ; and
it must be renieinliered thai fortunes of 1.':{0,()(M)
a year were in his time rarer than fortunes of
Lloo.otK) a year now are. — .M.vtAi;i,.VY'« Eno,,
ch. !»,' p. 40ft.
iai< . CORRUPTION, Universal. U,l;in of
JitiiiiK I. I The reigii of .tames I. Wiis e.vceeding-
ly coi'iiipl, ) It was an age of universal abuses.
Local magistrates were inlluenced by the petti-
est gifts, and were called " basket justices." . . .
Upon the highest branch of this rollen tree sat
Francis Hacon, N'iscouiit St. Albans, the great
Lord ChaiKcllor. . . . He was charged by the
Cummoiis, iH'fore tln^ Lords, with twenty two
acts of bribery and corruption. He attempted
no defence. . . . 1 le made adistinet confession
in writing, [a.d. \(Vi\.\ — Knight's K.m;.. vol.3,
ch. 34, p. ;iH().
1:217. CORRUPTION unrestr&inable. Ihi Lnin.
[In 137.") Parliament enacted | (hat no king's oHl-
cer should take any reward to do his ollice, nw\\
enactment Ix'ing one of the many jiroofs of the
inedlciency of law to restrain corruption ; for
within fourteen years there were only two judges
out of tifteen who were not found guilty of the
gros.sest extortions. — Kmgut s Eng., vol. 1,
ch. 3."), p. iW).
ffillM. C08K0B, Philosophy of the. Ih^mrlt'^.
He sets out upon this ]>rinciple, lliat in order to
form the universe, nothing elst! was re((uisite but
matter and motion ; that extension is the e.s.sence
of all iKidies, and spiic*- being extended as well
as matter, then; is no dilTerence between space
and matter, conse(|iiently there is no void or vac-
uum in nature. \\v divides this homogeneous
mass of space and matter into angular parts of a
cubical form, leaving no interstices between
them. " To these cubes," .says he, " the Author
of Natun; gave a rotatory motion round their
axes, and likewise an impulse forwanl, which
drives them round the sun as a centre." From
the attrition of the parts in this rotation lie suj)-
poses the planets to be formed. This .strange ro-
mance . . . seemed to explain several or the
phenomena of nature. — Tytlkk'h Hist. , Book 0,
ch. 36.
1219. COUNSEL of the Dying. T.^uh XJV.
Louisdid not long survive the pacification of his
empire. He died onthelst of September, 1715,
in the seventy-eighth year of his age. . . . Tlie last
words which he uttered, as reported by Madame
Maintenon, who heard them, were the dielutes
cfpially of a wise and a magnanimous spirit ; he
<alled to him his grandson the (lau])hin, who
stood by his bedside, and holding him between
his arms gave him his blessing, and said to him,
" ^ly .son, you are going to lie a great king ; lie
always a good Christian. Do not follow my ex-
ample with regard to war ; endeavor to live in
peace with your neighbors. Render to God what
you owe to llim ; follow always the most mod-
140
COUNSKI.— COINTKHFKIT.
criitc connHclH ; ciuh'iivor to rcdiirr' tin- tiixcM,
mill tliiis (III tliiil wliicli I Imvc, iiiiliii|i|iily, ii<>l
liccii iililt' ti) (111, 'I'likf iiiilicc, my smi ; these
lire my lii^t wimls, imil let tliem n'mk deep into
ymir miml— rememlier lliat kiiii,'s ilie like dllier
men." — Tytikhh lliHT., liiiiik (I, cli. ;IL
1*JSI0. COUNSEL, Inopportune. Di-piitint of
NtllitiM. Ax sDiin lis the iilaec wii.s ilivesleil liy sen
mill liilli], iielisal'iilH ;;uve aii(li<'iiee tii tlie ilepil-
ties (if llie |ie(i|ile, wIki exlidi'leil liiiii tii ilisre-
^'iird a ((ilKillcst llliwnrlllV (if \\U ihiiih, tn seek
the (tiithic kiiii; ill u Held (if liattle, iind. idler
Ills vieliiry, tn claim, 'is the sdvcrei.Lrii (if Uume,
till! alU%'-iaiiee (if IhiMlepeiideiit cities. " When
I treat with my enemies," replied the Itdiiiaii
chief, w'llli a liaii^lily Hiiille, " 1 am mim^ acciis-
tiime(l Id u'ive than to recelvi^ ciiiinsel ; iiiit I
liiild In diic iiand inevitalih! niln, and in the
dther |ieaee and freeddin, such as Sicily ikiw
enjoys." — (tiiiiioN's Hd.Mi;, cli. -11.
I 'j'i I. COUNSEL, Safety in. li.iltl,: |\Vhen
the fiirces df William ill. dlitaincd their crdwn-
in,!? victiiry dver tlidse df James II. at A^dirim,
the army nf the latter was cdinmanded liv the
MiinpilsSt. Until, II French p'lienil. I St. Uiilli
liad made alile dls|)(isili(iiis fur the Imlllc, lint,
jealous df the Irisli p-ncrals, liiid kept his plans
to himself, and when he was killed liy a caiinon
shot early in tlii^ action, there was no one to
Hiicceed liim. The I'iii^^llsh troops, in spiti" of
the wellcliiisen ]iiisill(in of their opponents, to-
tally iiiuted .James' army. — Am. Oyci.oi'KDIa,
"A(illllIM."
laaa. counsellor. An evll. liolxvt I'vr-
ffiiKDii. [An e.xilc from Hii,i;laii(l and i)rdinoter
of the rcliellloii iigainst .James II. 1 terguson,
who, ever since tho death of Cimrlcs, hail liecn
Monmouth's evil angel, had a Hiiggeslioii ready.
The duke had jnit liimself into a false position
]iy declining the royal title. Had lie declared
liimself sovereign of P^ngland, his cause would
liave worn a show of legality. At jiresent it was
inipossilile to reconciki liis Declaration with the
liiinciplesof the Constitution. It was clear that
<itlier Monmouth or his uncle wasriglitful king.
Alonmouth did not venture to pronounce liimself
the rightful king, and yet denied that liis uncle
was so. Those who fought for .Jtiines fought
for the only jierson who ventured to claim the
throne, anil were, therefore, clearly in their duty
iiccdrding to the laws of the realm. Tliose who
fought for .Monmouth fought for soinc; unknown
jKility, which was tHjlicset-'jihy a (convention not
yet in existence. . . . On the morning of the 20th of
JuiKc he was ])riicliumed in the market-place of
Taunton. His followers repeated his new title
with alTectioniite dell.dit ; but, as some confu-
sioii might have arisen if lie liad been called King
James If,, tliev commonly ii.sed the strange
appellaliiin of Iving J\Idiinnnitli. — M ac.vulay'.s
Exu., ch. i"), p. ri44.
It23:t. counsellors, Dangeroug. Of JaiiuH
II. JJut there was at the coiirt a sniiill knot of
Itonian Catholics whose hearts had lieeii ulcer-
ated by old injuries, whose lieads had been
turned by recent elevation, who were iinpiitient
to climb to the highest honors of the State, and
who, liaving little to lose, were not troubled by
thoughts of the day of reckoning. One of tlie.sc
was Roger Palmer, Earl of Castlemaine in Ire-
land, and husliand of the l)uclie.ss of Cleveland.
Ills title Imd notoriously Iwen purcliiised liy liU
wife's dishdiior and his own. Ills fortune vmih
small. Ills temper, naturally iingenlle, had
been exasperated by his diimestic vexiltioiis, by
llie public reproaches, and by what he had un-
dergone in the days of the I'opisii Plot. . . .
These men (ailed with one voice for war on the
ciinstitiilidii (if the Chiirehand the State. They
lold their master that he owed it to his religion
and to the dignity (if his cniwii to stand firm
Iigainst the oiilcry of heretical demagogues, and
to lei the I'arliaiiienl see fiiiiii the first thid ho
wdiild be masler in spite df dp|i(isilidii, and that
llir (iiilv elTeci (if dppdsiiiiin would be to make
him a hard master.— ,Ma(AI'i..\v'h Hnh , ch. (J.
p. 4:».
I'i'JI. COUNSELLORS, -^Thimiioal. " Wmf
Winiiitii." The 'Jeriiiaiis advanced to within ii
few miles of the Koiiiiin outposts. The Itoiiimis
lay intrenched near Ceriiay. The (jieiinans
were at Colmar. Ca'sar oiTered battle, which
Ariovlslus declined. Cavaliv tights happened
daily which led to iiolhiiig. ('a'sar then formed
a second cam|i, smaller but strongly fortitled,
within sight of Ibeeiieiny, and threw "two legio.is
into it. Aridvislus attacked them, but lie was
beaten liack with Idss. The "wise W(imen" ad-
vised him to try no more till the new niodii.
Hut Cti'sar would not wait for tin; iiidoii, and
fdrced tin engiigemeiit. TIk; wives and daugh-
ters (if the (iermans rushed alidiit their cam]),
with streaming hair, adjuring their countrymen
to save them from slav(-ry. '1 lieOcnnaiis fought
lik(! heroes, but they could not Ktaiid against
the short swc-l and hand-to-hand graiipleof the
legionaries, neller arms and better discijilino
again a.s.serted the superiority. ... A few swam
the river ; a few, Ariovistus among them, «'s-
caped in boats ; all the rest, men and women
alike, were cut down and killed. — Fiiouuf.'h
C.KSAU, cli. 14.
laaft. COUNTERFEIT, Preserved by. Itdqn
of Nnma. [There was at KoiiieJ ii sacred buck-
ler, or uncile, which was .said to have drojiped
from heaven, which gave occasion to the foun-
dation of anew college of priests, who hud the
cliarg(! of it, and ])arade(l with it, on particular oc-
(iusions, in a kind of dance or |)rocession. These
were called Salii {d Knliindo) ; and, lest tliesacrotl
buckler should be .stolen or lost, eleven others
were made exactly resembling it, and deposited in
the temple of Jupiter. — Tyti.kh'm IIist., Hook 3,
ch. 1, p. 'Mt:i
I2a«. COUNTERFEIT Relics. Geneml Grant.
[When ill Egypt, at the village of Luxor of the
upper iS'ile,] they were shown a house where an
American lived for fifteen years, making . . .
mummy-lids, liierogly])liic inscriptions, idols and
relics of all kinds to suit the i)urchaser, which
now doubtless adorn many a private collection.
— Gkn. Gii.vnt's TiiAVKi.'s, J). 1;}T.
liar. COUNTERFEIT signature. A u tony.
The (Jonsul Aiituny, by the steps he had hitlujr-
to taken, wanted only to sound the dispositions
of the iieopie. Finding these to his wi.sli, he
very .soon began to discover his own views of am-
bition. III! was p().ssesseil of the whole of the
dictator's papers. He had received likewise
from Calpurnia, the widow, all the treasures of
C'lesar. Not content with these, he made a traf-
lic of fabricating acts and deeds, to which he
('()L'NTHV-COniA(iK..
147
cniintiTfcitcd tli(> ili<-tiit(ir'M HiibHrrlptlon, and
uviiilcd liiiiiscif (if iliciu HH jji'iminc. — Tvti.ku'h
lliHT.. IJ.x.k I, (li. a.
liiilM. COUMTTRT, Contemptible. S.i mud. John-
n»ii. Mr. ( »;,dlvir Will ' iiliirky ciiDiijfli lit clmrwc
for llic topic of IliM (uiivcrHiiiion tlir pritiHCH of
his native coiiiiiry. . . . lli' oiiscrvccl tliiil Scot-
liiiid Imd It >:r<ut mm y iiohlc wild prospects,
.IdiiNso.N : " I hcllcvc, sir, voii Imvc a j^rciit
iiiiifiy. Nirway, too, iius nolilc wild prospects;
iiriil Liipluiid is reinarUuliii! for prodh^Hoiis iiolile
■wild prospects. lilll, sir, lei me (i II yon, llic
noblest pros|)ect widch ll Scotcliniaii ever sees
is tilt; 1iIkI> road that leads Idm lo Ijil^IiiikI !"
TluM unexpected and pointed sally prodticed a
roar of applause, — Hoswkij.'s.Ioiinson. p. 117.
laslO. COUNTRY, A deierted. /•'./////■ /,- I{,/>,l-
lion. VV'lien tlie troops of Maxiinin, Milvancini,'
in exccilenl order, arriv<'d al tlii; fool of Hie
•Iiiliun Alps, they were terrilled liy the silence
and desolation tliat rcii^ncd on the fronliers of
Italy. The villau^es and open towns had been
aliandoned on their approach by the iiili ibitaiits,
the catllo was driven away, tlie jirovi^ions re-
tnovcd or destroyed, the biid;;e.s broken down,
nor was anytliini; left which could alTi id eilher
nhelter or id)sislence to an invader. iSuch had
been till! wise orders of tlii! (,'eneralH of the
Hi-'iiate, wlio.se desiu:n wiw to protract the war,
to ruin the army of .Maxiinin by the slow ojiera-
tion of famine, and to cotisiimi^ his strenirth
in the sicijcs of the principal cities of Italy,
which thev had j>lentifiilly stored with men aial
jinivision-. from Iho ticserted conntry. — Giii-
uo.n's Homk, ch. 7.
lii:iO. COUNTRY, Preservation of One's. S»-
Ioii'm I.iiw. The most ju'cnliar and surprising,' of
his otler laws is that which declares tlu; man
infamous who stands neiiler in the time of sedi-
tion. It. seems he would not have us be indif-
ferent and unalTecteil with Hie fate of the pub-
lic when our own conet^rns an; upon a safe bol-
loni ; nor when \\i ne in health be insensible
to the distem[)ers ;ind griefs of (tur tM^untiy. He
would liave us espouse tins better and juster
cause, and ha/ ml everything in defence of it,
rather than wail in safety to .see which side the
victory will incline to. — I'l.i-rAKcii.
1 ilil I . COUNTRYMEN abused. Ri'inn of CIm rlix
II. AVlien the lord of a I.,incolnshire or Shrop-
Kliire manor apjieartid in Fleet Street, he was
as easily dislinguished from the resiiU-nt poji
ulation as a Turk or a Lascar. His tlre.ss, ids
gait, his accent, the maimer in which lie stared
at tlu; shops, stumbled into the gutters, ran
against the I'-Tlers, and sto<)<l under the water-
ni)outs mm ,1 him out as an excellent subject
for the oiierations of swindlers and baiiterers.
Bullies jostled hin into the kennel, llackney-
coachmen splashed him from hea I to foot.
Thie\-es ex])l()red wilh [prrfecl secuiily the huge
])ockels of his hmsemans coat, whil'e he stood
entranced by the splendor of the lord mayor's
show. Jloney-droppers, sore from the ('art's
tail, introduced themselves to him, and ai>i)eared
to liim the most honest, triendly gentlemen
that lie had ever .seen. Painted women, the ref-
Tise of Lewkner Ijaiie and Whetstone Park,
passed themselves on liim for coimtcs.ses and
maids of honor. If he asked his way to St.
James', his iid'urmant.s sent him to Mile End.
■I" • ■"■■' ••■,s> '•
olemn words :]
my tongue ami
If he went Intoii shop, he was Instantly diHcerned
to Ih'ii tit purchaser of everything that nobody
else Would buy — of second hand embroidery,
I "ppir rings, and watches lliul would uol go.—
•M \c\i i,.vv'k K.Mi., ch. U.
I*J;M. courage in Battle, MmrinH. [When
IIk' Hoinans met tin; N'olsciaiis, | Marcnis in-
(piired of ( 'ominius in what manner the enemy'H
army was drawn iiii, and where lluir best troopn
were |ioKlcd. Itejng answered that llie Anti-
ales, who wen; placed in the centre, were siip-
jMised lo be the bravesl and most warlike, " I beg
It of you, then," said Marcius, " as a favor, thai
you will place me directly opposite to them." —
I'm r\U( II.
1 4:1:1. COURAOE, Christian. Mnrti/r>i. |I>r.
Rowland Taylor, the martyr, wastoUl :| " If you
will not rise with us now, and receive mercy now
olTeied, you shall have judi;nient according to
your demerit." .. . [lie replied :] "So lo rise
should be lh(! greatest fall that ever 1 could ns-
ceive ; for I should so fall from my dear Saviour
Cliiisl to Antichrist.". . . jllooper was urged
to recant. He replied in these so
" I have Ijiught the truth with n
with my pen heretofore ; and hereafter shall
shortly contirm the same, by (Jod's grace, wilh
my blood." 1 Latimer was urged to submit lo
the Church, but refused, and before the commis-
sioners the aged man encouraged his younger
fri( nd, |{idle_\ , saying:] " iJe of good ('omfort.
Master liidlcy, and play the man ! Wt; shall Ihi.H
day light such a candle, by (Jod's grace, in Kng-
land as shall never be put out." jtJranmer was
urged lo recant. His natural courage was not
strong : but he renounced his former recantation,
and added :] " Forasimicli as my hand otTend-
ed in writing continry to my heart, therefore my
hand shall first be piinishe(l ; for if I may come
lo the lire, it shall first be burned." At thtj
burning he llirust it into the llames, exclaiming,
with a loud voice, " 'I'liis hand hath otTended !"
— Knkuit's Eno., vol. 8, cli. 0.
laai. . Jo/iH Wfxli'u. [AtSheffleld
Ik; was conlradicled by a blasplieming military
otlicer while preaching.] Stones were thrown,
hilling the desk and people. To save them ami
Ihe house, be gave nolicti that he would preach
out of doors, and look the enemy in Ihe face.
He praj'ed for sinners as seivanis of theii- miuster,
Ihe devil, uiion which an olllcer ran at him with
irreat fur_\ , threatening revenge for his abu.se, as
he calledit, of the king, ids master. He forced
his way through the crowd, drew his vw ord, and
l)rcsente(I it to the l)rcasl of the preacher, who
threw o])en his vest, and, tixing hiseyeon his as-
sailant, calmly .said : " 1 fc.ir (Jod, and lionortliu
kinir." 'J'he cai)tain's couiiicnance fell in a mo-
ineiit ; lie jtut uj) his sword, amhpdcklj' retreale<l
fr(an the scene. — Stkvk.ns' Mktiiodis.m, vol, 1,
p. liio
V2't'». COURAGE of Despair, <ll(t(U<i(on. The
lriimii)h due to Ihe \ alor of Probus, the Roman
general, was conducted willi a magniticciice
suitable to his fortune, and the peo|)le who had
so laiely admired the lroi)hies of Aurelian gazed
w ith eiiual pleasure on those of his heroic suc-
cessor. We cannot, on this occasion, forget Iho
desperate courage of about fourscore gladiators,
reserved, wilh near six hundred others, for the
inhuman sports of tlie amphitheatre. Disduiu-
1^
i
148
( nrUAJJK.
\nfi to nIiimI their l)l(»n«l fnrlhfiiniiiH4>ttii'iit of lhi<
|Nipiiliti'i', Iticy killnl thi'ir kri'|M rs, hrnWr trniri
tlit> ptiuT iif tlu'ir coiillni iiictil, ami tlllcil llic
•tiri'flit of Uiitdi' will) I)I(mmI hikI <'(inl'uHiun. Af-
ter an (>listiiii(t(> ri'NisliiMci> tlicy wrri' ovcrpow-
)'r)'<l itiiil (111 ill pii'd'H iiy tlic ri'ijiiliir I'urci"* ; Iml
liny oliliiliii'd III icii.tl an lionnralilc ilcalli. iiikI
lllf Hill isriicl inn (if a jilsl icsi'ili;-!',-- (illlltoNM
lie Ml ell, !•-'
Ii|:i«. OOURAOE or Diigraoa. r,r<h rirk th,'
(tirttt, I liiri iiriiiy wiihiiImhu Ih attack llircc I lines
llielr lillliiiicr (if Aiisli'laiis. lie said Id IiIm nt)|.
I'ITn:) "'riie retjinielll (if euvaliv wlilili mjiuU not
iiiNlaiilly, III lliiMiriler, cliaru;!', nIiiiII Ih- (IKtiiiiiinl'
('(I anil sent into ^.ntrrisnns ; the liMttalioii of in-
fan t IT I hat Nliali inil falter shall Inxe IIh ciiIiun
uikI iU .NWdril.M. JS'iiw fiireweil, friemlH; sdini we
hliall liave viinijni.Hlieil, nr we mIiiiII s< e eaell (illier
no iiiiire." (A Ki'<'"' virtiiry wax wmi at I^eii-
Ihen. I ~ H\M iioh TK I'. S., Vdl. I, ih. I'J.
I*j:i7. COURAOE, Intrepid, riiiici- of Wnl,^.
fMaitfuii'l df Anjiiii, wifeof the eaplive Uini,', |
prepareil Id strike a decisive lildw fur llie t'l'dwii
«if Kn;,flaiiil. This was at, 'l"ew keHlinry, where
f^lie cdininandcd her army in person, and led iier
Mill, tile I'rinccdf Wall s, ilii'dii^li tlie riinkM. Itiit
nil was in vain ; vlctiiry declan d in favnr of Kd-
ward, and tlu; urilia|)j>y iniitlier. He|ianileil finin
lier son, was hciiI u prisoner to the 'I'nwer of
liondiin. 'I'lio I'riiioo of Wales, a yoiitii of in-
trepid spirit, iK'ini? broiii^lit Into the pii seiice df
Kdward, and asked, in an insult iiii; manner, how
lie dared to invade the lerrildrjes df his sdverei^cn,
"I have entered," said lie, •'the (Idininioiis of
mi/ fiithfr. Id rcveni;!' hin injuries and redress/////
oirii." The liarliardiis Kdward is said to have
htnick him in the face v Mh his ^nmnllel, while
the dukes of (Jloiieesienuid Clarence, iind olliirs
nf the attenilant.s, rushed upon the nolile yoiitli
and .stubbed him to the heart vvitli their diiLTirer^.
— TvrLKii'rt ilisr.. ISodk (I, eh. II.
law. COURAGE, Lo«i of. lUiom-Mm. The
immediate loss nf ( 'dnslanlinople may be nscrib-
«'d to the biillel, or arrow, which jiierced the
piiitillet df .lohn .liisiiniani. The si;;ht of his
Wood, anil the exipiisili- pain, a])piilled tlieco
ape of the chief, wliose arms and coiinsels w> ■
UiC (irmesl rampmt f>f tlieeity. As lie withdrew
from his station in (piest of a siir;.'edn, his tlij^ht
was [MTceived and sliipped by the indefatiiriible
emperor. " Voiir wound," exclaimed Palieolo-
jius, "is sliiiht ; the daii^aT is pressinir ; your
presence is ncees.sarv ; and whither will you re-
tire V ' " 1 will retire," said the tremblin:,' (ien-
0(!se, " 1)V the same road which (ioil has opened
to the 'I'lirks ;" and at these words he hastily
pa.ssed fliroii<rli one of the breaches of the inner
wall. I5v tliis puailliinimouH a'-t he stained the
lionors ol a military life ; and the few days which
lie survived in (.Julata, or the Ish- of Chios, were
embittered by bis own and llie public reproach.
His example was imitated by the irrealest part of
tlie Latin auxiliaries. — GiititoNs Ho.mk, eh. ()M.
1230. COURAOE of Madness. Chuvh'H XTT.
FAfter receivini,' ]iaciti(r proposals from the
Turks, lie reji'cted them and ih-tied tin; wlioU?
power of the Ottoman Empire.] Jlis own otli-
cers employed .supplications, remonstrances, and
at lenj^h mennce-s, to make him depart from
his frantic desijjn. Charles was inth'xible. [He
had l)ut three hundred men, and was surrounded
by Turks | The aiiiick whn bfu'iin, iind lli<> lii>
trent liiiieniM, inveMied at hik (■ on vsvty (piurter,
were bi'dken in an iiislant. A Kinall house witli>
in til** ramp became the citadel and last, resort of
Charles and his intrepid Swedes, Their nuniber
was now reduced to a very few, wlmm |iersonal
i'e;{ard allacheil lo Iheir Hoverei^Mi. They did not
fail, however, to reinonslriile with him auralnsl
lb'* mildness of Ids resolution ; and in consiiliini;
how to sustain u sie;;'e ill this hist rell'i at, thei'i'
was bill one iiiiin w hn decliiiid a piisiii ve iipin-
idii that the place ini;rht be defended. This was
his .Majesty's cdnk. " Then, sir," says tlie kinir,
" I name ymi my chief eiiicineer." They now
pioceeded to bari'ieade the iliMirs and w iiidiiws,
Iind kept nil an incessant lire from willibi upon
the wlidl" riirklsh army. The besieu:ers, cxus.
|ieriiled III Iciijzth at the niimberH killnl by this
iiandfiil of iniidmen, llirew lire upon the rodf of
the lioii-.e, w bich ill a moment was all in tiaines.
It was now necessary to (piit their post ; a des-
periile sally was made, and this handful of
Swedes, iirmed with their swords and pistols,
were cultinu' ilnir piissiure tliroii>ih an army of
several tlioiisinid men, when Charles, entangled
with his s|iurs, and 'iccidenlally falliiiLr to the
;j:round, was snrroiinded by a body of jani/aries.
In will rl, llie whole troop, after makiiii; an in-
en dible carniiire, were .seized and taken prison-
CIS. .\n iilleiiipt of this kind is only to be juir-
iilleled in the romaneesof knijilit-erriintry. This
obsliiiancy and infiitnation was the dccasion nf
Ibe Idss df Chai'les' doininions in (brmiiny, and
alnidsl of his kiiij,'ddm of Sweden. — Tv h.ku'h
Hist., Itddk H, eh. ;r».
I!! 10. COURAOE, Masterly, CInnhH XIT.
ri'he Danes and I'russiaiis besieued Slralsiind in
I'omerania. Tlie Swi'desmadea bra vedef nice. |
An incidt^nt is reconleil of thissieire wiiieh .siioni;-
ly marks the chiinieler of Charles, The Iowa
was bomltardcd, and a slieil |ienelrateil the ro.if
of his house, and fell into llie apiirtmeiil wheru
he was (iiclalin;; Ids despatches. The secretary,
li-rrilied out of his senses, Imvinir lei fall his pen
--" do on," said tlie kin.L,', j_navely ; " wli.il has
the boinbsliell to do with llie letter wliicli I am
(lictatiiij,' '/" The city, however, was taken, and
Charles oblip'd to escape in ii Kiniill bark to
Carlescroon, where he passed the winter. — Tyt-
I, Kit's llisr. , Hook tl, ell. ;(.■>.
1211. COURAGE, Moral. Muftlii fjiOier.
[He had been summoned to appear before the
1 iiiperiir at Worms.] As lu^ was nearinj; the
city of Worms, his friend Spalatiu, who was in
the company of the elector, .sent him a me.s.sajj;o
warninfr him not to enter the city ar.d to incur
.so jrreat danger. Luther replied to him : "To
Worms was 1 called, and to AVorma must I jjo.
And were there as many devils there as tiles up-
on th(! roofs, yet would 1 enter into thai city."
— llKiNs LiTiiKK, ell. y, p. 84.
12-12. . Jltr. ,'^mvd Johnson.
["Convicted of disseminatini,' .seditious tracts, j
.luliuii Johnson, as he was popularly called, was
.sentenced to stand thrice in the ])illory, und to
be whipi)ed from >iewpUe lo Tyburn. Tho
judge. Sir Francis Withins, told the criminal to
lie thankful for \\\o. great lenity of the atlorney-
generiil, who might have treated the ca.se as ono
of liigh trea.son. " I owe him no thanks," nn-
•swcred Johnson, dauntlessly. "Am I, whose
foniAOE.
140
only rrlini- Im IIiiiI I liiivc ili'fi>iifli-i| tli<> Clniri-li
mill till' liiws, III lie jfirtlrftil fur lM'lii(f N(iinrK«'il
lik« U ilnu. wliili' |ii>|iis|i NirllililiTN run NlllTrnil
sillily to iiiHiili till' Cliiin li Hill! Ill viiilitlf llir liiws
villi iiii|iiiiilly '" TIm' iiirjry Willi wUlili hi'
Hpiikc \Mi<4 MiiVli tli:it liutli III!' Jiiii);i'>« mill IIk'
('mwii JiiwyiTM lliiiiii^lii ll riiTi'Hsiiry ii> vliiillniii'
tlicmtrlvt"*, mill prnl(><lril tliiil llii'y kru'W nt im
PDIiImIi |ll|llllrillillllS Nlll'll MM llllISC III Wllil'll till'
jirisiiiiir iilhiili'il. Ill' liixtmilly iIitw Inmi liix
jincUi'i Mitiii' Hiiiiimi ( 'iilliiilir liiMiks jinil Iritiki'li,
which wiri' llii'ii liirly rxpuMnl liir hmIi' iiiulrr
III!' riiyiil piiliniiiiifi', rriiil iilinul llic lllltsiif llir
liKiikM, mill lliii'W II niHiiry ucriiHi Ihi' ImIpIi'Io ihr
kliiifH ('(iiiiiirl. " Anil iiKW," III' ciiiil, with n
liiiiil viiiri', " I lay this iiil'iiriniitiiiii lii't'urr (Iml,
li'-lnri' tills ciiiirl, Mini iii'tiui'llii' llnjiiisii prupir.
\V«' hIiiiII xunii SIC wlii'llirr Mr. Altnrtiry will lio
hi'H iliily.' — M aiaii.av'h Kmi., cIi. ti.
I'JISI. . (liilion OiiKifii/. [(ililciiii
OiiMi'li'V iiii'l witii nuich oppiisitinn, iiriii MHiir
tiriii's prril, rnmi tin- Irisii |{iit)i{iii ('iiliii>iir<«
aniiiii;; wiimii in- liiiidrcil as mi itini'nint Mrlim
<list. Ill' was mi Irislmiaii iif jrri'iit ruuraj^'cmiii
friinkni'SM. I In a tuwi) tilled witli Ituiiianistn lir
liircil tlic iii'iltnmi, as wiim hisciistixn, liianiKMiiicc
throiiuh till' Htricis jircacliinj^ In." tlic cvi'iiiiij;.
Tlic inmi, at'raid nf ii(innsilioii, iittrrcil tlii; iiii-
ii'iiiiiccinriil liinidly iiii(f indistinctly. Oiisclcy,
U'lHsinir ill llir stri'i't, lii'iird liiiii, and taklii^^ tlic
ixill, niiiir it himself, prdclaimin;; aloud : " This
is to >;ivc you notice tlial (Jiilcon Oiiselcy, the
irish missionary, is to preach this evening in
such II place, and at such an hour. Anil, J nm
tlie iniiii. iiii/mtf." — Stkvknk' Mi^niioDisM.
1944. ' . Ii„/fi;,f,. [When Sir Wal-
tcr Ualei^di came to the sculTold he was very
f'tiiit. and commenced his speech to the crowd
by .saying that durin;; the last two days Ik; had
been visited liytwoa^ue Ills.] "If, Iherefore,
you perceive any weakness in me, I heseech you
iLscribe it to my .sickness rather than to my.scll'."
He look the axe and kis.scd tlie blade, and said lo
the Hh<'ritT, " "i'is a slmrii medicine, but a .sound
cure for all diseases." — kMuiiTS Kmi., vol. it,
ch. 24, p. nm.
Vim. . (hinliiii. [When Ui<'h-
ard I. (the Jiioii) was near his death, | hit then or-
d(!red Hertram de (Jurdun, wli) liad wounded
liiui, to come into his pri-sence, and .said to him :
" What harm liave I done to you, that you have
killed me ?" On which lie made answ<r ; " You
Hlew my I'allicr and my two brotlicrs with j-our
own hand, and you intend now to kill me;
tbcrefore liike any revciiu'e on me that you may
think lit, for I will readily eiidiiri' the greatest
torments you can devise, ,so long as you have
met witli your end, after liavinj^ iiitlicled evils
so many and so frreat upon the world." —
Knkiiit's K.no., vol. 1, cli. 2*J, \). iJJtO.
iai«. COURAGE, Noble. ItuwhM. [Under
tlic Duke of Arj^yle he had attempted to over-
throw the rule of James 11. in Sciitlaiid. Th.-
enterprise va.s disastrous, and llumliold mortally
wounded.] He was liuslily tried, convicted, and
fienteneed to be hanged and quarti'red within a
few liours, near the city cross in the High Street
[Edinburgh]. Though unable to .stand without
the supixirt of two men, he maintnined hi.s forti-
tude to the last, and under tne gibbet raised his
feeble voice against popery ami tyranny witli
micli vi'lieinenee lliat tlii< tiftWrM onliTiil tlio
drums III strike up lest the |M'oplf Hhoiild licar
him. lie WHS II friend, he said, to limiled moii-
iii'ihy : but he never would JNlieve Hint I'tovl-
lii'iice had Meiil a few men into tlie Morld ready
I ted and spurred to ride, and millions ready
saddli'il mid liridl' I lo lie ridden. " I desire, '
he cried, " to lileHsund magnify Oixi's holy iiamo
fur tills, thai I hiand here, not for any wrong
lliiil I have done, but for adhering lo ills caiiMi
ill mi evil diiv. if every hair of my head wero
II man, ill tilths (piarrel I would venture them all."
M \i \i I, AYS Kmi,, I ll. .'i, p. .'i;;,*!.
I'ilT. COURAGE, Opportunity for. Finhrirk
//ll liiiiil. I lie adillessi d Ills nlllcciN iK'fiire his
uncipiai battle with tlie .Viisiriatis. | \ part of
Silesia, my capital | Merlin |. my stores of war, arii
lost ; mv disaslers Would be extreme liail I not
a boiinilless trust In your coiirir,'!', linuness, and
love of country. . . . The moment for couragn
has come. Listen, then ; I am resolved, against
all rules of the art of war, to altaek the nearly
Ihi'cefiild stronger army of Charles of l,orraine,
wlii'i'c\er I may tlnil it. There isnoipicstiiiii of
the iiumbir of the enemy, nor of the slreiigth of
Ihi'ir position. We must beal llieiii, or all of n^
tinil OIK graves liefore their ballcries. Thus 1
think, llius 1 iiiemi to act. . , . l>ocsaiiy one
of you fear to share all dangers with me, he can
this day relire ; I never will reproach him.
Then, as the enthusiasm enkindled nrouiid him,
he lidded, with a serene smile, " I know that not
one of you will leavi! me." — H.v.NtuoKTH U. S.,
vol. 4, cli. 4.
I illW. COURAGE, Only physical. Mn rll>»roiir/fi .
The Duchess of .MarllKirough held the ollle<' of
ady of llie wardrobe to Queen Anne. She wa.s
to lie removed from her position iK'cause of the
dislike of the (lueeii. Her husband, " the great-
est <aptain of the age," I iiresented to the queen a
humble letter from tlu? duchess, e.\]m'ssing her
apprehension that her lord could not live si.^
months if some end was not put to his suifer-
ings on her account. " I am really .sorry that I
evi'rdid anything that was unea.sy loyour Majes-
ty." Tlie 'duke then ini|)lorcd tier majesty not
lo renounce the du<'hes.s — not to discharge her
from the great ofllce she held. " 1 caiinotchango
my resolution," .said the (|iieen. Again lie <'n-
treated. "Let \\w hi/ be .sent mewitiiin three
days." Till' victor of lllcnhciin is now on his
knees, imiiloring for a respite of ^/tdays. " Send
me the kcv in tiro days," cried the Inexorable
{|U('en. Tfu! duchess had inori' spirit than her
lord. 'When tin; duk(! told her the <iueen e.x-
jiectcd the gold key, .she took it from her side
and threw it into the middle of the room, and bid
him take it up and carry it to wlioiii be pleased.
— Knkiut's K.no., vol. 5, eh. 'J4, ]). 2i)'>.
V249. COURAGE recovered. Iiix)ii>i> ('ninmcr.
The courage which (,'ranmer had shown since
the acccssiou of ,Mary gave wav the moment lii.s
final doom was amiouiurd. The moral coward-
ice which had disi>la}e<l itself in his mi.serable
coinpiiance with the lust and desiMitisuiof Henry
displayed itself again in six successive recanta-
tioiitt by which he hoped to purchase pardon.
But pardon was impossible ; and Cranmer's
strangely mingled nature found a power in ita
very weakness when he was brought into the
church of St. Mary at Oxford on the aist of
150
(■ori{A(;K— coruT.
Mnrrli, to repeat, IiIm recimtatioii on llie \v;iy to
tlic stake. " Now," ei'ded liis address to tlie
liushi'd ci^'irreoatioii liefore liini — " now I eoine
1o tlio trirat tliinj; that troiilileili my eonsei' mcc
more than any nilicr tliiiiir that ever I said or u. 1
in luy life, and tiiat is I lie sett inu' abroad of writ
in jrs contrary to tiie truih ; viiieh here I now re-
iiounee and refuse as liiinus written l)y n>y hand
contrary to tiie trutli wliieji I tliouniit in my
lieart, and written for fear of death to save my
life, if it niiiil-.t t)e. And, forasnuieh as my hand
oll'ended in writini; contrary to my lieart, my
hand therefore slwM ti<' the first ])iinishe(l ; for
if I come to the lir(>, it shall hi! the first hurned.
This was the liand that wote it," he apiin ex-
claimed at the stake, " therefore it sh.ill sufT'ei
first i)iinishn'ent ;" and lioldini; it steadily in the
llanie, "he never stirred nor cried" till life was
gone. — Hist, ok Exo. Pkoi-m-, g 0G7.
12.50. COURAGE, Religious. Puritioi. Alira-
hani Holmes', a leti-ed otlicer of the Parliannn-
tar_\ army, and one of those zealots who would
own no king- hut Kinir Jesus, had been taken at
yedgenioor. His arm had been frightfully man-
gled and shattered iiithe battle ; and, as no sur-
geon was at hand, the stout old soldier amputat-
ed it himself. He was carried up to London
and examined In the kinii in council, brt would
make no submission. " I am an aged man," he
said, "and what remains to mo of life is not
worth ii falsehood or a ba.seness. I have always
been a Republican, and I am so still." He was
sent back to the west and hanged. The peojjle
rennirked with awe and wonder that the beasts
which were to dr'ig him to the gallows became
restive and went l)a(k. Holmes himself doubted
not that the Ang>''. of the Lord, as in the old
lime, stood in tiie way, sword in hand, invisible
to human eyes, but visible t'> the inferior animals.
"Stop, gentlemen," he cried, "let me go on
foot. Tl jre is more i.i this than you think.
Kc' "mber how the ass .saw Him whom the
proi)het could not see." He walked manfully to
the gallows. — >Lvc vri.AYs Ex(t., cli. 5, p. (iOO.
1251. COURAGE, Safety in. li<ij<(Z(t. [Amu-
rath, the famous Ottoman general, held a ((juiicil
of war before battle with the Christians on the
plain of Ca.s.sova. 1 In default of artillerv to break
open these nia.sses, Aiiiebeg and Saridji; Pasha
proposed to place in the first lines, before the front
of the (ottoman army, the six thousand Asiatii;
camels that carried the tents, the i)rovisi()ns, and
the baggage of their di.'isions, to the end of ex-
liaustiiig upon these animals the arrows of the
enemy, and of striking astonishment and terror
into the ranks of the Christians by the asjiect and
1)V the moanings of the camels, unknown to the
soldiers of Europe. This opinion was prevailing
when the iini)e*ii()us J5aja/et, more chivalrous
still than princely, ojiposed it with the disd.ain
of I hero. " Have the sons of Othman," cried
Bajazet, "ever feared to meet their enemies face
to face V Is it tiien in sheltei'ing themselves like
women behind the baggage, the elepliants, or the
camels, Jiat they have coiKjuered Asia from mul-
litudes armed against them witli all the arts and
the appliances of warfare ? Are .such artifices
worthy of the di/ine cause for which we fight ?
Is it not on avowal of fear at a moment when
the only safety is in courage ? Is it not to doubt
of God in presence of His profuners ? Is not our
conlidence in Him as our first liiilwark our best
force y 'I'lie victory is his who believes liiiiiself
victor, not his who is in dread of being van-
cpiished." I'i'hey obtained u decisive victory.]
L.\M.\in'i.\i;'s Ti UKi:v, p. ~'7'J.
1252. COURAGE, Unfaltering. Pilopid a n.
When he had arrived at i'haisalus, he assembled
hi* forces, and then marched directly against
.\lexander ; w ho, knowing that IVlopidas liad
bui few 'I'hebans about him, and that lu; him-
self had double the number of Thessalian in-
fantry, went to meet him as far as the temple
of Tlietes. When Jie was informed thiit tlii! ty-
rant was advancing toward him with a great
arniv, " So nuich the better," .said he, " for W(!
shall beat .so many the more." — Pi.LT.Mtcu's
Pki.()1'ii).\s.
125:J. courage, Unshaken. At Tripoli.
Decatu!' conceived the project of running into
the h;rborwith a snudl >essel, suri)rising tiio
frigate, and setting her on tire. How neatl}' th'a
was done, most readers know. The surpri.so
was .so co:ni)lete, that Decatur had po.s.session of
the ship in just ten minutt's after he had given th^
order to board. Combustibles were all ready,
and were placed in various jjarts of the vessel..
At the signal they wen; .set on tire, and the ship,
dry as tinder from many nu)nti'.s' exposure to a
tropical sun, blazed up with such rapidity that
the ketch in which the Aniericans had boarded
her narrowly escaped being involved in tho
.sanu! conflagration. ... In this affair Lieuten-
ant Lawrence commanded one division of tlie at-
tacking party, and behaved with admirable cool-
ness and gallantry. Decatur pronounced a tine
eulogium upon him when he .said, " There is
no more dodge about Lawrence tlian there is
about the mainmast." — Cycloi'EUia of Bioo,,
p. 128.
1254. COURT, Infamous. Trial of Chdius.
[He attemi)ted to corrupt Pompeia, <V<e wife of
C';esar, and was brought to trial.] I.larcus Cra.s-
sus . . . (luring the night serii for the judges
one by one. He gave them monej'. What else ho
gave or i)romise(l them must continue veiled in
Cicercfs Ijatin. Before these influences the res-
olution of the judges melted away, and wlieu
the time came thirty-one out of fifty -six high-
born Roman peers and gentlemen declared Clo-
dius innocent. Tho original cause was nothing.
That a profligate young man should escape pun-
ishment for a licentious frolic was comparatively
of no consequence ; but the trial acquired a nr--
toriety of infamy which shook once more the
already tottering constitution. — Fkolue's C.k-
s.vu, c'h. Vi.
1255. COURT, A terrible. !<t,(r Chuml.er.
The king in his coiuicil had always asserted a
right in the last resort to enforce justice and
peace by dealing with offenders too strong to bo
dealt with by his ordinary courts. Heiuy sys-
tematized this occasional jurisdiction l)y ap-
Ijointing, in 1480, a comnutteeof his council jus a
regular court, to which the i)lace where it usu-
ally sat gave the name of the court of star cham-
ber. Tiie king's aim was probably little mora
than a purpose to enforce order on the land by
bringing the great nobles before his own judg-
ment-seat ; but tho establishment of the court
as a regular and no longer an exceptional tribu-
nal, whose traditional powers were conflruioci
COUirrp:SAN— COVKTOUSNESS.
151
by Parliamentiiry atnt\itr, iind whce the nbsrncc
of II jury nuK'cUcd the prisoner's ri^dit to be tried
by Ids peers, fiinushed Ins son witli lui instru-
ment ot tyranny wldeli laid jtistiee lit tlie feet
of tiio moniircfiy. — llisr, ok Enu. Veovlk,
ltt»6. COURTESAN, Influential. .Upuxia.
The house of tiu; courtesan Aspusia was honor-
ed witii his [Socrates] frequent visits. He
found in tliat acconiplisiied womiwi ii mind
stored whh viirious Iviiowledire, an ac\ite and
vigorovis understandin;;, and tliose eiiji;anin!^
manners li'liichgave her a iiowerful liold on tiie
minds ol tlie Atheinan youtli. Siie was tlie
Uiistress and confidante of I'ericles, who did
not disdain to consult lier on atlairs of ])iili!i('
concern. If wesliould liesitate to sup])ose tliat
tile piiilosopher tliouiflit it not unwortiiy of
Ins clmracter to improve her morals and reclaim
her mind to virtue, ho mi.irht reasonably seek
Ids own improvement, and avail Idm.self of
her knowledge of 11"'! world to enlarge and
extend his power of utility, — Tyti.kk's Hist,,
Book 3, ch. 9,
1357. COURTESY denied. .Lnnex K. P<>lh:
When Mr. Polk closed his service in the [SjK'ak-
er's] chair, at the end of the Twenty-tifth Con-
gress, no AVhig member could be found to
move the customary resolution of thanks — an
act of courtesy which derives its chief grace by
coming from a political opponent. When tlie
resolution was presented by ii Democratic Rep-
resentative from the South, it was opposed in de-
bate by prominent Wliig members. . . . The
Whigs as a party resisted its adoption. The Dem-
ocrats could not even bring the Hou.se to a vote
upon the resolution witliout the use of {\\c pre-
mous question. [He was accused of partiality,
injustice, and narrowness,] — Bi.aink's Twenty
Years of Conoukss, j). f)9,
125§. COURTESY forfeited. Cmnurell. [He
swept over the country like a tempest,] He
threv* himself before Winchester. The last-
named place surrendered by capitulation. While
here he very courteously .sent in to the Bishop
of Winchester, and offered him a guard to se-
cure his per.son ; but the bishop, tlying into the
castle, refused his courtesy. Afterward, when
the castle began to be battered by two pieces of
ordnance, he sent to the lieutenant-general
thanking him for the great favor olfered to him,
and being now more sensible what it was, he
desired the enjoyment of it. To whom the
wi.se lieutenant-general replied, that since he
made not u.se of the courtesy, but wilfully ran
away from it, he must now partake of the same
conditions as the others who were with him in
♦lie castle ; and if he were taken, he must ex-
pect to be used as a prisoner of war. — Hood's
Ckomwell, ch. 10, p, 1:58,
1259. COURTESY, Marked. Etirilixh. Cour-
tesy to strangers, and to each other, which . . .
was a peculiarity of the English [in I.')!)!)], has
scarcely so maintained its ancient ascendancy.
" They have the incredible courtesy of remain-
ing with their heads uncovered, with an admir-
able grace, while thej' talk to each other." —
Knight's Eng,, vol, 2, ch. LI, p, 254.
1260. COURTESY to the Unfortunate. Bldck
Prince. [At the battle of Poitiers the Black
Prince defeats and captures the French king
.Tohn II.] That night the Prince of Wales [tho
Ulack Prince] made a supper in his lodging for
th(! French king and to the great lords that
were prisoners. " And always the Prince serv-
ed before the king, as inunbly as he could, and
would not sit at the king's board, for any deslns
that the king could make, and exhorted liiiu
not to lu! of heavy cheer, for that King Edward,
his father, shoulcl bear him all honoraiid amity,
and accord with him so reasonably that they
should lie friends ever after." . . . 'I'his scene,
so gracefully performed by him Avlin, a few
hours before, was "courageous and cruel as a
lion," was in perfect aecordanee with the system
of chivalry. — Knkuit's Emi,, vol. 1, ch. ol, p.
47(i,
1201. COURTS, Injustice of remc-utinn. To
abolisli the worship and to dis.sojvi' the govern-
ment of ilie Christians, it was thouLrlit ni'<('ssary
to subject to tli(^ most intolerabi '' > 'sliips the
condition of those ])ervers(( ' ■ . als who
shouldstill reject the religion o' .lu- )f Rome,
and of their ancestors, Peisoi .1: ■ ral birth
W(Te declared incapable of holdii. v ■ .'^y lioiiors
oremiiloymeii's ; slaves were forever di-prived of
the hopes of freedom, and the whole body of tho
]ieoi)l(; were jiut out of the protection of the law.
The judges were authorized to Ik .rand to <leter-
mine every action that was brought against a
Christian. But the Christians were not permit-
ted to comi)lain of any injury ^.Iiicli they them-
selves had sult'ered ; and thus those uiddrtuiiati!
sectaries wereexjiosed to the .severity, while they
were excluded from the benetils, of public jus-
tice. — GiiuioN's Ro.ME, ell, 1(5,
1262. COURTS packed. Rekiii of J.iuwx IT.
[Judges were appointed for the pur])ose of .secur-
ing the desired judgment,] .ludgment was given
by the lord chief justice. Sir Edward Herliert.
He announced that he had submitted theiiue.stioa
to all the judges, and that, in the opinion of eleven
of them, the king might lawfully dispense with
penal .statutes in particular cases, and for special
rea.sons of grave importance. . . . There can be no
rea.sonalile doubt that the dissenting judge was,
like the plaiiitilT and the iilaiiititl's counsel, acting
collusively. It was important that there should
be a great ]>rep()nderance of authority in favor of
the (li.spensiiig jKiwer ; yet it wa.s important that
'he bench, wliich liad been carefullv packed for
the occasion, should appear to lie indeiiendent.
One judge, therefore, the least respectable of the
twelve, was permitted, or more proliably com-
manded, to giv(! his voice against the preroga-
tive. — Macai'i.ay's Eng., cli. 6, p. 78.
1263. COURTS, Scandalous. liei'pi of ^ ///tries
T. The judges of the common law, holding
their situations during the |)lca.sure of the king,
were scandalously obseciuious. Yet, obse(|uious
as they were, they were less ready and ellicient
instruments of arbitrary power tl.an a class of
courts, the memory of wl ich is still, :dter the
lapse of more than two centuries, held in deep
abhorrence by the nation. Foremost among
these court,", in power and in infamy were the
Star Chamber and the High Commission, the for-
mer a political, the latter a religious, imiuisition.
Neither was a part of the old Constitution of Eug-
lana. — Macaulay's Eng., ch, 1, p. 83.
1264. C0VET0U8NESS, Contemptible. Ilcnry
III. History presents him in scarcely any other
152
COVETOUSNESS— COWARDICE.
lifiht tlmn llial of an cxlortioncr and a Ix'jrgar.
Tin; rcconl.s of tlic Excli('((U('ral)unilantlj' show.
that, for forty years, tlicn; were no contrivances
lor olitainiii!,' money so mean or niijust that lie
disdained to ])ractis(! tiiem. — KMiiin's Knu.,
vol. 1, ch. :.>4, p. 2()1.
1205. C0VET0U8NESS punished, df/il. MWh-
ridates . . . sent A(^uiilius round tlie cities of tlic
jiroviiice scut(^d on an ass, wiili a proclamation
Ktatiiii^ tliat to Ids covetous dcalini;s alone tlie
war was due, and llicn ])nt Idni to (ieatli by lia\-
ing molten t^old jioured down liis tliroat.— J^iu-
j>ici,i,'m Komi:, ch. T)!!, t^ (i, |). .")it(i.
I20«. C0VET0U8NE8S, Royal. /A//;// J//.
In I2'dii the (|U<'en l'r)i-e a son, Kdward ; and then
the .streets \ver(^ illununated, while hands of
dancers made the niirht ,joyl'ul with drum and
tambourine. Hut Henry . . . was not .satisfied with
barren re joicini^s. Jle sent out messeiiirers to asj^
for i)resents, into city and into country. They
came back. If well loaded, the kini; snnled ; if
the t:;ift were small, it was rejected with contempt.
" God <rave us the child," said a Norman, " but
the kins;- sells him to us," In i'2')l lie went about
seekinir liosi)itality of abbot.s, friars, clerks, and
men of low deirree, stayiuijj with th(!m anil askinj;
gifts." . . . Two y(;ars b(d'o''e tins . . . Henry
shamelessly transirre.s.sed the bounds of royal di;r-
inty, by e.vactinir New Year'ssrifts from the citi-
/(tiisof liondon. " Lend me £100," said the kinj^-
to the abbot of Kanisay ; and the abbot re])]ied :
" 1 have sometimes inven, Init never lend," and
so went to IIk; money-lenders and borrowed it,
"that lie mii^lit satisfy the wants of tliiH be,ir<:ar
king." — K.NioiiTS Eno., vol. 1, ch. 24, j). iHi2.
laer. COWABD, The deserted. PasciK. [Af-
ter receiviiiii: an overwhelmini; defeat from the
llomans, Perseus, the Kiuj; of tJie Macedonians, ]
lied from Pydiia to Pella, with his cavalry, which
liad milfered no lo.ss. When the foot overtook
them, they reproached them as cowards and trai-
tors, ])ulle(l them olf tlieir hor.ses, and wounded
several of them ; so that the kini;, dreadinji' the
coiiseijuences of the tnnndt, turn(!d his hor.se out
of the common road ; iind, lest he should be
known, wrajiped u]) his ]mri)le robe, and jiut it
before him ; he also took olf his diadem, and car-
ried it ill his hand ; and that he nuijht converse
the more conveniently with his friends, aliirhted
from his horse and led him. But they all slunk
away from him by deirrees : on(! under jireteiise
of tyinir his shoe, another of waterinij; liis horse,
and a third of bi'im;' thirsty himself ; not that
they were so much afraid of the encuny, asof the
cruelty of Perseus, who, exasi)erate'd with his
misfortunes, souiiht to lay the blame of his mis-
carriage on anybody but himself. — Pi,i T.vitcii'H
PaItI.IS ^ilMIIJlS.*
126§. COWARD, Professions of the. GcUmer.
[The defeated king of Carthage. J In the even-
ing Belisarius led liis infantry to the attafik of
the camp ; and the pusillanimous Oiglit of Geli-
mer exposed the vanity of his recent declarations,
that to the van«|uished death was a relief, life a
burden, and infiia / the only object of terror.
His departure was secret ; but as .soon a.s the
Vandals discovered that their king had deserted
them, they liastily dispersed, anxious only for
their personal safety, and careless of every ob-
ject that is dear or valuable to mankind. — Gib-
bon's Home, ch. 41.
1260. COW ABDICE, Appearance of. Abdalluh.
[Gregory olTered his daughter's hand luid grwit
riches to the youth who would bring iiim the
head of Abda'llah, the general of the Saracens,
lie withdrew from the Held at the solicitation of
his brethren. I A noble Araliian . . . on the
news of the battle, Zobeir, with twelve com]ian-
ions, cut his way through thecamjiof the Greeks,
and pressed fonvard, without tasting either food
or repose, to partake of the dangers of his bretli-
ren. I le cast liis eyes roun<l the held : " Whei'e,'*
said he, " is our general ?" "In liis tent." "la
tlie tent a station for the general of the Moslems V"
Abdallah represented with a blush the imixirtanco
of his own life, and the teiiiiitation that was held
forth by the Koiiian prefect. — Giiuiun's KuMK,
ch. .".I. '
1270. COWARDICE of the Cruel. Nrro.
Nero, atiandoiied by his guards, v:.;; obliged to
conceal himself in the house of on(! of his frecd-
meii. The Senate ])roclainied him an enemy to
his country, and condemned him to die Viore
vHijornin — that is, to be scourged, thrown from
the Tarjieian rock, and then thing into the Ti-
bei'. Unable to bear the thoughts of such a death,
Xero tried the jjoints of two daggers, but wanted
courage to die by his own hand. He entreated
the aid of one of his slaves, who was not slow in
the ])erformaiice (>f that friendly olfice ... a
character hapjiily diflicult to be jiaralleled in the
annals of human nature. — TvTMiJi's llisT., Book
.•), ch 1 .
1271. COWARDICE despised. " General White-
fcdtlicr." [General VVhillock surrendered Monte-
video in a cowardly manner, and returned to
England with a whole skin. He was nicknamed
General Whitefeather.] — IvMCiUT'a Eng., vol. 7,
ch. 27, 11. 48().
1272. . " TJttle. King." Ferdinand
attackt'd his former idly with the tmitod forces
of Castile and Arragon. The war was tedioiis,
and lasted several years. Isabella accompanied
her husband in several of his militaiy expedi-
tions, and attended him when he laid siege to the
city of Granada, in 141d. After a blockade of
eight months, the ])usillanimou8 Abo-Abdeli,
who has been called El Key Chico, or the Little
King, meanly ca])itulated, contrary to the senti-
ments and urgent remon.st ranees of above twenty
thou.sand of the inhabitants, who ofleretl to de-
fend their native city to the last extremity. The
treaty between Abo-Abdeli and Ferdinand secur-
ed to the Moors of Granada a small mountain-
ous ])art of the kingdom, with the enjoyment of
their laws and religion. The Moorish jirince,
execrated by his i)eo])le, betook himself to this
despicable retreat. He is said to have wept when
he ca.st back his eyes to the beautiful jilain and
city of Granada. " You have rea.son," said hi.s
mother, " to weep like a ironttni for the loss of
that kingdom, which you could not defend liki;
a iiiiin." Thus ended the dominion of the Moors
in S])ain. about eight hundred years after its
foiuidation [.v.d. 141)1]. — Tvti,i;u's Hist., Book
0, ch. 14.
r273. COWARDICE, Disgrace of. Ihinid Scott.
[Sir Walter Scott's brother.] Daniel Scott was
the black .sheejiof the family. He got into diltt-
culties in business, formed a bad connection with
an artful woman, and was sent to try his fortunes
in the West Indies. There he was employed in
COWARDICE— CUEDULITV
153
some service npaiiist, a body of refractory negroes,
. . . and api)areiitly showeil the white featlicr. Mr.
Lockliart says tliat " ho rcturiieii to Scotliiiui a
di.slionored man ; and tliou^h lie found slielter
and compassion from liis mother, his hrotlier
would never see him aijain. Nay, when, soon
ufter, his health, shattered by dissolute indul-
gence, . . . gave way altogether, and he died, us
yet a young nian, th(! i)oet refused either to at-
tend his funeral or to wear mourning for him,
like the rest of Ins family." Indeed, he always
Hpokeof him as liis " relative," not as his brother.
Here again Scott's severity was due to his broth-
er's failure as a "man of honor" — i'.c. ,in (;our-
uge. — IIltton's Hcott, eh. 11.
1271. COWARDICE prevented. Rohn-t Gnui-
card. [Xormans were victorious over tlie Greeks. ]
On the re])ort and distant i)rospect of these for-
midal)le numbers, Robert a.ssembled a council of
Ins j)rincii)al otHcers. " You behold," said he,
"your danger ; it is urgent and inevitable. The
hills are covered with arms and standards, and
the emperor of the Greeks is accu.stomed to wars
and triumi>Iis. Obedience and union are our
only safety, and I am ready to yield the com-
mand to a more worthy leader." The vote and
acclamation, even of Ins secret enemies, a.ssured
him, in that perilous mon^ent, of their esteem
and contidence ; and the duki' thus continued ;
" Let us trust in tlie rewards of victory, and de-
prive cowardice! of the means of escape. Let us
burn our ves.sels and our baggage, and give bat-
tle on this spot, as if it were the place of our na-
tivity and our burial." The resolution was
unanimously approved ; and, without contining
liimself to his liiu's, Guiscard awaited in battle
array the nearer approach of the enemy. — Giu-
UON 8 Ro.MK, ch. r)6.
1375. CO'WARDICE punished. Hownns. The
dictator, or consul, had a riglit to command tlu;
Bcrvice of the Roman J'outh, and to punish an
obstinate or cowardly di.sobedieiu'e by the most
severe and ignominious penalties — by .striking tlie
oflenderout of tlie list of citizens, by conliscatiiig
his property, and by selling his person int(j sla-
very. — Gujuon's Romk, ch. a.
iar«. . Deputies. On the 2d of
line [lTi):i] the Tuileries were completely sur-
roundetl by an armetl nuiltitudc; of HO. 000 men,
with ;i formid >!e park of artillery commanded
by ilcnriot ; and the commune required from
the all' lighted deputies an immediate decree for
the arrest of the Girondist members. They at
irsl refused comijliance, but were at lengtli com-
I'lled to vote at the jMiint of the bayonet the ar-
j t of thirty-two Girondist members, including
li -^sot, Wrgniaud, Guadet, Gensonne, Petion,
ai. I all the celebrated names of the iiar'y. Such
was tlie fall of the Girondist.s — a nu'inorjible and
righteous retriiiution for tlieir cowardly aban-
donment of the king. — STri)i:NTs' Fkance, ch.
27, i: L>, p. r>(iC.
1277. COWARDICE reproved. Romnnn.
[During the war of tlu' Allies the enemy] gave
the Romans a good opportunity of attacking
them, and they were afraid to embrace it ; afti'r
both parties were retired Marius called his sol-
diers together, and made tliis short speech to
them : " I know not which to call the greatest
cowards, the enemy or you ; for neither dare
they face your backs nor you theirs." At last,
pretending to be incapacitated for the service by
Ids intirmities, he laid down the command. —
I'l.UTAUCH.
ia7«. COWARDICE, Shameful. General IMl.
[The HritishJ advanced to the siege of Detroit.
The Americans, in their trenches outside of thu
fort, were eager for battle, and stood with lighted
matches awaiting the order to tire. When tlio
Rriti.sh were within live hundred yards, to tlio
amazement of both armies, Hull hoisted a whit«!
tlag over the fort. There was a lirief parley and
a surrender, perhaps the most shameful in the
Iii.story of the United States. Not oidy tii;- army
in Detroit, but all the forces under Hull's com-
mand, became ])ri.soners of war. The whole of
Michigan territory was surrendered to the Brit-
ish. At the capitulation, the American oflicers,
in rage and desiiair, stamped the ground, broko
their swords, and tore olf tiieir epaulets. Tlie
whole country was humiliated. [Hull was court-
martialed, convicted of cowardice, and senlencetl
to be shot. President Madison i)ardoned him.]
— RiDi'ATii's L'. S., ch. 49, p. 395.
1379. COWARDICE, Unpardonable. Germnnn.
In the faith of soldiers (and such were the Ger-
mans) cowardice is tlu; mo.st unpardonable of
sins. A brave man was the worthy favorite of
their martial deities ; the wretch who liad lost
his shield was alike banished from the religious
and civil assemblies of his countrymen. — Giu-
uon's Rome, ch. 9.
1280. COWARDS punished. Lacedinnouinns.
Such persons 'i e not only excluded all otHces,
but it is infamous to intermarry with them. Any
man who meets them is at liberty to strike them.
They are obliged to ajjpear in a i )rlorn manner,
and in a vile habit, with iiatch;.' of divers colors ;
and to wear their beards half shaved and half
unshaved. — Plutahcu.
12§1. CREDULITY of Philosophers. Seven.
Seven friends and jibilosophers, Diogenes and
llermias, Eulalius and Pri.scian, Damascius, Isi-
dore, and Simi)licius, who dissented from Mie
religion of their sovereign, embraced the resolu-
tion of seeking in a foreign land the freedom
which was denied in their native country. They
had heard, and they credulously believed, that
the republic of Plato was realized in the des]iot-
ic government of Persia, and that a patriot king
reigned over the happiest and most virtuous of
nations. They were soon a.stonished by the nat-
ural discovery, that Persia resembled the other
ciiuntries of the globe; that Chosroes, who af-
fected thenameof ajihilosoplier, was vain, cruel,
and ambitious ; that bigotry and a spirit of in-
tolerance prevailed among the Magi ; that the
nobles were haughty, the courtiers servile, and
the magistrates unjust; that the giiilty soine-
tiincs esca[)ed, and that the innocent were often
ojipressed. Tin; disap])ointment of the plii-
!oso])liers ])rovoked them to overlook ilic real
virtues of tin; Persia:is ; and they were scandal-
ized, more dceiily jierliaps than became their
lirofession, with the ])]urality of wives and con-
c'ubines, the incestuous marriages, and the cus-
tom of exposing dead bodies to the dogs and vult-
ures, instead of hiding them in the earth, or
consuming them with tire. Their repentance waa
expres.sed by a precipitate return, and they loud-
ly declared that they had rather die on lue bor-
i
T5-t
CRP:r)ULITY— CRIME.
If
11?
(lers of tlio onipiio tlmn onjoy the wealth iiixl
fuvcr of the biirliiiriiui. — Qiuuon'h Komk, eh. 40.
lasa. CEEDULITY, Religloui. Pruntrmft.
[The l)lo()(l wJiich Mowed (hiriiif; the agony of
our Lord was pretended to he exhibited accord-
ing to tlie price paiil for tlie sigiit. I^atiiner de-
clared it to bo (ilariflcd honey, colored with saf-
fron.) There was in the priory of Cardigan an
imago of the Virgin, with a tajuT in tier hand,
which was found standing on the river Tyne,
witli the taj)er always burning ; but being car-
ried into Clirist's Church, in CJardigan, the iinagt?
would not stay there, but was found tliretiorfour
times in the place where now is l)uildcd the
Church of our Lady, and the tajM-r burning in
her hand, which continued still burning for the
space of nine years without wasting, until the
time that one foreswaro himself tliereon, and
then it extincted and never burned thereafter.
. . . There was an image at IJangor worth lo
the friars 20 marks by the year in corn, cat-
tle and cheese, and money. . , . The famous
rood of Hoxley, of which the figure could move
its threatening eyes, twitch liis nostrils, throw
back lus head, or nod approbation, is elevated on
n scaffold, and goes through the performance at
which past generations had wondered and trem-
bled . . . The imposture is proclaimed from
tlie pulpit . . . the machinery is disclosed and
consiimed to the tiames. — IvMCiiir's Exo., vol. 2,
ch. 2^), p. 40!).
laiS. CREDULITY of the Sick. iMrdAudlcy.
The belief in empirical remedies was not con-
lined to the humble classes. Lord Audley, in
15.53, .sends to Cecil, who was .seriously ill, reci-
pes for two medicines which bo had proved up-
on himself and his wife. One of these is founded
on the healing virtues of a sow j)ig nine days old,
distilled with many herbs and spices. The other
is more ample : 'Item. Take a . . . hedgehog,
and quartor him in pieces, and put the .said beast
in a still with these ingredients : item, a (piart of
red wine, a pint of rose-water, a quart of sugar,
cinnamon and groat raisins, one datc.t wel ve nope"
[turnips], — Kniuut's Eno., vol. 2, ch. 8, p. 498.
12§4. CREDULITY, Superstitious, liomani*.
The nations and the sects of the Roman world
admitted, with equal credulity and similar ab-
horrence, tlie reality of that infernal art which
was able to control the eternal order of the plan-
ets and the voluntary operations of the human
mind. They dreaded the mysterious power of
spells an(i ini'antations, of potent herbs, and ex-
ecrable rites, which could extinguish or recall
life, inflame the passions of the .soul, blast the
works of creation, and extort from the reluctant
demons the secrets (jf futurity. They l)elievetl,
with the wildest inconsistency^ that the preter-
natural dominion of the air, of earth, and of hell
was exerci.sed, from the vilest motives of malice
or gain, by .some wrinkled hags and itinerant
sorcerers, who pa.ssed their obscure lives in pen-
ury and contempt. The arts of magic wore equal-
ly condemned by the public opinion and by the
laws of Rome ; but as they tended to gratify tlie
most imperious pa.ssions of the heart of man,
they were continually proscribed and continual-
ly practised. An imaginary cause is capable of
producing the most serious and mischievous ef-
fects. The dark predictions of the death of an
emperor, or the success of a conspiracy, were
calculated only to stimulate the hopes of ambi-
tion and to dissolv(! the tics of fidelity ; and Iho
intentional guilt of magic was aggravated Jiy tho
actual crimes of trea.son and sacrilege. 8uch vain
terrors disturbed the i)ea('o of .society and tho
hapiiinessof individuals ; and the harmless flame
which in.sen.sil)ly melted a waxen image might
derive a powerful and pernicious energy from
the afTrighted fancy of the pcr.s(m whimi it was
maliciously' designed to represent. From the in-
fusion of those lierbs which were supposed to
pos.sess a supernatural influence, it was an ea.sy
step to the use of more substantial poison ; and
the foil}' of mankind .sometimes became the in-
strument and the mask of the most atrocious
crimes. — Guujon's Ro.me, cli. 25, p. .5;J(J.
12§5.
Pcrm'fnin.
r.Vrlaxerxes
summoned a great council of tlie Magi, which
was reduced by selection from eighty thousand to
seven.] One of these, Erdavirapli, a young but
lioly iirelale, received from the hands of his
lirethrcn three cups of .soporiferous wine, lie
drank them off, and instantly fell into a long and
profound sleeji. As soon as he waked, he relat-
ed to the king and to the believing multitude Ids
journey to heaven and his intimate conferences
with tho Deit}'. Every doubt was silenced by
this supernatural evidence ; and the articles of
the faith of Zoroa.sfer were fixed with ecjual
authority and i)recision. — Gihhon'sRomk, ch. 8.
12§6. CRIME, Epidemic of. EiKjhind. There
was a gorul deal of alaiin in the autumn of 1093
from the daring crimes that sometimes .seem epi-
demic in a nation. Hence a proclamation again,st
highwaj'inen was Lssuod. Gangs of banditti
robbed mails and stage-coaches even in the day-
time. . . . Rurglars were almost as bold and
numerous as footpads and higliwaymen. [Thero
had been four years of war with James II. and
Louis XIV.]— Kmgut's Enu., vol. 5, ch. 10,
p. 155.
12§7. CRIME, Evidence of. Cirnnmttantinl.
[Burning of Rome by Nero.] Whetlier lie was
really guilty or not of having ordered that im-
mense conflagration, it is certain that he was .sus-
pected of it by his contemporaries, and lias been
charged with it by many historians of his country.
It is certain, also, tbat his head had been full for
years of the image of flaming cities ; that ho used
to say that Priam was to bo congratulated on
having seen the ruin of Troy ; tliatho was never
able to resist Iho fixed idea of a crime ; that tho
year following he gave a ])ublic recitation of a
poem called 'Troica," from tho orchestra of the
theatre, and that this was only the liurning of
Rome under a thin disguise ; and that just before
his tiight he meditated setting fire to Rome once
more. It was rumored that when some one had
fold him how Gains used to quote the plira.se
of Euripides —
" AVlieii I am dead, sink the whole earth in
flames I"
he replied, " Xay, Init while I live !" Ho was
accused of the ambition of destroying Rome,
that he might repla-e its tortuous and narrow
lanes with broad, regular .streets and uniforra
Hellenic editices, and so have an excuse for
changing its name from Rome to Neropolis. It
was believed tliat in his morbid appetite for new
sensations he was quite capable of devising a
CRIME— CRIMINALS.
155
tnily iirtistic Kpcctiiclo which would tlirill his
jrtdt'd ii'Ntlictici.sin, and supply Inm with vivid
inmgiiry fortlic viipid iintitlicsl'sof IdHitocmH. It
■was Itotli believed and recorded tliat (luring liie
terrors of tiie ivctual H|)eclac]elie liadcliiuhed tiie
Tower of Ma'ceiias, liad exjjressed ids deliglital
Avliat lie called " tlie llower and loveliness of Ww
Humes," and in Ids scenic dress liad suni^ on his
own i)rivat(? stag(( the " Cai)tiu'e of Ilium." —
Fauuak's Eaki.y Days, ]). 'M.
13MS. CBIHE, Expiation of. />' x r n i n <i of
Jtomc. It is clear tliat a shedilinj^ of blood — in
fact, some form or other of human sacrifice —
ivas imjieratively demanded by popular feelinir
lis an expiation of IIk^ ruinous crinu; which liad
plunijeil so many thousand'* into the depths of
misery. In vain liad tla; Sibylline Hooks been
once nwrv consulted, and in vain had public
prayer been olfered, in accordance wiili their
tlinjctions, to Vulcan and the goddessesof Karlh
and Hades. In vain had the Roman matrons
wallied in procession in dark robes, and with
their loiiji^ liair unbound, to jiropitiate the in-
Kulted majesty of .luno, and to sprinkle with sea-
■\vat(;r lier ancient statue. In vain liad larj^esses
lieen lavished ii|)on the people and i)ropitiatory
sacrifices offered to the gods. In vain had ]iubli(;
lianquets liecii celebrat(,'d in lionor of various
deities. A crime had been committed, and
liomans had jierished unavenged. Blood cried
for blood before the sullen suspicion against
Nero could be averted, or the indignation of
lieaven appea.sed. [Nero accused, and then per-
secuted, the Cliristians for his own crime.] —
Fauuar's Early Days, p. So.
12§0. CRIME of Imagination. Cupital. [(^n
thetrial of the Duke of IJuckingliam, in 1521.] a
monk of the Charter-liou.se, who pretended to a
knowledge of future events, " liad divers times
said to the duke that he should be King of
England ; but the duke said tliat in himself he
never consented to it." The judicial inference
was, that he had committed the crime of imag-
ining the death of the king, and that liis words i
■were .satisfactory evidence of such imagining.
Buckingham was convicted [and lieheaded]. —
Knight's Eno., vol. 2, cli. 17, p. 2b7.
1390. CEIME, Memorial of. "Labrador."
Men were already witli the Portuguese an estab-
lished article of tratHc ; the inhabitants of the
American coast seemed well fitted for labor ; and
Corte-Real [the Portuguese .sailor] freighted his
ships with more than fifty Indians, whom, on
his return, he .sold as slaves. . . . The name of
Labrador, transferred to a more norllu'rn ((last,
is prolial)ly a memorial of his iriiiie. — JiAN-
cuokt's History of U. S., cli. 1.
1291. CRIME, Organization for. Eiuihtnd,
1752. Fielding said, " there are at this time a great
gang of rogues, whose numlier falls little short of
a hundred, who are incor])orate(l into one body,
liave officers and a treasurer, and have reduced
theft and robbery info a regular system." —
KNionT's Eng., vol. G, ch. 127 p. 192.'
1393. CRIME, Reaction of. liommoud. [She
■was the exiled murderess of Alboin, her royal
husband.] With her daughter, the heiress of
tlie Lombard throne, her two lovers, lier trusty
Gepidae, and the spoils of the palace of Verona,
Rosamond descended llie Adige and tlie Po, and
was transported by a (Jreek vessel to the safe har-
bor of l{avenna. Longimis beheld with delight
the charms and the treasures of the widow of
Alboin ; liersituationand lierpa.st conduct might
justify tli(! most licentious proposals ; and sho
readily listened to tlie i)assion of a minister wlio,
even in the decline of the enii)ire, was respectecl
as tilt; ecpial of kings. The death of a jealous
lover was an ea.sy and grateful .sacTitice ; and as
llelmichis [her former lover] issued from tlio
bath he received the deadly i)olion from the
hand of his mistress. The taste of the lirpior, its
speedy operation, and liisex]H'rience of llus char-
acter of Rosamo!id, convinced him that Xw wa.s
poisoned ; he pointed his dagger to her breast,
compelle<l her to drain the remainder of thecu]),
and exi)ired in a few minutes, with the con.sola-
tion that she could not survive to enjoy the fruits
of lier wickedness. — Gikiion's Ro.mk, eh. 45.
139JI. CRIME taught. " Dail'i* Arir." In
18!J7 there was a district lying near Westmin-
ster Abbe}', called "The Devil's Acre," wliero
depravity was universal; where professional beg-
gars were littetl out witli all the appliances of
impo.sture ; where there was an agency otlice for
the hire of children to lie carried about by for-
lorn widows and deserted wives to move tie
compassion of street-giving benevolence ; where
young jiickpockets were cluly trained in the art
aiul mystery wliicli was to conduct them in dc.o
course to an exiiensive voyage for the good of
tlieir country [to Botany Bay]. — Knight's Eno.,
vol. 8, eh. 22, p. 3i)9.
1394. CRIMES, Equality of. Stou-K Yrovn.
the portico the Roman civilians learned to liyi,
to rea.son, and to die ; but they imbibed in some
degree the prejudices of the .sect — the love of
]iaradox, the iiertinacious liabits of disjiute, and
a minute attachment to words and verbal dis-
tinctions. 'I'he su]ieriority of form to niatt'-r
was introduced to ascertain the right of projH'rty ;
and the e(piality of crimes is countenanced by an
opinion of Trebatiiis. that he who touches the ear
touches the whole body ; and that he who steals
from a heap of corn or a hogshead of wine is
guilty of tlie entire theft. — Giuuon's Rome,
ch. 44.
1395. CRIMINAL, A monster. CdtiUnc. In
an age when licentiousness of the grossest kind
■vvMS too common to attract attention, Catiline
had achieved a notoriety for infamy. He had
intrigued witli a Vestal virgin, the sister of Cice-
ro's wife, Tereiitia. If Cicero is to be believed,
he had made away with liis own wife, that he
might marry Aurelia Oreslilla, a woman as wick-
ed as she was beautiful, and he had killed his
child also because Aurelia had fibjected to be in-
cumbered with a stepson. But this, too, was
common in high society in those days. Adultery
and incest had become familiar excitements.
Boys of ten years old had learned the art of jioi-
soniiig their fathers. — FnofUK's C.ksar, ch. 11.
1396. CRIMINALS branded. Clrriml. The
act for Bishops, to punish priests and other re-
ligious men for dishonest life, . . . provides that
if a person not in orders sliall have once been ad-
mitted to such benefit [of clergy], he shall not
be again so admitted, but be marked with M up-
on the brawn of the left thumb if convicted of
murder, and with T if for any other felony, and
I.jG
CIUMIXALS— CHITK'IS.M.
then lie <l('Iiv('r('(i to the ordiiiarv. — Knkiiii's
En<i., vol. •,', ell. 15, p. 24;!.
I !|07. CRIMINALS, Clerical. F.fn.ml. |Iii
1512 II .sliiliilc was pas.scd, -wliicli] cxciiipls from
hcnclil of clci-i^y all iminicrcrs, lii;j:li\vay roh-
licrs, and biiruiars, such as Ixtwitlnn holy orders
oidy except. . . . The ecclesiastical aiiiiiorities
rei,^arded it as eiieroachiiieiit. upon the privileires
of the Cliurih, and they prevented its renewal
at the expiration of the first year. ... A cer-
tain al)iiiit . . . denounced from the pidpit at
Paul's Cross all those who had assented to the
act. — KsKiiir's E.\(i., vol. '2, ch. 17, p. 277.
^ lOOi. CRIMINALS, Conniving with. PiriiOs.
[The Knii)cror .Maximian appointed Carausius to
the command of his fleet in tlu* liritish Chamtcl
for the suppression of the (Jerman i)irates. | The
ii/teifrity of the new admiral corresijonded not
with his al)ilities. When the (Jerman pirates
sailed from their own harbors he eoimived at
(i/eir passatic, hut he (lili;j(.|,tiy intercepted their
n;turn, anil approi)riated to his own use an atJiple
.sliare of tlie s|)oil which they had aecpiired. 1'he
wealth of Carausius was, on this occasion, very
justly considered as an evidence of his i^inlt';
a/ul Maxiiuian irave orders for his death. — t'tiij-
ijo.n's Homk, ch. i;5, p. 4()i).
139ft. CRIMINALS, Haant8 of. h>i,ih>,i. The
liou.sc f)f the Carmelite Friars . . . had, before
the Heformation, been a sanctuary for criminals,
and still retained the privilege of proteetinsjj
<lebtors from arrest. Insolvents constMpiently
were to be found in every dwelling, from cellar
to garret. ( )f these a large jiroportioii were
knaves and liliertines, and were followed to their
asylum by women more abandoned than Ihem-
.sclves. . . . Thougli tlie immunities legally
belonging to the place extended only to rases of
debt ; cheats, false witnesses, forgers, and high-
waymen found refuge there ; for amid a rabble
.so desperate no ]K'ace officer's life was in safety.
At the cry of " liescue," bullies, with .sword.sand
cudgels, and termagant hags, with spits and
broomsticks, jjoureil forth liy hundreds. . . .
Even the warrant of the chief justice of Eng-
land could iioi lie executed without the help of a
, comiianv of uuisketei'rs. — ,M.\c,\ii,av's E.\(i.,
ch. ;{, p.';5:is.
1300. CRIMINALS honored. Jfi;//il<in(I,'rn.
The " llighl.'uiders being in general ])oorly pro-
vided for, they are ajjt to covet other men's
goods; nor are they taught by any laws to di.s-
linguish witli great acciu'acy their own jiroperty
from that of other jieople. '{"hey are not
ashamed of the gidlows — nay, they jiay a relig-
ious res|)e(t to a fortunate plunderer." — CiN-
KINGIIAM, IN KNIlillT's M.Nc;., \()1. ."), cIl. (i.
1301. CRIMINALS, Protection from. 7W/<r,
1780. [The London] jiolicc-ollicer of that day
was called a " tliief-takcr" — he was in no sense
of the word adcti'ctive ora preventive funetion-
aiy. He knew the thieves, and the thieves knew
Lim. His business was to " let the matter ri])eii"
when he had information of a hou.se to be broken
open or a mail to l)e robbed. Wlien lie was
sure of acajiital conviction he took his man, and
obtained £40 " blood money." — Kniuiit'sEno.,
vol. 7, ch. G, p. 117.
130a. CRIMINALS, Rule of. Briclewdl, 1738.
Mr. Booth is committed to Bridewell. . . .
Wlien lie goes to prison, a number of persons
gather round him in the yard, and demand
"garnish." The kcejier explained that it was
customary for every new prisoner to treat the
others with something to drink. Tlio young
mail had no money, and the keepers ({uietly
permit the .scoundrels to. strip liim of his clothes.
All persons sent to Hridewell were treated alike,
so far as the prison (lisci|)line was concerned. —
FiKi.DiNCi, IN Knkuit's Kn(i.,vo1. 7,ch. (J, p. 117.
I ;iO:i. CRISIS, Equal to the. ('n>,„ir,n. Pym
was dead, iiampden was dead. Cromwell, as
he looked along its benches, would notice mauy
a place vacated where once sal some strong
friend of order and of freedom. It had .so shrunk-
en from honor that it had come to b(> called
" the Ilump. " . . . On tlie 20th of Ajiri!, 1«53,
while Cromwell was (piietly sitting in Ids own
'"lodgings" in Whitehall, there was brought to
him a message, that at that very moinent ii bill
was being hurried through the itouse, by which
this most comely piece of government was re-
solving its own indefectible perpi'liiity, and thus
attempting a great act of usurpation. Let the
reader, therefore, distinctly understand that It
was the u.surpation of ca])ability agiunst incapa-
bility ; tli(! IIou.se must be checkmated. Crom-
well, therefore, immediately gathered liis ofHcera
round him and walked down to tlu? a.ssembly
[and turned it into the street]. — Hoou'b Cuom-
WKi.i., ch. 14, J). 17(5.
1304. CRITIC at Church, The. hml Georrje
Siickrille UrriiKiiii. [.Minister in charge of the
American department under George IIL, a.d.
1775.] Apparelled on Sunday morning in gala,
as if for the drawing-room, lie constantly
marched out all his household to the parish
church, where he would mark time for the sing-
ing gallery, chide a rustic chorister for ii dis-
cord, stand u]) during the .seri.ion to survey the
congregation or overawe the idle, and with un-
moved sin(erity gesticulate approbation to the
preacher, whom he .sometimes cheered on by
name. . . . This friendless man . . . could plan
. . . how to lay America in ashes. — B.vncuoft's
U. S., vol. 8, ch. 51.
1305. CRITICISM, Aroused by. h»-(l Byron.
The Kdinhiinih Rcricir ai)peared which con-
tained the celebrated article that stung the poet
so cruelly. " The ])oesy of this young lord,"
began the reviewer, " belongs to the class which
neither gods nor men are .said to iH'rniit. . . .
His effusions are spread over a dead flat, and
can no more- get above or below the level than
if they were .so much stagnant water." Anil so
on for three bant(>ring ])ages, interspersed Avith
specimens of the noble " minor's" stanzas. This
slinging satire, which would have crushed some
young writers of versis, fixed I.,ord Hyron in
the career of letters. — Cvci.oi'KUi.v of Bioo.,
p. 294.
130«. CRITICISM, Directed. Alribindes. Al-
eibiades had a dog of unconiniou size and beau-
ty, which cost him 70 miiiiv, and yet his tjiil,
which was his iirinciiial ornament, he cansecl
to be cut olT. Some of his accpiaintance found
great fault with his acting so .strangely, and told
liim tliat all Athens rung with the s'tory of his
foolish treatment of the dog ; at which he laughed
and said, " This is the very thing I wanted ; for
I would have the Athenians talk of this, lest they
CKITK "ISM— CROSS.
157
nliduld find Hoinctliinjj woi-hc to sny of inc." —
PiaiT.MU'H's Al.CIIlIADKS.
130r. CEITICI8M feared. M'ilHinu Coirprr.
Tlicrc! was II trciiiMiii;; (•oiiHultatioM as to tliccx-
ju'diciicy of liriii;,nii^ tlio volmiic [of si(tircs| un-
der the notice of .Folinson. " One of his jiointcd
sarcasms, if he should iiap]ien to lie displeased,
■\\didd soon find its way into all companies, and
spoil th<!sale." " 1 think it would he well to send
hi our joint names, accompanied with a hand-
Honu! card, such a one as you will know how to
t'ahrieate. and such as may jiredisposi' him to a
favorahle i)erusul of lh<! l)ook, hy coaxing liim
into a ;i:o()d temper ; for he is a jrrcaL hear, with
I'Ll his leariiinj; and penetration." Fear pre-
vailed ; hut it .secuns that the hook found its way
into tlu! dictator's hands, that his judirmenl on
it was kind, and that h(! even did somelhini^ to
temper th(! wind of adverst; criticism to the shorn
lamb. — S.MiTii'rt Cowi'icu, eh. 4.
130«. CRITICISM, Good. Sannid J„htixo„.
"When 1 ])ointed out to him in \.\w newsj)ai)er
one of Mr. Graltan's ainmated and glowiiii^
siweche.s, in favor of tin; freedom of Ireland, in
■which this expression occurred (I know not if
uecuratoly taken), " We will pers(!vere till there
is notcme link of the English chain left to clank
iipim tlie rags of the meanest beggar in Ireland "
— "Nay, sir" (said John.son), "don't you i)er-
ceive that one link cannot clunk ?" — lioswKi,i,'H
Johnson, p. 580.
1309. CBITICISM i^ored. Abvnhnm Linroln.
[Heing urged to .set a false report right by a
statement of facts in tlio jmpers, lie said :] Oh,
no, at least not now. if I were to try to read,
much less to answer, all the attacks made on me,
this shop might as well be closed for any other
business. I do the very best I know how — th(!
very best I can ; and 1 intend to keep doing .so
unto the end. If the end brings me out all right,
what i.s said against mo won't amount to any-
thing. If the end brings me out wrong, ten an-
gels swearing I was right would make noilifler-
cucu. — U.w.niond's Lincoln, \i. 75;5.
1310. CRITICISM, Mania for. Tluu'lrrmi. The
little courl(!sies of tin; world and tlu; little dis-
com-tesies became snobbish to him. A man cotdd
not wear his hat, or carry his umbrella, or mount
his horse without fallmg mto .some error of
snobbism before his hyi)crcntical eyes. St. ]Mi-
chael would have carried his armcir amiss, and
St. Cecilia liavi^ been snobbish as she twanged
her hiirp. — Troi.i.oi-k's Ti:.\ckeii.vv, ch. 2.
1311. CRITICISM, Opposition by. rnlincrstoi,.
One great secret of his jiower was, that he could
always make the house laugh. lie had a quiet,
homely way of joking, wliich no British audi-
ence could resist. Many of his comic illustra-
tions were drawn from the " ring," all the slang
and science of which he knew. 1 have no doubt
that if he had been attacked in one of his mid-
night Avalks by thri'c unarmed men, not i)ri/.e-
flghters, he woidd have been al)l(! to knock down
the first assailant, damage the .second, and put to
flight the third. I remember, in one of his speech-
es, a pas.sage like this : " Gentlemen on the other
side remind me of another sort of encounter fa-
miliar to lis all. Tom Spring, liard pressed,
cries out, ' Ton, strike too high!' Bob Clinch
changes his tactics ; wheroupoli Tom roars, ' You
manner,
be good,
.Ioiinhon
Htrike Oxthnr! ' I have the same ill luck ; let mo
slrik(! high or low, I caimot please honorable
members opj)osite." — Cvci.oi'KDi.v oK Biuo.,
p. 502.
1314. CRITICISM, Reqaeiti for. S,i mud, John-
Hon. We talked of a lady's verses on Ireland.
l{i;vNoi,i)s : " And how wasit, sir V" .Ioiinson :
" Why, very well for a young miss's verses —
that is to say, com])ared with excellence, noth-
ing ; iait very well for the jierson who wrote;
them. 1 am vexed at being shown verses in that
.Miss Kkvnoi.ds: •' But if they should
why not give; them hearty ])raise ?"
: " Why, madam, becausi' I have; not
then got the belter of my bad humor from hav-
ing been shown them, "i ou must consider, mad-
am, beforehand, they may Im! had as well as good.
Nobody has a right to i)Ut another under such a
ditllcultv, that he must eitlier hurt the person by
telling the truth, orliurt himself by telling wliat
is not true. " — Boswkli.'s Johnson, p. '6H\).
1313. CRITICISM silenced. DionyxiiiH. Phi-
loxenus, it is said, being invited to dine with Dio-
nysius [the tyrant of Syracuse], and to hear liim
recite some poetical composition, was the ordy
one of the guests who took the liberty of censur-
ing it ; he was condemned to the 'mines ; but
being soon after set at liberty, and invited to liear
anotluir recitation, ho held his peace wlien it
cam<; to his turn to give his opinion. " What,"
.said Dionysius, " have you notliing to say on this
occasion 'if" " Carry mo back to the mines," .said
Philoxenus. Dionysius, wo are fold, was notdis-
plea.sed with the answer. — Tyti.ku's Hist.,
Book 3, ch. 8, p. 3(tl.
1314. CRITICISM, Undisturbed by. Ploto.
When one told Plato that the boys in the street.s
were laughing at his singing, "Ay," said he,
" Uien I must learn to .sing l)etter." Being at
another time reminded that he had many aspers-
ers, " It is no matter," .said he ; "1 will live so
that none shall believe them." And once again,
being told that a friend was si)eakiiig detract-
ingly of him, lie replied, "I am confident he
would not do it if he had not some reason."
1315. CROAKING of Degeneracy. Puritaus.
There never was ji ])eri()d in which the .satirist
did not uthrm that the preceding gencialion was
healthier, braver, and altogetiier nobler than
that to which he liad ih\ misfortune to belong.
And so our good Puritan writes [Stubbes, in
15!);}:] "How .strong men were in times past,
how long they lived, and liow healthful th(,'y
were, before such niceness and vain pamjiering
curiosity was invented, we may read, and many
that ]iv(! at this day can te.stifv." — Kmoht's
En(;., vol. 8, ch. It), p. 248.
1316. CROAKING, Habit of. Wmthir. Ad-
dison's 'I'ory Fox-hunter is the true re])resentative
of that class of "country gentlemen who have
always lived out of the way of being better in-
formed." The Fox-hunter'was of the o])inion
there had been no good weatlier .since the Bevolu-
tion ; and that the weather was always fine in th«
veitrn of Charles II.— Knhiht's Eno., vol. 5,
th.' 4, p. 54.
1317. CROSS, Emblems of the. Chrintian.
An instrument of the tortures which were in-
llicted only on slaves and strangers became an
object of horror in the eyes of a Kouiau citizen ;
,
f^ii
168
cuoss— cuowx.
nnd the idcuH of i^iiilt, of |)iiiii, iiinl of li^iioininy
were rloscly iinilcd wiili llic idi'ii of (iic cross.
The l)icly, riitlirr tliaii the liimmriily, of Coii-
xtantiiic soon iil)olis|ir<l in liisitoiniiiioiistlif piiii-
iMliinciit wliicli the Saviour of riiankiiiil iiail con-
cIcHccndcd tosiilTiT ; i)iil liiccinpcror had alrcaily
learned to despise the prejudices of his educa-
tion and of his people Itci'oi'e he could erect in
Jh(! inidsl of Itoine ids own .statue, Ijcariii!,' a
«rosM in its rii,dit liund, willi an inscription
ivliich referred tiie victory of its arms and llic
deliverance of Koine to llie virtue of that salu-
tary si^rii, the lru(! syinlpol of lone and couraLri'.
Tlu! same symhol .sanctilled thi^ arms of the sol-
diers of Constanline ; the cross frlitlere<i on their
Irjimet, was eni^raved on their shields, was in-
terwoven into their lianners ; and the consecrated
(emblems which ador:;i d the jierson of the em-
p<!ror himself wen; distini,niished only hy richer
iralerials imd more exiiuisitu workmanship. —
fcfiinioNH Komi;, ch. !20.
lillM. CROSS, Protection of the, Ln hn r iiin.
[The Roman lal)arum| is descriliedasa lonj^ ])ike
nter.sected liy a transversal heam. The silken
veil which hun,i.c down from the beam was cu-
riously inwroui,dit with the imajifes of the rei;;n-
in^ monarch and his children. The Kummit, of
Hie pik(> supixtrted a crown of ^^old, which en-
closed the mysterious nioninj^ram, at oncoe.vpress-
ive of the li^nirc of the cross and the initial let-
ters of the name of Christ. The safely of the
laharum was intrusted to lifty f^uards of ip-
proved valor and fiih'lity ; tlieir station was
marked hy honors and emoluments ; and some
fortunate accidents soon introdticed an o|)iiuon,
that as long as tlio .guards of tho labarum were
en/^a.iicd in the execution of tlieir oHice tliey
were secure and iiivulneriible iiinid the darts of
tlie enemy. In the second civil war Licinius
felt and dreaded the jwwx'r of this consecrated
banner, the sii^lit of which, in the distress of bat-
tle, animated the .soldiers of Conatantine with an
invincibU' enthusiasm, and scattered terror and
dismay tlironj^h the ranks of the adverse legions.
— GiHiioNs Komi:, cli. 18.
1319. CROSS recovered, The. JMic. In the
recovery of the standards and prisoners which
had fallen into the hands of the Persians . . .
the sub.jects and brethren of lleraclius were re-
deemed from jiersecution, slavery, and exile ;
but, insti'ad of the Roman eagles, tho true wood
of the holy cross was restored to the imiiortunate
demands of tho successor of ("oiistanthie. . . .
lleraclius jierformed in ])erson tiio pilgrimage of
Jerusalem, the identity of the relic was veritied
by till' discreet i)atriarch. and this august cere-
mony has been commemorated by the annual
festival of the exaltation of the cro.ss. ]}efore
the cmju'ror iiresunied to tread the consecrated
ground he was instructed to stri]) himself of the
diadem and purple, the pomp and vanity of the
world. — (Jihijon's IfoMi.;. ch. 47.
1320. CROSS, Victory by the. ('oiiKtauthic.
[Em])eror of Rome.) In one of the marches of
Constantino he is rcportt'd to have scon with his
own eyes the luminous trophy of the cross,
placed above the meridian sun, and inscrilH'd
■with the following words : By this conqueh.
This amazing object la tho sky astonished the
■whole army, as well as the emperor himself, who
was yet undetermined in the choice of a religion ;
but Ids astonishment was converted Into faith liy
the vision of IIk' ensuing night. Christ ajipeared
before his eyes, and, displaying \\w same celes-
tial sign of the cross, lie directed Constanline to
frame a similar standard, and to march, witli an
assurance of victory, against Maxenlius and all
his eiicinics.— (iiniio.SH RoMi:, ( h. iil).
i;WI. CROWN, Compoiite. j\V//Ww;t /. On
the 'itlih of ,May|l«(»"i| lhc|second| coronation
of Naitoleon took place in tiic Cathedral of Mi-
lan, rile iron crown of Charlemagne, wliicii is
I acir'lel of gold and gems covering an iron ring,
formed of one of the spikes x(ii<l to have pierced
our Saviour's hand at the crncitixion . . . was
brought forth. . . . Ileiilaced tlKM'fown upon
his own licad, repealing aloud tin; historical
words, " (Jod lias gixcii it to me — woe to liim
who touches it." — Annorr's N.m'oi.kon 15.,
vol. 1, ch. :.'!>.
ISWi. CROWN declined, ('nnninll. They
both refused the crown : Cromwell in the coun-
cil chamlier, Washington in the camp. . . . Wash-
ington rose amid the acclaniations and love of
the L'nilcd Stales; Cromwell knew thai ho only
leashed and held in check the gorgons, hydras,
and chimeras of perseculioii, despotism, luid
tyranny. Washington beheld all conllicting in-
terests comltining into one liai)py, ])rosperoiis n;i-
tionalily ; Cromwell stood strong, holding tho
balanci's and .scales of toleration and .jiistico be-
tween a hundred sects, all prepared to tly at e-- ;h
other's throats, and every one of which hu 'd
him because ho was strong. . . . Cromwell was,
as has been most truly said, the greatest human
force ever directed to a moral purpose, and
he seems to look across the ocean and even an-
ticiimte Washington. — Hood's CuoMWKMi, ch.
14, 1). 184.
1333. . ('(vmr. Tlie Senate, mcdi-
tatiup on the insult which they had received,
concluded that Ca'Si;r might bo teni])ted, ami
that if they could bring him to consent hewouhl
lose th(! iK'ople's lieart.i. They had already made
him Dictator for life ; ilioy \')led next that ho
really should be king, and, not I'ormaily porha]is,
but tentatively, they olTered him the crown, lie
was sounded as to whether he would accept it.
lie understood the snare, and refused. "\Vhat
was to be done next '/ lie would .soon be gone
to llie East. Rome and its hollow adulations
would lie behind him, and their oiio opportunity
would be gone also. They employed some one
to placoadia<lom on the head of his statue which
stood ujx)!! th(! Rostra. It was done publicly,
in tho midst of a vast crowd, in Ca'sar's pres-
ence. Two eager tribunes tore tin; diadem
down, and ordered the ()fronder into custody. —
Fuor»i;'s C.k.s.mi, ch. 2().
1321. CROWN of Honor. Pamt.in. The civic
crown was the foundation of many jirivilegcs.
He who hail once obtained it had a right to wear
it always. When he apiieared at the public spec-
tacles, the senators rose up to do him honor.
He was placed near their bench ; and his father
and grandfather, by the father's side, were en-
titled to the .same pi'ivileges. Here was an en-
couragement to merit, which cost the public
nothing, i-.nd yet '^' productive of many groat
ctTocts.^Pi.iT.viu . , Cafus Maucius Corio-
i.ANus, Langiiokne's Note.
( UOWN— CULELTY.
159
I!ia5. CROWN of Merit. IM. Tlif (cn-
moiiy <•' '•''* (••iriiimlion was pcrfornifd in the
Capilol liy liis fiiciul and patron, the supreme
inii^'inlrali' of Hie repiildie. Twelve paliieian
ydiilliH were arniyeil in .scarlet ; six reproenta-
tives of tlu! most iliiistrioiis families, in k'"''"'"
roiies, with fjarlands of tlowerM, iieei)mpanied the
i)r(K'esuiun ; in the midst of tlie princes and no-
liles, the senator, ( 'oiinl of Anjrnillara, a kinsman
of the Colonna, assumed his tlirone ; and at the
voice of a herald Petrarch arose. After dis-
<'oiirNin;,'on a text of Viriril, ami thrice repealinuf
Ids vows for the prosperity of Uoine, he knell
liefore the throne, and received from tlie senator
IV laurel crown, with n. more jirecious deelara-
lion, " This isilie reward of merit." 'l"he people
8liouted, " Lon^ life to tlie Capitol and the
piu'l !" -(iinno.N'H HoMi;, eh. 70, p. 4(5i).
l»'i<(. CROWN, Self-impoied. Nnpoli-nn T.
The crown, the sc |«tre, the mantle, and the
KWord were on the altar. 'I"he |)ope lifted tlu'
rrown ; hut Napoh'on, snatchini; the diadem,
modelled after the crown of ('harlemavne, out of
tlu; hands of the Holy Father, placed it upon his
own head ; and then he crowned the empress.
— KsKi Ill's K.No., vol. 7, ch. 25, |). 4;{7.
laar. crown, Theft of a. r.„(ihi>,<l. fin
1071 a Colonel Hlood, disifuised as a (ieriryman,
fja^r^t'd the keei)er of the royal jewels, and after
heating him senseless, with tlu; aid of two others,
he made olT with the crown, lie was soon ar-
rested, and the crown was restored.] — Kmomt's
Eno., vol. 4, ch. 19, p. !n4.
l3tlS. CROWN, Tranjferred. ('(isnr. Antony,
lds('olleaj;u(; in IIk; consulship, approached with
a tiara, and i)laced it on Ca'sar's head, sayinjJT,
'' The peoi)l(; give you this by my hand." That
Antony had no sinister i)urp()se is obvious. He
])erhaps spoke for the army ; or it may b(! that
Ciesar himself .suggested Antony's action, that he
might end the agitation of .so dangerous a sub-
ject. He answered in a loud voice that the Ko-
inans had no king but God, and ordered that the
tiara shoidd be taken to the Cajiitol and placed
on the statvie of Jupiter Olympius. The crowd
burst into an enthusiastic cheer. — Fuoidk's Ck-
BAU, ch. 26.
1320. CROWN, A troublesome. Knri/. Demos-
Inenes rebinlt the walls of Athens nt his own ex-
jK-jiLse, for which tlu; people, at the motion of
(,'tesiphon, decreed him a crown of gold. This
excited the envy and jealousy of ^Eschines, who
thereupon brought that famous impeachment
agidnst Demosthenes, which occasioned his inim-
itable oraticm " I)e Corona." — Pi.i.takch's I)k-
WOSTIIKNKS, LANCillOKNK's NoTi;.
- 1330. CROWNS of Iron and Gold, CharhH TV.
In the cathedral of St. Ambrose, Charles [IV.]
was crowned with the iron crown, which tradi-
tion ascribed to the Lombard monarchy ; but he
was admitted oidy with a jH'aceful train ; the
gates of the city were shut upon him ; an(l the
King of Italy was held a caiitive by the arms of
the Visconti, whom he contirmed in the sove-
reignty of Milan. In the ^'atican he was again
crowned with the (p'ldcn crown of the empire ;
but, in obedience ti) a secret treaty, the Koman
emperor immediately withdrew without reposing
a single night within the walls of Home. — Giu-
bon's Romk, vol. 5,
l:|»l. CRUCIFIXION, Modern, //"//". |Tti
February, iM^'i, \ part of the army in Iniliamade
an \insueeessful attiick upon the fornddablo
works at Donoopew ; the retreat was so orei'ipl-
tate that the wounded men were not carried oil. j
'I'hese unfortiuiate men were all crucitled, anil
their bo<lies sent tloating down the river npou
rafts. — Kmoiit's Eno., vol. H, <h, 12, p. 221).
I33il. CRUELTY, Arlitooratio. " .So r in n n
(!) nlltini II." |In 1(170 one of the Norman chiv-
alry, mimed Ivo 'i'aillebois, at his good pleasure)
would follow the various animals of the peoiiltj
of Croylaiid in the marshes with his dogs ; <lriv()
them toagreatdisiance, drown them in the lakes,
mutilate soiiK- in the tail, others in the ear ; while
often, by breaking the feet and the legs of tlu!
beasts of burden, lie would render them utterly
useless. — KNniiir'H Eno,, vol. 1, ch. 14, p. 11)7.
1333. CRUELTY, Atrooious. Itununi h'niiitr»r
Ciiriirnllii. The tyranny of Tiberius, Nero, and
Domitian, who resided almost constantly at
Uome, or in the adjacent villas, was conlined to
tlie senatorial and e(pieslrian orders. Hut Cara
calla was the (.'oinmon enemy of mankind. . . .
E\('rv province was bv turns the scene of his ra-
pine and cruelty. Tiie senators, compclli (I by
fear to attend his ca|iricious motions, were
obliged to ])rovi(le daily entertainments at an im-
mense expense, which \w abandoned with con-
tem])t to his guards ; and to erect, in every city,
magnith'ent palaces and theatres, which he either
disdained to visit or ordered to be immediately
thrown down. The most wealthy families were
ruined bv ]iartial lines and confiscations, and the
great body of his subjects oppre.s,sed by ingenious
and aggravated taxes. In the midst of jieaee,
and upon the slightest provocation, he issued his
commands, at Alexandria, in Egypt, for a gener
al massacre. From a secure post in the tem]ile
of Sera|)is he viewed and directed the slaughter
of nmny thousand citizens, as well as strangers,
without distinguishing either the number or the
crimp of the suflercrs ; since, as he coolly inform-
ed llu! Senate, nil \\w Alexandrians, those; who
had perished and those who had escap(;d, were
alike guilty. — Gihhon'h Ho.mk, ch. 0.
1334. CRUELTY, Barbarian. 11'//-. The Tim
ringians .served in the army of Attila ; they trav-
ersed, both in their march and in their return, the
territories of the Franks ; and it was j)erhaps in
this war that they c.xerci.sed the cruelties which,
about fourscon; j'cars afterward, were revenired
by tli(! son of Clovis. They ina.s.sucred th<'ir hos-
tages as well as their captives ; two liundr(;d
young maidens were tortured with cx(iuisileaiid
unrelenting rage ; their bodies wen; torn asuialer
by wild horses, or their bones were crushed un-
der the weight of rolling wagons ; and their un-
buried limbs wen; abandoned on the public roads
as a prey to dogs and vultures. Such were those
sjivage ancestors whose imaginary virtues have
sometimes excited the ])rais(! and ( nvy of civil-
ized ages. — Ciinr.dNs Ho.mk, ch. ilo.
133.'>. CRUELTY, Bloodless. Mirhul r.iliFoh-
f/im. [He was tin; usurper of Constantinople.]
By fetir or conscience j'lda'ologus was restrain-
ed from (li]ipiiig his hands in innocent and royal
blood ; but the anxiety of a u.surpor and a parent
urg(;d lilm to secure his throne l)y one of those im-
perfect crimes so familiar to the modern Greeks.
The loss of sight incapacitated the young prince
100
cuiKi/rv
for ilic (U'llvc IhimIucm iif till* worltl ; luMtciul of
llio liriiliil vlolciicn of tciirin;; out. liU cycM, the
vlmiiil iirTVc WHS dcHlrnvcd l>y llic iiitcnMr ^luic
of II rcd-liot liiisln, anil.fniiii l,ii.M(arl>* wuMi-cmos-
rd ((» iidiMtiiiit ciimIIc, wIici-c licHprnl nmiiyvciirs
III privacy and olillvioii. — (Jiiuiun'm 1{o.m'k" cli.
(Vi.
I :|:I4>. CRUELTY, Catholic. In/.nu/. "In
fad," wrilcH Mi'ilc d'Aiilpi;;ii<', " llic Callioliis
liuriicd the lioiiHcs of 111!' I'rolcslanl.t, liirnnl
llit'iii out. iiaki'd in tli<' niidstc.f winli r, and drovi^
tlicni, like licrli.s ol Nwinc, iM'ton? tlicm. If,
a.Hlianicd of tlicir nudity, and dcsirou-tof sickiii^r
shelter from the rij,'oi' of a rcniiirkalily Hcverc wa-
Non, liicsc unhappy wii'Iclirs took rcfiif^c In a
liarn, and conccidcd thcin.sclvcs under the straw,
lh(.' rcliclsiii'.iaiilly set fin- to it and hurncd IIk-im
alive. At other times they were led without
eiothin;; to he drowned in rivers ; and if, on the
roml, they did not nioveciuiek enoii;;h, they were
ur^'ed forward at the point of the pike. When
thev reached the river or the sea they were ]>i'e-
eipitaled into it, in hands of severaf hundreds,
which is ilouhtless an ex.iiriri'ration. If these
])oor wretches arose to the surface of the water,
men were si .lioned alon;^ the lirink to idiin;,'!!
theminapdii with tliel)uttsof i heir muskets, or
to tiro al and kill thein. IIusl>ands were cut to
])le('es in the presenct^ of their wives ; wives and
vlr^nn.s were ahused in tlu; h\^\iI of their nearest
reliitlons ; and lid'anis of seven or eiirht vears
■wens hunf^hefoH! the eyesof theiri)areiits. Nay,
the Irish even went, so far as to teach their own
children to strip and kill the children of the lOnjf-
lish, and da li out their brains a;j;ainst the stones.
Numbers of Protestants weru buried alive, a
many as se\'enly In one tren<'h. An Irish priest,
naimMlMafOdcfrlian, cai)(iiro(l forty or tJfty Vn t-
cstimts, and persuaded them to abjiinf their rr-
li^jion on a promise of (piarter. After their idi
juration he asked them if the}' believed iliat
(-'hrist wius bodily jiresenl, in the Host, and that
the pope was head of th(! Church V and on their
replying in the attlrmative, hesaid : ' Now, then,
yonari! in a very ^ood faitli I' and, for fear they
should relap.sc inl" Iieresy, he cut all their
tliroat.s." — lIoon'sCwoMWKi.i., eh. 11, p. 141.
litftr. CRUELTY to Children. 'J'inio'n: [Ti-
mour the Tartar was a terrible destroyer of hu-
man life.] A (ireek cilyoii the coast of P^phesus
liavinff Rent to meet him and implore his pity a
multitude of children of both se.ves, who sum;
his i)nii.se.s and recited verses of the Koran to
tiatter his rclitrion : " What is that blcatint!: of
sheep that annoys my ears V" said he to his emirs,
" It is the children of the city scut l»y (heir par-
<'nts to meet your horse to inii)lore you to spare
their fathers and iiiotliers. " " Let the horses "f
the Tartars crush them all beneath their feel I'
cried Timour. Tlu; < avalry of the van;^uard
rushecl at the word iijioii those; iimocenis, and
thousands of the liodies of ii\utilate(l children
traced the route of Tinunir. T'le habit of spillini;
blood had ended ■wiih jriviim- Timour that last
dcf:reo of military brutality — an indiirerenee to
blood. — L.\M.\HTiN'K's Tl lUiKY, p. ;3.)8.
133§. CRUELTY of Civilization. Amfrirnn
IruUans. We call them cruel ; yrl they never
invented the thumbscrew, or the t)oot, or tin;
rack, or broke on the wheel, or exiled bands of
their nations for opinion's sake ; and ncxrr jiro-
leeled the lii'itKipoly of ii mcilleln(! iii.in by 'ho
jrallows. or the iilolk, or by lire. — II vscuoKr'K
lliHr., IS., vol. ;t, .h. -J-,'.'
i:|:it». CRUELTY to Crlminali. Ki^jhnul. \\n
b'):il] it was eiiacled that poisoidni; sliniild Ixt
deemed hii;h trea.Hon. vNJthout havin:; ;iii\ advan-
tage of c|i 11,'y, and llint , . . all future prisoners
should be boiled to death. . . . We have the fol-
lowln;; undoubted rei old tinder the thh'ccnth
.\ear of llciiry (V'lll.l ; "This year wa^* niiiii
sodden in a cauldron In Sinithtleld : and let up
and down divers times till he wasiliiid, for be
cause lie would ha\e poisoned divers ix'rsons. '
" This year I ir(;t2| was u cook boiled in ii caul-
dron In Smllhtleld, Im- he would \\\\\v polsoiieij
the nishop of Koclh 'er, I''isher, with diveisof
his servants ; and he v :is locked in a chain and
pulli'd up and down willi a^dbhel at divers limes
till he was dead." — KMtiiir'M Eno., V(jI. !2,
eh. 'Jl. p. :M(».
i:riO. CRUELTY for Cruelty. .V-//;,n- 17*-
pi'i-H. The popi! armed in support of his va.s.sal
Charles of Ai.joii. An eiiL'Mj-emeiil ensued, in
which Conradin and \\w Duke of Austria wens
totally defeated — they were taken prisoners and
condenuied as rebels against the sujireme author-
ity of the holy* liureli ; Charles ordered them to
sutTer death up<.n a scalTold. Thus this prlneii
.secured his claim to the klnpdom of N iples and
Sicily by a deed which filled his r u subjects
with" horror. They submitted, for u w liile, with
sileiil indi'iiatioii If) his tyrannical pivenimont.
The Sicilians at length, to w bom the authority
of this usurper became every dav more intoler-
Mo, formed ii conspiracy to vindicate tluMr lib-
ly which terminated in one of the m.isl dread-
;ul massacres ever known in history. In tho
year 12^2, upon Easter Sunday, at the viinjinij of
the luilfoi'VCKjH'rs, it was irsolved to put to death
every I'Venchman throiiiih the whi.le island of
Siiily, and the resolution was ])iuietually e.\ee\it-
ed. Even women and infants umlerwent the
general fiiti; ; and such was the savagt; fury of tho
Sicilians, that the priests assistwl in the murder
of their brethri'ii, and cut the throats e\. n of
their female penitents. — Tvf i.iiii's Ills p.. Hook
0, ch. 11.
I:MI. CRUELTY, Enjoyment of. nn UumnnH.
The IJructeii (it is Tacitus who leAv syeaks)
were totally exterminated l)y the neighboring
tribes, provoked by their insolence, allured by
the hopes of spoil, and pi'rhaps inspired by the
tutelar deiti(>s of the emiiin!. Abo\e (iO.OOt) bar- •
barians were destroyed ; not by the Homan arms,
but in our sight, and for our entirtainment.
May the nations, enemies of K<.me, ever i)ri'.serve
this eiiiiuty to each otlii r. "VVe h.ive now at-
tained the utmost verge of pros|)erii and have
nothing left to di'inand of fortune, < \cept the
discord of the barbarians. — (iuuioNs iJo.Mi;, < h.
1«.|«. CRUELTY, Exquisite. Ji.iKl'. [In the
beginning of the eleventh century the second
IJiisil came to the throne.) His cruelty inllicted a
cool and exquisite vengeance '>n IT), (JIM) [IJulga-
riaii] captives who had been uilty of the de-
fence of their country. They \. I le (Icjirived of
sight; but to one of each hundred a single eye
was left, that he might conduct, his blind centu-
ry to the presence of their king. Their king is
s'liil to ha\'e cN'iired ef gyjef and hnrrer; the
CIUKLTV
i(;i
nut/'^n wiiM liwi'd In lliis ii trihliM'Xm i|>li. — Cliii
iiiiN 1 |{(i\u,, ell. ."(,")
i:ii:i. CaUELTY, Femitle. Cmi Htn ii (i n ,i.
< 'oiiHtaiitiiia, llir wife (il ■■ illu<. ti Uoiniin ruler,
is (icsci'ilMMl, not IIS II w III, but as OIIC of ilic
liifi'niiil turifs torinciucil . itii an jnsntialc tliirst
of liiiiiiiiii l)looil. Iiistcaii "!' <'iii|il'>,vin!; liiT iii-
liui'iicf III jiisiiiiiul*' (lie iiilM ('oun,s('ls(it' |)ruil< tici;
uikI liiimaiu'y, sIic ' Mispcratcd the llrrcf puss iiis
of licr iiushiiiiil ; and as she ritiiihcil llii< vanity,
tll(iuu:ll •'111 IwkI ri'liouiiccil the ^Ttillcncss, ol licr
M'x. a |>rail iiicklact' was csiccnifil an ri|uival> nl
pi'ii'r I'lir llic iiiunliT of an iniioci'til, anil virtuous
nolili'inan. — (tiitiioNH Uomk, cIi. lit.
|;i,||. . Thioilorn. "rill' wife of II,
Uoinii; i.tii|ii'ror .lulian. | Tlif r< pi< >a('li of rruil
ly, >io npiiirniirit even to licr softer vIcch, has
left an inililihlc Httiin on llii! iiifinory of 'rin'o-
(lora. Her numerous s|)|isol>scrvc(l, anil zt alously
rcportcil, every iHtion or word or Inok injuri-
ous to tlieir royal niislress. Wlimnsoever tliey
aeeiised were east, into her peculiar prisons, in-
aecessilile to the ini|uiries of justice ; and it was
rumored that IIk; torture of the rack, orsconrice,
had In-cii inllieted in the presence of the liinale
tyrant, ins<'nsilile to the voice of prayer or of
jiity. SoiiK? of these imhappy victims perished
ill deep, unwholesonu! dunjreons, while others
were permitted, after the loss of their limhs,
their reason, or their fortunes, to appear in the
world, the livinj? monuments of her vi'iiKcance,
■which was cinimonly extended to the children
of those whom she had .suspected or injured.
The senator or liishop, whose death or e.vile
Theodora had pronounced, \>as dcdivered to a
trusty messen;(er, and his dili;;eiice was ipdck-
ciu'd liv 11 ineniice from her own mouth. "If
you fail in the execution of my commands, I
swear liy Him who liveth fon^ver, that your skin
.shall lie Hayed from your body." — (iIuhon's
IJo.Mic. (h. 41.
I a.lS. CRUELTY of Government, linn,, VflL
IAt the linii' ol the .second ri'bellion, in ITiHT,
lenrv wrote to his minister :| Our iileiusun is,
that iitfore you .shall clo.se up our .said baiim i
a,i;ain, you shall, in any wise, cause such dread
fill exe( iition to lie dont! upon a li'ood number of
the inhabitants of every town, villaire and ham-
let, that li.ave otTiindcd in this rebellion, as well
by the haiiiring them Uliin trees, as by the (piar
teriii;;of them, and th(! scltini,'iif I heir heads and
((uarters in every town, i^reat and small, and in
nil such other places, as they may be a fearful
spec'tacle to all others hereafter that would pract-
ti.se any like matter; which \\v rciiuire you to
do wiihoiii pity or rcspi'cl. — K.muut's E.no.,
vol. 2. ch. •?-), p. 4lt3.
|;M0. . John lluiranJ. He was
led to visit the hulk.s unchorcd in the Thames,
wherein were coiitined lar;;-e numbers of coiu ids
awaitinu: triinsiiortation. He told members of
the >.fo\i'rnmcnt what he saw there. ... He
went below, where he found larfjo numbers of
sick men Ivinij on the Uoor, with not so much as
>-traw unile ■ them, to whom were given only the
loathsome aiwl poi.sonous provisions which liad
cau.seii tlu'ir sickness. Ho was not surprised to
learn that one third of the convict.s die be-
fore leaving the country to beciin, the fultilment
of their sent(>nce ; and he told the government
that, unless the s\stem were changed, there
vvoiihl Ih' Jio need of tranxportiiiif priKonerM U)
llotany Uiiy, for they would all die in tlm
ThanieH. (t was ii hoiiM iiggruvitlioii of IIiIh iii-
fenial ( nielty tliat the joiii; detention on iMxird
! thos»>hulkH "froiii four toeiudit inonihs -did not
t expunge Ii <lay from the term ot their sentence ;
, it wiLs MO much lidded to tlieir jriral |uiuisliuu'nt.
— Cvci.ol'KKi V OK HhMi., J). ■>;}.
I I air. TRUELTY, An inherited. Srr<>. He
appeared in public a W ise and amiable prince ;
>et lit tilts very time it was Ids favorite itinuse-
Micnt to range throiiuii the Mireets if Konie with
1 a build of yoliny debauchees, \ ho itldillu:ed
I tli( luselves in every species of ouiriu'eand ills
order. Mi* natural disposition tjrsi piiblicly-
-howed itself in an indolent h trlect of all tho
I 111 ^ of government ; and his moiher. A|:rijipl-
I na, took advantage ol this di-positimi by ruling
I everylhiiiLr w- si |. chose Seiida wanu d his |iu-
pil of the dangiT of allowing frei 'our.se to tlio
I view s(d' Ibis ambit ions am I uiiprim ipled w<imaii,
and his first step wii.s to dismiss from the court,
her chief favorites and eoiillilanls. The violence
of Agrippina prompted her to seek an outrag( mm
reveni;e. She proposed to bring Uritannieus to
the pni'torian baml--, ami to acknowledge iKforo
tli( III tlu^ crimes i,c haii lommiltid to piaco
.Nero on the tliroiie. Tlieem|/i' r prevented tlui
execution of tliLs purpose by p. asoning Hritanni-
ciis, while he sat at supju'r with him.self ; but lin
sought against his mother a more refined vcii-
geance. She was invited !■ i Haia", to celebruto
lli(i f( list of Hacchus. The ship in which slio
sailed was constructetl in such ii uuinner us to
burst and fall to pieces at sea ; but the iniiehiii-
ery failed, and Agrippina came safe ashore. Ne-
ro, enraged at llu; disappointment of his strata-
gem, ordered one of his freedmen to uiysiuvsiuute
h<r. — Tvti,1';k's Hist., llook f), ch. 1.
1 JI^IW. CRUELTY, Inhuman. PloicaK the Tftrnnt.
After the [forced] abdication of (the(»reek Phn
peror] Maurice, tin; two factions disputed tho
choice of an emperor ; but thi^ favorite of tlu!
blues was rejected by the jealousy of their an-
tagonists. . . On \\w third day, amid tlni
iicclamations of a thought mss ]ieo|ile, I'hoca.s
made his j)ublic entry in ai iriot drawn by four
white licirse . the revolt of the troops was re-
warded by a lavish donative. . . . 'I'ln; minis-
ters of death were des])atclied to C'lialcedon ;
thev dragged the em]ieror from his .sanctuary ;
and the ti\i .sons of ^Maurice were successively
iMurdered before the oyi ■- of their ajioni/.ing par-
ent. At each stroke, which he felt in his lieart,
lie found strength to rehearse a pious ejacaila-
tioii : "Thou art just, <> Lord I and thy judg-
ments arc righteous." And such, in the last mo-
meiil . was ids rigid tittachmeiu lo truth and jus-
tice, ihat he revealed to tie soldiers the jiious
falsehood of a nurse who iircsented her own child
in the place of a ro\,il inf.mt. — (iiiiiioNs IJoMi-,,
j ch. 4fi.
I I;MJ». CFUELTY, Loveof. >.,/thi<n.s. In all
I their invasions of the civili/cd e!ni)ires of the
I South, the S<-vthian shejiliirds have been uiii-
fomily actuatcil by a .savage and destructive
spirit. The laws of war, that restrain the exer-
ci.se f'f national rapine and murder, are founded
on nvo jirincii^les of substantial interest, the
knowledge; of tin [termanent benefits which may
be obtained by a moderate use of coinjuest, and
■ i
'Ii
162
CUrKLTY.
A JuAt iipprclu'riMicin IcNt \\w ({•Huluiinti wliicli wv
intlict oil tliii ittu'tiiy'M coiiiili y iiiiiy Ih> rftuliutnl
on our own. Hut IIk'mi cuiisiilrrutlonM of lio|ii'
and ffur iiri! uIiiiomI iiiikiiowii in tint niiMtoritl Htulr
of imliiinM. . . . Aftrr lliit Md^iiIn hail nuImIiic-iI
till' iiortlicrn pniviiiccsof China, it wjim McrloiiMly
iiro|)o.>ti><l, not III till' liiiiirdr victory uiiil iiiinhIoii,
iiiit ill I'liliii, (IrlilH'rutt'Cduiicil, loi-xtcriiilimti'iill
till' iiiliiiliiliiiilM of tliiil populous coiintry, lliiil
tlio viii'tuit liiiitl iiili;lil lie coiivcrtiMl lo tli<- |iiin
turt' of ciiiilc. 'i'lic llriiincsK of u Cliiiicsc mmi
(lariii, who iiiHiiiuatcii sonic principles of raiioii
III policy into llic iiiinil of Ziniris, ilivcrtcil liiin
from the cxcrnlion of this horrid (lcHi>;ii. — (liii-
iioNH Komi;, ch. itt.
I. 'MO. CRUELTY, Maternal. Si„nl,iii. Crii-
city, too, a (|iiiiliiy cxlrciiidv opposite to heroic
virtue, WHS a stroiij; iiinredieiil in tlie Spartan
KVHteiiiof niannei's. i'aleriial or inaternal tin
ilerness Heenieil perfectly iinliiiown aiiiontr this
ferocious people. Newltoril cliilill'en were piili
licly iiiMpected liy tlie elders of eacli irilie ; and
HUcli as promised to lie of a weak and delicate
constitution were iininediately put to death liy
drowning'. At tin- festival of Diana cliildreii
were scourired, Noinetimes even to death, in tlie
]ires(i|i(e of their mothers, who exiiorled tlieiii,
iiieantiine, tosulTer every e.xtreniity of pain with-
out complaint or iniirmiir. It is no wonder lliat
Hiieli mothers .hIiouIiI receive, without einolion,
tin; intelli^reiice of tlie death of a son in the tleld
of battle ; hut is it |)ossilile to lielievc that on
mich occasions they should so farcon(|Uer nature
lis lo express a transport of joy V What jiidj;-
nient must wi; form of tlie Spartan notions of
■jiatrioiii virtue, wlieii, lo love their country, it
was thoii^dit necessary to subdue and extini,'iiish
the stroiiifest feelinifs of hiiiiianity, the tirst in-
stinct of nature V — 'i'vri.iMi's Ihsr., Hook 1,
ch. \).
1:I5I. CRUELTY, Merciless,
the battle ot Auslerlity | tin
<rowded on the fro/en lakes,
the table land of I'ratzen, mi \\\v side of tiie<(
hikes, saw the disaster which he had so well pie-
jiared. lie ordered Ihc battery of his j;uard to
tire round shot on the ice that was unbroken,
lo complete the destruction of tliosi; who had
taken refuse uiion tlu- frozen waters. The bat-
teries fireii on them till (iOOO were either killed
-Knioht'.s En(i., vol. 7, ch. 2.T,
/I'oiKi/nir/f. [At
llviii!; Kussiaiis
Napoleon, from
' drowned. -
4'M
1 352. CRUELTY, Monster of. T\<»niin Emper-
or Cit/if/iilii. rjion the death of his sister, ])ru-
silla, he iiunishcd some for mourning; for lier,
liecause they oujrht to have known she was a
piddi'ss ; and put to death others for not inourn-
iiiiT, because she was the sister of the emperor.
In addition to all this, (!alii;ula loaded the prov-
inces with the most excessive taxes; and siicli
was his avarice, that every day some of the citi-
zens fell a sacrifice in the contiscations of their
])roperty. It would only create distrust were we
to enter into any detail of the comjilicated and
injienious crueltie.s and the absurd e.xtravairances
of a madman — of the inidliplied insbuices of his
folly us well as of his dopravitv — his ridiculous
mock campaign.s — tlie temples lie erected in hon-
or of himself, where, in the character of his own
priest, he offered sacrifices to himself, .sfimetinies
as Jupiter and sometimes as Juno. One day he
chote lo he Mercury, Hie next he was nncchii*
or llerciilcM. At last, in Hie foiirlh year of hU
rei^n, lliis nil iinIit met with the fate wliicli lui
deserveii. and wiiM iiNHaMNlnaled by ('hirreiiM, a
Iribiine of the prii'loriaii iruards. fn llie twenty-
iiiiilli vear of his Hge. — Tvti.kii'm Hist., Diwik
r>, ch.'l.
|:|A:|. CRUELTY, Nktural. S,imu,lJ„ht>i>i>n.
.riiii.ssoN : " I'jiy is not iMitiiriil Ionian. Cliil-
dreii lire always cruet. .Savajfcsare alwavs cruel.
I'ity isMciiiiired and iinprovi'd by the cultivalioii
of reason. NVeiiiuv have uneasy sensations from
seeiiiic 'I creature III dislreHS, williollt pity ; for
we have not pity unless we wish to relieve Ihem.
When I am I' I my way lo iliiie witli a friend,
and, lliidim; it lute, liave bid the coiiihiiian iiiakii
liasie, if I bM|v|ien to attend when he whips IiIm
horses, I niav lei I unpleasantly thai the animals
are put lo paiii, but 1 do not wisli him to desist.
No, sir, I wish him to drive on." — H'»hwki,i,'k
.lollNSO.N, p. 121.
l:i>1l. CRUELTY a Faiilon. ('■>iiniio,hiM. Tho
Kmperor Coiiiinodiis was not, as he has been
represented, a ti^'cr born willi iin insatiate thirst
of liiiman blood, and capable, from his infancy,
of the most inhuman actions. Nature had formeil
him of a weak rather than a wicked disposition.
Ills simplicity and timidity rendered him thn
slave of his atteiidiiiits, who j,'radiially corrupted
his mind, His en 'Ity, wliicli at (list obeyed tho
dictates of others, degenerated into habit, and at
leiiirth became the ruling; piission of his soul. [Ho
was made ruler of Homo .\.|). IMO. |— tJiiiuo.N'H
ItoMh, ch. 4.
l;iA5. CRUELTY, Pleasure in. \ rurins Qin'n-
tins h'liiidiiiiiiiiK] had a favorite boy whom he car-
ried with him, even when he commanded armies
and ptverned |)rovinces. One day as they wero
drinkiiiir, the boy, niakinir his court to Lucius,
said : " I love you .so tenderly, that, lueferrinj?
your satisfaction to my own, I lef' a show of
LTladiators to come lo you, tlioii;j;li I have never
seen a m.in killed." Lucius, deliuhted with tho
Ihittcry. made answer : " If that be all you need
not be in the least uneasy, for I shall soon siilis-
fy your lonn'inj,'." He iininediately ordered ii
convict to be brought from the prison, and hav-
ing sent for (uie of his lictors, commanded him
to strike oir the man's head in the room wliero
the^'wereciiroiisinir. — Pi.r'r.\Hcii'sFi,.\.MiNiNL'8.
135«. CRUELTY to Prisoners. lU.nk- llolr. [In
IT")!) Surajah Dowlali, the nabob of IJeniral, at-
tacked the Hritish factory at Calcutta. After two
daj's' hombardment tlie i'orl surrendered, havin;^
\\\v jiromi.se Hint their lives would be spared.]
There were one hundred and forty-tive men
and one woman of this devoted comiiany. They
were to be secured for the iiiyht in the (lun;reoii
of the fort. Into that den eijrhteen feet by four-
teen, w itii two small windows, wen; these ono
hundred and forty-six adults forced by the fero-
cious ;;uard that the tyrant had .set over them ;
and the door was closed. Of that nifrht of hor-
ror, the relation <j;iven by .Mr. Holwell fone of
the prisoners] is one of the most ])owertul nar-
ratives of the extremity of suffering which was
ever iienned. The expedient of the prisoners to
obtain more room iind air, some sittinir down,
never to rise asain, through their comi)anion3
fallini,' upon them ; the calling out to the guard
to tire and relieve them from their misery ; the
C'HIELTY,
1U3
rnnln><lliir«t ;nni(|(t|irium ;tlic'Nfu|H'fii(llon ; th««
tnikiiy (iiMui trnmpli'd ii|miii liy tlit> (vw living —
tlicH<> ar(! li<<rn)rN witlioiit u |)iiritll<'l in liiftitry or
Hf lion. — Knkiiit'h Emi., vol. (I, cli. 14, p. Jj'JiJ.
I<IA7. CBUXLTT in Puniihmant. Anilniiiifiiit.
(After HI) iiiiNiicci'Nhl'iil utlcMipt to cMrupt' froni
tli>< fury of liisNiiltJccIs, AiidroiiicuH, tlic Uonnin
t'luporor unit lyriiiit,] wiih druxK*'*! '<> Hi*' priM
i'iu-<i<if Ihhiic AnK<'iiiH, oin- of liis victiniM, (ond
I'd M'.th ft'ttiTs, Mild II lon^cliuiii round hU iicck,
IIIh floipK'iicc, mid llic InirM of his fciiuilc cotii
piiiLioiiH, picudi'd ill vain for Ids life ; iiul, InHtcad
of Jli(( dccrtu'li's of a ic^fal cxci'iidon, llir new
niiMiarrli uhaiidont'd the criiniiial to tlic niinirr
oUH. MulTfrcrs whom lie liud deprived of a fa-
tlii-r, II liusliand, or ii friend. His teeili and hair,
an eye and a hand, were torn from liim, as a
poor eompensalion for their loss ; and a short,
respite was allowed, tliat he niivdit feel llie hit
teriiess of death. Astride on a eamel, without
iiiy danpT of a rescue, he was carried llirou^di
ili(!<'ily, and llie liasest, of the populace rejoiced
to trample on the fallen majesty of tlieir prince.
After II thousand hlows and owtraKes Androni-
cUM was hun^t liy the feet, lietwe<'n two pillars
tliat supported the statues of a wolf and a sow ;
and every hand that could reach the public ene-
my intlicted on his liody .some mark ol ingenious
or Itrutal cruelty, till two friendly or furious
Italian.s, plunyinj; their swords into his hody, re-
leased him from all human punishment. In thi.s
loni; and painful a),'ony, " Lord, have mercy
upon me !" and " Why will you lirulse a liroken
reed V" were the only words that. eseape(l from
his mouth. Our hatred for the tyrant is lost in
l)ity for the man. — (Jiiiiion's Ho.mk, eh. -IH.
I riAOI. CRUELTY, Reaction of. A'-/v/.v. [Taci
tiis says) various forms of mockery were add-
ed to cidmnce their dyini; aironies. Covered
with the wkiiiH of wild lieasis I (he Clirisliansj
. . . were doomed (o die liy the manjrlin;^ of
(lof.'M, or by heinj^ naile(l to crosses, or to he .set
on lire 1111(1 burnt after twiliu'lit by way of inj:ht-
Iv illumination. Nero otfered his own pirdens
for this show. . . . Hence, fruilty as the vic-
tims were [they were eliari;ed with hatred tow-
ard maidiindl, and deservini; the worst of pun-
ishments, a feelinu; of compassion toward them
beiran to rise, as men felt they were immolated,
not for any advantaifc to the eoinmonwealth,
but to frlut th(' .sava<,fery of a single man. — F.\it-
ii.Mi's E.VKi.v Days, p. ;!().
1 SiSO. CRUELTY, Refined, dnrk ' Kinpt ror's
Pi VKrciiiion. [("onstantinc Sylvanus, the leader
of a (rnostic sect, fell a victim t<i Uoman perse-
cution at the hands of a minister named Simeon. ]
I5y a refinement of cruelly Simeon jilaced the
unfortunate Syivanus befor(! a line of his dis-
fijiles, who were commanded, as tlie i)rice of
their pardon and th(^ proof of their rei)entanc(',
to massacre their spiritual fatliiT. They turiuMl
aside frran tln^ impious oHiee ; the stone.s dropped
from their tilial hands, and of the whole num-
ber only one e.xccutioner could be found, a new
David, as lie is .styled by the Calholies, wlio
boldly ()V(!rthr(!w the ffiant of heresy. This apos-
tate (.lustus was Ids name) apiin deceived and
betrayed his iinsuspecling brethren, — Gibbon's
Home, oh. 54.
1360. CRUELTY, ReligiouB. Crumiks. [In
1191, after the surrender of Acre to the Crusa
diTN,) Kin^ Hiehanl. iiMpirin^ to deMtniy llio
TurkN, root and branch, . . . and to vindicate tiio
Christian reli>;ion, on tlie Friday after tiie Ah
sumption of the MlcNsed Virgin Mary ordered
tweiilv seven hundred of the Purkish hoNtiiLCes
to be led fortii from the city and hanj^ed. Tho
soldiers marehrd forth with deli^dit to fulMl his
coinmands. — K.MoiiTs K.No,, vol. 1, eh. iJl,
p. 'M'i.
1301. ORUILTT, Btmorie from. Cl-itmrf.
(One of the earlv kings of Krunce wasi embli-
tered by a rebellfon stirred up by one of Ids own
sons, whom heat leiiu'th took prisoner, and con-
demned, together with his wife and daughters,
(o be burned alive. This horrible tragedy look
jilace ill .'ifXt, and the wretched Clotaire expired
precisely a year afterward, a prey to (he deepest
remorse".— STfDK.NTs' Fu.v.Nt K, eh. 4, ^ 'i.
I'MVi. CRUELTY, Royal, CouHt.intinr V. His
reign was a long butchery of whatever was most
noble or holy or innocent in his empire, lit
person the emperor assisled at the execution
of his victims, surveyed Mieir agonies, listened
to their groans, and indulged, wi'lioiit satiating,
his appetite for blood ; a plale of noses was ac-
cepted as a grateful otferiiig, and his domestic.*
were often seourgi'd or mulihiled by the royal
hand, (iiihion'm Uomk, ch. IM.
I :i«:i. CRUELTY, Sectarian, (/mk r/nnr/i.
During the reign (of .Manuel (and that of liissiu;'
eessor, Alexius, they (the l{oiiians[ were exposed
at Conslanlinoiile to tlu! reproach of foreigners,
heretics, and favorites ; and this triple guilt was
.severely expiated in the tumult whicli announc-
ed the return and elevation of An<ironicus.
The people rose in arms ; from the Asiatic
shore the lyiant despatched his troops and gal-
leys to assist the national revenge ; and tlio
hopeless resi.'.anci' of the strangers served only
to justify tlie rage and sharpen the daggers of
the assassins. Neither age nor sex nor Ilio
ties of frieiidsliip or kindred could save tho
victims of national hatred and avarice and re-
ligious zeal ; the Latins were slaughtered in their
houses and in tli(! streets ; their ipiarter was re-
duced to ashes ; the clergy were burnt in their
ehurclies, and the sick in tlieir hospitals ; and
some estimate may be formed of the slain from
the clemency which sold above four thousand
Christians in perpetual slavery to the Turks.
Tlu! jiriests and monks were tlie loudest and
most active in the destruction of the schismatics ;
and they chanted a thanksgiving to the Lord
when the head of a Homan cardinal, the pope's
legate, was severed from Ids body-, fastened to
the tail of a dog, and dragged, with savage
mockerv, through the city. — Oiiibo.n's Ho.mk,
ch. (iO. ■■
130^1, CRUELTY, Shameful. .InmiK H. [The
Duke of Monmouth's rebellion had been crushed,
and his adherents were condemned to death.]
So many dead bodies were (|Uiirtere<l that the
executioner stood ankle deep in blood. He wius
assisted by a poor«man whose loyalty was su.s-
pected, and who was compelled to ran.som his
own life by seething the remains of his friends
in pitch. The pea.sant who had con.sented to
perform tins hideous oflice afterward returned to
iiis plough. But a mark like that of Cain was
upon him. He was known through his village by
;
1G4
(ItrHLTV.
thfi liorrihio niiiiK; of Tom Hoilnmn. — Mv ai-
i.ay'h En(1., ell. 5.
i:t<t5. CRUELTY of Slavery. I.iirnl,viii<ii,iiii,n.
Tlu! Helots were a iiciiililioritii; (icoplc ol' I'clnp-
oTincsus, wlioiii tlicy iijid siilxliifd in war mid
reduced to ^ervittide, 'I'liey were iniiiierous, and
liad at tllll(^s atleiii]ited to sliaUe olF tlieir yoUe :
wIk'Hcc it was judi^ed a iieeessiiry iioliey to
curl), to iiiliinidaie, and to weaken "tlieni hy Ww.
iii(;.sl siiiickliiir ii.liuiiiaidty. It w ''^ not allow-
able to sell or to exjunt, lliein ; hut tl \ outli were
cucouran- (I to i)Ul, tlieiu to death lor ]>astiine.
Thev went I'ortli to Ihe Ih'ld to hunt them like
ivil(l h-'asts ; and when at any time it was ai)i)re-
lieiided lliid tho>e uidiapjjy wretches had he-
cc/ine so numerous as to eii(iaii;;er the Stale, the
rvjipiiit, or v/Y'/v/ (ifi — viz., a ^a-neral massacre in
the niii'lil— was ordained hy law. — 'rvri.i.it's
IIisT., H(.ok 1, ch. !).
1 !J<M;. cruelty taught. S ,, ,i v t n „ x. The
^f()v<'rnois of the youlli ordered Ihe shrewdest of
(heiu from time lo time to disperse themsehcs
ill the country jjrovided oidy with dairi^ers and
some necessary jjrovisions. In IIk! day-time
they hid Ihemselvis, and rested in the most, i)ri
vale places they could find ; hut at ni,i,dit they
.sallied out into the roads, and killed all the /A-
li)tn they could meet with. Xay. sometimes hy
(hiy they fi'll u|)on them in the (' Ids, and nuir
dtved the ablest and stroiiii'esl of them. [L.\N(i-
iioiiNKs NoTi;.] These ,>i)or wretches were
marked out for slaves in their dress, tlieir
gesture, and, in short, in everythinir. They
wore doeskin lionnet.s and .siu'ei)skin vests ;
tliey Were forbidden to Ici'M' any litieral art,
or to perform any act worthy of their mas-
ters. Once a day they received a certain num-
ber of siriix's, 'for i'ear they .shoidd forijret
ihey were slaves ; and, to crown all, they
were liable to this cri/jdiii, which was sure lo be
executed on all su( has spoke, looked, or walkecl
like freemen ; a cruel and luuiece.ssary e.xpedi-
«'nt, and unworthy of a \irtuous people. —
1*i,i;t.\i{( lis liViiiuiL's.
I ;i6r. CRUELTY, Tirrible. 7'/ii)o>n: [ f.eav-
m<^ his main army at Dam.ascus, Timour] cross-
ed the desert of fortv days' jouriicy, with a se-
lect delachmeiil, anil ran to besicii'e JJaudad, a
third time revilted. His venire.ance was this
time unpilyinu^ The 100, (lOO T:irt;irs whom
lie led lo the sieixe of Hai^dad received orders to
liring him, each of them, the head of an insur-
gent. All perished, from the a^-^eof eiuhl lolhat
of ein'lily ycius, in Ija^^lad. Hut he once more
.saved ihe men of letters, the artists, the skilled
mechanics, the priests, the poets, the historians —
all those who uive intelliirciice and immortality
lo the human s[)ccies. — I., '.M.vu'ri.M'.'s Ti iu<i;v,
p. It,'.*).
i;jttW. . TiiiKiiir tl(e 'I'livtiir. [Ti-
mour besit'ired Siwas, thi^ most o])uient city of
A.siatic Greece, which ca|iitulate(l after receiv
ii'H tlu^ iiromise that life should be s'.)ared,]
Hut scar( cly entered into Siwas, he inundate(l
it with the blood of its defenders. \Vliether anucr
or policy, his ferocity maiU; tlie East sluidcier.
Four thousand Ottomans were buried alive to tlie
neck, and thus awaited tlu; end of their life and
of their torture — a spectacit! worthy of the bru-
tality of Tartars, and which the ferocious ani-
mals do not exhibit in their mutual cariiage.
The Christians, cast by couples into trenches
covere(| with boards, and surcharged afterward
with earth, prolonged for unknown days their
subterraneous agony under the tents of the; Tar-
tars, who heard tlieir moaiiings. TIk! brave
wer(^ massacred, that the ( oiitagioii of their
courage might not gain ujioii the (^owardly ;
the cowards died through theiiM owardice, which
I'l'iKiered them unwoilliy to live. Hveiy pretext
was good to consign to death. Timour caused
to b(' immolated even the unfortunate lepers <d"
: the hospital of Siwas, lest their infirmity might
I be communicated to his Tartars, among whom
j it was unknown. With the e.\(( ptioii of the
! male children lit for slavery, and Ihe young
girlslit for Ihe harems, the entire popul.ation was
I destroyed. -L.\.M.\iniM;'s TiiiKKV, p. lil!).
i;i«{>. CRUELTY, Undetested. h'omon. Scno-
I'ir.s. In Ihe hearing of thai same Senate in .v. I). 5!),
not long before St. I'aul wrote hi:-' letter to Phil-
emon, ('. Cas-ius Longinus had giavely argued
i that the only secui'ily for the life of masters wa.s
I to jml inl '"execulidn Ihe .sanguinary Silaiiiau
: law, which enacted that, if a master was imir-
I dered, eveiy one of his slaves, liowever miiuer-
i ous, however notoriously innocent, should be in-
discriminately massacred. Jt was tlu^ .senator.s of
Home who tln'onged forth to meet with adoring
congratulalions the miserable youth who came to
them with his hands reeking with the blood of
matricide. They olVered thanksgiving;; to thi;
gods for his worst cruelties, and obediently vot-
ed Divine honors to Ihe dead infant, four
months old, of the wife whom lie afterward
killed with a brcal kick. — F.vku.su's Eaiu-V
I).\Ys, p. 17.
i:jrO. CRUilLTY, A Victor's. h'ommi Fni-
IM-ror (IdlliciniK. There is still extant a most
savage mandati; from [the Empi.'rorJ Gallienus
to one of his ministers, after tlu^ suf>i)ression of
Iiigenuus, who had assumed the j'uride in Illyr-
icum. " It is not enough," says that .soft but
inhuman ])rince, " that you exterminate such as
havi^ apjieared in arms ; the chance of battle
might have .served nie as elTectually. The
male .sex of every age nnist lie e.xtiri)aled, pro-
vidt'd that, in the execution of the chiklren and
old men, you Ciin contrive means to .save our
reputation. Let every one die who has dropiM'd
an expression, who has entertained a thought
against iik — agjiinst me, the son of \'alerian, the
father and brother of so many jirinces. llemem-
ber that Ingenuus was made enip<'ror ; tear,
kill, hew in iiieces. I write lo yiai with my
own hand, and would inspire you w illi my own
feelings." — (JiiiiioN's Komi;, ch. 10.
1;J7I. CRUELTY of War. 'I'imnHV 'I'imour
|llie Tart.ar] was ,satisli<'d with the sieg,' .•md de-
struction of Siwas or Sebaste, a strong city o'l
the borders of Anatolia ; and he rc\-enged the
indiscretion of the Olloman on a garrison of
4000 Armenians, who were buried alive btr the
bnive and faithful discharge of their duty. —
(iiiuio.Ns Ko.Mi;, ch. 4:i.
i:t72. . C'l'Mir. Anxious deliatc.s
were held among Ihe lieleaguered chiefs [(Jauls
in Alesia]. The faint-hearted wished to surren-
der before they were starved. Others were in
favor of a desi)er;ite elTort to cut their way
through or die. One speech C'csar preserves
for its remarkable and frightful ferocity. A
CULKLTV— (1 KKS.
1G5
l)rinc(' of AiiviTf^iie said that llio Romans coii-
(lucrcil to ciisliiNc and heat down t lie laws and
lihcrtics of free nations iiiulcr tlic liclors' axes,
and lie proposed tiiat. sooner tlian yield, liiey
slionld kill and eat tliose who were useless for
til;htinJ,^ Vei-einifetorix was of iiolile natni'e.
To prevent the ailoplion of so horrilile an expe-
dient, he ordered the iieaeefwl inhaliilanis, widi
their wives i eiiildreii, t() lea\(' the town.
Cii'sar forliade Ihern to ]>ass his lines, (Ynel —
lait war is cruel ; and where a irarrison is lo he
rediieed liy famine the laws of it are ine\oi-
able. — Fuoidk's ('.KSMt. eh, 1!(.
i:i7:i. CRUELTY to Woman. Clota/rr.
|Hrunehawt, C^iieeii of Austrasia, fell into the
hands of the K'lwj; of Neustria, whose name
was| Clotaire. 1I(! overwhelmeil ln-r with a
torrent of reproaches, abandoned her for three
days to every kind of torture and indiu:nity,
and then caused her to be fastened to the tail
of ii wild horse, .so that th'j wretched (jueen's
body was drair^^ed, torn, and trami)led into
fra>i;menls. 'I'ln; remains were collected, and
the ashes scattered to the vinds. — SriDKN'rs'
Fkv\( K, eh. 4, s- 5.
1374. CRUELTY in Worship. Aiic!iiitl)r>ii<lx.
In these t^raves [of Kni,dand|. and upon these
altars, the Druids olTcri'd sacrifices of viirious
kinds, the most acceplable of whif'h were human
victims. This was not to be wondered at, con-
siderin;^ that it was llu ir opinion that the Su-
jii'eme Deity placed his chief deli,s,'ht. in blood
and slauirhter. . . . Every ninth month there
■was a sacrifice oll'ered up to the i^ods of nine
hninan victims; and in the first month of every
innth year \\asheld an cxlraoi'dinary solemnity,
which was marked with dread'' d slaiii,diter. —
TvTi, Kit's 1 1 1ST., Book .T, ch. G.
l^r.!. CRUSADERS, Numerous. Si.v .V/Hioiix.
We depend not on the eyes or knowledtre, but on
the belief and fancy, of a ( hai)lain of Count liald-
win, in the estimate of six hundred thousand pil-
jrrims able lo bear arms, besides the i)ri( sis and
moid<s, the women and children of the I-!itin
<"imp. The reader starts ; arid before he is recov-
V rod from Ids surprise, I sh.all add, on the saiiu^
testimony, that if a! who took the cross had ac-
comiilished their vo\v,al)ove six ndllions would
liave nuu'rated from Euroi)e to Asia, ("nder this
o]il)ression of faith, 1 derive some relief from a
more sa,i:;.icious and thinkini^ writer, who, after
the same review of the cavalry, ai'cuses the ci'edu-
lity of the jiricst of Chartres, and even doubts
whether the f'/'mifp/'nc reii'ions (in the !rcoirrai)hy
of a Frenchman) were sullicienl to produce and
])()ur forth such incredible multitudes. Tlie
coolest scepticism will remendier, that of tlu'se
reliilious volunteiTs irreat nund)ers never belu'ld
Constantinople and Nice. Of enthusiasm the in-
fluence is irrcirular and transient ; many were
detained at home b}' reas(ai or cowardice, by
l>overiy or weakness ; and many were repulsed
by the obstacles of the way, the more insu]ierable
as they were unforeseen, to these ignorant fa-
natics." — Gmnoi.'s RoMi;, ch. ,')8.
I'lrO. CRUSADES, Origin of. Fck-r the Ucniiit.
Aboiit twenty years after the; conquest of Jeru-
salem by the Turks, the holy seindchre was
visited l)y a hermit by the name of Peter, a native
of Amiens, in the province of Picardy in France.
His resentment and sympathy were excited by
liis own injuries and the oppression of the Cliris-
tian name ; \w miiiL'^led his tears with ll.o.st; of
liie ]>atriarch, and earnestly inipdred if n.) hopes
of relief could be cnterl.ained from the (Jreek em-
])erors of the j-last. The p.atriarch exposed the
vices and \v<'.Mknessof the successors of Constan-
tine. •■ I will rouse," exclaimed the herndt,
" the martial nations of Kuroiie in your cause ;"
and I^urope was obedient to the call of the her-
ndt. — (Jiiiikin'h RoMi:, ch. aS.
I!177. CULTURE, Improvement by. dmiKiiii/.
The clirnate of ancient (Jermany has been molli-
(ieil, and tlu! soil ferlili/.eil, liy the labor of ten
centuries fr(.m the time of Charlemagne. The
same extent of ^n'ound which at present main-
tidns, in ease and i)lenty, a ndllion of husband-
men and artiticers, was unable to supjily a hun-
dred thousiind lazy warriors with thesiiuple nec-
essaries of lif('. — (iiiutoN'H Ito.Mi;, ( h. !».
III7S. CURE, Imaginary. }f(ili(iiinii(ihiiis. On
his back he hid a round, lleshy tumor of thesize
of a |)igeon's eirg ; its furrowed surface was cov-
'■red with hair, and its base was surrounded by
black moles. 'I'his was considered as the .seal of
his prophi'tic mission, at least durimj the latter
jtart of his career, l)y his followers, who wen; .so
devout that tliey found a cure for their ailings
in driMkini!^ the watr r in which he liad bathed ;
and it must, have been very refrcshini;', for lu;
IH'rspired i)rofusely, and his skin exhaled a
stront; smell." — Si'Ki;.N(iKn'rt I^ikk ok .Moiiam-
.Mi;i), ]). H4.
i:i7». CURE, Superstitious. Ktn'fx J-^ril. [Dr.
Samuel b)hnson was alllicted with scrofula in
his childhood, which disfigured his countenance,
injurt'd his visual nerves, and destroyed the sight
of one (!ye.] It ha.s been said that he contracted
this grievous nialiuly from his nurse. His moth-
er, ^ ielding to the su]ierstitious notion, which,
it is wo-'' Tf d to think, i)revailed so long in
this com iry, as tf) the virtue of the regal toucli
— a notion which our kings encouraged, .and to
which a man of such iiKpiiry and such jud.LCincnt
as Carte ciaild give credit — carried him U\ FiOn-
don, where he was a< iually toucheil by t^ueei'
Anne. — HoswKi.l.'s .loiiNsoN, p. (J.
i;iNO. CURES fanciful. W,akii<si>. gucei-
Anne revived tir,' ci'i'einony of touching for the
king's evil, by which all Kngli'^li monarchs, from
the time of Edward the Confessoi', whether
saints or sinners, hail asserted the miraculous
power of the wciuer of the "golden rigol."
NN'illiam III. was jirofane enough not to believe
in this power. William was once jiri'vailed upon
to touch for the malady which kin^'^ could cure,
and he said to the patient th.-il he prayed (Jod to
heal him .'iiid grant him moi'e wisdom at the;
same time. — Kmoiit's I^no.. vol. ."i, ch. 17, p.
I ;SS I. CURES, Fraudulent, Kiii;fn Kril. An
old man who w. as a witness m a case described
how the good (^ueen [Anne| had touched him
when a child | for the cure of the king's evil |. lie
was a.sked whether he was really cured, uiion
which he answered, with a signiticant smile, that
he believed himself nevt'r to have hail a com-
plaint that deserved to be considered as the
Evil, but that his ])arents were ]ioor, and had no
objection to the bit of gold —the angel of gold—
with the impress of St. Michael, which was hung
f
t' •
; k;
■I ■!
i
106
CURIOSITIES— DANGKH.
I
iibout the iiatictit's i.cck. — IvNidirr's Eno., vol.
n, eh. 17, [). 2::l.
1 ««a. CURIOSITIES, Indifference to. drnmi/
(Ifiliil. |.Vl Nuiilcs| he (I'lnhcd to the ensile of
Sun .Mai'liii, now a luiistiiiii. , . . 'I'liev spent
nearly an hour in exaniinini; the emiosities, in
wiiieli .Mrs. (Jrani s, enieii to take more interest
than tile (Jeneial. . . . When the u'uide sho'Acd
him tile jiorlrait of ihe man wiio i,''ave the colh'e-
tion to Naples, iu' dryly remarked, in iMiLrlish ;
" Well, if I had a museum like tlii-!, I would iiive
it to Xiijiles, oranylindy who \vo,dd lake it." —
Tit.\vi;i,s <)!•■ (}i;m;i!.\i. (}i(A.Nr, p. !»").
i;W:i. CURIOSITY, Destractlve. h'mpninr/,.,.
[A Fytl;Mii^{)reaii| . . . who attained eonsiderahli
emineiu'i in |>hysi(al seieiiee, and who is said to
liave thrown himself into the crater of ]\Ioimt
lOtna, either from the desire of e.xplorini; the
cause of its eruptions, or of jn'opau-atinij the lie-
jief that the liods had cau.u'ht him up in lieaven ;
it is ii wiser tmd more charitahle sup|)osition,
lliat he owed jiis death to a laudalile hut rash cu-
riosity. — TYTi,i:it's Hist., Book 2, ch. !).
i;j§l. CUEKENCYiu Salt, fi, Luxxiiiin . In
A(hil, a country in Africa liorderim; tlie I{ed Sea,
there is a lar;..''e plain, 'ailed llarko; it is covered
with salt three fe(.'t thick, whicli is not onlynse^'
for culinary jiurposes hut in Aliyssiida as ciu-
rcncy. — A.mkhk an Cvc i.uI'KUIa, " Adai,."
i;j«5. CUSTOM, Reign of. " /)w/vV/." At the
bridewell, in [iiverpool, Howard f(Jiuid a siiiiru
lar custom ])revailinLr. Every Aonian. on iier
adnnssioii to the jail, "was hrouirlit into the bath-
room clad only in a tlannt'l chi'inise, and jiiaced
in a chair with her back to the balh-tid). This
chair turned on a hin/re, and when the sii,qi;d
wa.s ^iveii it was turned over, and lie w(Hnaii
with it, who went backward into the water over
head .and cars. This operation was repeated
three times, when the woman was considered
initiated. [.lolinj Iloward iiKpiired Avby tl ■■
men were not subjected to this ihifkin;; ; but he
could only learn tiiat such was not the custom
at Livcri)0()l. — (,'v(i.(H'KI)ia ok Hioo. p. 6i.
l:t§6. DANCING, Cerem.inious. Indinn.
Thou^di u^eneially seilale in manne'".^ and scrii is
ill behavior, the He(| men at times irave tli'in-
selves u|) fo merry-makiiiir and liila'ity. we
dane was universal — not the social dance of ( iv
ilized nations, liut tln' d.incc of ceremony, of re-
liirion, and of war. Sometimes the wairiors
danced alone, lait i're(|ueiilly the women joined
in the wild exercise, circliim around and around,
cliriiitiii!; the weird, monotonous songs of the
tribes.— Hini'ATii's U. S.,cli. 1, p. -1!).
l.iwr. DANCING, Delight in. Si.vt.riith re-
turn. [\\\\\\ the peo|ile, hiiih and low, it was a
fa\orite amusement.] I'poii die rushes of the
torcli-li.irlile<l hall tiie courticr.s d.anced their
,i,n'.'ive measures and corantocs to the airs of
(.^iieen Eli/.abeth's " Viririnal Book;" and 'he
|iea-int youths .and maidens, on the villaire irreen,
Haw the sun irn down, as tlie_\ lvii)]H'(l " the come-
Iv counir\' round." — IvNUiin's E.NC, vol. :', cli.
16, p. 2."i(i.
i;i§!!*. DANCING, Mystic, West Indiana. The
tlanoes to which the natives seemed s) iininod-
eratclv addicted, and which had lieen at first
conslclered by tlie Spaniards mere idle pastimes.
were found to lie oft(,'n ceremonials of a serio.is
and mystic character. They form, indeed, a siii-
i,nil;irand im]i(irtant feature thr(>iif;liout the cus-
toms of the aboriirinals of tlie New World. In
these are typitieij, by signs well understood by
the initiated, and, as it were, by hieroglyphic ac-
tion, their historical events, their jirojected en-
terjirises, their hunting, their ambuscades, and
their liattles, resembling in some res|)ectH the
Pyrrhic dances of the ancients. — H{Vi.N(/.s Co-
i.i Mius, Book (i, ch. 10.
1 3ift. DANCING, Opposed to. I'nrihnis. (In
1~)!»;>] the I'uritaiis denounced all dancing in
mi.xed companies of the .sexes. The dancing
schools, which tli( 11 aliounded, were, they said,
for teachimj; " the noble science of heathon dev-
illrv." Tliey held that "men by themselves,
anif women by themselves ' might dance without
sin, " to re( real( the mind oppressed with some
i.'-reat toil iuid labor," — K.NKiiir's Eno., vol. H,
ch. Hi, p. 2.')().
IJIOO. DANGER, Contempt for. W/I!i,nu the
Rid. [The son of William I., the ( 'oiKpieror.]
No.niandy had been jdedged to him by hi.s
broth-r liobert in exchange for a sum which
enabled the '•ike to march in the first Cru.sade
for the delivery of the Holy Eand, and a rebel-
lion at Ee Mans was subdued by the fierce ener-
gy with which William thing himself at the
news of it into the first bo.a' li<' found, and cro.s.sed
the Channel in face of a storm. " Kings never
drown," he replied, contemiituously, to the re-
monsfrjiiK'ei of his followers. — Hi.st. of Eno.
Pi:()I'I.K, ; ft),
1391. DANGER, Needless. .Umivnl Xd.wii.
|I/ird Nelson, the greatest of BriMsli admirals,
ivore a bright unii'orm, and on the left breast
of his coal were four embroidered stars, the em-
b'"n>s (>f the orders with which he wa;: invested.
When he was aliout to attack the French and
Spanish fleets off Caiie Trafalgar,] lie was im-
])l()red to jiut on ii jilainer dress, for there wens
ritle-men iimong the 4000 troojis on lioard the
I reiicli and Sjianish shiiis. No; what he had
won he wouhl wear. On the deck he stood, a
mark for the enemy — one whose life was worth
al(,i:ion. There was a carelessness about h's
own safety that day which was chivalrous, how-
e.er iinwise. . . . He w as sli(>t from the mizzon-
top (jf the Redoubtable, which he .supposed
had struck. " They iiave done for me at last,"
he said, "my b.ackbone is shot through." —
Knkwit's ]]n(;., vol. 7, ch. 2.'), ]). 4-liS.
]S{!>2. DANGER, Unconsciousness of. Mrj/h/sfon.
Once ujion a time a London exquisite descended
intcj a coal mine on a voyage of ex|)loration and
discovery; he s;iw everythinn- — Davy lamps,
blind horses, trucks of coal rolling along siibter-
ninean tnimways. Seated on ac.isk to rest him-
self, he proceeded to ([uesiion the swart hj' miner,
who was his conductor, coiicerning many things,
and esiiecially about the operation of blasting.
" And where.ibouts, niv man," condes juviingly
said he-—" whereabouts do you keep your i)ow'-
der V ' "Please, sir," replied the swart one,
" you're a-sittin' on it !" Charles was in a worhl
to him ;\11 dark and subterranean, and sitting on
a ]iowder-iuine. of the existence of which he
had no knowleilge. allliough it Wiis beneath his
throne. — Hood's Ciuj.mwki.i,, ch. 4, p. Si).
DARKNESS— DEATH.
o<
i:i03. DARKNESS a Convenience, ('"lumhiiit.
[On his third voyiii^e in tiic West Indios,] uot-
witliHtiindiiij; their superstitions I'liricies, the sea-
men were ^'IikI Id use a part of tliese siiarivs for
food, heing very short of provisions. Tlie iengtii
of the voyage liud con^iirned the greater part of
their .sea stores ; tlie hen and humidity of tlie
climate and the leai^age of Hie siiips liad dam-
aged tlie remainder , ;uid tlicir l)iseiiil was so till-
<'(1 witii worms tiiat, notwitiistanding tlieir hun-
ger, tiiey were ohliu'ed to eat in Die dark, lest
tiieir stoniaelis should revolt at its a]>l)earanee.
— Iiivi.Nc's (;(>!, iM[i( .-, J{of)k 14, eh 0.
139-1. DARKNESS feared. /// /lij/ In,,'. In
107!) the I.ondoners were frightened, as if it
were a terrible omen, hya great darkness in I. on
don on a Sunday morning, "so that the ])eo|ilc
in eliureh could not ^ec to read in their I5ihles." —
Kniuut's EN(i., vol. 4, ch. :.M, ji ;i41.
1395. D.« YS, Inauspicious. ]U,i,-k l)„,j. As
Lueullus was going to pass the riv( r to light 'I'i-
grancH tlie tyrant, some of his ollicers admon-
ished liim to lieware of that day, which liad been
1111 inauspicious, or (as they called il) a black
one to the Itomans. For on that day Ca'pio's
army wa^defeated by tlu; Cimbri. I, ucuUus re-
turned that memoral)le answer, " I will make
thi.s day an auspicious one for l{ome." It was
tlie sixth of October, [lie ^\ on a glorious and
complete victory.] — Pllt Ainu's Li ( llus.
1396. DAYS observed. S,unud Johnxon. It
was liis ciist(jm to observe certain days witli a
pious abstraction — viz.. New- Year's day, the
day of Ids wife's death, Good Friday, Easter-day,
and his own birthday. He this year says : " I
liave now silent fifty-live years in resolving, hav-
ing, from the earliest time almost that I can re-
member, been forming schemes of a lietter life.
I liave done nothing. The need of doing, there-
fore, is pressing, since tiii' time of doing is sliorl.
O God, grant me to resolve aright, and to keep
;ny resohitions, for.fesus Christ's sake I Amen. "
— Boswki,l's Johnson, p. i;i4.
1397. DEAD, Cliarity for the. A(/cK/l,ni.i. After
the dealli of Lysander, Agesilaus fouial out a
conspiracy which that general had formed
against him immediately after liis return from
Asia. And lie was inclined to show the ]iublic
wliat kind of man I^ysander really was, b}' ex-
l)osing an oration found among his papers, which
had been comjiosed for him by C'leon of llali-
carnass'is, and was to have been delivered ')y
him to the people, in order to facilitate the inno-
vations lie was meditating in the constitution.
15ut one of the senators liaving the jjerusal of it,
and tinding it a very plausible composition, ad-
vised him " not to dig Lysander out of his grave,
but rather to bury the oration with liini." The
advice appeared reasonable, and he su[)])ressed
theiiaper. — Fi.itaiu ii's A(;ksii.ais.
139§. DEAD, Consciousness of the. A/miwin
Iiidiii/iM. On burying her d.iughter the I'hi])-
pewa mother adds not only snow sh(>es ami
jjcads and moccasins, but (sad emblem of wom-
an's lot in th(^ wilderness I) the c;irrying belt
und tlie ii.addle. " 1 know my daughter will be
restored to me," she once; said, as she clijipcd a
lock of hair for a memorial; " by this lock of
Lair 1 .shall discover her, for I shall take it
with me" — alluding to the day [of her own
burial]. — Ban'ciu)Kt's U. S., vol. 3, ch. 2'J.
1 399. DEAD respected. The. Hulon'n Lmn. That
law of Solon's is also Justly commended which
forbids men to speak ill of the dead. For piety
nvjuires us to consider the decea.sed as sacred ;
justice calls u])on us to spare those that are not
in being ; and good policy to prevent the perpet-
uating of hatred. — I'l.rTAncu's Soi.on.
IJOO. DEAD, Unburied. ]',ir><,rs in TniU,i.
They cannot burn them, as do the Hindoos, lest
the touch of death should |)ollule the llames ;
nor can they buiy them in tlie e:irth. nor in tins
sea, for earth and water and air are alike sacred.
They tiiercfore ex|)ose tlu; bodies of their dead
to be devoured by birds of the air. — GliNKUAi.
OKANT's 'i'UAVKl's, p. '.2M7.
MO I. DEATH, Admirable. M,th,Hmfs. TIk'
conclusion of his life was admirable. "IjCt him. "
said he, "to whom I have done violence or injus-
tice now appear, and lam ready to mak(! him
reiiaration." For several days ])receding liis
death he onlercd himself to be carried to the
mos(|ue, and there harangued the people with
wonderful ehxpience, wliicli, from a d^dngman,
had a jiowcrful elfect. It is liy no means im-
I)robablc that he believed himself inspired — as
the singular success of all his enterprises might
have persuaded a mind of that enthusiastic turn
of a divine interiiosition in his favor. It is cer-
tain that with his latest breath he continued to
inculcate the doctrines of his new religion. He
recommended to his followers to keep the sword
unsheathed till they hail driven all intidels out of
Araliia : and in the agonies of death he declared
lo Ayesha, tla; l)est beloved of his wives, that
God, by the mouth of the angel Gabriel, had
given him the choice of life or death, and that
he had preferred the latter. — Tvti,i;r's Hist.,
Hook (5, ch. 1.
Ii02. DEATH, Apprehension of. r,vH,ir. Ca'sar
was more and more weary. He knew that the
Senate hated him ; he knew they would kill him
if they could. All these men whose lips were
running over with adulation were longing to
drive theirdaggers into him. He was willing to
live if they would let him live ; but, for hiin.self,
he had ceased to care about it. He disdained to
tak(! precautions against assas.sination. On his
lirst return from Spain he had been attended by
a guard ; but he dismissed it in si)ite of the re-
monstrances of his friends, and went daily into
the Senate house alone and unarmed. He spoke
often of his danger with entire openness. . . .
" 15etter," he said, " to di(^ at once than live in
perpetual dread of treason." — Fuouuk's C.ksau,
ch. ':().
1103. DEATH by Attrition. S,nnutl Jnhnmn.
.lohnson mentioned Dr. Barry's System of Phys-
ics. "He was a man," said he, " wliohadac((uired
a high reputation in Dublin, came over to Eng-
laiul, and brought liis reputation with him, but
had not grciit success. His notion was. that
indsation occasions death by attrition ; and that,
therefore, the way to jireservi! life is to rt'tard
pulsation. Hut we know that pulsation is strong-
est in infanls. and that we increase in growth
while it oi)erates in its regular course ; so il can-
not be the cause of destruction." Soon after
tliis he said something very Haltering to ^NIi's.
Thrale, which I do not recollect ; but it conclud-
ed with wishing her long life. "Sir. ".said I,
" if Dr. Harrv's svstem be true, vou have now
mm
.iW^mm^sm*
ir.s
DEATH.
1 1, ii
sliDflcncd Mrs. 'riiriilcV life, ix'rliiips, sdmc miii-
utcs by iicoclcratiiig licr pulsutiKii."— MoswKi.i/s
Johnson,
I 101. DEATH, Banquet of. ('■'.■«ir in Afrirn.
Thr ciiil iif .IuIki iiiul Pclicius liMil !i wild siilcii-
(lor iiboul it. Tlicy had tied toircllicr Iroin '1 liap-
su.s to Zaiiia, Julia's own iiriiiciiud city, and llicy
were refused admission. I)isdaiiunLr lo lie lakeii
]iris<)iiers, as tiiey knew lliey iiievilalily would
!ie, they went to a counlry-liouse in the nei^di-
aorhood lielontriiiiT to the kin^r. 'I'liere, at'lei' a
last .sunii>luous lianquel, they atrreed to die like
warriors liy each olh<'r's hands. Julia killed
I'etrcius, and then ran up<in his own sword. —
Fjioi'dk's C.ks.vu, (•>;. '^4.
1'I05, . Aiiloiiji. Antony, eoiielud-
Ing thai he ''ould not nw more honorably than
in battle, determined t<>atta(k (';esar at the.sain(.'
time lioth by sea and land. The nijiht jireeed-
ini^ the e.xeeutiou of this desiirn lie orch'red his
servants at sujiper to render him their best ser-
vices thuleveIunL,^ anil till the wine round ])lenti-
fully, for the day followin;j; they mitrht behintr
to another master, while lii^ lay extended on the
ground, no longer of consecpience either lo them
onto himself. [He lost the battle, and died by
suicide. J — Pia.-iwkch's Antony.
1406. DEATH, Bravado toward. Diih' of
Gui.se. Th(! Duke of Guise received repeated se-
cret intimations of tlu! assassination in jirepara-
tion for him, but treated them with lofty disdain.
"They dare not," lic^ exclaimed; and added
that circumstances liad l)rought him to such a
pitch of desperation that, even if lie ".aw death
i'oming in at one of Ihc; windows, he W'oul(i not
take the trouble to leave the room to escape him.
[Ho was shortly after destroyed liy Ids enemies.]
— Stl'uenth' Fuanci;, ch. 17, § 11.
I'JOT. DEATH, Bravery in. William Htnturd
Strafford. It was pres.sed ujion [LordJ SiraiTord
to ask for a carriage to convey him to the place of
execution, ft'aring that the fury of the i>eo])le
would anticipate the; executioner iin<l tear from
his liaiids the; victim, denounced by IVm and
the orators of the House of ("omnions .as the
publicenemv . "No," replied Strafford ; "I know
how to look death and the people in the face ;
whether I die by the hand of the executioner or
liy the fury of tliejioiiulaee, if it should so i)leas(>
them, matters little to me." . . . Stratford's
lirotheracconiiianied him, weejiing. " IJrolher,"
said Jie, " why do you grieve thus ; do you see
anything in my life or death which can cause
you to feel jiiiy shame"/ Do I tremble liken
criminal, or boast like an .alheisl ? Come, be
firm, and think onl}' th-it this is n.y third mar-
riage, and that you a.'e my bridesman, 'i'liis
block," ]i(iintingl(i lh.it upon which he was about
lo lay hisliead, " will be iry ]iillo\v, and I shall
repose there well, without r'dii, grief, (ii Tear."
— La.«.\KTINIO's CltO.MWKI.l,, p. i.").
I.f OS. DEATH, Bribery of. Rlrh,.^. [In 1447
Cardinal lletiiy Deauforl died, M.ged eighty y<',irs.
On his deiiih l)c(l he is re]ioi'ted by his chaplain
to have said,) Why should Idle, having so much
riches ? If the whole realm woui Isavemy life,
I am able by policy to get it, or by riches to biij'
it. l<"ie, will not (leatli be hired, nor will money
(io anything- ? — KNionx's Eng., vol. 2, ch. G,
p. 96.
1100. DEATH, Choice in. SiKhhii. The same
evening, Ww lltli of .March, Ca'.sar was at a
" Last Suiiper" at the house of Leiiidiis. Tho
conversation turned on (h'atli, and on tli(> kind
of death which was most to be desired. Cii'sar,
who was signing ]iapers while the rest were talk-
ing, Idokeil up and siud, "A sudden one." —
Fkoi ])K's C.Ks.vii, ch. ~(i.
II 10. DEATH, CompanionB in. Drupair. Somn
violences comniitled against \\\v iMantchou "i'ar-
tars had given high ]iid\iication to this warlike
people, and they deterniined to invid,' the em-
jiire. 'I'heir alteni|il was favored by an insur-
rection in some of tlw iirovinces ; the Tailari+
met with very little resistance. The rebel Chi-
nese, liea<led "by a mandarin of the name of List-
cliiiig, joined thein.selves lo tlu^ Tartarian army,
and both together look ])ossession of the impe-
rial city of Pekiii. The conduct of the Chinese
emiieror is unparalleled in liistory ; w ithout
making the smallest allemiil to defend liis caj)-
it;il or maintain possession of his throne, he shut
himself uj) in his iialace. and commanded forty
of Ids wives lo hang Ihemselves in his j)resence ;
he then cut otf his daughter's head, and ended
the calaslroiihe bv liangiiii; himself. — TvTl.Kii'rt
Hist., Hook (>, ch. 24.
1411. . AiKcrican Iiidianx. Th«
chief within whose territory De Soto died se-
lected two young, well-proportioned Indians lo
be ])iit to death, saying the usage of tli<' country
was, when any lord died, lo kill Indians to wait
on him and .serve him bv llu^ way. — Bancuoft'h
Hist. V. S., vol. 15, cli.'22.
1412. DEATH, Composure in. Buh' of Mon-
inouth. He then accosted .biliii Ketch, the ex-
ecutioner, a wrelcli who had butchered many
brave .and noble victims, and whose name lias,
during a century and a half. bei'U vulgarly given
to all who have succeeded him in his odious of-
fice. •' Here," said the duke, "are six gidneas
for you. D(> not hack me as you did my Lord
Russell. T hav(' heard that you struck him tlinu;
or four times. My .servant will give you .some
more gold if you do tlie work well." He then
undressed, felt the edge of Ilieaxe.exjiresM'd souk-
fear that it was not sharp enough, and laid his
head on the block. The (liviiies in the mean time
conliiuied lo ejaculate willi great energy, '• God
accept your repeulance ; (lod accept yoiir imjier
feci reiieiitance." |Sec .No. 107!).] — M.\(AII,ay's
EN(i.,ch. .5.
141 :j. DEATH conquered. liiininriiiJilu. The
first exiiloils of Trajan were against the Dacians,
the most warlike of men, who dwelt beyond the
D.anube, and who, during the reign of lioinilian,
had insulted, with im]iunity, the majesty of
Uon»e. Til the strength iind lierceness of luirba-
rians tluy added a coiilemiil for life, which was
derived from a warifi ]iersuasi(in of the immor-
lality.and transmigration of the .soul. — Giubon's
Ko.viK, ( li. 1.
1414. . Sir Ilenri/ Vane. [Con-
demned ')V Charles II., and awailingexecution. ]
A friend spoke of prayer, that for the jin sent
tiiC cup of death might be averted. " ^Vhy
should we fear death'/" ansv; red Vane; "I
find it rather shrinks from •■.: w ; 1 ' . -ii it."
--Hancuokt's U. S., V,,. I. -;.. )j,
1415. DEATH conii;..c.i •.. ^\tU.n: ■ '^■ / ■>■
qiicror. The ileat';-bed of ^., ''::in, ■• I'din ■.
DEATH.
109
totlu! chroniclers, wiisadciilh-lu'd of rc]viit(iiicc.
He liiul iihva.vs nmdc a iirofcssioii of n'lij,non,
ami lu! was now .siirromidcd liy liisliopH and
confessors, lie spoke, it is related, of liie rivers
of blood he had shed. He lauie:ited his i)arliar-
ities in ICni^daiid. [See So. 4;i<i.J — Knuuit's
E.Nii., vol. 1, ell. l(i, p. 21S.
11 10. DEATH, Contempt of. Scdniliii/irianx.
Tliis cliaraelerislic of an alisoliite cont<'nipt of
dealh . , . was coininon to all the jjreal i)arenl
stock, '{"he poet IjUean . . . assigns its tr\ie
cause — the belief of a future slate, where rewards
Wen; to be bestowed solely on the brave. To
enjoy the disgrace of dying a natural death, and
thus forfeiting the joys of Paradise, the ferocious
Scandinavians had often recourse to self-destruc-
tion. An Icelandic author mentions a rock in
tSweden from wliich th(! old men fre(iuently iire-
C'ipitated them.selves into the sea, in order that
they might go directly to the hall of Odin. —
Tytlkk's Hist., Hook T), ch. 6.
1117. . ScandinaiiiDW. Death-.song
of King Hegner Lodlirog . . . King of Denmark
. . . about tlu! end of the eighth century, or begin-
ning of the ninth. . . . Lodbrotf.secjms to derive the
liighest pleasure; from recounting all the acts of
sliiughter and carnage that he had connnitt(,'d in
Lis lifetime. These were his ordy consolations ;
they wer(!, in his idea, a certain pa.ss|)ort to the
joys of Paradise, and insured for him a distin-
guished l)lac(! at tli(! bancpiet of Odin. After
enumerating a .series of heroic deinls, but all of a
most atrocious and .sanguinary nature, he thus
concludes ; " What is more beautiful tlian to see
the heroes imshing on through the battle, though
fainting with their wounds ? What boots it that
the timid youth flies from the combat 'I he shall
not escajte from misery ; who can avoid the fati;
"vvhieh is (ordained for Inm ? I did not dream
that I should have fallen a sacrilice to /Ella,
whoso shores I have covc'red with heaps of tin;
slain. I}ut there is a never-failing consolation
for my spirit — the table of Odin is prepared for
the brave. There the hero shall know in. grief.
There w(! .shall <[uatf the amber li(pior from the
(•iil)acious skidls. I will nollremble when I ap-
jiroach the hall of the god of deatlv. Now the
serpents gnaw my vitals ; but it is a cordial to
my .soul that my enemy ; liall (pdckly follow nu\
for my sons will revenge! n'.y death. War was
my delight from my youth, and from my child-
hood I was pleased with the bloody sjx'ar. No
sigh shall disgrace my last moments. The im-
mortals will not disdain to admit nu; into their
presence. Here let me end my song — tla; heav-
enly virgins summon me away— the lioursof my
life ,irc at an end— I I'xult and smile at dealh !"
— Tytleu's lIisT., Ijook 5, ch. G.
1418. DEATH, Cowardly. J\Vm The poor
■wretch who, Avithoul a i)ang, had caused so
many bravo Romans and so many in?iocent
Christians to be murdered, could not summon
up resolution to die. He devised eveiy operatic
incident of which he couM think. When even
his mo.st degraded slaves urged him to have suf-
ficient manliness to save himself from the fearful
infamies which otherwi.se awaiteil him, he or-
dered his grave to be dug, and fragments (jf mar-
ble to be collected for its adornment, and water
and wood for his futieral pyre, perpetually whin-
ing, " What an artist to perish I" Meauwhile a
courier arrived for Phaon. Nero snatelied his
despatches out of Ids hand, and reail that tlio
Senate; had decided that Ik; should be ])unishc(l
in the ancestral fashion as a p\dili<' enemy. Ask-
ing what the ancestral fashirtn was, he was in-
formed that he would Iw strijiped n;iked and
scourged lodealh with rods, with his head thrust
into a fork. Horritled at this, he sei/id iwodag-
gers, and after theatrically tr\ing their edges,
sheathed them airain, with the exeUM' that the fa-
tal moment had not yet ari'ived I Then lie bade
Sporus begin to sing his funeral .seaig, and beg-
ged some one to show him how to die. Even
his own intense; shame at his e'owardiee' was an
insullicie'nl slinudus, aiiel he; while'el away the!
time; in vajiiel e'pigrams anel |»ompe)us epiolaiions.
The; .se)Uliel e>f he)rse's' he)eifs Ihe'ii broke' e)n his
e'ars, and, ve'nting e)ne' meire' (JreM'k epiotalion, he;
he'lel the; elagi;e'r te) his throat. It was elriven
heane; by Ei)aphreielitus, e)ne'eif his lite'rary slave's.
At this me)me'nt thece'nlurie)n whe)e'ame' lei arie'st
him rushe'el in. ... Se) elie'd the last of the Ca'-
-sars ! — F.\itUAi{'s Eaki.v D.ws, eh. -1, p. 41.
1419. DEATH, Deceived in. />>/ Fvicndx.
[He-m-y V. was e)n his ele'ath-be'el, anel| having
ele'live-reel his last wishe's, he' aske'el the' ])hysie'ianH
he)W le)ng he' might expe'e'l te) live'. 'i'lie'V .saiel
the; Almighty hael pe)we'r te) re'steire' him to he'alth.
He; re'pe'ate'el the; epie'slie)n, re'eiuiring a elire'et an-
swer. The' answe'r was, Not me)re' than l\\ e) he)urs.
K.Meiirr'rt ENei., ve)l. 2, eh. ."i, p. 74.
1420. DEATH, Deception in. I'ric^t. [The!
Due'lu'ss e)f Pe)rlsme)Uth, e)ne' eif the' kind's nds-
tre'sse'S, pre)pe)se'el a ])rie'sl for the elying king,
(.'harles 11. | The- eluke's eireleTs weie- e)beye'el ;
anel eve-n the physie'ians withelre'W. The; baek
ele)e)r wa.s then e)pe'ne'el, anel Fathe'r Ilueldle-stem
enle'reel. A eloak hael be'e'U thre)wn e)ver his sa-
cre'el vestments, anel his shave'U e'rown was ee)n-
ce'ah'el by a tle)wing wig. " Sir," saiel the; eluke-,
" this ge)e)el man e)ne'e save'el your IMV. He la.w
ce)me's te) save yeiur se)ul." t'harh's faintly an-
swere'el, " He' is we'le'e)me'." Huelelle'stein we'Mt
thre)ugh his j)arl be'tte'r than had be'e'U e'X]ie'e'te'el.
He knelt by the be'el, liste'ue'd to the e'e)hfe'ssie)n,
pre)ne)ime'e'el the; ab?e)lution, anel uehuinistereel
extreme imctie)n. — Mac .\l"i,.vv's E.Nei., ch. 4,
p. 407.
1421. DEATH, Defiant in. Chnrhs X I f.
[Kingeif Sweele'n at Freelerie u-hall. | At the'sie'gei
e)f this te)Wn, on Ne)ve'ml)e'r ;J0. 171S (old style'),
this invete'rato warrie)r re'ceiveel the fatal ble)w
whie-h enek'el his tre)ublous anel eve'iitful e'are'e'r.
He; was struck in the he'ael willi a cannem ball,
anel theaigh eh'ath must Ini ve- be'e'ii inslaiitane'e)us,
he was foimel with his right hanel firmly grasj)-
ing the' hanelle' e>f his sworel, so ))rompt w.'is he
to ])Ut himsi'lf in an attiluele e)f elefene'e. —
\Vin'rK's Swi;i)r.Nite)iie;. e'h. 'I. ]>. IJ:!.
1422. DEATH, Encouragement in. Ood Hrelli.
[.\t the dealh e)f uMahonie'tJ fanalieism alone;
eoidel sugge'st a. ri.y e)f he)pe' anel e'emsejlatieai.
" lIe)W ''an he; be' ele'ael, e)u1' witne'ss, eiur inle'rces-
se)r, e)ur meeliator, with Goel ? By (Joel he;isneit
ele'ael ; like' Mo.se-s and .Te'sus, he is wrap])eel in a
he)ly Irane'e', anel sjje'e'eli'y will he re'turn te) his
faithful ])ee)ple'." The evide'nce of se'iise was dis-
re'gareleel ; anel Omar, unsheathing his cime'te-r,
thre'ateneel to strike ofT the heads of the intielels
whe) shetnld dare le) a.irm that the pretphet was
no more. The tumua was appeased by the
k I
170
DEATH.
wcifflit and niodcriitiou of Abuhckcr. " Ih it
Miihoiiu't," said Ik; to Omar and the iindtitudc,
"or tlic God of Malionu't, wlioiu you worsldp '!
Tliu Ood of Malioinct livctli forever ; Imt tlie
nposllo was a niorlal like ourselves, and, accord-
iiif^ to liis own ])redictioti, lie has experienced
llie coinnioii fate of niorlality." He was ])i(iiisly
interred liy tln^ lianils of liis nearest kinsman, <in
llu! same sjiot on whieli he expired. — CiinnoN's
lio.MK, ch. 5(1.
l.|5i:i. DEATH, Fear of. S.nnud ,/<j/ii<x'>ii.
Mr. Henderson, willi whom I had sauntered in
the venerable walks of .Merton Colleire, and
found him a very learm'dand i)ious man. supped
villi us. Dr. .lohiisoii surprised him not a little
))y acknowledijiii;,'', with a look of horror, th.it lu^
"was much opi)ressed l»y the fear of death. The
aniiablo Dr. Adams su^^irested that (}od was in-
finitely ;,'()od. JouNso.N : " That He isintinilely
good, as far as the ]ierfectioii of i'is natiwe will
allow, I certaiidy lieli(^ve ; hut it is necessary for
good upon tho whole, that individuals should he
])iuiislied. As to an iiuliriduiil, therefore, Jle is
not intiiutely good ; and as [ caimot lie «»//■(' that
I have fulfilled \\w. conditions on which salva-
tion is granted, I am afraid I mav Ix' one of those
■who shall 1)0 danuied." (FiOokinx dismally.) Dit.
Ad.vms : "What do you mean liy danuied'.'"
JoHNsox (passionately and loudly): " Sent to
hell, sir, and ]iuidslied ('verli.stingly." Dit. Ad-
ams : " I don't helii^vi! that doctrine." .Toir.Nso.x:
" Hold, sir ; do you bi'lievi! that sonu^ will he pun-
ished at all '/" "J)n. An.\Ms : " Being ..eluded
from heaven will hi; a i)\uiishinent ; \ ■♦ there
niav be no great ])ositive sutTcring." Joiinhox ;
" Well, sir ; but if 3'ou adnul aM_\ degree of puii-
i.shment, there is an end of your lu'gument for in
finite goodness, sim])ly consi(lere(l ; for infinite
goodnes.s woidd intlict no jiunishment whatever.
There is not infinite goodness, i)liysically consid-
ered ; morullv, there is." — Boj^wkll's Johnson,
p. 5^4.
1421. . Tln^ DniMs. They ap-
pear to ha\(! taught the inuuorlality of the
soul, or rather the transnugration of souls, ai.d
a future state of rewards and ])unislunciUs.
" They lay special stress," .says Ctesar, " upon th(
doctrine that .souls do not perish, but j)ass after
death into other bodies ; considering this as a
most jiowerful stinmlus to liraveryand courage,
since it tends to remove ;dtogetiier the fear of
death. ' — !5TI'D!:nts' Fhance, ch. 1, tj 10-12.
1'125. DEATH, Feast of. Ainrriran Ahon';/-
t'nrs. Of the strength and ardor of their idfec-
tions there can be no evidence so strong as that
■which arises from their treatment of tlie dead.
Belic\ing in the inunortality of the soul, they
bury along with the deceased his bow aiui ar-
rows, tiigetlier with the most splendid ornaments
■ivhich belonged to him. They attend him to the
grave witli the di-epest nianifi'Stations of sorrow,
juid those who are his nearest relations retire for
a great length of time to their huts, and ref\is(! to
t.'ike any concern in the active occujiations of
the trilii'. lUit this is not all ; their concern for
the dead is in;iiiifested in a maimer yet more
striking, by a cereniony llu; most solemn and
the most awfully affecting that imagination can
devise. At stated periods is held what is termed
the feast of the dead, or the feast of souls, i\ hen
all the bodies of those who have died since tlu;
last roremony of that kind are taken out of their
graves, and l)ronght together from the greatest
distances to one jilaee. A great i)it is dug in tho
ground ; and thither, at a ceriain time, each per-
son, attended liy his f;i'Mily and friend.s, nnirched
in solemn silence, li< ng the dead body of a
sou, father, or ii liroi r. 1'hese are deposited
ill the pit, from whieli ' h (lerson takesaiiand-
ful of earth, which he ]M(m rvi's afterward with
the most religious t'are. — Tvti.i;k"s Hist., IJook
(i, ch. 21.
1 I2U. DEATH, Fortitude in. Airrrirun Tml-
iiiiiH. [Hn'beuf, the .lesuil missionary, describes
the tortures of an Iroipiois ]iiisoner, prececk'd
by a feast.] To th(^ crowd of his guests ho
declared: "My brothers, I am going to die;
make merry around mi^ with good heart ; I am
a man ; J fear neither death nor your torments,"
and he sang aloud. . . . Torments lasted till
after sunrise, when the wretched victim, bruis-
ed, gashed, mutilated, half roasted and scalped,
was' carried out of llie villagt! and hacked in
pieces — H.\nckoI''t's L'. S., vol. ;5, ch. 22.
1 '127. DEATH, An honorable. Ii>nii/iiii. His
end was characteristic. Jt was lirought on
by exposure when he was engaged in an act of
ciiarity. A quarrel had broken out in a family
at Keading with which Jhmyan had some ne-
(juaintance. A father had taken offence at his
son, and threatened to disinherit him. IJunyan
undertook a journey on horseback from Bedford
to Heading in tint hojie of reconciling them. Ho
s' 'ceeded, but at llie cost of his life. Returning
liy Lcndon. lie was overtaken on the road by a
storm of rain, and was wetted through before lie
could lind shelter. The chill, falling on a consti-
tuti. ;i ain idy weakened by illness, brought on
fever. H<' was able to reach the house of j\Ir.
Strudwiek. one <if his [.ondon friends ; liut he
never left his bed afterward. In ten days lie
was dead.— Fiioi'i)i;'s Bi:nv.\n, eh. 9.
1 <I2S. DEATH, Impassioned. Alij- n n d c r.
Whole (l.iys and nigijls were consumed iu riot
and debauchery . . . at Eebataua. . . , Anud
these tumultuous [Measures the death of He-
pha'stion, whom AU xander loved with sincere
idTectioii, threw him into a paro.xysm of despair.
He commanded the physicians who attended him
to be put to deatli ; he accused the gods as con-
spiring with lliem to d( pri' c him of a life more
dear to him than his own . he ordered a public
mourning, and that the sacred fires should bo
extinguislied through all Asia, an omen which
b(jth his friends and enemies regarded as of th(!
blackest import. — T vii. Kit's Hisr., Book 2,ch. 4.
1 429. DEATH , Information of, ^V^ in ud Joh n-
fioii. Johnson, with that native fortitude which,
amid all liis b<idily <lislress and mental suifer-
ings, never forsoolc him, asked Dr. Brocklcsby,
as a man in whom he had eoiilidence, to tell him
plainly whether he could recover. " Gi\e me,"
.said lie, " a direct answer." 'I'he doctor, having
first asked him if he could bear the whole truth,
which way soever it might lead, and being an-
sweri'd tliat he could, declared that, in his opin-
ion, he could not recover without a niinicle.
"Then, ".said .Johnson," I will take iioni(ir<' ]iliys-
ic, not even my opiates ; for I have prayeil that
I ir.av render \ip my soul to God unchnided."
In tins resolution he iterscvered. and, at the same
time, used only the wcake-.! kinds of sustenance
DEATH.
171
Hciri;; pressed Ity Mr. Windlmin to take some-
wlml more ;,'eiier(nr>< iioiirislinieiit, lest loo low ii
diet should have the very efTeet which lie dread-
t'd, l)y deliiiilatiii!^ his mind, he said : "I will
lake aiiylhiiijf Ittit iiielirialiiig siiHlcnauce." —
UoMWKlJ.'S .loil.NSON, p. .■)(}•,'.
I'l^lO. DEATH, Patriotic. C<i)>tiiin Nuthnn.
TIiili'. S(|iteiMl)er, ITIti. [The Hrilish entered
IS'ew VorU.| lie soliiiiteered to venture under
(lisi;uis(! wiiliin the Hrilish lines, , . , He was
wized, . , . frankly avowed his name and rank
in tlie American army. . , . Howe ordered him
to l)e e.xeculed the ne,\l inorniiiLr. , . . As he as-
cended Die uidloWH, he said : " I only rei,'-ret that
I liave hut one life to lose for my country." —
B.wcuokt's r. S., vol. it, ch. 7.
1. 1 :i I. DEATH permitted. Muhtnud. In a fa-
miliar discourse lie mentioned his special ]ireroi,'-
ntive ; that the an<.;el of death was not allowed to
lake his soul till he liail respectfully asked the
])ermission of tlie i)rophet. The re(|uest wa.s
j^ranted ; and Mahomet immediately fell into the
ii!,'(jny of his dissolution. — GiitiioNs Jto.MK, ch.
nb.
1132. DEATH, Prayer in. Muhonnt. His
liead was reclined on the lap of Ayesha, the hest
beloved of all hi.s wives ; lie fainted witli tlie vio-
lence of piiin ; recovering his spirits, he rai.sed
Ills eyes toward the roof of the house, and, with
u steady look, thougli a faltering voice, uttered
Ihc last broken though articulate words: " ()
God ! . . . iiardon my sins. . . . Yes ... I
come . . . among my fellow-citizens on high ;"
and thus i)eaceal)ly e.\pired on a carpet spread
upon the floor. — Gihuon's Ko.mk, ch. .10.
1433. . Luther. His friends com-
forted him, and administered medicines. J}ut
again he si)oke : "I am i)a.ssing away; I shall
give up mysjiirit." Tlien lie repeated in I>atin,
(juiekly and three times in succession, tlie words,
'■ i'^itlier, into tliy hands I commend my s]iirit ;
Thou ha.st redeemed me. Thou faithful God." —
KeIN's LlTIIKll, ch. '2.1, p. lit.").
1431. . Cromirdl. "Lord, al-
tliough I .ini a wretched ;ind miser.ihle creature,
I im in ( ov( n.int witli Thee through grace, and
1 may, I will, com(; unto Thee for my peoi)le.
Tli'.u hast made me a mean instrument to do
them some good, and Thee service ; and many
of them liavc .set too iii.ii'h a value upon nie,
tliougli others wish and would Ite glad of my
death. I}ut, Lord, however Thou do>t dispose
of me, continue to go on. and do good for them.
Give them consistency of judgment, one heart,
and mutual love ; and lio on to deliver tiiem, and
■with I lie Work of reformalior and make the
liame (^f Christ glorious in the world. 'I'eacli
those who look too much upon tiiy instrunienls
to (li'pend more upon thyself I'ardon siicli as
«lesire to trample upon tlie dust of a poor worm,
for they are ihy people too; and jianlon the
folly of this short pniyer, for .Jesus Christ His
sake, and give us a good niglit if it Ix' thy
l)leasure." — Hood's Ciso.mwi i.i,, ch. J 7, p ;^23.
1435. DEATH, Preparation for. (U'rnnui B<ir
hari<uM. All agn'cd that -^ life ^jx-nt in arms,
and a .trloriousdi'ath in l)attle. were tlie best prep-
arations for a liaiii)y futurity, either in this or
in another world. — GibfjonVK'/X*',, ■ Ii 9.
1436.
yftihotnii. His mortal
disease wa.s a fever of fourteen days, which de-
prived him hy intervals of the use of retison. A«
.soon as he was conscious of his diui.trer he edi-
th'd his lirelhren Ity tlii^ jiumilily of his virtue or
IH'iiiteiice. '• If ilieri! lie any man,' .said tliu
ajtostle from lhe))ulpit, " whom I have un.]uslly
scourged, I stihmit my own hack to the lash of
retaliation. Have I aspersed llu; reputation of ii
Mussulman ? let liini proclaim viy thoughts in
the face of the con.ifregation. Has an}' one been
(les|ioiled of his goods V the little that 1 pos.se.s.s
shall compensate the princiiml luid the interest
of the delil." " ^'e".," replied a voice from tins
crowd, " I am entitled to three drams of .silver."
Mahomet heard the complaint, salislied the do-
inand, and Ihanked his creditor for accusiin.'- him
in this world rather than at the day of juilgment.
— Giiidon'h Ho.MK, ch. .10.
1437. . SiDiniii Jn/inxon. About
eight or ten days before his death, when Dr.
Rrocklesby paid him his morning visit, he s<'emed
very low and des])on(ling, and .said ; "I liavo
been as a dying miui all niglil." He then ein-
lihatically liroke out in the words of Shake-
speare :
" Canst thou not minister to a mind disoas'd ;
Pluck from the memory a rooled sorrow ;
Haze out the written troubles of the brain ;
And, with some sweet oblivious antidote,
Cleanse the stulf'd bo.som of that perilou.s
.stuff
Which weighs upon the heart '!"
To which Dr. Broeklesby readily answered,
from the same great poi't ;
" therein the patient
^Mu.st minister to himself."
— BoHWKM.'s Johnson', p. C.IH.
1,|3S. . Citptiire of ConUmi. When
the ri'sidt of the battle was known the leading
citizen, who had headed the revolt against Ca'sar,
gathered all that belon.ged to him into a heap,
poured turpentine over it, and, after a last feast
with his family, burnt himself, ins liou.se, hi.s
children, and .sVrvants. — Fhoude's C'^sau, ch.
;21.
113ft. DEATH, Reflections in. Cardinal Wol-
HCj/. On his deathbed his thou.iihts .still clung
to the jirince whom he had served. " Had I but
served God as diligently tis I have served the
king," murmured the dyin,!; man, " He would
not hiive .iriveii me over in my gray hairs. But
this is my due rewiu'd for my pains and study,
not regarding my service to God, but only my
duty to iny iirince. " — ENoi.rsir Pkoim.k, i; 1()'.J.
1 440. DEATH, Hesults of. ('/irM/an'n. They
testified tiwir altacliment for the cause of the
jiope by the murder of the Calvinist Anne du
liourg, a heroic Confessor of the Protestant faith.
" ISix feet of earth for my liody, and the infinite
heavens for my .s(aii. is what 1 shall .soon have."
ciied Anne du Bourg at sight of the scaffold, and
in presence of her executioners. — L.xmautink's
Mauy Sti'akt, p. 7.
1441. DEATH, Sayings in. Sir llcnryVauc.
When he atleinptcd to sponk tjie trunii>ets
.sounded to drown Ids voice. Enthusiasm wept
for him wliih-' n admired him ! At la.st lie
turnc(i aside, exclamiug, " It is a bad cau.s*;
■which cannot bear tlie words of ;i dying man '
He seems to li:ive been ))ermitt(il to j)ray a litth;
m
1 ?">
DKA'rir,
in (M'Mcc ; Hiicll W'litcncrs lis llic fullowiti); fell
from liiiii, recorded liy Sykes; " Uriiij: us, ()
Lord, iiitd tlie true niyHtieal SmIiIiiiIIi, tliiit we
iiiav eeiise I'niiii our works, rest, I'rorii our lid)orH,
mid liecome a meet, liultitutioii for tliy S|>iril,"
etc., "tc. IIJH lust word.s were ; " Fiillic'r, nlorily
tliy servant in tlie si^dit of men, tlial lie may
irlorify Tliee in tlie (iis(|iar;j:e of his duties to
riiee and to his country. " 'riicreupon lie
Htretclied out liis arms ; in an instant swift fell
the stroke, and the head of one of tiie ^^reaiesl
and purest heinirs that ever adorned our world
rolled on the scalTold 1 — 1 Iood'hI'iiomwki.i,, eh.
18, p. 2.VI.
I'l-l!l. DEATH, A seemingf. Sirrdr it ho /•//,
While Swcdenliori; was I'viii;,' in Sweden, in
IT'")!, his old friend and coiidjutor, I'olheim,
(lietl ; and Swedeiilioru was favored with a view
of lioth sides of his f,n'ave. Writin;.,' in his " Spir-
itual Diary," he says: " I'ollieim died on Mon-
day, and spoke with me on Thursday. 1 was
invited to the funeral. II(! .saw the lieurse, the
nttendaiits, and the whole jirocession. He also
saw them let down thecotllii into the f;riive, and
conversed \vitli me while it was i::oin!f on, askiiiLi;
me why thev liuried him, when he was alive.
And wfien the jiricst. pronounced that, lie would
ri.se ajrain al \\\v day of judgment, he asked why
lliis was, when he had idreiidv ri.seii. Jle won-
dered that such a lielief should i)revail, consider-
inii' that he was ( veil now alive ; lie also won-
dered al the belief ill the resurrection of the
body, for he said he felt that he was in the body."
— SwKDK.Mtoud, eh. 10, |). 77.
l'l-i:t. DEATH, Self evoked. Murin.^. Mariiis
[one of the thirty Uoinaii tyrants] wa.'^ killed by
a soldier who had formerly .served as a workman
in his shop, and who exclaimed, as he struck,
" JJehold ilie sword which thyself hast fori^ed :"
— Xoi'K IN Oimio.v's Ko.Mi , cli. li), p •Vi'-'-i.
I 1 1 1. DEATH, Strength for. CmminU. lb
called for his liilile, and d('-ired an honorable
and tiiidly person tlicic. with ollicrs ])ri'senl. to
rend uiilo liini thai passat'e in I'hil. 4: II i;{;
" Not lliat I speak ill respect of rtaiil : for I have
learned, in whatsoever slate I am, lliercv, itii to
lie contcnl. I know both how lo be aba.sed, and
I know how lo abound : csciywiuic and in all
thiniis I am iiistrucled liolh lo be full and to be
hanL:rv, both to alKMiiid and to suffer need. 1
can do all thiii;,rs lhroui;li Christ wliiili slreiiu:il|.
eiilh me." Which read, .said he, to use his own
words as near as we can rememl»er them, " This
Scriiiture did once save my life, when my eldest,
son, poor Oliver, died, which went as a daLr.u'er
to my heart — indeed it(li<l." And llicn, repeat-
ini,' I he words of the te.\t himself, and readiiiij;
the tenth and eleventh verses of St. Paul's coii-
lentment and submission to the will of (iod in
all condilioiis, said he : " It's true, Paul, you hav(^
learned this, and allaincd to this measure of
^race ; but what shall I do ? Ah, |)oor creature,
it is 11 Iiard lesson or me to take -ail I I find it
so." J5ut readiiii;' on to the tliirieenth verse,
when; Paul saitli, " I can do all thiiiirs ihrouijli
(;hrist which strensrthen me," then faith bc>ran
work, and his heart to find su]i]iort andcomf(jrt,
and he Siiid tlius to hiin.self, " He that was Paul's
Christ is my Christ too ;" and so ''he drew water
out of the wells of sulvatiou." — IIOod's Ckom-
WELL, ch, 17, p. 221.
I'l'IA. DEATH, Study In. Ihitrh h'.r/ilorcr.
,\.l). l.")l)(I. Marellt/.ell sou;,dit to j.'-ei rotllld Novil
Zembia [seeking; ii north east pirssap- for Diitcli
commereej, and when his ship uas hopelessly
enveloped liy Ice liad the coiiriiice to eneam|>
his er<'W on the desolate northern shore of tlio
island, and cheer them diirim; a winter rendered
horrible by famine, cold, and the tii rci' altacks
of liu,!,;e white bears, whom hiiimer had mad-
dened. When s])riii^' came the ^allaiil companv,
ti'a\'ersini,^ more than sixteen hiindrcil milt s in
lwoop<'ii boats, were tossed for three months liy
storms anion;;' iceberjrs, before they coiiid reacli
the shelter of the >Vliite Sea. IJarenl/eii sunk
under his trials, but was enpipMl in poriii;;-
ovei a sea-chart as he died. The expeditions of
the Dutch were willioiil a jiarallcl for dariiii;. —
H.vncuoi.t's U. S., vol. ','. ( h. b").
I-IIO. DEATH, Substitutional. .»////,/ r//. |TIh'
soldiers of jMarcus Crassus were delealed in an
eiiKi'Arement. I The llist TiCMt, who had shown
the ffreatesl marks >f cowardice, lie divided
into fifty jiarts, and ])ut one in each decade lo
death, to wlio.se lot it iniLdit haiiiieii to fall ; thus
revi\ iiii; an ancient custom .if mililaiy puiiish-
iiiiiil which had been loic.,'' disu.sed. Indeed,
this kind of ])uiiishmeiit is the jrreatest mark of
iiifani}', and beiiu!; jHit in execution in si;rlil
of the wIk.Ic army is allciided with many aw-
ful and alfecliiii; circunisi.inces. — Pi.i i aucii'k
Cit.vssis.
Ilir. DEATH, Sudden. H'r/.v// //-///■-//. On
the morniii^^of ihe bJlli [of December. 17!»!)] the
ireiieriil was eii^-aiicd in inakinir some improve-
inenls in Ihe front of .Mount, Vernon. . . . The
day became rainy with sleet , . , [lie became
wet] before his return to llic house. About one
o'clock he was .seized with chilliness and nausea,
but, havinir chnni^ed his clothes, .sal tlowii to hi.s
indoor work. . . . Al lU'^hl . . . remained
writinir until between eleven and twelve o'clock.
I He (tied aiiout ten o'clock on Ihe followiuii;
iiiudil ]— Ci sris' W Asiii.NOTti.N, vol. 1, eh. 24.
11 IN. DEATH, Testimony in. Lord }for,/ros^.
[A s|)len(lid S<-otch nobleman, who \ainly at-
temjiteda revolution in Scot land favorable to ex-
iled ( 'harles II. | 'i'licy iiiiiioimced thai the sen-
tence condemned him ' lo be liuiin- on a uibbet
lliirly f<'ct liiirli, where he was to be exposed dur-
ing; three hours : th.il his Ik, id would then be cut
oir and nailed to the ;i;iii > of hi prisiin.and thai
his arms and le^^s, sevt k d froii> /jjs body, would
be distributed (o the four ]iri;icj|);il cities of tlu;
kiiifrdom." "I only w i li," repjii il Montrose,
"that I liad limbs eiiouiih (o be dispersed
throuLch every city in Europe, to bear (cstimony
in the cause for which f have fouLdit and am
contenl to die." — L.vm.\|{Tim;'s Chu.mwkll,
p. o2.
1119. DEATH, T'houghts in. Bo n a i><t rtc.
" Frdiict, 1lt( <irinii. .I'(i!<>jiliiiii," were tlii' lastim-
aires which linirercd in the heart and th(! last,
words which treTiib]e<l on the li])s of the dyin^
emiieror. — Amiorr's X'ai'oi.kox I>., vol. 2,
ch, ;!4.
I'ISO. DEATH, Thoughts of. SiuiukI Johnmn.
IJoswKi.i. : " But is not Ihe fear of death natural
toman '!'' Johnson : " So mucli so, sir. that the
wliole of lif(! is but keeping away the thouiiht.s
of it." lie then, in a low and earnest tone,
I)I';ATH— DKHT.
n.'j
titlkcd (if liis iDcililalinixiipon tlii' iiwriil lioiir of
Ills own (lissolutioti, mid in wimt iniitiiicr lie
should coDdui't hitiisrlf upon tliiit occasion : " I
know not," siijd lie, " wlidiicr I Hliould wIhIi to
Imvc II Iricnd l>v nic, or iiiivc it ail liclwccn Uod
and iiiyscil'."— lidsw ki.i/h .loHNso.N, p. 1(1.").
mi. DEATH, Tranquillity In. S.,n-iiti'K. On
the (lay of his dntlh lie iliscourscd, willi iiiicoiii-
iiioii force of' clixpiciicc, on the ininiortaiily of
the soul, on the iiillileiiee tliiit |iersiiasioii oiiifht,
lo have on ihe conduct of life, and oil the coin
fort it (litl'used on I he Inst inoineiils of existence.
lie drank the poisoned cup witlioiit the sinaiiesi
liiiotion ; and in the a^^my <>f deaili showed to
Ids alleiKliim' friends mi e.\ani|>le of traiKpiillity
which tlif'ir deeli felt urief denied Iheinall power
«)f iinitalinir. I'lic narrative of this conchidini,^
Ncene, as it is iriven hy I'iato in his dialo!,^ue en
titled " I'ha'don," is one of the iiohlest. specimens
of sinipli', eloipieiit, and jialhetic dcscripiloii
wliich is anywhere to he niel with — ii narrative,
to tile force I if which Cicero hears this stronir testi-
mony, thai he never could read il without tears.
(Such was the end of this true philosupher, of
■\vhoin his un^i'raieful coimtrvinen knew not the
value till lliev had destroyed hiiu. — Tyti,i;k'.s
lIlST.. KnoklV ell, 2.
ll.Vi. DEATH, Triumph in. Untllr „f Q,i,h,r.
I General I Wolfe, leadiiiic the charfrc, was wound-
ed in the wrist. ALTain Ik^ was struck, hut,
jiressed oil at the liciid of his ^rrcnadicrs. ,Just
lit the uioinent of victory ii third hall pierced his
breast, and he sank (iuiverin!f to the earth.
" They run, they run I" said the attendant who
bent over him. " Who run ?" was the feehle re-
sponse. "The French an; llyini^ every where,"
re])lied the otlicer. " Do they run already ?
Then 1 die happy." said l!ie expirini; hero ; and
Iii.s spirit jiassed away amid tlie snioi^e of lialtlc.
— HiDiMrns r S., ch. ;{.">, p. '2T(i.
145:i. DEATH, Triumphant In. '■ stmiriniir'
Jarkxiiii. I I lavinn' received several severe Viounds
at ('liaucellorsville, his nriii was amputated.
Piieiiinoniii set in, and death followed.) Aihis-
in;; his wife, in the event of his death, to return
tn her fill hei'tj house, he remarked : " Vouhavea
kind and irood father ; hut there is no one so kind
und irood .IS your ile.iveidy Father." When she
told him liie doctors did not tliinlv he coulo live
two lioiirs, {iilhoui!h he did not himself expect 'o
die, he replied : •' It will he inlinite ;r,iiii to |m'
traiisj.iled to heaven iiiid lie with .lesus." — I'oi.-
LAHDs Sixo.Nu Ykak oI' 'I'lll-; W.\U, ell. 10,
p. 2(r..
I45I. DEATH by Violence. Hoimi k Hhijk rora.
Siich Was the imiiappy condition of the Komaii
emperor--, th.-it, whatever miirlit he their con-
duct, tlieir fate w;is commonly the same. A lite
of pleasure or virtue, of severity or mildness, of
indoleiiee or trlory, alike led to an untimely
grave; ;md almost every reii,',!! is closed liy the
name disi^iistinir rciietition of trea.son and mur-
der. — (Jiiiiio.N's Ho.Mi:, ch. I'J.
l.|5.>. DEATH welcomed. Dcfidf. [At the
battle of (^iiehec the \ ictorious (tuneral Wolfe
defeated the French, but died of his vvomids.
When the French ran, General] Montcalm, .still
iittemptini; to rally his broken re^dmenls, was
struck with a ball, and fell. " Shall I survive V"
said ho ti his surireou, "Rut a fe>v hours at
most," replied the atteiidatit. ".So niiicli (hn
hettrr," replied tl(e heroic Flelichmiill ; " I shall
not live to witness the surrender of C^ueliec."
|.See more at No, II,*)',',] — UiDi'.vTii'rt U. H„
ch. It.'), p. ','7tl,
IJ5«. DEATH of the Wicked. Al..r,ni,/,r.
Till! Ilrst Jiersou that lirou;,dit the news of .\le.\-
aiKler's death was Asclepiades, the son of Hip
parchus. Demades desired the peojile lo ;;ivti
no credit to it. " For," said he, " if .Mexander
were deail, the whole world would smell the car-
cass. "—I'li'ivikh'm I'lliX ION.
II5T. DEBATE, Personality in. Sannul .hilm-
Kiiii. Ills .Majesty then talked of the controversy
between Warhurton and i,owtii, which heseemcd
to have read, and asked .lohnson \\ hat he tlioiii^ht
of it. .lohnson answered ; " Warliurton has
most j,reneral, most scholaslic, Icarniii!,' ; i.owlh
is the more correct scholar. I do not know
which of them calls names best." The I iiiLf
was pleased lo say he was of the same opinion ;
addinu', " \'ou do not, think then, i>r, .lohnson,
that lliere was much ari,ninienl in Ihe ca,se."
.Folmson said he did not think there was. " Why,
Iriilv," .said the kiiiir, " when once it comes to
calliiiD: names, ar;;ument is jireliv well at an
end — Uoswi'ii.i.'s .Ioiinson, [>, I.')l.
1 I5«. DEBAUCHERY, Hoyal. Cilhrn.., IT.
|()f Uiissia, ) The common hclief is, that shi had
a new lover about every three months, who wa.s
llieii dismi.ssed with ^nfts and pensions Onu
author informs us that she expended in tlii.s
way, duriiif^ her reii,'ii, ii sum of money eipial,
in our pr<'sent currency, lo !j!20(),0()(),(M)(), J,ov-
ers she may have; had ; but when I read lier
lileasant, innocent, anil hi;;li-bred letters to th(!
irreal men of her time, and when I run over
Ihe cataloL,nie of the immense and solid benetit>«
which she bestowed upon her country, I lind it
impossilile to heliev(? that she ever abandoned
herself lo ,syslcmatic dc'liauchery, — (Jyci.oi'K-
ju,v (II'' l5io(i.. p. 404.
1 159. DEBT, Imprisonment for. KnuJinnl. In
the dclilors' prison at Shellield |.Iohn| Howard
liiiind a cutler ])lyiiiu' his trade, who was in jail
for thirty cents. The fees of the court which had
ciiii-ii;ncd him to prison amounted to nearly %~y,
anil tills sum lie had lieen for.sevcnd years tryiiii^
to earn in prison. In another jail there was ii
man, with a wife mid ti\c children, conlined tor
court fees of about %\ and jailer's fees of eiylily
CI 1 1 Is. This man was conlined in the same apart-
ment with roliliers and murderers, and had
liltle hope (if lieiiiir iible to raise the money for
his discharire. All such deblois — and they
were nuinerous then in I']iiL;laiid — Howard n;-
leased by iiayiiii; their debts. — Cvci.oimidi.v ok
Hiod.. \i. :")(;.
I l«0. DEBT, Security for. Sir ]\:,!t,r S,;,ff.
In .M.iy, IM'J, i-^colt l,a\iiii; now ;it last obtained
the salary of the Clerkship of Session, the work
of which he had for more tli;in live years dis-
chariicd without pay, indid^cd himself in rcal-
izin;j; his favorite dream of buyiiuj: a " mountain
farm" at Alibotsford — five miles lower down the
Tw(;ed than his cottafjcc at Ashestiel. . . . The
place thus boniicht for i;4()(K) — half of which, ac-
cordini^ to Scott's bad and san^'uine habit, was
borrowed from his brother, and half nii.sed oa
the security of a poem at the moment of salo
174
I)KHT-I)K(KITFLI.NKS8.
!
wholly unwritten, and n<.t coninlrtcd even when
hv rcniovcd to AliiK)tMfor<l — " Itdkrliy" — Im'ciiiiic
only ton riMicli of im Idol for thr ilnI of Srott s
llf(!. — HtnoNM .S( OTI', ell. H.
I -16 1. DEBT by War. Vnitnl FtnUn. Tlio
Niitioiiiil drill, liowcvt'i wiiH tlu! ffri.'utf'Ht uiid
itioNi tlirciitcidni; ijiicstion ; liiit the k<'1iIum <if
Iliiniilloii trliini|i|i<'d over every didlciilty. The
Ifideliteiliiess of llie I'Miled .SIiiIcm, Including the
revoliitioiiiirv evpeiiseH of till' Ncverul StiilcH,
iinioiinted to iH'iirly )j(Mii.l)(H),i)(ll). llMinlllon
adopled II liroiid niid honest policv . Ills |i|iiii,
•whiih WMHiiiiil liefore ('on;ureMs 111, the lieyiniiiiii;
(if the seeniid sessi<iii, |ini|i(is(Ml Ihiil llic ilelil of
the I'liiled Stales due to Aiiii'rir;iM citi/cnM, ns
■well us the will (lelit of till' inilividiiid Sinli-^.
hIioiHiI he as-iiriied liy Ihc uciienil jroveninieiii,
and tliiit ill' xliiiiilil hr fiillji /mill, liy this nuns
ure the credit ot llie eoiiiilry was Vll^lly im
proved, even liefore aitiml piiyineiit was lieirnn.
As a iiieaiis of aiii^nifiitiinf the revenues of tla^
pivermneiil, a duty was laid on the tonnage of
inerehaat ships, with a diseriiiiinalion in favor of
Aniericiiil vessels ; ii! d eilstoliis were levied on
all inipuricd articles. Hainillon's schemes were
violenth' opposed |liiilvery suceessful|. — Hid-
rATn'st'. S.. (h. -K;,
I'Ki'i. DEBTS (lisoounijfed. /.nir.i of Amnx/s.
The unnecessary C(Piitnirtiiiiidf delils was like-
wise reslr.iineil in Ki:vpl hy a , . . very lauda-
lile reixniaf inn. 'I'lie delitor was oliiii,'e(t to irive
in ]ile(li;c tin emlialmed liody of his fallw r, to
remiiin willi the creditor I'll tlii! deht was dis-
fharui'd. II" who died without redi ''iniiiif this
Nicred pledire was depriveil hiinM'lf of funeral
oliseijuies. — 'rvri,i;n's llisr., lJ<iok 1, eh. 4.
|.|«:i. DEBTS, Dishonest, /'nml, „r<: The
royal eusiiuii |(if Henry VIII. ] has survixcd
ainoiiir lis ill many a notorious examiile. The
loans iid\ aiieed liy honest, creditors are repudi-
ated; the Li'.'iniiiiinir delits lo"ciafty iieisons"
MV> scrupulously (liscliMru'ed. |lhnry was a
notorious uamlih i ] — IvMcarr's l..s(i., vol. ~',
ch. ::.'t), p. :!•,'!).
IIOI. DEBTS prevented. Al/n iiimiK. Solon
restrained iIk 'verity of creditors to their debt-
ors liy ])roiiil. 'lir all inipri,^oiinienl for deht ;
but he restrained, at thesamo time, the fre(|urney
of contract iii^r dclits by the sevire iieiially of the
lorfeilureof the liirhts of citi/.eiiship — a i)uiiisli-
inent whic h, tliouLii it did noi, reduce a man to
servitude, deprived him of all voice in the ])iili-
lic assemlily, or share in the irovcrnnicn! of thi'
commonwealth. In like niannei', if a delitor
died iiisdlveiil, his heir was disfr.'inchised till
the deht was ])aid. This was a wise rcunilation ;
for no indi;;ent man ouudit to lie a legislator. —
Tyti.kii's lli-r.. Hook 1, ch. 10.
1IG5. DEBTS, Punishment for, J ii n o I r c i, t
DMiiVK. After judicial ]iroof or confession of
the deht, thirty days of ^n-ace were allowed he-
fore a Roman was delivered into llu; i)ower of
his fellow-citizen, in this private prison twelve
ounces of rice wen; his daily food ; he mij^ht he
bound with a chain (jf fifteen jxiunds weijfht ;
and his misery was thriei; exixised in the market-
place, to solicit the comi)assion of his friends
juid countrymen. At the expiratioi of sixty
days the deht was discharged hy the loss of
liberty or life; the insolvent debtor was, either
|)nt to death or sold In foreiifii Hlavery beyond
the TlUr ; hut If several creclitorH were alike oli-
Ntinatc luid unrelenlliiif, they uiiKlit legally dls-
niemlHr his hody, and satiate their i( venjje hv
this horrid parlillon. The advo( lies for this
I old friend. I
larire. and oi
s.ivap' law have insisli d thai ll must r<tron|(ly
operate In deierrliiK idh iicss and fraiel from
contracllii u' delils which Ihey were niiahht to
disr hari^e ; hut e.\i.' rleiicc woiiM di lipale this
salutary terror, hy proving; that no creditor
could liefniiiid till \act this niiprollt.'ilile penalty
of life or lindi. — (Jiiiiios'm Ho.mi:, ( h. 41.
I'lOO. DEBTS loaled. Viriiiiiimi ('"l„iii/. In
Virginia delils had heiii ((.ntraclc d to he paid in
toliacco . and when the article ro^e in value, in
coii>e(|Uellee of IKlijrli-hj laws restricliiij^ its
liillure, IIk- leuisjalure of Viririnia did not
-•<ruiile to pi i\ ide a remedy, hy eiiactini!; that
" no man need pay inoi'e than two thirds of his
dehi durini; the stint;" and that all credlt<irH
should take '• forty pounds for a hundred." —
Hanciiokt'h lliKT. oi'" L'. S., vol. 1, ( h. (i. '
HOT. DEBTS, Small. Sninnl ''J,„xn,i. [\,vt-
ter to .losepli Simpson, son of an
Your debts in the whole are not
the whole hut a small part is troublesome.
Small delils ai< like small sIkiI ; they are ratllin;^
on e\-ery side. and can seareelv he escaped w itiiout
a Wdun.l ; uri'al debts are like cannon ; of loud
noise, but little daiiizer. You niiisi, therefore,
be enabled to discliMiye petty debts, that you
may have hisure, with secui'ity, tostruii^le with
the' rest. — Hoswki.i.'h .loii.Nso.N, p. 'J\.
I l«*i. DECEIT, Temptation to. )I>ihniiiit.
I'rom enthusiasm to imposture the step is per-
ilous and slijipery ; the (henion of Soi rales af-
fords a memorable iiisianc(t how a wise man
may deceive! hinis('lf, how a ji'ood man may de-
( ('i\i,' others, liiiw the conscience ni.'iy slumber
in a ml.xed and middle slate between self-illusion
and \(iluntary fraud. Charity may believe that
the ori.ijinal niotivi'S of .Mahomet were those of
punr and p'liiiine benevolence ; but a liumaii
niissionary is in(a|>ab|eof eherishiii^r the obsti-
nate unbelievers w ho n et his claim-, despise his
arifumenis, and |icrs( , ute liis life ; he inijrht
orgive his ]iersoiial adversaries, he may lawfully
enemies of (Jod ; the stern passions
iiiil revenp' were kindled in the bosom
let, and he sinh,.,!^ like the iirophet of
for : ic (Icslruetion of the i-ebels whom
ndeinned. — OlifiiON's Ho.Mi;, ch. ."lO.
DECEIT, A timely. Pirsim, Priiu-r.
[Harino.'.an was captured in the surrcndi'r of his
country to Omar the .M<ili.inimeiian.] The Per-
sian comiilained of intoleraiile thirst, but discov-
ered .some apprehension lest he should be killed
while he was drinkinu' a cup of water. " Be
of jrood courai,^'," said the caliph ; " your lifc^
is safi' till you have diuidi this water;" the
crafty sat raj) accepted the; assurance, and in-
stantly dashed the vase a,iz:ainst the irround.
Omar woidd have aveiijred the deceit, hut his
companions re]iresente(l the sanctity of an oath ;
and the speedy conversion of Ilarniu/an entitled
hmi not only to a free pardon, lait e\en to ii
stipend of two thousand pieces uf irold. — GiiJ-
bon'sHome, ch. 51.
1470. DECEITFULNE8S described. Lord
BreadalbuM. [Lord Breadalbanc.a Highland earl
hate the
of jiride
<if .Mahoi
Xinevch
he had ( ■
IIO{».
nECElVER— DEC'Krnox.
175
<vho proft'NHcd Muliiitissiiiri to \\ 'li.ini III., ti»]
<lfMcr{lH.'«l by his citaU'iiiporiiry. .lolm Minky,
"cunning ••>< II liiv wise us ii sitiiciiI ; litil HH
sliplXTV iiH an eel. Iv.sihiit'm H.nu, vol. 5, ( li
1471. DEOEIVER deceived, The, l!o,-h(,>t,i\
l.likliii's III illil iidl like to propuHr liin-ctly to his
i)roth<T-ln-liiw (f.onl Uuclic>>ti'r, tlu^ trciisurcr)
the Hi.mplif clicii I ipostiisy or tlisiiiixMul ; lint
till (lays ,'iflir tii( ■ onfcrcrw f Harillini Wiiilcil
on the li'cuHiii-cr, ami will) iiiin li 'irciiiiilocutioii
and iiiniiy fxprcMsiun - of Irirndly ( uiiccrn, limlv.
till! iiiiplni.siii I Iriilh. " |)i) yon mean," said
Uoj'liolcr, Ih\( ildrrcd liy llic involved and eiTe
inonious plira^eH in wliiili the iniiinatioii was
made, "iImI it' I do not turn Calholie the eon
sequence will he that {shall lose ni\ (i|ae(!?"
" I say nothiiiL^ ahoiil eonse((iiences, answered
the wary diploniatisf " I only come as n friend
to f'M'ress a hope that yon will take ' m-v to keep
your place." " I'wt. suri'ly, said U'- hester,
" thu plain meanini; of ail this is, tl I miisi
turn Catholic or ),'(• out." lie put niiu t[W^
tions for the pinposc of nscertainin^ vliitlur
the commnnicaliiin was made Ity ai ilioriiy, luit
could extort only vaj^ue and niysii lious replies.
At iasl, airecli,,;.:^ a conlldencc which he was far
from fceiin;;, In- declareil that Hariilon must
liavf; been ini[)(ised ujiou hy idle or malicious ic
Jiorls. "1 tell you, ' lie .said, "Ihal Ilic ivini;
will not dismiss me. and 1 will not resign. I
know him ; he know- me ; ami I fear nuhody."
The Frenchman answer^ d that he was ( lnirmed,
that he was ravished lo hear it, and Ihal hisonly
motive for inlcrfcrinf; was a sinccn anxiety for
tli(! prosperity and di^^nity of his excellent frieiul
tlu; treasurer. Ami thus the two slatcsmeii dc-
]iartcd, each Haltering'' himself that he had duped
the other. — .M.vcAii, ay's H.nu., ch. »t, p. 140.
1I7». DECENCY, Regard for. hmir .W .-/„„,
His most intimate friend al tlie uiii' crsily was a
foreiirn clieiiMsl (d' mu( h imle anil skill. ^'' v
ton enjoyed his conversation cxceedini:ly lil,
one day, the Italian told him "a loose si . v il
11 nun," which so nuicli olTcnded his sense of de-
<lciicy that he would never a.ssociale with him
again. — ( '\( i.oi'kdia oi-' Hnui., p. 2.")(i.
l.|r;t. DECEPTION betrays Iteelf. Rlchonl I.
[When Kicliard I. returned from the » rusailc.
■with but 1 few all iidanls. they landed at Ha-
pu.sa] ill the jrnise nf ]pili;rims'; but the hivish-
ness of the kirn,' was .so little in keejiiiur with
bi.s f.ssunied {■haracter, that his real rank was
soon sus])ecte(l. Ill;; was soon after incarce-
rated in prison. ) — Iv^KiUT'sE.NO., vol. 1, ch. '~''J,
p. \m.
147-1. DECEPTION, Day of. ])uii,h I),,,/. .\n
oiitrai^eous scene took i>lace in tlie kiiiLr's pres-
ence between the (lucen-mother and Richelieu,
at the close of which L(aiis I XII I.] (piittcd the
palace without saying a word, and took bis de-
partunt for Versailles. Every one thought the
full of the minister irrevocably certain. . . . The
good news wi's transmitted with pn diiitate joy
to Madrid, Vienn;i, Hru.ssels, iukI Tniin. But
thesound judgment of Louis . . . had conducted
bini meanwliile lo a very dilTerent conclusion.
A message from the king was despatched to
Richelieu. . . . lie hurried to Versailles, was wel-
comed with every mark o. confidence and favor,
and received an assurance from Louis that he
would sleiidily uplndd himiiuaiiist all bisadvcr-
iiricM, woidd lislen to no iiiNltiimtlon lo his prej-
udice, iiiiil would remove from court all who
had II in their power to thwail or injure him.
These cnr\i»us (K'curreiices took place on tho
mil of November, DCU), which has remained fii-
nioiis in Erench history as the " Davi f DupcM. "
- "^ri I)I;m V FitANCK, <h. lit, ^: Id', p. «»m.
1474. DECEPTION jnitifled. l{,i;/>i '■/./•nn.x
II. As, however, ll\e yeais had I'laii-cd siiieo
her last pregnancy [t^iieen Miry's], the people,
under the iiillnenc<' of that dclusioc which
leads men lo lu'lievt what they wish, li i ceasi'd
to entertain any ap|ii'chenHioii Ihal ^h' would
givi' an heir to Ihe throne < >n the . ili< r hand,
noihing seeincil mori' nalural ami pi ImIiIc Ihau
that the .Icsuils slinuld have conli i\ed a pioiirt
fraud. It was eerlain lliai llicy must consider
the acccssidh of the | I'loicsiani | I'rimcss of
Orange i.soiieof the greatest calamllics which
could III ! Ill their <'liuicli. Il w :is eijiially cer-
tain Ihal they would iioi he very scrupulous
:il out doing w lialevcr mlirlil be necessary to
save their chuicji from a great calamity. In
books wrilleii by (in iient members nf the so-
(ill .and liccii.sed b\ iis rulers, il w as disliiictly
laid down that iiicmis cncii more shockiiiLi to
all notions oi iiisiici' and llumallil^ lliaii the ii-
iidduclioii ' -purioiis heir inlou i.imils miuht
uvfiilly l„ rii. ployed I r ends less imiiortaiit
ihaii III ciiiiversioii of a hereliial kingdom, It
had LTol aliroad that some of the king's advisers,
an(lc\eM Ihe I Roman ('atliolic{ kin l'' himself, li; I
meditaled s>'h( iiu-; for defrandinirilic Lady Mary
[ RrinccKs of Oninge ; her huslianil was Mfli r-
ward AV'illiaiTi III. J either wlioll\ .r in part of
her riglitful iiiherilaiKc — Ma( Al i.Av's L.no.,
ch. H, p. '-'S7.
I I7«. DECEPTION, Pleasing. Ahnihum Lin-
ciiUi. (Siicakinu' of seccssj. .n, in (uie of his iiieH-
saee--] occuis the fnlluwing remark: "\\ iib rebel-
lion thus sinidr-cniiltil they have drugged tli<;
iniblic mind." . . . Mr. Defrces, the go\'crn
iiiciit priiilcr, . , . \vas a irood deal disiurlied
liy Ihe us( of the term ' sugar coaled," and
finally wc- to the I'rcsiilent alioiil il fii- lack-
ing digiiil', ). . . . " I )efr'es," replied .Nir, Lin-
coln, "that word expresses ju'ecisely my idea,
and I am not going to clianue il. The time
will ncNcr come in this country when the peo-
ple won't know c.xaclly w iiat nnf/iir-fnticd
means ! " — R.wmonij's Li.ncoi.n, p. 758.
1477. DECEPTION punished. 1), innstln^cit.
[lie had been biihed by llarpalus, and a great
clamor was raised by Ihi' people. | 1 >eniosf iieiies,
seemingly with a design to |iro\e his innocence,
moved for an order tliatr tlic alfair should bu
brought before the court of Areopagus, and all
persons punished who should be found guilty of
taking bribes. In conse(|Uence of which lie aj)
jicarcd before that court, and was one of the tirst
that were convicted. — Pi.i lAltcit.
Ii7«. DECEPTION of Self. Co nnpi r,i I orx.
Their oaths [as .senators] and tlieir profession,^
were nothing to them. If they were entitled to
kill (Ja'sar, they were entitled e(iually to deceivo
liiin. No stronger evidence is needed of the d(!-
nioralization of the Roman Senate than the com-
]>leteness with wdiich they were able to disgui.so
from themselves the ba.seness of their Ireacliery.
One man only they were able to attract into co-
III
^,
-/A
IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)
w.
1.0 1^1^ 1^
=s -^-: lU 1^ 12.2
1^
I.I
£ lis
1.25
1.4
1.6
P
/^
/]
>#
#
^'^*»^
'^'
o
7
Photographic
Sciences
Corporation
93 WEST MAIN STREET
WCKTER.N.Y. 14580
(716) 871-4503
^
^V
:\
(V
\
6^
'^
■IT
mimm
■^*L -^ »lwK, "^^ ,
i:o
DECKPTIOX— DEDK.'ATION.
opcrntiRii who Imd a reputation for honesty, and
couhl lie conceived, without absurdity, to be ani-
mated 1/y II disinterested purpose. [li wasj .Mar-
cus lirutus. — Fuoi dk's C.ksau, eh. ^(i.
1470. DECEPTION, Superstitious. Sacred
Fmrii. Spanus, aeountryiuan,. . . happeninj^ to
fall in with a hind which liad newly yeaned, and
wl'.icii was tlyin^c from the hunter.^, failed in his.
attemjit to take her ; l>ut charnied witji the un-
(H)iuinon color of (h(! fawn, wideli was a perfect
white, he ])ursu(Ml and tootc it. ISy i;ood fortune
8ertorius liad his < .imp in that neiizhhorhood ;
and whatever was iii(,u!iht to hin> taken in lumt-
insir, fir of tin' production of t!ie field, he received
witli pleasure, and returned tlu^ civility with in-
terest. 'I'hf countryman went am' oll'er'.'d him
the fawn. He received this ])resei!t like the rest,
and at first took no extraordinary notice of it.
|}ut in time it liecaim.' so tractable and fond of
liim, that it would come when he called, follow
him niierever he went, and learned to bear the
liurry anil tumult of the; cami). IJy little and
little he broui,dit the jx'ople to belic^ve there wa.s
."ometliinj; sacred and mysterious in the affair,
givinu; it out that the fawn was a f^ift from Di-
ana, and that it di.scoveredtohini many important
secrets. For he knew the natural power of super-
stition over the minds of the barbarians. In ptw-
suanee of his scheme, when the enemy was n)ak-
in<^ a private irruption into the country under liis
command or persuadini^ some city tu revolt, lu;
pretended the fawn hacl appeared to him in a
dream, and warned him to have his forces ready.
And if he had intelligence of .some victory gained
by his otticers, he used to conceal the messenger,
and ]iroduced the fawn crowned with flowers for
it-s good ti<lings, bidding the people rejoice and
sacrifice to the gods, on account of some news
they would soon hear. — PLfTAUCii's 8i:UTo-
KIIS.
14i0. DECISION, Final. lt>ihicon. When Ju-
lius ("a'sar arrived at the banks of the l{ul)icon,
which divid(!S Cisalpine Gaul from the rest of
Italy, his reflections became more interesting in
proportion as the danger grew near. Staggered
by the greatness of his attempt, he stopped to
weigh within himself its inconveniences ; and as
he stood revolving in silence the arguments on
l)oth sides, he many times changed his opinion.
After which he deliberated upon it with such of
his friends as were bj', among whom was Asinius
Pollio ; enumerating the calamities which the
passage of that river would bring upon the world,
and the reflections that might be made upon it by
posterity. At last, upon some sudden impid.se,
l)idding adie\i to Ids reasonings, and plunging
into the abyss of futiu'ity, in the words of those
who embark in doubtful and arduous entcr])ri,ses,
hecriedout, "Thedieis (.ast !" and innnediately
passed the river. — Plit.vijch's C.Ks.vit.
14WI. . Iliibiron. The boundary
which separates Italy from (Msalpine Gaid is "a
small river named tlu! Rubicon. The Roman
Senate, aware of the designs of Ctp.sar, had pro-
nounced a decree devoting to the infernal gods
whatever general should presume to pass this
boundarj' with an army, a legion, or even a single
cohort. Ctesar, who, with aH his ambit'on, in-
herited a large share of the benevolent affections,
did not resc' /e on the decisive step which he liad
now taken without some compunction of nund.
Arrived with his army at the border of his prov-
ince, ho hesitated for ".some time, while ht^pictur-
e 1 to himself the inevitiiblc miseries of that civil
war in which he was now preparing to unoheath
the sword. " If I ])ass this small stream," said he,
" in what calamities must I involve my country !
Yet if I do not 1 myself am ruined." The latter
consideration was too powerfid. Ambition, too,
liresented allurements which, to a nund like C'a'-
sar's, were irresistible. — TvTi-icit's Hist., Book
4, eh. 2.
1 IS2. DECISION, Lacking. Charh-H T. [At
the battle of >ia.scl)y thi' king was totally defetited
l)y Fairfa.v and Cromwell.] On this field the i)as-
sionafe Ruiicrt, as at Marsfon, suppo.sed that ho
had won the day, and, thinking Ihe victory nil
his own, he clove his way back to the s])ot whcro
the poor helpless king was cheering his dismay-
ed troopers. Indeed, we can almost weep as we
hear that cry from the king : " One charge more,
gentlemen ! One charge more, in the name of
God ! and the day is ours." He nlaeed himself
at the head of the troo])ers, and a thou.sand of
them prepared to follow him. One of his cour-
tiers snatched his bridle, and turned him from
the path of honor to that of despair. " Why,"
says one writer, "was there no hand to strike
that traitor to the ground ?" Alas ! if tlie king's
own hand could not strike that traitor to the
groimd, was it possible that another's could ?
Who would have dared to have tidten Crom-
well's bridle at such a moment ? And so, at the
battle of Na.seby, the crown fell from the king's
head and the sceptre from his hand, and he was
henceforth never more in any sense a king.
Poor king ! " Who will bring me," cried he in
despair, " this Cromwell, dead or alive f Alas !
your maicsty, who? — Hood's Cuomwell, ch.
10, p. 13.1.
14§3. DECOEUM in Debate. American Ind-
innH. If his elocpienee pleased, they esteemed him
a god. Decorum was never broken [in Indian
as.semblies]. There were never two speakers
.struggling to anticipate each other ; they did not
e.xpre.ss tlieir spleen by blo\vs ; they restrained
pas.sionate invective ; the debate was never dis-
turbed by an uproar ; questions of order were
unknown. — Banchoft's U. S., vol. 3, ch. 22.
14§4. DECORUM, Ministerial. Samvel John-
sun. Johnson's profound reverence for the hier-
archy made him expect from bishops the high-
est degree of decorum ; he was offended even
at their going to taverns. " A bishop," said he.
" has nothing to do at a tippling hou.se. It is not
indeed immoral in him to go to a tavern ; neither
woul('. it b(! immoral in him to whip a top
in Giosvenor Square; but if he did, I ho]ie
the boys woidd fall upon him, and apply the
whip to him. There are gradations in con-
duct ; there is morality, decency, and projiriety.
None of these shoidd be violated by a bishop."
— BoswEiii.'s JoiiNsox, p. 4r)3.
14§5. DEDICATION changed. Bihlia Tolyqlnt-
in. It is to his immortal honor that the " Biblia
Polyglolta Waltonia," perhaps the mo.st impor-
tant and valuable biblical book ever issued by
the Briti.sh press, owed the existence of its gigan-
tic volumes to Cromwell. . . . Cromwell assisted
in defraying the expenses in publishing it, and
admitted five thousand reams of paper free of
duty, and so saved the author from loss by its
DEDICATION— DEFEAT.
I 1 I
piil)licati()n. It was iMitilislicd during tlic Pro-
IcctonitL' and dedicated to Cromwell. But,
its mean and dastardly compiler, niton the retmn
iif Cliarli!8 Htuart, erased the (ledication to the
man \vho liad so siihstantially aided liim, and
inserted that of the kinj;. who cared neither I'oi
tli(! project, its scholarshij), nor the Bii)le. —
IIo()o"rt Cu().m\m;i.i., ch. 1"), p. 2()t).
IIWO. DEDICATION, The true. Clnirrh. [Cel-
ehratinij the anniversai'v of the con'secration of
the (^asHe Cimrcli of Wittenheri:.] Not lonir
thereafter the; same Au^jiistinian moid< that, had
nailed the l..atin theses to tlie church d.;or stood
in the pulpit and preached ui)<)n the festival tu.\t,
Luke 1!) : 1, etc., which records the history of
Zacciieu.s. Reverently did the con;j;regation li.st-
cn to the simpl'j, calm, and heartfelt .sermon of
llie Augu.stinian monk. " Christ must hecomi!
everythiii<^ to us," he said ; " and unto those to
whom Christ is something, all else will he notii-
ing. He mu.st be .sought with a heart which,
with a feeling of its unworthine.ss, does not dare
to invite llim, but which, for that very reason,
most urgently iniiilores His presence. Suc^h a
request, coming from the heart, God will grant.
Thu.s He would have our hearts. And thus every
fea.st of dedication should not be merely an out-
ward consecratioa of a church, but rather a con-
secration of the heart unto God." — Rein's Lt:-
TIIEH, ch. 1, p. 8.
14S7. DEFAMATION punished. Jnmei> IT.
James, a short time before his accession, had in-
stituted a civil suit against Gates [tho infamous
impostor and Irai'ucer] for defamatory words,
and a jury had given damages to the enormous
amount of .£100,000. The defendant had been
taken in exee>.tion, and was lying in prison as a
debtor, without hope of release. — Macaulay's
Eng., ch. 4, p. 448.
14§§. DEFEAT, Beginning with. Ahrahrnn
Lincoln. He esjxju.sed the cause of Henry Clay
. . . and ran as a candi<late for the State leg-
islature. . . . Mr. Lincoln was defeated, &:i he
undoubtedly expected to be, although his fail-
ure must have been amjily compen.sated by the
highly complimentary vote that lie received in
his own precinct, which gave him two hundred
and seventy-seven votes out of two hundred and
eighty-four cast ; and this, be it remembered,
was the tir.st and last time that he was ever beaten
by the people. — Ravmoxd's Lincoi.n, ch. 1.
14§9. DEFEAT, Brilliant. Napoleon I. [He
tied to Paris after the <lefcat at Waterloo.]
Throwing him.self upon a sofa, he ex<-laimed,
. . . " Aly most brilliant victories do not shed
more glory on the French army than the defeat
at Waterloo. Our troops have not been beaten ;
they have been sacrificed, ma.s.sacre(l, by over-
whelming numbers. . . . I desire to i)e alone."
— Abbott's Napoleon B., vol. 2, ch. 27.
1490. DEFEAT concealed. Snmmi Johnmn.
Johnson could uot brook appearing to be worst-
ed in argument, even when he had taken the
wrong side, to show the force and dexterity of
his talents. When, therefore, he perceived that
his opponent gained ground, he had recourse to
some sudden mode of robust sophistry. Once,
when I was pressing upon him with visible ad-
vantage, he stopped me thus : " My dear Bos-
well, let's have uo more of this ; you'll make
nothing of it. I'd rather have you whistle a
Scotch tune." — Bohwei-l's Johnson, p. 404.
1491. DEFEAT, Difficult. Cirnnr. Cirsar was
never defeated when personally present, .sav(^
onc(t at (iergovia, and once at Dura/./.o ; and the
failure at Gergovia wa;< cau.sed by the revolt of
the /Ediii ; and the manner in which the fi.iluro
at Dura/.zo was retrieved showed Ca'.sar's great-
ness more than the most brilliant of his \iciories.
He was rash, but with a calculated ri;shness,
which the cent never failed to justify. His
greatest successes were due to the rapidity of his
movements, which brought him on the enemy
befon^ they heard of his approach. He travelled
.sometimes a hundred miles a day, reading or
writing in his carriage, through countries with-
out roads, and cro.ssing rivers without bridges.
No obstacles stojiped him when he had a delinite
aim in view. — Fuoude's C^esau, ch. 28, p. 71.
1492. DEFEAT inspiring. Ihinlrr Hill. The
battle of Bunker Hill rather inspired th.'in dis-
coiu-aged the colonists. It was seen that the
Britisii soldiers were not invincible. To capture
a few more hills would cost General Gage his
whole army. The enthusiasm of war spread
throughout the country. The news was homo
rapidly to the South, and a .spirit of determined
opposition was everywhere aroused. The peoplfr
began to si)eak of the United Colonies of Amer-
ica. At Charlotte, North Carolina, the citiz.ens
ran together in a hasty convention, and startled
the country bv making a declaration of Indepen-
dence ! The British ministers had little dreamec'
of raising such a storm. — Ridpatii s U. S.,
ch. 38, p. 301.
1493. DEFEAT, Instruction by. Peter the
Great. Charles [XII. of Sweden] left the de-
fence of Riga to a valiant old Swedi.«li general,
who succeeded in holding it, and marched him-
self to meet the czar with 20,000 troops. Never
was victory more sudden, more easy, or more
complete than that which these 20,000 Swedes
wo./ over the great mob of Russians led by Peter.
The czar escaped with but 40,000 men. ["Charles
was then only in the seventeenth year of his age. "
— Tyti.kh.] From that defeat the military great-
ness of Ilu.s.sia was born. " I know well," said
the czar, as he was in retre.it, "that these Swedes
will beat us for a long time; ; but, at last, they
will teach us how to conquer." And so it prov-
ed ; for from that day Peter began the mighty-
work of drilling his half-savage hordes into
soldiers — a work which is still going on, though
great progress has been made in it. The Russian
]icople attributed their defeat to sorcery and
witchcraft, and we have still the jirayer which
Avas addres.se(l to St. Nicholas on this occasion
in all their churches. —CvcLoi'EUiA ok Bioo.,
p. 436.
1494. DEFEAT, Mortification of. General Mimt-
c(dni. [He was defeated at (iuehei , and mortally
wounded.] On hearing from the surgeon that
death was certain — " I am glad of it," he cried ;
"how long shall I survive f "Tenor twelve
hours, perhaps less." " So much the better ; I
shall not live to see the surrender of Quebec."
— Banchoft's U. S., vol. 4, ch. 14.
1495. DEFEAT, Overwhelming. Bonaparte.
[Bonaparte invaded Russi-v, with an !.rmv of
more than 600,000 men ; lie was driven back by
178
DEFKAT— DKFOIJMITV.
in \i
till- (Icstniclldii ul' iill si.,;pll('s iiml the tii)pr(m(li
of nil curly \viiil('i'. 'I'lic I'clrcal Ik'ciiiiic a rout.)
Tlic iirlillcrT iiml cinalry •rascil to cxisi. 'I'lic
(lilfcrcnt n'^iimcnts were all niixfd together, the
sol(licr.-i uiarcliiiiu' pell iiicll, and only sccUinn to
])roloni;t'.\is(cn(('. 'I'lioiisandsoi' wander! n;; men
iVil into till' hands of the CossackM. Tlic iiu'dicr
ot'tli(( i)rison('rs was very ;;r('at, liiit that of the
dead exceeded it. Dnrinir a month there were
no rations, and dead horses were the oidy I'e-
source. Of KMl.tMM) Frenchmen who had crossed
till' Niemcn in .May. witii the persuasion of their
invincihjlity, not ','(>, 000 had returned tothcN'is-
lula. — KNiiiirr's Kno., vol.7, ch. HO, p. TmO.
I I0«. DEFEAT, Service of, IhiU nmi. The
rout |of the I'nion ainiyj at liuil linn had the
clVi'ct to ([nickcn (he encrtjies of llic North, and
Iroojts were rapidly hurried to \Vashin,t;ton. 'I'he
aired (Jeneral Scott . . . retired from active duly,
and [youmj,! (Seneral ^Ic^'li'l'i'n was called from
AVest Vir.ijinia lo take command of the Army of
the Potomac. I?y the middle of Oeloher his
forces had increa.sed to l."iO,000 men. — Uid-
I'ATii's r. S., ch. (m, p. -I!)l.
I Iftr. DEFECTS covered. IVrirhn. [Tcricles.
tlie Athenian statesman, o'ltaincd .urcat renown. |
His jicrson in other respects was well turned, hut
Ills head was disproportioiially lonij. For this
rcas(.n almost all liis statues Iiavc tlic Iiead <'ov-
cred with ii hclnu't, the statuaries choosini;'. I
suppose, to liide Iliikl defect. — Pi.iT.^ucn's
l'i;iiu'i.Ks.
IIOS. DEFENCE a Bondage, luilh.j V,'v<>n,i.
[Constantine defeated many thousand Italians
undi'r Fom])eianus. I They wanted chains for
so jjreat a nndtitnde of cajitives ; and the whole
couiu'il was at a loss ; hut thcsatracacvis con(iiier-
or imagined the happy cx])edient of convertinsj
into fettiTsthc swords of the vancjuisbed. — Nutk
IN GiiuioNs Ko.MK, ch. 54.
1-IOft. DEFENCE, Brave. Count Gemntuiit.
Geronlius, abandoned by lii.s own troops, es-
c'ai)cd to the confines of Spain, ami rescneti hi.s
name from oblivion by the Itonian couraiiio
■which appeari'd t(i animate the la.st momehts of
Lis life. In the middle of the niuht a great body
of his jiertidious soldiers surrounded and attack-
ed his house, wliich he had .strongly barricaded.
His wife, a valiant friend of the nation of the
Alani, and some faithful slaves, were still attach-
ed to his person ; and he u.sed, with so nuich
skill and resolution, a large magazine of tlarts
and arrows, that above HOO of the assailants lost
tlu'ir lives in the attempt. — Giubon's Komk,
ch. 31.
1500. DEFENCE declined. Chiirhx I. Th-
act of accusation was read to him, drawn uj) after
the customary fornnda, in which the wcrils
traitor, nnuderer, and i)ublic enemy were, as
usual, freely api>lied bv the coiKpiering to the
ViUKiuislied party. He listenedto them unmoved,
with the cidm siiperic.rity of innocence. Deter-
miued not to degrade the inviolable ma,]esty of
kings, of wnicli he conceived himself the deposi-
tary and responsible representative, he replied
that he would nt-ver stoop to justify himself be-
fore a self-elected tribunal of his own subjects — a
tribunal which the religion as well as the laws of
England eqiniUy forbaile him to acknowledge.
"I shall leave to God," said he, in conclusion,
" the care of my defence, lest by an.iwering I
shoidd acknowledge in you an authority whicli
has no better fiiundation than that of rol))>ersaii(l
pirates, and thus draw on my memory lh(! ro-
proa>h of posterity, that I ha(l my.self betrayed
the <M)nslilution ol the country, instead of select-
ing the most estiniidile .and cnvial)le fate of a
martyr." — L.\M.\itTiNi;'s Ciio.MW i;i,i,, p. Vi.
1501. DEFENCE, A frail. Wntn-loo. [At the
battle of Waterloo soincof the lOngiish were pro-
tected by a garden-wall enclosing about two acres
of ground and including a small house. I It Is
sca''ceiy an exaggeration lo say "this Ilelgiaii
yeoman's gardeii-widl was the safeguard of Eu-
rope, and the destiny of maidvind peihai)s turn-
ed ujion the possession of his house." — Jjoiiii
Di in.KV, IN KMtinTs Emi., vol. W, ch. 2, p. 33.
1504. DEFENCE, Heroic. Im Uorlulh'. Tho
defeiie(! of \m IJochelle was protracted for lifteeii
months, and it was not till half the popiilatioit
had perished from hungei', and scarcely a hun-
dred and tifty .soldiei's of the garrison remain-
ed alive, that the survivors consented to capitu-
late on the -JSlh of October, 10:.'H.— .Sti :i)i:NTs'
FiiANch:, ch. I!», ^ S, ]). ;!!(().
I50:i. DEFENCE, Patriotic, llidhnul. Tho
national s|>irit swelled and ro.se high. The terms
olVered by the allirs were lirinly rejecte<l. The
dikes W('re opened. The whoh; country was
one great lake, from which the cities, with their
rami)arts and steeples, ros(^ like Islands. The in-
vaders were forced to save themselves from de-
struction by a precipitate retreat. — Mac.vl'i.ay's
EN(i., ch. 2, p. L'or).
1 50.1 , DEFENCE, A savage. B a h y I o n i n n .i.
The 15abylonians were the lirst of the provinces
wliich endeavored to shake off the yoke of serv-
itude ; but their attempt cost them extremely
dear. Darius encircled IJabylon with his army
so as to cut oil all supplies from the adjacent
coinitry. The inhabitants exerted a .savage res-
olution. All who were u.sele.ss for the defence
of th<! city, and .served only to consume its pro-
vision.s — the women, the old men, and the chil-
dren — were strangled by a public decree, each
head of a family being allowed to preserve one
of his wives and a maid-servant. — Tytlek's
Hist., Book 1, ch. 11.
1505. DEFIANCE, Challenge of. William,
Prinre of Orinif/<\ [About to invade England
and mount the throne.] In the evening he arrived
at Helvoetsluj's, and went on board of a frigate
called the Brill. His tiag was immediately hoist-
ed. It ilisplayed the arms of Na.s.sau (luartered
with thcKse of England. The motto, embroidered
ill letters three i'eet long, was happily chosen.
The house of Onuige had long u.sed the ellipti-
cal device, " I will maintain." The ellipsis wiis
now filled uji with words of high import, " The
liberties of J']ngland and the Protestant religion."
— Macai:i.,\v's En(!., ch. 4, j). 438.
1500. DEFORMITY forgotten. Thackeray.
AVheii he was in America he met at dinner a lit-
erary gentleman of high character, middle-aged,
and most dignilied deportment. The gentleman
was one whose character and acquirements stood
verv high — deservedly so — but who in society
ha(l that air of wrapping his toga around him,
which adds, or is supposed to add, many cubits
to a man's height. But he had a broken nosa
I)K(}|:NKHA('V— DEITY
17!)
At. (liiim r lie talked much of llic tfiidcr piissioii,
iiiid (lid so ill II iii'iiiiicr wiiicli stirred up 'riiiiei^-
«:niy's t'eeliiiir ,,1' |||(' ridieilJoilM. " Wiiiit lias tiie
voiid ((line Ik, ' said 'riiaeiteniy, out, loud to the
talile, " when two lirokeii nosed old Coiiies like
vou and ine sit tulkin;^; aliout love to each other !"
riie !.r(iilleinan was astounded, and could only
Kit \vra|>|iinif his toj;a in silent dismay tor the
rest (it ilie ev(!iiiim:. — Tuoi.i.oi'io's 'l"ii.\( kiokay,
«'h. 'J.
1507. DEGENERACY, Athenian. Jhs/i/s,,!. The
Athenians arc , . . dislinfiiiished l)y the sulitlcty
1111(1 acutcness of their undcrstandin,i;s ; hut these
(|ualitii's. )ml(;ss cnnohled liy freedom and eii-
]i,!,dilenc(l liy study, will (le^^'nerat(! into a low
and sellish cunnin,!^ ; and it is a proverbial say-
ing of the country, " From the .lews of 'I'hcssa-
lonicii, the Turks of Nej,''n)pont, and the (Jreeks
of Athens, ffood Ijord, deliver us !" IJy some,
who (leliLrht ill the contrast, the modci'ii lanf^-uaue
of Athens is represented as the most corrupt and
barharo\is of the .seventy dialects of the vul^^ar
(il'cek ; this jiicturc is too darkly colored ; hut
it Would not he easy, in the counli-y of I'latoand
JK'iuostheiics, to find a reader or a co|)y of their
works. 'I'lu! Athenians walk with sui)ine indif-
iVrence amoiiff the ;,dorious ruins of anli(piity ;
und such is (Ik; d('l)asemcnt. of their charact('r,
that llieyar(! incapahh; of admiring- tin; ^renins
of their prcdecH'.s.soi's. — (Jiuhon's I(o.mk, ch. (i:i.
1 50!*. DEGENERACY, National. A' // // 1 a ii il,
1775, I Heiijamin Fraiikliii left- lOn^dand for his
native country in 177"), (liprccatini,^ an}' further
attempt to restore unitcn interests hetween tlu^
mother country and her colonies, lie writes ;|
When I consider tilt! e.\tremccorru])tion prevail-
infj: anion,!!; all order.s of men in the old rotten
Stiite, and the fflorious public virtut; so jiredom-
iiiaiit in our risinj? couiitry, I cannot but appre-
hend more mii^chi(!f than beiietit from a closer
union. Here numberless and needlesf) jilaces,
enormous salaries, pensions, penjuisites, hritics,
groundless (juarrels, foolish expeditions, fal.se
accounts or no accounts, contracts and jol)s, de-
vour ail ri'venue, and i)ro(iuc(; c:ontinual neces-
sity in the midst of natural plenty. — Ivnkjut's
En(;., vol. G, ch. 23, p. '.WS.
150». DEGRADATION, National. Ilunf/an-
071,1. Except the merit and fame of military
prowess, all that is valued by mankind appeared
viU^ and contemptible tothe.se barbarians, who.sc
Dative fierceness was stimulated by the con-
sciousness of numbers and freedom. The tents
of the Ilunirarians wt^-eof le.ither, their .liarments
of fur ; tliey .shaved their liair and .scarified tlieir
faces ; in s|)eech they were slow, in action prompt,
in treaty perfidious; and they shared the com-
jnon reproach of barbarians, too iujnorant to
conceive the inip()rtaiic(! of truth, too proud to
deny or ])alliate the breach of their most solemn
engairemeiits. Their sinipli(^ity has been praised,
vet they alistained only froiii tin; luxury they
Lad never known ; whatever tliey .saw they cov-
eted ; their desires were insatiate, and their sole
industry was the liand of violence and rapine. —
GniBON'S Uo.MK, ch. .'),").
1510. DEGRADATION and Poverty. Irelinid.
[Young, in his " Tour in Ireland," says :] Mark
the Irishman's potato-bowl i)laced on the floor,
the whole family on their hams around it, de-
vouring a quantity almost incredible ; the beg-
g.ar.seating himself to il with a hearty welcome ;
the pi;r taking his shan; as readily as the wife ;
the cocks, hens, lurkey><, geese, the cur, the cat
— and all partaking of the same dish. [The mud
hovel of one room blinds the family with it.s
smoke, and their clothing is so ragge(l that \\
stranger is impressed with the idea of universal
poverty. Date 177ti. )— K NKiii'rs lvN(i., vol. 7,
cii. a, 1.. ;(:{,
1511. DEGRADATION, Social, iriah. \\n
l.")!»:i S|>encer described the degradation of th(!
Irish cabin as it continued for two hundred and
fifty years after. " Rather swine sties than
hou.ses" — these dwellings of abject poverty l)eing
the chicfest cause of the poor cult ivatoc'sl beastly
milliner of life and savag(^ condition, lying and
living with his be;ist, in one house, in one ro((m,
in one lied— that is, clean straw or a foul dung-
hill.— K.nkiiit's I;n(i., vol. :{, <h. IH, I). -M).
15 1 i2. DEITY, Belief in the. (•'irninm. From
the foregoinir brief account of th(! diflerent sect.4
or .schools of ()hilosophy in (Jreece, I shall dravv
only two rellections : the oik; is, that with ii
very few cxc('ptions, and more |>articularly that
of the sect 1,'isl mentioned, amid all the errors
incident to the mind unenlightened by revealed
religion, the reason of mankind has, in all ages,
looked up to a su|)reine, intelligent, and omnipo-
tent IJciiig — tiie Author of our existence — the
Creator and the; (Jovernor of the universe — li
belief which forces itself upon the most unculti-
vated understanding, and which the advance-
ment of the intellectual powers tends always to
strengthen and continn. The other reflect ion is,
that from tlu; great variety and opposition of
those .systems wliicli we have (iuumcratedof the
(Jreek iihilosophers, w(' may perceive among
that jieople a liberal spirit of toleration in matters
of o])inion, which stopped short at absolute ir-
religion and im])iety ; and a freedom of .iudg-
nient in all matters of philoso|)hi('aI spetMilation,
wliich did honor to their national charact(.'r an(l
the genius of their legislative systems. — Tyt-
i.KU's Hist., Hook 2, ch. 9.
1513. DEITY concealed. Aurient Italians.
These gods were termed Piitvil and Indir/iUn, but
their jiarficular names were concealed with the
most anxious caution from the knowledge of
tlu! jieojile. It was a very prevalent superstitiou.s
belief that no city could be taken or destroyed
fill its tutelar gods abandoned it. Hence it wa.s
the first care of a besieging enemy to evoke the
gods of the city or entice them out i)y (;erenio-
nies, liy promising them superior temjiles and
festivals, and a more respectful worship than
they had hitherto en.joyed ; but in order to ac-
complish thisevocation, it was necessary to learn
the particular names of the deities, which every
peojile therefore was interested t(j keep secret. —
Tyti,1':k's Hist., Book ;J, ch. 1.
151 J, DEITY subjugated. Turinni^. [When
Al.'xander the Great l)esiegcd the Tyriaiis] ho
had a dream, in which he saw Hercules offering
him his hand from the wall, and inviting him to
enter. And many of the Tyrians dreamed
that Apollo declared he would go over to
Alexander, because he was displeased with their
behavior in the town. Hereupon tlie Tyrians,
as if the god had been a deserter taken in the
fact, loaded his statue with chains, and nailed
the feet to the pedestal, not scrupling to call
1,^11
ISO
I)i:.Ii;(TI()N-I)KMSI()N.
liiin ill! Alrxiiiulrixl. — PMrAiicii's Ai.kxan-
DKlt.
1515. DEJECTION, Mental. M';i!i,i,ii Pitt.
fWilliiiiii I'ilt i){)sscssc(l very tVchIc liciiltli in
his old n\tv ; liis imciiIii! |inislr!ili<iii wiis very
/.Tciil. His conditioi, is thus (Icscrihcd :| Loril
Cimthimrs siulc of hcallh is certainly the lowest
dejiclion and deliilily that iiiiiid or body eun lie
in. Jlesits all llu^ day leaninLif on his liaiids,
which he sii|)iu)rls on the lalile ; does not ])er-
mit any person to remain in the room ; knocks
when \\v, wants anylhinij; ; and havinir made his
wants known, ^ives u sii^nal, without sl)eakin,l,^
1o th(^ ])ers()n who answers his call, to retire.
[Pitt had ,i,n'eatly dama,i,''ed his po))nlarity as llu;
"idol of the iH'opli!" li\' receiving his title and
pension from the kin;;, they beinsi i'llerpreted
as the price of his freedom. The " (treat Com-
moner" was also a \i\\';\\ sulTcrtjr from the ;jont.
Wounded i)ri(h; and a diseased l)ody threw him
into ii state of melancholy.] — Knioht's E.no.,
vol. 6, ch. 18, p. 288.
1516. DELAY, Dangerous. Atrhiax. [On the
Bame ni,i;ht iii which he was as.sa.ssinated hy
conspirators there arrived an express] from
Athens with a letter from Arihias, hi_i,di-priest
there, to Arrhias hi.s namesake and jiartieular
fiiend, not tilled with vain and groundless sur-
niise.s, but containing a clear narrative of the
whole affair, as was found afterward. The
messenger, being admitted to Archias, and now
almost intoxicated, as he delivered the letter
said : " The person who sent this desired that it
might 1)0 read immediately, for it contains bu.si-
ness of great importance." But Archias receiv-
ing it, ,siud, smiling, " BimncHH t/)-)norrow." Then
he put it under the bolster of his couch, and re-
Kuned the conversation with Philidas. This
Baying, IhmneKs 0>-))n>nwr, pas.sed into a prov-
t-rb, iuid continues so among the Greeks to this
day. — Pi.UTAitcii's Pelopidas.
1517. DELAY, Providential. Ti-rdn. A great
agitation had arisen in tlie country in regard to
the republic of Texas. From 1831 to 18:56 this
Vitst territory, lying between Louisiana and Mex-
ico, had been a i)rovince of the latter country.
For a long time it had been the policy of Sjiain
ftnd Mexico to keep Texas uninhabited, in order
that the vigorous race of Americans nught not
I'ncroach on the Mexican borders. At last, how-
ever, a large land-grant was made to Moses
Austin, of C'onnecticut, on condition that he
Avould settle three hundred American families
within the limits of his domain. . . . Thus the
foimdation of Texas Mas laid by peoj^le of the
English race. — Kidi'atu's U. S.,ch. 5(5, p. 44.').
15 IS. DELIVERANCE from God. Orlmnx.
[When Attila besieged < )r!eans] the assaults of
the Huns wen; vigorously rc[)elled liy the faith-
ful valor of the .soldiers, or citizens, who de-
fended the place. The jiastoral diligence of
Anianus, a bishop of primitive sanctity andcon-
simimate jirudence, exliausted every art of relig-
ious i)olicy to sujiport their courage till the
arrival of the expected succors. After lui ohsti-
nate siege the walls were shaken by the !)atteriiig-
rams ; the Huns had already occupied the sub-
urbs ; luid the peojile who were incapable of
bearing arms lay prostrate in prayer. Anianus,
who anxiously counted the days and hours, de-
spatched a trusty messenger to observe, from
the ramiiart, tiie lace of thcdislant counlry. He
rcliuMicd twice, without any intcliigen<'e that
could inspire; hope; or comfort ; but in his third
report he menlionc<l a small cloud, which he
iiad faintly desci'ied at the extremity of tht!
liori/.on. " It is the aid of (Jod !" txclaimed
tiie bishoi), in a tout; of ])ious contidence ; and
the whole multitude ri'iieated after him, " It is
ll.i' aid of (iod." TIk; remote object, on which
c'cry eye was tixcd, becanKicach moment larger
and more distinct ; the Koman and (iothic ban-
ners were gra<lually perceiv d ; and a favorable
wind blowiiig aside the dust, discovered, in deep
array, the impatient s(piadrons of vEtins and
Theodoric, who iiressed forward to tin; relief of
Orleans. — (Jinito.N's Komi:, ch. lio.
i5i». DELIVERANCE, Strange. Cijil. Cook.
It was w hilt; sailing about Australia that the En-
deaxor had a most strange and narrow escape
from destruction. She .struck a rock one day
with great force, but immediately lloated off :
imd although she leaked badly, the crew man-
aged to keep her afloat until they reached h
harbor. What was their astonishment, on dock
ing the ship, Ut find a large rock stuck in the cav
ity, which alone had kept her from going down
— (Jvciopkoia ok 15u)(i., p. ;W2.
15aO. DELUSION, Disastrous. friiHadn-K. [.St.
Lewis IX. of France titled out the last crusade. J
Unfortunately, in (he delirium of a fever, ho
fancied that ho had re( eivcd a .summons from
heaven to take u]) the cross against the infidels ;
and neither the return of his rea.son, the entreaties
of his (pieen, nor the remon.stninces of hiscoui-
sellors could divert him from that fatal project,.
He employed four years in preparing for the e\-
]»edition, and set out with his queen, his three
l)rothers and their wives, and all the knights of
France, with a ])rodigious number of their vas-
sals and attendants. . . . Half of their immense
army perished by .sickness, and the otlier half
was defeated by Almoadin, the son of Melecsida.
Lewis himself, with two of his brothers, was
taken prisoners, and the third was killed in the
engagement. Lewis offered 1,()00,0(K) of bo-
sants in gold for the ransom of Inniself and his
fellow-iirisoners ; and such was the uncommon
generosity (tf this infidel prince, that he remitted
to him a fifth jmrl of the sum. — Tytleu's Hist. ,
Book (5, ch. 1!).
1521. DELUSION, OpticaL JdaiuJ. The peo-
])le of the Canaries were long luider a singu-
lar o])tical delusion. They imagineil that, from
time to time, they beheld a vast island to the
westward, with lofty mountains and deej) val-
leys. >'(ir was it seen in cloudy and dubious
w 'ither, but in tho.se clear days common to trop-
ical climates, and with all the distinctness with
winch distant objects may be discerned in their
l)ure, transi)arent atmos])here. The island, it in
true, was only .seen at intervals, while at other
times, .and in (he clearest weather, not a vestige
of it was (o 1)0 descried. When it did appear,
however, it was always in (he same jilace, an(l
under (he same form. So ])ersuaded were (ho
inhabi(an(s of tho Canaries of its reality, that
application was made to the King of Portugal
for permi.s.sion to discover and take posses.sion of
it ; and it actually became the object of several
expeditions. — luvixti'.s Colv.muus, ch. 4
DELUSION— DEPENDENCE.
181
15a*i. DELUSION, Political. Slump Tar. a.d.
17<1">. Every ajjcnt in Eiij,M:m(l believed tiiestiiiiii)
lux would 1)0 i>eiieeul)ly levied. Not one " iniii r-
iiied IIk oloiiies would tliiiik of (lis]nitiiii,' the
mutter with I'lrlianicut at the ])oiiit of the
t<word." "It i.'Uiur duty to sultniil" had heen
the words of Otis. . . . Franklin . . . never
(louhlini; thai it would /,'() into eirect. . . . Still
less did tlw! stalesnien of En;;land doulil the re-
Hult. — B.wtuoi' r'.H r. S., vol. "), eh. 1 1.
152:1. DELUSIONS, Popular. F,riHin<l<> ,1,'
S"/". Il had ever tieen lielieved that the depths
of the ciintinent at tiie north concealed cities as
ina^niticeiit, and temples as ricldy endowed as
any which had yet liecn plundered within the lim-
itsof tlie t' ,)pi('s. Soto desired to rival t-'ortcz in
iriory, and surpass Pi/arro in wealth. . . . II(!
demanded permission to contjuer Florida at his
own cost; .'nd.C'li'irk's V. readily conceded. —
Banckokt's Hist, ok U. S., vol. 1, cli. 2.
152 S. DEMAGOGUE, Changeful, llm/" "f
Chorlt'H IT. [He was a Cabinet minister.] IJuck-
inj;ham was a sated man of pleasure, who had
turned to ambition as to a pastime. As he had
tried to amuse himaolf witii architecture and nm-
sic, with writing farces and with .seeking for tho
])hiloso])licr's stone, so he now tried toamu.se liim-
sclf with a .secret negotiation and a Dutcli war.
He had already, rather from fickleness and love
of novelty tlian from any deep design, been faith-
less to every party. At one time lie had ranked
among the Cavaliers. At another time warrants
had been out again.st him for maintaining a trea-
sonable correspondence with the remains of the
Republican party in the city. He was now again
a courtier, and was eager to win the favor of tlie
king. — >Iacai;i,ay'h Eno., ch. 2, p. 199
1535. DEMAGOGUE Class. Rome. Etruriawas
full of Sylla's disbanded soldiers, who had S([uan-
dercd their allotments, and were iianging about,
imoccupied and starving. Catiline .sent down
Manlius, tlieir old ofHcer, to collect as many as
he could of them without attracting notice. He
Jiim.self, as the election da}' approached, and
Cicero's year of otHce was drawing to an end,
took up the character of an aristocratic deina-
gogiic, and asked for the sull'rages of the jicople
as the chamiiion of the poor against the rich, as
the friend of the wretched and o])pressed ; and
tlio.so who ihouglit them.selves wretched and op-
l)ressed in Rome were so hirge a body, and ,so
bitterly liostile were they all to the prosperous
classes, that liis election was anticiiiated as a
certainty. In tlie Senate the consulship of Cat-
iline was regarded as no less than an impending
national caianiilv. — Fkoidh's C.ksak, cli. 11,
p. ^1.
- 1526. DEMAGOGUE, The First. Mnirxt/ifus.
]\Ieneslii('us, the son of Peteus, grandson of Or-
iieus, and great-grandson of Erectheiis, is said
to 1m' the lirstof mankind that undertook to be a
demagogue, and by his eloquence to ingratiate
himself with the iicoiile. He endeavored also to
exasperate and inspire the nobilit}' with sedition,
■who had but ill borne with Theseus for some
time, reflecting that ho iiad deprived every per-
.son of family, of his government and command,
and shut them up together in one city, where
he used them as his .subjects and slaves. Among
the common people he sowed disturbance by tell-
ing them, that though they pleased themselves
with the I. ream of libertv, in fact they wero
robltedof their country a ii([ religion ; and instead
of many g( od and native kings, were lorded
over by one man, who was a new-comer anil a
stranger. — Pi.ttaiicu's Tkkski s.
1527. DEMAGOGUE, Marks of the. If,,nrrn.
The love of liiierty, or the jiassion for national
freedom, is a n>>l)le, a disinterested, and a virtu-
ous feeling. Where this feeling is found to pre-
vail in any great degree, il is a jjroof that thu
manners of that comniunity areyel i)ure and un-
adulterated ; for corruiition of manners infalli-
bly extinguishes the patriotic spirit. In a nation
confessedly corrupted, there is oftiui found a
Itrcvailing I'ry for liberty, which is heard thu
loudest among the most iirotligate of the com-
munity ; but let us carefully distinguisii t/idt
spirit from rirtmiKH /xitriotinm. Eel us examiiio
the morals, the jirivate manners of IIk; dema-
gogue who iireaches forth the lo\eof liberty;
remark the character and examine the lives oi
those who listen with the greatest avidity to his
harangues, and re-echo his vociferations ; and let
this be our criterion to judge of the principlo
which actuates them. — Tvti.kh's Hi.st., Book 4,
ch. «.
152§. DEMONS, Origin of. S^'mi-Hnnn. A fab-
ulous origin was assigned, worthy of their form
and manners, that the witches ot Scythia, who,
for their foul and deadly practices, Inul been
driven from .society, had copulated in the desert
with infernal si)irits ; and that the Huns were tho
offspring of this execrable cimjunction. Tho
tale, ,so full of horror and absurdity, was greed-
ily embraced by the credulous hatred of tho
Goths. — Giiibon's Komk, ch. 2G.
1529. DENUNCIATION, Terrible. Kiqwlam T.
[Having escaped from exile at St. Elba, and been
welcomed by the army and people of France, tho
allied .sovereigns declared,] "lie has deprived
himself of the protection of the laws. . . . Najio-
leon Bonaparte has thrown himself out of all re-
lations with civilized society ; and that as an
enemy and disturber of the world, he has ren-
dered him.self an object of public vengeance." —
AiUiOTT's Napolkon B., vol. 2, ch. 20.
1530. DEPAETFEE, Mysterious. Ch'omfdcii.
[Accordingto the Grecian fable, Cleomedes| was
a man of gigantic size and strength ; but behav-
ing in a foolish and frantic manner, he was
guilty of many acts of violence. At last he went
into a school, wliert! he struck tho pillar that
su])ported the roof with his lists, and broki; it
asunder, .so that the roof fell in and destroyed
the children. Pursued for this, he took refugt!
in a great chest, and having shut tlu! lid ujion
him, he held it down so fast, that many men to-
gether could not force it o])cn. When they had
cut the chest in pieces, they could not find him
cither dead or alive. Struck with this strango
affair, they sent to consult tlu; oracle at Del|)hi,
and had from the priestess this answer : " Tho
race of heroes ends in Cleomedes." — Pi.c-
TAKCii'a Cleomedes.
1531. DEPENDENCE, Needless. Yirr/inian Col-
onists. They pretended to fear starvation, and in
the latter part of August almost compelled Gov-
ernor White to return to England for an addi-
tional cargo of supplies. It was a great mistake.
If White had remained, and the settlers had given
i;^
1S!>
DIM'UAVITY— DESTUKS.
tli('mHclvfHt()tillln^'lh('soiliui(lli\iil(liiiL'li()UNCN,
IK) I'urtluT help would he needed. Wliile set
sail. . . . Wlmt. Ilieir lute was lins never lieeii
ascertained.— KiDi'ATii's I'. S., i li. tl, p. s:).
ISJia. DEPRAVITY by Descent. .Wv,. 'riinuuli
llie tradilioiis of cnielly and Ireiielierv liiid heen
carried on from p'neniliou to ^ieneration, tiiey
Bcein to iiave euiininated in tiie father of Nero,
wlio added a tin,ii(^ of meanness and vulgarity to
the liriita! manners of liisrace. His loose morals
liad heen shoekini^ even to a loose; ai^c, and men
told each other in disj;iist how he had cheated
in liis pra'torshii) ; how he luid killed one of his
frcednu'n only because he liad refused to drink
lis much as he was hidden ; how he hud jau-pose-
ly driven over a ]>oor hoy on the A])pian Koad ;
how in a scpialihle in the Forum he had .struck
<mt the eye of a l{oman kni;iht ; how hV had heen
finally i)anished for crimes si ill more shameful. It
was a curi'eiit anecdote of this man, who was
"detestahle throuudi every jjcriod of his life,"
that when, nine years after his marria.i,^', the
birth of his .son Nero was announced to liim, he
answered the con,i;ri tulations of his friends with
tiic remark, that from himself ii"d A,!,''rii)i>ina
nothin,!^ could have heen liorn Inu what was
liateful, and for the public ruin. — F.vii i.Mi's
Eauly Days, p. 1").
ISitfl. DEPRAVITY, Evidence of. S,t m „ ,• l
Jo/iiiKun. (In conversation with iJoswell, hu
.said;) With respect to orii,nnal sin, the in-
quiry is not necessary ; for whatever is the
cuiise of human corrui)tion, men are cvidentlv
and confessedly so coiTuiU, that all the laws (Jf
Ilea veil and earth are insullicient to r'.strain
them from crimes. — ]Joswi;ij,'s Johnson, i).
460.
1531. DEPRECIATION, Financial. Plj/moxth
Colony. At the end of tlie fourth year there
were only one hundred and eighty persons in
New Ii]nyland. The maiia/jers liad expected
profitable returns, and were (li.sai)i)ointed. Tliev
had exjiended $:54,0()() ; there was neither i)rofit
nor the hope of any. ... In November, 1G27,
ci,iL,'ht of the leadinn' men of Plymouth ]nirclia.se<l
fivan the liOndoners their entire interest, for the
.sum of I'JOOO.— l{ii)i'ATu's U. S., ch. i;j, p.
1^').
1535. DEPRECIATION, Foolish. Of Luthrr.
How did the i)ope act in this violent conthct ?
[Which lieuan the jri'cat Keformation.] Two
of his utterances are recorded : " JJrother ^I.-ir-
tin is ii very inirenious fellow ; but the contlict
itsilf is merely a (piarrel between jealous
monks." And airain : "A drunken (ierman
nuist have written these theses ; as soon as he
becomes sober he will cliaiiife his mind." The
lii,!,'iiest circles of ]{oine ami the immediate at-
tendants u[)()u the jiope were iruilty of the .same
dei)reciative and contem]ituous treatment of the
German.s and of Luther's theses. In tlieir re-
plies the "ob'cure German" and his " doir-
bitin^" theses were treated in tlie most deroga-
tory manner. — Ukin's Lltiieu, ch. 4, !>. 4*J.
1536. DERISION, Public. Rlnnof James IT.
[Obadiah Walker had converted Oxford Univer-
sity into a Roman Catholic .seminary.] Actors
came down to Oxford. . . . Howard's Commit-
tee was performed. This play, written soon
after the Restoration, exhibited the Puritaus in
an odious and contcm|)lib)e li;rht, and had there-
fore been, during a (|uarler of a century, a fa-
vorite with Oxonian audiences. It was now a
greater favorite than ever ; for, by a lucky coin-
cidence, one of the most conspicuous characlerH
was an old hypocrite named Obadiah. The au-
dience shouted with delight when, in the la
scene, Obadiah was dragged in with a iialter
round his neck ; and the acclamations redou-
bled when one of the ])layers, departing from
the written text of the comedy, ])roclaimcd
that Obadiah should be hanged because he had
changed his religion, '{"he king was much jiro-
voke(i by this insult. — Macaii, ay's KN(i.,ch. H,
p. 2(Vi.
1537. DESERTION, Imitated. To Wi/lium
of OriiiKji'. [Colonel I Cornburv was soon kept
in countenance by a crowd of deserters superitr
to him in rank and capacity ; but during a feiv
days he stood alone in his shame, and was bi*,-
terly reviled by many who afterward imitatcl
his example and envied his dishonoi'alile prece-
dence. Among these was his own fattier. 'I'lio
first outbreak of Clarendon's rage and sorrow
was highly pathetic. "O (JodI" he ejaculat-
ed, " that a son of mine should be a rebel !" A
fortnight later he made ti]) his mind to lie a rebel
himself. Yet it wcaild be unjust to ]>ronounce
him a mere liy])ocrile. In revolutions men livo
fast ; the experience! of years is crowded into
hours ; old habits of thought and action are vio-
lently broken ; novelties, which at first sight in.
s|)ire dread and disgust, become in a fi'W day.'t
familiar, endurable, attractive. Many men o';
far jau'er virtue and higher spirit than Claren
don were jirt'iiared, before that memorable yetn"
ended, to do what they would have pronounced
wicked and infamous when it began. — ^Iacau-
i.ay'.s Eno., ch. !», p. 404.
153§. DESERTION, Shameful. AuothnrhK.
He suflcred a signal reverse of fortune. Dur-
ing his absence in Africa the Sicilian States,
oppressed by .Syracuse, formed a league in de-
feiic'' of their liberties. Agathocles having re-
cmbarked a part of his troops, with the design
of cliastising this revi It, the Cartha.iiinians in
the mean time reduced tlu; remainder of the Syr-
acu.san army to such extremity, that even the
return of their leader was insutlicient to retrieve
their losses. Regarding their situati<ni as des-
perate, Agathocles, Avith the meanest treachery,
abandoned his army in tlie night, and escaped
back to Sicily in a single vessel, leaving his two
sons to the mercy of the Carthaginians, who
init them both to death. — Tyti.kk's Hist.,
Rook ;}. ch. .S.
1539. DESIRES, Potential. Sircdrnhnr;/.
Any one in the spiritual world a])pears to bi;
jirescntif another intensely desires his iiresence ;
for from that desire he sees him in thought, and
puts him.self in his state. Again one ]ierson is
removed from anotluir in proportion as he holds
him in aversion ; for all aversion is fi'om con-
trariety of the aiTections and disagreement of
the thoughts ; therefore many who appear to-
gether in one jilacc in the spiritual world, so
long as they agree, .separate as .soon as they di.sa-
gree. Further : when any one goes from one
I)lace to another, whether it be in liis own city,
in the court.s, or the gardens, or to others out of
his own city, lie arrives sooner when ho has a
DESOLATION— DKSTItrcTIOX.
183
Mronj; (Icsiic to lie IIk re, ami later when Ills desire
is lesH strong ; the way itself heiiij; leiiLrtlieiied i>v
shortened aeciirdin;; to his desire of ari'lviil.
JIeiie(! iii^aiii il is evident thai distances, and
consetiuently spaces, exist with the an;,'els altn-
^'ctlKT accDrdinj; to tlu; state of their ndnds. —
WlIITKH SWKDKMIOIKI, p. ll'J.
l.VaO. DESOLATION by Feitilence. /."iido,,.
Tjookin;^ i)a(k ii|)on these times, they seem sad,
l)hiek, and desolate ; th(! |)la;;iie rava^^ed the
metropolis, the deaths avcraf,dn^ about live
thousand ii •week. The city was empty, j^rass
WUH growint; in the .street ; and Lilv, the astrol-
oger, going to pravers to St. Antholin's, in Wat-
ling Street, from a house over the Strand IJridge,
between si.\ and seven in a summer morning of
the montli of .July, testilies that so few peopl,'
were then alive, and the streets so unfre(iuented
lie met only three persons in tin; waj'. — Hood's
CuoMWKi.i,, eh. ;5, J). M).
1511. DESPAIR of the Defeated. Am, rim h
Jiirol'itioii. [Fort Washington and Fort l,ee,
near New York, had been captured by the IJril-
ish. Two thou.sand jirisonersand great nulitary
utores .sorely needed fell into the enemy's hands."]
The Hrilish pressed forward after thu retreating
Ameriean.s. Washington, with Ids army now
reduced to iiOOO men, crossed ili(> Pas.saic to
Newark ; but (/'ornwallisand Ivuyi)liau.sen came
liard after the fugitives. 'I'ho piitriots retreated
to Eli/ai)ethtown, thence to New JJnmswick,
thence to Princeton, and finally to Trenton on
the Delaware. 'I'he British were all the tinu; in
close pursuit, and tlu; music; of their bands was
frecpiently heard by tlus rearguard of the Amer-
ican army. Nothing l«it the consummate! skill
of Waslnngton saved tho remnant of liis forces
from destruction. Despair seemed settling on
the country like ii pall. — Kidi'ath's U. S., cli.
39, p. 314.
1512. DESPAIR, Determination of. liumdii
Emperor AmrUniK He there experienced that
tho most absolute power is a weak defence
against the efTects of despair. He* had threaten-
ed one of his secretaries who was accused of ex-
tortion ; and it was known that ho seldom threat-
ened in vain. Tho last liopo which remained
for tho crinunal was to involve some of the
principal otlicers of tho army in his danger, or
at least in his fears. Artfully counterfeiting
his master's hand, he .showed them, in a long
and bloody list, their own names devoted to
death. Without suspecting or exanuning the
fraud, they resolved to .secure their lives b\' the
nuirder of the emiieror. [They assassinated
him.] — Giimson's IIo.mh, eh. 11.
1513. DESPERATION in Battle. I'lrxinn.'^.
[Khaled, u Jlohammedan general, inarched with
2t),0()0 men against Harmouz, a vassal of the
Persian king. | Tho battle commenced ])y a
chivalrous duel, in view of both cami)s, l)y'the
two generals. Harmouz, slain in tho combat
by Klialed, left his army witliout a general.
Tho Persians, decided cither to die or vanquish,
had chained themselves to ono another by the
legs, so as to de])rive themselves l)oforehand of
tho means of flight. They perished in a body
beneath the swords and arrows of tlie Arabs.—
Lamaktink's Tukkkv, ]). 162.
1544. DESPERATION, Final. lUind Kin;/
John. Tho King of Bohemia, who was nearly
blind told his nx-n to lead 1dm so far forward
that he nught strike one stroke with lii^ sword ;
and they all tied the reiiisof their bridhseach to
the other, that they should not lose hiin in tho
jiress ; and they were all slain, the king in tho
nddst. — KNKiii'r'rt K.no., vol. 1, ch. !t(), p. -KW.
1545. DESPERATION, Scheme in. Monarrh-
ii'iil. Thonnis Wentworth, successively created
Lord AVentworth and Farlof Sirall'or 1, a man of
great abilities, el(i(|iH'nce, and courage, but of ii
cruel and imi)erious nature, was thi; counsellor
most trusted in political and nulitary alt'airs. Ho
. . . formed a vast and deeiily-meditated scheme,
which very neaily confounded even the al>le tac-
tics of the statesmen l)y whom the House of ( 'oni-
mons had bci n directed. 'I'o this scheme, in his
contidential correspondence, he gav(! the ex|)res-
sivo nameof 'i'liorough. His object wastodoin
Kngland all, and mon? than all, that Uichelieu
was doingin France ; to make Chai'lesa monarch
as absolute as any on the Continent ; to '>ut tho
estates and tliei)ersonal lilierty of the whole jm'o-
l)le at th(! disposal of the Crown ; to deprive th(!
courts of law of all indejiendent authority, even
in onlinary (picstions of civil right between man
and man, and to puidsh with merciless rigor
all who murmured. — ^fACAn.Av's K.no., ch. 1,
p. SI.
1546. DESPOTISM, Revival of. CtvdiiHtnVul.
SI I/. Tli(! ten years which follow the fall of Wol-
sey are among t\w most momentous in our his-
tory. The monarchy at last realized its ]iower,
and the work for which Wolsey had paved tho
way was carrii d out with a terrible thoroughness.
The one great institution which could still olTer
icsistance to tho royal will Avas struck down.
The church became a mere instrument of tho
cet:tral despotisn\. The i)eopl(' learned their help-
lessness in rebellions easily su|)pressed luid aveng-
ed with ruthless severity. A reign of terror, or-
gatiized with consummate and merciless skill,
held England i)anic-stricken at Henry's feet.
The noblest heads r. lied from the block. Virtue!
and learning could notsav(' Thomas More ; royal
descent could not .save l^ady Salisbury. The p\it-
ting away of ono (pieen, the execution of anoth-
er, taught England that nothing was too high
for Henr}''s " courage" or too sacred for Ins
" appetite." Parliament assendiled only to sanc-
tion arts of unscrupulous tyranny or to l)uil(l
up by its own statutes the fabric of absolute rule.
All the constitutional safeguards of English free-
dom wero swept away. Arbitrary taxation, ar-
bitary legislation, arbitrary imprisonment, wen;
]iowers claimed without dispute and unsparingly
used by tho Crown. — Ylsa. PkoI'LE, § Sr),!.
1547. DESTINY, Unavoidat o. Kopuhon T.
[At the battle of Friedlan<l| a cannon ball camo
over their heads, just above the bayoTtets of the,
troops. A young soldier in.stinctively dodged.
Napoleon looked at him, and, sndling, said :
" ]My friend, if that ball wero (lestined for you,
though you wero to burrow a hundred feel under
ground, it would bo sure to find you there." —
Aiujott's Napoleon B., vol. 1, ch. 35.
154S. DESTRUCTION, Difficult. Tcmplenfjn-
fiiUr. In Syria the divine and excellent Marcel-
lus, as he is styled bv Thcodoret, a bishop ani-
mated with apostolic fervor, resolved to level with
the ground the stately temples within tlio dioceso
of Apameu. Ills attack was resisted by the skill
!i!
■'"ft^^mm,^-^-
S3I
184
i)i;sTi{i('Ti()\-i)rrK{Tivi:.
iind solidity wUh which tin- tiniplc of .liipilcr
hiiil Id'cii ciiimlniclcil. Tlii' liiiil(liii>r was si'uinl
on III) CI. liiii-ncc ; on ciicii nl' the tour siilcs llic
lofty roof wii.s Hiipporlcd hy littccii iniissy col-
uiiiiH, sixteen feet, ill circiimtViciicc ; iiml llic
Imi'ljc stones of wliicli they were <'onipoM'd were
firmly ceineiitcd with leiiii and iron. The force
of the stroiiiicsl iind shiirpest tools hail lieeii tried
■without clfect. It WHS found necessary to iiiidc''-
inine till- foundations of the coiunins, whicli fell
down as soon as the teiiiporarv uoodeii props had
lieeu coiisiiined willi lire. — 'liniiu.N's |{omi;, eh.
as.
15 1». DESTRUCTION of Empiro. /W// -;/■
Uoiiii'. 'I'he decline and lull of Koine is tlie
/,n'eatest event, in history ll occupied a larj^er
j)ortion of tin; earth .s sui I'lice, it atl'ected the IIncs
and forliines of ii lari^er iiiiniher of huniaii lie
liiiTs, than any other revolution on record. For
it WHS essentially one, ihouirh it took centuries to
consuinniate, and llioii,i;h il liad for its tlicaire
thecivili/.ed world, ({reatcvoludons and calas-
trojihes happened before it, and i.ave liap|iened
Hince, hut iiothiiii; wliich can conioan; willi it in
volunie and mere physical size. Nor was it less
morally. The deslrii ■tioii of Uoiik; was not only
11 destruction of an empire, it was the; destruc-
tion of 11 Jihase of human thoui;ht, of a .system
of human helii'fs, of morals, politics, civilization,
as all these had existed in tlu; world for ai;es.
The drama is soviist, the catael^'sm so appalling;,
that even at this day we are liardl}- removed
from it far euou;;li to talic it fully in. The mind
Is op])ressed, tlie imagiiiiition flails under the
load imi)osed upon it. TlK!cai)tur(! and sack of
il town one can fairly conceivi! : the massacre,
oiitraLTi , the tlaiuin<r roofs, the desolation. Even
the devastation of ii province can lie apjiroxi-
mately lepHxhiced in tliouirht. But what thought
<'an einhruce the di^vastiition and (lestru"tion of
all the civilized portions of Europe, Africa, and
Asia V Wlio can realize ii Thirty Year>,' War last-
ing five Imndred years? — Moiiiuson's Giiiiion,
ch. 7.
1530. DE8TBUCTI0N, Terrible. Ciiiihriuns.
[Cains .Marius defeated tlie ( 'imlirians, who en-
deavored to escape liy tliglit. | The Komans
drove hack the fugitives to tiieir cam]), wlien^
they found the most shocking s|)ecta(ile. The
women standing in mourning liy tiieir carriages
killed those that tied ; .soiik' ilieir liusliands,
.some tiieir lirothers, others their fathers. They
strangled their little ciiildren witli their own
hands, and tlirew them under the wheels and
horses' feet. Last of all, tliey killeil tlieniselves.
They tell us of onc' that was seen slung from the
lopof a wagon, witlui child hanging at each lieel.
The men, for want of trees, tied them.selvesliy the
neck, some to the horns of o.xen, others to their
legs, and then jiricked tliem on ; that liy tlu! start-
ing of the heasts they might he strangled or torn
to jiieces. IJut tlioughlhey were so industrious
to destroy themselves, above 00, ()()() were taken
pri.soners. — Pi,LT.\ucit'8 Caics M.\kus.
1531. DETAILS, Importance of. MiUtury.
There were no stores sent from Italy to supply
the daily waste of material. The men had to
mend and perhap.s make their own clothes and
.shoes, and repair their own arm.s. Skill in the
use of tools was not enotigh without the tools
tbem.selves. Had the spades and mattocks been
supplied by contriict, had the axes 1)(>(>ii of Hoft
iron, fair to the eye and failing to the stroke, not
a man in Ca'sar's army would hii\(' returned to
itollle to tell the tale of its destruction. Mow the
legionaries aci|uired these various arts, whether
the Italian peasantry were generally educated in
sucli occupations, or whether on this occasion
there was a special .selection of the best, of this
we hii,\u no int'ormatinii. — Fuori)i;'s (',i;s.\u, ch.
I33ij. DETtCTIVE, Hftrnde««. lioluvt Ihirtis.
[He was an excise olllccr. | Sniugirling was then
coinnion Ihroui^'hout Scotland, both in the slia|ie
of brewing and of selling beer and whiskey witli-
lait license. Ihirns look a serious yet liumaiK!
view of Ills duty. To the regular smuggler he is
said to have been severe ; to the country folk,
farmers, or cotters, who sometimes tninsgre.s.sed,
he teiniicrcd justice with mercy. i^Iany stories
are told of his leniency to these last. At Thorn-
hill, on a fair day, he was seen to call at the door
of a poor woman who for the day was doing
a little illicit business on her own account. A
nod and a movement of the foretlnger brought
the Woman to the doorway. " Kat(>, are you
mad ? Don't you know that the supervisor and
I wil' be in upon you in forty minutes ?" Hums
at once di.sa|)p<'ared among the crowd, and the
])oor woman was saved a heavy line. — SiiAiUf's
JJiiiNs, ch. .').
I53:i. DETECTI"VE, A stupid. Coloiid Jdvie-
umi. ^Major Andre [tliespvj passed the American
outposts in .safely ; hut at^larrytown, twenty-five
miles from the city, he was suddenly confronted
bv tlirei! militia men, who strippe(r him, found
his papers, and <lelivered him to Colonel Jame-
son at North Castle. Through that olllcer's amaz-
ing stupidity Arnold was at onct^ notitled that
f/ofiii AntlcrKon — that being the assumed name of
Andre — had been taken with his pass])ort and
.sonu! jjajiers "of a very dangerous tendency."
Arnold [the American traitor and eomniandant at
West Point] tied to the rivt'rand escaped ( n board
the [Hritish ves.sel, the] Vulture. — IIidi'ath's
U. S., eh. 4:i, p. i{45.
153.1. DETECTIVE, Useful. Cio'vo. The am-
liassadors of tlu^ Allobroges having fruitlessly ap-
plied to the Roman Senate for a redress of grie\-
aiices, Piiblius Lentiilus, the ])ra'tor, gave them
assurance in ]>rivateof ]irotection and favor, i)io-
vided they would return to their iirovince, and
dis])o.se their countrymen to arm in supi>ort of a
]iowerful l)arty, which, he allirmed, would soon
liave the command of the reiiiiblic. Of this ne-
gotiation Cicero received intelligence. The con-
sul, with intinite ])riidciice, instructed his infor-
mant to encourage the correspondenee between
Lentiilus and the ambassadors, and to urge tin;
latter tf) demand from Lentiilus a list of the names
of all his jiartisaiis, in order to show to their
countrymen the number and jiower of those
friends on whose protection they might depend,
if they armed in siijiportof tliis great revolution
in the State. Lentiilus fell into the snare that
was laid for him. He gave a list of the names of
all concerned in the conspiracy of Catiline to the
ambassadors, who, sotting out upon their jour-
ney, were waylaid, and their despatches seized
by order of the consul. Cicero had now in his
hands the mo.st complete evidence against the
whole of the conspirators. Assembling the Sen
DKTKUM I NATION.
185
I
nU\ \\o. pnxliK'pd first tlu! written cvldoiirc, con-
siMtlng of l<!l.li-rH, 111 ir llic liitixlH of tlic cliicf
piirtlF'niMof ('utilliic, t<)f,'cllicr with MhIm ofuniis.
aixl the. pliiccs wlicrc tlicy w»'v'e (IcixiwIttHl, ii.s
well iw scpiirntc in.HtnictiimH fur Ihi' rnnly co-
(>|M>riitinii of lliii (lilt'crriil Icmlrrs in llicir ilistinci
(IciMirtiiifiitH of Ilic plot. 'I'hc (Icpuiifs of ilic
Allol)roL''i'H were proiliK'i'il hcforc I lie Sniiitc, iinil
iimiloiiii •<cniplf locoiitirm I lie proof arising from
\U<)m> (Idciiiiuuls. — Tvri.Kii'H lliwr., Hook l,
(■!i. I.
^1.15. DETEKKINATION asMrted. Sironl.
\V(; arc tiilil that a ('ciiliirioii wlioiii ( 'a'sar liad
Hcnt to Ikoiiii!, waitin^r at Ww. door of tin; .Sciiatc-
lioiiMC for the rcHiiltof Ilic dclilM'ratiotiM, aii I lie-
in^ inforincd tliatllu' Scnali; would not ;,dv(' Ca'-
t^ara Ioniser term in Ids coniininMion, laid liisliand
upon his sword, and said, " Jlul this shall nivi;
it." — I'm TAUOIIH C-«HAIl.
I.t^fl. DETEBMINATIOir, Emphatio. Bollnt.
fVVIicn the I'crsians had invaded (Jrcccc, and the
iillics h;id evaded ii eontliet hy renioviiiif their
eanip,] Ainompiiaretus, an intre|)id man, who
liad loiiif heen ea^fr to enga^'e, and uneasy to sei-
fh(! battle so often ])iit oli and delayed, plainly
called this deeainpnient a dis<;;raceful liiirht, and
declared lie would not ((iiil his post, liiit re-
main then; with his tro()|)s, and stand it out
a;;ainst Mardoniiis. And when I'ausanias rep-
resented to him that this meivsuro was taken in
))iirsuanee of the counsel and determination of
the confederates, he took up a larjfe stone with
lioth his liand.s, and throwin;^ it at Piiusaniius'
feet, said, " This is my ballot for a battle ; and I
despise the timid counsels and resolves of others."
— P|,1:T.\RI;II's AllIHTtDKH.
15*y. DETERMINATION, Fixed. Joan of
Arc. It was in vain that her father, when he
heard her purpose, swore to drown her en; she
should fro to the tli-ld with men at arms. It was
in vain that tliei)riest, the wise pe()])leoi' the vil-
la;je, the captain of Vaucouh'iirs, doubted and
renised to aid her. " I must ijo to the kiiii,',"
jtersi.sted the peasant girl, "even if I wear my
limbs to the very knees. I had far rather rest :in(l
spin by my mother's side," she pleaded, with a
touchini; pathos, " for this is no work of my
( hoosiri!,'' ; but I must go and do it, for my Lord
wills it." "And who," they asked, "is your
Ijord ? ' "Ho is God." Words such as these
touched the rough C'ai)tain at last ; he took
Jeanne by the hand, and swore to lead her to the
king. — En(>. Pkoi'i,i:, ^ 425).
I«5S. DETERMINATION, Obstinate, F^rutrh
PiYK/ii/tc riling. Persecution, they said, could only
kill the body, but the black iiididgence was dead-
ly to the soul. Driven from the towns, they as-
sembled on heaths and nio.intains. Attacked by
the civil power, they ■without scruple reiK'Hed
force by force. At every conventicle they nuis-
tered in arms. They repeatedly broke out into
open rebellion. They were easily defeated, and
mercilessly punished ; but neither defeat nor pun-
ishment could subdue their sjiirit. Hunted down
like wild beasts, tortured till their bones were
beaten flat, imprisoned by hundreds, hanged by
scores, exposed at one time to the license of sol-
diers from England, abandoned at another time
to the mercy of bands of marauders from the
Highlands, they still stood at bay in a mood so
savage that the boldest and mightiest oppressor
could not but dread the audacity of their despair.
— .M.V( Ai i,.vv's K.No,. ch. "J, |). 171.
lAAO. DETERMINATION, Stranpre. Joan of
A ■<•. Orleans had already been diiveii by fam-
ine to olTi'rs of surrender when .leanne appearei'.
ill the Ficnili court, and a .orce was gathering,
under the Count of l>iiiiois, at iilois, for a tinal
ctfort lit its relief. It WHS at the head of thin
force that .Jeanne placed licrHcIf, The girl was
in her eighteemh \ iir, tall, tlnely formed, with
all the vigor and activity of her iicMsant rearing,
able to stay from dawn till nigiitfiill on horse-
back without meat or drink. As s' e mounted
her charger, clad in white armor from head to
foot, with a great white banner stiiddi'd with
tlciir-de lis wa\ iiig over her head, she seemed " ii
tiling wholly divine, whether to see or hear."
The ll),(M)(> men at arms who followed her from
Hlois — rough plunderers, whose only firayerwie*
tliatof I.a llire, "Sire Dieii. I pray you totlofor
La llire what La llire would do for you wero
you captain at arms and he (lod" — left olT their
oatiisand foul living at her word, and gathered
round the altarson their march. . . . The peopio
crowded round hcra-sshe rode along, praying her
to work miracles, and bringing crosses and cliaiv
lets to 1m^ blessed by her touch. " Touch th(!iii.
yourself," slui .said to an old dame, Margaret;
" your touch will bi^ just as good as mine." Hut
her faith in her mission remained asfirm asever.
" The maid prays and rc(|uir''s you," .she wrote
to IJi'dford, " to work no more distriu'tion in
France, but to come in her company to rescue
the Holy Sepulchre from the Turk." " I bring
you," she told Duiiois, when he sallied out of
Orleans to meet her after her two days' march
from lilois — " I bring you tin; best aid ever .sent
to any one — theaid of the King of heaven." The
besiegers looked on overawed as she entered
Orleans, and, riding round the walls, bade the
peopU' shake otT the fear of tlu^ forts which sur-
rounded them. — Hist, oi-' En«i. Peoim.k, i^ 4'M.
1560. DETERMINATION for Bnoceu. " Win
M.H Spurn." [At the battle of (.'res.sy, in i;J4«,|
wlieii the battle was at its hottest, a knight came
to the king [Edward III.] and said tliat War-
wick and O.xford and the Prince of Wales [the
king's son, the Black Prince] wi;re tiercely fought
withal, and were .sore handled, and they desired
aid from him and his men. Tlun the king
asked if his son were dead or hurl, or felled to
the earth ; and the knight answered, " No."
" Say, then, to them that sent you," replied the
king, " that they sutrer him this day to win his
spurs, and ask me not for aid while my son is
alive."--KNi(iirr'H Kn(i., vol. l,cli. 30, ji. 4GL
1561. DETERMINATION, Vow of. Philip oj
Vniiirc. The easy reduction of Normandy on
the fall of Cliateau (iaillard at a later time
proved Uicliard's foresight ; but foresight and
.sigacity were mingled in him with a brutal vio-
lence and a callous iiulillereiice to honor. " I
would take it were its walls of iron !" Philip
exclaimed in wrath as he saw the fortress ri.se.
" I would hold it were its walls of butter," was
the defiant answer of his foe. It was church land.
and the Archbishop of Uoucii laid Normandy
under interdict at its S2i/ure ; but the king met
the interdict with mockery, and iatrigued with
Rome till the censure was withdrawn. lie was
just as defiant of a " rain of blood," whose fall
l.S({
DKTKUMINATION-DKVOTION.
Hcur(!<l hiH <-ourtiitrN. " Had iiii lintel from liciiv
(11 Itiil liini ulHiiitloii IiIh work, " nnyn u cool oli
KcrviT, " he woiilil liuv«! uii.swcrcil with u curse."
— HiHi". OK Kno. rKoi'i.K, 6; iM.
IMtM. DETERMINATION, Youthful. A/,;7>m
(hn. One (liiy lie wus iiliiyiiii; iil dice with oilier
l)oys ill the si reel ; iiimI wlien it cuiiu? loliis I urn
lo llirow II loiiiled wiij^riin ciime up. Al llrsi he
ciiMed to llie driver lo >to|i, hecause hi! wits lo
throw In ilie wiiy over wliich the wiiK<'ii wus to
l>a.ss. The ruslie di.srei,nirdiM>.c hlin mid drivlnj:
on, the other hoys liroke iiwiiy ; liiit Alcihiiides
threw hlniseir upon his face directly liel'oie the
wa;,'on, and .strelchlnir hlniNelf out, hade the fel
low ilrivo on If he pjea.sed. Ipoii this he was
HO startled that he slopped his horses, while
th().s() that saw It ran up to him with lerror.—
I'l.UTAIlCIIH Al.Cllll.VDKrt.
1503. DETESTATION, Courage under. Cn>„i
iri'H. Nuniherless little coteries ol' hissiiijr snakes
and slippery eels were wrlj^gling and twisting
toward desired eminence. As we have said,
Cromwi^II n(!ver was a reiiuhllcan — less .so now
tiian over. Shouts of " I'surper !" " Tyrant I"
"Traitor!" " Deceivr !" from other fi'iclions ;
" Detestablo wretch !" " Murderer I" were met
by tho calm lighlnln;^ of that deep, clear gray
(•ye. " Vi'ry likely, gentlemen ; just as you
IMease, about all such pleasant ciiitliels. Mean-
time, distinctly understand that I am hero soini
how or other. I havi; .some notion that I liavit
been put hero by tho Eternal (tod, who raiHolli
up and casteth down. Noblo natures, you will
plea.se to undorsland that I am ruler hen! to .save
yo\i from clammy eels or hissing Hnakcs ; and
vou, Messieurs Kels and Snakes, ])ut yourselves
into the smallest compass, if you i)lea.se, or, by
that Eternal (j}od that sent iiic, so much Ww
worse for you !" — lloou's C'lioMWEi.i., ch. 18,
p. 240.
1561. DETESTATION, Public. Kutrophiim.
[Till! ounuch and minister of the Emperor Ar-
cadius, in tho last period of Itonian history.]
Seouro as he now imagined liimsclf in tho favor
of his sovereign, and defended by the terror of
his own uncontrolled authority, thisbas(! eunuch
end(!avored to (engross tho whole jMiwer of tlu;
government, lie cau.vd the weak Arcadius to
create hlin a patrician, to honor him with the
title of fatlu')' U> the nnpcror, and at length to
confer on him tho consulship. His imago, i)re-
cedod by the fasces, was carried in triumph
through all the cities of the Ea.st, but was more
generally saluted with hissing than wiih ap-
plausi!. — TvTi.Kii'rt lIiHT. , IJook T), ch. .'5.
1565. DEVELOPMENT, Social. Lmihnrds.
So rapid was tlu; inlluenct; of climate and exam-
ple, that tho Lombards of the fourth generation
surveyed with curiosity' and alTriglit the ))ortraits
of tiioir savage forefathers. Their heads were
.shaven behind, but the shaggy locks hung ()ver
their eyes and mouth, and a long beard rejiro-
sented the name and character of the nation.
Their dress consisted of loose linen garments,
after the fa.shion of the Anglo-Saxons, which
■were decorated, in their opinion, with broad
stripes of variegated colors. — Giubon's Ro.mk,
ch. 4.5.
1566. DEVIL, Casting out the. Bunynn.
An ale-hou.se keeper in the neighborhood of
Elstow had a son who waM lialf-witted. The fa*
vorlte ainiisi ment, when a party wum collected
drinking, was for the father to provoke the lad's
temper, and for the lail to curse his father nrid
wish the devil had him. Thede\ll at last did
have the ale house keeper, miiiI rent and tore him
till he died. " I," says Mun,\iin, 'was eye and
ear witness of what f here say. ... I saw him
in one of his Ills, and saw Ids tiesli, as it wiM
thought, gathered up In a heiipaboiit the bigness
of half an egg, to the wnutteralile torture and af-
lllction of the old man. There was also one
Freeman, who was more than an ordinarv doc-
tor, sent for to cast out the devil, and \ was
tlier(> when he attemiited to do it. 'i'he manner
whereof was this. 'I hey had the possessed in an
lutroom, and laid him upon his belly upon a
form, with his head hanging dewn over tliu
form's enil. Then they bound liiin down thereto,
which done, they set a |)an of coals under his
mouth, and put something therein which made
a great smoke — by this means, as it was said,
to fetch out the devil. There they kejit tho
man till he was almost smothered in the smoke,
but no devil came out of him, at which Freeman
was somewhat abashed. — Fiioi dk'h Hi,.nyan,
ch. 1.
1567. DEVILS teited. IhiHion Dmnml. Cotton
Mather . . . invited her to his house ; and tho
artful girl easily imposed on his credulity. Tho
devil would permit her tcread in t^uaker book ,
or th(- Comnion ''layer, or Pojiisli Inxiks ; but a
jirayer from C'otcon Mather or a chapter from
the Bible would throw her into convulsions.
Hy a series of exi)eriinents, In reading aloud jtas-
sagcs from tho lUblo in various languages, tho
minister satistied himself, " by trials of their ca-
|)aeity," that devils are well skilled in languages,
and understand liittin, and (Jreek, and even
Hebrew, tliough he fell " upon one inferior Ind-
ian language, which the demons did not seem
.so well to understand." Exiieriments were made,
with uneciual success, lo see if devils can know
tin- thoughts of others ; and the inference was
that "all devils are not alike sagacious." — Ban-
cuokt's U. S., vol. H, ch. 19.
156K. DEVOTION, Absolute. Mohammedan.
[After one of Mahomet's unsuccessful battles,
OIK- of \\w women encountered the vanquishei
army returning to Medina. "Where is my fa-
ther V" asked she of the soldiers. " He is slain,"
was tlu; reply. " And my husband?" "Slain
also." " Aiid my son '/" "Slain with them,"
said they. " But Mahomet'/" " Here is he, alive,"
replied the warriors. " Very well," said she,
aj)o.stroi)hi/.ing the i)roi)liet, " since thou livest
still, all our misfortunes are as nothing!" —
La.makti.nk's Tuukkv, p. 117.
156». DEVOTION, Commendable. St. Am-
liroKe. Amliro.se had devoted his life and his
abilities to the .service of the church. Wealth
was the object of his contempt ; he had re-
nounced his i>rivate patrimony ; and he sold,
without hesitation, the consecrated ])late for the
redemption of captives. The clergy and people
of Milan were attached to their arclibi.shoi) ; and
he deserved tho esteem, without "oliciting tho
favor, or apprehending the displeasure, of his
feeble .sovereigns. — Gihbon'h Ho.mk, ch. 27.
1570. DEVOTION, Entire, h'eo. Thorn an Coir
The first Protestant bishop in the Western Hem-
DEVOTIOX-DIFIMCl l/riKS.
IH?
Isplicri' cxiiciidrd liU lar^'c |mtr1ni(inl)il refute
on IiIh inisHloiis mid cIuiimIm, Id' wmh niiirri'd
twice; lioHi h\x wivi's wirt- liki' iniiidi'd wiin
IdiDHt'lf, and liolli liad t'oiiHidcraljIc fortunes.
wlilcli wrrc lined like Ids own. ... It Isdoiildlul
wlii'thcr any I'loic'tanI of his day conlrilnitfd
more from Ids own property for the spn-ail of
,:u'(}oMpcl, . . . Flying. diirinj,' nearly forty years,
over Kii>rlaiid, Seotland, Wales, and Irelanil ;
erosslnjr tlie Atlantic eivrhteen times; Iraversinj;
the I'liiled Slates and the West Indies ; the
foiimler of Mi'thodi>' ndssioiis in the Went In
dies. In Africa, and in Asia ; in Kiijfland, Wales
and Ireland ; the founder of its first Tract Soci
ety ; . . . he has lieen pronounced " the ftreatest
man of the last century,' in " lahorsand services
ana minister of Christ." | lie died while on his
]uiMsaKe to India as a missionary, K'*'*'^ >d his
own e.\peiise, at the aire of sixty seven. J—Stk-
v|';ns' Mi;i iKiDisM vol. IJ, p. UtO.
I AT I. DEVOTION, Mlniitarlal. T/ionuis l.n
a Methodist itinerant under Wt.sleyJ was in
Hated at I'atcley Hridt'c into the common |ot(.f
Methodist evan;r''li'<l'<. mid received hisllrsl liap-
lism from the clods, cliihs, and stones of the
mol). Mis meek and pure spirit, was not weak,
l)ul displayed durimr this atid later trials a hero
ism to he admired. " We have done enou^rh,"
<Tied the mol) — " we have done cnoii^di l() make
an end of him. " " I did, indeed," he says, " reel
to and fro, and my head was broken with a
stone. Hut I never found my soul more happv,
nor was ever more comnosed in my closet. It
WftH a jflorioiis time, and there are s(!Veral who
date theirconversion from that day." — 8tkvkns'
Mktiiodihm, vol. 1, p. Hod.
larj. DEVOTION, Self saorifloinR. minnrinH.
In th(( Hiep' of i * 'mo tin; ^'eiieral was nearly
transi)ierced with i arrow, if tl.*; mortal stroke
Imd not been intercep'cd by or e of his >,nnirds,
who lost, in that pi' usotllce, the use(<f his hanil.
[It was the weapcm of ii Goth.] — Gi»hun'« Ho.mk,
ch. 41.
1573. DEVOTIONS, HorniDgp. Ancient Ro-
man*. Tlu! tir.st, second, and third hours wen;
differently employed at Home by the different
ranks of the lu'oplc ; i..id oven by these differ-
ently ftccordinff to their separate inclinations.
It was the custom with many to begin the da^
by visiting the temples, where, acc()r(linga.s their
ideas of devotion were more or less strict, they
either sacrificed, or paid their adoration by sim-
ply ki.ssing their hand, or prostratinir them.selves
before their own i)articular deity. Those who
were more ri.gorously devout made their consci-
entious circuit to most of the temi)les in the city,
a business which must nece.s.sarily have occupied
many hours ; but the great bulk of the citizens,
attached to temporal concerns, and intent on
more substantial duties, employed the moriiin.g
very dillereutlv. — Tvti.ku's Hiht., Jiook 4,
ch. 4.
1574. DIAEY, Artful. S.inntrl Johnson. [To
Mrs. Thrale.] Johnson : " No, madam ; a man
loves to review his own nnnd. That is the use
of a diary or journal." Loud Tiumi.khtown :
" True, sir. As the ladies love to see themselves
in a glass, so a man likes to sec himself in his
journal." BoswELii ; " A very pretty allusion."
Johnson: "Yes, indeed." Boswell : "And
as a lady adjusts her dress before a mirror, a
man adjusts Ids character by looking at hi'^ jour
nal." — hnsw i; 1,1, s. loll NMON,
I57t1. DICTATION, Simultaneoui. Snjiohon I.
At the four ciiriiei's of the mom tables were hcI
for his secretaries ; , . , he was aceustnuietl to
dictate simultaneously, lie possessed the fare
faculty of giving Judgment upon almost any
number of .subjects at the .same time, lie Usu-
ally paced the llnor with his hat on, and Id-i
hands ela-<ped behind his back. . . . To one scribe
he would dictate instructions for the mameiivres
of the army. Turning to another he would givi;
the decisive opinion on a dilllciilt <|uestion of
linaiice or on the administrative government of
the empire. To a third he would con.municate
answers to the ambassadors in foreign countries.
A fourth was not unfrei|uentlv intrusted with
his private coirespondence. — AniiorTs N.vr.j-
i.iio.N M., vol. 'i. ch. 7.
I57«. DIET, Bimplloity In, A'/w/ llo,n,nl.
On one of his tours he hud a severe lit of tht*
gout, which led him to resolve that, if ever lie
recovered, he would never again drink w iim or
sjiiiils. lie kept his resolution, tho.igli he con.
timii'd to provide wine for his guests. Soon af-
ter, his hiallh being still impaired, he tried the
experiment of living without meat ; and, as a
vegetable diet seemed to benefit him, he nevi.-r
again partook oi' animal food. All this was
highlv serx'ii'cable to him in his iihilunthropic
travels, when he was often l)ev<ind the reach of
any supplies except the nu si slmiile. lb' could
live, and often did live, for weeks at a time,
upon biscuit, raisins, and tea. Tea, in fact, waa
his only luxury, lie always travelled with a
supply of the best tea, and a i>ortable apparatus
for preparing it. On arriving at a town la;
would sit ii. Ids carriage and dine upon tea and
biscuit, but send his .serva it to the inn to get a
good dinner. — ('vc'i.oi'KDI.v ok Huxi., p. 40.
1577. DIFFICCLTIE8, Firmneii amid. Em-
pivor (!litii<liii.i. An original .. Iter addressed b^
( laudiustothe Senate and people. . . ."Conscript
fathers," says the etni)eror, ' know that ;{'.20,()(M)
(Joths hav(; invaded the Homan icrritory. If I
vaiK|uish ihem, your gratitude will reward my
services. Should 1 fall, remember that I am the
successor of (Jallienus. The whole republic is
fatigued and exhausted. We shall tight after
Valerian, after Ingemius, Hegillianus, Lollianus,
Posthumus, Celsiis, and a thousand others,
whom a just contempt for Gallicnus provoketi
into rebellioi.. We are in want of darts, of
spears, and of shields. The strength of the em-
])ire, Gaul, and Spain an; u.surjH'd by Tetricus,
and we blush to acknowledge that the archers of
the Kast serve under the banners of Zenobia.
Whatever we shall perform will be sullicicntly
great." The melancholy lirmncss of this epistii;
announces a hero careless of his fate, conscious
of his danger, but still deriving a well-grounded
liojH! from the resources of his own mind. [A
great victtory followed.] — Gihiion's Uo.mk, ch.ll.
157«. DIFFICULTIES, Mechanical. VhnrlcH
(lOixli/edi: The agent of that company, however,
had but a sorry tale to tell Charles 6oody"ar in
1H33. lie told him that the material had pre-
sented unexpected difficulties. Shoes niide iu
winter melted as .soon as the summor came.
When exposed to the cold, tlniy grew as hard as
stone ; but a temperature of one hundred degrees
188
DIFFICULTIES— DKiXITY.
i('(lut'<'(l a raso of slirn's to a mass of ;jtnn. And,
wliiit 'VMS worse, !!(■ --lu' could tell of 'he wiiitcr-
inadc sliocs, wlu'tluT they wolild stand the
.siininicr licats or not. '^I'lic <'onii)any feared to
r.ianufacture a larjjc (|uantity, since the lirst liol
week i!i Jniie woidd melt the |)rodiiet of eifihl
months' lalior, as readily asasin;;le i)air of shoes.
In short, ihe asrent said, unless a way could bu
iliscoveic'i of iiarden'n^ or curinj^ this sin^-'ular
substance, Uiui that very soon, the ]{o.\bury
(.\)mj)any would be oblifred to wind up its affairs
from the e.\hausti(;n, at once, of its ])alience and
itrf cui)ilal. This catastrophe, in fact, .soon after
happened, to the ruin of a liu'ire nund)er of
ti.e j)i'ople of .Massachusetts— Cyci.oI'KUIa ok
iiio(i.. p. '2\V>.
1579. DIFFICULTIES overcome Tii/ionr.
[Invasion of hulia. ] JJctwcen the Jihoon and
the Iiulus they crossed one; of the ridf^es of the
ii.ountains .vhii!) are styled by the Arabian
^eojirai)hcrslhe Stony Girdles of the earth. Tht;
li(ii;idand rol)bers were subdued or e.vtirpated ;
bill fjreat numbers of men and hor.svs perisiied in
the .snow ; the emperor himself was let down a
precipice on a portable scalTold — the rojK's were
one Inuidred and fifty cubits in len.i;;th ; and be-
fore he could reach the bottom, this dangerous
operation was five times repeated. — Gmuion's
lioMK, eh. ()").
15§0. . Knjwlfo) T. [When cross-
ing the .Vlps with his armyj two skilful engi-
neers had been sent to explore the path, and to
do wliatcver could be done in the removal of
obstructions: They returned with an ai>palling
j-< cital of the apparently insurmountable (litHcul-
ties of the way. "Is it jwmhie," iiapiired Na-
jhileon, "to cro.ss the pa.ss ?"' "Perhaps," was
the hesitating rejily ; " it is within the limits of
jumibility." "iorward, then," was the ener-
getic response. — Abuutt'sN.U'OLKonB., vol. 1,
ch. 1!)
I5S1. DIFFICULTIES removed. Gordium
Kiuit. [When Alexander tlu! Great took] Gor-
dium, which is .^aid to have been the seat of the
ancient Midas, ho found the famous chariot,
fastened with cords, made of the bark of the
cornel tree, and was informed of a tradition,
firmly l)elieved ih among the barbarians, that the
Fates !iad decreed the empire of the world to the
man who should untie the knot. Most hi.storians
Kay that it was twisted .so many ])rivate ways,
and till! ends so artfully concealed within, that
Alexander, finding he could not untie it, cut it
asuni'.er with his sword, and so made many ends
instead of two. — Plut.\i:cii's Ai,i;x.\ndeu.
1582. DIGNITAEIES multiplied. Yivqiida
Colouii. ( )n the 23d of .May, Hid!), King .James,
"without c(<nsulting the wishes of his American
colonists, revoked their constitution, and granted
to the London company a new charter. . . . The
council was at once organized in accordance with
this charter, and the excellent LordDe La Ware
chosen governor for life. With him were joined
in authority Sir Tliomas Gat"s, lieutenant gen-
oral ; Sir George Somers, admiral ; Christoj)her
ls\'\vport, vice-admiral ; Sir Thomas Dale, liigh
marshal ; Sir Ferdinand Wainman, master of
liorse ; and other dignitaries of similar .sort . . .
live liundred emigrants . . . sailed for America.
[There were about seven hundred colonis'..-j ux
all.]— litni'ATn's U. S., ch. 10, p. 105.
1 5M3. DIGNITY compromised. 77* e odor a.
[Wife of the Roman F:niH ror Theophilu.s.] Shu
de.sciived tlu- love, but did not escajK) tiie sever-
ity, of her lord. From the i)alace garden lie l)e-
lii'ld a ves,sel deeply laden, and steering into Iho
Dort ; on the discovery that the preci)us cargo
of Syrian lu.xnry was the i)roperly of his wife,
he condemned the ship to the tlaines, with a
sharp reiu'onch, that her avarice iiad (h'graded the
chaiwter of an empress into that of a merehunt.
- GimioNs Ko.MK, eh. 48.
1 5'*.i. DIGNITY, Cruel. Dijofet^. The mon-
archy of the Medes, the third of tho.se which
spriing from the ruins of tlu- first A.s.syrian cm-
l)ire, appears to have begun later than the other
twt, ; Dcjoces, its tirst. sovereign . . . is reported to
have built the citj' of Fcbatan, and to have be-
stowed much pains in iioli.shing and civilizing
his iM'ople ; yet those laws which he is s»ud to
have enacted breathed strongly the spirit of des-
jiotisni. It was common to the Asiatic monarchs
very rarely to show themselves to their subjects.
Dejoces is said to have carried the haughtiness
of his dei)ortment to an unusual height. It was
death only to smile in his presence. — TvTLEu'a
IIisT., Bookl, ch. 11.
1585. DIGNITY exhibited. Snmvcl Johnson.
That superiority over his fellows, whi(!h ho
maintained with .so much dignity in his march
through life, was not assumed from vanity i;nd
ostentation, but was the natural and con.stant
eiTect of those extraordinary powers r)f mind, of
which he could not but be con.scious by compari-
.son ; tiie ' llectual dill'erence, which, in other
ca.ses of parison of characters, hi often ii
matter oi idecided contest, being as dear in
his case as the superiority of stature in some
men above otluTs. Johnson did not strut or
stand on tiptoe ; he only did not stoop. — Bos-
wf.li/h Johnson, p. 7.
1586. DIGNITY, Ludicrous. lioUo. Rollo of
Normandy took the oath of fealty to [Charles, the
simple King of France,] in the aci'ustomod form ;
but on bMiig told that, in order to complete the
ceremon}-, i^ was necessary that he should kneel
and kiss tlic monarch's foot, ho .started back, and
disdainfully refused to comi)ly. The point of
etiquette being insisted on, liollo at length de-
puted one of ids attendants to jierform the duty
in his stead. The rude .soldier, either intention-
ally or from awkwardiic^.;, lifted t'.'C king's foot
wi'.h so little circumspection, that Charles fell
backvard from his seat. His comrades could
nol reju-cssashoutof laughter, which the French
were in no <'ondition to resent. — Students'
Fu.vNCb;, ch. 6, $i 10.
1587. DIGNITY offended, liodolph. Lewis.
Duke of Bavaria, named for em])eror I{o(lol]>li
of Ilapsburg. It may b(^ conceived that it
should l>e somewhat humiliating to [Ottocurus
II.] the King of Bohemia, who was one of the
proudest jirinces of his lime, to Ind the master
of his household elevated to the rank of his sov-
ereign, and as such entitled to exact liomag(!
from his dominions of Bohemia AVhen tliia de-
mand was made by tlie heralds of the new em-
peror, [Ottocarus II.] indignantly replied, "Go
tell your master that I owe him nothing, for I
have paid him his wages.". .. Rodolph instantly
declared war against him, and in one campaign
doi)rived him ot Austria, Stiria, and Carniola. . . .
DIGNITY— DIPLOMACY
ISU
He now lU'tniaintodtlio kin^of Hohcmia tlmf liis
(lij^nity as ciniH-ror pos'tivcly rciniircil tlial lie,
the k'n;^, should ])crtorin liomnfic as his vassal.
Otiocariis II. was ohlijrt'd to sulaiiit ; liiil he rc-
• luircd, as a roiidilioii, that the hoiuaL'c should
1m' i)rivat('ly pciionucd iuthe ciuperor'slciii, and
licfon? tiu: olliccis ol' the cnijtirt' alone. On the
(lay appointed, he rci)air('d in his rolics of slate
to the eaiup of the emperor, who chose on that
oecasion to he dollied in tho ])laiiiest a])pan'l.
When Oltocarus was on his knees ix't'ore Ho-
dolpli, the eurtaiiis of the tent wen- drawn up,
and the Kin;; of lioheniia was e.\liil)ited in that
attitude to tli(! whole in)i)erial army, 'i'his ])ro-
voked the kinjj to thf^ highest pileii of indiifua-
tion. l?e immediately renounced liisalle^riance,
and declared war asiiinf^t the emperor, in hopes
of recovering; his dominions of Austria ; hut in
Ids lirst battle he was defeated and slain. —
— Tyti.icu'h Hist.. Hook (J, ch. 11.
15SS. DIGNITY preserved. Poni.o. [Alexan-
der invaded India and defeated Porus, one of its
]irinces.] The captive prince beinj; hroujrht into
the presence of his conqueror, Alexander ;rener-
ously prai.sed liim for the courage and ability he
]iad disiilayed, and concluiled by asking him in
what manner he wished and expected to be treat-
ed. " As It king," said Porus. Struck with the
magnanimity of this answer, Alexander declared
lie shoidd not Ikj frustrated of his wishes ; lor
from that moment he should regard him as a
sovereign prince and think himself honored by
his friendship and alliance. ... He added to
the kingdom of Porus some of the adjoining
l)rovinces. — Tyti.ku's Hist., Book 2, di. 4.
15S9. DIGNITY, Regard for. Ocorf/e U7m//-
itigUm. A.i). 1T70. [In July Lord Ilowe arrived
at New York commissioned to paciticate the col-
onists.] The ])erson with whom he m(>st wished
to eomniiuiicate was the American commander-
in-chief. On the second day after hisarri' al he
Rent a while flag up the harbor, with 'i copy of
Ids declaration enclosed in a letter addressed to
AVa.shington as a private man. But Washington
(tecline(l to receive the conununication. Lord
ilowe was grieved at the rebuff ; in the .judg-
mentoi Congress, W^a.shington " acted with dig-
i'ity becoming his station." — B.xxcuoi'x's U. S.,
vol. 9, ch. 1.'
1500. . Lnciilliis. [Once when
Lncullus wa.s to] sup alone, and .-law but one ta-
ble and a very moderate provision, he called the
servant who 'h.".d the care of tliese matters, and
exprcjs^sed his dissatisfaction. The servant siiicl
he thought, as nobody was invited, his master
would not want an expensive .supper. ' ' What,"
said he, " didst thou not know that this evening
Lucullus sups with Lucullus ?" — Plltakcii'b
LUCULI,US.
1591. DILEMMA decided. Marcia. Commo-
dus fought as a common gladiator in the circus,
and his favorite epithet was that of the Roman
Hercules, which is still to be seen upon his coins
and medals. His wliole conduct was equally
odious and contemptible, and the public meas-
ures of his reign consist of nothing but tlie de-
tection of some conspiracies which the hatred of
his mibjects and his own cruelty and inhumanity
could no'u fail to excite. One conspiracy, at
lengtli, delivered tlie empire of its tyrant. His
concubine Marcia, his chamberlain, and the com-
mander of his guard had ventured to remon-
strate wilh him on the indecency of an emperor
displaying himself as a coudialant in the public
games. This was an olTence which could not bo
forgiven, and he accordingly dclerniined their
immediate destruction. Marcia found the list
of his intended victims wrillen in his own hand.
She mad(! haste to anlicii)ate his purpose, ami
caused this worthless and inglorious wretch lobe;
strangU'd, in the Ihirly-second year of his agi;
and the thirteenth of his reign. — Tvtlku's
Hist., Book .">, ch. 2.
1502. DINNEE, Bad. Sa mud Johnson. At
the inn where we stoi)])ed lie was ex>'eedingly
dis.satisfied with some roast mutton which he had
for dinner. The ladies, I saw, wondered to see
the gix'at philosopher, who.se wisdom and wit
they had been admiring all the way, get iiitoMl-
humor from suchacau.se. Ht^ scolded the wait*
er, saying, " It is as bad as bad can be ; it is iH-
fed, ill-killed, ill-kept, and ill-dressed." — Bo^s-
wki,t/s Johnson, p. 51i>.
1503. DINNER, Waiting. Sinnnl JohiiKoii.
One of the compaiu' not iK'ing come at the ap-
pointed hour, I ]>ropo.sed, as usual upon such oc-
casions, to order dinner to be .served, addin.i;,
" Ought six jieojile to be kept waiting for one ""
" AVhy, yes," answered Johnson, with a delica'«
humanity, " if the one will sidl'er moic by your
sitting down than the six willilo by waiting. "--
Bohwkll's Johnson, p. l(5;i.
1504. DIPLOMACY, Effect of. Ihlun of Chnrl-m
II. Sunderland was Secretary of Slate. In this
man the political immorality of his age was per-
sonified in the most lively manner. Nature had
given him a keen understanding, a restless and
nnschicvous tctnper, a cold heart, and an abject
.spirit. His mind had undergone a training by
which all his vices had been nursed u\> to the
rankest maturity. At his entrance' into pid;lic
life he had pa.s.sed several years in diplomatic
posts abroad, and had been, during some time,
minister in France. P^very calling has its jjecul-
iar temptations. There is no iujiistice in saying
that diphmiatists, as a class, have alway:^ been
more distinguished by their address, by the art
Avitli which they win the contidence of those with
whom they have to deal, and by the ease with
which thej' catch the tone of every society into
which they are admitted, than by generous en-
thusiasm or austere rectitude ; and the relations
between Charles and Louis were .such that no
English nobleman could long reside in France as
envoy and retain any patriotic or honorable sen-
timent. Sunderland came forth from the bad
school in whicli he had been brought up, cun-
ning, supple, .shameless, free from all preju-
dices, and destitute of all principles. — .M.vc.vl-
iav'h Eng., ch. 2.
1505. DIPLOMAOY, Expensive. Bnt/.i/i. [In
1862] the ports of the Stmthcrn States were . . .
so clo.sely blockaded that war-vessels could no
longer be .sent abroad. In this emergency tlu^
Confederates turned t« the .ship-yards of Great
Britain, and from tliat vantage-ground began to
build and equip their cnusers. In spite of the
remon.strances of the United States, the Briti.sh
Government connived at this proceeding ; and
here was laid the foundation of aditHculty which
afterward cost the treasury of England *ir),0(X) -
000. [The award of a court of arMlration for
T.tO
DIPLOMACY— DISAPPOINTMENT.
tliinidgos to Aiiu'ricaii coninuTcc.] — IIidpath'h
U. S.,(h. «6, p. nXi.
1 596. DIPLOMACY of Falsehood. Qurai Eliza-
hcth. Iliid Kli/.alM'th wrillcii the story of her
rciirn slie would have jiridcd herself, not on the
trinniph of England or the ruin of Si)ain, but on
the skill with which .she had hoodwinked and
outwitted every i.tatesnian in Eurojje during lifty
years. Nothing is more revolting, hut nothing is
inorerharaeteristie, of thecjueen than lier shame-
less mendacity. It was an age of i)oliti('al lying ;
but in the i)rofusion and reeklessness of her lies
Elizabeth stood without a peer in Christerdom.
A falsehood was to her simply an intellectual
means of meeting a dltlictdtv ; and the ease with
Avhich she a.s.sertedor denied whatever suited hei
jtarpose was only ecjualled In' the cynical iiidilTer-
t'lice with which she mei the exposure of her lies
US soon as their purpose was answered. Her
trickery, in fact, had its political vaUu!. Ig-
noble and wearisome as the (pieen's diplomacy
wems to us now, tracking it as wv do through a
thousand despatches, it succeeded in its main
f.id, for it gained time, and every year that was
gained c'oubled Elizabeth's strength. — Hist.
Ob' Eng. Peoim.i;, ij TIC.
1507. DIPLOMACY. Game of. Coiircolment.
[In 1(597 Boutlers, one .)f the marshals of France,
asked his sovereign's permission to meet Port-
land, the contidential friend and adviser of Will-
if.m III., at a point midway between the two ar-
n ies of Britain and France, for private conver-
.sntion respecting the possibility of n peace.
Louis con.sented, adding this stiggestion,] "He
was to speak as little as possil)le, and to draw
fiom Portland all he could." — Kmoiit's Eng.,
V j1. T), ch. 13, p. 198.
159i. DIPLOMACY, Inscrutable. Bimiarck.
When he was ambas.sador at Frankfort . . .
he saw, with the clearnes.s of an honest mind,
all the humbug of what is called diplomacy. He
gives a humorous account of the manner in wlich
he and his fellow -diplomatists "worried them-
selves with their important nothings." " No-
body," he wrote, " not even the mo.st malicious
sceptic of a Democrat, believes what quackery
nnd self-importance there is in this diplomatizing.
... I am making enormous progress in the art
of saying nothing in a great man^ words. I
"write reports of many sheets, which read as
tersely and roundly as leading articles ; and if
the ndnister can say what there is in them, after
lie has read them, he can do more than I can." —
Cyclopedi.v ok BioG., p. 6;M.
1599. DIPLOMACY, Revengeful. French. The
French king [Louis XV.] would never have
agreed to tlu; treatj- of 17(53, by which Canada
A\as ceded to Great Britain, had it not been witli
the hope of securing American inilependence.
Ir was tlu! theory of France that by giving up
Canada on the north the f>nglish cofonics would
Iwconie so strong as to n ounce their allegiance
to the Crown. Englan feared such a result.
More than once it was ]v |.o.sed in Parliament to
re-cede Canada to Frai ■ in order to check the
growth of the American States. " There now,"
sjiid a French statesman, when the treaty of 17(53
was signed, " we have arranged matters for an
American rebellion, in which England will lose
her empire in the West." — IIidpatii's U. S.,
ch. 37. p. 286.
1600. DIPLOMACY, Trained to. John Quincy
Ai/iniiM. The new President was inaugurated
on tile 4th of March, 1825. He wasamun of the
highest attainments in literature and statesman-
ship. At tli(! age of eleven years he accompa-
nied his father, John Adams, to Europe. At
Paris, at Amsterihim, and St. Petersburg the
son continued his studies, and at the same time
became ,.c(iuaiiited with the manners and politics
of the old world. The vast oppf)rtunities of
his youth were improved to the fullest extent.
In his riper years he served his country as ambas-
sador to the Netherlands, Portugal, Pru.ssia,
Russia, and P^ngiand. Such were liis abilities in
thefiehl of diplomacy as to elicit from Washing-
ton the extraordinary prai.se of lieing the ablest
minister of which America could boast. His life
from 17))4 till 1817 was devoted almost wholly
to diplomatic! services at various European caj)!-
tals. At that critical period, when the relations
of the United States with foreign nations were as
yet not well established, his genius secured the
adoption of treaty after treaty, in whicli the inter-
ests of his countiy were guarded with patriotic
vigilance. ... To the Presidential chair he
brought the wisdom of mature years, great ex-
perience, and unusual ability. — IJidi'ATIi's U. S.,
c'l. 53, p. 423.
1601. DIRECTNESS commanded. Emperor of
Jiiimrt. The railroad between St. Petersburg
and Moscow was built by two American engi-
neers named Winans and Wilson. They laid
it out first as they would one in this country, so
as to take in the principal places on the way, for
the purpose of benefiting tiic people and increas-
ing the trafHc. But when the plan was shown
the emperor he drew a .straight line between the
two cities, and said : " Lay out the road on that
line," and they tlid so. Cuts and chasms and
hills were of no account to the imperial will.
This single anecdote illustrates the difference be-
tween a republic and a despotism. In the for-
mer a road is built to accommodate the people ; in
the latter to plea.se the monarch. — Gknekal
Guant's Thavels, p. 248.
lOOa. DISAPPOINTMENT, Bitter. //; rento, ,».
In 1803 the first steamboat of Livingston and
Fulton was built in France upon the Seine.
AVhen she was almost ready for the experimen-
tal trip a misfortune befell her which would
have damiwned the ardor of a man less deter-
mined tliaii Fulton. Rising one morning after
a sleepless night, a messenger from the boat,
Avith horror and despair written upon his coun-
tenance, burst into his presence, exclaiming :
" O sir ! the boat has brolien in pieces and gone
to the bottom !" For a moment Fulton was ut-
terly overwhelmed. Never in his whole life, he
used to say, was he so near despairing as then.
Hastening to the river, he found, incleed, that
the weight of the machinery had broken the
framework of the vessel, and she lay on the bot-
tom of the river, in plain sight, a mass of timber
and iron. Instantly, witii his own hands, ho
began the work of raising her, and kept at it,
without food or rest, for twenty-four hours — an
exertion which permanently injured his health.
His death in the prime of life was, in all prob-
abilitj', remotely caused by the excitement, ex-
posure, and toil of that terrible day and night,
— Cyclopedia of Biou., p. 156.
DISAPPOINTMENT— DISASTER.
191
1603. DISAPPOINTMENT, Fatal. (licern.
When Cicero stood for the prii-torsliip he hiid
inany coinpelitois wlio were |)erson.s of distiru-
lioii, and yet he was returned first. As a presi-
dent in tlie courts of justice tic acted with ;,n'eat
intej^rity and honor. Licinius Macer, avIio liad
great interest of liisown, and was supported, he-
side, with tliat of ('rassus, was accused I)efore
liiin of some default witli respect to money. He
had so much contidence in hi'' own inthience and
tlie activity of his friends, that when the judj^es
were going to decide the eau.se, it is said he went
lioine, cut his hair, and put on a white hal)it, as
if he had gained the; victory, and was aliout io
return so etiuipped to Wxa forum. But ('rassus
met him in his court-yard, and told him that all
tlie jiulgi's had given a verdict against him ;
which airected him in such a manner that he
turned in again, took to his lied, and died. —
I'LLUAltCIl's Cl< KKO.
1601. DISAPPOINTMENT overruled, (horfjc
MuUt'V. [He had collected funds for building
his large Orphan House, and, as usual, he begun
to jiray for Providence to open the way for tlie
l)urchase of a jilot of ground.] After waiting
upon him for thirteen weeks, he heard one morn-
::!g that asuitalile piece of ground might be i)ur-
cha.sed on Ashley Down. At seven o'clock in
the evening, therefore, of the .same day he called
upon the owner of the property, a nii'rc.'hant, who
— he was told — would at that hour be at home ;
but not finding him at his own house, as was er-
])ected, ho proceeded — directed by the servants —
to his counting-house, where, they said, he would
be sure to meet with him. Upon arriving there,
however, he was Informed that the gentleman
had just left his counting-hou.sc and had returned
to his own residence. "Now," thought Mr.
jyiiiller, " shall 1 go again to him, or — as the hand
of God surely is in this — shall I wait until to-
morrow ? but as I was told that he would cer-
tainly be found either at home or at his count-
ing-house, and at both places I have failed to
meet him, it may be better to wait until to-
morrow." Accordingly, the next morning, at
nine o'clock, he called upon the merchant, who
said to him at once : " I have heard about your
vi.sit, and of your desire to purchase land in or-
der to build an Orphan House upon it. For three
Lours last night I lay awake, and during that
time kept on thinking : If this gentleman (;omes
again, I must sell the ground to him for £120
instead of £200 an acre ; and now I am willing
to let you have it at that price." This kind pro-
jmsiil was immediately accepted, and in less than
ten minutes a contract was .signed for the pur-
chase of seven acres. — Life of Geouge MtJL-
LEK, p. 35.
1605. DISAPPOINTMENT, Trial by. Cohnn-
hvs. While Columbus, his pilot, and several of
his experienced mariners were studj'ing the map,
and endeavoring to make out from it their actual
position, they heard a shout from the Pinta, and
looking up, beheld Martin Alonzo Pinzon mount-
ed on the stern of his vessel crying, ' ' Land ! land I
Seiior, I claim my reward !" lie pointed at the
same time to the south-west, where there was in-
deed an appearance of land at about twenty-live
leagues' di.stance. Upon this Columbus threw
himself on his knees and returned thanks to God ;
aid Martin Alonzo repeated the Gloria in excel-
HiH, in which he was joined by his own crew and
that of th(! admiral. The .seamen now mounted
to.tlK! masthead or climlK-d about the rigging,
.straining their eyes in the direction iiointed . . .
out. The morning light, however, put an end
to all their hojies, as to a dream. The fancied
land i)roved tolx^ nothing but an evening cloud,
and had vanished in the night. — InviNo's Co-
i.UMius, liook !{, ch. 4.
1606. DISAPPOINTMENT with Viotorjr. lUch-
(ird I. I Richard the Lion-hearted. Third Cru-
.sade. ] The English nKiiiarch went on from vic-
tory to victory. The most remarkable of his bat-
tles was that near to Ascalon, wIktc he engaged
and defeated Saladin [King of Jerusalem], the
most renowned of the Saracen monarchs, and left
40,000 of the enemy dead on the (ield. Ascalon
surrendered, as did .several other cities, to the vic-
torious Richard, who now jirejiared for the siego
of .lerusalem [the cajiture of which was the ob-
ject of this great enterprise]; but at the most im-
portant crisis, which if fortunate — as everything
seemed to promise — would have terminated tlu!
<'.\pe'Mtion in the most glorious manner, the King
of England, on a review of his army, found them
so wasted with famine, with fatigue, and even
with victory, that with the utmost mortifica-
tion of heart he was obliged to entirely adandoii
the enterprise. The war was tinished by atruco
with Saladin. — Tvti.eh's Hist., IJook 6, ch. 8.
1607. DISAPPOINTMENTS in Life. Fomi-
tdin of Youth. ^lany Spaniards were killed ; the
survivors were forced to hurry to their shijis ;
Ponce de Leon himself, mortally wounded by an
arrow, returned to Cuba to die. So ended the
adventurer who had coveted immense wealth,
and had hoped for perpetual youth. — Ban-
cuoft's Hist, of U. S., ch. 2.
160§. DISASTER concealed. Gcnentl Nmh of
North Cai'olina. [At the battle of Germantown]
a round shot from the British artillery . . . pass-
ing through his liorse shattered the general'.^*
tlii^h on the opposite side. The fall of the ani-
mal hurled its unfortunate rider with considera-
ble force to the ground. With surpassing cour-
age and presence of mind General Nash, cover-
ing his wound with botli hands, gayly called to
his men, " Never mind me ; I've had a devil of a
tumble ; rush on, my boj-.s — rush on the enemy ;
I'll be after j'ou presently." [In a few days he
died.] — CusTis' AVasiiinoton, vol. 1, ch. 4.
16O0. DISASTER, Energy by. Romans. [At
the battic of Canine, with Hannibal and his Car-
thaginians,] the Roman army was entirely cut to
pieces. Forty thousand were left dead on tho
field . . . almost the whole body of the Roman
knights. . . . The Romans, amid the conster-
nation of so great di.saster, displaj'ed a magna-
nimity truly heroic. The Senate, on the first re-
port of the fate of their army, ordered the gates
of the city to be shut, lest the exaggerated intel-
ligence of thos(! who fied from the fight should
add to the general alarm. The women were forbid-
den to stir out of their liou.ses, lest their cries and
lamentations should dispirit those who had their
country to defend ; aiui the senators exerted
them.selves in every (piarter to di.spel the fears of
the people. Varro, from the wreck of the army,
was able to collect 10,000 men ; with these lie
repaired to Rome to defend the city, in case Han-
nibal, as wa-s expected, should immediately at-
■ ■i«fgP»*
'■'TiiiiiirirN'i'iiT iT
Iti;
PISCIIARdi:— DISCIPLINE.
lack it. This inciiHuro wiisunfloublt'dly his wis-
est j)()ii('V, iiiul he WHS slroiiifiy urgtnl to it Itv
Maherbiil. one of his(i!)lf'st olHccrs. It iippciinMi,
liowevcr, to Hiiiiiiii)iil ii(l(>ui)tful enterprise ; uikI
■wliilo he d(^lil)erale(l tin; ()i)p(>rtmiity was josl.
Varro, wliose temerity was tlx; cause of tills i,n-eiit
disaster, on approachiiii^ Uouk! witli tlu! sliat-
tered remains of tlic army, wiiom Ik! had ^vith
niueli pains collected, was'inet by the Senate, and
received their solenui thanks, hccaitiu; he had iint
despaired of the rc/niMir. The etrect of this
spirited conduct was wonderful. Th(! citizens
thronged to carry their money to the ])ublic tn^as-
ur}'. All above the atje of seventeen, of what-
ever rank, enrolled themselves, and formed an ar-
my of four legions and 10,()(M) liorse. Eight
tliousuud of tlie slaves voluntarily offered their
services, and with the consent of their masters
were embodied and armed, [a.d. 214. Hanni-
bal failed in his enterprise.] — TvTUiit'H llisr..
Book 3, eh. 9.
1610. DISCHABGE, An honored. Jieif/n of
Char/en II. Ilalifa.x . . . openly accused Uoches-
ter of malversation. An in(juiry took place. Itajv
l)eared that £40,000 had been lost to the public
by the mismanagement of the first lord of the
treasury. In consequence of this discovery, he
was not only forced to relintpiish liis hopes of
the white staff, but was removed from the direc-
tion of the finances to the more dignified but less
lucrative and importaat post of Lord-President.
*'I have .seen people kicked down-stairs before,"
said Halifa.x, " but my Lord Rochester is the first
])ersou that I ever saw kicked up-stairs. " —
Macaulay's Eng., cli. 2, p. 259.
161 1. DISCIPLESHIF, Honor of. ConnUintine.
The l)ishoi)s whom he summoned, in his last ill-
ness, to the palace of Nicomedia, were edified
by the fervor with which be requested and re-
ceived the .sacrament of baptism, by the solemn
protestation that the remainder of his life should
l)e worthy of a disciple of Obri.st, and by his hum-
hie refusal to wear the imperial purple after he
Iiad been clothed in the white garment of a ne-
ophyte. — Gibbon's Ko.mk, ch. 20, p. 273.
1612. DISCIPLINARIAN, Talued. Baron SUii-
heii. Uaron Steuben, a veteran soldier and <li.sci-
l)linariun from the army of Frederick the Great
. . , repaired to York, where Congress was in
session. From that body he received a conunis-
sion, and at once joined Washington at Valley
Forge. His acce,ssion to tlie American army was
an event of great importance, lie received the
appointment of Inspector-General, tuid from tlu;
day in which he entered upon the discharge of
liis duties there was a marked improvement in
the conditiou and discipline of the soldiers. TIk;
American regulars were never again beaten when
confronted by the British in equal numbers. —
liiDPATii's U. S., ch. 41, p. 328.
1613. DISCIPLINE, Failure of. Ilmuuw. [Pe-
rennis, a servile and ambitious minister, was ob-
noxious to the army. Reign of Commodus. ] The
legions of Britain, discontented with the admin-
istration of Perennls, formed a deputation of
1500 select men, with in.structions to march to
Home, and lay their complaint.s before the em-
peror. These military petitioners, by their own
determined behavior, by inflaming tlie divisions
of the guards, by exaggerating the strength of
the British army, and by alarming the fears of
Commodus, exai^ted and olilnined the minister's
death, as the only redresH of their grievances.
This presnnqition of a distant army, and th(!ir
discovery of the weakness of government, was
!i sure i)resageoi the most dreadful convulsions.
— (JllUlONS ilo.MK, ch. 4, p. 107.
1614. . Coiintnntine'ii Arm;/. The
ino.st flourishing cities were opj)res.sed by th(! in-
tolerable weight of (juarters. TIk- .soldiers ins<'n-
sibly forgot the virtues of their ])rofession, and
contracted only Uie vices of civil life. They were
either degrad(Mi by the industry of met^hanii;
trades or enervate<l by the lu.vury of baths and
theatres. They soon became <'areless of their
martial exerci.ses, curious in their diet and ap-
parel ; and while they inspired terror to the; sul)-
j jects of the em])lre, they trembled at the lio.stilo
approach of the barbarians. — ■Giiiiio.N's Romk,
ch. 17, p. 127.
1615. DISCIPLINE. Impossible. lin-f/n of
Charkx II. [Tiie Earl of Mulgrave, not tlireu
months afloat,] was appointed captain of a ship
of eighty-four guns, reputed the finest in the
navy. . . . The .same interest [avarice] which
had jilaced him in a post for whuth he v\as unfit
maintained him tliere. No admiral, bearded by
theise corrupt and dissolute minions of the pal-
ace, dared to do more than mutter something
al)out a court-martial. If any officer showed u
higher .sen.sc; of duty than his fellows, he soon
found that he lost money without acquiring hon-
or. One captain, who, by strictly obeying the
orders of the Admiralty, mi.ssed a cargo [offered
for sjife conveyance m\ board a man-of-war]
which Avould have been worth ,£4<)00 to him,
was told by Charles [II.], Avith ignol)le levity,
that he was a great fool for his pains. — Ma
CAii.Avs Eno., ch. 3, p. 282.
1 616. DISCIPLINE, Military, Bclisa r i u ft.
[The Roman general] was endeared to the hu.s-
bandmen by the peace and plenty which tliey
enjoyed under the shadow of his standard. In-
stead of being injured, the country was enriched
by the march of the Roman armies ; and such
was the rigid dis(,'ipline of their cam]), that
not [a complaint was made against tlie piesenco
of his army].— Gibbon's Romk, ch. 41, p. 183.
1617. . Roman. [Roman Emper-
or Aurelian.] His military regulations are con-
tained in a very couciise epistle to one of liis in-
ferior offlcers, who is comraantled to enforce
them, as he wishes to become a tribune or as he
is desirous to live. Gaming, drinking, and tlio
arts of divination were severely prohibited. Au-
relian expected that his soldiers .should be mod-
est, frugal, and laborious ; that their armor
should be constantly kept bright, their weapons
sharp, their clothing and horses ready for imme-
diate .service ; that they should live in their quar-
ters with chastity and sobrietj'', without damag-
ing the cornfields, without stealing even a sheep,
a fowl, or a bunch of grapes, witliout exacting
from their landlords eitlier salt, or oil, or wood.
" The jiublic allowance," continues the emperor,
"is sufficient for their support; their wealth
should be collected from the spoils of the enemy,
not from the tears of the provincials." — Gibbon's
lioME, cb. 11, p. 340.
1618. DISCIPLINE resented. Athcdaric. \T\xo,
young Emperor of Rome. ] Una solemn festival,
DlHtlPLINK— DISCOUI).
loa
when the Gotlis wore Rsm-mhlcil in tlio piilucc of
Itiivenim, the royal yoiitli esciiped from hin moth-
er's upiirtmetit, and, with tears of pride and aii-
;j;er, complained of a blow which his stiii)lM)rii
(lisoliedience had i)rov()l<ed lier to iiitlict. 'I'he
U'irimrians resented tlie indijrnity wliicli liad been
olTered to llieirkinuf ; accnsed ilie re^jcnt of coii-
si)irin,ir nirainst iiis life and crown ; and imperi-
ously demandi^d that the ^'randson of 'rh<'odori('
should he rescued from Ww. dastardly discipline
of women and jx'danls, and edncated, like a val-
iant (loth, in llie soeii^ty of Ids eipials and the
^dorions iM-noranci^ of liis ancestors. . . . The
lunL; of Italy wasal)andoned lo wine, to women,
and lo rustic sports. . . . At the i\iH', of sixteen
was consinn(nl l)y iiremalnn! intemperanci'. —
(tllJHONH UoMK, ch. 41, p. 148.
1619. DISCIPLINE, Severe. Romrnm. [fnthe
Roman army it| was ini|)ossihle for cowardicis
or disuliedience to escapi^ tin; severest pnnisli-
ment. The centiirioi.s were antliorized to clias-
tis(! with blows, the irenerals had a riuht to j)un-
ish w'th death ; aiKl it was an inflexible maxim
of }{oman diseii)line, that a j^ood soldier should
dread his ollicers far more than tint en<'iny. . . .
The valor of the Imperial troojjs received a dcfri'ee
of tirmness :irid docility unattainable by the im-
petuous and .iregular jiassions of barbarians. —
Gir.noNs Komio, ch. 1, p. IH.
1620.
If en ry V L [The boy
TIenry (Henry VI.), in accordance with the will
of his" dying fatlier, was i)Iaced uniler the tutelage
of the Earl of Warwick.] The system of educa-
tion . . . pursued nught not have been the best
fitted for a sensitive boy. The tutor ap{)lied to
the council for powers, winch were granted, to
hold the pupil under the strictest discipline, even
after he laid been crowned king in 1429 [Henry
lieing nin(! years old]. lie was not to be spoken
to unless in the presence of Warwick and of the
lour knights appointed to be about his jierson,
"as the king, by the speech of others ])rivate,
lias been stirred from his learning, and spoken
to of divers matters not behooveful." The coun-
cil promised that they would firmly assist tlie
earl in chastising the king for Ids defaults. —
Knioht's Eno., vol. 2, ch. 5, p. 79.
1621. . Cromwell. An interesting
Incident illustrates Cromwell's strict severity in
exacting compliance from Ins own army, with
its articles. When information was laid before
him by the ranqvinhed that they had been plun-
dered by some of his .soldiers on leaving the city,
contrary to the terms granted to them, he or-
dered tiie offenders to be tried by a court-martial,
at which they were sentenced to death. Where-
upon he ordered the unfortunate men, who were
six in number, to cast lots for the first sufferer ;
and after his execution sent the remaining five,
with a suitable explanation, to Sir Thomas Glen-
ham, Governor of Oxford, recpiesting him to
deal with them as he thought fit ; a piece of
conduct which so charmed the Royalist officer,
that he immediately returned the men to CJrom-
well, with a grateful compliment, and expression
of mucli respect. — Hood's Chomwell, ch. 10,
p. 139.
leaa. discipline, Value of. The Arii. In
the Lygian nation the Arii held the first rank
by their numbers and fierceness. "The Arii"
(it Is (inis that they are descrilM'd by the energy
of Tacitus) "study to improve l)y art and cir-
cumstances the imiate terrors of their barbarism.
Their shields are black, their bodies are painted
l)lack. They choose for the (londiat the darkest
hour of the night. Their host advances, cov«'red
as it wer(! with a fimeral shade ; nor do they
often find an enemy capal)!*; of sustaining so
Strang!" and infernal an aspect. Of all ovn-
senses, the eyes are the first vanciuished in battle. "
Vet the armsaiid iliscipline of the Homanseasiiy
discomfited these horrid phantoms. — Guuion's
KoMK, ch. 12, ]). ;!H().
16a:i. discipline, Want of. mitnry. [Ju-
lian, who bought theolliceof iMiiperor of Home
at auction, was endangered by tluMii)proach of
Severus with his legions. 1 Fear and shame jire-
vented the guards from (leserling his standard ;
but they trembled at the name of the Pannonian
legions, commanded by an exjierienced gem-ral,
and accustomed to vanquish the barbarians on
th(! frozen I)anul)e. Tliey (piitted with a sigh
the jileasures of the bathsand theatres, to jiut on
arms, whose uses they had almost forgotten, and
ben<'alh the weight of which they were oppress-
ed. The un]iraclised elephants, whose uncouth
appearance, it was hoiied, would strike terror
into the army of the north, threw tln^ir unskilful
riders ; and the awkward evolutions of the ma-
rines, drawn from the fleet of Misenum, Avere an
ol)ject of ridicule to the populace ; while th<!
Senate enjoyed, with .secret pleasure, the distress
and weakness of the usurper. — Giuuon's Romk,
cli. 5, p. 136.
1624. DISCORD, Dangers of. At Mnreiannp-
olis. Lupicinus [the military govcrnorof Thrace]
had invited the Gothic chiefs to a sjilendid en-
tertainment ; and their martial train remained
under arms at the entrance of the palace. But
the gates of the city were strictly guarded, and
the barbarians were sternly excluded from tlie
use of a plentiful market, to w hich they asserted
their ecpial claim of subjects and allies. Their
humble prayers were rejected with insolence and
derision ; and as their patience was now exhaust-
ed, the townsmen, the soldiers, and the Goths
were soon involved in a conflict of passionate al-
tercation and angry reproaches. A blow was
imiirudently given ; a sword was liastily drawn ;
and the first blood that was sjjilt in this acci-
dental quarrel became the signal of a long and
destructive war. In the midst of noise and bru-
tal intemperance Lupicinus was informed, by a
secret messenger, that many of his soldiers were
slain and despoiled of their arms ; and as In;
was already inflamed by wine and oppressed by
sleep, he issued a rash command, that their death
should be revenj^ed by the massacre of the guards
of Fritigern and Alavivus. [The Romans were
defeated, and the Goths became independent cit-
izens of the empire.] — Gihbon's Ro.mk, ch. 26,
p. 36.
1625. DISCOBD, Perverted by. Cnmulers.
[About 2()(),()00 crusaders joined the second at-
tempt to res(;ue the Holy Sepulchre in a.d. 1146.]
The Turks cut them entirely to pieces, and Hugh,
their leader, died helpless and abandoned in
Asia. The situation of Jerusalem at this time
was extremely weak ; the numbers of the garri-
son were greatly reduced. Even the monks,
who were at first instituted to serve the sick and
j'^
194
DISCORD— DISCOVERY.
■wo\in(le(l, wcro oblii^cd to nrin in tlie common
(U'fcnce, iind tlu-y iisHociiitcd tlicinselvcs into ii
military socli'ty called Templars and Hospital-
lers. This was the orif^in of these two orders of
kni;;hts, who afterward sii^nuli/ed themselves
by their exploits, and lieconiini; rivals, fou^dit
OfiiiiiiMt t'lii'h ol/ti'r with as much keenness as ever
they had done a.ijainst tlic^ inlldels. — Tvti.ku's
iliHT., Hook (), ell. i), p. \r>H.
I6il0. DISCORD, Shameful. h'/n/Hmrs. [Cnv-
ncalla and Oeta, the sons of Servius, were l)olh
<'hosen by th(( armv to sncceed their deceased
father.) Such a divided form of j^overnment
■would have proved a source of discord between
the most alTcclionate brothers. It wasimi)ossibl(!
thatitcould lonjj; subsist between two implacable
enemies, who neither desired nor could trust a rec-
onciliation. It was visiblt! that one oidy could
reij^n, and that the other must fall ; and each of
them, judLcim; of his rival's desiirns by his own,
j^narded his life with the most jealous vij.;ilaMc<!
jfroin the repeated attacksof jioison orthe sword.
Their rapid journey thro\if,d» Gaul and Italy,
during whicih they never ate at the .same table
orslept in the same house, displayed toting ])r()v-
incea the odious spectacle! of fraternal discord.
On their arrival at Ronu; they inunediately di-
vided the vast extent of the imperial i)alace. No
communication was allowed bitween their apart-
ments ; the doors and i)a.ssages were diligently
fortified, and guards posted and relieved with
the same strictness as in a besieged i)lacc. The
emperors met only in pid)lic, in the presence of
their afflicted mother, and each .surrounded l)y
a numerous train of armed followers. Kven on
these occasions of ceremony the dis.simnlation
of courts could ill disguise tlie rancor of their
hearts. — GinnoN's Ro.mk, ch. 6, p. \')^^.
1627. DISCOUEAOEMENT difficult. J'/tf/riinx'
Petition, tt> the Ijondon ('oiajxiiii/. " \Ve ar(' well
weaned," addeil Robinson and Brewster, "from
the delicate milk of our mother country, and
inured to the difHcuIties of a strange land ; the
people are indu.strious and frugal. We are
knit together as a body in a most .sacred cov(!-
nant of the Lord, of the violation whereof we
make great consc'ience, and by virtue whereof
we hold ourselves straitly tied to idl care of ea<'h
other's ^ood, and of the whole. It is not with
us as with men whom .small things can discour-
age." — Bancroft's U. S., vol. 1, ch. H.
162§. DISCOTJSAOEMENT, Discontent of. 7>V-
sicgement of Mew York. a.d. 177f). llowe and
forty-five ships, or more, laden with troops, had
arrived off Sandy Hook, and the whole fieet
[wa.s] expected in a day or two. . . . [Wash-
ington wrote to Congress :] I am hopeful. . . .
Heed, the new adjutant-general, quailed before
the inequality of the British and American force,
and thus in private described the state of the
American camp : "With an army of force be-
fore and a secret one behind, we stand on a
point of land with 6(100 old troops — if a year's
service of about half can entitle them to the
name — and about l.'iOO new levies of this [New
York] province, many disaffected and more
doubtful ; every man, from the general to the
private, acquainted with our true situation is
exceedingly di.scouraged ; had I known the true
pasture of affairs, no consideration would have
tempted me to liave taken an active part in this
scone; and this sentiment is universal." — Ban-
chokt'h U. S., vol. 8, ch. OS).
1699. DISCOURAOEMEMT, Superior to. S<im-
vel Addim. Dittlculties could not discourago
his decision, nor danger appall his fortitude. . . .
Of dcsi)ondency he knew nothing; trials only
nervcil him for sujx'rior struggles ; his sul)limo
and unfaltering hope had a (.'ast of solemnity,
and was as much a part of his nature as if hi.s
coiilidcnci! sprung from insight into the divine
decrees, and was as firm as a sincere Calvinist's
assurance of his election. — IJAiNckukt's L'. S.,
vol. T), ch. 10.
■ ((.to. DISCOUBAOEMENTS, Ministerial. Ma-
hoiiut. One evening, after pa.ssing all the; day
in tlu! city engaged in preaching to deaf ears tho
convictions which he was .so full of, and which
he deemed it duty to cast abroad at any hazard,
even on the rock, he returiud homo without
having met, said he, a single being, man or
woman, frei; or slave, who had not tlo'itccl him
as an imiiostor, or who had been willing to pay
a moment's attention tolas iireaching. — La.maii-
Ti.Nic's Tlukkv, p. 79.
1031. DISCO'VERIES, Accumulative, Ixxac,
Newton. With his noble modesty, he said : "If
I have .seen farthei than Descartes it is by stand-
ing on the shoulders of giants." In a corporeal
.sen.se he was .seated in his mother's orchard, but
it was from the height which (yopernicus and
(Salileo had brought the science of astronomy
that he contemplated the; fall of the apples. The
grand mystery that remained to be elucidated
was, AN'liat is the force that retains the planets
and moons in their spheres ? Why does not tlic!
moon fly oil" into space 'I — Cyci.oi'kdia of Biog. ,
p. ^11.
Itt32. DISCOVERY, Age of. Af/e of Galileo.
The age of Kepler and Oalilco was the era of
great (liscoveries in the arts and sciences. The in-
vention of the tele.scoiH! gave rise to a thou.sand
experiments by means of gla.sses ; and the
.science of optics received great improvements.
The new discoveries in astronomy led to ini-
provements in navigation ; and geometry, of
course, made rai)id advances toward perfection.
The science of algc^bra, which Europe is said to
have owed to the Arabians, as well as the num-
eral cijihers, contributed greatly to abridge the
labor of calculation, as did still more the inven-
tion of logarithms, discovered in the year 1614,
by Napier of JMerchiston. The improvement of
mechanics kept jiace with the advancement of
geometry ; and the science of natural philosophy
was .successfully cultivated in all its branches.
The Torricellian exiieriment, made about the
year 1640, determined the height of the atmos-
jihere. Experiments ui)on the oscillations of
pendulums, which were found always to pre-
serve an ccjual time, though the spaces de-
scribed were unequal, suggested the idea of
applying the pendulum to regulate the motion."*
of a clock ; and the observaticm that adding to its
weight adds nothing to the celerity of its motion
led to the conclusion that the velocity with
which a body gravitates to the centre is not in
proportion to its weight. Galileo had discovered
the laws which determine this velocity. The
ardor of prosecuting discoveries extended itself
through the whole of the sciences. In the year
1616 Dr. Harvey made tlie great discovery of
DISCOVERY— DISEASE,
l'J.>
the circulation of tlic l)loo(l.— Tyti.eu's IIiht.,
Hook 6, ci>. HO.
1«33. DISCOVERY, Ambition for. Prince
Henry. Prince llciiry, tlu^suii of Joiiii, Kiii^fof
Portuf^ul, was ti youii;; iiiiin of gri'iit tulciits,
j)oasi'NHi'(l of that ardor wliicli is fitted to patron-
ize and ])roniot>> every l)enefieial design, and
tliat entlmsiasni wldcli tlie dangers and ditlicid-
ties of an enterprise ratiier inllanie tliaii relax.
Struck with the success of this (irst attempt of
his countrymen, he endeavored to eni^aj^e in
Ids Hervic(!'all wlio were enunent for liieir sl<ill
in navitjation, holli l'ortUfi;uese and forei^'ners.
His first elTort, however, was with a single slup,
wiiicli was desi)atched witli instructions to at-
tempt, if possilile, tlio doul)lini,' of Cape Hoya-
dor. Tile mariners, as us\iai, were afraid to
(|uit fho coasts, and conseciuently encountered
nundjerless dilllcvilties. A stiiial! of wind, how-
ever, driving them out to sea, landed tlii'm on a
small island to tlu; north of JIadeira, which tiiey
named Porto Santo; thenco they returned to
Portugal to give an accoiuit of their discovery.
Three ships were fitted out by Princ(! Henry the
«id)sequent year, which, jiassing Porto Santo,
discovered the island which they denominated
.Madeira, from its hv'xng covered in'th iroixl. Here
they fixed a small colony, and planted slips of
the Cyprus vine, and of the sugar-cane from
Sicily" for both which productions the island was
remarkably favorable. I have formerly' observed
that it was from this island that the sugar-cane
was trans])lanted to the West Indies, of which it
is notanative. — Tvti,ku'sHist., Hook 0, ch.18.
1631. DISCOVERY, Heart-breaking. Henri/ II.
[His two .sons, Geoffrey and Richard, joined
Philij), King of France, in the invasion and j)hui-
dering of their father's continental domiinons.
He agreed to u treaty with mortifying conces-
sions. He agreed] . . . to give a free pardon to
all his rebellious lords and vassals. A list was
presented to him of their names, among whom
he saw that of his son John, his favorite child,
Avliom he had till tliat moment l)elieved faithful
to his duty. The unhappv father broke out in cx-
l)ressions of the utmost (lespair ; cursed the day
on whi(;h he had received his miserable '>eing,
and bestowed on bis ungrateful children a male-
diction, whi(;h lie could never be prevailed on
to retract ; >\ lingering fever, caused by a broken
lieiirt, soon after terminated his life, liichard, it
is said, came to view the body of his father, and,
struck with remorse, accused himself in the
deepest terms with having contributed by his
unnatural conduct to bring his parent to the
grave. Thus died Henry, in the fifty-eighth
year of his age, an ornament to the 'English
throne and a monarch surpassing all his contem-
poraries in the valuable qualities of ii sovereign.
— Tytleu's Hist., Book 6, cli. 8.
1635. DISCOVERY, A simple, ChnrU\<t Good-
year. In the fifth year of his investigations a
glorious success rewarded him. He made one
of the simplest and yet (me of the mo.st useful
discoveries which has ever beer, made in the
United States. It was this : take a piece of
common, sticky India rubber, sprinkle upon it
powdered sulphur, put it into an oven heated to
two hundred and seventy-five degrees, bake it
a short time, and it comes out a new material,
which has all the good properties of india rub-
ber, without that liability to harden in cold
weather and dis.solve in warm, which had hither-
to batiled all his endeavors to turn it to useful
account. ... By varying the proportions of
heat \w could maki^ it as soft or as hard as he;
pleased. — (.'vci.orioDiA ok Hioo., J). ^'1H.
1 636. DISCOVERY unappreciated. /'" I n t o.
[Columiius and his men wen? scan liiiig for
gold and spices in the West Indies.] In the;
course of their researches in the vegetalilc king-
dom, in (piest of the luxuries of coinmerce,
they met with the potato, a humble mot, little
valued at the time, but a more precious accpu-
sition to man than all the si)ices of the East. —
Iitvi.N<r.s Coi,i:.MHts, Hook 4, ch. 4.
1637. DISCRETION better than Valor. <'l„nhn
V. [When tlu^ English invaded Prance in
I!??!?] diaries strictly charged his generals to
adhere to the plan of cautious defensive warfare,
and never (o accept a great battle. " Let the
storm rage," said he ; " retire before it ; it will
soon exhaust it.self." [Such was the re>ult.j —
Stidknts' Fk.vnck, ch. 10, J^ 17.
163M. DISEASE, Destructive. Jrmi/. Among
the cities which the barliarians ruined, (ienoa,
not yet constructed of marble, is i)artieularly
enun'ierated ; luid the deaths of thousands, ac-
cording to tlie regular practice of war. appear
to have excited less horror than some idolatrous
sacrifices of women and children, which were
jK-rformed with impunity in the cam]) of the
most Christian king. If' it were not a melan-
choly truth, that the first and most cruel suffer-
ings must be the lot of the innocent and helj)-
less, history might exult in the misery of thecon-
(pierors, who, in the midst of riches, were left
destitute of bread or wine, reduced to drink the
waters of the Po, and to feed on the flesh of
distempered cattle. The dy.sentery swept away
one third of their army. — GiiiiiON's Romk, ch,
41, p. 177.
1630. DISEASE, "Literary." Leir/J, Hunt.
[He aided his lirother in conducting a London
paper.] In the midst of his hibors he fell into
ill-health and melancholy ; palpitations, hypo-
chondria, dys])epsia — in other words, the "lite-
rary disease" had attacked him. He recovered
by ceasing his occupation for a time and taking
exercise.— Smii.kh' HuiiiF Hioouaphies. p. 305.
1640. DISEASE, Peculiarities of, Sir Walter
Scott. Twelve days before the final failure —
which was announced to him on the 17th of
.January, 182(1 — he enters in his diary : " Much
alarnie(l. 1 had walked till twelve "with Skene
and Russell, and then sat down to my work.
To my horror and surprise I could neither write
nor .spell, but put down one word for another,
andwrote nonsense. I was much overpowered at
the same time, and could not conceive the rea.
.son. I fell asleep, however, in my chair, and
slept for two hours. On my waking my head
was clearer, and I began to recollect that last
night I had taken the anodyne left for the pur-
pose by Clarkson, and being disturbed in the
course of the night, I had not .slept it off." In
fact, the hyoscyamus had, combined with his
anxieties, given him a slight attack of what is
now called aphasia, tliat brain disease the most
striking symptom of which is that one word is
mistaken for another. — Hutton's Scott, ch. 15.
100
DIHEAHK-niS(U ISK.
■ All. DISEASE, PrsTsntable. Cnmirrtl. A
nlow iiitcniiiilcnt trvcr wizcd liim. lIcHlni;^-
jflcd willi iIk' (list iillack no suwcsMfiilly, tliiit
no line alioiit liiiii Niispcctcd lie wii.h Ht'i'ioii.sly
ill. Till' lever lieeimie leilliiii and more aciUf ;
lii.s Kiienjith was rapidly K'viiiu; way, Tlie pliy-
HJcMaiiH Mininioned Ironi London allriliiiled llie
disease lo the had air en^rcndered liy liieniarsjiy
and illdraiiied hanks of liie 'I'lianies, wliieli
joined the liardens ol' Hampton Cowil. lie was
lirDnLtlil liaek lo WIdleliall, as if I'rovidenee liati
decreed lliat, lie should die hefore the same win-
dow of the saiiK! [lalace, in front of which he
liad ordered to he constrncte<l, (en years liefore,
the sealVold of his royal victim [( harles I.J —
L.VM.MITINK's CUO.MWKM,, p. 77.
liVl'i. DISEASE, Protection from. Ohio S,l
iJi'iiiiht. S conlanious disease in\ aded the nd\-
ed po|)nIali(ai [of Canadians and Indians) ; the
Indians, with c.\trava,nant ccremoiues, .sacriliced
torty doirs to ai)pease (heir maiuloii ; and when
they liet;an to apprehend that the manit(ai of
(he French was nioic i)oweifid than their own,
tiie medicine nu'ii woidd walk naind the fort in
circles, cryinir out, " \Ve are dead ; gently,
manitou of (lie French, strike trently, do not
kill IIS all. (iood maniton, inasler of life and
death, leave death within tliy colfer ; i,'ivelife."
. . , The dreadful mortality hroke up (he .set-
tlement. — U.vncuokt's f. !S!, vol. ;(, eh. 'l\.
161^. DISEASE in Religion. Mithmnd. lie
aflfctcil a solitary life ; hestowed a j;reat deal
in charity ; retired at times to the desert, and
])rc((!nded that he held conferences with the
angel Gahriel. 'X\\v cpilepvsy, a disea.se to which
lie was sultject, was, lie j)relendcd, a iliviiu' ec-
stasy, or raptnrt\ in which ho wius adnutled (o
the con(emplation of Paradise. lie made his
wife Mil accomplice in (he cliea(, 'iiid she puh-
lislied his visions and revelries (o all the iieijih-
horliood. In a short time the whole city of
Mecca talked of nothing Iml Mahomet. — Tvt-
i.ek's Hist., Book 6, cli. 1.
1«44. DISEASE, Survival of, N/V Walter
Scntt. In the .si'cond year of ScotCs ai)pn;n(ice-
sliip, at ahoiit the age of .sixteen, he had an at-
tack of hemorrhage, no recurrence of which
took place for some forty years, l»ut which was
then the lieginniiig of the end. During this ill-
ness silence was absolutely imposed upon him
— two old ladies jiutting their fingers on their
lips whenever he offered to speak. — IIltton's
Iavk uv Sik Waltimi Scott, cli. 2.
Itf'l5. DISOBACE, Humiliating'. (Iiiimd fxe.
&.t Monmouth [N. J.] . . . the Bridsii were over-
wken. . . . General Ijce was oriiered to attack
Uie enemy. The tirst onset was made hy the
Ainerican cavalry, under Lafayette, hut they
were driven back hy C'ornwallis and Clinton,
Lc*, who had opposed the haltle, and was not
anxious for yictory, ordered his line (o fall back
to u sd'onger jiosition ; but the troops nii.stook
the order, and begixn a retreat, the British charg-
ing after them, Washington met the fugitives,
rallied them, ndniini.stered a .severe rebuke to
Lee, and ordered him to the rear, [The Ameri-
cans succeeded, and the British withdrew in the
night.] — IUdpatii's U, S., eh, 41, p. 3;]1,
1646. DISOBACE, Insupportable. Clotilda.
[Clotilda was one of the ei'rly (|ueeiis of France.]
Hv a hiiHe artillre Childehertand ('ioddre dec«)y-
e(l (heir neph<-ws into their power, and thensetit
a messenger to Clotilda with a pair of Kcis-sors
and a naked sword, bidding her decide whether
the royal youths should lie sliaven, and thus
made incapable of reigning, or he put to death
outright. The(|iieen, almost U'side hersi'lf with
horna', exclaimed that she would rather scu
them dead than degraded. Clotaire, on receiv-
ing this reply, murdered the two eUler princes
with his (»wn hand, — Wii dk.nts' Fua.nci;, eh. 4,
.^ 10, p. -11.
I6ir. DISOBACE, Punishment by. [n ftoi-
iiKii/i'. Criminals were still executed by behead-
ing, and, not iinfrecpiently, by breaking on (he
wiieel. I'clty thefts were punished by inserting
the head of tli(! thief in the head of a barrel, so
that the barrel covered him like a cloak, and in
this costumi; he was marched about the streets,
attended by a guard. No [K'nalty, he .says, was
so much dreaded by petty criminals as this,
[Time of .lohn lldward.] — Cvci.oI'HDIA ok
I6'l«. DISOBACE, Unmerited. ('ohni,/,ii.<>. No
sooner did Boba<lilla hear of his arrival than he
gave orders to put him in irons and conline him
in till' fortri'ss. This out rage to a person of such
dignilied and venerabh; a|)pearance and such
eminent merit .seemed for the time to shock even
his enemies. When the irons were brought,
every one present shrank from the task of put-
ting (hem on him, either from a sentiment of
compassion at so great a reverse of fortune, or
out of habitual reverence; for his iicr.son. To fill
the measure of ingratitude meted out to him, it
was OIK? of his own domestics, " a graceU'ss and
shameless cook," , , , He, with his brothers, was
put in irons and contined on board of a caravel.
They were kept separate; from each other, and
no eommunication ix-rinitted between them.
Bobadilla did not .see (hem himself, nor did he
allow others to visit thein, but kept them in ig-
norance of the cause of their impri-sonnu nt, the
crimes with which they were charged, and the
process that was going on against (hem, [ BoImi-
dilla exceeded his authority, Columbus was for
a time a victim to false representations,] — lu-
y(No's C0LU.VIUUS, Book 13, ch, 4,
1640. DISGUISE betrayed. Ex- Queen Mary.
[In 1568 Mary, ex-<jueen of Scots, made her es-
cajM! from captivity at Lochleven, in-tlie di.sgiusc
of a laundress,] Mary had put on the hood of
her laundress, and had covered her face with a
muHler or veil ; and so, with a bundle of clothes,
she entered a boat that was about to cross the
iiOch, After some space one of them that row-
ed said merrily, " Let us .see what manner of
dame this is," and (herewith otTered (o pull down
her muffler, which to defend she jait up her
hands, whi(>h (hey espied to be very fair and
white, [The boatmen carried her back to the
castle.] — Kniout's Eno, , vol. 3, ch, 10, \). 154.
1650. DISOUISE, Clerical. Ihini/n/i. It may
be doubted whether any Flnglish Dissenter had
suffered more severely under the penal laws than
John Bunyan. Of the twenty seven years which
had elap.sed since the Restoration, he had passed
twelve in conlinement. lie still persisted in
preaching ; but, that he might preach, he was
under the necessity of disguising himself like a
carter. He was often infroduced into meetings
l)IS(}riHF>-DISLIKK.
107
a
through luick donrN, with ii Nniock frock on his
luick mill H whip ill liiH imiiil. — Macailayh
K.to., <h. 7, I). 210.
IttAI. DISGUISE, Dangeroui. f^oiii/i'/nnnp.
[Williuiii tic liOiif^'cliiiiiip, the cxlortiiiiiiilc cliiiii-
• cllor of UJcimrii 1., iiltcmptctl to escape liie
popiiliir fury at Dover. J lie was lame, and walk-
ed down from tlie hei;i^iits of liie easllt- to llie
lieacli, (iisirtiised in a woman's f,'reen j;own of in
(•onveiiient ienj;lli, liaving wome liro\Mi clolli in
liisliand, as if for sale, and carry ini; u nieasuriii;r
rod. H(> Nils upon ii rock on tiit- nliore, and a
tiHherniiiii is riidi! to llu^ 8up|H)H<'d lady. A woin
nil coiiicH up and asks tii(! jtrict^ of an ell of clolli,
to which llie unhap|>y clianeelior can give no
iiiiHwur, for lie iindeislaiids not a word of Kng
llsli. Oilier women gather alK)ul him, and
having pulled olT Ids IkhmI, belield a Hwarthy
mini receiilly .sliaved. He is then ralililed and
dragged tlirough the town, the nun and women
erymg, " CoiiU!, let iisstoiie this monsler ; he is ii
diHgriiec! toeither .se.x. " — IvNio r's Eno., vt)1. 1,
ch. 23. 1). !{l(i.
165:1. DI80UI8E detected. ('I^hHhm PiilrJin:
lie was bold, clever, unpriiK^ipied, and unscru-
pulous, with u slender, uiniiuutive figure, and ii
«lelicut(j womnn'a face. Ills namo was Clodius
Pulcher. Cicero played upon it, and called him
Fulchellus Puur, " tho pretty boy." Hetweeii
this promising young man and Ciesar's wife
Pompeia there had Hi)ruiig uj) an ac(iuaint4iiu!e,
which Clodius was anxious to press to further
extremes. Pompeia wius difllcult of access, her
mother-in-law Aiirelia keeping a strict watch
over her ; and Clodius, who was afraid of noth-
ing, took advanfHge of the Bona Dea f«!stival to
i.iake his way into Cicsiik-'s house dressed as a
woman. Unfortunately for him, his disguisi;
was detected. The insulted Vestals and the other
ladies who were present tlew upon him like tho
dogs of Acticon, tore his borrowed garments
from him, and drove him into the ^ti(;et naked
and wounded. [See result al No. 1942.] —
Froude'b C/Ksau, ch. 12, p. 24.
1653. DISGUISE, Difficult. (!/i<trlrsr. Some-
times the [fugitive] king was " Will .lones," ii
woodman ; then he was changed into " Will
.Jackson," a groom, clad in gray cloth. Once Ik-
had to take Jane Lane's hor.se to a smithy ; it
had cast a shoe, and the smith iK'giin wailing the
non-capture of [King] Charles b>tuarl [now be-
fore him in di.sguisej ; and the king chimed in
that if that rogue could only be taken, he deserv-
ed hanging more than all the rest, for bringing
in the Scots. Once, clo.se to Stratford, " Will
.laekson," in pui-suance of his disguise, was .sent
into the kitchen, where the cook-maid, wlio was
providing .supper, desired him to wind up the
jack ; he was oliedient, but he did not do it in
the right way, which led the maid with some
passion to ask, *' What count rymar. are you, that
you know not how U) wind up a jack T " Will
.Jackson" appears to liav(Minswered very satisfac-
torily : "I am a poor tenant's .son of Colonel
Lane, in StalTordsliire ; we seldom have roa.st
meat, aiul when we have, we don't make use of
a jack," and so the maid's anger wa.s apixiased.
— Hood's Cromweli,, ch. 13, p. 172.
1654. DISGUISE, SnccessfuL Majorinii. [The
Emperor ilajorian possessed a courage which
exceeded his prudence.] Anxious to explore,
with his own eycH, the Ktato of the Vaiidalfl, ho
ventured, after disguising the color of his hair,
to visit Carthage, in the character of his own
amba.sHa<lor ; and Cienserir was idlerward nior-
tilied by the <liscovery that he had entertained
and dismis.sed the emperor of the liomaiis. Such
an anecdol(! may be rejecled as an imi>robablo
tlction ; liut il is a llclioii which would imi hav(<
been iinagiiied unless in the lifi' nf a hero. —
(iiliiioNS ItoMK, ch. !{ll, p. 4S|,
KW5. DISHONESTY, General. l!,!;iii<>fJiin,<n
II. I lie was his own minisler of marine.] It
would have been easy In tliid an aliler iiilnisler
of marine than .lames, but il would nol havo
Im'cii easy lo llnd, iimoiig (he public men of that
age. any minister of marine, except .lames, who
would nol have embez/.led stores, taken bribea
from contractors, and charged the Crown with
the cost of repairs which had never Ix-en made.
The king was, in truth, almost the only person
who could b(! trusted not to rob the king. Tlicro
had, therefore, been during the last three years
much less waste and pilfering in the dockyards
than formerly. Ships had been built wliicih wero
lit to go to sea. — AlACAri.Av's Eno., ch. I), p. 426.
1656. DISHONOR, Insensible to. Eriled
PriiiciH of Spain. Without firing a gun, he [Na-
poleon] overturned the monarchy of .Spain. A
proud and powerful dynasty he removed from
the throne of their ancestors. He sent them into
exile. He placed his own brother ui)on their
throne. And yet lhe.se exiled princes thanked
him for the deed, and were never weary of pro-
claiming his praises. — Auiiott's Naimh.kon B.,
vol. 2, ch. 1.
1657. DISHONOR, Posthumous. Ailmirnl
lUiih'. When Charles II. returned to his coun-
try, the purely national glory which surrounded
the memory of this great English iiero did not
exemiil his body from the indecent and inhu-
man indignities wliich were heaped uj)on the re-
mains of till! great Ueimblicaiis. By the king's
{■ommand the remains of this, ])erhaps the great-
est English admiral that ever walked a deck,
were torn from tlu^ toml) and cast into a jiit in
St. Margaret's churchyard. — Hood's Ciiom-
wici.i,, cii. It), p. 2()i).
1 65 S. DISHONOR recompensed. Clirro. His
great accpiisition of fame had now sensibly ob-
scured ihe glory of Pompey, who.se iiitluencewaH
visibly on the decline. To strengthen liim.self by
the iiilerest and by the talents of Cicero, whom
he had before so meanly abandoned, \w. now pro-
cured the recall of that illustrious exile, and the
reiH'.'il of the sentence of contiscation which had
deprived him of his whole property. Cicero re-
turned to his country after an ab.sence of sixteen
months. His journey from Brundisium to Uonu;
was a triumphal procession. All Italy, as he said
Tiim.self, seemed to flock together to hail lii.s
auspicious return ; that single day made his
glory immortal. He was loaded with honors ;
and his houses and villas, which had been razeil
lo the ground, wero rebuilt with increa.sed mag-
nificenee at tlie expense of the public. — Tyt-
i>ek's Hist.. Book 4, ch. 1.
1659. DISLIKE, Natural. Wife of James IT.
Araliella Churchill liad, more than twenty yeam
before, borne him a son, afterward wiifely re-
nowned as one of the most skilful captains of
108
niSLOYAM'Y-DISI'OSITION'.
KiirofH". Tlic youth, imiiicil .Iimics Fit/jiuncH,
Imil UM yet k'^*'" ')<> proiiiino of tli(> ciimii'iici-
wliicli III' iiflcrwanl attiiiiicd ; linl IiIh initiiiicrH
wfri' Ml )r('ntli) iiiiil iriDlTciisivc timt lir Imd no
cMi'iiiy cxrcpt Miiry of Modrnu, who hud loii^
lulled the cldld of 'the conciihiiir with Ihc liiltcr
Imlntl of II cldhlh'ss wUv. It^iicfii Miiiy. | A
Mimll part of the .Icsiiitical faction liad, hcfoi'i-
lh(! prci^iiancv of the queen waHuiinouneed, seri-
omhIv tlion;;ht of settini; him up as a ('(<nipelitoi°
of the I'rineesH (if <»rany;e. — .Ma(M i.ay'h Kno.,
eh. H, \). ;!(»:>.
lotto. DISLOYALTY deteited. i:< roliilionori/
]\'itr. TiirealH and proniix-s wei'e ii>ed to induce
captive American sailors to enlist in the iiritisji
8er»'ice. " lian:; me if yoii will to the yui'd-ann
of your ship, lint do not a.sk me to become a
traitor to niy conntry," was the answer of Na-
than ('<illln. — HanciIokt's r. S., vol. ». eh. IH.
1601. DISMISSAL, Humiliating. Jirit/a of
Jann'H II. I Lord Casllemaine was Kni.diMh min-
ister to liome. I He positively declared that the
rnW which <'xclnded .lesints from ecclesiastical
Iireferment shoulil not Ihj rela.xed in favor of
'Either I'etre. Castlemaine, much provoked,
Ihreatened to h-iive Koine. Innocent [XIII. j
replied, with iv meek im|)ertlnence, which wiis
th(! more jirovokin^ because it could scarcely hv
distinjruislied from simplicity, that his excel-
lency iiM^dit fio if he liked. " Hut if we must
lose him, ' added the venerable pontilT, " I hop(!
that he will lake; euro of his health on the road.
English people do not know how daufrerous it
is in this country to travel in the heat of the day.
The best way is to start before dawn, and to take
some rest at noon." With this salutary advice,
luid with 11 string; of Ix^ads, the unfortunate am-
bassador was disini.ssed. In a few months ap-
peared, both in the Italian and in tlu; Kn^lish
tongue, a jiompous history of the mission, mair-
nificently printed in folio, and illustratecl wiih
plates. The frontis])i('ce, to the great scandal of
all Pidtest4ints, represented ("ast.emaine in tlie
robes of a peer, with his coronet in his hand,
ki.ssing the toe of Innocent. — Macai'I-ay'h Eno.,
ch. 7, p. i.M8.
16«4. DISOBEDIIiNCE atoned. Dr. .Unmon.
[Dr. Samuel Johnson's father had a book-.stand
at liichtii'ld and surrounding towns every mar-
ket day. Heing sick, he directed his son to attend
in his iilace, which he refused to do because of
his pride. Fifty years later,] on a rainy da)',
somewhere abo\it 1780, a man of advanced age
stood bareheaded in this market of Uttoxeter,
making strange contortions of visage, while he
remained for an hour in front of a particidar
«tall. It was Dr. Sanuiol .Johnson, who had
gone from Lichfield to this small market town,
to suliject himself to the penance of rough
weather and mocking bystanders, for expiation
of an act of filial disobedience which he had com-
mitted lifty vears before. — Knight's Emj.,voI.
7, ch. r., p. m.
l««'.l. DISOBEDIENCE necessary. }f<in/ Bo.
mnqiirt. rshe became one of the most useful and
d(!V<)ted of the early Methodists ; was the ru'com-
plished (laughter of wealthy and fashionable
parents, who were greatly (lispleased with her
religiotis zeal.] One day her father said to her :
"There is a jiarticular promise which I reennre
of you — that is, that you will never, ou any occa-
HJon, neltl-er now nor hereafter, attempt to iniikft
your brothers what you call a ('liriHtiun." " I
answered, " she writes, " looking to the Lord. I
think, sir, I dare not consent to that." lie re-
iilied ; " Then you force me to put you out of my
liouse." " Yes, sir," she answered:, "according
to your views of things, I acknowletlge it ; iin(l
if 1 may but have your a|)proval, no siliuition
will be disagreeable." (Slie removed a short
distance from her father's house,] — HrKVKNH'
.Mk'iiiodis.m, vol. 'i, p. 2tt*l.
1061. DISPARAGEMENT, Intellectual. Oliirr
(li>lilninith. On a certain occasion, when h«' was
conversing in company with great vivac;ity, and
apparently to the satisfaction of those around
him, an honest Swi.ss, who sat near, oik; (Jeorge
Michael Moser, keeper of the Koyal Academy,
perceiving Dr. .lohiison rolling himself as if
about to speak, exclaimed, " Stay, stay ! Toclor
Shonsdii is going to say something." " And art'
you sure, sir,' replied (loldsmith, sharply, " that
,V'"/ can com|)rehen(l what he says ? " — Iuvin(j'h
(}oi,i)s.MiTii, ch. 41, J). 'i'.\'.\.
lOOA. DISPATCH demanded. Nnpokon I.
rWheii jireparing for his Kgyptian expedition,
lie said to one of his assistants :| Now, sir, jiho
(lisj)atch. Remember that the world wascrcated
in six (lays. Ask me for whatever you please,
excei)t lime ; that is the only thing which is be
yoiul my jjower. — Ahudtt's Nai'oi.kon IJ.,
vol. 1, ch. 10.
1666. DISPLAY, Confusing. VUurlemngnf.
rSeekingatrealy of alliance, the] ambiLssadorsof
Nicephorus found Charlemagne in his camp, on
the banks of the river Sahi ; and he affected to
confound their vanity by displaying, in n Fran-
conian village, the iximj), or tit least the pride,
of the Byzantine palae<!. The Greeks weresuo
cessively led through four halls of audience ; in
the first they were ready to fall prostrate before
a splendid per.sonage in a oliair of state, till he
informed them that lie was only a servant, the;
constable, or master of the horse, of the emper-
or. The same mistake and the same answer
were rei)eated in the apartments of the count
palatine, the steward, and the chamberlain ; and
their impatience was gradually heightenecl, till
the doors of the presence-chamber were thrown
open, and they beheld the genuine monarch, on
his throne, enriched with the foreign luxury
which he despLscnl, and encircled with the love
and reverence of his victorious chiefs. — Gih-
H()n'8 Homk, ch. 49, p. .'57.
1667. DISPLAY, Distasteful. Julian. [Soon
after the Emperor .Julian's] entrance into the
l)alace of Constantinople, he had occasion for
the service of a barber. .Vn officer, magnificently
dressed, immediately presented himself. " It is
a barber," exclaimed the prince, with affected
surprise, " that I want, and not a receiver-gen-
eral of the finances ! " — Gihuon's Home, ch. 22,
p. 39(5.
1668. DISPOSITION, Alarming. Wordmoorth.
[The poet's mother died when lie was eight ycius
old.] An intimate friend of hers told me that
she once said to her that the only one of her live
children about whoce future life she was anxious
was William ; and he, she said, would be re-
markable, either for good or for evil. The cause
of this was that I was of a still, moody, and
?
DISI'OHITION— DISSKMBMNO.
109
?
violent li'ni|)«>r ; mo miiicIi ho lliat I irinciiilicr
iroiii^ oiicii ii\li) the iilticH of iny f;ruii(lfiitlii'r'H
house ul I'oni'illi, upon Nome iiiili|(tiit y liuviii^
liccti put upon inc, with iin inlnilioii of ilcHiroy
illK lliyxrir witli one of tlic foils wliirli I l<iii'W
WHS lii'pl tiKTc. I tooii till- foil ill my ImukI, liiil
my liciii'l fuilt'd. I'poii niiotlitr occnsioii, while
I was at my f^rimd fat Iter's house at I'eiii'ilh, aloiur
with my eldesl liiolher, Hiehard, we were whip
jtiuj; lo'i)sloj;etlier ill liie larp' drawiiij,' room,(>ii
which tlie carpel was only laid down upon parlic
ular occasions. The walls were liiiii;^ round
with family pictures, and I .said to inv lirother,
" Dare you wirike }r)ur whip Ihrou^'li that, old
ladv's iM'tticoal V " lie replied, "No, I won't."
" Then," said I, " here pics !" mid I struck my
lash throuf^h her hooped |iellicoiit ; for which,
no doubt, though I have forirotten it, I was prop-
i'rh punished. Hut, iMissiliiv from some want of
Ju<Vment ill ])unisliments intlicted, I had he-
come jicrverHo and ohstiiiale in defying chasfLse-
iiicnt, and rallier proud of it than (itlicrwlse. —
Mkyku'h WoiiDswdinii, ch. 1.
1660. DISPOSITION, An evil. C'/inrlmt/i,' Ih,l.
('harles Ww Mud, Kinj^of Niivarre, wiisasinjtular
instance of the combination of ^r(>at mental en-
dowments with the worst dispositi<in.<, by which
nil his >;iflH were perverted into iiistruinents of
rvil. 111! had received fii in nature talents of a
lii;?h order ; lus po.s.ses.se(l ii remarkable jxiwcrof
tilcxpience, k(>en penetration, popular, insinualini^
maimers ; but beneath this attractive exterior he
(•t)nceale<i ii malicious, treacherous, reveiijfefiil
lieart, caiiabloof the most alroctiouH crimes ; nor
was he ever known to hesitate at any .sacrifice to
luH ambition, hatred, or other dominant passion.
— Studknts' Fuanck, ch. 10, i5 10.
16rO. DISPOSITION, Gloomy. Dr. Y<»iit;i. I . . .
informed Dr. .lohnson tlial Mr. Younir, son of
Dr. Youn^, the author of " Ni^^hl Thou^ihts,"
whom I had just left, desired to have the honor
of seeiii;! him at the house where his father
lived. I said to Mr. Y'oung that I had been
told Ills father was cheerful. "Sir," said he,
*' he WHS too well bred a man not to be cheerful
in comimny ; but he was gloomy when alone.
He never wa.s cheerful after mv mother's (h'ath,
and he had met with many (li.sappointments."
Dr. Johnson observed to me afterward " that this
was no favorabh? acoomil of Dr. Youn^ : for it
is not becomimi; in a man to have so little accpii-
cscenee in the waysof Providence." — Hoswki.i.'m
Johnson, p. 4(57.
1671. DISPOSITION, Quarrelsome. Lonix XIV.
Loui.s gave a proof of his haughty and imperious
temper on the occasion of a quarrel between Ids
nmba.ssador in England, the Count D'Kstrades,
and the Spani.sh envoy at the same court, who
liad in.sisted on taking iirecedence of the repre-
sentative of France at a diplomatic rece]>lion.
Louis recalled his anibas.sa(lor from .Madrid, de-
manded full and immediate iei)aration, and
threatened war in case of refu.sal. I'hilip IV.
made an uiuiualitied submission, and in the; pres-
ence of the whole di])lomatin body assembled at
Fontainebleau, his ambassador declared that the
Spanish agents would no longer contest the i>re-
tensions of the crown of France. — Stluents'
Fuanck, ch. 21, :■ ;i.
lera. disposition, savage. Fmkrirk ^Vm-
iam. The nature of Ficiierick William was hard
and bad, and the habit of exercising arbilnirv'
power had made him frlglitfully Nuvage, 1114
rage constantly verilt^d itself to right and left
in curses and blows. When Ids Majesty look ii
walk, every human heing tied before him, as if
a tiger had broken lo<ise from a menagerie. !(
he met a lady ia llu' street he gave her a kick,
and told her to gn home and mind her brats. If
h(> saw a clei^ynian staring at the soldiers, hit
admonished the reverend gentleman to betakn
himsi'lf to study and jirayer, and enforced thiii
pious advice by u sound caning, admiiiislered on
the spot. — .Ma(A>I,.VV's FllKDKIlH ktiikUuicat,
p. I(».
I67:i. DISPOSITION, Variable. Alf.nimhr.
Portraits of tlie same person, taken at difTerent
periods of life, though Ihiy difTur greatly from
each other, retain a reseml.liince upon IIh! whole.
And so it is in general witli 1luMhariiel<'rs of men.
Hut Alexander seemn to be an except ion ; for
nothing can admit of greater dissimilarity thaii
that which entered into his disposition at ditTer..
ent limes and in dilTereiit circumstances. Jlo
was brav(' and |iui<illanimous, merciful and cruel,
modest and vain, abstemious and luxurious, nu
tioiial and siiiierslitious, polite and overbearing,
politic and imprudent. Nor were these changes
casual ur temporal ; the stylo of hvs character
underwent a total revolution, and he pa.ssed from
virtui! to vice in a regular and progressive man-
ner. Miinitlcence and prides were the only chiir-
aclerisiics that never forsook him. If there wero
any vice of which ho was incapable, it was ava-
ii("e ; if any virtue, it was liumilitv. — Plu-
TAlU'Il's Al.kxANDKU, LaNUIIOUNK's >}oTK.
1671. DISPUTATION rewarded. OH cer (I old-
smith. II(! had acquired, as has been shown, u
habit of shifting along and living by ex))edients,
and a new one presented hsilf \.\ Italy. "My
skill in music," says he, in tiie " Philo.sophie Viig-
abond," "could avail me nothing in a country
where every pea.sant was a better nnisician than
I ; but by this time I had ac((uired another tal-
ent, which answered my i>uri)o.se as well, and
this was askill in disputation. In all the foreign
universities and convents there are, uponcertiun
days, ])hilosophieal theses maintained against
«!very adventitious disputant ; for which, if tho
chami)ion oi)p()ses with any dexterity, he can
claim a gratuity in money, a dinner, and a bed
for one night." — Iuvinu's Goldsmith, ch. 7,
p. .'iO.
167.'i. DISSEMBLINO, Successful. FmiitUna.
Faustina . . . has Ix-cn as much celebrated for her
gallantries as for her beauty. . . . The Cupid
of the ancients was, in general, a very sensual
deity ; and Uk; amours of an empress, as they
exact on her side the plainest advances, are sel-
dom susceptible of nuich sentimental delicacy.
Marcus was the only man in the empire who
.seemed ignorant or insensible of the irregularities
of Faustina ; which, according to tlie jirejiulices
of every age, rclli'cted some disgrace on the in-
jured husband. He i)roiiioted several of her
lovers to jiosls of honor and i;'H)tit, and during
a connection of thirty years invariably gave
her proofs of the most tender confidence, and of
a respect which ended not with her life. In his
" Meditations" he thanks the gods, who had be-
stowed on him a wife so faithful, so gentle, and
of such a wonderfid simplicit}' of manners. Tho
V IS
X'<)«)
DISSKMHMNU- DISSIPATION.
«ilHH>quloiiM Scniitc, at liN ciirnoMt nM|iit>Ht, rli«-
i'liircd lirr II jiiidilfHs. Sin- wiis rciircHcnlcd lu
li(«f t<'iii|ilcH wllb the uHrlliiifiH of .MiiiM, Vt'Mlii,
mill CcrcM ; iiiKJ it \vii.» drcrri'd (lint, on llic iliiy
III' tlitir iiuiiliiii.M, llic yiiiiili of I'ilhir hv\ Hliitiild
piiy tlii'ir vows licfon' Ihr ulliir <>f lliclr cliiiMtr
pli'trnllcs.s. OlIIIIONS UoMK, ( ll. 'J, p |(»'J.
|«r«. DI&8EMBLIN0, UniuooMiful. <%irlr»
I. A piini't'. Iliin lui-c. will) is lialiitiiully u dr
rfivcr wluu at llir Iu'IkIiI of pi>w«r, Is imt likfly
lolfiirn friiiikiu'MS in ilif iiiidsiorcinlNirriisHiaciits
and dlHtr<'Ms«'s. CliarlrK was itiil only a inost uii
sirupuloiiM, liiit a iiiost iinliukv diHsciiililcr.
'I'licro iii'vrr was \\ imliliciaii In wlioni ho many
I'raudH ami fuiscliiinds win; liroiiKlit home by
undt'itlalili! cvldriirc. ll«! pulilicly r('<'oK>i '''*'< I
tho houses at Wcstiidiistrr as a Itpil I'arllaiiu'iit,
and, Ht the suniit tiinc, made a private nilniite in
<(>iiu('ll diclarin^ liie re( <)|;nitloii null, lie piih
llely dlHclutnied ail tluiu^dil of caliliiK In fon'i;;!;n
aid H^aiuHl his iH-oliie ; ho iirlvately siiljrited aid
from Vmnce. from neiimiirk. and from liorralne.
ile puhliely denied that he employed papiHts ;
lit the sumo tinm hi; privately sent to hlsj^enerals
dirt!etions to employ every |mpist that would
Hcrve. He pultliely took tho Hucrament at Ox
ford ua a pltjd^'o that ho never would even con
nivo lit pojM'ry ; ho privately assured his wife
that ho intended to toleruto jiopery in Kn^dand,
and ho authorized liord Ulamorpm to nromlso
that poiH-ry should bo established in livhuid.
Thou hoallomptod toelear himself at hisuifent's
<'Xpens(i. Glamorj;an rect'ived, In the royal hand-
M-rilinK, reprlman<Is inti^nded to Ik; reail by oth-
ers, and euloijies which weri; to Ik; seen only by
liimself. 'I'd such an extent, indeed, hud insin-
corlty mnv taiMte<l tho kinjjj's whole nature, that
Ills iiioMt devoted friendH could not refrain from
complaininjj to each other, with hitter jjrief and
Nhanu', of his crooked politics. His defeats, they
said, pive them less pain than his intrigues. —
JIa('ai'i..vv's Kno., ch. 1, p. IIH.
lerr. dissimulation, Dangers of. CharhH
I. [While a pri.soner in tlu; hands of his Parlia-
ment.] The Itiree lead'n^ parties were Ihearmy,
tlu; Parliament, and the Scotch. Cromwell and
Ids Hon in-law, Jreton, were contidcnt in their
jiersonal influciu'o over tlu; kinj^ : an accident
undeceived them. The kiiii;, having; written a
])rivale li'tter to his wifi-, charged one of his con-
fidential servants to coiu'cal this letter in his
liorse's saddle, and convey it to Dover, where
tho tishing-boats served to transmit his corre-
Kpondeiu'c to the ('ontinent. . . . [The letter was
taken by Cromwell, who sjiys :] \V(; read the
king's letter to his wife. He told her that each
faction was anxiouH that he sho\dd .join them,
but lu; thought ho ought to conclude with the
Scotch in preference to any other. W'e returned
to the cam]), and seeing that our cause had noth-
ing to expect from tho king, from that nu)ment
wo resolved on hi.s destruction. — I^a.m.vutine's
Cuo.viwKi,i,, ]). ;59.
lerS. DISSIMULATION, Polite. Courtin-tt.
Burnet, describing the general character of
Charles [II.], nays : " He was afTable and easy,
and loved to bo made so by all about him. Tho
great art of keening him long was tho being
easy, and the maKinjj every thing ca.sy to him. '
The modern phrase is "to make thing.s pleas-
ant ;" and both phrases mean that there shall be
n large Ingreillent of fnlm-liiMid In human uiTulrN.
— Knkuit'h Kn.i., vol. 4, eh. U, jk BaT.
I«79. DISSIMULATION, Political. />'//(» of
.\i iri'tinl/,'. [The Mike of Nesvciislle wit the
Secretary of the Treasury under (leorge 11. ;| his
thirst for power was insatiable. J«;aloUHof tvery
man of ability to wiiom it was necessary to en-
trust some sliare of aulhoritv. ho wiin always In
terror that his suballerns might Ix' called to com
mund. although ever professing his luixletv for
Hub' promotion. Always Hceking the doubtful
support of •' IriMips of friends," he never olTeiid-
ed any man by a plain " No," and was afteii
" under the siune engagementH to at least ten
competitors. " — IsMiiurK Kn»i., vol. (I, ch. IH,
p. I»M.
I«M0. . Turku. When Sir Dudley
North was i>r«'ssed |bv the tools of .buiies II. to
favor the aiMilition ol' the Test Act) he reineui-
iH'ied an old Turkish saying— vi/,., that a man is
to .sav " no" only to the "devil. — Knkiiii's K.nu.,
vol. 4, ch. :2(l, p. 41H.
IttMI. DISSIMULATION, BeUgloni. Itowan
h'tiiiHTur ,/iiliiin. His s«'nliinenlH were changed ;
but ns it would Imve Iwen dangerous to have
avowed his sentiments, his conduct Htill contin-
ued the same. Verv dilVerent from the ass in
/Ksop, whi>disguise(l himself with u lion s hide,
our lion was obliged to conceal himself under
the skin of an a.s.s , and, while he embraced the
dictates of reason, to obey the laws of prudenci;
and necessity. Tho dissinuilatioit of .liiliun
lastisl about ten years, from his secret initiation
at i'iphesus to the beginning of tho civil war,
when he declared himself at once the implacable
encinv of Christ and of Constuntius. — Oihbon's
Ko.MK, <h. ^.'3, p. 420.
I6M'J. DISSIMULATION, Royal. O,orf/>'J//.
I He was on a niorniiig ridi; when a messenger
reached him with a note, bearing a private mark,
which indicated the death of (leorge H. and his
own elevation to royal authority. ) Saying his
horse was lame, lu; turned Iwu'k to Kew, and dis-
mounting, said to his groom : " 1 have said this
horsi; is lame ; 1 forbid you to .say to the con-
trary. ' WalpoU; comments : " The first monu'iit
of the new reign alfonls a sym]>tom'of^the princoH
chaiacler ; of that cool di.ssiinulation in which
he had been so well initiateil by his mother, and
which comprehend(;d almost the whole of what
she had tauirht him." — KmoU'I's Eno., \v\. (>,
ch. 1:2, p. 2il.
16M;i. DISSIPATION, Philosopher's. .'<.i>iunl
JdIiiisoii. One night, w hen IJeauclcrk and Lang-
ton had supped at a tavern in London, and sat
till about three in the mornin'r, it came into their
heads to go and knock up .lolin.son, and see if
they could ])rcvail on him to join them in a ram-
ble. They rapi)cd violently at tho doors of his
chambers in the Temple, till at last ho appeared
in his sl.irt, with his little black wig on tho top
of his head instead of a nightcap, and a poker in
his hand, imagining, probably, that some ruflians
wen; coming to attack him. When ho discov-
ered w ho they were, and was told their errand,
ho smiled, an 1 with great good-humo • agreed to
their propo.sal : " What, is it you, you dogs I I'll
have a frisk with you." Ho was soon dres.sed,
and they sallied forth together. . . . Oarrick Ixjing
told of this ramble, said to him, smartly," Iheuril
IHKHII'ATION -DIVISION.
•J(i|
of your fri»ll<! t oiIht iiijjriit. Voii'll 1k' In tin-
Chmnii'lf." I'lMtii ulili'li .Inliiixdii iiritTwiinl
()l)H«>rvi>(l, " f/f iliii'Mt iiol do Niii'li II lliliifr. IIU
tnfi> would nol/(Y Idin !"— Homwki.i.'mJoiinwin,
p. «5.
lOMI. DISSIPATION, Touthful. /v''/</<//- Alton
I'm'. I He wiiM iiwiii'ili'd III!' pri/r fur tlic licst,
HJory iind \\w ImnI ixniii liy the Malllnion' Viiiil
or.] Till' iiiillior WIIM Hrni for. . , . lie was
ill till- uMiioNt Mtiilc of dcsljtiition, pall', KliiiHtly,
tlltliy. Ilissri'dy frock rotil, liiiltoncd up IoIiIm
tlirout, conct'itli'd tli<> hIisi'Iicx of ii .Mliirt, and IiIm
dlliipidiitcd lioots discloMi'd llic waul of Ntoik
iiigM.— s.Mii.KH Hkikk Hi()oii.\riiiKH, |(. ;W
lOMft. OISSUAIION impouiblo. Coriiz. [\\v
K(>1 out for till' coiinucMl of Mexico.) TIip am-
liiUMiulorH [of Moiitcy.uiiial tried in vuiu to dis-
Nuadt) tlio terrible S|NUiiard [fruin udvaiiciiiK on
their CHpitalj. They nmde hiiii coNtly preH«'iit.H,
and then hasleneil buck io tJieir ulariiietl sover-
ciXH. Monte/.uiiia iiiiiiiedlutely ileH|uilclied tliein
II ^H)<'olld tiiiio witli prcHenlM Htlll iiion; viilii
able, und with urgent apjK'uU to Corte/, to pro
•red no farther. . . . Tht! Mexicun emperor,
iiv Ills ine.s.senjjers, forlmde tlieir api)roiich to his
city; Htill they iireust'd on.— Uidi'ATh'h U. N.,
ch. 4. p. 3H.
I6M0. DI8TIKCTI0N, MlUtury. BlimnuK
Whenever ho apiwared in tlie .streets und public
pliicfH of Constantinople Melisuriu.sattructe<laad
Kiiti.stied the eyes of the pet)ple. Ills lofty stat-
ure und majestic counteimnce fultiUed their e.\-
|M'<'ttttions of II hero ; the meancHt of his fellow-
citizens were emboldened by his k<''i"« n'l*! gra-
cious demeanor ; and the martial tniiu which at
leiideil his foot.steps left his person more accessi-
ble than in a day of battle. Seven thousand
horseinen, malc.hUss for beauty ami vulor, weri!
mitintained in tin; service, tiiid at the private e.\
peiise, of the ;,^eneral. Their prowess was always
conspicuous in sinj^le combals, or in the fore-
most ranks ; and both parties confessed thai in
the sie^e of Home the j^uards of iielisariiis liiid
ulono vaiKjuished the biirburian host. — (fiuuo.Ns
UoMK, ch. 41, p. 182.
16»T. DISTBUST concealed. Hoiiuuik. It was
dangerous to trust the sincerity of Augustus ;
to seem to distrust it was still more dnngerous.
The respective iidvimtages of monarchy and a
republic have often divided speculative iiupiir-
crs ; the present greatness of iIk; lioman Slate,
the corruption of nmniiers, and the license of
the soldiers supplied new arguments to the ad-
vocutes of monarchy ; and tlicsi- general views
of government were again wuj-ped by the liojics
iui(l fcwrs of each individual. Amid this confu-
sion of sentiments the answer of the Senate was
unanimous and decisive. They refused to ac-
cept the resignation of Augustus ; they conjured
him not to desert the republic, which he had
saved. After a decent resistance the crafty ty-
rant submitted to the orders of the Senate, and
consented to re<"eive tlie government of the prov-
inces, and the general command of the Ilximan
armies, under the well-known n.ames of Pro-
consul and Imperator. — Oiuuon's Ko.mk, cb. a,
p. 75.
t68§. DISUNION, WeakneBJ of. S<imud John-
fon. BoHWKi.L: " So, sir, you laugh at schemes of
political improvement." .Johnson: " Why, sir,
moMt HchemeM of |Milillciil improvement are vi>ry
laughable tliiiigN. " lleolwerved: " I'lovidencii
has wlH«>ly ordered lint the more niimrrous men
are, the more dilltciilt it is for Ihi'in lo agree In
iinylhiiig, and so they are governeil. There is no
doubt that if the poor shniild reasnn, ' We'll be
the poor no longer, we'll make the rii h take (heir
liirii,' they coiiM easily do It, were it not lliui
Ihey can't agree. So the common soldiers, though
NO much more numerous than their otllceis, are
governed by them for the same reuson."— IJos-
WKM.'h .Idll.NHO.N, p. IIIH,
I ANft. DIVERSION, Mental. Ih,u;jf, ■'>„„. Ai-
leliildnnis , , . bull got iiitelli'.'cncc of |th.' con-
spiri'cy to asNassiiiatet 'lesar, and lie] iipproached
(')i.sar with a |hi|mt, explaining what he had to
discover. Observing that he gave the papers, as
fast as he r leived them, lo his olllcers, he got
up as clone lis iioMsible, and said : " Ca'sar, read
this to yourself, and ipilckly ; for it < nntnins
matters of great consisiiieiwe, and of the last I'on-
cerii to you." lie tisik it, and attem|ited several
limes to n'lid it, but was always iireveiiled by
one application or other, lie therelore kept that
pa|M'r, and that '>nly, in his hand, when he en
tered the house. — I'l.t T.VHcii's C.KS.vii.
1090. DIVEBSITY of Inttrettf. S,H-i,ty. \ A IhiuI
l."!!*;} Sidney writes in his " Anutliu ' ctmcerning
the |K»|>ular tem|KT of his times :] '\Vlien they
begin to talk of their griefs, never In'cs made
such confused hummini'. The town dwellers
demand putting dow.' of imposts, die coun-
try fellows laying out of commons ; some would
hav(! th(! pi'inee to keep his court in one place,
sonu! in another ; all cried out lo have new coun-
sellors ; but when they should think of any new
coun.sellors, they liketi them as well as any that
they could remember ; . . . the arti.sans the)'-
woiilil have corn und wine set at a lower price ;
. . . the ploughmen, vine-liiliorers, and farmers
would have none of that. The peasants would
have all the gentlemen destroyeii ; tin.' citizens,
specially tlu; cooks, barbers, and those other that
lived most on gentlemen would but havi! them
reformed. — Knkiht'sEno., vol. U, <h. 17, p. 2t)*i.
1001. DIVINITY, Proof of. F<rii<inilo <le
Soto, lie attempted to overawe a tribe of Indians
near Natchez, by claiming a supi'rnutural birth
and demanding obedience and tribute. " You
say you are the child (;f the sun," replied the un-
daunted chief; "dry uj) the river, and I will
believe vou. You desire to see me '! visit Ihe
town where I dwell. If you come in peace, I
will receive you with special good-will ; it' in
war, I will not shrink one foot back." — H.vn-
CHOb'r's Hist, ok I'. S., vol. 1, ch. '2.
UiOI. DIVISION, Helpless by. /,'",iniN h'm-
jicrur Auirliiin. The eiupei'or was almost at the
.same time informed of the irruption and of the
retreat of tlie Imrbarians. Collecting an active
body of troops, he marched with silence and
celerity along the skirts of the IIyr''anian fon'st ;
and the Alemanni, laden with the spoilsof Italy,
arrived at the Danube, witliout suspecting that
on the opposite bank, and in an advantageous
post, a Roman army lay concealed and jirepared
to intercept their return. Aurelian indulged the
fatal security of the barbarians, and permitted
aliout half their forces to pass the river without
disturbance and without precaution. Their sit-
m
203
DIVISION— DIVOHCE.
Ufttion nnd iintoniHlimcnt gave liim iin cnsy vic-
tory.— Oihuon's Uomk, ch. 11, p. 343.
1693. DIVISION neoeuary. liarharian Allien.
Among the useful conditions of peace inijxjscd
l)y ProhuH [tlie emperor] on tlie viuupiislied na-
tions of Germany was tbe obligation of supply-
ing tlie Roman army with 1(5,000 recruits, the
bravest and most robust of their youth. 'V\w
emperor dispersed them throtigh all the j)rov-
iuces, and distributed this dangerous re-enforce-
nient, in Siuall bands of fifty or .si.xty each,
among the nationul troops, judiciously observ-
ing that the aid which the republic derived
from the barbarians sliould l)e felt but not .seen.
—GiiujuNH Ro.ME, ch. 13, p. 383.
1694. DIVISION, Partisan. li^i(in of Charles
II. His ol)j(;('t was not to destroy our [Eng-
lish] Constitution, but to kejp the various ele-
ments of which it was composed in a perjjetual
btate ui conflict, and to set irreconcilal)le eiunity
between those who had Ihe power of the purse
iind those who liad t e power of the sword.
With this view he bribed and .st'nudated both
parties in turn, pensioned at once the ministers
of the Crown and the chisfs of the Opposition,
encouraged the court to wiilistand the seditious
encroachments of the Parliament, and conveyed
to the Parliament intimations of the arbitrary
<lesigns of the court. [Charles sought aid of
Louis XIV. to make him independent of Parlia-
ment. J — M.\rA(:r..\v's Eno., ch. 2, p. 195.
1695. DIVISION, Ruinous. Bomati Empire.
The decay of Home has been frequently ascribed
to the translation of the seat of empire ; but this
Instory ha? already sliown that the powers of
government were divided rather than removed.
The throne of Constantinople was erected in the
East, while the West was still possessed by a
series of emppr()rs who held their residence in
Italy, and clauned their equal inheritance of the
legions nnd provinces. This dangerous novelty
impaired the strength and fomented the vices
of a double reign ; the instruments of an oppres-
sive and arbitrary system were multiplied. —
Gibbon's Rome, ch. 38, p. 635.
1696. DIVISION by CivU War. Reiffii of
dharks I. Soon the two straggling parties were
locked in deadly conflict, and the spot became
memorable for ages for the blood shed in a skir-
mish which could not be dignilied by the name
of a battle. Throughout the land family ties
■were severed ; everywhere " a man's foes were
of his own household." " Old armor came down
from a thousand old walls, and clanked upon the
anvil of every village smithy ;" " boot and .sad-
dle !" was the order of the day and night ; every
Imff coat and every piece of steel that could
turn or deal a blow became of value. Even
the long-bow, the brown bill, and cross-bow re-
sumed their almost forTOtten use ; rude spears
and common staves pnd Dani.sh clubs as.simied
the rank of weapons. The trumpets of the Cav-
aliers rang out ftsarlcssly through the half of
England, and thrilled tlie spirits ot the people
with the cries of loyalty ; responded to by the
thrill l)la.st of the Roundhead and the cry of
I'tberij. "Those," saysCarlyle, " were the most
confused months England ever saw ;" in every
sliire, in every j)arish, in court-houses, ale-
jiouses, churches, and markets, wheresoever men
were gathered together. England was, with
sorrowful confusion in every fibre, tearing itself
into ho.stile halves, to carry on the voting by pike
and bullet henceforth. The spirit of war stalked
forth ; many ti.aes we find the record of men
who slew an enemy, and found a parent in the
corpse they were about to spoil. — IIoou'h Cuom-
WKi,i,, ch. 6, p. m.
I69r. DIVISION, Weakness by. Germann.
[Ancient] Germany was divided into more than
forty iiulependent states ; and even in each state
the imion of the several tribes was extrei.iely
loose and precarious. The barbarians were
easily provoked ; they knew not how to forgive
an injury, much less an insult ; their resent-
ments were bloody and implacable. The casual
disputes that so frequently happened in their
tumultuous parties of hunting or drinking were
sufticient to uifiamc the minds of whole nations ;
the private feuds of any considerable chieftains
diffused itself among their followers and allies.
— Gibkjn's Rome, ch. 9, p. 275.
1698. DIVORCE advocated. John Milton. The
suggestion, which I believe was first made by a
writer in the Athenaum, is that Milton's ^-^oung
wife refused him the consummation of the mar-
riage. The supposition is founded upon a cer-
tain passage in Milton's pamphlet. ... If the
' ' Doctrine and Discipline" [of divorce] was in the
hands of tlie public on August 1 ; if Milton was
brooding over this seething agony of passion all
through July, with the young bride, to whom he
had been barely wedded a month, in the house
where he was writing, then the only apology lOr
this outrage upon the charities, not to say decen-
cies of home, is that whicli is suggested by the
passage referred to. Then the pamphlet, however
imprudent, becomes pardonable. It is a passion-
ate cry from the depths of a great despair. —
Milton, by M. Pattison, ch. 5.
1699. DIVORCE, Agonising. Napoleon I. [Af-
ter a dinner in painful silence] he took her
hand, and placed it upon his heart, and with a
faltering voice said : " Josephine, my own good
Josephine, you know how I have loved you ! It
is to you alone that I owe the only few moments'
happiness I have known in the world. Josephine,
my destiny is stronger tlian my will. My dear-
est affections must yield to the welfare of France. ' '
The cruel blow, all expected as it w.is, pierced
tliat loving heart. Josep>iine fell lifeless to the
floor. Napoleon alarmed rushed to the door and
called for assistance. [They] . . . conveyed the
Empress Josepliine up a flight of stairs to her
apartment. She murmured, as they bore her
along, " Oh, no, no ! you cannot do it I You
.surely would not kill me. " Napoleon was intense-
ly agitated. ... He paced the floor in anguish
until the dawn of the morning, . . . trembling
with emotion and his eyes tilled with tears, . . .
articulating with difficulty. [He declared the in-
terest of France made a divorce uis painful
duty. It was consummated on Deceml)er 1."),
1809.] — Abbott's Napoleon B., vol. 2, ch. 10.
1700. DIVORCE, Causes of. Confuciin. He
permits divorce for any one of seven reasons :
" When a woman cannot live in peace with iier
father-in-law or mother-in-law ; when she can-
not bear children ; when she is unfaithful ; when,
by the utterance of calumnies or indiscreet
words, she disturbs tlie peace of the house ;
when iier husband has for her an unconquerable
DIVOUCE— DOMINION.
203
rcpugnniici' ; wlicn she is nn invctenitc wold ;
when she stoaln iiiiythiii!; from her huslmiul's
li(>iisc' ;" ill liny of tiicsc cii.se.s iier Ini.sbimd iimy
l>ut litr iiwuy. — C'yci.opkuiaokBioo., p. 41b.
1701. DIVORCE, Convenient. Carinm. In
the (tiiliic war liL'tli.scoM'red .some dej^roc of pcr-
.sonitl coura^jo ; tmt from the moment of liis
arrival at Home he abandoned himself to \\w
luxiiiy of the cupital and to the abuse of his
fortune. He was soft, yet cruel ; devoted to
jWeasii re, but destitute of "ta.stc ; and though ex-
<iuisitely suseeptibic of vanity, indifferent to the
])ublic eKte<'m. In the course of a few months
lie suicessively married and divorced nine wives,
most of whom he left jiregnant ; and notwith-
standing this legal inconstancy, found time to
indulge such a variety of irregular ajipetites as
brought dishonor on liim.self and on tiie noblest
houses of Rome. He beheld with inveterate
liatred all tho.se who might remember his former
obscurity, or censure his present conduct. He
banished or put to death the friends and coun-
sellors whom his father [P^mperor Cams] bad
lilaced about him, to gui.le Ids inexperienced
youth ; and he pei*secuted with meanest revenge
his school-fellows and companions, who had not
sufHciently respected the latent maj(;sty of the
emperor. . . . From the dregs of that popidace
he selected his favorites, and even his ministers.
The palace and even the Imperial table were
tilled with singers, dancers, jjrostitutes, and all
Ihe various retinue of vice and folly. — Giu-
uoNs Ko.ME, ch. 11, p. 364.
1702. DIVOBCE, Demoralized by. Itomans.
When the Roman matrons became t' e equal and
voluntary companions of their lorus, a new ju-
risprudence was introduced, that marriage, like
other partnerships, might be dissolved by the
abdication of one of the associates. In three
centuries of prosperity and corruption this prin-
ciple was enlarged to frequent practice and per-
nicious abuse. Passion, interest, or caprice sug-
gested daily motives for the dissolution of mar-
riage ; a word, u sign, a message, a letter, the
mandate of a freedman, declared the separation ;
the most tender of human connections was de-
graded to a transient society of profit or pleasure.
According to the various conditions of life, both
ficxes alternately felt the disgrace and injury ; an
inconstJint spouse transferred her wealth to a new
family, abandoning a numerous, perhaps a spu-
rious, progeny to tiie paternal authority and care
of her late husband ; a beautiful virgin might be
dismi.s.sed to the world, old, indigent, and friend-
less. — Gibbon's Rome, ch. 44, p. 349.
1703. DIVORCE disallowed. Puritans of New
EnylainL Of divorce I have found no exam-
ple. . . . Divorce from bed and board, th(! .sep-
arate maintenance without the dissolution of the
muniage contract — an anomaly in Protestant leg-
islation, that punishes the innocent more than
the guilty — was utterlyabhorrentfrom their prin-
ciples . . . the .sanctity of the marriage-bed is the
safeguard of families ; . . . its purity was pro-
tected by the penalty of death — a penalty which
■was inexorably enforced against the guflty wife
and her paramour. — B.vnx'ROFt's U. S., ch. 10,
vol. 1.
1704. DIVORCE, First. Rmmu Time bears
■witness to the conjugal modesty, tenderness, and
lidelitv wliicli he cstitblisbed ; for during two
hundred and thirty years no man attempted to
leave his wife, nor any woman her husband.
And as the very curious among the Greeks can
tell you who was the first person that kille<l his
father and mother, .so all the Romans know that
Spurius Carvllius was the first that divorced his
wife, alleging her barrenness. — Plutaucu's
RoMi;i,rs and Tiikskus.
1705. DIVORCE of Mothers. Amerimn Imlitin
MdrriiUje. Children were the strongest bond ; for
if the mother was discarded, it was the unwrit-
ten 'uw of the red man that she should herself
retain those whom she had borne ami nursed. —
Bancuoft's I'. S., vol. 3, ch. 22.
1700. DIVORCE, One-sided. Roman. The
causes of the dissolution of matrimony have
varied among the Romans ; but the mo.st solemn
sacrament, the confarrc;itionit.self, might always
Ih! done away by rites of a contrary tendency.
In the first ages the father of a family might sell
his children, and his wife was reckoned in the
number of his children ; the domestic judge might
jironounce the death of the offender, or his mercy
might exjiel her from his bed and house ; but
the slavery of the wretched female was hopeless
and perpetual, unless he a.s.serted for his own
convenience the manly prerogative of divorce. —
Gibbon's Ro.\ie, ch. 43, p. 248.
1707. DIVORCE permissible. Roman Law.
In ihe mo.st rigorous laws a wife was condemned
to support a gamester, a drunkard, or a liber-
tine, unless he were guilty of homicide, poison,
or sacrilege, in which cases the marriage, as it
.should seem, might have been dissolved by the
hand of the executioner. But the .sacred right
of the husband was invariably maintained, to
deliver his name and family from the di.sgraco
of adultery ; the list of mortal sins, either male
or female, was curtailetl and enlarged by s\icce.s-
sive regulations, and the obstacles of incurable
impotence, long al)sence, and monastic profes-
sion were allowed to rescind the matrimonial
obligation. — Gibbon's Rome, ch. 44, p. 349.
170§. DIVORCE regulated. Emperor Augtts-
tus. Augustus, who united the powers of both
magistrat ,s, adopted their different modes of re-
pressing or chastising the license of divorce.
The presence of seven Roman witnesses was re-
quired for the validity of this solemn and delib-
erate act ; if any adequate provocation had been
given by the husband, instead of the delay of
two years, he was compelled to refund immedi-
ately, or in the space of six months ; but if he
couUl arraign the manners of his wife, her guilt
or levity was expiated by the loss of the .sixth or
eighth part of her marriage portion. — Giubon's
Rome, ch. 44, p. 3.-)0.
1709. DIVORCE, Views of. Reformers. [The
early English Reformers, as represented by Cran-
mer,] did not regard marriage as indissoluble.
Divorce for adultery might be pronounced by the
ecclesiastical courts, with liberty to marry again
by the party sinned against, and not sinning.
Divorce Avas also held lawful in cases of mortal
enmities, the desertion of a husband, his lasting
cruelty, or his prolonged abocnce. — Knight's
Eng., vol. 3, ch. 3, p. 40.
1710. DOMINION, Boundless. Roman. The
slave of Iinperial despotism . . . expected his fate
in silent despair. To resist was fatal, and it was
.
204
D(1MI>^I0X-T)RAMA.
ImfKiHHihlc lo tty. On evorv side h(! wns oncom-
INiMW'd witli li vtiHt, pxtciit of sea and land, \vlii(;Ii
in; c'oidd never li()|)e to traviTHo witliout licini?
(liscovi'ied, seized, and restored to his irritated
master. IJeyond tin; frontiers his anxious view
(•o\il«l discover notliin^, except tlie ocean, inhos-
piUd deserts, hostile tribes of l)arl)arians, of ficrc(;
maimers and unknown lanirnaire, or depcndcfnt
kinjc^s, who woidd fj;''"".V purchase the emperor's
protection l)y the sacrifice of an obnoxious fu<;i-
tive. " Wherever you arc," said (.'icero to the
exiled ^larcellus, " remember that youarec(|ual-
ly witliin the power of the concjucror." — Giii-
noN's lloMK, cli. a, p. 100.
1711. DOMINION, FroofB of. Watir. Dinon
informs us tinit tlic kinujsof Persia u.sed to have
wat«r fetched from the Nile and the Danube, and
put among their treasures, as a proof of the extent
of their dominion.s, ami their being masters of the
vorld. — Plutaiu;h.
1713. DOUBT ezpreued. Mmnix CruMus.
lie was drawing his troops out of winter quar-
ters when lunbiussadors came frcn Arsaces, and
addressed him in tliis short speech : "If thi.s
army was sent against the Parthians by the Ro-
man people, that people has nothing to expect
but perpetual war and enmity irreconcilable.
But if Crassus, against the inclinations of his
country (which they were informed was the
case), to gratify his own avarice, ha.s undertaken
this war, and invaded one of the Parthian prov-
inces, Arsaces will act with more moderation,
lie will take compas-sion on Cni.s.sus's age, and
let the Romans go, though in fact he considers
them rather as in prison than in garrison." To
this Crasaus made no return but a rhodomon-
ttule ; he said he would giv(! them his answer
at Seleucia. Upon which Vagiscs, the oldest of
t'.ie ambassadors, laughed ; and turning up the
palm of his hand, replied, "Crassus, here will
hair grow iH'fore thou shalt see Seleucia."—
Plutaucii's Cuassus.
171 it. DOUBT, Philosophic. AradcmicK. Next
to the Epicurean system the doctrines most prev-
alent at that time were tho.'<e of the new Acad-
emy, very different from those of the old Acad-
emy, foundcfl by Plato. The new Academics as-
serted the impossibility of arriving at truth, and
held it entirely a matter of doubt whether vice
or virtue were preferable. These opinions evi-
dently struck at the foundation not only of relig-
ion, but of morality. — Tytlku's Hist., liook 5,
ch. 4.
1714. DOUBTS overcome. Gt'orf/c Fn.r, the
Quaker, a.d. 1648. One morning as Fox .sat
.silently by the fire a cloud came over his mind ;
u baser instinct seemed to say, " All tilings come
liy nature ;" ^nd the elements and the stars op-
])ressed his imagination with the vision of jian-
theism. But as he continued musing, a true
voice arose within him and .said, " There is a
God." At once the clouds of scepticism rolled
away . . . his soul enjoyed the sweetness of re-
pose . . . the jiaradise of contemplation. — Ban-
cboft's U. S., ch. 16. vol. 2.
1715. DRAINAGE, Scheme of. Charles I. In
those days some millions of acres of the tinest
plains in the counties of Cambridge, Hunting-
don, Northampton, and Lincoln lay undrained.
Several vears before the period to which we now
refer the Karl of Oxford and othernoblemen of
(hat day hud jiroposed to drain jarge jwrtions of
them, and in fact had doiuf so. The Bedford
Level, containing nearly 400, (K)O acres, had been
coTni)leted, when it was found nece.s.sarv to call
in other aid ; and a [iroposition was made to the
Crown, offering a fair proportion of the land for
its assistance and authority i" the completion of
the whole. Until now all had goiu* on well ;
but hungry Charles saw here an opportunity of
gratifying his cupidity. A nunilxM- of commis-
sioners came from the king to Huntingdon ;
they, instructed by the king's own letter, pro-
ceeded to lay claim under varioas pretexts, such
as corrupt and servile ministers know how to
use, to })r),000 acres of land already drained.
Cromwell stepped upon the stage of .iction, luid
the draining of the fens was entirely stopped. —
Hood's Cuomwei-l, ch. 4, p. 78.
1716. DBAINAOE, Snocen bf . llomnm. The
lake of Alba increased prodigiously, and depu-
ties were .sent to inquire what the gods meant by
that extraordinary phenomenon. The deputies*
brought back word that the conquest of Veii de-
pended on draining the lake, and that particular
care should be taken to convey the waters to the
.sea (a most wi.se and .salutary advice, in a sea-
son of contagious disease). The work was imme-
diately begun ; and that fine canal was cut,
which subsi.sts at this day, and conveys the wa-
ters of the lake Albano, by Casle.l-Gondolfo, to
the .sea. This was likewise an instance in wliicli
the faith of the people in the veracity of the pre-
diction might have greatly aided its accomplish-
ment. — Tyti.eu's Hist., Book 3, ch. 6.
1717. DEAMA, Indecent. Twelfth Century.
In one of them, which is entitled a Play of the
Old and New Testjiment, Adam and Eve are
introduced upon the stage naked, and conversing
in very strange terms about their nakedness.
Mr. VV^arton has given a curious account of this
play in his ' ' History of English Poetry. " In some
of the first scenes of this play God is represent-
ed creating the world ; He breathes life into
Adam, leads him into Paradise, and opens his
side while sleeping. Adam and Eve appear
naked in the garden, and not ashamed, and the
Old Serpent enters, lamenting his fall. He con-
verses with Eve ; she eats of the forbidden
fruit ; they are cursed by God ; the Seri)ent exits
hissing ; they are driven from Paradise by the
Cherubim, with a flaming sword, and Adam
then appears digging the ground, and Eve spin-
ning. — Note in Tytleu's Hist., Book 6, ch. 16.
171§. DBAMA, Literature of the. Greece.
We see from this .short review of the origin of
literature among the Romans, that its earliest
efTorts were exclusively cor.fined to dramatic
composition. Tlie Romans, in a word, borrow-
ed their literature from Greece, and first attempt-
ed the species of literature then most popuhu- in
Greece ; if, indeed, their Plautus ami Terence,
aid the rest, did more than translateor adapt the
then most popular pieces of the Greek stage. It
was not until the golden age of Augu.stus that, by
the revolutions which then took place in the
public taste, the other high departments of liter-
ature were introduced at Rome. — Tytler's
Hist. , Book 4, ch. 3.
1719. DBAUA, Origin of the. Rome. Al)out
the 390th year of Rome the city had lx>en re-
DRAMA— DRESS.
20A
iliiccd to I'xtn^inc distress by a iHstilcncc, imd iiii
iincommoii tncthod was a(l<)i)led to ai)p('ase tlit;
wrath of the gods, in sending into Etnina for
drolls or slage-danoors. Tlie dances of llieKc Etru-
rians, acconling to Livy, were not inigraeefiil,
and th(; I{onian youth readily learned to imitat<!
their ivrformances, adding to tlieni their own
feseeiniine ballads, which they recited to the
sound of music, with appropriate gestures. Here
evidently was thetirst ris(! of dianiutic perform-
ances among the Romans; but, as jet, all was
rude and imperfect, and they were altogether
ignorant of the legidar struc^ture of a draniatic
composition. This thev accpiired the tirst idea
of from tli(! Greeks. I'^uripides and Sophocles
had nourished nearly one hundred and si.xty
y(!ars, and Menander above fiftv years, before
this period. The dramatic i)oein was at this
time in the highest celebrity in (treece. and was
at length, about the year of Rome .">14, intro-
duced into that cominonweallh by Mvius Andron-
icus, a Greek slave. — Tyti.kii"^ Hist., IJook 4,
ch. ;i
iraO. DRAMA, Religious. dhiirchcH. The
tirst dramatics representations known in EtU'oi)e
were devotional pii-ces, acted by the monks, in tlio
churches of their convents, ri'pre.sentativeof tlie
life and actions of our Saviour and of His apos-
tles. In England these representations were term-
ed mi/if(( rii'M, and .sometimes mirdck's and inoral-
iliex. They were brought into use about the
twelfth centiuy, and continued to be performed
in England evou to the sixteenth century. There
is, in the reign of Jlenry V'lll., a i)rohibiti()n, by
the bishop of London, against the performance
of any jilays or interludes in churches or chapels.
Perhai)s at this time profane stories had begim to
take the place of the sacred mysteries ; it is cer-
tain, at least, that these .sacred mysteries them-
selves often contained great absurdities and very
gross indecency. [See No. 1717. J — Tytleh's
Hist., Book 6, ch. 1(5.
1731. DREAM, Directed by a. Coni<t<niUne.
He affirms, with the mo.st perfect contidence,
that in the night wliich preceded the bust battle
against Maxentius, Constant inewiis admonished
in a dream to in.scribe the shields of his .soldiers
with the Ci'lestial mgii of Ood, the .sjicred mono-
gram of the name of Christ ; that he executed
the commands of heaven, and that his valor and
obeilience were rewarded by the decisive \ictory
of theMdvian Bridge. — Gibbon's Rome, ch. 2t>,
p. 2(W.
1722. DREAM realized. Cicero s. Cicero, it
S'iems, had a dream, in which he thought he
called some boys, the sons of senators, up to the
Capitol, liecause Jupiter designed to pitch upon
one of them for sovereign of Rome. The citi-
xcns ran with all the eagerness of expectation,
and placed themselves about the temple ; ancl
the boys in their pra'tcxtte sat silent. The doors
suddenly opening, the bo3's rose up one by one,
and, in their onler, passed round the go(l, who
reviewed them all and .sent them awav disaijpoint-
ed ; but when Octavius approached, he stretch-
ed out his hand to him and said, " Romans, this is
the person who, when he comes to be your prince,
will put an end to your civil wars. ' This vis-
ion, they tell us, made such an impression upon
Cicero, that he perfectly retained the figure and
countenance of the boy. though he did not yet
know him. Next day he went down to the Cam-
l)us Martins, when the boys were just returning
from their exerci.ses ; and the tirst who struck
his eye was the lad in tin? v(!ry form tliat he iiad
seen in his dream. Astonished at the discovery,
Cicero asked him who were his jiarents ; and he
proved to be the .son of Octavius, a person not
nuicli distinguished in life, and of Altia, sister
to Ca-.sar. As he was so near a relation, and
Ca'sai had no children of his own, Ins adopted
him, an I, by will, left him his eslale. Cicero,
after his dn-am, whenever he met young Octji.
vius, is said to have treated him with i)articidar
regard, and he received thos(( marks of his
frieiKiship with great satisfaction. Reside!, h<!
happened to be born the same year that Cicero
was consul. — I'l.iTAUCirH Cri;ho.
172;t. DREAMS, Regard for. Amn-iran Ind-
iitiiK. Dn-ams are to the wild mini the avenue
to the invisible w'orld; he reveres them as divine
revelations, and believes he shall die unless they
are carried into clVect. The capricious visions
in a feverish sleep are obeyed by the village or the
tribe ; the^\'M>le nation would contribute it.s har-
vest, its costly furs, . . . rather than fail in their
fultilment, . . . even if it reciuired the surren-
der of women to public embrace. — Bancuoft's
U. S., vol. ;j, ch. 2-2.
1724. DREAMS verified. Eer. Richard Ihnrd-
moH. (On his way to Parkgate, his jour-
ney took him across the sands, where the tide
returning, and a blinding snow concealing his
course, his condition became extremely ix'rilous.
A wall of ju'ipendicular rocks on one side, the
.sea on the other, left him little hope of escape,
till hi', ob.served two men running down a hill
on the opposite side of the water, who pushed
out a boat, and came to take him off from his
horse, just as the sea had reached his knees as
he .sjit in the saddle.] While we were in the
boat, one of the men said, " Surely, God is with
you." 1 answered, " 1 trust He is." The man
replied, " I know He is ; last night I dreamed
that I must go to the top of such a hill. When
I awoke the dream made such an impression
that I could not rest. I went and called upon
this man to accompany me, . . . and there we
.saw yourdistressed condition." — Stevens' M. E.
CiiLUcii, vol. 1, p. 9().
1725. DREAMS, Visionary. Napoleon I.
[At St. Helena, in his la.st illness, one morning,]
Napoleon started up and exclaimed, in dreamy
delirium, " I have just seen my good Josephine,
b\it she wc.ild not embrace me. She disappear-
ed at the moment when I was about to take her
in my arms. She was seated there. . . . She
is not changed. She is still the same, full of de-
votion to me. She told me we were about to
see each other again, never more to jiart. Did
vou see her ?" — Abbott's N.xpoleon B., vol. 3,
ch. 34.
1726. DRESS, Criminal. Joan of Arc. She
feared in fact among the .soldiery those outrages
to her honor, to guard against which she had from
the first a.ssumed the dress of a man. In the eyes
of the church her dress was a crime, and she
abandoned it ; but a renewed affront forced her
to resume the one safeguard left her, and the re-
turn to it was treated as a relapse into heresy,
which doomed her to death. At the close of
May, 1431, a great pile was raised in the market-
i
206
DRESS.
I
place of Rouen, wlieie lier statue stands now.
Even tlie brutal soldiers who snatched the hated
" witch" from the hands of the clergy ii'"l l>i""-
ried her to her doom were hushed as she reached
the stake. One indeed pa.ssed to her a rough
tro9.s lie had made from a slick he held, and she
(•lasped it to her bosom. As her eves ranged over
the city from the lofty seallold, she was heard to
murmur, " () Houen, Rouen, I have great fear
lest you sufTer for my death !" " Ves, my voices
were of (}od !" she "suddenly cried as the last
momentcame ; " ney have never dece'ved me !"
Soon the Hames reached her, the girl's head saik
on her breast, there was one cry of " Jesi'.s !"
" We are lost," an English soldier muttered as
the crowd broke up ; " we have burnt a saint !"
— lIisT. OK En(i. Pkopi.i;, ^ 433.
1727. DRESS exohang^ed. Joan of Ave. To
travel at such a time with tiveorsix men-at-arms
was enough to alarm a young girl. An English
woman or a German would never have risketl
such a step ; the indelicacy of the proceeding
would have horrified her. Jeanne was nothing
moved by it ; she was too pure to entertain any
fears of the kind. She wore a man's dress — a
dress she wore to the last ; this close and closely
fastened dress was her best safeguard. Yet was
she yoimg and beautiful. But there was around
her, even to tho.se who were most with her, a
barrier rai.sed by religion and fear. — !>Iiciielet's
Joan of Auc, p. y.
172§. DRESS, Extravagance in. B// Example .
[The period of proud Henry VIII. and the os-
tentatious Cardinal Wol.seyJ was an age of dis-
play, when the king set theexamjjle to his court
of the most extravagant splendor, which many
of the nobles ruined themselves to imitate. —
Knhuit'sEng., vol. 2, ch. 17, p. 278.
17*9. . Middle Ages. [From H.TO
to 1485 was a mo.st luxurious period.] It has
iHjen truly .sjiid [by Sir N. H. Nichols] that ex-
travagance in dress "was a peculiar characteris-
tic of the middle ages throughout Europe." The
liandsome Edward IV. and the misshajien Rich-
ard III. were equally careful of the splendor of
their array. Lewis XL of France ... in his last
days his gowns were all crimson satin lined with
rich martins' furs. — Knight's Eng., vol. 2, ch.
7, p. 103.
1730. . Romans. It was a com-
plaint worthy of the gravity of the Senate, that,
in the purchase of female ornaments, the wealth
of the State was irrecoverably given away to for-
eign and hostile nations. Yhe iiiiinial loss is
computed, by a writer of an in(|U! i ive but cen-
sorious temper, at upward of ilSUU.UOO sterling.
—Gibbon's Rome, ch. 2, p. 69.
1731. DRESS, Impressed by. Luther. On
Sunday morning early Luther .sent for his bar-
ber. When he had arrived he asked Luther,
" Doctor, how comes it that you desire to be
shaved at so early an hour ?" Luther replied,
" I am called to meet the ambassador of his Holy
Father, the Pope ; hence I must prepare and
adorn myself to appear before him as if I were
young ; then the legate will think, ' The deuce !
if Luther in his youth has done us so much mis-
chief, what may he not do hereafter ?' " — Rein's
Luther, ch. 22, p. 177.
1733. DRESS, Investment in. Samuel Jolin-
»on. A gentleman told him he had bought a suit
of lace for his lady ; he said: " Well, sir, yoii
have done a good thing and a wise thing." " I
have done; a good thing, ".said the gentleman, "but
I do not know that I have done a wise thing."
Johnson : " Yes, sir ; no money is better spent
than wl'r'.t is laid out for domestic satisfaction.
A man is pleased that his wife is dressed as well
as other ix'ople ; and a wife is nleased that she
is dre.s,se«l." — Boswell's Johnson, p. 248.
1733. DRESS, Legijlation on. England [The
statute of 14(i3 <leclaresj the s(|uire and gentle-
man having i;40 a year may indulge in damask
or .satin, forbidden to their less wealthy neigh-
bors. Mayors, sherill's, and aldermeii hav(!
special exemptions. Below the class of es((uire
and gentleman are those who have obtained po-
sition by their wealth ; and those who have £40
of yearly value may rejoice in furs and gilt gir-
dles. The men jiosse.ssed of less than £40 yearly
are debarred from furs and fustian and scarlet
cloth. The yomen and the pcrs(>ns mider this
degree are to have no stuffing in their doublets.
Lastly, the .servants in hu. bandiy and artiticers
are to wear no clothing of which the cloth shall
cost more than two shillings the broad yard.
The second statute of 1483 prescribes what pe-
culiar cloth of gold or silk shall be forbitlden tO'
all below the royal rank ; what to those below
a duke ; what to those below a lord, of whom
tl e knight only shall wear velvet in his doublet.
By a comprehensive clause, no man under the
estate of a lord should wear cloth of foreign
manufacture ; and the old price of cloth is again
fixed for laborers and artificers. — Knight's Eng.,
vol. 2, ch. 7, p. 101.
1734. . Sumptuary. [In l.')93 the
sumptuary laws of Henry VIII. were not repeal-
ed, but could not be enforced.] Those who were
winning wealth by inchistry would no longer
submit, if they ever did submit, to be told by
statute what they were not to wear, according to-
a scale of :ncome varying from £200 to £o.
They utterly despised the reason set forth for
such arbitra'-y regulation — namely, to prevent
" the .subversion of good and politic order in
knowledge and distinction of peojjle, according
to their estates, pre-eminences, dignities, and de-
grees." A statute of Philip and Mary was direct-
ed against the wearing of silk, except by certain
privileged classes. . . . By statute of 1562-(33 . . .
"foreign stuff or wares" ... if sold to any
person not possessing £3000 a year, in lands or
fees, not being paid for in ready money, the sell-
er was debarred of any legal remedy for the recov-
ery of the debt. By a statute of 1566 velvet
hats or caps were prohibited to all persons under
the degree of a knight ; and by tliat of 1571
every person, except ladies, lords, knights, and
gentlemen having twenty marks by the year in
land, was to wear upon his head, on Sundays and
holidays, a home-made cap of wool, very decent
and comely for all states and degrees. If Stubbes
is to be relied upon, all states and degrees re-
jected the statutory notion of what was decent and
comely. They wore hats " perking up like the
spear or shaft of a temple ;" or hats " flat and
broad and flat on the crown, like the battlements
of a house ; " or " round crowns," with bands of
every color. They wore hats of silk, velvet, taf-
fety, sarsenet, wool, and of "fine hair, which,
they called beaver." .... He was in no esti-
DRESS— DRINKING.
2or
mation among them who had not a velvet or taffe-
ty hat ; " and so conmum a thing it is, that every
serving-man, country-man, or other, even all in-
differently, do wear of lliese hats." — Knioht's
Kno., vol.3, ch. 10, p. 2411.
ir3«. . Ikary Vrif. In Vm
Penry VIII. writeslo liis " well beloved " of the
town of Oalway, .straiglitiy charging and com-
manding that tiiey should jxTpetually observe
certain articles .set'forlh for their weal and ijrcrtt :
"Item, That every iidiahitant, as well within
the said town as llu; suburbs of the sam(!, do
.•^have their over [upper] lips, called crom])eaulis ;
and suffer tlu; hair of tiieir lu-ads to grow till it
cover their ears ; and that every of them wear
English caps. Item, That no man nor manchild
do wear mantles in the streets, but cloaks or
gowns, coats, doublets, hose, shajien after the
Kiiglisli fashion, of the country cloth, or any
other cloth shall plea.so them to buy." ... In
t la; reign of Elizabeth . . . " the ancient dress "
was still worn. The mantle waa still "a fit house
for an outlaw, a neet ])e(i for rebel, and an apt
cloak for a thief." — Knioiit's Eno., vol. 2, cli.
24, p. 390.
1736. . Knfiland. [InVATA a statute
was jiasscd toj restrain the outrageous and exces-
sive apparel of divers people again.st their estate
and degree. " Servants, artificers, . . . tradesmen
. . . and their wives are to wear cloth of a cer-
tain low price, with no gold, or silver, or silk, or
embroidery. . . . Laborers in hu.sbandry, . . .
if they had not forty shillings of goods or chat-
tels, they were to wear only a blanket and ru.sset,
and girdles of linen, according to their estate.
In the.se two classes must have been comprised
the bulk of the population." — Knkuit's Eno.,
vol. 1, ch. 31, p. 479.
1737. DBESS an Obstacle. Olirer Goldmiith.
We have stated Ins great objection to clerical
life, the obligation to wear a black coat ; and,
whimsical as it may appear, dress seemed in fact
to have formed an obstacle to his entrance into
the church. He had ever a pa.ssion for clothing
his sturdy but awkward little per.son in gay col-
ors ; and on this solemn occasion, when it was to
be supposed his garb would be of suitable gravity,
he appeared luminously arrayed in scarlet breech-
es ! He was rejected by the bishop. — Ihving's
Goldsmith, ch. 3, p. 30.
173§. DBESS, Preaching against. Bixhop of
Tjoivdon. [Queen Elizabeth carried her love of
foreign dress almost into a mania. It was the
only expenditure of which she wius profuse. Sir
John Harrington says :] On Sunday my lord of
London preached to the Queen's Majesty, and
seemed to touch the vanity of decking the body
too finely. Her Majesty told the ladies that " if
the bishop held more discourse on such matters,
she would fit him for heaven, but he should walk
thither without a staff, and leave his mantle be-
hind him." — Knioiit's Eng., vol. 3, ch. 16,
p. 247.
1739. DEE8S, Sinful. Joan of Arc. What
illustrates the time, the uninformed mind of tlie.sc
doctors, and iheir blind attachment to the letter
■without regard to the spirit, is, that no point
eeemed graver to them than the sin of having as-
bumed male attire. They represented to her that,
according to the canons, those who thus change
the habit of their sex are abominable in the .sight
of God. At first .she would not give a direct an-
swer, and begged for a respite till the next dav ;
but iier judges insisting on her 'iscarding the
WHS not empowered
riiit it. — MuiiKi.Ki's
dre.s.s, she replied that sli'
to say when she could
Jo.\N, p. 43.
1 7.10. DRINKING, Ancient, h'nf/ldiid. Tlicy
were! hard drinkers, no doulit, as tiicy were h;ird
toilers, and the "ale-feast" was the centre of
tiieir .social life. Hut coarse as the revel might
.seem to mcxlcrii eyes, the scene within tiic tim-
bered hall, wiiicli rose; in the; midst of tiieir vil-
lages, was often Homeric in its simplicity and
dignity, (^uccn or earl's wife, with a train of maid-
ens, bore ale-liowl or mead-bowl roiuid the hall,
from the high .settU; of king orcaldorman in the
midst to the mvad benches ranged around its
walls, while the gleeinan sang tlii' hero-songs of
his race. — Hist. oI'' Eno. 1'i;oi'i,i-,, t; 19.
1741. DKINKINO, Art in, Smnuel Johimm,.
Talking of the effects of drinking, he said :
" Drinking may be jiractised with great i)ru-
dence ; a man who exposes himself wIk'u he is
intoxicated has not the art of getting drunk ; a
.sober man, who liai>pens occasionally to get
<lrunk, readily enough goes into a new company,
which a man who has l)een drinking should never
do. Such a man will undertake an_, thing ; he
is without skill in inebriation. I used to slink
home when I had drunk too much. A man ac-
cu.stomed to .self-examination will be conscious
wlien he is drunk, though an habitual drunkard
will not lie conscious of it. I knew a physician
who for twenty vears was not solier ; yet in a
pamphlet, which he wrote upon fevers, he appeal-
ed to Garrick and me for his vindicatioi from a
charge of drunkenness. A bookseller uiti'niii.g
him) who got a large fortune by trade was so
haliitually and equally drunk, that his most in-
timate friends never perceived that he was moio
sober at one time than another." — Boswell'.i
Johnson, p. 411.
1742. DRINKING, Effects of. Samurl John-
son, I dined with him at Sir Joshua Reynolds'.
I have not marked what company was there.
Johnson harangued upcu the qualities of different
liquors, and spoke with great contempt of claret,
as so weak that " a man would be drowned by
it before it made him drunk." He was persuad-
ed to drink one glass of it, that he might judge,
not from recollection, which might be dim, but
from immediate sensation. He shook his head,
and said: " Poor stuff ! No, sir; claret is the
liquor for boys ; port for men ; but he who
aspires to be a hero (smiling) must drink brandy.
In the first place, the flavor of brandy is most
grateful to the palate ; and then brandy wMIl do
soonest for a man what drinking can do for him. "
— BoswELLs Johnson, p. 409.
1743. . Saminl Jdhiisdii, We dis-
cussed the question whether drinking improved
conversation and benevolence. Sir Joshua main-
tained it did. Johnson : "No, sir; before din-
ner men meet with great inecjuality of under-
standing ; and those who are conscious of their
inferiority have the modesty not to talk. When
they have drunk wine every man feels himself
happy, and loses that motlesty, and grows impu-
dent and vociferous ; but he is not improved ; lie
is only not sensible of his defects. 1 admit that
ao8
DRUNKENNESS— DUP:L.
the spirits nrc riiiswl by drinltliiff , tis by the com-
mon parlicipiitioii of iinv plciiHiirn ; coc kfif^ht-
inj; or bc'tir-liiiitliijr will ruis(* llic spiritH of ti
coiDpany, as drinltin;^ (iocs, tliougli .surely tlii'V
will not improve conversation. I also admit
tliat llieni are some sliij,'f;isli men who an; im-
l)rove(l by drinkiuf^, as there are fruits which
are not ^ond till they are rotten. There ares\icli
men, but tliey are meddlers, 1 indeed allow that
there have been a verv few men of talents who
were im pro veil bydrinkinj^." — IJohwicm.'m Jdiin-
ttON, p. 'Mil
1741. DRUNKENNESS, Melancholy. Alr.nin-
(hr, [l)urin,Ltadnmkencarousaloirenc(!wasgiven
to Alexander the Great b}- one of bisollleers. An
opportunity beinsf presented, ]Ale.\andersnatched
a spear from one of his j^uards, and meeliii!^ (,'li-
tus, as he was puttini; by the curtain, ran him
throujrh th(! body. He fell immediatelv to the
ground, and with a dismal groan e.xijireif. Ale.\-
atuler's rage subsided in a moment ; he came to
himself ; and .seeing his friends standing in silent
astonishment by him, lu; hastily drew th(! spear
out of the dead body, and was ajiplying it to his
own throat, when his guarils .seized his hands,
and carried him by force into his claunber. He
jiiissed that night and the next day in anginsh in-
exjjre.ssible ; and when he had wasted himself
with tears and lamentations, la; lay in speechless
grief, uttering oidy now and then a groan. His
friends, alarmeil at this melancholy silence,
forced themselves into the room, and attempted
to console him. — Pi.itaucu'w Aij:xandkii.
1 715. DRUNKENNESS pTinished. Drunkard's
Clodh. [In 171)8 there were ])uni.shments for
low debauchery, such as the drunkard's cloak,
consisting of a barrel minus the lower head, hav-
ing an opening in the upper part for the projec-
tion of the head of the wearer, whose body was
enclcsed by it ; small openings on the sides per-
mitted the extension of the hands, which could
not reach the mouth.] — Knioht's Eno., vol. 3,
ch. 1(5.
17<I6. DUEL, Combat by. Ale.rnnder. Alex-
ander having subdued all on this side the Eu-
f)hratcs, began his march against Darius, who
lad taken the field with 1,000,000, men. Dur-
ing this march (me of his friends mentioned to
him, a.s a matter that might divert liim, that the
servants of the army had divided themselves into
two bands, and that each had diosen a chief,
one of which they called Alexander, and the
other Darius. Tliey Ix-gan to skirmish with
clods, and afterward fought with their fists ; and
at last, heated with a desire of victory, many of
them came to stones and sticks, insomuch that
they could hardly be parted. The king, upon
this report, orilered the two chiefs to fight in sin-
gle cond)at, and armed Alexander with his own
hands, while Philotas did the same for Darius.
The whole army stood and looked on, consider-
ing the event of this combat as a presage of the
issue of the war. The two champions fought
with great fury ; hut he who bore the name of
Alexander proved victorious. He was reward-
ed with a present of twelve villages, and allowed
to wear a Persian robe, as Eratosthenes tells the
story. — Plutakch's Alexander.
1747. DUEL, Hnrder by. Alexander Hamil-
ton. In the summer of 1804 the country was
sliocked by the intelligence that Vice-President
Burr liad killed Alexander Hamilt(m in a duttl.
[liurrwas ambitious to secure the Presidential
chair after Mr. JelTcrson'ssei-ond tcnn. To thi.s
end he became a candidate for the governor'.^
olllcc! in New York. J Hut Hanulton's powerful
intluence in Niw \ork ])revented Burr's elec-
tion, and his Presidential andation received a
strmiing blow. Prom that day he determined
to kill the man whom he preteiuh'd to regard as
the desi royer of his hoi)es. 1 le accordingly sought
a ipiarrel with Hanulton ; challenged Tifm ; met
him at Weehawken, opiu)sile New York, on tho
morinng of the Uth of .Inly, and deliberately
murdered him ; for Hanulton had tried to avoid
the challenge, and when face to face with liis
antagoni.st refu.sed to lire. Thus, imder the sav-
ag»! and al)omiiud)le custom of duelling;, was put
out the brightest intellect in America. — Uiu-
I'ATii's U. S'., ch. -IH, J). Wi.
17'1§. DUEL, Naval, hi'tl Jonoi. Dr. Frank-
lin succeeded in getting him another ship, tho
ever famous Bon Homme Bichard, thus named
by Captain Jones in honor of the venerable edi-
tor of Poor Richard's Almanac. She was a
large, .slow, rotten old ship, carrying forty gims,
and manned by three hundred 'and eighty sail-
ors and landsmen of all nation.s — French, Irish,
Scotch, Portuguese, Malays, Maltese, and a
■tprinkling of Americans. It was in this ship
that the indomitable .lones fought the Serapis, a
new British sliip of forty-four guns, one of the
.stoutest vessels in the English navy. This was
perhaps the most desperate and bloody contest
that ever took place between single ships. It
was fought in tlu; evening of Septeml)er 23d,
1778, so near the Yorkshire coast that the battle
was witnessed by Imndreds of spectators on tlio
shore. ... jvt half-past ten in the evening, the
British sliip being on fire in many places, her
captain struck his colors. The Bon Homme
Richard was .so completely knocked to pieces
that she could not be kept afloat. She sank tlio
next da}', and Captain Jones went into port in
the captured ship, with 700 prisoners. This great
victory raised his fame to the highest point. The
King of France gave him a magnificent diamond
hilted sword, and Con^jress voted him a gold i led-
al. — Cyclopedia of Bioa., p. 337.
1749. DUEL proposed. Monarchs. The French
army had passed the Alps, when Charles V.
set out from Rome, and obliged them again
to retreat across the mountains, and entering
Provence, advanced as far as Marseilles, and
laid siege to Aries, while another army rav-
aged Champagne and Picardy. It was on this
occasion of tlie enterprise agiunst the Milanese
that Francis [I.] took it into his head to send
Charles a cliallenge to engage him in single
combat, staking as a prize Milan on the one
part, and Burgundy on the other. The chal-
lenge was accepted, but it may be believed that
this extraordinary duel was never fought. — Tyt-
LEu's Hist., Book 6, ch. 19.
1750. DUEL, Religious. Wellingt/m. [On
the 21st of March, 182S», the Duke of Wellington
had a ho.stile meeting in Battersea fields with the
Earl of Winchelsea, occasioned by an insinuation
respecting the duke's sincere attachment to Prot-
estantism.] The Duke of Wellington fired
without effect ; the Earl of Winchelsea dis-
charged his pistol in the air, and then tendered
DIELS— KAinilCiL AKKS
•.'UO
Knu., vol. 8, ell.
JiikIiOi Qiiinc)/.
I) Written apoloifv. — Knkiht'h
12, 1). 240.
1751. DUELS, Inequality in,
His ardor in dcliate woiiltl liiivc led to rrc(|ii('nl
cliaik'H^^rs and diicin if la; had not from the tlisi
inad(> ii|) Ids ndnd never to he Indlied into an ac-
qine.scenei! witli ho liarliarous a ciistoni. In con-
versation with Soulherii nieinhers on th(! suli-
jeet, he \vo\dd Kay : " We do not stanil upon
(•((ual jjrounds in this matter. If \\v ♦'■.chl and
you kill me, it is a feather in your cap, and ycau'
consUUients will think all the better of you for
it. If I should kill you, it would ruin na- with
mine., and they would never send meto (Jonyress
ayain." — Cvci.orKDiA of Uioo., p. l'\'l.
irsa. DUPLICITY, National. Tmtr/i,-iwii>. An
amount of dui)li(ity and treachery, happily un-
|)arallel(!d iu the i'ulun! conducl of our coun-
try, [was practis(?d hy the ministry of Queen
Anne toward the allies, with whom she was
hound, hy special treaties, to resist France). The
ministry were afraid of .some hrilliant succ:ess in
Flanders that niif?ht deran;;o their plans ; and to
prevent such a calannty, they fj^avo wecret infor-
mation to the enemy of the nulitary projects of
the allies, and at the most critical moment of the
campaign they withdrew their troops from the
contest. [Their general was commanded to keep
up the pretence of co-oiH-ration, hut to prevent
any engagement hefons he was ordereil home
Avith his army.] — Knioht'bEno., vol. 5, ch. 2.1,
p. ;592.
irSJl. DUTIES, High. .'^///. [During the reign
of William 111. the duty on salt was raised to
forty times the value of the article ta.xed.] —
Knkhit'h En(j., vol. 5, ch. 2, p. 22.
1754. DWELLINGS, Plainness in. Lynirf/iis
the Jjawgiirr. He issued an ordinance which
levelled against magniticence and expense, direct-
ed that the ceilings of hou.ses should he wrought
with no tool hut the axe, and the doors with
nothing hut the saw. For Epaniinondas is re-
])orted to have said, afterward. . . su(!h a house ad-
mits of no luxury and needless splendor. Indeed,
no man could be so absurd as to bring into a
dwelling so homely and simple, bedsteads with
silver feet, purple coverlets, golden cups, and a
train of expense that follows these, but all would
necessarily have the bed suitable to the room,
the coverlet of the bed and the rest of their
utensils and furniture to tiiat. — PLUTAiicu's
Lycurous.
1755. EABNESTNES8, Eloquence of. Peter tlie
Hermit. [He instigated the Crusades.] When lie
])ainted the sufferings of tlie natives and pilgrims
of Palestine, every heart was melted to compas-
sion ; every breast glowed with indignation when
lie challenged the warriors of the age to defend
their brethren and rescue their Saviour ; his igno-
rance of art and language was compensated by
sighs and tears and ejaculations ; and Peter sup-
plied the deficiency of reason by loud and fre-
«iuent appeals to Christ and His mother, to the
sjiints and angels of paradise, with whom he had
personally conversed. The most perfect orator
of Alliens might have envied the success of his
eloquence ; the rustic enthusiast inspired the
passions which he felt, and Christendom expect-
ed with impatience tlie counsels and decrees of
the supreme pontiff. — Gibbon's Kome, ch. 58,
p. 538.
1750. EARNESTNESS vs. Humor. Abraham
Liiiridii, A radical member of . . . Congress
. . . during ihe dark days of 18(>2 . . . called
upon the President. Mr. Lincoln conuneiiced
telling some trilling incident, which Ihe Con-
gressman WHS in no mood to hear. He ros(! to
his feet, and said, " .Mr. President, I did not come
here this morning to hcarstoi'ies ; it is too serious
a time." Instanily Uw. smile.' di.sii]>p('Mr('il from
■Mr. Lincoln's face, who exclaimed, " A , sit
down ! \ resiM'ct you as an earnest and sincere
man. Vou cannot be more anxious than I am
constantly, and 1 say to you now, that were it
not for this occasional rent, 1 should die!" —
K.wmond's Lincoln, j). 72((.
1757. EARNESTNESS, Success by. Wmuliii.
Sirord. AlKl-el-.Mourad, a dervish and a favor-
ite v.arrior of Orkhan, made a vow never to em-
;)loy in batth; but a sabre made of the wood of the
plane-trie. The vigor of his arm gave, it is said,
to this weapon the weight and the edge of one of
iron. Orkhan, at the death of Abd-el-Mourad,
caused the weapon to he treasured in the archives
of the empire. — L.\.maiitink'8 Tukkky, p. 220.
175§. EARTHQUAKE, Destructive. Ancient.
In the second j'car of the reign of Valentinian
and Valens, on the morning of th(! twenty-tirst
dayof .luly, the greatest i)art of the Roman world
was shaken hy a violent and destructive carth-
(juake. The imiire.ssion was communicated to
the waters ; the shores of the Mediterranean were
left dry by the- sudden retreat of the sea ; great
((uantities of fish were caught with the hand ;
large ves.sels were stranded on the mud : and a
curious spectator amused his eye, or rather his
fancy, hy contemjilating th(! various a])pearance
of valleys and mountains, which had never, since
the formation of the glolx', been exposed to the
sun. But the tide .soon returned, with the weight
of an immense and irresistible deluge, which was
.severely felt on the coasts of Sicily, of Dalmatia,
of Greece, and of Egypt ; large boats were trans-
])orted and lodged on the roofs of houses, or at
the distance of two miles from the slion^ ; the
jieople, with their habitations, were swei)t away
i)y the waters ; and the city of Alexandria annu-
ally commemorated the fatal day on which
lift}' thousand persons had lost their lives in the
inundation. — Gihuon's Ho.mk, cli. 20.
1750. EARTHQUAKES, Period of. Annent.
[The historian oh.serves] that this fever of the
earth raged with uncommon violence during the
reign of Justinian. Each year is marked by the
repetition of earthquakes, of such duration that
Constantinople hius been shaken above forty days;
of such extent, that the shock has been commu-
nicated to the whole surface of the globe, or at
least of the Roman empire. An impulsive or
vibnitory motion was felt ; enormous chasms
were opened, huge and heavy bodies were dis-
charged into the air, the sea alternately advanced
and retreated beyond its ordinary bounds, and a
mountain was torn from Libanus and cast into
the waves, where it protected, as a mole, the new
harbor of Botrys in Phcenicia. The stroke that
agitates an ant-hill may crush the insect-myriads
in the dust ; yet truth must extort confession that
man has industriously labored for his own de-
struction. The institution of great cities, which
include a nation within the limits of a wall, al-
most realizes the wish of Culijjula, that the Ro-
210
EASE— ECONOMY.
man p«'()|)I(' luul l«it one neck. Two Iniiulrcil
and fitly tlioiisiiml pcrHoti.s iirc said to luivc pcr-
islicd in t.li(! (>aitlii(iiHk(! of Ar.tiocii, wIiohc <lo-
incslio inultituilts were Hwcllcd l>y tiic ciintlii?:
«it' stmnjfcrH to the festival of tliu Ascfiision. —
GiIIHON'h ItoMK, ell. -Hi.
I760. EASE, Irreligioai, Stiimitl Jnhnnon.
Ill Iris " Meditations" lie lli,.-( aectises himself:
"Good Fridiiy, Anril 20, 1704. 1 have made
no reformation ; I have lived totally useless,
more scuisual in thought, and more addicted
to wine and meat." And ne.xt morning \w
thus feelingly eomplains : " .My indolence, sinct!
my last re(u;ption of the sacrament, lias sunk
into grosser sluggishness, and my dissi])atioii
si)read into wilder negligence. >Iy thoughts
have heeii clouded with sensuality ; and ex-
cejit that from the heginning of tliis year I
have, in some measure, forl)orne excess of 'strong
drink, my appetites have predominate<l over my
reason. A kind of strange oblivion has over-
spread me, .so that I know not what has hecomt!
of tlu! last year ; and perceive that incidents and
intelligence i)ass over nw without leaving any
impression." lie then .solenudy .says : " This is
not tlie life to which heaven is promised ;" and
lie earnestly resolves an amendment. — IJos-
AVEi.i/s Johnson, p. 1!54.
irei. EATING, Custom in. .Wntrhcxtn: The
social condition of Manchester at the end of the
.seventeenth century was very primitive. Its man-
ufacture.s were carried on by small masters, who
had apprentices residing "a their hou.ses. Tlio
master and his j'oung men lireakfa.sted together
up(m " water pottage boiled thick," and u bowl
of milk stood ui)on the table, into which all
dipped their .spoons. — Knkhit's Ex<i., vol. 5,
til. 2, p. 24.
170tl. . Roman. The custom of
reclining on couches came not into use till the
end of the sixth century, and for some time after
it was adopted by tlie men the Roman ladies,
from motives of decency, continued to sit up-
right at table ; but these scruples were soon re-
moved, and all promiscuously adopted the re-
cumlient po.sture, except the youth who had not
vet attained the age of putting on the manly robe.
'They sat in a respectful posture at the bottom of
the couch. These couches were ranged along
three sidesof a.square table, which was then called
triclinium, as was likewise the chamber itself in
which they supped. The fourth side of the table
remained open for the .servants to place and re-
move the dishes. Above was a large canopy of
cloth suspended by the corners, to i)revent the
compiny being Incommoded with dust. It was
this custom that enables Horace to introduce a
ludicrous accident, which he dc.scril)es as occur-
ring at a supper given by the niggardly but os-
tentatious Nasidienus to Mecitnas, and .some
other courtiers. While the landlord is enlarging
on the praises of a favorite disli, and discu.ssing
the merits of the component ingredients of the
sauce, the canopy falls down and involves every-
thing — ho.st, guest, supper and dishes — in a cloud
of dust and darkness. — Tytleh'b Hist. , Book 4,
ch. 4.
1763. ECONOMY, Habit of. Treasure. For
their relief [the people], as often as they had
suffered by natural or hostile calamities, he was
impatient to remit the arrears of the past, or the
demands of future' taxes; he sternly rejected the
servile offerings of his ministers, wiiich were
{•ompen.sated bv tenfold oppression ; and the wise
and equitable laws of Tiberius excited tlie praise
and regret of sue(;eeding times, (,'on.stantinople
lM;lieved that the emperor had discovered a treas
tire ; but his genuine treasure consisted in tlic
practice of liberal economy, and the contempt of
all vain and supertiiious expense. Tlu! Koinans
of the East would have been happy, if the best
gift of Heaven, a patriot king, had been con-
firmed as a proper and permanent blessing. [Ti-
lierius was emperor of the Ea.stern Empire.] —
GiHHONS Uo.Mi;, ch. 45, p. 404.
176'l. ECONOMY misrepresented. Meavnetin.
[It is common to impute blame to Eli/.abetii for
parsimony, as slui was not accustomed to spend
her revenues for her own luxurious gratification.
iSlie used them to pay the crown debt of four
millions, and to repair her decayed navy. Hlie
consumed little or nothing in her |)leasures.] —
Knight'ii En(i., vol. il, ch. 15, p. 238.
1765. ECONOMY, National. F)-edcrirk the
Great. [Kvery scjveiith man in the vigor of life
was a soldier — army expenses enormous.] In
order that it might not be utterly ruinous, it was
necessary that every other expense should be cut
(lownlothe lowest possible point. Accordingly,
Frederick, tliough his dominions bordered on
the sea, had no navy. He neither had nor wished
to have colonies, llis judges, liis fiscal officers,
were meanly paid. His ministers at foreign
courts walked on foot, or drove shabby old car-
riages till tlu* axletrees gave way. Even to his
highest diplomatic agents, who resided at Lon-
don and Paris, he allowed less than £1000 ster-
ling a year. The royal household was managed
with a frugality unusiml in the establishments of
opulent subjects — unexampled in any other pal-
ace. The king loved good eating and drinking,
and during a great part of his lite took pleasure
in seeing his table .surrounded by guests ; yet the
whole charge of his kitchen was brought within
the sum of £2000 sterling a year. He examined
every extraordinary item with a care which might
be thought to suit the mistress of a boarding-
house better than a great prince. — Macaulay'8
FUEDEBICK THE GllKAT, p. 46.
1766. ECONOMY and Thrift. Imperial. [.lolin
Ducas VatJices, ruler of the Eastern Empire in
1222, rescued the provinces from national and
foreign usurpers.] The calamities of the times
had wasted the numbers and the .substance of
the Greeks ; the motives and the means of agri-
culture were extirpated ; and the most fertih;
lands were left without cultivation or inhabi-
tants. A portion of this vacant property was
occupied and improved by the command, and
for the l)enefit, of the emperor ; a powerful hand
and a vigilant eye supplied and surpassed, by a
skilful management, the minute diligence of a
private farmer ; the royal domain became the
garden and granary of Asia ; and without im-
poverishing the people, the sovereign acquired a
fund of innocent and productive wealth. Ac-
cording to the nature of the soil, his lands were
sown with corn or planted with vines ; tlie past-
ures were filled with horses and oxen, with sheep
and hogs ; and when Vataces presented to the
empress a crown of diamonds and pearls, he in-
formed her, with a smile, that this precious orna-
KCONOMV-EDUCATIOX.
iill
incnl iiroHc from thcHult! of tlui (%'j;s of 1»Ih Imiu-
incruhh! poullry. Tlic produce of liis doiimin
WHS ii])plic(l to tliciimintciiiuK'c of liis imiIucc and
liospitiils, th*' calls of di^niily and l)riicvol(>iic<' ;
the lesson was still more usefiii than th(! revemie ;
the plough was restored to its ancient security
and honor; and the noliles were taught to seek
u sure and independent revenue from tlieir es-
tates, instead of adorniii'^ their splendid he^'i^arv
l)y the oppn^ssion of thi; jieople, or (what is al-
most lliesame) liylho favors of the court. — GiiJ-
jtoNs lioMi;, cli.'4'-».
ir«r. ECONOMY, WiM. William Pnt I), a.d.
10H2. [Wli(!U at)oul to leav(! his family for
America,] liis wife, who was the love of his
youth, WHS reminded of his impoverishment he-
cause of his public si)irit, and recommended econ-
omy. " liive low and sparin^^ly till my dehts he
l>ai(l." Yet for his children he adds : " Let their
iearnin;i; he lilieral ; spare no cost, for by such
parsimony all is lost that Is .saved." — H.vnciiokt's
U. S.. vol. a, ch. 1(».
I7«K. ECSTASY, Religious. Ihnninn. The
fi\i(Tcrinj.C was over now, and he felt that it had
been infinitely beneficial to him. He understood
better the ^^loiy of God and of His Son. The
Scriptures had opened their secrets to him, and
lie had .seen them to be in very truth the kevs of
the kinftdom of heaven. Never so clearly as
lifter this "temptation" had ho perceived "the
lieiirhts of ;i;race and love and mercy." Two
or three times " he had such stran^rt; apprehen-
sions of the grace of God as had amazed him."
The impression was .so overpowerinjif, that if it
had continued long " it would have rendered
him incapable for business." — Fuoude's Bcn-
YAN, ch. 4.
1769. EDIFICE, Monumental. PevickH. The
orators of Thucyclides' party raised a clamor
against Pericle.s, asserting that he wasted the
public treasure, and brought the revenue to noth-
ing. Pericles, in his defence, asked the people
in full assembly whether they thought he had
expended too much. Upon their answering in
the affirmntivo, " Then belt," said he, " charged
to my account, not yours ; only let the new edi-
fice be inscribed with my name, not that of the
people of Athens." Whether it was that they
admired the greatness of his spirit, or were am-
bitious to share the glory of such magnificent
works, they cried out that he might spend as
much as he pleased of the public trea.sure, with-
out sparing it in the least. — Flutakch's Pek-
ICLES.
ITyO. EDUCATION, Ancient. Persians. Yet
amid this wantonness of Asiatic magnificence,
the care which those princes bestowed on the
education of their children merited the highest
prai.se. They were, almost as .soon as born, re-
moved from the palace, and committed to the
charge of eunuchs of approved fidelity and dis-
cretion. At .seven 3-ears of age they learned tlie
<?xercise of riding, and went daily to the chase,
to inure them betimes to fatigue and intrepidity.
At the age of fourteen they were put under the
care of four preceptors eminently distinguished
by their wisdom and abilities. T^lie first opened
to them the doctrines of the magi ; the second
impres,sed them with a veneration for truth ; the
third exercLsed them in the habits of fortitude
«nd maguanimity : ;uid the fourth inculcatetl
the most didlcult of all lessons, especially to Iho
great — the perfect command and government of
thi'ir passions. — Tyti-eu'h IIiht., iJook 1, ch. 11.
I7TI. . popular. The Persians
ill general, above every other nation, were noted
for their extreme attention to the education of
youth. Heforc the age of live the children wens
cxclusivelv under the tuition of tlu; mother and
assistant i'enmles. After that age they wcro
committed to the < liiirge of the inai/i, aiiorderof
men wlios(! proiier function was tliat of priests
or ministers of the national religion, but who
spent their lives in the pursuit of wisdom and
the i)ractice of the strictest morality. Hy their
precepts and their example, the Persian youth
wen; early trained to virtue and good morals.
They were taught the most sacred regard to truth,
the "highest veneration for their imreiits and su-
periors, tlu! most perfect submission to the laws
of their country, and respect for its magistrates.
Nor was the culture of tlnr body neglected. Tlio
youth wen; trained to every manly exercise — a
jireparative to their admission into the body
of the king's guards, in which they were enrolled
at the age of si'venleeii. The general system of
education among the I'ersians is thus laconically
described by Ih-rodotus : "From tli<! age of
five to that "of twenty they leach tlie'r children
three things alone — to manage a horse, to u.s<5
the l)ow w itli dexterity, and to speak truth." —
Tvti.eu's Hist., Hook 1, ch. 11.
irra. education, Antl-ClMsloal. Fretlerirk
tin' (Iri'dt. The Latin was positively interdicted.
"My son," his Majesty wrote, "shall not learn
Latin ; and, more than that, I will not sutler any-
Itody even to mention such a thing to me." Ono
of the preceptors ventured to read the Golden
Hull in the original with the Prince Uoyat.
Frederick William entered the room, and broko
out in his usual kingly style. " Ha.scal, what
are you at there ?" " Plea.se, your Majesty," an-
swered the preceptor, "I was explaining the
Golden Hull to his royal IIighne.ss." " rUGold-
en Bull you, you rascal," roared the majesty
of Pru.ssia. Up went the king's cane, away ran
the terrified instructor, and Frederick's cla.ssical
education was ended. — Macaulay'8 Fkedeii-
ICK THE GUEAT, p. 16.
1773. EDUCATION, Apportionment for. Mussa-
chusctts Colony. The governor assigned for the
support of the [Harvard] college the profits of
the ferry over the Charles River, and the people
were called upon to make an annual contributioa
to it, of at least one peck of corn ! For many, many
years, however, the college was a heavy charge
upon the people, and the tutors and president
were most scantily and precariously maintained.
. . . Nine years after their winter march through
the wilderness the Connecticut colonists begun
to contribute a little toward the support of Har-
vard College, each family being requested by the
legislature to give one peck of wheat per annum.
— Cvci.oPEniA OK BioG., pp. 584, 591.
1774. EDUCATION appreciated. Ancient Po-
viitns. Plutarch, in his comparison between
Numa and Lvcurgus, has bestowed a severe cen-
.sure on the floman lawgiver, for his neglecting
to establish a system, or to institute any fixed
rules for the education of the Roman youth.
Hut the truth is, that although the Imns prescrib-
ed no such system, or general plan of discipline.
21'
EDITATTON.
liki- tlioMc nf Spiiilii, yrl there never existed ii
people wild heNtiiwed more iitteiitioii on tiie eil-
iieulion of their voiith. In the iiiiilo;riir', " I)e
Oriilorihim," allrifdited hy some iiiilhors to 'I'liei
tiis, liy otherMloljiiiiitihiin, there {hii tinepaNMii>i;e
uliieli siiows in areiniirkahle nmniierlhat extreme
••are heHtowed, even in the cMriiest inliiney, to
foirn the mannern and diNposition of tlii^ Koman
rliilihcM. From t\\\'* passai;(! we learn, that in
till- earlier a.L;e.s of liie liomaii I'oinino'iweallii,
Kiieh was thai anxioiiH eare iiextowed on tiieir
<liildreii by tlii! Koinan matrons-— mikIi tiial jeal-
ousy of their reeeivini; any of tlieir earliest im-
pri'ssioiiH from slaves or doineslies — that they
not only eihieated their own children, hiil ae
eoiinleil it an hoiioralile employment to siiperin-
leiid and assist in ediiealiiii; the ehildreii of their
relations. — Tvti,ku'h IIiht., Hook 4, < h. ;{.
1775. . liirhiirdArkirri,,!,!. \\{\v\\-
iird Arkwri^'lit, the inventor of the spiiininj^-nia-
<hiiie, was, after a seven' stniifK'*'. raised from
i)overty to wealth! As he rosi; into rank and
impoi'laii('(>, he felt the necessity of correctinjf
the defects of his early education ; and after his
tlftieth year lie api)lied two hours of each dav,
snatcheil from sleej), to improve liimsi'lf in
^'raminar, orthofjrapliy, and writinj?. — Knkuit'h
Kn(»., vol. 7, di. )}, p" 4».
177«. . Sir WUmin Joix's. There
was a little boy who some years back entered
Marrow School, and was put into a class beyoial
his years, wherein all the other boys had the ad-
vantage of prcivious instruction. His master
used to reprove his dulness, but all his elTorts
<'o\dd not raise him from the lowest place in the
form. But the boy, nothing daunted, procured
the grammar and other elementarv hooks whi(^li
the others had previously .studied ; he devoted
the hours of play, and not a few of the hours of
Kleep, to the mastery of these, till, in a few weeks,
111! be;;aii fjradually to rise, and it was not long
bijfore 111! shot far ahead of his companions, aiul
became not only the leader of his cla.ss but the
pride of Harrow. TIk! statiKi of that boy, who
thus zealously began his career, is in Wt Paul's
(Cathedral ; for he lived to be the greatest Orien-
{x\\ seliolar in modem Europe.
1777. . Robert HtephcuMonit Futhcr.
When Robert was a little boy, I .saw how deti-
cient I was in education, and I made up mj' mind
that he should not labor under the sjime defect,
but that I would put him to a good school, and
give him a liberal training. I was, liowever, a
lK)or man. ... I betook myself to mending my
neighbors' clocks. — S.mii.eh' IJiukk JJiodii.v-
riiiES, p. 56.
1 778. EDUCATION, Athletic. Roman. Tlio
oxeroises of the boiiy were . . . particularly at-
tended to. Wrestling, running, boxing, swim-
ming, using the Ixjw and javelin, managing the
liorse, and, in short, wliat(!ver might harden tlu;
body and increase its strength and activity, were
all reckoned necessary parts of education. — Tyt-
ler's Hist., Book 4, ch. a.
1770. EDUCATION, Beginning in. Colony
of Massachusettit. It was ever the custom, and it
soon became a law, in Purit^in New England,
that "none of the brethren should suffer so much
barbarism in their families as not to teach their
«hildren and apprentices so much learning as
may enable them perfectly to read the Kngllslt
tongue. "~nAMiioKr'M r. S,, vol. I, ch. 1().
i7»0. EDUCATION, Chrlitlan. h'/ii/fom/, \r,U).
.lollll Colet . . . sei/.ed the opportunilv to com-
mence the work of educalional reform liy dt'vnt-
ing, in I'tlO, his pi'i\Mli' lortnne to the founda-
tion of a granimiir school lirside St, I'mil's. The
bent of its founder's mind was nIiowii by the
image of the child .lesiis over the master's chair,
with the words" Hear ye Him" graven beiienlh
it. " I,ifl up your lillle while hands for me,"
wroti! the dean lo lii<< s( hulnrs in words which
prove the lendei'ticss thai lay beneath the Hterii
outer seeming <it a man—" for me which piayelh
for you to (iod." All the educational desigiiM of
the reformers were (arried out in the new founda-
tion. Th,' old melhodsof iii.strucliiai weresuper-
seded by fresh grammars comiiosed hy Erasmus
and other scholars for its use. Lily, an Oxford stu-
dent who had studied (Jreek in the East, was
|)laced at its head. Theinjunctionsof the founder
aimed at the union of rational religion with sound
learning, at the exclusion of the scholastic logic,
and at the sleiidy dilTiision of the two classical
literatures— liisr. ok Eno. I'i:oi'I,k, ^ Mi.
I7MI. EDUCATION, Civilization by. Ann'nit
(icrinanii. The (Jeinians. in the age of Tacitus,
were unacquainted with the us(! of letters ; and
11k u.s«t of letters is the jirincipal circumstance
that distinguishes a civili/ed people from a herd
of savages incapable of knowledge or ri'tlection.
Without that artificial help, the liunian memory
soon dissi])ates or corrupts the ideas intrusted to
her charg(! ; and the nobler faculties of the mind,
no longer sup|>lied with modelsor with materials,
gradually forget their jiowers ; the judgment In--
comes feeble and lethargic, the imagination lan-
guid or irregular. Fully to appreiiend this im-
portant trutli let us attempt, in an iin])roved so-
ciety, to calculate the immense distance between
the man of learning and the illitcruU' jiea.sant.
The former, by reailingand reflection, multiiilies
his own experience, and lives in distant ages and
remote countries ; while the latter, rooted to a
single spot, and confined to a few years of exist-
ence, surjiasses but very little hisfellow-lalK)rer,
the ox, in the exercise of his mental faculties.
The same, and even a greater dillerence, will bo
found betwe«n nations than between individuals ;
and we may safely pronounce without .some sjie-
cies of writing, no people . . . has ever made any
considerable progress in the abstract sciences, or
ever ])()s.se.ssed in any tolerable degree of perfec-
tion the useful and agreeable arts of life. — Gin-
noNs Uo.MK, ch. )). J). 2r)8.
1782. EDUCATION, Collegiate. Soiitf,e,y. Of
all the months of his life, those i)as.sed at Oxford,
Southey declared, were the most uuprotitable.
" All I learnt was a little swimming . . . and u
little Iwating. ... I never remember to have
dreamt of Oxford — a sure proof how little it en-
tered into my moral being ; of school, on the con-
trary, I dream iierpetually." The nu.scellaneous
society of workers, idlers, dunces, bucks, men of
muscle and men of money, did not plea.se him ;
he lacked what Word.swortli calls" the congre-
gating temper that pervades our unripe years."
— Dowden's Soutiiky, ch. 2.
1783. EDUCATION, Contributions for. Yafa
College. "I give these books for the founding
of a college in this colony." Such were thy
KDlCATIoN.
IIJ
wohIh (if ten niliihliTM wlio, in llio year 17(H),
UMMi'iiililcd III tlif villaxrnf ilraiifdnl, ii frw iitilcH
I'lkMlof New ilitvfii. Kiu'li (if tlic worthy fiUlirrs
(lc|>(>Hi(c(lu few lidoksdii the tulilciir(iiiii(l wliicli
tlifv wcru Hitlin^ ; nikIi whs llic fniiiKlliiKof Viilc
i'luU'lH'. . . (>iic(if llic iiKiHl libiril imlioim was
Klihu Viilr Uii.rATHH U. H., ell. 21, p. l\)'i.
irMI. EDUCATION, Deflolenoy in. (liorr/c
\V(iM/iiii;/t()u. The Hdii of a widow . . . liorn . . .
Iiciiciitli tint roof of II VVt'HtiiiorciaiKi fanner;
iilniosl from iiiraiicy liix lot iia(i liccii tin- lot. of
nil (ir|iliiiti. No academy liad welcomed liim to
ilH Hliadcs, nocoliegiM'i'owned liim witii its iioii-
ors ; to read, to write, to ciplier — these had lieen
liin (lei;rceH in iiilowlcd^e. — H,\NCIlol'r'H I'. S,,
<h. 21, Sdl. :j.
I7MA. EDUCATION, Dtprived of. IMn- ('<>o-
]u'r, 1,1,. n. i"'roin his delicacy of eoiistitiilion
<hietly. lie was never alilii to endure the conllne-
iiient of Hcliool ; in fad, Ik* never attended school
more than otu; year, and then only a portion of
tli(! time for apart of the day. Owin^ to this
cause, mon-than to the poverty of his fiitlier, lie
was deprived of all school traiiiini,'. Hut this
turned out in after years ii lilessini;, altliou^di lie
• oiild never so rej^ard it ; for ()n(! of the deepest
intluences tliat slia|)ed Ids character and acts was
thehi^h estiinatt; liu put U|)oii linowlcd^e, whicli
lie was notable to olitain in his hovhood, and to
this fact W(! owe the existeiuM! of tlie Cooper In-
fttitute. iI(M)ft(>n said tohis friends that lit? was
«lelerniined, as far its in liiin lay, to save as inanv
vounji; people lus ho could from what he called
his misfortune— the lack of early education.
This Is one of the instances in which some of the
^'renlost j,MftH of fortune turn out to have been
lileHsin^s in dis^uist; . . . Ik; persisted to the last in
regarding "the lack of schoolinii; " as \\\c ;^reat
inisfortuno of his life. " If I could have had
such adviintai^es as we can >rive the |)()orest boy
now, how much more could I haw doiK; I"
Tiiesc words often fell from his lijis. — LiisTKii's
litKK OK PlCTKU C'OOI'KU, J). U.
ITSO. EDUCATION, Devote'l to. Cohfnnim.
I{eturninj^to his native country al'cr his journey
in .search of wisdom, he entered lieriously upon
the ^rcat work of his life, wliicl' was to record
all that he bad himself learned and thought, as
well as all whicli lie considered worthy of preser-
vation ill the works of the luicicnis. His object
was to gather and to iirnm,ii:e the whole wisdom
of his country so that it could be conveniently
commuiiicated to his people and their descendants
forever. To this labor he devoted a'l the leisure
of the rest of his life, and he prodiic d a series of
works upon which the soul of ("liiiia has ever
since subsisted, and which do really contain a
very pure and exalted system (d' morals. — Cv-
CI.OPKUIA OK Biod., p. 411.
irsr. EDUCATION difficult. Mvoham I.in-
cnlii. Durinf^the twelve years that the family
remained in Indiana, Abraham's father encourag-
ed him to improve all the (.pjiortunities offered
for mental development. How scanty these
lirivile^-es were may be inferred from the fact that
the entire number of days that he wivsable to at-
tend school hardly exceeded one year. — Ray-
mond's Lincoln, ch. 1, p. 21.
iy§§. . George WanJiington. At
eleven years old left an orphan to the care of
. . . an unlettered mother, be k"'W up without
IcMrnln^. Of arithmetic and geometry he ac-
(luired just knowledge eiioui;h to be iiblelo prac-
tise ineiLsuring land ; but all his instruction at
school tauKhl him ii'tt so much as the orthogra-
phv or rules of grammar of hisowii tongue. Mis
culture was altogether his own W(irk. and he wim
in the strictest sense a self made man ; yet from
his early life he never seemed uneducateil. —
Ha.n«iiokt'h r. S., vol. 7, ch. :t7.
l7Mf>. EDUCATION dliparaged. Mmihum
l.iiifiihi, I His mollierl hail instructed him in
the riidinieiils of writing, and Mr. Mncoln, in
Npitt! of the (liNparaging remarks of liis neigh-
bors, wild regarded the iiccomplishment as en-
tirely unnccessiiiy, encouraged his son to iierse-
vere. .. . One of the very first cITorts of liiH fal-
tering pen w as writing a letter to an old friend of
his mother's, a IraveJling preacher, urging hini
to come and deliver a sermon over her grav»\
. . . Abraliam'H pen thereafter found fre()uent
enipldv meiit in writing letters for the Nam»! neigh-
bors who had before pretended In esteem lightly
the accdinplisliinent. — Uav.\ioni>'h Linc»)1,.\, ch.
1, 1.. 21.
I TOO. Education, Distinction by. Ii'flntiir.
Our estimate of |)ersoniil merit is relative to the
common fnculties of mankind. The aspiring
efforts of genius or virtue, either in active or
speculative life, are measured not so mucli by
their real elevation as by the height to whicli
they n.scend above the level of their age or coun-
try ; and the same stature whicli in a j)eople of
giants would pass unnoticed must appear con-
spicuous in 11 race of pygmies. Leonidas and
his three hundred (•omi)aiii()iis devoted their
lives at Thermoiiylie ; but the education of the
infant, the boy, and the man had prepared and
almost insured this memorabU; sacritlce ; and
each Spartan would approve rather than admirt;
an act of iluty of whichhiniself and eight tliou-
.sand of his fellow-citizens were ccpially capable.
— Giuiion'sUo.mi-:, ch. 42, p. 190.
ITOl. EDUCATION, Donations to. Iforrnrd
Colli f/i'. Some of the early donations were very
simple and curious. A clergyman, for example,
having neither money nor lands to bestow, gave
the college two cows, valued at AI9. A gentlemiin
l)resentcd nine shillings' worth of cotton doth.
Anothercontributed forty shillings a year for fen
years ; and a farmer, who lived in Hartfoixl, lie-
(pK'afhed ,t' 100 to be paid in corn and meal, the
college to defray the cost of transportation. One
of the Hiihaina Islands, for which at a time of fam-
ine collections had been made in New l^ngland,
now in its turn made a collection for the college,
"out of their poverty," as tliey said, and sent
£124. — CVCI.OPKDIA OF IJioo., p. .W^.
iroa. EDUCATION, End of. Coo/irr InMu/i:
The corner-stone of the Union was laid. Within
that .stone was i)laced a scroll which bore this
inscription : "The great object that I desire to
accomplish by the erection of this institution, is
to open the avenues of scientific knowledge to
the youth of our city and country, and so un-
fold the volume of nature, that the young may
see the beauties of creation, enjoy its blessings,
and learn to love the Author from whom cometh
every good and perfect gift." — Lestku's Life
OF Fktku Cooi'Eit, p. 34.
•^li
KDICATION.
1 7f»:i. EDUCATION, Errors in. Lull,,,:,. U\
MitiiNtli'liI he i-i'<'t'iv('(l liiMtliNi iiihlnit'tliiii, Im'Iii;;
H'lil III Mrhuiil at u Very fiirly \\\n\ . . . 'I'lic
tllH<li)llii(' wiiHHo Hcvcrt' lliul Liilhri- iKvci' fiiijrtd
it. lie Iclls (if HcviTi' lorllirrs w illi ilcclcMxIoiis
iiiiil cniijii^^ulions. " 'I'lic M liiKiliniiNici's iiiiny
(liiys," Miiys he, " were lyniiilM ami fXcrullimcrH ;
the mcIiiioIh wire IuIIn aiitl IiiIIn ! And in H|iit(>
<if fear and niUcry, flocxinv's und trcinliilnjrM,
I'Diliinjr wan ii'arncd. Tlic yiuinj; |Mn|»li? went
lallN and IuIIn '
(Uf Kind's
Tlif y«i
trratcd alliigrllicr too Ni'vcrcly, ho liiat lliry
hiIkIiI well iiavi! Ik'cm caiicd inarlyrM. '\'[\\w
vsas wuHtcd (ivrr rinmy iiHch'Ms tiling's, and llinx
many iiti tiliitt mind waH mined. " lie liimNcIf
was innoccnily laslicd (Iflcrn limes in llie coiirHi!
of u NlnKl<' morning lieeaus«' he did nut l^now
wliat luid mil been la; >{iil lilm. — IIkin'h hi;
TiiKit, ell. 2, |i. 21.
1791. EDUCATION, General. \,,r h'nf/l,n„f.
In mailers of ediiealinn New Kn).dand tuok
the lead. Her Hyslem rif free scIkioIs «'xleiided
everywhere, friini the Iliidsdn to the I'emiliseoi,
Kvery village furnished the facilities f(ir ae-
((iiiriiiK kmiwled^r,.. Sti Cdmnlele and iiniveisal
wen; the means (if ae(|uirinK inslruetidn, thai in
the limes |ireeedin>j Ihe Uevohilicin there v as
iKit t(i lie fdimd in ail N't;w Kni;land an adult.
iMirn in Ihe cduiilrv, who cduhl not read and
write. Splendid aeliievement of I'urilaiiism I —
HiDi'ATiiH II. S., eh. :{'t, p. 2H'J.
I79A. EDUCATION guarded. n„„kM. [Ordi
nnnees for the daily eonduel of 'he I'rinee of
Wales wen; drawn up liy his father, just hefdn;
his death, ) which prescrilied his mcirninj; attend-
nnce at mass, his occupation "at. his school,"
his meals, and his sports. No man is to sii at
his hoard iic* such as Karl Hivers slndl allow ;
und at this hour of meat it is ordered '•that
then; be read bc^ire hinj jiobhi stories, as Ik;-
hooveth It ])riiico to understand ; and that the
«'ommuiucutidn at all times, in Ins presence, be
i)f virtue, honor, euniun^ |knowledfre|, wisdom,
tmd deeds of worship, ainl (if nothiitfr tliat shall
move himto vie(!." . , . [The princ(! was twelve
y.arsold at tlu; timt! of his father's death, in
?48;{.]— Knioiith En(i., vol. 2, ch. 11, p. 170.
1796. EDUCATION, Helps to. Ii,>krt Biirm.
lie api)ears not only as a true British poet, hut
a.s one of tlu; most considerable Hrilish men of
the eighteenth century. I^et it not be MJijected
that he did little; Ik; did much, if we consider
where and how. If tin; work perf ;iied was
KTiiall, we must remember that he ln'o 'is very
mat(!rials to discover ; for the metal Ir .orkod in
lay hid under the desert, where no • _^^ e but his
liad guessed its existence ; and we may almost
Bay, that with his owi, hand Ik; had to construct
the tools for fashioning it. For he found himself
in dec'iM'st obscurity, without help, without
instruction, without models, or with models only
of the meanest .sort. An educated )i n stands,
ns it were, in the midst of a boundless arsenal
iind magazine, tilled with all the we.'ipons and
i-ngiucs which man's .skill hius lieenablc to devise
from the earliest time ; and he works, accord-
ingly, with a strengtli borrowed from all past
ages. How different is his state who stands on
tlie out.side of that storehouse, and feels that its
gates must be stormed, or remain forever shut
against him ? His means are the commonest and
rudest ; the mere work done is no measure of his
Htrcngth. Adwiirf behind htx Nieum cngin( tnuy
ninove niiiunlains ; liutnodwarf will hew Ihciu
down with thcpi(kax(' ; and he iuumI Im' a Titan
that hurls them abroad wiih hU iirmn.— t'Ali*
I.YI.K'm Ml ItNS, p l.'i,
1797. EDUCATION, Higher Life by. .tm-
/"//(■. Those wild haveniii tdrgolicn their (Jrcck
Header remember Ihe list of Arisldile's wise say-
ings given in that Work, liciiig asked in what
the educuteil diUVr from the uneducated, he nidd,
" As (he living dilfer from Ihe dead." — Cyi;, t>K
IJloo., p. MH
I79M. EDUCATION, Imperfeot. Wn^hii,;/!,,!,.
Washlnglon . . . before he liicame a public man
wasii bad speller. People were not no particular
the;) in such matters as thev are now, and, besides,
there really was no Netlleil Hyslem of Npelling ii
Inindred years ago. When the general wrote for
a " rheam of paper," a iMnver " hatt," a suit of
" eldalhs, " an(l a pair of ■' sallln shoes, " tliero
was no Webster unabridgeil to keep jieopleH
spelling witldn bounds.— Cvii.orKUiA ok Ukhi.,
p. ».
1799. EDUCATION Imperilled. liiifinof.himiH
II. Soon lifter Ihe acipiillal of tlu; bishops, the
venerable Ormoiid, the; most illustrious of the
cavaliers of the great civil war, sank under his
intirmities. The intelligence of hi:i death was
conveyed with sjieed to Oxford. Instantly thu
university, of which he had long been chancellor,
met to nanu; a successor. One jmrty was fortlie
elo<|uent and accomplished Halifax ; another for
IIk; grave and orthodox Nottingham. Sdine men-
tioned tlu; Karl of Abingdon, wlio resided near
tliem, and had recently been turned out of thu
lieutenancy of the county for refusing to join
with the king against the established religion.
Hut the majority, consisting of a hundred and
eighty graduates, voted for the young Duko of
OrmiiiKl, grai.d.sonof their late head, and .son of
the j; dlant Os.sory. The speed with which they
came to this resoluiion was caused by their ap-
prehension that, if there were a delay even of ii
day, the king would attempt to forc(; on them
some chief w ho woidd betray their rights. The
apprehension was rea.sonable ; for oidy two
hours after they had sejiarated came a mandattj
from Whitehall recjuiring them to choose .lef-
freys [the infamous and brutal chief-jtistice].
Hapjiily, the election of young Ormond was
already complete and irrevocable. — Macal lay's
Eno., ch. 9, p. 889.
1§00. EDUCATION, Indecision in. fi,vn\i,'l
Johnwn. We talked of tlu; education of chil-
dren ; and I asked him what he thought was
best to teach them first. Johnson : " Sir, it is
no matter what you teach them first, any more
than what leg you shall put into your breeches
first. Sir, you may stand disputing wliich is
liest to put m first, but in the mean time yotir
breach is bare. Sir, wliile you are considering
which of two things you sliould teach vourchihl
first, another boy has learnt them bolli." — Bos-
well's Johnson, p. 12.').
1§01. EDUCATION, Independent. Gibbon.
I spent fourteen months at Magdalen College ;
they proved the most idle and unprofitable of
my whole life. . . . Oxford and Cambridge for
nearly a century have been turning out crowds
of thorough-paced scholars of the orthodox pat-
tern. It IS odd that the two greatest historians
KDl'CATION.
m
vlio hiivt> lN-r>n Hcliolikm an wnll — (}il)lH)n iind
<irot<' — were not iinlviTHily hnd rm-Ti. ... As If
to prov** liy {•x|MTini<'nt wlicri) the fiiiilt lav, in
" tliu M'liool or the Hcliolur," OililNni Imil im
MMtrxT left Oxfnni for tlio Ioiik viuitlloii tluiii
IiIh tiutio for Htiidy ri'turiicil, iiiiil, not runlmt
w it li rending, III' ullfniptcil oriKinul coniposiiion.
— MimitlMONM (JllllUIN, ell. 1.
IIMHI. IDUCATION vi. LagiiUtion. /.//<"'
(;iiM. I LycurKiiM, IIki liiw>?lvrr,| rcHolvrd llic
uliole miMincHN of IcKiHiiilion into tlu; l>rinKiiiK
iipof yoiilli. And tills, iim wh liiiviMilwcrvrd, was
tiio rriiHon wiiy one of Ids oriiiiianii's forliade
tlicin to liiivo unywrlllcn iawn. — I'laTAUcHH
LYcriuirH.
INO:i. XDUCATION ▼■■ Lloentiouineu. Iliii/n
of llhaiiio II. Ladii's lii^idy iiorii, iilKlily liitd,
and nalitri liy <|iii( k witlcd, were unuliiitto writo
II iin*- In liii'lr niotlicr-tonKiKi witlioiit hoIccIhiiis
and faiiitH of Hpcllin^ mik^Ii as ii charity ^irl
Avoiild now Ih! aNhaiiKid to <'oininit. . . , '1 li<> I'X-
tlanallon may easily Ik; found. KxIraviiKaiit
ici'nIloiiHncsH, tho natural clTcct of cxIravaKitnt
austerity, was now th()inod(! ; and lieentiousness
had nnxlueed itH ordinary eftect, tliu moral and
intellectual degradation of women. To their
personal lieauty it wii.s tiu; fasliion to pay rude
and impudent homage. Hut tlu; admiration and
desire wliich they iiispire<l wens seldom ininuled
with reH[)cct, witli aftection, or witli any (dilval-
rous sentiment. Tli(>(|ualilies whicli til them to
lie companions, ivdvi.sers, euiuldential friends,
rather r(!|K!lled than iittrac^led the lilKirtines of
Whit(!hall. In that court a maid of honor who
dresse<l in sucli ii manner as to do full justice to
a 'white iMisom, who o^led Hi^nitlcantly, wlio
danced voluptuously, who excelled in jiert re])-
<irtee, who was not ashamed to romp with
lords of the bed-chamber and captains of tla;
guards, to sinj; sly verses, with sly (ixpn^ssion, or
to put on a pages dress for a frolic, was more
likely to bo followed and admired, more likely
to be honored with royal attentions, more likely
to win u ricli and noble husband than June Grey
or Lucy Hutchinson wmdd have been. . . . The
Htandard of female attainments was necessarily
low, and it was more dangerous to be above that
standard than to bo beneath it. — Macaulay's
Eno.. ch. 8, p. 306.
Ii04. EDUCATION, Miniiterial. Bmerolent.
Lady Huntingdon oiMjned a school in a dilapi-
dated castle of the twelftli century, at Trevecca,
for the education of young men for the nunistry,
who, without regard to their denominational
preference, were welcomed, and provided, at the
lountess's exi)en.se, with board, tuition, and a
Yearly suit of clothes. — Stevkns' AIktiiodibm,
vol. 1, p. 170.
1§05. EDUCATION misdirected. AcromplM-
mentn. [The childn-n of the nobility in the be-
^dnning of the eighteenth century were] taught
ilancing, fencing, and riding. It looks like a
witire when Burnet recommends that the sons of
the nobility should be instructed in geography
and history. — Knioiit's Eno., vol. 5, ch. 6,
p. 57.
1§06. EDUCATION. Necessary. Alfred the
Great. This excellent prince wisely considered
the cultivation of letters as the most effectual
means of thoroughly eradicating barbarous dis-
positions. The ravages of the Dunes had totally
extlnfculshed nny Ntr.all Mparks of learning, by
the dls|M-rNlon of the monks, and llie liurnim^
their monasteries and liliraries. To repair tliexo
misforliines, Alfred, like Charlemagne, Inviled
learned iiieii from all ipnirlerM of Kiirope to rw
side ill IiIh dominions. lie eslaliilshed hcIiooU,
and enjoined evi'ry freeholder possessed of two
ploughs lo send his liiildreii there for iiistruc-
lion. He is said to have founded, or, at least,
to have liberally endowed the illuHtriiius Hemi-
nary afterward kiinwn as the rnivirsily of Ox-
ford. TvTi.i;n'sHiKT,, Hmik (I, ch. .'I.
■ NOT. EDUCATION neglected. Irdaud. Dur
tng the vain sMiiggle wliirh two geiieriitions of
.Milesian princes midntaiiied agninst llie 'I'udorM,
religious entliuslaHin and nalioniil eiilhuslasm be-
came insepanilily blended In the minds of iho
vantpiislied race. Tlie new friid of Protestant
and papist iiitlained IIk^ old feud of Saxon and
Celt. The l')jigllsh con((iieiors, meaiiwliili',
neglected all Icgillinate means of coiiver-' " Ma
pains Wen; taken lo provide the ci)ii(|U i.'d i a-
lion with instniclors ciipalile of miikiiii:, .lei,:-
selves imderslodd. No transliilioii of tlic Hiblo
was put forth in tlie Krse liingiiiige. The gov-
ernment contented itself with setting up a vast
hierarchy of I'rolesiant iirchliiHliops, bishoi)^,
and rectors, wlio did nothing, and who, lur
doing nothing, were paid out of tlie spoils of it
Cliurch loved and revered by the great body of
the i)(oi)le. — Macai'I.av'm K.no., <1i. 1, p. 04.
IWON. . liiiiiji of (^harlrs If. Many
lords of manors had received an education dif-
fering little from that of their menial servants,
'i'lie lieir of an estates often pa.ssed Ids boyliood
and youth at the seal of his family, willi no bel-
ter tutors than grooms and gamekeepers, anil
scarce attained learning enough to sign his name
lo a mittimus. If he went to s< liool and to col-
lege, he generally returiK'd belong he was twenty
to th(> seclusion of tlic old hall, and there, unless
his nund was very hajujily constituted by nature,
soon forgot his academical pursuits in rural busi-
ness and pleasures. His chief serious employ-
ment was the care of his i)ronerty. Ho exam-
ined samples of grain, handled pigs, and on mar-
ket days made bargains over a tankard with
drovers and hop-merchants. His chief plca.sures
were commonly derived from field-sports ami
from an unretined sensuality. — iVlACALLAv's
EN(i.,ch. a, p. 208.
|§09. . S(im lIouHton. What
were the means of education olTeri'd lo this Vir-
giiia boy. We have learned that \w, never
could gel into a .schoolhouse till he was eight
years old, nor thai he ever accomplished much,
in a literary way, after he did enter. Vir-
ginia, which has never beconu^ very famous
for her common .schools, had still less to boast of
eighty years ago. The State; made little or no
provision, by law, for the education of its chil-
dren, and each neighborhood was obliged to take
care of its rising population. — Lkstku's Ilouh-
TON, p. 18.
1§10. EDUCATION opposed. Calonial Govern-
or of Vir;iinia, 1071. " The ministers," continu-
ed Sir William [Berkeley,] ". . . should pray oft-
ener and preach less. But I thank God there
are no free schools nor printing ; and I hope we
shall not have these hundred years ; for learning
has brought disobedience and heresy and sects
210
EDUCATION.
intd tli<> world, and |irititiiig ItiiH diviilircd tlifin,
niul liljols ii,i,'aiii.Hl I lie Ih'sI >i;ovi'riiiiit'iil. (Jod
ki't'p lis from bolli !" — JJancuokt's U. S., vol.
U, ell. 14.
1 Kl I . EDUCATION, Patron of. Luther 'n.
Martin Lnllii'r wasoljli^cd toliclp liimsclf sinct;
Ins |)ar('i)l.s coidd not provide a coiniJlctL- support.
Hut ^o«)d fortuiK! awaited liiiu. For, iK-causo
of his Kinf;ri'i,tr and hcartfi'lt priiyinij, lie won tin;
liivor of Ursula (Jotta, wlio invited him to a scut
at h(!r table. Slu* was of tlu^ family of Sehalbe,
and the wife, of (Jonrad (.'olta, one of the fore-
most citizens of the town. — Kkin's Li thkii, eh.
a, p. 2:5.
l§l'i. EDUCATION, Fhilanthropio. Smithso-
nian Inntitiitf. I In 1824 J an enunent English
fhemi.><land |)hilantliropist, named .lan-es SmiMi-
»i^n, . . . died at Genoa, he(|ueathin;f, on certain
conditions, a lar;;e sum of nion»y to the United
(States. In the fall of 1H:W, l)y the death of
Hmithson's ne])hew, the j)roe(!eds of the estate,
nmountiniij to $.")!.'),()()(), wen; secured by tin;
asjent of the national jjovernment and deposited
in the mint. It had been i)rovided in the will
that the bequest should bou.scd for theeatublish-
ment at Washinj^ton of an institution ^J^/- the in-
crease and diffusion of kiutwUdqe among men. —
liiDi'.\TH's U. S., eh. TM, p. 460.
ISIJI. EDUCATION, Political. Alexander.
Alexander was in the twentieth jcar of his age
when he succeeded, by the death of Philip, to the
throne of Macedonia. This prince p()s.«)es.sed
all the military abilities of his father, inherited a
soul more truly noble, and an ambition yet more
imbonnded. . , . Under the tutelage or the i)hi-
loaopher Aristf)tle, he received not only a taste
for learning and the sciences, Init those excel-
lent lessons of politics of which that great
teacher wtis quaiitied, bevond all his ('ontempo-
raries, to instruct him. — Tvti.eh's Hist., Book
2, ch. 4.
1§14. EDUCATION, Power of. lieifin of
Charles TI. In Irelau(l, at present, a peer holds
a far higher .station in society tlian u Roman
(Catholic i)riest ; yet (here are in Munater and
("onnaught few counties where a combination
of juiests would not carry an election against a
combination of jwers. \\\ the .seventeenth cen-
1 ury the pulpit was to n large portion of the popu-
lation wlhit the periodical press nov/ is. [Scarce
any of the clowns who came to the parish church
ever saw a gazette or a jiolitical pamphlet. Ill
informed as their spiritual pastor might be, he
vas 3et better informed than themselves; he
had every week an opportunity of haranguing
them ; and his harangues were never answered.
At ever)' important conjecture, invectives against
the Whigs and exhortations to obey the Lord's
anointed resounded at once from many thou-
sands of pulpits ; and the effect was formidable
indeed. Of all the causes which, after the
dissolution of the Oxford Parliament, produced
the violent reaction against the Exclu.sionists,
the most potent seems to have been the ora-
tory of the country clergy. — Macaulay'b En«.,
ch. 3, p. 311.
1§15. EDUCATION, Precocity in. Samuel
Johnson. I liate by-roadii in education. Edu-
cation is as well known, and has long been as
well known, as ever it can be. ' Endeavoriu'.'-
to make children prematurely wise is useless la-
bor. Sujjpo.se they have more knowledge at
live or six years old than other cluldren, what
WW can be matle of it ? It will l)e lost before it
is wanted, and the \vast(^ of ho nuich time and
labor of the teacher c:au never be repaid. Too
nuich is expected from [jrecocity, and too little
performed. — HoHWKi.ii's Jomnhon, p. 2(i0.
1§ 10. EDUCATION prohibited. Inland. A.n.
1703. No ProtestJiiii, !u Ireland nugiit instruct
a papist. Piq)istH could not supply their want
by academies and .schools of their own ; for a
Catholic to teach, even in a jjrivate family or as
usher to a Protestant, was a felony, puni.shable by
inq)risomnent, exile, or death. Thus papists
were excluded from all opportunity of education
at home. . . . IJy a statute of Kin^ William, to
l)(i educated in any foreign Catholic school was
an " unalterable and perpetual outlawry." The
child sent abroad for education, no matter of
how tender an age, . . . could never sue in hiw
or ecjuity, or be guardian, executor, or adminis-
trator, or receive any legacy or deed of gift ; he
forfeited all his goods and chattels, amfforfeit-
eil for his life all his lands. Whoever sent him
abroad ... or a.ssi.sted him ^vith money . . .
incurrc' the same liabilities and penalties. The
Crown divided the forfeiture with the informer.
— Bancroft's U. 8., vol. 5, ch. 4.
1§I7. EDUCATION, Public. Spartan. Among
the principal objects of the institutions of Lycur-
gus, tli(! education of the youth of the republic,
was that on which the legislator had bestowed
the most particular attention. Children, after
they had attained the age of seven, were no
".(mger the charge of their parents, but of the
State. Before that jxiriod they were taught at
home the great lessons of olwdience and frugal-
ity. Afterward, imder public masters. . . .
They were taught to despisti equally danger and
pain. To shrink imder the stroke of punish-
ment was a sufficient reason for having that pun-
ishment redoubletl. Their very sports and
amusements were such as are fitted to promote
a strength of constitution and vigor an(i agility
of body. The athletic exercises were prescrib-
ed alike for both sexes, as the bodily vigor of
the mother is ess«.'ntial to that of her offspring.
To run, ti swim, to wrestle, to hunt, were the
con.stant exercise ol' the youth. With regard to
the culture of the mind, the Spartan discipline
admitted none of those studies whicli tend to
refine or embellish the understanding. But the
duties of religion, the inviolable bond of a prom-
ise, the sacred obligation of an oath, the respect
due to parents, the reverence for old age, the
strictest obedience to the laws, and, above all,
the love of their country, the noble tlame of pa-
triotism, were early and iissiduously inculcated.
— Tytlek's Hist., Book 1, ch. 9.
1§1§. EDUCATION, Beligious. Napolean T.
Though not established in the belief that Chris-
tianity was of divine origin, he ever cherished
a profound reverence for the religion of the Bi-
ble. . . . When the schedule of study for
Madame Campan's female scliool was presented
to him, he found as one regulation, "The young
liwlies shall attend prayers twice a week. He
immediately erased with his pen the words
" twice a week," and substituted "Every day."
— Abbott's Napoleon B., vol. 1, ch. 32.
EDUCATION— KFFKML\A(n'
/vl 4
I,
1819. . Wenley's. [The homo in
which John Wt'slcy was reared wiw ii uioilel
(Jhrisliiui liouseliold, a wincluur ' of domestic
and Christian virtues.] Ten of tlio children at-
tained adult years ; all these became devoted
Christians, and everv one of them " died in the
Lord."— Stkvkns' AIkthodihm, vol. 1, p. riii.
]§20. EDUCATTON, Saorifloes for. MoUwi-'h.
" My father," thus narrates Dr. Martin Luther,
" was a poor miner. My motlier gathered wood
and carried it iiomc on her back, in order that
her children nught bo educated. Both toiled
slavishly for our sakes. In these days people
would not do so." But after a little while they
njached more comfortable circumstances. —
IIkin's Lutmku, cli. 2, p. 20.
1831. EDUCATION and the State. Alexander.
[After the concpiest of I'ersia Alexander the
(ireat accommodated himself J to the manners of
the Asiatics, and at the same time i)ersuaded
them to adopt some of tlie Macedonian fashions;
for, by a mi.xture of both, he thought a union
might be promoted much better than by force,
and Ins authority maintained when he was at a
distance. For the same reason he elected thirty
thousand boys, and gave them masters to in-
.struct them in the Grecian literature, as well as
to train them to arms in the Macedonian man-
ner. — Plutaiu'u'h Alexanuku.
1833. EDUCATION, State. Spartan. The
S])artan children were not . . . \mder tutors pur-
chased or hired with money, nor were the
j)arents at liberty to (Mlucaio them as they pleased ;
but as .soon as they were seven years old Lycur-
gus ordered them to be enrolled in companies,
where they were n\\ kept under the .same order
and discipline, and had their exend.ses and rcc-
r(;ations in common. He who showed tlie most
«»uduct and courage among them was made
captain of tlie company. The rest kept their
eyes upon him, obeyed his orders, and bore with
])atience the punishment he inflicted ; .so that
their whole education was an exercise of obedi-
ence. ... As for learning, they had Just what
was absolutely necessary. All the rest of their
education was calculated to make them .subject
to command, to endure labor, to fight and con-
quer. They added, therefore, to their discipline,
as they advanced in age : cutting their hair very
close, making them go barefoot, and play, for
the most part, quite naked. At twelve years
of age their under garment was taken away,
and but one upper one- a year allowed them.
Hence thc^y were necessarily dirty in their per-
.sons, and not indulged the great favor of baths
and oils, except on some partic\dar days of the
year. They slept in companies, on beds mad(!
of the tops of reeds, which they gathered with
their own hands, without knives, and brought
from the banks of the Eurotas. In winter they
were permitted to add a little' 'histle-down, as that
seemed to have some warmth in it. — Pll-
TAIICU'S LyCUKGCS.
1833. EDUCATION Bubatituted. Buntjan.
He had studied no great model of composition,
witli the exception — an important exception un-
doubtcdly^-of our noble translation of the Bible.
His spelling was bad. He frequently transgressed
the rules of grammar. Yet the native force
of genius, and his experimental knowledge of
all the religious passions, from despair to ecstasy,
amply supplied in him the want of learning.
His rude oratory roused and melted hearers who
listened without interest to \\w lalM)red discoui'ses
of great logicians and Hebraists.- -Macaulay'h
E.NO., ch. 7, 1). 2()».
1834. EDUCATION luipeoted. By JenuiU.
The opi)osilion of the Protestant nund of the
latter years of the .sc^venteenth century to th(!
.secular teaching of the Jesuits was luitural and
inevitalile. No consideration of their ability as
teachers coidd disarm the suspicion that they
sought to mak(! converts, iui(ler the guise of
alTording instruction. — K.niout's Eno., vol. 4,
ch. ar), p. 410.
1835. EDUCATION, Tax for. Ifarrard Vni-
r.erxiiy. Once at least ev< ry family in each of
tlu! colonies gave to the college at Cand)ridge
twelve i)ence, or a peck of corn, or its value in
unadulterated wompompeage, while the magis-
trates and wealthier men were ])rofuse in their
liberality. — BAiNcm)F'r'8 U. S., vol. 1, ch. 10.
1836. EDUCATION, Trials in. SdmuelJohn-
mn. His debts in college, though not great,
were increasing ; and his scanty remitt^inces
from Lichfield, which had all along been made,
with great ditlicully, coidd be supplied no long-
er, his father having fallen into a stnte of insol-
venc}'. (.'ompelled, therefore, by irrijsistible nv-
ces.sity, he left the college in autumn, 17!J1, with-
out a degree, having been a member of it little
more than tliree years. — Boswkll's Johnson,
p. 15.
183r. EDUCATION, Varied. Miliian/. [The
training of the Roman soldiers] comprehended
whatever could mid strength to the body, activity
to the limbs, or grace to the motions. The sol-
diers were diligently instructed to march, to run,
to leap, to swim, to carry heavy burdens, to
handle every species of arms th.at was used either
for offence or for defijnce, either in distant en-
gagement or in a closer onset ; to form a variety
of evolutions ; and to move to the sound of flutes
in the Pyrrhic or martial dance. — Gibbon's
llcME, ch. 1, p. 13.
1838. EDUCATION, Wealth for. Cooiyer Insii-
tnte. Believing, as few, very few, rich men do,
that his wealth was a sacred trust to be used for the
benefit of his fellow-creatures, Mr. Cooper gave
not merely of his money, but his life thenceforth,
and anxious thought to the building up anil
maintenance of the Cooper Union for the ad-
vancement of science iuid art. . . . The advance-
ment of science and art is well enough ; but
to t(!ach, without one cent of charge, forty thou-
sand men and women to earn a good living at
skilled trades ; to cultivate, without money and
without price, the hands and brains of scores of
thou.sands so that they may advance themselves
in the world, and to exalt, mentally, morally, and
l)hysically, the])oorand friendless, are far nobler
objects. [Quoted from the New York Jlerald.] —
Lesteu's Like ok Peteii Cot)i'KU, p. 40.
1839. EFFEMINACY, Royal. Boman Em-
peror Elagabalus. As the attention of the new
liuaperor was diverted by the most trifling amuse-
ments, he wasted many months in his luxurious
progress from Syria to Itjdy, passed at Nicomc-
dia his first winter after his victory, and deferred
till the «nsuing summer his triumphal entry into
the capital. A faithful picture, however, which
218
KFFOIIT— ELECTION.
preceded liia arrival, and was i)la('<'d by liis iin-
inediutc order over tlie altar of Victory in tiic
senate house, conveyed to the Koniuns the just
but unworthy resemblance of his person and
manners. He was drawn in his sacerdotal robes
of silk and gold, after the loose, flowing fashion
of the Medes and Phcenicians ; liis head was cov-
ered with a lofty tiara, his num(!rous collars and
l)racelets were adorned with gems of an inesti-
mable value. His eyebrows were tinged witli
black, and his cheeks painted with an artiflcial red
and v/hite. The grave senators confessed with a
High that, after liaving long experienced the
stern tyranny of their own countrymen, Rome
was at length humbled beneath the effeminate
luxury of (Oriental despotism. — Oibuon's Ko.mk,
ch. 6, p. 170.
1§30. EFFORT, Misdirected. GullinnM. [The
Emperor Gallienus was ('elcbrated for his dc-
bauchery.|) In every art that he attempted his
lively gennis enabled him to succeed ; and as his
genius was destitute of iudgment, he attempted
every art, except the important ones of war and
government. He was a master of several curi-
ous but useless sciences, a ready orator, an ele-
gant poet, a skilful gardener, an excellent cook,
and most contemptible prince. — Gibuon's
Home, ch. 10, p. 320.
1§31. EFFOET, Useless. Frederick the Great.
Dazzled l)y hope . . . Frederick went fortli
[again.st the Austrian commander], and attempt-
ed to storm his intrenchmcnts on the heights of
Colin. His brave battalions were repelled with
disastrous loss. Left almost unattended, as he
gazed at the spectacle, ' ' Will you carry the bat-
tery alone ?" demanded one of his lieutenants ;
on which the hero rode calmly toward the left
wing, and ordered a retreat. — Bancuoft's U. S. ,
voi. 4, ch. 13.
l§3a. EGOTISM of Caste. Byron. On leav-
ing college, he again resuled with his mother,
whose furious temper age had not subdued. In
lier paroxysms of anger, she would throw at him
the poker and tongs, and not unfrequently he
had to fly from the house before her. At the age
of nineteen his first volume of verses appeared,
entitled, " Hours of Idleness. A Series of Poems,
original and translated. By George Gordon —
Lord Byron — a minor. New York, 1807." — Cy-
clopedia OK BioG., p. 298.
1§33. EGOTISM, Characteristic. President John
Adams. [He wrote his wife of his inaugural
address.] I had not slept well the night be-
fore, and did not sleep well the night after. I
was unwell, and did not know whether I should
get through or not. I did, however. How the
business was received, I know not, only I have
)een told that Mason, the treaty-publisher, said
we should lose nothing by the change, for he
never heard such a speech in public in his life.
All agree that, taken altogether, it was the sub-
limcst thing ever exhibited in America. — Cyclo-
pedia OF BioG., p. 194.
]§34. EGOTISM, Contrast in. Cu'sar— Cicero.
Like all real great men, he rarely speaks of him-
self. He tells us little or uothing of his own feel-
ings or his own purposes. Cicero never forgets
his individuality. In every line that he wrote
Cicero was attitudinizing for posterity, or reflect-
ing on the effect of his conduct upon his interests
or his reputation. CiF.sar is lost in his work ;
his personality is scarcely more visible than
Shakespeare's. — Fuoude's Ca:sak, ch. 14.
1§3S. EGOTISM of Genius. OUmr Ooldmiith.
When accompanying two bea\itifid young ladies
with their mother on a tour in France, he was
.seriously angry that more attention was paid to
them than to him ; and once at the exhibition
of the Fantoccini in London, when tliose who .sat
next him observed with what dexterity a puppet
was made to toss a pike, he could not bear that
it should have such prai.se, and exclaimed, with
some warmth, " Pshaw ! I can do it better my-
.self." Note. — He went home with Mr. Burke
to supper, and broke his shin by attempting to
exhibit to the (;ompany how much better he could
jumnover a stick than the pui)pets. — Boswell's
.'OIINKON, p. 114.
1836. EGOTISM, Eoyal. Janm IT. [.James
had personal merits,] but his personal merits
were as fuel to nourish the flre of his inten.se ego-
tism. Every action of his life had reference to
his personality. James, the king, was the one
power in the State which was to counterbalance
every other power. — Knight's Eno., vol. 4, ch.
2'), p. 402.
l§3r. ELECTION, A close. John Adams. Pres-
ident Washington had announced his inten-
tion to retire. The withdrawal of that august
and commanding name thi' *v tl, , -"at prize
open to competition, and al' ;hc ; .... passions
of party were enlisted in the strife. The Federal
candidates were Adams and Pinckney ; the Re-
publican, Jefferson and Burr. After a very ani-
mated contest, John Adams was elected to the
Presidency by a majority of one electoral vote ;
and Jefferson, having received next to the high-
est number, was elected vice-president. Neither
party, therefore, had won a complete triumph ;
for, though the Federalists elected their presi-
dent, the liepublicans were partially consoled by
placing their favorite in the second oflBce.— Cy-
clopedia OF Biog., p. 191.
1§38. ELECTION, Coercion in. fkimiiel John-
son. He observed that ' ' the statutes against
bribery were intended to prevent upstarts with
money from getting into Parliament ;" adding,
that "if he were a gentleman of landed property,
he would turn out all his tenants who did not '
for the candidate whom he supported." 1 -
TON: "Would not that, sir, be checking > ;
freedom of election ?" Johnson : " Sir, t; e : .\'
does not mean that the privilege of voting siioui. !
be independent of old family interest ; of the
permanent property of the country." — Bo.v
well's Johnson, p. 244.
1830. ELECTION expenses. Trcativn. Eve-
lyn laments that so many from the country came
in to vote for his brother as knight for the shire
of Surrey, "that I believe they ate and drank
him out near to £2000, by a most abominable
custom." — Knioht'sEng., vol. 4, ch. 21, p. 341.
1840. ELECTION frustrated. John Howard.
In 1774 the liberal party in Bedfordshire nomi-
nated him for Parliament, and, after a mo«t se-
vere contest, he was elected by a small majority.
The "issue" in this election was, whether the
king and Lord North should be sustained in their
American policy ; and tlie election of Howard
was, therefore, a defeat for the administration.
ELECTION.
Ill)
he
eir
lid
)n.
The miniHfry, however, surcceded in finding a
pretext for nnniilling the election. Some of
llowiird's votes were declnred illegal — enough
to give the seat to a tory. The loss of a seat in
I'arliamcnt wa.s not much regrett d by him for
liis own sake, but he felt aciitely the wrong done
to the great and patriotic party which had elected
him. " I was a vicf'.a of the ministry," he
wrote, after learning , .o result of the struggle.
" Mo.st surely I should not have fallen in with
all their severe measiu'es relative to the Ameri-
cans, and my constant declaration that not one
emolument of live shillings, were I in Parliament,
would I ever accept of, marked mc; out as an
object of their aversion." — Cyclopedia ok
BioG., p. 47.
1841. ELECTION of Grace. Cromwell. [On
his death-bed. I " It is terrible, jea, it is very ter-
rible," he muttered three times m succe.s.sion," to
fall into the hands of the living God !" " Do you
think," .said he ta his chaplain, " that a man who
has once been in a state of grace can ever perish
eternally '!" "No," replied the chaplain, " there
is no po.ssibility of .such a relapse." " Then I am
safe," replied Cromwell ; " for at one time I am
confident that I was chosen." All his inquiries
tended toward futurity ; none bore reference t(>
the present life. " I am the most insignificant
of mortals," continued he after a momentary
lapse ; " but I have loved God, praised be liis
name, or, rather, I am l)eloved by Ilim !" — Lam-
aiitine's Cromwkm<, p. 78.
1843. ELECTION resented. ReignofJnmesII.
[The fellows of Magdalen College refu.sed to
elect as president the infamous Anthony Farmer,
"whom the king urged.] Early in June the fel-
lows were cited to appear before the High Com-
mission at Whitehall. Five of them, deputed
by the rest, obeyed the summons. Jeffreys treat-
ed them after his usual fashion. When one of
them, a grave doctor named Fairfax, hinted some
doubts as to the validity of the commission, the
chancellor began to roar like a wild beast. "Who
is this man ? What commission lias he to be
impudent here ? Seize him. Put him into a
dark room. What does he do witliout a keeper ?
He is under my care as a lunatic. I wonder that
nobody has applied to me for the custo<ly of
him." But when this .storm had spent its force,
and the depositions concerning the moral char-
acter of the king's nominee had been read, none
of the commisioners had the front to pronounce
that such a man could properly be made the hesid
of a great college. [See more at No. 3891.] —
— Macaulay'sEhg., ch. 8, p. 269.
1843. ZXJECTION, A scandalous. Jamen IT.
[He songbt to complete the religious revolution
of England by securing a Roman Catholic suc-
oetBlon to the throne.] By corruption, by in-
timidation, by violent exertions of prerogative,
hy fraudulent distortions of law, [he sought] an
assembly which might call itself a Parliament,
and might be willing to register any edict of the
sovereign. Returning officers must l)e appointed
who would avail themselves of the slightest pre-
tence to declare the king's friends duly elected.
Every placeman, from the highest to the lowest,
must be made to understand that, if he wished
to retain his office, he must, at this conjuncture,
support the throne by his vote and interest. The
High Commission, meanwhile, would keep its
eye on the clergy. The l)oroughs which had
just been remodelled to serve one turn might be
remodelled again to serve another. By such
means the king hoped to obtain a niajoritv in thi;
House of Commons. [See No. ISoO.J — Macau-
lay's Eno., eh. 8, p. 292.
1844. ELECTION, A "tie." Jeffermu—nm-r.
The Democratic party triumphed in 1801, and
that triumph placed Tlumias Jefferson in the
Presidential chair. But there was a "tie" be-
tween Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr, each
of them having received seventy-three ekxtoral
votes. Not that any .single voter had expected
or desired the elevation of Aaron Burr to tin; first
ottice. The difficulty arose from the law, which
provided that the person receiving the greatest
number of electoral votes should be President,
and that the person who received the number
next to the highest should be the Vice-President.
Jeiferson and Burr were the Republican caiMli-
dates for President and Vice-President, and as
each chanced to receive the same number of
electoral votes, neither of them was elected to
either office, and the choice devolved upon the
House of Representatives. — Cycloi'EDIa ok
BiOG., p. 3r)0.
1845. ELECTION, A timely. lit v. Robert
Newton. That Calvinism was not very dark or
.sulphurous seems to be shown from his repeat-
ing with gusto the saying of one of the old wom-
en of Olney when some preacher dwelt on the
doctrine ol predestination — " Ah, I have long
.settled that point ; for if God had not chosen nw
before I was born, I am sure He would have .seen
nothing to have chosen me for afterward !" —
S-MiTii'a CowPEH, ch. 3.
1846. ELECTION, IJnanimoiu. Wunhitigton.
The first Wednesday of January, 1789, was
named as the time for the election of a chief
magistrate. The people had but one voice as to
the man that should be honored with that trust.
Early in April the ballots of the electoi-s were
counted in the presence of Congress, and George
Washington was unanimously chosen President
and John Adams Vice-President of the United
States.— Ridfath's U. S., ch. 45, p. 362. Not
only was every electoral vote cast for General
Washington, but, so far as is known, he was the
choice of every individual voter in every State
of the Union. — James Pauton, Cyclopedia
OK BlO(!., p. 16.
1847. ELECTION, Unique. Spartan. The
manner of *1 lection was this : When the jieo-
ple were as; ...ibled, some persons appointed for
the purpose were shut uj) in a room near the
place, where they 'jould neither see nor be seen,
and only hear the shouts of the constituents ; for
by them they decided this and most other affairs.
Each candidate walked .silently through the as-
sembly, one after another, according to h)t.
Those that were shut up had writing-tables, in
which they set down in different columns the
number and loudness of the shouts, without
knowing who they were for ; only they marked
them as first, second, third, and so on, according
to the number of the competitors. He that hacl
the most and loudest acclamations was declareil
duly elected.— Plutarch's Lycurous.
1848. . Captain John Smith. [Three
of the five Virginia councilmen attempted to dc-
aso
ELECTION— ELOQUENCE.
sort tlie colony, and were oiu^lit luul impcnched
and removed.! Only Martin and Smith now re-
mained ; the former elected the latter president
<)f Virfjinia ! It was a forlorn jHece of huninesn,
hut very necessary for the public good. — Uiu-
I'ATIi'h U. S., ch. », p. 97.
18-19. ELECTION, Vociferous. Junpcror Pow-
pt'i/. The mob was packed so thick that the
hoiisc-tops were covered. A jell rose from tens
of thouKjinds of throats, so piercing that it was
said a crow flying over the Forum dropped dead
at the sound of it. The old patrician Catulus
tried to speak, but the peoi)le would not hear
liim. The vote passed by acclamation, and Pom-
pey was for three years sovereign of the Homun
world. — Fjuwuk's CVesah, ch. 10.
IMftO. ELECTIONS, Farcical. J{<if/ii ofJamcH
II. [He failed to secure a packed Parliament,
by which lie lioiwd to destroy the establishetl
church.] There was. . . only one way in which
they could liojie to effect tluMr object. Tl char-
ters of the borough-s must be resumed, ami other
charters must be granted conrtning tlie elective
franchise to very small constituent bodies ap-
pointed by the .sovereign. Tlie judges tliem-
.selves were uneasy. They represented that what
they were required to do was in direct opposition
to the plainest principles of law and justice ; but
nil remonstrance was vain. The boroughs were
commanded to surrender their charters. Few
complied ; and the course which the king took
with tho.se few did not encourage others to trust
him. In several towns the right of voting was
taken away from the commonalty, and given to
u very small number of persons, who were re-
quired to bind themselves by oath to support th(;
candidates recommended by the government. At
Tewkesbury, for example, the franchise was
confined to thirteen persons. Yet even this num-
ber was too large. Hatred and fear had spread
BO widely through the community that it was
scarcely possible to bring together, in any town,
by any process of pacKing, thirteen men on
whom the court could absolutely depend. It was
rumored that the majority of the new con.stitu-
ent body of Tewkesbury was animated by the
same sentiment which was general throughout
the nation, and would, when the decisive day
should arrive, send true Protestants to Parlia-
ment. The regulators, in great wrath, threat-
ened to reduce the number of electors to three.
— Macaui.ay's Eno., ch. 8, p. 311.
1 §5 1 . ELECTIONS, Free. Willui iii of Ora nc/e.
[He ordered elections I'ormembersof Parliament.]
The prince gave strict orders that no person in
the public service should, on thisocca.sion, prac-
tise those arts which had brought .so much obio-
(juy on the late government. He especially di-
rected that no soldiers should be suffered to ap-
pear in any town where an election was going
on. — Macaulay's Eno., ch. 10, p. 559.
aS52. ELECTIONS, Venal. Parliament, a.d.
1768. [Reign of George III.] Boroughs were
.sold openly, and votes purchased at advanced
prices. The market value of a seat in Parlia-
ment was £4000 ; at which rate the whole venal
House would have been bought for not much
over £3,000,000, sterling, and a majority for not
much over £1,000,000. Yet in some places a
contest cost the candidates £20,000 or £30,000
apiece, and it wti^s affirmed that in Cumber-
land one iKTson lavished £100,000. [It was tlie
last Parliament] which ever legislated for Amer-
ica.— Banckoft'h U. S., vol. 0, ch. 33.
I §53. ELECTRICITY, Light of. CulumhuK.
[On his second voyage,] toward the latter part
of (October, they had in the night a gust of heavy
rain, accompanied by the severe thundctr and
lightning of the troiiiis. It lasted for four hours,
and they considcrr^d themselves in much peril,
until they lu'lield .several of tho.se lambent flames
playing iibout the tops of the masts, and gliding
along the rigging, m hicli have always been ob-
jects of superstitious fancies among sailors. Fer-
nando Columbus niak.s remarks on them strong-
ly charactciistic of the age in which he live(l.
" On the .same Saturday, in the night, was seen
St. Elmo, with seven lighted tajteis at the top-
mast : there was much rain and great thunder ;
I mean to say, that those lights were seen, which
mariners artirm to be the body of St. Elmo, on
beholding which they chant litanies and orisons,
holding It for certain that in the tempest in
which he ajjpears no one is in danger." — luv-
ixg'h CoLU.MBirs, Book 0, ch. 1.
1S34. ELOQUENCE of Action. t-(tmvclJohn-
so)i. At Mr. Thrale's in tlie evening, he repeat-
ed his usual paradoxical declamation against ac-
tion in public speaking. " Action can have no
effect upon reasonable minds. It may augment
noi.sc, but it never can enforce argument. If you
speak to a dog, you use action ; you hold up
your hand thus, because he is a brute ; and in
proportion as men are removed from brutes, ac-
tion will have the less influence upon them."
Mks. Thrale : ""What then, sir, becomes of
Demosthenes' saying, ' Action, action, action ' ?"
Johnson : " Demosthenes, madam, spoke to an
a.ssembly of brutes; to a barbarous people." —
Boswell's Johnson, p. 204.
1§$5. ELOQUENCE of Facts. Ap]niis Glavdius.
[He was a tyrannical consul, and sought to suj'-
jiress the plebeians. ] In the midst of the public as-
sembly, a venerable figure, hoary with age, pale
and emaciated, his countenance furrowed with
angui.sh, and his whole appearance expressive of
misery and calamity, stood up before the tribu-
nal of the consuls, and prayed aloud for mercy
again.st the oppression of an inhuman creditor.
Disfigured as he was, hiscountenance was known,
and many remembered to have seen him in the
wars, where he fought witli great courage, and
had received many honorable wounds in the ser-
vice of his country. He told his story with af-
fecting .simplicity. The enemy, in an incursion,
had ravaged his little farm, and set fire to his
cottage. Bereft of subsistence, he had borrowed,
to support life, a small sum from one of the rich
citizens ; the interest had accumulated, and be-
ing quite untible to discharge the debt, he had
delivered him.self, with two of his children, into
bondage. In this situation he affirmed that his
merciless creditor had treated him as the worst
of malefactors ; and throwing aside his garment,
he showed his back all covered with blood from
the recent strokes of the whip. This miserable
sight roused the populace to the highest pitch of
fury. They rushed upon the consul's tribunal ;
and Appius would have been torn to pieces had
not the lictors cleared for him a passage and car-
ried him oil to a place of safety. — Tytlek's
Hist., Book 3, ch. 3.
KLOQl KNCK— EMIOllATIOJ^.
:i2l
1§56. ELOQUENCE, Fear of. DemoHthnwH. It
was in n sirniliirstniin of irlowinjr clociiicncc t'liit
DcmosthoiicH nmscd tli(^ torpid Hpirils of liis coiiii-
trynicn to a viijorous urt'orl to pn^scrvc liicir iii-
depcndoiKH! nifaiiist IhcdcHi^^iis of this art liii and
ami)itioiiH priiico ; and I'liilip liad jus* reason to
say tliat Ik; was niorc afraid of tititt naiu tiian of
all llu; fleets and armies of tlio Atiienians. It was
lii^liiy, tiierefore, to tiio honor of tlu^ Atiienians
that tluiy listened to the counsels of this excel-
lent orator, and, however unetpial to the contest,
detiirniined that they would dearly sell Iheir free-
dom. — TvTi.Kii'rt llisT. , Book 2, eh. ;i.
1§57. ELOQUENCE, NeoesBary. Roindim. It
must not ap])ear extraordinary that this mode of
education should have been common to all the
youn;; l)atri(niuis, whether their inclination led
them to the camp or to the bar ; for as every cit-
izen of Home was a branch of its legislative sys-
tem, the profession of arms became no apolot^y
for the want of that ability of maintaining the
rights of the State in the a.s.scmblieH of the jieo-
l)ie, which was cipially nece.s.sary with the ca-
])a(;ity of defending them in the lield. If a i)ub-
iii; officer was accused, it was reckoned shame-
ful if he could not himself give an account of his
conduct, and plead his own cause. A senator
Avho could not support his opinion by the inge-
nuity of arguHKint or force of elocpience was an
object of c()ntemi)t to the people. — Tvti.ku's
Hist., Book 4, cli. ;5.
1S5S. ELOPEMENT, Royal, neaiiin. During
a visit which he i)aid at Tours to P\)ul{iues li;
Hechin, Count of An.joM, the king conceived a
violent ])as.sion for Bertradt; de Montfort, the
Count's wife, reputed the most beautiful wom-
an in the kingdom. The countess, who had
married her husband not from affection, but
tor the sake of his rank and power, was ea.sily
persuaded to elope from liim and to join [King]
Philip at Orleans. — Students' Fu-vxct;, ch. 7,
§14.
1§59. EMANCIPATION advocated. Mamai-hn-
ne.tts. Massachusetts, where the tirst planters as-
sumed to themselves "a ri^ht to treat the Ind-
ians on the foot of Canaanites or Amalekites,"
always opposed the introduction of slaves from
abroad ; and in 1701 the town of Boston in-
.structed it.s representatives " to put a period to
negroes being slaves." — BAXCiiOKT's U. S., vol.
3, ch. 24.
1860. EMBARRASSMENT in PubUc. BUhop
Roberts [was reared on the Western frontier, and
in early life was greatly embarrassed when in
public, owing to a constitutional diffidence].
For a long time after his appointment as class-
leader among his rustic neighbors, he could not
assume courage enough to address them indi-
vidually, and it became necessary to supersede
him by another leader until he conquered his
timidity. In his tirst attempt at public exhorta-
tion he suddenly sat down, appalled at the intent
look of a good man, whose favorable interest he
took for disapprobation. At another time, when
he was expected to exhort, he was .so alarm(^d as
to retire in agony and conceal himself in a barn.
In the third attempt he proceeded some time
with good effect, but fearing he had made a
blunder, stopped short in confusion. — Stevens'
M. E. CiiUKCH, vol. 4, p. 89.
1861. EMBLEM, Signifloant. Wolf. [Among
theearly Turks| the emperor's throne; wasturned
toward the east, and a golden wolf on the top
of a spear seemed to guard the entrance of his
tent.— (jriiuioNs Ko.MK, ch. 42, p. 202.
1862. EMERQENCY, Deliverance in. ]lV;//'r;/f.
Prince of Ontii'ic [Invasion of England.] Tor-
bay was the place where the i)rince intended to
land. But the morning of Monday, the Tjih of
November, was ha/.y. The pilot of the Brill
could not discern the sea-marks, and carried the
fleet too far to the west. The danger was great.
To return in tlar face of the wind was im|)ossi-
ble. Plymouth was the next j)ort ; but at Plym-
outh a garrison had been postc^l under IIk^
command of Lord Bath. The landing nught Ix;
opi)o.s(;d ; and a check might produce serious
(M)n.se(|uences. There could be little do»d)t, more-
over, that by this time the royal fleet had got
out of the Thames, and was hastening full .sail
down fh(! Chaimel. Kus.sell saw the whole ex-
tentof the peril, and exclaimed to Burnet, " You
may go to jjrayers, doctor ; all is over !" At that
moment the \vind changed ; a .soft breeze sprang
up frotn the south ; the mist dispersed ; the sun
shone forth ; and under the mild light of an
autumnal noon, the fleet turned back, piussed
romid the lofty cape of Berry Head, and rode
safe in the harbor of Torbay. [See more at
No. 4.>')0.] — Macaui.ay's EN(i., ch. 0. p. 44").
1863. EMIGRANTS, City of. Ncir> York. Ncav
York was always a city of the world. Its set-
tlers were n^lics of the first-fruits of the Hcfor-
mation, chosen from the Belgic provinces and
England, from France and Bohemia, .".nd the
Italian Alps. — Banciioft'b U. S., vol. 2, ch. IT).
1864. EMIGRANTS, Dangerous. Criminaln.
Thieves or homicides, the spendthrift or tins
fraudulent bankrupt, the debtors to justice or
its victims, prisoners rightfully or wrongfully
detained, excepting only those arrested for trea-
.son or counterfeiting money — these were to be
the people by whom the colony (of N(!W France)
was, in part, to be established. . . During the
winter one was hanged for theft ; several were
put in irons, and " divers persons, "as well men as
women, were whipped. — BANCitOKT's llisr. ok
U. S., vol. 1, ch. 1.
1865. EMIGRATION, Benefits of. Grrrkn. At
all events, it is universally allowed that, from
the period of those strangers settling among
them, the Greeks assumed a new character, ancl
exhibited in some respects the manners of a civ-
ilized nation. The dawnings of a national re-
ligion began to appear ; for the Titans were a
religious jieople. They taught the savages to
worship the Pluenician gods, Ouranos, Saturn,
Jupiter, etc., who were nothing more than dei-
fled heroes ; and l)y a progress of ideas not un-
natural, this rude people confoimded in after
times those gods with the Titans who introduced
them. — Tvti.ek's Hist., Book 1, ch. 0.
1866. EMIGRATION, Military. Goths. The
march of Theodoric mu.st be considered as the
emigration of an entire people ; the wives and
children of the Goths, their aged parents, and
most precious effects were carefully transported;
and some idea may be formed of the heavy
baggage that now followed the camp, bj' the loss
of two thousand wagons, which had been sus-
: U
T
EMINKNCK-KMI'LOYMENT.
taiiicd in ii Hinj^lo iiclion in the war of Epims.
For fhrir subsistence the (Joths depended on
the niiigiizines of corn, wiiicii was jrround in
l)()rtiil)le mills by the hands of tlieir woincMi ; on
tlic milk and tiesh of their tlocks and herds ; on
the casual produce of the chase, and upon the
conlrihutions which they nii<;;ht imjwse on all
who should presume to dispute tli(! passage, or
to refuse their friendly assistance. — Gibbon's
KoMK, ch. 3J), p. ».
I SOT. EMINENCE, Cowardly. Roman h'm-
ptror Iloiu/riiie. The Knii)eror Ilonorius was
disiinj.Miis)>ed, above his subjects, by the pre-
eminence of fear, as well as of rank. The i)ride
and luxury in which he was educated had not
allowed hmi to suspet't that there existed on the
earth any power presunii)tuous enough to invade
the repose of llie successor of Augustus. The
arts of Mattery concealed the imjiending danger,
till Alaric aiiproached the i)alace of Milan.
[Ilonorius fled from Alaric, the king of the Vis-
igoths.] — GiitnoNs KoMK, ch. lU), p. 201.
l«6S. EMINENCE by Worth. Iknni Wihim.
On the 2'Jd of November, IK?."), Vice-President
AVilson, whose health had been gradually fail-
ing since liis inauguration, sank under a stroke
of paralysis, and died at Wa.shington City. Like
Hoger yiierman, he liad risen from tlie shoe-
maker's bench to the highest honors of his coun-
try. Without the learning of Seward and Sum-
ner — without the diplomatic skill of the one
or the oratorial fame of the other, he never-
theless po.ssessed tho.se great abilities and .sterling
merits wliicii transmitted his name in af t<'r times
on the roll of patriot statesmen. — Hiupath's
U. S., ch. 68, p. 503.
1§69. EMOTION, Overpowered by. Emjyretttt
Josephine. [The imperial family and most illus-
trious otflccrs of the empire were a.ssembled at
the Tuileries to receive from Napoleon and Jo-
sephine tlie official announcement, from each, of
their intended divorce.] Jcsepliine, holding a pa-
per in her hand, began to read. But her heni't
was broken with grief. Uncontrollable sobs
choked her voice. She handed the paper to M.
lieynaud, and burying her face in her hands, sank
into a chair. [In the paper she declared her sac-
rifl(.'e of personal happiness in the interest of the
French people, who Imd no hope of an heir to
the throne from the present union.] — Abbott's
Napolkon B., vol. 2, ch. 10.
1S70. EMOTIONS, Hidden. American Indian.
lie has little flexibility of features or transparency
of skin, and therefore if he depicts his passions,
it is by .strong contortions, or the kindling of the
eye, that j^cenis ready to burst from its socket.
He cannot blush ; the movement of the blood
does not visibly represent the movement of
his aifections ... he cannot paint to the eye
the emotions of moral sublimity. — Banckoft'h
Hist. U. S., vol. 3, ch. 22.
I §71. EMOTIONS from Success. Xeirton.
Newton could, therefore, at once ])ut his conject-
ure to the test of arithmetic. He could a.scer-
tain two things with the {jreate.st exactness: 1,
h(nv nuich force was reipured to keep the moon
in its orbit ; and, 2, with how much force the
earth did attract the moon, supposing tliat the
law of attraction, as establi.shed by Galileo, held
good. If these two calculations agreed, his con-
jecture was a di-scovery. Ho tried them. They
did not agree, llusy with other investigations,
he laid aside this uKjuiry for nineteen years,
lie then learned that he, in common witiiall the
Engli.sh astronomers, was in error as to the dis-
tance of the moon from the earth. This error
Ix'ing corrected, \w repeated his calculations.
When he Imd brought them so near to a cont^lu-
sion that he was all l)ut sure of the truth of Ids
theory, he became so agitated that he was un-
able to go on, and he was obliged to ask a friend
to complete tliem. When they were broiight to
a close, he saw that his youthful thought was in-
deed a sublime, demon.st rated truth. Thus it was
that the great law of the attraction of gravitation
wasdi.sc(ivered — the most brilliant and valuable
discovery ever achieved by a hunuiu mind. —
Cyci.oi'kdia ok Bioo., p. 8.")2.
1872. EMPLOYMENT, Agreeable. Audubon.
One of the happiest men, and one of the mo.st
interesting characters we have had in America,
was John James Audubon, the celebrated painter
and biographer of American bird.s. He was one
of the few men whose pursuits were in perfect
accordance with his tastes and his talents. . . .
Up with the dawn, and rambling about all day,
he was the happiest of men if he returned to his
camp at evening carrying in his game-bag a new
.specimen with which to enrich his collection.
He had no thought whatever of publishing his
pictures. " It was no desire of glory," he assures
us, "which led me into this exile; I wished
only to enjoy nature." — Cycloi'kdia ok Bioo.,
p. 163.
IS73. EMPLOYMENT, Humble. Washington.
He iKJCame convinced of the defective nature of
the working animals employed in the agriculture
of the Southern States, and set about remedying
the evil by the introduction of mules, . . . the
mule being longer-lived, less lialile to disease, re-
quires less food, , . . more serviceable. ... He
received a present from the King of Spain of a
jack and two jennies. . . . The jack, called the
Royal Gift, was sixteen hands high. . . . Lafay-
ette sent out a jack and jennies from the island
of Malta. [ Wa.shington bred very superior mules
from his coacli mares.] — CirsTis' Washington,
vol. 1, ch. 22.
1§74. EMPLOYMENT, Opportune. Stephen
A. Douglas. In the autumn of the year 1833, at
the t«wn of Winchester, in Illinois, there was to
be a great auction .sale of property, which drew
to the place a large concourse of people from the
neighboring country. When the sale was about
to begin, the auctioneer was still unprovided
with a clerk to enter the goods as they were sold,
and he looked about for a person to perform that
indispensable labor. At that moment he noticed
on the outskirts of the crowd a pale, short, sickly-
looking young man, with his coat upon his arm,
apparently about nineteen, a stranger in the vi-
cinity, who looked as though he might be able
to write and keep accounts well enough for the
purpose. He hailed him and offered him the
place of clerk, at two dollars a day. It so hap-
pened that this young man was in very pressing
need of employment, for he had recently arriveil
in the State, and having walked into Winchester
that morning with all his worldly effects upon
liis person, including a few cents in his pocket
— and but a few — he was anxious how he should
EMPLOYMENT— P:ND.
223
got tliroiiirh tlic week. Uv Imd not a friend
within a tlioiisimd miles of tiie spot, and his en-
tire property would not have brou^fht under the
liammcr $5. He aeecpted the clerkship, and
mounted to liis place near the auctioneer. — (v-
CLOPEniA OF" Hioo., p. 100.
1S73. EMPLOYMENT refaaed. Olinr fiold-
Hmitk. lie applii'd at one place, we im told, for
employment \n \\w, shoj) of a country apothecary ;
but all his medical .science gathered in forei^rii
universities could not gain him ihc management
of a postal and mortar. He even resorted, it is
said, to the stage as a temporary expedient, and
ligured in low comedy at a country town in
Kent.— IiiviNo'rt OoiiDSMiTif, ch. 6, p. 53.
ISre. EMPLOYMENT, Seeking. John Fitch.
[The great inventor. His wife was a vixen and
unendurable.] Henceforth he was a wanderer.
Trudging along the road, he offered himself as
a farm-laborer ; but was refused on account of
his slender and weakly frame. He tried to en-
list as a soldier, but covdd not for the .sam(! rea-
.son. He roamed the country, cleaning clocks
from bouse to house. At length, after many
wanderings, he reached Trenton, where he lived
awhile on three pence a day, making bra.ss but-
tons, and selling them about the country. Hav-
ing obtained a few shillings of Ins own, he in-
vested them In the purchase of an old l)rass ket-
tle, which he made up into buttons and sold to
great advantage. — Cyclopedia ok Bioa., p. 149.
l§ry. EMPLOYMENT, Unworthy. Roman
Emperor Ilonoriun. Honorius was without pas-
sions, and con.sequently without talents ; and
Ins feeble and languid disposition was alike in-
capable of di.schurging the duties of his rank,
or of enjoying the pleasures of his age. In his
early youth he made some progress in the exor-
cises of riding and drawing the bow ; but he
soon relinquished these fatiguing occupations,
and the amusement of feeding poultry became
the serious and dalljy^ care of the monarch of the
West, who resigned, the reins of empire to the
firm and skilful hand of his guardian Stilicho.
The experience of history will countenance the
suspicion luat a prince who was born in the pur-
ple received a worse education tlian the meanest
peasant of his dominions ; and that the ambitious
minister suffered him to attain the age of man-
hood without attempting to excite Ins courage
or to enlighten his understanding. . . . The .son
of Theodosips i))v.s.sed the summer of his life, a
captive in his palace, a stranger in his country,
and the patient, almost the indifferent, spectator
of the nun of the Western Empire, which was re-
peatedly attacked, and finally subverted, by the
arms of the barbarians. In the eventful history of
a reign of twenty-eight years, it will seldom be
necessary to mention the name of the emperor
Honorius. — Gihbon's Komk, ch. 29, p. 188.
187S. . Roman Emperor TheofJo-
sIhk. Tlie ample leisure which he acquired by
neglecting the essential duties of his high office
was filled by idle amusements and unprofitable
studies. Hunting was the only active pursuit tliat
could tempt him beyond the limits of the palace ;
but he most assiduously labored, sometimes by
the light of a midnight lamp, in the mechanic
occupations of painting and carving ; and the ele-
gance with which lie transcribed religious books
entitled the Roman emperor to the singular epi-
thet of ('(illifiniitheit, or a fair writer. Sej»arated
from th<! world by an impenetiable veil, Theodo-
sius trusted the persons whom he loved ; \w loved
tho.sc who W(!re accustomed to amuse and flat
I tcr his indolen(!e ; and as he never perused the
I papers that wens presented for the royal signa-
' tine, the acts of injustice the most repugnant to
his character were fre(piontly perpetrated in his
name.— Ohujos'h Home, ch. 33, p. 'ATA.
INr9. ENC0T7BAOEMENT, Timely. Luther.
As Luther was passing to the asscnd)ly room of
the ili(!t, a noted commander, George von Frunds-
bei-ir, touched him on the shoulder and stud,
" .My dear monk, thou art now about taking a
step the like of which neither I normany a com-
mander on the ha-dest-fought battle-field has
ev(!r taken. If thoi. art right and sure of thy
cau.se, ])r()C(!ed in God's name, and Im; of good
cheer ; God will not forsake thee." — Ueix's Li -
Til Kit, ch. 9, p. 8.").
I§§0. . dolumh II H. [His crews
threateiicd mutiny. J P^ntunately the manifes-
tiilions of the vicnuty of land wore such on the
I llowingday asno longer to adnut a doubt. IJe-
sides a quamty of fresh weeds, such as grow in
rivers, they saw a green fl.sh of a kinci which
keei)s about rocks ; then a branch of thorn with
berries on it, and recently separated from the tree,
floated l)y them ; then tijcy picked up a reed, a
small board, and, above all, a .staff artificially
carved. All gloom and nnitiny now gave way to
sanguine expectation ; and throughout the day
each one was eagerly on the watch, in hopes of
being the first to discover the long-sought-for
land. — Ihving's Coi^umbus, Book 3, ch. 4.
18§l. ENCOUBAOEMENT, Visionary. Colum-
bus. He says, about the festival of OhrLstmas,
when menaced by Indian war and domestic n;-
iMillion, when distrustful of those around him and
apprehen.sive of disgrace at court, he sank for a
time into complete despondency. In this hour of
gloom, when abandoned to despair, he heard in
the night a voice addressing him in words of com-
fort, ' ' O man of little faith I why art thou cast
down ? Fear nothing, I will provide for thee.
The .seven years of the term of gold are not ex-
pired ; in that, and in all other things, I will take
care of thee." The seven years' term of gold here
mentioned alludes to a vow made by Columbus
on discovering the New World, and recorded by
him in a letter to the sovereigns, that within
•seven years he would furni.sh, from the profits of
his di.scoveries, fifty thousand foot and five thou-
sand lior.se, for the deliverance of the holy .sepul-
chre, and an additional force of like amount
within five y(!ars afterward. The comforting as-
surance given him by the voice was corroborated,
he says, that very (lay, by intelligence receiveil
of the discov(!ry of a large tract of country rich
in mines. This imaginary promise of divine aid,
thus mysteriously given, appeared to him at pres-
ent in still greater progress of fulfilment. The
troubles and dangers of the island had been suc-
ceeded by tranquillity. — Ikving's Columbus,
Book 13, ch. 7.
18§a. END recorded. The. " Charter Oak."
In 1686. . . Andros was made roj'al governor of
New England. . . . On the day of his arrival
[at Hartford] he invaded the provincial assembly
while in .session, .seized the minutes, and wrote
Finis at the bottom of the page. He demanded
a
224
KNDl UANCK— KNKUGY.
the imnu'dinto surrender of tlui coloiiiiil cliar-
ler. (Jdveriior Tn-iit pleaded lonj? iind earnest-
ly for tilt! nrecious document. Andros was in-
exorable. Tlie shades of eveninj? fell. .Joseph
Wadsworfh found in the gatherin;; darkness an
opportiuuly to concf.d IIk^ cherished pan'hnient
— a de(!d which has made his nnmt' and the name
of a tree Immortal. I'l'lie liberties of Connecti
cut wero restored two years later.] — Kidi'.^th'h
U.S., eh. 21, p. nil.
liNS. ENDURANCE, German, (lound Dan-
ifl Afori/iin, [of Kevohitionaiy lame, saiil :] As
to the tighlin;^ ])art of the matter, the? men of all
nations arc ])retty ni'ich alike ; they ti;Lrht as much
as they tuiil necessary, and no more. Hut, sir, for
the i^rimd essential in the; compo.sitioii of tlie ^ood
soldier, f^ivo mo the Dutchman — /to uttirves irdl.
— CiJSTis' \Vah!IIN(iton, vol. 1, eh. 12.
tnU't. ENEMIES, Detraction of. " Adiomtun
diiiMi." In the lioman Catholic (Jhurch the
person who shows cause against the canoniza-
tion of on" proposed for .sainthood i.s called rt</w-
ratim didboU. 1I(! Insists upon the weak points
in the good man's or woman's life. Hence the
name is .sometimes applied to all who delight in
<letracting from tlu; characters of good men.
Most men havc! their adrorittus ditdxdi. — Amichi-
CAN L'YCUH'KDIA, " Al>V(K ATK."
ISiS. ENEMIES divided, tipnnixh Armada.
The Armada lay otf Calais, with its largest ships
ranged oiilside, "like strong castles fearing no
assault, the lesser i)laced in the ndddle ward."
The English adnural couM not attack them in
lh(.'ir position without great disadvantage, but on
the night of the 29th he .sent eight tire-ships
among them, with almost ecpial (effect to that of
the fire-ships which the Greeks so often emi)loy-
0(1 against the Turkish fleets in their late war of
independent^e. The Si^aniards cut their cables,
and put to sea in confusion. One of the largest
galeu.s,ses ran fold of another ve.s.sel, and was
stranded. The rest of the lleet was scattered
about on the Flemish coast, and when the; morn-
ing broke it was with diflicidty and delay that
they obeyed their admiral's signal to range them-
selves round lum near Graveliness. Now was
the golden opportunity for the English to assail
them, and prevent tluMU from ever letting loose
Parma's flotilla against England, and nobly was
that opportunity used. Drake and Fcamer were
the first Engli.sh cai)tains who attacked the un-
wiekly leviathans. — Dkcisivk IJatti.ks, i^ 4;3().
1 §§6. ENEMIES negleoted. liirkmans. The
itheplierds were (;<)nvert(!(l into robbers ; the bands
of robbers were collected into an army of con-
querors ; as far as Ispahan and the Tigris, Per-
sia was aftiicted by their predatory inroads ; and
the Turkmans were not ashamed or afraid to
measure their courage and numlM-rs with the
proudest sovereigns of Asia. Ma.ssoud, the son
and successor of Mahmud, had too long neglect-
ed the advice of his wi.se.st Omralis. " Your ene-
mies," they repeatedly urged, "were in their
origin a swarm of ants ; they are now little
snakes ; and, unless they be instantly crushed,
they will acquire the venom and magnitude of
serpents." — Gibbon's Rome, ch. 57, p. 506.
1887. ENEMIES, Partiality to. Philip of Macf-
Aon. Scarcely was he sedated on the; tlirone, when
he was attacked from every quarter. The Illy-
rlans and the Pironians made inroads upon Ids
territories. Two rival princes, Pausanias and
Argieus, relations of the last monarcrh, disputed
his title, each clainung the sovereignty for him-
self. The Thraciaiis armed for Pausanlas, the
.Mhenians for Argieus. Philip di.sarmed the Pa-o-
luaiis by brilK's and prondses. The Thracians
were won by asinular policy. He gained a vic-
tory over the Ath<nians, in* which his rival A r
gieus lost his life ;and having thusacconqilished
the security of his title tollu' throne, he attained
with the i)eoi)le of Athens the character of ex-
treme mod<'ration and generosity, by sending
back to their country, without ransom, all tho
])ri.s<)ners he had taken in battle. In this mannctr,
l)y the most dexlenais policy, \w. removed apart
of his en<'ndes, that he might hav(( the rest at his
mercy. — Tvti.kii'hHist. , Hook 2, v\\. iJ, p. HS\).
1888. ENEMY, Generons. Luther. Miltit/.
[the Poi)e's andmssador] had made? an appoint-
ment to meet Tetzel at Altenlmrg, in Saxony, to
rejirimand him for his excesses. Hut the latter,
fearing the poptdar wrath, did not dare to under-
take the joiuney. After Miltitz had concluded
hi.>* coid'ei-cnce with Luther, he went to Lelpsic,
and meeting Tetzel he administered ,so severe >i
reproof that he si(;kcned and died of chagrin in
a Donnnicanchdster, .Inly 4, 1510. Luther wrote
Tetzel a comforting letter during his sleekness —
an evidence of the nobility of .sovd and large-
heartedness of the great Reformer. — Rkin's Ll-
TIIKU, ch. 5, ]>. .W.
1889. ENEMY, 'Weapons ftrom the. Ilcrolution-
an/ War. [For Sumter's regiment in South
Carolina] bullets were cast of jiewter, colh!cted
from housekeepers. With scarcely three rounds
of cartridges to a man, they coidd obtiun no
more biit from their foes ; and the arms of the
dead and wounded in one engagement m\ist
equip them for another. — Bancuoft's U. S.,
vol. 10, ch. 15.
1 8»©. ENEBOY complimented. JVoptilcon I.
With HU(!h tremendous energy did he do this [at-
tack English and Austrian armies], that he re-
ceived from his antagonists the complimentary
sf)l)ri(i\iet of the one hundred thounand men.
Wherever Napoleon made his appearance in th«
field, his presence alone was considered equal to
that force. — Abbott's Napoleon B., vol. 1,
ch. 19.
1891 . ENERGY, Expression of. General Ornnt.
[At the battle of Fort Donelson, when ready for
the final assault. General Buckncr, the Confed-
erate commander, proposed an armistice to .setth;
terms of c«q)itidati()n. ] Grant wanted no armis-
<ice. He knew hi.'' advantage ; ... he replied :
" No terms but unconditional and immediate .sur-
render can be accepted. I propone to move inu/ie-
dititeli/ ujwnyovr irorks." [Buckner surrender-
ed.]— Heaui.ey's GllANT, p. 08.
1892. ENERGY, Individual. Tribune Rienzi.
Never perhaps has the energy and efTectof a sin-
gle mind been more remarkably felt than in the
sudden though transient reformation of Romi;
by the tribune Rienzi. A den of robbers was
converted to the discipline of a camp or a con-
vent ; patient to hear, swift to redress, inexora-
ble to punish, Ins trib\mal was always accessible
to the poor and the stranger ; nor could birth
or dignity or the immunities of the Church pro-
tect the offender or his accomplices. The priv
KNKUOY-ENTKUPUISE.
S26
llt'gcd ii<)UH(!H, till) private Miiiu'tuaricn in Uoinc,
on wliicli IK) ()tll(-<'r of jiL^tict^ would nrcsiinut to
trcMiniNH, wcriMibolixlu'ci ; and lioappiuMltlic tiin-
luT and iron of tliiir barricadcM In the forlitica-
tions of tlio Capitol. — GninoNH l{<iMi:, cli. 70,
p. 477.
IM»!1. ENERGY, Military. Kmi)"/-,,,- Tnijan.
CariilcHH of llie dill'i'i't'nct' of .scanons and of cli-
mates, luMnarciu'd on foot, and baiclicadiMl, ovit
tJK! .snows of Caledonia and the sultry plains of
IpiHT Ki;vi>t ; »<"' WHS tliero a province of the
(•nipirc wliudi, in the course of his reiirn, was
not honored with the presence of tlu; nionarcli.
— Uiuiion'h Uomk, ch. 1, p. 1).
ll*9f . ENEEOY of Patrlotiim. Isnid l>iitn<iin.
A.i). 1775. On lli(! niiirnintf (followini; till tlKlit
al('oncord) . . . Israiil I'utnain, ... in leather
frock and apron, ^vas assistin;^ hired men to build
a stone wall on ids farm, when hi! heard Uw cry
from licxinf^lon. Leavin;^ them to continue their
task, he set otY instantly to rouse the militia ofH-
cers of the nearest towns. On his return he
fo\uid liundreds wlio had mustered and chosen
liini their leadtir. Issuini; orders for them to
I'ollow, he liimself jiushed forward, without
<han;^infr the checked shirt he had worn in the
Held, and reached Cand)ridf;e at sunrise, . . .
liavinj^ rode the .same liorse one hundred miles
in ei<i;hteen hours. — U.vm'Kokt'h U. S,, vol. 7,
ch. W.
I WK'i. Ell ERG Y, Success by. ]\'ohf>/. [Thom-
as Wolsey, afterward the ^wnl cardinal, was a
]triest at Mafjdalen ('ollege, and sub.seipiently
chiii)laiii of Henry VII.] Ilis promotion in tliat
court arose out of his capacity to .seize upon a tit
occasion for the display of remarkable energy.
It is an attributo of geniu.s thus to make its op-
l)ortuiMtic.s, while the ordinary man passes them
liy. [Wolsey was sent as a confidential messen-
ger to tlie Pimpcror Maxinulian, tlien in Flan-
ders.] Having received his instructions from
the king, he left Richmond at noon, toolt the
ferry-boat at Gravesend, went on with horses to
Dover, had a quick passage to Calais, di.scharged
Ids commission to the emperor on the second
night, travelled back to Calais the next day, and
was again at Ilicbmojid on the fourth evening.
This was an extraordinary journey for those
times. Presenting himself to the king on the fol-
lowing morning, he was angrily asked why lie
had not set forth on bis travel. [Henry present-
ed him with the deanery of Lincoln.] — Kniiiht's
Eng., vol. 3. ch. 10, p. 205.
1§9«. ENERGY, Surpassing. Mahomet II. [To
the amtiassador.s of Constantine, who protested
against the erection of a threatening fortress :]
" Keturn and inform your king tliat the present
Ottoman is far different from his predecessors ;
that hi8 resolutions surpass their wishes ; anil
that he performs more than they couiil resolve.
lieturu in safety ; but tlie next who delivers a
similar message may expect to bo Hayed alive."
After this declaration Constantine, the first of
tlie Greeks in spirit as in rank, had determined
to unsheathe the sword, and to resist the ap-
proach and establishment of the Turks on the
iiosphorus. — Gibbon's Uomk, cb. 08, p. 375.
IS9T. ENGINEERS, Service of. War in Nether-
landn. When we contemplate [William, Prince
of Orange] this feeble-bodied man, with tlie
most heroic spirit, one day in the trenches, an-
other day on horseback from mortdngtill idght,
. . . we can understand the conlldence he won ;
. . . but while wo admire the perseverance of
William and the undaunted courage of all the
trooiw of the allies, we nmsl not forget that
mucli of the success was dui! to the science of
th(> '•ngliieer, Coehorn, the great rival of Vau-
baii. — K.MiiHT'rt K.Mi., vol. 5, ch. Vi, p. 180.
I MOW. ENGRAVING invented. Mezzotiiito. It
was invented by the ccleliraled Prince Itupert,
son of tlie lOleclor Palatine, about theyear lO.'iO ;
and the hint was conceived from observing the
effect of rust upon a soldier's fusil, in covering
the surface of the iron with innumerable small
holes at regular distances. Uu|)ert, who was a
great mechanical genius and virtuoso, concluded
that a contrivance might l>e found to c(ivera|>lato
of copper with such a regular ground of liole.H
so closely pierced as to give a black impression,
which, if scraped away in proper parts, wouhl
leave the rest of tlie paper white ; that thus light
and shade might be as lliiely blended, or as
strongly dislingiushed, as by the jiencil in paint-
ing. He tried the exiieriment by means of an
indented steel roller, and it succeeded to his
wishes. A crenulated chisel is now used to
make the rough ground in place of the roller.
This art has been brought Xo very high jjcrfec-
tion. Its characteristic is a softness ciiual ti>
that of the pencil, and it is therefore pafticularly
adai)ti!(l to portraits; and nothing except thu
])()wer of colors can express flesh more naturally,
the flowing of hair, the folds of drapery, or tbo
reflection from polished surfaci's. Its defect is,
that where there is one great mass of shade in
the picture it wants an outline to detach and
distinguish the different i)arts, which are thus
almost lo.sl in one entire shade ; but in the blend-
ing of rht and shade there is no other mode of
engravi ; that approaches to it in excellence. —
Tyti.kus Hist., Book 0, di. 23.
1899. ENMITY, Persistent. Cato. [Cato gave]
a stronger instance of his enmity to Carthage ;
he never gave bis opinion in tlie Senate upon any
other point whatever without adding these
words: "And my opinion is, that Ca thago
shoidd be destroyed." Scipio, surnamed Nasica,
made it a point to maintiun the contrary, ami
concluded all his speeches thus : " And my opin-
ion is, that Carthage should be left standing." —
Pmitaiu'ii.
1900. ENMITY, Race. Normans. In no coun-
try has the enmity of race been carried far-
ther than in England. . . . His ordinary form
of indignant denial was, "Do you take me for
an Englishman V" The descendant of such a
gentlennm one hundred years later was proud
of the English name. — Mai ali,.vy'is Eno., ch. 1,
p. 15.
1901. ENTERPRISE, Vast, raeific liailroad. .
This vast enterprise was projected as early as
1853, but ten years elapsed before the work of
construction actually began. The first division
extended from Omaha . to Ogden, ... a
thousand and thirty-two miles ; the western di-
vision, called the Central Pacific, . . . from Og-
den to San Francisco, a distance of eight hun-
dred and eighty -two miles. On the 10th of May,
1869, the great work was completed. — Kidpath's
U. S., ch. 68, p. 553.
220
ENTEUTAINMKNT— ENVY
1004. INTXRTAIHMIRT.Onlasfor. PaiiliiM
/Kmiliut. I After I'liulim /EniiliiiH hud Hiilxliinl
tlu! MiircdoniiitiM, lio inml<> grciit ciilcrtuirunciils. |
Aiitl li<> Allowed HU Just u disccriiiiH'iit in the order-
ing, tiiu pliieitiK, iind HnliitinK of Ids iriiestN, and
in dislin>,'id.sidnff wlnit de^ri-e of eivilitv whh «iue
t<» every nmn's rimlt and (|uiility, that the Greekn
were iirniized at Ids linowledj^e of matters of
mere iioliteness, and tiiat andd Ids ^n'at actions
ev(!n trilles did not eHcapc Ids altenlion, l)Ut were
eondiicled wllli tiie greatest decorum. 'I'liat
w'Ideii alTorded Idm tlie Idgliest satisfaction
was, tliat, notwillislanding tlie niagidllcencc*
and variety of Ids i)re|)aralions, lie Idmself gave
till! greatest i)]easure to tlio.so lie entertained.
And to tlio.s(> that «'.\pressed tlieir adndralion of
Ids managem(>nl on tliese occasions, Ik- said that
it recpdred tlie same geidus to draw up an army
nnd to order an entertainment; tliat tlie on(!
iniglit he most formidahlt; to tlicM-niMny, and I lie
other most agreeal)i(! to the company. — Pi.i-
•iaiuh's I'm :i.i;s vEmilimh.
100.1. ENTHUSIASM, Patriotic. " Tiukpen-
(ffiire Ilitll." All day long the old hellmau of
the State lIou.se had stood in the steeple, ready
to souinl the note of freedom to the city and tlie
nation. Tlic hours went by ; the gray-haired
veteran in the belfry grew dis(;ouraged, and be-
gan to say, "They will never do it — they will
neverdoit"[/.^.,8ign the Declaration of American
Independence!. Just then the lad who had been
Htationed below ran out and exclaimed, nt the top
of his voice, " King ! ring !" and the aged patriot
«lid ring as he never did before. . . . Every wIuto
the 'declaration was received with enthu.siastie
applause. — UiDPATit'a U. S., eh. ;t!), ]>. !l()l).
1001. ENTHirsIASM, Persiitent. Lord Xd-
»on. [At tlic battle of ('oi)enhagen, IHOl, Nel-
.son was vice-admiral, and led the attack against
the Danish fleet. By accident one fourlli of
the fleet were unable to participate, and the
battle became very destru(;tive. Adndral Parker,
a con.servative and aged oflicer, seeing how litth;
progress was made after three hours' conflict,
Hignalled the fleet to discontinue tlie engagement.]
That signal was No. 550. Nelson continued to
walk the deck, without appearing to notice the
signal. "Shall I repeat it ?" said the .signal
lieutenant. " No ; acknowledge it." He turned
to the captain : " You know, Foley, 1 have only
one eye. I can't see it," putting his glass to Ins
blind ej'e. "Nail my signal for close action to
the mast," cried Nelson. [The battle was a suc-
cess, and th(! Danish fleet destroyed.] — Knioiit's
Eno., vol. 7, ch. 23, p. 404.
1005. ENTHUSIASM for Philosophy. A irhim-
edes. It is related of lum, that being perpt'tu-
ally charmed by a domestic siren— that is, his
geometry, he neglected his meat and drink, and
look no care of his person ; that he was often
carried by force to the baths, and when there he
would make mathematical figures in the ashes,
and with his finger draw lines upon his body
when it was anointed ; so much was he transport-
ed with intellectual delight, such an enthusiast
in science. And though he was the author of
many curious and excellent discoveries, yet he
is .said to have desired his friends only to place
on his tombstone a cylinder containing a sphere,
and to set down the proportion which the contain-
ing solid ]m\n to the contained.— Pi,it.\uc'II'8
AI.\iU'Ki.i,im.
lOOO. ENTHUSIASM, Remarkable. Joan of
Are. She liuiiestly believed hers<'lf inspjri'd by
Heaven, and she infused into others that bi^lier.
An enthusiast herself, hIk^ tilled a dispirited sol-
<liery and a despairing people with enthusiasm.
The great secret of her succcsh was the boldness
of her attacks. — K.niout's Enu., vol. 2, ch. 4,
p. H7.
lOOr. ENTHUSIASM, A Soldler'e. Iloftle of
MdiuiHMiiH. I A Confederate soldier, wounded in
the breast, was being carried olf the tield by his
comrades. An olllcer expressed his sympathy.]
"Yes, yes!" was his reply, "tlieyliavi! dono
for me now, but my father's there yet ! (Mirarmy
is there yet ! our cause is there yet !" and rais-
ing liim.self from the arms of his companions,
his face lighting up like a sunbeam, he cried
with an enthushism I
Liberty is there yet I "
was too much for him
Poi.i-auu'm Fiust Yi
shall never forget, " and
His spasmodic exertion
; . . . he swooned away. —
All OK run \Vau, ch, 4,
1). 121.
lOOD. ENTHUSIASTS, Gospel. Q'i'ihfr».
George Fox did not fail by letter to calechiso
Innocent XI. Ploughmen and milkmaids, b«!-
coming itinerant ])reachers, sounded the alarm
througliout the W( rid, and appealed to the con-
sciences of Puritans and Cavaliers, of the Popo
and the Grand Turk, of the negro and the sav-
age. Th(! plans of the (Quakers designed no le.ss
than the establishment of a universal religion ;
their apostles made their way to Home and .Je-
rusalem, to New England unci K;.'-ypt ; nnd.somo
were even moved to go towarc' (Jhina and Japan.
The ri.so of the peojjle called Quakers is one of
th(! memorable events in the history of nian. It
marks tlu; moment when intellectual freedom
was claimed unconditionally by the ijcople as an
inalienal)le birthright.— Hancuokt's U. S , ch.
16, vol. 2.
lOOO. ENVY rebuked. OUrcr Goldmiith. Upon
another occasion, when (Joldsmith confessed
himself to be of an envious disposition, I contend-
ed with Johnson thut we .ought not to be ungry
with him, he was so candid in owning it. " Nay,
sir," said Johnson, " we must be angry that a man
has such a superabundance of an odious cpiality
that he cannot kec'p it within his own breast, but
it boils over." In my opinion, liowever, Gold-
smith had not more of it than other i)eople have,
but only talked of it freely. — Bohwkli.'s John-
son, p. 230.
1010. ENVY of Reputation. Ariittidi.'*. At the
time that Ari.stides was banished, when the people
were inscribing the names on the shells, it is re-
ported that an illiterate burgher came up to Aris-
tides, whom he took for some ordinary person,
and giving biin his shell, desired him to write
Aristides upon it. The good man, surprised at
the adventure, asked him whether Aristides had
ever injured him. "No,"8iud he, "nor do I
even know him ; but it vexes me to hear him
everywhere called the, fust." Aristides made no
answer, but took the shell, and having writteu
his own name upon it, returned it to the man.
When he quitted Athens, he lifted up his hands
toward Heaven, and, agreeably to his character,
made a prayer, very different from thut of
EN VY-EQUI VOCATION.
'iil
AcliilleK — niimcly, timt tlw proplo of Atlicim
iiiiKlit iirvcr H('(> till' (lay wliich Nhould force
tlii'tn to ri'iiu'iiilHT ArlsiiiU'H.— I'm'taiu'IIh Auih-
'I'lllKH.
101 1. ENVY, Unhapplneu of. Iffiiri/ I IT.
[AfUT liis victory over the Ocriimn uiixllliiricM|
tlio kliij? n'tiuiittl to I'liriM, wlicrc lie iimdc Lis tri-
unipliul oiitry, . . . but found, toliiHcxtrciiKMiior-
titlciilloii, tliiit, till- I'lilirc crr<lit luid ^lory of the
ciiinpui>,'ii WHS iissljriicd Ity the PiirisiuiiM to their
idol, tlie Duke of OuiNe. ■■Said lias slain his
thousands," cried theinultitiide. ■'but David IiIm
leii thouMands, "— Sti KKNTs' FiiANtK, eh. 17,
t$ H, p. :{."».
I9ia. EPIDEMIC, Oeitruotive. //<r//<r. [In
1HIK the liritisji army in India! was eneaniped
in low ground, on the banks ot a tributary of
i\u' .lunula. The Indian cholera morbus had as.
cended tlu- valley of Hk; Ounces, and reaching
the cani|) of the main iirilish army destroyed,
ill a littU; mont than a week, one leiith of thi>
number there crowded tof^ether. KNioiiTrt
Kn(i., vol. M, eh. VI, p. 417.
1913. EPICURES, Reputed. Kn;iliHh. [The
Kn>?lish people were called epicures by the im|)ov-
erished Scots, who opposed the union of the two
nations. They were said to bej devolcul to Dutch
cabbages and wlieaten bread, and despising hon-
est kal(! and oatmeal. — Knkiut'h KN{t.,vol. 5,
ch. 21, p. Al'i.
19l'l. EPISCOPACY, Fiotitloui. lloiinm..
FU<'iKn of .lames II. Adda, the Pope's nunc io
n En>,dand,] had, liyii fiction often used in the
Chureli of Home, been lately raised to the epis-
fopal (iif^nity without having the charfro of any
nee. He was called Archbishop of Amasia, Uw.
birthplace of Mithridates, an ancient city of
which all trace had long disappeared. — M,v-
caulay'h Eno., ch. H, p. 241).
1915. EPITAPH, Unique, f-n/ui Yale. [Chief
founder of Yale College.] Eliliu Yale lived to
lhcag(!of seventv-three years, dying in 1721, and
was buried at Wrexam, in Wales. The epitaph
on his tombstone is .still legible. After the date
of hia birth and death these lines follow :
Born in America, in Europe bred,
In Africa travelled, and in A.sia wed.
Where long he lived and thrived : at London,
deacr
Much good, some ill, lie did ; so hope all's even.
And that his .soul through mercy's gone to heav-
en.
Y'ou that survive and read, take care
For this most certain exit to prepare ;
For (mly the actions of the just
Smell sweet and blossom in the dust.
— CvcLoi'Kui.\ OF Biou., p. 594.
1816. EQUALITY, Religious. Moliamineilan.
One of the princes of Roman Syria, Djabalali,
adopted the faith of the conquerors. . . . Omar
took him along with him, at tlie epoch of the
Iiilgriniiige, to accomplish the rites of Islamism at
^Icdina. The Syrian prince, arrayed in silken ap-
parel, and wearing a crown decked with priceless
pearls — which resembled the ear-drop of Marin,
of which this princess had made a present to the
temple of Mecca at the moment of her conver-
sion — followed by magnificent horses of Nedjid,
which his .slaves were leading by the hand, ac-
companied Omar in his stations around the holy
edifice. A Hedoiiin of tin- trib<' of Kezara, who
was walking behind him, trod on thi^ tail of IiIh
( loak, and made it fall from his shoulders. DJa-
balah turned around angry, gavt>tliisinaii HNlap,
and cut him on the face. The Ke/.arian claimed
of Omar satisfaction for this outrage. "Thou
hast stricken liiin 'i* " asked the Klialif of Dja-
balali. ■' Yes," replied the latter, " and lait for
my veneration for the Kaaba, I would have do.
veiihishaiid with my sword." " Thou avowcst
the act," rejoined Omar ; " tliou must iHirchasti
lliin from the otTendcd party a di'sistaiice trniii
the coniplainl." ■■ .\iid if I am unwilling to do
it y" " 'I hen thou wilt be subject lotlic penally of
retaliation. I w.il order tlial this Itcdouiii shall
strike thee upoi< the face, as thou hast stricken
him." ■' iiut I am a king, and he is iiiil an ob-
scure individual." "The king a:Ml tli" beggar
are ci|ual befon; the Mu.ssulman law : tliou liasi,
over him but thi^ superiority of physical force. "
" I had thought I would be still more hmiored
in Islamism than in my former religion. " ■' No
more words ; satisfy tlie com)ilainant, i>rsubmil
to retaliation." — L.v.maiitink'm Tiiikkv, p. 17!J.
1917. EQUALITY, Sentimental. \iij>ol,;)ii /.
[lU' profes.sed to believe in the nobility of merit
and the e({ualily of men. I .Miirnt sought Napo-
leon's sister Caroline lor a bride. " .Murat I
Murat !" said Mapoleon, thoughlfully and hesi-
tatingly. " lie is the son of an inn keeper. In
the elevateil rank [of First Consul | to which I
have attained, 1 cannot mix my blood with his."
[He afterward consented as a matter of policy.]
— Ahuott'w Nai'oi.kon H., vol. l,ch. HI.
I9I6(. EQUIVOCATION declined. Jo/ni ]f,m.
Huss . . . railed against the ecclesiastical hier-
archy and the disorderly lives of the i»opes and
bishops. He was cited to api)ear before the
couiunl of Constance, and was examined touch-
ing tlu! most obnoxious i)assages of his writings.
To deny the hierartdiy, and to reproach the con-
duct and morals of the bishops, were siilllcieiit
crimes in the judgment of a council of these
bishops, and Huss was condemned to be bur.;
alive. H(! might have .saved his life by simply
declaring that he abjured all his errors. The
Emperor Sigismund, who wantci'. to save him,
thus rea.soned with him : " What harm can there
be," .said he, "in any man declaring that he ab-
jures his errors ? I am ready this moment to
declare that I abjure all my errors ;" but .John
Hu.ss was too sincere to save his life by an e(|uiv-
ocation. and he suffered death with heroic cour-
age. — Tyti.i:ii's Hist., Hook (I, ch. 11.
1919. EQUIVOCATION, Ingenioua. I{fi;/n of
JamM If. 1^ William, Prince of Orange, issued a
manifesto announcing the invitation of the prel-
ates to an invasion of England.] Bislioj) Conip-
ton was called into the lojal closet and asked
whether he believed that there was the slightest
ground for the prince's assertion. The bishop
was in a strait, for he was himself one of the
.seven who had signed the invitation ; and his
conscience, not a very enlightened con.science,
would not suffer him, it seems, to utter a direct
falsehood. " Sir," he said, " I am quite confi-
dent that there is not one of my brethren who is
not as guiltless as myself in this matter." The
equivocation was ingenious ; but whether the
difference lietween the sin of such an equivoca-
tion and the sin of a lie be worth any expensse of
2JiH
KQUIVOrATIOX-KTUilF/rTK.
Iii){i>tiultv niity |NThiij)M Im* iloiilitrd. T\w kinif
wuH HitllHfltil " I fully iu'i|iilt '(Ml all," lii>
Hitiil : " lull I lliliik it iii'ci'SNjiry tlnit you MJiiiuIti
|iul>li<'ly('i)ti(i'iMli<'l tli('wlnn(li>riiu<<rliMr)fi' Itrouu;!!!
iiifiiinsi, yiiu in ilii< piiiicr's ilniiuution. " The
liiM|ii)|i Very niiluntlly lic>;>;iil tliiil he nil)j;lit Ih>
itllowi'ij III ri'tkil till' |m|M'r whirl) III- vmim ri'i|ulri'il
to I'onlniillrt ; Itiit llii' kiii>; wnuM no! nuITit
liiin III Iniikiil it. ( Atiiiiiitliir iiili rvirw, | wlii-ii
( 'uniiitiin'H Inni niiiu', lii' parrii'il llii> i|ucsliiiii
Nvitli Mil iiilrnitiirs.s wliirli a •Irsiiit nii;;lit liavi>
riivlnl. " I >;avi' your Majonty my aiiHWrr yi'H-
trrday " M^i \rr\v's Kmi., rli. ')(, p, -llo,
I f»<iO. EQUIVOCATION, OraouUr. Fiit>'. |('i>ii
sluiilinc WHS upiiroarjiih}^' llirrily with a ^fri'at
ariiH . I itrrori' Slavi'iillus l< It itiiiiii', In- coiihuII
I'd till- Siliylllni' hooks. 'I'lir ;;uai'diaiis of tlu-si-
iiiuiriil orarlcs wcri' aswrll vrrsi'ii in Ilii- arls of
this world as Ihry wrrr itriioraiil of Ihi' srcrrt.sof
fall' ; and lliry nluriird liiin a very prudi'iit an
Hwcr, wliirli iniu:ht adapt ilsclf to llii' fvrnl.and
KiTiiii' llicir irpulation, wlialrvir nIiouIiI hr tin-
(liancc of arms.— (iiniiiiN'M Uomk, cli. It, p. IHO.
in*JI. ERROR from Vaitneii. h'.r jilo i-f r.
|.Si'i'kiiii; a wi'slnii pns.saj^'c Iroin Miiropi' lo
Asia. I Aul;iisI Id, l.'ilD, Admiral Mai^alhaons
saili'd from Scvillf, and rcaclird llic roiiHl of
Hra/.il in tlii> midilir of DiTi-mlnr. Ill' thni
Mti'i'ird to thr south, and, .sailinir riosi' in hIioi'i*,
looki'd oiil anxiously to tind a liri'ak in Ilii! coii-
tini'iit w liii'li would li't him into llic ^rrcat orran
that wiishi'il thr shorrs of Asia, and I'lirircli'd
till' rich islands of wliiih hi- was in ipii'sl. 'I'lii.'
Iiroad mouth of lliit l^a Plata lurid him in at
|iai|ri|i. He cntiTi'd it, hut disriivrriiiLT soon
that it was only a rivrr, hi* droppid down tlii'
fitri'.'in, and rrsumi'd his run alon;; tin- loasi. —
C'vc i.orKi>K,\ OK llioo., p. 21)7.
I»!W. ESCAPE by Bravery. /l<i//ff of lh,M-
in;in. [William I hi' Norman add rrssnl his troojis :]
'riii-rit w ill he no safrty in asking' ipiartir or in
tlij^ht ; till' Kmrllsh will nrvrr lovi'orsparra Nor-
man. Fi'lons liii'y wcri', and tolons Ihi'y ari' ; falsi-
<hi'y wcri', an I false thcv will lie. Show no
wiNikncss toward tlioin, tor llicy will have no
■pity on }ou ; neither the i-oward for running.;
Well, nor the li<ild man for smitiii!^ well, will he
the hetti-r liked liy the l'',m;lisli, nor will any he
the more spared on either aceouiit. \ oyi may
ily to the .sea, hut vim ean tly no farther ; you
\vill lind neither ships nor liriii;;e there ; there
Will he no sailors to reeeive you ; and the En^-
li.sh ^vill overtake you there, and slay you in
your shame. .More of you will die in llii^dit
than in hattle. Then, as tlij^hl will not secure
you, li^ht, and you will conquer. — Dkcisivk
BattM'.s, t; ;{()8.
lfta:». ESCAPE difficult. Inther. Lulhers
frieniis, fearing that lie would not he permitted
to depart from the city, provided for liim a
liorsc and an old companion at arm.s, and dis-
ini.s.sed him at ni;;ht through a secret gate in the
city walls. Tlius he escaped ujion a hard-riding
trotter, in lii.s nioidi'a coat, without t)oots or
pants, spurs or sword, travelling about forty
miles l)efore ho sought rest. When he di.smount-
cd ut the inn at Alonheim he could hardly stand,
and for wearine.ss fell down upon the straw. —
Ukin's Lutiikk, ch. 5, p. S.").
1934. ESTRANGEMENT, Connubial. William
and MiU'ii. A time would come when tho priu-
ceiw I.Miiry]. who liiiil Im-cii I'lliicntcd o..._, to
work emhroldi ry, to play on the spinel, unii lo
read the Itihie and llie " Whole Duly of Man,"
would he the chief of a great monarchy [Mm
Knglish |, and woiild liold the halance of Kurii|H<,
whih- her lord |Williaiii, i'rinceof Orange, jam-
bilious, vei'Mi'd In ulTairs, and b«-nl on great en
lerprlHi'S, . . . would liold |Kiwer only from her
bounty and during her pleasure. . . . The Prin-
cess oi' Orange bad not the faintest HiiHpicioii of
her husband's feelings. Her pn-ceplor. iiisliiip
Compton, had instructed her carefully in relig-
ion, and had especially guarded her mind agairiNl
the arts of Koiniin ('alholic divines, tail liad
left her profoundly ignorant of the l<!nglisb
Consiiiution and of her own position. She
knew that her marriage vow bound her lo obey
her husband ; and it had never occurred In her
that the relation in which they stood to each
other might one day be inverted. She had been
nine years married before she discovered the
cause of William's discontent ; nor would sbii
ever have learned it from liimself. In general,
his tempei' inclined liim rather to brood over his
griefs than to give iiltenince to them ; and in
this |iarliculiir case his lips were .sealed by a
very natural delicacy. At length li complete
evplanation and reconciliiilion were brought
about by the agency of (Jllbcrt Ibirnet. — .M,\-
(■.\i'I..\v'"h Kmi., cti. ^, ii. 1(11.
Ift'JA. ETIQUETTE burdeniome. Kdmrnl IV.
I In I'tflfl a liohenrian nobleman and suite wero
entertained by Kdward IV.| Having been feast-
edhiniself . . . he was conducted into a costly or-
namented room, where the i|ueen was to dine.
. . . " The i|iieen sat dow n a golden stool,
alone at her table : and her 'r and the king'.s
sister stood far below her. vheii Ihequei-n
spoke to [Iheinl Ihey kneemi itown I'very timii
before her, and remained kneeling until the
queen drank water. And all her ladies and
maids, and those who waili'd upon her, vveii
great lords, had lo kneel while she was eating,
which continued three hours. After dinner
there was dancing, but the queen continued sit-
ting upon her stool, and her mother knelt before
her."— Kniumt's Enu., vol. 2, ch. 11, p. 170.
1046. ETIQUETTE, Queitioni of. American.
In the first inonihs of Ids administralion Wash-
ington was much vexed about questions of cere-
mony and etiquette. Mow should he ap]iear in
l)uhlic V How often? What kind of enlerlain-
ment should he give ? What title should he bear,
and in what manner be introduced ? . . . He
must not, on the one hand, demean himself like
a king, surrounded with |ieersand courtiers ; nor,
on the other hand, must he degrade his high oIHcd
by su(;h blunt dcniocratic ceremonies as would
render liimself ridiculous and the Presidency
contemptible. In thisembarra.ssment Washing-
ton .sought the advice of Adams, JetTerson, Ham-
ilton, and others. . . . Adams, in answer, woidd
have much ceremony ; JefTcr.son, none at all.
The letter said : " I hope that the terms Excel-
lency, Honor, Worship, Escpure, and even Mr.
shall shortly and forever disappear from among
us." Hamilton's reply favored a moderate and
simple formality, and this view was adopted by
Washington. — Kidpatii's U. S., ch. 46, p. 365.
1937. ETIQUETTE, Reitrainta of. Princess
An ne. The prince.ss became impatient of tho re-
EL'LOOISM— EVIDKNCK.
id
!'•
}l.
Ir.
S
NtmlnU wlilch ollqiictto Imnowd on lirr. Slio
roiild not iM'iir tliu wordH Miidikin iiml Itnyul
llli;liii(<MH fiDiii (Kiiriili CliiircliiHI llic lips of inw
who witM iiiori- to lirr tliikii u HiNtcr. . . . Aniic
wiw Mrs. Morlcv ; l.iuly Chiin-lilll was Mrs. Frcc-
iimti ; and iindrr tlimo cldldish imiix's was cur
rird on, tliiriiik( Iwi'iilv y»'urs, ii «'orrrsi>ondriici'
on whicit, at lust, the fitto oradiitiiiislrutioiis and
dymistius dcpi'iidi'd. — MAt'Alii.AY'ri K.NO., cli. 7,
p. i!:w.
l9'iM. EnLOOISM, Sublime. //// (Innnil U<u
ry he, WasiiiiiKion . . . •' First in war, tlrst in
pciiro, and tIrMt in tin- In-arlsof Idscounlryinrn. "
— ('imris' Wahiiinoton, vol. 1, cli. m,
10)10. EVASION, DeMDtiT*. Si mm I Jo/m-
Hon. [|[(i wrote for tlio A)liYiiliiirr.\ .lolinson's
saying, " I liavono|iiirlin tiic papor tK>yond now
an<l tlicn ii motto," niity mttni inconsistent with
liis \u'lnn thii iiiitlior of llio |)apcrs nuirlicd T.
Kilt lit) liad, at, tids time, written oidy one nuni-
l»er ; and l)esideH, even lit any after period, he
nd^lit ltav(t used tlie Haine (expression, consider-
ing it as a point of honor not to own them ; for
Mrs. Williams told m«) that, " as he had f/ii'tn
those (issays to Dr. Hatliiirst, wlio sold them at
two guineas eacli, he never would own them ;
nay, lie used to suv lie did not writt' them ; hut
the fact was, tliat h(> ilirUiUd them, whilt; Hath-
lU'Ht wrote." — Moswki.i.'h .Iounson, p. (Ml,
10»0. EVASION, Leyal. Itinrmil. It is .said,
tliat wlien tlu* amlia.s.sadors from Jja('e<liLMnon
came . , , to Atludis [to m ingo Iho terms of
poHc<!, they wero deterred li' i decree again,st tlie
Megarensians, their enemies |. Pericles pretended
there was .i law which forbade the taking down
any tablet on which a dficree of the people was
written. "Tlien," said Polyarces, one of the
ambius-sadors, "do i\ottak«! it down, but turn the
other side outwartl ; there is no law against
♦hat." Notwithstinuiing the pleiusantry of this
nnswer, Pericles relented uot in the least. — I'l.i:-
TAHCU'S PkIIICI.KS.
If):il. EVIDENCE, Abandant. Tmpomhle. [Mn-
hornet was inclined to jealousy, yet lie| i)uh-
lished 11 law of donu'slic peace, that no woman
should be condemned unless four male witnesses
liad seen iier in the act of adultery. — Giiiiion's
ItoMic, ch. no, p. lot).
1032. EVIDENCE, Ciroumitantial. Xrro'n
PiiVHfcutioti . When once the (Jhristians wen;
l)ointe(i out to tlu' l)opular vengeaiu'e, many rea-
sons would l)e adduced to Jirove their connection
with the <'onHagration. Temples had i)erishe(l
— and wvrv they not notorious enemies of the
t(!mples ? Did uot jiopular rumor charge them
with nocttu'iial orgies aiul Thyestiean feasts V
Husi)icions of incendiarism were .sometimes
hrouglit against Jews ; but tlic, .Jews were not in
the habit of talking, as these .sectaries W(!rc, about
II tlr(i which shouhl consume the world, and rv-
joiciug in the jjrospeet of that tiery consunmia-
tion. Nay, more, when Pagans had bewailed
the destruction of the city aiul the h).ss of thean-
«'ient monuments of Rome, had not the.se perni-
cious people u.sed andiiguous language, as though
they joyously recognized in these events the .signs
of a coming end ? Even when they tried to sup-
pres.s all outward tokens of exultation, l-ad they
not listened to the f::;;rs and lanientaiions of
their fellow-citizens with some sparkle in the
rycM, nn<i Imd tliey not answered with ooinetiiing
of triumph In their tones ? — Fa»uau's Kaki.v
Davs, ch. 4, p. :I7.
IO:i:i. EVIDENCE, Confliotinff. \,ii»>lr»n I.
I After def<?aling the mob in tlu' streets of Paris]
a llsh w'omun, of enormous rotundity of |H'rson,
exhorti'd the mob, will, the inoNt veheiiient volu-
Utility, not to tlisperse, e cl'dming, " Never mind
those coxcombs with epaulets on their shoul-
ders ; tliev can- not If we iioor peojile all starve, If
they can but feed well anil grow fat ! ' Najioleo'i.
who was thin and meagre as n shadow, turned
to her and said : " Look at me, my good woman,
and tell me whicli of us two Is the fatter," 'I'lui
Ama/,on wasconi|iletclyilisconeertr.l by this hiii)-
|)y repartee, and the crowd in gooii humor dfs-
persi'd. — Amiorr's Naimu.kon M., vol. I,(h. il.
IO:i'l. EVIDENCE, Conitruotive. 7ViVf/ of
Stniffoitl. Never did an arraigned prisoner reply
with greater majesty of innocence tliau diil
HiralTord in his last defence before his iticusers
and his king. Neither Athens nor Home records
any incident of more tragic sublimity in tint
united annals. " rnablte to find in my conduct,"
said HtrafTord to his judges, " anything to wliicli
might 1h; ap|)lied tiie name or punishment of
tri'iison, my enemies have invented, in defiance
of all law, a chain of constructive and accumu-
lative evidence, by which my actions, although
innocent and laudable when taken separately,
viewed in this collected light, become treason-
abl(>. It is hard to be ipiestioned on a law which
cannot h(! shown, W^liere hath this lire lain hid
,11) many hundreds of years, without smoke to
disi'over it, till it thus bursts forth to consume mo
and my cliildreii Y It is better to be without
laws altogether than to jjcrsuade ourselves that
we have laws by which to regulate our conduct,
and to find that they consist only in the enmity
and arbitrary will of our accirsers. If a man
sails upon the Thames in a boat, and splits him-
,Helf \ipon an anchor, and no buoy be tloating
to di,scover it, he who ownelli the anchor shall
make ,satisfaction ; but if a buoy be set there,
every one passeth it at his own peril. Now, where
is the mark, where the tokens upon this crime,
to declare it to be higli treason ? It has remained
hidden uniler thi; water ; no human |)rudenc(t
or innocence could preserve me from the ruin
with which it menaces nu;. For two hundred
and forty years every sjx'cies of treason has lieeii
(letiiu'd, and during that long space of time I am
the lirst, I am the oidy exception for whom the
detinition has been enlarged, that I may be en-
veloped in its meshes." — La.mautink's Cuo.m-
WKI.I,, p, 11.
1035. EVIDENCE, Convincing. StrnvclJohn-
sDii. After we came out of the church, wo
stood talking for some time together of Bishop
Herkeley's ingenious .sophistry to prove the non-
existence of nuitter, and that everything in the
univer.se is merely ideal. I observed, that
though we are satisfied his doctrine is not true,
it is impo.ssible to refute it. I never shall forget
the alacrity with which Johnson answered, .strik-
ing his foot with mighty force against a larg(!
stone, till he rebounded from it, "I refute it
thus." — BoHWKLi^'s Johnson, p. 131.
1036. EVIDENCE discredited. Jatn^'n IT.
James informcHl this great assend)ly [of notables]
that he thought it necessary to produce proof.s
aao
j:vii)en('e.
of the birtli of his h(mi. The arts of Ijiul men
luid poisoned the public mind to sucli an extent
timt very nmny believed tlit rrince of Wales to
be a supposititious child ; but Providence had
frraciously ordenid things so that scarcely any
l)riiico had ever come into the world in the pres-
ence of so many witnesses. All who were pres-
ent appeared to be satisfled. The evidence was
instantly published, and was allowed by judi-
cious and impartial persons to be decisive. IJut
the judicious are always a minoritv ; and .scarce-
ly .;;:j body was then impartial. I'lie whoU; na-
tion was convinced that all sincere papists tliought
it a fluty to perjure themselves whenever they
could, by jierjury, serve the interests of their
Chur'h. >Ien who, having been bred Proles-
lanls, had, for the sake of lucre, pretended to be
ton verted to popery, were, if possible, lesstrust-
At'orthy even than sincere papists. The deposi-
tions of all wlio belonged to these two clas.scs
"were therefore regarded as mere nullities. — M.\-
CAUL.w's Eno., ch. 9, p. 434.
I9;ir. EVIDENCE, External. Gnostics. As the
Christian religion was received, at first, by many,
from the conviction of its trutli from exter-
nal evidence, and without a due examination of
its doctrines, it was not surprising that many
who called themselves Christians should retain
the doctrines of a prevailing philosophy to which
they have been accustomed, and endeavor to ac-
commodate these to the system of revelation,
Avhich they found in the sacred volumes. Such,
for example, were the Christian Gnostics, who
intermixed the doctrines of the Oriental philoso-
phy concerning the two separate principles, a good
and an evil, with the precepts of Christianity,
and admitted the authority of Zoroaster, as an
inspired personage, equally with that of Jesus
Christ. Such likewise were the sect of the Am-
monians, who vainly endeavored to reconcile to-
gether the opinions of all the different schools of
tl.j pagan philosophy, and attempted, with yet
greater absurdity, to accommodate all these to the
doctrines of Christianity. From this confusion of
the pagan philosophy with the plain and simple
doctrines of the Christian religion, the Church,
in this period of its infant state, suffered in a
mo.st essential manner. — Tytlkk's Hist., Book
5, ch. 4.
193§. EVIDENCE of common Fame. Mon-
nwuth'H lieMlion. The fact that Monmouth was
in arms against the government was so notorious
that the bill of attainder became a law with only
a faint show of opposition from one or two peers,
and has seldom been censured even by Whig liis-
torians ; yet when we consider how important it
is that legislative and judicial functions should
be kept distinct, how important it is tliat com-
mon fame, however strong and general, should
not })e received as a legal proof of guilt, how im-
])ortant it is to maintain the rule that no man
shall be condemned to death without an oppor-
timiiv of defending himself, and how easily and
speedily breaches in great principles, when once
made, are widened, we shall probably be dis-
posed to think that the course taken by the Par-
liament was open to some objection. Neither
liouse had before it anything which even so cor-
rupt a judge as Jeffreys could have directed a
jury to consider as proof of Monmouth's crime..
— >'I.\caulay's Eno., ch. 5, p. 538.
1030. EVIDENCE, Forced. Kiugfita Templam.
On the 13th of Octolwr, 1307, not only Du Mo-
lay , but all the Knights Templars throughout the
realm ot France, were arrested and thrown into
prison ; and Philip [IV.] proceeded in per-
•son to the vast fortress of the Temple at Paris,
of winch he took forcible po.s.ses8ion. Certain se-
cret revelations had been made to the k'ng by
two renegade memliers of the Order, who had
been condemned for gross misconduct and im-
l)ri.soned for life ; and the Templars were charged
upon their testimony with the most monstrous
crimes, including systematic blasphemy and im-
piety, shameless immorality, and deliberate apos-
tasy from the Christian faith. One hundred and
forty of the prisoners were immediately examined
before the Grand Inquisitor at Pans ; and the
severest tortures having been employed to ex-
tract confes.sion, admissions were obtained which
.seemed to a great extent to establi.sh their guilt.
— Students' Fuanck, ch. 9, t? 19, p. 188.
1040. EVIDENCE, Impossible. Mutiny. In
their .secret conferences they exclaimed against
him as a desperado, In-nt, in a mad phantasy, upon
doing something extravagant to render himself
notorious. What were their suflferings and dan-
gers to one evidently content to sacrilice liis own
life for the chance of distinction ? . . . As an ef-
fectual means of preventing his complaints, they
might throw him into the .sea, and give out thiii
he had fallen overboard while bu.sy with his in-
.struments contemplating the stars ; a report
which no one would have either the inclination
or the means to controvert. Columbus was not
ignorant of the mulinoi'" disposition of his crew,
but he still maintained a serene and steady coun-
tenance ; soothing .some with gentle words ; en-
deavoring to stimulate the pride or avarice of
others, and openly menacing the refractory with
signal punishment, should they do anything to
imjx'de the voyage. — Iuving's Columbus, Book
3, ch. 4.
1041. EVIDENCE, Indisputable. Coat of Mail.
[In 1405 Archbishop Scrope joined a rebellion
against Henry IV. He was taken and behead-
ed. The pope claimed that the king had no
jurisdiction over a prelate — that it was an offence
against the Church, and he] issued a temporary
sentence of excommunication against all who
had been concerned in liis death. There is a
story [that Henry] charged a messenger to de-
liver the armor of the archbi.shop to the pope,
with the.se words of the brothers of Joseph :
" Lo! this we have found ; we know not wheth-
er it be thy son's coat or no." — Knigut's Eno.,
vol. 2, ch. 3, p. 50.
104a. EVIDENCE, Inferential. C<mir. [The
young desperado Clodius evidently sought to
corrupt the wife of Ciesar.] Cicsar . . . divorced
Pompeia ; yet, when called as an evidence on
the trial, he declared he knew nothing of what
was alleged against Clodius [who was reputed
to have injured her virtue]. As this declaration
appeared somewhat strange, the accuser demand-
ed why, if that was the case, he h(<d divorced
his wife: " Because," said he, " I would have
the chastity of my wife clear even of suspicion."
— Plutarch's C^sau.
1043. EVIDENCE manufactured. J^'icias.
[The Athenian general] gave not only to tho.se
who deserved his bounty, but to such as might
EVIDENCE.
231
l)e able to do him harm ; and bad men found re-
8()urc(;s in his fcare, a» well as good men in his
liberality. . .. Telcclides introduced a trading in-
former speaking thu.s : ' ' Charieles would not
give one inina to prevent my declaring that he
wiiH the tirst-fruits of his mother's amours ; but
Nicias, the son of Niceratus, gave me four.
Why he did it, I shall not say, though I know it
perfectly well. For Nicias i.s my friend, a very
wise man besides, in iny opinion. " — Plltakcii's
N1CIA.S.
1044. EVIDENCE perverted. Mahomd. Some
niithors consider the tils of the (-.ropliet as the
l)rincipal evidence of his mission. . . . They
were preceded by great depression of spirits,
and his face wivs clouded ; and they were ush-
ered in by coldness of the extremities and shiv-
ering, lie shook as if he were suffering from
ague, and called out for covering. His mind
was in a most painfully excited state. He heard
a tinkling in his ears, as if bells were ringing, or
a humming, as if bees were swarming round his
head, and his lips quivered ; but this motion was
imder the control of volition. If the attack pro-
iceeded beyond this stage, his eyes became fixed
and staring, and the motions of his head con-
vulsive and automatic. At length perspiration
Ijroke out, which covered liis face in large drops ;
4ind with this ended the attack. Sometimes,
however, if he had a violent fit, he fell comatose
to the ground, like a person who is intoxicated ;
and (at least at a later period of his life) his face
was flusl'jd, and his respiration .stertorous, and
he remained in that state for some time. The
In'standers sprinkled water in his face. — Note in
GriBBON'a Mahomet, p. 53.
1945. EVIDENCE of Prejudice. Joines I. In
the second year of this reign was framed another
plot, . . . one of the most infernal that ever entered
into the human breast to conceive — the Oun-
jwwder Treason. . . . This conspiracy . . . had for
its object to cut off at one blow the king and the
whole body of the Parliament. ... It had origi-
nated from tlie disgust and disappointment of the
Catholics, who, on the accession of James, the
son of a Catholic, had formed to themselves illu-
.sive hopes of the establishment of their religion.
. . . The conduct of the king in the punishment
of this conspiracy was an instance of moderation,
if not of humanity-. The majority of his people
would have gladly .seen an utter extinction of all
the Catholics in the kingdom. But James con-
lined the vengeance of the laws to those only
who were actually engaged in the plot — a meas-
ure which was by a great part of his subjects
construed into his own tacit inclination to favor
the popish superstitions — an idea, of which the
iibsurdity was yet greater than its illiberality. —
Tytleu 8 Hist., Book 6, ch. 29.
1946. EVIDENCE, Presumptive. licifiii of
Charles II. [During the tight occasioned by
Titus Gates' pretended popery plot.] Edward
Coleman, a very busy and not very honest Ro-
man Catholic intriguer, had been among the per-
.sons accused. Search was made for his papers.
It was found that he had just destroyed the
greater part of them ; but a few which had
escaped contained some passages which, to minds
strongly prepossessed, might seem to confirm the
evidence of Gates. . . . But the country was not
then inclini'd to construe the ittters of papists
candidly ; and It was urged, with some show of
reason, that if papers which had been passed
over as unimportant were filled with matter so
su.spicious, some great mvstery of iniqinty niust
have been contained in those documents which
had been carefully committed to the flames. —
Macal'lay'8 Hist., ch. 2, p. 218.
1947 EVIDENCE, Purchase of. Ueign of
James If. [Papist.«] accused [William Douglas,]
the treasurer, not only of extenuating the crime
of the insurgents, but of having himself prompt-
ed it, and did all in their power to obtain evi-
dence of his guilt. Gne of the ringleaders, who
had been taken, was offered a pardon if he would
own that Queensberry had set him on ; but the
same religious enthusiasm which had impelled
the unhappy prisoner to criminal violence pre-
vented him from purcha.sing his life by a cal-
umny. He and several of his accomplices were
hanged. [James sought to advance the Catholic
religion in Scotland, and a riot ensued.] — Ma-
caulay's Eng., ch. 6, p. 107.
194§. EVIDENCE, Refuted by. Pecylation.
The younger Scipio (Asiaticus) was soon after
impeached for the same crime which had been
matter of accusation against his brother. The
tribunes, it seems, were determined to have at
leasf one victim from that illustrious house of
the Cornelii. He was condemned to pay a heavy
fine, as is generally believed, upon false evi-
dence ; for when his whole property wp" seized,
his poverty disproved the calumnious accusa-
tion, and the Senate decreed him a high recom-
pense for the injury he had sustained. — Tyt-
ler's Hist., Book 3, ch. 9, p. 381.
1949. EVIDENCE rejected. Roman General
BelisaHus. Before her marriage with Belisarius,
Antonina had one husband and many lovers ;
Photius, the son of her former nuptials, was of
an age to distinguish liimself at the siege of
Naples ; and it was not till the autumn of her
age and beauty that she indulged a scandalous
attachment to a Thracian youth. Theodosius
had been educated in the Eunomian heresy ; the
African voyage was consecrated by the baptism
and auspicious name of the first soldier who em-
barked ; and the proselyte was adopted into the
family of his spiritual parents, Belisarius and
Antonina. Before they touched the shores of
Africa, this holy kindred degenerated into sen-
sual love ; and as Antonina soon overleaped the
bounds of mo-'esty and caution, the Roman gen-
eral was alor.e ignorant of his own dishonor.
During their residence at Carthage, he surprised
the two lovers in a subterraneous chamber, sol -
itary, warm, and almost naked. Anger flashed
from his eyes. ' ' With the help of this young
man," said the unblushing Antonina, "I was
secreting our most precious effects from the
knowledge of Ju.stinian." — Gibbon's Rome, ch.
41, p. 184.
1950. EVIDENCE, Religious. Joan of Are.
The English, wild with hate and humiiiatiou,
urged and threatened. So great was their rage
against the Pucelle, that they burned a woman
alive for speaking well of her. If the Pucelle
herself were not tried, condemned, and burned as
a sorceress — if her victories were not set down as
due to the devil, they would remain in the eyes of
the people miracles, God's own works. The infer-
ence would be that God was against the English,
^^B
233
EVIDENCE— EXAOUKIiATION.
that they had been rightfully and loyally de-
foiited, and that their cause w:is the devil's. Ac-
cording to the notions of tiie time, there was no
medium. A conclusion like this, intolerable to
English pride, was intlnitely more so to a gov-
ermnent of bishops like tliat of England, and to
the cardinal, its head.— Miciielkt's Joan ok
Akc, p. 29.
1951. EVIDENCE, Secondary. <(imvclJo?in-
son. As to the Christian religioi >.ir, besides the
strong evidence which we have for it, there
is a balance in its favor from the number of
great men who have been convinced of its tnith,
after a serious consideration of the question.
Grotius was an acute man, a lawyer, a man ac-
customed to examine evidence, and he was con-
vinced. Grot'Ius was not a recluse, but a man
of the world, who certainly had no bias to the
side of religion. Sir Isaac Newton .set out an
infidel, and came to be a very firm believer. —
BoswKLL'a Johnson, p. 125.
IVialofStraffm-d.
he defended him-
1059. EVIDENCE, Slender.
Strafford wius brought to trial
self with great ability. The charge upon the
whole was certaiuiy relevant ; but though it was
apparent he had acted with great intemnerance
and indiscretion, nothing was proved which was
sufficient to justify a penal conclusion. His ene-
mies now found it neces.sary to attempt a new
mode of prosecution, and this was the most un-
justifiable part of their procedure. A bill of at-
trtindar was brought into the House of Commons,
in which the principal proof adduced of Straf-
ford's guilt was a scrap of paper in the hand-
writing of Sir Henry vane, consisting of notes
taken of a debate in the privy council on the
subject of the war again.st the Scots, in which
StrafTord was said to have urged the king to go
on to levy the ship-money, and to have hinted
that he was now absolved from all rules of gov-
ernment. Six counsellors, together with Vane,
had been present at this debate. Four of these
declared that they recollected no such expres-
sions of Strafford's ; the other two could give no
evidence, as one had left the country and the
other was a state-prisoner. Vane's evidence,
therefore, .stood single and unsupported ; yet a
majority of the Commons pa.s.sed the bill of at-
tainder ; and the Peers, intimidated by these vio-
lent and desperate mea.sures, which made every
man tremble for his own .safety, [ajiproved.] —
Tytleu's IIkst., Book 6, ch. 29, p. 408.
1953. . liomnn Einjwror Ihnnitian.
The moii.ster — for sucli his life declared him —
contriviul, like some of his imworthj' ])redeces-
sors, for awhile to conceal his vices. He affect-
ed to show a moderation and a love of justice,
Avliich gave promi.se of a happy reign ; but his
natural position soon unveiled itself. An insur-
rection, which hai>pened at that time in Ger-
many, gave him an opportunity of .satiating him-
self with blood. The rebellion itself was speedi-
ly quelled, but its consccpiences were long de-
plored in the innumerable murders of the most
respected among the citizens, for which the bare
suspicion of having been concerned in the re-
bellion afforded always a suflScient pretext. In-
formers, that desi)icable brood, the scourge of
men of worth, began again to swarm through-
out the country ; slaves were bribed to give evi-
dence against their masters ; pretenders to a.strol-
ogy were appointed to draw the horoscope of the
principal citizens, the emperor ordering those
to be i)ut to death to whom fortune promised
anything great or successful. — Tytlkh's Hist. ,
Book 5, ch. 8.
1954. EVIDENCE by Symbols. BarhnrianK.
Some of the northern barbarous nations use, at
this day, a mode of authenticating contracts by
symbols, which is a nearer approach to the so-
lemnity of writing. After the agreement is made,
the parties cut a piece of wood irregularly into
two tallies ; each party keeps one of these,
and both are given up and destroyed when the
bargain is fulfilled. A custom of this kind suj)-
poses a state of society where all agreements are
of the simplest nature ; for these tallies, though
they might certify the existence of a contract,
could never give evidence of its tenor. — Tyt-
ler's HrsT., Book 1, ch. 3.
1955. EVIl overruled. Henry VTIT. The ori-
gin of the Ueformation in England is to be traced
to a cause still more remote from the real inter-
ests of religion than that which gave rise to the
Reformation in Germany. As early as the middle
of tne fourteenth century, the learned Wicllffe
had begun an attack against many of the abu.ses in
the Church of Rome, both in his sermons to the
people and in his writings. . . . Such was the
state of things at the beginning of the reign of
Henry VIII., who was a prince zealou.slv at-
tached from education to the doctrines of the
Church of Rome ; but he was yet more addicted
to the unrestrained gratification of his passions,
and this, in fact, was one of the minor though
immediate causes of the Reformation in Eng-
land.— Tytleu's Hist., Book 6, ch. 20.
1956. EXAOOEBATION, Barbarian. MojeaUi.
The barbarian princes [undenAttilaJ confe.s.sed,in
the language of devotion or flattery, that they
could not presume to gaze, with a steady eye, on
the divine majesty of the king of the Huns. —
Gibbon's Rome, ch. 34, p. 391.
1957. EXAOOEBATION detected. S<imvel
Johnson. The king then asked him what he
thought of Dr. Hill. Johnson answered that he
was an ingenious man, but had no veracity ;
and immediately mentioned, as an instance of U,
an as.sertion of that writer, that he had seen
objects magnified to a much greater degree by
using three or four microscopes at a time than
by using one. " Now," added Johnson, " every
one acquainted with microscopes knows that
the more of them he looks through the less the
object will appear." " Whj- " replied the king,
"this is not only telling an untruth, but telling il
clumsily ; for, if that be the ca.sc, every one wlio
can look through a microscope will be able to
detect him." — Bosweli.'s Johnson, p. 151.
195§. EXAOOEBATION, Impious. Political.
There was launched from the Hague, in March,
l()o3, a virulent royalist piece in Latin, under tht^
title of liefjii mngninis clamor ad cmlum (Cry of
the King's blood to Heaven against the Engli.sh
parricides). Its one hundred and sixty pages
contained the usual ro3'alist invective in a ratlier
common style of hyperbolical declamation, such
as that ' ' in comparison of the execution of
Charles I., the guilt of the Jews in crucifying
Christ was as nothing." — Milton, by M. Pat-
TISON, ch. 10.
EXAMINATION— EXCELLENCE.
233
lOAO. EXAMINATION needlew. SamnelJohn-
son. Mrs. Moiitiij^uo, a liuly (liHtinj^iiiHhed for
having writlon an essay on Shake si)earo, being
mentioned. Ueynokdh : " I think that essay does
her honor." Joiinhon : " Ves, sir, it does /ler
iionor, but it would do nobody else honor. I huvo
indeetl not read it all. But when I take up the
ood of a web, and tlnd it paek-tliread, I do not
expect, by looking farther, to find embroidery."
— Boswei.t/h Johnson, p. 104.
1960. EXAMPLE followed. Drnth. [The Mo-
gids invaded ('hina.l The ob.stinate remnant
of Independence and hostility was transported
from the land to the sea. But when the fleet of
the Bong was surrounded and oppres.sed by a su-
perior armament, their last champion leaped into
the waves with his infant emperor in his arms.
" It is more glorious," ho cried, " to die a prince
than to live a slave !" A hundred thousand Chi-
nese imitated his example ; and the whole em-
pire, from Tonkin to the great wall, submitted
to the dominion of Cublai. — Gibbon's Rome,
ch. 63.
1061. EXAMPLE, Instmotion by. Ganln.
[Siege of Rome.] Some of the barbarians employ-
ed in the siege, happening to pass by the place
where Pontius had made his way by night up to
the [Roman] Capitol, observed many traces of his
feet and hands, as ho had worked himself up the
rock,torn off what grow there, and tumbled down
the mould. Of this they informed the king, who,
coming and viewing it, for the present said noth-
ing ; but in the evening he assembled the light-
est and most active of his men, who were the
likeliest to climb any difficult height, and thus
addressed them : " The enemy have themselves
shown us a way to reach them, which we were
ignorant of, and have proved that th's rock is
neither inaccessible nor untrodden by human feet.
What a shame would it be, then, after having
made a iK'ginning, not to finish ; and to quit the
place as impregnable, when the Romans them-
selves have taught us how to take it ! Where it
was ea.sy for one man to ascend it cannot be dif-
ficult for many, one by one." . . The foremost,
having gained the top, put tliem.selves in order,
and were ready to take pos.session of the wall,
and to fall upon the guards, who were fast
asleep ; for neither man nor dog perceived their
coming. However, there were certain sacred
geese kept near Juno's temple. . . . Thej' imme-
diately perceived the coming of the Gauls, and
running at them with all the noise they could
make, they awoke all the guards. — Pn;TAKcn'.s
Camii.lus.
106a. EXAMPLE, Power of. Bitriotmn. A.n.
1774. But what most animated the country was
the magnanimity of Boston; " suffering amaz-
ing loss, but determined to endure poverty and
death rather than betray America and poster-
ity." Its people, under "the eyes of the [British]
general, disregarding alike his arm}', his proc-
lamations against a provincial congress, and the
British statute against town-meetings, came to-
gether, according to their ancient forms ; and
with Samuel A(iams as moderator electeri dele-
gales to the next provincial congress of Massa-
chusetts. — Bancroft's U. S., vol. 7, ch. 16,
1063. . Generai Jackson, 1812. Dur-
ing the winter Jackson's troops, unprovided and
starving, became mutinous.and were going home.
But the general set the example of living on
acorns ; then rode before the rebellious line, and
threatened with death the first mutineer that
.stirred. And no man stirred. — RiurATu'w U. 8.,
ch. 50, p. 40;{.
106-I. . Jo/in Jfiiss. A few months
afterward Jerome of Prague, the disciph! and
the friend of John IIuss, underwent the same
fate with his master, lie was a man of superior
talents and of great eloquence. The fear of deal li
was at first too powerful, and he signed a recan-
tation of his opinions ; but no sooner had ho
heard how his master had encountered death
than he was ashamed to live. He p\iblicly re-
tracted his recantation, preached forth his doc-
trines, and was condemned to the Hames. . . .
The.so executions were attended with conse-
quences to the emperor of which he ha<l little ex-
pectation. The succession to the kingdom of Bo-
liemia was opened to him by the death of hi.s
brother Winceslaus ; but the Bohemians were so
exasperated at the fate of their two countrymen,
that it co.st Sigi.smund a bloody war of sixteen
years' continuance before ho acquired the full
possession of these dominions. — Tvtlek's Hist.,
Book 6, ch. 11.
1064. . Petfir the Orent. The Slre-
litzes, a body of militia consisting of aboiit
30,000 men, like the Turkish Janizaries, had
frequently embroiled the empire by their sedi-
tions. Peter determined to abolish entirely this
dangerous body, and for that purpo.se began
with the formation of a regiment, which, by de-
grees, he increased to the numlwrof 13,000 men.
To set an example of subordination to Ids nobil-
ity, he served himself in the quality of a private
soldier ; thence advancing gradually to the rank
of captain and general officer. — Tytlkh's Hist.,
Book 6, ch. 35.
1066. EXAMPLE quoted. Samuel Jolnison.
Dr. Percy called upon John.soii to take him to
Goldsmith's lodgings ; he found Johnson arrayed
with unusual care in a new suit of clothes, a new
hat, and a well-powdered wig, and could not.
but notice his uncommon spruceness. "Why,
sir," replied Johnson, "I hear that Goldsmith,
who is a very great sloven, justifies his disre-
gard of cleanliness and decency by quoting my
practice, and I am desirous this night to show
liim a better example." — Ikvino's Goldsmith,
ch. 13, p. 91.
1067. EXASPERATION, Rashness of. Colonel
Ethan Allen. A.n. 177."). [lie failed in the at-
tempt to surprise ilontreal, and was taken pris-
oner.] At the barrack yard in Montreal, Pres-
cott, a British brigadier, asked the nri-soner,
" Are you that Allen who took Ticonucroga ?"
" I am the very man," quoth Allen. Then Pres-
cotl. in great rage, called him a rebel and other
hard names, and raised his cane. At this Allen
shook his fist, telling him : "This is the beetle
of mortality to you, if you offer to strike." —
Bancroft's U. S., vol. 8, ch. 53.
106§. EXCELLENCE, Cost of. Time. Antis-
thenes . . . when he was told that Ismenias played
excellently upon the flute, answered profwrly
enough, "Then he is good for nothing else;
otherwise he would not have played so well."
Such also was Philip's saying to his son, when
at a certain entertainment he sang in a very
234
EXCESS— EXCITEMENT.
I!
agreeable and skilful manner: "Are you not
ashamed to sing so well ?" It is enougli for a
prince to bestow a vacant hour upon hearing
others sing; and he does the muses sufHcicnt
honor if he attends the performances of those wlio
excel in their arts. . . . If a man applies himself to
servile or mechanical eniployn)ents, his industry
in those things is a i>roof of his inattention to
nobler studies. — Pmitauch'h Pkuici,ks.
I960. EXCESS, Beaotion of. Erecution of
C/iiirlt'M I. His long misgovernment, liis innu-
merable pcrrtdies, were forgotten. His memory
was, in the minds of the great majority of liis
subj(!Cts, as.sociated with those free in.stitutions
which lie had, during many years, labored to
destroy ; for tho.se free institutions had perished
with liim, and, amid the mournful silence of a
comnumity kept down by arms, liad been defend-
ed by his voice alone. From that day began
ii reaction in favor of monarchy and of the ex-
iled house — a reaction which never ceased till
the throne had again been set up in all its old
dignity. — Macaulay's Enu., ch. 1, p. 120.
197©. EXCESSES, Kuinous. Charles XII.
[King of Sweden.] His character, in a few words,
IS well summed up by Voltaire: "He carried
all the virtues of a hero to that excess that they
b(!came as dangerous as their opposite vices.
The obstinacy of his resolution occasioned all his
misfortunes in the Ukraine, and kept him five
years in Turkey. His liberality degenerating
into profusion ruined his kingdom ot Sweden.
His courage pushed to temerity was the occa-
sion of his death. His justice often amounted
to cruelty ; and in the last years of his life the
maintenance of his authority approaciied to tyr-
anny. His many great qualities, of which a sin-
gle one might have immortalized another prince,
were the ruin of his country. He never was the
first to atUick, but he was not always as prudent
as he was implacable in his revenge. He was
the first who had the ambition to be a conqueror
without the desire of aggrandizing his domin-
ions. He wished to gain empires only to give
them away. His passion for glory, for war, and
for revenge prevented his being a good politi-
cian, a quality without which there can be no
great conqueror. Before he gave battle, and
after lie gained a victory, he was all modesty ;
after a (lefeal he was all resolution, rigid to
others as to himself, counting for nothing the
fatigues or the lives of his subjects any more
than his own. He was, in short, a .singular man
rather than a great one — a character more to be
admired than imitated. — Tytlkh's Hist., Book
6, ch. 35, p. 482.
1971. EXCISE, Laws of. First English. The
first imposition of a tax known as excise was
l)y the Parliament after the civil war. Beer,
ale, cider, and perry were zo taxed in 1645. The
lloyalists raised money by a similar tax. Tliese
duties were continued at the Restoration, with
additional imposts on the new luxuries of tea
and coffee. In the reign of James II. there was
a temporary excise upon wine. In the reign of
William distilled liquors were thus taxed. The
customs duties were greatly diminished by frauds
of enormous magnitude. — Knigut's Emg.,
vol. 6, ch. 4, p. 69.
1972. EXCISE, Unexecuted. Robert Burns.
["When excise oflJcer,] a woman who had been
brewing, on seeing Burns coming with another
excise man, slipped out by the back door, leaving
a servant and u little girl in the house. " Has
there been ony brewing for the fair here the day '("
" Oh no, sir, we hae nae license for that," an-
swered the servant maid. " That's no true," ex-
claimed the child; "the mucklo black klst Is
fou' o' the bottles o' yill that my niither sat up
a' nicht brewing for the fair." ..." We are in
a hurry just now," said Burns, "but when we
return from the fair, we'll examine the muckle
black kist." — Siiairp's Buuns, ch. 5.
1973. EXCITEMENT, Delusive. Williain of
Orange. [In Devonshire] the very senses of the
multitude were fooled by the imagination. News-
letters conveyed to every part of the kingdom
fabulous accounts of the size and .strength of the
invaders. It was afHrmed that they were, with
scarcely an exception, above six feet high, and
that they wielded such huge pikes, swords, and
muskets, as had never before been seen in Eng-
land. — Macaulay's Eno., ch. 9, p. 452.
1974. EXCITEMENT of Discovery. Califor-
nUi Gold. In the evening of February 2, 1848,
James Marshall suddfuily rode into the fort —
his horse foaming, and both horse and rider spat-
tered all over with mud. The man was laboring
under wild excitement. Meeting Captain Sutter,
he asked to be conducted to a room where they
could converse alone. The astonished Sutter
complied with his desire, and they entered a se-
cluded apartment. Marshall closed the door,
and asked Captain Sutter if he was certain they
were safe from Intrusion, and begged him to lock
the door. The honest Sutter began to think the
man was mad, and wa.i a little alarmed at the idea
of being locked in with a maniac. He assured
Marshall that they were safe from interruption.
Satisfied, at length, upon this point, he took from
his pocket a pouch, from which he poured upon
the table half a thimbleful of yellow grains of
metal, with the exclamation that he thought they
were gold. " Where did you get it ?" asked Cap-
tain Sutter. Marshall replied that, early that
morning, the water being shot off from the mill-
race, as usual, he noticed, in passing along, shin-
ing particles scattered about on the bottom. He
picked up several, and, finding them to be metal,
the thought had burst upon his mind that they
might be gold. Having gathered about an ounce
of them, he had mounted his horse and ridden
forty miles to impart the momentous secret to
his employer, and bring the yellow substance to
some scientific test. Captain Sutter was at first
disposed to laugh at his excited friend. Among
his stores, however, he happened to have a boi-
tle of aqua-fortis, and the action of this power-
ful acid upon the yellow particles at once proved
them to be pure gold ! — Cyclopedia of Biog.,
p. 525.
1975. EXCITEMENT, Popular. Assassination
of Uasar, Mark Antony took advantage of these
fa'orable dispositions. The body beuig laid on
a couch of state in the forum, he mounted the
consul's tribunal, and after reading the decree
of the Senate, which had conferred upon Caesar
even the honors due to a divinity, he entered into
an enumeration of all his illustrious achieve-
ments for the glory and aggrandizement of the
state ; he then proceeded to recount the examples
of his clemency, and heightened all his virtues
EXCOMMUNICATION— EXPECTATIUN.
235
Willi tlju moMt j)!ith('ti(' eloquence. "By these
titles we htive sworn that his person should be
liclil sacred iind inviolable ; tmd here," said he,
" beholii the forcx' of our oaths." At these words
lie lifted up the robe which covered the body,
and holding,' it out to the people, who melted into
tears, lie showed it all covered with blood and
pierced with the daggers of the conspirators. A
ireiicral cry of vengeance was heard. — Tytlkh'b
Hist., liook 4, ch. 3, p. 416.
I07«. EXCOMMUNICATION or Honey. Pupal.
f Henry HI. had received ut the hands of the
pope th(! crown of Sicily for his son J]dmund.]
'I'he pope had really advanced a large sum, which
Henry could not repay ; and a Roman agent
<aine before Parliament, and followed up his de-
mand for instant payment by a threat of excom-
munication and general interdict. — Kniuht's
En(i., vol. 1, ch. 24, p. 367.
1977. EXCUSE abandoned. Li gar ins. In
Pompey's party [against Ca;.sar] tiiere wivs one
(Juintus Liganus, whom Cujsar had pardoned,
though he had borne arms against him. This
man, less grateful for the pardon he had received
than offended with the powers which made him
stund in need of it, hated Ciesar, but was the in-
timate friend of Brutus. The latter one day
visited him, and finding him not well, said, " O
Ligarius ! what a time is tiiis to be sick !" Upon
which he raised himself on his elbow, and taking
Brutus by the hand, answered, " If Brutus has
anv design worthy of liim.self, Ligarius is well."
— pLUTAKcn'8 Marcus Bkutus.
1978. EXCUSES, Ignominious. James TT. [He
had been accused of acting] undutif uUy and dis-
respectfully toward France [the national enemy
of England]. He led [the French minister] Baril-
lon into a private room, and there apologized for
having dared to take so important a step [as to
call a Parliament] without the previous sanction
of Louis. " Assure your ma.ster," said James,
' ' of my gratituile and attachment. I know that
without his protection I can do nothing. I know
what troubles my brother brought upon himself
for not steadily adhering to France. I will take
good care not to let the houses meddle witli for-
eign affairs. If I see in them any disposition to
make mischief, I will send them about their bus-
iness. Explain this to my good brother. I hope
that he will not take It amiss that I have acted
without consulting him." — 3Iacaulay's Eng.,
ch. 4, p. 425.
1979. EXECUTION, Brntal. J)nke of Mon-
mouth. The hangman addressed himself to his
office ; but he had been disconcerted by what
the duke had said. The first blow inflicted only
a slight wound. The duke struggled, rose from
the block, and looked reproachfully at the exe-
cutioner. The head sank down once more.
The stroke was rejieated again and again ; but
still the neck was not severed, and the body con-
tinued to move. Yells of rage and horror rose
from the crowd. Ketch flung down the axe with
a curse. " I cannot do it," he said ; " my heart
fails me." " Take n\) the axe, man," cried the
sheriff. " Fling him over the rails," roared the
mob. At length the axe was taken up. Two
more blows extinguished the last remains of
life ; but a knife was used to separate the head
from the shoulders. The crowd was wrought
up to such an ecstasy of rage that the executioner
was In danger of being torn in pieces, and was
conveyed away under a strong guard. — Macal -
lay's Eno., ch. 5, p. 581.
1980. EXECUTION, Inhuman. Kirke. [(;om-
mander under James II. ; execution of rebels
under tlu; Duke of Monmouth.] Tlie sign-po.st
of the White Hart Inn served for a gallows. It
is said that the work of death went on in sight
of the windows where the officers of the Tangier
regiment were carousing, and that at every healtli
a wretch was turned off. When the legs of the
dying men quivered in the last agony, the col-
onel ordered the drums to strike up. He would
give the rebels, he .said, music to llieir dancing.
— Macaui,ay"8 Eno., ch. 5, p. 587.
1981. EXEBCISE, Important. Military. So
sensible were the Romans of the imperfection
of valor without skill and practice, that in their
language the name of an army was borrowed
from the word which signifletl exercise. Mili-
tary exercLses were the important and luiremitted
object of their discipline. The recruits and
young soldiers were constantly trained, both in
the morning and in the evening, nor was age
or knowledge allowed to excuse the veterans
from the daily repetition of what they had com-
pletely learned. Large sheds were erected in the
winter quarters of the troops, that their useful
labors might not receive any interruption from
the most tempestuous weather ; and it was care-
fully observed that the arms destined to this
imitation of war should be of double the weight
which was required in real action. — Gibbon's
Rome, ch. 1, p. 13.
198SI. EXEBTION, Absorbed by. Napoleon
I. [The night before the battle of Waterloo.^
For eighteen hours the emperor had tasted nei-
ther sleep, repose, nor nourishment. His clothes
were covered with mud and soaked with rain.
But regardless of exposure and fatigue, he did
not seek even to warm himself by the tires. —
Abbott's Napoleon B., vol. 2, ch. 27.
1983. EXHIBITION, Immense. Centennial.
The entire area of the ground floor [of the Main
Building] was 872,320 square feet ; of the floors
of the projections, 37,344 feet ; of the tower floors,
26,344, making an aggregate area of 936,008
square feet, or 21 and ^ acres ! The ground
floor proper covered a space of a little more
than 20 acres. [Length, 1880 feet ; breadth, 464
feet ; general height within, 70 feet ; principal
arcades, 100 feet high.]— Ridpath's U. 8., ch.
68, p. 577.
1984. EXPECTATION, Delusive. Columbun.
[On his second voyage.] One old man brought
two pieces of virgin ore, weighing an ounce, and
thought himself richly repaid when he received
a hawk's bell. On remarking that the admiral
was struck with the size of these specimens, he
affected to treat them with contempt, as insig-
nificant, intimating by signs that in his country,
which lay within half a day's journey, they
found pieces of gold as big as an orange. Other
Indians brought grains of gold weighing ten and
twelve drachms, and declared that in the country
whence they got them there were masses of ore
as large as the head of a child. As usual, how-
ever, these golden tracts were always in some
remote vallej', or along some rugged and seques-
tered stream ; and the wealthiest spot was sure
236
EXPECTATIONS— EXPERIMENT.
to 1)0 at llio Rrciitost (lUliinco — for tlic liiiid of
promise is ever beyond the mountain. — IiiviNo's
Coi.UMnuH, Hook (J, cii. t.
I»«5. EXPECTATIONS, Popular. Cinl War.
It WHS said at tlio hc^'inninfj of llic war tliat
while cotton would " l)nn|; Europe to its l<neeH,"
llu! Houtliern privateers would cut tip the com-
merce of the North, and soon briiijj the merce-
nary and money-makinf? spirits of that section
to repentance!. Neither result was realized. —
Pol.I.AUD'rt FlllHT YKAII OK TIIK \V.\H, ch. H,
p. aia.
19»ii0. EXPEDITION, Bemarkable. Fernando
(It; Si)U>. At Ids own dictation Ih; was . . . ap-
pointed [a. I). \^'A1\ j^overnor of Cuba and Flor-
ida, with theprivile^oof exploring and conquer-
ing the latter couiitry. . . . A great company of
young Spaniards, nearly all of them wealthy
and high born, flo{;ked to his standard. Of
tlutso he selected 60U of the most pdlant and
<laring. Tlicy were clad in costly suits of armor
of the knightly pattern, with airy scarfs and
silkou embroidery and all the trappings of chiv-
alry. Elaborate preparations were made for the
groat conquest. . . . Arms and stores ; shackles
. . . for the slaves ; tools ; . . . bloodhounds
were bought an<l trained fo- the hunting of fugi-
tives ; cards to keep the yotmg knights excited
with ganung ; twelve priests ; and, last of all, a
drove of swine to fatten on the maize and mast of
the country. . . . After a year of impatience and
delay . . . the gay Castilian squadron, ten ves-
sels in all, left the harbor of San Lucas to oon-
(luer imaginary empires in the New World.
tA constantly wasting number marched from
Florida northward and westward, until over-
come by melancholy and exhaustion. I)e Soto
died, and was buried in the Mississippi River
near Natchez. Mexico was no longer sought.
After great sufferings the 311 heart-broken fugi-
tives reached the Gulf.] Thus ended the mo.st
marvellous expedition in the early liistory of our
country. — RroPATn's U. S., ch. 4, p. 66.
1987. EXPENSE, Divisions by. Thirteen States.
After [the Revolutionary War] the first great
duty or the new government was to provide
for the payment of the war d(;bt, which had
now reached the sum of l|!8H,000,000. Congress
could only recommend to the .several States
the levying of a suflicient tax to meet the
indebtedness. Some of the States made the
required levy ; others were dilatory ; others re-
fused. At the very outset the government was
balked and thwarted. The serious troubles
that attended the disbanding of the army
were traceable rather to the inability than the
indisposition of C^ongre.ss to pay the soldiers,
'■'^he princely fortune of Robert ^lorris was
exhausted, and himself brought to poverty in a
vain effort to sustain the credit of the govern-
ment. For three years after the treaty of peace
public affairs were in a condition bordering on
chaos. ... It was .seen unless the Articles of
Confederation could be replaced with a better
system, the nation would go to ruin. [Ilencc
came the present national union of the Slates.]
— Ridpath'8 U. S., ch. 4.\ p. 358.
19§8. EXPEBIENCE, Oaidanoe of. Bartholo-
mew Dia^. [Exploring the west coast of Africa.]
As the ships advanced toward the south, the as-
tonishment of the navigators was unbounded
wlien they found the weather daily growing cold-
er. This was contrary to all past exi)erience.
No Europtan had ever before gone far enough
south of the eepiator to discover that the temper-
ature lowt'rs as you go south of the (!(pialor in
the same; proportion as when you go north of it.
This fact was the first great discovery of Dias
and his followers. — ('vci.oi'KDIa ov Bioo.,
p. 285.
1989. EXPERIENCE, Needless. WarofWVi.
The waters of Lake Erie were commanded by a
liritish squadron of six vessels, carrying sixty-
three guns. It was seen that a sticcessful inva-
sion of Canada could only be made by first gain-
ing control of the lake. This serious undertak-
ing was impo.sed on Commodore Oliver H. Perry,
of Rhode Island, a young man not twenty-eight
years old, who had never been in a naval battle.
His antagonist. Commodore Barclay, was a vet-
eran fnmi the sea-service of Europe. With in-
defatigable energy Perry directc^d the construc-
tion 01 nine ships carrying fifty-four guns. [After
the battle] he sent to General Harrison this fa-
mous despatch : " We have met the enemy, and
they are ours — two ships, two brigs, one schoon-
er, and one sloop." — Ridpatii's U. S., ch. 50,
p. 401.
1990. EXPERIENCE, Personal. John Howard.
[The vessel in which he was sailing for Lisbon
was captured by a French privateer, and all on
board were made pri.soners of war.] He now . . .
was (!alled to endure the angiiish " which wretch
es feel," and which he spent laborious years in
a.s.suaging. The privateer was forty hours in
reaching the nearest French port; and during that
time the prisoners had not a drop of water nor
an atom of food. Arriving at Brest, they were
thrust into a filtliy dungeon imder ground, and
there again they were kept miserable hours
without nourishment. At length a joint of
mutton was thrown down into their dungeon,
like meat into a dog-kennel ; and this, for want
of a knife, they were obliged to tear to pieces
with their hands. For six days and nights they
were detained in this damp and stinking bole,
gnawing bones, and .sleeping upon wet straw.
[This was the; beginning of his great life-work in
ameliorating the sufferings of i)ri.soners.] — Cy-
clopedia OK Bioo., p. 34.
1991. EXPERIENCE, Test of. Samuel John-
son. The conversation then took a philosoj)bi-
calturn. Johnson : " Human experience, which
is constantly contradicting theory, is the greatest
test of truth. A .sj'slem, built upon the discov-
eries of a great many minds, is always of more
strength than what is produced by the mere
workings of any one mind, which, of itself, can
do little. There is not so |)oor a book in the
world that would not be a prodigious effort were
it wrought out entirely by a single mind, with-
out the aid of prior investigators. The French
writers are superficial, because they are not schol-
ars, and so proceed ui)on the mere power of their
own minds ; and we .see how very little power
they have." — Boswki-l's Johnson, p. 135.
199ie. EXPERIMENT, Incomplete. Professor
Benjamin Silliman. [The great American scien-
tist.] An instance of the lecturer's want of skill
used to be related by Prof es.sor Silliman. After in-
forming the class, one day, that life could not be
KXPEHIMENT— EXPULSION.
237
siiHtniijcd in liydrogcn pis.ii linn whh pliuu^d unde^r
II Jm!|1 glims filled with hydrogen. The hen gasp-
ed, kit^ked, and wus still. " riicro, goiillcrucn,"
.said the liicturor, "you kco she is dead." lie had no
.sooner uttered th(!.se words than the hen over-
turned the hell glass and tlew Hcreaining across
the room, flaj)ping with her wings the heads of
the Htudcnis, who roared with laughter. — Cv-
CI.OIM'.DIA OK UlO(l., p. fJO?.
I»ft:|. EXPERIMENT, Soientifio. haac Xnr.
lull.. On the (lay of ('roinweH's death, when
[SirLsaiur] Newton was sixteen, a great storm
raged over all England, lie used to .say in his
old ag{!, that ontliat day he made his lirst imrely
s{!ientili(' e.xperiinent. To ascertain the force of
the wind, he first jumi)ed with the wind and then
iigainsl it ; and hy comparing these distances
wi''i the c.vtent of liis own jump on iicalm day,
he was cnahled to compute! the force of the
storm. Wlum the wind bhnv thcn^iifler, he used
to say it was so many feel strong.— ('yci.oI'KDIa
oi-' 15i<h;., p. 248.
I»ft I. EXPERT by Practice. Sir (icorficJcf.
fni/H, During many years his cliicf business was
to examine and cross-e.xamiiie the most hardened
mi.screants of a great capital. Dail^' conilicts
with ))rostitutes and thieves called out and exer-
cised his powers so circK'tually, that he became
the most consummate bully ever known in his
profession. All tenderness for the feelings of
others, all self-iespect, all sense of the becoming,
were obliterated from his mind. lie accpiired a
boundless (tomiuaiid of the rhetoric in which the
vulj^ar expre.ss hatred and contemj)!. The pro-
fusion of maledictions and vituperative epithets
which composed his vocabulary could hardly
have been rivalled in the fish-market or the bear-
garden, llis counttMiance and his voice must al-
ways have been unamiable ; but these natural
advantages — for such he seems to have thought
them — he had improved to such a degree that
there were few who, in his paroxjsms of rage,
could see or hear him without emotion. Impu-
dence and ferocity sat upon his brow. The glare
of his eyes had a fascination for the unhappy
victim on whom they were fixed ; yet liis brow
and eye were said to be less terrible than the
savage lines of his mouth. Ills yell of fury, as
was .said by one who had often heard It, sounded
like the thunder of the judgment-day. These
((ualitications he carried, while still a young
man, from the bar to the bench. — il.Vc.vuLAY'rt
En(i., ch. 4, p. 418.
1995, EXPLANATION, Relief by. Lou in Phi-
h'pp;'. [A. disgui.sed exile, with a great reward
oifered for his arre.st. ] Once, and once onl}', he
heard his ancestral name pronounced. Having
spent a day in the country with the family at
whose house he boarded (in Christiana, Norway),
just as they were about to summon their vehicles
to return to the town, a young man of theimrty
cried out in French: "The carriage of the
Duke of Orleans !" Penetrated with alarm, the
prince had self-control enough not to betray any
agitation ; and seeing that the young man did
not look at him, he ventured to inquire in a care-
less tone why he had called the I)uke of Or-
leans' carriage, and what relations he had with
the duke. " None," replied the youth; "but
when I was at Paris, whenever we came from
■ the opera, I heard repeated from nil quarters,
' The carriage of tlus Duke of Orleans.' I havo
been more than once Htunned with the noise,
and I just took it into my lieud to make the samu
exclamation." The iirincc;, as may be imag-
ined, was much relieved by this explanation. —
C'Yci.orKUiA OK Hiod., p. 500.
1996. EXPOSURE of Purpose. James IT.
[Clarendon, Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland, and
Halifax, Lord-Treasurer of England, two noted
Protestants, were dismi.sscMl from olllce.] TIkj
dismission of the two brothers is a great epoch in
th(! reign of James. From that time it was clear
that what he n^ally wanted was not liberty of
conscience for tlit; members of his own church,
but lilieity to lU'rsccute the members of other
churches. Pretending to abhor tests, he had
himself imposed a test. 1I(; thought it monstrous
that able and loyal men should be excludeil from
the public service solely for being Uoman Cath-
olics. Yet 111! had turned out of olUce a treas-
urer whom he admitted had been both loyal and
alile, solely for being a Protestant. The cry
was, tiiat a general |)roscription was at haiul,
and thill «'vcry imblic functionary must mako
uj) his mind to lo.se his soul or lose his place. —
.M.\c.vi:i,ay's En(1., ch. 0, p. 1 IH.
1 997. EXPOSURE, Threat of. /.VvV/w of J,i win
11. |Tyrcoiiiiel was anxious to 1)(> Lord-ljieutcn-
aiil of Ireland.] All opposition, howc^r, yii^ld-
ed to Tyrconners energy and ciimiing. lie
fawned, bullied, and bribed indefatigably. Pe-
trel's \\\.'\\t was secured by flattery. SundiTland
was plicil at once with i)romises and menaces.
. . . Tyrconnel threatened to let the king
know tli.'it [Sunderland] the lord jiresident hiul,
at the Friday dinners, described his Majesty
as a fool, who must be governed either by a
woman or by a priest. Sunderland, pale and
trembling, otrcred to iirocure for Tyrconnel su-
jireme military command, enormous appoint-
ments — anything but the vice-royalty ; but all
compromise was rejected ; and it was necessary
to yield. . . . With a chain of pearls he . . .
boasted. . . he had inirchased the support of the
queen. [lie succe(;ded.] — Macai.i.ay's Eno.,
ch. 6, p. 145.
199S. EXPULSION of Scholars. Jnmfi^ IT.
[The fellows of Magdalen College refii.sed to vote
lor James' nominee for ])resi(lent, as ho favor-
ed the overthrow of the Protestant faith.] Then
the king, as he had threatened, laid (m them
the whole weight of his hand. They were by
one sweeping edict condemned to expulsion.
Yet this i)unishmcnt was not deemed sufticient.
It was known that many noblemen and gentlemen
who possessed church patronage would be dis-
I)osed to provide for men who had sulTered so
much for the laws of England and for tLj
Protestant religion. The High Commission
therefore pronounced the ejected fellows inca-
l)able of ever holding any church preferment.
Such of them as were not yet in holy orders
were pronounced incapable of receiving tho
clerical character. James might enjoy the
thought that he had reduced many of them
from a situation in wliich they were surround-
ed by comforts, and had before them the fairest
professional prospects, to hopeless indigence.
But all the.se severities produced an effect direct-
ly the opposite of that which he had anticipated.
I
See No. 2.]— Macatlay'sEno., ch. 8. p. 279.
238
EXTERMINATION— EXTRAVAGANCE.
I
1000. EXTEBHINATION, War of. ijueen
AiiHi'n W'lir, The Intliaiis vuriisii(!tl wlit'ii their
lioiucs wiTo Inviulfd ; tlicy ct)ul(l not Itc rc-
«l\i<'i'<l by the usual methods of wiirfivre : lience a
bounty wuh olTeiXMl for every Indiim Heul|) ; to
rejtuhir forccH . . . the ^rant was £10 ; to vohui-
te«'rs in actual Kcrviee twice that sum ; but if men
would of themselves . . . mak(^ ui> parties and
l>alroi the forests in search of Indians, as . . .
for wild beasts, . . . i'oO per scalp. — 15.\.n-
tuorr's r. S., vol. '.\, eh. :21.
2000. EXTORTION complete, /v n <i I n ii d.
Fion^ehamp [who had ehar^fe of the JOnf,dish
Government wi the absence of Uichard I., tlit;
iTUsaderl and his revellers had so e.\liausted,the
whole kmu'dom, that they did not leave a man
IiIh belt, a woman Ix'r necklace, nor ii nobleman
his ring. — KxittiiTsENo., vol. 1, eh. 22, p. 315.
aOOI. EXTORTION, Cruel. Jnrs.i [In 1211]
the memorable expedient of drawing a tooth
<laily from a Jew at Bristol, imtil he paid down
10.000 marks, is recorded in eonneetion with
tlu! expedition of [King .lohn] into Ireland. —
KiNKiiiTs Kn(1., vol. 1, ch. 23, p. 3;5!).
200i2. . M<imichuHittHCoh)ini. The
sinnmcr of 1(121 was uid'ruitful, and tlie pil-
grims wer(! brought to the point of starvation.
To make their condition still more grievous, a
new company of emigrants, without provisions
rr stores, arrived, and were (juartered on the
t'oloiusts during the fall and winter. For six
months t()g(!ther the .settlers were obliged to
subsist on half-allo\'iinc(!. At one time only a
few grains of i)arche(l corn remained to be dis-
tributed, and at another there was absolute des-
titution. In this state of affairs English Hshing
vessels came to Plymouth and charged the starv-
ing colonies two prices for food enough to keep
them alive. — HiurATn's U. S., eh. 13, p. 125.
2003. EXTORTION, Dilemma in. Jfenri/VIL
The chief aim of the king was the a(!cunmlatiou
of a treasure which should relieve him from the
need of ever appealing for its aid. Sub.sidies
granted for the support of wars which Henry
evaded formed the base of royal treasure, which
was swelled by the revival of dormant claims of
the Crown, by the exaction of lines for the breach
of forgotten tenures, and by a host of petty ex-
tortions. Benevolences were again revived. A
dilemma of Henry's minister, which received
the name of " Morton's fork," extorted gifts to
the exchequer f-oni men who lived handsomely
on the ground that their wealth was manifest,
and from those who lived plainly en the plea
that economy had made them wealthy. Still
greater sums were drawn from those who were
compromi.sed in the revolts which checkered the
king's rule. — Hist, of Eng. People, § 496.
2004. EXTORTION of Oovernment. Charles
I. [In 1633 Charles I. employed a commission
to harass every owner of a new house, by levy-
ing enormous fines or commanding the houses
to be pulled down. There had been proclama-
tions by James and Charles ag' "nst the incTease
of buildings in London, in order to preserve the
health of the city ; fines were accepted in lieu
of removal of buildings. A ilr. Moore was fined
£2000 by the SUir-Chamber for not huvinir pulled
his houses down by Easter.] — I\.\i<iUTs Eng.,
vol 3, ch. 26, p. 416.
aOOA. EXTORTION miinamed. Kilward I V.
Edward IV. had been accustomed to plunder hl4
subjects under the name of " Benevolences,"
wh((;h practice the Duke of iiuckingham defined
to be " that every man should pay, not what ho
of his own good-will list, but what the king of
his own good-will list to take." — Knuiut'sE.nu.,
vol. 2, ch. 12, I). IIH),
ilOOO. EXTORTION, Outrageoni. lliniuniH in
Uri/oii, [The Uoman otllciiils, after theconipicst
of Briton,) sei/.cd u])on the corn, luid mudt; tlit;
people buy it for their own consumption. —
Knuiht's En(i., vol. 1, ch. 3, p. 35.
ilOOr. EXTORTION, Royal. Iticharil Tf. In
the face of his declared amnesty for all ollVnccs,
he extorted tines from fifteen counties, to whoso
l)opulation he imputed crimes connected with
the levying of arms in 13«7 [eleven years pre-
vious). Under forced confession of treason dono
at that period, he compelled rich individuals to
give blank obligations, which his olllcers filled
up with large sums, having no limitation 1 ut
their despotic caprice. — K.moht's Eno., vol. 2,
ch. 2, J). 32.
aOO§. EXTORTION, Submission to. Mntrrnt
CramiiM. [He was charged with wasting] his
money upon those who made a trade of impeach-
ments to jireveiit their doing him any harm ; it
was 11 circumstance w Inch exposed hiui to ridi-
cule, and unworthy, i)erhai)s, of the character*
of Pericles and Aristides, but nece.ssiiry for him,
who had a tinndity in his nat\ire. It was a thing
which Lycvu-gus the orator afterward made a
merit of to the j)eople ; when censured for hav-
ing bought off one of these trading informers,
" I rejoice," said he, " that after beinjj .so long
employed in theadnunistration, lam discovereci
to have given money, aiul not taken it." — Pt,u-
TAllCll'8 NUIAS ANU CHASSIS Co.Ml'AUEI).
3000. EXTRAVAGANCE, Domestic. RHinril
II. Uichard's household consiisted of ten thou-
sand persons ; be had three hundred in his kitch-
en ; . . . all hisofflc^es were furnished in like jiro-
portion. — Knkiht's Eno., vol. 2, ch. 2, p. 23.
aOlO. EXTRAVAGANCE in Food. Coffee nmt
Tea. In the reign of George I. it was held that
"the luxury of the age will be the ruin of Ww
nation ;" one of tiie proofs of this degeneracy
was that " the wholesome breakfast of water-
gruel and milki)ottage is changed for coffee and
tea." — Knioht's Eno., vol. 5, eh. 2, p. 24.
2011. EXTRAVAGANCE, Oppression by.
Charles I. \\\\\\^i the people were starving be-
neath the weight of oppres.sion and forced loans,
so that for the first twelve years of the reign of
Charles I. scarcely any one dared to call hi>i
property his own, and a morning never roso
upon an English family which was not dreaded
as the possible herald of some new oppression, it
is quite curious, and moves to a natural indigna-
tion, to notice the enormous sums expended by
the King on diamonds, jewels, and chains of
gold, either for himself or for personal presents.
We read of £10,400 paid to < .le William Rogers,
a goldsmith ; we read of £10,000 paid to Philip
Jaeob.son, a jeweller, for a ring, etc. ; we read
of £2000 paid to Henry Garway, Esq. , for one
large thi(^k table diamond ; we read of £8000
paid to Sir Manrill Abbott for a diamond set in
a collar of gold ; and, in fact, their lie before us
KXTRAVAOANCE— FACT8.
230
It loiiK ('ntalofj:ue of Niinilur iUtniH, in<licittiiiK tho
ifckloHH ('XtriiviiKiin<'« <>f H»t) king. — Huod'h
I'UOMWKM,, ell. )), p. fSf).
SlOlil. EXTBAVAOANCE of wounded Pride.
Ai/itl WiUiiiin J'itl. [\iy ncccptinj; llu) peerage
IIS liord (/'liiitliiini he lost his poixilurlty willi tlii;
pco])!*^ mill his power wIlli I'urliimu'iit.] A
iiiorhid rcslit'ssiu'ssuowlcd lilni to j^rcat, uiiil cx-
lrava;^aiit cxiu'Iihc, in wliicli lie vifd willi IhoHis
who wcrc! no nioru than his ('(pials in Iho pccr-
ajjc, hill who won! hcsidcs the liiiicritorH of vast
eslati's. He would drlvu out with ten outridt'is
and with Iwocarriafjcs, each drawn hy six horses.
Mis vain nia^rnilUrencu deceived no oiu; hut him-
self, and was hut the poor relief of huinlilid
pride.— Hancuokt's U. H., vol. (t, cli. ill.
aOi:i. EXTBAVAOANCE rebuked. Woxfitiir/fon.
A simple shad wascaiii:;ht in the Delawan; in Feb-
ruary. . . . When tlu( tlsli was served, Washinf;-
toii suspected a departure from his orders loueh-
iiu; tli(i provision to be made for his talll(^ and
said to Fraunces, ..." What fish is this •{" " A
shad, a very tine shad," wa.s the reply ; " I knew
vour Kxcelleney was parli(^ularly fond of this
kind of fish, and was so fortunate as to jirocure
this one in market — a solitary one, and tin; first
of the sea.s()n." "The price, sir; the price!"
continued Washington, in a stern, commandinj;
lone ; "the price, sir ?" " Three — three — Ihret?
dollars," stainmijred the coiLsc^haiee-stricken
steward. " Take it away," thundered the chief —
"take it away, sir; it shall never be said that
my table sets such an exainj)le of luxury and
extravagance." — Custis' Washinoton, vol. 1,
ch. 21.
3014. EXTBAVAOANCE, Buinous. RomanH.
[(;ato the Ceii.sor reproved tlie Uoinans for their
extravagant habits.] One day when the Romans
clamored violently and unseasonably for a dis-
tribution of corn, to dissuade them from it lie
thus began his address : " It isa ditlicult task, my
fellow-citizens, to speak to the belly, becau.se it
hath no ears, " Another time, complaining of the
luxury of the Romans, he said : " It was a hard
matter to save that city from ruin, where a fish
was sold for more than an ox." — Pi.utaucu's
C'ato.
3015. EXTBEHITT, Desperate. Siegeof Rome.
[See No. 207«.] A crowd of spectres, pale ami
emaciated, their bodies oppressed with disea.se
and their minds with despair, surrounded the
l>alace of the governor, urged, with unavail-
ing truth, that it was the duty of a master to
maintain his slaves, and humbly requestfd
that he would provide for their subsistence, per-
mit their flight, or command tlieir immediate
execution. Bes.sas replied, with unfeeling tran-
(|uillit3% that it was impossible to feed, unsafe to
(iismi.ss, and unlawful to kill, thesubjectsof the
emperor. Yet the example of a private citizen
might have .shown his countrymen that a tyrant
cannot withhold the privilege of death. Pierced
by the cries of five children, who vainly called
on their father for bread, lie ordered them to
follow his steps, advanced with calm and silent
despair to one of the bridges of the Tiber, and,
covering his face, threw himself headlong into
the stream, in the presence of his family and the
Roman people. — Gibbon's Rome, ch. 43, p. 255.
3016. EXTBEHITT, Mitenble. Bntona. Pul-
cheria, the sister of Theodosius, who had in real-
it v governed the empire during the whole reign
of her w<!ak and In.signitlcant brother, now bold
Iv plac<;d lierN<>lf on tlie throne, and at the same
time marri(!<l Marcianus, a soldier of fortune, and
thi.'ir joint-title was acknowledged l»y the Eastern
Empire. The West was in the lowest slate of
imbecility. Rome, unabh; to defend her prov-
inces, allowed them to dro]) olT without an at
leni|)t to retain them. It was at this time that
the Hritons, by a very melancholy deputation,
ini|ilored Hit! Romans to ]irotect them against the
I'icis and Scots. " We aii'," said they, " in thc!
utmost misery, nor havi! wc any refuge left us ;
til" barbarians drive us lo tiie sea, the sea drives
ut iiack upon tin; liarliarians. " In return to this
miserable sunplication, tlu^ Romans gave them
lo underslaiKl that their own NJIualion was such
that they could nov alTord them nothing hut
coini)a.ssioii. — Tvti.ku'h Hist., Hook 5, ch. 5.
30I7. EYE, Disfigured. S<i»i>iil Johnmn.
Young Johnson ha<l llie niisfortuiu! to be much
atllicted with the .scrofula, or king's evil, which
disfigured a countenance naturally well formed,
and hurt his visual nerves so much, that he did
not see at all with one of his ey<'s. though its
appcMirance was little diiTerent from that of the
other. There is among his j)rayers one inscribed
" Wlien VI ji KVK UHH rexlond to if« live." — Bos-
wki.i/h Johnson, p. 0,
30IS. EYES, Useless. SiamiKe Jtinkn. Great
clumsy junks were lying here and there at
anchor, with two great eyes in their prows, to
let them see their way on W\v sea — the natives
believing that they are as necessary to a ship as
to a man. [Seen at Bangkok.] — Gknkual.
Guant's Tkavkls. p. 3(52.
3019. FACTIONS, Dangerous. Constoufinoplf.
The city . , . had been harassed during the two
la.st reigns with violent popular factions, which
had arisen from the intemperate fondness of the
people for the diversions of the circus — a strik-
ing indication of the most irretrievable degener-
acy of national character. The factions took
the names of the green, the blue, and the red,
from the dresses worn by the charioteers of the
different parties. Justinian espoused with zeal
the faction of the blue, while his queen Theo-
dora, with eciual intemperance, took part with the
green. Her party proceeded so far as publicly
to in.sult the emperor ; and upon the punish-
ment of some of their ringleaders took up arms
to avenge their cause, and proclaimed Hypatius,
a man allied to the blood-royal, for their mon-
arch. Justinian appeared and oilered indeni-
nitj-, on condition of their returning to their
duty, but they compelled him to retreat for safety
to his palace. — Tytleu's Hist., Book .'5, di. 5,
p. 23.
3030. FACTS assumed. Arixtotlc. lie mis-
states many things which lie could have verified
with the utmost ease. He sjiys, for example,
that a man has more teeth than a woman, and
that the ox and the horse have each a bone in
its heart. Mice, he informs us, die if they drink
in summer ; and all animals bitten by mad dogs
go mad, except man. He also says that horses
Feeding in meadows suffer from no disca.se ex-
cept gout, which destroys their hoofs, and that
one sign of this disease is the appearance of a
deep wrinkle beueatli the nose. — Cyclopedia.
OF BiOG., p. 562.
840
KAIM'HE.
•iOill. FAILURE, Befflnnlng with. I)nn,>».
thi'iifit. Ill Ills (list mIdrcMM to 11m> pcoiilc . . . wiim
luii>flic(l iitaixi iiitrrnipti'd by their rliiiiiors ; for
tlio violctici! of Ills nmiiiicr tlin^w liiiii into :i
conftiMioii of pcriodM, iiiid ii diHtorlioii of Ids
itrgtiiiicnt. HcsidL', liu Imd ii wcukiicss mid u
Ntiiiniiiciiii^ in Ids voice, iiiid ii wiinl of brt'iitli,
wiiicli ciiiiHcd swell ii distraction in lilsdUeoiusc,
tliiit il VMis (IllUcidt for tint luidiciico to under
Htiind liiin, At last, upon IiIh (luiltln^ the as-
HCdildv, lOiinoinus, the- riiraclan, a man now ex
trcinclv old, foiiiui him wanderin<{ in adejecled
condition in tlie I'lriuiis, and look upon him to
set him ri;rht. " Vou," hmuI lie, " have a man-
ner of spcaklnij very lik(! that of I'ericlcs ; and
yet you loso yourself out of mere timidity anil
cowardice, Vou neither hear up a^rainst the
tumults of a i)o])ular assemhly, nc- prepare your
body by exercise! for tlus laitor oi the rostrum,
but sutler your i)Mrls to wither awav in lU'irll-
piic(! and indolence." — I'm taik ii's J)i;xi()h-
•I'llKNKS.
aO*i«. FAILURE, Game of. Fimt Cihh; The
cable WHS found, ]ilcked up, and joined to the
rest ; and this wonder of tiie world was accom-
I)llslied. 'I'lie cabl(; was taken out of tliu ocean
\vlier(! it was two and a half miles deep. " In
takinif up the lirst calile," .Mr. Cooper continued,
" the cau-<e of the lirst failuni was dlseovered.
In i>assin;j it into th<! vat manufactunid for it
■where it w.is intended to lie under water, the
workmen iie,ulccl<'d to keep it immersed, and on
nnc! occasion when the sun shone very hot down
into the vat, its rays melled the ifuttaiiercha, so
tiiat llic copper wire inside sunk down ajrainst
the ouier covering." — Lkstkh'.s Likk uv I'ktkk
Cooi'Kit, ]). 27.
30tt:t. FAILURE, Discouragement by. BiKJiop
M'h'cndnc. lIlc! became cefl'bratcd as a pulpit
cirutor, yet he | hardly escaped total discomliluro
in his first trial. At one of his appointments,
after singing and prayer, ho took his text, aiul
attempted to look at his audience ; but such was
liisemliarrassment, that he (u)uld not lift his j-yes
from the IJiblotill he finished his sermon. After
the .sermon Ins host left the hou.se, supposing the
jireacher woidd follow him ; but not seeing him
l»e returned to tlie church, and there found liim
scftted on the lowest step of the i)ulpit stairs, his
face covered with Ids hands, looking forlorn and
dej(!Ct(!d, as if he had not a friend on earth.
lie invited him to go home with him. M'lven-
dree said, in a mournful tone, " I am not tit
to go home with nnybody." — Sticvkns' M. E.
Cucucn, vol. ;{, p. ^'!}.
204 1. FAILURE at First. Jiufdr of Mohritz.
FredcMick's tirst battle was fought at Molwitz,
and never did the career of a great commander
open in a more inauspicious manner. . . . The
( avalry which he commanded in i)erson was put
to flight. Unaccustomed to the tumult ami car-
nage of a field of battle, ho lost his self-pos.ses-
sion, and listened too readily to those who urged
liim to save himself. His English gray carried
liim many miles from the field, while Schwerin,
though wounded in two places, manfully upheld
the day. The skill of the old field-marshal and
the steadiness of the Prussian battalions prevail-
ed ; and the Austrian army was driven from the
field with the lo.s3 of 8000 men. The news was
carried late at night to a mill in which the king
had taken shelter. It gavA him a bitl4<r piuig.
lie was Hiiccessful ; but lie owed his succcm to
dispositions which olliers had ma<l(t, and to the
valor of men who had fought while lie wiui (ly-
ing. Ho un|iromiNing wat tlio (Irst appeariin<-u
of the greatest warrior of that age 1 — Macau-
I.AV'h Fl{|;itKUI{'K TlIK (hlKAT, p. Jill,
ilO!l5. FAILURE by Inoomp«teno«. Linndoa
<if i'liniidd. Vast pnparalions were now maiiii
tor tint invasion of Canada |by the lirllisli|. . . .
Milt for I he utter incomjM'tencoof |Sir llovendeii
Walker) the admiral, success would have Im-cii
assured. For six weeks in midsiimnK! Ihegn-at
fleet lay idly in Hoston harbor. Sir llovendeii
was getting ready to sail. . . . The Indians car-
ried the news to Canada, and every day added
sirengib to the ramparts. At last, on the HOIhof
.luly, when no further excuse could be iiiveiitcil,
the shi|)s set .sail for the .St. Lawrence. . . . On
till! !L,"Jd of August were enveloped In a fog.
'I'lie wind blew liard. . . , 'l"h»! commander wa.*
cautioned to remain on deck, but he (juietly
went to lii'd. . . . Eight of his best vessels "('ro
dashed on the rocks . . , HM. men weiil down. , . .
A council of war was held, and all voleil that il
was iin])(issible to proceed. In a letter to the
English (iovernmenl. Walker expres.sed great
gratitude that by the lo.ss of 1(M)() men the rest
had been swwdfroiii Jrirziny to dattk at Qucbcr.
— HlDl'ATUH L. S., cli. 17, p. l.Vt.
JIOJMI. FAILURE, lesson of. MinnriiiH. [iMi-
nuciiis, tli(! Koiiian general, was envious of^tho
success of ''abius Maximus, who had lield the
chief command of the Uoman army operating
against Hannibal, lie obtained cominand of a
l)art of the army, and was overwhelmingly de-
feated by tlie Carthaginians in an luiwise attack.]
iMinucius, having culled his men together, ho
thus cxi)ressed himself: "Friends and fellow-
soldiers I not to err at all in the management of
great alTaiis is above the wi.sdom of men ; but it
is the jairt of a prudent and a good man to huirn,
from his errors and miscarriages, to correct him-
self for the future. ... I confess. . . what I could
not be broujiht to l)e .sensible of in so long a time,
I have learned in the snudl compass of one day
that I know not how to command, but have need
to be under the direction of another ; and from
this moment I bid adieu to the ambition of get-
ting the better of a man whom it is an honor to bo
foilctl by. In all other res|)ects the dictator .shall
be your commander ; but in the due expressions
of gratitude to him, I will be your leader still,
by being the lirst to show an example of obedi-
ence and submis.sion." — I'l^LTAUcurt Fauius
.Maximis.
2027. FAILURE in Life. Rohcrt Burim. If
success were that which most si'cures men's sym-
pathy, Burns would have won but little regard ;
for in all but his poetry his was a defeated life —
.sad and heart-depressing to contemplate beyond
the lives even of most poets. Perhaps it may b«
the v(!ry fact that in liim so much failure and
shipwnsck were combined with such splendid
gifts, that has attracted to him so deep and com-
passionate interest. — Suaiiip'b Buuns, <h. 1.
202§. FAILURE, Bi^al. Spanish Armada.
This vast project was dissipated like a summer's
cloud. The English met the Invincible Armada
with 100 ships of smaller size and 80 fire-ships.
The fire-ships attacked them in the night, which
FAM I KKS FAITir.
^41
threw them Into f ho u(mo»it ronfimlon ; iin i-ii
mijjcmrnt ciiMiicfl, 'ii wlilrli Hie KiiK'i^l' wire
mvorcfl by n storm, whi<li dnivc the Spaiiliinls
uiK)n lliccoiwt (if Zralaml ; iniiiiy of iliclr vcmwIm
Wf-ro taken, ii jrrrni niirnliiT licatcn to pifccH
\i|>on Hut rockH anil Hand liankM, and only ."lO
Hlii|m with alioiit tkMtO tnin of all this prodi^rjoim
iirnianicnl rclnrncd liiHiiain. When inti'lli^rcnci'
>r thin gn-al national niHfoiliinr arrivt'd al Mad
rid, th(t tx'havior of l'liill[> | II. | ujion that or
I'aMiou was, it nnist lir owned, truly nia;;n!iid
iiroUH. " (ItMl'n liolji irill Im\ )/i>i,f," -aid lie ; " /
t/u)ii(//it tiil/m/f II iiiiifch Jiff thf ixiirci- <if h'tii/filiiil.
hut I (lid iiitt nirli nil fo fli/li/ iii/niiDif tin iliiiuntii."
— TvTMoiiH IliHT., Hook ((, ih. 2(t. p. ;JTO.
9<hl0. FAILURES miianderitood. (h-imir
Whittfidil. (The lairnint,' of Wliileliclcl's Orphan
MoUMc, near Savannah, oeeasioned the failure of
tilt) OHlensiliii! (IcMi^rii of its founder, lint | it liiid
a<u:oinplislied ii^realiT rcMult, whl( li wan dcstin
cd never to fail : it had lieen the eenlifof Ameri-
i'an iittnietion to its founder, had jiii 'iipted his
thirteen passa^eH aeroHs th(! Atlantic, and had
thus led to those extraordinary evanj^elical lah<irs
and travels, from Oeor^^iii to Maine, which (piiek
ened the spiritual life of llus continent. — Htk-
vknm' iM. 1', ('miittif, vol. 'A, p. r»t).
tl030. FAILURES in Frofeuions. Olinr nold-
»uiith'n. [He met Dean Ooldsmith.) TliiHtui;^UHt,
diffnitary was pleased to discover si^jnsof talent
in Oliver, and suirijestcd that as tie had altcnipt-
ed divinity ami law witliout success. In; shoidd
now try ptiysic. Tlie advice came from too itn-
jiortaiit a source to he disregarded, and it was
diattrmiiK-d to send him to Edinhur<.'h to com-
meiue his studies. The dean law iim >;ivcn the
advice, added to it, we trust, his lilessin;?, Iiul
no money ; that was furnished from the scantier
purses of (Joldsmith's lirotlicr, his sister (Mrs.
Ilod.son), and his ever-ready uncle, Contariiie.
It wax in the autumn of 1752 that (loldsmith
arrived in Kdlnliui I.. — IiiviNd's Goi.K-^Mrru,
ch. 3, p. yr.
a03l. FAILURES lurmoanted. Admitir. (U-
hle. After a t'W weeks of successful opera-
tion, the first A I hint ic (tabic;, laid by Mr. P'ield in
lHr»H, had ceased to work. 'I'lie friends of \\\v.
enterprise were yreatly disheartened. Not .so
with Mr. Field. . . . Ih; mfulc fifty voya,<res acrosM
tlu! Atlantic, and tinally .secured sufUcicnl capi-
tal to begin the layinj^ of the second cable . . .
in 1865. When the steamer Great Eastern had
proceeded more than twitlve hundrcHl miles [from
JrelandJ, . . . the cable parted and was lost. Si.x
millions of money had been spent in unsuccess-
ful attempts, t still he pcrsever(!d. In July of
iy6« a third t able, two thousand milesin length,
was coiled in the (Jn'at Ea.stern, and again tlu;
ves.sel started on her way. This time tlie work
■wa.s (Himpletely successful. After twelve years
of unremitting efTort Mr. Field nK-eived a gold
medal from the Congnjss of liis country and tla;
plaudits of all civilized nations. — Uidi'atu's
U. 8., ch. 67, p. 545.
9©3a. FAITH conditioned. Jo/in liiinyan. His
wife had been overtak(!ii by a premature con-
tincmcnt, and was sulTering acut<;ly. It was at
the time when Bunyan was exercised with (pii;s-
tions alK)Ut tlie truth of religion altogether. As
the poor woman lay crying at his side, lie had
said, mentally, " Lord, if Thou wilt now re
move this sad adlicthm from my wife, nndcauMo
Unit she be I roil bled no more therewith tlilsnii^hl,
then I hIiiiII know that Thou canst disci<rn the
more secret thonghtH of IIk^ heart." In ii mo-
ment the pain ceased, and she fell into a hieep
which lulled till moriiiiii;. Kunyan, Ihoiigii
Murpris<'d ai ihr lime, forgot wliat had happened
till it lushed buck u|Min his ineinnry, when Iim
had eoiiimiiied him.Helf by a Mimilar mental ii.h-
M'llt to selling Clirisl. III! reliiemlM red the
proof which liad been given to him tli;:l. (iixl
( (iiild and did discern his thoughts. <!<.d hud
discerned this seeond Ihou^dit also, and in pun-
ishing him for it had punished him at the muik)
lime for the doubt which he had allowed him-
self to feel. " I should have believed His word,"
he said, " and not have |iut an ' if ' upon the all-
sceirigness of (Jod." — 1''ii(iiiii;'h I!i'nv.\n, ch. 4.
UO:i:i. FAITH, Defender! of the. J In. r// I f/f.
One of the tirst champions of the see of Itonio
who took up his pen against liUther was Henry
Vlll , King of Kngland — the |Hrson who wo
shall see U'camc a few years ii/ierward the most
inveterate enemy of tlu^ pope's juri.sdielion.
Henry had Ihiii educated in all the siibtletieH of
tlu! schools, and was fond of passing for a man
of learning, and an adept in tlx; vain philosophy
of the times. ll(> asked leave of I^eo to read and
to e.xainine the works of IjUthcr, wliicli at that
time Were |inihibitcd under pain of excommuni-
cation : and in a short titin; he composed a trea-
tis(' in defence of the sttven .Hacranieiils, iinainst
the attacks of I,ulliei, which was received by
I'ojie Leo (who very probably never read it) with
the highest ap|)robiition. Henry and his succes-
sors (in return fortius service done to the church)
had the title givi n them of /lifinilrrH of (hi;
/;«y//.— Tvti.i;u'h Hist., IJook (i, cli. ^0, p. 20;!.
!20:t't. FAITH despised. Hcu-nce. A just and
severe' censure liius been inllicled on the law of
(the Kniperor .Julian] which |irohibite(l thetJhris-
tians from teaching the arts of grammar and
rhetoric. 'I'lie motives alleged by the emperor
to justify this partiiil and oppressive! measure
might command, during his liletime, tlie silence
of slaves and i Ik; applau.se of flatterers. Julian
abuses the ambiguous meaning of a word which
mij'ht lie indilTerently ajijiiied to the language
anil the religion of the Greeks; lie contempt-
uously (lb erves, that the men who exalt the
merit of implicit faiih are unfit to claim or to en-
joy the advantages of science ; and lie v.iiuly con-
tends, that if they refuse to adore tins gods of
Homer and Deniostlu^nes, they ought to content
them.selves witli cxjioundiiu' l,uke and Matthew
in the chur<!heH of the Galihcaus. — Gujuon'h
UoMi , ch. 2;{, p. 442.
20;J.5. FAITH, Fed by. Giorrie MMUr. Chil-
dren's ( lotliing, wearing apparel, new and sec-
ond-hand, material for dresses, ladies' liairs, pin-
cushions, lu e lle-ca.ses, toilet-covers, antimacas-
sars, pen-wipers, sofa-cushions, etc., etc., were
received and dis])o.sed of for ttie benefit of the
institution. Sometimes it would liappeai that at
nine o'clock in tht; morning there were no pro-
visions in the houses, neither was there money
in hand to purchase the food needed for the din-
ner ; then, in answer to tlie earnest cries of those
wlio were engaged in the work, money was re-
ceived in time to procure supplies and get the
meal ready by the dinner hour at one o'clock ;
Ui
KAITII-FALMHIlOorv
1
liiit ofU>n iifU-rwiinl IImt<> wuh millilniir left for
xii|i|MT. Another united prayer iiieelInK wmm,
Iherefore, lieM, In order lliut llicy iiiIkIiI lieneeeli
tlie Lord inerrirully lo iippeiir on their iN-hitlf :
iind thU lie Inviiriul'ly did.— Likk dk Okouok
Miki.i.KK, p. at).
aO:i6. FAITH InTlgortUd. f>ifflnilli>M The
4'iiiiteniporuries of .MoNe.s ititii .lo.sjiiia hiiil heheld
\^illl cureh'HH Inditfereiiee tlie inoNt iiniii/.in^ inir
luh'H. I'lider tlie pres.siire of every ciiliiinltv,
the liellef of thoxe niiriuleM Iiiim preserved tfie
JewH of II inter period from tlie iiniverHal eoiitii
^'ioti of idolitlry ; imd In contrudlellon to every
known principli' of Ihf hiinmn mind, that Nliipi-
liir peoph; seem to have yielded ii Hlroii^er and
more ready iiNsent to the IradllionMof their re
mole ancestors than to the evidenee of liieir own
KcnseH.— ( JinnoNH HoMi:, eh. I."), p. rdO.
aoar. FAITH, Living by. aionjfi MnU,r. In
1{ri>tol, as at. 'rei;;nmoiith, thoiii^h he eonliniicl
to live without, any reirniar income, (}o(l never
iiilo\M'd him nor fiis family to want, mid, with
llie Apostle Paul, lie was fjfcuerally ahle to say,
"I hav(; all and alioiind." On the other hand,
however, it is rl;;ht to stale, that times withoul
numher his faith was .sorely tried — heeause wlieii
(tod jrives faith lie always tries It ; but when
ever there was no money I'fl, instead of lieintr
«lis<'oura.L;ed, lii^ and his beloved wife would
kneel down and ask (lod ^raeioiisly to send
them lielp ; which, sooner or later, was liivaria
biy granted. Sometimes it iia))pencd, too, that
not only was there no money left, but. that,
nil th( provisions likewis«' in the house wereifone
' — a tryinj; state of things indeed ; the; Lord
never .siitTered them, however, to be confounded.
— liiKK OK Gkoikik Mn.i.Kii, p. 'iA.
ilO»N. FAITH, Power of. I'liriham. There
is notliin>^ more remarkabh', in tin; course of
this civil war, than the fact that men who had
just come from the in.irket and plou^ii should
meet the Ctivaliers on thcur own Kro'ind, iind de-
feat them. The Hoyaiists prided theniselveH on
tln'ir military character ; war was their trade
and tin ir boast ; swordsmen, they profcs-sel to
be skilled in all the discipline and practice", the
field. It wa,s tlieir ancestral character ; il was
the crest and crown of their feudalism, and, de-
feated in war, they had nothing; further to boiust
of. llow wa.s it ? Tlu! history w(i hav(\iriven in
some degree; explains it ; but the principal rea-
son, after all, is found in the liiglier faith. Look
lit the watchwords of the two armies as they
rushed on to conflict: "Truth and Peace!
" Cio(i is with us !" " The Lord of llost.s !" .such
mottoes contra.st favorably with " The King and
tiueen Mary !" " I Icy ! n)r ('avalicirs !" or even
that of " The Covenant !" These men charged
in battle as if In-neath the eye of (Jod ; to them
it was no play, but business : they knew that
they rushed on, many of them, to their death,
but they heeded not, for their spirit's eye caught
visions of waiting chariots of tire, and'horses of
tire, hovering round the field ; and they ad-
vanced to the conflict, mingling with the roar of
musketry and the clash of steel the .sound of
jisalms and spiritual songs. — IIood'h Ciiom wei.l,
tb. 6, p. 103.
a039. FAITH, Victory by. Sir Hnirt/ Vane.
[After the restoration of Charles IL, Sir Henry
Vane, who supported the Commonwealth, was
pronounced giillly of IrciiHon, nnd confWiml in the
I'nvser. Ills enemieN urged IiIn execution. Ilii
writes his wife from prison :| " They tliut pre.sM
MO eiirnestly to carry on my trial do little know
what presence of (hid may be alTorded me In It,
and isNiie out of it. to the magnifying of Clirlst
In my Uidy, by life or by deatli. Nor can they,
I am sure, fmagiiie how much I desire to In' dls
solved and be with Christ, which of all tlilngM
that can befall me I accounl IhebeHt. " — Kniuiit'ii
I:noi.,\.ni>, vol. I, ch. 1*1, p. ::'(I4).
ilOiO. FAITHFULNESS rewarded, //.v thf
Pio/d)'. (Ill lti;J7 William Prynne was lirouglit
up from Ills prison with his ears sewed on, to Ih^
imnlshed by the HtarChamber for publlNliliig
a book against Sabbath breaking. Also came
Henry Iturton, who had olTended in a sermon,
and in a tract. And Hobert Itastwlck, who had
publiNlied prelacy us identical with po|M>ry. Kach
wcri' lined ITilKMI, lo be degraded from llieir pro
fesslons, to be |ilaced in the pillory, to have tlieir
ears cut olT, and tlieir cheeks and foreheads
iiranded, and lo bi^ conllned for life In distant
trisoiis. Three years later their priiiclph's liave
Kiriie fruit. Their pelilions reach the llou.se.
These prisoners were ordered to Ik' brought lo
Lotidon. Hiirlon and Prynne made a triumph-
al entry. Haillle says, "Never here siu'h ii
like show : about a thousand horse, and.as.somt?
of gooil note say, above four thousand ; above ii
hundred coaches and, as many say, above two
hundred." Hnslwick retunu'd with trumpel.H
sounding, and torches liiiridng, and a thousand
horse for his convoy.]— Knkiii 'h En(1., vol. \i,
ch. '2H, p. 444.
SI04 1 . FALSEHOOD, Confirmed in. Cfinrlfn I.
Cromwell, wo believe, all along used thecircum
Hliuu-es as they tnmspired as l)est lie could.
What would we have had him do? When the king
wuH con(piered, would we have had him i)luce
the conquered tyrant once more upon the throne,
without any promise or constitution ? We havo
He(!n that there wiih no reliance on his faith ;
yet there are those who liave ever a good word
for him. Hut ho could not bo true, In; could
not bo sincere. " I wonder you don't leave ofT
this abominable custom of lying, (JJeorge," said
Lord Muskorry to the celebrated George Hooke,
when they were wuling together. " I can't help
it," sakl George. "Pooh! pooh!" said his
lord.sliip ; " it may ho done by degrees. Bupposc;
you were to liegin by uttering one truth a day !"
If Cliarles had only told the truth "fry degrees,"
had he been sincere only now and then, he
might have been saved! lie signed the death-
warrant of his best friend and strongest servant.
Lord Strafford, aftiir he had most faithfully
pledged that he woidd rather lose his crown than
perform such an act of unfealty, and " on the
word of It king" beciinK! a i)rovin'b and byword
from that circumstance through all ages. Then
(lime the revelations of the letters seized on the
field of Naseby. Then, when tho king was in
the power of the Parliament, Cromwell desireil
to save him, and Cromwell was willing to do .so.
The king hud appealed to him, in hi.s despair,
from the Isle of Wight ; nnd the letters, in the
saddle-bags of the king's private messenger, to
the (|ueen in France, seized at the Blue Boar, in
llolborn, revealed the king as saying of Crom
well, whose hand was graciously at liis own
PALSKiroOD-FAMK
243
]K'ril Having liiiii, " lli> llilnkM tliiit I iiiiiy confir
u|)(iti liliii tint (litrti'r Hint till) Slur, hut I nIiiiII
know ill ^(mmI IIiiic Iiow Id tU IiIm iicrk ton Iml
Icr I"— l|o<»l>'rt ClloMWKI.I,, ill. U, p. IHI.
tlO<l4. FALSEHOOD, OoTtrnmanUl. lionnimrlf.
It Im (lilllciill III ilricriiiiiic wlictlitr Ills iiriiclii
iiiiilioiis lo till- |M'i>|ili- of K^yi'l <>■* l>'^ <l«'M|mlrli
<'H to till* Kri'iicli Directory ((inlulii tlic ^riiilrr
iiiiiiilicr c>f licH iiiul i'.\ik^')j;i'riitii>im in rctVrciii'itii
ills Hyriiiii «'ii!iipal^ii. — Knkiiit'h Kn<i., vol. 7,
til. W, p. :«SI
ilOin. FALSEHOOD, Growth of. S<im<iii John-
Kiiit. VVIiili' we wiTf at. lirciikriiHt, .liiliii.soii kuvc
u very curiM'Nt rccuniinciDlutioii of wliut in* liiiii-
Hi'lf prmttiHi'il with llii) iitiiiosi, consclciithiiiM-
iicHM : I iiiniii iiNtrict utlciitloii to truth, cviii In
tlir iiiost niliiiitii piirtlculurM. " Accustoin voiir
('liii(lrc-n,"s<il(| he, " coriMtuntly to this ; it' a tiling;
happt'iii'il at our window, and they, wlicii rcliit
iii^ It, miy that it liapiu'iicd at another, do not
let It pitNM, hut instant ly cheek I hem ; you do not
know where deviation from truth will end." . . .
" It Ih more from carelessnesH about truth than
from intentional lyin^ that then; in no much
falsehood In the world. " — HoswKi.l.'H.loiiNmtN,
|>. Util.
ilOII. FALSEHOOD juitifled. It n .h'HiiUs.
[When lleiiry (Jarnel, a .lesult, wan tried as a
«'oiisplrator in the Oiinpowder Plot, lieexpres.sed
liis pMieral prinelpleH In a naix'r written befon;
his trial. He had been made privy to tlK'desjpii
through th(! confessional. ) " ('oncerniii^j e(|iiiv-
ocatlon, this Is my opinion : in moral alTairs, and
in the common iiiterc(»urs(t of life, when the
truth is asked ainon;; friends, it is not lawful to
use i'(iuivo('fttlon. Hut in cases where It becomes
ii'cessary to an Indlvhival for his defence, or for
uvoidin>r any injustice; or lo.ss, or for obtaining
any important advaiilaK<'> \vith()ut danger or
mischief to any other person, there e(jui vocation
is lawful." Ill an examination after the trial he
uoes further, and holds that an oath ndght bo
lawfully ii.sihI to confirm a simple e»iuivocatlon.
"In cases of lawful etiuivocatioii, the speech by
e(|uivooatioii being .saved from a lie, the same
speech, without jHTJury, may bo conflnned l)y
oatli, or by any other usual way, though it were
by n'ceiviii'' the sacrament, if lust necessity so
require." — Kniuiit'h Enu., vol. 3, cli. 21, p.
337.
ilO'lft. . S(imnel Johnmn. We
talked of the casuistical <piestioii. Whether it was
allowable at any time to depart from Tnttlif
Johnson; "The general rule is, that Truth
should never be; violated, becau.se it is of the ut-
mo.st imjjortance to the comfort of life, that we
should have a full security by mutual faitli ;
and occasional inconveniences should be willing-
ly suffered, that we may preserve it. There
inu.st, however, be some exceptions. If, for in-
stance, a murderer should ask you which way a
man is g(me, you may tell him what is not true,
becau.se you are under a previous obligation not
to lu'tray a man to a murderer." Hoswkm, :
" Supposing the person who wrote ' .Junius ' were
asked whether lie was the author, might he deny
it r" Johnson : " I don't know what to .sa^" to
this. If you were xiive that he wrote ' Jumus,'
would you, if he denied it, think as well of him
afterward ? Yet it may be urged, that what a
man has a right to ;tslv you may refu.se to com-
municate ; and there is no other elTectual mode
of preserving a secret and an lin|M>rtant sicn-l,
the discovery of which iiiiiy lie very hurtful to
vou, but a tfal denial ; for If you are silent, or
hesitate, or ev ie, It will Is' held e<|iilvaleiit to
luonfessloii. Kill htay.slr; here Is anoihercasi-.
Supposing the author had told meconlldenllallv
that he had written ' .luniiis,' and I were asked if
he had, I should hold myself at liberty lo deny
It, as Is'liig under a previous promise, express
or implied, to conceal It. Now what I ought
to do for the auilior, may I not do for myself T
liut I deny the lawfulness of telling a lie ton
sick man, for fear of alarming him. Vou liavo
no business with conse(|uences ; you are lo tell
the truth. Hesides, you are not sure what ef-
fect your telling him that lie Is In danger may
have. It may lirliig his distemiier to a crisis,
anil that may cure him. Of all lying, I liavo
the greatest iiohorreiiceof this, because I bellevn
it has been fre(|Ueiilly practised on myself." —
iioswKi. I, s Johnson, p. 7\'M.
ilO'lO. FAME belated. John (^iiinn/ AdaniM.
Mis career was In many respects remarkable. He
had been minister to tlve different Kuropeaii
courts. Senator of the I'lilted States, appolntetl
to the Supreme bench, had been eight years S(!i;-
relary of Slate, and four years I'rcsiilent. . . .
lint it may fairly be doubted whether if hlsproH-
ideiicy had closed his {iiiblic life, his fame would
have attracted special observation. . . . Hut la
his sixty-tlftli year, when the public life of tho
nio.st favored dravs to a clo.se, tlu; nobh; and
shining cari'cr of Mr. Adams began. Ileentenil
the Mouse of Keoresentatives in 1H31, and for
the remainder of his life — a period of seventeen
years — he was the one giand figure in that assem-
bly. . . , His warfare ... in favor of ttie liuin-
blest to pelitiou for redress of grievances iiro
among the memorable events in the parliament-
ary history of the L'niU'd Slates. It was in a largo
degree the moral courage of his position that
first fixed the attentiim of the country, and then
attracted its admiration. — Ulaink'u TwkntV
Vkaus ok ('onoukkh, p. 69.
ilO-17. FAME by Competition. Sir Willinrm
Parry. In order to be very much di.stingu shcil
in this busy world, it is necessary to do .soims
thing that nobody else ever did. Admiral Parry
could boast that he had been nearer the Nortii
Pole thJln any other human being. It is doubt-
ful if a polar bear ever went nearer, or even li
seal. Four hundred and ninety-tive miles moro
would have brought him lo the pole itself, and
he would have lived forever in history as the
first man who ever performed that feat. — Cvti.o-
I'KDI.V OK Hiou., i>. 3H.").
3048. FAME, Costly. Sir Walter Scott. In
those days of high jjostage Scott's bill for letters
"seldom ci.ine under i'l.'iO a year," and " as to
coach i)arcels, they were a perfect ruination. '
On one occasion a mighty package came by post
from the I'nited Slates, for which Scott had to
pav .£5 sterling. It contained a .MS. play called
"I'he Clierokee Lovers," bj- a young lady of
Xew York, who Itegged Scott to read and correct
it, write a prologueandepilogue, getit puton the
stage at Drury Lane, and negotiate with C-'onsta-
bte Or Murray for the copyright. In about a
fortnight another packet not les.s fornddable ar-
rived, cliarged with a similar postage, whicli
•2U
V\MF,.
rtcott, not, /^jrown ciuilious llirouph cxpcrii'iicp,
ic(!kl('S.sly oju'iicd ; out jumped ti (liiplicatc copy
of " The (.'lierokce Lovers," with ii swoiitl U-ttcV
from tht! iinthori'ss, .stilting tliat as tlic wcallicr
had hcori stormy, and she feared tliat soniellr "c
nii^ifht have liaiipciicd to her former Ms. , she hau
thoiij^'lit it pni(l(!nt to send hiin a duplicate. —
Hutton'h Scott, ch. 1:;^.
ilOlO, FAME by Discovery. Xorf/i-in.st /'nsKHf/c.
Martin Froi)ishcr, an Eniilishman, well versed
ill various naviiralion, had revolved the desiirn of
accomplishinu; the discovery of tlie N'orlh-wesl-
ern pitssage, esteeming it " IIk^ only thing of
the world that was yet left undone, by which a
notahle mind might he made famous and fortu-
nate." — liANciioKT's Ilisr. OK U..S., vol ], ch. ;j.
2050. FAME, Distant. IJuroln. Since Garilial-
di overthrew the JJourhon King of >{ai)les, and
th(! unification of Italy, Sivily tias felt thi; sjiirit
of the age, and various modern improvements
have been made, and among them the laying
out of several new avenues, one of wliich bears
the naiiK; of Lin(;oln. — TiiAVKi.a ok (j}knj:h.\l
GilANT, p. lot).
a05 1 . FAME, Impostor's. Uf'fin of CharliH JL
The tale of Oates . . . sullicient to convulse tlie
wiiole realm, would not, until confirmed by oth(T
eviiience, sullice to destroy thebuml)lest')f those
whom lie had accused ; for, by the old hiw of
England, two witnesses are necessary to establish
a ciiarge of treason. Hut tlu; succiiss of the first
impostor produced its natural "on.sequences. In
a few we(!ks he had been raised from penury and
ob.scurity tooi)alenee, to power which made liim
the dread of princ ;'j and nobles, and to notoriety
such as has for low and bad minds all the attrac-
tions of glory. lie was not long without coad-
jutors and rivals. — Macaui.av's Enc;., ch. 2,
V. 223.
20^2. "^'AME by Infamy. AmiKsination. A
yoiJ'"': Su-xon, twenty years of age, named Von
d(!r bullin, was arre.-.ted in Paris. He confi'ssed
iliat it was his intention to as.sassinate the emper-
or, and thus to immortalize liis own name by
connecting it with that of Napoleon. [lie was
confined, but i:ot executed.] — Ahuott's Nai'o-
i.EON B., vol. 2, en. 11.
aOiSa. FAME, locality for. Nnpohon T. "Eu-
rope," said he, ' ' presents no fields for glorious ex-
ploits ; n() great empires or revolutions are to be
found but in the East [He had contpiered
the Italians and the Austrians.] . . . My glory
is declining. This little corner of Europe is too
.small to supply it. AVe must go to the Ea.st. All
the great men of the world have there acquired
tlK!ir celebritv." — Ahhott's Nai'oi.kun B., vol.
i,ch. 10.
2051. FAME, Perverted. Cohnn/tim. Of all
the wrongs done to the memory of Columbus,
l)erhap8 the, greatest was that which robbed him
of the name of the new continent. This was b(>-
.stowcd upon one of the icnst worthy of the many
adventurers whom the genius and success of
Columbus had drawn to the west. . . . [Amer-
igo] Vespucci's only merit consi.xed in his recog-
nition of the fact that the recent discoveries were
not a portion of that India already known, but
in reality niiotlier continent. — Ridpath's U. S.,
ch. 3, p. r,o.
2055. FAME, Posthamoni. Columbm. (,'olum-
bus ... in his lifetime met witli no adetiuale rec-
onip(!nse. The self-love of the Spanisli m(i;iarcli
was ollended at receiving from a foniignerin liis
employ benefits loo vast for re(|uital ; and tin;
contem]i()r!U'ies of the great navigator persecuted
the merit which they could not adequately re-
ward. — Bancuokt'sHist. oI'' V. S., ch. 1.
2056. FAME regarded. C'lnro. In Decem-
ber it was known lliat an agrarian law would bo
at once pr<>posed under jilea of i)roviding for
Pompey's troops ; and Cicero had had to decidu
whether he would act in earnest in the spirit
wliich he had begun to show when the tribunes
bill was under di.seu.ssion, or would fall back
iq)on resistance! with the rest of his Jiarty, or
evade the ditlicult dilemma by going ou foreign
service, or elst' would simply ab.sent himself from
Home whihi the struggle was going ou. "I
may eit'ier resist," he said, " and there will i'<!
an ho'!orabIe figlil ; or I may do nything, and
withdraw into the country, which will b(! hon-
orable also ; or I may give a(.'tive help, which I
am told Cu'sar exiiecfjf of me. . . . What will
history say of me six hundred years hence ? I
am moreafrai<l of that than of the chatter of my
contemporaries." — Fuouue's C/ESAU, ch. 12.
2057. FAME, Sudden. ZordBi/ron. The fame,
how(!Ver, of ],,ord Byron dates from his twent}--
fourth year, when the publication of the tirst
cantos of " Childe Harold" levealcd to FIngland
the full splendor of his talents. . . . " I .-iwokcs
one morning," said he, "and found my.self fa-
mous." . . . Such was his popularity atone time,
that ten thousand copies of one of his poeni.s
were sold on tht! day of its publication at a price
equal to nearly .f 10 each. But his errors as a man
soon lost him the esteem of hi.s countrymen ;
he was almost as extravagant as his father, and
(juite as dissolute, and, like his father, he squan-
dered the fortune of his wife after ho had ceitsed
to be a husband to her. — Cyci.oi*eui,» ok Bioo.,
p. 294.
205»«. . "BtrnerH Rreet Hoax."
[Theodore Hook l)et a guinea that in one week
lie could make a neat and modest house the
most famousin all London.] The bet was taken,
and in four or five days Hook had written and
])osted one thoitHdud letters, annexing orders to
tradesmen of c\crv sort . . . all to be executed
on one parliciUar day, and as nearly as po.ssible
at a fixed hour. From "wagons of coals and
jrotatoes, to I)ooks, ])rints, feathers, ices, jellies,
and cranberry tarts," notliing whatever available
to any human lieiiig but was commanded from
.scorcsof rivid dealers, scattered all over the city-.
. . . The mayor and his chai)lain were invited
to iak(; the death-bed confession of a peculating
common councilman. There also came the
(lovernor of the Bank, (^hairman of the East In-
dia Conqiany, the Lord Chief Justice, and the
Prime Minister, . . . his Grace the Archliishopof
Canterbury, and his Uoyal Highness the {'oni-
niander in Chief. [All came at the call of
Hook's letters.] They could not all reach Ber-
n( r's Sti'eet. — S.mii.ioh' BiuIlK Biogi{aimiiks,
p. W'A.
2050. FAME, Trials of. Sir Walter Scott.
At one time as many as ni.rlecn jjurties of visitors
uiiplied to see Abbotsford in a single &,\\.
I'trangers — esper'ially the American traveller«.
FAME— FAMILY
245
of Ihiit (lay, who wrro miuli Ickh reticent and
more irrei)reHsil)l(! tlian tin; AiiK-iifau IravellfrH
of this — would coniu to him without iiUnxluc-
tions, faeetiouHly cry out " I'rodif;^'*"** •" '" iuiita-
ticuiof Dominie Sampson, .it whatever they were
Hliown, inquire whether the new house was called
Tu!!yveolan or Tillytudlem, cross-examine, with
o|)en note-bookH, as to Hcott's ajrc; uiid the aicc
oi' his wife, and appear to be taken (juile Ity sur-
l)rise when they were bowed out without U'lui^
asked to dine. — IIutton'k Scott, ch. 12.
20(iO. FAME undesired. Emperor Maj-imiii.
Tiu! eni'jH'ror of the East cunmiauded a disci-
plined and veteran army of above 70, 000 men ;
:ind Ijicinius, who had collected about JJO.OOO
Ulyriaus, was at first oppressed by the su])crior-
ity of juimber.s. His military skill and the
liruuiess of his troops restontd the dav. and ol)-
tained a ileeisivo victory. The incredible speed
which .Maxinuu exerted in his llijjjht is nuu'h
more celebrated than his i)rowe.ss in llu; battle.
Twenty-four hours afterward he was seen, pale,
trembling, and wit!iimt his Imi)erial ornanu'Uts,
jit Niconiedia, one hundred and sixty miles from
the i)lace of his defeat. — Gibbon's 1{o.mi:, ch.
14, p. Am.
2061. FAMILIARITY, Ill-mannered. Juhuh
JI'>UU- t^'r VValter Scott's poet-friend.] In a
nhepherd s dre.ss, and with hands fresli from
sheep-shearin;?, he came to dine for th(! tirst time
with Scott in Castle Street, and lindinj^ Mrs.
Scott lyin.if on the sofa, immediately stretched
hiin.self at full leufjth on another sofa ; for,
as he explained afterward, " 1 thoujilit 1 could
not do better than to imitate the lady of the
liou.se." At dinner, as the wine pas.sed, he ad-
vanced from "Mr. Scott," to " Shirra" (Sher-
iff), "Scott," "Walter," and finally " Watti","
till at supper he convulsed everv one ])y addre.ss-
ingMrs. Scott familiarly as "Charlotte." — 1Ii:t-
ton'b Like of Scott, ch. 6.
2003. FAMILIARITY, Mistake of. Mxry
Qn«ei\ of ticoU. The paire of the Marcchal dc
Damville, the young Du Chatelard, had re-
mained, as we have seen, at llclyrood, for the
l)ur|)o.se of entertaining his ma.ster with lettc^rs
about all that related to the (jueen, his idol. I)u
(.'hat*;lard, treatetl as a child by the playful in-
dulgence of the (jueen, had conceived for his
mistress a passion bordering on madness. The
((Ueeii had encouraged him too much to retain
tlie right of punishing him. Du Chatelard, con-
stantly adnnlted to the most intimate familiarit\'
with his mistress, ende<l by mistaking sport for
earnest, persuading himself that she only desired
a pretext for yielding to his audacitj'. The la-
dies of the palace discovered him one night hid-
d;':i under the queen's bed ; In; was cxi)e!led
with indignation, but his boldness was jjlaced
to the account of the thoughtlessness of his age
and character. Raillery was his only punish-
ment. — L.VMAUTIMi'S ^LVUY QkEKN OF ScOTS,
p. ],-,.
206;J. FAMILIES, Old. Aihimx. People are
mistaken who sui)posc that we have in America
no old families. \Ve liave jierhaps as many as
other countries, only the torrent of emigration,
and the suddenness with which new fortunes are
made and lost, conceal the fact from our obser-
vation. The Adams family, for example, which
descended from Thomas Adams, one of the first
proprietors of Massachu.setts, has gone on stead-
ily increasing in wealth and numbers from 1020
to the present time, and the family estate still
coin[)ri.ses the lands originally i)oughl by this
Adams who was grandfather to the second Pres-
ident of the United Stales. .lolin Adams died
worth $100,000. His sim, .John Quincy Adams,
left, it is said, twice as much ; and hin son,
(.'harles Francis Adams, late minister to London,
I is suppo.sed to be worth !j!2, 000,000.— Cvci.o-
riCDiA OF IJioii., ]). 17;{.
2001. FAMILY, Benefits of the. Lnilnr. In
])lace of the monk's cowl the haliit of the citi/.en
was assumed. IJecause of this tlu; heart of tlio
(Jerman people went out to the great Keformer.
As a struggling monk he excited wonder and
surpris*'. Hut as a husband and father he is
loved and revered by the German jieople. —
Hkin'h Li thku, ch. IH, ]>. 137.
2003. FAMILY deteriora' . / mc Even
in the days of Tiberius the -' 'j.- - as Tacitus
tells us, had rushed headloii iiil • <l •_• most ser-
vile flattery, and this would no. 1' ' ': been pos-
sible if its members had not been tainted by the
prevalent deterioration. It was before the once
grave and pure-ndnded Senators of liome — thi!
greatness of whose state wa; ''oundcd on the
.sanctity of family relationship.s — that the Censor
Meiellus liad declared in a.u.c. 002, withimtonu
dissentient murmur, that m.-riiage could only
be regarded as an intolerable necessity. Ik'foro
that .same Senate, at an earlier period, a leading
consular had not .scrupled to a.s.sert that there
was scarcely one among them all who had not
ordered one or more of his own infant children
to be exposed to death. — Fauuau's Eauly
Days, ch. 1, p. 7.
2060. FAMILY discord. Of CharlcH IV. of
Spain. [Prince Ferdinand accu.sed his mother,
Louisa Maria, of shameless licentiousness with
one of the king's body-guard named Godroy.
She charged him with ignoble birth, her hus-
band not being his father. Napoleon was .solic-
ited to favor each side in the possession of the
throne of Spain. He held an interview with
all.] The imbecile old king brandished over
the head of Ferdinand a long gold-headed cane
. . . loaded him with reproach.es and impreca-
tions. Suddenly tiie mother . . . fell upon the
culprit. A Hood of most micourtly epithets she
l)oured upon the victim. ... As Napoleon left
the room he exclaimed . . . " Whai a mother !
What a son I" — Ahuott's Napoleon 13., vol. 2,
ch. 1.
20«r. FAMILY interest. Throdoric. [Tin;
con(|uest of] Italy . . . was finally decided by
the abilities, experience, and valor of the Gothic
king. Immediately before the battle of Verona
lie visited the tent of his mother and sister, and
reipiested that on a day, the most illustrious
festival of his life, they w.)uld adorn him with
the rich garments which they had worked with
their own hands. "Our glory," sjud he, "is
mutual and in.separable. You are known to the
world as the mother of Theodoric ; and it be-
comes me to prove that I am the genuine off-
spring of those heroes from whom I claim my
descent." — Gibbon's Home, ch. 39, p. 10.
206§. FAMILY kinship. Lines. Among civ-
ilized nations the family is so constructed that
240
FAMILY.
Ilie lines of kinsliip riivcr^'o constantly from the
line of descent, so timt collaterul Itiiisnien witli
eaeli genciration stand at a still greater remove
from each other. . . . this is traeeahle tothe es-
tahlisliment of a iikiIc line, of d/'ncent. In tin;
Indian family tiiis is all reversed. The descent
is estiihlislied in the female, line. . . . Ties of liin-
Kliip converge upon each other until they all
meet in the granddaughter. . . . Every grand-
son and granddaughter was the grandson and
granddaughter of tlie whole tribe. . . . All the un-
cles were reckoned as his fathers ; also all mothers'
sisters as mothers ; all the cousins were sisters and
brothers ; all the nieces were daughters ; all the
nei)hews, sons. — l{inp.\Tu's U. H., eh. 1, p. 46.
3000. FAMILY, Prestigfe of. Irish. The dis-
tinction between those Irish who were of Celtic
blood and those Irish who sprang from Strongbow
and I)e Burgh was not altogether elfaced. ... In
the preceding generation one of the most i)owerful
of tlie O'Neills refuscnl to pay any mark of re-
spect to a Roman Catholic gentleman of old
Norman descent. " They say that the family
lias been here four hundred years. No matter. I
hate the clown as though he had come Jiere yes-
terday." — M.vcAi'iiAY's P]ng., ch. 6, p. 121.
ttoVo. FAMILY, Beligion in the. Mahomet.
Islainism commenced like a family. It was jirac-
tis(!d for a longtime in the dwelling of Mahomet,
l)efore it was (liff used and exercised in any meet-
ing of the Khoreishites. The first of the faith-
ful were him.self , his wife, his nephew, his daugh-
ters, and his domestics. He seems to have been
long content with this conversion of himself and
hou.sehold to the pure faith of Abraham, hoping
that God would be content with this restricted
worship, and would not ask of him a more on-
erous propagation of the truth. — Lamaktixk's
Turkey, p. 69.
aori. FAMILY, Eesponsibility to. Jieif/n of
James II. Every battered old cavalier who, in
return for blood and lands lost in the royal
cause, had obtained some small place under the
keeper of the wardrobe or the master of the har-
riers, wa.s called upon to choo.se between the
king and the church. The commi.s,sioners of
customs and excise were ordered to attend his
Majesty at the treasury. There he demanded
from them a i)romise to support his policy, and
directed them to recpiire a similar promise from
all their subordinates. One custom-house offi-
cer notified his submission to the royal will in a
way which excited both merriment and compas-
sion. " I have," he said, " fourteen reasons for
obeying his Majesty's commands, a wife and
thirteen young children." — Macaui.ay's En(».,
ch. 8, p. 3i:3.
2072. FAMILY, Sanguinary. CW.mr'ii. On
the parents, and the three sons in succession, the
hopes of Home were fixed. But Germanicus
■was poisoned by order of Tiberius, and Agrip-
pina was murtk^red in banishment, after the en-
iiurance of the most terrible anguish. Their two
elder .sons, Nero and Drusus, lived only long
enough to disgrace l'.(Mn.selv(!H, and to be forced
to die of starvation. The third wa.s the monster
Gains. Of the three daughters, the youngest,
Julia Llvia, was put to death Dy the orders of
Messalina, the wife of her uncle Claudius.
Drusilla died in prosperous infamy, and Agrip-
pina the younger, after a life of crime so abnor-
mal and so detestable that it throws into the shade
even the monstrous crimes of many of her con-
temj)oraries, murdered her husband, and was
murdered by the orders of the son for whoso
sake she hacl waded through seas of blood. . . ,
'i'hat son was Nero ! Triily the palace of tlio
Ciesars nuist have been haunted by many a rest-
less ghost, and amid its vast and solitary cham-
bers the guilty lords of Its splendor must have
feared lest they should come upon some spec-
tre weeping tears of blood. — Faukau's Eakly
Days, ch. 1, p. 13.
aoyS. FAMILY, Sorrowful. Martyr' ». [At
two o'clock in the morning Dr. Rowland Tay-
lor was delivered to the sheriff in Aldgate.] Now
when the sheriiT and his c(mipany came against
St. Botolph Church, Elizabeth, his daughter,
cried, saying, "O my dear father I Mother,
mother, here is my father led away !" Then
cried his wife, " Rowland, Rowland, where art
thou V" for it was a very dark morning, that the
one could not see the other. Dr. Taylor an-
swered, " Dear wife, I am here," and stayed.
The sherifl's men would have led him forth, but
the sheriff said, " Stay a little, masters, I pray
you, and let him speak to his wife ;" and so
ihey .stayed. Then came she to him ; and he
took his daughter Mary in his arms, and he, his
wife, and Elizabeth kneeled down and said the
Lord's Prayer ; at which .sight the sheriff wept
apace, and so did divers others of the "ompany.
After they had prayed, he rose up and kissed his
wife, ana shook her by the hand and said,
" Farev. ell, my dear wife ; be of good comfort,
for I am quiet in my conscience. God shall stir
up a father for my children." Then he kissed
his daughter Mary and said, " God bless thee ; I
jiray you all stand strong and steadfast unto
Christ and His words, and keep you from idola-
try." Then said his wife, "God be with thee,
dear Rowland. I will with God's grace meet
thee at Hadleigh." [Afterward he said :] "Come
hither, my .son Thomas ;" then John Hull lifted
up the child, and set him on the horse before his
father. Then lifted he lip his eyes toward heaven
and prayed for his son, laid his hand on the
child's head, and blessed him. [He then went
to the stake.] — Knicjiit's Eno., vol. 3, ch. 6.
2074. FAMILY, Substitutes in the. India nx.
When one party prevailed, it was a rule to pur-
sue their success by an undislinguishing car-
nage, as long as the enemy gave the smallest
resistance. When that was over, they bound
and carried off the prisoners, who were re-
served for the most cruel and tormenting death.
This the captives ther iselves knew, and were
prepared for. They had, however, one chance
of life ; for, on returning to their village, the
victors made offer to eacli family of a captive
for every relation they had lost in the war. This
offer they might either acceptor reject. If ac-
cepted, the captive became a member of the
family ; if rejected, he was doomed to die under
the most excniciating tortures. In these exe-
cutions the women would bear tbcir part, and
seen, actuated by the spirit of furies. What is
most remarkable is the fortitude with which
these unhappy wretches submitted to tlicir fate.
There wa.s a contest between them and their
tormentors which should exceed, these in inflirt-
ing, or tlie others in enduring the greatest ex-
FAMILY— FANATICISM.
247
acerbatlons of pain. It is even said that by insults
tliey endeavored to provoke their executioners
anu stirauhite tlieir fury by telling them of the
cruelties they had themselves inflicted on their
countrymen. — TvTLEii'a Hist., Book 6, ch. 21.
307ft. FAMILY •ufTeriiiM. Ilovne of the Cir-
tarn. It hius been well wiiu that no page, even
of Tacitus, has so sombre and tragic an elo((uen<c
as the mere Stemma Canarum. '\ hegreatJulius,
robbed by death of his two daughters, was suc-
ceeded by bis nephew Augustus, who, in order-
ing the a.ssa.ssinaiion of Cujsarion, the natural
tion of Julius by Cleopatra, extinguished the
direct line of the greatest of the Cujsars. Augus-
tus by his three marriages was the father of but
one daughter, and that daughter disgraced his
family and embittered his life. He saw his two
elder grandsons die under circumstances of the
tleepcst su.spicion ; and being induced to disin-
lierit the third for the a.sserted stupidity and
ftsrocity of his disposition, was succeeded by
Tiberius, who was only his stepson, and had
not one drop of the Juli.in blood in his veins.
Tiberius had but one son, who was poisoned by
bis favorite, Sejanus, before bis own death.
This son, Drusus, left but one son, who was
<ompelle(i to commit suicide by his cousin,
Gaius ; and one daughter, whose son, Rubellius
Plautus, was put to death by order of Nero. —
F.MiRAit's Early Days, ch. 1, p. 13.
2076. FAMINE, Brutalizing. yl/AenMnx. [Ath-
ens was besieged by Demetrius, and fiimine fol-
lowed. ] In the course of it many dreadful things
happened, and this is related among the rest. A
father and his son were sitting in the same room,
in the last despair ; when a dead mouse happen-
ing to fall from the roof of the house, they both
started up and fought for it. — Pi.utaucu's De-
MKTRIU8.
2077. FAMINE, Cannibals in. France. A
fearful famine, by which France was visited in
1083, occasioned throughout the country mise-
ries almost unparalleled in history. For three
vears in succession the harvest had failed. . . .
Food was obtainable only at exorbitant prices ;
and the poorer classes . . . were driven at last
1 the most revolting expedients to appease their
Imnger. An innkeeper near Macon was burnt
alive for havi •• massacred no less than forty-
eight unhappy wayfarers, whose bodies had
afterward been devoured. Human flesh was
iniblicly exposed for sale in the market of Tour-
us. — kStuuknts" France, ch. 7, ^ 8, p. 110.
'107§. FAMINE, Depopulated by. Bengal,
V, 0. [In 1770] there was a terrible famine in
B( :gal, in which it is suppo.«ed one third of the
inhabitants perished. — Knight's Eno., vol. (5,
ch. 21, p. 334.
2079. FAMINE, Distress of. Rome. a.d. .040.
Totila proceeded, not to a.ssault, but to encom-
pass and starve, the ancient capital. Rome was
atliicted by the avarice and guarded by the
valor of Bessas, a veteran chief of Gothic ex-
traction, who tilled, with a garrison of 3000
soldiers, the spacious circle of her venerable
walls. From the distress of the people he ex-
tracted a profitable trade, and secretly rejoiced
in the continuanco of the siege. It was for his
use that the granaries had been replenished ;
the charity of Pope Vigilius had purchased and
embarked an ample supply of Si(!ilian corn ;
but the vessels which escaped tlui barbarians
were seized by a rapacious governor, who im-
jiarted a scanty sustenance to the soldiers, and
sold the remainder to the wealthy Romans.
The medimnus, or fifth j)art of tlu! (juarter of
wheat, was exchanged for seven pieces of gold ;
fifty pieces were given for an ox, a rare and
accidental prize ; the progress of famine en-
hanced this exorbitant value, and the mercenaries
were tempted tod(!prive themselves of tla; allow-
ance which was .scarcely sufiicieiit for the sui>-
port of life. A tasteless and unwholesome
mixture, in which tlu; bran thrice exceeded the
(piantity of fiour, appeased the hunger of the
l)()or ; they were gradually reduced to feed on
dead horses, dogs, cats, and mice, and eagerlv
to .snatch the gra.ss, and even the n(!tth;s, which
grew among the ruins of the city. --[See No.
2015.] Gihhon's Rome, ch. 43, p. 25.5.
2010. FAMINE, Resource in. Horns. [When
Bonaparte's army was retreating from Moscow,
during a month there wen; no rations, and
dead hor.seswere the only resource.] — Knioiit's
Eng., vol. 7, ch. 30, p. 359.
20§1. FAMINE, Trials of. Pty mouth Colony.
The arrival of new emigrants, who came un-
provided with food, compelled the whole colony,
for .six months in succession, to subsist on half-
allowance only. "I have seen men," says Wins-
low, ".stagger by reascn of faintness for want
of food." ... In the third year of their settle-
ment their victi'als were so entirely spent that
" they knew not at night where to have a bit in
the morning." . . . When a few of their old
friends arrived to join them, a'- bster or a piece
of fish, without bread or a' ything else but a
cup of fair si)ring water, was the best dish the
whole colony could offer. — Bancroft's U. S.,
vol. 1, ch. 8.
2012. FAMINE by War. Canada, a.d. 1758.
In the general dearth [caused by the prolonga-
tion of the war] the soldiers could receive but
a half pound of bread daily ; the inhabitams of
Quebec but two ounces. . . . Artisans and day
laborers were so enfeebled that they were unfit
for toil, and tottered from debility. — Bancroft's
U. S., vol. 4, ch. 13.
20§3. FANATIC, Insane. Puntan. A mad
tailor, named Ludowick Muggleton, wandered
from pot-hou.se to pot-house, tip|)ling ale, and
denouncing eternal torments against tho.se who
refused to believe, on his testimony, that the
Supreme Being was only six feet high, and that
the sun was just four miles from the earth.
George Fox had raised a teniix'st of derision by
proclaiming that it was a violation of Chri.'itian
sinceritj' to designate a .single person by a plural
pronoun, and that it was an idolatrous homage
to Janus and AVoden to talk about .January and
Wednesday. — Macaulay's Eng., ch. ", p. 153.
20§.|. FANATICISM, Danger from. Jiefor-
mation. Karlstadt forbade the paying and
taking of interest on money loaned, and even
went so far as to recommend the introduction
of the system of polygamy as jjractised by tli(
ancient Hebrews. [Luther wrote the elector'
he thought that Karlstadt had always ignorec
the praise of Chri.st, and that he would always
do so. " His own insane desire for fame and
i
248
FANATICISM.
praise hus brought liim to this. IIu has proved
to Ihj our nioHt dangerouH enemy, so tliut I am
iucliaed to believe tlie poor, iiiiHcruble wretch
is possessed of uu evil spirit." — Hkin'sLltuku,
ell. 14, p. 12r,.
20§5. FANATICISM, Idolatrous. Ihmldnvn
Antoniuun. In ii .solemn pi'ocession Ihrougii the
streets of lioinc, the wuy was strewed witJi gold
du.st ; the black stone, set in iireclousgeuis, was
placed on a chariot drawn by si.x milli-white
horses, richly caparisoned. The jiious emperor
lield tiie reins, and, supi)ort(!d by his ministers,
moved slowly l)ackward, that he miglit jier-
Fetually enjoy the felicity of the divine presence.
n a magnificent temple raised on the Palatine
Mount, the sacrilices of tlie god Elagal)alus wen;
celebrated with every circumstance of cost and
solemnity. The richest wines, the most extraor-
dinary victims, and th(! rarest aromaties were
l)rofusely consumed on the altiu'. Arotmd the
altar a chorus of Syrian dam.sels i)erformed
their lascivious dances to the sound of barbarian
music, while the gravest personages of the .state
and army, clothed in long Phceuician tunics,
officiated in the meanest functions, with alTected
zeal and secret indignation. — Giubon's Ho.mk,
ch. 6, p. 171.
SOiG. FANATICISM inflamed. Orlmns. And
the Pucelle, left behind, found herself absolute
nnstress of the city, where all authority but hers
seemed to be at an end. She caracolled round the
walls, and the people followed her fearlessly. The
next day she rode otit to reconnoitre the Lnglish
bastilles, and young women and children went
too, to look at these famous bastilles, where all
remained still and betrayed no sign of movement.
Blie led back the crow.i with her to attend ves-
pers at tlie church of Saint Croix ; and as she
■wept at j)raycrs, they all wept likewi.se. Tlu!
citizens were beside themselves ; they were rai.sed
al)ove all fears, were drunk with religion and
■with war — seized by one of those formidable ac-
cesses of fanaticism in wliich men can do all and
believe all, and in which they are scarcely less
terrible to friends than toenemios. — MiciiKi,ET'tt
JoAX ov Akc, p. 14.
20§7. FANATICISM, Miracles of. Test [A
bitter cont(^st existed between tiu; Catholics and
Arsenite faction in the thirteenth century.] In
the confidence of fanaticism, they had proposed
to try their <!ause by a miracle ; and when the
two papers that contained their own and the
adverse cause were cast into a liery brasier, thi'y
t'xpected that the Catholic verity would be re-
spected l)y the tlames. Alas ! the two papers were
indiscriminately (•onsumed, and this unforeseen
accident ])roduc:ed tlu; imion of a day, and re-
newed the quarrel of an age. — Oibho^'s ItoxiE,
ch. 62, p. l.w.
20§8. FANATICISM, ReUgious. ''Prophets."
Three of the jirime movers came to Wittenberg
during the Christmas holidays in the year 1521.
They were curious fellows in warlike attire.
Wonderful experiences did they relate : God had
{conversed with them ; they could foretell future
events ; in short, they claimed to be prophets
and apostles ! Melanchthon thought that they
were possessed of a particular spirit, whatever
be its nature, and that Luther alone could deter-
mine its true character. But Luther did not wish
io return on that account, especially since it was
not the de.sire of the Elector. lie wrote to Me-
lanchthon, and also to his friend Amsdorf, that
the prophets of Zwickau should not be heard at
once, but tliat the nuitter sliould (piietly take
its course. An investigation of their claims to
a s])ecial calling shouhl be held, and their spirits
should be triecl according to tlu! advi(X! of Ht.
John (I. 4 : 1), whetlier they be to God.— Ukin'h
LiTiiicH, ch. 11, p. lOiJ.
ilOMO. . Ginipoirilcr Plot. [Henry
Garnet, a Catholic; priest, received through the
confessional information of the Gunpowder Plot,
whicli he did not reveal. He defended his course
witii ability. He acknowledged] that he had
done more than he could excu.se by law in Jiaving
concealed Ids privity to the design, yet he main-
tained that " he had acted upon a conscientious
l)er.suasion that he was bound to di.sclose noth-
ing that lie had heard in sacramental confession."
— Knu^ht'sEno., vol. 3, ch. 21, p. 33C.
2000. . Peter the Hermit. In tliis
austere solitude his body was emaciated, his
fancy was inflamed ; whatever lie wished, lie
believed ; wliatever he believed, hesaio in dreams
and revelations. From Jerusalem the pilgrim
returned an aceomplLshed fanatic ; but as he ex-
celled in the popular madness of the times. Pope
Urban II. received him as a i>rophet, applaud-
ed his glorious design, lu-omised to support it
ilia general council, and encouraged him to pro-
claim the deliveranci' of the Holy Land. [Thus
began the crusades. J — Gibbon's Home, ch. 58,
p. 538.
200I. . Hfth Monarchy. TheFifth-
MotuuTliy men rose on the 6th of January, 1661,
under their old leader, Thomas Venner, the wine
cooper. Some fifty or sixty of tliem, after an
encounter with the feeble municipal police,
marched to Caen Wood, near Higligate, and hav-
ing been there concealed for two days, returned
to cncotuiter the trained bands, and even a regu-
lar bod}' of guards, in the confidence that their
cause — the establishment of the reign of Christ
on earth, and the suppression of all other author-
ity — would be miraculously upheld. The capital
was in fearful alarm ; the shops were sliut ; the
city gates were barricaded. But these wild men
di-ove all before them, till a rally ■was made, and
they were for the most jiart slaughtered, refu.s-
ing quarter. — Knkjiit's Enc, vol. 4, cli. 15,
p. 251.
2092. . F.fth Moiunrhii. [In 1657
there was a great tumult in London over the Fifth
Monarchy. The Assyrian monarchy, the Per-
sian, the Greek, and the Jioman, being all four
extinct, it was aniiounced that the Fifth Mon-
archy — the greatest of all — the reign of the saints
on earth, was at hand. Thomas Venner, a wine
c(K)per, with its standard of the Lion of the tribe
of Judali, was to proclaim it as its herald on the
9th of April, on Mile End Green • a troop of
horse arrested the Fifth .Monarchy.] — Kniuut's
Eno., vol. 4, ch. 13, p. 206.
2093. . Prottstani. [When Mary
Stuart, Queen of Scots, wiisonthe scaffold,] the
Dean of Peterborough, Dr. Fletcher, standing
outside the rail, directly before her, began an ex-
hortation ; but she stopped him, saying : " Mr,
Dean, I am settled in the ancient Catholic Ko-
man religion, and mind to spend my blood in de-
fence of it." Tlie pertinacious dignitary replied.
FANATICISM-FASHION.
249
tth
_'r-
ir
)n-
jits
Inu
Ibu
Ihu
lof
Ir'a
the
with moro zciil Hum cimrity, "Miidiun, rlinnj,'fi
your ()()inioii, mid ri'Hi'nt of your fonncr wicked-
ness, mid si'tlld your fiiith only in .Icsus Christ,
by Him to ho saved." Mary told him to trouhh;
liimseir no furtlier ; and Shrewshury and Kent
said lliey would pray for her. She thanked tlieni ;
"hut to join with you in jirayer I will luA, for
Ihatyoiiand I are not of one reli/^'ion." The dean
then prayed aloud from the Kiifjlish liturj^y ; and
IMary. with steadfast voice, liavin^ in her hand a
crucifix, heiran to jiray in Latin ; and slu; finally
jirayed in English for (Uirisfs afhieted church,
for lier son, and for the tiueeii of England. The
callous Earl of Kent was not moved even liy tliis
Bohuiin earnestness, hut told her to " leaves those
truinperies." Such is I'aiiatit ism, from whatever
jierverted view of the religion of love it may
upring. — K.N'Kiirr's Eno., vol. 3, ch. V.i, p. 2();{.
20» I. FAKATICISH, Scandalous. Q>i„f,rr. [In
16.')() .I.iiiics Xaylcr, one of the ne-wsect of Qua-
kers, in his frantic cntliusiasm had jiroclainied
that the Uedeemer was incarnate in His person ;
niid he had given a great jiublic scandal in going
about in a state; of nudity. The madman nar-
rowly esciiped hanging.] — Knioiit's fc]N().,vol. 4,
ch. 13, 1). 2(13.
aOJ>o. FANATICISM, Visions of. Vnisndcrs.
Their victory, or even their attempt, would im-
mortalize the names of flio intrepid lieroes of
the cross ; and the purest piety could not be in-
sensilile to the most .splendid prospect of military
glory. . . . Tlie vulgar, botli the great and
sniiiil, Avere taught to believe; every wonder, of
lands tiowing with milk and honey, of mines
and treasures, of gold and diamon<ls\ of palaces
of marble and jasper, and of odoriferous groves
of cinnamon and frankincen.se. In this ejirthly
paradise each warrior depended on liis sword
to carve a plenteous and honoral)le establish-
ment, wliich he measured only by the extent of
his wishes. — Gihhon's Ko.mk, ch. 58, p. 5.")0.
2096. FAREWELL to Country. Napoleon T.
I^A captive, and sailing for St. Helena, liehold-
ing the receding vision of his native land,] he
then uncovered his head, bowed to the distant
hills, and said, with deep emotion, " Land of the
brave, I salute thee ! Farewell ! France, fare-
well !" — Aiuiott's N.\polkon B., vol. 2, ch. 30.
2097. FABEWELL desired, A final. James 11.
[When .lames II. left France to head an insur-
rection in IiH'land, Louis XIV. .said at their
parting, " The best thing I can desire for you is
never to see you back ai;ain." — Kxigut's Enu.,
vol. 5, ch. «' p. 81.
209««. FAREWELL, The last. nn:'.sfi,n,.9.
[Maccail, a probationer i)reachcr, was arrested
for joining the insurgents in Scotland against
(Jharles II. He died in torture, havinga pairof
iron boots on his legs, with wedges driven be-
tween iron and flesh. He was in rapture of
soul ;] his last words were, Farewell, sun, moon,
and stars — farewell, kindred and friends — fare-
well, world and time — farewell, weak, frail body
— welcome, eternity — welcome, angels and saints
— welc(jme, Saviour of the world, and welcome,
God the Judi^e of all. — Kmgut's Eng., vol. 4,
ch. 17, p. 297.
2099. FAREWELL, A touching. WusJiing-
i/)n'K. [Xinc days after the evacuation of New
York by the British] Washington assembled
his olllcers, and Imdt; them a final adieu. Wlieu
they were met, the ciiieftain spoke a few alTec-
tionate words to his comrades, who came for-
waril ill turn, ,ind with tears and .sobs, which thu
veterans no longer cared to conceal, bach; him
farewell. Washington then walked to White-
hall, fol'owed bv a vast concourse of citi/eii.s
and soldiers, anil thence departed to Annapolis,
where Congress was in session. On his way ho
jiaused at Philadelphia, and made to the projier
ofhcers a rc))ort of liis expenses during the war.
Tlu! account was in his own handwriting, and
covered a total cxpeiiditun! of !j!74,48.'), all cor-
rect to a cent. The route of the chief from
Pauliis' Hook to Annapolis was a continuous
trium])h. Tlie iieople by hundreds and thou-
sands flocked to the villages and roadsides to
se(! him pass : gray-haired statesmen to sjieak
words of praise ; young men to shout with en-
thusiasm ; maidens to strew his way with flow-
ers, — KiDf.KTii'ri U. S., ch. 44, p. '.i^hi.
2100. FARMER, An unsuccessful, haar Xiw-
ton. Lsaac was taken from school to assi.st his
mother in flu; management of her farm. But
nature claimed 'lini for higher work. He could
not be a farmer. Being sent to market once ii
week, with an aged and faithful servant, no
sooner were the horses jiut into the stable than
he would shut hini.self up in a garret with his
books, till the produce was .sold and it was time
to return. In summer he would choose a .shady
nook on the road-side, out of town, and there
await the return of the wagon. If lie was sent
to the fields to watch the sheep and cattle, ho
would be; found, hours after, iierched in a tree,
absorbed in a book, or on the banks of a stream,
eagerly watching the operation of a water-
wheel ; while the cattle, perhaps, were rioting
in a corn-field, and the sheep were wandering
down the road. — P.miton's Nkwton, p. 76.
2IOI. . Edmund Burke. The read-
er may smile as he recognizes the ardor, the
earnestness, the fervid gravity of the political
speeches, in letters which discuss the merits of
carrots in fattening porkers, and the jirecise de-
gree to which they should be boiled. Burko
tlirows himself just as eagerly into while peas
and Indian corn, into cabbages that grow into
head and cabbages that shoot into leaves, into
exi)erimcnts with pumpkin-seed anil wild jiar-
sni]i, as if they had been details of the Stamji
Act, or justice to Ireland. When he comjilains
that it is scarcely jiossible for him, with his
numerous avocations, to get his servants to en-
ter fully into his views as to the right treatment
of his crops, we can easily understand that his
farming did not help him to make money. It
is imjiossible that he should have had time or
.'ittention to spare for the efTeclual direction of
even a small farm. — .Moiii.Kv's Biukk, ch. 6.
21 02. FASHION, Depreciated by. Sc ience .
Charles [II.] himself had a laboratory. ... It
was almost necessary to the character of a fiiu;
gentleman to have something to .say about air-
pumps and telescopes ; and even fine ladies,
now and then, thought it becoming to allect a
taste for science, went in coaches and six to visit
the Gresham curiosities, and broke forth into
cries of delight at finding that a magnet really
attracted a needle, and that a microscope really"
made a fly look as large as a sparrow. ... It is
'Jr.
50
FASHION— FEAR
llio univcrsiil liiw, that wliatcvcr pursuit, wlmt-
t'vcr (lodrinc lu'coinos l'nHliionaI)i(', sliiill loso a
portion of that dignity which it had poHsi'sscd
wliile it WHH confined to a Hmidl i)ut earnest
minority, and wa-s loved for its own sake aloiu!.
It is true that the follicH of some persons wiio,
■witlio\it any real aputndc; for science, professed
a passion for it, furnished matter of contemptu-
ous mirth to a few midignant satirists who he-
longed to the preceding generation. — Macal-
i>ay'8En(»., ch. 3, p. 380.
3103. PASHION disregarded. Benjamin
Franklin. December, 1770. PVanklin [the Am-
erican commissioner! reached Paris, . , . and was
welcomed with wonderful unanimity. His fame
as a philosopher, his imfailing good-humor, the
dignity, self-possession, and ease of his manners,
1 lie plainness of his dress, his habit of wearing
Ids straight thin gray hair without powder, con-
trary to the fashion of that day in France, acted
as a spell. — liANCUOFT's U. S., vol. 9, ch. 10.
3104. FASHION, Straggle for. Fi-ench. Hats
were a French invention of 1440 ; a belted knight
writes: " Send me a hat and a bonnet by the same
man ; and let him bring the hat on his head, for
fear of misfashioning of it." — Knight's Eno.,
vol. 2, ch. 8, p. 121.
3105. FASTS, EeligiouB. Early MethmliHts.
Four fasts were appointed for each year on
every circuit, and the preachers were ordercvi
to write on all class papers : " The first Friday
after every Quarterly Meeting is to be observed
as a day of fasting and prayer." The earliest
historian of Methodism remarks that it was the
custom of its people "to observe fi^rmerly all
Fridays as days of fasting or abstinence." — Ste-
vens' M. E. Cnuiicii, vol. 2, p. 134.
3106. FATE, Belief in. MohamiwdanH. The
Koran incidcates, in the most absolute sense, the
tenets of fate and predestination, which would
extinguish both industry and virtue, if the ac-
tions of man were governed by his speculative
belief. Tet their influence in every age has ex-
alted the courage of the Saracens and Turks.
The first companions of Mahomet advanced to
l)attle with a fearless confidence ; there is no
danger where there is no chance ; they were or-
dained to perish in their beds ; or they were safe
and invulnerable amid the darts of the enemy,
— Gibbon's Mahomet, p. 39.
3107. FATHER, A confiding. John Milton's.
There is no attempt on the part of Milton to take
up a profession, not even for the sake of appear-
ances. The elder Milton was content to provide
the son, of whom he was proud, with the means
of prosecuting his eccentric scheme of life, to
continue, namely, to prepare himself for some
great work, nature unknown. For a young man
of simple habits and studious life a little suiflces.
The chief wiuil is books. — Mii.ton, by M. Pat-
TISON, cb. 3.
310§. FATHERHOOD, Experience of. Aym-
hviH. Agesilaus [the Lacediemonian king] was
certainly a most affectionate father. It is said,
Avhen his children were small, he would join
in their sports ; and a friend happening to find
him one day riding among them upon a stick,
ho desired him " not to mention it until he was
a father himself." — Plutakch's Agesilaus.
3109. FATHERHOOD luppreiied. War of
liftidWin. [At the battle of Malvern Hill in
Virginia] IIk; son of [Confederate] Major Pey-
t(m, but fifteen years of age, called to his father
for help. A ball had shattered both his legii.
" When we have beaten the enemy, then I will
help you," answered Peyton ; " I have here other
sons U) lead to glory. Forward !" But the col-
umn had advanced oidy a few jtaces when the
major himself fell to the earth a corpse. — PoL-
i.Aiio's Second Yeah ok the Wak, p. 323.
3110. FAVORITISM, Scandalous. Charles IT.
Whoever could make liim.self agreeable to the
prince, or could .secure the good oflices of the
mistress, ndght hope to rise in the world with-
out rendering any service to the government,
without being even known by sight to any min-
ister of State. This courtier got a frigate, and
that a company ; a third the pardon of a ric h
ofTencler ; a fourth, a lease of crown land on
easy terms. If the king notified bis i)leasure
that a briefless lawyer should be made a judge,
or that a libertine baronet should be made a
peer, the gravest counsellors, after a little mur-
muring, submitted. — Macaulay's Eng., ch. 3,
p. 340;
3111. FEAR conquered by Faith. Moravians.
[When .lohn Wesley came as a missionary to the
American colonists and Indians, he had not ob-
tained the experience of the conscious favor of
God. While on his passage, in the midst of a
fearful storm which endangered the lives of all,
he observed the calmness of a little band of Mo-
ravian passengers who were holding religious
service. When in the midst of the psalm which
they were singing,] the sea broke over the ship,
split the mainsail into pieces, and poured in be-
tween the decks as if the great deep had already
swallowed them up. A terrible outcry arose
from the English, but the Moravians calmly
sung on. Wesley asked one of them, " Were
jou not afraid f lie answered : " I thank God,
no." " But were not your women and children?"
" No ; our women and children are not afraid to
die." — Stevens' Methodism, vol. 1, p. 78.
3113. FEAR, Contagious. Romans. They had
never yet looked Germans in the face, and im-
agination magnifies the unknown. Roman
merchants and the Gauls of the neighborhood
brought stories of the gigantic size and strength
of these northern M-arriors. The glare of their
eyes was reported to be so fierce that it could not
be borne. Tluy were wild, wonderful, and
dreadful. Young offlcers, patricians, and
knights, who had followed C'iesar for little mild
experience, hegiin to dislike the notion of the.se
new enemies. Some applied for leave of ab-
sence ; others, though ashiimed to ask to be al-
lowed to leave the army, cowered in tlieir tents
with sinking hearts, made their wills, and com-
posed last messages for their friends. The centu-
rions caught the alarm from their superiors, and
the legionaries from the centurions. — Fkoude's
C/Esah, ch. 14, p. 32.
3113. FEAR and Courage. War. [While at
war with each other a small company of The-
bans under Pelopidas unexpectedly met their
Lacedaemonian enemies on the roacf. ] As soon
as they were perceived to be passing the straits,
one ran and told Pelopidas, ' ' We are fallen into
7/1
tof
FEAU— FEAUH.
151
the enemy's Imiuls," " And why not they," snid
he, " into ours 1" — PLtTAUCii's Pki,oi'ii)A8.
S 1 1 4 . F£ AB, OoTernment by. Enr/ltt n d. [ E( 1 -
mviml Burke Hiiid of the .su( ( ess of the lievolii-
tionisls of Frimcc :J I believe very few were able
to enter into tlxfelTeets of mere terror. . . . For
four yeius W(! Imve seen loans made, treasuries
«up])]ied, and armies levied and maintained,
more numerous than France ever showed in the
tield, by tlie elTecIs of fear alone. — K.moiit'h
En<i., vol. 7, eh. 1"), )>. 208.
3115. . Mtool. Fashion, and even
convenience, soon persuaded tlie eonijuerors of
Kome to assume the more elepuit dress of the
iiiitives; but the}' still i)ersisted in the use of tlieir
motlier-tonguc ; and their contemj)! for the Latin
schools was iipjilauded by Theodorie liimself,
who gratitie<l their prejudices, or liis own, by
deelarinjj; that the child who had tren\bled at a
rod woidd never dare to look ujjon a sword. —
GmnoN's Komk, ch. ^9.
tlllG. FEAR overcome. Joan of Arc. In
the midst of her triumi)h Jeanne still remained
the pure, tender-hearted i)easant girl of the
Vosges. Her tir.st visitas she entered Orleans was
to the great dmreh, and there, as she knelt at
mass, she wept in such a i)assion of devotion that
" all the i)eople wept with her." Her tears l)in'st
forth afresh at her first sight of l)loodshed and
of the corpses strewn over the baltlefleld. She
grew friglitened at her first wound, and only
threw off the touch of womanlv fear wlier. she
lieard the signal for retreat. — llisr. of En(j.
People, i^ 481.
3117. FEAB, Panic of. Home. Meanwhile
tlie report reached Home that Ctesar had cro.ssed
the Rubicon. The aristocracy had nursed the
pleasant belief that his lieart would fail him, or
that his army would d(!sert him. His lieart had
not failed, his army had not deserted ; and, in
their terror, they saw liini already in their midst
like an avenging Marius. He was coming. His
horse had been seen on the Apennines. Flight,
in.stant flight, was the only safety. Up they
rose, consuls, pra;tors, senators, leaving wives
and children and property to their fate, not halt-
ing even to take the money out of the treasurv,
but contenting themselves wi.h leaving it lock-
ed. On foot, on horseback, in litters, in car-
riages, they fled for their lives to find safely un-
der Ponipey's wing in Capua. — Fiiocde's C.e-
BAit, ch. 21.
31 1§. FEAE of Retribution. Riigii of James
II. [Lord Sunderland, his ])rinu'-minister and
tool, apprehended the revolution which dethroned
JamesJ Visions of an innumerable crowd cov-
ering Tower Hill [the jtlace of execution], and
shouting with savage joy at the sight of the apos-
tate [who sought to betray .lames to William,
Princeof Orange], of ascalTold hungwitli black,
of [Bishop] Burnet reading the i)rayer for the
departing, and of Ketch [the executioner] lean-
ing on the axe with which Russell and ^lonmouth
had been mangled in so butcherly a fashion, lie-
gan to haunt tlie unhappy statesman. — ^Iacai:-
lay's Eng., ch. 9, p. 411.
3119. FEAR, Shameless. Duke of Monmonth.
[His rebellion again.st James H. was suppressed.]
The spoiled darling of the court and oi the pop-
ulace, accustomed to be loved and worshipped
wherever he appeared, was nf)W surrouiuh'd by
stern jailers, in whose eyes he read his doom.
Vet a few hours of gloomy seclusion, and ho
must die a violent and shameful (h'ath. Hi.s
heart sank within him. Life seemed to be worth
j)urchasing by any humiliation ; nor could Iuh
mind, always feeble, and now distracted by ter-
ror, perceive that huniilialion must degrado
but could not save him. . . . He wrote to the king.
The letter was that of a man whom a craven fear
had made insensible to shame. He jirofessed in
vehement terms his remorse for his treason. Ho
atflrmed that, when he jji-omised his cousins at
j tl ' Hague; not to raise troubles in England, ho
I had fully meant to keep his word. Lnhappily,
he had afterward been seduced from his alle-
giance! by sonu! horrid jieoijle who had heated
his mind by calumnies and misled him by soj)li-
istry : but now lu; abhorred Ihcin ; he abhorred
himself. He begged in jjiteous terms that ho
might be admitted to the royal presence. — M.v-
cai;i-ay'h En(i , ch. a, j). 57:1.
3130. FEAR, Stranger to. ('olonif of (Itorrjia.
A CJherokee appeared among the English. " Fear
nothing," .said Oglethorpe [the governor], "but
speak freely ;" and the niountainer answered,
" I always speak freelj-. AVhy should 1 fear ?
I am now among filends ; I never feared even
among my enemies." — Baxciiokt's U. 8., vol. 3,
ch. 24.
3131. FEARLESSNESS, Astonishing. Rmnam.
[Hannibal's ai)pr()ach to Rome.] Hannibal wms
astonished l>v the constancy of the Senate, who,
without raising the si(.'ge of Capua, or recalling
their scattered forces, expected his approach. He
encamped on the banks of the Anio, at the dis-
tance of three miles from the city ; and he was
.so(m informed that the ground on which he had
pitclmd his tent was .sold for an adecjuate price
at a jniblic auction, and that a body of troops
was dismissed by an opi)osite road, to re-enforce
the legions of Spain. — Gibuon's Rome, ch. 31,
p. 24.-).
3133. FEARLESSNESS, Boyish. Beimlirt Ar-
nold. He was no common boy. The nioststrik-
ing trait of his character was fearlessness. He
would place himself in situations of extreme
peril, for no other motive than to terrify his
elders, or to "show oil" tiis courage. ... It
was often the duty of tin; boy Arnold to carry
liags of Indian corn to a mill, two miles from
home, himself riding upon the bags that were
thrown over the horse's back. While he was
waiting for his grist, it was his delight to aston-
ish the miller with his wild, daring tricks. As
he was bathing in the mill-stream, he would seize
hold of one of the 8]K)kes of the great water-
wheel, and go around with it, now dangling in
the air, now buried in the foaming water, while
the miller stood horror-stricken at his reckles.s-
ness. He was a most daring and headlong rider.
Horses that he was accustomed to ride were oli-
served to fall into bad habits, such as kicking,
starting, and running awaj'. — CvcLorEUiA of
BiOG., p. 229.
3133. FEARS, Imaginary. Ow?/-. Sixty thou-
sand picked men left the Gauls' camp before
dawn ; they stole round by a distant route, and
were allowed to rest concealed in a valley till
the middle of the day. At noon they came over
the ridge at the Romans' back ; and they had the
; ^^1
"g UtPW iiii f -■
a5'Z
FEA8T— FIOHTINf}.
Ix'Ht of llic iMisitidii, Iw'in;^ uMc to iillack from
iiliovr. 'I'licir a|i|)('iiraii('(; was tlii^ ni^'iial for a
K<'ii*'ral assault on all sides, and for a dctcriiiiiii'd
Hally liy \'cr(ini,'ctorix from witliiii. 'I'lms lic-
forc, licliiiid, and cvcrywlicrc, tlu' Icirions were
iissaili'd at. the same momnil ; and Ca'sar oli-
mM'vcs that llic cricsof lialllc in tliiM'car arc al-
ways inori' tryin;,' to men than the licrccst onset
upon tliem in front ; because what they cannot
Ke(!they iniiinirie inori^ forniidalile than it is. and
they depriid for their own safety on the conraLCe
of oLliers. [Ca'sar's genius saveil the army.) —
Fuot :i)i;'s C.KSAit, cii, II).
iilil'l. FEAST, Intellectual. .\r<i/ioi„<(. Ho
assemliled his rehitives to the nnndier of forty,
at a feast served in the court of liis house, as was
the iisai;i' of the fn\i\i\ coimcils wliieh jircceded
.i^reat revolutions amoni,^ the Arabs. They were
all tlie sons aiH* desce:)dants of his uncle and
adoptive father, Aboutaieb. The l)an(|net, fru-
fi'al, like the life of tin; desert, was composed but
of a IcLjof mutton and some rice. .Mahomet sup-
])lied its meai^reness by the nutriment of the soul ;
lie entertained his^'.esls with so nuich ins|)ira-
tion and persuasion that they fi'lt themselves
<|uite satisfied by his words. These simple nunds,
astonished to find they had their 1)11 despit(; the
])itiful supply upon the table, attributed to tin!
ma^i(; of the infernal spirits this charm and re-
l)letion, which were but the ma,ii;ic of the divine
word. They retired imeasy, interroi^atin^j each
otiier, and jjrondsing not to return to ex])ose
themselves to such enchanlments. — L.v.M.Mi-
TINKS Tl.UKKY, p. 715.
a 145. FEES, Extortionate. JallcrH. [At that
day a jailer had no salary, but was supported
<hietlv by fe('s e.vtorted from tlu; prisoners on
their leaving jail, ('ustom had established, with
the force of law, that every prisoner, whether
felon or debtor, whether discharired because the
jury had acquitted him, or because no bill of in-
dictment was found a,ii;ainst him, or because his
term of imi)risoiuneiit liad e.\]iired, should ])av,
before leavin;^ the jail, a fee of I.l.v. Ad. to tlie jail-
er, and another feu of 2ii. to tin; turnkey — about
$") in all. If a prisoner could not \)\\y this sum
the jailer was allowed to keej) him in jirison till
lit! could. . . . [.John] Howard discovered one muii
who . . . had been vxmWnvd four i/furx solely be-
cause . . . unablt! to jiay tlu! fees for (htlivery.
He fo\nid .some jirisoners, who had been jirovi'd
innocent, and a.i^ainst whom no bill bad been
found, still lanixuishing in a loathsoir.o dungeon,
because then; was no one on earth able and
willing to lend them the trilling sum of lO.f. 4'/.,
while the county was at the expense of su|)port-
iiig them. Such frightful al)uses . . . come of
great men i)utting llieir duties uiion deputies. —
Cycloim-;ui.v ok Huh,., p. 42.
2126. FEMALES, Imitation of. TIw.hi'hh.
[When Theseus went with a tribute of seven
young men and as many virgins to be sacritic<'d
in the lal)yrintli at Crete, or save themselves by
destroying the .Minotaur,] he did not lake with
him all the virgins upon whom the lot had fall-
en, but .selected two young men of his acquaint-
ance who had feminine and florid aspects, but
were not wanting in spirit and presence of mind.
These by warm bathing, and keeping them out
of the sun, by providing unguents for their hair
and complexions, and everything necessary for
their dresH, by forming their voice, tiieir man-
ner, and their stepl he so elTectually altered, that
they passed among the virgins designed for
( 'rcle, an<i no one could diseei'ii the dilTerence. —
I'l.i lAiicii's TiiKsi;i s.
2127. FESTIVAL, A coronation. Hihninl I.
[On the IDth of .\ugusl, 1','7 1, King Kdward I.
and his queen were crowned at Westndnster. )
The coronation feast ]iresents a ciu'ious illustra-
tion of the rude hospitality of that age. . . . 'I'lien;
were two halls ; . . . many new halls were built
up, in which tal)les were tixed in the ground, al
which all wild cami — princes, nobles, the; rich,
and the poor — were feasted for tifleen days. In-
nunwrable kitchens wen; built beside the halls,
and niuuberless leaden cauldrons were! Jiiaced
outside the kitchens, for additional cooking.
Oxen, shei'p, and J)igs were consumed in num-
bers exceeding those of a crowded market day in
recent Smithlleld ; ami i.eadeidiall market at
Christmas could not vie with this royal poultry-
show. The i'ipe-rolls ri'cord that three hundred
barrels of wine were iiurchased for thisoceaHion.
— K.mout'h Kno., vol. 1, ch. ^.■), p. I{m;J.
2I2N. FIDELITY tested, liomnn Ueueval Bdi-
nari'ii. He marched to the gates of Home,
which surrendered without an attack ; he po.s-
sessed himself of tlii! city, and with r)((()l) men un-
dertook to defend it against lOO.OOOof the rebel
Ostrogoths, who sat down to besiege him. . . .
After vai'ious successes the (Soths tli' .iselves,
tilled with admiration at the cliaractei )f Ik'li-
sarius, re(piested him to accept of the crown of
Italy ; but that generous and heroic man refused
the olTer of u kingdom, incapa!)le of betraying
the interests of his sovereign, although he had
repeatedly exi)erii'nced Ids ingratitude. — Tyt-
j.kii'h Hist., Hook 5, ch. o. p. 24.
2129. FIGHTING in Death. Pcmans. [When
Alexander defeated Darius, the Persians were
completely routed.] A few of the best and
bravest of them, iiKleed, met their death before
the king's chariot ; and falling in heaps one upon
anotlujr, strovt? to stop tin; pursuit ; for in the
very pangs of death they clung to the Macedo-
nians, and caught hold of their horses' legs as
they lay ujioii the ground. — 1*1,1 t.mich's Alex-
ANt)i-;u.
2130. FIGHTING, Desperate. Ihitth' of Man-
hoKje. [("icsar's wars in Gaul.] The Nervii
fought with a courage which tilled Civsar with
admiration ; men of greater sjiirit he .said that he
had never seen. As their first ranks fell, they
j)iled the bodies of their comrades into heaps,
and from the toj) of them hurled back the Roman
javelins. They would not lly ; they liropped
where they stood ; and the batlh; ended only
with their extermination. Out of COO senators
there survived but three ; out of (50,000 men
able to bear arms, only oOO. The aged of the
tribe, and tlie women and children, who had
been left in the morasses for .security, sent in
their surrender, their warriors being all dead. —
FuorDK's C.KSAii, ch. 14.
2131. FIGHTING and Praying. Admiral
Blake. It was again.st those splendid Spanish gal-
\eons and ^"dia-built merchantmen, their hold.s
full of the oicest products of the far We.st —
gold and silver, pearls and precious stones, hides,
indigo, cochineal, sugar, and tobacco — that he
ta
III
■Wi
Fii/ni-Fiui:.
•^b3
find liiH incn ncI fmlli ; mid idiiiiidiiiit wvw \\u'
IrriiMiircs ol' H|miklini; silver pieces wliieli Cell
into the lioriiy lianilsul' Itliike's men. Ileiniide
liis first .sei/.iireon tills venture, and sent it lioine ;
llu! iiiillion WHS eonveyetl In London, under the
<liiir^(! of soldiers, and eif^lil and thirty wai^'on-
Joads of sih'ei' reeled aloll); llirollj^di the streets of
London to the Tower, amid the eheerfiil ap-
iilaiisi! of the nndlilude. lilaUi^ did not. come
lioini' ; he was still out, on those- distant, seas
waiting for, and ready to ponnee upon, more
prizes. I'erliaps many of our readers will thiid\
it II dilllcnlt Ihintf to conceive of tlds warlike
>iailor as a (iodfearing man, following up all
this mischief against the Spaidards in the fear of
Ihi! Lord ; lint it was even so ; not an oalli was
heard on hoard his vessel or vessels, the ordi-
nances (•'■ religion were followed up pnnctilions-
Iv. Why not '! he was lighting the cause of free-
ilomand faith against iiopery and ahsohilism.and
Iheir persecutions ; ainl whereas Spain and Konw?
]iad inadt! l'rot<'staiits every when! Iremhic, this
<Justavus of the seas, in turn, mad(! Spain and
ItoiiK! to Iremhle, and jtcrhaps stirred sonu! new
thoughts ahoul l'rot<'slant heroism within their
«rruel souls, lie ajipcarsto liav(! seen plainly tin;
/pherein which he had to play Ids jiart. "It is
yot for us," said he, " to mind State! affairs, hut
<o keep tlu! foreigners from fooling us ;" and his
«am(! became as terrilile to the foes of Kngland
on the sea as Crom well's on the land. — IIuod'h
</'uoMWKM,, eh. 1(), ]). 207.
ai!ia. FILTH and Diseaie. Kui/hiiu). The
sweating-siclvuess was the terror of Kngland at
ti.o heginning of the sixteenth century, as the
jilague was in the seventeenth and the cholera in
the nineteenth. Filth and imi)erfect ventilation
were umoiig the main causes of epidemic disease
in c^ach of these periods. — K.NKiii'r'H K.no., vol.
2, cu. 15. p. 'Z:>[.
2I!13. FILTH, Equality in. Jhiind Wihi^trv.
l)ani«l Wchstcr \vhen a lad . . . was one day
called lip by \\w teacher for ])unisliineiit. . . .
His Inuids happened to be very dirty. Knowing
this, ho s]>it upon the jialni of his ri<iht haiai,
wiping It otT on the side of his pantaloons. '• (jivi;
me your hand," said th(! teacher, ver} sternly.
Out went the rigiit hand, i)artly cleansed. 'I'lu-
teacher l(/)ked at it u moment, and said, " Daniel,
if you will find another hand in this room as
filthy as tnat, I will let you olT this time !" In-
stantly from behind his Imck came the hft hand.
" Here it is," was the ready rj'iily. " That will
do," .said the teacher, " foV this' time ; you can
take your ^.eat, sir." — llAV.MoND'ri J.,i.N(()I,.\, i).
748.
21 .Tl. FINANCE, Delusions in. J,>/ni Lnr. [A
Scotchman Alio financiered for Louis XIV.] A
bank was Law's first scheme— capital 6, ()()(), 000
francs, in shares of 5000 francs each ; the
.shares to bo i)aid for in four instalments — one
fourth ill coin and tliree fourths in roj/al bonds
at their par vuluc .' . . . All tax-gathci-ers [were
ordered] to receive the notes of fiie bank in pay-
ment of all sums due the government. To the
bank was soon added a company, called the
*' Company of the West," designed to settle and
trade with the French province of Louisiana.
Shares in this company where also purchasable
■with the same royal bonds at their par value,
■with the additiou'of a small percentage in coin
or bank notes. A " (luineiiComiianv" was ulsd
started for ti'iiding with the coast of Africa. . . .
'V\u' Hchemes having been laimcheil, the next
thing was to impose upon the credulity and in-
tlaiiK; the avarice of the public. A lurge engrav-
ing was |iosted . . . exhibiting a mimber of
i^oidsiana Indians rmudng to meet a group of
Frenchmen, each holding out a piece of gold-
IThe collapse of these seiiemes was more asloli
ishing than their rise.) — C'vii.oi'kdi.v ok Hiixi.,
p. 454.
!sll»5. FINANCE, Fraudulent. Hoiiw. a.i>. .')44.
The improvement of the revenue was commit-
led to Alexander, a subthi scribe, long prac-
tised in the fraud and opjiression of the Byzan-
tine schools, and whose name of I'mtUirtiitu, the
srissors, was drawn from the dexterous artifieu
with which he reduced the si/.e, without defac-
ing th(! figure, of the gfild coin. Instead of e.\.
jiediting tlie resloration of jieace and industry,
he imposed a heavy assessment on the fortunes
of the Italians. — OiiinoN's Uo.mk, eh. 4!i, j). 252.
2I.1«. FINANCE, Patriotism In. milium of
Oriiii<i<\ The city of London uiwh'rtook to ex-
tricate! the prince from his financial dilliculties.
Th(! common <'ouncil. by a unanimous vote,
engaged to find him £200,000. It was thought
a great i)roof. both of the wealth and of the
imblic spirit of the merchants of the capital,
that ill forty-eight hours the whole sum was
raised on no .se'curily but the prince's word.
A few weeks befort; .laines had been unable to
proeun; a much smaller sum, though h*' had
offered to ])ay higher interest, and to jiledge
valuable property. — ,Ma(Ai;i,.vv's K.N(;., cli. 10,
p. 5.')0.
2137. FINANCES, Unsoundness in. licstora-
UiiH. [Tlu- selfish and jirofligate government of
Charles 11. appropriated moneys designed to
sui)])ortthe navy. The Dutch invaded Kngland,
and found .sailors demoralized and ships rotting
in the jiorts. Many English sjulors on Dutch
ships cried out to their companions,] " W<' did
heretofore light for tickets ; now we fight for
dollars." . . . The sailors' wives went \\\i and
down the streets of Wai>iiing, crying, " This
comes of your not paying our husbands." [Kng-
land received a dishonor never to be; wipe'd eitf,
fre)m the eeii'ruption e)f national honor at the
fountain-head.] — IvNieiiiT's EN(i., vol. 4, eh. 17,
p. 2!)H.
2 1 ;iW. FI17E nullified. Ch.irlrs I. [He iire-
se'iited a declaratiein against ille'gal taxation anei
inne)vatie)ns in the reli.^ion of the State ; Farlia-
me'iit was not reassembled for eleve'ii ye'ars.l
Klie)t was lined £2000 ; la; very likely increaseel
the si)ite of the king by taking pre'e'autieins
against his ])()Uiieing \\\wn this valuable little
l)eculatieni ; he' saiel \m' hail two cloaks, a few
i)()e)ks, a few pairs of boots, and that was all his
personal substance, and if they coulel turn this
into £2000, much geiod might it elo tlu'in. So
the sheriffs appointed to .se'ize ii]ie)n his jiosses-
sions in ('e)rnwall, fe)r the king, were obliged to
return a niliil. — Hood's C'uomweij,, ch. 8, p. 75.
2139. FIRE, Ancient. Persians. Thenndent
re'ligion e)f Zore)a.ster, te>e), is yet pre.serveel among
the Persian Guebres, who pretend in their tem-
ples to have kept alive the .sacred lire from the
days of the great founder of their religion down
:!i!l
254
FIKK-FIUMNKSS
ti) llic present lime. — TvTI.KU'rt IIlHT., Hook (I,
ill 10. FIRE, Calamity by, li<n„r. V\vv is
tiie tll(»l piiwei'lui n;reiit nl life iiiwl )le;il|i . the
rupiil iiilMeliiel' limy lie liiiiilleil aiitl pi'iipa/raleil
iiy liie iiiilii^'ti'y or iie;;liLi'eii('e dl' iiiaiil^iiul ; ami
«'V('|-y |iei'l()(i (I tlie itoiiiaii iiiiiiiiN is iiiarl\eii liy
tlie repclitinii iif siiiiiiui' calainilies. A tiieiiiO'
ralile ((iiilla^^'atioti, the |;iiilt or ini^^t'iirtiine of
Mel'ii's reij^ii, ciiiiliMlled, tlloll^Ml witli uilei|liiil
I'lirv, eitiier six or nine days. IiiMiiiiieral>le
liiiildinv's, crowdi ij in close and crooked streets,
Mippiied perpetual fuel tortile llaines , and when
lliey ceaNt'd, tour only of the fourteen rej^fions
were left entire ; three weri' totally' destroyed,
and seven were deformed liy the relics o( smok-
ing and lacerated editlccs, — (iiitnoN'H Uo.mk,
th. 71, I). WO.
'Jill. ■ . lionii'. In the tenth year
of the leijTii of Nero, the capital of the empire
was atllicted liy a tin,' which ia;^'ed hevoiid tlu^
memory or example of former a;n('<. 'f'lic moii-
iiinents of (freci:ui art and of Uoinan virtue, the
trophies of the i'unic and <Jallie wars, the most
holy temples, and the most, splendid jialaccs
Were involved in one common deslruclion.-
GiniioNw UoMK, ch, HI, p. 1 r.
iil'l2. FIBE, Destruction by, 11// (t'onriDufnt.
lioui.s XlV,,unalile to maintain his coiiipiesls,. . ,
jfavc orders for the wholesale devaHtalion of the
I'alatiiiate hy fire and sword, for the purpose of
])reveiinnj,; the enemy's army from reoceiipyinj^
the couutry. This inhuman decree was iii.si My
carried into execution, and with far mori is-
troiis ell'ecl than in the former <'ampai>rn under
Tureiine. Ilavin;^ warned tli(! ])opulatii n to re-
lire, the French !,"'nerals .set fire to Jleidclher;;.
with the magiiiticeiit jialace of the electois. and
redui'ctl it to n mass of hlackened ruii\s. Mtiu
lieiin. Spires, Worms, ()p|)enheini, Hingen, were
condemned in succession to the llames. Crops,
fiirins, vines, orchards, fruit trees, were all de
stroyed ; and this once rich and smiling land
wa.s converted into a desolate wilderness. The;
houseless pea.sant.s, to the mimhcr of a hundred
thousand, wandered about in ah.ject lui.sery, im-
precating the vengeance of Heaven upon th(!
heartless tyrant wlio had caused their ruin. —
aTiDKNT.s'^Fu.VM K, cli. 22, ^ 18, p. 4415.
3143. FIRE, Destructive, (inr/c Fin: The
princi])al ingredient of the (Jreek tire wa.s the
iui/)fil/ii(, or li(iuid hituiiu'n, a light, tenacious,
and intlaminahle oil, whi( h -prings from the
earth, and catches tiro as .soon as it comes in con-
tact with the air. The iniphtha was mingled, I
know not hy what methods or in wh.'i' ])ropor-
tions, with sul|)hur and with the pilcli that is
extracte<l from evergreen liis. From this mixt-
ure, which produced a thick smoke and a loud
explosion, proceivled a fierce and obstinate llame,
which not only rose in |.i'r[)endicular ascent, hut
likewise hurnt with e<)ual vehemem '• in descent
or lateral progress; instead of being extin-
guished, it was nourished and (piickcned by the
element of water ; and sand, urine, or vinegar
were the only remedies that could damp the
fury of this powerful agent, which w;is justly
denominated by the Greeks the liijuid or the
TnaritiiM. lire. . . . This important art was jire-
served at Constantinople, as the palladium of the
State ; the galleys and nrtilkr;/ might occasion-
idly be lent to the allies of !{ome ; but the com-
position of the Orcek tire was coiiceah'd with tliii
most jealous scruple, and the terror of tin ene-
mies Was increased and prolonged by their igno-
rance and «urprl4e. — (hitiio.N'« H<iMi;, cU. 52,
p. 2m:!
•Jill. FIRE, Helpful. I.nmlon. 'I'lie (great )
lire of London [in n>fltt| had ri'iidered it impos
siblc to carry on the spiritual iiistrin i ii of the
people by file established clergy ^tiic parish
( huicJics' being in ruiii'-), and ihen-forc as.sem-
l)lics to hear the sermons of Presbyterians ""d
lnde|ieii<lents ucre not visited with the penal
ties of the Coini-iitiele .\( I | w hicli forbid tlve or
more Noll confoi Miists to unit<! in independent
worshipl ■ Jt \\a " .savs Haxter, "at the first
a thing too gross to forbid an undone people all
worshipping of Odd. with too great riiror ; and if
they had been .so forbidden, pover'y had left
them vo little to lose as would have luade them
desperali to go on." — Kmoiit's KN(i , vol. 4,
ch. IM, p. :«);.
ai'lA. FIRE, Holy. All<n of ,hii>itn: |.Uter
th(! Greeks had deleated the I'ersiaim they of
fered .sacrilice. | They were directe<l liy .\pollo
" To build in altar to.Iupiter, the deliverer, but
not to olTer any saeritlce upon it until they had
extinguished ail the tire in the i oiuitry (becau.si;
I it had been pollutecl by the bin Marians), and .sup-
plied themselves with ])ure tire from thecominon
altar at Delphi." Hereupon the (Jrecian gener-
als Went all over thi' eouii Iry, and caused the fires
to be put out ; and Kuehidas, a I'latiiaii, under-
t.-iking to fetch tire, with all in ii'inablc speed,
from the altar of the god, went to Delphi, sprin
kled and puritied him.self there with water, jait
a crown of laurel on his lieail, took fire from tlu'
allar, and then lia-ieiied bai to J'latiea, where
he arrived before .simset, thus ju'rlorming a
.journey of a thousand furli ngsin one day. nut
having saluted his f( llow-cili/ens, and delivered
the fire, he fell down on the spot and presently
expired. Tlic Plabeaiis carried him to the tem-
ple of Diana, surnainc'l Eucleia, and buried him
there, putting this shoit inscription on his tomb :
" Ilere lies KuchulnM, who went to Deli)hi, and
returned the same day." — I'mtahcu'h Aiusti
UKS.
illi<(. FIRE, Ignorance of. Pdcifn- hlaiulfrn.
The iuliabitantsof the Marian Islands, when they
were discovered by Magellan in 1531, had, till
that time, never seen tire, and expressed the ut-
most astonishment at if. They believed it to be
an animal which ti.xed i.-^cir I'pon wood and fed
\\\wn it. and when ap|)roacliing so near as lo be
burnt, tl'.ey thought they were bit by it. The
inhabitants of the" Philippine and Canary Islands
were, at their first discovery, in a state of eipial
ignorance. — TYTt.i:u's Hist., IJook 1, ch. 7,
p. 59,
a 117. FIRMNESS, Call to. Mill.i<nn IIT. [Wil-
liam of Orange, afterwanl King of England,
,said lie k'arned a word while crossing the Eng-
lish Channel which I" would never forget.]
When in a gn^it storm lie ca])tain was all night
crying out to the men at the helm, " Steailv !
.steady ! steady !" — KMour's Eng., vol. 4, ch.
70, p. ;f80.
ail**. FIRMNESS, Effect of. AUwaniier S:r.
eruK. While ilie enipi mr lay at Antioch, in hi.s
FISIIING-FLATTEUY
235
iu his
PiTslun ('X|M'tllll()ti, Mil- jm, ii( iilarsivi wiilcli w*-
bIihII licrfut'lir rrliiti', lli*' iiiiiiUltincrit <>f hoiiic
MoldiiTs, who Imil liccii ili^iovcrcil in llir Inillis
«»f women, cxrilctl ii wcdinon in the l('j;ioii to
which tlify lM'loiiLC''<i. .^ x.uulcr iiwcndfd Ids
triliiinid, iii)d with it mod. tirniiicHN rcprcst-iitcd
to tiic aiiiicd iniiltiliidcllif . hsoliilf tii-ci'ssily. uh
well iiH Idx inllfxibli'i-cHoliilion. of corrcclliif.' it\i!
vices iiiirudiced l>\' Ids impure prcilecessor, ; ad
of Maintaining tlic iliscipiine, wide li could iot
lie relaxed without tin* ruin of the Unnniii name
and empire. I'iieir clamors interrupted hisn>ild
expostulation. " Reserve \ our shout," said ;iie
undaunted emperor, "till you take the tield
Mpiiiisi the I'eisjans, tlie (Jerinniis, and the Siir
niatiaii He silent in tli<^ presei, c of your sia
t'PeiL'ii ,111(1 licnefaelor, who Itestous upon you
the (orn, Die elothlii;^', and the money of the
Jirovinces, Jle silent, or 1 shall no lonp'r style
you snjiliers, but ritizftiH, If tliose indeed who
disclaini the lavs t 'f Uome liiserve to lie i/uiked
amonir tiie meanest of llie people." Mis uk 'laces
intlatned tin; fury of tin; leirion, and their l)ran
dished arms alread}' Ihii'atened his ])erson.
" Vour couraj^e . . . would he more iiolily dis-
played on th«! field of lialtle ; vie you may deslroy,
you cannot intimidate ; and Iht! sexcre justice
of the republic would pinnsh your crime and le
ventre my deatli." . . . Tin- emperor pre moiuiced
tile decisive sentetice, "Citi/.ens, lay down your
arms '" ['i'hey were overwhelmed w ith sliame
and repentance.] — (Jihuon'h Romk. ( Ii. 0, ]). 1h;5.
a 1. 10. FISHING, Fraud in. Anions . [When
visiiiiii; ('l(!opalra in Kicypt he was guilty of
many follies. ] He wns a lishin;^ one day witli
Cleopatru, and had ill success, which, In the
presence of his mistress, Ik^ looked upon as a dis-
grace ; lie therefore ordered one oi his assist-
ants to div(> and put on his hook such as had
been taken before. Tliis scheme he put in prac-
tice three or four times, and ('leo])atnipci'eived
it. She iilIoctcHl. however, to be surprise at his
success ; exprcsseil her wonder to the i eoj)le
about her; and tlie day following invited ilieni
to see fresh proofs of it. When the day follnv
in^ came, the vessel was erowdtid with peoi)ie ;
and as soon as Antony had let down his line, she
ordereci one of her divers immediately to ])ut a
salt lish on his hook. AVhen Antony" found he
liad cau^dit his (ish, ho drew up his line ; and
this, as may Im; supposed, occasioned no simill
mirth amons; the specl.itors. " Go, jieneral !"
said Cleopatra ; " leave tishini? to us petty princes
of Pharos and ('anoi)us; your ;rame "is cities,
kinjidom.s, and provinces." — Pi.iT.xiuu's An-
'lONV.
2 1 50. FLAG, A despised. Unite d S tot,- m.
[During the war with England in 1H1',>.J In the
course of the year S.IO JJritish ships, carrying
300() sailors anil cargoes of immense value,
•were captured by American cruisers. . . .France
■was well pleased. . . . For awhile the Kng
lish themselves were vvell-iugh paralyzed. The
British newspapers ))urst forth ragiiig, and de-
clared that 'he time-hotiored flag of Eiigland had
been disgraced " by a piece of strijied bunting
Hying at the mast-head ot a few lir-built frig-
ates manned by a handful of . . . outlaws !"
And the comment, though stated in unpleasant
huiguage, was trii, '— Uiupath's U, S., ch, 49,
p, 3itH.
ttlAI. FLAO, Devotion to the. Sr;/i,inlJ<ii>iHr.
• or eiifht hours [.luiu :2h, liTtl) the vessi Is of
lie(Hritlsh| fleet poured a temjiest of balls upon
the fort IS\illivan, Mouili Curoliiia] : but the
walls, built of the sponiiy palmetto, were lltth;
injuicd. 'I'lie KM) ndlitiainen vvho < om|)o^cd
the garrison fought like vet( rsins. — Uini'ATii s
I . S., ch. !J9, p. ;M(H. In the fori. William .las-
per, a sergeant, perceived th.it the flag had l»eeii
cut down I . a ball from t'le enein , , and bad
falUii oviT iluf ramparts. " Colonel," said he to
.Moultrie, "don't lei us light without a tlag. '
"What canyon do? asked Miultrie; "the
stall' is lirokc n ofT." "Then, ".said l:i.sper, "111
fix it on a halberd, and place it on the merlon of
I he bastion iieAl t he enemy ; ' and lea[)liig through
n/Miid)ra,Huro, iilid braving the tliickest tire from
Ilie »hip, he took up the tlag, returned with it in
safety, and |)lanled it, as he had promised, on tlu!
summit of the merlon.— IJ.vmkuit's L. S., vol.
H, ell (i((,
•JI.VJ. FLATTERY, Artful. <;i/>tiir Qmni
y.itioliia. When the Syrian i|U<'en was broiighl
into th(( presence <>f Aurelian, he sternly asked
her liow she had presumed to rise in arms
against the emperor . of Rome. The answer of
Zciiobia was a prudent mixture of respect and
lirmness " lJecau.se 1 disdained to consider as
Roman emperors an Aureolu or a Oallieiius.
Vou alone I acknowledge as my compieror and
my sovcr<'igii." — (.Jiiiiion's 1{(imI';, ( Ii. II, p. W'u
ai53. FLATTEEY, False. U,nni VI II. [Rich,
lhe| Stieaker of the llou.se of Commons in ITiUT,
comiiarcd Henry JVIII.] to Solomon for pru-
dence, to Samson for strength, and to Absalom
for beauty — the very sun which warmed and
enlightened the universe. [History distinguishes
film as the licentious tyrant and infamous hus-
band of six successive wives.] — Knkuit's E>' ,
vol. 2, ch. 2!1, p. !W(),
ai54. FLATTEST, Fulsome. JdinoH I. [He
was called the " wisest fool in Christendom."]
His vanity was abiuidantly gratified in being
king of Great IJritain an<l Irelanii — an idisolute
king as ho believed — and not only a king, but a
master of all learning, and specially of theolog-
ical learning, of whom his . haneellor declared,
at the Hampton Court conference, that never
since our Saviour's time had the king and the
prie.st been so wonderfully united in the same
person. . . . Mis figure was ungaiidy ; his habits
were slovenly ; he was by nature a coward. —
Knuiii r's E.Nd., vol, 'A, ch. 20, p. 319.
815."^. FLATTEEY, Irritating, Fri'dem-k tJie
(Irciit. I Voltaire was made a member of the
court with great honor.] Rut even amid the
delights of the honeymoon, \ . itaire's sensitivf;
vanity began to take alarm. A few dn.ys after
his arrival he could not help telling his niece
that the amiable king had a trick of giving a sly
scratch witli on(> hand while jiatting and strok-
ing with tlie oilier. --M.\(Ai iw's FuKDERlt k
THE GtlKAT, p. (ilj.
3150. FLATTERY resented. Alexander.
While sailing down tlie Hyda.spes, Ari.stobulus.
a meam sycophant, who had composed a narra-
tion of the king's battles, was readuig to him for
his anuisement the accounts of the liuiian expe-
dition, in whicli the writer liad exaggerated iu
many circumstances palpably beyond the truth.
tm
FLATTEUY-FOCIYISM.
A)(-XHriil<>r Ncl/nl llii> )k>oU iiikI tlircw ft wllli
InillKtiiitlnti into llic rivir, tilling ihr mitlior llml
III) iiirrili'ii tint Haiiic tri'iktincnt. for liiiviii^ ult
Miirdly cntlcHvoml to iimmiifv liy ll<(i«iM iIionc
ilri'<ls whirl) lU't'ilcil IK) ('iiil)rlliNliini'til tuiitlnirl
the ikiliniriilii)ii (if nmnkiiitl. — Tvi'mjik llir«r.,
U(«.k 'J. eh. 4, i>. IICJ.
aiar. flattery r«ward«d. /v/r.Wfv'. Our
of his Miitlci'crs . . . |ii>>( iinil n ili'i'i't'<' llml Diinc
tiiiiH, wliciicvtr he vi>ll((i Athens, slioiilil Iw ic
reived willi tlu^ siiliie Iniiiois llml were paid In
('(TeMiiiid Itiieehiis ; and llml whoever exceeded
the rest in Ihe Mpleiidnr and iim^'nilieenee nf lint
reeeplioii lieKnue llml prince Mhoiild hitve inntiey
out of the Inasiiry Id eimlile hiiii In sel, up
MdiiK' piiiUH nieiiKirial of his succes.s. 'I'hese in-
Nttiiiees (if adtilHtion ((included vs illi llieir chaii^
lliK the iianie (if Ihe iMinith .\fini//r/uoii lo Ihiiif
trion, with callin< the last, <hiy (if every iiKinth
DeindridK ; and Ihe lUoin/Hin, (ir feasts ( if Hac
cliUH, Ih lliilvitl. — I'M'rAllt H'rt Dk.mktiim M.
31AM. FLEET, Immenie. I'mrii/iss. Ilerac
lian, Count of Africa, who, under Ihe most dilll
<'ult and diHtressful eircunislances, had support-
fd with active loyally thn eaiiso of lloiioiius,
■was tempted, in ihe year of his consulship, lo
iiHsuine Ihe character (if a reliel and Ww litl<( of
t'liiperor. 'I'Ik! ports of Africa were immediately
lllled with Ihe naval forces, at the head of wliicli
lie i)rei)are(l to invade Italy ; and his Heel, when
it cast anchor at the moiitii of the 'I'iltcr, indeed
hurpasscd the Heels of Xeixes and Alexander, if
all the Vessels, including!; iUc royal pilley and
the smallest lioat, did actually aiilount lo the in-
crcdihh! number of ',V2W. Vet with such an ar-
manenl, w hich mi<,dit have Hubverted or reslored
the Ki'i''ili'>*t empires of the earth, Ihe African
usurper made a very faint and feeble impression
on Ihe provinces of his rival. As he marched
from the port.alon^ the road which leads to the
friites of Uome, he was eiicountered, territled,
and routed byoiieof Ihe Imperial captains ; and
the lord of this mi,i,'ht^' host, desertini,' hi* fort-
une and his friends, iL'nominiously tied with ii
sin/,d(; ship. — OiiiiioNs JIo.mk, <h. ill.
31 A9. FLOGGING, Comfort under. /{<i\ Stm-
vd JolntHO)!. I He Imd written tracts against
liomaii Catholicism. Ueiiru of James II. | TIk;
<lay appointed for the tlogjrinj; came. A whip
of nine lashes was used. Three, hundred and
seventeen striiics were intlieted ; but the suf-
ferer never winced. He afterward said that
the pain was cruel, but that, as Ik; was dra^^^'ed
at the tail of llu; cart, lui renK'inbered how
patiently the cross had Ih-cu borne up Mount
Calvary, and was so nuich supported by the
thought that, but for the fear of incurrint,^ the
suspicion of vain;,dory, he would have simi,' a
psalm with as firm anil cheerful ii voice as if he
had Ixicn worshi]>pini,' (Jod in Ihe congregation.
— Mac.vi;i,.\v's E\(i., eh. (i, ji. iJ!).
3160. FLOGGING, Excessive. Tit'i.i ()„fr.t. [Ti-
tus (Jatcs, the infaiiKius scoundrel and jwrjurer,
■was HoL'ged seventeen hundred lashes iii two
days.] Flogging under the government of James
II. became a favorite punishment, — Knight's
Eng., vol. 4, ch. 24, p. a67.
3161. FLOWEK, Mysterious. Golden Itoxe. The
mis-sion of Miltltz was to deprive Luther of liis
patron's support, and then to lead liim away to
Home. To this end the papal unibtissador aj)
piared bel'ire Ihe Kleetor, preseiiling hiin with li
diKiliigulsli. (i emblem of gracious favor, Hut
golden rose. This wa»<'*ii very precloiiH and
inysierloiis prcKeiii, " which the pope was acciiH
lomed annually to bestow unon that emliienl
Chrisllaii piiiK'e who had reii(lei'( d good servieit
to the aposliilic autlioillv, the I'ope at Koine.
iMIIlil/, was comml.ssionc(l to present this golden
rose lo Ihe Kleetor of Naxony, to the intent that
the divine frai^rance of this llower should pene-
trate the heart of l-'icderick, so that he iidght re
celve Ihe re((iiests of Ihe ambassador w ith a liioiiH
regard, and Ic disposed willi gl(iwin« anlor (o
carry out iIk' sacred wishes of the Pope. Al
least this nmcli was expected in |{(ime from tlio
fragraiK (' if the golden rose. Irreverent wiu
remarked that if the rose Imd arrived sooner in
Wittenlierg lis perfuim; Wdiild have Ikcii inoro
agreeable ; for it Imd lost its fragiance on llio
long and wearisome Journey I— Uij.n s Litiikk,
eh. T), p. r»H.
3 1 63. FLOWERS in Blood. II V/ r »/ th,' llomm.
KJIoucesler had been adverse lo Ihe marriagi^ of
Niargaret of Anjou to Henry VII. | The wuko
of (tlouccster was arrested soon after on an accu-
sation of treason, and was next morning found
dead in his bed. These outrageous proceeding.s
produced the realesi disgust in Ihe minds of th(<
people against the iiueeii and the cardinal of
\Vincliesier, and rciKlered the king's naiiK', who
was Huiipos.'d at least locounteiiaiu'e these enor-
mities, both odious and des|)icable. It was Iho
time for a competitor to start forth aiKl lo avail
himself of this general disalTeetion to the prince
on the throne. This competitor was Kichard,
duk(! of Vork, a descendant, by the molher'.s
side, from IJoik'I, who was one of Ihe sons of
Kdward III,, aiKl elder brother to John of (Jaunt,
from whom the present monarch wasdeseended.
Kichard, llierefore, stood plainly in right of siicr-
cession before Henry. He bort; for his ensign a
white rose, while Henry bore a red one ; and this
circumstance gave the name to Ihe two factions
which deluged Kngland in blood. — Tvtlku's
Hist., Hook (I, ch. 14.
3I6!I. FLOWERS, Influence of. Wur<h,rorf/i.
[TIk' poet's mother died when he was eight years
old.) 1 remember my iiHilher only in .soiiKf
f(!w situations, oik; of which was her pinning a
iKi.segav lo my breast when I was goinu to catc;-
chism 111 the church, as was customary before
Easter. — .Mvku's Woudswoktii, ch. 1.
316.1. FOGYISM, Judicial. Lmrnii,;! iimUeny.
Lord Campbell says, " 1 have heard the late Lonl
Lllenborough, from the bench, regret the
change [re(|uiring lawyers to i)lead in English in-
stead of liatinj, on the ground that it has had
th(! tendency to mak(; atlonu-ys illiterate." —
Knkiht'h En(i., vol. 0, ch. 4, p.'Od.
3165. FOGYISM an Obstacle. uVmnifiiHnres.
An act of KitlH recites, that the wood and timber
of the crown in the forest <>f Dean had beconu;
totally destrov ed. The nninufaeture of in)n was
unpopular. Many said, " It were well if there
were no iron works in England, and it was bet-
ter when no iron was made in England ; the iron
works destroy all the woods, and foreign iron
from Spain will do better and last longer." —
Knioiit'w Eno., vol. 5, ch. 1, p. 12.
F()(}YISM-F()()r).
2.T?
nl
110
tl.S
ro
(-
on
nn
turn. rOOTIBV unTelUd. Hnti>,/,. It Ih iml
iinil Unit. Ill \[tn <liHHiiiiM||('il v\itli llic |irrM<'iil, vvi'
Hliitiild iMi'iimtdo riiviiriilil*'('Hliiiutti'<it' ilic iiuhI.
... Il In now the fitxhion to plurr IIm- u;<iIi|i'||
aK<' of t',lit{litllil ill liliK's wlii'ii iiolilciiicii were
dcHiitiiU' III' comforts ihr wuiil of whirli wowhl
III' iiiiiilrriililr Ion iiiotii'rii fooiiiiiin ; w lull fiiriii
iTM :illi| »l|op kci'lM'I'H lil'cilkfllHll'il on jniiVfs tlic
M'i'\ ^iv'lii ol wliirli woiilil I'liiNi' a riiii in u moil
( I'l Will k llolLSi' ; wlli'll lliril lliril fiisliT ill llll'
I'liri"-' cniiiilry iiirlliiiii lliry now ilirin lliriiio>i
I'irHlili iitiiil liiiics of olir towns ; ami wlirti liirli
dii'il la--ti'i' in the liini's of our towns tlimi tlii'v
now llic nil till- coast, of (Jiiiatia. — .M AIM i.AV H
Eso.. I h. :i. p. :tiHt.
illOr. FOLLOWER, An Inferior, tln.k- /Jii-
prrnr. I '.lioiilil perhaps compuic llic Jlnipcror
Alexius lo llic jackal, wlio is saiil to follow the
.slips ami to ilcvoiir llic IciiviiiLCs of the linii.
W halcMr hail hceii his fears ami toils hi the pas
MiL'i'of the |irsl. crusaile. they w ere amply recom
pellseil hy the suliseipiclit licncllls which he i|e
ri\eil fidiii the exploits of I he Franks.— (iiiiiKi.SH
J{i>MK, ell. oK, p. I.
iil4l«l. FOLLY, Delight in. yW/r/'>7<. Diseoiirs
injj; one ilay, in ii >;ra\e tone, on llie practice of
virtue, when he oltserveil his aiiiiitors ilroppiiiir
iilT, he liciiiiii all at once to liawl oiil a soii^ of
rihalilry ami noiiMeiise, when immeiliiitely a u'reat,
crowil iralhered iirouml him. "Sec," .said he,
" liow williiii,dy a fool is listened to, when a
wise man is ncj^lcctcd. " — TviLKti's llisr., IJook
^', ill. II, p. -.'TO.
amn. folly incurable. ,f,n,„:i If. J.iincs,
lis Usual, I lime to the help of his enemies. A
letter from liim lo the convention liiid just, ar-
rived in iiondon. . . . No memlier of cither
house ventured to jiropose tliat ii paper which
came from such ii (piartcr should he read. The
contents, however, were well known to all the
town. His .Majesty exhorted the l.ordsaiid Com-
mons not to despair of his eleineiicy, and ijra-
ciously assured llieni that he would pardon those
who iiad hetrayiMJ liim, some few cxccpled,
wlioiii he did not name. How was it possilile to
doaiiylhiiiLr for ii prince who, vunipiished, de-
serleii, banished, liviiij; on alms, told those who
were the arliiters of his fate that, if they would
.set him on lii.s Miroiie airaiii, he would only liaiiLT
a few of Iheiii. j.Vftcr the overllirow of James
a convention met to dispo.se of the throne. J —
M.vcaii.av'h K\(i., cli. 10, p. olM.
tJ I ro. FOLLY, Learned. DinpntiH. |I'ericles
was aliused liy his .son Xaiithippus in this man
iier:| He e.xpo.sed and ridiculed the company
lie kejit in his house and tlie conversations lie
held with tlu; philosophers, ilc .said that K|)iti-
mius, the I'iiiirsalian, haviiiij; undesiirnediy killed
ahorse with a javelin which he threw at Iheiiuli-
lic trames, his father spent a whole day in dis-
piitinir with I'rotoiroriis which mi^jlit he prop-
erly deemed the cause of his death — the javelin,
or the man that threw it, or the president of the
games. — I'i.i'ta tail's I'kiik'MCS.
airi. FOLLY rebuked. Jomi ,>f Arc. At IJour-
gt's, when tlu! woman prayed her to touch cros.ses
and oliaplcts, alio bepin laujfhiiiK, und said to
Dame Marguerite, at wliose hou.se she was .stay-
ing, "Tou(;h them yourself ; tiiey will 1h' just as
ijood."— MlCHELET s JoAfT ov A'kc", p. 35.
)ll 74. FOLLY, S«llfiona. r.^miliniiii 'V\wv\-
trttviitfitnt length to which the Kgypliium cur-
ried their veiierailoii for their coiiHt-crtiled itni-
maU I'.xcccdH all JN-lief. 'I'lie xacri'il crocodile,
the dog. or the cut were kept in iiii encloH«'d
spai'c Hct apart, ad |oining to the temples dedicat-
ed to their worship. They were coiisiantiv at-
tended hy ineii of the liighcxl rank, whose fiusj-
ness was to provide them w Itli the i hoicest viclll-
iiIm, which they were at pains to dress in the man-
ner they supposed liiosl agrecalile to their palilte.
They uashcil tliein in wiiriii lialhs. and anointed
them with the llchesi perfumes. The IlliesI car-
pets Were spreiiil for them to Ii" on ; chains of
gold and circlets of precious stiiiii-% wire hung
around their lei;s and necks ; and when the stii-
iiid iiiiimal, iiiseiisilile of the honors iliiit were
iieslowedon him, died like llie I'esj of his kind,
the whole province was tilled with laniciilation ;
and not only the fortunes uf the iiriesls Iml the
piihlic revenue wiis wilhoiil scruple expended in
the performance of llie inosi sumptuous funeral
(iliseijllies.— Tvri.llU's lllsi'.. Monk l,cll. -1.
il 1 7:i. FOOD, Abominable. 7'iiifiirH. Corn is
a liiilky and perishalile coii.modity : and the
large miigazines, which are iiidispeii>.iilily neces
saiy for the sulisistciiee of our troops, must he
slow Iv tr.'insported hy the hihor of men or horses.
Hut tlie lloeks mid herds which accompany the
march of I he Tartars alTord a sure and incrciiHiiig
supply of llesli and milk ; in the far greater purl
of the uncullivated waste the vegetation of the
grass is quick and liixuriant ; and lliere are few
places so extremely hiirren that the hanly cattle
of the .North cannot lind .miiiic toleralile pasture.
The supjily is multiplied and prolonged liy the
undistiiiguishing appetite iind patieiil alistinence
of the 'i'liitars. They inililTcrcntly feed on the
llesli of those animals that have heeii killed
for the talile or have; ilied of disease. Morsc-
tlesh, w hicli in every age and country has heeii
inoscrilpcd hy the civili/.i d iialions of Eurojio
and Asia, they devour with peculiar greedines,s ;
and this singular taste faciliti les the .success of
their mililarv operations. I he iicli ve ciivalry of
Scytliia is always followed, in 'heir mo.st distant
and rapid incursions, by an adeipiate number of
spare horses, who may be occasionally used,
either to redouble the sjieed or to .satisfy the
huiiuer of the barbarians. — Uihiion's JioMK,
ch. -M.
air. I. FOOD, Animal. Kiii;i <[f the Ihnis. The
dress of Attila, his arms, and the furniture of
his horse were plain, wiltiout ornament, and of
a single color. The royal tatile was served in
wooden cups and platters; tlesh was his imly
food ; and the (onipieror of the North never
tasted the luxury of b.veiid.— (Jihhon's Udmk,
ch. ;!4.
2175. FOOD, Changei in. Rn;in of ('h<n-hi* IT.
The rotation of crops was very imperfectly un-
derstood. . . . It was, llierefore, by iioineiinseasy
to keep [cattle] alive during the season when
the grass is scanty. They were killed in great
numbers, and salted at the beginning of the cold
weullier; and during several months even the gen-
try tasted .sciipcely any fresh animal food, except
giime and river lish. . . . In the reign of Henry
VII. fresh meiit was never eaten, even by the
gentlemen attendant on a great earl, except dur-
ing tlie sliort interval between midsuinnier and
.f< I
m
!r '
.r-— ^^.
258
FOOD— FORCE.
Michaelmas. But in the ccnirso of two centuries
an iniprnvemont liad taken place ; and luuler
diaries II. it was not till the ix'fjjiiininj.'- o.' No-
veinher that families laid in their stocii of salt
jirovisioiis, then called Jlurtinmas beef. — M.v-
lAi'L.w's E.N(i.,ch. 15, p. 'M\i.
3176. FOOD, Chosen. Lord Pdlwirs/on. It is
reported of !j(inl Palmerston, the late j)rime
minister of Eni^land, that whenever he enjiajred
a new cook he use<l to say 1o liim ; " 1 wish
you to prepare wiiat is called a i,''ood talile for
niv.iTuests ; l)ui 'or itn' there must mUvmvs lie a le;;'
ot'mutton and an apple-pie. ■■ . . . V life like this
Lord I'j'lmerstoii led for lifty-scvcn years, suj)-
portinu; liiv' animal man on such fare as roast
mutton and apple pie. He could not have doiu^
it on tiu'tle and venison, still less on our Ameri
<aii hot hread, buckwheat cakes, and fried meat.
--Cvci.oeKDi.v OK Hiod., ]). 49!>.
2177. FOOD, Dangerous. /V.w// Yitcn. The Ind-
ians . . . l)roujj;ht . . . cakes of a kind (dlai'ad
called cas.sava, which constituted a principal i)art
of their food, and was afterward an important
arucle of provisions with the Spaniards. It was
formed from a fjreat root called yuca, which
they cultivated in tields. Tiiis they cut into
small morsels, which they f;:rated or scraped, and
strained in a ])ress, makini,' a broad thin cake,
Avhich was afterwiu'd dried hard, and wouhl
keej) for a long time, beini; steei)ed in water
^.•llen eaten. It wa.s insipid, lUt nourishing,
though the water strained from it in the prepa-
ra;ion was a deadly poisf'n. There was another
kind of yuca destitute ol this poisonous ((uality
which was eaten in the root, eitlier boih'd (ir
roasted. — luviNci's Coiii-Mnis, Hook 4, ch. 15.
217S. FOOD, Extravaganje in. Sin;/iiir/ B/ri/n.
..E opus Clodius, a famous Roman actor, lived in
the most luxurious manner, and once served up
a dish of singing birds that cost .$4()()() at a ban-
quet. — A.M. ('vc'i-oi'Ki)r.\, ".Esuris."
2179. FOOD, Figure by. /^jxirioiis. The first
intention of llieir spare diet, a subordinate one,
is to make them grow tall. For when the ani-
mal .spirits are not too much o])pressed by a great
<)uantity of food, which stretches itself out in
breadth and thickness, they mount upward l)y
their natund lightness and the body easily anil
freely shoots up in height. This alsii contributes
lo make them hand.some ; fo*" thin and slender
habits yield niore freely to nature, wliich then
gives a line ]iroportion to the liml)s, while the
heavy and gro.ss resist her by their weight. —
Pl.UTAUC'll's LVCUKGIS.
21 §0, FOOD, Mind affected by. ^r<i/low< t. [The
Arab.s relate that the king of Persia, hearing the
renown of Mahomet,] asked : " What aliment
is he fed upon?" " Rread and dieese," it was
replied. " So I thought," rejoined the monarch,
" for milk and dates could not produce this sub-
tlety." — La.m.\i{tine's Tuukev, p. CO.
2181. FOOD, Poor. Englaml. Meat was also
cheaix'r, but was still so dear that there were
■,iu\i(ireds of tlu)u.sands of families who scarcely
knew the taste of it. In the cost of wheat tliere
lias been very little change. The average price
of tiie quarter, during the la.st twelve years of
Charles II., wa.s fifty shillings. Bread, therefore,
such as is now given to the inmates of a work-
iiouse, was tlien seldom seen,(vei) on the tren-
cher of a yeoman or of a shopkeeper. The great
majority of the nation lived almost entirely on
rye', barley, and oats.— Macaii.ay'hEn*;., ch. ;{,
p. :«)1.
21«2. FOOD, Public. SpurUtii Ttihhu. Tlu;
whole citizens of the rejiublic were divided
into vicinages of fifteen families, and each vi-
ciiiagi' had a common l.ilile, where all were
obliged Iodine. . . without distinction of ranks —
the kings, seiiiitois and magistrates, indiscrimi-
nately witli the |)eo|ile. llcir ;dl ])artook of the
same homely fare, dressed in the sinii)]est nnd
most frugal manner. At those public tables tho
_\oiilh not only learned moderalioii and temper-
ance, but wisdom and good morals. Tlie com cr-
sation was regulated ii;id pri's{ ribed. It turned
solely <ai such subjects as tended to instil into the
niiiHls of the risini; generation the iirinciples of
virtue, and that atTeclioii fia- their country which
characleri/es tla^ worthy citizens of every gov-
ernment, but was jieeuliarly eminent under the
Spartan constitution. — Tvti.kh'sIIist., Book 1,
eh. !).
21M3. FOOT), Regard for. Saunu' Jolnixoii.
I never knew iiiy man who relished gniMl eating
more than he did. When at tabU; hr was to-
tally alisorbed in the business of the moment ;
his "looks seemed riveted to his plate ; iinr would
lie, unless when in very high '■ompany, say one
word, or even pay the least attention to what
was said by oiliers, till he had satisfied his ajipe-
tite, which was so tierce, and i idulged with
such intenseness, that «hile in the act of eating
the veins of his forelaad swelled, and generally
a .strong iHU'spiratioii was visible. To those
whose sensations were delicate this c(nild not
nut lie disgusti'.ig ; and it was doubtless not very
suitable to the cliaracter of a philo.soiiher, who
should lie distinguished by .self-eoramaud. —
Boswi:i,i,'s .loiiNsoN, )). 1.511.
2184. FOOD, Suspicious. W((tcriiHi-ph,iv. Eng-
land, however, was not, in tiie .se. entreiith cen-
tury, destitute of watering-])!aces. The gentry
of i)erl)3shin^ and of the neighboring counties
repaired to Buxton, where they were crowded
into low wooden sheds, and regaled with oat-
cake and with a viand which the hosts called
mutton, l)Ut wht.h the guests strongly sujjx'ctcd
to be dog. — Macai LAYS E.NO., ch. 'A. p. Wi'i.
2185. FOOD, Variety in. Kmpfrov Khujuh-
(ibix. The invenii(,n of a new sauce was liber-
all}' rewarded ; iiut if it was not relished, the
inventor was confined to eat of nothing else till
he had discovered another more agreeable to
the Imperial palate. — N'ote in Giuhon's Ro.mk,
ch. 6, p. 17'..'.
2116. FOOD, Wonder in. Lmidon. The great-
est wonder that London presented to a Ne.. Ze.i-
lander, who was brought to England some years
ago, was the mystery <if feeding an immense
population, as lie .saw neither cattle norcrojis. —
Knight's EN(i., vol. 8, ch. 22, p. 388.
2187. FORCE, Distinguished by. C/i<irlis }r,iv.
t(i. [The deliverer of Europe from the Saracens.]
The Arabian tket might have .sailed without a
naval combat into the mouth of the Thames.
Perhaps the interpretation of the Koran would
now be tauglit in the schools of Oxford, and her
pulpits might demonstrate to a circumcised peo-
ple the sanctity and truth of the revelation of
FORCE— FORGERY.
259
Mn'.MT.iet,. From such culuinitics was Christen-
dom (klivored by tlic gciuiis and fortiiiic of one
man. riijirles, tli(! illetritiniale son of the elder
I'ep'.n, was cuiitent with tlie titles of mayor or
duke of the Franks ; hut he deserved to l)eeom((
*Jie father of a line of kinirs. . . . The eiiithet
'.if Mitrtii, tli(! lldinniir, which iias been added
li) the name of Charles, is e.xpre.ssive of his
■<veiy;h1y and irresistible strokes. — Gnmo.N's
]{()Mi:. eh. 51.
21 SW. FO Z, Fictitious, Qn(( ii of Srola. Some
ilay.s after the ','4ih of Aprij, while returning,'
Irom Stirlinu:, where she had been visiliii;;- her
^on, Hothwell, with a body of his friends, awail-
«.d her at Almond iJridii'e, si.\ nnles from Kdin-
biirj^h. He di.-:nounied from his hoise, respect-
fully took hold of the bridal of the (pieen's pal-
fry, feii,nied u sliLTht compulsion, and conducted
his Voluntary cajjlive to the c.istle of I)uid)ar, of
which he was !j,Dvernor. as warden of the bor-
ders. There she |)assed with him eiirht days, as
if sufTerini^r violence, and returned on the bth of
May with idin to Ediid)uriz:h, " resiLrned," sht;
said, "to marry with her consent him wlio had
disposed of her by force." '!"liis comedy deceived
no one, but saved .Mary ^rom the o])en accu-
sa*i()n of espousinir from choice the assa.ssin
oi her Imsband. JJothweli . , . had three other
wives liviui^ Bj jjjold or threat.s he got rid of
two, and In; divorced the third ; . . . to .secure
this divorce, he cou.sented to be fo'.ind guilty
of adultery. — L.vm.vutink's M.miy Q^''-''-^ ^'i*'
Sco'rs, p. lil.
21M9. FOREIGNEBS, Antipathy to. lu/i/ptiiiiix.
AV'e have seen the E'^yptians, a ]ieople rcmark-
al)le for their early ci\ ili/ation, for tlu; anti(pnty
of their government, the systematic order of tiieir
civil ]K)licy, the wisdom of many of their laws,
and their singular jirogre.ss in the ,irts, at a pe-
riod when almost all tin; nations of die earth were
sunk in ignorance and barbarisn.. It must,
therefore, without doubt, a])pear e.xtraordirary
that, with, all the.se advantages, the character of
this peoitle was held e.xtremelj' low, and even
despisable among tln^ contemporary nations of
anticpnty. This peculiarily ma}', perhaps, be
traced up to a single cause. Tliey were a peo-
jile who chose to .secpiester themselves from the
rest of mankind, a i.l obstinately or fastidiously
refu.sed all correspondence with other nations.
They were not known to them by their concpie.sts;
they had no eonneetiou with them by their com-
merce ; and tliey had a rooted a!iti]iathy to the
manners, and even to the persons of all stran-
gers. — Tyti.ku's Hist., Book 1, ch. 4.
i2190. FOREIGNEBS dishonored. Athni.'<. It
wius a law at Athens, that every citizen who had
a foreigner to his motlur should be deemed a
bastard, though l)orn in wedlock, and should con-
sequently be incapable of inheriting his father's
estate. — Plitakcii's Tiik.mistocle:^, L.\x(J-
hohne's Note.
2191 . FOREIGNERS feared. Spaiia. [Lycnr-
giis forbid strangers] to resort to Sparta who
<oidd not a.ssign a good rea.son for their coming ;
not, as Tliueydides says, out of fear they shouhl
inutate the eon.'titution of that city, and make
improvements in virtue, Init lest tli"y .should
teacli his own people some evil. For along with
foreigners come new subjects of discourse ; new
discourse produces new o[)inioiis ; and from these
there neces.sarily spring new jiassionsand desires,
which, like di.seords in music, would disturb the
established government. He therefore thought
it more expedient for the city to keep out of
it corrupt customs and manners, than even to
prevent the introduction of a pestilence. — I'lu-
t-vhch's Lvc lutirs.
2 1 f>2. FORGERY confessed, /fad I'pon llio
accession of Philip [V'l.J Uobert, Coiuu of Ar-
lois, became one of the most intluential and
powerful persons in the kingdom, and he deter-
mined to make a third attempt to recover the
|>o.s.sessions of his ancestors. It was not likely,
liowerer. thai the Court of Peers wo\dd be in-
duced III reverse its former judgments. excei)t
upon th( strength of fresh and conclusive evi-
dence ; an<l the count accordingly gave out that
certain nus.sing documents had lately come to
light which would establish his claim lieyond
dispute. The trial ])rocceded, and I{obert's ])rin-
cipal wiiness. a young lady of Betlnme, named
.Icaime de l)i\ion, at length ]iroduced a jiacket
of i)apers, which had hitherto iiecn secreted, she
said, by the late Bisho]) of Arras, the fi'iend and
I nunister of tin; last Coiml oi Artois, and placed
j in her hancis by the deceased prelate on his
I death-bed. Amont; these jiaiurs was a deed by
which tne coiuUy of Artois \\as formerly be-
(pieathed to Philip, son of Robert II., and father
[ of the ])resent claimant, who would of course
j have succ'eded a.s the natural heir. The evi-
I dence, however, upon this critical point being
{ severely sifted, the witnesses began to hesitate,
I grew confn.si'ti, jn-evaricated, contradicted each
I other, and the Demoi.selle de Divion, struck with
j remorse, at length confessed that she had been
' gtdlty of a wliole.sale forgery, denomicing at
; the same time .leanne of Valois, Robert's wife,
as lier iiceompliee in the fraud. . . . .leanne
de Divion was at once (ondemned, and i>aid the
j forfeit >f her crime by being burnt at the stiike,
together with others of the perjured witnesses.
— Stuikms' Fu.xnck, eh. 10, «i :{.
219;i. FORGERY, Converient. Jlonuni Em-
peror Cdriniis. A contiili'iitial sc(relury. who
had ac(pdred uncommon skill in the art of for-
gery, delivered the indolent emperor, with his
own consent, from the irksome duty of >igning
his name. — Giiu'.o.n's Ko.me, eh. 12.
2I9.I. FORGERY, A delusive. WilUom of 0) .
cnif/c. [He hid invaded England. A manifesto
apiieared under the ajiparent hand iind seal of
the prince.] \'eiigean(c alien from the usages
of ( hristian and civili/.ed nations was denounced
against all jiaiiists who should dare to espouses
tile royal cause. They should be treated, not as
soldiei's or gentlemen, bul as fn'cbooters. The
ferocity and licentiousness of the invading army,
which had hitherto iieen restrained with a strong
hand, should be let loose on them. (,!o()d Prot-
estants, and esjH'ciallv those v, ho inhidiited the
ca])ital, were adjured, as they valued all that
was dear to them, and commanded, on jniil of
the prince's highest disjilcasure, to.sei/.e. disarm,
and imprison their Roman Catholic neighbors.
This document, it is .said, was found by a Whig
bookseller one morning under his shop door.
He made haste to jirinl it. Many copies were
disjK'r.sed by tl.e jiost, and passed rapidly from
hand to hand. Di.scerning men liad no difficul-
ty in iironouncing it a forgery devised by some
ii I
m
2G0
FOIiGERY— FORSAKEN.
m
uiKiuict iiiKi unprincipled udvonturcr, such as,
ill trouhlcil times, ure iilways busy in tiic foulest
iiiid darkest otlices of faction. Hut the multitude
wascominelelv duped. — M.vtAii,.\v's Kn(;,, eh.
!t, p. 4!U.
«I05. FORGERY, Perilous. /Vm. .\.i). isi:],
|\\'lieu Xa|)(ileoii wis relrealinLr from .Moscow,]
;ui ollicer liy the uumv of .Mallet forged an ac-
count of the death of Napoleon. Avaiiinn'
himself of tl' ' panic w liicli liie aiuiouncemenl
caused, he trathercd around him a few inindred
of the .Xalioii'ii (luard, and made tiie most auda-
cious allempt to lake into his own hands the
reigns of ]iower. The cons linitor. however, was
soon arrc-.te(l and siml. — .\iU!(ir'is Nai'oi.ko.n
15,, vol. ','. cli, 1 1.
aiJ»«. F0RGETFULNES3 desired. '/'/»/// W.-
rhx. When Simonides olfcred to li a( li 'j'lie-
mntocies I lie art of memory, he answered, .Mi I
rather lea<h nic the art of forgelting ; for I often
rememher \\ hat I would not, and cannot forget
what 1 would." — I'l.fiAUc us 'rui:MisT()Ci,i-.s,
1, \.\ou()1!m;'s Xori;.
'2l{>r. FORGIVENESS, Christiar. T/n' Turk.
[Kouiann-^] tiie suecessor(jf Coiislantine, iu ii, jile-
hi'ian iiahil, w is led into the TurUish divan, and
commnnd'd to kiss the gr"'iiid before tiie lord
of Asia, lie i"luctatitly olicycd ; and Alp Ar.s-
lan, starting from his throne, is s;nd to have
planted his fool on the neck of the Hon"'" em
pel' I. . . . In the preliiniii.'iries of negotiation.
Alp AiNlan asked him what treatment hee.viiect-
cd to receive, and the calm indilfcien.:'!' of )lie
empeinr dispj.ays the frei'dom of his mind. " If
you are cruel," said he, "you will take my life;
if you listen to pride, you will drag me at jour
cliariol-wheels ; if you consult your iiiieresi, you
\s\\\ accept a I'lUisom, and restore me to my
country." " And \\liat," continued the sulta:).
"wduld li;ive heeii your own behavior had lort- I
line smiled on your arms v" The re|)ly of tla;
Oreek betrays a vntinient which |iiudenci' ;i,d
e\-en gr.ttilude, should Inive laugiii him to sup
liress, ■Had I vaiicpdshed," he fiereeb- said,
" I Would have intlictetl ou 'Iiy body many a
stripe." The Turkish coni]ueror smiled at the
insolence of his ca|)live ; obs Tved that tiie
Christian law inculcated the love of enemies iind
forgi\'ene-s of injuries ; and nobly decli,i-ed that }
he Would not imitate an example which lie con- |
denuicd. — (Jihuon's Komi;, ch. Tu. \
2 1 ft**. FORGIVENESS for the Dead. \,ii>ohoii
]. \\\ the Icittle of Wagram] Xiijioleon recog-
ni/;ed among the slain a colonel wiio lad giNcii
him cause foi-displcasure. He stn|)pe(l and ga/e(l ;
for a moment ii|)oii his sadly mutilated body '[
stretched upon the goiy field, and s;iid, with
emotions wliicli every generous lie,irt will un- |
derstand, " I regi'et not ha\-ing been able to speak i
to him before the brittle, in oi'der to tell him that. :
I had long forgotten e\'crytliing. " — AiuioTT's
Nai'oi.ioo.n I)., vol. 2, eh. !K
2199. FORGIVENESS, Gen<^rou8, John Wrn-
hi/. .losepli IJradford was for manv years the
trav(>lling companion of the Rev, .lohn Wesley,
.ind considered no assista:ice to him too servile,
but was subject to changes of temper. Wesley '
directed him to carry ;■. jiiickage of letters to the
post ; Bradford wislled to hear his sermon first ;
fused. "Then," said Wesley, "you and I must
])art." " \'ery good, sir," replied Hriidford. . . .
Tliey slept over it. On rising the ne.\* morning
\Vesley accosted his old friend and asked if ho
had considered what he had said, that " th.ey
must part." "Yes, sir," replied iJradfoni.
" And must "wo part ';•" iiKpiired Wesley.
" I'lease yourself, sir," was tlu' rejily. " \Vill
you ask my pardon V " rejoined Wesley, " No,
sir." " Voii won't ?" " Xo, sir." "Then I will
ask yours !" replied the great man. Bradford
melted under the e\am|ile, and wept like a
child. — Sri;\ i;ns' .".''yriKUUsM, \(il. ^', p. ;i.s().
2'200. . /.""/•< AT/. (When Louis
Xil. w,is made king the| magistrates of Or-
leans, who sent a deputation to ask ]iardon , . .
for indignities w liicli he had sulTered whilea jiris-
oner in that city, were dismissi'd with the gener-
ous and celebrated answer that "it did not be-
come the King of France to resent the injuries
of tlie Di'ke of Orleans. '—Sri dknts' Fha.nck,
ch. l:}, s: 1.
2201. FORGIVENESS impossible. I)in,rrr of
.losrpliiiir. It is the great and the inefTable slain
which rests upon the character of Xapoleon.
.losephine the gentle, the loving, the magnani-
mous, forgave him. The world never can. . . .
Napo'eou himself was constrained to confess
that :l was the greatest calamity of his life. — An-
iior'i's X.\i'oi.i;o.N B., v(j1. 'i., ch. :S.
2202. FORGIVENESS, Prospective. Fmln--
o'/,- Williiiiii. |On his de:ilh bed the minister
reminded him of the need of confession of sin ]
" Well— is there anything more ? Out with it,
the. I b( III r now than too late !" [And ccitaiu
buili^ i.V opeiaiions of an opjiressive character
come I nder review.] . . . " And then there is
forgiveness of enemies; _\ our Majesty is boiind
to forgive all men, or how can you ask to be
forgiven ?" " \\ ell, I will ; I do. You J'eekiii
I his wife. Queen So]ihie], write to j'our brother
(iinforgiveablest of beings), after I am dead, that
[ forgave him, died in jieace willi him." " J5etler
her .Majesty should wiite at once," suggests
liololf. " No, after I am dead," jiersists the son
of nature, " tliat will be .safer !" An uiiwedgcabk'
and gnarled big block of manhood and simplicity
and sincerity ; such as we rarely get sight of
among the iii idern sons ,if Adam, among the
crowned sous nearly never. At parting lu,' said to
Holotf, "You (AV, lie) do not si)are me; it is
right. You do your iluty like an honest ('hii.-.tian
maii."--('.MU,Y',i:'s l'iii;m:ifi( k 'inv: Gui:;at,
vol. '.2, pp. (isi-c-s:!.
220;t. FORSAKEN, Justly, .A///^.'* If. On the
morning of the ^tith [liis Protestant daughter)
Anne's apartment was found em])ty ; the con-
sternation was great in \\ hitehiill. The ladies
of her bed-chamber ran up and down the courts
of the palace, screaming and wringing their
hands. ... In the midst of this distress and ter-
ror arrived the news of I'rince George's llight.
The courier who liroiighl these evil tidings wa.s
I'ast followed b_\ the king liimself '''lie even-
ing was closing in when .lames arrived, and
was informed that his daughter had disappeared.
After all that he had sulTered, this atllictioii
forced aery from his lijis. " God help mo," his
said ; " mv own children have forsaken me I" —
Wesley was urgent and insisted ; Bradford re- .>lA('\i;i..vv's Km;., ch. i), p. 480.
FORTITUDE— FOIITUNE.
201
il'iO-l. FOETITUDE, Esteem for. Miiciun. [lie
(■ntcrod into tlic fiuiip of l-'orsena, ii powerful
Iliiliiiii prince, to assassinate liini. Not linowini^
wliicii niiin was Forsena, lie killed the wrong
man.) L pon this he was seized and exaniiiieil.
Meantime, as (here liuppeiied to lie a ]K)rlal)le
altar there, wilh lire upon it, \ here the king was
about to oll'er saerilice, VlueiuH thrust his right
hand into it ; and .is the Ih -li was hurning, he
kept looking upon I'orseii.-i 'vith a firm and
menacing asijcct, until the king, iHlonished at his
fortitude, returned him his sword wilh his own
hand. He received it wilh his left hand, from
whence we are told he had the surna ne of Scd'-
riild, whieli signilies kft-}iaiithd ; and thus ad-
dressed himself to Forsena: "Vour threaterungs I
regarded not. Iiul am coiiquered hy your gener-
osity, and out of gratitude will declare to you
what no forte should have wrested from me.
Thert^ are three hundred Romans that have taken
th(! same resolution with nunc, who now walk
a!ioutyour camp, watching their oi>portunity. It
Wiis my lot to make the tifst attempt, and 1 am
not sorry that my sword was directed liy fortuni'
against another, instead of a man of so much
honor, who, as such, should rather he a friend
than an enemy to the Romans." Forsenji be-
lieved this account, and was mon; inclined to
hearktui to terms, not o nuich in my opinion
through fear of three hundred as'-assms, as ad-
miration of the digiuty of the Roman valor. —
Fi,i;T.\ii( ii'rt i't III. KOI, A.
2205. FORTITUDE, I'mitanio. ITmihlVUvH.
[()nc(! iiMiiister of Sah'in. (.'ondemned for regi-
cide — death of (Jharles 1. 1 He was allowed ii"
covmcil. . . . At the gidlows he was comix'lled
to wait while llu; body of his friend (nuke, who
had just been hanged, was cut down and (juar-
tereil before his eyes. "How like you this?"
cried theexecutiiiiier, rubbing his Itioody hands,
" I thank (iod," re|ilieil tiie martyr, " 1 am nol
terriried at it ; you may do your worst." To his
friends he said, " Wee]) nut forme ; my heart is
full of comrort." — H.\.\( Koi'rs V. S., vol. 2,
ch, II.
220«. FORTUNE, Change of. (',>!. i/ n, h n .•<.
( ireal was the agitation of tlie inhabilanis, there-
Ion.', when they ix-held one of the ships standing
up the river ; but. when they learned that she
returned in triumph from the disco\ery of a
world, tiie whoh^ coinmunily broke forlli into
transports of joy. The bells were rung, the
shops siuit, .all business was susi)eiide(l ; for a
time there was nothing liut hurry and tumult.
Some were an.\ious to know the fate of a rela-
tive, others of a friend, and all to leaiii the jtar-
ticulars of so wonderful a voyage. When ('o-
hunbus landed, tlu; multitude thronged to see
ami welcome him, and a grand itrocession was
formed to the |)rincipal cluu-ch, to return thanks
to God for so signal a discovery made by the
]ie()i)le of that ])lace— forgetting, in their exulta-
tion, the thousand ditliculties they had thrown in
the way of the cnteriirise. Wherever Columbus
j)as.sed he was hailed with shouts and .acclama-
tions. What a contrast to his departure a few
months before, followed by nuirmurs and exe-
crations ; or, rather, what a contra.st to his first
arrival at Falos, a jioor i)edestrian, craving bread
and water for his child at the gate of a convent !
— Ikvino's CoLU.MHi's, Hook 5, ch. 5.
3207. FORTUNE, Contrasts in. InhfriUincc.
" How dilTeren;," said the younger AiKb'onicus,
" is my situation from that of the son of Fhilip !
Alexander might coini)lainthat his father would
leave him nothing to con(|uer ; alas I my grand-
sire will leave nie nothing to lose." — (iiiuioN's
Uo.ME, ch. g;{.
220«. FORTUNE, Favors of, C/ixr/..^ V. TIk;
siege ot Met/, is one of the most memorable
ei)isodes in the struggle Ix'tween theri\al houses
of France and Austria. For two months the Im-
perialists . . . battered the walls with a ceaseless
caiuionade, and exhausted all other resources of
the art of war, with a total want of success. The
defenders icpaired by night die breaches elTected
by th(! enemy during the day. . . . ThousaniLs
were slain by the well-directed fire from the mm-
parts ; and as the winter advanced, the besiegers
suffered still greater ios.ses from the pitiless.sc'ver-
ity of the weather, from sickness, hardship, and
famine. 'I'he siege became at length evidently
ho])elesii ; and Charles, bitterly observing that
" Fortune, like the rest of her sex, favored the
young and la glecled those advanced in years,"
uaveordei's to abandon it. — Stidknts' Ficance,
ch. 15, ^ 4,
220». FORTUNE, Forsaken by. J.oiiif, XIV.
T.ouis recei\('d the news of the (lishearteiiing re-
verses |of his forces at Blenheim and l{ainiiliesj
with unmoved composure. His behavior to the
unfortunate marshal Villeroi was magnanimous.
" .Monsieur le Marechal," said the king, when
he made his ap])earance iit Versailles, "at our
age one is no longer fortunate." — Stidicms'
Fu.VM K, ch. 22, ^ H.
2210. FORTUNE reversed. />"/,>■ of K.irtci:
I.Vtter the triumiih of the Yorkists Kdward
I\'. was crowiU'd, and Fancastrians went into
exile and ]»overty,| "Some of them," .says
Cninjnes, "were reduced to such extremity of
^\alll before tli(! Duke of Burgundy received
them, thai no common beggar could have been
in gre.-itei- I ,iwone of tliciii, who was Duke
of Fxeter. bul ulio conce,Hle(l his name, follow-
ing the Didsi of Burgundy's train bare-foot and
bare-legged, lugging his bread from door to
door. This man wiis next of the house of I,aii-
caster ; had married King Edward's sister ; and
l»eing afterward knnwn, hud a siuidl ])ensioii
allowed him for his .'-iilisi-lriice." — Knkmit's
En(i., vol. 2. ch, 10, p, 1,")1,
2211.- • , A/''W-^v. ISackinirof Coii-
stanlinoiilc by cru'^adei>.| His stately i)alace
had been reduced to ashes . , . and the senator
[Nicetas],wilh his family aiul friends, found an
obscure shelter in anothei' house, which la; ])os-
sessed near the church of St. So])hia. It was
the door of this mean habitation that his friend,
tlu! Venetian merchant, guarded in the disguise
of a soldier, till ]S'icetas could save, by a pre-
cipitate liight. the relics of his fortune and the
chastity of his daughtei'. In a cold, wintry
season, these fugitives, nursed in the laj) of
jirosperity, dei)arted on foot ; his wife was with
cliihl ; the desertion of their slaves con'pelled
them to carry their baggage on their shoulders ;
and their women, whom they placed in 'die cen-
tre, were exhorted to conceal their beauty with
dirt, iirstead of adorning it with paint and jew-
els. Every step was expo.^ed to insult and dan-
ger, — GllilJON's RoMK, ch. (JU.
mm
202
FOUTLNE-FHIEXD.
tW 1 2. FORTUNE, Reverses of. nrgf/ai: Joliii
of ('iip|iiiil()('iii, wliiisi- ai'liniis liiid dcHcrvcd ii
thoiisaiKl (Icalli^, was iit hi^\ coiKlcimicd for u
t'riinc (if wliicli he was itiiioccnl. A ureal minis-
ter, wli(( liad been invcsicd witii tlic iioiiors of
i'onsiilaiid patrician, was iirnoininiouslyscouriicd
liive liu' vilest of malefactors; u tallered cioait
was tiic sole remnant of liis fortunes ; lie was
Irunsporled in a li:irk to liic jilaee of liis lianisii-
meiit at Antino|)olis in Ipper Kiryiit, and tlie
prefect of tlie Ivisl lieiriicd ins liread tlirou,i,di tlie
cilies wdiicli iiad licmliled al liis name. — (iiii
hon's Ro.mk, ell. 4<t.
221 ;t. FORTUNE, Sensitiveness of. '/'imot/ir-
1IS. The tine'iiiis o'' Timolliens ascribed all his
success to forlun',:, and iXO\ ii picture drawn in
whicb he was represented asleep, and Fortune
by his side tukiiii.'' cilies for him in her net. Upon
this he travi! wa\' to an indecent passion, and
complained that he was robbed of the tjlory du(!
to liis achievements. Nay. afterward, on his
return from a certain expedition, he addressed
the people in these terms : " .My fellow-citi/.ens,
you must acknowledi;e that in this Fortune has
lio share." It is said the goddess jiiijued her-
.self so far on beim; reveiiLjed on this vanity of
Timotheus, that he could never do aiiythini;
extraordinary afterward, but was battled in all
liis undertakini,''s, and became so obnoxious to
the pcojile that they banished liim. — Flu T.vu.h's
Svi.i.A.
221 'I. FRAUD, Gigantic. f^>itth Stu SrJiemc.
[In July of 1720] . . . the crowds of those that
])ossess"the redeemable annuities is so great that
the bank . . . has been forced to .set tables
with clerks in the stniets. The £100 shares
went \ip to £1000 in Aufjiist. [The company
soujrht to les.sen the numi)er of their compet-
itors. A pivnic! ensued.] By the middle of Sep-
tember holders of South Sea Stock were crowd-
ing the Hx(,'hange, not a.s buyers, but as more
eager sellers. The stock was at 8r,0 on the 18th
of August ; in a month it had fallen to 410.
. . . Onthe2i)thof Septem1>er . . . it was 175.
[The consternatioa was inexpressible ; thousands
of fi'.milies were reUiK^d to beggary ;] mer-
chants, lawyers, physicians, clergy, pas.sed from
their dream of fabuUms wealth and from their
wonted comforts into jioverty. Some died of
broken hearts, others withdrew to remote parts
of the world, and never returned. [The sufferers
reproached every one but themselves who
sought sudden wealth by gambling rather than
by work.] — Knkiiit's Esv.., vol. C, ch. 3, p. 40.
2215. FRAUD, Governmental. Oharlcx II.
The first object of t'harles was to ol tain from
the Commons supplies which might be employ-
ed in executing tlu .secret treaty [with France].
. . . It was nece.'Siiry to have recourse to fraud.
The king accordingly l>rofesse(i giea;; ''eal for
the principles of iIk^ Triple Alliance, and pre-
tended that, in onU r to hold the ambition of
France in check, it would be necess.iry to aug-
ment the licet. Th(! Coinmons fell into the
snare, and voled a gnnt of £800.000. The Par-
liament was inst.'uitly pr )rogued ; anil the court,
thus emaricipated from coiitroi, jtroceeded to
tlie execution of the great desiini. — 3Iac.\ui.av's
Eno.. c!i. 2. p. 201.'
221 «. FRAUD, Suspicions of. l-'IM Cihh'.
This Avas placed upiui two shii)s, which were to
meet in mid Dcean. They did meet ; the twi>
ends of the calile were joined and laid down
successfully. At the Ne\/foundland end four
hundred messages were received from Europe,
when the current became weaker and weaker,
and finally ceased to make any mechanical move-
ineiit. On this side people were sci'plical ; few
believed that any messagi' had been sent at all ;
they .ooked uiion the wliole thing as a gigantic
humbul,^ — Lksikii's Likk ok Fktku Coocek,
1). 2»>.
2217. FRAUD in Trade. '■ Iltnu'st rAdther."
[In l.")li() Parliament ]iassed] acts to protect the
public against the frauds of money-making
tradesmen ; to provi<l(! that shoes and boots
should be made of honest leather ; that food
should be sold at fair jirices ; that merchants
should part with their goods at fair profits. —
KMCiirr's Kno., vol. 2, ch. 28, p. litii).
22 1 H. FREEDOM, Determined for. William
Wiilliiir. Wallace in September. 12i)7. encamped
near Stirling, the i)a.ss between the north and the
.south, and awaited the Englisii advance;. It was
liere that he was found liy the Engli.sh army.
The otTers of John of Wai'cnne were scornfully
rejected. " We have come," said the Scottish
leader, " not to make jieace, but to free our coun-
try." The position of Wallace behind a loop of
Forth was, in fact, clio.sen with consummate
skill. The oni; bridge which crossed the river
was only broad enough to admit two lior.semeu
abreast ; and though the Phiglish army had been
passing from daybreak, lait half its force was
across at noon, when Wallac^e ckised on it and
cut it, after a sliort combat, to pieces in sight of
its comrades. — Hist, of Eno. Peoplk, § 291.
2219. FREEDOM of Speech. In Parliament.
[James I. attempted a despoti.sm in the govern-
ment of England.] On the 18tli of December,
1681, the Commons deliberately recorded their
opinions in a memorable protestation, in which
thev .solemnly atlirmed that the liberties and ju-
ri.sdictions of Parliament are the ancient and un-
doubted birthright and inheritance of the subjecta
of England ; that the affairs of the king and the
State, of the defence of the realm, and of the
Church of England, the making of laws, the re-
dress of grievances, are proper subjects of debate
in Parliament ; that in handling such business
every member of the House hath, and of right
ought to have, freedom of sjjeech ; and that
every member hath like freedom from all im-
])eacnment, imiiri.sonment, and molestation, ex-
cept by the censure of the House itself. —
Knight's Eno., vol. 8. ch. 24, p. 382.
2220. FRIEND, Chosen. Alcvanders. ne])ha\s-
tion was the constant companion of his pleas
ures, and dear to him through the sweetness of
his nature ; they were; nearly of the samt; age,
but Hepha'stion was the more handsome. When
> ysigambis, the captive motherof Darius, entered
/ilc.xander's lent, she threw herself at He]>lia\s-
tion's feet ; he modestly retired, and the empress
felt iibashed at her mistake. The generous con-
(jueror said, " You have not erred, madam, for
he too is Alexander '
2221. FRIF.*Tf)or
[King of Spai ! - i ■ i<
marched through Ti
of anv tue b;u' ;
,;«■■■•>. Whentlu!
-■' •! ;' ' ' , )1( spoilt, he
wliiii "! ,M ''ng leave
. .! ■ r;.'v' .esired to
FRIEND— FRIEND8.
yo;j
know (if cucli i)('()i)l(! whether tliey would liiivc!
Jiim piis.s iiH II friend or us an ciicniy. All tlie rest
received liini with tokon.s of friendsliip, iind
Hhowed liini all i\u' civilities in their power on
liis way ; hut the Trallian.s, of whom Xerxes is
wild to have; bought a passaf^e, denumded of
A.u'esiiatis 100 talents of silver, and as many
^v(llllerl. He answered the me.ssenij;er ironically,
" W'liy (lid not they then come to receive them ?"
At the same time, he marched forward, and
lindintr them drawn up to oppose him, lie ^nvc
them battle, and routed them with ^^reat slau;,di-
ler. He sent s()m(;of his people to jiul the same
<|Uesti(in to the Ivinijof Macedon, who answered,
"I will consider of it." "Let him consider,"
J-fiid he ; "in tlu; mean time we march." TIk;
kinir, surprised and awed by his spirit, desired
liini to jiass as a friend. — Pi,i T.Micii's AoKsi-
i..\ts.
I222!2. FRIEND, Obsequious, ('(mar's. Oneob-
se(luious senator proposed that every woman in
Kome should be at his disi)osition, and filthy li-
bels a.itainst him were set tloatinj^ under the sur-
face. The object, he perfectly understood, " was
to draw bim into a position more and more in-
vidious, that he mi,i,dit the sooner perish." —
Fuoi'dk's (J/Ksak, cii. 2().
2223. FEIEND in Sickness, A. Prinre of Or-
nni/e. [.Seized by the small-i)().K.] The public con-
sternation was great. . . . 1 lis escape was attrib-
uted ])artly to his own singular ecjuanimity, and
jiartly to the intrepid and indefatigable friend-
ship of Mentinck [a noble Batavianj. From the
liands of Bentinck alono William took food and
luedicine. By Bentinck alone William was lifted
from bed and laid down in it. " Whetlier JJeu-
tinck slept or not while I was ill," said William
to Temple, with great tenderness, " I know not ;
but this 1 know, that, through si.\teen days an(l
nights, 1 never once called for anything but that
Bentinck was instantly at my side. [Bentinck
took the disease, but recovered.] [See No. 22S').]
— M.uaulay's Eno., ch. 7, p. 157.
2224. FEIEND, A sordid. Oliirr GoUUmiOCs.
[H(! went out to see the world, and fell short ot
oasli to return homo. Called on an old ' ' friend. "1
1 again renewc(i tlu; tale of my distress, anci asked
" how he thought I > ould travel above a hundred
miles upon one half crown '!" I begged to borrow
u single guinea, which I assured him would be re-
paid with thanks. "And you know, sir," said
I, " it is no more than I hav(! done for you." To
which ho tirmly answered, " Wlij', look you, Mr,
Goldsmith, that is neither here nor there. I liavo
I)ai(l you all you over lent me, and this sickness of
mine has loft me bare of cash. But I have be-
thought my.self of a oonveyanco for you ; sell
your horse, and I will furnish you a nyucli l)et-
terone to ride on." I readily grasped at his pro-
posal, and bogged to see the nag ; on which he
led mo to bis bod chamlx'r, and from luxler the
bed ho jiullod out a stout o.ik stick. " Hero ho
is," said ho ; " take this in your hand, and it will
carry you to your inothor's with more .safety
than such u horse us you ride." I was in doul)t,
when I got it into my hand, whether I shouhl
not. in tiio first ])lace, aijjtly it to his pate. — lu-
ViNci's Goi.Ds.MiTir. ch. ;{, ]). ;i-l.
2225. FRIEND, A welcome, Luf.inittc. At
la.st tiie Itopublicaiis of France, displeased with
the double-dealing of their govcnuueiit, ben'an to
embark for America. Foremost of all came the
gallant young Manpiis of Lafayette. Thougii
the [French I king withheld jtermission, though
the British minister protested, though family
and honu! and kindred beckoned the youthfui
nobleman to return, ho left all to light the battle
of freedom in another land. Fitting ti ve.ssel at
his own expi'iise, ho eluded theolhcors, and with
the bnivo Do Kail) and a small company of fol-
lowers reached (Jeorgetown, South Carolina, in
April of 1777. — RiiJi'ATii's t'. S., ch. 40, p. ;J20.
222«. FRIEND, A wounded. " Stoix'mtllJnrk-
Kon." [On the 2d of May, 1W(5!J, he lodadostruc-
live attack on the right w'lig of General Hook-
er's Union army.] As night came on, with ruin
impending over the Federal unny, the bravo
Confederate loader, riding through the gathering
darkness, received a rollcy from /lin oim limn,
and fell mortally wounded. — Riui'ATii's U. S.,
oh. 6.1, p. 'AH.
2227 . FRIENDS in Battle. I. oc.ked their
Shields. Being placed together among the heavy-
armed infantry, and fighting with the Arca-
dians, that wing of the Lacodioinonians in which
they were gave way, and was broken ; whore-
ujxin Pelopidas and Epaminondas locked their
shields together, and repulsed all that attacked
them, until at last JVIoindas, having received .sev-
en large wounds, fell upon a heap of friends and
enonuos who lay dead together. Epaminondas,
though ho thought there was no life loft in him,
yet stood forward to defend his body and his
arms, and being determined to die rather than
leave liiscf)mpanion in the jjoworof hiseiiemies,
ho engaged with numbers at once. Ho was now
in extreme danger, being wounded in the breast
with a spear and in the arm with a sword, when
Agosipolis, King of the Laeeda'monians, brought
succors from the other wing, and, beyond all
expectation, delivered them both. — PLUTAitcii'.s
Pei.oimdas.
2228. FRIENDS, Complemental. Ltiili/ Church-
ill — Princes.'i An/ie. Dilferonces of taste, under
standing, and disposition are no imped imoiits*
to friendship, and . . . the closest intimacies oftei>
exist between minds each of which supplie;.'
what is wanting to the other. Lady Churchill
was loved and even worshipped by Anne. The
l>rinccss could not live ai)art from the object of
lior romantic; fondness. She married, and was
a faithful and even an afToctionate wife ; but
Prince George, a dull man, whose chief pleasures
were derived fron\ his dinner and his bottle, ac-
quired over her no intluonce comparable to that
exercised by her female friend, and soon gav(!
himself uji with stupid patience to the dominion
of that vohoment and commanding spirit by
which his wife was governed. [Also see No.
19:37.]— Macailay's Enci., ch. 7, p. 289.
2229. FRIENDS, Discouraging. L iithe r ' .s.
"Go to your C(.ll and pray, my brother, that tlu;
Lord will have mercy ujion you" — thus .said
many a one that thought .so va.s't an undertaking
by an insignificant monk against the pope— of
whoso might and i.-.tluencc! kings were afraid —
would surely come to grief. " My dear Brother
Martin," .said an aged Westphalian clorgyniun.
"if you can do away with purgatory and the
traffic in indulgei. 'os, you are indeed a great
man I" . . . Luther s prior and sub-prior canio
and outroatod him not to bring reproach upon
I m
IP
'iCA
FUIENUS— FKIKNDSIIII'.
#1 I
i A
li i
lii.s order, for \bv other orders were nlreudy
leaping Willi joy, win iiii; that they were not the
only ones jiiiilty of olfenecH, hut that now the
AugUHtiniuns wen^ also in the fire and hearers
of shame. Luther rei)lied to them, " Deai' I'a-
tliers, if th's work has not heen he.uun in (tod's
name, it will soon come to nauijht ; luil if il has
lieeii hegun in His name, tlien let Him rule as
lie will !" — Ukin's Kitmkh. eh. 4, p. 47.
aa.10. FRIENDS, Faults of. Napoleon 1.
fl)urin;i^ his eaplivily at SI. Helena a pa])er was
jiresented) to all lh<' eompaninns | wlx^had chosen
to go into exile with hini| and the domestics of
the Emperor, stalini,^ that they were at liherly to
leave St. Helena and return to Ewrop(! if they
wislied to do so. H' they desired to remain . . .
they were re(iuired to sid)nut to all the restric-
tions which mi.!j:hl hv imposed upon the emperor,
. . . and remainini^ on the drca y rock dui-ini,'
the lifetime of the emperor. All promjilly
signed il [to remain] hut General JJertrand. ills
liesitation wounded th(! feelings of the emperor.
He sim])Iy remarked, howev(T, " Jierlrand is al-
ways the .same. Although he constantly speaks
of going, when the time comes he will not have
the courage to leave. We nuist he able to love
our friends with all their faults." — Aujiott'h
N.\i'oi,EON, vol. 2, ch. ;U.
aajll. FRIENDS, Unlike. ILilifax—Biirnit.
Halifa.v and 15urnet had long heen on terms of
friendship. ]N'o two men, indeed, could resem-
ble each other less. Jiuruet was uf. rly desti-
tute of delicacy and tact. Ilalifa.x's tu ;ie was
fastidious, and his .sense of the ludicrous mor
liidly ((uick. IJurnet viewed every act and every
character through a medium distoiied and col-
ored by party sjiii-it. The tendency of Halifa.\s
mind was always to see the faults of his allies
more strongly than the faults of his oppoiwnls.
JJurnet was, with all his intii'mities, and through
all the vicissitudes of a life passed in circum-
stances not very favorid)le to ]>iety, a sincerely
]iious man. The scei)tical and sarcastic Halifax
lay under the imputation of intidelity. Halifax,
therefore, often incurred Ijurncl's iiulignanl cen-
sure, and iJurnet was often the bultof Halifax s
keen and ]>i)lished pleasantry. Yet tliey wvwt
drawn to each other by a mutual attraction,
liked each other's conversation, ap|)reciated each
ollier's abilities, iiilerehiuiged oitinions fi'cely,
and interilianged also good olfices in iierilniis
times. [Liii'd Halifa.x was a statesman, ami
JMshop Burnet the religious adviser of Queen
jVIary.] — Macaii,.\ v's E.no. , ch. 9, p. 4'Jt).
2*^32. FRIENDSHIP applauded, A'ajio/ro,, /.
[In ]y<OH there was a notable nieeling of king>.
and em])erors at Erfurlh. Princes and cnurt-
iers were numerous.] The town was illuminaled.
A tragedy ileveloping the noblest traits of hu-
man natiire was ]ierforined by the most accom
jilished actors of France. [p]mi)eror] Alexander
[of Russia] sat by the side of Napoleoii. As the
sentiment was ex])ressed from the stage,
" The friendship of a great man is a gift from |
tlie gods !" j
Alexander gracefully rose, took the hand of |
Napoleon, and bowing .said, '" 1 exi>erience
tlie truth of that sentiment to-day. ' An instinc-
tive burst of applause from a pit full of jirinces,
nobles, and kings shook the walls of thetlieatre.
— AuBOTT s Nax'oleon 13., vol. 2, ch. a.
ihi:i;i. FRIENDSHIP, Commandinff. linf/n of
JiiiiKM II. Ever sinc(! tlie reign of Edwanl 11 (.
the 'I'albots had sat among the peers of the
realm. . . . I'I'lie Ear' "f Shrewsbury was Charles
Talbot.] His jur was ])leusmg, his tem-
per siiigularl}' swim his p.arls such as, if he
liad been born in a nnblc rank, might well
have raised him to the la ight of civil greatness.
All the.se advantages he had so im])ro\ed, that
before lie was of age he was allowed to be one
of tli(! liiiest gentlemen and linest scholars of his
time, . . . tliiaigh his princijiles were unsteady,
his impulses were so genenni.s, liis temper so
bland, his manners so gracious and I'asy, that it
was imiiossible not to love him. He was early
called the King of Hearts, and never, through
a long, exi'iitful, and checkered life, lost his
rii,dil to that name. — .M vcaii.ay's E.No. , ch. K,
p. :;.'!)«.
aaJll. FRIENDSHIP, Complemental. Willidui.
of Oniiinc. [See .No. 12:2;)").) The 'friends [Wil-
liam and Heiitinck| were indeed made for tach
other. William wanted neither ii guide nor a.
flatterer. Having a firm and just reliance on
his own judgment, he was not partial to coun-
sellors who dealt nmeli in suggestions and oh-
1 jections. At the .same tim<', he had too much
di.scernment and too much elevation of mind to
I be gratified by sycophancy. The confidant of
' such a ])rince ought to be a nnin, not of inventive
! genius or coni:nandiiig spirit, but brave and
! ' lithful, callable of executing orders ]iiinctualiy
j of kicjiing secrets inviolably, of observing facts
i Nigilantly, and tif reporting them truly ; and
1 such a man was lienlinck. — .Macaii.avs E.no.,
ch. 7. p. i.^)!).
22.'t5. FRIENDSHIP, Confidential. Willioni,
J'r/tar nf Oroioji . \ Hciiiinck was a noble Bata-
\ ian and chosen fiieiid. See No. ~"J;2;!. | He
whom even liis admirers generally aiM-ounted
llie nio-t distant and fi'igid of men here forgets
all disiinclions of raid<, and pours out all his
tceliiiiis with the ingenuousness of a schoolboy.
He inijiarts without reservi' secrets of the high-
est moment. He explains with pertcct simplic-
ity vast designs atfecling all the governments of
Europe. 31ingle(l witii his communications on
sucli .subjects are other cominunications of a
I xcry different, !>ut p( lii >s not of a less inter
I I ting kind. All his ad\eiilurcs, all his personal
i feelings, his long run after enormous slags, liis
: carousils on St. Hubert's day, the growth of his
; jilantalions, the failure of his melons, the slate
i of his stud, his wish to ])rocui ■ an easy pad-nag
I for his wife, his vexation at learning that one of
I his household, after ruining a girl of good fatii-
I ily, refused to marry her, his fits of .sea-sickness,
: his coughs, his headaches, his devotional moods,
his gratitude for tla^ l)i\ine protection after a
great escape, his struggles to submit biinself to
the Divine will after a disaster, are described
with an amiable garrulity hardly to have been
e.xi)ected from the most discreet and sedate
statesman of the age,— .Macaii. ay's Enc. , eh. 7,
p. l.")7.
2230. FRIENDSHIP, Confirmed. 7?;/ Mone\i.
Frederick,, , . the Elector of Saxony — a bold man
and a hard drinker, . . . was brought into the
oonfederaty [against the encroachments of
France imder Louis XIV.] by the promi.se of
money. " For," .said he, " uur friendships, thougii
FHIKNDSHIP— FUUGAMTV.
•ir,r)
<'V(!rs() ^o()(l, iiHist tic coiifiriiicd by presents." —
Knkhit'h Kn<i., vol. 5, ell. H, p. 1',';}.
il2it7. FRIENDSHIP by Contrast, h'ml, rich-
lli( Uviiit. I'I'lic iiitidel] . . . Miin|iiesM D'ArjrciiH
\>as iiiiion;^ tlie kiiiir's favorite compuiiioiis, on
aceoiiiit, as it would seem, of tiie stronir ojiposi-
lioii lietweeii their eliai'aeters. 'I'iie parts of
D'Ariiciis were \n»n\ and liis inaniieis tiiose of a
Jiidslied Freneli jfeiitlenian ; imt, liis wliole sold
was dissolved in sloth, timidity, and self-indul-
.irence. . . . Me wasihe slav<' of dreamsand omens
— would not sit down to the table with thirteen
in company, turned i)ale if the salt fell towafd
him, bej.r,u('(l his jruests not to cross their knives
and forks on tlieir phite.s, and would not for the
world comrnenee ii journey on Friday. His
health was ii subject of conslant anxiety to him.
AVhenever his head aclied or his jmlse beat (piick,
his dastardly fears and ell'eminatc jirecautions
were the ,iest of all IJerlin. All this suited the
kinif's pur])()se admirably. He wanted somebody
by whom he nu^dit be amused, and whom h(^
mijrlit despise. When \\v wished to pass half an
hour in easy, polished conversation, D'Arj^ens
was an excellent comjjanion ; when he wanted to
vent his si)leeii and contein])t, D'Arijens was an
excellent butt. — MAtAi;i..\Y'« P^ukdkukk tiik
(Jkkat, p. a.").
aaaw. FEIENDSHIP, controlling. AIcvaiKhr
J'li/ic. Pojie resembled one of the inferior bodies
of the solar system, whose; orbit is dependent
upon liiatof .some morcMUu.ssive planet ; and hav-
ini,^ I)een a satellite of Swift, \w. was now sw<pt
into the train of the more imposing Uolingiiroke.
— -Mykh's Wokdswohtii, cli. 7.
22;i». FRIENDSHIP, Inseparable. y,i/,offo»
f. I After his burial at St. H(lena| the devoted
liousehold of \ai)oleon sadly cndiarked for
Kurope. . . . One of their number, liowevei', Ser-
ireant Hubert, in the enthusiasm of his deatii
less devotion, refu.sed to abandon even the grave
111' th(i emperor. For nineteen years he con-
liiiued at St. Helena, daily ginirding the solitary
lomi) ; and when . . . tiiey were removed to
njiose on the bunks of the Seine. Iieneath the
ilonie of the Invalides, . . . this faithful servant
lullowrd them to their last resting-place. — Ai!-
JioTTs X.vi'oi,i;o.v B., vol. '2, eh. lil.
'2*ilO. FRIENDSHIP, Perilous. L'ohni Ihims.
(With smugnlers and adventurers at Irving. |
Among these he contracted, .says (Jillieit. " some
ac(|uaintance of a freer manner of thinking and
living than he liad been used to, whose s(i( iety
prepared him for overleaping the bonds of rigid
virtu(! which had hitherto restrained him. " One
coiiipanion, a s.-iilor lad of .vild life and loux'
and irregular habits, had ,i wonderful fascination
for Burns, who admired him foi- what he
tlioiight his inde])endenci' and magnanimity.
"He was," .says liurns, " liie only m;ui I ever
knew who was a greater fool than myself where
woman was rlie presiding .star ; but he spoke of
liiwles,s love with levity, which Litherto I Jiad
regarded with horror. Hire Iuh frundxliip did
iik: a iiiinr/ii/f." — SiiArio-'s Bikns, ch. 1.
234 1 . FRIENDSHIP re«air«<l, Fam ud .f»h n-
»oii,. Ho said to Sir Joshua l^'ynold.■! : "If a
man does not make new acqiiaintance as he atl-
vances through life, he will js/x/d find hini.self
left alone. A man, sir, .sliouW iu^fp hi.s friend-
I H\\\\t in roiiKtant irjitiir." — Bohwki.i.'s .Ioiinson,
j p. HO.
' a^'W. FRIENDSHIP, Schoolboy ■». /.'///■-/,. W<-
hav(; one of ins school letters, in which he re
I ])roaciies one of his friends for lieginninu' ids
I last letter " My dear Bvron," instead of " My
dearest Byron.'' In the defence of his frii'iids la-
) was a very valiant champion. One of tlu'tn be-
; ing weak from a recent sickness was ill-titled
' to light his way in a great concourse of rcini;h
boys, and Byron said io him : " Harness, if any
one bidlies you, tell me, and I'll thrash him if I
can." He kejit liis word, and the two boys re-
niaiiied fast friends for many years. — ('v( i.oi'i;-
1)1 A OK Biod., p. '2U2.
aaitl. FRIENDSHIP, Treacherous. ,/-n//,.v /.
[In l(iH) .lames J. ordered the airesi of the Karl
of Somerset, once his favorite, on suspicion of a
connection with the nuirder of 'I'homas Over-
bury, in the Towei'. | The king had a loath^onid
way of lolling his arms about his favDfites'
necks, and kissing them. In this posture tin;
messenger with the warrant I'ouikI the king
with Somerset, saying, " When shall I >ee thee
again?". .. Somer.set exclaimed that ne\ir such
an affront was olTered to a jieer of Kngland
in presence of the king. " Na\ , man," said
the king; "if ('oke"(tiK! Lord Chief .histice)
"sends for me, 1 must go ;" and when he was
gone : " Now may tli(! I)(!el go w itli thee, ' .-aiil
the king, " for ! will never see thy fare ••uiy
more." — Kmciit's Kno., vol. '.], ch. ',M, p. lit).").
aa44. FRIVOLITY, Shameful. C/ior! r ■•< If.
The Dutch tlect sailed U]) the Thames and burn-
ed the sliijis of war which lay at Chatham. It
was said that on the very day of that great hu-
miliation the king feasted with the ladies of
his seraglio, and amused himself with hunting
;i moth about the .vupjier riioiii. — .M.\( Ari,.vv's
Kno., ch. '2, p, 179.
tl'Iia. FRUGALITY, Misapplied. Clmrl^sir.
Our relations with foreign courts had heen jiiit
on the most economical looting. Jii this frugal-
ity then; was nothing laudable. Charles was,
as usual, niggardly in the wrong place, and
inuniticent in the wrong place, 'i'lie |iublic sei'-
vice was starved that courliirs might he ]iam-
pei'ed. The exi>ens(- of the na\v, of tile ord-
nance, of i>ensions to needy old ollicers. of mis-
sions to foi'eign courts, iniisl .seem small indeed
to the present generation ; but the ])erson;il fa-
vorites of tlie sovereign, his ministers, .and the
creatures of those ministers ^vcl•e gorgeil with
public nioiiew — .Mac .vii.AV's Eno., ch. ;i, p.
:isT.
aaiO. FRUGALITY, Plan of. Irlsli I>,,i„f,r.
I To Samuel .IdIiiisoii. | His Ofellils, in the " Art,
of Living inLondiin,"I have heard him relate. w;:s
an Irish iiiiintcr, whom he knew at BirininLdiam,
and « ho had jiractised his(jwn |)i'ece])lsof rcon-
oniy for .several years in the British capital. He
a.ssured .lohnson, who, I suiiiiose. was then
meditating to try his fortune in London, but was
apprehensive of the ex))ense, "that t"{() u y em-
was enough lo( liable;! man to live there without
being contemptible. He allowed .tHl forclothes
and linen. He said a man might live in a .carrel
at 1H(^ a wcik : few ])eople would inquire where
he lodged ; .md if they did, it was ea.sy to stiy,
"Sir, lam to be found at such aphcf." By
200
FUi^ErAL
Iri;
hiicndinp !Jrf. in a rofTcc lioiiso he mlfjlit h(! for
soiiit' lioiirM cvfiy iliiy in very ^ootl coinimiiy ;
lie ini^'lit (line lor (\il., biciikfiist on lirciul iiikI
milk for II penny, iiiid do witlioiit supper. On
rlKinn/iirt-itii// lie went aiiroad and paid visits.
— ni)s\VKi,i,'rt Johnson, p. '..':(.
tiair. FUNERAL orltioiMd. O/' (.7,<,rl,n If.
[Under rei;;!! of Ills liroliier , Fumes II.) Tiii^
t'unend called forlli imuli eens.ire. It, woidd,
it\deed, hardly have been accounted worthy of
11 noble and opnlenl sul)ject. The Tories j;enlly
blamed the new kintr's parsimony ; the Whi^fs
sneered at his want of natural afTcction ; and
\hv ticrv Coveiianlersof Scotland exidtinirly i)ro-
claimed that the curse denounced of old aj^ainst
Avieked ])rii\ees had been si<,nially fulHlled, and
that the (lei)arted tyrant had been buried with
the btirial of an ass. — .M.\c'.\i:i,.\y's E.N(i., ch. 4,
p. 4i;{.
aaiW. FUNERAL Customs. /•'/■-///;. ffit- U<>-
mmiK. Our funeral images and customs are
Komaii— the cyi)r /ss and the yew, the flowers
titrewn upon the j^raves, the black for mourning.
— Kmoiit's En(i., vol. 1, ch. ;}, ]>. 49.
il'l'IO. FUNERAL, An expensive. Q u c f n
Miirifs. The funeral |of (.^ueen .'\Iar\] cost
i;r>(),000.— KNKHiT'rt En(i., vol. 5, ch." 11, p.
174.
3950. FUNERAL, Fatal, dmnie ('i'inn'>i(/,
I'lYiiiii r. The funeral of the Duke of York
took ]>lacc at Windsor on the night of the 2()th
of January. . . . The Cabinet ministers were
marshalled by the licraMs in the nave of St.
George's Chajiel two hours before the arrival of
the funeral procession. The night was bitterly
cold. As we ourselves looked down from the
organ loft upon the greatest in the laud, thus
doomed to stand ujion the Uiuuatlcd jiavement,
shivering, and shifting their uncus/ jjositions,
we ob.served tlieolilest m;in in theC'alnnct taking
M 1 y wise precautions (or bis personal conifon
ancl safety. One wlio was by the .side of Mr.
(banning attributes (uliis kinilness of iieiirt a sug-
gestion to the chancellor Ijial be should lay
down his cocked hat and stand upon it. The
chancellor's liealth was preserved by this |)re-
caution. The funeral of the duke ])roved fatal
to Mr. Canning. He caught a cold there whicli
resulted in an dlness frcmi which he never really
recovered. — Kmoht's Enci., vol. 8, ch. 11, p.
202.
aaSI. FUNERAL, Honors of. JuUns CwKtir'.s.
Part jvroiiosed to carry it to the Temple of Ju-
])iler, in tiie Capitol, and to burn it under the
eyes of the a.s.sassins ; part to take it into the Sen-
ate house and use the meetingiilaee of the Oi)ti-
mates a second time as the i)yre of the people's
friend. A few legioinuies, jierliaps to spare the
city a feneral coiiMagration, advised that it
slKJuld be consumed where it lay. The platform
was torn up and tlie broken timbers jiiled into
a heap. Chair> and licnches were thrown onto
it, the whole crowd rushing wildly to add a
<hi|) or splinter. Actors flung in their dresses,
musicians their instruments, soldiers their
sw(jrds. "Women addetl their necklaces and
.scarfs. ^lothers brought up their children to |
contribute toys and playthings. On the pile so |
comi)osed the l)otly of Ctesar was reduced to |
ashes. The remains were collected with alfee- i
tionate 'are and deposited in the tond) of the '
Cii'sars, In the Campus Martins.— FiioinK'rt
C.Ks.vn, eh. 27.
'JiiAtl.
of funeral riles
greatest
like most other
K;i!lp(iiinK. To be de|)rived
they considered as on(^ of llm
calanuties. The Egyptians did not,
nations, consign \\\v bodies of
lilt! dead to destruction ; they preserved them b
in tiy
with
end)ahning, and celebrated their obseijiues
extraordinary solemnity. Hut these funeral hon-
ors were; never bestowed ludess in virtue of a
solemn and judicial deci'cc. A court compo.sed
of forty judges granted their warrant for every
funeral. The cliaractciof t he deeea.st'd was rig-
orously in\'estigated, and if any crindnal or im-
projH'r conduct was proved, the customary hon-
ors were refused to him. If his life hacl l)eea
virtuous and exempt from all bhune, a pulilie
l)anegyric was jironouiKcd oti his memory, and
])ernu.ssion was granted for the usual endialming
and obsecpnes. The most singular and at tho
.same time the most admirable circumstance at-
tending this custoi 1 was, that the sovereigns
themselves, though venerated during their lives
with an almost superstitious regard, which for-
bade^ all .scrutiny into their actions, were yet
after death .subjected to the same rigorous and
impartial iiupiest with the meanest of their sub-
jects ; and Diodorus assures us that .some of tho
Egyi)tian kings had been deprived of funeral ob-
se(piies, and their memories thus consigned to
infamy, by IIk; judgment of that solenm tribu-
nal.— Yvri.KK's'lInT., Hook 1, ch. 4, p. 37.
atlSJI. FUNERAL, Humble, iW/y«.y. [His
assa.ssinators] cut olf his head and east his naked
body \\\M)\\ the sand, where a faithful slave who
had attended him, stealing to the i)lace during
the silence of the inght, made a small funeral i)iU!
from the fragments of a boat, and burnt tlio
body, carrying the ashes to Cordelia. — TvTLEii'a
Hist., Hodk 4, ch. 2, p. 410.
3251. FUNERAL, Immense. Ahmham, Lin-
coln. [The fmieral cortege stopped at New York
ei( roiiti' for Springtield, 111. The remains of tlie
assassinated President were exhibited at the City
Hall.l All through that day [April 24, 1866]
and the succeeding night tlie endless stream
poured in, while outside the Park, Broadway,
and the entire area of l^rinting Hou.se Sipiare,
reacliing u])('liMtham Street and East Broad-
way, as far as the eye could see, a vast throng
of people stood silent and lio|iele.ss, but still ex-
pectant, of a chance to eut( i /md .see the body
of the UMirdered J'rcsiilcnt. Not less than
150,000 i)ersons obtained ■•id/nissioii, and not
less than twice; that nu(id» r bad waited for it in
vain. . . . On the 2511), . . . escorted by tho
finest militiu'v display ever seen in \ew York,
iuid followed in procession by gr<'at niunbers of
luT citizens, the car moved through the princi-
])al streets ... to the ilcpot. — ]{.vy.\iom>'s
Lincoln, ch. 21, j). 710.
3355. FUNERAL, Impressive. Jnliu)^ C(vmv><.
Cu'sar's body, after i'( inaining till evening on the
tloor of theSenate-hou.se. bail been carried home
in the dusk in a litter by three of his servants,
and was now lying in his palace. If it was not
to be thrown '\\\\xi the Tiber, what was to be
done with it? . . . Though (Mcero had advi.sed in
the Senate that the discussion whether C'a'sar had
deserved death should not be raised, yet it was
plain to him ami to every on;' that, unless Ca'sar
FUNKHAL— FlTnUTV.
267
I
wiw licld iruilty of coiispiriiijiuKiiiiist tin- ('(insti-
tution, tilt' nuirdiT svnH iin<l would he rctfiirdcd
lis ft niosi (xccral)!!' ( rinic. lit! dreaded tlie ef-
feet of ii public funeral. . . . Tlie liody was
brouL^lit ilown to the Forum and placed u|itin tin-
Rostra. 'I'lie dress had not lieeii chan^'eil ; the
jfown, i.'11-hetl with daus^ers and soaketl in lilooti,
WHS still wrappetl about it. The will was read
first, ('iccrosaitl : . . . " Toward the p)(ls he was
Hiirh i'liest. To you he was Consul ; to the army
lie wa- Iniiieratoi' ; to the enemies of his ctiun-
try, Diiiator. In sum he was I'nlir I'litrin'.
And this your father, your I'ontifex, this hero,
whose person was declared iiiviolalile. lies deail
— dead, not by disease or aije, not by war t)r
visitation of (JImI, but here at home, by cons|)ir-
acy within your own walls, slain in the Senate-
liouse, th(! warritir unarmetl, the peacemaker
naked to his fties. 'I'he rii^htcous judic in the
Hvtil of jud;;nient. He whom no forciirn enemy
could hurt lias been killed by his fellow-coun-
trymen — he, who hail -d often shown mercy, by
those whom ht! iiail sparetl. Where, I'a'sar, is
your love ftir inankinti ? Where is the sacred-
iiess of your life ? Where are your laws V Mere
you lie nnirtlered — here in the Forum, tlirt)Uj,di
which so often you inarched in triumph
wreathed with garlantls ; hen; upon the Ktistra
frt)m which you were wont to adtlress your peo
l>k'. Alas ft)r yt)ur i^ray hairs dabbleil in blood I
alas foi this lacerated robe in which you wert;
tlre.ssed for the .sacritice I" — Fuoidk's C'.ks.xh,
ch. 27.
3356. FUNERAL panegyrics. Criticincd. It
■was an ancient custom in the funerals, as well
as in the triumphs, of the Romans, that the
voire of jirai.se should be cornjcted by that of
fiatire and ridicule ; and that, in the midst of the
splendid pajreants, which tlis|)layed the glory of
the living or of the (h'ail, their imperfectuins
shoiiM not he concealed from the eyes of tht-
world This custom was practised in the funeral
of Julian. The coniedian.s, wlio rcsenteil his
<:ontem|it antl aversion for tht^ theatre, exhibited,
witli the ajiplause of a Christian audience, the
lively and exiigui'ialcd rcprcHeiilalion of the
faults and follit^s of the deceased emperor. Mis
variotis character and sinixular manners iToriled
an amiile scope for pleasantry ami ridicule. In
the exercise of his uncommon talents he often
descended below the majesty of his rank. Alc.v-
ander was transformeii into Diogenes ; the j)hil-
o.sopher was degraded into a priest. 'Vhv purity
of his virtue was sullied by excessive vanity ;
his su]ierstition disturbed the peace and endan-
gered the safety of a mighty empire ; and his
irregular sallies were the less entitled to indul-
gence, as they ajipeared to be th(^ laborious ef-
forts of art, or even of atfectation. The remains
of Julian were interred at Tarsus in Cilicia ; his
stately toiub arose in that city, on the banks of
the cokl ;;nd limpid ('\ilnus. — (Jiitiio.N's Romk,
ch. 24.
2!i5y. FUNERAL, Patriotic, liusto,,. a. d. 1770.
A number of boys chased Richardson [tin in-
former] to his own house, and threw stones. I'ro-
voked Init not endangered, he tired among them
and killed one of eleven years old, the .son of
a poor German. At his funeral five hundretl
children walked in front of the bier ; six of his
scliool-fcllows held the pall ; and men tjf all
ranks moveil in prt)ce.ssit>n from Liberty Tree In
the Tt)wn Utilise, and thence to the "burying
place." Stildiers and titlleers looketl tin with
wtiuntletl priile. — ll.vNt Kt)KTH I'. S., vtil, 0, cu.
4;i.
aartN. FUTURE LIFE, Belief in. (InnU. (With
the (iaulsj it was aidnininn practice tti ctmtract
tiebts with a slipiilatitin that they shtmltl be pay-
alile in the iie.xl stage tif existence. Hence, let-
ters were thrown uptm the funeral pile, that the
tlcctasetl might carry to his relati\(s niitl friends
in I'aratlise inftirmalion of the wishes antl ]irti-
cecilings of thtise wliti remained on earth. And
thus, upon tilt; tieath tif a chieftain, whatever hit
had most valued in this life — armor, ornaments,
horses, dogs, sometimcH even his householtl wer-
vants — were either burnetl or interretl with hiin,
that he might resume his treasures at his entranci3
on a higher sphere. — Stcdk.nts' Fit.\.\ k, ch. 1,
3350. . I'lrniiiiis. Man liecomes
subject to death in eonset|Uence of his sins ; but
when the perioil arrives that the whole inliabi
tants of the earth shall be converteil to the reli'.;-
ion of Zoroaster, then shall be the resurrection
'f the tieatl, with their earthly bodies and souls.
The Just shall lie .separateil from the unjust, tho
former to be translated to Paradi.se, where they
shall enjoy the highest pleasures, lioth of .soul
and botiy ; the latter to be puritleil for an ap-
pointetl sjiace in burning metals, and cleansed
from all their ofTeiices ; after whit h all createtl
beings .shall enjoy the most perfect lia]i|)iness
fortiver. Ahrimaii and his evil genii shall un-
tlergti the same purification ; and after his lim-
itetl punishnieiit even he shall paitako of tin)
jovs of eternity, repeat the Zeiidavesta, antl ioiii
wfth all beings in the praises of Orinuzd. — 'f'YT-
i.KHs Hist., Rook 1, ch. 11, ii. 128.
3360. FUTURE overlooked. If/iionnin'. Tht;
Indian who fells the tree that ho may gather tht!
fruit, antl the Arab who plunder.s the caravans
of commerce, art; actuated by the .same inijiulst)
of .savage nature, which overlooks the future in
the present, anil relimiuishes for momentary ra-
iiiiie the long and .secure possession of the most
im]>(irtant blessings. And it was thus that the
shrine of St. Peter was profaned by the thought-
less Romans, who pillaged the oilerings and
wounded the pilgrims, without computing the
number and valuta of similar visits, which they
prevented by their inhospitable sacrilege. — Gin-
noN'.s Ro.MK, ch. ()!(, p. 42.').
33«l. FUTURITY disclosed, Tnipoxforn. 'With
a rude and unenlightened jieople then is no
j jiassion more strong than tin; desire of iieiie-
1 trating into futurity. It woultl seem that the
' less the human niiinl is aided by experience, or
enabled from cxt;'iisive knowledge tti form i)rob-
able conjectures of the future from the past,
I the more it is ajil to wish for and to believe the
i possibility of some .secret art or method of ob-
j taining such anticipated views. All barbarous
nations have their augurs, their sorcerers, or
their oracles. The Canadian savages have in
every tribe a few crafty imi)ostors, who jiretend
to foretell future events by visions, which they
have in their sleep, and who are thence termetl
(ImiDwrx. When the tribe marches to war, these
dreamer* constantly iUtenil in the rear i>f the
troop, ami no measure is Nentured upon till they
:fl
2t;s
(!.\IX-(}AMIW-INn.
i
in
!
ari' coriMultcd. The Afrliim nc^fint •< liiivc lliclr
0/1/ niciniiiil woriK'ii, who (leal in rlmriim innl in
cunlations, and arc lirnily lirlii'vcd to iiavc ihc
power 1)1' (iisiiciiNin);; pxid ami evil I'mhiiM' at.
IJM'ir iilcasiirc. 'I'iic sorcirif'H of llic l.aplMriilir
arc Well Iviiown, ami ilif .hccoikI "tiiriii ol' iln'
Hcitllisli ilii;lilnM(|irs ; all proceed Irtun 1 lie same
source— innoianci- and Miper>lilion, — 'I \ n.i-.iiH
liisr , Hook I, ( h, 7, i>. (II.
'J'JII'i. GAIN or Lou. 'Hk' T,irl,ir [When
the lnhaliilant.>4 ol' the conipiered eitv >>l' I>paliaii
revolted ai,niinHt, the anlhorily of 'I'lnioiir, | he
(lex|)alche(i instantly KID.tltIO 'men, uilh oi'ders
that, each should hrini; him the hcail of a I'er-
Hian, under penalty of lo.sin!.' his own. — I,\M\|{
Tink'h 'riiiiii;\ , p". Ill 1.
•i'i«:i. GALLANTRY, Inconsiderate. Olinr
(iohlnmilli . While sirollin;' one day in these
;,'arden><, he met three feinalcs of the family of a
respectalile tradi'smaii to whom he -was under
Mime <>li!i<;a!ion. With hin prompt, disposition
lo oliliire, he comliicted Ihemalioni the pirden,
treated llieni to tea, a. id ran up a hill in the
most open liande<l manner ini.'itfiniihle ; it. was
oidy when he came to pay that lu found himself
111 one of his old di'emnias — In had not the
wherewithal in his pocke' A svene of per|)le.v-
ity now took place hetwceii hini and the waiter,
in th(' midst of which came up some of his a'
(piaintances, in whose eyes lie wished to stand
liarticiilarly wi II. This completed hism(irtili( a
tion. There u.is no ccinccaliii'.,' the .awkward-
ness of his position. The sneers of the waiter
revealed it. Ills ai'quainlanccs .iiiiuscd them-
Kclvcs for some lime el his expense, profcssimr
their inability to relieve him. When, however,
they had enjoyed their '>anter. Hie wait<'r was
paid, and poor (ioldsmilh enalili il to convoy olV
the ladies \\ilh ll.\ ing (,'olors. — lii\iN(.'s Goi.n-
B.MITII, eh. Vi, \^. !»."),
2a«.|. GALLANTRY, Proof of. /•; /" 'A' linhi-H.
As Ale.x.iiidcr |.Se\rius) was a modi : iind duti-
ful youth, of only seventeen years of aire, the
reins of iro\-ernmenl were in the hands of two
Women — of his ii')tlier .Mam.e.i, and of Masa, his
j;r,indniolhei-. . In hereditary nuaiarchies, . . .
especially those . 1 modern Kurope, the l^iM.iiU
spirit of chi\idi'y and the law of succession have
accustomed us to ;illow a sin!j:ular excejition [to
the conlincnienl of the femaU^ sex lo domes-
tic life] ; and a woman is often acknowledged
the al)solut(! sovereign of a great kingdom, in
which she would he deemed incapaliie of exer-
cising the smallest, employment, civil or military.
— (jinnoN's l{().\ii:, eh. (i, p. IT.").
2'i«5. GAMBLING, Degraded by. ('l,„rliH /ua:
[When Fo.x wa-- opposing, as a iiieinli"r of the
government, the jietition of some of the clergy,]
(iibhoii writes : " Charles Fox iirepared Idmself
for that holy work by ])assing Iweiily-lwo hiaus
ill tlio |)ious exercise of ha/.ar<l ; his devotion
only cost him about i;.")()0 an hour- in all, .tll,-
OIM)." [In 177!) Lord Carlisle writes :) '■ Charles
tell.s nil! that he has not now, nor has had for
some time, one guini^a, and is liapi)i<'r on that ac-
count." [He must have felt the degradation of
liis situation when he borrowed money of club-
waiters, and saw his goods seized for execution.]
— Kniuht's Eno., vol. 7, eh. C, p. 105.
3266. . EdHofSiDiihrland [Reign
of James II.] Ilin ill-luck at the ha/.urd-table was
such that his estates were daily becoining more
and more encumbered. In the hnpeof exlricat-
iii'j himself from his embarrassments, h. Iwtray-
ed lo Harillon all the sclieiiics advci r In Kranci!
which had been meditaied in the Kiiu-HnIi cabi-
net, and liiiUed that a secretiiry of slate ci' dd in
such times ,<'nder services for which it mii^ht be
wise ill l.ouis lo pa_\ !arirel\. The ambassador
told his master that HutMl giiini is was the small-
est gratilication thai eoidd be ,, Men d to .so im-
portant a ininisier. I.ouis coiisenied to ^0 a.s
liigh as 'J."),(l(M)erowns, cquivalenl to about IJ.'ilKM)
stei'ling. It was agreed Ihal Sunderland should
receive this sum yearlv, and that he should, in
relnrii, exert all his nillucnce to nrevent IIk^
reassendiling of the Parliament. — .'l.\(ALi..\Y'rt
Kn(1., ch. (I, p, "lit,
il467. , Ciiffec-lfouxcH. Inio these
places of public resort [the collee houses] tlu;
lowest sharpers found their way ; and gentlemen
were not ashamed to stake their money against
llieiiioiicy of the most infamousof society. T'iie
•• people of (piality" wvw not ashamed of llieir
compaiiicns till the li'_dil of ]iublic opinion was
let ill on them. — IxMiiiiT's Kn(i., vol. ."), ch, ','7,
p. 4-Jl).
ail6«, GAMBLING, Escape from. Wilhn-forrr.
[Whi'ii \ un,,'- and rich, he \vent to I,oncloii as
Nlember of I'arliameii). He writes hi- ex|)c
rieiice ;] The very first time I went lo IJoodle's
I won 'J.") guineas of the Duke of Norfolk. 1 be-
longed at thill time to live clubs. 'I'hc first time
I was al HroiiUes', scarcely knowing any one, I
joined, from me;-" shyness, in ]ilay at the faro-
table. A friend who knew my inexperience, and
regarded me as a victim decked out for .sacrilice.
called out lo ine, " Wli.it, Wilberforce, is that
\ ou y" 'I'lie bank keeiier resented the interfer-
ence, ami said, in his most expressive tone, " Oh
sir, don't inierrnpt .Mr. Wilberforce ; he could
not be belter employed." Some time after he
was jiersuaded to keep the bank at a faro-table
of one of Ihc clubs. " As the game l'I'cw deep,"
says his son, " he rose tin winner of .LiilKt. .Much
of this was lost by iho-i ho were only lii'irs lo
future fortunes, and (ould not therefore meet
such a call without incon\-enienc(!. 'i'hc pain he
felt at tin ir annoyaii' e cured him of a taste
which seemed but too ikelyto become predomi-
nant." — Kmoiit's Ivn<.., vol. 7, ch. (I, p. llMi.
25160. GAMBLING, Fashionable. /•;-//,//. Cowper
wrote : " Il is in vain to look for conversation —
where we might expect to (ind it in tlii' greatest
;)cr!eetion — among persons of fashion ; there it
is almost annihilaii'd by universal card playing."
— ivNioiiT's F..MI., vol. 7, ch. (), [1. KM).
aarO. gambling, Losses by. <;il,h,,n. \n
.July, 177(), he writes: " 1 have undone myself,
and il is to no jiurposc in conceal fnnn you my
abominable inadiiess and lolly. I never lost so
much in live times as I have to-night, anil am in
debt to the house for the whole." | He lost.
£10,000.]— Kmoiit's K.Nii., vol. 7, ch. (J, p. 104.
227 1 . GAMBLING, Passion for. Ei<;//,i/i(l. A.u.
17")'J. Peers went out of town to i;ichiuon(i to
])lay at whist on Saturday and rsiinday ; and
r>ord Sandwich, a minister of si.iie, when lie
hunted with the Duke (;f Cumberland carried
dice in his jtocket, to throw a main under a tree
when tlu! hounds were at fault. — Kniuiit's
Eno., vol. 0, ch. 13, p. 1!)'2.
n.WUHJNCJ OAMES.
200
tlSlY'J. OAMBLIKO, Pride .u. Ilifih Ijff. Ili)fli
pliiy Wits rlu'd till' rcii;riiiii; pleasure of Hiwlely
III every com '\s in I'^iiiope. Iinui>» XIV', wiis
not (liH|i|eiise(j when lie lieiiril llial tlic i'orlii
Kilese iiilll>il.SNi.'l"r liiid won I ,M(I(I,IKK) Iriilics of
Ilis iiii'ie ill a -inule liiulll iliull |>lay, lie
tll(iu;;lit, lieeaiiiea prillcesM of the royal lioll.se ' if
I'Viuue. and In' wuh williii;r I'.iirope slioiild ki: a
on what a scaic of :,framleiir j;aiiil»iiMLr wiindoiie
Hi Ills I I. ml. .luliM l,aw. cool, adroir, calciiitil
ill;;, fniiiul till careless ikiMch of llie lime an
easy pi' > . A slotit footman preceded huii to
llielioii ■( sof lii.saiilaui>iii>lM, eaiiyiii;; two heavy
lia^^H of i;old, and the servant usually had a
heavier load to carry home than the one he
liroiulii in till' eipiirse of a f< \\ yeurs, hcsidi's
iiviii'.' like a |)i'iiH'i'. he could p'.diice in ready
money a sum equal in our currency to ijii.C'in.-
HIH). 'indeed, ^la h was his siieci^>, that lie was
uspecleii of cliealiliir. 1IM(| at I i-l few Vclitlirr'il
lo pla\ u itii liiiii, Cvri iiri:i)i.\ "1 liio'i, p. 4r)l.
SWT:|1. GAMBLING, Ruinous. </,, ',„/,/.,,„//',.
|iiehaii I' ii'iilly lost l.';t() — ;dl his > .iniiiL,'s — In ii
sliori tour taken to " see llie world."] A new
coiisiiltation was heiil an.oiii,'' (loldsmilli
friends ii lo his fuluic ( oui>e, and it was deter
mined In should try the law. His uncle Conta-
line airrct d load\aiice tile necessary funds, and
ai'lualiy fiiinishrd liim with i'ol). \\llli wlii( i lie
set oil' ti,r London lo enter on his siudie.s lU llie
'I'empli'. Infoiiunately. he fell in company at
l>iililiii willi a If. 'scominoii iiei|uaintanec, one
wliose wits Imd hei n siiarpi'iied aliiMii town, who
lie^cuiicd him into a iianiliiiiiir liousc. and soon
left liirii .IS penniless as when lie hesirodi iliere-
liollhtalili' I''iddle hack. — lllviNo's (ioMisMI'I'll,
ell. 4, ]). ;!.■).
aari. . EuiiJUh C, utnj. [lleury
St. .loliii writes in ITOti :] Vou ask me how play
Uses nie lliis year '.' I am sorry to say very ill,
a.s it has already, --inee Ot'tolier, iikiii i'8(K)
from mc : iioraiii 1 in a likely way i imhiirse
myself soon hy the emoluments ot . |ilace or
military jirefei meiit, liaviiii; voted the oihercven-
iiii,^ ill a iiiinoiity. ... If ruined, tiiere were
two ii-ources aL;aiiist starvation — a ]ilace or u
wife. Henry St. .IcJin Ixcame Lord MoliiiLrlaoke.
Ill 1777 (liiirles 'rowiishend w rites of luni ; " He
is none to ilii'li in |puisuit of a lady, who he
proposes sliiMiid recruit his rmances. It is .said
siie has accepicd his proposal." — IxMOHTS
JvNii., vol. 7, ch. (), J). I():i.
♦2'2r5. GAMBLING, Universal, ad. 11!)4. The
jiassion of play'iiif for money was so universal,
lliat in tlic crusade, in ■which ail ranks of men
were eiiira;,'!'!!, tlie kiiitrs of jMii,daiid and l'"niiice
made tlie most strint^cnt rcirulatiiais to keep
.i^amliliiii; witiiin limits. No man in tlie army
wa.s to iilay at any kind of pime for money,
Willi the exception of kiiii:iits and the cleriry,
and IK) kiiii^lit or clerk was to lose more than
yo,". in oriedav. — Iv.Moiit's ICno., vol. 1, ch. 'i'l,
p. :i'^t;.
aarO. GAMBLING, Vice of. Vr„Ufic. Petro
iiius Ma.Nimus, a weallliy .senator (if the Aiii-
(;iaii family, wlio had been twice consul, was ]>os-
.s(j.ssc(l of II chii.ste and beautiful wife ; iier obsti-
nate resistance served only to irritate the desires
of Valeiitinian ; and he resolvt'd to accomplish
them either by slnita^i'in or force. Deep tram
iiii; was (iiic of !li(. vices of tlie court ; the em-
|VTor, who, by clmnci'iir ronlriviuicc, liud j^aiiied
from Ma.\imuH ii considerable Hiim, iiiicourti!-
ously evacied his rliij; as a security for llie di4il,
and 'Ml it by u Irusly inc^sen^rer to his wife,
willi an order, ill iicr husbands name, that nIio
should imiliediately .itleiid the KlliplesM I'illdoxia.
'I'lic Miisiispectinu; wife of Maximiis was con
VCM I In lier litter to the imperial palm c ; the
emissaries of her impatieni lover condiicled her
to a reiuoteand silent bed( hambir ; and Viileii-
tiiiiaii violaled, witlioiii remorse, iliilawsoj hos-
pilaiilv. ill r teal's, when slic i iiirncil home,
her drr|) iillliction, and her li ' r reproaelicH
lU^aiiisi .1 liiisliand whom she .oh>idered as tlin
accoinplii e of his ow ii Hliame, 'Xi ited iMaviimm
to a ju>l reven!.'e. — (Jiiiiion'h Uovit:, cli. :{"i.
tJJTT'. GAME, Preservation of, liihuinini. The
.\liir;in lioiis, w lien picssi d liy liuiit.'ir, infest-
eil llie open ulhi^es and luliivatcd c oimtry ;
all' :liey infesteil llnin with impiiiiily. 'I'lie
io\,d JMii^l was iiv^ei 1 cd tortile pliiisiirc of the
emperor Mild the ciipilal ; and llic iinforliinale
])easaiit \v Im killed one of tlicin. tlioiiuh in his
own deteiici ji riiircd a very lieavv penalty.
'I'liis i\\v\\.i\\,\\\\.,v\ <i<ini<-linr was iiiilii^aled by
llonoi'Ms. and linidly repealed by .lusijninii.
— Mil ^ >N^ Ndri;, (iiuito.N s UoMK, cli i.
•J'2f* GAMES, Beneflcial. Au.-i,!,!. In a pi-
litii ,, , i, .\,llitvr 1 iblic ^allies were, diirini; the
|i I ai,'es of their institution, id' tlic most iiii-
Isiilaiil coiiseipience, Iiidepelldelilly of their
eH'i , I in promoliii'^' in the youth a li: dy and
vinoroii I o'lfoiiiialion of body, and Hint tictiv
ily iiid addi 'ss in martial c\' n iscs ,nd 'ii siiiirli;
ciaiibal. which, m cordin^M ilic aiiiiiiit system
of war, well' of the utmost iiiipoilaiK r, a most
belli lieial coiisei(Ucnce of those public irame.s
was the fi'ei|iieiit assciiibliiiL'' totictlier of llie lii-
liabianls of all the Slates of (Jrecce, and ilius
proiiio'ini,'' a national union ; to w liicli tlieililler-
eiicc of their pivernmeiits, and their scpar'iie in-
terest-, were ollicrwise opposinix a const, iiit re-
sistance. Assembled on tliese public occasions
from iiiolives (d iileasiirc and iiniuseiiii iit, to
wliii'i was joined the notion id' p' rforminsi a
duty of rcl'uioii and indiiliriii!.'' in tverv species
of feslivitv , tliey could not avoid condderiii^
eacli other as brethren and fellow-citizens.
V\'li;itcver were the polji'ial iiilcrfercnces of the
seviral Slates, or their iiaiioiial aiiinio-ilies, every
tiriidyc of this kind was at least for ihe time ob-
literated, 'I'liucydidcs inforinsiis tli.il ill liostih;
o|ieratioii-- lietvveeii Slates ailually il war were
siis|)eiided diiriiii,' tile perfoiniaiice of tliose sol-
eiiinilies. AiiolJier coiise(|ueiice of those meet-
iiiiis was 'he dissemination id' knowlcdu'e, arts,
science, iiiid literature; for it must be observed,
that alliioiiLili the chief contests in tlic sacred
tranics were those in tlie martial and iitlili lic ex-
ercises, there were likewise trials of skill in
poetry, history, and music; and it is cliietly to
these laller exercises of irenius thai vvi must at-
triliute tlie eniiiience of tlie (Jreeks in those
sciences above all the nations of antiipiity. —
TvTi, Kit's Hist., I?ook l,cli. 7, p. (Mi.
2270. GAMES, Employment in, MiUUiry. In
a loiiir-coiitiiiued war at a distance, as that of
Troy, the winti^r sea.son was siient in the camp,
and there was a complete cessation of hostilities.
Diclys of Crete informs us tliat the Greek-s
duriiiL: tlie winter exercised tliemselves in u va-
SAAAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)
%
A
:a
4^0
LO ^ii«
I.I
125
u
2.0
im
1
1.25 1.4 1.6
^
6" '
►
Hiotographic
Sdoices
Corporation
23 WiST MAIN STREET
WEBSTER, N.Y. MS 80
(716) •72-4503
^
V
V
iV
<x
rv
\
■^j^
M
270
GAMES— GENEROSITY.
rii'ty of puncs, wliicl-. fended to relieve the anx-
!id keep up tlie nmrtiid
iet^ of the troojjs, lui
spirit. Tile fjaiiie of <
invented liy Palaiiiedes durint? tliis tedious siege.
— Tytlkk's Hist., Booli 1, eli. 6.
23§0. GAMES. Passion for. GnHs. Tliis pas-
sion of till) (}reelvs for sliows and frames, ex-
tremely laudable, and even beneficial, wlien eon-
fined within due bounds, was carried, at lenirlh,
to a most blamable and pernicious excess. The
victor, ill the Olympic names, who hud fruincd
the first i)ri/,e at runnin.n-, wresilinir, oi driviuija
cha/iot, was crowned with iiin''iir honors than
the ffeneral wiio had f;ained a decisive battle.
lli.s praises wer(! sunj;; by tiu; jioets ; he liad
statues, and even l( niples, dedicated to his name.
(.'i<:ero remarks that auionj; tiie Greeks it Ava-
iiccouiited more u^lorious to carry off the palm at
tlie 01ym])ic iranies than among the Romans I,)
liave obtained the honors of a triumidi. Of
these nations it was ea.sy to foretell ■vvliicli Avas
(loomed to be the master, and which the slave.
— Tyti-ku's Hist., Rook 2, cli. H, p. 23H.
2391. GAMES, Use of. i'^x m icl Joh nmn . .John-
son, 1 believe, did not p.'ay ot draughts after
leaving college, by which lie .suffered ; for it
would have afforded him i>n innocent, soothing
relief from the melancholy which distres.sedhiin
so often. I have heard him regret that he had
not learned to ])lay at cards ; and the game of
draughts we know is peculiarly calculated to fix
the attention without straining it. There is a
composure and gravity in draughts which in-
sensibly tranquillizes the mind ; and, according-
iy, the Dutch are fond of i', as t'ley are of
smoking, of the sedative influence of which,
though he hlm.self never smoked, he had a high
opinion. Resides, there is in draughts .some ex-
ercise of the faculties ; and, accordingly, John-
son wishing to dignify thesubject in his Dedica-
tion with what is most estimable in it, observes :
*■ Tritiers may find or make anything a trifle ;
hut since it is the great characteri.stic of a wise
man to see events in their causes, to obviate con-
sequences, and ascertain contingencies, your
Lordship will think nothing a tritle by which the
mind is inured to caution, foresight, and circum-
spection." — Hoswell's Johnson, p. 85.
22§2. GAMING condemned. Napoleon I. For
gaming in all its branches he manifested . . .
through the whole of his life; the strongest dis-
approval. He ever refused to repose confidence
in any one who was addicted to that vice. — A.b-
BOTT 8 Napoleon R., vol. 1, ch. 4.
3293. Generalization, Vicious. SipIiMs. As
all the strength and skill of the Sophists lay
in the application of general arguments to the
questions which they canva.ssed, nothing more
was necessary for their confutation than to bring
them to particulars — to .set out by some 8imi)le
and self-evident proposition, which being grant-
ed, another followed equally undeniable, till the
disputant was conducted, step by step, by his
own confessions, to that .side of the question on
which lay the truth. No method could be de-
vised more effectual than this for the detection
of sophistry ; and the Athenian logicians very
soon found that their general aposatus of argu-
ment would not avail them against so subtile an
antagonist. They lost all credit and reputation
-TvTi. Kit's Hist., Rook 2, ch
aspiulwophers.
U, p. 207.
2294. GENERALS, Too many. Mdi-eihiuiaiiH.
When Micioii march"d a considerabh; corps of
Macedonians and mercenaries to Rhamnus, and
ravaged the .sea-coast and the adjacent country,
Phocion advaiice(' against him with a i)ody of
Adienians. On this occasion a number of them
were very imiiertinent in iirelcndiiig to diclate or
advise him how to iirocced. One counselled liiiii
to .secure such an emineiu-e, another to send his
cavalry to such a post, and a third i«)iiitcd out
a jilace for a cam]). " Heavens I" said Riiocion,
"how many generals we have, and how lew
soldi(T> ' "— Rl.rT.^HCIl' i i'lKK lO.N.
22*t.-). GENERALSHIP, Successful. 7'"//);«7/.
Roi.ic had ])Ut out her real sirciiglh, and at
once, a> before, all opiiositinii went down before
her. Asia was conii)letely coiKiuered up to the
line of Die Eui)hrates V triumithal inscrip-
tion in Rome declared that Ronqiey, the iier>i)le's
general, had in three years (aptured loOO citie.^,
and had .slain, taken, "or reduced to submi.ssio::,
12,000,00(1 human beings. He justified what
Cicero had foretold of his moral uiiriuhtness.
In the midst of oi)])ortunities such as had fallen
to no commander since Alexander, he outraged
no woman's honor, and he kejil his hands clean
from " the accursed thing." When he returned
to Roir.e, he returned, as he went, iiersonally
poor, but he filled tlie ireasury to overtlmviiig. —
Fuori.i.'s C.«s.vu, ch. 10.
229(>. GENEROSITY, Artful. lioman Einpcr-
(ir Titrltnx. When Tacitus was elected by the
Senate, he resigned his ample patrimony to the
public .service, an act of .ireiierosity specious in
appearance, but which evidently disclosed his
intention of transmitting the empire to his de-
scendants. — Giiujon's l{o.Mi:, ch. 12.
2297. GENEROSITY, Easy. Pope Mexunder
VI, Several causes iini)e(le(l the career of P^ng-
lish discovery during the greater part of the six-
teenth century. The next year after the new
world was foiiiid thejiope, Alex;'nder VI., drew
an imaginary line north and south, three liuu-
dred miles Vest of the Azores, and issued a
papal bull, giving all islands iuid countries west
of that line to Spain. Henry VII. of England
was himself a Catholic, and he did not care to
begin a cf)nflict with his Church iiy pressing his
own claims to the newly found regions of the
West. His .son and successor, Ilenrv VIII., at
first ado]ited the same jtolicy, and it was not
till after the Iteforniation had i)een accomplished
in England that the decision of the pope came
to be disregiirde(', and finally despised and
laughed at.— RiorATii's U. S., "ch. 6, p. 78.
2299. GENEROSITY, Example of. R>i\ John
ILtrninl. After strugglin.ir with disease forabout
a year, he died of coiisuinpliiin. AVhen his will
was opened, it was found that he had left his
whole library of two hundred and .sixtv volumes
and one half of his estate to the proposed col-
lege — his estate being worth nearly £1(500 ster-
ling. Provided thus with a fund of nearly t'1200,
the trustees went forward, erected a building, es-
tablished the college, and conferred upon it the
name of its first benefactor. The examiile of
John Harvard was more beneficial even than the
money which he bequeathed, fur it inspired a
WENKUOISITY— GKNIUS.
271
larpe number of other persons with generous
feelings towiinl the infant institution. — Cyci-o-
FEDIA OK Bio<t., p. 58!}.
ail§9. OENEBOSITY, Indiscreet. Mohmnmc-
<hin. A dispute liiul luisen, wlio, among tlie citi-
zens of Mecca, was entitled to the prize ot' generos-
ity ; and a sueeessive application was made to the
three who were deemed most worthy of the trial.
Ahdallah, the son of Abbas, had imdertaken a
distant journey', and his foot was in the stirrup
when he heard tlie voice of a sui)]iliant, " (> son
of the tnicle of the ajiostleof (iod, 1 am a trav-
eller, an<l in distress 1" lie instantly (lisn>ounted
to ])rc'sent the i)ilgrini witli his camel, her ilch
cajjarison, aud a purse of 4()(K) pieces of gold, ex-
cepting oidy tlu! sword, either for its intrinsic
value, or as tlu; gift of an honored l^insman. The
servant of Kais iiiformed the second sujjpliant
that his master was asleep ; but he immediately
added, " Hero is a purse of 7000 pieces of gold
(it is all we have in the house), and lien; is an
order that will entitle you to a camel and aslave;"
the master, us soon as he awoke, praised and en-
franchised Ills faithful steward, with a gentle re-
])r()of, that by respecting his sluml)ers he had
stinted his bounty. The third of these lieroes,
the blind Arabah, at the hour of jjrayer, was
supporting liis steps on the shoulders of two
slaves. "Alas!" lie replied, "my coffers are
empty ! but these j'ou .nay .sell , if j-ou refuse,
1 renounce them." At these wonls, pushing away
the yo'.ths, he groped along the wall with his
staff. — GinnoNs Ko.mk, ch. 50.
2390. OENEBOSITY, Noble. Benjamin Fntnk-
lin. When, at the age of .seventeen, he landed
lit Philadelphia, a runaway apprentice, lie had
one silver dollar and one shilling in copper
coin. It was a fine Sunday morning, as prob-
ably the reiider remembers, and he knew not a
soul in the place. He asked the boatmen upon
who.se boat he had come down the Delaware how
much he had to pay. They answered, Nothing,
because he had helped them row. Franklin,
liowever, insisted upon their taking his shilling's
worth of cojipers, and forced the money upon
them. An hour after, having bought three rolls
for his breakfast, he ate one, and gave the other
two to a poor woman and her child, who liad
been his fellow-passengers. These were small
things, you may .say ; but remend)er, he was a
poor, ragged, dirty runaway, in a strange town.
— Cycloi'edi.v of Bioo., p' 129.
2291. .Peter Cooper. [Erection of
Cooper Institute.] He bought tlie first lot about
thirty years before he began to build, and from
that time continued to buy pieces of the ground
as he could spare the money. In 1854 the
wh'.le block was his own, and he began to
erect thereon a massive structure of .stone, brick,
and iron, si.K stories in height, and fire-proof in
every part. It cost $700,000, which was all the
fortune the founder possessed, except that in-
vested in his busiiv^sb. In 1859 be delivered the
property, with the joyful and proud c(,nsent of
his wife and children,'into tlie liands of trustees,
and thus placed it forever beyond his control.
Two thousand pupils immediately applied for
admission, a number which has greatly increased
every year, imtil now most of the departments
are filled during the winter season with attentive
students. From the beginning, as many as three
thousand persons used the nailing room every
week. — Cycloi'KDIA ok Hioo., ]), 579.
3292. OENEBOSITY, Patriotic, ^^orth Caro-
lina to JioHtoii. A.I). 1774. At Wilmington . . .
the Sinn of ,t2000 currency was raised in a few
(lays ; the women of the plac(! gave liberally ;
Parker (Quince olTered his vessel to carry a load
of provisions, freight free, and master and mar-
iners volunteered to navigate her without wages.
— HANcm)KT's U. S., vol. 7, ch. 5.
2293. . South Carolina t» B-Htoi,.
A.T). 1774. [Boston port was closed by the I'orl
Act, and the peo])le began to sutTiT. ] The colo-
nies vied with each otherin lilieralily. The rec-
ord kei)t at IJoston shows that "the ]iatriolic
and generous i)eo])lc" of South Carolina were the
first to minister to thesulTenrs, sending early in
,Iun(!two hundred barrels of rice, and in'oniising
ciifht hundred more. — Banc kokt's U. S., vol. 7,
cli. 5.
229.1. OENEBOSITY, Sincerity in. Cronnrdl.
He was moved to tear; when he heard of the
sufT(!rings of the i)eoi)le of the valleys. He sent
inmiediately" the sum of .t2000 from his own
purse to aid the exiles. He appointed a day of
humiliation to be held throughout the kingdom,
and a general collection on their behalf. The
people heartily responded to his call, and testified
their .sympathy with their distressed brethren
by raising the sum of ,t40,()()0 for distril)u-
tion among them. — Hood's Cho.mwki.i,, ch. 16,
p. 213.
2295. OENIUS, Advance of. haac Neirtoii. This
great man, whose genius far outshone all wjio
have gone before him in thei>ath of philosophy,
and who has, perhaps, exhausted tlie most impor-
tant discoveries of the law of nature, so as not to
leave to posterity the possibility of eclipsing his
fame, had, it is certain, made the greatest of his
discoveries before he had attained tlie age of twen-
ty-four. Before that early jieriod of life he had
discovered the theory of universal gravitation.
Dr. P(!niberton, who has given an excellent view
of his philosophy, informs us that Newton, as
he .sat one day alone in a garden, fell into a rev-
cry or si>eculation on the jiower of gravity. It
occurred to him that as this jiower is not found
sensibly to diminish at the remotest distance to
which we can ascend from the centre of the
earth — for instance, at the toj) of the highest
mountains — it was not iinreasonable to sujipo-se
that it might extend much farther than was usu-
ally thought. Why not (said he to himself) as
high as the moon ? and if so, her motion must
be influenced by it. Perhaps it is that which re-
tains her in her orbit ! However, tlnnigh the
Jiower of gravity is not .sensibly weakened in the
little change of distance at which we can p.lace
ourselves from the centre of the earth, yet it is
very possible that so high as the moon this pow-
er may dilYer much in strength from what it is
here. To make an estimate what might be the
degree of the diminution, he considered with
himself that if the moon be retained in her orbit
by the force of gravity, no doubt the primary
planets are carried round the sun by the like
power ; ami by comparing the periods of the
.several planets with their distances from the sun,
he found that if any power like gravity held
them in their courses, its strength must decrease
in the duplicate proportion of the increase of
272
GENIUS.
(listancc. Stipposiii;^, tlK-rcforc, tlii! jjower of
gravity, wht^ii (jxtcntled to tin; moon, to dccTcasi!
in till' sanu! proportion, Ju; computed whi'lher
tliat force would l)c sulllcient to keep tiie moon
in lierorhit, and lie found it would lie suUieient.
Newton had now the satisfaction to perceive
that this inquiry, which an accidental thouj^ht
had iriven rise to, led to the discovery of a uid-
versal law of nature, which solved the most strik-
ini; of her plienomena. It is thus that fj:enius
])ruceeds, step hy step, from the simplest prin-
ciples to the most sid)lim(! conclusions. — Tyt-
i.KU's JIisT., Hook «, eh. JitJ, p. 4))().
22»«. GENIUS, Age of. At/niiimtn. Athens,
after her I'crsian triumphs, adopted the jihiloso-
]iliy cif Iidua and th(^ rhclori(' of Sicily ; and these
studies became \\w ])atrimony of a city wiiose
inlialiitiwils, about thirty thousand males, con-
deuM'tl. within tlu; ])crio(l of a sinirlo life, the
ifcnius (if a,ij;es and nnllions. Our sense of the
diirnily of human nature is exalted by tlu; sini-
])le rtcnlleclion that Isocrates was the compan-
ion nf Plato and Xeiioiihon ; that he assisted,
])erhaps, with tin; historian Thucydides, at the
lirst I'epresentations of Ww (Edipusof .Soiihocles
«nd the Iphiicenia of Euri]iedes ; and that his
liujiils ^Eschines and Demosthenes cont(!nded
f<.r the crown of patriotism in tlu; presence of
Aristotle, tlu; master of Thcojihrastus, who
taiurht at Athens with the founders of the 8toic
and Epicurean sects. — (iinno.N's Komi:, eh. 40.
2'2!»7. GENIUS, Ages of. Af/r »f Lio X. There
«re periods in which the human trenius seems li
turn strouj^ly to one i)art.'cular direction. In one
jx-riod the reasoinnic faculty seems chiefly to de-
liirlit ill contemplating; its own powers, the na-
ture and operations of tlu; mind ; in another, per-
haps the iniaj^iiiation reigns iircdominant, and
the ireneral taste is attracted to works of fancy in
])oetrv or romance. In another era tlu; mechanic
or the useful arts engross the general attention,
and are cultivated v.'ith high success ; in a fourth,
as in the period of which we now treat, the \m[t-
ular taste delighted in the contemplation of
the beautiful. — Tytlku's Hist., Book 0, ch. 23,
p. 317.
2'i98. GENIUS by Ancestry. John Milton. A
host of eminent men have traced the first impulse
of thcVr genius to their mother. ]\Iilton always
ac'knowledged with just gratitude that it was 'o
his father's discerning taste and fostering care
that he owed the encouragement of his studies,
and the leisun? wliicli rendered them possible.
He lia.s registered this gratitude in both prose
and verse. — Mii/roN, hy iM. Pattison, ch. T.
<2'199. GENIUS, Ascendency of. Will in m Pitt.
[See No. 2835.] " I am sure," said he to the Duke
of Devonshire, " I can save this country, and no-
body else can." For eleven weeks England was
without a ministry. [On his dismissal in Ajiril
no man had dared to accept his iilace.] So long
was the agony, so desperate the resistance, so
reluctant the surrender. At last tlu; king [George
III.] and the aristocracy were alike compelled
to recognize the atrendenvy and yield to the
guidance of the man whom the nation trusted
and loved. — B.vxckoft's U. S., vol. 4, ch. 13.
3300. GENIUS, Belated. WilWim Cowjwr.
[Mrs. I'nwin, liis best friend, took care of liiin
while insane.] Mrs. I'nwin, who had terrible
reason for studving his oise, saw that the thing
most wanted was congenial einiiloynxMit for the
mind, and .she incited him to try his liiuid at
poetry on a larger scale. He listened to her ad-
vice, and when he was nearly tifty years of age
became a poet. He had acijuired the; faculty
of verse-writing, as we have s-.'eii ; he had eveu
to some extent formed his manner when he wa.s
young. Age must liy this tiiiu! have (pienched
his till! and tamed his imagination, .so that the
didactic style would .'Uithini lust. In the length
of the interval between his early poems and his
great work he resembles Milton ; but widely
dilTerent in the two cases had been the current of
the intervening years. — SMrrii'rt Cowi'KK, ch. 4.
2:101. GENIUS in Childhood. Olim' (iohl-
.miith. Hetore he was eight ycai's old Goldsmith
had contracted a habit of scribbling verses on
sm.'dl .scrajis of jiapcr, which, in a littU; while,
lie would throw into the tire. A few of these
sibylline leaves, however, were rescued from the
tlames and conveyed to his mother. The good
W((man read tliein with a mother's delight, and
saw at once that her son was a genius and a
jioet. From that time she beset lier hu.sband with
solicitations to give the boy an education suit-
able to his talents.— Ikvi.no's Goi.ds.mith, ch. 1,
p. Hi.
2:102. GENIUS, Constructive. Casar. [Hav-
ing driven the Germans out of Gaul, he deter-
mined to terrify them by an invasion of their
own country.] They liegged C'lesar to show
himself aiiKuig them, though his stay might bu
but short, as a jiroof that he had iiower and will
to protect them ; and they oil'ered him boatnand
barges to carry his army over. Ga-sar decided
to go, but to go with more ostentation. The ob-
ject was to iin]u-ess the German imagination ;
and boats and barges, which might not alway.s
be obtainable, would, if they seemed essential,
diminish the elfect. The legions were skilled
workmen, able to turn their hand 10 anything.
He determined to make a bridge, and he chose
Bon for the site of it. The river -vas broad,
deep, and rapid. The materials were still .stand-
ing in \\w forest ; yet in ten days from the first
stroke that was delivered by an axe, abridge had
been made .standing firmly on rows of piles with
a road over it forty feet wide. A strong guard
was left at each end. Ciesar marched across
with tiie legions, and from all .sides deputations
from the astonished ])eo])le jioured in to beg for
peace. — Fuoide's C.ks.mi, ch. 16, p. 39.
2:i0:t. . Sir Ixdnc Netrton. [In
youth] he constructed als(j a four-wheeled car-
riage, propelled by the jier.son .sitting in it. To
amuse his schoolfellows, he made very ingen-
ious kites, to the tails of which he attached lan-
terns of crimpled iia])er, which, being lighted by
a Ci'udle and sent up in the evening, alarmed the
ru.stics of the jiarisli. ( )b.serving the shadows of
the sun, he marked the hours and half hours by
driving in jiegs on the side of the house, and at
length perfected the sun-dial which is still
shown. Without an instructor he learned to
draw .so well as to adorn his room Avith the por-
traits of his schoolfellows and teachers, the
frames of which were very elegantly made by
his own hand. . . . For the young ladies of
his acquaintance he was nijver weary of making
little tables, chairs, cnplioards, dolls, and trink-
ets. — Cvci.orKDi.x OK IJiix;., p. 247.
GKNIUS.
:.'::}
330'l. GENIUS, Co-operative. TinKie Ni'>rto)i.
Siipposo ail ap|)l(! sliouUl full from llic moon —
then what ? It appears to liavc liccii at this point
that th(! great Conjecture occurred to his mind :
Pcrliaps th(! same force tliat draws tiie ajjpies to
th(! ground holds tlie moon in its orhil ! Now,
but for the labors of tin; giants who had pre-
ceded him, this nughty thought woidd have re-
mained a conjecture. Those giants, however,
had learn;id the magnitude of the moon, its dis-
tance fn.mtheeartli, and tlie force of the earth's
attraction at any distance. Newton could, there-
fore, at once put his conjecture to the test of
arithmetic. lie could a.scertain two things with
the greatest exa<;tness : 1, how much force was
recjuired to keep tiie moon in its orbit ; and 3,
with how much force the earth did attract the
moon, supposing that the law of attraction, as
established by Galileo, lield good. If these two
calculations agreed, his conjecture was a discov-
ery. He tried them. They did not agree, liusy
with other investigations, be laid aside this in-
quiry for ninet(!en years. He then learned that
he, in common with all the English astronomers,
Avas in error as to the distance of the moon from
the earth. [His work now proved correct.] —
Pakton's Nkwton, p. 83.
i2305. GENIUS, Creation of. Dedaratum of
IiuU'pemkuiu;. This inunortal State paper, which
for its compo.ser [Thomas Jefferson] was the
aurora of enduring fame, was "the genuine ef-
fusion of the sold of the country at that time,"
the revelation of its mind, when in its youth, its
enthusiasm, its sublime confronting of danger,
it rose to the highest creative p. iwers of which
man is capable. — liAXCUc^KTs U. S., vol. y,
cb. 70.
2306. GENIUS disdained. lioheri Fiiltoi). In
September, 181)7, the famous Clermont, one hun-
dred and sixty tons, was completed. Monday,
September 10, was the day appointed for a
gnuid trial trip to Albany, and by noon a vast
crowd had assembled on the wharf to witness
the performance of what was popularly called
" Fulton's Folly. " Fulton himself declares that,
at noon on that day, not thirty per.sons in the
city bad the slightest faith in the success of th(!
stejimboat ; and that, as the boat was putting
off, he heard many " .sarcastic remarks." At one
o'clock, however, she moved from the dock,
vomiting smoke and sparks from her pine-woocl
tires, and c.-isting up clouds of spray from her un-
covered paddle-wheels. As her speed increased,
the jeers of the incredulous were silenced, and
soon the departing voyagtrs caught the sound
of cheers. — CvcLorEDiA op Buh.., p. 157.
2307. . ,m>i Fitch. It n.uially
requires several generations to p<'rfect a great in-
vention. The steamboat was still very imper-
fect ; it frequently got out of order and made no
money. Poor John Fitch formed another com-
pany, and began another steamboat ; but t]w
faitli and the money of his coadjutors gave out
before it was finished. He petitioned Congress
for help. He sought the aid of State legisla-
tures. He even went to France. All was in
vain. No one believed the steamboat would
ever pay, and few oould see in this poor scare-
crow, this pallid, gaunt, and ragged Yankee,
one of the ablest natural mechanics that ever
lived. He used to slink, in his dirt and rags.
about Philadelpliia, an olijcct of compassion to
some, an(l to others an object of derision and
contempt. Hut start the darling topic of the
steamboat, and th(( whole man was changed.
Fire sjiarkled in his eye, elo((ii('nce tlowcd fioni
his tongue. Uisiiig to his full stature, and lifl-
iiighisloiig, lean arm, he would exclaim : " You
and 1 will not livi; to see the day, but llie time
will {'ome when steamboats will be pnf<iicd to
all other modesof conveyance ; when stcannoals
will ascend the western rivers from New Oilcans
to Wheeling; when steamboats will cnxs the
ocean ! Johnny Fitch will be forgotten, luit
other men will carry out his ideas, and grow
rich and great u])on them." Those who lisii-ned
to .such iiaraiigiies as thes(! would cxchangi:
glances, as if to say, "He is a good fellow
enough ; what a pity he is liiad !" — CYtLui'K-
DIA OK Bioo., p. 151.
230§. GENIUS disparaged, frcorf/f Wii.slii/if/-
(on. The march thither [to winter ([uarters at
Valley Forge] occupied four days. Thousand.i»
of the soldiers were without shoes, and the fro-
7,en ground was marked with bloody footprints.
. . . Log cabins were built for the scjldiers ; . . .
it was a long and dreary winter ; moaning and
anguish were lieard in the caiiq), and the echo
fell heavily upon the soul of the commander.
These were tii(! darkest days of Washington's
life. Congress in a measure abandoned him ; the
people withheld their symiiathies. The brilliant
suc('ess of the army of the Nortli was unjustly
compared with the; reverses of the army of this
South. Many men high i'l military ami civil
station left the great leader unsii])iiorte(l in the
hour of his grief ; even Samui'l Adams, impa-
tient under calamity, withdrew bis contidence.
Tlu'ie was a miserable conspiracy headed by
generals Gates, Conway and Mifllin. AN'ashinu:-
ton was to be suiierseded, and Gates or Leu
[who i)roved either a crank or a traitor (see No.
1645)] was to be made commarider-iii-chicf. But
the alienation was only for a moment ; the al
legiance of the army remained unshaken, and
the nation's contidence in the troubled chieftain
became stronger than ever. — Hiupatu's U. S.,
ch. 40, p. 'd-li.
2309. GENIUS, Eccentricity of. Samud John-
Hoit. Mr. Hogarth came one day to see Kich-
ardson, soon after the execution of Dr. CJam-
cron, for having taken arms for the house of Stu-
art in 1745—10; and being a warm partisan of
George 11. , he oliserved to Kichard.son that cer-
tainly there must have been some very un-
favorable circumstances lately discovered in this
particular case, which had induced the king to
ai)prove of an execution for rebellion .so long af-
ter the time when it was committed, as this had
the apjiearance of putting a man to death in cold
blood, and was very unlike; his >Iajesty's usual
clemency. While he was talking, he perceived
a person standing at a window in the room,
sUaking his head, and rolling himself about in a
strange, ridiculous manner. He concluded that
he was an idiot, whom his relations had ])ut un-
der the care of Mr. Richardson, as a very good
man. To his great surprise, however, this fig-
ure stalked forward to where he and Mr. Rich-
ardson were sitting, and all at once took up the
argument, and burst out into an invective against
George II. — Bosweli.'s Johnson, p. 35.
LI
274
GENIUS.
3310. . SiimudJohnxoi) . One in-
stniuc of his iihscnro and pHrticiiiarity, us it is
rhiinu'tcriHticoC the nmn, may In; wortli rclatinf^.
W'lien hcand I took a iourney loffcllicr into thu
West, wi! visited liic late i\Ir. Hani<s, of Dorset-
Bliirc ; tlie conversation turning; ii|)oii i)ictiirea,
wliicli .lolinson could not well see, he retired to
a corner of tin; room, stretchinji; out his ri^lit
lot!; as far as he could reach before him, then
brinffiiifr \\\^ his left leg, and stretching his right
still further on. The old gentleman observing
him, went up to him, and in a very courteous
manner assured him, though it was not a new
Jiouse, the tlooring was i)erfect]y safe. The
Doctor started from his revery, like a person
waked out of his sleep, but spoke not a word. —
Boswkll's Joiinhon, p. 35.
3311. . Samutl Jnhnsim. Whilr
talking or even musing as he sat in liis chair, In;
commonly held his head to one side toward his
right shovdder, and shook it in a tremulous man-
ner, moving his body backward and forward,
and rubbing his left knee in the .same direction,
with the palm of his hand. In the intervals of
articulating he made various sounds with his
mouth, sometimes as it' ruminating, or wliat is
called chewing tlic cud, sometimes giving lialf a
whistle, sometimes making his tongue play l)a<'k-
ward from tin; roof of his montli, as if clucking
like a hen, and .sometimes protrtiding it against
his upper gums in front, as if jjronoimcing
quickly under his breath, ^«^ tuo, too — all this
accomi)anied sometimes with a thoughtful look,
but in()re frequently with a smile. Generally
•when he had voncluded a period, in the course
of a dispute, by which time he was a good deal
exhausted by violence and vociferation, he used
to blow out his breath like a whale. This I
suppose was a relief to his lungs, and .seemed
in him to be .:. contemptuous mode of expression,
as if he had made the arguments of his oppo-
nent fly like chatT before the wind. — Boswell's
Johnson, p. 135.
3313. . Samvel Johnson. He re-
ceived me very courteously ; but it must be
confessed that his apartment and furniture and
morning dress were surticiently uncouth. His
brown suit of clothes looked very rusty ; he had
on a little old shrivelled unpowdered wig, which
was too small for his head ; his shirt-neck and
knees of his breeches were loose ; his black wors-
ted .stockings ill drawn up ; and he had a pair
of unbuckled shoes by way of slippers. But
all these slovenly particularities were forgotten
the moment that he began to talk. — Boswell's
Johnson, p. 109.
3313. GENIUS, Enterprise of. Cromwell. Eng-
land had never been more than a third-rate pow-
er in Europe ; and the other nations were in the
Leight and heat of their grandeur and fame.
Spain, with a population of about thirty millions
— it had declined recently ; in the time of Charles
V. its population had been about thirty-six
millions ; and the population of England at this
time could not iiave been six millions — [Spain]
was the kingdom of the Inquisition, the chief
land of the Romish power ; with her continents
of golden isles in the west, her pos.se,ssions oJ
gold in her own country — haughty, defiant, and
strong. Spain Cromwell determined to crush.
France was powerful. Only recently had she
2W.
Youthful Ports.
known th(^ monarchy of Henry of Navarre and
the statesmanship of Richelieu. Her destinies
were now guided by the wiliest man and most
fox-like .statesman in Euro|)e, Cardinal Ma/Jirin.
Him Cromwell treated as a valet or a footman,
and his i)ower lay humbled and stricken l)eforo
the genius of the blulf farmer statesman. —
Hood's Ckomwei.i,, ch. 10, p.
3314. GENIUS, Failures of.
Shelley nov began to yearn for fame and pub
licity. iMiss Shelley speaks of a play written by
her brother and her sister Elizabeth which was
sent to Matthews the comedian, and covule-
ously returned as mitit for acting. . . . Medwin
gives a long accoimt of a poem . . composed by
him in concert with Shelley. . . . They .sent the
manuscript to Thomas Campbell, who relumed
it with the observation that it contained but two
good lines —
" It seem'd as if an angel's sigh
Had brerthcd the i)laintive symphony."
— SVMONDS' SlIKI.I.EV, cll. 2.
3315. GENIUS, Hereditary. James Watt. It
is said to re(juire three gent'rations to make a
gentleman. We sometimes find it has taken
three generations to make a genius. The grand-
father of James AVatt was a teacher of naviga-
tion, well skilled in mathematics, and a veiy in-
genious and worthy man. The father of the
great inventor was' a shipwright, noted for hi*
skill and enterprise.— Cyci.oi'EUI a ok Bioo.,
p. 141.
3316. GENIUS, Imitation of. Coliimlus. A
shallow courtier present, impatient of the hon-
ors paid to Columlais, and meanly jealous of
him as a foreigner, abruptly asked him whether
he thought that, in case he had not discovered
the Indies, there were not other men in Spain
who would have been capable of the enterprise ?
To this Columbus made no immediate reply,
but, taking an egg, invited the company to make
it stand on one end. Every one attempted it,
but in vain ; whereupon he struck it upon the
table so as to break the end, and left it standing
on the broken part ; illustrating in this simple
manner that when he had once .shown the way
to the New World nothing was easier than to
follow it. — IiiviNo's Columbus, Book 5, ch. 7.
3317. GENIUS impoverished. Homer. Ho-
mer, of whose birth both the place and the era
are very uncertain, is, according to the most
probable opinion, believed to have been a native
of Ionia, and to have flourished . . . nine hundred
and seventy years before the birth of Christ.
This illustrious man, the father of poetry, was
probably a wandering min.strel, who earned his
subsistence by strolling from one city to another,
and frequenting public festivals and the tables
of the great, where his music and verses pro-
cured him a welcome reception. ... It has been
justly remarked that from the poems of Homer,
as from the fomitain of knowledge, the princi-
pal authors among the ancients have derived
useful information in almost every department —
moral, political, and scientittc — Tytleu'sHist.,
Book 2, ch. 8, p. 238.
3318. GENIUS, Late evidence of. 8ir Walter
Scott. Scott's genius flowered late. " Cadyow
Ca.stle," the first of his poems, I think, that has
indisputable genius plainly stamped on its terse
and fiery lines, was composed in 1802, when he
OEXIUS.
\s'ti.s alrciuly tliirtyoiie yonrs of iifrt". It was in
the wime y(!ur lliat lie wrote the first canto of
Lis first irrcal romance in verse, " Tlie liay of llie
Last Minstr ,"a ])oen» wlii'^lidid not appear 111!
IHOn, wlien lie was tliirty-four.— IIlttonh Likk
OF" fiCOTT, ell. 5.
a3l». GENIUS, Manifold. Knpohon L " Sin-
;;ular destiny," exclaims Thiers, after i)eriis-
injr volumes of mamiscript.s from liis jx-n, "of
thai prodij^ious man, to l)e tUvf/rcfitcut irn'ler of
his time, while lie was its (/r('((tfnt rajitaiii, its
j/irtitcMt Icginhitor, its f/vedtfut mhiiinixtrdtor." —
Ahuott's Nm'omcon H., vol. 1, ch. !JH.
ilStlO. GENIUS, Merit of. Cnminll, The
■wisest, who have been disposed to form an ojiin-
ion adverse to t'.ie great English Protector, have
confessed themselves compelled to jiaiise before
))ronoiincing ; otliers again liavc ransacked the
archives of State jiaper otHces, the heaps of dingy
family letters and scrolls, every shred of i)ai)er
bearing Oliver's name that could be brouglit to
light has been produced ; and tlu^ result is, that
110 name, jK-rhaps, in all history stands forth so
transparent and clear, so consistent throughout.
It is the most royal name in English liistory,
rivalling in its .splendor that of Elizabeth, tfie
Edwards, and tlie Henrys ; outshining tlie pro. id-
cst names of tlie Norman, tlie Plantagenet, or
the Tudor. — IIooij's Cuu.mwki.i,, ch. 1, p 30.
aaai. genius misdirected. Auduhoii the Or-
mtln)l(i(ii,ft. He engaged ... in various branch-
es of commerce, none of wliicli succeeded with
him, his mind being preoccupied by his fa-
vorite study. His friends called him "fool"
— 'ill e.\cei)ting his wife and children. At last,
irritated by the remarks of relatives and others,
he broke entirely away from tlu! pursuits of
trade, and gave him.self up wholly to natural
history. lie ran.sacked the woods, tlie lakes,
the prairies, and the shores of tlie Atlantic, spend-
ing years away from his liome and family. —
Smiles' Bkikk Biookaphieb, p. 175.
3333. GENIUS misjudged. Thomas Or ay.
[Author of the " Elegy."] I dined with Johnson
at Mr. Tlirale's. He attacked Gray, calling h'ni
"a dull fellow." Boswell : "I understand he
■was reserved, and might appear dull in company ;
l)ut surely he was not dull in poetry." Johnson :
" Sir, he was dull in company, dull in his closet,
dull everywhere. He was dull in a new way,
and that made many people think him great.
He was a mechanical poet." He then repeated
some ludicrous lines, which have escaped my
memory, and .saitl, " Is not that great, like his
Odes V ' — Boswell's Johnson, p. 241.
333JI. GENIUS, MortaUty of. Eurly Death.
Sudi reflections are forced upon us by the lives
of three great English poets of this century.
Byron died when liu was thirty-si.x, Keats when
he was twenty-five, and Shelley when he was on
the point of completing his thirtieth j-ear. Of
the three Keats enjoyed the briefest space for
the development of his extraordinary powers.
His achievement, perfect as it is in .some poetic
qualities, remains so immature and incomplete
that no conjecture can be hazarded about his
futtire. Byron lived longer, yet he was extin-
guished when his genius was still a.scendant. . . .
Shelley's early death is more to be regretted.
Vnlike Keats and Byron, he died by a mere ac-
cident. His laculties were far more complex,
and his aims were more ambitious than theirs.
He therefore needed length of years for their co-
ordination ; and if a fuller life had been allotted
him, we have the certainty that from the dis-
cords of his youtli 111' would have wrought a
clear and lucid harmony. — Sy.moM)s' Siiei.i.ev,
ch. 1.
35131. GENIUS originating, lihih, P,iH,-nl. [In-
ventor of the arithmetical calciilaling machino
and of the omnilius system, adopted liy cities.]
A kind of dub of geometers met at the Pascal
home every week, and there was continued con-
versation upon problems of geometry at tho
table in the evening. To thwart Ww awakened
curiosity of his son, the father alistained from
such conversation, locked up all the mathemati-
cal books, anil endeavored in every way to keep
the boy from so much as knowing what geom-
j'try was. These jirecautions were unavailing.
The inkling of knowledge, which the lad could
not 1ml gather in such a house, .so inllamed hi.s
desire for more, that hi- employed his leisure in
contriving a system of geometry for him.siilf,
aided onlv by a jiiece of charcoal and somo
boards, llis father, coming into his room one
day, found him so deeply absorbed in this jmr-
suit that tlu! boy heard nothing of his apjiroach,
liut continued poring over his tiiangles aiul
circles until hi! -^tas startled into consciousness
by hearing his father ask, "What are yoii
doing, my .son ?" Father and .son were equally
moved — tlu; son to be detected in devouring
forbidden fruit, the father to discover that thi.s
youth of thirteen had effected a demonstration
of the thirty-second i)roi)osition of the first
book of Euclid. Witliout even knowing tho
names of the figures, lie had advanced so far.
He called a circle a " round," and a line a " bar,"
but he understood the rudimental principles of
science. — Cyci.oi'EDi.vofBioo., p. 99.
3335. GENIUS overlooked. John Milton. Tho
neglect of the merit of Milton during his own
life is sufticiently known. Hume, in his ' ' History
of England," . . . marks the small regard that
was had for this great poet, even )iy the party
to whose service he had devoted his talents.
Whltelock, in his Memorials, talks of one Milton,
a blind man, who was employed in trandating a
treaty with Sweden into Latin ! — T ytleu's Hist. ,
Book 6, ch. 36.
3336. GENIUS, Perils of. Jonathan Smft
{Bean). In his latter years [Swift] looked .some
time on his first great work, and then, shutting
the book, exclaimed, " Good God ! what a genius
I had when I wrote that !" A G;enius indeed ;
but how fatal a possession ! What miseries of
disappointed ambition, and then what horrors
of crushed mi.santhroi)y it brought with it I —
Knight's Eno., vol. 5, ch. 28.
3337. GENIU-J, Power of. Oliver Cromwell
Cromwell was one of tho.se rare men whom even
his enemies cannot name without acknowledg-
ing his genius. The farmer of Huntingdon, ac-
cu.stomed only to niral occupations, unnoticed
until he was more than forty years old, engaged
in no higher plots than how to improve the re-
turns of his farm and fill his orchard with choice
fruit, of a sudden liecame the best officer in the
British army and the ,j-reatest statesman of hia
H: Hi
li
I!
■1'
270
OKMUS.
tixcd in tlu'ir ulTcctions, and cast the kiiiiidnm^
lime ; Hubvcrtcd tlic KrijxIiNli coiistituliori, wliicli
hud l)('<'ii llic work of (•cnliirics ; licld in lii«; own
III
ns
into II new mould. Uclitiions |)cm<', mk li as
Kni,diind till now had never seen, lluiirislied
under his calm inedialion ; jiistiei! found ils
way even amonff the remotest ilik'liland.s ol'
Scotland ; (tommerco filled the En^'lish marts
with prosju'roiis activity imderhis powerful |»ro-
feetion ; his tleets rode triumphant in the West
Indies; Nova hcotiii snhmitled to his orders
■without u Htrujr;;l(! ; the Dutch l)e,i,'ged of him
for ])eacc us for a boon ; Louis XIV. was humil-
iale<l ; thu |)ri(le of Spain was hund)le(l ; the
I'rot(!stants of Piedmont lireathed their i)rayers
in .security ; the fjlory of the Enu:lish name was
spread throuf^hout the world. — Ham iuu-'t's
U. S., vol. 2, ch. 11.
aaaw. GENIUS, Praotioal. BUi'the (Ivaif. He
resolved to^'o himself to Holland. En;;laiid, and
Italy, to acijuire a better knowledi,^' of the me-
chanic arts. He was twent'-live years of a;re—
tall, strongly built, of fresh comi)l".\i(m, ami of
very easy, familiar manners, t'louirh in his mien
an(f beariFif^ " every inch a kini^" Le Fort, his
old tutor, and now his Lord IIi,i;h Admiral,
accompanied him. The czar, on this occasion,
travelled incoijnito, passinir as a mere member
of a jjjrand embassy, which was composed of
three ambassadors (L(! Fort was one of them),
four chief .secretaries, twelve gentlemen, six
pages, one company of the imperial guards, fifty
in mniiber, and several servants — the whole cor-
tege mimberingtwo hundred and fifteen persons.
In this comi)any the c/.ar was nothing but an
attache, and was !ittended only by one valet, one
footman, and a dwarf with whom he used to
anuise himself. 1 need not dwell u]ion this
nuiinorablc journey of a year and a half ; who
does not know that the c/,ar hiborcd with his
own hands at Amsterdam as a ship cariH'iiter,
and that he travelled over half of Europe, visiting
worksho])s, factories, hospitals, and everything
that could instruct a monarch of such a country
as Russia was in 1097 V — Cyci-oi'edi.v of IJiuu.,
p. 480.
2329. GENIUS, Precocious. MlUiam Cullni
Jiri/aiit. William (Uillen, a boy of thirteen, who,
voting as he was, was already somewhat famous
m his native county as a poet. At nine he had
writtcin harmonious verses, and at ten he hail
compo.sedapoem for a school exhibition, which
■was thought good enough for publication, and
was actually published in the county j)aper.
And now this gifted boy, moved by what he
lic.vrd of the terrible erabargo, and the more
terrible Jetlerson and tlu; Democratic party,
Avrott! a poem, in tho heroic measure, entitled
"The Embargo," in Avhicli he endeavored to
exjjre.ss the feeling of New England res]iecting
tho course of the general government. The
poem was published in jiM.mphlet form, and was
so well received in the county that, a year after,
it was republished in a little thin volume. . . . The
litd was nearly fifteen years of age when this
volume of thirty-six pages saw the light. It
contained poems so extraordinary, that it was
thought necessary in the preface to print a kind
of certificate, declaring that the author was really
only a boy !— C'yci,oi'i:dia ok Biog., p. 730.
a!l.10. GENIUS, Prodigious. j\<iiml>o,t f. Na-
poleon, having thus made his arrangements for
the terrilic contlict of the ensuing day |lhe batlh*
of.Ieiiaand Aucrstadt |, retired to his tmt. about
midnight, and calmly sat down to draw up a
)ilan of study and of discipline,/"/' Madiiim Cuiii,-
jkih'h fciNiiti' KcliooL — AiuioTr's Nai'oi.kon IJ.,
vol. 1, ch. ;{.■).
2:i:tl. GENIUS, Proof of, Ihninmin Fniiildin.
The author of the first treaty maiie between the
Inited States and a foreign nation [was the
•sonj , . . of a nianiifactiireriif soap and candles ;
. . . the walls of acandleshop were too narrow for
liisasi)iring genius. At the age of twclvi' he was
apprenticed to his brother to learn the art of
])rii!ting ; but the brother beat him, and he ran
olT to New York. There he found no employ-
ment. In 17!i;i he repaired to I'hiladelphia . . .
and rose to distinction. . . . He founded the first
circulating library in America ; became a man
of science; edited Paor liicluird'x Ahixnii/r ;
originated the American I'hilnsophical Society ;
di.scovered the identity of eleclrii ily and light-
ning ; made him.self known to bolh liemi-plieres ;
esjKni.sed the cause of the jiatiiols ; and devoted
t\w unimpaired energies of his old age to per-
fecting the American liiioii. The name of
Franklin is one of thebriglilest in the hi.story of
any nation. — HiDiwrii's U. S.,eli. 41, p. 330.
2332. GENIUS, Remarkable, /'oijaiiiin Fntnk-
Un. The genius of Dr. Franklin shone witli a
l)ecidiar lustre. At ilie gay court of Louis XVI.
lu! stood as the rc])resentati\e of his country.
No nation ever hail an ambassador of greater
wisdom or .sagacity. His rei)Utation for learning
had preceded him ; the dignity of his demeanor
and the sim])lieity of his niMiiners added to his
fame. Whetlu'r as i)hiliiso](lier or diplomatist,
no man in that great city of fashion was thu
eipial of tli(^ venerable Anieiiciui j)alriot. His
wit and genial humor maile him admired ; his
talents and courtesy commanded resju'it ; his
l)atieiice and iierseverance gave him tinal suc-
cess. — Hii>i'.\Tirs Hist., ch. 41, p. 321).
2333. GENIUS, Resources in. Cwsar. Re-
source in ditliciilties is the distinction of great
generals. He had ob.served in Iw'itain that the
coast fishermen u.sed boats made out of frames
of wicker covered with skins. TIk; river banks
were fringed with A\illi)ws. There wi're hides
in abutidance on the carca.sses of the animals in
the cam]). Swiftly in these ves.sels the swollen
waters of the Segre were crossed ; the convovs
Avere j-escued. The broken bridges were rei)air-
cd. The communications of the I'ompeians were
threatened in turn, and they tried to fall back
over the Ebro ; but they left their position only
to be intercepted, and after a few feeble .strug-
irles laid down their arms. — Ficoi:ue'.s C.ksaij,
ih. 22.
2334. GENIUS, Rewards of. Dr. Morton.
[Practical us(.' of etlier was discovered by him.]
This great discovery brought ui)on the iliscover-
er, during the rest of his life, little but vexation
and bitterness. As the ])roiess coulrt not be pat-
ented, he wasted many years and many tliou-
.sands of dollars in trying to induce Con.gress to
make him a grant of i)iiblic money He did not
succeed ; and although he received considerable
sums from hospitals and medical colleges in rec-
ognition of his right, he became at last a bank-
GENU'S.
077
nipt, nnd llic HlK-rilTluld hin (.slate. ]Iin cin!!!:!!-
BtaiiccH iiflcrwartl improved, l)iil he died upon
lii.s farm in iMassachuselt.s, a tVw yearn a^'o,
u fomiiaralively poor man. — CvihorKDiA ok
15i()(i., !>. (>4^.
Si:iJI5. GENIUS, Subjects for. .Virt»„. Myh.
Keiinicot relale<l a livinjjj sayini; of Dr. .lolinsoii
to Miss Ilannaii More, wiio iiad expressed u
wonder llial tiie i)oet wiio liad written " I'ara-
(li.se Lost" should write hucIi poor sonnets;
"Milton, madam, was a fjenius tliat could e\it
11 Colossus from a rock, l)Ut could not carve
heads ujion cherry -stones. " — Uoiswki-i.'h Joh.n-
HON, J). ")•,'((.
ttStilH. GENIUS, Success by. Sm »f h'diriird
III. TIk! lilack i'rince, with an army of 12, (MK)
men, wa.s sent into France, and carried devasta-
tion iiUo the heart of the kinu'dom. John took
the held airainst him with (10, 000 men, and ad-
vanced toward Poietiers with the design of sur-
roundin^randcuttinu; liini olT at once. 'I'he mil-
itary skill (Usplayed hy the prince in the arran;;<'-
ment of his little army was admirable, lie con-
trived to give them the appearance of numbers,
while he even diminished them in reality, hy
l)lacinir a considerable body of his troops in aiu-
laiscade. The French had to march throutrh a
Line to the attack. The Hlack I'rince with one di-
vision ojijiosed them on tin; front, while his main
body, divided into two, poured down »ipon their
lengtlicned tlank. The confusion of the enemy
was completed by the troops in ambuscade, and
this immeii.se army was dispersed and cut to
l)ieces. King .John himself, with oiHM)f his .sons,
was taken. The moderation of the Prince of
Wales was (ifjual to his heixism. He treated the
captive monarch with every distinction due to
his rank ; he refused to be seated in his ])resence ;
and when he conducted liis royal pri.soner to
London amid the acclamations of the peojile,
he rode hims('lf on the left hand on a small black
l>alfrey, while .John upon the riiiht was mounted
on a horse remarkable for his beauty and rich
aceoutrements. Thus, two monarchs were at the
.same time prisoners in London — David of Scot-
land and John of France. — Tvtleii's Hist.,
Book (5, eh. 12, p. 1!)!).
2337. GENIUS, Successful. Turk. Orkhan,
the ('hief of a petty tribe of Turkish shepherds,
came to eoiKjuer without artillery that capital
of Nice, which .'iOO.OOO Latin crusaders, com-
manded by the tirst jirinces and the first captains
of Christendom, had not been able to conquer
after seven weeks' storming, with all the ap-
pliances of Europe. — LA.MAli■^•l^;l•;'^s Tlukkv,
p. 2 1.").
23;i!i(. GENIUS, Superstition of, Smnud Jnhn-
ann. It njipeared to iiiesonu! suiierstilious habit
which he had contracted early, and from which
he had never called upon his reason to disentan-
gle him. This was his anxitius care to go out or in
at a door or passage by a certain number of
steps from a certain point, or at least so a.s that
cither his right or his left foot (I am not certain
which) should constantly make the tirst actual
movement when he came do.se to the door or
pa.ssage. Thus I conjecture ; for I have, upon
innumerable occasions, ob.served him suddenly
stop, and then .seem to count his steps with a deep
earnestness ; and when he had neglected or gone
wrong in this sort of magical movement, I have
seen him go liack again, put himself in a pro|H-r
posture to begin the ceremony, and, having goin;
through it, break from his abstraction, walk
briskly on, and join his companion. — UoswKi.ii'rt
.JOU.NSON.
2330. GENIUS, Time for. Ririnil. bn the re-
vival of letters tlie youthful vigor of the iinagi-
natioii, after a long repose, national emulation,
a new religion, new languages, and a 11. w world,
called forth the genius of Europe. — liiiiiioN'a
Ko.MK, vol. 1, eh. 2, p. 72.
a3.|0. GENIUS, Timely, ham' Xnrtun. In no
other mind lu^ve the demonstrative faculty and
ihe iiuluetive faculty <'o-e.\isted in . . . supremo
c.xcelleiiceand lurfcct harmony. Perhaps in an
age of Scotisis and Thomisls even his intellect
iiiight have run to waste, as many intellects ran l()
waste which were inferior onl> to his. Ilapiiily,
the spirit of the age on which his lot was cast
gave the right direction to his mind ;and hi .iiiiid
reacted with tenfold force on the spirit of the age.
In the year KIH.") his fame, though s))leiidi,l, wa.s
only dawning ; but his genius was in the merid-
ian! — ^Macailav's E.Mi., ch. ;{, p. yHJl.
«3.| I. GENIUS, Toils of. Virnil. Seven years
the poet is said to have expended in the comjxi.si-
tionof the ttcorgics, and tin y could all be jirint-
cd in about seven columns ol an ordinary news|)a-
|)er. Tradition rei)orts that he was in the habit
of composing a few lines in the niorning, and
spending the rest of lli»^ day in polishing them.
Cami)bell used to say that if a jioet made ono
good line a week, he did very well ; but Moore
thought that if a poet tlid his duty he could get
a line done every day. Virgil seems to have ac-
c()mj)lislied about four lines a week ; but then
they have lasted eighteen liundred years, and will
last eighteen hundred years more. — Cvcuu'EDIA
UK l?i()<i., p. 1!5!).
3312. GENIUS, unappreciated. WaxJiinr/ion.
A.i). 1777. I Victorious at Hrandywine, the IJrit-
ish wwe advancing on Philadelphia. | John Ad-
ams blamed Washington without stint. . . .
" O Heaven, grantus one great soul ! Onelead-
ing mind would extricate; the best cau.se from
that ruin which seems to await it." — Baxckoft's
U. S., vol. !t. ch. 2;i
2313. GENIUS uncontrolled. EihinnxI'/hiH-e.
No man had a better heart or more thoroughly
hated oppression ; but he ])ossesse(l neither ex-
])erience in affairs nor trancpiil judgment nor the
rule over his own s|)irit, so that his genius, under
the impulseof his bewildering passions, wrought
much evil to his country and to Europe, even
while he rendered noble service to the cau.se of
(■(immercial freedom, to Ireland aiio. to America.
— IJancuokt's U. S., vol. 5, ch. l.").
2344. GENIUS, Undiscovered. Co I h v, h v h.
He api)lied himself first to the State of (jieuoa,
of which he was a subject, and humbly soliciteil
the ])ublicai(l for assistance to attempt some dis-
coveries in the western .seas. He wjis treated a.s
a visionary by his countrymen, and with the same
ill success he made application to the courts of
Portugal and of England. Hetlie'i betook him-
self to Spain, where, after fruitless soiicitation
for several years, he at length obtained [help]
from Ferdinand and Isabella. — Tytlek's Hist.,
Book 6, eh. 21, p. 305.
2;.s
OENIIS— (JKSTIcrLATloN.
ii3'l5. . Ailmiral lUakc. Siicli was
ItnluTt Hlakc, wlicii, at fifty ycarHol'ai;:!', lie wmm
••ailed forth to an ciilircly new world of work,
nn<t from a Lrcncral on tlu- ticid to tread llie(|eek
UH an admiral on the seas. Kxeellent as the .ser-
viee was whieh he had rendered as ii soldier, we
nhould scarcely have heard his name hut that he
added to all that had p)n(! before the renown of
a sailor whose name shines as an e(|ual liy th(!
Hide of Drake, Nelson, Collin^wood, and I food ;
and yet how slranije it seems that Ik- should ris('
to the rank of a llrst-rate Knf!;lish seannin after
Ids fiftieth year ' strange that he should have,
l)t'C'n equal to such victorious fi;fhts ! and yet
probably in our day \w would not have passed
(•ithor a civil or an uncivil service examination.
— Hood's ( 'ROM svi;i,i,, ch. I'J, \). 2()r).
a»l«. OENIUS, Work of. Kimmiiiomhtn. The
ancient historians hav(! ranked him amonp the
jrrcutest heroes and most illustrious characters
<)f anti((uity, ... As a p'Ueral, there needs no
other criterion of his mi^rit than to compan; \\w
fiituation in which he found his country — en-
Hlavcd, opprcissed, weak, and inconsiderable —
with that in which lu; left it — the; most formid-
able power in Greece. As ii private citizen, his
Bocifd virtues, the g(;nerosity of his disposition,
a total disre;;ard of wealth, which his hij^h em-
ployments gave him an easy opportunity of ac-
cumulating, his emin(-nt ])hiloso])hical and lit-
erary genius, and, above all, a modest simplicity
of (lenKMUior, which added lustre to iJI his mi-
mcroua accomi)lishments, were the distinguish-
ing features of his character. With liim the
glory of his countrv may be .said to have been
born and to have died ; for from the inauspi-
cious day of his death theTheban jiower van-
ished at once, and that Ho'otian republic! sunk
again into its original obscurity. — Tytleu's
Hist., Book 3, ch. !i, p. 167.
3347. . Lycnrgiis. "Heappear-
rd," says Plato, "liks a god avionfi men." He
realized and actually executed what the great-
est philosophers have scarcely dared to im-
agine : to raise men above the ]iassion of inter-
est, above pain, abeve pleasure ; to extinguish
in them the strongest propensities of nature, and
to fill their whole souls with the love of glory
and of their country. — Tytleii's Hist., Book 1,
ch. 9, p. 68.
3341. OENTILITT by Bestraint. Samuel
Johnwa. An elegant manner and easiness of hv-
liavior are acquired gradually and impercepti-
bly. No man can say, " I'll be genteel." There
are ten genteel women for one genteel man, be-
cause they are more restrained. A man with-
out some degree of restraint is insufferable ;
but we are all less restrained than women. Were
ft woman sitting in company to put out lier
legs l)efore her as most men do, we should be
tempted to kick them in. — Bos'.vei.l's Johnson,
p. 303.
3340. GENTILITY, Vicious. SnmnelJohnson.
BoswELi.: . . . The genteelest characters are often
the most immoral. Does not Lord Chesterfield
give precepts for uniting wickedness and the
graces ? A man, indeed, is not genteel wlien he
gets drunk ; but most vices may be committed
very genteelly : a man may debauch his friend's
wife genteelly ; he may cheat at cards genteelly."
HiCKY : " I do not think that is genteel." Bos-
WKM. : " Sir, it may not be like a gentleman, but
it may be genteel," .Johnson : " Vou are mean-
ing two (lilfereiit things. One means exterior
grace ; the other, honor. It is certain that ii
man may be very immoral with exterior grace.
Lovelace, in ' ( 'iarissa,' is a vcrv gentiel and a very
wicked character. Tom llervey, who died
t'other (lav, though a vicious man, was one of
the genteelest men that ever lived." Topi DavicM
instanced (liaiies 11.- -IJoswici.i.'s Joiinmo.n,
p. 345.
3390. GENTLENESS, Power of. Clinstian.
Mr. Marsh, of .Monsul, relali^- of an Armenian,
named ,I()lin, that when living at Constantinople
he was hired by jx-rsecuting Armenians to strike
a watchmaker. TIk! latter, upon receiving tho
blow, nobly prayed, "May (>oil bless you."
'I'his rennu'kable answer was etTectual : "for,"
said .lolin. in allusion to the alTair, " I coidd not
strike again, and at night I said to the monev,
' Instead of my eating you, you will eat me v'"
33»'H. . KvhihH(<1. Before his con-
venion l{ev. JIatthias ,Ioyc(! was a fearfully
wicked man. When fifteen years old he came
near munlcring the child of his master with
a pair of shears ; when nineteen he ran from
home to enlist on a man-of-war, and niado
an attempt to kill himself. He becjuue a gam-
bler, and attempted to murder a young man whom
he had led into vice ; he sank into drunkenness
which nearly causerl his death. \\v was drawn
by the crowd to hear Mr. Wesley preach, who
obtained great power over his mind by (uie of
his simjile and characteristic acts of tenderness
toward a child. He says : " What endeared him
still more to me was .scteing him stoop down
and kiss a little child that sat on the stairs of
the puljiit." For thirty years he was a jiure, de-
vout, and successful minister. — Stkvkns' Mktii-
ODIH.M, vol. 3, p. 303.
3353. GESTICULATION a Specialty. Ancient
Actors. The ancient actors used in their perform-
ance a great deal of gesticulation, which was
requisite, from the immense size of thoir thea-
tres, in order to su]ii)ly the defect of the voice.
... A violent and strongly marked gesticula-
tion M'as therefore in some degree necessary ;
and this led to a very extraordinary praciice in
the latter period of the Homaii theatre — namely,
that there were two persons employed in the
representation of one character. Livy, the his-
torian, relates tho particular incident which gave
rise to this practice. The poet Livius Andron-
icus, iii acting upon the stage in one of his own
]ila}'s, was called by the plaudits of the audience
to repeat some favorite; passages so frcipiently,
that his voice became inaudible through hoarse-
ness, and he reciuested that a boy nu'ght be al-
lowed to stand in front of the musicians and re-
cite the part, while he himself performed tho
con.sonunt gesticulation. It was remarked, says
the historian, that his action was much more free
and forcible fi-om being relieved of the hibor of
utterance ; and hence it l)ccame customary, adds
Livy, to allow this practice in monologues, or
soliloquies, and to require both voice and gest-
ure from the same actor only in the colloquial
parts. We have it on the authority of Luciau
that the same practice came to be introduced
upon the Greek stage. Formerly, says that au-
thor, the some actors both recited and gesticu-
Gll'JST— GIFTf^.
luted ; l)ut ns It wiiH tiliscrvc'l tlmt the coiillnuiil
motion, l>y ullcctin;? tlic biculliinir o, ".ho aclur,
W'UH an iinitedinu'iil tc (li.stinct roiliition, it wan
jiiil^Ci'd bettor to niaktt ono actor rccito ami
anollier j,'cMti(ulutc.— Tvn.Kii'a Hiht., liooli '2,
ch. tt, p. aou.
93A3. OHOBT, An Impro^lied. OUrrr Oohh
mnit/i. At unotluT of thcso nicclingH tlicro was
nil eurncst disputt! on tlio (jiicHiion of >rli"Hts,
fionu! lu'lnj? tiini iK-iicvcrH in tlic posHibilily of
departed spirits rctundnjj to visit tlieir friends
iiiid familiar haunts,. Ono of tiie dis|)iitants sei
sidl tlio next day for TiOn(ion, l)ut tlio vessel ])ui
hwk tlirougli stnwsof weatlier. His return was
unitnowa except to ono of tlio lielievers in >;liosis,
vlio concerted with him a trick to he played olT
on tho opposlto party. In tlio eveninjr, at a
meeting or tho stiideiits, tlic! discussion was re-
newed ; and ono of tin* most strenuous oppos-
crs of ghosts was asked whether he considered
himsolf proof against ocular demonstralioii ?
Ho porsistod la his scofHng. Homo solonin proc-
ess of conjuration was performed, and tho coin-
rado silpi^'ised to ho on Ids way toLonthm made
liis appoarance. Tho effect wius fatal. Tho un-
beliover fainted at tho sight, aiul ultimately went
mad. — Ibvino's Golixs.mitii, eh. 4, p. 81).
3354. GHOSTS, Belief in. Sdinud Jo/iiikoh.
Of Jolin Wesley, ho said : "He can talk well on
any subject." Bohwki-i- : " I'ray, sir, what has
lie mado of his story of tho ghost V" Johnson :
•' Wiij', sir, ho believes it ; but not on sulllcient
authority. Ho did not tak(Himo enough to ex-
amine tho girl. It was at Newcastle, where the
ghost was said to liavo appeared to a young
woman several times, mentioning something
al)out the right to an old house, advising ap])ll-
cation to be made to an attorney, which was done;
and at the same time saying tho attorney
Would do nothing, winch proved to be tho fact.
' Tills,' says John,' is a proof that a ghost knows
oxir thoughts.' Now (laughing) it is not neces-
sary to know our thoughts to tell that an at-
lorney will sometimes do nothing. Charles Wes-
ley, who is a more stationary man, does not be-
lieve the story. I am sorry that Jolin did not
take more pains to Inq^uire into tho evidence for
it." Miss Sewaud (with an incredulous smile) :
" What, sir ! about a ghost V" Johnson (with
Boloma vehemence): "Yes, madam; this is a
question which, after five tliousand years, is yet
undecided — a question, whether in theology or
philosophy, ono of ^ho most important that can
come before the human understanding." — Bos-
WELL'8 JOILNSON, p. 382.
9355. OHOSTS) Fear of. Tii Siiim. [When
a death occurs], after a day or two tlio coflln is
reiiioved, not through tho door, but through an
opening specially made in the wall, and is escort-
ed thrice around the house at full speed. In order
that the dead, forgetting tho way through which
he has passed, may not return to molest the liv-
ing. — General GitAiiT's Tuavels, p. 382.
3356. GIFT, A dangerous. Samuel Johnson.
Tom Hervey had a gretit liking for Johnson,
and in his will had left him a legacy of £50.
One day he said to me, " Johnson may want this
money now more than afterward. I have a
mind to give It him directly. Will you bo so
food as to carry a £50 note from me to him V"
'his I positively refused to do, us he might, per-
ha|)S, have Uikk ked me down for insultinjj Idni,
and liave at'terward put the note in his pocket.
Hut I said it' Hervey would write him a letter,
and enclos(! a 15(> note, 1 should take cure to
deliver it. — H<is\vi;i,i,'h .loiiNsuN, p. IIU.
3357. GIFT, A rejected, yo/iohon L [The
Duke of Modeiia sued lor peace. | Wlii'ii, in treaty
with the Duke of Modeiia, the CoiiiniiHsary of tliu
French army came to .NajMileoii iiikI said, "Tho
brotiier of 'the duke is jiere with i|tHOO,000 in
gold. . . . He eonies in the name of the diiko
to beg you to accept them, and 1 advise you to do
so. i'lie money belongs to you. Take It with-
out scruple." . . . " I thank you," replied Na-
poleon, coolly ; " I shall not, for that sum,
ilace myself in tho jiower of \\\v Duke of
lodena.^' The whole contribution went iiiio the
army chest.— Ainiorr's Nai-oi-kom '^.f vol. 1,
ch. 5.
335N. GIFTS of Affection. Aopolro,, T. [Af-
ter his restoration to the throne he visited tho
school he had established] at Ecoiieii for tho
orphan daughters of \\w. members of the Lei^ion
of Honor. [Ho was received with intense en-
thusiasm.] . . . OiK^ of the young ladies vent-
ured to slip a ring upon Napoleon's finger,
Kncouragetl by the sniile of the enijieror, tho
rest, rushing uixui him, seized his liands and
covered them with these i)le(lges of love and
gratitude. "Young ladies," said the C'ini)eror,
"they shall be lus ])recious tome as tlu jewels
of my crown." On retiring to his carriage h(!
exclaimed, with moistened eyes, "This is the
height of lia]ipiness ; these are the most delii:lit-
ful moments of my life 1 ' — Auuott s N ai'oleon
B., vol. 2, ch. 2(K
3359. GIFTS, Bridal, Ofrinnilia. Tho mar-
riage of Adol|)liusaiid Placidiawas consummat-
ed before the Goths retired from Italy ; and the
solemn, jierhaps the anniversary, day of their
nupti.ils was afterward celebrated In the house
of Ingenuus, one of thenio.st illustrious citizens
of Narbonno in Gaul. The bride, attired and
adorned like a Roman empress, was placed on a
throne of state ; and tho king of the Goths, who
assumed, on this occasion, tla; Roman habit,
contented himself with n less honorable seat by
her side. The nuptial gift, which, acoording to
the custom of his nation, was offered to Placidia,
consisted of the rare and magnificent sjxjils of
her country. Fifty beautiful youths, in silken
robes, curried u basin in each hand ; and one of
these basins was filled with pieces of gold, the
other with precious stones of an iuestiniabie
value. — GinitoN's Home, ch. 31.
3360. GIFTS, Fictitious. Slei/e of n„w,\ Tho
Goths were aiipreliensive of disturbing, by any
rash hostilities, the negotiation to which Beli-
sarius had craftily listened. They credulously
believed that they saw no more than the van-
guard of a fleet and army, which already covered
the Ionian Sea and tlu; plains of Campania ; and
the illusion was supported by the liuughty lan-
guage of [Belisarius] the Roman general, when
he gave audience to the ambassadors of Vitifjes,
After a .«pec;ious discourse to vindicate the jus-
tice of his cause, they declared that, for the sake
of peace, they were disposed to renounce the
possession of Sicily. ' ' The emperor is not less
generous," replied his lieutenant, with a disdain-
ful smile, "in return for a gift which you on
I!
2ft(»
(JIKTS-(J(»I).
loiifTiT |MiHS('HM ; III' pri'M'iilH you wllli an uiicii'iit
|)rovlricc of llir rliiliirr ; he rrsijriis to the OoIIih
111!' s(iv(rn\'iilv ol ilic IJiiiisli jsliinil." — (iiit-
iionV Komi:, i li. 11.
'j:i(ll. GIFTS, Rare. T> U«,,„ll),. Tli.' Kifl^*
%vlii('li 11 ricli mill Kciiiroiis iiiiiii'nii oT I'l'lojioii-
iirsiiM prcHi'iilnl to tlir |'!iii|ii'ror Itiisil, her iMio|il-
I'd .son, wri'i; iloiilitlc.Hs I'liliricnlni in llic («ri'i inn
looiiiM. |)iinii'lls lii'stovvi'il II I'lirpi'l of (liK'Uooi,
of a ituMi'i'ii wliicli iinitiiii'il ihi' xpols ol a jn'ii-
«'oi'k ^ tiiil, of a inai;nitii(l(' to oviispirad llii'
lloor of a new {■liiinli, rici led in tlii' Iriplf naiiu'
of ('llri'^t, of Mirliai'i tlii' tiiiliMnui'l, ami of llii'
])ropliil ICIijali. Siic pivc six liiiiidird i)ii'('c,s of
hilk and linen, id' various iisr and dcnoniinalion ;
till' siliv wan painli'd svitii Ilir TMiaii dye, and
ndoi'iird hy tint laiiors of llir nccdlr ; and liii'
lint'ii was.so cMinisili'ly tliif, llial an niliri' pine
niij,dit Itc rolled in llie hollow of a iiine. — (Jiii-
JKI.NW Uo.MK, ell. 5:1.
*ik':f^iA'i. OLOEY departed. n,>ilii,iii,si\ In tlie
court of a I'oiliiLriiese kin^- llieeonipasH wa.s tlrst
Kcriously studied, 'riiere, too, were construeled
llic tir>t tallies of tlie sun's declinations, for sail-
ors' use ; and there wa." lirst disclosed the modern
mode of takin;; ohsei vations id' the sun. \\y
I'ortuu'uesc naviiiiitors the islands lyinj; oil'
(he .\frican coast — the A/ores, .Madeiras, Cape
\'erdes, and others — were, discovered. l'o>-tu-
giiese sailors first ventured down alonj; the coasl
of Africa ; lirst visiti'd Ihc ne;;ro in his native
home ; first saw the elephant ; IIinI l)rou<;lit to
]Ourope pepper, ivory, and pild dust, from Ihe
hhorcs (d' (Juinca ; lirst, planted the cro.ss ujion
those distant coasts ; first saw that remoter head-
land which was afterward named the Cape of
(jood Hope ; lirst douhled the cape, and so
reached liy sea the East Indies. 'J'hcsc were
jrreat .'ichievcmenls, second in importanco only
to Ihe discovery id' a new continent, and surpass-
in<r even that in dllUculty and dani;er. — Cyci.o-
I'KDI.V OK UlUd., J). "JHIJ.
a3«!l. GLORY, Enduring. (!on(Ji„'xi>. ( .V.iresi-
laus. till- r..aceda'monian kiii<r| miirht have led
'I'iirranes, Kinir of Armenia, captive at the wheels
of his chariot ; he rather chose to make him aii
idly ; on w liich occasion he ni.ide use of that
memoralik; cxiire.ssion, " I jirid'er Ihc ^iory that
Avill last forever to that of aihiy." — Pi.UT.vucu.
aJl« I. GLORY, False. FAlmivdUT. Tlierei,i;n
of IMwaril 111., which was of fifty-one years'
duratiot;, is, on the whole, certainly one of the
most ulorious in the annals of JOnirland ; nor
is it alone the splendor of his foreign victo-
ries which hasconfriliufed to render the memory
of this kinji threat and illustrious. His foreign
wars, thouirli most eminently successful, were
neither founded in justice nor productive of any
substantial benefit to tho nation. JJut Englanil
in his time enjoyed domestic tran(|uillity. His
nobles were overawed by Ihe spirit and valo'- of
their sov(3reij,'n, and his peo])le attached to him
on account of his acts of niunilicence and his
salutary hiws. — Tvti.kk's Hist., iJook 0, ch. VI.
2;t65. GLORY forgotten. Piirmnuh. Of the
purpose for which tho.se obelisks were reared we
can only form conjectures, as the ancient writers
give us no information. It has been supposed
that they were intended to serve as pnonions for
ustrononucal purposes, or 1o determine the length
of the .solar year by Ihc meiiMiirc of the incridinn
sliiido>\s; fiiit their siiiialion upon luieveii
^'roiind, and the number of them, someliincg
three or four erected in the .same place, ^ive tio
countenance to that Idea ; . . . was orobablv to
commemorate or record either public events in
the hislory of the nation, or to be rei^isters of
the .season as alTccled by the perindical inuiida-
tionsiif the .Nile. . . . Iliil neither the ane nor the
biiilderH of those slriietiiies are known will
di'nr d' certainly ; a Just reward, as I'liiiy
any
well
vanity of siu h undertakings. — ■
1
mitv
{• )l IK
I, ch. •», p. :tH.
remarks, of the
'I'vTi.iiii'rt Hist
ii:i4tO. GLORY to God only, ('r»mir,ll. |('rom
well, in announcini; the victory at the battle of
Naseby to Ihe S|)eakcr id' the House of ( 'om-
inoiis, "added ;| ".Sir, this is none other but the
hand of (ioil, and to Him alone <;ive the glory,
wherein noneare tohhaie with Him." — Kniuiit's
Emi., vol. 4, ch. :t, p. -fJ.
'j:i«7. GLORY, Military. 'I'nij'iii. Trajan wmh
ambitious of fame ; and as long as inankind
shall continue to bestow more liberal a|)plaiisi>
on their destroyers than on their benefactors, the
lliirsi of military glory will ever be the vice of
the most c.valled characters. The praises of
Alexander, Iraiismilted by a succession of poets
and historians, had kindl' d a dangerous cmiila-
lion in the mind of Trajan. Like him, the
liomaii emperor undertook an expedition against
the nations of the East ; but he iMmenled with a,
siuh that his advanced age .scare, y left him any
hopes (d' ci|ualling the renown of the son of
I'hilip. ^'et the success of Trajan, however
transient, was rapid and speciou.s — Gmno.N'H
HoMK, ch. 1.
il!t((M. GOD, Conception of. Aimricnii TiKlidiii*.
The (lOil of the savage was what the ineta-
jiliysician endeavors to express by the word xnh-
stdiirt'. TIk! red man, unaccustomed to gencrali/.a-
lion, obtained noconeeption of an absolute sub-
stance, of a. self-existent being, but saw a divinity
in every power. Wherever there was being, mo-
tion, or action, there to him was asjiirit. . . .
When he feels his jiulse throb or his heart lieat he
knows that it is a spirit. . . . Faith in t\w Great
Siiirit . . . infused itself into the heart of the re-
motest tribes. — B.nnckokt'h U. S., vol. il, ch. 22.
mmO. . (Inieral La llir,: [.Joan of
Arc found rough soldiers in the army of Charles
VII. I These lirigands, it is true, hit n]ion
strange means of reconciling religion and rob-
bery. One of them, the (Jascoii La Hire, gave
vent to th'^ original remark ; " Were (}o(l to
turn man-at-arms. He would be a ]ilundcrer ;"
and w hen he went on a foray, he olTcrcd uji his
little (}ascon ]>raycr without entering too mi-
nutely into his wants, conceiving that Ood would
take a hint : " Sire (Jod, I jiray thee Ut do for Lii
Hire what La Hire would do for thee werl thou
a captain and wert La Hire (Jod." — ..Miciii;-
],i:t's.Io.\n ok Aitc, p. 12.
iiSrO. GOD, Existence of . AtluiKfs. [During
the Heigii of Terror the French were declared
to be a nation of atheists by the National As-
send)ly ; but a brief experience convinced them
that a nation of atheists could not long exist,
liobcspierre then] proclaimed in the Convention
that belief in the existence of a God was neces-
.sary to those princijilcs of virtue and morality
OOIV
281
u|Min wliii'li tli)< n'pul)li(' wiiN foiinilod ; and on
llui Ttli of May llic iiallDiml icprcsrmallvrM, wlm
hud w) liili'lv prostnilt'd IlH'iiiwIvfM licforn the
(JdddcsN of Itnt.Moti, viili'd l)y uccliuiuUinn tliitt
" lli(t Fmit'li pt'dplc a('kii(i\vl('dK>' tlx' ixlHttiui'
of till) Siipri'iiH' li*'ii'<, and the iiitiiKirtallty of
Ihc Hoii'."— Sti iiKNiM FiiANci;, cli. 'il, ^ (I.
!|:|TI. OOD our Tather. h'l/i/iiUiiiiK. Alcxaii
dcr lilt! (in-alwciil io linir I'sanuiiu, an K^vp-
tian ]>liili.H(ip|icr ; an*! tlm Haying of Ids llial
plca.s('d liini most, was llial all nxii ant ^uv-
«Tncd hy (}(id, for in cviTylliin^' llii-' which
rules or ^ovi-rus Is divim-. Hiil Alexander's
own maxim was more a^^reealilo to sound phi-
losophy ; III said : "Ood is llie ronimon Father
of men, Iml more parlieulurly of the jj^iiod and
the virtuous. "--I'l.irrAiirnH Ai.kxandki'
anr'J. OOD, Flfit for. Thomaii M<>ri\ Youni,'
as he waM. More no Hooner ipdtled the univer-
sity than ill) was known throu^dioiit Hurope as
one of tlie foremost (ij^ures in the new move-
.iieut. ... In a hi^^her, beeause in a sweeter
nnd more jovalile form than Colet, More iHtlii'
repre.sinliitive of the reli;;ious tendency of llu'
new Icariiinjj of Hnj^land. The youiij? law
Htudent who lau>;hed at the superstition and
asceticism of the monks of Ids day wore a hair
slilrt next his skin, and schooled hfmself by i)en
ances fur tiie cell he desired amon;j llie Carthu-
sians. It wan characteristic, of tlie man that
ainonj; all the piy, j)rotli^nile scholars of the
Italian Uenaissance, he chose as the ol)jcct of
his admiration the disciple of Savon. »rola. IMco
df Mirandola. Free thinker as the bi;,'ots who
listened to his darin;; speculations termed him,
his eye would brii^hleii and his ton^fue falter as
he spoke with friends of heaven and the after-
life. AVlicn he look ofllce, it was \ -'th the open
stipidation, " First to look to God, i i • after God
to the kini;."— Hist, ok Knu. l'i:oi i.i;, JJ T)!!).
3373. OOD, Ideas of. P/iilosopfws. Of tlu^
four n\ost celebrated schools, the Stoics and the
IMatonists endeavored to reconcile the jarring in-
terests of reason and piety. They have left us the
most sublime proofs of the e.xistenci! and perfec-
tions of tlie first cause ; but as ii was impo.ssible
for them to conceive tlie creation of mat*- r, tlie
•workman in the Stoic philo.soiihy was not sii'll-
cieiul" distin^uislied from the work ; while, on
the contrary, the sjiiritual God of I'luto and his
disciples resembled an idea rather than a sub-
stance. — GiiiiioN'8 Ho.Mi;, cli. 2.
S37.I. OOD, Ignorance of. Sif/e. [Zayd, one
of the s.'iijes of Alecca, j broke ojienly w ith the re-
liji^on of his country ; lie blasphemed heroically
lhe,u;o(ls(if the Khoreisliitcs ; he wished to travel
into foreinn lands and to take counsel of their
sap's. His family caused him to be kepi by force
at IVIecca, closely watched by his wife Saphyil.
He si<;lied under the constraint he was thus sub-
iecteil to. He was sometimes overheard, with his
back airainst the wall of the temi)le, to .say with
liitterness to the unknown (tod who was ajLjitat-
ing liis conscience : " Lord, if I only knew how
thou wouldst be .served and adored, I would obey
thy will ; but I am in i;;norance. " . . . He theli
pro.strated his face apiinst the ground and moist-
ened the placo with his teats. — Lamautine's
TUUKEY, p. 00.
3375. GOD inviiible. Rcmiled. [The Ishma-
clite Arabs have a tradition, which says Abra-
ham was coneealiil in a cavki when an infant,
iH'cause of the persecution of Niiiirod. Tliere hi)
wasl nurncd b., the angels, grew in strength ".:id
intellect in his cavern. His ilrst egression from
it was by night. The tlrmament of Clialdea,
tilled witli luminous creatures that lioated In tliit
ether, revealed to him (Joil. Only lu^ was not
yet able to dlstiiiguish Him from Ills works. A
star resplendent beyond the otliers first arrested
hlsda/./.lcd eyes; "There is my God !"i'.\clalm
I'd he to himself. I'rcseiitly liie star descended
and disappeared in the hori/.on. " No," said he,
"that cannot be the God whom I adore." So
with .several other constellations. Afterward tliti
moon arose' ; " There is my God," cried he.
And it .set. " No, it is not my (Jod." In fine,
the sun arose majestically in the Fast, at the bor
der of the forest. " Here, truly, is my God,"
said he; "it is large and ila/,/.llng beyond all
others." The sun acconiplished his career, and
went down in the liori/.on, leaving the mantle of
night imon the earth. " That is not still the Giul
I look tor to adore," muttered pensively the in-
fant destined foi' the adoration of the divinity in-
visible, immovable, and eternal. He returned to
his cavern to seek his (Jod in his own sold. —
LAMAIiriNK'K Tt'llKKY, p. 41.
337«. OOD, A political. Knxl TniUon. The re-
ligion and government of Thibet form one of the
most exiraordinary phenomena in the history of
mankind. 'I'he kingdom of Thibet is governed
by a young man personating a living god, who
is called tlie Great Lama, or l)alai Lama He re-
sides in a (lagoda or temple uiion a Tiioiiiilaln,
wherc^ he is seen continually sitting in a cross-
legged posture, wilhout iipeakingor moving, ex-
cejit .sometimes lifting his hand, when he ap-
jiroves of tlie addre.s.Hcs of his votaries. He ap-
iicarH (■) be a young man of a I'air com[)lex' mi,
between twenty and thirty years of age. Tiot
only tlie people of Thibet, but the neighboring
jirinees, resort to the shrine of the lama, and
bring thither the most inagnitlcent jire.sents. Tl. ,
lama is both the national god and the sovereign.
He ap])oiiits deputies under him, the cliie: of
whom is called the Tipa, who manages the tem-
poral alTairsof the kingdom, which it isbeneatli
the dignity of the lama ever to attend to. The
creation of this |)rince or god is kept a most,
mysterious secret by the jiriests. VViien it istlio
niisforlune of this ])oor image of divinity and
sovereignty to fall sick, or to losi^ his youthful
a|)peirance, he is jnit to death by the jiriests,
who have alsvays another youiif, man whom they
have privately educated and iiroiti'rly trained ti>
supply his ])lace. Thus the religion of the lama
is nothing else than an artful contrivanco of
the Jiriests of Thibet to engross to themselves
the sovereignty and absolute government of
the country. — 'rYTi.Kii's Hist., Book 0, cli. ^'6,
J). ;{:i:i.
!2377. OOD, Presence of. Mahmni't. Three
days .Mahoincland [AiiJ hiscomjianion worecoii-
cealed in the cave of Thor, at tlie distance of a
league from Mecca ; and in the do.se of each even-
ing they received from the son and daughter of
Altubeker a secret supply of intelligence and
food. The diligence of the Koreish exjdored
every haunt iu the neigh' orhood of the city ; they
arrived at the entrance of tlie cavern ; but the
providential deceit of a spider's web and a
!)
2S'<
GOD— GODS.
pip( oil's nest is< supposftl to convinre ti.i'm that
tlic place was solitury and inviolatf. " \\v nro
o..ly t',.-o," Haul the fr"ml)lingAl)iiJ)ckcr '■ There
is a t.inl," "-epiied the proi)liet ; " it is God him-
self." Nosooiier was (!>'■ pursuit abated thiui the
two fugitives issu"d from tlie rock and mount-
ed the'rer.nels. — Giijuon's Komi:, eh. 50.
33r§. . Huron Ohi<'<' [Breba'uf,
the Jesuit mi.i.iiona'-y, visited the luu )ns.] He-
fore you eanie to this eountrv (the great warrior
Aha.sistari) . . . would .say, When I have incur-
red tlie greatest jicrils, and have alone eseaj)ed,
I have .said to myself, " Some jxjwerful spirit has
the guardianship of my <lays ;" and he professed
liis belief i:i Jesus as the good gennis and pro-
tector whom lie >'.,id iincousciuusly adored. —
Banchokt's U. S., vol. 8, ch. 20.
3»70. GOD required. The S'r.tl. [Timour the
Tartar desired a universal eonipust, .sayin;r the
earth was too small for more than one master.]
" It is too small c satisfy the ambition of a great
soul." " The ambition of a great soul," said one;
day to him the Sliftik of Samarcand, " is not to
be .satisfied by the jDssession of a morsel of earth
added to another, but by llic possession of God,
alone sulHeiently great to till up an inflnite
thought." — La.m.\iitine'8 Tuhkkv, p. 310.
2:)!60. OOD, Severity of. Sfandinavians. Odin
. . . was their j)rincipal divinity ; ... to him
they attributed every character that could in-
spire fear and horror, without any mixture of the
amiable or merciful. He is called in the Edda
the terrible and severe God, die father of car-
nage, the avenger, the deity who marks out tho.se
who are destined to be slam. This terrible God
was held i > be the creator and father of the uni-
verse. — T\ n.Eii'sliisT., Book 5, ch, 6.
2381. OOD, Son8of. ClirinUam. How decisive
a proof is this of Croniwe'I's genius, this enlisting
the reiigious enthusiasm of the country on the
side of the Parliament ; thus fronting the idea of
lofty birth with Divine ancestry -loyalty to the
king with loyalty to God — imnionse possessions
with heirship to a Divine inheritance — and obe-
dience to the laws and prerogative of the mon-
arcli with obedience to those truths engraven
on the " tables of .stone," but Avrittcn by the
D.'vine Spirit on " the fleshly table of the heart,"
in the heroism of di.sciplineand faith and prayer.
— Hood's Ckomwell, ch. 6, p. 100.
23S2. GOD, Views of. Comforting. On one
occasion he reouiied a Saxon peasant to repeat
the Creed. He began, "I believe in God the
Father Almighty," when Luther .stopped him
and asked, " Wli.it is Almighty ?" The peasant
replied, " I do not know." "You arc right, my
dear fellow," responded Luther ; " neither I nor
all the learned men can tell v.hat God's power
and might is. But do you continue to believe in
all simplicity that God is )'o\ir beloved and faith-
ful Father, who as the Only Wise can and will
help your wife <md children in every hour of
need." — Rein's Luthek, ch. 16, p. 149.
J<3§'1I. GOD, Vision of, American Indians.
On approaching maturity, the j'oung Chippewa,
anxious to behold God, blackens his face with
charcoal, and building a lodge of cedar boughs,
it may Ls on the summit of a hill, there begins his
f.'ist in solitude. The fa.st endures, perhaps, ten
days, sometimes even without water, till, excited
by the severest irritation of thirst, watchfulness,
and famine, he beholds the vision of Gon, and
knows it to be his truardian spiiii. — Hanckoft's
U. H., vol.3, ch. 22.
33§4. GOD, Voice of. Joan of Arc. Her own
words describe them best. " At the age of thir-
teen a voice from God came to her to help he?
in ruling herself, and that the voice came to hef
about the hour of noon, in summer time, wliilo
she was in her father's garden. And she had fa.st-
ed the day before. And .she heard the voice on
her right, in the direction of the church ; and
when she heard the voice, she saw also a bright
light." Afterward St. JSlichael and St. ISIargaret
ai:d St. Catharine aj-jieared to her. They were
always in a halo of glory ; she could see that
their heads were crowned with jewels ; and .she
heard their voices, which were sweet and mild.
She did not di.stingui.sh their arms or limbs. Sho
heard them more freciuently than she saw them ;
and the usual time when she heard them waa
wl>en the ."hurcli bells were .sounding for prayer.
— Decisive Battj.es, § 373.
23S5. GOD, "Win of. CniKaderH. From tha
synod of Plaeentia, the rumor of his great design
had gone forth among the nations ; the clergy on
their return had preached in every dioce.se tlio
merit and glory of the deliverance of the Holy
Land ; and when the pope ascended a lofty
.scaflfold in the market-place of Clermont, his elo-
quence was ad(hes.sed to a well-prepared and im-
patient audience. His topics were obvious, liia
exhortaHon was vehemem, )'■■ success inevitable.
The orator was interruptec' .he shout of thou-
•sands, who with oiu^ voici nd in their rustic
idiom, exclaimed aloud, " God wills it, God
wills it." " It is indeed the will of God." replied
the pope ; " and let this memorable word, the in-
spiration .surely of the Holy Spirit, be forever
adopted as your cry of battle, to animate the de-
votion and courage of the champions of Christ.
His cross is the .symbol of your salvation ; wear
it, a red, a bloody cross, as an external mark, on
your breasts or shoulders, as a pledge of your sa-
cred and irrevocable engagement." The proposal
was joyfully accepted ; great numbers, both of
the clergy and laity, impie.s.sed on their garments
the sign of the cross, and .solicited the pope to
march at their head. — Gibbon's Rome, ch. 5&,
p. .543.
33S6. GODS, Dercent from. Spuriov.i. Thero
was a woman in Pontiis who gave it out that she
was pregnant by Ai)ollo. . . . When she was deliv-
ered of a .sun . . . gave him the name of Silenus.
Lysander took this miraculous birth for a foun-
dation, and raised all his building upon it. He
made choice of such a.s.sistants as might bring
the story into reputation, and ]iut it beyond sus-
picion. Then he got another story projiagated at
Delphi and sjircad at Sparia, that certain an-
cient or.'icles were ke])t in the private registers
of the priests, Avhicli it was not lawful to touch
or to look upon, until in some future age a per-
son should arise who could clearly prove him-
self the son of Apollo, and he was to interpret,
and publish those oracles. The w.y thiLS pre-
pared, Silenus was to make his appearance, as
the son of Apollo, and demand the oracles. The
priests, who were in combination, were to in-
(juire into every article, and examine him strictly
as to bis birth. At last they were to pretend to
GODS— GOODNESS.
•.'S3
bo convinced of his divine pnrenfajre, and to
sliow him tiie hooks. Silenus tlu'ii wuh to read
in public all thoHc projilu'cies, particulii. ly that
for which thu whole design was set on toot —
namely, that it woulil be more for tiie lionor
and interest of Sparta to set aside the present
race of Itini^s, and choose others out (-f tlie best
and most worthy of men in the commonwealth.
But when Silenus was grown uji, and came to
undertidte his part, Lysarnler liad the mortitica-
tion to see his piece nuscarry by tlit; cowardice
of one of the actors, whoso heart failed 1dm just
as the thing was going to be put in execution.
However, nothing of tliis was discovered while
Lysander lived. — Phitaucii's Lys.vndek.
aSir. GODS, Great. Peritudsion— Force. [The-
mistocles said to t!io Adrians when he wished
i>, exhort money fi;om them :] lie brought two
fods along with him — PcrsiKtuiuii and Force.
'hey replied Ihey had also two great gods on
their side — Poverfi/ and Dexptiir, who forbade
♦hem to satisfy him. — Plutauch's Tiik.misto-
CLE8.
S3§§. GOLD, Craze for. Emifirantt to JdineH-
town. [Second lot of emigrants.] The new-
comers were chiefly vagabond gentlemen and
goldsmiths, who, in spile of the remonstrances
of Smith, . . . believed they had discovered
grains of gold in a glittering earth. . . . "There
was now no talk, no hope, no work, but to dig
gold, wash gold, refine gold. " Newport, the com-
mander, . . . believed himself immeasurably
rich, as he embarked for England vvith a freight
of worthless earth. — Ban'ckokt's Hist, ok U. S.,
ch. 4.
33§9. GOLD, Delusion of. Londoners. One
of Frobisher's ships . . . proceeded to the north-
west [seeking a passage to India nortli of Hud-
son's Strait] , . . .he came upon an island winch
he supposed to i)e the mainland of Asia ; to this
lio gave the name Meta Incognita. N(n-th of this
island he entered the [Frobisher's] Strait, . . .
carryin<f liome with him ... a stone which was
declared by the English refiners to contain gold.
London wa.s greatly excited. Queen Elizabeth
herself added a vessel to the new fleet winch in
. . . LIT? depn-ted for Meta Incognita to gather
the precious mt*al by the shipload. . . . The
summer was unfavorable. [The ships returned
empty after pa.ssing great perils.] Were the
English gold-liunters satisfied ? Not at all. Fif-
teen new ves.sels were immediately fitted out.
... In 1578 . . . the third voyage was begun.
This time a colony was to be ph'.nted in the gold-
regions, . . . twelve of the ships were to be
freighted with gold-ore and return to London.
. . . They encountered icebergs more terril)le
than over. The vessels finally reached ^leta In-
cognita and took on cargoes of dirt. . . . The
provision ship now slipped away and returned
to London. . . . The colony which was to be
planted was no longer thought of. Faith in the
shining earth which they had stored in tlie holds
gave way, and so, with . . . several tons of the
spurious ore, . . . the .:hips set sail for home.
The El Dorado of the Esquimaux had proved an
utter failure. — Ridpatii's U. S., ch. 6, p. 80.
3390. . Spaniards. In the vear
1526 Charles V. appointed the unprincipled J^an-
filo do Narvaez governor of Florida, . . . with
the usual privilege of conquest. . . . His force
consisted of 2fl() soldiers and forty horsemen.
The natives treated them with su,si)i(i(i:i, and,
an.xious to be rid of the infriiders, began to hold
\ip their trinkets and tf» pcint to tlie norlii. Tho
hint was eagerly taken by the avaricious Span-
iards. , . . They struck boldly into the forests,
expecting to find cities and empires, and foun(l
instead swamps and .savages. ... A squalid
village of forty cabins . . . wasthemighty city to
which their guides had directed them. . .' . They
reached tlu! sea at the harbovof St. ^Mark's. . . .
With great labor they constructed lirigantines,
and put to sea in flu; vtin hope of reaching IIk;
Si)anish .settlements in Mexico. . . . They wen;
thrown upon the shore, drowned, slain by tlas
savages, , . . until finally four miseralile men,
of all the adventurous c()mi)any, . . . were rescued
at . . . San Miguel on the Pacific coast. . . . The
story can hardly be paralleled in the annals of
sutlcring and peril. — Uidi'atu's L'. S., ch. 4,
p. (j;i
2301. GOLD vs. Labor, llernnmlo forte-.
Being then nineteen, he; took passage in a mer-
chant vessel, and after a most fenqiestuous ])as-
sage reached the island of IIis]iain(ila, then tin;
.seat of Spanish power in America. He was at
tliat timea very handsome young man, graceful,
.self-confident, a superior swordsman and horse-
man, and highly accomplished in all warlike
exercises. On leaving the shii) he went at once
to the house (if the governor, a friend of his
family. The governor l)eing absent upon an ex-
pediffon, his .secretary received L'orlez with jio-
litene.ss, and, by way of encouraging a new-
comer, a.s.sured I'lim tlnit the governor, upon his
return, would doubtless allot to him a liberal
tract of land. " Land !" said Cortez, " I come
to find gold, not to plough the ground like a
peasant." — C'vclopedia of Bioci., p. 318.
3393. GOLD, Euined by. John A. Sutter.
[The discoverer of gold in California.] People
often .saj what they would do if thej'sliould find
a gold mine, evidently .supposing that a man who
finds a gold mine is made rich of course. But
this, it appears, is not always the case. Neither
the man who discovered gold in California nor
the man upon who.se land it was discovered have
been benefited by it. On the contrar}', the dis-
covery ruined them both, and both arc to-day
poor men. — Cyclopedia of Biog., p. 533.
3393. GOOD, Doing. Daily. [Alexander the
Great found in Persia] philosophers, [who were]
so called from their going naked. [They] were
divided into two sects — the Brachmani and the
Germani. The Brachmani were most esteemed
becau.se there was a consistency in their princi-
ples. Apuleius tells us that not oidj' the schol-
ars but the yoimger pupils were assend)led
about dinner time, and exanuned wliat good they
had done that day ; and such as loi d not point
out some act of humanity or useful i)ursuit that
they had been engaged in were not allowed
any dinner. — Pluiwhcii's Alexanueu, L.vng-
iioune's Note.
3394. GOODNESS, False. Charilam. [The
Grecian] was so remarkable for the gentleness of
his disposition, that Archelaus, his partner in
the throne, is reported to have said to some that
were praising the J'oung king: "Yes, Charilaus
is a good man to be sure, who cannot find in hia
H
284
GOODNESS— 00 VEHNMEXT.
heart to punish the bad."— Plutauch's Lycuk-
Gua.
3305. GOODNESS, Greatness of. Pcnekfi.
When he was at the point of (hialh his survivintj
friends and the ))rincipal citizens sitting altoiit
liis bed discoursed toj,a'ther concerning his ex-
tniordinary virtue and tlie great authority lie
hud enjoyed, and euunieratetl his various ex-
ploits and the number of his victories ; for
while he wiis eoniinander-in-chief he had erected
no less than nine trojjhies to tlie honor of Athens.
These things they talked of, su])p()sing that he
attended not to what they said, but that his senses
were gone, lie took notice, however, of every
word they h;id spoken, an<l thereupon delivered
himself audiblv as follows: "I am surprised,
that while you dwell upon and extol these acts
of mine, though fortune had her share in them,
and many other generals have performed the
like, you tak( no notice of the greatest and most
lionorable part of my character, that no Athe-
nian, thrdui/h niji viidiis, ever put on mournihy."
— Pli'taucii's Pkkici.ks.
3300. . r u rita n s. Those who
hated tiie Commonwealth acknowledgetl that
England never stood higher than when she de-
manded justice for a few poor cultivators of the
Alps — those who had kept the truth
"When all oiu' fathers worshipped .storks and
stones."
[Cromwell, by envoy extraordinary, had remon-
strated against the cruelties to the Vaudois. By
his firmness and earnestness h(^ secured to them
their ancient liberties.] — IvNUiiiT'sENU., vol. 4,
ch. 18, ]). 198.
2397. GCODNESS, Terrified by. Henri/ III.
[In July of 1201 Henry III.] was at Westmin-
ster ; and being in his jjleasure barge on the
Thames a thuntler-storm came on, at which he
was alarmed, and lauded in the garden of the
Bishop of Durham. De Montfort was in the
paliu^e of the bishf)p, and went forward to meet
the king. ' ' What do you fear, sir ?" said the
earl; " the storm has pas.sed over." The king
replied, "I fear thunder and lightning beyond
measure ; but by God's head ! I fear you more
than all the thunder and lightningin tlieworld."
[The earl was a patriot and the foremost man
of his times.] — Kmgut's ENii., vol. 1, ch. 24,
p. '612.
239S. GOSPEL, Heavenly, f'^ailm: [John Tun-
nell, one of the early Methodist preachers of
that churcli in America, was so pale he resem-
bled- a (lead man ; but his voice was strong
and musical, and his style was eUxjuent. A sailor
Avas one day passing where he was preaching.
lie stopped to listen, and was observed to be
much art'eeted. Afterward meeting with his
companions, he .said :] " I have been listening to
a man who has been dead, and in heaven ; but
he has returned, and is telling the j)eople all
about that world." — Stevens' M. E. Ciiuucii,
vol. 2, ch. 6, p. 88.
2399. GOSPEL, Triumph of. Pafjnnism. "he
ruin of ])agani.sm, in the age of Theodosi . is
perhaps the only example of the total e.\..ipa-
tion of any ancient and popular superstition ;
and may therefore daserve to be considered as a
singular event in the history of the human
mind. — Gibbon's Rome, ch. 28, p. 131.
2400. GOSSIP, Serviceable. Omar. [One of
Mahomet's converts, named] Omar, wishing to
let his conversion transpire among the Khonv
ishites withoutavowingit himself, went, on leav-
ing the meeting, to the house of a Khoreishite
notorious as a newsmonger and for his impolencu
to kee]) a .secret. " Listen, ".said he to him, "but
do not betray me ; I have just made a .secret i)ro-
fessiou of f'dth to Islamism." The newsnu)nger
runs immediately to the v stibule of the Kuaba,
the habitual resort of theidlersof Mecca, crying
aloud that Omar had apostati/.ed the idols, and
was become perverted like the others. "Thou
liest," .said (Jmar to him, coming up behind
him ; " I a. II not perverted, lam converted, lam
a jMussuIman, I make confession that there are
no other gods but the only God, and that Ma-
homet is the levealer of that God." — Lamah-
tine's Tuukev, p. DO.
2401. GOVEENMENT, Arbitrary. British.
The most general cause of tl'C American Revolu-
tion was the right of arlatrary government,
claimed by Great Britain and denied by the colo-
nies. So long as this claim was asserU.'d by Eng-
land only as a theory, the conflict was post-
l)()ned ; when the English Government began to
enforce the priiu;ii)le in practice, the colonies re-
sisted. . . . There were also many subordinate
causes tending to Mring on a eoullict. — Riu-
I'ATii's U. S.,'cli. 37, p. 285.
2402. GOVEENMENT, Art of. Diocletian.
Nor were the vices of Maximian less useful to his
benefactor. In.sensible to pity, and fearless of
con.se(iucnces, he was the ready instrument of
every act of cruelty which tiie policy of that art-
ful prince might at once suggest and disclaim.
As soon as a bloody sacrifice had been offered to
prudence or to revenge, Diocletian, by his season-
able intercession, .saved the remaining few whom
he had never designed to punish, gently censured
the severity of his stern colleague, and enjoyed
the comparison of a golden and an iron age, which
was universal'iy appliwl to their opposite maxims
of government. Notwithstanding the difference
of their characiers, the two emperors maintained,
on the throne, that friendship which they liacl
contracted in a private station. The liaughty,
turbulent spirit of Maximian, so fatal after-
ward to himself and to the public peace, was
accustomed to resi)ect the genius of Diocletian,
and confessetltlie ascendancy of reason over bru-
tal violence. — Gibbon's Home, ch. I'd, p. 405.
2403. GOVEENMENT, Atrocious. Jieifjn of
Jtime^ II. A. D. 1685. The hi.story of our co'io
nization is the history of the crimes of Europe.
Thus did Jeffreys contriljute [by condemning to
transportation and side df convicts] to people
the New Wor'd. . . . Kidnapping had become
common in Bristol ; and not felons onl}', but
young pei"sons and others, were hurried across
the Atlantic and sold for money. At Bristol the
mayor and the justices would intimidate small
rogues and pilferers, who, under the terror of
being hanged, prayed for transportation as the
only means of safety, and were then divided
among the members of the court [who sold
them]. The trade wius exceedingly profitable —
far more so than the slave-trade — and had been
conducted for years. — Banckoft's U. 8., ch. 14.
2404. GOVEENMENT, Coerced. Charks 7.
There was yet one last expedient which, as th«
GOVERNMENT.
286
king lliitUTcd himself, niif,'lit sjive liim from the
iniHery of fiiriii^f anotlicr Mouse of Commons.
. . . Departing •'rom the iniintcrruiitcdpriiclice
of centuries, he called ii great council consisting
of peers ulone. IJut the lords were too prudent
to a.sstime the unconstitutional f\in('tionH with
which he wished to invest them. Without money,
■without credit, without authority even in his
own camp, he yielded to the pressure of neces-
sity. Th(^ houses were convoked, and the elec-
tions provtul tliat, since the spring, the distrust
and hatred with which the government was re-
garded had made fearful progress. — 3I.vc.\.u-
LAYK Eno., ch. 1, p. H!>.
9405. OOVEENMENT, Complex. Holland.
t William of Orange meciitated an invasion of
England.] It seemed very dotil)tful whether he
would he able to obtain thenssistancc of a single
1)attalion. Of all the ditticulties with whicli lie
liad to struggle, the greatest, though little no-
ticed by English historians, arose from the con-
stitution of the IJatavian republic. No great .so-
ciety lias ever existed during a long course of
years under a polity so inconvenient. The States-
General could not make war or peace, could not
conclude any alliance or levy any tax, without
thecon-sentof the StiUesof every province. The
States of a province could not give such con-
sent witliout the consent of every municipal-
ity which had a share in the representation. —
AIacaulay's YjSv,,, ch. 9, p. 381.
2406. GOVERNMENT, Concentrated. Beif/nof
George III. [It was resolved to tax and otherwise
oppress the American colonies.] It would seem
that the executioi; of so momentous a design
must liave engagefl the attention of the whole peo-
ple of Eagland and of the civilized world. But so
entirely was the British Government of that day
in the hands of the few, and so much was their
curiosity engrossed by what would give influence
at com-t or secure votes in the House of Com-
mons, that the most eventful measures ever
adopted in that country were entered upon with-
out any ob.servation on the part of historians and
•writers of memoirs at the time. The ministry it-
self was not aware of wliat it was doing. — Bax-
ckoft's U. S., vol. 5, ch o.
2407. . LouLhXIV. Louis imbibed
the most extravagant ideas of the nature and
extent of the royal prerogative. . . . He aimed
to concentrate in himself individually all the
powers and functions of government. Tlie sov-
ereign, in his view, was . . . the fountain and
author of all law and all justice. This theory he
was accustomed to express in the well-known
apothegm, "The State is myself."— Students'
FUANCE, ch. 21, ^ 1.
240§. GOVERNMENT confused. Xcw Jvmy.
It was almost impossible to tell to whom the
jurisdiction of the tc rritory rightfully belonged.
So far as the eastern province was concerne(l,
the representatives of Carteret claimed it ; the
Governor of New York claimed it ; Penn and
his associates claimed it. As to the western
province, the heirs of Byllinge claimed it ; Lu-
cas, Laurie, and Penn claimed it ; the Governor
of New York claimed it. Over all these stood
the paramount claim of the English king. From
1689 to 1693 there was no settled "form of
government in the territory. And for ten years
Uiereafter the colony was vexed and distracted
with the presence of more nders than any one
province could accommodate. — Uiui'ATii's U.S.
ch. 24, p. 207.
2400. GOVERNMENT, Dangerous. Deeemnrs.
Whatever we may judge of the designs of the.so
decemvirs, it is certain that they endeavored to
maintain their authority by extreme violence, and
as certain that they became almost immediately
the objects of ptublic indignation. From their
first appearance in tin; forum, they were i)re-
ceded by twelve lictors, who constantly carried
the fasces armed with axes. 'I'heir suite was
commonly composed of a numberof the most li-
centious i)atri(ians ; j)rortigates loaded with debt
orstained with crimes ; men whose pleasure lay
in every siiecies of disorder, and who contributed
a desperate aid to those ministers whose i)ower
protected them in their lawless excesses. . . . Such
was the miserable situation of Home tmder her
new governors, that many of the princii)al citi-
zens betook themselves for refuge to the allied
states. — Gibbon's HoMK, Book 'A, ch. "., p. 336.
2410. GOVERNMENT, Demoralizing. Bad.
The horrid practice, .so lannliar to the ancients,
of exposing or murdering their new-born infants,
was become every day more frequent in the prov-
inces, and especially in Italy. It was the effect
of distress ; and the distress was princiiially oc-
casioned by the intolerable burden of taxes, and
by the vexatious as well as cruel f)rosecutionsof
tlie officers of the re vemie against their insolvent
debtors. The le.s opulent or less industrious part
of mankind, instead of rejoicing in an increase
of family, deemed it an act of jiaternal tenderness
to release their children from the imi)ending mis-
eries of a life which they themselves were unable
to support. [Such was the condition of the Ro-
man people early in the fourth century.] —
Gibbon's Rome, ch. 3, p. 94.
2411. GOVERNMENT, Destitute of. New Jcr-
sri/. For twelve years the whole province was not
in a settled condition. From .lime, 1()(^9, to Au-
gust, 1692, ea.st New Jersey had no goverimient
whatever, being, in time of war, without military
officers, as well as without magistrates ; and af-
terward commissions were issued by two sets of
proprietors, of which each had its adherents ;
whil( a third party, swayed by disgust at the
confusion, . . . rejectedthc proprietaries alto-
gether. — Bancijokt's U. S., ch. 19, vol. 3.
2412. GOVERNMENT detested. C/tdrlc.i IT.
The roar of foreign guns was heard, for the first
and last time, by the citizens of London. In the
council it was .seriously proposed that, if the en-
emy advanced, the Tower should be abandoned.
Great multitudes of people assembled in the
streets, crying t)ut that England was bought and
.sold. Tlie houses and carriages of the ministers
were attacked by the populace ; and it seemed
likely that the government would have to deal
at once with an invasion and with an insurrec-
tion. The extreme danger, it is true, soon piissed
by.— Macaclay'sEno., ch. 2, p. 180.
24151. GOVERNMENT, Dictatorial. Gustacua
III. He declared that, in future, the king alone
should have power to convene and dissolve the
legislature ; that the king should have the abso-
lute command of army and navy, and the power
to appoint and remove all officers, military, na-
val, and civil ; that,, in case of necessity, of
\i I
m
28G
GOVEHXMENT.
wliicli the kill!,' iilonc was to lie the judirp, he
Bhould impose iii.xes witiioiit coiiHiiitiiif^ (he Hen-
iite ; tiiiit IIk; Senate should discns.H no subjects
cxee])! tliose i)roposed by the itiiiir ; but tiiat no
oirensive war sliould \)v. uiKh'rtaken without
their eonsent. He tlien declared the Senate dis-
solved, and its niemliers dismissed from all their
cmiiloyments. lie concluded liy takiiiira psalm-
book from his 'jiocket, and ;;ave out a tlianks-
givini: hymn, \vhich the whole assembly rose
nndsani;. . . . The kind's triuiniih was complete.
In two davs Sweden, from lieini; the most strict-
ly limited monarchy in Europe, beeaiiu! one
of the most alisolufe. — C'YtLorKUiA ok JJiou.,
p. 34;{.
34 M. GOVERNMENT difficult. Smfs. Tliouijh
file Scottish Parliament was obsequious, the
Hcoftish ]ieople had always been siii,!,ailarly tur-
bulent and un^^overnable. They had butchered
their first James in his bedchamber ; they had
repeatedly arrayed themselves in arms nirainst
James 1 1. ; they had slain James III. on the
the field of battle ; their disobedience had broken
the heart of James V. ; they had dejxjsed and
imprisoned Mary ; they had led her son captive ;
and their tem]ier was still asuntractable as ever.
Their liabits were rude and martial. All alon;.f
the southern liorder and all alonij between the
Highlands and the Lowlands ranired an inces-
sant and predatory war. — Macaul.^y's Eno.,
cli. 1, p. 87.
aj 15. GOVERNMENT, Discordant. Arrr. [Un-
der the C'rusaders.J After the loss of .lerusalem,
Acre, which is distant about seventy miles,
became the metrojiolis of the Latin Christians,
and was adorned with strong and .stately build-
ings, with aqueducts, an artificial port, and a
double wall. The population was increased by
the incessant .streams of pilgrims and fugitives ;
in the pauses of hostiltty the trade of the East
and "West was attracted to this convenient sta-
tion ; and the market could ofTerthe produce of
every clime and the interpreters of every tongue.
But in this contlu.x of nations every vice was
propagated and practised ; of all the disciples of
Jesus and >Ialiomet, the male and female inhab-
itants of Acre were esteemed the most corrupt ;
nor could the abu.se of religion be corrected by
the diseiiiline of law. The city had many sov-
ereigns, and no government. The kings of
Jerusalem and Cyprus, of the house of Lusig-
nan, the jirinces of Antioch, the counts of Trip-
oli and Sidon, the great masters of the hospital,
the temjile, and the Teutonic order, the repub-
lics of Venice, Genoa, and Pi.sa, the pope's leg-
ate, the kings of France and England, assumed
an independent command ; seventeen tribunals
exercised the {Kiwer of life and death ; every
criminal was protected in the adjacent quarter ;
and the perpetual jealousy of the nations often
burst forth in acts of violence and blood. — Gib-
bon's Home, ch. 59, p. 46.
2416. GOVERNMENT disgraced, Georr/e Vil-
Hers. George Villiers, afterward Duke of Buck-
ingham, on whom the king, in the space of a few
years, lavished all possible honors, , , . was devoid
of every talent of a minister ; he was headstrong
in his passions, imprudent, impolitic, and capri-
cious. He was(listinguished by a romantic spirit,
which led him into the most extravagant excess-
es ; and the indulgence of his favorite passions
had their intluence even upon the public mea-s-
ures of the nation. He projected an absurd
exi)e<litioii of Charles, the I'rince of AValcs, into
Sjiain, on a visit, in disguise, to the Infanta, the
daughter of I'liili|) 1\'., who had been i)roposed
to him as a desirable match. 'I'heir adventures
on this expedition have more the air of romanc(!
than of history ; but Huckingiiam was tlu^ hero
of the piece. ' He tilled all ]\la(lrid with his in-
trigues, his aiiiour'. .serenades, challenges, and
jealousies. He insul'ed the prime-minister Oli-
varez b}' oiK.'iily making love to his wife, as he
(lid afterward, with still more folly and inso-
lence, to theCiueen of France; in short, the
]>rojected match with the Infanta .seemed to be
the least object of Buckingham's journey, and
it aecordiiiirlv was never concluded. — Tytleu's
Hist., Hook"C, ch. '-'!), p. ilDS.
2417. GOVERNMENT, Disordered, lidgn of
C"iiniiii(liiM. The negligence of the public ad-
ministration was Iietrayed, soon afterward, by
a new disorder, which arose from the smallest
beginnings. A spirit of desertion began to pre-
vail among the troops ; and the deserters, instead
of .seeking their .safety in flight or concealment,
infested the highways. Jlaternus, a private sol-
dier, of a daring boldness aliove his station, col-
lected these bands of robbers into a little army,
set open the prisons, invited the slaves to a.ssert
their freedcmi, and plundered with impunity the
rich and defenceless cities of Gaul and Spain.
The governors of the lU'ovinees, who had long
been the spectators, and perhajw the partners, of
his depredations, were at length roused from
their sujiine indolence by the threatening com-
mands of the emperor. — Giuiio.n's Rome, ch. 4,
p. 107.
2418. GOVERNMENT, Divine. lim/ol. It was
gravely maintained that the Supreme Being re-
garded hereditary monarchy, as oppo.sed to other
forms of government, with peculiar favor ; that
the rule of succession in order of primogeniture
was a divine institution, anterior to the Chris-
tian, and even to the Mosaic dlspensiition ; that
no human power, not even that of the whole
Legislature — no length of adverse pos.session,
though it extended to ten centuries, could de-
prive the legitimate prince of his rights ; that
his authority was necessarily always despotic ;
that the laws by which, in England and in other
countries, the jirerogative was limited, were to
be regarded merely as concessions wliich the
sovereign had freely made and might at his
pleasure resume ; and that any treaty into which
a king might enter with his people was merely
a decraration of his present intentions, and not a
contract of which the performance could be de-
manded. [Reign of James I.]— Macaulay'b
Eng., ch. 1, p. 66.
2419. GOVERNMENT, The earliest. Monar-
chy. We may, therefore, fairly presume that
a limited monarchy was the earliest form of reg-
ular government among the ancient nations.
The scriptures, as well as the profane historians,
bear evidence to this fact. A republic is an idea
too refined and too comi)lex for a rude people to
form ; and despotic monarchies arise only after
extensive conquests, and a great enlargement of
empire. — Tytleu's Hist., Bookl, eh" 1, p. 20.
2420. GOVERNMENT, Economical. Washing-
ton. When Washington came to the Presidency,
I ' I
GOVEHNMENT.
287
OIK! of till! tti'sl acts WHS to nanu' tli(!yoiinK West
Iiidiiiii — tlicii l)iit tliiity-thri'C! yctirn of ajic — to
tlie most (lilliciilt post in his adiniiiistratiou — tliat
of secretary of tlie treasury. All)ert (Jallatiii,
wlio hecaiue serretary of tlio treasury twenty
years after, said tliat Alexander llanullon had
so reirulated the business of the ofHe(! as to
make it a sinecure for his successors ; and I have
been informed that as late as 1800 the l)usiness
continued to he done upon the plans and meth-
ods estalilished by Hamilton at tlie liejjiiuiinjj; of
the government. From this position, after four
years of .service, he was compelled to retire, lie-
cause the saliiry woidd not su])i)ort his fauuly.
— Cvci.orKDr.v ok Bioo., p. 474.
a4i)l. OOVERKMENT, Farcical. CuitKhintiiie.
Home of these otlicial ensiij^ns were really e.\-
liihited in their hall of audience ; others jireceded
their pompous march whenever they appeared
in public ; and every circumstance of their de-
meanor, their dress, their ornament- and their
train was calculated to inspire a deep reverence
for the reiire.senlatives of supremi! ma.jestv. By
a philosophic ol)server, the .system of the Uoman
govenniient might have been nnstaken for a
splendid theatre, tilled with players of every
character and dejj^ree, who npeated the languaue
and imitated the passions of leir original moilel.
—Gibbon's Homk, ch. 17, p. 108.
2422. GOVERNMENT, Fraudulent. Cromirdl'n.
After a debate of three (lays the Parliament, of
whom a great majority were now most sincerely
desirous of an accommodation, jiassed a vote,
by which it was declared that the king's conces-
sions were a reasonable foundation for the House
to proceed upon in the .settlement of the king-
dom. The vote was no .sooner heard than
(/'romwell marched into London, surrounded the
House of Commons, and suffering none to enter
but his own party, excluded about two hundred
of the members. Thus there remained about
sixty of the independent party, sure and unani-
mous in their intended measures. The vote
agreeing to the king's conces.sions was now re-
scinded, and another passed, declaring it treason
in a king to levy war against his Parliament, and
appointing a high court of justice to take trial
of Charles' treason. This vote being .sent up to
the House of Lords was rejected without a dis-
senting voice. But this mockery of a Parliament
was not thus to be stopped in their career. The
next vote was that the Commons of England
have the supreme authority of the nation, inde-
pendent of either king or peers. Cromwell him-
self was ashamed of the glaring illegality of
the.se proceedings, and apologized for his con-
duct by declaring that lie had a divine impulse
that the king hail been abandoned by Heaven. —
Tytleu's Hist., Book 6, ch. 30, p. 408.
8423. GOVERNMENT, Genius tor. Alfred the
Oreat. Alfred divided all England into coun-
ties ; the.se he subdivided into hundreds ; and
the hundreds again into tithings. Ten neigh-
boring householders formed a tithing, a fribourg,
or decennery, over which one man was appointed
to preside, called a titliingman or borgholder.
Every householder was answerable for the con-
duct of his family, and the borgholder for the
conduct of all within his district. Every man
was punished as an outlaw who did not register
himself in some tithing ; and none could change
their habitation without a warrant from Iho
titliingman or borgholder. When any i)ersoii
was accused of a crime, the borgliolder was
siunmoned to answer for iiini ; if he declined to
become his security, tli(! criminal was committed
to prison till trial. H" he escajied before trial,
the borgholder was subjected to a penalty. The
borgholder, in deciding disjiutes or small law-
suits, summoned his whole decennary or titning
to a.ssist him. In matters of greater importance,
in appeals from the decennary, or in controver-
sies arising between memliersof ditl'erent decen-
naries, the cause was lirotight liefore the hundred,
which consisted of ten decennaries, or one hun-
dred families of freemen, and which was regu-
larlj- assembled every four weeks for the decid-
ing of cau.ses. Their method of deciding de-
serves particularly to be noticed as being the
origin of juries, that inestimalile jirivilege of
Britons. — 'I'ytlkk's Hist., Book 0, ch. .'5, yi. 110.
2424. . RirhiUeu. The factious no-
bility began to excite new disturbances, which
Louis Xill., who was now of age, hail neither
the discretion nor the aliilily to compose. These
commotions were increased by religious dilfer-
ences, for the Protestants, who had enjoyed an
unmolested traniiuillity under Henry Iv., and
for a while under the minority of Louis, were
now exjwsed to fresh per.secutions. They wens
obliged to take up arms ; and a political and ti
religioits war raged with (Mpial violence at tlw;
same time. The king, amid these commotions,
was obliged alternately to bribe his own ser-
vants ami to negotiate with his rebel nobility.
While public affairs were in this situation Mary
de Medicis had the address to bring the new
favorite Hichelieu into the council, against the
inclination of the king and his favorite counsel-
lors ; and in a very short time this great jwliti-
cian completely gained the contidence of his
royal master, and signallv displayed hissjilendid
abilities in quieting all disorders and raising the
French moniirchy to a very liigh pitch of splen-
dor. The Cardinal de Hichelieu entered on his ad-
ministration with that vigorous activity which
marks a bold and daring spirit. . . . Hichelieu
was a man whose genius was truly astonishing.
He was negotiating at one time tcith all ami
af/ninut most of the sovereigns of Europe. ... A
formidable cable at court was .secretly undermin-
ing his power. Gaston, Duke of Orleans, the
king's brother, detested the Cardinal de Hiche-
lieu ; Mary de j\Iedicis was jealous of that very
power which she had contributed to raise ; and
most of the nobility were his secret enemies.
This illustrious man, wlio.se intrepidity was equal
to all situations, suppres.sed these cabals in a
manner which astonished all Euroi)e. The mo.st
surprising circumstance in the whole of these
transactions is, that Cardinal de Hichelieu found
himself able to make such exertions of the most
despotic power while the vation were his ene-
mies. He surmounted all opposition ; and while
the genius of most men, even of great abilities,
would have found it sutHcient occupation to
wage war against those cabals and factions which
were continually meditating his downfall, this
extraordinary man not only completely foiled
the schemes of his enemies, but found means to
raise the kingdom of France to a most flourish-
ing condition at home, while he extended her
H
if
H-y
288
GOVERNMENT.
florv fuid influence over all Europe.— Tyti-eu'h
IiHT., Hook «, eh. 82, p. 443.
3.ia*. GOVERNMENT, Growth of. j\Wcmv}/.
What fiction ran be more ah.sunl and ineredihle
than to .suppose aii)i;;n()rant and rude youth, tlie
leach'r of afi.r ' of lianditti, or tlie chief of a
troop of slicplnnis, ininiediatcly after lie had
reared tlie turf walls of his projected city, call-
ing together his followers, and delivering a ltd)or-
od and methodical oration on the naturi; of thi'
difTerent liinds of government, such as he had
heard existed in Greece and other nations, de-
siring Ids liearers seriously to weigh the advan-
tages and defects of those ditferent political con-
stitutions, and modestly concluding with a dec-
laration tliat he is ready to accede with cheerfid-
ness to whatever form they, in tlieir aggregate
wisdom, may decree V Oil this ahsiu-d tietion
Dlonysius rears the .structure of a finely attem-
perecl constitution, all at once framed and adopt-
ed by this troop of barbarians. [Uomulus found-
ing Rome. 1—Tytleu'wH ibt., Book 3, ch. 2, p.303.
34<26. GOVERNMENT, Imperfections of. Brit-
inh. The English long enioyed a large measure
of freedom and happine.s.s. Though during the
feeble reign of Henry VI. the State was torn
first by factions and nt length by civil war ;
tliou^h Edward IV. was a prince of di.s.soluto
and impi''"'ous character ; though Richard III.
has generally been represented as a monster of
depravity ; though the exactions of Henry VII.
ca\ised great repming, it is certain that our ances-
tors, under those kings, were far better governed
than the Belgians under Philip, surnanied the
Good, or the French under that Louis who was
styled the father of his people. — M.\c.\i:lay's
Hist., ch. 1, p. 35.
34'2r. GOVERNMENT, Impracticable. Jtim^s
If. James was the instrument of his own misfor-
tunes, and ran headlong to destruction. In a
government where the ]K'oi)le have a determined
share of power and a capacity of legally resist-
ing every mea.sure which they apprel\end to ))e
to their disadvantage, every attempt to change,
in opposition to their general desire, the religion
or civil constitution of the country, must be im-
practicable. The Roman Catholics in England
were not at this time one hundredth part of the
nation. How absurd, then (a.s Sir William
Temple told his sovereign) — how contrary to
common-.sense was it to imagine that one part
should govern ninety-nine who were of opposite
sentiments and opinions ! Yet Jame.s was weak
enough to make that absurd and desperate at-
tempt. The nobility of the kingdom, by natur-
al right the counsellors of the sovereign, were
obliged to give place to a set of Romish priests,
who directed all liis measures; and James, as if
he was determined to neglect nothing which
might tend to his own destruction, began his
reign by levying, without the authority of Parlia-
ment, all the ta.xes which had been raised by his
predecessor ; he showed a further contempt of
the constitution and of all national feeling by
foing ojwnly to mass ; and though in his first
'arliament he .solemnly promised to observe the
laws and to maintain the Protestant religion, he,
at the same time, hinted in pretty strong terms
that if he found them at all refractory or back-
■ward in granting .such supplies as he should re-
quire, he could easily dispense with calling any
more such assemblies. — T ytlku's Hist., Book 0,
ch. 30, p. 424.
343M. GOVERNMENT, Indiscreet. JomcM T.
During two hundred years all the sovereigns who
had ruled England, with the single exception
of the unfortunate Henry VI., had been strong-
miiwh'd, high-spirited, courageous, and nf jtrincc-
ly bearing. Almost all had ])ossessc(l abilities
above the ordinary level. It was no light thing
that, on the very eve of the dc( isive struggle be-
tween (air kings and their Parliaments, royally
should l)e exhiliited to the world .slaiiuiiering,
.slobbering, shedding unmanly tears, trembling
at a drawn sword, and talking in the >lyle alter-
nately of a ImlToon and of a pedagogue — >Ia-
c.\ri..\Y's Eno., eh. 1, ji. 08.
2429. GOVERNMENT, Insulted. Cithrn Oe-
lU't. The Jacobins of Fiance had belli iided the
king and abolished the monarchy. Citizen Ge-
net was .sent by the new French reiniblic as
minister to the Lnited States. , . . He was greet-
ed with unbounded enthusiasm. Taking advan-
tage of his popularity, the ambassador lieganto
abuse his authority, fitted out iirivatecrs to prey
on the commerce of Great Britain, ]ilaiined ex-
peditions against Louisiana, and allliough the
President had already i.ssued a i)roclamation of
neutrality, dcmandecf an alliance with the gov-
ernment. AVasliington and his Cabinet firmly
refused, and the audacious ministcT threatened
to apjmtl to the p'ople. In this outrageous con-
duct he was sustained by the Anti-Federal party,
and for a while the government was endangered.
But Wa.sliington stood unmoved, declared the
course of the French minister an insult to the;
sovereignty of the Lnited States, and demanded
his recall, and Genet was supersetlet!. — Rid-
PATii's U. S., ch. 46, p. 368.
2430. GOVERNMENT without Law. A im-ri-
m)i Indumn. There can be no society without gov-
ernment ; but among tlie Indian tribes . . .
there was not only no written law — there was no
traditionary ex]iression of law ; government
rested ujion opinion and usage, and the motives
for u.sage were never emlx)died in language. No
ancient legislator believed that huinnn .society
could be maintained with so little artiticc. —
Banchoft's U. S., vol. 3, ch. 22.
2431. GOVERNMENT of Majority, Wiotle Td-
nnd Colony. All the powei^s of the colonial
government were intrusted to the people. A
simple agreement Avas made and signed by the
settlers, that in all matters not affecting the
conscience they would yield a cheerful obedi-
ence to such rules as the majority might make
for the public welfare. In questions of religion
the individual conscience should be to every man
a guide. When Massiichiisetts objected that
such a democracy would leave nothing for the
magistrates to do, Rhode Island answered that
magistrates were wellnigh useless. — Ridpath's
U. S., ch. 22, p. 194.
2432. GOVERNMENT, Menace of. Charles TT.
The moderation of this assembly [the Parliament
of 1640] has been highly extolled by the most dis-
tinguished Royalists, and seems to have caused
no small vexation and disappointment to the
chiefs of the opposition ; but it was the uniform
practice of Charles — a practice equally impolitic
and ungenerous — to refuse all compliance with
GOVERNMENT.
289
the (k'sircs of liis jH'oplc till those desires were
cxpre.ssed in ii lueimcing tone, — Macaui-ay'h
En(j., eh. 1, p. 8I».
aj'ja. GOVEENMENT, Military. CromircU'H.
Ill th(! .siiiiirner ol 1047, iihoiil twelve inoiitliH
alter tiic lust fortress of the Cavaliers had suh-
initte<l to till! I'ariiainent, the I'arliainent was
coinpellcd to suliiuil to its own .soldiers. Thir-
teen yiius followed, d 11 rin.i; which l']ii;,dan(l was,
iinder various names and forms, really j;overned
by the sword. Never liefore that tinier or since
that time was the civil power in our country
Hulijected to military dictation. — M.vt'Aii.AV's
E.NO., eh. 1, p. 11 '2.
ai:i.|. GOVERNMENT misdirected. Piriin/.
C'aiitain .John Null was one of the most dariiii;;
.va-devils of that lawless lime. He was an unlak-
ahle man. . . . IWhile a pardon without reslitu-
tion was in jiro^ress, Admiral] Elliot did niana.ne
to^et jinsscssionof him. . . . The pirate was more
poweiful than tiie admiral. . . . .Such a buccaneer
as Nutt — an iminen.selv wealthy man, a darinij:,
resolutL man — had friends at court. ... It is
marvellous to relate that Nutt was jiermitted to
become theaccniser of the admiral — that admiral
who had tirst been conj^ratulated by t'onway the
Secretary of Stale, . . . who had been told by
letter that he was to receive the kin,<^'s thanks
and to kiss the kiiiLj's hand in aeknowledjjfmenl
of his rocue of the western counties and seas
from Nutt's piracj', plunder, and murder. That
admiral, . . . for that very transaction of seizing
that pirate, the month following lay in the Mar-
shalsea i)rison upon some frivolous pretences;
while the happy, blithe-hearted pirate and plun-
derer stepped forth with a free and uncondition-
al pardon to renew his jileasant adventures upon
the .seas. — lloons C'uomwki,i<, eh. 3, p. 51.
il4.?5. GOVERNMENT mismanaged. Colony.
In September, l(R)i), there remained at .James-
town a colony of four hundred and ninety per-
sons, well armed, well supplied, and well shel-
tered. Hut such was the viciousness and profli-
gacy of the greater number, and such the in.sub-
ordination and want of j .'oper leadership, after
[.John] Smith's departure, that bj' the beginning
of winter the settlement was face to face with star-
vation. . . . Cold and hunger completed the ter-
rors of a winter long remembered witli a slnuhler,
and called the sUivnnn time. By the last of March
there were only sixty persons alive, and these, if
help had not come sju'edily, could hardly have
lived a fortnight. — HiurATii's U. 8., ch. 10,
p. KlO.
a 136. GOVERNMENT, A model. North Car-
olinn. The philoso|)lier John Locke was employ-
ed by Sir Astley [C'ooi)er, Earl of Shaftesbury]
and his a-iso(!iates to prepare the constitution.
The le>;i><lati()n of the world furnishes no parallel
lor the pi>mpous absurdity of Locke's perform-
ance. From March until, July of ItiGO the phi-
losopher worked away in the ])reparation of his
fraud niiiihi. . . . Political rights were made de-
pendent upon hereditary wealth. The officers
■were put beyond the reach of the people. There
were two grand oixlers of nobility. '^i''here were
dukes, earls, and marquises ; knights, lords, and
esquires; baronial courts, heraldic ceremony, and
every sort of feudal uon.sense, . . . for a few col-
onists who lived on venison and potatoes, and
paid their debts iu tobacco. . . . After twenty
years . . . they concluded that an oniplro . . .
was impossible. — UiurATii's L'. S. , ch. 27, p. 22.'5.
a4;i7. GOVERNMENT, Moral. Optimimn. The
fashionable i)hilo.sophy then was tliat of 1'o|M''h
" Ivssay on iMan ;" ... it was continually
(pioted in society. It was very common to hear
such expressions as, " \Vhal<'ver is, is right ;"
" Partial evil is tlat general good ;" " This is the
best of possible worlds ;" "Each creature is as
happy as is consistent with the happiness of the
whole." Sentiments of this kind we now call
"Optimism." In the niid.sl of all this shallow
talk calm; tin; tidings of an appalling catas-
trophe [the eartlaiuakeat Lisbon], which struck
every soul with amazement and terror, as if to
show the futility of all human attempts to form
a consistent theory respecting the goxcrmnentof
the univer.se. — Cyci.oi'ioiua ok IJiod.,]). 31.
a 138. GO-TERNMENT, Municipal. Ori;/!,, of.
In the next place, the towns or boroughs, which
were then lied down by a .sort of va.^isuiage and
clientship to the nobles, began now to purcliiiv)-
their immunity ; tind instead of being entirely
governed by thes(\ nobles, to whom the magis-
Irati's Were no more than .servants and slewarils,
while they exerei.sed themselve.s the suj)remo
civil and criminal authority, and imixised what
taxes or exactions they thought lit, the towns
now acquired a right of choosing their own mag-
istrates, who were resiionsibk! to tla; jiublii- ;
they freed themselves from those arbitrary im-
positions, and were governed bv their own mu-
nicipal statutes, subordinate to the public laws of
the king(h)m. Thus the mnnici])id government
began, in many of the towns of Europe, to take
the place of the feudal. — TvTi-iiu's Hist., Book
«, eh. 10, p. 10.").
343». GOVERNMENT needless. North Ciro-
linn. The people, without molestation, enjoyed
their wild independence. It was the liberty of
freemen in the woods. " North Carolina," like
ancient Home, was famed "as the sanctuary
of runaways ;" .seventy years after its origin
Spotswood descrilH's it as "a country when;
there is .scarce any form of government ;" and it
long continued to ))e said, with but slight ex-
aggeration, that " in Carolina every one did what
was right in his own eyes, ])aying tribute neither
to Gotl nor toCa'.sar." — Ba.ncuokt's U. S., vol. 3,
ch. 19.
ai40. GOVERNMENT, Neglect of. Pirnte.<^.
During the recess of WIT) Eliot travelled to the
West. As he pas.sed along, news reached him
of the cruel mischief iiiHicted by Turkish pi-
rates, who, from under forts and castles left helii-
less and unguarded, sprung on English ships.
The western .sea, witli all the villages lining
its coasts, was entirely at their mercy ; all trade
was interrupted, aiuf the numlwr of Christians
cai)tured to Iw sold into slavery during the
outrages of three months could not l>e less than
twelve hundred. There were wailings for fa-
thers and sons, for brothers, for husbands and
wives. jMeantime the ships of the nation lay
in harbor, men and provisions on board, and
government careless of the intlietions on its sub-
jects. — Hood's Ckomwei.l, ch. 3, p. 57.
a441. GOVEBNMENT, Nominal. Monarch of
England. The king reigned, but by the theory
of the constitutiou was not to govern. He ap*
290
OOVEHNMKNT.
pcnrcd in tlic Privy Covinril ftn oroiislons of
slHli; ; ')iit Oiu'on Anne wmh the last of tlic Kn^;-
lisli iiioiiiinTiN toiiltciid tlii'dchalcH of tlic^ lloiis(>
(if Lordn, or to idcsiiU? at ii iiiccliu;; of tlie min-
istry. — Hancuokt'h U. S. , vol. 5, cli. :{.
a-M'J. GOVERNMENT, Odloui. Rump Purlm-
nil /it. 'Pile Ion;; pailiiinicnl of live years' dura-
tion, christened, l)y one of those- eontenipluous
desi;;nalions which mark jiopuiar disifust, TV/c
Jtmiii), a term sii;rj,'ested l)y its apparently inler-
mlnahle sessions uiion tht! henclies of Westmin-
ster, had thoroii<,dily wearied out the peoph; of
En;j:land. 'I'he lonj,' liaran,i;uesof the Puritans,
the hi^foted di.scourses of the saints, the personal
unpoitularity of the demaKo,i,'ues, the anti-social
absurdities of the F^eveliers, the nuirder of an
innocent and heroic monarch, which penetrated
the conscience of the nation with remorse, tlu;
imposts and slau^hterH of the civil war, finally,
the heaviness of that anonymous tyranny which
tile people endured more impatiently than tin;
autocracy of a irlorious name — all these eom-
liined objections fell i)ack in accunudated odiinn
and ridicule on the Parliament. — La.m.uitimc'h
C'homwkm,, j). 57.
34-13. OOVEKNHENT, Outrages of. Virf/iiiia
Culoiii/. An aristocratic party which had arisen
in tilt! colony obtained control of the House of
Ihirffc.sses. . . . J^pi.scopalianism was a^ain es-
tablished as the State relif^ion. A jjroscriptive
ordinance was passed ajjainst the Baptists, and
tlie i)eace-lovin;f Quakers were lined, persecuted,
and imi)ri.soned. JJurilensonu; taxes were laid
on personal property and polls ; the holders of
lar^e estates weree.\em])t, and the ])()orer people
nttlicted. . . . The biennial election of biu'i^esses
was abolished, so that tlu; (t.xisling assend)ly con-
tinued indefinitely in ])o\\er. . . . The tyranny
outdid England ; . . . tin ji came open resistance.
— JiiDPATii'M U. y., eh. 12, p. 111).
3444. OOVEBNHENT, Paradoxical. liqmhlic.
It may, indeed, be confidently asserted that there
never was that government called a republic,
which was not ultimately ruled by a single will,
and, therefore (however bold may seem the par-
adox), virtually and substantially a monarchy.
The only diilerence between governments, with
respect to the political freedom of tlie subject,
consists in the greater or the smaller number of
restraints by which the regulating will is con-
trolled. — Tytler's Hist., Book 2, cb. C, p. 210.
3445. OOVEBNMENT, Patriotic. Ckomencs.
lie began by the judicious measure of attaching
the army to bis interest, securing the conrtdence
and allegiance of all the jirincipal officers, and
dextrously removing from command .such as he
judged to be unfriendly to the revolutionary de-
sign. Several of the richer citizens, and even
some of the Epbori, from whom lie expected op-
position, were on various pretences banished or
put to death. Trusting to the ready co-operation
of the lower orders, he then a.ssembled the peo-
ple, and detailing the great benefits to be ex-
pected from a complete change of .system, pro-
claimed the abolition of all the debts, and begin-
ning by divesting himself of the whole of his
property, made a new partition of the lands of
the republic, and restored the ancient plan of ed-
ucation, the institution of the public tables, and,
in a word, as nearly as possible, the long-fcrgot-
ten regimen of Lycurgus. Cleomenes was hailed
the Ht'cond f.ninder and father of his country,
and (Jreece resounded with his praise. — TvT-
i.KUs llisr., Hook 2, ch. U, \h 2(H).
3440. GOVERNMENT, Fowerleii. Colon;/ of
Vii'ijiiiiii. The biiigcsNcs had many privileges,
but very little ])owcr. 'fhey might discuss thu
alTairsof the colony, but could not control them ;
l)ass laws, but cculd luit enforce them ; declaro
their rights, but could imt secure them. . . . No
law was binding un'il ratillcil iiy the cnmpany in
England. Only one great bcnetit was gained —
the freedom of debate. Wherever tbtit is recog-
nized, lil)erty must soon follow. — HiiU'ATii'.'*
U. H., ch. 11. p. lit).
3447. GOVERNMENT, Provisional. Fli;iht of
Jiiini'n II. '{"he pccis rcpiiired to (Jnildhall, and
were received there with all honor bv llic mag-
istracy of tiie city. In strictness ot' law, they
were no better entitled than any other set of per-
sons to assume the executive administration.
Ibit it was necessary to the public safely that
there should be a provisional government", and
the eyes of men naturally turned to the heredi-
tary magnates of the realm. The extremity of the
danger drew Sancroft forth from his jjalace.
He took the chair; and under his presidency
the new Archbishoit of Y(irk, live bishojis, and
twenty-two temi)oral lords determined to draw
uj), subscribe, and publish a declaration. [They
took the res|)()nsibiliiv<if temporarily conducting
the government. J — .\Iacai;i,av's Eno., ch. 10,
p. r^\\.
344A. GOVERNMENT, Reaction in. C e o ro e
III. A.I). ITtUI. [TheStam]) Act was repealed by
Parliament.] The king, who regarded the repeal
of the Stanij) Act as " a fatal compliance," which
had forever •' wounded the majesty" of England,
and "planted thorns" under his pillow, pre-
ferred the hazard of losing the colonies to tem-
peringtheHriti.sh claim of absolute authorit)'. . . .
"The coming hour" Avas foretold "when the
Brhi.sb Augustus would grieve for the obscuring
of the glories of his reign by the lo.ss, not of a
province, but of an eini)ire more extensive than
that of Uome ; not of three legions, but of whole
nations." No party in England could prevent
an instantaneous reaction. — Banchokt's U. S.,
vol. 6, ch. 25.
3449. GOVERNMENT, Restraints of. FUgU
of James II. Legitimate authority there was
none. All those evil passions which it is the of-
fice of government to restrain, and which the
best governments restrain but imperfectly, were
on a sudden emancipated from control : ava-
rice, licentiousness, revenge, the hatred of sect
to .sect, the hatred of nation to nation. On such
occasions it will ever be found that the human
vermin which, neglected by ministers of State
and ministers of religion, barbarous in the
midst of civilization, lieathcn in the midst of
Christianity, burrows, among all physical and
all moral ])ollution, in the cellars and garrets
of great cities, will at once rise into a terrible
importance. So it was now in London. — Macau-
lay's Eng., ch. 10, p. 514.
3450. GOVERNMENT revolationized. Roman.
The creation of the Tribunes of the people is
the era of a change in the Roman constitution.
The Valerian law had given a severe blow to the
aristocracy, or party of the patricians ; and the
creation of popular magistrates with such high
OOVEUNMENT.
291
poworH hiui now plainly cdnvcrtcd llio j^ovcrn
mint into ii (it'inornicy. . . . Hut tlic inini'diutct
fimsc of tliiiij,rs coininj; to an open ruiilurc wiih,
iw wo iiiivc! Hccn, till- lntol(ral)l(' Immcn of tli(!
«i('l)tH owinj; l>y \Uv i)oor to tiic ricii. Tills
jirit'vancf! hccanic at Icnj^tli ho p'licral, from tlu-
fictiut'iuy of the niililaiy cainpai^nM, in which
every Holdicr was ohlijicd to wrvc at liis own
chari^t'M, and from the ravages comndltcd on the
lands liy Ihi' hostile armies, which reduced the
poorer sort entirely to hej^ijary, that the ])l(!lieians
liegan to look updn their order as horn to a slate
of iiereditary servitude. Hence tliat desperate
measure of ahandonin^ the city and encampini^
in arms upon the Moim Sircr. All that the peo-
ple at this time (h'sircd was not i)ower, liut a ri'-
lief from o|)|)r(>ssion and cruelty. And had this
just claim Ixien readily listened to, and a relief
granted to them, if not by an entire aliolition of
tlie debts, nt least by rei>ressing the; enormous
iLsury, and taking away tlie inhuman riglits of
slavery and of cori)oral ]«uiishment, this peo-
ple would, in all i)robability, have cheerfully re-
turned to order and submission, and tlie Roman
constitution might long have remained, wliat wc;
liave seen it was at first, aristocratieal. Hut a
torrent imprudently resisted will in timtMiccpnro
that impetuous force which carries everything
before it. Tlie jiatricians, sensible that they had
pushed matters to a most alarnnng extreme, and
now thoroughly intimidated, wen; oliliged to
grant the demand of creating jiojiular magis-
trates. — Tyti.kh's Hist., Booii 3, ch. 3, p. 310.
3151. OOVEBNMENT, Bidioalona. mmlUury
Monavch)/. Of tlie various forms of government
wliich have prevailed in the world, an hereditary
monarchy .seems to present the fairest scope for
ridicule. Is it possible to relate without an in-
dignant .smile tiiat, on the father's decease, the
property of a nation, Hive that of a drove of
oxen, descends to his infant son, as yet unknown
to mankind and to liimself ; and that the bravest
warriors and the wisest statesmen, reliiuiuishing
tlieir natural right to empire, approach the roy-
al cradle with bended knees and iirotestations
of inviolable lidelity V — Gibbon's Humk, ch. 7,
p. 18.
2452. GO'TERNMENT, Rights of. New York
Culony. [New York had licen recontpiered
from the Dutch, and Sir fjdmund Andros ap-
pointed governor.] Tlie principles of arbitrary
government wen; openly avowed. Taxes were
levied without authority of law, and the appeals
and protests of tlie people were treated with de-
rision. The clamor for a popular ns.sembly had
been so great that Andros was on the point of
yielding. . . . The Duke [of York wrote] . . .
popular assemblies were seditious and dangerous ;
that they only fostered discontent and disturbed
the peace of the government ; and, finally, that
lie did not see any use of them. — Riupatii's U. 8.,
ch. 20, p. 174.
2453. OO-TERNMENT, Ruinous. Roman.
The agriculture of the Roman provinces was in-
sensibly ruined, and, in the progress of despo-
tism, whicl) tends to disappoint its own purpose,
the emperors were obligeil to derive some merit
from the forgiveness of debts or the remission
of tributes, which their subjects were utterly in-
capable of paying. According to the new divi-
sion of Italy, the fertile and happy province of
Campania, the Hc«'no of the early victories and
of tlu! delicious retirements of the citi/.eii.s of
l{f)mc, ext4-nd*(l between the .sea an<l the Apen-
nine from the Tiber to the Silarus. Within
sixty years after the death of Conslantiiie, and
on the evidence of an actual survey, an exemp-
tion was trraiited in favor of ;t3(),(MI0 Kmrlish
acres of (lescrt and imcnllivated land, which
amounted to one eighth of the whole ^-urface of
the jirovince. As the fnolsieps of the barba-
rians had not v<'l been seen in Italy, the cause of
thisama/.ing((csolalioii, which is recorded in iht;
laws, can be ascribed only to the adminisira-
lionof the lionian emperors. — OiBiioNs Ho.mk,
ch. 17, p. l-l-l.
245 I. GOVERNMENT, Scriptural. Xnr Ifa-
ren Colony. The lii'stycar lliere was no guvern-
nicnt excejit a simple covenant, into wliicli Iho
.settlers entered, that all would be obedii'ut to the
rules of Hcriplure. In .luiie, 1<I31>, tlie leading
me:i of New liaveii held a convention in a huni,
uid formally adopted the Milile as the coiisliiu-
;ion of tlie Slate. Everything was conformed
to the religious standard. Tlie government wa.'*
calh'd the IIou.se of Wisdom, of which . . . [sev-
en men] were the .seven jiillars. N(»ne lint
church-members were admitted to the rights of
citizenship. — Hidi-.vth'h U. S., ch. 21, p. 1^8.
2455. GOVERNMENT, Spirit of. ]Io i, o r—
Fear — Virtxe. The author of the "Spirit of
Laws" [Dr. Adam Fergu.son], a work whicli
must ever be regarded as the ])roduction of a
most enlightened niiinl, has built a great deal of
jilausible and ingenious reasoning on this gen-
eral idea, that the tlirei! distinct forms of govern"
ment, the monarcliical, the despotic, and the re-
publican, are inllucnced by three separate i»rin-
ciples, upon which the whole .system in each
form is constructed, and on which it must de-
))end for its .support. "The ininciple of the
monarchical form, " .says ^loutesiiuieu, " is //<*/<-
or; of the despotical,jr;Y»/'; and of the republi-
can, virtue :" a jiosilion which, if true, would at
once determine to which of the three forms the
lireference ought to be given in speculating on
Iheir coni])arative degrees of merit. — Tytleb's
Hist., Book 2, ch. (),'p. 218.
2456. GOVERNMENT, Strife in. English
Boroihi. For the tirst and last time in her his-
tory
and their outrage.'
the stern rule of the Norman kings had saved
her. Castles sprang up everywhere. " They
filled tlie land with castles," says the terrible an-
nalist of the time. "They greatly opijressed
the wretched jieople by making them work at
the.se castles, and when they were finished they
filled them with devils and armed men." In
each of these robber-holds a petty tyrant ruled
like a king. The strife for the crown had bro-
ken into a medley of feuds between baron and
baron, for none could brook an equal or a supe-
rior in his fellow. " They fought among them-
selves with deadly hatred, they spoiled the fair-
est lands with fire and rapine ; in what had been
the most fertile of counties they destroyed almost
all the provision of bread." For, fight as they
might with one another, all were at one in the
plunder of the land. Towns were put to ransom.
Villages were sacked and burned. All who
were deemed to have goods, whether men or
I
iry England w as in the hands of the baronage,
id their outrages shov ed from what horrors
293
OOVEUNMENT-OIlATITrDE.
Wdincii, \vc?-('ciirrl('il olT and llunu'inlodiiii^^coim
mill tortiiii'd (III lliry yielded iintlieir weidtli. No
>f liiiMtlier I'ictiire of II nation's nilMcry lias ever been
|)ainled. . . . "They lianp'd ii|) men by llieii' feel
and smoked them with foul smoke. Some were
lumped ii|) hy their Ihiimlis, others by the head,
and iiurnini: IhinLrs were hiinj; on to their feel.
Thev pill kiiolled strin^^s iilioiit men's heads, and
■wrillied them till they went lo 'he brain. They
put men into |)risons where adders and snakes
and loads were erawliiiK, and so Ihey Inrmented
them. Some Ihey Jint into a chest, sliorl and
narrow, and nol deep, and thai had sharp stones
Avithin, iind forced men therein so that Ihey broke
all Iheh' liialis,"— llisT. ok K\(i. 1'|';()IM,i;, ^ l:ii».
a 1.17. GOVERNMENT, A itrong. CronnrdfK.
While he lived his power stood linn, an object
of miiiLi'leil aversion, admiriilion, and dread to
his subjects. Few, indeed, loved his ;;overn-
ment ; but lliose wiio haled il most haled it less
than Ihey feared il. Had il been ii worsi; frov-
ernmeiit, it iniLrht, perhaps, have been over-
thrown in spile of nil its streiiii'lh. Mad it been
a weaker liovernmenl, it would c.'rtainly have
been overllirown in s|)ile of all ils merils. Hut
il had moilcralion enoiii;!! lo absiain from thosi!
oppressions which drive men mad ; and il had a
force and eneru:y which none but men driven
mad by oppression would venture to encounter.
— Ma( Ai i.Av's Kn(i., ch. 1, p. i;ii>.
^\!iH. GOVERNMENT, Succession in. Amer-
iciiii Iiiiliiiiix. The succession (le|)endcd on birth,
and was inheriled Ihrouifh tlu' female line.
Even amon.i' the Narraiiansells, lh(( colleauiio of
Canoniciis was liis nephew. This rule of descent,
wliich s|)runi; from the ireneral licentiousness,
and was known throui;hout various families of
tribes, was widely observed. — Uanciioft'h L'. 8.,
vol. W. cli. 23.
a.|5ft. GOVERNMENT, Triiles in. Time of the
Jicroliitiii/i. Durin;; twenty years the chief em-
l)l()yment of busy and iiifxenious men had been
to frame consliliitions willi tirst mai^ist rates,
without tirsi ina^islrates, witli hereditary senates,
with senates appointed by lot, with annual sen-
fltes, wilh ])erpelual .senates. In these plans
iiothiiiic was omitted. All the detail, all the .lo-
inenclature, all the ceremonial of the innifjjinary
f,a)vernnienl was fully set forth, Poleiuarchs anil
riiylarchs, Trilx'sand Gala.xies, the Lord Arclion
and the Lord Strategus ; which ballot-bo.xes
were to be jin^en and which red ; which balls
were to be of gold and which of silver ; which
magistrates were lo wear hats and which black
velvet caps wilh peaks ; how the mace was to l)e
curried, and when the heralds were to uncover
^-these and a liundred more such trifles were
gravely considered and arranged bv men of no
common c.'ipacity and learning. — ^^Lvcai^i.ay's
ExG., ch. Ii, ]). 878.
2460. GOVERNMENT, Unfitted for. nirfuird
I. Richard I., surnamed Cceurde Li(m, had all
those (pialitics wliich gain the admiration of a
romantic age, but few that could conduce to the
happiness of his subjects or command the appro-
bation of posterity. The whole of his reign was
a tale of romance, intrepid valor, imprudence,
and misfortune. AH Europe was at that time
infected with the enthusiasm of the holy wars,
and Richard, immediately upon Ins accession,
prepared to signalize himself in an expedition to
Palestine, which IiIh coniciencc, or rather hiM
roinanlic turn of mind, represented to him iiHtiiu
oidy Held of real glory for a ('hristlan princo.
Lllile regardful of the Inti'rests of his people,
he raised an immense sum of money, by all tht)
various methods of arbitrary eid'orceinent, and
forming a league wilh I'hilip Augustus, King of
France, who possessed somewliiil of hisowndls-
po.^ilion.lliough wilh less generosity, I he I wo sov-
ereigns agreed lo join Iheir forces in an cx|H'dl-
lion iiLrainst the inlldcls.— Tvti.kii'h Hist., Hook
(1, ch. S, p. III.
a 101. GOVERNMENT, Venal. Fonvlnnth Vnv-
h'diiii III. A.I). IT74. E.\cess had impoverished
many even of the heirs of the largest estates,
and lords as well as commoners olTcred them-
selves at market ; so that "if America," said
I IJi'iijaminl Franklin, " would save for three or
four years the money she spends in the fash-
ions and lincries and fopperies of lliis country,
she might buy the whole I'arliainenl, ministry
and all. |This was the Parliament lo which the
Colli inenlal Coimrcss appealed.] — UancHokt's
f. S., vol. 7, ch. H(.
3't«il. GOVERNMENT, Weakness of, Uomit)!.
Cicero. . . (old Caliliim that under the powers
whicli the Senate had conferred on him he might
order his instant e.xecution. H«! detailed Cali-
line's j)ast enormities, which he had forgolU'ii
w hen lie sought his friendship, and lie ended in
bitlding liim leave the city, go and join Manlius
and his arniv. iS'ever had Cicero Ixcn greater,
and never did oratory end in a more absurd con-
clusion, lie tiared not arrest Caliiinr. llec(,n-
fessed thai he dared not. There wiis m<>i a doulit
that Catiline was medilaling a revobiiion — but
a revolution was precisely what half llie world
was wisliii.g for. Itighlly read, tho.se sounding
paragraphs, tlio.se moral denunciations, those
apjieals lo history and jjatriotlc sentiment, wcro
the funeral knell of the Roman Commonwealth.
— FiK)i;ui;'s C.ksah, ch. IL
2463. GRADUATION, Dishonorable. ITiigh
jAfillii: He was becoming a big, wild, insubor-
dinate bov. . . . After a .severe tight and wrest-
ling-iualcli wilh his schoolmaster, he left .school
I smarting under his defeat]. — SxilLKs' liiuj;K
RioouAi'iiiKs, )). yi.
a4«.|. GRATITUDE expressed. Cfiarlca IF.
Richard Penderel, Charles introduced to his
Court, .saying, " The simplest rustic who serves
his sovereign in the lime of need to the utmost
extent of his ability is as deserving of our com-
mendation as the victorious leader of thousands.
Friend Richard," continued the king, "I am
glad to .see thee; thou wert my pre.server and
conductor, the bright .star that .showed mo to my
Bethlehem, for which kindness I will engrave
thy memory on the tablet of a faithful heart,"
Turning tothe lords, the king .said, "My lords,
I pray you respect this good man for my sake.
Ma.ster' Richard, be bold and tell these lords
what pa.s.sed among us when I had quitted the
oak at Boscobel to reach Pit Leason." [When
Charles had been defeateci he was aided in mak-
ing his escape to France by Penderel.] — Hood's
Cko.mwell, ch, 13, p. 174.
3465. . Samnel Johnson. Amid
this cold obscurity, there was one brilliant cir-
cumstance to cheer Inm — he was well acquaint-
OUATrnDK— C}|{KATNF>M.
2'J3
<m1 with Mr. Henry Ilrrvcy. . . . Notion^ 'Hl'nri'
Ills (Itatli . . . lie (U'wrilii'd IiIh curly friiiiil,
" Hurry Hrrvcy," tliUH ; " lin v.iihii vUioiisinKii.
liiit very kintl to me. If yoii cull u ilo^j; Hcrvcy
I will luvc llllll." — lloHWKI.I.M .IdllNHON, p. '^\.
tllOU. GRATITUDE, Improvident. Oliiur
(hiUlKinith. Me iiilciidcd In prDcccil lo ParNuiiil
piirHiii' his nIikIIcs linc(ll<al| liicrc, iiiid wns fur
nislicd l)v Ids friend with inmicy lui- the joiirm y.
I'ldiickiiy, he ruinlilcd Into the pirden nf u lliir
IM JuHt licfore (luiMini; I.evdcii. Tiie tulip inuidu
WUM still prevulent in llollund, und sonic species
of thul, splc'idid llowcr hroiiKht. Mnincnse i)riccs.
In wunderin^' lhroui;h the ptrdcn Ooldstnith rcc
olh'ctcd thut his I'ncle Conturlnc wiis u tulip-
fancier. 'I'he thouj^lit Huddeidy struck him thut
Jiere wus an opportuidtv of Icstifyin;;, in a dell-
vwW inatuicr, Ids sense d' that generous uncle's
past kindnesses. In an instant, his hand was In
ills |)ockel ; u iniinlierof choic<;iuid costly tuilp-
rooLs were- i)iircha.sed and packed up for Mr.
Contarine ; and it was not luitll he had paid for
thein that he hethoufrldhiinsclf thai he had spent
(ill the money liorrow<'d for his traveliinv; v\-
|)cnses. Too proud, however, to^iveup his jour-
iiev, and too sliamcfaiM'd toniakc^ another appeal
to his friend's liheralily, ho dc'terndned to travel
on foot, and d(q)end upon chance and ^^xxl-luck
for tlu! means of gettin;j; forward ; and it is said
that he actually setoff on a tour of the Continent,
in February, 17r)r), with hut one sparu shirt,
II (lute, und a Hinglu guinea. — Iuvinu's Oolu-
BMiTii, ch. 4, p. 47.
94«7. GRAVE, Posieiiion of. HKi-old IT.
IWhen William of Normandy invaded Kn^^dand
larold II., Kin^'of the Angio-Sa.xons, ii\et Tos-
tig, his own lirothcr, who liadc<mie to aid Will-
iam.] Harold would have nci^otiatcd with his
brother ; but wh -n Tostig asked what the king
of Norway should have, the Sa.xon answered,
"Seven feet of earth for a grave." a.d. 1000.
— Knkmit's Kn(i., vol. 1, ch. 18, p. IHO.
a.|«N. GRAVITY by Discipline. CoiiHtantiiiH.
From Milan to Home . . . he approached with-
in forty miles of the city ; the march of a prince
who had never vaiuiuished a foreign enemy as-
sumed the appearance of a triumphal procession.
His splendid train was comiioscd of all the- min-
isters of luxury ; but in a time of i)rofound
l)eaco h(^ was enc()in[)assed by the glittering
arms of the mimerous .sipiadrons of his guards
and cuini.ssiers. . . . Constant ius sat alone in a
lofty car, resplendent with gold and i)recious
gems; and except when he bowed his head to
pass under tho gates of i\w cities, he affected a
.stately demeanor of inflexible, and, as it might
seem, of insensible gravity. The severe di.scl-
pline of the Persian youth had been introduced
by the eunuchs into the Imperial i)alace ; and
such were tlie habits of patience which they had
inculcated, that during a slow and sidtry march
lie was never .seen to move his hand toward his
face, or to turn his eyes either to the right or to
the left.— Gihbon's Ro.mk, ch. 19, p. 217.
3460. GREATNESS, Blot on. Bryden. Dry-
den was r jor and impatient of poverty. He knew
little and cared little about religion. If any sen-
timent was deeply fixed in him, that sentiment
was an aversion to priests of all persuasions. . . .
Finding that if he coutiniied to call himself a
Protestant his services would be overlooked, he
d«'clared hiiUHelf a pa|)ist. The king's (.lames IF)
purNimony iiiNiuiilly relaxed. Dryden wusgrali
lied with a pension of I'lIM) a year, and was em-
ployed to defend his new religion bnihin prosit
and In verse. . . . 'i'here will always be a strong
presumption against the Hlnceriiy of a conver-
sion by which the convirt Is a direct gainer, —
.M.\c.\'n,AV'« Kno., ch. 7, p. IKI.
•J'irO. GREATNESS burdeniome. OUnr Croui-
mil. IWhen Cromwell wiis in the height of Ids
success as I'rolector of I'lnglund. he wa:' ap-
prehensive for the safety of Ids life. His aged
mother at the sound ot a musket would often
be afraid her son Vas shot, and co.ild not be sat-
isfied unless she saw him once a day ut leust. In
a burst of disupiiointment undd the conten-
tions around him he said, " I had rather keep a
Mock of sheep."! — IvMon t'h E.no., vol. 4, ch. 12,
p. IHH.
tlJTI. GREATNESS, Buried. Ah.rntuhr the
(Iniif. Finding the tondi of Cyrus broken open,
he put the author of that sacrilege to death,
though a native of I'ella, and a person of sonu)
distinction. His name wus I'olymuchus. After
he hud read the epitaph, which was in the Per-
sian language, he ordered it to be inscribed also
in (Jrc.'k. It was as follows ; " () m.vn I wiioho-
KVI';il TIIOU AIIT, AND W lll'.NHOKVI'.U TllOir COM-
KHT(K()lt COMI", I K.NOW TIIOIT WII.T), I AM CV-
llt'S, TIIK KH'NI)i:il OK TIIK I'l'.llHIA.N K.MI'IIIK;
KNVV MK NOT Till'. I.ITTI.I', KAItTII THAT COV-
khs mv iioDY." Alexander was much atfected
at these words, which placed before him in so
strong a light the uncertuiiily und vicissitude of
things. — I'mtmicm's .\i,i;xam)i:i{.
aira. greatness by contrast. (7i<ir!n,iin/ntf.
The appellation i>{ f/init has been often bestow-
ed, and sonu^times deserved ; but Charlemugni >.s
the oidy prince in whose favor the title has been
indissolubly blended witli thi' name. 'I'bat name,
with the addition of miint, is inserted in the Uo-
niun calendar; and the suint, liya rare felicity,
is crowned with the pridsesof the hisloi'ians and
])hilosophers of an enlightened age. His raif,
merit is doubtless enhanced by the barbarism of
the nation and the times from which he emerged ;
but the iijiiKin lit magnitude of an object is like-
wise enlargc<l by an une(|ual comparison ; and
the ridns of Palmyra derive a casual splendor
from the nakedness of the surrounding desert.
— (iIIIiion's HoMi:, ch. ilK, p. 44.
2'irtl. greatness, Downfall of. CiAumhus.
[Bobaililla hail jnit him in irons on the accusa-
tion of adventurers.] So violently had he been
treated, and so savage were the passions let loose
against 1dm, that he feared he should be sacri-
ficed without an opportuiuty of being heard,
and his name go down sullied and dishonored to
posterity. When he beheld the otHcer enter with
the guard, he thought it was to conduct him to
the scaffold. " Villojo," .sjiid he, mournfully,
" whither arc you taking me ': " " To the ship,
your Excellency, to emt)ark," replied the other.
" To embark !" rejjeated the admiral, earnestly ;
" Villejo, do j'ou speak the truth ?" " By the
life of your Excellenrv," replied the honest offi-
cer, "it is true !" With these words the admiral
was comforted, and felt as one restored from
death to life. Nothing can be more touching
and expressive than tliis little colloquy.— Irv-
ing's Columbus, Book 13, ch. 7.
^1
804
OUKATNKHH.
I
ll
UJTI.OREATNESa.DrMmof. Croimnll. <)l
Ivcr liinisclf " oficn nvrri'dl, wlicri lie wan at
till' lu'iclil lit' IiIm ^lorv," that, mi a (crlaiii
ni^rlit, in \\U rliililliDiiil, III' "Maw a Ki^'aiilic
fl^'iirr, wliirh caiiir ami iipcnrii llic ciirlaiiis
«if IiIm Ik'iI, Mini lull! him tlinl lie slioillii lie tllc
^'rrutr^'t pi'i'Moii ill lli)'kiiii;<liiiii, lull did iKii iiicii'
lion till' wiiiil kin;/; and," (•(uiliniK'H llic rt'Vrr-
I'liil niii'i'iitiir, " lliniii;li III' was told of llir tolly
iiH wi'll an w IcknlncMM nt' Murli an aHHcriion, lie
IMTHlsicd in il ; I'lir wliii'li lie was IIo^'k<'<I '•>'
>r. licai'd, Ml till' pMi'ticiilai' di'siii' uf his lalliiT ;
liiitwithstMnilln',; which, he wuiild .soiiii'tiiiii's rc-
]i('at It til Ids I nrli' Sli'wart, wliii tiild him it
was liaitoiuns to rtlatr it. — lluou'tt C'uoMWKi.l.,
I'h. :.', p. ;il.
il'l75. GREATNESS, End of. S„li,<lin. TIk^
Turks and (liristiaiis in I'lilrstint' wi'tc. In the
mean lime, mulually I'Xtt'rminaliiiic and dcHtroy-
iiij; laili other, wlii'n a ni'w ('haiaclcr appeared
on the stMue, who, in all respeets, was one ol'the
l^reatest men who have adorned the annals of
the world ; this was Haladin, the nephew of Nou-
reddin, the Hiiltan of Ki^ypt. In a very short
Himie of time he had overrun Syria, Araliia, I'er-
Hia, and .Mesopotamia, and now formed the de-
»ij;n of the eoniiuest of .lerusalem, then under
the dominion of the Christian prince, (iiiv of
IiUsi>:iian. . . . [He was defeatiul liy Uienard
the Lion. | Soon after died llui illustrious Salii-
(lin, leavini; hehind him the character not only
of one of tlie most heroic, hut of one of the best
of jirinces. In his last illness, instead of the im-
perial ensiirns which used to adorn tlie pites of
Ills palace, he ordered a windin;;-slu'ct toheliuiif^
iij), while a slave proclaimed, with a loud voice,
" This is all that Saladin, the conciueror of tlu;
Kast, has olitained by his victories !" 1I(! be-
queathed by his last will a larj^e sum of money
to be distriiiuted equally among the jioor, wlieMi.
j'r they were .Mohammedans, ('hristians, or.Jitws,
intending, as Voltaire well remarks, to teiuh, by
his beijuest, that all men are brethren, and that
when we assist them wo ought rot to iniiuiro
what they luiicvr, but what \\w\ feel. This great
Erince died in the year 110.').— Tytleks lliax.,
ookO, ch. », p. 103.
3476. OBEATNESS, Fictitious. Alfomo (V Al-
buquerque. Three hundred and fifty years ago
it was as familiar and famous as the names
of Napoleon, Wellington, and Washington now
a:e. He was generally spoken of as the fireat
"Miquerque ; .sometimes as the " Mars of Portu-
. and to tins day the Portuguese regard him
ilie greatest man of their greatest age. He
was certainly one of the most .successful of con-
querors, ancl e.\(!elle(l all the commanders of his
time, e.\ce]>t Pizarro and C'orlez, in battering
down other peojile's towns, and carrying olT their
gold, silver, and diamonds. On one occasion,
we are told, his booty amounted to a sum equal,
in greenbacks of to-day, to 1100,000,000 ; but no
historian has taken the'troublc to inform ns what
olTence the people of Malacca liad conunitted,
that they should be sid)jected to this heavy tine.
At that day all Christians apjwar to have
iK'en fully convinced that the heathen had no
rights which Christiani were bound to respect.
— Cyclopedia ok Bioo., p. 311.
3477. OBEATNESS of Goodness. Como de'
Medici. Perhaps there never was a family which
lieNcrvedlM'tte-of mankind tliiin thilt of tlie Mi'<l<
ill. Cosmo de' Medici, who wax liorn in liiii
year l!Wl>, lived as a |>rivate citi/ ri of Florence,
wllhoiit courting rank or titles, though the weallli
which he had inquired by rommirce might havo
niiHed him toa level with ilie most powerful of tliu
European princes. The use he made of his
riches Was to relieve the 1 r, to perform tliii
most splendid mis of pulilie inunitleeiice, to
embellish and In rellne his country, and to
promote the cultlvalion of the Hcleiices and
tine arts, by inviling to Ploreiice from every
quarter men eminent for their learning and
laleiits. He died dislingulshed by no diadems
nor splendid epithets of honor, but known by
that most honorable of human lilies, the Fiilher
oJ'/u'm (Jountru. — TvTl.Kii'rt Hikt., Hook <l, eh. l!i,
p. 314.
!I'I7M. GBEATNE8S Impoiiible. I<ynuee inider
('/larles /.Y. The colony of the HuguenotM at
the south sprung from iirivate enterprise ; a gov-
ernment which could devise the massacre of Ht.
Hartholomi'w was neither worthy nor able to
found new States.— Hanchokt'h Hist. okU. S.,
<h. 1.
il'l7ft. OBEATNESS, Multiplex. Jnliiiit Ctrmr.
I/ord H} roll wrote : " It is possible to be a very
great man, and to be still very inferior to Jnliu.s
('a'sar, the most complete character, so Lord
Hiieon thought, of all antiquity. Nature seems
incapable of such extraordinary combinations an
composed his versatile capacity, which was the
wonder even of the Homans theins«'lves. Tho
first general ; the only triumphant ])oliti('ian ; in-
ferior to none in jiointof eloouepce ; (.'omparablo
to any in the attainments of wisdom, in an ago
madi; up of the greatest commanders, statesinen,
orators, and iihilosophers, that ever appeared
in the world ; an author who conqio.sed a perfect
specimen of military annals in his travelling car-
riage ; at one time in a controversy with Cato,
at another writing a treatise on ]iunning, and
collecting a set of good sayings ; fighting and
making lov(! at the same moment, and willing to
abandon both his em|)ire and hi» nustrcAS for
a si^dit of the fountains of the Nile. Much did
.Julius Ca'sar appear to his contemporaries, and
to tliose of the subseiiuent ages wlio were tho
most inclined to deplore and execrate his futftl
genius." — Notk in Oihuon, vol. 1.
«-i80. OBEATNESS, Patriotic. Cromwel I.
Some liave compared him with Najioleon — Na-
poleon I. — to his disadvantage. Jhit wo shall
soon see the justice of that criticism which finds
the greatness of Nai)()leon rather in that he did
his work on stilts ; he performed his work in ii
large, ambitious manner, and .strode to and fro
in self-conscious exaggeration before the eyes of
Europe. Cromwell performed his work on our
own island, but he did not leave it. He humbled
the ])roud emj)ire8 of Europe by a glance. It
took battles to raise him.self to liis place of Pro-
tector, but he became the Dictator of Europe by
the magnetism of a great intelligence. From his
council-chamber in Whitehall ho dictated his
own terms. Always Itl it be romemliered that
Napoleon L , in order to retain his power, directed
all the energies of his country away from any,
even the slightest, attempt at uome.stic reform of
his own land, where reforms of every kind were
so much needed ; and he decimated the unhappy
(MtKATNKSH-OUoVKH,
«05
fX'opli' of III* own liiml liy ciiihroiliiiK' tlnni In
wiirH with every niitloii lit Kiir(i|M< ; In- kimlliil
tilt* ('i)rilliiftriillons uf iiiitrtlnl Klorv, itiid ritrric<l
every wlicre the lmiiiier>4 mid eiijfles (if ('iiri<|iieHt,
ill order tliiit lie inlvflil du//.ii! Iiy the t'uiiie of his
ureut tiilliliiry dleliitiirs|il|>. 'fit mir liidiKiniiil
liuiniiiilly NuiHileiiii looks like u poor, m'Ifex-
Hir^^eriitiii^ elilld, eoiilruHled wllli the liiriiier of
Hi. Ives. Muiimluy well iiolntsoiit how ^rt'i'l'V
it would hiive heel) to the (iiterestsof CrolllwellM
itniitltioii to h.ive pluiiu:ed his coniiiry Into ii
V;>'eut i'liiropeiiii war, mid how fertile wi're the
(K'easioiis for siieli ii wiir ! And hiid he eoiistl
tilted hiniself the iirined IIS he wiis the peaceful
protector of I'rotestanllsin In lliirope, like
miother Oiistiiviis Adolphiis, how prompt at his
<'all for such II cause would have leaped up Hint
inl^fhly iiriiiy of which he was the chief, and
which had regarded his voice, through so many
well foii;;ht fields, as the very voice of the l^ord
of lIoNts speaking to men. lie had no such am
liitlon ; (nily to serve his country as hest he
could, and i'rotestantisin always, in all peaceful
Hlncerity. — IIood'hCuomwki.i,, eh. 14, p. \M.
illMl. GREATNESS, Proof of. /{of„rt Iliirns.
Great iiieii. >freat events, jrn.ui epochs, it has been
«aid, ffi'ow as we recede from them ; and the
rate at whiih they grow In the estimation of
men is in some .sort a measure of their greatness.
Tried hy tills standard, ihiriis iiiuhI he great in
(hred ; lor during tlio eiglity years that have
jiassed since his death men's interest in lli(> man
iiimself and their estimate of his genius have
lieen steadily increasing. Kach decade .since he
(lied has produced at least two liiographies of
him. — Sii.Miii'H MiMiNrt, eh. 1,
iilMil. GREATNESS recognized. RirhiUiu. Al-
though it was by no means intended to liesiow
on Uichelieii tlie tlrst place in the administra-
tion, he had not been sl.\ inontlis in otllce before
Ids Hiiprenmcy was fully understood and recog-
lu/.ed by the king, the council, the court, and
tlie whole nation. Kvery departmi'iit of the
i)id)li(; service soon felt the irresistible energy of
Iii.s character, and his ((.xtraordinary capacity for
the great task of gcjvernnient. — Stl'UKMTm'
Fit.VNrK, ch. 1», t5 T).
a4S3. GREATNESS, Threefold. Frnnm T.
" Tliree of this inonareli's deeds," says Marsiial
Tavannes, "have justly procured for him the
title of Great : the victory of Marigniino, tho res-
toration of letters, and liis single-liaiuU'd resist-
ance to the condiined powers of Europe." —
8tui)ents' Fu.vnck, ch. 14, s; 16.
34§<l. GREATNESS with Vice. ILtnnihol. His
l)oldne.ss in undertaking a perilous enterprise was
Oipialled by liis pnulenee in conducting it.
His 9tren;;tl), neither of body nor mind, wasever
seen to yield to the .severest labor. Insensible
alike to heat or cold, his food ami drink were
limited to th(! necessities of nature, never in-
dulged to gratification. All hours of the day or
night were to him alike, whether for duty orre-
po.se ; what could be siiared from the former was
given to the latter ; no api)liances were wanted
— no soft couch or silent retirement. Often
wa.s lie seen, amid the bustle of a military post,
Biuitching a brief repose on the bare ground, his
cloak his only covering, lie aU'ected no supe-
riority of dress ; valuing himself only on his arms
and on his horses ; him.self the hardiest foot-
Mildler mid the inoNt gallant horseman ; Die tln«t
to rush Into combat, the last to i|ull tlie Held.
Vet were these high <|ualltles coii derailed liy
eiiormouN vices, by the inost inliuinan cruelly,
by worse than I'linle perlldv, by the utter dlxre-
gard of truth and of everytliing Niicred— owiiiti)(
no fear of heaven, and legardless alike of prom-
ises and oatlis.— TvTI.KltH llisr.. Hook :i, (Ii. U,
p. 'iVi.
4INA. GREATNESS by Wlidom. AU.mmirr.
AIhivc twenty other cilics bearing the nmiie of
Alexandrlii were reared in the (oiirse of Alex-
ander's variiais expeditions. || is such workMiiH
these which Justly entitle the Macedonian to tlin
epithet of (ln,it. \\y the cities whh h he biilll,'
by rearing In llie midst of deserts those niirserieri
oi' popiilalioii and of industry, Ik reiiaired Hits
Waste and havoc of lilsconi|>iestM. Without tlioso
monuments of his real glory, nosterlty iiiight
have agreed In bestowing on liiiii an e|iitliel
synonymous to that by w lilcli Ik; is yet known
among the bramins of India — Ihe tuiijhtij Mur-
</(/v7'.— Tyti.i;ii'h IIiMT., Hook !«', ch. 4, p. 18<l.
!l 110. GRIEF, Conjttgftl. Thotm* J,
liffi'rm>u.
aiieeting
One of her children has given a most
account of her last moments, and of .lelTerson's
grief at her death. " For four months," mIio
says, " he was never out of calling ; when not lit
lii'r bedside, he was writing In a Hiiiall room
which opened (lose at the head of her ImmI. A
inoinenl before the closing scene he was led from
the room almost in a state of lii.sensibil''y by IiIh
sister, who, with great dltlictilty, got him into
his library, where he fainted, and remained so
long insensible Ilia* they feared he never would
revive. The scene that followed I did not wit-
ness ; but the violence of his emotion, when
almost by .steiillh I entered his room at night, to
this day I dare not trust myself to describe. Ho
kept Ills room three weeks, and I was never a
moment from his side. He walked almost in-
ces.santly, night atid day, only lying down occa-
sionally, when nature was conii)letely exhausted,
on a ])allet that had been brought in during his
long fainting tit. When at last he left hi.s room,
he rode out, and from that tinu* he was luces-
.santly on horseback, rambling about the moun-
tain in the least fre(|Ueiited roads, and just a.s
often through the woods." — Cvci.oi'KUIA of
Bioo., p. "i'iT).
34H7. GRIEF, Fatal. Aiiii.ro\rffi. Artaxerxe.'i
.soon after died of a broken heart. Darius, his
eldest son, together with fifty of his natural
brothers, had conspired against their father, but
their designs were defeated, and they were all
put to death. Oclius, the third of his lawful
.sons, succeeded him This monster had made
his way to tlu^ throne by murdering his elder
brother, and to secure his jwi.s.session he mur-
dered all that remained of liis kindreil. — Tvt-
i.i: It's Hist., IJook 2, eh. 3, p. 108.
a4S8. GRIEF, Public. Jcriimlcm taken. In
lly? Jerusalem was surrendered to Saladin. Then
went forth deep laineulation tliroughout Europe.
A jwpe died of grief. A king wore .sackcloth.
Other sovereigns trcndiled for the .safety of their
own po,ssessions. — IvNiuur'a Exa., vol. 1, ch. 21,
p. 304.
9489. GROVES, Worship In. Ancienta. Tho
only temples iu Germany were dark aud uncicut
296
OUUMBLINO— GUILT.
provi's, conscrnitod by tlic rcvon'tiro of siiroccd-
i HIT grncnit ions. Thrir secret ,t;looni, the iinii,4-
iiied resldeiict' of (in iiivisilile jiower, liy preHeiil-
iiif^ no distinct. oi)ject of feiir or worsliip, iiii-
j>r('ssed tiic mind with ii still dceiuT sen.-e of
reiij^ioiis iiorror ; mihI tlu^ ))riests, rude and iljit-
eriile as they were, had l)een lauitiit by experit-nco
the vise of every artifice that could preserve and
fortify impressions so well suited to llejir own
interest. — (Jihhon's itoMH, ch. U, p. 2T0.
tl'lfN>. GRUMBLING over Failures. X,Ii*on.
[Uv. missci; ilie Fn-neli llee' carryin!,' Honaparte
to Egypt; when ho relurntnl vo Sicily to refurnish,
there was gi-eat complaint, in England.] Jour-
nalists talked of naval nusni,inag"ment and of
worn-out cai)tains who we.-e hanging about
the Admiralty asking for employ ; marvolled at
the rashne's ol Lord St. Vincent [aihniral) in
sending so young a coimiandor n\t(m so great
im enterprise. — 1'Cnigiit'b Eno., vol. 7, ch. !J<>,
p. ar).^.
11491. GUARD, Ingigrnlflcant. Corfrz. Vela.s-
quez, the governor of Cuba, jealous of that suc-
cess which lie was informed had attcuidcd tlu;
Spanish arms in Mexico, sent iin army of 800
men to suiiersede Cortez, and to assume the gov-
ernment of the country. This intix-pid man,
leaving his concjuest-s to be sccuitxl by foiirscore
of his .soldiers, attacked wHh the rest of his
troops the army of Ye''vsquez, defeated them,
and forced them to submit to his command lus
their genenU. At his return to ]\Iexico lie
found his Spanianls besiege*! in their quarters.
The Mexicans had attempted to set at liberty their
captive monarch, and on the sijht of the Spanish
army pouring down upon them in immense
juimbfjrs they attacked them with the most des-
perate fury. A horrible carnage ensued, which
Mor'"zuma himself endeavore<i ^o put a stop to
by ollering himself a mediator l)etween the
Spaniards and the Americans. The pusillanim-
ity of this propo.sal struck his own .subjects with
the highest indignation, and an enniged Mexican
pierced him to the heart with a javelin. — Tyt-
LEKS Hist., Book 6, ch. 21, p. 310.
3-192. GUIDE, The unseen. Constant i n c's.
Writers describe the nocturnal vision which ap-
peared to the fancy of Con.sbmtiue as he .slept
within the walls of Byzantium. The tutelar
genius of iiie city, a venerable matron sinking
xinder ^hc weight of jyears and inlirmities, vnin
suddenly transformed into a blooming maid
whom his own hands adorne<l with all the sym-
bols of Imperial greatness. The monarch awoke,
intcrprettHi the auspicious omen, and obeyed,
■without hesit4itlon, the will of Heaven. The
tlay w'dch gjive birth to a city or colonj'^ Avas
celebrated by the Romans with such ceremonies
as had been oniained by a generous superstition ;
and though Constantine might omit soni'o rites
which savored too strongly of their Pa^'an ori-
gin, yet he was anxious to leave a deep Impres-
sion of hope and respect on the minds of the
spectators. On foot, with a lance in his hand,
the emperor himself led the solemn procession,
and directed the line, "■ hich was traced as the
boundary of the destined capital, till the grow-
ing circumference was observed with astonish-
ment by the assistants, who at length ventured
to observe that he had already exceeded the
most ample measure of a great city. " I shall
still advance," replied Constanline, "till He, the
invisible- guide who inarches before me, thinks
projx'r tost()]i." Without presuming to inves-
tigate the nature or motives of this extraordinary
conductor, wc; shall content ourHclves with the
more humble task of describing the extent ami
limits of Constaniinople. — CJiiiitoN'sHo.MK.ch.lT,
p. ».').
aJ9». GUIDES, Blind, nihliral. A learned
Oriental, having Ik'cu to visit the libraiy of a
French coi-veiit, writes thus to his friend in Per-
sia concerning what had pa.s.sed : " Father,"
said I to the librarian, "what arc these huge
volumes which fill the whole side of the library?"
" Tlu'se," said he, "are the interpreters of the
Scriptures." "There is a imuligious number
of them," replied I ; " the Scriptures must have
been vei-y dark formerly, and l)e very clear at
present. Do there remain .still any doubts ?
Are there now any jioints contested V" "Are
there 1" answered he with surpri.se — " are there !
There are almost as many as there are lines."
"You astonish me," said I; 'what then have
all these authors been doing?" "The.se au-
thors," returned he, "never searched the Script-
ures for what ought to be believed, but for
what they did believe themselves. They did
not consider them as a book wherein were .con-
tained the doctrines which they ought to receive,
but as a work which might be made It) author-
ize their own ideas."
2494. GUILDS, Eatablishment of. Tirr'/th Cen-
tiiri/. In all of the trading ct)nimiinities there
were .stringent r<>irulations for buying .•iiid selling,
enforced by the universal machinery of guilds.
This organization was as complete as that of
the milita } .system of feudality ; and as the lord
controlled his tenant and received his feaity,
the tenant commanded his socman, end the
socman his serf, so the chief of a guild niled
over his company, and his company over their
apprentices, and their aitprentiees over their
servants. — Knight's Exo., vol. 1, ch. 2'2, p. '622.
3495. GUILT, Division of. As.w.<>»U(S. [By
the enemies of Mahomet.] His deuth was re-
.solved, and they agreed that a sword from each
tribe should be "buried in his heart, to divide the
guilt of his blood and battle the vengeance of
the Hashemites. An angt;! or a spy revealed
their conspiracy ; and flight was the onlj' re-
.source of Mahomet. At the dead of night, ac-
companied by his friend Abubeker, he silently
escajied from his house ; the assassins watched
at the door, but they were deceived by the tig-
ure of AH. who reposed on the bed, and was
coveretl with the green vestment of the apostle.
— GiuuoNS Home, ch. 50, p. 124.
2496. GUILT, Evidence of. S/idden Death.
[In 1053 Edward (III.) the Confessor was ban-
queting at Windsor.] At the king's banquet
sat Godwin [a poweiful Saxon noble], in the
house where his daughter was agsiin the queen.
Edward in a dispute hinted that the earl was ac-
cessory to the death of his brother Alfred. He
stood up to aver his innocence, and fell speech-
less to the earth. Other writers say that he in-
vokai Heaven to choke him by the bread which
he was alwut to swallow if that guilt was his ;
and tiiat he was choked.— Knight's Eng., vol.
1, ch. 13, p. 171.
HABIT— IIAIIt.
;i97
SI49r. HABIT, Power of. Cmlizntwn. [Tlu;
onrly Orooks were (•iiiiiiil)alH. ] Necessity only, in
the m<).st siiviif^t' nations, codld at first get tlie U't-
ter of the stronu'esl in.stinet ; hut that ono(! over-
come, a iialiit is soon a((|uire(l, and will not Ik'
laid aside as long a.s sulisislence remains in any
(lejrree precarious. — Tytlkk's iIi«T., Book 1,
chV 7, p. (iO.
9'I9>«. HABITS, Personal. John MilUm. His
hahit in early life had been to study into into the
night. After he lost his sight he changed his
hours, and retire<l to rest at nine. In summer he
rose at four, in winter at Hvc, and Ix-gan tlie day
■with having thellelirew Scriptures read to him.
" Tlien he contemplated. At .seven his man came
to him again, and then read to him and wrote
till dinner. The writing was as much as the rejwl-
ing" (Aubrey). Then he took exercis*.;, either
walking in the garden or swinging in a machine.
His only recreation, besides conversation, was
niusi<:. He played the organ and the bass-viol,
the organ most. Sometimes he would sing him-
self, or get his wife to sing to him, though she
had, he said, no ear, yet a good voice. Then he
went up to his study to be read to till si.x. After
six his friends were admitted to vi.sit him, and
would sit with him till eight. At eight lie went
down to supper, usually olives or some light
thing. He was very abstemious in his diet, hav-
ing to contend with a gouty diathesis. He was
not fastidious in his choice of meats, but content
with anything that was in season, or easy to be
procured. After suppinsj thus sparingly, he
smoked a pipe of tobacco, dnink a glass of water,
and then retired to bed. He was sparing in his
use of wine. His Samson, who in this as in other
things is Milton him.self, allays his tlui'st "from
the clear milky juice."— PattisonV Milton,
ch. 12.
3490. HAIR changed. Early Gray. [Timour
the Tartar is .sjiid to have been very beautiful in
])erson during his early life.] One thing alone,
according to the Tartar historians, contrasted
with this youthfulness and grace of his counte-
nance : it is the hair, which turned gray tipon his
head almost in the cradle. This phenomenon,
which recalled, sjiy his painters, th(! gray hair of
the popular hero of the Pei-sians, Sam, of whom
the exploits arc celebrated in the Shahnameh,
had contributed to draw upon tluivoung Timour
the attention and respect of the Tartars. Thej'
saw in it a sign of precocious maturity, indicat(>d
by heaven in that crown of wisdom on the brow
of a boy. They conceived it the augury of a con-
summate intellect , with a heroic heart. He prid-
ed himself on this disgrace of nature as a priv-
ilege of heaven. These white hairs on the cheeks
of twenty set off the lustre of his complexion,
and impressed a strange, but rather agnteable
than ungraceful, character upon his beauty. —
LaMARTINE's TUKKKY, p. 305.
3500. HAIB, Hanly. Cutting. As it was
then the custom for such as had arrive<l at man's
estate to go to Delphi to offer the first-fruits of
their hair to Apollo, Theseus, the legendary
founder of Attica, we.it thither, and the place
where this ceremoiiy is performed, from him, is
said to be yet called Thesea. He shaved, however,
only the fore part of his head, as Homer tells us
the Abantesdid ; and this kind of tonsure, on his
account, was called Theseis. The Abantes first
cut their hair in this manner, not in imitation of
the Arabians, as sonu! imagine, nor yet of the
Mysians, but iK'cause they wcri' a warlike peo-
ple, who loved close fightuig, and were more ex-
pert in it than any ether nation. 'I'IkiI lluy might
not, therefore, give advantage totliciirncmics by
their hair, they look care to cut it olf. .Vndw(>
are informed that Alexander of Macedon, having
made the same observi'tion, ordered his Mucedo-
nian troops to cut olf their beards, these luing a
ready handle in battle. — I'i.i;takch'h Livi;.s.
330I. HAIB, Pride in. Ronian Emju-ror Ju-
lian. His body was (M)ve; od with hair ; the use
of the razor was confiiie<l to his head idoiie • and
[hej celebrates, with visible compl'Mcncv, the
shaggy and populoun beard, which i (; i'ondly
clu'rished, after the example of the iihilosophers
of Greece. Had Jidian considted the sim])le dic-
tates of rea.son, the first magistrate of the Uonii;'m
would have .scorned the affectation of I)iiig<'nes,
as well as that of l)i;rius. — GiiuioNS Ho.mk,
ch. 23, p. 39B.
3503. HAIE, Princely. Long. The Franks,
whose monarchy was still confined to the neigh-
borlKKxl of the Lower l{hine, had wis* !y estab-
lished the right of hereditary succession in the
noble family of the Merovingians. These jirincea
were elevated on a buckler, the symlM)l of mil-
itary command ; and the royal fashion of long
hair was the en.sign of their birth and tlignity.
Their flaxen locks, which they combed and
dres.sed with singular care, hung down in llow-
ing ringlets on their back and shoulders, while
the rest of the nation were obliged, either by law
or cu.stom, to shave the hinder part of their head,
to com . their hair over the forehead, and to con-
tent themselves with the ornament of two small
whi.skers. — Giiujon's Home, ch. 34, p. 4'^8.
3503. HAIB ridiculed. " lloimdhcud." Of
theorgin of the latter, .Mrs. Hutchinson gives the
following account : " When Puritanism grew
into a faction, the zealots distinguished tliem-
•selves, both men and women, by several affec-
tions of habit, looks, and words, which, had it
been a real declension of vanity, and einhracing
of sobriety in all those things, had been most com
mendable in them. . . . Amoir; other affected
habits, few of the Puritans, what (k'gree soever
they were of, wore their hair long enough to
cover their ears ; and the ministers and many
others cut it close round their heads, with so
many little peaks, as was something ridiculous
to behold. From this custom of wearing their
hair, that name of ' Rouiulheiid' became the
scornful term given to the whole Parliament
party, whose army indeed marched out so, but
as if they had been sent out only till their hair
was grown. Two or three years afterward, how-
ever,' she continues (the custom, it may be pre-
sumed, having declined), "any stranger that had
seen them would have inquired the reason of that
name." — Hood's ('komwell, ch. 6, p. 98.
3504. HAIR, Uncombed. Ilarakl II. [Saxon
King of England. ] Legend told how one of its
many nders, Harald of Westfold, sent his men to
bring him Gytha of Hordaland, a girl he had
chosen for wife, and how Gytha sent his men
back again with taunts at his petty realm. The
taunts went home, and Harald vowed never to
clip or comb his hair till he had made all Norway
his own. So every spring-tide came war and
I
fi
11
;r
i ; )l
298
HAIR— HAPPINESS.
i
hoMtinj?, lmrryin;r and buriiini;, till ii great figbt
at Hafursliord m Itlcd the matter, and Harald
" Ugly-Head," a.s men called lum while the strife
lasted, was free to shear his locks again and be-
came ilarald " Fair-Hair." — Hist, ok Eno. Pko-
TLE, ii 77.
2505. HAIE, Use of, Spartans. They let their
liair, therefore, grow from their youth, but took
more particular cart;, when they expected an ac-
tion, to have it well comi)ed and shining, remem-
bering a saying of Lycurgus, that " a large head
of hair made the handsome more graceful and
the ugly more terrible." — Plutaucii's Lyclu-
OLS.
2506. HALLUCINATION, Realistic. Mirtin
Lutlur. In October, 1521, . . . he passed many a
day in melancholy and depression of spirits. At
.such times lie believed himself tormented of the
Evil One. . . . [He relates : ] "It was in the year
1521 that I wa. in Patinosat the Wartburg, alone
in my little room, no one being permitted to come
to me save two pa^es of honor, who brought me
food and drink. They had brought me a bag of
hazelnuts, of which I ate from time to time, and
which I locked up in a chest. One evening on
retiring I heard some one at the hazelnuts,
cracking one after another with force against the
rafters ; then the noise approached my bed, but
I cared little for that. After I had fallen asleej)
there begtui such a tumult in the stairway, as if
threescore barrels were being thrown down. I
arose, went to the stairs, and cried out, ' Art thou
here (meaning the P^vil One) V So be it ! ' I then
commended my soul to the Lord Jesus Christ,
of whom it is said . . . ' Thou hast put all things
inider his feet,' and retired to rest. For this is
the best method to e.xpel him (the devil) — despis-
ing him and calling upon Chri.st. That he cannot
endure." But finally, when Satan exceeded all
bounds, as the legend records, Luther threw his
inkstand at him, and he never returned again. —
Rein's Lutiiek, eh. 10, p. 97.
2507. HANDS, Fortune in. Omnr. Omar am-
nestied all the Arabs who, after the death of Ma-
homet, had hesitated in their faith. This amnesty
and the report of his triumphs led thousands of
Mu.ssulmans to flock beneath his banners. Amr,
chief of those insurgents, a warrior of colos.sal
stature and an arm of iron, brought him 2(X)0
combatants. "Whatpaydo.stthoua.sk?" said
Omar to him, joking, "since thou must by thy-
self be worth .several men." " A thousand dir-
hems for this," replied Amr, with his head upon
his left side ; "a thousand for this," added he,
striking upon the right side; "and in line, a
thou.sand for this," continued he, striking upon
his heart. " Very well," .said Omar, smiling, " I
assign thee three thousand dirhems." Then .sur-
veying him from the head to the feet and admir-
ing his gigantic height ; " Praise be to God, who
has created Amr ! " cried the Khalif . He sent him
to join the army then forming on the banks of
the Euphrates to attack Persia. — Lamaktine's
Tt'UKEY, p. 108.
2508. HANDS, Hundred. Vanqnishcd. ^EgiC-
on, a famous giant of antiquity, was the son of
Titan and Terra. He is described as having po.s-
sessed one hundred hands. He was vanquished
by Jupiter and loaded with chains. — Am. Cy-
clopedia, ".lEa^oN."
2509. HAND-SHAKING, Wearfneu of. Oen
ertil iinint. [When abroad he wa.s] asked if he
did not tire of .so much hand-shakmg. " Yes,"
said he, " I . . . think hand-shaking a great nui-
sance, and it should be abolished. In 1805 it wa.s
awful with me ; I thought I could hardly sur-
vive the task. It not only makes the right arm
sore, but it shocks the whole system, and unfits
a man from writing or attending toother duties.
It demoralizes the mitire nervous and mu.scular
system." — Tuavelsok General Ghant, p. 57.
2510. HANGING, Forecast of. Patriots. When
the members were signing the Declaration [of
Independence] Benjamin llarri.son, of Virginia,
an enormously cor|)uient man, looking at the
slender, withered form of Elbridge Gerry, of
Mas.sachusetts, said: "Gerry, when the hang-
ing conies, I .shall have the advantage ; you'll
kick in the air half an hour after it is all over
with me." It was about this time, too, that
Franklin achieved one of his celebrated witti-
cisms. " We must all hang together in this bus-
iness," said one of the members. " Ye.s," said
Franklin, "we must all hang together, or, most
assuredly, we shall all hang separately." — Cy-
clopedia OF Bigg., p. 349.
2511. HANGING, Public. Samuel Johmon.
He said to Sir William Scott : " The age is run-
ning mad after innovation ; and all the business
of the world is to be done in a new way ; men
are to be hanged in a new way ; Tyburn itself
is not .safe from the fury of innovation." It hav-
ing been argued that tins was an improvement —
' ' No, sir," said he, eagerly, " it is not an improve-
ment ; they object that the old method drew to-
gether a number of spectators. Sir, executions
are intended to draw spectators. If they do not
draw spectators, they don't answer their purpose.
The old method was most satisfactory to all par-
ties : the public was gratified by a procession,
the criminal was supported by it. Why is all
this to be swept away 't" — Bgswell's Johnson,
p. 488.
2512. HANGING a Remedy. Cromwell's. Ter-
rible also was the contest of Clonmell, before
which Cromwell sat down with the resolution of
lighting and of conquest. Many persons were
liere taken, and among them the celebrated fight-
ing Bishop of Ross, who was carried to a castle
kept by his own forces, and there hanged before
the walls, in sight of the garrison ; which so dis-
couraged them that they immediately surren-
dered to the Parliament's forces. This bishop
was used to say, " There was no way of curing
the English but by hanging them." — PIooD'a
Ckomwell, ch. 11, p. 143.
2513. HAPPINESS vs. Amusement. George
Story. He sought happiness in fioriculture and
angling, in cards and in drinking, without suc-
cess. He went to the Doncaster races, and says :
" As I passed through the company, dejected and
disappointed, it occurred to my mind, AVhat is
all this immense multitude assembled here for ?
To see a few horses gallop two or three times
around the course as if the devil was in them
and their riders ! Certainly we are all mad, we
are fit for Bedlam, if we imagine that the Al-
mighty made us to seek happiness in such sense-
less amusements. I was ashamed and confound-
ed, and determinetl never to be seen there any
HAPPINESS— HASTE.
299
more." [He l>cc:mi(ii fiiitlifiil minister.] — Stk-
VKNs' Methodism, vol. ;}, p. 240.
SiSII. HAPPINESS compared, SamuelJolin-
gou. I iiiciitioiicii Ilimie'.s notion, tlmt all wlio
are liapiiy are eijiially lia|)i)y : u little niLss with a
new gown at a ilancing-.scliool ball, a jieneral at
the head of ii vict(jri()us army, and an orator,
after havinjLC made an elocjuent .speech in u great
B8.sembly Joiinhon . " Sir, that all who are hap-
py arc efpially llappJ^ Is not true. A pea.sant and
a philosditlier may be equally satinfied, but not
equally Imppy. Happiness consists in the mul-
tipiieity of agreeable consciousness. A peasant
has not cajiacnty for having equal happiness
with a philosopher." — Boswell's Johksok,
p. 141.
SSL'S. HAPPINESS, Constructive. Samiiel
JohiiKon. Pound St. Paul's church into atoms,
and cousrider any single atom ; it is, to be sure,
good for nothing ; but put all the.se atoms to-
gether, and you have St. Paul's Church. So it
is with human felicity, which is made up of
many ingredients, each of which may be shown
to be very insigniticaut. — Boswkll's Johnson,
p. 121.
3516. HAPPINESS, Domestic. linrpi of James
II. [The Duke of Monmouth was banished at
the time of the coronation of .lames II., his rival
for the throne of England.] The prospect which
lay before Monmouth was not a bright one.
There was no probability that he would be re-
called from banishment. On the Continent his
life could no longer be j)assed amid the splendor
and festivity of a court. ... He retired to
Brussels, accompanied by Henrietta Wentwortli,
Baroness Wentworth, of Nettlcstede, a damsel of
high rank and ample fortune, who loved him
piissionately, who had sacrificed for his sake her
maiden honor and the hope of a splendid alli-
ance, who had followed him into exile, and
whom he believed to be his wife in the sight of
Heaven. Under the soothing influence of female
friendship his lacerated mind healed fast. He
seemed to have found happiness in obscurity and
repose, and to have forgotten that he had been
the ornament of a splendid court and the head
of a great party, that he had commanded armies,
and that he had aspired to a throne. — Macau-
lay's Eng., ch. 5, p. 496.
9517. HAPPINESS, Receipt for. Plnto'K. The
maxim of Plato is, that tbe man who would be
truly happy should not study to enlarge his es-
tate, but to contract his desires. For he who
does not restrain his avarice must forever be
poor. — Plutarch's Sertorius.
351§. HAPPINESS in Simplicity. Quakers.
When Peter, the great Russian reformer, attend-
ed in England a meeting of Quakers, tlie .semi-
Ixu-barous philanthropist could not but exclaim,
" How happy must be a community in.stituted
on their ]irin("iples !" " Beautiful !" said the phil-
osophic Frederick of Prussia, when a hundred
yciM's later he read the account of the govern-
ment of Pennsylvania ; " it is perfect, it it can
endure. " — B.vncroft's U. S., vol. 3, ch. 16.
2519. HARANGUE, Incessant. Bon a parte.
[When Lord Whitworlh was .sent as British am-
bassador to Bonaparte, in 1803, he asked an ex-
planation of French aggressions, made in viola-
tion of treaty agreement.] Bonaparte harangued
him for two hours, Lord Whitworth in vain try-
ing to ])ut in a word. — Knioht's Eno., vol. 7,
cli. 24, p. 420.
25il0. HARDSHIPS, Military, liomn)) Lirihn-
ariiH. Besides liicir arms, which tin; legionaries
scarcely considered as an encuinbran''e, they
were laden with their kitchen furniture, the
instruments of fortitication, and tla^ j)rovisioii
of many days. Under this weight, whieii
would oppress the de.ica'y of a moclern sol-
dier, they were trained iiy a regular step to
advance in ai)out six hours near twenty miles.
On the ai>pearance of an enemy they threw
aside their baggage, and by easy and rapid evo-
lutions converted the column of march into an
order of battle. — Giuhon's Ko.me, ch. 1, p. 19.
2531. HARDSHIPS, Success by. C/iaiinrei/ Je-
rome. [The inventor of machine-made Yankee
clocks.] After working awhile at the dials,
he started with two others on a tour to New
Jer.sey — they to sell the works of clocks, and he
to make the cases for them. They travelled in
a lumber-wagon, and carrie*^. their own provi-
sions. By this time the clockmakers of Connec-
ticut had so systematized their business that they
could sell a pretty good clock that stood seven
feet high for $40. [Formerly costing about
$150.] Chauncey Jerome worked about fifteen
hours a day that winter at case-making. ... He
well remembers passing through New York, and
seeing the crowds of people walking up and
down Chatham Street stopping a man to ask him
what was the matter. At New Haven — where he
afterward lived in a splendid mansion — he walked
about the streets eating bread and cheese, and
carrying his clothes in a bundle. — Cyclopedia
OF BiOG., p. 312.
2533. HARMONY, Pear of. Ancients. A.s
the writers upon physics say that if war and dis-
cord were banished the universe, the heavenly
bodies would stop their course, and all genera-
tion and motion would cease, by reason of that
perfect hannony, so the great Lawgiver infused
a spirit of ambition and contention into the Spar-
tan constitution, as an incentive to virtue, and
wished always to see some difference and dispute
among the good and virtuous. — Plutarch's
Agesilaus.
3533. HARVEST, A lost. Golden. Antigonus
conceived some suspicion of Mithridates from a
dream. He thouifht he entered a large and
beautiful tield, and .sowed it with filings: of gold.
This produced a crop of the same precious met-
al ; but coming a little after to vi.sit it, he found
it was cut, and nothing left but the stalks. As
he was in great distress about his loss, he heard
some people say that Mithridates had reaped
the golden harvest, and was gone with it toward
the Euxine Sea. — Plutarch's >Iarcus Crassus.
2524. HASTE, Defective, Art. It is said that
when Agiitharcus the painter valued himself
upon the celerity and ease with which he dis-
patched his pieces, Zeuxis replied, " If I boast,
it shall be of the slowness with which I fini.sli
mine." For ease and speed in the execution
seldom give a work any lasting importance or
exquisite beauty ; while, on the other hand, the
time which is expended in labor is recovered
and rejiaid in the duration of the performance.
—Plutarch's Pericles.
800
HASTE-IIEARING.
a.iaa. haste, Needlei«. Admiral Ih-akc. A
niiitcli lit bowl.s was lii'liis; played, in wliicli
Draki' and oilier liii^li olficers of the Heel \ve;e
cnpijft'd, when ii small armed vessel wan seen
ninnlnu: before the wind into Plymonth harlior
with ail sails set. Her commander landed in
\\\w\e, and ea,i;;erly souj^ht the place where the
Enfjlish lord admiral and his captains were
standing,'. His name was Fleminu; ; he was the
master of ii Scotch privateer ; and he told the
English otHcers that he hail that .nornint; seen
the Spanish Armada olT the Cornish coast. At
this e.vciting information the captains began to
hurry down to the water, and there was a shout-
ing for the .ships' boats ; but Drake coolly
checked his comrades, and insisted that the
match should be played out. He saitl that there
was plenty of time both to win the game and
iHjat the Spaniards.— Dkcisive Battles, ^ 398.
3536. HATRED, Savage. tYench rn. Italians
Mary de Medicis disgusted the French, in the
first place, by her partiality to her coiuitrymen,
the Italians. Concini, a Florentine, a high fa-
vorite of the queen regent, was advanced to the
jlignity of a marshal of France — a sulHcicnt rea-
8<m for rendering the queen anil her minister
odious to the nobility and to the kingdom. The
Mar6chal d'Ancre, for such wius the title he as-
sumed, trusted too much to the favor of his mis-
tress and to the apiwiirance of power, which was
its consequence. The nobility combined iigiiinst
Lim, and he was n.ssji.ssinated in a most inhuman
manner in the palace of the Louvre. The pop-
ulace, in that spirit of savage cruelty which in
all scenes oJ disorder .seems to be characteristic
of that nation, are .said actually to have torn his
lieartfrom his body and devoured it. — Tytlek's
Hist., Book 6, ch. 33, p. 443.
•«527. HAUGHTINESS, Lordly. Sapor. [The
Persian tyrant-king.] At the time when the East
trembled at the name of Sapor, he received a
present not unworthy of the greatest kings — a
long train of camels, laden with the most rare
and valuable merchandises. The rich offering
was accompanied with an epistle, respect fid,
but not .servile, from Odenathus, one of the no-
blest and most opulent senators of Palmyra.
" Who is this Odenathus," said the haughty
victor, and he commanded that the presents
should be cast into the Euphrates, " that he thus
insolently presumes to write to his lord ? If he
entertains a hope of mitigating his punishment,
let him fall i)rostrate before the foot of our
throne, with his hands bound behind his back.
Should he hesitate, swift destruction shall be
poured on his head, on his whole race, and on
his country." [Odenathus resented the insult,
and met the Persian king in arms, and compelled
his retreat beyond the Euphrates.] The voice of
history, which is often little more than the organ
of hatred or flattery, reproaches Sapor with a
proud abuse of the rights of conquest. We are
told that Valerian, in chains, but invested with
the Imperial purple, was exjw.sed to the multi-
tude, a constant spectacle of fallen greatness ;
and that whenever the Persian monarch mounted
on horseback, he placed his foot on the neck of
a Roman emperor. — Gibbon's Rome, ch. 10,
p. 318.
353S. HEALTH following Disease. Cholera.
[In 1833 England was visited with the cholera.
which] left a real blessing behind it. The caro
of the public health from that time became a
duty which no miiiislry ((Hild neglect, and which
Itlaced us in a condition not (inly lo niiliu'-ale the
evils of any ]K'st in recurring years, but to ele-
vate the wiiole body of the p((>|)le in iiabits of
cleanliness and comfort, and to j't'olong the du-
ration of life in village and in city, in the plea.s-
ant fields and in the dose fiiclories, — IvNKiliT's
EN(i., vol. 8, ch. 10, p. 393.
2VJ0. HEALTH, Heroism without. William
in. WilliiiM 111 ... . Inula thin and weak body.
. . . He w<is always aslhniatical, and the dregs
of the small-jtox falling upon his lungs, he had
a constant deep cough. — Ivxkuit's Eni;., vol. 5,
ch. 5, p. 65.
2530. HEALTH priied. AraU. The custom
of the sedentary Arabs in good circumstances
and living in towns, was what it is at this day.
They sent their sons to nurse into the families of
the nomad Arabs living in tents. The object
of this sort of adoption was twofold : in tl>e tirst
place, the child contracted amid this rural and
pastoral life a sounder health and more mascu-
line habits ; and secondly, the affection that grew
up l)etween the child and the nomadic family
wherein he had been suckled and had commenced
his life gave to the powerful fanuly to whom he
owed his blooil an indissoluble clientage among
the tribes of the country. — Lamaktune's Tun-
KEY, p. 55.
3531. HEALTH by Travel. Wa.'<fii)igfoii Irv
tiiff. I am too weak to take any e.xercise, and too
low-spirited half the time to enjoy comjiany.
" Was that young Irving," asked .Judge Kent
of his brother-in-law, "who slept in the room
next to me, and kept up such an incessant cough
during' the night V" " It was." " He is not long
for this world." This hmubrious .iudgment of
the great jurist was shared by the family of Irv-
ing, who determined to send him to Europe. . . .
He started on the 19th of May, 1804. " There's
a chap," said the captain, "who will go over-
board before we get across." . . . Irving set out
from Gravesend on the 18th of .January, 180(5,
and reached New York after a stormy jiassage
of sixty-four days. He had contradicted the
prophecy of the captiiin with whom he originally
sailed — that he would go overboard before he
got acro.ss ; and of Judge Kent, who declared
he was not long for this world. He returned in
good health, and resumed his legal studies. —
Stoddauu's InviNG, p. 17, 18, 23,
2532. HEARERS, Unappreciative. Samnei
Johnmn. His noble friend. Lord Elibank, well
observed that if a great man procured an inter-
view with Johnson, and did not wish to see him
more, it showed a mere idle curiosity, and a
wretched want of reli.sh for extraordinary pow-
ers of mind. Mrs. Thrale justly and wittily ac-
counted for such conduct by saying that John-
son's conversation was by much too strong for a
person accustomed to obseiiuioiisiiess and flat-
tery ; it was in usiard in a i/dit ny child'n mouth ! —
Boswell's Johnson, p. 465.
2533. HEARING, Released from. Congrega-
tion. [King James II. commanded his Liberty
of Conscience act to be read by the unwilling
clergy in the clmrches to the imwilling hearers.]
One, more pleasantly than gravely, told his peo-
IIEART-IIEAVEN.
301
pie tlmt, though lie was ohlif^tul to read it, tliev
were not ol)iif,'e(l to hear it ; and he stopped till
they all went out, and then he read it to the
walls. — Knkiht's Exo., vol. 4, ch. 20, p. 420.
3531. HEABT, A broken. Mm Pvrronct. A
jrenflenian so called hud, by the utmost assidu-
itv and innumerable professions of IIk; tenderest
affection, i,'ained by slow decrees her love. The
lime of the marriaije wii.s ti.xed, the rini; was
bouglit, and the weddinj^-elothes were sent to
her. \h' came a week before the day, and con-
tinued to avow th(! most ardent re.irard ; i)ut at a
later visit, sitliiii^ down very carelessly on a
<hair, he declared in the coolest manner that he
had chanired his purpose ; lha( he had been mis-
taken, did not love her, and could not marry
lier. He walked away, leavini; her dumb with
srrief. The sorrow which she endeavored to
conceal jireved upon her sjiirits, till, three; or
four days at'tcr, she suddenly laid down, and in
four minutes dieil. " One of th(! ventri(!les of
iier heart burst, so s\w literally died of a broken
lieart." — Stkvkns' MKTiionii-..r, vol. 2. p. 202.
2535. . Bji Wnshinfiton frn'iif/. [A
friend handed Byroi a copy of the " Sketch
Book" shortly before his death.] He turned to
the " Broken Heart." " That," sidd he, " is out!
of the tincsl thinirs ever written on earth, and I
want tc hear an American read it. But stay —
do you know Irving '!" I replied that I had
never seen him. "God bless him!" c.vclaimed
Byron. " He is ii ^'cnius ; and he has something
better thiui genius — a heart. I wish I could see
him, but I fear I never shall. Well, read the
' Broken Heart ' — yes the ' Broken Heart ' What
a wonl I" In closing the first i)aragrai)h, I said,
"Shall I confess it? I do believe in broken
hearts." " Yes," exclaimed Byron, "and .so <lo
I, and so does everybody but i)hilosophers and
fools !" While I was reading one of the mo.st
touching portions of that mournful i)iece, I ob-
served that Byron wept. He turned his eyi^s
upon me, an(l said, " Yor see mc weep, sir.
Irving himself never wrote that story without
weeping ; nor can I hear it without tears. I
I have not wept much in this world, for trouble
never brings tears to my eyes, but I always have
tears for the ' Broken Heart.'" [See No. 3351.]—
Stoud.\i{I)s Irving, p. 40.
25;i«. HEABT, Hardened. Jmru-s IT. [Trial
of Benjamin Hewling for rebelling under the
Duke of ^lonmouth.] Even Jeffreys was, or
pretended to be, inclined to lenity. . . . Time was
allowed for a reference to London. The sister
of the prisoner went to AYhitehall with a petition.
IMany courtiers wished her success, and (,'hurch-
ill [t'le Duke of Marlborough], among whose nu-
merous faults cruelty had no place, obtained ad-
mitl'ince for her. " I wish well to your suit with
all my heart," he said, as they stood together in
the ante-chamber; " but do not flatter yoiu'self
with hopes. This marble" — and he laid his hand
on the chimney-piece — "is not harder than the
king." This prediction proved true. Benjamin
Hewling died with dauntless courage, amid lam-
entations in which the soldiers who kept guard
round the gallows could not refrain from join-
ing. — M.\caui.ay'8 Enct., ch. 5, p. 000.
253r. HEABT, An honest. Fortrcns. The
first of the family [of Stephen Colonna] in fame
Aod merit was the elder Stei)hen, whom [the poet]
Petrarch loved and esteemed as a hero superior
to his own times, and not unworthy of ancient
Home. I'erseci tion and exile dis|)layed to tJio
nations his abilities in peace and war ; in hisi -
tress he was an object not of |)ity, but of rever-
ence ; tlif asjiect of dangi'r provokei. him to
avow his name and country ; and when he was
asked, " ^Vller(.' is now your fortress v" ii,. \^^\^\
his hand on his heart, and answered, "Here."
- Oiniiox'sKoMK, ch. (lit, p. 403.
353M. HEABT longing for Ood. Animiif/n
Tiiitihirai). [He wasa| Hindoo of high faniilr,
and celebrated for ids knowledge ; had made ])il-
griniagesof many thousands of miles, to seek rest
to his in(|iiiring mind. He at last met with
some nati\c Ciiristians . . . and with Carver
the missionary. [He began to seek the truth.]
when some of his (lisci])les attempted tocarrv
him olf ; he ajipealed to the magistnite at .Mad-
ras, wearing his heathen robes in the court, for
the last time, that he might be identitied as the
head of the order. Before the ollicer and a
great multitude he bore this el(K|uent testimony
for ("hristianity. Alluding to hi.'-' iiilgrimages,
he said ; " Fifty years of my life have lieen thus
s])ent. I sought all heathen l)ooks, but found
nothing fortlie soul. I have taught many hun-
dred disciples, as you know. I disccjvered noth-
ing in heathen b(K)ks, in lu'atheii temples, in
heathen ceremonies, to satisfy my spiiit. 1 met
with this missionary, and he opened to my un-
derstanding the way of .salvation. 1 determined
to abandon heathenism. By heathenism I got
money in abundance, and honors. I was wor-
sliip]H'd by my disciples ; but my soul shrunk
back at its blasphemy against the God of whom
1 had heard. ... I wish to be bai)tized in
the name of .Tesus, and to teach others also of
this Saviour." — Stkvkns' Mktuouism, vol. 3,
p. 347.
2539. HEABT, Obdurate. Murderer. The
Earl of Ferrers, an intidel and a drunkard, . . .
murdered his steward for rendering assistance
to his lady, who had been compa.ssionately sepa-
rated from him by act of Parliament. The
House of Lords condemned the wretched no-
bleman ; he was to be executed and his body
dissected. His brother . . . [and others, both
men and women] .sought to arouse him to a
sense of his moral peril. He was pniyed for iu
the churches ; but he remained unmoved. He
spent the evenings of his imprisonment in play-
ing pi(|uet ; he tlemanded intoxicatinj^ drinks ;
the night before his execution he had Hamlet
read while he was in bed, and half an hour
before he was carried to the gallows he was ein-
liloyed in correcting verses which he had com-
jiosed in the Tower. Dressed in his wedding
clothes, decked with silver embroidery, he rode
to the gallows in his carriage, drawn by si.x
horees, and accompanied bj- troops and a hearse.
He died without j)enitcnce and apparently with-
out fear. — Stkvexs' Methodism, vol. 2, p. 20.
2540. HEAVEN, A carnal. Meihtmet. It is
natural enough that an Arabian prophet .should
dwell with rapture on the groves, the fountains,
and tlic rivers of paradise ; but instead of inspir-
ing the blessed inhabitants with a liberal tasto
for harmon)' and science, conversation and
friendshiji, he iilly celebrates tlie pearls and dia-
iiKMids, the robes of silk, palaces of marble.
802
HEAVEN.
dislios of K"l'l. rich wines, nrtittcial daintioH, nii-
incroiis alti'iidiintH, iind tlie whole train of seiiHiial
and coMtlv luxury which Ix-coincs insiiiid to liu;
owner (!ven in the sliort period of this mortal
life. Seventy-two hoiiris, or black-eyed ffirls of
resplendent beauty, blooniinj^ youth, virgin i)U-
rity, and excpusite senHibilily will be created for
the use of the meanest believer ; a moment of
pleasure will i)e jirolon^'ed to a thousand years,
and his faculties will be increased a hundred-
fold to render him worthy of his felicity. Not-
withstandinic a vuli^ar jirejudice, the lniIcs of
Leaven will be open to both sexes ; bu» .Mahomet
lias not speeitied the male compmiions of the
fi'inah; elect, lest ho should either alarm tlu^
jealousy of their former husliands or disturb
their felicity liy the suspicion of an everlasting
marria>j;c.— Gihiion's .Maiiomkt, p. 30.
aS'll. HEAVEN, Division of. Siralcnhoru. The
infinite variety of heaven thus arranges itself, in
general, into I wo kingdoms ; si)ecil1cally into three
}iea veils ; and in particular, into innuinerableso-
<'ieties. The t\vo kingdoms are respective!}' called
celestial and spiritual. The angels forniing the
celestial kingdom are characterized bv their ex-
ceeding love of the Lord and of g()0(fiiess ; and
the angels who form tin; spiritual kingdom are
distinguished by their exceeding love of their
neighbor and of truth. The celestial angels are
immensely wiser than the spiritual, and their
blessedness is ineffable. Specifically there are
three heavens, perfectly-distinct, called the first
lieaven, the .second or middle lieaven, and the
third or highest heaven ; or they may be called
external, internal, and inmost; ornatural, s])irit-
ual, ami celestial. . . . The external, tirst, or
natural heaven, is formed of those who, from
a principle of obedience and duty, live in a(;-
cordance with the Divine will. The second,
spiritual, or middle heaven, is formed of such
as love truth, delight in things intellectual, and
at the same time are in disinterested love to the
neighbor. The inmost, third, or celestial heav-
en is formed of those who, full of love to the
Lord, are in innocence. — Wiutk's Swedkn-
BOKG, eh. 13, p. 104.
3543. HEAVEN, Materialistic. Bomcell. I re-
member, many years ago, when my imagina-
tion was warm, and 1 happened to be in melan-
choly mood, it distressed me to think of going
into a state of being in which Shakespeare's
poetry did not exist. A lady whom I then much
admired, a very amiable woman, humored my
fancy, and relieved me by saying, "The first
thing you will meet in the other world will be
an elegant copy of Shakespeare's works present-
ed to you." Dr. Johnson smiled benignantly
at this, and did not appear to disajiprove of the
notion. — IJosweli.'s Johnson, p. 387.
2543. HEAVEN, Views of. AdopUiUon. "Grace
and Peace in Chrid. My deah little Son :
I rejoice to hear that thou art learning diligently
and praying faithfully. Continue to do this,
my son, and when I retnm home I will bring
you some beautiful toys, representing an annual
lair. I know of a delightful garden in which
many children are found, dressed in golden
clothing ; they gather beautiful apples, pears,
cherries, and plums ; they also sing and leap,
and are happy ; they have beautiful little horses,
^th golden bridles and silver saddles. There-
upon I asked the man, whose garden it is, to
whom these children belonged. He answered,
' These are the children that love to oray aiul
learn, and that are i)ious.' Then said \. 'My
dear sir, I too have a son, named Johnnie Lu-
ther; could not he also come into this garden
and eal such beautiful apples and pears, and ride
such little horses and jilaywilli these cliildren ?'
And the man said, 'if he loves U) pray and to
study, and is pious, In shall likewiNC go to
heftvcn, and with him Lippus and Jost (sons of
.Melanchlhon and ,loiias|. And when tlicy all
return they shall have tilVsand tlutesaiid dniins,
and all sorts of siriiiircd iiislrunieiits ; liicy shall
also dance, and shoot with small (tuns hows.'
And he showed mea beautiful plot in the garden
.set apart for dancing ; there I saw hanging real
gold(;n fifes and dniins, and tine sihcr cross-
bows. IJiil it was (|iiile early, so that the chil-
dren had not yet eaten their meal. Hence I
could not wait to see them dance, and I saiil to
the man, ' 1 will hurriedly go and write my little
son Jolinnii! all about tliese things, so that ho
may pray diligently, study well, and be pious, and
also come into this garden. IJut he has an aunt,
Lena, whom he iiiiist take along with him.' Then
the man rejilied, ' Let it be so ; go and write him
all about it.' Therefore, my dear little .scm
Johnnit!, kce|) on studying and jiraying, and tell
Lippus and Jost that Uiey also study and jirajA,
and then you will all together come into this
garden, llerewilh I cominendtheeto Almighty
God. Greet Aunt Lena with a kiss from me.
Thy dear father, ^Martiuus Luther." — Rein's
LuTiiEU, ch. 10, p. 149.
25'll. HEAVEN visited. }raIiomet. His dream
of a nocturnal journey is seriou y described as
a real and corporeal transaction. A mysterious
animal, the Borak, conveyed him from the tem-
ple of Mecca to that of Jerusalem ; with his com-
panion Gabriel he successfully ascended the
seven heavens, and received and repaid the salu-
tations of the patriarchs, the prophets, and the
angels, in their respective mansions. Be.yond
the seventh heaven ^lahomet alone was i>ermit-
ted to proceed ; he passed the veil of unity, ap-
proached within two liowsliots of the throne,
and felt a cold that pierced him to the heart
when his .shoulder was touched ]>y the hand of
God. After this familiar though important con-
versation he again descended to Jerusalem, re-
mounted the Borak, returned to Mecca, and per-
formed in the tenth part of a night the journey
of many thousand years. — Giuhon's Mauomet,
p. 26.
2545. HEAVEN, The Warriors'. Sravdinarians.
The way in which the departed heroes pass their
time in Valhalla, or in the palace of Odin, is de-
scribed in several places of the Edda. They have
every day the plea.sure of arming themselves,
marshalling thenuselves in military order, engag-
ing 'a battle, and being all cut to pieces ; but
wlien the stated hour of repast arrives their
bodies are reunited, and they return on horse-
back safe to the hall of banquet, where they feed
heartily on the flesh of a boar, and drink beer
out of the skulls of their enemies, till they are in
a state of intoxication. Odin sits by himself at
a particular table. The heroes are served by the
beautiful virgins, named Valkirie, who officiate
as their cup-bearers ; but the pleastires of love
HEKnL?:sSNES8— HKHKSY
303
<lo not enter nt nil into the joys of this extra-
ordinary I'aradise. Tliese notions of reli>?iouH
belief anioin; the Heandinavians, arising? from a
native ferocity of eharaeter, had a stronji efTeet
on their national manners and on the conduct of
individuals. Placing their sole deligiit in war
and in th(! slnugliter of their enennes, they iiad
an absolrte contenipt of danger and of bodily
pftin.— Tvti.kk'h Hist., Hook ">, ch. 0.
35'IG. HEEDLESSNESS, Lobs by. doUhmith.
I went to Cork and converted mv horse, which
you prize so nuicli higher than Fiddleback, into
<'ash, took my pas.sago in a ship bound for
America, and at the .Hiune time \mm\ the caiitain
for my Ireight and all the other expenses of my
voyage, liut it .so happened that the wind did
not answer for three weeks ; and you know,
mother, that I could not command the elements.
j^Iy misfortune was that, when the wind .served,
1 happened to be with a party in the coiuitry,
and my friend the captain never inipiired after
lue, b\it .set sail with as much indilTerence as if
I had been on board. — Iuvind's Goldsmith,
ch. a, p. 33.
3547, HELL necessary. Prendent Aiuhrw Jack-
son. [Here is| his famous reply to a young man
who objected to the doctrine of future pun-
ishment. "I thank God," said the youth, "I
]iave too much good .sen.se to believe there in such
a place as hell." " Well, sir," .said General .lack-
son, " /thank God therein such a place." " Why,
general," asked the young man, " what do you
want with .such a place of torment as hell ?" To
which the general replied as quick as lightning,
"To ynit such ra.scals as you in, that oppo.se
and vilify the Christian religion." The young
man said no more, and soon after found it con-
venient to take his leave. — Cycloi'euia of
Bioo., p. 538.
354§. HELL, Temporary. Mohammedtn. Ac-
cording as the shares of guilt or virtue shall pre-
ponderate, the sentence will be pronounced, and
all, without distinction, will pass over the sharp
and perilous bridge of the abyss ; but the inno-
cent treading in the footsteps of Mahomet will
gloriously enter the gates of paradise, while the
guilty win fall into the tirst and mildest of the
.seven hells. The term of expiation will vary
from nine hundred to seven thousand years ; but
the prophet has judiciously promised thatftiHiis
disciples, whatever may be their sins, shall be
saved by their own faith and his intercession
from eternal damnation. — Gibbon's Maiio.met,
p. 30.
2549. HELP, Fictitious. Julian the Apostate
confiscated the whole property of the church ;
the money was distributed among the soldiers ;
the lands were added to the domain ; and this
act of oppression w as aggravated by the most un-
generous irony. '" I siiow myself," sjiys Julian,
" the true friend of t'le Galileans. Their admi-
rable law has promised the kingdom of heaven to
the poor ; and they will advance with more dil-
igence in the paths of virtue and salvation when
they are relieved by my assistance from the load
of temporal possessions." — Gibbon's Rome, ch.
23, p. 454.
3550. HELPERS, Dependence on. "Atixili-
aries." The safety and lionor of the empire was
principally intrusted to the legions, but the pol-
icy of Rome condescended to adopt every use-
ful instnuncnt of war. Considerable levies were
regularly made among the in-ovincials. who had
not yet deserved tin; honorable distinction of
Romans. Many dejM'ndcnt princes and com-
muinlies, dispersed round the frontiers, were
permitted for a while to lidld their freedom
and security by the ti'iuuc of inilitMry service.
Even .select troojjs of hostile bjirbarlans were
frc' •lently compelled or iiersuiidcd to coiisuine
their daiiiicrous valor in rcniule climates, and
for the bciielit of tin; Stale. Alllhese were includ-
ed under the general name of auxiliaries ; and
howsoever they might vary accordiiur to the
dillerence of limes and circuni-taiices, their nuni-
iters were seldom nuich iideiinr to tlinsc of the
leirions themselves. — Giiibo.n's 1{u.mi;, ch. 1,
p. 17.
3551. HERITAGE of Disposition. Frnhvirk U.
Frederick, it is true, by no means reliiKpiished
his hereditary jirivilcge of kicking luid cudgel-
ling. His j)ractice, however, as to that matter
diilered in som(! important respects from his
father's. To Frederick William the mere cir-
cumstance that any jiersons whatever, men,
women, or children, Prussians or foreigners,
were within reach of his toes and of his cane,
appeared to be a sufficient reason for ])roceeding
to l)elal)or them. Frederick retpiired jirovoca-
tion as well as vicinity ; nor was he ever known
to inflict this ])aternal species of correction on
any but his born subjects. — Macaci.ay's Fked-
EKICK THE GUEAT, p. 25.
3553. HEREDITY, Failure of. Earthquake
of Li»hon. It was this catastrophe which was
the means of calling into exercise the latent be-
nevolence of John Howard, who is now styled in
all lands and tongues " the ]ihilantlir()pist."
The father of this benevolent being was noted
for his penuriousne.ss. — CvcLorEUiA ok Biog.,
p. 31.
3553. HERESY fined. Thviatixts. [During
the persecution of the Donalists by the Catho-
lics, a] regular scale of tines, from ten to two
hundred jiounds of .silver, was curiously ascer-
tained, according to the distinctions of rank and
fortune, to pmiish the crime of assisting at ii
schismatic conventicle ; and if the fine had been
levied live times, without subduing the obsti-
nacy of the olfender, his future ))unishment was
referred to the discretion of the Imperial court.
By these .severities, which obtained the warmest
approbation of St. Augustin, great numbers of
Donatistswere reconciled to the Catholic Church ;
but the fanatics, who still persevered in their op-
position, were provoked to madness and despair,
the distracted country was filled with tumult
and bloodshed ; the armed troops of Circumcel
lions alternately pointed their rage against them-
selves, or against their iidversaries ; and the cal-
endar of mart3'rs received on both sides a con-
siderable augmentation. — Gibbon's Rome, ch.
33, p. 373.
3554. HERESY hunting. Roger Williams.
The l)ani.shnient of Roger Williams, instead of
bringing peace, brought strife and dissension to
the people of Massachusetts. The ministers
were stern and exacting. Every shade of popu-
lar belief was closely scrutinized ; the slightest
departure from orthodox doctrines wa.s met
with the charge of heresy, and to be a heretic
804
IIKUKSY— IIKIU).
"Wan to iH'conic Mil oiilcast. Hllll. Ilu' iidvonitcs
of fr('r(i|iiiii()ii inultipli)'(l. 'I'lu' flcri^'y, iiolwiili-
htaniliiiir llicir ^Tcat iiilliiciicc aiMoii); ilic |M'i>|>Ii-.
fell, iiiMcurf. licliirioiis (Ifhnlcs iH'caiiic tlic or
«lt.'r of tluMlay. Kvi'ry scrinoii had to 1)mh.s llic or-
deal of review and (Tilicisui.— Uioi'.vtu'h L'. S.,
ch. i:», p. \-ix.
tl.tA.I. HERESY, Madneii at. Pfiilip It.
Philip rclunied in lrimii|)ii to Spain, where IdH
active ndnd, now at ease from forei^jn disliirl)-
Hiices, hciian to he dis(|ideted on the scon! of re-
liirion, and he laid (hiwn alixed resolution toex
tirpale every species of lieresy from his domin-
ions. Tlie In(|Misitioii was invested with all the
pleldtlldi' of till! powers of ])ersecnlioli. Ft is
-wonderful how much llie s|)irit of this tyrant
i;oin( idcd wilh that of his consort, Mary of Kni;-
land ; (inly Mary iiurni the Protestants at once,
ftnd I'liilip prepared them for that ceremony liy
racks luid torliires. 'I'lie Kinu: of Spain, hearini,^
that there were some heretics ina valley of Pied-
mont, linrdcrinif on tlu; .Milanese, sent orders to
the (jovei-nor of Milan to despatch a few troops
that way, and eonchided his order in two re-
inarkahle words — " ahorcdd fodon" — hanij them
all. lieini: informed that the same opiidons
were entertained hy some of llu! inhahilants of
("alaia'ia, he (U'dered one half to he /in.iif/cd and
the other /iiiriK'/; the consequences of these
cruelties were winit he did not foresee — the loss
of a third pari of his donnnions. — Tvn.Kii'.s
ilisr.. Hook (1, eh. 2(», p. ;i(12.
aSStt. HERESY, Suppression of. /?// Lain. rVill-
iain III. olilaiued the passa,i,''e of an act oi Par-
liament] hy which it was provided that if any
person who had i)een educated in the Christian
reli.irio", or had made profession of the same,
should by writing, preachiiijj, or teachin;; deny
the Holy Trinity, or deny the Christian religion
to be true, or the Holy Scriptures to he of divine
aiithoiitv, he should for the first olTenct; he dis-
qualitied for any office ; for the .second, be ren-
dered incapable of bringing any action, of pur-
chasing lands, or of being guardian, e.xecutor, or
legatee. He was, moreover, to be subject to
tliree years' imprisonment. With the exception
of the part relating to the denial of the Holy
Trinity, " the law still remains unrepealed or
unmoditied. " — Iv-NIOut'sEno., vol. i5, ch. 13.
4557. HERETICS terrified. CnicU,i/. [In 1166
altout thirty (jrermau men and women liad
settled at O.xford, who.se] lives were i)erfectly
blameless ; and their ojjinions, whatever they
might he, wert- not very attractive, for they had
obtained only out; proselj'te, a woman of Inunhle
station. ['I'hey were bi )Ught bef,>re theS3'nod.]
They answen.-d ])erversely and erroneous!}' con-
cerning tiie sacraments. . . . This was the first
ebulliticai of heresy in England since the differ-
ences of the days of Augustin. An example was
to be made ; and tlie wretched exiles were brand-
ed, whipped, and turned out naked and ble(;d-
ing into the fields, in the depths of winter.
None dared to succor them, none to pity, and
the}' all miserably perished. — Kmoiit's Eng.,
vol. 1, ch. 20.
3«(oS. HERETICS, Vengeance against. Corjm.
[In 1.*m6 the commissioners of Cardinal Pole]
not only burnt all the English Bibles and other
heretical books, but went through the farce of
making a process against the body of Peter
Martyr's wife, wiio had lieen buried in one of tho
churches. They coidd find no wltnesse" who
had heani her utter any heresies, for she couhi
speak no EnglisI'. Sounder the direction of tho
cardinal they transferred her body to a (hmg-
hill upon the plea that she had been a nun, and
had died exeomnuinicaled. A scene eipadly dis-
gusting was i)er|)etraled l)v I'ole's commission-
ers at Candiridge. They laid the churchen of
St. Mary's and St. Michael's uialer interdict, lie-
cause the bodies of Ihi'great reformers, Hucerand
Fagiu.^', were buried in them. 'I'he dead were
then cited to apjiear ; but not ainwering to the
summons, they were judged to be obstinates her-
etics, and Iheir bodies were to lie taken out of
their graves and delivered to the secular jiower.
(hi the (till of Feiiruary these bodies were pulilic-
ly burnt, according to the ancient ceremonies,
which i{ome had found so etTectual in the case
of WyelifTe.— K.Mdin's E.No., vol. U, ch. 7,
p. KM).
tl55». HERMIT, Mysterious. yU Xt'iif/iini Fn'h.
His assiuued name was Abbot. He occupied ii
hut on Ooat island. His ajiiiearance and accom-
|ilishnicnls indicated that hi' iiad onc(> been fa-
vored by fortune, but he would never give any
clew to his past hislorv. He was wont to write
in Englisii, Spanish, Italian, and Latin, and to
destroy the compositions as soon as made. Tho
island becam(s too nuieh friMpienled for him,
and he removed tc the niaiidand. It was ids
habit to bathe Ihri e times a day in the river ;
one morning in the year IH!)') tlm ferryman saw
Abbot's clotlies lying on the bank, but no trace
of their owner. He never afterward made his
apjiearanee, and no doubt was drowned. — Af-
im-kton's Cvci.oi'Ei)i.\, "AnnoT."
3360. HERO, Patriotic. William Wallace.
In this state of uiuversal despondency aro.se
William Wallace, a man who deserves to be
numbered among the heroes of antiijuity With
no advantages of birth or fortune, conscious of
his personal merits alone, with an invincible
s])irit, a courage <'([ual to tlie greatest att<'inpts,
and every reiiuisite (piality of a eonsuniniate
general, he undertook to retrieve the lioiior and
the lilK'rties of his country. A few patriots
joined liim in that glorious attempt, and ids con-
fessed suiieriority of merit liestowed on liim the
rank of their chief and leader. Taking advan-
tage of an expedition of llie Engli.sli mon.ircli
into Flanders, while the government of Scotland
had been intrusted to an imperious viceroy,
Wallace, with ids associates, began liostilities
by an assault upon some of the strongest cas-
tles whicli contained English garrisons. Of
these they made themselves masters by force or
by surpi-ise. — Tyti.i-;u'8 Hist., Book 6, ch. 13,
p. 191.
3561. HERO, Unsurpassed. Miilep Moliie.
[De facto king of Fez and Jlorocco.] This Mu-
ley Moluc was a prince who, in some circum-
stances of character, was equal to tlie greatest
heroes of ancient Greec«! or Home. There does
not exi.st in Idstory a nobler instance of intrepid-
ity or greatness of .soul than what tliis man ex-
hibited in his dying moments, in that remark-
able engagement. Moluc was in full possessios
of the empire of Morocco at the time when Ids
dominions were invaded by Don Sebastian ; hut
he was fast consuming witli a distemper which
IIEUOKS-IIKUOISM.
005
lie know to Im^ lnciimJ)l<>. Htt prcparod, liow-
cver, for tlin rcccpticm of mo formldulilc iiii «'iic-
iiiy. II(! WHS indeed ri-diicrd to micli wcukncss
of t(ody, tliat on ilw day when tin- last di'dnivc
btiUlo was to 1)0 foiit^ht l'<^ did not expect to
live so lonj; hh to know tiie fate of tlie entrajje-
nienl. lie; planned liininelf tlie order of liattle,
and heiiiff carried on a litter tiirouirli tiie ranks,
endeavored, l)y his voiet! an<l >,'esiure, to ani-
mate Ins troops to tlie \itniosl exeilions of oour-
aj;e. Conselons that tii(! fate of his family and
of his kingdom depended upon the isHiie of tliat
day, he ^nivo orders to Ids principal ollleers, that
if he died during tla; emxai^emcint, they should
conceal his dealli from the army, and that they
Hliould from time to time; ride up to tho litter iii
Avhi(;h he was carrit^d, imder pretence of reeeiv-
inj; orders from him as usual. When tho battle
had continued for some time, Mukiy Mohu; i)er-
ceived with great anguish of ndnd that his troops
in one quarter began to give way. He was then
near his last agonies ; but collecting what re-
mained of strength and life, he threw himself
out of the litter, rallied his army, and again led
them on to the elmrge. C^uite exhaustwi, he fell
down on the Held, and being carried back to his
litter ho laid his finger on his mouth to enjoin
secrecy to his olHcers who stood around him,
and e.xpired a few moments after in that |,;'sture.
[The MiM)ra were victorious.] — Tytlkhu IIist.,
Book 6, ch. 28, p. 868.
3563. HEROES, Dsad. Turks. In their pub-
lic perils the Turks make invocation to the
name of Solyman. He appears .sometimes in
battle athwart the smoke of the cannon, mount-
ed on 11 white steed and surrounded by divini-
lied heroes. [Solyman was marvellously Hucce.s.s-
ful in the concpiest of European cities.] — La-
MAUTINK's TlTRKKY, p. 283.
3563. HEROES for Freedom. Tormnint L' On-
rcrtiire. [Toussaint L'Ouverture, a colored man,
]iad the military genius and the political sagac-
ity to establish the civil and military dominion of
free negroes in the island of St. Domingo ; he be-
came the undisputed head of the government.
Was conciuered and taken to France by order
of Bonaparte.] — Kniuiit's Eno., vol. 7, ch. 24,
p. 418.
3564. HEROISM, Admirable. Lafayette. The
young and high-spirited Manpie.ss de Lafayette,
afterward so celebrated in the Revolution, equip-
ped a ship at his own expense, and proceeded to
join the army of the American patriots under
General Washingtou. — Students' Fuance, ch.
24, § 20.
3565. . PrUve Conde. [In 1509,
on] the 13th of ^larch, Coligny [one of the
Protestant leaders], with the rear guard only of
his army, was surprised by the Duke of Anjou
near Jarnac, on the Charente. Conde, sum-
moned to the rescue, galloped to the scene of
action with 300 cavalry, but found the admiral's
troops already overpowered and in disorder. The
gallant prince, thcigh he had been wounded in
the arm the evening before, instantly headed an
impetuous charge, and at the moment of engage-
ing received a kick from a vicious horse, which
fractured one of his leg. " Nobles of France !"
he exclaimed, " behold in what a condition Louis
of Bourbon goes to battle for Christ and his
country !" His horse was soon killed under
him, and the prince fell Helpless in the midst of
the enemv. A desperate contliet took |ilac»i
around his body, but his deleiiders wcrt! borne
down by numliers aiid slain almost to a man.
Conde at lengtli surrend'Ted hi.s sword. — Sti'-
uk.nth' FitAN( k. ell. Itt, 5^ H, p. 3;ts.
3566. HEROISM, Patriotic. /{.if/„nt. ['i'lu>
commander of the army of Fnincis I, against
tlie Milanes(> was defeated, and in a eoinliat on tlx;
Sesia [lu'l received a severe wound, vvliiclicom-
]M'lled him to resign the command to the Cliev-
alier Bayard and lla^ Count de St. I'ol. A d<'s-
perale siruggle followed, in the course of wldcii
the noble Bayard, having resisted for some timo
the whole streiigtli of Ihe enemy, anil thus se-
cured the retreat of Uw French army, was mor-
tally wounded by a musket-shot in the loins, lb;
caused himself to lie [tlacetl at the foot of a tree,
with his face still turned toward the enemy, and
in this position calmly prepared himself for
death. The Constable Bourlion rode up soon
afterward, in hot i)Uisuit of his flying country-
men, and addressed the expiring liero in words
of resjH'Ctful sympathy. " I am no object of
compassion," returned Bayard ; " I die as bo-
comes a soldier and a man of honor ; it is your-
self who are to be pitied — you who have tlie
misfortune to be tightinir against your kiiur, your
country, and your oath." — Studk.nth' Fuanck.
3567. HEROISM, Persistent. Afohammcdan.
Till! Mohammedans were invading, with 3000
soldiers, the territory of Palestine, that extends
to the eastward of Ihe Jordan. Tlie holy ban-
ner was intrusted to Zeid. . . . Zeid fell, like a
.soldier, in the foremost ranks ; the death of .laa-
far was heroic and memorable ; lie lost his right
hand ; he Bhifted the .standard to his left ; tho
left was severed from his body ; he embraced
the standard with his bleeding stumps, till he
was transfixed to the ground with fifty honorable
wounds. — Gihhon'h RoMK, ch. TiO. ]). 141.
356M. HEROISM in Suffering. Lord yeUon.
[Nelson was wounded in the balt'e of the Nile,
and was carried below to the cock-pit.] Theetfu-
sion of blood being very great, the wound was
held to be dangerous, if not mortal. The sur-
geons left their wounded to bestow their caro
upon the first man of the fieet. "No," said
Nelson, " I will take my turn with my brave
fellows."— Kniomt's Eno., vol. 7, ch. 20^ p. 356.
3569. HEROISM, Tarnished. licnediH Ar-
nold. In the midst of tlu; general gloom tho
country was shocked by the rumor that Benedict
Arnold had turned traitor. And the news, though
hardly creditable, was true. Tlic brave, rash
man, who on behalf of the patriot cause had
suffered unfold hardships and shed his blood
on more fields than one, had blotted the record
of his heroism with a deed of treason. [lie was
promoted to major-general.ship for gallant be-
liavior. Marrying an extravagant wife, he] en-
tered upon a career of luxury and extravagance
which soon overwhelmed him with debt and
bankruptcy. In order to keep uji his magnifi-
cence he began a system of frauds on the com-
mi.ssarv department of the army. His bearing
toward the citizens was that of a military des-
pot ; the people groaned under his tyranny, and
charges were preferred against him by Congres.s.
. . . By a court-martial ... he was convicted
on two charges, and by order of the court was
3(10
IIKHOISM-FIISTOUY.
mildly rcpriiniiiulcd liy WMMliiii;rtnM. I'rnfcs.s
iiiLT uiilxxiiiilcii pittriolistn, I he ii('lnivi'<l tin-
fiirtri,"<M ul WcMt Point to Miilor Aiuln' i'or Ilrit
Isli ptltl, ami llcil totlu'ciu'iulrsof his cmuitiy.J
— 1{i|)|'atii'h r. S., (Ii. 4:J, [). '642.
ilAYO. HEB0I8M, UnfaltarlDff. <'ii])t:iiii Jmitfi*
I.iiirn lire, llr iccfivcd a cluuli'nfH! Iroiii Cup-
tain ili'()k(\ of till* Hi'ilisli frij^ate Sliaiiiion, to
conic out. of I liostoii liarhoi'l and tl>;lit. Jjiw-
rciicc oii)>;lit not to havcac^ccptcd the lianlrr, for
IiIh ('((idptncnts were incoinplcti^ and Ids crew
illassorli'd, Nick, and half mutinous, liui Ik-
was youiiK, tl"' favorite! of llio nation ; tired
■with api)laUHc (over Ids recent .successes), lie
■went uiiliesitatiii^xly to meet Ids foe. . . . TIk;
*altle \vas()l)stiiiale, brief, dreadful. In ii short
time every otllcer who could direct the move-
ments of the Chesapeako was eitlier killed or
wounded. The hravi' youii'.; liawrcnco was
Htruck with 11 musket liall, and fell dyin^ on the
Moody deck. Astlwy Itore himdown t!io liatcii-
way he pive in feelile voice Ids last iieroic order
— ever after the motto of the American sailor
— " Jhiii'l (/iiY II)) the. hIu'p !" The Hritisli wer(!
already leapinj; on the deck, and the tlai; of
En.uland was hoisted over the shaltt'red vessel.
— Hidp.vth'h U. H., ch. 50, p. 4()«.
tl57l. HETEBODOXT, Evidence of. PliottKH.
[The patriarch of Coiistantinoplel a.ssiiined the
title of (KriiDifnii'iil or General I'atriarch, and
accused all the western l»ishoi)s of heresy, not
oidy for adherinu; to the lioman pontilT, liut for
various hcterodo.v articles of doctrine and un-
christian practices, siu'h, for example, as usinj;
unleavened bread in the sacrament, eating cheese
and v^nH in Lent, shaving their heanls, and
lastly, tliat they prohibited priests to marry, and
separated from their wives such married men
as cliose to go into orders. The last of these
articles, lie allcsj'ed, gave rise to the mo.st scan-
ilalous immoralities. — Tytleu's Hist., Book (J,
ch. 6, p. »").
3573. HISTORY, Divisions of. Anctfiit ami
Modtrn. A reniarkablo revolution now awaited
the emnire, wliicli, from a slender iM'ginning,
effected a surprisiuifclmnge on tlie great theatre
of human affairs. Tliis was the rise of Mahomet
and liis relif/ion. But here we ttx the termina-
tion of ancient liistory, and the commencement
of the modern. Previous, however, to our en-
tering upon this second ancl most important part
of our work, we sliall consider, with some atten-
tion, the manners, genius, laws, and policy of
those Gothic nations who subverted the Roman
empire in the West, and, establishing themselves
in every quarter of Europe, are justly considered,
at this diiy, as tlie parent stock of most of the
modern European nations, [a.d. 575.] — Tyt-
LEKs Hist., Book 5, ch. 6, p. 26.
2573. HISTORY, Fictions of. Of a ncien t Bri-
tain. [From history of his times, l»y Ijaonicus
Chalcondyles,] the most .singular circumstance
of their manners is their disregard of conjugal
honor and female cha.stity. In their mutual
visits, as the first act of hospitality, the guest
is welcomed in the embraces of their wives
and daughters ; among friends they are lent and
borrowed without shame ; nor are the islanders
offended at this strange commerce and its inevi-
table cou.sequences. Informed as we are of the
customs of Old England, and assured of the
virtue of our mothers, we
may smile at the crc'
-the • • ■
dulily, or resent the Injustice, of the (Jreek, who
must have coiifoundecl a modest salute with a
( rimiiial emiirace. Hut Ids credulity and Injiis
tice may teach an Important lesson . to distrust
the ac<'ounls of foreign anil remote niitlons, and
to suspend our belief of every tale that deviates
from the laws of nature and the c'lariicter of
man.— Oiiiiio.NH Kd.mk, ch. <ltl, p. :i()l.
3A7I. . I'orahontas. In short, of
the events which occurred in Virginia during tho
llrst ten years of the colony's existence, we have
.seven distinct sources of Information, all but
one of which are the productions of men who
had lived in the colony ; but in none of them is
there an intimation that Pocahontas saved the
life of Captain Smilli. Two of these narratives
contain several particulars of the life and death
of tills Indian girl, and the auliiors of them had
a .strong interest In e.xidliiig her reputation. . . .
I say, tlieii, farewelhhe Pocahontas of romance t
and approach the true Pocahontas, the dum])y,
dingy little squaw whom .loliii Holfe marrletl,
and the council .sent to Kngland to advertise
forlorn Virginia !— Uvcuu'euia okBioouai'iiv,
p. ((.■)((.
3375. . Sir Isaac Kewton. The story
of his dog Diamond throwing down a lighted
candle among h's jtajiers, by which the labors
of years wcreconsumed, and of Newton's calmly
saying, " (> Diamond, Diamond! thou little
knowest the mischief tliou hast done," is not
true. The candle was left by his own carele.s.s-
ness in such a position that it set fire to the i)a-
pers without the iiiterventicm of a dog — an ani-
mal he never kept. Nor did he contemplate his
I0.S.S with the slightest api)roach to philosophic
calmness. On the contrary, it almost drove
him out of his senses, and it was a month before
he had regained his tranquillitv. The story nl.so
of his using his wife's finger, m a lit of absence
of mind, to press down the tobacco in his pipe,
is liable to two slight objections: 1, he never
had a wife ; 2, he lievcr smoked. Being once
asked why he never smoked or took snuff, ho
answered, " I will not make to my.self any ne-
ce8.sities." — Pahton's Nkwton, p. 93.
3576. HISTORY, Influence of. Nicola Riemi.
The study of history and eloquence, the writings
of Cicero, Seneca, Livy, Cre.sar, and Valerius
Maximus elevated above his equals and contem-
poraries the genius of the young plebeian ; he
perused with indefatigable diligence the manu-
scripts and marbles of antiquity ; loved to dis-
pense his knowledge in familiar language ; and
was often provoked to exclaim, "Where are
now these Romans ? their virtue, their justice,
their power ? why was I not born in those happy
times ?" [He becania the deliverer of Rome.] —
GinnoN'8 lioMK, ch. 69, p. 447.
3577. HISTORY misinterpreted. Cromwell's.
We cannot readily find the instance of another
])ersonage in history whose acts and memory
have been the subjects of sncli conflicting theo-
ries as those of Cromwell. The iinpliiIosoi)hical
and paradoxical verdict of Hume, the historian
of England, that he was a fanatical hypocrite,
may now be dismissed ; we suppose that by all
parties it is dismis.sed, with the contempt to
which it is only entitled, to the limbo to which
it properly belongs, with many other of tho
in
FTISTOUV
;i(t7
vcnlli ts tills writer vititiircd to iiiimoiiik-i' In IiIh
liistiiry. Ilimics clniriirtrr us mi lilsiorlmi Iiuh
niitdiily Imtii Ioiii.' nIiici- liiipciicliril, liiit, liy Mr.
Ilrodic, ri'lliiiii'c ii|ioii In xcnuily Ims Itcin en-
tirely (li'Hiroyi'il ; mill even the Qmirti il;/ lii ni w
nimiy years Hiiiee disiiiietlv nJiowed in lidw inmiy
lll.stmiees Ills prejiidlees liav'c perniilted lillii to
distiirl evideiiee, and even to ^arltU! do< iinieiits.
— Iloolirt t'UoMWKI.I., <ll- I. !»• !"»•
< ilOTM. HISTORY, Mittakei of. ('mm mil. Tiio
iianie of Croniwell up to the present period has
been ideiililled with aniliitlon, (ruftiness, iisiir-
jiiition, ferocity, and tyranny ; we tliinl< tliat his
triieelmracteri.s tluit of a fanatie. History is like
tlie siliyl, and only reveals iier secrets to time,
leaf liy leaf. Ilitlierto she hits not exiiiliited tin;
real iiiitnre and eoni|iosltion of this liiiinmi enig-
ma. He lias lieeti thoui;hl a profound nolitielan ;
lie was only an eminent sectarian. Par siM;hted
Jiistorlans of deep researeli, such as lluine, Lin-
j^ard, Hossuet, and Voltaire, have all heen inls-
taken in Cromwell. The fault was not theirs,
))iit heloiiKcii to the epoch In wlileli they wrote.
Authentic doeuineiits had not then seen the lii;lit,
and the portrait of Croniwell had only heen
l)aintetl by his enemies. — L.v.M.viniNKH Ciid.m-
WKI-I,, p. 1.
asrO. HI8T0BY overlooked. Stnator y>il,r of
Florida. [He withdrew from the Senate when his
State seceded, and said in partin;^:) " 'I'lie State
of Florida. . . had decided to rec'all the powers
she had delc/^aterl (o the Federal Ooverninent,
and to assume the full exercise of iier soverei^jn
ri;;hts as an independent . . . community." At
what piirticular period in th(( history of tlio Amer-
ican continent Horichi had enjoyed " sovereij^n
rights," by wiiat process siie had ever " delegated
powers to the Federal Government," or at what
time she liad ever been an "independent . . .
commuiuty," Mr. Yulee evidently preferred not
to inform tlie Senate. [Florida was not one of
the original States.] — Bi.aink'h Twenty Yeaus,
cli. 11, p. 244.
33iO. HI8T0BT, Partiality of. ThomnHCrmn-
itell. The liistory of this great revolution, for it
is nothing less, is tlie history of a single man. In
the wlioie line of English statesmen there is no
one of whom we would willingly know so much,
no one of whom we really know so little, as of
Thomas Cromwell. When he meets us in Henry's
service he had alr(;ady passed middle life ; and
during his earlier years it is hardly possible to
do more than disentangle a few fragmentary
facts from the nuiss of fable which gather round
them. — Hist, of Eno. People, § 556.
2581. HISTORY, Providence in. Bdttle. The
French were defeated at Turin, and the whole
country was abandoned to the emjieror ; while
in the mean time his son, the archduke, was pro-
claimed at Madrid ; and Phili|) V., on the point
of losing his kingdom, had thoughts of evacuat-
ing Si)ain altogether, and establishing his do-
minion in America. This desperate resolution,
howi'vcr, was changed upon the victory of Al-
manza, where the Duke of Berwick, the natural
son of .lames II., defeated the imperialists with
their allies, and restored the spirits of the despond-
ing monarch. — Tyti.eu's Hist., Book 6, ch. 34,
p. 466.
35§3. HISTORY, Rewritten. Oliver Crmnwell.
The evident contradictions of the historians of
his own and other countries who had Invariably
exhibited him as \\ fantastic tyrant and u nielo-
dramatic hypocrite, induced Mr. ( 'arlylc to think,
with justice, that iN'iiealh these disconlani com
poneiits tliere miijlit be found another ( 'loinwell,
a being of nature, not of the iniaitination. (iuld
ed by tliat Insiinci of truth mid logic in which Is
comprl.sc(l thegeiiuisof erudite dls<'overy, Mr.
Carlyle, himself possessing the spirit of a secta-
rv, and delighting In an inde|H'ndcnt course, un-
(lertook to search on, and examine all the cor
respondence burled In the depths of pulillc or
private archives, and in wliicli, at the ditrirenl
tiatesof his doinestic, military, and political lift*,
Croniwell, without thinking that he should thus
paint himself, has in fact ilone so for the study
of posterity. Supplh'd with theses treasures of
Inilli and revelation, .Mr. Carlyle shut himself
up for some years in the .soliluileof the country,
that notiiing might distract his thoughts Iroiii his
work, 'i'heii having collected, cliissi'd, studied,
commented on, and rearrangeil these volumi-
nous letters of his hero, and having resuscitated,
as if from the tomb, the spirit oi' the man iiikI
the age, he comniitled to Europe this hitherto
unpublislied corresiiondenee, saying, with more
reason than .lean .lacipies Kousseau, " {{eceive,
and read ; behold the true Cromwell !" — IjA.mah-
Tl.NE'rt CilO.MWEM., p. 1.
ilANS. HISTORY, Romance of. JhnWir I.„tr».
Arietta's i)reity feet twinkling in the brook made
her the moiiierof William the Con((ueror. Had
she not tl us fascinated Duke Robert, tlie Lib-
eralof No'-mandy, Harold would not have fallen
at Hastings, no Anglo-Norman dynasty could
have ari.sen, no British empire. 't\w retlection
is Sir Francis l'alij;rave's ; and it is emphatically
true. If any onesliould write a history of " De-
ci.sive loves tliat have mat<'rially intliienced the
drama of the world in all its subseciuent scenes,"
the daughter of the tanner of Falaise would de-
.serve a conspicuous place in his pages. — Deci-
sive Batti.es, i5 273.
3384. HISTORY, Slandered by. Chrixtiann.
"Nero," says Tacitus, "exposed to accusation
and tortured with the mo.st ex(}uisite penalties
a set of men detested f()r their enormities, whom
the comnum people called 'Christians.' Chris-
tus, the founder of this .sect, was executed during
the reign of Tiberius ])y the Procurator Pontius
Pilate, and the deadly sujierstition, supjiressed
for a time, began to burst out once more, not
only throughout Judtea, where tlu; evil had its
1 lot, but even in the city, whither from every
quarter all things horrible or shameful are drift-
ed, and tind their votaries." The lordly di.sdain
which prevented Tacitus from making any in-
(piiry into tli(^ real views and character oi the
Christians is shown by the fact that he catches
tip the most baseless allegations against them.
He talks of their doctrines as savage and shame-
ful, wlien they breathed the very spirit of peaco
ami purity, itecharges them with beinganimat-
ed by a hatred of their kind, when their central
tenet' was an universal charity. The masses, ho
says, called them " Christians ;" and while he al-
most apologizes for staining his page with so
vulgar an appellation, he merely mentions, in
passing, that, though innocent of the charge of
being turbulent incendiaries, on which they
were tortured to death, they were yet a set of
aofl
IIISTOHY-IIOMK.
guilty and iiiruiiioiiM N<>cturi<'M, to lie cliiHNt'il witli
till' IdWist ilri'UM of Homiiii iiliiiliiuU. — Kmi-
kak'h Kaki.v Dayh, I'll. ;i, p, :u.
SIAMA. HISTORY, Volumlnout. S/„ihii/„,iir.
Till' ciitalomir of woiks iilioiil Sliiiki'spcun' in ijio
ItrillMli Mii<4runiroiisists. I iitii tolil, of foiir folio
volumi's. Tlir iiuTir cutulojjni' ! Wr liavi' in tliis
city Mi'Vi'i'iil colli'ilorsof Slmlti'Hpi'iiim JiliTiiliiri',
oni' of wlioni has u:ol. toi^rtlicr a sviiolu ri.oni fiiil
of hoiks, nninlH'iini;, prrliaps, two tlioiisand
voliiini'M, all of wlilrli ri'lali-, In sonin way, to
Hliaki'spi'iiii'. Nrvi'iMlirli'MH, tlir siilistuni'i'of what
wi' ri'ally know of llii! man ami Ills lilV ran lio
Htati'd in oni' of tlirsi' slioit iirllrli's. — Cvi'l.oi'K
DI.V OK liioii., p. 2'A.
'l^'iMO. HOAXES, Suooeii by. Wiin/iinf/fon frn-
in;/. llrviiiK's humorous Huliri', " 'I'lu; City of
Nisv \ork."| AsliMH'niloiiH iioax, It was laiinih-
cil with ii-siTJi's or small hoaxi's, thi; llrst of
wliirh npiH'aii'il in llii! Kiriumj /W of OiIoIiit
2<*>, IHOt). ill till' shajio of II para;;i'a|ih niirratiiiK
tlu! ilisa|)pi'ai'aniu! iroiii his loil^ing of a small,
iflilcrly fri'iitli'iiian, hy tlu; nami'of Ivnickctbork-
er. lie was slati'il to hi) ilrcsswl in an olil hlack
coat iinil a corki'il hat, ami it was intimatcil thai
thi'io wiM'uMomi' ira.sons forhi'lii^viniii thai ho was
not ill his ri;r||| nilml. Orcaltinxicly wasfi'll, ami
any infornialioii coni'iTninfr him woiilil hiMhank-
fully rccr'vi'il at the (N)liimhian Ilotol, MiiIImt-
ry Strci't, or al tho oHIci' of tlm impi-r. This
fci'lcr was fnllowi'd in a week or two hy a com-
iiiiinication from "A Traveller," who professed
to have seen him. . . . Ten days later (Novem-
lier (Uli) Mr. Seth Handiuside, "landlord of the
Iiidcpendeiil ('oluml)ian Hotel, inserted a card
in the same paper, in which \\" declared that
there had heen tonnd in the room of the missiiifj
man, Mr. Diedrich Knickerhocker, t curioUHkind
of ti irri'tfrn lumh, in his own himdwritinjjf ; and
lie wished the editor to notify him, if he was
nlive, that if he did not return and pay olT his
Mil for hoard he would have ti- dispose of his
hook to satisfv him for the same. The hail look.
. . . Till! "History of New York," which was
pnhlished in this city on the (Jtli of Decemlier,
1H09, was u success in more ways than one. Its
whiiu and satire am u.sed the lovers of wit and
liumor, and its irreverence toward the early
Dutch .settlers of the State annoyed and angered
their descendants. Between the.se two classes of
readers it was much talked ahout and largely
circulated. — Htoddaud'h Iiivinii, p. 28.
aSSr. HOBBYIST ridiculed. Columbus. Dur-
ing all this time he was exposed to (;ontiiiual
scoffs and indignities, heing ridiculed by the
light and ignorant as a mere dreamer, 'ind stig-
iniitized hy the illiberal as an adventurer. The
very children, it is said, pointed to their fore-
heads as he jiikssed, being taught to regard him
as a kind of madman. The summer of 14M()
pa.ssed away, but still Columbus was kept in
tantjilizing and tormenting suspense. — Iuving's
Colu.muls, Book 2, ch. 4.
35SS. HOLINESS, Fictitious. MxfiomH. Such
were the calm and rational jirecejits of the legis-
lator ; but in his jirivate conduct ^lahomel in-
dulged in the appetites of a man, and abused the
claims of a prophet. A special revelation dis-
pensed him from the laws which he had imposed
on his nation ; the female sex without reserve
was abandoned to his duHire.s ; and this singiiiar
prerogative excited the envy rather than the
Ncaiidal, the veneration rather lliaii the < nvy of
the devout .MiisMiilmans.— ({iiiiion'h Uomi;, ch.
50, p. 111).
*Mnn. HOLY Spirit profMied. M,ilin,n,l. Thii
piety of Moses and of Christ rejoiced in the as^
suriiiice of a future prophet more illuMtrioiii
than Ihcnis'lves ; the evangelic |)romlM' of the
I'araclele or Holy Ohosl was pretlgurid in the
name and aci omplished in the jiersoii of .Ma
lioniel, the greatest and the last of the ii|>oslles of
Ood.— Uiiiiio.N'rt Hii.Mi.;, ch. .")(», ji. KIU.
ilAftO. HOMAGE, Diiguiting. .I,im<^ II. |.\il-
da.the pope's niiii'!". was consecrated archbishop
of a tlctiliollsbi^llopril J Adda, wearing the robes
of his new olll.e, Joined the circle in the (lueen'a
apartnienis. .lames fell on his knees in the iires-
ence of the whole court, and implored a blessing.
In spite of the reslriiiiils im|)oscd by cliipietle,
the astonishment and disgust of the liystanders
could not be concealed. It was long, Indeed,
since an Knglish sovereign had knelt to iiioiial
man. — Ma( ailavh Knii., ch. H, p. 24)».
9A9I. HOMAGE uniurpaiied. SiiudhI .fnlniivm.
His respect for the hierarchy, and i)articiiliirly
the dignitaries uf the church, has been more tiiaii
once exhibited in llic course of this work. Mr.
Seward saw him nresented to the Archbishop of
York, and described his bow to an archbishop
as such a studied elaboration of homage, such
an (extension of limb, such a llexion of Imdy, as
have seldom or ever been equalled. — Boswkm-'h
•loilNSON, p. 401.
ilftft'i. HOME beautified. Sir WnltcrScntt'H first.
Ills first country home was the cottage at La.s.s-
wade, on the Esk, about six miles from Edin-
burgh, which betook in 170H, a few months after
his marriage, and retained till 1H( (. It wasajjretty
little cottage, in the be iiilillcalion of which Scott
felt great jtiide, and where he cxerci.icd himself
in the small beginiiingsoftlio.se tastes for altering
and planting which grew so rapidly ujion him,
and at last enticed him into caslle-building and
tre(!-culture on a dangerous, not to say ruinous,
scale. One of Scott's intimate friends, . . . Air.
MorritI, walked . . . withScott fou.'yearsafterlio
had left il, and was taken out of his way to seo
it. " I have been bringing you," he said, " where
there i.'i little eiiou.ijh to be seen, only that Scotch
cottc ■ ; but thou.ifh not worth looking at, I
couin II )t jiass it. It was our tirst country house
w!iti i.ewiy married, and many a contrivance it
had It make it comfortable, t made a dining-
tablc for it with my own hands. Look at these
two miserable willow trees on either side the gate
into the enclosure ; they are tied together lit the
top to be an arch, and a cross made of two sticks
over them is not yet decayed. To be sure, it i.s
not /■ uch of a lion to show a stranger, but I
wanted to .see it again myself, for I assure you
that after I had constructed it, mititiiiid (Mrs.
Scott) and I both of us thought it so fine wo
turned out to see it by moonlight, and walked
backward from it to the cottage-door, in admi-
ration of our own magnificence and its jiictu-
rcsijue effect." — Hl'tton'sLikk ofScott, ch. 7.
3503. HOME, Common. Ilimun. The hou.ses of
private citizens, and even those of the higher
cla.s.ses, were of a very moderate size during the
times of the republic. Tlic; Romans appear to
; !
n(»MK-ll()NKSTY.
noo
hnv<> llvi'd miicli in lli«' (>|M>n iitr, nit ii Kn>at imrt
of llii'lr liuililiii^'H lontiMii'd of vcstibulcH iiml
|)i>rtir(iM. 'I'lic lioiixcs wrrc ilcliiclii'il friiiii null
oilier. Itllil nsiiillly <>f nlic llodr. 'I'llc llitTrrrlil
ii|iiii'tiii*'iiN had ciii'li u xin^li'ilnor, cnli'iiiiK troiii
tilt' jiiillii yorixiilico. 'riicM'inmilininlH, cxicpl
till' tn'i-lii'iiinii or liiill, wliirc llity mU al imiih,
wore >f'''i<''"lly miiiill, imd Unfilled mdy I'y one
MniMi'i' window iiciirtiic cciliiiK'M. 'I'ln' inridliir)'
ol till' linii^c iiMii its dr('oriltii)iiM wrl'i- Niiiiplc, llir
W'ldJH tiriiiinii'iiti'd witli frcMco pidiilitii; in a liulit
1111(1 chi'i'ifid Mty|(>. 'I'lic larger houses iiad eacii
a pinien lieldnd for tlic ciildvallon of veireta
blex, Mild u few trees to yield a refresidnic slmde
ill Niiniiner.— Tyti.ku'h IIiwt., Hoolt (I, cli. 0,
p. 4 1:..
ilAOI. HOME deierted. f.omlontrii. The cof-
fee lioiise wiis (lie Ijondoii t's lionie ; . . . Iliose
will) wislied to tind a p'titleiiuiii eoniinoni v aslved,
not wliellier lieiived in Fleet Street or ( liaiieery
Lane. Iiiit whether he frei|iiented the Oreciaii or
the Hainliow. [HeiKn "f t'harle.s ll.J— Macau-
I<ay's Knii., eh. !J, p. H42.
ilAft5. HOME.ApalatUI. }{om<in. Aflerdin-
tier tiie yoiitli re|)aired to the Cainpiis Mar-
tluH, and spent the hours till sunset in a variety
of .sports and athletic exercises. The elder clasH
retired for an hour to repose, and llien passed
llu! afternoon in their porticos or galleries,
■wliicli, ill till! liouHe of every man of ranii,
formed a conspicuou.s part of the hiiildliur.
Many of thews were open to tlieair, supported on
|»illars of stone or marhle, under wliich they en-
joyed the e.xercise of walking, and Honietimes
of bt'injf carried in their litters. Other jrallerieH
wiTo slieltered from the air and li;ilited hy
windows of a traiiHparcnt talc or lajii.s spccularis,
■which supplied the place of j^lass. riiese covereil
jfallerics were oriminentcd in the richest manner
iiiid witlithe most exiiensive decorationn — k'I<1i'«I
roofs, painting's on tlie walls, and .statues in tho
niches — and adjoininj; to them were their lihra-
ries, which, in tlie latter days of tlu; repuhlic,
hecanie an article of ^reat expense, and on the
fiirnishim^ of which the hijrhcr classes ex])oiided
much taste. — Tyti-kii'h Hist., Book 4, ch. 4.
35ft«. HOME, A shaded. Puriton'H. Crom-
well's . . . houseliold was not so unplensant for
the imairiiiation to linjjer uixni as some may think,
Tlie life of the Puritan home reveals tli«r('hiircli
life of the jicriod ; even the air was laden with
my.sticisni — a lloatin^j mysticism pervaded almost
the whole theoloiry of the time; a mystic man
<im never lie a very merry man. The recreations
of the Puritan homes were reduced to the nar-
rowest compass comiiatihle with j^ood sense and
good ta.-te. Wakes Avere aholished, I\Iay-poles
pulled down, a-id cocktiirlits and liearlwitinj^'s
iiroiiirhl to an end. Mcantimo the Puritan was
not de. titute of recreation : there were nice tlower
gardens for the ladies and brave Held sports for
the gentlemen ; but the daily life of the Piinlan
was brought within a compa.ss Avliich, while it
did not prohibit the joke and tlic merry laugh,
must, we fancy, have often and usually shaded
down life to a sternness and habitual severity very
much in harmony, it may be, with the serious-
ucss of the times, but not retlecting that choer-
fuhiesB which u wiser and wider view of God
and truth and nature would create and permit.
— IIood's Ckomwkll, ch. 15, p. 190.
tlAIIT. HOME, Thoughtful of. Ahmham Un-
coin. [Ill IMIIO .Mr. l.iiKiiln \Na.s nominated for
President bv the KepulilicMii Conveiilion al
( hi< auo. I The siiperinteiidenl of the telegraph
company, who was prese-it, wrote on a scrap of
paper' ".Mr. Lincoln: ^dllal'e nnmiiiatedon tho
third liallol," and a boy ran with the nies.sage to
.Mr. lilncoln. Me loolied at it in Hileiice, amid
the shouts of those around him ; then rising and
iHiltlngit in his pocket, he said, quietly, " Tliero
Is a little woman down to our liouse who would
like to hear this— I'll go down and tell her. " —
Uavmomi's Lincoln, i h. It, p. 104.
!ia»M. HOME-LIFE, BavkgM'. .1 mmVvi/t Iiiih
iiiiiK. The savages are proud of idleness. At
home thev do little but cross their arms and
sit listlessly, or engage in games of chance, haz-
arding all their possessions on the result ; or
meet in council, or sing and eat, or play add
sleeii. 'I'lie greatest toils of the men were to
perlect the palisades of tin; forts, to maiiufaet-
uri' a boat out of a tree by means of tire and ii
stone hatchet, to repair tlieir cabins, to get
ready instruments of war or the chase, and to
adorn their jiersons. Woman is the laborer,
woiiian bears the burdens of life. '1' he food that
is raised from the earth is the fruit of her in-
dustry. With no instrument but a wooden mat-
tock or a slhailderblade of the bulTalo she plants
the mai/.c, tlie beans, and the running vines. Slut
drives the blackbirds from tlie conilield, breaks
the weeds, anil . . . gathers the harvest. Shu
pounds the parched corn, dries IhebulTalo meat,
and pre|)arcs for winter tin- store of wild fruits ;
she brings home the game which her husbanil
has killed ; she bears the wood and draws tho
water and spreads the rejiast. . . . The Indian's
wife was his slave, and the number of his slaves
was the criterion of his wealth.— UANtuotT'fl
U. iS., vol. a, ch. 22.
a»09. HOMES, Filthy. Enf/lnMl, Km. [Ema-
imis, the Dutch writer, (le.scribes theliomeaof tho
Knglish as he .saw them.] The English .so cou-
.striicted their rooms as to admit no thorough
draft. . . . The tloors are mostly of clay and
strewed with rushes. Fresh rushes are periodi-
cally laid over them, but the old ones remain for
a foundation for perhaps twenty years together.
[The abominations which Krasmus mentions
as collected in these successive layers need not
be mentioned.] — Knkiut'h Eno., vol. 2, ch. l."),
p. 2.")4.
3000. HOMES, Bobbed of. Vhirohre Lidiam.
These were the niosl civili/ed and humane of all
the Indian nalions. Tlicy had adopted the man-
ners of the whites. They had pleasant farms,
goodi}' towns, schools, ])rinting-presses, a writ-
fen code of laws. The Government of the I'nited
States had given to (Jeorgiaa jiledge to purchase
the Cherokee lands for tlie beiietU of the State.
. . . [L'lijust State legislation robbed them of
their rights.] The Indians then aiipealed to the
President [Jackson]. . . . He recommended their
removal . . . beyond the Mississippi. . . . More
than !J!."».0'K),000 were paid them for their lands,
but still they clung to their homes. At la.st
General Scott was ordered to removisthem totlio
new territory, using force if necessary. — Uii>-
I'ATn's U. S., ch. 44, p. 480.
2601. HONESTY auamed. OUcer Goldmmth.
The company was of u fumiliur, unceremonious
310
HONESTY.
kind, (Iclifrhting in tliut vory fincsfionahle wit
wlilcli consistM in playing' olT prnclical joixcs upon
cacli otiicr. Of one of tiicsv Goldsmith was
made tiic butt. Coniinir to the club one niirlit in
a hacliney <'oach, lie tfave thecf)achnian by niis-
taiii! a guinea instead of a shillinf;, ■which he set
down as a dead loss, for there was no likelihood,
lie said, that a fellow of this class would have
liie lionesty to retr.rn the money. On tlio ne.\t
club evening lie was toid a iKTson at tlu; street
door wi.shed to speak with hin\. He went forth,
but soon returned witli a radiant countenance.
To his 8urpri.se and delight the coachman had
actually broujjht back the guinea. While 1: ;
launched forth in praise or this unlooked-for
piece of lionesty, he declared it ought not to go
uiiiviwarded. Collecting a small sum from the
club, and no doubt ii>creasing it largely from his
own purse, he dismissed the Jehu with many en-
comiums on his goo(i conduct. He was still
chanting liis praises when one of the club re-
(juested a sight of the guinea thus honestly re-
turned. To Goldsmith's <'onfusion it i)roved to
be a counterfeit. The universal burst of laugh-
ter which succeeded, and the jokes by whicli he
was n.ssailed on every side, showed him that the
wliole was a hoax, and the pretended coachman
as much a counterfeit as the guinea. He was .so
di.sconcerted, it is said, that he soon beat a retreat
for the evening. — Iuving's Golds.mith, cli. 19,
p. 128.
3603. HONESTY confessed. Shorel. [When
James H. sent his Jacobite emis.siuy to seduce
the commanders of tlie British navy, he report-
ed that Sir Cloudesley Shovel was incorruptible.
" He is a man not to be spoken to," was tlieem-
is.sary's tribute.] — Knight's Eng., vol. 5, ch. 21,
p. 382.
3603. HONESTY of Conviotions. Wm. Pcnn.
A.D. 1671. Never fearing to openly ad<lres3
a Quaker meeting, he was soon on the road to
Newgate, to suffer for his honesty by a six
mouths' imprisonment. "You arc an ingen-
ious gentleman," sjiid the magistrate at the
trial ; " you have a plentiful estate ; why sliould
3'ou rentier yourself unhapiiy by associating with
such .simple people?" "I prefer," said Penn,
" the honestly simple to the ingeniously wicked."
— Bancuoft's U. 8., vol. 2, ch. 16.
3604. HONESTY, Ludicro:i8. DiVtry. "A Spir-
it^ial Diary and Soliloqines, by John Rutty,
jSI.D." Dr. Rutty wius one of the people called
Quakers, a physician of some eminence in Dub-
lin, and author of deveral works. This diary,
which was kept from 17-58 to 177.1, the year in
which he died, and was now published in two
volumes octavo, exhibited, in the simplicity of
his heart, a minute and honest register of the
state of his mind ; which, though frequently
laughable enough, was not more so than the
history of many men would be, if recorded with
equal fairne&s. The following specimens were ex-
tracted by the reviewers : " 'Tenth month, 1753 —
28. Indulgence in bed an hour too long. Twelfth
month, 17. An hypochondriac obnubilation from
wina and indigestion. Ninth mcnth, 28. An
over-do.so of whiskey. 29. A dull, cross, choleric
day. F. t month, 1757—22. A little swinish at
dianc.- and repast. 31. Dogged on provocation.
Second month, 5. Very dogged or snappish. 14.
Snappish on fasting. 26. Cursed snappishness to
those under me, on a bodily indisposition. Third
month, 11, On a provocation exerci.sed a durr.b
resentment for two days instead of scolding.
22. Scolded too v(;heinently. 23. Df)ggcd again.
Fourth month, 29. Mechanically and sinfully
dogged,"— !}oswKLi/8 Johnson, p. 342.
3605. HONESTY, Official. Abubekrr. When
Abubeker assumed the otlice of caliph he en-
joined his daughter Ayesha to take a strict ac-
count of his i>rivate i)atrini()ny, that it might i)e
evident wliether he were ennched or impover-
ished by the service of the State. He thought
hiuLself entitled to a stipend of three jiieces of
gold, witli the sufheient maintenance of a single
camel and a black slave ; but on the Friday of
cacii week he distributed the residue of his own
and the publit- money, tirst to the most worthy,
and then to the most indigent, of the 3Ioslems.
Tlu; remains of his wealtli — a coarse garment
and live pieces of gold — were delivered to hi3
succe.ssoi', wlif) lamented with a modest sigh hl»
own iiial)ility to equal such an admirable iuodel.
— Giuiion's Rome, ch. 51, p. 173.
3606. HONESTY, Promotion by. Pompcy. Hia-
tory has dealt tenderly with liini on acc(»unt of
his misfortunes, and has 'ot refused him de-
served admiration for (pialilies as rare in his age
as they Avere truly excellent. His capacities as a
soldier were not extraordinary. He had risen to
distinction by his honesty. The pirates who had
swept the ^Mediterranean liad bought their impu-
nity by a tribute paid to senators and governors.
They were supi)ressed instantly when a command-
er was sent against them wlK)m they were ima1)le
to bribe. The conquest of Asia was no less ea.sy
to a man who could resist temptations t(j enrich
himself . The worst enemy of Pompej' never
charged him with corruption or rapacity. So
far as he was himself concerned, the restoration
of Ptolemy was gratuitous, for he received noth-
ing for it. His private fortune, when he had the
world at his feet, was never more than moder-
ate ; nor as a politician did his faults extend be-
j-ond weakness and incompetence. — Fkoude's
C^SAii, ch. 23.
3607. HONESTY, Public. liahj. [Early in the
sixth century Italy, being a] country possess-
ed of many valuable objects of exchange, soon
attracted the merchants of ihe world, whose
beneficial traffic was encouraged and protected
by the liberal spirit of Theodoric. The free in-
tercourse of the provinces by land and water was
restored and extended ; the city gates were never
shut either by day or by night ; and the com-
mon saying, tiiat a purse of gold might be .safely
left in the fields, was expressive of the conscious
security of the inhabitants. — Gibbon's Rome,
ch. 39, p. 27.
360§. HONESTY in public Life. Olhrr Crom-
trell. [Cromwell the Protector left no wealth to
his family, notwithstanding the high positions
which he occupied and ihe opportunities of en-
richment at the expense of the State.] — Knight's
Eng., vol. 4, ch. 14, p. 217.
3609. HONESTY punished. Greek Emperor
Theodore Lnscans IT. On a march in Bulgaria
he consulted on a question of policy his princi-
pal ministers ; and the Greek logothete, George
Acropolita, presr-^ied to offend him by the dec-
laration of a f ■ t and honest opinion. The em
HONESTY— HONOR.
311
pcror half unsheathed his cimcter ; but liis more
deliberate rage reserved Acropolita for a baser
punishment. One of the first ofHeers of the eui-
l)ire wa.s ordered to dismount, stripped of his
robes, and extended on the ground in the pres-
ence of the prince and army. In this posture he
was ehastiseil with so many and such lieavy
blows from the clubs of two guards or execution-
ers, that when Theodore commanded them lo
cease, the great logotiieto was scarcely al)le to
rise and crawl away to his tent. After a seclusion
of some days he wna recalled by a peremptory
mandate to his seat in council ; and so dead were
the Greeks to the sense of honor and shame, that
it Is from the narrative of the sufferer himself that
■we acquire the knowledge of his disgrace. — Gib-
bon's lloME, ch. 62, p. 144.
«6I0. HONESTY, Scarcity of. riato. [Plato
was invited to lecture before I)ionysi\is the ty-
rant.] Justice was the. . . topic ; and when Plato
a.sserted the happine.s. of the ju.st and the wretch-
ed condition of the unjust, the tyrant was stung ;
and being unable to answer his arguments, he
expressed his resentment against those who seem-
ed to listen to him with pleasure. At last he was
extremely exasperated, and asked the philoso-
pher what bu.siness he had in Sicily. Plato an-
sv.'ered that lie came to .seek an honest man.
" And so, then," replied the tyrant, " it seems
you have lo.st your labor." — Plutaucii'b Dion.
3611. HONESTY, Unquestioned. WasJiing-
ion's. So noted for excellence was everything
bearing his brand, that a barrel of flour staniiied
" George Washington, Mount Vernon," was ex-
empted from the customary inspection in the
West India ports. — Custis' Washington, vol.
1, ch. 2.
3613. HONOR, Appeal to. Pmnan Emperor.
Gallienus often displayed his liberality by distrib-
uting among his officers the property oi his sub-
jects. On the accession of Clauaius an old
woman threw herself at his feet, and complained
tliat a general of the late emperor had obtained
an arbitrary grant of her patrimony. This gener-
al was Claudius h'-aself, who had not entirely es-
caped the contagion of the times. The emperor
blushed at the reproach, but deserved the confi-
dence which she had reposed in his equity. The
confession of his fault was accompanied with im-
mediate and ample restitution. — Gibbon's Rome,
ch. 11, p. 334.
3613. HONOR, Dangerous. Emperor of Rnne.
[The preceding emperors had been murdered
each in their turn during fourscore years.] The
troops, as if satiated with the exercise of power,
again conjured the senate to invest one of its own
body with the Imperial purijle. The senate still
persisted in its refusal, the army in its request.
The reciprocal offer was pressecl and rejected at
least three times, and while the obstinate mod-
esty of either party was resolved to receive a mas-
ter from the hands of the other, eight months
in.sensibly elapsed ; an amazing period of tran-
quil anarchy, during which the Roman world re-
mained witliout a .sovereign, without a usurper,
and without a sedition. — Gibbon's Rome, ch.
12, p. 367.
3614. HONOR, Debts of. Gambling. [The
German barbarians were deep gamblers.] Their
debts of honor (for in that light they have trans-
mitted to us those of play) they discharged with
the most romantic fidelity. The desperate game-
ster, who had staked his person and lilM-rty on
a last t'o-ow of the dice, patiently sulimittcd to
the decision of fortune, and suffered himself to
be bound, chastised, and sold into remote slavery
by his weaker but moreluck}- antagonist. — Gib-
bon's Ro.MK, ch. 9, i>. 201.
2615. HONOR, Humility with. r.ord Byron.
lie was a schoolb(>v, ten years old at the time,
living in Scotland with his mother, who had an
income of £135 a year, equal to about $25 a week
in our present currency. All at once came new.s
that Lord IJyron, the grand-uncle of the boy, was
dead, leaving no heirs to liis title and esfa'es ex-
cept this poor widow's son. Imagine the effect
upon a forward, sensitive, bashful, imaginative
boy — painfully ashamed because he had a lame
foot. It .seems that he was jnizzled at first with
his new lordship. The day after the news arrived
he ran up lo his mother, and said, " Moth(.'r, do
Jou .see any diiTerence in me since I became lord t
see noae."— Cyclopedia ok JJioo., p. 289.
3616. HONOR misplaced. 3A(/->/- J ;/^//v. [Hav-
ing been executed by Washington as a confessed
spy,] his king did right in offering honorable
rank to his brother, and in granting pensions
to his mother and sisters, but not in raising a
memorial to liis name in Westminster Abbey.
Such honor belongs to other enterprises and
deeds. The tablet has no fit place in a sanctuary,
dear from its monuments to every friend to gen-
ius and mankind. — Banckoft's U. S., vol. 10,
ch. 18.
3617. HONOR, National. Romani*. [During
the reigns of Hadrian and Antoninus Pius] the
Roman name was revered among the most re-
mote nations of the earth. The fiercest barba-
rians frequently submitted their differences to the
arbitration of the emperor, and we i.re informed
by a contemporary historian that he had seen am-
bassadors who were refused the honor which
they came to solicit, of being admitted into
the rank of subjects. — Gibbon's Rome, ch. 1,
p. 10.
3618. HONOR, Test of. John 11. the Good.
John was sent back to his dominions on promise
of a large ran.son ; but he was without finances,
without soldiers, for they refused to obey him,
and without credit ; yet he had a strong principle
of honor, for, being unable to .satisfy the condi-
tions of his liberation, lie returned to England,
surrendered himself once more a prisoner, and
died soon after in London. Note. — It was a no-
ble maxim of this prince, " That if good faith
should be totally forgotten by the rest of man-
kind, it ought still to find a place in the breast of
lirinces." It has, however, been conjectured that
John's strongest motive for returning to England
was a passion he had conceived for the Countess
of Salisbury, one of the most beautiful women
of that age".— Tytlek's Hist., Book 6, ch. 12,
p. 199.
3619. HONOR, Vanity of. Queen Mari/. [Mary
Queen of Scots, in her illness, was subject to
great melancholy, which she expressed often by
the exclamation,] I could wi.sli to be dead ! —
Knight's Eng., vol. 3, ch. 9, p. 144.
3630. HONOR in 'War. Napoleon. [When
he escaped from exile at St. Elba the army wel-
315
HONORS.
corned him, and Louis XVIII. ik-d. At the Tuil-
cries, in Napoleons former cabinet, were found]
a portfolio . . . contiiining the priviitc and con-
lidential papers of the kiiiL'. Tliey weni safe in
the kecpin/;^ of Napoleon ; liis pride of character
and delicate sense of honor would not allow him
to pry into these disclosures of the private life of
his enenues. He ordered them all to be sealed,
and to be sent by a despatch to their owner. —
AimoTTs N.\roi-EON B., vol. 2, cii. 26.
i262 1 . HONOBS, Bardemome. Gra it t—A Jfomo.
[When (Jcneral Grant visited Alfonso, King of
Spain,] Grant spoke of the .sympathy th<^ death
of his wife created in America. The king said
. . . they had been very happy together, and
she had helped him bear the burdens of the kingly
office, which were extremely irksome to him
Grant replied that the eight years of his Presi-
dency had been the most liara.ssing and weaiy
ones of his whole Hfe. — Genkual Guant's
Tkavei.s, p. 2.")9.
3633. HONOBS, Compulsory. Sntnrninvs. [lie
was apjiointed to command the Ea.stern Empire
under Emperor Probus.] That general, a man of
merit and experience, was driven into rebellion
by the absence of his sovereign, the levity of the
Alexandrian people, the pressing instances of
his friends, and his own fears ; but from the
moment of liis elevation he never entertained a
hope of empire or even of life. " Alas !" lie said,
" the republic has lost a u.seful servant, and the
rashness of an hour has destroyed the services
of many years. You know not," continued he,
' ' the misery of .sovereign power ; a sword is per-
petually suspended over our liead. We dread
our very guards, we distrust our companions."
[He was "soon destroyed.] — Gibbon's Komk,
ch. 12, p. ;iS3.
3623. HONOBS demanded. Cromwell. Not
an iota of the honors due to a crowned head
would he disj)ense with when negotiating, as the
Protector of England, with the proudest mon-
archs of Europe. Spain yielded, with little hesi-
tation, to accord to him the same .stjde as was
claimed by her own haughty monarchs ; but
Louis [XIV.] of France sought, if possible, some
comi>r()inise. His tirst letter was addres,sed to
" His Most Serene Highness, Oliver, Lord Pro-
tector," etc., but (,'romwell r(;fused to receive it.
The more familiar title of " Cousin" was in like
manner rejected, and Louis and his crafty min-
ister, the Cardinal 3Iazarin, were compelled to
concede to him the wonted mode of address be-
tween sovereigns: "To Our Dear Brother."
" AV'hat I" exclaimed Louis to his minister,
" shall I call this ba.se fellow my brother ?"
" Ay," rejoined his astute a(lvi.ser, " or your fa-
ther, if it will gain your ends, or you will have
him at the irates of Paris !" — IIoou's Cbomwell,
ch. 16, p. 21.J.
3634. HONOEJ, Miserable. Aged Emperor Tac-
itus. The glory and life of Tacitus were of
short duration. Transported, in the depth of
winter, from the soft retirement of Campania to
the foot of Mount Caucasus, he sunk under the
unaccustomed hardships of a military life. The
fatigues of the body were aggravated by the cares
of the mind. . . . The angry and seltish passions of
the soldiers . . . soon broke out with redoubled
violence, and raged in the camp and even in the
teat of the aged emperor. His mild and amiable
character served only to inspire contempt, and
he was incessantly tormented with factions which
he could not a.ssunge and by demands which it
was inii)o.s.sible to .satisfy. . . . His last hour wjus
ha.stened by anguish and disappointment. It
may be doubtful whether the soldiers iml)rued
their hands in the blood of this innocent prince.
It is certain that their insolence was the cause of
his death.— Gibbon's Rome, ch. 12, p. 373.
3635. HONOBS, Premature. IMirar. [Tlie
Wa.shington of the States of Colombia.] Spain
renewed the war, and Bolivar was called again to
the supreme command. Three n.ore bloody cam-
paigns were necissary before the Spaniards were
Avhollyand finally expelled from the soil of Co-
lombia, by which name the confederated republics
were called. In 1825 Bolivar once more abdicat-
ed the dictatori-hip. An equestrian statue having
been decreed him by the corporation of his na-
tive city, he declined the honor, saying, "Wait
till after my death, that yoi; may judge me with-
out prejudice, and accord to me then such honors
as j-ou may deem suitable ; but never rear monu-
ments to a man as long as he is alive. He can
change, he can betray. You will never havetliis
reproach to make to me ; but wait a little long-
er." — Cyclopedia ok Biog., p. 490.
3636. HONOBS resigned, Diocletian. It was
in the twenty-first year of his reign that Diocle-
tian executcil his memorable resolution of abdi-
cating the empire, an action more naturar '■ to
have been expected from the elder or the you* cc
Antoninus than from a prince who had n ^ver
])racti.sed the ks.sons of philosophy either in the
attainment or in the use of supreme power. Dio-
cletian ac(iuired the glory of giving to the world
the tirst example of a resignation, which has not
been very frequently imitated by succeeding
monarchs. . . . [He Avas only fifty-nine.] It
was time to put an end to the painful struggle
which he had sustained during more than a year,
l)etween the care of his health and that of his
dignity. — Gibbon's Rome, ch. 13, p. 441.
<t637. . Charles V. The abdica-
tion of Charles appears to have been hastened by
the vicissitude of fortune ; and the disappoint-
ment of his favorite schemes urged him to relin-
quish a power which he found inadequate to his
ambition. But the reign of Dincletian had flow-
ed with a tide of uninterrupted success ; nor was
it till after he had vanquished all his enemies
and accomplished all his designs that he seems
to have entertained any serious thoughts of re-
signing the empire, . . . [He was fifty-five years
old, and] recpiired indulgence and relaxation ; the
latter compelled him to direct, from the bed of
.sickness, the administration (>f a great empire.
He resolved to pass the remainder of his days in
honorable repo.se, to place his glory beyoncl the
reach of fortune, and to relinquish the theatre
of the world to his younger and more active as-
sociates. — Gibbon's Ro.me, ch. 13, p. 441.
363§. HONOBS, Unexpected. Miss Sallie
Tfto7)ipso)i. [A ]\Ia.ssachusetts girl, daughter of
" Count Rumford."] Rumford assumed the com-
mand of the Bavarian forces, and by liis firmness
and presence of mind prevented either French or
Austrians from entering ^lunich. The considera-
tion in which he was held is illustrated by the
fact that t'ie elector made Miss Thompson a
countess of the empire, conferring on her a pen-
nONOUS— HOSPITALITY.
313
BJon (if JL'200 a year, witli lilu'ity to (iijoy it in
any fdiiiilrv wlicrc she lui^lit wisli to reside,
'nil' New I'^iiijlaiKl girl, lirougiit up in tlie quiet
lido ■ t Concord, transplanted tlienee to Ijon-
<li)ii, ''nd al'terward to Municli, was subjected to
a soinewliat Iryini,' ordi'al. — Tyndai.i.'h t'oiNT
KlIMKOUI).
2029. HONORS, Unmerited. Kmperor Viu-ifiii,.
AVith the senators Carinus alTected a lo: and
re^ral demeanor, frequently declaring that he
desiuiied to distrihuto tlieir estates among tlie
populace of Home. From tli"dregsof that popu-
lace he selected Ids favorites, and even his minis-
ters, 'l"he palace, and even tiie InqxTial table,
were tilled wit li singers, dancers, prostitutes, and
all th(; various retinue ol vice and folly. One
of his doorlvcepers he intrusted with the govern-
nieiil of the city. In tlieroom of the Pnttorian
])refect, whom he put to death, Carinus suli.sti-
tuled one of tlie nunisters of liis looser pleas-
uns. — GinnoNs Homk, cli. Vi, p. :W:{.
2630. HONORS won by Merit. " Win his
Xpiirx." [Battle of C'recy, 1154(5. | Tlie counts of
Aleii(.'on and Flanders at length disengaged
themselves, and wheeling round, made a des-
perale onset on the first diivision of the Fnglish,
commanded hy the young Prince of Wales. The
prince fought heroically, but finding himself
hardly pres.sed, sent to entreat his father to sup-
])ort him with the reserve. The king, who watcli-
ed the buttle from a windmill, first satisfied him-
self that his son was neither dead nor disabled,
and then declined to move to his assistance. " Let
the boy win his spurs," .said he; " for, if God will,
I desire that this day be his, and that all the
honor of it shall remain with him and those to
whom I have given him in charge." Thus (en-
couraged and e.xcited, the Englisli stood as im-
movable as a rock." — Sti'dknts' Fuancic, di.
10, ij 7.
2031. HOPE, Happiness in. Sitiinui JohnKon.
He tiiis day enlarged upon Pope's melancholy
remark,
" Man never />, but always to /yt blest."
He asserted that the prettetd was never a happy
state to any human being ; but that, as every
])art of life of which we are conscious was at
some point of time a period yet to come, in which
felicity was expected, there was some happiness
produced by hope. Being pressed upon this
subject, and asked if he really was of opinion
that thovigh, in general, happiness was very rare
in human life, a man was not sometimes happy
in the moment that was present, he answereil,
"Never, but when he is drunk." — Boswkli.'s
Joii.NsoN, p. 248.
2632. HOPE a Treasure. Pcrfl.WnK. [Alex
ander the Great was generous to his friends.]
Though his provision was . . . small, he chose, at
his embarkation, to inquire into the circum-
stances of his friends ; and to one he gave a farm,
lo another a village ; to this the revenue of a
borough, and to that of a i)ost. Wlien in this
manner he had disposed of almost all the estates
of the crowd, Perdiccas asked him what he
had reserved for himself. The king answered,
" Hope." " Well," rejilied Perdiccas, " we who
share in y(mr labors will also take part in j'our
hopes." In consefjuence of which he refu.sed
the estate allotted him, and some others of the
king's friends did the .same. — Pi-utaucii'b Al-
KX.V.NUKK.
2633. HORSE, An honored, fii/ WaiihiugUm.
The charger whicli bore him wiieii he received
the -iv.-oni of the vaiaiuished [Cornwallis] . . . was
a chestnut with a white face and legs, and was
called Mil)«»t. . . . After the war was over it was
never mounted more, but . . . well cared for. . . .
It died of old age at iMounI Vernon many years
after the lievolution. — Cl'STis' Washinhton,
vol. l.ch. 2.
263'!. HORSEMEN, Expert. Sri/t/iiiois. The
Scythians (>f every age have been celel)ratod as
bold and skilful riders; and constant practice
had .seated them .so lirmly on horseback, that
they were supposed by strangers to ])erform the
ordinary duties of civil life, to eat, to drink, and
even to slecj), without dismounting from their
steeds. — Gihhon's Komk, ch. 26, p. 9.
2635. HORSES, Care of. Woxfiinf/ton'ii. The
President's stables at Philadelphia were under
the care of German John, and the grooming of
the white chargers will rather surprise the mod-
erns. The night licfore the horses were . . . t(i
be ridden they were covered entirely over with
white paste, of whicli whiting was the principal
component i)art ; then the animals were swathed
ill body-clothes and left to sleep on clean straw.
In the morning the composition had liecome
hard, was well rubbed in, and curri<d and
brushed, which process gave to the coats a
beautiful glossy and satiu-like appearance. —
C'rsTis' Washinoton, vol. 1, ch. 20.
2636. HORSES in War. 7'/vv/. Troy was
taken three times : the first time by Hercules, ou
account of Laomedon's horses ; the second time
by Agamemnon, through means of the wooden
horse ; the third by Charidennis, ahorse ha])])en-
ing to stand in the way, and hindering the Tro-
jans from shutting the gates .so quickly as they
should have done. — Pi.i TAncirH Si;ht()UH'8.
2637. HORTICULTURE, Pleasures of. T/k'o.
(lorir. [The Gothic King of Italy.] After the
example of the last emperors. '1 heodoric ])re-
ferred the residence of Ravenna, where he culti-
vated an orchard with his own liands. — Gih-
hon's Rome, ch. ;<9, p. 25.
263^. . NojMih-on T. [When in
exile at St. Helena his physician recommended
digging in the ground.] Things around .soon as
sumed a different aspect. Here was an excava
tion, there a basin or a road. We made alleys,
grottoes, cascades. We planted willows, oaks,
peach-trees, to give a little ^1' "v around the
liou.se. . . . We sowed b ..ns and peas. —
Ahhott'h Nai'oi.kon B., vol. 2, ch. ;?3.
2639. HOSPITALITY appreciated. Rmnan.
It was a general custimi, in preparing for a lux-
urious meal, to take a vomit a short time before
sitting down to tal)U'. This was not regarded as
a mark either of gluttony or ej>icurisin, but was
held to be done incomi>linienf to the entertainer,
that his guesf.^ might be enabled to carry off a
greater <iuantity of his good fare. When Julius
("a>sar paid a vi.sif of reconcilement to Cicero by
inviting himself to sup with him, he took care
to let Cicero know that he had taken a vomit
beforehand, and was resolved to make a most
enormous meal ; and Cicero tells us he kept his
word, which, for his own part, he took very
314
IIOSI'ITAF.ITY.
kindly, imd as a mark of Cipsars hijjh iiolilc-
ncss. — Tyti, Kit's Hist., Hook 4, cli. 1, p. 4!'M.
il640. HOSPITALITY without Charity. Kiif/-
IM. [An lUilian travrllcrof \'M) ridicules p^iijj-
lish osU-ntation in fcastin^r. | They lliink that
no greater lionor can Im' confcrrcil or n^ceivcd
than to invito others to cat with tlieni ; and
they would sooner give five or six ducats to
provide an entertainment for a person than a
groat to assist him in any distress. — Kniout'h
Eno., vol. 2, ch. 15.
aeil. HOSPITALITY, Courtly. Uuis XIV.
[To James II., (lie fugitive king of England.)
Saint G(;rmain's liad now been selected to he tlu;
abode of the royal family of England. Sumptu-
ous furniture had heeii hastily sent in. TIk-
nursery of the Prince of Wales had been canv
fully turnislied with everything that an infant
cohIiI require. One of the attendants presented
to the ((ueeu the key of a superb casket which
stood in her apartment. She opeiu-dthe casket,
and found in it six thousand pistoles. On
the following day James arrived at Saint Ger-
main's. Louis was already there to welcome
him. The luifortunate exile bowed so low that
it seemed as if he wius about to embrace \\w
knee^ of his protector. Louis raised him, and
embraced him with brotherly tenderness. The
two kings then entered the (pieen's room. ' ' 1 lere
is a gentleman," said I.,{)uis to Mary, " whom
you will be glad to .see." Then, after entreating
his guests to visit him next day at Versailles, aiKl
to let him have the plea.surcot showing them his
buildings, pictures, plantations [he gave him
£4r),000 sterling a year and £10,000 for his out-
lit]. — Macaul.vy's Enc;., ch. 10, p. 55.').
2642. HOSPITALITY, Duty of. Abruhdw.
[The Arabs have a tradition tlial the] first time
Al)raham vi-sited Mecca he stopped at the door of
Lshmael and called him by his name. Ainara,
the wife of lshmael, came to the door. " Where
is lshmael ?" incjuired the patriarch, without dis-
moimting. " lie is hunting," replied Amara.
" Have you nothing to give me to eat ? for I
cannot come down." " I have nothing," said
Amara; "this country is a desert." "Very
well," rejoined Abraham ; " say to your husband
Inat you have seen a stranger, describe to him
my figure, and tell him that 1 recommend him to
change the threshold of his door." Amara, on
the return of lshmael, acquitted herself of the
message. Her husband, offended that she had
refused his father hospitality, repudiated her, and
married a woman of another tribe, named Sayda.
Al)raham returned some time after to visit his
son. He was absent. A j'oung, slim, and gime-
ful woman came to the threshold of the door to
make reply to the stranger. "Have you .some
nourishment to give me ?" asked Abraham of
his daughter-in-law, without making himself
known or dismounting from his horse. " Yes,"
Siud she in an in.stant. ■ And going into the house,
she returned soon after, presenting to the traveller
some cooked venison, milk, and dates. Abraham
ta.sted the edibles, then blessed them in .saying,
" May God multiply in this country tliese three
species of nutriment." — Lamahtine's Turkey,
p. 44.
3643. HOSPITALITY, False. Rmian. PIos-
pitality was formerly the virtue of th(! Romans ;
and every stranger who could plead either mer-
it or misfortune was relieved or rewaided by
their generosity. At |)re.sent, if a foreigner, i>er-
haps of no coiitemptil)le rank, is introduced to
one of i\\v |)roud and wealthy senators, he is
welccmied indeed in the first audience with su( h
warm jjrofe.ssions and such kind in(|uiries thai
he n^tires, enchanteil with flui atTabilily of his
illustrious friend, and full of regret that he bad
so long delayed his journey to Rome, the native
seat of manners, as well as of empire. Secure of
a favoral)le reception, he repeats his visit the en-
suing day, and is mortified by the discovery that
his person, his name, and his country arc al-
ready forgotten. If lie still has resolution to
jiersevere, he is gradually numberc ! in the train
of dependents, and ob«Minsthe permi.ssion to pay
his a.ssiduous and unprofitable court to a haughty
patron, incapable of gratitude or friendslii[),
who scarcely deigns to remark his presence, his
departure, or his return. — Giuhon'h Rome, ch.
31, p. 2.5(5.
'2<J44. HOSPITALITY toT^aVLftn. Beurdirt Ar-
nolii. [He led thelJriti.sh to burn New London,
C-'onn.] Men who had known him in other days
as an enterprising trader recognized him as he .sat
upon his horse, calmly surveying the progress of
theflames. Hehad theeffrontery to enter a house
where often he had been honorably entertained
as a guest, and there .satisfy his hunger from tlie
l)lun(ler of the pantry ; and when he had finished
ids repast he ordered the house to be fired. Ho
is said to have expressed his regret that he coidd
not go as far as Norwich, and burn the very
house in which he was born, — Cyclopedia ok
BiO(!., p. 231.
2645. HOSPITALITY painful. To DmihardH.
While Alboin served under his father's stand-
ard, he encountered in battle and transpierced
witli his lance the rival prince of tlie Geiiidiv.
The Lombards, who applauded such early
prowess, reiiuested his father, with unanimous
acclamations, that the heroic youth, who had
shared the dangers of tlie field, might be admit-
ted to the feast of victory. " You are not un-
mindful," replied the inflexible Audoiii, "of the
wise customs of our ancestors. Whatever may
1)0 his merit, a prince is incapable of sitting at
table with his father till he has received his arms
from a foreign and royal hand." Alboin iiowed
with reverence to the institutions of his country,
selected forty companions, and boldly visited the
court of Turisund, king of the Gepida?, who
embraced and entertained, according to the laws
of hospitality, tlie murderer of his .son. At the
banquet, while Alboin occupied the seat of the
youth whom he had slain, a tender remembrance
arose in the mind of Turisund. " How d«ar
is that place ! liow hateful is that j)er.son !"
wore the words that escaped, with a sigh, from
the indignant father. — Gibbon's Rome, ch. 4."),
p. 389.
2646. HOSPITALITY, Beluctance in. R,r.
Thomas Wore. [Ho was one of the early jMetli-
odist preachers. On one occasion ho stopped at
the house of a Capt^un Sears, whom he tir.sl re-
proved for his anger toward liis barking dogs,
and then applied for ontortainmcnt.] Tlie cap-
tain paused a longtime, looking steadily at him,
and then said, " I hate to let you stay the worst
of any man I over saw ; but, as I never refu.sed
a stranger a night's lodging in my life, you may
HOSPITALITY— HUMANITY
316
aliKlit." Tlio (•iiptiiin soon becriinie a Christiiiii
iiiui a lifelong' friend. — Stkvens' M. E. Chuhch,
vol. 3, p. !{()«.
2647. HOSPITALITY, Saorod. Arafin. Tlio
Arahs pushed io superstition their respect of
liospitality. Tlieir most inveterate enemy foiind
refuge, security, and (!ven protection, as soon as
he succeeded in touching the cord of their tents
or the gown siiirts of their wives. — Lamahtine's
Ti;kkkv, p. 47.
!i64K. . " S^ilt." In a nocturnal visU
to the treasure of the; prince of Sistan, .Jacob,
the son of Leitli, stumbled over a lump of salt,
which he unwarily tasted with his tongue. Salt,
among the Orientals, is the symbol of hospitality,
and the pious robber immediately retired with-
out spoil or damage. — Gibhon's Rome, ch. 52,
p. ;537.
3«49. HOSPITALITY of Savages. Columbus.
Their kindness and gratitude could not then l)e
exceeded, and the march of the army was con-
tinually Retarded by the hospitality of the nu-
merous villages through whi(;h it i)assed. Such
was the frank comnnmion among these people
that the Indians who accompani(!d the army en-
tered without ceremony into the houses, helping
themselves to anything of which they stood in
need, without exciting surjirise or anger in the
inhabitants ; the latt(!r ottered to do the same
with respect to the Spaniards, and seemed a.s-
tonished when they met a repulse. This, it
is probable, was the case merely with respect
to articles of food ; for we are told that the Ind-
ians were not careless in their notions of prop-
erty, and the crime of theft was one of ihe few
which were punished among them with great
severity. Food, however, is generally open to
free participation in savage life, an(l is rarely
made an object of barter, until habits of trade
have been introduced by the white men. The
\mtutxired savage in almost every part of the
world scorns to make a traffic of hospitality. —
Ihvino's Columbus, Book 6, ch. 9.
3650. HOSPITALITY, Spirit of. ' ' TMdglngs. "
John.son said once to me : " Sir, I honor Derrick
for his presence of mind. One night, when
Floyd, another poor author, was wandering
about the streets in the night, he found Derrick
fast asleep upon a bulk ; upon being .suddenly
waked. Derrick started up : ' My dear Floyd, I
am sorry to .see you in this destitute .stat« ; will
you go home witli ma to my lodr/ings?'" — Bos-
well's Johnson.
3651. HOSPITALITY, Universal. Amei-ican
Induirut. The hospitality of the Indian has rare-
ly been questioned. The stranger enters his
cabin, by day or by night, without asking leave.
. . . He will take his own rest abroad, that he
may give up his own skin or mat of sedge to his
guest. Nor is the traveller questioned as to the
purpose of his visit ; he chooses his own time
freely to deliver his message. — Bancuoft's U. S. ,
Tol. 3, ch. 23.
3653. HOSPITALS, Mohammedan. Imarets.
[Orkhan, the Mohammedan conqueror of Nice,
founded there] the first liospitals charged to feed
rtie poor by obligatory donations from the faith-
ful. These hospitals, suggested by a prescrip-
liion of Mahomet, which claimed a portion of the
revenues of the rich for the indigent, were called
imarets. Orkhan himself, after the example of
the prophet and the Khaiifs, used to distribute
.soup there to the poor of Nice, — Lamautink'h
Tl UKEY, p. 21«.
365». HOSTAGE, Safety by. CorUz. [He in
vadcd Mexico.] Millions of natives who Nwarmed
around him were beconung familiar with his
troops, and no longer believed them inunortal.
There were murmurings of an ouli)n uk which
threatened to overwhelm them in an hour. In
this emergency the Spanish general adopted the
bold and unscrupulous exi)edient of seizing Mon-
tezuma and holding him as a hostage. A plau-
sible jiretext for this outrage was foMnd. — Itin-
I'ATii's U. 8., ch. 4, p. 59.
3654. HOSTILITY, Supreme. M'illiam of Or-
(HKje. Yet even his affection for the land of his
birth was subordinate to another feeling which
early became sui)reme in his .sotd, which mixed
itself with all his ])a.ssions, which impeUed him
to marvellous enterprises, which supported him
when sinking under morlitication, i)ain, sickness,
and sorrow, which, toward the close of his ca-
reer, seeme(l during a short time to languish, but
which soon broke forth again fiercer tlian ever,
and continued to animate him even while Ww
])rayer for the departing was read at his bedside.
That feeling was enmity to France, and to the
magnificent king who, in more than one sen.se,
represented France, and who, to virtues and ac-
complishments eminently French, joined in large
measure that luuiuiet, unscrupulous, and vain-
glorious ambition which has rei)eate(lly drawn
on France the resentment of Europe. — Macau-
lay's Eno., ch. 7, p. 1G9.
3655. HOTELS, First established. England.
[In the thirteenth century] there were drinking
houses for wine, and alewives sold beer ; there
was no establishment at this jieriod which sup-
plied, besides drink, food and beds. It was not
until the middle of the fourteenth century that
the hostel or tavern had its origin. — Knight's
En(4., vol. 1, ch. 26, p. 399.
3656. HUMANITY, A common. Sinful. Says
the Duchess of Buckingham to Lady Hunting-
don, who had asked her to come and hear White-
field : " I thank your ladyship for the informa-
tion concerning the Methodist preachers ; their
doctrines are most repulsive, and strongly tinct-
ured with disrespect toward their superiors, in
perpetually endeavoring to level all ranks and do
away with all distinctions. It is monstrous to
be told you have a heart as .sinful as the common
wretches that crawl on the earth. This is high-
ly offensive and insidting ; and I cannot but
wonder that your ladyship should relish any .sen-
timents so much at variance with high rank and
good breeding. I shall be most hajipy to come
and hear your favorite preacher." Her Grace's
sentiments toward the common wretches that
crawl on the earth were shared, we may be sure,
by her Grace's waiting-maid. Of humanity there
was as little as there was of religion. It was the
age of the criminal law which hanged men for
petty tliefts, of life-long imprisonment for debt,
of the stocks and the pillory, of a Temple Bar
garnished with the heads of traitors.— SMirn's
CowPER, ch. 1.
3657. HUMANITY deified. Julhis C(vmr.
His person was declared sacred, and to injurw
;ji(i
lirMANITY-Hr.MILIATIOX.
Iiiiii by word or deed wiis to be counted siu-ri-
k'^t'. Tlie fortune of Cicsur was introduced into
tlio constitutional oatb, and the Senate took a
siilenui |)l('(i,ii;e to maintain liis acts inviolate. Fi-
nally tliey arrived at a conclusion that he was
not a man at all; no lonf,'cr Cains Julius, l)ut
Divus Julius, a jLfod or the .son of a .n'od. A tem-
l)le was to lie built to Cie.sar as another Quirinus,
and Antony was to hv, his priest. Ca-sar l<new
tiie meaninir of all this. He must accejit their
flattery and become ridiculous, or he nnist a])-
pear to treat witn contumely the Senate which
offered it, — FnoiDK's C.Ks.Mt, eh. 30.
a«5S. HUMANITY, Dwarfs of. Of the Mmn.
Swedeiiliori; tells us that the Lunarians are
dwarfs, like liovs (tf seven years old, with ro-
bust, bodies and plea.sant countenances. They
do not speak from their lun^s, on account of the
attenuated nature of their atmos|)here, but from
a (piantily of air collected in the abdomen. —
\ViinK's"Swi:ni.;Nn()ii(i, ch. 14, p. VXiS.
2650. HUMANITY, Generous. SamndJoh,)-
t<'>ii. His li'enerous humanity to the miserable
was idmusi beyond example. The followinj;- in-
stance is well attested : t'ominif home late one
ni^ht he found a \n}ov woman lying in the
street, so nuich exhausted that she could not
walk ; he took her ujion his back and carried
her to his Inaise, where he discovered that she
was one of those wretched females who hud
fallen iiUo the lowest state of vice, jioverty, and
di.sease. Instead of harshly upbraiding her, he
had her taken care of with all tenderness for a
long time, at a considerable expense, till she
was restored to health, and endeavored to put
lier i!ilo a virtuous way of living. — Bosweli/s
Johnson, \). 'yiil.
2660. HUMILIATION, Abject. Lord Clorcn-
iliiii. The viceroy had .scarcely returned to Dub-
kin from his unpleasing tour when he receiv-
ed letters which informed him that he had in-
curred the king's .serious displea.sure. His
Majesty — so the.se letters ran — expected his .ser-
vants not only to do what he commanded, but
to do it from the heart, and with a cheerful
countenance. The lord-lieutenant had not, in-
deed, ri'i'used to co-operate in the reform of the
army and of the civil adnnnistration, but his co-
operation had been reluctant and perfunctory.
His looks had betrayed his feelings, and ever}'-
body saw that he disapproved of the policy
which he was employed to carry into effect. In
great anguish of mind he wrote to defend him-
self ; but he was sternly told that his defence
was not satisfactory, ite then, in the most ab-
ject terms, decl.ured that he would not attempt
to justify himself ; that he acquiesced in the
royal judgment, be it what it might; that he
prostrated himself in the du.st ; that he implored
pardon ; that of all penitents he was the most
sincere ; that he shoidd think it glorious to die
in his .sovereign's cause, but found it impo.s.sible
to live mider his sovereign's displeasure. Nor
was this mere interested hypocrisy, but, at lea.st
in part, luiafl'ected slavi.shness and poverty of
spirit ; for in confidential letters, not meant for
the royal e\e, he bemoaned himself to liis family
in the .same strain. lie was mi-serable ; he was
crushed ; the wrath of the king was insupport-
able ; if that wrath could not be mitigated, life
would not be worth having. The poor man's
terror increa.sed when he learned that it had been
deternnned at Whitehall to recall him, and to
appoint, as his successor, his rival and calum-
niator, Tvrcomiel. — Ma(Ai:i.ay's Eno., ch. 0,
p, i:).').
26<H. HUMILIATION, Barbarous. liji Ti-
iiKiiir. Ahmed Aral)sliah likewise relates another
outrage, which Baja/.et [the captured Ottonnui
sultan] endured, of a more donu>slic and tender
nature. His indiscreet mention of women and
divorces was deeiily resented by thv jealous
Tartar ; in the feast of victory the wine was
.served by female cupbejirers, and the sultan be-
held his own concubines and wives confounded
among the slaves, and ex])osed without a veil to
the eyes of intemi>erance. To esca|)e a .similar
indignity, it is .said that his successors, except in
a single instance, have abstained from legitimate
miptials. — (tiinioNs Ho.mk, ch. ()"», p. 209.
2662. HUMILIATION by Defeat. Itovinmat
('iiiKfiiini. The Samnites, surprising tluaii in a
narrow defik! near that town, had it in their
l)ower to cut t'lem off to a man. Pontius, the
general of the Sanmites, made the whole Roman
army, with the consuls at their head, naked and
disarmed, j)ass imder tli" yoke. . . . When the
dreadful ceremony began, and when they .saw
the garments torn from the backs of the consuls,
and tho.se men whom they had been accust<inu'd
to regard with veneration thus ignonnniouslv
treated, (^very one forgot his own calamity, ami,
filled with horror, turned aside his eyes, that he
nught not behold the miserable humiliation of
the rulers of his country. It was evening when
the Roman army was suffered to pass out of the
defile ; and when night came on, naked and des-
stitute of everything, they threw them.selves
down in despair in a field near the city of Capua.
The magistrates, senators, and chief men of the
place repaired to the spot where they laj', and
endeavored tocond'ort and soothe tlieirdi.stress ;
but they sj)oke not a word, nor ever rai.sed their
heads from the ground. The next day tliey
proceeded in the sa:ne uielancholy dejection to
Rome, where their disaster had occasioned the
utmost consternation, and the whole city had
gone into mourning. — Tvti.ku's Hist., Book 3,
ch. 7. p. 853.
2663. HUMILIATION with Insult. Henri/ VI.
Pope Celestinus, while Henry \'I. was kneel-
ing to ki.ss his feet, took that opportuiuty of
kicking off his crown. He made aniends to
him, however, for this iniiolence, by making him
a gift of Najjles and Sicily, from which Henry
had extirpated the last of tlie Norman princes.
— TvTi.Eii's Hist., Bfiok 0, ch. 7, p. 130.
2664. HUMILIATION, Insupportable. Olirer
GoUhttiith. He forthwitli gave a sui)per and
dance at his chamber to a number of young per-
sons of both .sexes from the city, in direct viola-
tion of college rules. The unwonted .sound of
the fiddle reached the ears of the implacjdile
Wilder. He rushed to the scene of unhallowed
festivity, inflicted corporal punishment on the
" father of the feast," and turned his astonished
guests neck and heels out of doors. . . . This
filled the nieasure of poor Goldsmith's humilia-
tions ; he felt degraded both within college and
without. He dreaded the ridicule of his fellow-
.students for the ludicrous termination of his or-
gie, and he was ashamed to meet his city ac-
III'.MHJATION— IIIMILITV
;U7
cumiiitniucs nt'lcrllK' dcjinwliiiK clmstist'incnl rc-
C('iv(!(l ill llicir picscncc, mid after tlu'ir own
ijjnoniiniouH txpiilMion. — luviNd's Goi.DK.MiTit,
ell. 2, p. 2.").
3««5. HUMILIATION, National. Anrs^ioii of
JiUiUH If. It W!is not withoiil many inis^i'ivini.JM
tliiit .laiiics liad di'liTiiiincd lo call t'lu; estates of
his nialin together. 'I'lie iiionieiit was, indeed,
inoHt ausi)i( 'ous for a general election. Never
since the accession of the liouse of 8liiarf had
the constituent bodies heen .so favorably di>;)os-
ed toward the court. Hut th(; new soverei;,'irs
mind was liaunted hy an ai)prelieiision not to l)e
niontioned, even at this distance of tiin(\ with-
out HliaiiKMind indignation, lie was afraid that
liy Huminoning the Parlianient of England he
might incur the dispieasiire of the King of
France. — Ma( ai!i..\y'8 Eno., cli. 4, p. 42:}.
il6<{6. HUMILIATION, Painful. .1 ttnluH.
[Formerly Em])eror of Home. J When the ' ioths,
two years iiflt'r the siege of Home, eslahlished
their (piarters in Gaul, it was natural tosu])pose
that their inclinations could be divided only be-
tw(M!n the Emperor Ilonorius, with whom tliey
liad formed a recent alliance, and the degraded
Attains, whom they reserved in their camp for
the occiusional puri)ose of acting the part of a
mii.sieian or a monarch. — GiiiHoNs Ho.mk, ch.
ai, p. 306.
titter. HUMILIATION, Proof of. rmhan Gnnt-
let. The Homans in their triumphal ])rocessions
exhibit<!d captives to the ga/.e of tlie Homan
people; ihe Indian concpieror (compels th'.'in to
run the gantlet, through the women and children
of his tribe. To inflict blows that cannot be re-
turned, is proof of full success and th(! entire
humiliation of the enemy ; moreover, it is an ex-
periment of courage and patience. Those who
show fortitude are applauded ; the ('oward Ix;-
conies un object of scorn. — Hanciiokt's U. IS.,
vol. 3, ch. 22.
a«C». HUMILIATION, Royal. Elerenth Ci'ii-
tun/. rFrederic.surnamed Barbarossa,] was sum-
moned to go to Home to n;ceivc the imi)erial
crown from [Poi)e] Adrian IV. The emjieror
promised that he would make .i) attempt against
the life, the person, nor the honor of the jiope,
the cardinals, and the magistrates. A knight,
completely armed, made this oath, in the name
of Frederic Barbarossa ; but the ceremonial re-
(piired that when the pope came out to meet
him the emperor .should prostrate himself on
the ground, kiss his feet, hold the stirrui) of his
horse while he mounted, and lead him by the
bridle for nine paces. Frederic refused at tirst.
. . . His indignation broke out immediately in
the plainest terms when the deputies of the i)eo-
ple of Rome informed him that they had chosen
him, though a foreigner, to be their .sovereign.
" It is false," said he ; " you have not clio.sen ine
t« be your sovereign ; my predecessors, Charle-
magne and Otho, conquered you by the strength
of their arms ; and I am, by established posses-
sion, your lawful sovereign." . . . The troubles
of lU^]y at last compelled him to measures
which his haughty spirit could very ill brook.
He acknowledged the .supremacy of Alexander
III., he condescended to kiss his feet and to
hold the .stirrup, and to restore what he possess-
ed which had at any time b(;longed to the holy
see.— Tytleu's Hist., Book 6, ch. 7, p. 129.
tl««». . Ilnnjill. I In ll74,|()n
the lOlh of .Inly, llciiiy rode from Soiithanip-
ton during the nigiit, and as he saw the cathe-
dral towers of Canterbury looming in Ihe gray
dawn, he alighted, and walked in penitential
garb, barefoot into the city. He knelt at tlu^
tomb of Becket in deep humiliation, 'i'lie Bish-
o|) of London preached, and maintained that
Henry had thus appealed to Heaven in avowal
of his innocence of the guilt of blood. Then
the great king, before the assembled monks and
chapter, poured forth his contrition for llie iias-
sionate exclamation which had i>een so rashly
interpreted ["Is there no one to d(]i\-er \\w
from this turbulent ])riest V" P'our knights af-
terward assassinated Becket |; and he wasscourged
with a knotted cord. He spent the niir'it in ii
dark crypt, and the next day rode fasil/.g to
London. — Knioiit's Eno., vol. l,ch. 21. p. 301.
2«70. HUMILITY, Christian. St. lin-nnrd. In
siieech, in writing, in action, Bernard stood liigii
above his rivals and contemjioi'aries ; his coin-
jiositions are not devoid of wit and eloin.rnce ;
and he seems to have preserved as nuicli rea-
son and humanity a may be reconciled with
the character of a saint. In a seculi.r life he
would have shared the seventh i)art of a private
inheritance ; l)y a vow of poverty and penance, by
(^losing his eyes against the visible world, by the
refusal of all ecclesiastical dignities, the abbot of
Clairvaux became the oracle of Europe and the
founder of one hundred and sixty convents.
Princes and pontilTs trembled at the freedom of
his ai)ostolical censures ; F'rance. England, and
Milan consulted and obeyed his iudgment in a
schism of the church ; the debt was rei)aid by
the gratitude of Imiocent II. ; aiulhis successor,
Eiigenius III., waslhe friend and disciple of the
holy Bernard. It was in the proclamation of
the second crusade that he shone as the mis.
sionarv and propiiet of God. — GinuoNs Ho.mk,
ch. 39, p. 13.
2«ri. . Godfiri/. [When tins
Cru.saders had taken Jerusalem the] unanimous
voice of the army proclaimed Godfrey of Bouil-
lon the first and most worthy of the champions
of Christendom. His magnanimity accei>ted a
trust as full of danger as of glory ; but in a city
where his Saviour had been crowned with thorns,
the devout pilgrim rejected the name and en-
.signs of royalty ; and the foiinih'r of the king-
dom of JerusaleiTi contented hiniself with the
modest title of Defender and Baron of the Holy
Sepulchre. — GiitnoN's Ho.mI':, ch. W, p. ")!).■>.
2073. HUMILITY, Mohammedan. M'l/ioniH.
His apparel was that of the \)oov — the coarsest
cloth of shecji's wool, Ihe cinc^tures woven from
camel's hair ; he rejected, as an article of luxury
and vanil}-, the white turbans of Indian cotton
worn by his warriors. He lived upon dates and
the milk of his sheeii, which he did not di.sdain
to milk himself. He but rarely made use of the
hand of his slave for Ihe most disagreeable ser-
vices of the hou.se. He went to fetch water from
the well, swept and wa.slied the boards of his
Hoor. Seated on the ground, upon his mat of
straw, he mended himself his sandals and s'litch-
ed his worn garments. — La.maktf.ne's Turkey,
p. ir)2.
3673. . MdhomH. The good sense
of Mahomet despised the pomp of royalty; the
318
HUMIMTY-irrsnAND.
Hposilc of (iixl Miil)iiiilicil 1(1 llic menial oIHccm
of llic I'aiiiilv : lie kindled tlie lire, HWept tlie
(Iiior. milked llie ewes, iind mended wilii liis
own li.'iiids his shoes and Ids woolen pirinenl.
i>isdidnin^ the peiiiuK'e and nier<t of a her'init,
he observed, wilhoiit elTort or vanity, the ahsle-
ndoiisdiet of an Aral) and a soldier. On solemn
occasions he feasted his companions with rustic
and liospiialile plenty ; lint in his domestic life
many weeks woidd elapse without a lire Ix.'iii!^
kindled on the hi-arth of the proi)het. The
inlerdi<tion of wine was conlirmed by his ex-
ample ; his lMin!j:er was .ippeased with a spar-
ing' allowance of harley-hreud ; he (leliij;lited in
the taste of milk and honey ; hut his ordinary
food consisted of dales and water. — Oiiiuon'h
Uo.MK, ch. T)!), p. 14H.
a«7J. HUMILITY and Pride united. Thowns
IWht. [Thomas] Meeket wore coarse sackcloth
iniide of coal's hiiir from llu^ arms to Ihi^ knees,
but his outer garinents were remarkable for their
.splendor and extreme c:)sl,liness, lo the end that,
thus deceiving human eyes, lie might please the
sight of (}od. Thus writes his panegyrist I love-
lien, — Kmoht's IO.mi., vol. 1, ch. 2(1, p. 2U4.
2675. HUMILITY, Victor's. Chnrh-H VI ff
Charles ^il out [for the coiKiuest of Italy]. . . .
Incensed at his perrtdy, lie besieged the pojie in
the castle of St. Aiigelo. Alexander VI. was at
length forced to sue for an accommodation ; and
then the French iiionarcli, witli great devotion,
kis.sed his holiness" feet and served him with
water to wash his hands. — TvTiiKU'H Hist.,
Book ('), ch. 1:5, p. 215.
2676. HUMILITY, Wisdom by. StuMwuin-
ship. 'i'lie formation of political institutions in
tlie United States was not elTected by giant
minds or " nobles after the fiesli." American
history knows but one avenue to success in
American legislation — freedom from ancient
prejudice. The truly great lawgivers in our
colonies (list became as little children. In
framing constitutions for Carolina, [John] Locke
forgot the fundamental principles of practical
philo.sopliy.— Banchokt's U. S., vol. 3, ch. 13.
3677. HUMOR admired. Abraham Linmlii.
[To a party of friends he said :] There is u chap
out in (Jliio who has been w^riting a sciries of
letfijrs for the newspapers over the signature of
Petroleum V. Nasby. Some one sent me 11
pamphlet collection of them the other day. I
am going to write to "Petroleum" to come
down here, and I intend to tell him, if he will
communicate his talent to nie, I will mcap
places with him ! — Raymond's Lincoi.n, p. 744.
267§. HUMOR, Fondness for. Abraham. Lin.
colli. [Frank B. Carpenter .says :] I never knew
him to sit down with a frieiuf for a five minutes'
chat without being " reminded " of one or more
incidents about .somebody alluded to in the
course of conversation. In a corner of his
desk he kept a co])y of the latest humorous
work ; and it was freijuently his habit when
greatly fatigued, annoyed, or depressed to take
this u]>, anil read a chapter with great relief. —
Kay.mond's Lincoln, p. 744.
2679. HUNGER, Insatiable. Oold Seekers.
A man came in one morning and reported that
his comrades were some miles distant in the des-
ert country, dying of starvation. [.lohu A.]
Sutter instantly loaded a few of his best mule!)
with provrsions, and despatched iliem to flie re-
lief of the |)erishing baixl, under the tr|||(hince
of two Indians, 'j'lie starving parly wiw so
large Ihat the supplies were insulllcient. After
( onsuming the provisions, they killed the mules
and ate them : then they killed the two Indians
and devoured them ; and even after that, when
some of Iheir own numbei' fell e.vliausted, lliey
ale them. — ('v( i.orKDiA ok Mioo., p. 524.
il6N0. HURRICANE, Ominous, I ion a parte. At
St. Helena, . . . on the oih of .May, 1H21, died
Napoleon Bonaparte. ... A hurricane swept
over the island as he was dying, shaking houses
to their foundalion and tearing up the largest
trees. We cannot avoid thinking of the similar
phenomenon that attended the death of (!rom
well. . . . To Najioleon the war of the elements
.seemed as if " {\w noi.se of battle hurlled in the
air," and he died uttering the words, I'ete d' Ar-
w(V'. — Knkiiit's Fn(i., vol. 7, cli. 10.
a6W I. HUSBAND, Dignity of the. Apr the
III ndiition. ] I'nder William's personal govern-
ment Parliament di.scus.sed the (piestion of the
future rulers of the realm,] Tin; prince, true to
his promise that he would leave the .settlement
of the governnient to the (."onviintioii, had muiii
Inined an impenetrabh; reserve, and had not suf-
fered any word, look, or gesture, indicative either
of satisfaction or of displeasure, to escape him.
One of his countrymen, who had a large share
of his contidence, liad been invited to tlie meet-
ing, and was earnestly jiressed by the peers to
give them .some information. He long excu.sed
hiin.self. At last he so far yielded to their urgency
as to say, " I can only guess at his Iligline.ss'
mind. If you wish to know what I guess, I
guess that he would not like to be his wife'fi gen-
tleman usher ; but I know nothing." " I know
.something now, however," said Danby. " I
know enough, and too much." — Macaulay's
Eno., ch. 10, p. 501.
26M2. HUSBAND, A good. Caio t/ie Cemor.
lie used to .say that they who beat their wives
or children laid their sacrilegious hands on tlu;
most sacri'd things in the world ; and that he
lirel'erred the character of a good husband to
that of a great senator. — Plitakcii's Cato.
26M3. HUSBAND governed by Wife. Gex>rge
II. In C^ueeii Caroline George [II.] for ten
years of his reign had such an adviser and friend
lis few .sovereigns have ever been blessed with.
She possessed the rare wisdom — ditticult even in
private life, but far more difluuilt in the relations
of a king and bis consort — of governing her hus-
band without appearing to govern. She never
offered an opinion when any matter of State was
di.scussed between the king and his ministers in
her presence ; but her opinion was ever certain
to prevail. — Knkjht's Eno., vol. 6, ch. 4, p. 59
26S4. HUSBAND vs. Lover, queen. Elizabeth.
Among those who chiefly distinguished them
selves in these Spanish ex])editions was tlie young
Earl of E.s.sex, a nobleman of great courage, foiul
of glory, and of a most enterpri.sing disposition.
He posse.s.sed no less the talents of a warrior than
of a finished courtier ; yet his impetuosity was
a])t to exceed the bounds of prudence. He was
haughty and utterly impatient of advice or con-
trol. Elizabeth, then almost sixty years of age,
IILSIJAND— IIYPOCHISV.
:iio
WUN smitttMi with tlic |H'i'N()iiiil cliariiiHof tliisiic-
coiiiplislicd youth ; lor it was peculiar to tlu'
({Urcii, that thoii^di hIic had always rcjcclcd a
liushuiid, she was passionately I'oikI of haviii;? a
lover. I'lie tlattery of her courtiers iiad persuad-
ed her that. tlii)u;;h wrinlcled and even deform-
ed, siie was yet youu^ and lieautiful ; and she
was not seiisihle of any disparity of choosin;;
Kssex for her partner in all the masks at court.
— Tytlkii's IIist., IJook (I, eh. 2H, p. '.Wfi.
'iVMA. HUSBAND, Preoedenoe of. iiiii/n »/./riiiiis
II. (ilis daujfhter Mary was wife of \Villiam
of Oraii^fe, who drove .lames from tlw throne. 1
On the present occasion, however, she judired
that the claim of .lames to her oliedience ou^ht
to yield to a claim mon; sacred. And, indeed,
all divines and uid)licistsa>^ree in this, that when
the daughter ol a prince of one country i.s mar-
rieil to a |)rin(!e of anothercountry, she is hound
to forj^et her own people and her father's house,
and, in tlu; event of a rupture hetween her hus-
hand and her i)arents, to side with her hushand.
This is the undouhtecl ride even when the hus-
hand is in th(^ wronfi ; and to Mary the enterprise
which William meditated ai)peared not ()idyju.st,
but holy. — M.V(aiii,.\y's Eno., ch. tt, p. 880.
26«tt. HUSBAND, Servitude of. BdmiriuH.
[After his conquests of Italy and hi.s victory
over the Persian) Belisarius repo.sed from Ins
toils in the hif^h station of general of the East
ami count of the domestics ; and the older con-
suls and patricians respectfully yielded the prec-
edency of rank to the peerless merit of tht- first
of the Komans. The first of the Komans still
sid)mitted to be the slave of his wife. [See more
lit No. 1949.]— GiiinoN's Komi;, ch. 4:5, p. 20!J.
a«Sr. HUSBAND, A vicious. Of Mary Qweii
of iScoU. The consort of Mary nnide an ill re-
turn to her affection ; he was ii weak man, an
abandoned protligate, and addicted to the mean-
est of vices. Pleased as she had been at first
with his person and external accomplishments,
it was impossible that her affection should not
at length have giv(;n place to disgust at a char-
acter so worthless and despicable ; and Darnley,
enraged ut her increasing coldness, wa.s taught
to believe that he was supplantt^l in the queen's
affections by the arts and insinuations of a favor-
ite — a despicable one indeed — the musician
Kiz/io, whom Mary bad promoted to the otHce
of her secretary. ... A new plot was devi.sed by
Morton and Lethington, of which the weak and
vicious Daridey was made an active instrument.
The (jueen was then far advanced in her preg-
nancy, when, as she was one evening at supper
in a i)rivate apartment of her i)alace, along with
the Counte.ssof Argyle, while her secretaryKizzio
and some other of her domestics were in waiting,
the Earl of Morton, with one hundred and sixty
men, took possession of the palace ; a few ruffians
in arms broke into the apartment, Darnley him-
self showing the way by a private staircase ;
they overturned the fable at which the queen
sat, and seizing the secretary liizzio, who clung
for protection ',o the garments of his mistress,
they stabbed him to the heart, and thence
dragging him into the ante-chamber, laid him
deailwith numbe'less wounds. — Tytlek's Hist. ,
Book (J, ch. 28, p. 886.
36§§. HUSBANDRY, Changes by. Caliph
Omar. He r«quested tliat his lieutenant would
plac«' Ix'fore hi.i eyes the realm of Pharaoh .ind
the Amalekites ; and the answer of Amrou c\
hibits a lively and not unfaithful picture of thai
singidar <'ountry. " () commander of Ihefailh
ful, Egypt is a compound of black earth ajid
green plants bet ween a pulverized nioiuitain and
a red sand. . . . According to the vici.ssitiides
of the seasons, the face of the cnimlry is adorned
with a «///■</• wave, a '■•rdanl oik nidi, .nul the
dei'p yellow of a jjuliUu harvt'sl." — (JmnoN's
HoMK, ch. .51, p. '2:V,\.
ilOMO. HUSBANDS. Good. lloiinniH. jThe Ha-
bines attacked the Itonians, who had carried
away their daughters and madethem wives. The
women rusln-d between Ihearndes and plead for
peace, s|ieaking tenderly to both sides.) 'i'he
generals proceeded to a conference. In the mean
time the women presented their husbands and
children to their fathers and brothers, brought
refreshments to those that wanted them, and
carried the wounded home to be cured. Here
they showed them that they had the ordering
of their own houses, what attentions their hus-
bands |)aid them, and with what respect and in-
dulgence they were treated. Upon this a peace
was concluded, the conditions of which were,
that such of the women as chose to remain with
their husbands should be exempt from all labor
and drudgery, except spimiing ; that the city
should be inhabited by tlie Romans and Sabines
in commoti, with the name of Home, from Rom-
ulus. — Pl.HTAHCll's Ro.Mi i.i s.
2600. HUSBANDS to love. Whritto Obey. [Ma-
ry, wife of Prince William of Orange aiuf the
heir apparent to the English throne, was asked
what iier husband the princi! should be if she
became queen. SIk^ called in her husband and)
she promi.sed him he should always bear rule ;
and she asked only that he would obey the com-
mand of " Hu.sbands, love your wives," as she
should do that, " Wivc^ be obedient to your
husbands in all things." — i sight's Eno., vol.4,
ch. 27, I). 4;J2.
3601. HTFOCHONDBIA, Constitutional. Will-
iiiin ('iiirper. When Cowper was thirty-two, and
still living in the Temple, came the sad and de-
cisive crisis of his life. He went mad, and at-
tempted suicide. What was the source of his
madness ? There is a vague tradition that it
arose from licentiousness, which, no doubt, is
sometimes the cau.se of insanity. But in Cow-
per's case there is no i)roof of anything of the
kind. . . . The truth is, his malady wius simple
hypocliondria, having its source in delicacy of
constitution and weakness of digestion, com-
bined with the influence of melancholy surround-
ings. . . . When its crisis arrived he was living
by him.self witliout any society of the kind that
suited him (for the excitement of the Nonseii-se
(Mub was sure to be followed by reaction) ; he
had lost his love, his father, his honte, and, as it
happened, also a dear friend ; bis little jjatrimony
W!is fast dwindling away ; he must have de-
spaired of success in his ]>rofession ; and his out-
look was altogether dark. It yielded to the rem-
edies towhichhypochondria usually yields — air,
exerci.se, sunshine, cheerful society, congenial
occupation. It came with Jai:uary and went
with May. — Smith's Cowpku, ch. 1.
2602. HYPOCRISY, Brazen. Pope Adrian VL
[After the capture of Rome by the emperor
no
IIYPOCRIHV-IDKAS
OIiailcN V. Ilu'l liclnlcHs pope wiis trt'iilcd with
croHs indignity, anil cloNcly inipriMimi'd in llic
("iiHtlc of iSl. An>;cl(). ChailcM, with ^{lolcHqiic
hypocriny, profcsHfd the deepest distress at liie
luisl'ortiities of tlielioly t'atlier, and onleicd piili
lie pniyers in all tlie cliiirelies of Spain I'oi- Ids
delivcranee. — Stii>i:nt.s' Fkanci;, eii. 14, ^ 10.
tl<l»:|. HTP0CBI8Y, Siplomatio. Iii>i,a),,irtr.
[In H;;ypt lie s«)iii,dil to eoneiiiate tlie people l»v
pid)liHliinK ;| " We Kren<'liin<'n are true Miissiil-
inaiiH. I lave not we destroyed the p<ipe, who
('alle<t upon Kiirope to make war upon the Mus
sulnians y Have we not, destroyed the Kni>;hts
nf Malln because these niadnieti U'lieved that
God hitd called them to make war upon Mussul
mans?" After olitainini; possession of Cairo,
" ' Tlie Favorite of N'ictory ' was seated in the
prand mos(|ue at the Kensi of the I'rophets, sit
linp cn)ss-l('pp<'d as he repeated the words of tlu!
Koraiii and editled the sacred college by his
piety."— KNroiiT's Kno., vol. 7, ch. '20, p. !jr>4.
aittOI. HYPOCRISY expoied. ClmrliK II, Two
papers, in which were set forth very concisely
tlie arguments ordinarily used by Roman Cuth-
nlics in controversy witfi Protestants, had been
found in Charles's Htrong-l)ox, and appeared to
be in his handwritir.g, Thes(! papers James
sliowed triumphantly to several Protestants, and
declared tliat, to his'knowledpe, his brother had
lived and died a Koman Catholic. One of tlu;
[HTsoiis to whom the mami.scripts were exhibited
was Archbishop Sancroft. lie read them with
much emotion, and remained silent. Huch si-
lence was only the natural effect, of a strupj,dc
between res|)('ct and vexation. — Ma('.\ii,.vv's
EN(i.,ch. «, p. 41.
36!>». HYPOCRISY in Friendship. Diih-K Or-
Icdiin — Jiiirf/inidi/. These rivals pave every out-
ward token of restored contldence and anuty,
even sharini; the .same couch at nipht ; but the ex-
treme care which each bestowed in fortifyinp his
hotel, and puardinpapainst surprise, bet raycn the
deep distrust concealeil beneath the mask of rec-
onciliation. — Stuuknth' Fhanck, ch. 11, $i 7.
a604{. HYPOCRISY invited. PiiriMnx. One
of the first resolutions a(iopted by Uarebones'
Parliament, the most inten.sely Puritanical of all
our jiolitical a.ssemblies, was that no person
should be admitted into the pulilic .service till
the House should be Hati.sfied of Ids real godli-
ness. What were then considered as the signs
of real godliness, the .sad-colored dre.ss, the sour
look, the .straight hair, the nasal wliine, the
speech interspersed with quaint texts, thealihor-
rence of comedies, cards, and hawking, were
enyily counterfeited by men to whom all relig-
ions were the same. The sincere Puritans soon
found themselves lo.st in a multitudt , not mere-
ly of men of the world, but of the very worst sort
of men of the world. — MAtAii.Av'sENO., ch. 2,
p. 15.5.
2097. HYPOCRISY, Religious. Dnh'H (Meaiix
— Burgundy. On the 20th of November, 1407,
the two cousins heard ma.ss and partook of the
holy .sacrament together at the (rliurch of the
Augu.stins. Never was there a blacker instance
of sacrilegious liypocrisy At the very moment
when he thus profaned the mo.st solemn rite of
Chri.stianitv, Jean sans Peur liad deliberately
doomed his enemy to a bloody and violent
death. — Students' Fkanck, ch. 11, J^ 7.
!I69W, . lioiiiini I'hilitHofihirii. View
ing with a smile of pity and indulgence tlH>
various errors of the vulgar, they diligenlly
practised the ceremonies of their fathers, devout
Iv frei|Ueiited the temples of the gods, and some
times ('(indescending to act a part on the theiiiie
of superstition, they <'oncealed theseiitiinentM of
an atiieist under the sacerdotal rolH's. Ucason-
CIS of such a teiii|ter were scarcely inclined lo
wrangle about their respective modesof faith or
of worship. It was indilTereiit to them what
shape the folly of the multitude might chr)oseto
assume ; and they approiiihed with tlu! .sanii' in-
ward contempt aial the .siuiie external rever-
ence the altars of the liibyan, the Olympian, or
the ('a|iiloline .lupiler. — Oiiiiion'h Uo.vik. ch. 'J,
I.. :<7.
a<HN». HYPOCRITE, An accomplished. '•Ihrk"
Dilhot. Whenever he oi»ened Ids mouth, he rant-
ed, cursed, and swore with such frantic violence
that superticial olwcrvers set liim down tor the
wildest of libertines. 'IMie niultitud(; was uiiabht
to conceive that a man who, even when sober, was
more furious and boastful than others when they
were drunk, and who seemed utterly incapable
of disguising any emotion or keei)ingany secret,
could really be a cold-hearted, farsiirhted,
scheming sycoi)liant ; yet such a man was 'I'al-
bot. In truth, his hypocrisy was of a far higher
and rarer sort than the hypocrisy which had tjour-
islied in Mariibones' Parliament ; for the con-
summate hypocrite is not he who conceaN vice
behind the semblance of virtue, but he who
makes the vice which he has no objection to
show a stalking horse to cover darker and more
protltable vice which it is for his interest to hide.
— Macailavh Kn(i., cli. 0, p. 45.
47<>0. HYPOCRITE, Epitaph of the. (htek
EnijHror. [The Kmperor Alexius was by the
clergy esteemed a Christian. I Hut the sincerity
of his moral and religious virtues was suspected
by the persons who had pas.sed their lives in his
familiar contldeiue. In his last hours, when he
was pres.sed by his wife Irene to alter the succes-
sion, he raised his head, and breathed a pious
ejaculation on tin- vanity of this world. The in-
dignant replj' of the empress may be inscribed
as an epitaph on his tomb : " You die, a> you
have lived — A iiYrociiiTii !" — Giuhon's Ho.mk.
ch. 48, p. «20.
arOI. IDEAS, Penalty for. ,/<^/( /< Milton.
Proud, reserved, self-contained, reju'llent, brood-
ing over his own ideas, not easily admitting into
his mind the ideas of others. It is indeed an
erroneous estimate of Milton to attribute to liim
a hard or au.stere nature. He had all the (juick
.sensibility which belongs to the i)oetic temiiera-
ment, and longed to be loved that liemiglit love
again. Hut he had to pay the penalty of all who
Ix'lieve in their own ideas, in that their ideas
come between them and the persons that ap-
])roach them, and constitute a mental barrier
which can only be broken down by .sympathy.
And sympathy for ideas is hard to find, just in
projiortion as those ideas are profound, far-reach-
ing, the fruit of long study and meditation.
Hence it was that Milton did not as.soci(Ue read-
ily with his contemporaries, but was affable and
instructive in conversation with young persons,
and those who would approach him in the atti-
tude of disciples. — Pattison's Milton, ch. 11.
\3
IDLKNKSS-KJN'OHANCK.
yci
ilTOil. IDLENESS, Burden of, Sii.irtoiiH. The
ill>>il>ilt 1111(1 illlH li\l' litV III' till' S|IMI'lllllS WIIH ll<'-
(■iirilin;,'ly ii pi'iiti'liial siilijni of rnilli'iy to llir
rest of llir Ori'fks, mikI to iioik' nioi'r timii lo lln*
liii^y, iCHllcss, iiliii voliUili' Aliu'iiiaiiM. To lliis
iiiii'iiovi' .Kliiiii iiw'iitloiiH a willlcisni of A lei
iiiailfx. xvh, II sonic <iiic was vanillin;; to liiin tlii'
<'iiniriii|it wliii'ii llic liaci'ila'inonJaiiH hail for
di'alli : "It is no wolldrr." saiil hr, " Hiiicr It re
liivis iliini from llif liravy Imnlcii of an idh'
aiMl-hi|.iil litV."— Tyti.kii's Hist., Hooli l,(ii. II,
I., !•;.
>J70:i. IDLENESS puniihed. Iti'fiunni. Stiinlv
liruir.irs , . . sliMJI III' set at work at the kiii'j's
(■hur;:i'>'. soinr I'l Dover, anil Noine al llie iilace
where the W'n'.er hath lirokeii In on Hie laiiil, anil
other more I'laces. Then if they fail lo iilleni'ss,
the idk'r shall lie had Itefore a justice of the
pi ace and his fanll written ; llieii if he he taken
idle auain in another place, he shall lie known
where his dwelling is, so at t lie second mcniion
he shall lie liiirncd in Ihe hand ; and if he fail
the third time he shall die for it. |lii ITililt it
was wlii])pinK tor the llrst olTence, whipping for
the second otTence, aiid| the iijiper part, of the
gristle of the right ear clean cut olT. (For the
third olVeiice, iinprisonincnt in the iail,| and al
the next (|iiarter sessions, if indicted of wander-
ing, loitering, and idleness, and found guilty,
'• he shall have judgment to snlTer pains uikI
execution of deal has a felon and as an enemy
of tlicCominonweiilth." — Knioiit's K.N(i.,vo1. 'i.
ch. -n. p. 842.
tITO'l. . AthiiiM. It was a punish-
alile crime at. Athens to lie idle, and every citizen
wius coinix'lled to industry and to the utmost ex-
ertion of his talents. It was not enough that each
should choose himself a particular iirofcssion.
The court of Areopagus iiupiired intoaiul ascer-
tained the (>xtenl of his finids, thcMimount of his
expenditure, and consecpiently the measure of his
iiidustrv and economy. — Tyti-kiih Hist., Hook
1, ch. I'O, p. 108.
2170.5. IDOL, A helpless, nrnhniin. The pa-
goda of Sumnat was situate on the iiromontory
of <TU/.arat, in the neighlKirhood of Diu, om* of
the last renmiiiing po.ssessionsof the Portuguese.
It was endowed with the revenue of two thou-
sand villages ; two thousand Uralimins werecon-
secralcd to the service of the Deity, whom they
washed each morning and evening in water
from the distant Ganges ; the .subordinate minis-
ters consisted of three hundred musicians, three
hundred liarbers, and five liundred dancing girls,
consiiieuous for their birth or beauty. Three
sides of the temple were jiroteeted by the ocean,
the narrow isthmus was fortified by a natural or
artilicial iirccipice ; and the city and adjacent
country were peopled by a nation of fanatics.
They confesseil the sins and the punishment of
Kinnogcand Delhi ; but if the impious stranger
should ]iresume to ajjproach their holy precincts,
he would surely be overwhelmed by a blast of
the divine vengeance. l}y this challenge the
faith of Mahnuid [the Turk] was animated to a
personal trial of the strength of this Indian dei-
it^. Fifty thousand of his worshippers wore
pierced by the spear of the Moslems ; the walls
were scaled ; the sanctuary was iirofaned ; and
the conqueror aimed a blow of his iron mace at
the head of the idol. The treinbliug Brahmins
are said to have oll'i n d IKi.ooo.lHM) sterling for
Ills ransom; and it was urged by the wisest conn
sellurs that the destruclion of a sli.ne image
would not change the heiirlsof Ihe Oeiitoos, and
that such a sum might be dedicated to the re
lief of Ihe true believers. " Your reasons." re-
plied the sultan, " iiic specious and strong ; but
never in ll yes of posterity shall .Mahniiid up
pear as a mercliaiit of idols," He repeated hi'4
iiliiws, and a treasure of pearls and rubies, con-
cealeil in the belly of Ihe statue, explained in
some degree the devout |irodigidil\ of Ihe Urali
mills. The friigmeiils of the idol VNcie disirih-
III d to (}ii/,iia, .Mecca, and Medina.— (JiitiioN's
UiiMK, ch. ."»7, p. .'lO'.'.
•i74MI. IDOLATRY of Heroism CI ,i <i il i u h.
I When he returned from Ihe coniiuest of liritain |
the army , saluted him with thelilleof Imperalor ;
and he relnrned to Uoine, to assume the name
of Hritannicus, and to be worshipped asa god, —
Km(iiii'"s Kno., vol. I, ch. 'i, p. III.
'J707. lONOKANCE of Bigotry, linqii <>.f
Chiirlixll. Divines will) were the boast of the
uiiis'ersilies and the delight of the capital . . .
leaned toward constitutional |)rinciples of gov.
eminent, lived on friendly terms with I'res
bvlerians, Independents, and Haptists, would
gladly have seen a full toleration granted to all
I'rotestaiil sects, and would even have consent-
ed to make alterations in the Liturgy for the
purpose of conciliating honest and candid Non-
conformists. Hut such latitudinarianisin was held
in horror by the country parson. He was, in-
deed, prouder of his ragged gown than hissupcv
riorsof their lawnand of theirscarlel hoods. 'I he
very consciousness that there was Utile in his
worldly circumstances to distinguish him fnnii
the villagers to whom he preached, led him to
liold immoderately high Ihe dignity of that .sa-
cer(h)lal ofllce which was his single title to rever-
ence. — .M.\('aiii..\y's Kno., ch. ;{, p. ;{10,
tl70M. lONOBANCE confessed. Saniini Jofin-
sDii. A few of his detinitions must be admitted
to be erroneous. ... A lady once asked him
how be came to detine J'dnieni the knee of a
horse : instead of making an elaborate defence,
as she expected, he at once answered, " Igno-
rance, inadaiu, i)nre ignorance." [Author of
Dictionary, etc.] — Hohwem.'h .Johnson, p. 71).
•J709. IGNORANCE, Folly of. WcM lndi,i,)n.
They gave their own island of ILtyli priorit)' of
existence over all others, and believed that the
sun and moon originally issued out of a cavern
in the island to give light to the world. This cav-
ern still exists, about seven or eight leagues from
Caiie Friiii(;ais, now Cape Haytien, and is known
by the name of La Voute a, Minguel. It is about
one hundred and llfly feel in (h'i)tli, and nearly
Uie same in hei/rbt, but very narrow. It receives
no light but from the entrance, and from a round
hole in the roof, whence il was said the sun and
moon issued forth Intake their places in the sky.
— luviNd's Com Mills, Hook (5, ch. 10.
27IO. IGNORANCE, General. J{>'if/)iof(!/iiirl'-n
II. The clergy had also lost the ascendency
which is the nalural reward of superior mental
cultivation. Once the circumstance that a man
could read had rai.sed a presumption that he wa.s
ill orders ; but in an age which proiluced such lay-
mt'U a.'j Willium Cecil ami Nicholas Bucon, Hoget
Si'i
KJNOUANCR.
r
Atchimi iiml TlnmiMM Smltli, Walter .Mildniiiy
nnil KriiiiclM \Viilsiiii;|ii)ni, tliirr wuh no miHuii
for ('iklliii>; iiwiiy |iri'liiti's rinin llirir tliiiriscM lo
nr^oliikU' iri'iktii'M, to Miiiu'riiiUtiil the llnuncfM, or
loiuliiiini.sUir JiiKllct'.— Macai'i.ay'h KNt»., cli. !J,
iiril. IGNORANCE, Osographioal, ('>ii>t<iiii
John Sinilh. Willi ucuinpiiiiyot s\\ Kti^;llH|iiiirii
nnil two liiilJMii ;^'iii(lcs he Ix'^uri the iiHiint of tlii>
(;iii<'kiiliomiiiy iCivcr. It wmm ^I'licially Ix'tirvnl
liy IIk' pcoplr of .liiiiii'slowii that liy K'>''<V '■!>
Iliis xtrcaiii tliry could rcacli tlir I'acltIr Ocnin.
Siiiltli knew well I'liciiiifli till' aliMiirillty of such
Hit opliiioii, lull hiiinori'it it Ih'cuiisc of the op
nortiiiiity it j,'avc him to explore new tcrrilory.
The reHl'iiiii;lit (ti;; iiiiau;liiMry i;<>l<l 'In**! >*<»l hunt
ry an
U. s.
map Ihe I'oiirs*' of tliii river. — UiiirATiiH
eh. W. p. IN)
tiri'i. IGNORANCE, Impodimonti of. Colm,,
thin, I'lMie eoiiiiHcllors of the Kill;; of Spain iiriici
a;,'ainsi u westward voyage of discovery. | Tie'
(loetriiie of antipodes, . . . ineoiii|)ali^ile with
the historical foundations of our faitli, . . . would
he to maintain thai there were nations not di-
Nceniled from Adam ; ... in Ihe l'salm.s Ihe heav-
I'lis are said to lie exiended liki' a hide -thai is,
■ . . eoveriiii.; of alenl ; . . , lliey lirou;,dil up the
chimera . . . of Ihe insupporlalile Ileal of Ih ■
torrid zone. . . . Kveii j^rantinu; this could he
passed, tlu'y observed that the circumference of
the earth must he so;;real as to recpiirc at least,
three years to the voyai,'e, and lliose who shoulil
undertake it must perish of hunger and IliirsI,
from Ihe impossihility of carryin;; pr()visi()iis for
so hail,' a period, lie was told, lai the aulhority
of Hpii'uriis, that admiltiiiu: Ihe earth to li '
spherical, it was only inhahilahlein the iiortheni
hemispliere, and in that section only was cano
pied liy th(^ heavens; that Ihe opjiosiie half was
a chaos, a ^ulf. or a mere waste of water. Not
the least ahsurd ohjection advanced was, ih;ii
Nhould a ship even succeed in reachiiiii', in this
way, Ihe extremity of India, slie could m'\er iicl
hack a^f.iin ; for the rotundity of the u:lol)c would
present a kind of mountain, up which il would
he imp(is-;il)le for herlosail willi the most favor
ahle wind, — luviNo's ("<»m:miu's, Hook 2, eh. ;{.
ar I :». IGNORANCE, Lois by. A,'// ,// p t i a n i*.
While sucli was the state of alTairs in the Kast,
the Venetiaii-t, who had hitherto eni,'rossed the
whole trade from India, hy means of the I{<'d
Sea and thi' port of Alexandria, .soon perceived
that this most lucrative commerce wan on Ihe
point of anniliilatioii, and that every advanlaLTc
of the Indian trade must now he transferred to the
I*oilu;j;uese. Various c.xix'dient.s were Ihouirhl
of to ohviate tli(!S(! impendiiiii misfortunes It
was tile interest of the Sultan of Eirypt to concur
with tile Venetians in sui>port of a trade from
which lu! as well a.s thev liadch'rived ijreat lien-
elils. A plan was meditated for some time of
cutting' tlirou.i,di the Isllimus of Sui'/,. and tlius
joining the Mediterranean and liie Ked Sea ; hnt
tlie Ejjyptians were iippreliensivo tliat their low
and liat country mij^lit bo drowned alto;,'etiier
in tiiis attenii)t, an(i tlierefore the i)roject was
aliandoned. [ad. 151,s.) — Tvti.kh's Hiht., Hook
6, ell. IH, p. 270.
37 11. IGNORANCE vs. Negligence. Smnud
Jo/ui-wn. [At school.] 3Ir. iluiiter, the head-
master, accordiii'.' lo Ills account. " wii.s very
severe, and « roii); headedly severe, lie iiM'd, '
said he, ' to beat us uiimeiVifully : and lie did
not disiin^riiish iN'lween ignorance and nc^
liKciiec ; for he W(Miid Im'iiI a boy e((Uitlly for
not knowing; a tiling, iim for lu'^lo'liiifx lo Know
il, lie wduld link a iNiy a iiueMlioii, and if ho
did not answer it he wiiiild beat liim, wllhiait
coiisiilerin;; whether he had an opitorluiilty of
knowing'- how lo answer il. For Instance, he
would call up a boy and ask liini Latin for a
candlestick, which the boy could not ex|iect lo
li«' asked, .Now, sir, if a boy could answer every
(piestion there Would be iio need of a inasler
lo leach him, lloswKi.i.H JoiiNKON, p. 7,
471.1. IGNORANCE, Night of. h'n'/l.iml. Alter
I he example of ( liiirlema^ne, the Kn^lisii .\ It red,
posicriia' to liim nboiil fifty years, intriMliiced
auioiii; the An^lo Saxons a taste for litcnilure,
of wlii<'h he himself, a most aecomplished char-
acler, poss.'ssed a remarkable sliare, lie en-
courii;red learninjf, not only by liisown example,
but by founding seminaries and rewiirdinv Ihe
labors of inp'iiious men. iiut lliese favorable
appearances were blasted no less by the iniio-
raiice and barbarism of his successors than by
Ihe continual disordei'Hof Ihe kin;;dom from th(>
Danish incursions ; and from Ihe aire of .\lfred
lo the Norman ciuiipiest there wa.s in Knirlatid
a loiiu' ninlit of the most illiberal ij;n<iiance, —
'l'vTi,i;ii's Hist,, Hook t(, cli. Ml, p. 244.
SI7KI. IGNORANCE, OifioUl. />"/> of .\> ir
nixl/i. I'I'lie Duke of Newcastle, tllC! Secretary
of Ihe Treasurv under (Jcorire II., was an ii,'no-
rant ollicial.J 'lie had heard that :t(),()OI) i-'rench
had marched loCape Hreton. " Where di 'ley
net IransporiK?" was asked. "Transports -d
lie I " I tell you they marched by land.
land lo the island ofCape Hrelon I" " \\ is
Cape Hreton an island '!" It was pointed out on
llie map; and the deli/riited minister, liiiir;:'in;^
his informant, c.jaculaled, " Kj^ad I I'll ^n di-
rectlv and tell the kiii^ thai Cape Hreton is an
island."— K.NHiirr'H En<i., vol. ((, ch. |;|. p, UW.
a7l7. • . /)>l/,r of Xdrriml/r. For
nearly four and twenty years he reiiinined
iiiini'sler for Hritish America ; yet to the last
Ihe statesman who was so deeplv versed in
the statistics of elections knew little of tlie con-
tinent of which he was the guardian. Head-
dressed letiers, il used to be contideiitly said,
to " Iht island of New Fiifjland," and could not
teli but that .Jamaica was in the Mediterranean.
Heaps of colonial memorials and letters I'cmain-
cd unread in hisolllce; and a paper was almost
sure of ne.Lflecl unless noineaiiciit remained with
him to see it opened. — Hanchoft'h U. S., vol.
4, ch. 1.
i27IM. IGNORANCE, Professional. Non/. Most
of the shi|)s which were afloat were commanded
h\' men who had not luu'ii bred to the sea. . . .
(treat fleets had been intru.sted to the direction
of Iliipert and Monk ; Rupert, who was re-
nowned chiefly a.s a hot and dariiiir cavalry
oflicer, and Monk, who, when he wanted his
sliij) to tack lo larboard, moved the mirth of his
crew by eallin<; out, " Wheel to the left I " Hul
about this time wi.sc men bei^an to perceive thai
the rapid improvement, both of the art of war
and of the art of navi^ition, made it necessary
to draw a line between two professions wliicii
KJNOKANCK— n.M'STIlATIONS.
.Ti;i
bad llillll'itu liri'll ruliliillllili'tl. -.M.\t Ari.AV'i*
KN«l.,rli. !(, |i ,';i)
tfTlft. lONORANCE rtmovid. K n ropfii n ».
" Willi (Mild iliiiii;ilir.' siiy-, M, (;n>^url. " lllii(
tllilt ili^'i'iiJiiiiM |ii'ii|i|i' III wliixii Kiiropr is Itiilclil-
l'<l for nil lis klKiwInl^r well' iliscciKlcd friilll
wtviif^i'N wliii wuiiili'i'rii in till- smioiIn mill tlclilx,
witliiiiit liiws or li'iKlri'N, hiiviiiK iKiiitlirr rclt'i'iil
lillt ilrlis iiiiil ntviTllM, iKiiiiriilil I'vcii of the wxc
III' tli'f, mill Mil Imrliiii'iiiis ns I'vcii to nit otii' mi-
iilliiT'.'" 'I'vri.KUK lliHi'., Hook 1, ell. 7, p. 51).
•JTJJO. lONOEAHCE. Eoyal. /■:<iMl,rn Kw^iiir.
'I'lic I'liirr .liHtlii, lis III' JH (liNtiii^iiiNliril troin
miotlwr ciiipci'iir nt' tlir Nmm- i'miiily mid timiir.
iiMi'iMiili'd tliL- liy/.mitiiic throiic iil llic ii;;(! of
sixly-cifflit yctirM ; mid, liiid li<* lircti left to his
own jj^iiidmur, cvi-ry nioninil of a iiin<! yi iirs'
ii'l^n must liiivi' I'Xposi'il III Ills suhjccts Ilic iiii-
pronriity of llirir clioici', His i^fnorancc wiis
kiiiiiim- to Unit of 'I'licodoric ; miil it Ih ri'tniirk-
iiliii' lliut ill mi ii^i- not (icsiitiilf of li'm-iiin;r two
ront<'inporury nioimrrlis Inul iii'vrr liccii iiislriicl
til in the knowlciJKi'of tlicalplmlK-l. — Oiiihon'h
UoMK, eh. 40, p. 4!J.
'JTtl I. IGNORANCE, Stubborn. FiK/umt/yni. In
lloMic, . . . Hl;t;(, . . . Oiilllio . . . iiopriircd In -
fore tin assi'iiilily of caniinais and inqidsitors,
wlicii' lie was pcniiillrd to speak in Ids di'lVnii-
I against till- cliar;;!' of lu'ri'syj. IIclM'<ran todnn-
onstnili! tlii^ Iriilli of the Copi'inicmi syslcin, us
he had Ix'i'ii wont to do at the iiidvcrsity. His
accumcrs, iirnorant of scicncr, roidd not coin-
nrchi'iid his rcasoninu:. . . . Thry broke in iirwm
ids arj^iiinenls with loud ouleries, aeeusiiiL' iin
of hrin^in;;semi(lal upon thecliiii'eii, and n iical-
in>j;()ver and over the passaf,'e of tlie Bible which
de( iires that .loslitia eoniinanded tlie sun mid
moon to stand still, mid they olieyed hin). in
vain Galileo reiniiid(Hl them that the itiltle also
Hiiys tliat the heavens are solid and are polished
like a mirror i '" brass ; in vain ho pointed oiii
that Uie. Imi;riia;re of tho Bible is invariably eon-
foruKMl to the stale of .seieiice at tlie lime when
it was written. Tlie assendtled priests only shruir-
>ted thcirHlioulders at his reasoning;, or interrupt-
ed him with derisive mid contemptuous hIiuuIs.
— (Jy(!I,oi'i;i)ia oi' Bioo., p. 'idU.
aril4. lONOHANCE, Sapentition of. Aiiwiilx.
The ancients, who had a very faint and imper-
fect kiiowledj^c! of the j^real lU'iunsula of Africa,
were .sometimes teini)led to believe that the tor-
rid zone nuisl ever remain dcslilute of inlmb-
itants ; and they sometimes amused their fancy
by llllin;; the viicmit sptici; with headless men, or
rather monsK^rs ; with horned and clov(!ii-footed
satyrs ; with fabulous centaurs, and with human
pyjjmies, wlio waj^'cd a bold and doubtful war-
fiirea^fiiinst the cranes. — Giiuion's Uo.mk, <h. 2."),
p. 57(J.
•272:1. IGNORANCE, Unappreciative. Utiliti/.
[When the army of Galerius .sacked the camp of
the routed Persians a] bau; of shinint? leather,
tilled with pearls, fell into the hands of a private
jtoldier ; Ik; carefully i)re.served the bag, but lie
threw away its contents, judjiing that whatever
wiiH of no u.se covild not possibly beof any value.
— Gimuon'8 Homk, ch. 1:5, p. 425.
3734. IGNORANCE, Zealous. Crusadcrn.
[Among the Crusaders] the chiefs themselves had
au imperfect notion of the length o!" ">e way and
the nIiiIc of llit'ir rill lilies : mid niicIi wiih llie stu-
pidity of llie pi'iiple. Ihiit, III llie xitdil of Ilie first
cily or ensile bevoiid Ihe limits of their kiioMl
edge. Ihey Were reail_\ In ask vvhellur that was
nol the .It'rusiilein, the lerm and objei t of ijuir
labors.— Giiiiin.NM Komi;, ch. r»s, p. ,VtV'
4735. ILLEGITIMACY reipected. HV///„mM«
Ciiiiiiiii inr. Il iipprmcd In I'ldwrnd ii.ore iid-
vlsalile to iiiiiiiiiiiile for his succes«iir Vlllimn,
Miike of .Niiriiimidy, ii prince wliose powi i , repii-
lulion, mid ;{real abilities were Niijllrient to sup
port any destination which lie iniglit iiinke in his
favor. This celebrated prince was ihc naliiral
son of Uobert, Diikeof .Nornimidv. Ii.\ ilie daugh-
ter of a furrier of KalaiNe. Illeglliinni y in IhoMf
days Was iiccounled no slain, and lil^ iulhcrleft
him, while yel a minor, lull lo his w hole doiiiin
ions, ill' had loslruggle with an mroifanl nobil-
ily, s<'veral of whom even advamed claims to
Ills crown ; but he very curly showed a getiiuH
capable of asserting and vindlcaling his rights,
mid soon became Ihe terror bolliof hi^ icbellioUH
subiecis and of foreign iinadeis. — 'i'vri,i';it'H
Hist., Book 0, ch. .1, p. 115.
3730. ILLITERACY comp«niated. r,./. Will
idiii W'lm/iiiK/toii. |('oloii('l Tarliloii \\Msnmdc
a prisoner with Cornwallis' ariiiy. | Because of
his cruel and reseiilful disposilion he was most
hi'iirlily despised by the repuliliiaiis. . . .
Tiirleton spoke of Washiiiglon as an illiterate
fellow, hardly able to write his nmiic. " .\li, colo-
nel," said Mrs. .Iouch, "you oiiglil In know bet-
ter, for you bear on your jiersoii proof lliat he
knows very well /imr to miikr Inn murk." [He
had been .severely wounded in his hand | — NttTK
IN Ct'STIs' WAsillMiTON, Vol. 1, (II. tl.
3737. ILLUSTRATION by Analogy. I!n: Sain-
ntl JoliiiKoii. .lohiison prepand a reply to his
as.sailmits, in wliich he drew an cialiiirale par-
allel between Julian and .lamo, llicii Duke of
York, .hilian had during many year- inelend-
ed lo abhor idoliilry, while in liearl an idolater.
Julian had, to serve' a turn. o< casioiially atVecled_
respect for Ihe rights of ((mscience. .lulian had
imnished cities which were zeidoii^ for the true
religion, by taking away tin ir niuniiipal jirivi-
leges. Julian had, by his llallereis, licen called
the Just, .lames was provoked beyond endu-
rance. Johnson was prosecuted for a liliel, con-
victed, and condemned lo a tine, w liicli he had
no means of iniying. He was, Iheicldre, kept
in Jail ; and it seemed likely llial hi"- conline-
meht would end only with his life. — .M.u aiu.av's
E.No., ch. «.
373«. ILLUSTRATION, Information by, P'tinU
iiKj. One step farther in this process is the ex-
l)ression of ideas liy painting. When the Span-
iards arrived in .Mexico, the inhabitants of llu;
.sea-coasts .sent inlelligence lo their emperor, Mon-
tezumii, by a huge cloth, on which they had care-
fully depicted everything they had seen of the
appearance and jirogre.ss of the invaders. — Tvr-
i.Kit's Hist., Book 1, ch. 3, p. 26.
3739. ILLUSTRATIONS, Use of, Ahrahaiu
Lincoln., ^luch has been said of Mr. Lincoln's
habit of telling stories, and it could scarcely Im^
exaggerated, lie had a keen sen.se of the humor-
ous and the ludicrous, and relished jokes and
anecdotes for the amusement they afforded him.
Bui story-telling was with him rather ii mode of
pp
1'
DSS
su
IMAOK— IM.VOIXATIOX.
Htiitinu: Miiil il lust rat iii.i; factH mid opinions limn
aiiylliiii;; else. 'I'licrc isii ifi'oit (litTi'irncc anion^
TiKin in till' manner ol' expressing; their tlioufjhts.
Home are riijidiy exact, and 'Xivv everythinj^they
w.y V. iojjical form ; others exjjress tiiemseives in
Hjjiires and liy illustrations drawn from nature
or iiistory. Mr. I^incoln often ^ijavecK-arnessand
f()rc<' to ids ideas by pertinent anecdotes and il-
lustrations drawn from daily life. — Uaymonu's
Lincoln, ch. 21, p. 7'H).
'i740. IMAGE, Supernatural. Tmaur of (Jlivint.
'I'll.' perfect impression of 1 lis face on a piece of
inen. | The iman'e of Kdessa was preserved with
respect and ifiatilude ; and if tin- Armenians re-
j(!cte(l till,' l(!i;end, the more creihiious Oreeks
adored the similitudes, which was not, tlxi work
of any mortal pencil, but the inun(!diate creation
of the divine orii^inal. The style and sentiments
of a iiyzantine hynm will declare how far their
worship wasreu>oved from the j^rossest idolatry.
" How can we with mortal ey<'H contemplate this
imai,'e. whose celestial sphsndor the host of heav-
en presumes not to behold ? He who dwells in
heaven colld(^scen(ls this day to visit us by His
V(!nerah!c ima^jje ; He who is .seated on the cheru-
bim visits us thi.-' day by a picture, which the
Father has delineated with His immaculate hand,
which W: has formed in an ineffable manner, and
which we .sanctify by adorini^ it with fear and
love." Before the end of the.sixtli century these
images, nnulr witlwitt haiuh (in Greek it is a sin-
gle word), were propagated in the eanip.s and cit-
ie.s of the East(;rn em])ire ; they were the obj(!Cts
of worship and the instruments of miracles ; antl
in the hour of ilanger or tumult their venerable
presence could revive the hope, rekindle the
courage, or repress tlu; fury of the Roman le-
gions. — Umjuon's Uo.mk, ch. 4!), p. 0.
arJll. IMAGES in Churches. .ID. 800. The
jjublic religion of tl'(! early C/'athoiics was vmi-
formly .simph; and .spiritual ; and the first notice
of the u.se of pictures i.s in the censure of the
council of Illiberis, three hundred years after the
Christian era. At first the experiment was made
with caution and scruple, and the venerable pict-
ures were di.screcstly allowed to instruct the ig-
norant, to awak(!n the cold, and to gratify the
prejudices of the heathen pr'>selytes. By a .slow
tliough inevitable |)rogressioii the honors of the
original were transferred to the co])y; the devout
Christian pra^'cd before the; image of a .saint ;
and the Pagan rite.s of genuficiction, luminarii!s,
and incense again stole into the Catholic Church.
The scruple.s of rea.son or piety were silenced
by the strong evidence of visions and miracles ;
and tht! pictures which speak and move anil
bleeil must be endowed with a divine energy,
and nia> be considered as the proper objects of
religious adoration. . . . The use and even the
worshii) of images was firmly established before
the end of the sixth century. . . . The first intro-
duction of .symbolic worship was in the venera-
tion of tlieca'ossand of relics. — Gihuon's Ko-mk,
ch. 49, p. 2.
2732. IMAGES, Worship of. A.D. 843. I
shall only notice tiie judgment of the bishops on
the coni[>arative merit of image-woi-ship and
morality. A monk had concluded a truce with
the demon of fornication, on condition of inter-
nipting hi.s daily prayers to a picture that hung
la his cell. His scruples prompted lam to con-
sult IIk' abbot. " Hatlierthan abstain {nm\ ador-
ing Christ and His .Mother in their holy inniges,
it would be belter for you," replied \\w casuist,
"to enter every brothel and visit every pros-
titiite in the citv." — CiniioNH Kome, ch. 4i),
p. !{H.
2r3:i. IMAGINATION, Active. /iiiKi/ini. He
saw evil spirits in monstrous slia])cs, and tiend.s
blowing llames out of their nostrils. "Once,"
.says a 'aographer who kn<'W him well, and had
heard liie story of his visions from his own li|)s,
" he (ireame<l that he saw the face of heaven as
it were on lire, the firmament crackling and shiv-
ering with the noise of mighty thunder, and an
archangel flew in the midst of heaven, .sounding
a trumpet, and a glorious tiirone wa." sealed in
the east, whereon sat One in brightness like the
morning star. Upon which he, thinking it was
the end of the world, fell u]M)n his knees and
said, 'Oh, Lonl, have mercy on me! What
shall I do? The l)av of Judgment is come,
and I am not prepared.'" — FnoiDii's Binv.vn,
ch. 1.
2734. IMAGINATION corrected. Wnxhinf/toii
Jrriit;/. His next li'erary favorites were " l{ob-
inson Crusoe" and " Sindbad the Sailor," and a
colleclion of voyages and tr.avels, entitled " The
AN'orld Displayed," which lie u.sed to read at
night by the glinuner of secreted candles after
lie had retired to bed, and which begot in him a
desire to go to .sea — a strong desire that by the
time lie left school almost ripened into a deter-
mination to run away from home and be a
sailoi'. It led him, at any rale, to try to eat salt
jiork, which lie abominated, and to lie on the
liard flooi;, which, of course, was di.stii .eful l(<
liim. These preliminary liardships proved too
much for his heroism, .so tin; notion of lM,'com-
ing a gallant tar was reluctantly abandoned. —
Stoddakd's Ikvino, p. IH.
2735. IMAGINATION, Delusions of. fipanwh
Kvjiloirrx. America was the region of romance,
where the heated imagination could indulge in
the boldest delusions ; where the simple natives
ignorantly wore the most precious ornaments ;
and by the side of the clear runs of water
the .sands sjiarkled with gold. — Banckokt's
I Fist, ok U. S., vol. 1, ch. 2.
2736. IMAGINATION, Diseased. 7V< Shelley.
Toward midnight on the IKth of July Byron
recited the lines in " Christabel" about the lady's
breast ; when Shelley suddenly started up,
sliri"ked, and fled from the room. He bad .seen a
vision of a woman with eyes instead of nipples. . . .
He was writing notes upon (lie i>henomena of
sleep. . . . ^Irs. Shelley informs us that the mere
elTort to remember dreams of thrilling or mysteri-
ous imitort .so disturbed his nervous system that
he had to reliiKpiish the task. At no period of his
life was he wholly free from visions which iiad
the reality of facts. Sometimes they occurred
in sleei>, and were prolonged with painful vivid-
ness into his waking moments. Sometimes they
seemed to grow out of his inten.se mediiation, or
to present tlu'iiiselves before his eyes as the pro-
jection of a ])owerful inner impres.sion. All his
.sensations were abnormally acute, and his ever-
active imagination confused the borderlands of
the actual and the visionary. — Sv.monds' Shei,-
Li.;v, ch. 4.
IMAGINATION— IMMOUTAF.ITY
325
arar. imagination, Uisled by the. IliKlori-
mu>. 'I'll*' iiiiairiiiatioii is a j;rt'at (Icccivcr. We
liavc! a curious cxainplc of lliis irulli in the dil-
fercnt accounls wiiicli have conic (lowu to us rc-
spt'ctiii;;Uica|)i)caraiicc of (iciicral VVasliinirloii.
JoHiah Quiiicy ami his wife l)otli saw (liis illus-
trious nmn, and holli W(!rc persons of eminent
intelli<rence ami perfect truth. Ni!vertheless,
how (lilTerent their impressions 1 AFrs. (^uincy,
wlio was of a iiiiilily iinafi;inative temperiimcnt,
u.sed to speak of iiim asl)eini!;as far ai)ovc ordi-
nary mortals, ini'raceand nmjcstj'of iK'rson and
demeanor, ashe was in < naracter. .Mr. (^uincj',
on tlu! contrary, tho\i,nli reverin;^ Washinfffon
not less, thought him ratlier count riticd and awk-
ward in his aijiearancc and manners. He used
to ,siiy that " President Washinj^tou had tlu; air
of a country Lrentleman not ac(;ustomed to mix
much \/ith society, perfectly polite, but not easy
in his address and conversation, and not j^racc-
f ul in liis ffait and movements. " We can account
for the.se different representations by supposing
that one of the witnesses was, and t"lie other was
not, misled by the inuunnalion. — C-'yclopkdi.v
OF Hioo., p. ITm.
arSS. IMAGINATION overwrought. Poet Shel-
ley. His .somnambulism returned, and lie snw
visions. On one occasion lie thought that the
dead Allegia rose from the sea, and clapped
her hands, and laughed, and beckoned to liim.
On another he roused the whole liou.se at night
by his screams, and remained terror-frozen in
the trance produced by an appu'ling visicvn. This
mood he communicated, in sonu; measure, to his
friends. One of them .saw what she afterward
believed to liavi! beCi: his phantom, and another
dreamed that he was dead. — Sy.monus' Suki.i.ev,
ch. 7.
27»0. IMAGINATION, Euled by. Napolcit T.
"It i.s nothing but imagination," said one, once
to Napoleon. " jS'ot/iiiif/ hut iiiuminntiitn !" he
rejoined. " IiikiKjinatiun vhUk the imrht." — An-
bott's Napoi.kox B., vol. 1, ch. 1!).
2740. IMAGINATION in Statesmanship. Nn-
polcoH I. [.\.i). 1798. He was about to begin
his campaign.] In private he exiircssed in the
strongest terms his horror of Jacobin cruelty
and despotism. "The Directors [of France],"
said he, " cannot long retain their position. They
know not how to do anything for the imagina-
tion of the nation." — Ahhott's N.m'oi.ko.x B.,
vol. 1, ch. 10.
2741. IMAGINATION, Suffering by. Blum
PiMciil. As he was riding one day in Paris, in
a carriage drawn by four horses, the leading
liorses took fright, ran away, and dashing upona
bridge, which was without railings, .sprang into
the water. Fortunately (he traces broke, the
carriage stopped on the very edge of the bridge,
and no one was injured. Pascal, however,
whose mind and body were worn and weakened
by excessive stud}', was so completely terrified
that for many months he fancied he saw an ab^ss
yawning at liis .side, into which he was about to
"be precipitated. To break the illusion, he would
place a chair at that side of Liin ; but it was long
before he could lose tlu; .sense of imminent peril
from this imaginary precipice. — ("yci.opkdi.a of
BiOG., p. 100.
2742. IMAGINATION, Victim of. VoUnnbuK.
[From natives of 8an Salvador.] 1 le understood
also that there was land to the south, the s(.uth-
west, and the north-west, and that the iieojtle
from the las) iiK ntioned (|Uarter fri'((ucntly pro-
ceeded to the st)Utli west in (piesl of gold and
jirccious stones, making in their way descents
upon the islanils, and carrying oil ilic inhab-
itants. Several of llu! nativi's showed him scars
of wounds received in battU < with these inva-
ders. It is evident that a great ;iart of this fancied
intelligence was self-delusion on the ])arl of ''o-
lunibus ; for he was under a spell of llie imagi-
nation, which gave its own shajies and colors to
('\v\y object. He was jicrsuaded that he had
arrived ai:?ong the islands described by Marcf>
Polo as lying opiiosite Cathay, in the Chinese
sea, and he construed everything to accord with
the account given of those ojiulent regions. Thus
the enemies which the natives spoke of .is com-
ing from the north-west he concluded to be the
peojile of the mainland of Asia. — Ikvino's Co-
i.UMiii's, Hook 4, ch. 1.
2743. IMITATION, Fameless. Feninm-e Coo-
per. He had never given any indication of pos-
sessing a talent for literature. ... He was read-
ing aloud to his wife one of those tedious and
trivial English novels which were so common
before Scott and Cooper supplanted them.
Weary of tli(> s]iiritle.ss delineation ot inane char-
acters, he said to his wife, with a yawn, " I can
write a better novel than that myself." ..." You
had better try," replied she, and thought no
more of it. It was a liapjiy and a timely sug-
gestion. He was young, energetic, with plenty
of ambition, and nothing to do. Without tell-
ing even his wife of his intention, lie began to
write a novel, which he named " Precaution,"
and which, after a few weeks of secret toil, he
had the jileasure of submitting W his wife's in-
spection, and reading it to a (-ircle of fric nds.
It is a curious thing, but he produced merely a
loierable imitation of the very kind of novel with
which h(! had been .so much disgusted. . . . This
partial failure was the event which roused him
to a consciousness of his abilities. He now
abandoned English models, and formed the
.scheme of jiroducing a .story of American life, a
tale of the Kevolution — the classic period in tii»!
history of the infant nation. The " Spy" was
the result of his labors — the first and greatest of
a class of novels now to he numbered by thou-
sands. — Cvci,oi'i;i)i.\ (»F Bioc, p. 73.T
2744. IMITATION unappreciated. \.rt. [Age-
.silaus, the Lacechemonian king,] .)eing asked
to go to hear a man who mimicked the nightin-
gale to great iwrfection, he refused and said, " I
have heard the nightingale herself. "—Plu-
TAKCU'S AciKSILAl'S.
2745. IMMORTALITY, Belief in. Poet Shelley.
Whatever Shelley may from time to time have
said about the immortality of tlie soul, he was
no materiali.st, and no believer in the extinction
of the spiritual element by death. Yet he was
too wi.se to dogniatii'.e upona jiroblem which by
its very nature admits of no solution in this world.
" I hope," he said, " but my hopes are not un-
mixed with fear for what will bcfail this inesti-
mable sjiirit when we appear to die, " On another
occasion he told Trelawny, " I am content to see
no farther into futurity than Plato and Bacon.
Mj' mind is tranquil ; I have no fears and some
hopes. In our present gross material state our
(
32*3
IMMOirrALITV— I.Mi'OSITIOX.
111
III
. ffl
faciiltifs iiH! <l()U(ic(l ; when dcalh removes our
clay foveriii!,'s, llic mystery will l)e solvd."—
Symonds'Siiki,i,i;v, cji. ((.
aT4«. IMMORTALITY, Faith in. Aruh.^.
[Some of the Arul)s tliinkj the lite of man to he
but one of those infinite periods of existenee to
be renewed in oilier worlds and uniler other
forms. \Vhen an Arab died, his finest euniel
was tied to a stake beside liis j^ravc, and Jef' >
expire of lnin<^er upon the body of its inasti In
order that lie should I)C furnished witli liis lal)-
itual iii^hi,, ■./■/,■ in the rei^ion to wlucb deatli had
iutrodu.ed him. — Ij.vmaktink's Turkey, j). 4().
ar-ir. IMMOETALITY, Hope of. IMcif//!. Sir
Walter Ualei^di, tlie night before his deatli, wrote
tlicse lines on a blank leaf of his Bible :
" E'en sueli is time ; wl.o takes in trust
Our youth, our joys, and all we liave,
And pays us but with age and dust ;
Who in the dark and silent grave.
When we have wander'd all our ways,
8iiut.s uj) the story of our da^-s.
But from this earth, this grave, tbi.s dust,
Tlie [.ord will raise me up, I trust."
— Ksioiit's En(4., vol ;5, eh. 24, p. Hid.
274$. IMPATIENCE, Disagreement by. AL.r-
^iiuli'r Ilaiiiiltdii. This impalieiu^e and discontent
led finally to a rupture between (Jeneral Wash-
ington and his aide-de-camp. . . . Hamilton bim-
^self has related : "Twodaysago. . . tlie general
find I ])asse<l each otlKU'on the stairs ; he told me
lie wanted to s])eak with me ; I answered that I
would wait upon him immediately. I went be-
low and delivered Mr. Tilghmaii a letter to be
«cut to the commissary, containing an order of a
jMVSsing and interesting nature. Beturning to
the general, I was stopped on the way by the
Marquis de Lafayette, and we coiivcised together
about a minute on a matter of business. He can
testify how impatient I was to get back, and that
I left him in a niaiiner which, but for our inti-
macy, would have lieen more than abrupt. In-
stead of finding the general, as is usual, in his
room, I met him at the lieadof the stairs, where,
accosting me in an angry voice, ' Colonel Ham-
ilton,' .siiid he, 'you have kept me wailing at
the head of the stairs these ten minutes ; I must
t^"!! you, sir, you treat me with disrespect.' I re-
plied, without petulancy, but with (lecision, ' I
am not conscious of it, sir ; but since j'ou have
thought it necessary to tell me so, we part.'
' Very well, sir,' said be, ' if if l)e your choice,'
or something to that eirect, and wo separated.
I Hincerely believe my ab.sence, wliich gave so
much umiiragc, did not last two minutes. In less
than an hour after Mr. Tilghman came to me
in the general's name, assuring me of his confi-
dence in my al)ility, integrity, usefulness, etc.,
and of his desire, in a candid conversation, to
heal a diiference which could not linve happened
but in a moment of passion. I requested Mr.
Tilghman to tell him, first, that I had taken my
resolution in a manner not to be revoked." —
CYCLOPBni.v Of Bioo., p. 47;{.
2?'4». IMPATIENCE, Folly of. Oliver Gold-
»tnith. Goldsmith adverts, in his own humorous
way, to liis impatience at the tardiness with
which his desultory and unacknowledged essays
crept into notice. " I was once induced," says
he, " to show my indignation against the i)ublic
by discontinuing my efforts to please, and was
liravejy resolved, like Baleigh, to vex them by
l)urning my manuscripts in a [lussion. Ujion re-
llection, however, I considered what set or body
of people would be displeased at my nusliness.
'I'lie sun, aft«!r .so .sad an accident, might shine
next morning as bright as usual ; men might
laugh and sing tlie next day, and tran.sact lius-
iness as before ; and not a single creature feel
any regret but my.self. . . . I'crhaps all (}rub
Street might laugh at my fate, and self-approv
ingdignitv be unable to shield me from ridicule."
— luviNd's (;()i,us.\frrir, ch. !), p. (itJ.
2750. IMPEACHMENT, Escape from. Prpxi-
(Icnt JdIiiixoii. Concerning the reorganization of
the Southern States, the real (juestion at issue
was whether a n'ril or a iiii/ifitn/ method . . .
ought to be adopted. . . . The Bresident had urged
[the former] ; . . . in Congress the o])p<)sile o])in-
lon prevailed . . . On the 21st of February, 18(18,
he notified Kdwin ]\I. Stanton, Secretary of War,
of his dismissal from ofhce. The act was regard-
ed by Congress as a usurpation of authf)rity, and
a violation of law on the part of the Bresident.
. . . Articles of im])eacliment were agreed to bv
thellouseof Be. resentatives. . . . On the 2(ith o'f
May . . . the Bresident was ac(iuitted. But his
escape was very narrow : a two-thirds majority
[of the Senate] was retjuired to convict, and but
one vote was wanting. — Bidpath's U. S. , ch. 67,
p. 530.
2751. IMPORTUNITY, Victim of. Chitrks IT.
He was a slave without being a dupe. W^orthlcss
men and women, to the very bottom of whose;
hearts he saw, and whom he knew to be destitute
of affection for him and undeserving of iiis con-
fidence, could easily wheedle him out of titles,
places, domains. State .secrets, and pardons. He
bestowed much, yet he neither enjoyed the jileas-
iirc noraccjuired the fame of beneticence. He
never gave spontaneously, but it was painful to
him to refuse. The consequence was, that his
bounty generally went, not to those who deserved
it best, nor even to those whom he liked liest,
Imt to the most shameless and importunate suitor
who could obtain an audience. — 3Iacaui,ay's
Eno., ch. 2, p. l.-)S.
2752. IMPOSSIBILITIES accomplished, liridge
lit L/hU. A.I). 1790. [Najjoleon i)rojK).sed to cross
\\w bridge at Lodi In the face of the Austrian
batteries that swejit it.] " It is impo.ssible," said
one [of his otlicers], "that any men can force
their way acro.ss that narrow bridge, in flu; face
of such an annihilating storm of balls as must be
encountered." "How' ini])ossil)le I" exclaimed
Nai)ole(m ; " that word is not French." I Najio-
leon, bearing a standard, was the second across.]
— Abiiott's Nai'oi.kon B., vol. 1, ch. 5.
2753. IMPOSITION, ArtfuL AlexamUr. It
was unpossihle to retain the territory he had
overrun ; and his troops, foreseeing no end to
their labors, positively refused to proceed. With
a .sensible mortification to his jjride, he wius forced
to return to the Indus, after rearing, a.s monu-
ments of his coiHpiests, twelve altars upon the
eastern banks of the llypliasis, of enormous
height, on which he inscribed his own name,
with those of his father Amnion and his brothers
Hercules and Apollo. He is said also to have
traced a camp in the same place of three times
the necessary extent, surrounding it with a strong
rampart and fos.se, and to have liuilt in it enor
iJ
IMPOSITION— IMPOSTOR.
■Ml
nious stables for liorscs, with tli(( niiinffers of a
most ixtraonliiiary lici/flil. lie is, in like inan-
iior, said to liavc caiisi'd suits of armor to l)c
buried in theeartli, of si/e farexceediii}^ tlic; bu-
niiiii proi)ortioiis, with bedsteads, and all other
utensils on a similar gigantic scale. — Tytlkh's
Hist., Book 2, cb. 4, p. 11)0.
arS'l. IMPOSITION, official. Willuim Coir-
pir'n Litter. [To Uev. John Newton,] tlie junior
.son of Molly Hoswell. He had stolen some iron-
work, tbejjroperty of Griggs tlie buteher. Heing
convicted, he was ordered to be whipped, which
operation he underwent at the cart'.s tail, from
tlie stone-house to the high arch, and back again.
He seemed to show great fortitude, but it was
all an imposition upon the public. The beadle,
who performed it, had tilled his left hand with
yellow ochre, tlirough whicli, after every stroke,
he drew the lasii of his whip, leaving the appear-
ance of a wound upon the skin, but in reality
not hurting him at all. This being perceived by
Mi. (Vinstablc H., who followed tlie beadle, he
applied his cane, without any such management
or precaution, to the shoulders of the too merci-
ful e.\e(;utioner. The scene immediately became
more interesting. The beadle could by no means
be prevailed upon to strik(^ hard, which provoked
the constable to strike harder ; and this double
Hogging continued till alitssof Silver End, pity-
ing the pitiful beadle thus sulTering under tlie
iiands of the i)itile.sH constable, joined the pro-
cession, and placing herself immediately behind
the latter, seized him by his cajnllarv club, and
imlling him backward by the .same, slapped his
face with a most Amazon fiuy. Tliis concate-
nation of events, has taken up more of my paper
than I intended it should, but I could not for-
bear to inform you how the beadle thrashed the
thief, the constable the beadle, and the lady the
constable, i'.!id how the thief was the only ix-rsoii
concerned who sullered nothing. — S.mitu's Cow-
ri:i{, cb. 7.
2755. IMPOSTOB, Contemptible. LaiDlicrt Sim-
nel. Tlie reign of Henry VII. was disturbed for
awhile by two very singular enterprises. The
Earl of Warwick, son of the late Duke of ( ir-
enc(!, bad been coutined by Richard in the Tow-
er, and bj' his long imprisonment was totallv
unknown, and unacquainted with the world.
One Simon, a priest of O.xford, trained up a
young man, Lambert Simnel, the son of a baker,
U) counterfeit the Earl of Warwick's person, and
instructed him in the knowledge of all the facts
which were neces.sary to support the imposture.
He tir.'^t made his public appearance in Dublin,
where he found many to espousi; his cause, and
he was there solemnly crowned King of England
and Ireland. Thence pa.ssing over to England,
he ventured to give battle to Henry near Notting-
ham. Simnel, with his tutor, the priest, were
both taken prisoners. The priest, who could
not be tried by the civil power, was imprisoned
for life ; and the impostor him.self , who was too
mean an object for the revenge of Henry, was
employed by him as a scullion in his kitchen. —
Tytleii'h Hist., Book 6, ch. 14, p. 239.
2756. IMPOSTOR, Deceived by a. Perkin 'War-
Im'gIc. The old Duchess of Burgundy, sister of
Edward IV. and widow of Charles the Bold,
who wished by all means to embroil the govern-
ment of Henry, caused a report to be spreail that
the young Duke of York, who, along with hi.H
brother Edward, was hitherto believed to liave
been smothered in the Tower by Richard III.,
was .still alive, and she soon after produced a
young man who assumed his name and char
acter ; this was Perkin Warbeck, the son of a
Jew liroker of Antwerp, a youth of great jier-
sonal beauty and insinuating address. He found
means, for a considerable time, to carry on the
decejition, and .seemed, from his valor and abili-
ties, to be not undeserving of the rank whi(;h he
a.ssunied. For tive years lie sujiported his cau.se
by force of arms, and was aided by a respect-
aiile proportion of the Engli.sh nobility. Jaiiii's
I\'., King of yiotland, espoused his interest, and
gave bin. in marriage a relation of his own,
a daughter of the Earl of Huntley. . . . [He
was captured and sentenced to jierpetual imjiri-
sonment.] — Tvti.kk's Hist., Book 0, ch. 14,
p. 229.
2757. . litign of Jnnu'it ff. In
1(598, when England had long enjoyed constitu-
tional freedom under a new dynasty, the son of
an inn-keeiH'r passed himself on the yeomanry
of Sus.sex as their beloved Monmouth, and de
frauded many who were by no means of the low
est class. Five hundred jiounds wen; collected
for him. The farmers provided him with a
horse. Their wives .sent him baskets of chick
ens and ducks, and were lavish, it was said, of
favors of a more tender kind ; for, in gallantry
at lea.st, the counterfeit was a not unworthy rep-
resentative of the original. When this imjiostor
was thrown into jirison for his fraud, bis fol-
lowers maintained him in luxury. — M.\c;.\i;i.ay'8
Eno., ch. .'), p. 583.
275S(. IMPOSTOB punished. liciijn of Jnmcs
II. Such was the devotion of the people to their
unhappy favorite, that, in the face of the strong-
est evidence by which the fact of a death was
ever verified, many continued to cherish a hope
that be was still living, and that he would
again appear in arms. A per.son, it was said,
wlio was remarkably like ^Vloiiniouth had .sac-
rificed himself to .save the Protestant hero. The
vulgar long continued, at every important crisis,
to whisper that the time was at hand, and that
King Monmouth would soor. show himself. In
168() a knave who had iiretended to be the duke,
and had levied contribution in several villages
of Wiltshire, was ai)prebended and whipped
from Newgate to Tyburn. — M.vcaulay's Eno ,
<h. .5, p. 583
2759. IMPOSTOR reproved. General Grant.
[Early in the war nis command were marching
in Missouri. One of the lieutenants obtained re-
freshments for himself and friends by assuming
to iie General Grant and stall. Grant came to
the .same house for refreshments, and wiis curtly
told he could hav(! nothing, because General
Grant and stall had eaten everything except a
[)unipkiii-pie. Grant gave half a dollar for it,
and requested the woman to keep it till sent for.
AVhen the army halted, parade was formed, and
expectations aroused by so unusual a circum-
stance when on a long march. The following or-
der was read : " Lieutenant Wicktield, . . . hav-
ing on this day eaten everything in Mrs. Sel-
viclge's liou.se, at the crossing, . . . except ono
pumpkin-pie. Lieutenant Wicktield is hereby
ordered tt) return with an escort of one hundred
.«
328
IMPOSTOR— IMPULSE.
ii
cuviilry and cat that i)i(' mIho. — U. S. Gnud,
Jiiif/ndur-Gfiif ml ConniKUKlir." It is iinjiossihlc
to describe the L'tTccI . . . on liie Iroops. — IIkad-
I.KY's (JllANT, p. •">(>.
ar«0. IMPOSTOR rewarded. Tittix 0,if(s. A
worthless ini|)()st(>r, one Tilus Onles, wiio bad
more liiaii on<'(! ebiini^ed iiis reli,i;ion, now set
the wbole nation in a ferment by the discoverj'
of a pretended i)lot of the Catliolies. He assert-
cil tbat the pojx', claiming; tiie soverei^nt}' of
En<?hmd, iiad intrusted t lie exercise of his i)ow-
er to the Jesuits, who iiad already got i)atents
for the principal olliees of the kingdom ; that
fifty Jesuits had tiiiilertaken that the kingshoidd
be a.ssassinaled, and the crown bestowed on the
Duke of York, who, if he declined it, was like-
wise to be murdered ; tbat thi; Jesuits, who it
was supposed hud already almost reduced Lon-
«l()n to asiiesin the late dreadful tire, liad planned
another tire and massacre, witii which they in-
tended to begin the execution of their proj(!ct.
. . . The informer received the thanks of Par-
linment, with ii pension of €12(H) sterling. — Tyt-
leh'h lIiHT., Book G, ch. 80, p. 421.
arOI. IMPOSTURE, Political. "Voice in the
Wall." [In ir).")4,wlien England wasdisqiuetod hy
the partisans for Catholic Mary on the one side;,
again.st those of Protestant Elizabeth on the oth-
er,] imiiostiu'c availed itself of the prevailing
dis(jiiiet to stimulate the superstitious l)y a pre-
tended voice in a wall, which was silent when
"God .save Queen Mary" was uttered, but
which cried, "So be it" when "God save tlie
Lady Elizabeth" was pronounced. More than
17,000 persons were collected round this bouse.
— Knkjiit'h En(!., vol. :{, ch. 5, p. 72.
area, impressions, Early. William HI.
[William, Prince of (Jrange.] The Dutch lan-
guage was the language of bis nurserj'. Among
the Dutch gentry be had chosen liis early friends.
The amusements, the architecture, the landscape
of bis native country had taken bold on bis
heart. To lier be turned with constant fondness
from a prouder and fairer rival. In the gallery
of AVbiteiiall be ))ined for the familiar hou.se in
the wood at the Hague, and never was so hap])y
as wlien he could (juit the magniticence of Wind-
.sor for his far luunbler .seat at Loo. During his
splendid banishment it was his consolation to
create round him, l)y building, planting, and
digging, a scene which might renund liim of the
formal piles of red brick, of the long canals, and
of the synunetrical tiower-beds amid whicli bis
earlv life had been passed. — Macaulay's Eng.,
ch. 7, J). 108.
3763. IMPRESSIONS, Tragical. Charles I.
Then taking the little Duke of Gloucester, who
was only five years old, upon bis knees, and desir-
ing to impress upon the mind of the infant, by a
tragical image, the coun.sel which through liim
he addre.s.sed to all the family, " My chihl," said
be, " they are going to cut off thy father's head!"
The boy gazed with anxious and a-stonisbed
looks upon the countenance of the speaker.
" Yes," contin\icd the king, seeking to fix the
terrible remembrance by repetition, " they will
cut off my head, and perhaps make thee king !
But pay attention to my words : thou must not
be made a king by them while thy elder broth-
ers, Charles and James, are living. Tlufy will
cut off their heads also, if they can lay hands ou
them, and will end by cutting olT thine. I there
fore conunand thee never to lie made a king by
them." The child, who was impressed with the
mournful scene and solemn warning, ai)])cared
suddeidy struck iiy a light and a sense of c^Iie-
dience beyond his age. " No," be replied, " I
will not consent — they shall never make me a
king. I will be torn io pieces tirsl I" Charles,
in this infantine heroism, recognized a voice
from heaven, which assured him that his])o>icr-
ily would be true to them.selves in seeking to n;-
store the throne after bisdecea.se. He shed tears
of joy as he surrendered back the Duke of (ilou-
cester to tlie arms of the .jailers. — Lamahtink's
Ckomwici.i,, 1). 40. •
ar«'l. IMPRISONMENT, Long. John Ihin-
yan'H. Such was the world-famous imprisonment
of John Hunyan, which has been the subjecl of so
much elo()uent declamation. It lasted in :\\\ for
more than twelve years. It might have ended
at any time if he woidd have pronnsed to con-
fine his addresses to a ]>rivate circle. It did end
aft(!r six years. He was relea.sed under the first
declaration of indulgence ; but as be instantly
recommenced bis preaching, be was arrested
again. Another six years went by ; he was again
let go, and was taken once more immediately
after, preaching in a wood. This time he wa.s
detained but a few months, and in form more
than reality. The policy of the goverimient was
then changed, and he was free for the rest of
his life. — Fkoiuk's Hunyan, ch. 0.
a765. IMPROVEMENT opposed. Elian ll<>,re.
Like all the other great inventors, Mr. Howe
found that when he had comi)leted bi.s machine
his difficulties had but begim. After he bad
brought the machine to the point of making a
few stitches, lie went to Boston one day to get
a tailor to come to Cambridge and arrange some
cloth for sewing, and give Ins opinion as to the
quality of the work done by the machine. The
comrades of the man to whom he first applied
dissuaded him from going, alleging that a sew-
ing-machine, if it worked well, must neces-sarily
reiliice the wbole fraternity of tailors to beg-
gary ; and this proved to be the unchangciible
conviction of the tailors for tlie next ten years.
It is probable that the machines first made would
have been destroyed by violence but for another
fixed opinion of the tailors, which was. that
no machine could be made that would really
answer the purpose. — Cyclopedia ok Bioo..
p. 688.
a766. IMPROVEMENT repressed. Social.
[In the beginning of the eighteenth century]
the facilities possessed by the people of pass-
ing from one occupation to another occu])a-
tion were very linnted, anil the power of what
we term rising in the world was equally re-
stricted. In the locality in which a lal)orer
was born he generally remained to the end of
his life. . . . The severe enforcement of
the laws of apprenticeship kept a man for-
ever in the jiarticilar pursuit for which he
had served seven years of drearj- education. —
Knkuit's Encj., vol. .5, ch. 4, p. 48.
a767. IMPTTLSE, Success by. Si/lla writes in
his Connnent^iries tliat his instantaneous resolu-
tions and enterprises, executed in a manner dif-
ferent from what he had intended, always suc-
ceeded better than those on which he bestowed
I J
INAUOrUATlOX— INCONSISTKNCV.
32{»
tlid tnost time iinil forcllmuirht. It iH plain too
from tliiit siiyiiitr •>!' I'i'*. Ilml 1"' was Imrii
ratlicr I'or fortune tliaii war, lliat, lie iitlrilitilcd
nioi'o to fortune tlian to valor. — Pi,i'T.\it(ir's
Syi.i.a.
ar««. INAUGURATION, Joyful. W<iy/nn!/tou\'<.
When all was liuslied into silence, \Vasliin,!jrton
a;;ain rose, and came forward, and stood in view
of ail llie people, with the V'ice-l'resident on Ins
ri;rlit and ('hancellor Livin>j;ston, who was to
administer the oath, on the left. When the
chancellor was ahoul to lie;j:in, the secretary
of the Senate held up the Hil)le on its crimson
cushion ; and while the oath was read, Washinir-
ton laid his hand uijon the open hook. When
the readint? was finished, he said, with threat so-
lemnity of mannei-, " I swear; so help nieOod I"
After which he bowed and kis.sed the hook.
Tlu! ehancellor then, wavini^ his hand toward
the iHiople, cried out, " Loiifj IiveGeori,'e Wash-
inj^ton, President of the United States !" — C'v-
ci,ori:i)i A OK Hiod., <h. 20.
a»69. INAUGURATION, MyBtic, To, in, I.
[The Sultan of Turkey.) After tlie chastise-
ment of the j^tiilty and the restoration of peace,
the royal .shepherd accepte<l the reward of his
labors ; and a solemn comedy represented the
triumph of relijjjioiis prejudice over barbarian
power. The Turkish sultan embarked on the
Tif^ris, landed at the jjate of Kacea, and madi'
bis public entry on horseback. At the i)alace-
gate he respectfully dismounted and walked on
foot, preceded by liis emirs without arms. The
caliph [Cayem] was seated behind his bhick
veil ; the black ,!,^arment of the Abbassides was
cast over his shoulders, and he lield in his hand
the staff of the apostle of God. The conqueror of
the East ki.ssed the ground, stood .some time in a
modest po.sture, and was led toward the tlirone
by the vizier and a^i interpreter. After Togrul
bad seated bim.self on another throne, his com-
mi.ssi()n was publicly read, which declared him
the temporal lieutenant of the vicar of the
prophet. He was successively invested with
seven robes, .seven climates of the Arabian em-
pire. His mystic veil was i)erfiMned with musk ;
two crowns were ))lace(l on his head, two cime-
ters were _s;;irded to his side, as the .symbols
of a do(d)le reij;n over the East and West. — Gih-
bon's Ko.mi:, eh. 57, p. olO.
arrO. inauguration, simplicity of. TI,„i,i„s
JeffevKtu,. Till! President-elect . . . was dres.sed in
plain cloth, which was very unusual at that
time, as we may .see in old portraits. He came
out of his lodgings unattended, and mounted
his hor.se, which had been waiting for liim be-
fore his door. H(! rode to the Cai)itol, unaccom-
panied by any friend, and without a servant,
and when be had reached the building he dis-
mounted without assistance, and witli his own
hands tied the hor.se to a paling of the fence.
He was received at the steps of the Capitol by a
large nuiuber of his political friends, who abso-
lutely would not permit him to carry out his in-
tention of going alone to the senate-cliamber to
take the oath of office. A kind of procession
was formed, and they walked together to the
apartment. — Cyclopkdia ok Biog., p. 353.
am. INCAPACITY, Official. liihtilux. Tlie
weather was wild. Even of transports he had
but enough t(i carry half his army in a single trip.
With such a prospect aixl with the knowledge
that if he reached Greece at nil he would have to
land in the inmu'diate neighborhood of Poinpey's
enormous host, sur|)ri.se has been exiires^ed that
Ciesar did not i)refer to go roimd through Illy-
ria, kecjiing his legions together, liut Ca'sar
had won many victories by appearing where be
was least expected. lU^ liked well to descend
like a bolt out of the blue sky ; and for the
very reason that no ordinary lu'rson would un-
der such circumstanci's have Ihoughl of alleinp'
ingthe pas.sage, he determiiu'd to try it. Long
marches exhausted the troops. In bad weather
the enemy's Heel i)referred the harbors to the
open .sea; and|)erhaps hehad a furtherand spi'cial
ground of contidence in knowing that theollicer
in charge at Corfu was his old accpiaintance,
Hibnius — Hibulus, the fool of the aristocracy,
the butt of Cicero, who had failed in everything
which he had undertaken, and had been thanked
by ('ato for his ill successes. Cu'.sar knew the
men with whom he had to deal, lie knew Pom-
pey's incapacity ; he knew liibidus's inca|)acity.
— FudiDKs c'ksah, ch. 22.
arra. INCENDIARY punished. R,m,n,. After
the previous ceremony of whipping, he him.self
was delivered to the tlames ; and in his e.xam-
l)le alone our reason is tempted to ap])land tlu;
justice of retaliation. — Giuhon's Ko.mi;, ch. 44,
■p. 372.
arra. inconsistency of character. Pili/.
To a jioint of honor Molassem, the .Mohammedan
general, liad sacrificed a nourishing city, two
hundred thousand lives, and the property of
millions. The .saine caliph descended from his
h(M'se and dirtied his robe to relieve the distress
of a decrepit old man, who, with his laden ass,
bad tumbled into a ditch. On which of these
actions did he reflect with the most pleasure
when he was sununoned by the angel of death '!
— GiiJiiONs Ko.MK, ch. .'53, p. 320.
arT'l. INCONSISTENCY, Christian. Kffe r t.
[The Emperor Julian is known in history as
" the Apostate."] The cause of his strange and
fatal apo.stasy may be derived from the early
ju'riod of his life, when he was k'ft an orjjlian
in the bands of the nuu'derers of his family.
The names of Christ and of Constantius, the ideas
of slavery and of religion, were .soon associated
in a youthful imagiuittion, which was suscep-
tible of the most lively impressions. [Constan-
tius nnirdered his faiher and mother and im-
])ri,soned him (hu'ing his vouth.j— Giuhon's
Ro.MK, ch. 23, p. 410.
arrS. inconsistency, Disgraceful. Willmm
Pciiii. [See No. 1842.] Then Penn tried a
gentler tone. He had an interview with Hough
and with some of the fellows, and, after many-
professions of sympathy iin<l friendship, began
to hint at a compromise. The king could not
bear to be cro.ssed. The college must give way.
Parker must be adiuitted. But he was in very bad
health. All his prefi'rnients would .soon be va-
cant. " How should you like," said Penn, " to
see Doctor Hough Bishop of Oxford?" Penn
bad pa.ssed bis life in declaiming against a hire-
ling ministry. He held that lie was bound to
refuse the payment of tithes, and this even when
he had bought land chargeable with tithes, and
bad been allowed the value of the tithes in the
purchase-money. According to bis own prin
ii \ I
330
INCONSISTKXCY— INDEPENDKNCh.
oiplcs, lie woiilil liiivc ('oniinittcil ii i^rciil niii if
In- hud iiilcrlercd for llic purpnsi' of olitaiiiiiiir
rt boiit'ticc oil the most lioiiorahic Icniis foi' tlic
riioHt pioiiH iliviiic. Yet to hucIi ii (Icirn'c liud
his iimimcrs bei'ii corrupU'd by I'vilcoininuiiica-
tloiis, iiiid Ills iiiidcrstaiidiii^ oliscurcd by iiior-
(liiiiitc Zfsal for a single object, tliat, he did not
scruple to become a broicer in sinioiiy of a pecu-
liarly diMcre<litable kind, and to use a bishoi)ric
a.s a Imil to tempt a divine to perjury. — Macal-
lay'h En<i., ch. rt, J). 275.
3776. INCONSISTENCY by Self-interest. Sam.
uelJohiiHon. Having defined the word pension
aH "pay f^iven to a State hirelinj? for treason to
his country," he himself became a pensioner;
iiimI . . . with small hire . . . set about the
task of liis work-musters. In a tract called
" Taxation no Tyranny," he echoed to the crowd
tthe wishes of the ministry uijainst America]. —
JANCitoFT's U. S., vol. 7, ch. 24.
2777. INCREASE, Ineffective. Qeorge HI.
A.I). 1775. [He was determined to (rush the
opposition of the American (;olonies.] When he
announced thut a numerous body of German
trooi)8 was to join the British forces, [the Duke
of] Grafton [keeper of the priv^ seal] answered
earnestly : " Your Majesty will find too late
that twice the number will only increase the
disgrace, and never effect the purpose." — Ban-
ciiokt'h U. S., vol. 8, ch. 51.
2778. INDECISION of Timidity. Conitpiniior.
[Gaston of Orleans and Count de Soissons en-
tered into a conspiracy against the life of Uich-
elieu.] The un.suspecting minister descended
the staircase surrounded by the consi)irators,
and at this moment his fate hung upon a thread.
But Gaston's nerve failed him : he hesitated to
give the appointed signal ; the rest dared not
strike without his orders ; they separated, and
the cardinal escaped. — Studknts' Fuance, ch.
19, 5^ 12.
3779. INDECISION in Wron^-doing. James
II. [The clergy had generally refused to read the
king's anti-Protestant manifesto.] Even the king
stood aghast for a moment at the violence of the
tempest which be had raised. What step was
he to take next ? He must either udvance or
recede ; and it was impossible to advance with-
out peril, or to recede without humiliation. At
one moment he determined to put forth a second
order, enjoining the clergy in high and angry
terms to publish his declaration, and menacing
every one who should be refractory with instant
.suspension. This order was drawn up and sent
to the press, then recalled, then a second time
sent to the press, then recalled a second time. —
Macaclay's Eng., ch. 8, p. 328.
27§0. INDEPENDENCE, American. Samuel
Adams. [The governor of Massachusetts, in
October, 177.^, wrote Lord Dartmouth, the co-
lonial secretary, that Samuel Adams] was the
first person that openly and in any public a.s-
sembly declared for a total independence. —
Knight's Eno., vol. 6, ch. 22, p. 337.
27§ 1 . INDEPENDENCE, CUldish. You ng Sum-
vel Johnson. One duy when the servant who
used to be sent to school to conduct him home
not having come in time, he .set out by himself,
though he was then so near-sighted that he was
obliged to stoop ou his hands and knees to take
a view of the kennel lieforc he ventured to step
over it. Mis sclioolmislre.ss, afraid thut Ik; might
miss his wuy or fall into the kennel, or be run
over by a cart, followed him at some distance.
llehu|ipened to turn about and perceive her.
Feeling her careful attention as an insult to his
manliness, he run buck to her in a rage, and
beat her us well as his strength would permit.
— Boswkm.'h Johnhon, j). 5.
2712. INDEPENDENCE, Declaration of. Am-
triraii. Thus, on the 4lh of .July, was coin*
|)leted what bus been not unjustly termed "the
most meinoruble ])ublic document which liis-
tory records." — Knumit's Eno., vol. fl, cli. 28,
p. 307.
27§3. . CoiujreHs. August 3, 177«.
The meml)ers of Congress, huving no amijr
but a transient one, no confederation, no treas-
ury, no .supplies of inateriuls of war, signed
the Declaration of Independence, which had
been engros.sed on i)archment. — Banckokt's
U. S., vol. 9, ch. 2.
27§4. INDEPENDENCE defeated. Canadian.
In the latter jiart of 1837 there was an insurrection
in Cunada. A portion of the people, (Mssatl.sfied
with the British Government, broke out in revolt,
and attemi)ted to establish their independence.
The iiLsurgents found much sj'inpathy and en-
couragement in the United States. . . . Seven
hundred men [from New York] seized and
fortified Navy Island, in the Niagara River. Tho
loyalists of Cunada attempted to capture the
place, and fuiled. They succeeded, however, ia
firing the Caroline, the supply-ship of the ad-
venturers, cut her moorings, and sent the burn-
ing vessel over Niagara Fulls. . . . The President
[yim Buren] i,ssue(l a proclamation of neutrality,
forbidding interference with the affairs of Can-
adu. The New York insurgents on Navy Island
were obliged to surrender, and order was re-
stored. — Kidpath'8 U. S. , ch. 55, p. 438.
2785. INDEPENDENCE determined. Alger-
lion Sidney. AVhile hunting with Louis XIV.
... in a royal park near Paris, . . . the king
was so captivated by the stranger's horse thut
he determined to possess it, and sent a messen-
ger to ask the owner to name the price and
deliver the animal. This was the king's way
of buying anything upon which he had fixed
covetous eyes, and no one ever presumed to
refuse him. But this Englishman, to the sur-
prise of the messenger, and to the great irrita
tion of the king, replied to the proposal that
his horse was not for sale. The haughty mon-
arch caused a liberal price for a horse to be
counted out, and sent it to the Englishman, with
a i)ositive order to accept the same and surrender
the animal. An exile from his native land,
where, at that bad time, there was no justice for
such as he, where king and ministers were the
l)aid .servants of the French monarch, he seemed
to have no choice but to obey. But this was a
man of the heroic type. He drew a pi.stol, and
shot the hoi-se thiough the head, .saying : "My
horse was born a free creature, has .served a free
man, and shall not be ma.stered by a king of
slaves." There you have Algernon Sidney, the
blunt, brave, noble-minded Itepublican, among
the first of his time and country who clearly
understood the rights of man and the just foun-
dation of human government — the forerunner
INDEPENDENCK.
;{3l
of our.IciTcrson unci Muiliaon — Cycloi'EDIA of
Bioo., p. 807.
3786. INDEPENDENCE, Domeitio. Wishing-
ton'a Mother. Gcorffc VViisliiiiKlmi asked her to
cotiH! and live with him at Mount Vernon. " I
thanit you, George," she said, "hut 1 prefer
iHiin;^ independent." And ho to llie laHt she lived
in li(!r own plain farmiiou.se, and superintended
tlie eullure of lier own aeres, not disdaining; to
lal)or Willi her own liaiids. When Lafayette
visit(!(i her lii; found her at work in her garden,
with her old sun-honnet on, and she <'amo in to
8e(! him, saying, " I would not \my you so
poor a compliment, manjuis, as to stay to change
my dress." — (!vcm)1'KDIA ok IJioo., p. 11.
37M7. INDEPENDENCE, Ministerial. Meth-
(uliiitH. [In 1790 Dr. Coke presided at the .session
of the Methodist Con fen nee held at lialtimore ;
and one of the .striking features of this goo(l
Englislinian's character was, that Ik; was impa-
tient of contradiction, and not wholly iiisensihle
to his own personal Importance, lie had on
this occasion introduced some proposition which
.seemed to some of the preachers a little dictato-
rial ; and one of them, an Irishman, by the
name of Mathews, . . . sprung to his feet, and
cried out," Popery ! Popery ! Popery!" Dr. Coke
relmked the impul.sive rudeness \.f Mathews.
While the conference was now in a state of
great suspense and agitation, Dr. Coke seized
the paper containing his own resolution, and
tearing it up, not in the most moderate manner,
looked round upon the preachers, and said,
" Do you think yourselves eejual to me V" Nel-
son lieed instantly arose, and said : " Dr. Coke
ha.s n.sked whether we think ourselves equal to
him ; I answer, Yes ; we do think ourselves equal
to him, notwithstanding he was educated at Ox-
ford, and has been honored with the degree of
Doctor of Laws ; and more than that, we think
ourselves equal to Dr. Coke's king." [The doc-
tor saw his error, and lusked pardon.] — Stevens'
M. E. CiiuucH, vol. 2, p. 70.
378§. INDEPENDENCE, Natural. Julius Gie-
sar Cajsar was now eighteen, his daughter .lulia
having been lately born. He had seen his
party ruined, his father-in-law and young Mari-
us killed, and his nearest friends dispersed or
murdered. . . . The dictator had his eye on him,
and Sylla had .seen something in " the youth
with the loose girdle" which struck him as re-
markable. Closely connected though Cu;sar
was both with Cinna and Marius, Sylla did not
wi.sh to kill him if he could help it. There was
a cool calculation in his cruelties. . . . Making
a favor perhaps of his clemency, he proposed to
Otusar to break with his liberal associates, divorce
Cinna's daughter, and take such a wife as he
would himself provide. If Pompey had com-
plied, who had made a position of his own,
much more might it be expected that Ca;sar
would comply. Yet CiEsar answered with a
distinct and unlie.sitating refusal. The terrible
Sylla, in the fulness of his- .strength, after deso-
lating half the homes in Italy, after revolution-
izing all Roiimii society, from the peasjint's cot-
tage in the Apennines to the senate-house it.self,
was defied by a mere boy ! Throughout his ca-
re<'r (\TS!ir displayed always a singular indiflfer-
eiice to life, lie had no .sentimental passion
about liini, no Byronic mock-heroics. He had
not much iHslief either in (tod or the ginls. On
all such (pie.stions he observed from first to !a.st
a|)rofou!id sil<>nce. Hut one conviction he had.
He int»!:ided, if he was to live at all, to liv(^ mas-
ter of himself in matters which belonged to him
self. Sylla might kill him if he so pleiixed. It
was better to (lit; than to put away a wife who
was the mother of his child, niid to marry some
other woman at a dictator's bidding. Lift^ on
such terms was not worth keeping. — Fkoude's
C.KHAIl, ch. 8.
ii7M9. INDEPENDENCE necessary. Airhbhh-
<>/) Aimiui. The boldness of Anselm's titlitude
not only broke the tradition of ecclesiastical
.sei-vitude, but infuscnl through the nation at
large a new sjiirit of independence. Tlu^ real
chara(;ter of the strife appears in the jirimaU'S
answer when his remonstrances against the law-
less exactions from the church werc! met by a
(hfinand for a jiresent on his own promotion, and
his first offer of i.WO was (lontempluously re-
fused. "Treat me as a free man," An.selm replied,
"and I devote myself and all that I have to
your service ; but if you treat \\w, as a slave you
.shall have neither me nor mine." A burst of the
red king's [William] fury drove the archbishop
from court, and he finally decided to (juit the
country ; but his example liad not b(H!n lo.st, and
the close of William's reign found a new spirit of
freedom in England with which the greatest of
the conqueror's sons was glad to niaketerm.s. —
IIisT. OF Eno. Pkoi'i.e, ^ 116.
il700.INDEPENDENCE proclaimed. American.
On the 7th of June, 1776, Hichard Henry Lee, of
Virginia, offered a resolution in Congress declar-
ing that the united colonic^s are and of right ought
to be free and independent States ; that they
are ab.solved from all allegiance to the British
crown ; and that all political connection between
them and Great Britain is and ought to be dis-
solved. A long and exciting debate ensued. . . .
On the 1st of July Lee's resolution was taken
up, and at the »une time the committee's report
was laid before Congress. On the next day the
original resolution was adopted. During the
3d the formal declaration was debated with
great spirit. . . . The discussion was resumed on
the 4th, and at two o'clock in the afternoon of
that memorable day the Deci.auation ok Amer-
ican Independence was ado|)ted by a unani
mous vote. — Ridpath's U. S., ch. 39, p. 309.
2701. INDEPENDENCE, Profitless. t<amna
Johnson. [The Crown bestowed on him a pen-
sion.] I talked of the numerous refiections which
had been thrown out against him on account of
his having accepted a pen.sion from his present
Maje8t3^ " Why, sir," said he, with a hearty
hvugh, "it is a mighty foolish noise that they
make. I have accepted of a pen.sion as a reward
which has been thought due to my literary mer-
it ; and now that I have this ijension, I am the
same man in every respect that I have ever
been ; I retain the same principles. It is true
that I cannot now cur.se" (smiling) " the House of
Hanover ; nor would it be decent for me to
drink King James' health in the wine that King
George gives me money to pay for. But, sir,
I think that the pleasure of cursing the House
of Hanover and drinking King James' health
are amply overbalanced by £300 a year." — Bos-
well's JfonNSON, p. 119.
n:\-i
INI)KI'i:NI)KN('K-IM)rF,(}K\(E.
4704. IIVDEPENDENCE, Religioui. ( •mm ir, It's
Tiiiic. Tlicy lii'ld llii' I'l'i'sliylcriiiiiH in as jtrciil
aliliorrciicc lis those of llic Clmrcli of Kn^laiul.
'I'liiy iirctcndcd to iiiiincdiatc inspiralioti t'loiii
luvivcii ; rcjci'led all (■cclcHiaHtical ('stal)liHli-
nictils ; diNclaiiied all cfccds and svstcin.s of lic-
licf ; and, dcH|)i.sinfi; every distinelfon of fjoverii
ors and t;overned, iield all men— kinjr, nobility,
and eoninions — to lie upon a level of e(iuidily.
Of this seel Cronnvell was one of tlu; chief
leaders. He was a person of a rnde and uncul-
tivated, but very superior ^'cnius — a man whose
])eculiar dexterity lay in discoverinj; the charac-
ters and takin;j; advantaf,'e of the weaknesses of
mankind. He was in religion at on<;e an enthu-
siast and a hypocrite ; in political matters, both
a leveller and a tyrant; and in common life,
cautious, subtle, and circumspect ; at the same;
time he was dariiii; and impetuous. — 'rvn.Ku'H
Hist., Hook ((, ch. 2i», \\ 40(5.
ar»». INDIFFERENCE, Cruel. .IuUuh Co'mv.
They were e.xpec'ted to decorate the city with
new ornaments and to entertain the ])eople with
magnificent spectacles. If they fell short of
public expectation, they need look no further
for the sulTrajres of their many-headed master.
.... Ciesar, either n'ore ambitious or less con-
fident in his services, raised a new and costly
row of cohimns in front of thi; Capitol. He
built a temple for the Dioscuri, and he charmed
the populace with a show of gladiators uinisu-
ally extensive. Personally he cared nothing for
these sanguinary exhibitions, and he displayed Ids
indiirijrence ostentatiously by reading or writing
while the butchery was going forward. But he
required the favor of the multitude, and then,
a.s always, took the road which led most directly
to his end. — FiiofDKs (^kh.\h, ch. 11.
ay»4. INDIFFERENCE, Religious. CharlkjI.
Charles [II. | was a heartless volnptuar}', and
selfish in his craving for ease and pleasure. Se-
cretly a Papist, opeidy a .scofTer, Ei)i.scoi)alian,
Pr(!sl)yterian, or Indepenchuit might harass each
other, .so that Charles was quiet. — Knioiit's
EN(i.,vol. 4, ch. 14. p. 2:y.
2795. INDIGNATION expressed. PntrioU to
a Tory. a.i). 1774. The i)eo])le of Plymouth
were grieved that George Watson, their respect-
ed townsman, was willing [to be a member of
the Tory council appointed in Massachusetts by
Governor Gates]. . . .On the first Lord's day
after his purpose was known, as soon as he took
his seat in meeting, his neigh l)ors and friends
put on their hats before the congregation and
walked out of th*; hou.se. The; extreme public
indignity was more than he could bear. As the\'
pa.s.sed his pew, he hid his face by bending his
head over his cane, and determined to resign. —
IUncuoftV U. S., vol. 7, ch. 8.
3790. INDIGNITY deserved. Jxha. Before
he was pra-tor he was engaged in defending
Masintha, a yoimg Numidian prince, who had
suffered some injury from Hiempsal, the father
of Juba. .Juba himself came to Rome on the
occiusion, bringing with him the means of in i-
encing the judges which .lugurtha had found
so effective. Ca;sar in his indignation seized
.luba by the beard in court. — Fuoudk's C.(E8AK,
ch. 28.
4797. INDISCRETION, Destructive. Passion.
[The Emperor Valentinian drew his sword — the
lirsl sworil he ever drew — and plumbed it in the
breast of .'El ins, the general who had saved liUi
empire but excited his envy. | Tlir' emiieror wuh
confounded by the honest reply of a Uoimin,
whose approbation he had not disdaiiuul to
solicit. " I am ignorant, sir, of your motivcH or
provocations ; I only know that yoti have acted
like a man who cuts olT his right hand with his
left. "— Giniio.Ns Ho.Mi:, ch. ;J5, p. 4.').').
4798. INDISCRETION, Pre eminent. l{M,up
liiiriiit. Burnet was allowed by his friends and
admirers to Im^ the most ollicious and indiscreet
of mankind ; but the sagacious prince perceived
that this pushing, talkative divine, who was al-
ways blabbing secrets, asking impertinent (pies-
tions, obtruding unasked advice, was neverthe-
less an upright, coin'ageous, and able man, well
acquainted with the tenqx-r and the views of
factions. — MAtAii..\v's En<i.,
:'/.'
British sects and
ch. 7, p. Klo.
4799. INDULGENCE, Constitutional. Snmiid
Jithnxon. \\h' engaged to translate " A Voyage
to Aby.ssinia" from the French into English.
lie began, and the printer] was set to work with
what was ready, and John.son engaged to sup-
ply the press with copy as it should be wanted ;
l)ut his constitutional indolence .soon ])revuiled,
and the work was at a stan<l. Mr. Hector, who
knew that a motive of humanity would be the
most i)revailing argunu'Ut with Ins friend, went
to .lohn.son, and represented to him that the
printer could have no other employment till this
undertaking was finished, and that the jjoorman
and his family were suffering. Jolui.son upon
md ins tamily were sullermg,
this exerted the powers of his mind, though his
body was relaxed. He lav in bed with the
book, which was a (|U!Uto. before him, and dic-
tated while Hector wrote. — HoSWKI.I.'s.ioiINBON,
p. 17.
4MOO. INDULGENCE given to Sin. Pnianrc.
[During the time of Charlemagne tliemon? ordi-
nary offences of fornication and adultery, of
perjurj' and .sacrilege, of rni)ine and murder,
were expiated by a penance, which, accordingto
the various circumstances, was i)rolonged from
forty days to .seven \'ears.] A literal accomplish-
ment of penance was indeed iiupracticable : the
guilt of adultery was nuilti])lied by daily rejx'ti-
tion ; that of homicide might involve the mas-
sacre of a whole people ; each act was separate-
ly nund)ered ; and in those times of anarchy
and vice a UKMle.st siimer unght easily incur a
debt of three hundred years. His insolvency was
relieved by acomnuitation, or iiidi/lr/dire ; a year
of penance was apprec'iated at twenty-six mlidi of
silver, about £4 sterling, for the rich ; at W solidi,
or'J.v. ,for the indigent; and these alms were
.soon appropriated to the u.se of i\w. church,
which derived, from the redenq)tion of sins, an
inexhaustible .source of opulence and dondnion.
A debt of three hundr<(l years, or ,£1200, was
enough to inq)overis!i a plentiful fortune ; the
.scarcity of gold ;ind silver was supplied by the
alienation of land ; and the i)rincely donations
of Pepin and Charlemagne are expros.sly ^,iven
for the remedy of their soul. It is u maxim of
the civil law that whosoever cannot pay with
his purse must pay with his body ; and the
practice of flagellation was adopted by tlie
monks, a cheap though painful e(iuivalent. By
a fantastic arithmetic, a year of penance was
INDl'LOKNCKS— INDl STUV.
:<:):)
(ii.\(!(l at Ihn-o tlioiisuiid IuhIicm ; and nmcIi was
tlu^ skill ami |)all('ii('c of a fainotiM hcriiiit, St.
Motiiinic III' tlio Iniii CiiirasH, that in six (layn lie
could (lis(har)j;(! an entire century l>y a whip-
|iin;^ of three hundred tlmusand stripes. lliH
example was followed by many jx'nitents of
lioth .sexes ; and, a.s a vicarious sacnlice was ac-
(■e|H(;(l, a sturdy disciplinarian mi^dit expiate on
his own haclt liie sins of his lienefactors. These
compensations of the |)urse and the iMTsctri in-
troduced, in the eleventh century, a morcr honora-
ble mode of satisfaction. — GmiioN'rt Ito.MK, cl».
M, p. .-il.
tINOI. INDULGENCES, Cargo of. I'nixif. [In
ir)9:i 'Phomas White, of lioniTon, captured in a
Hpanisli vessel two ndllions of papal bulls for
indul>,'en( es.J — Knkiiit's K.no., vol. U, ch. 17,
p. 2(17.
ilMO'i. INDULGENCES, Papal. Ti'(z<i. The form
of the absolution issued by Telzel was as fol-
lows : "I absolve thee from all ecclesiastical
censures, and from all thy sins, how enormo\is
so((ver ; anil by this plenary induliicnce 1 renut
tlu>o all manner of ])unishment which thou ou^ht-
est to suli'er in puri^atory. And I restore thee to
the sacraments of tin; church, and to that inno
cenc(! and purity which thou liadst at thy bajt-
tisni ; so as. at death, the t^ates of hi'll shall be
shut against thee, and the j^ates of paradise shall
be laid open to receive thee. In the name of the
Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit.
Amen." — Kiit/i'.i Ilist. »/ S'litlnutl, Introd., p. 4.
— NoTi; I.N TvTi. Kit's iliHT., Hook 0, ch. 2(),
p. 2!»1.
ilHOJ. INDULGENCES, Sale of. Chiirch-hiilld
in;/. A |)roje(!t had likewi.se been set on foot by
luH predecessor, Julius II., whi(-h Leo keenly
adopted, and wldcih reipnred a i)ro(ligious sum
of monev to carry it into execution. This was
the building of St. Peter's Church at Uoine, a
fabric which it was intended should surpass all
the inagniliceiit structures that had ever been
reared i»y the art of man. For the construction
of this nol)le edifice, and to supply the luxuries
of In.s court, Lcio X. had recourse (to nse an ex-
fir(!.ssion of Voltaire) to one of the keys of St.
'eter, to opf.'ii the cotfers of Christians. Under
the pretence of a crusade against the Turks, he
instituted tlinnigh all Cliristendom a .sale of in-
dulgences, or releases from the pains of purga-
tory, wliich a pious man might purchase for a
small sum of money either for himself or for his
friends. Pul)lio olHces were appointed for the
sale of them in every town, and tliey were farmed
or biased out to the keepers of taverns and bag-
nios. Their elHcacy was proclaimed by all tlie
preachers, who maintained that tlie most atro-
cious oll'ences against religion nught be expiated
and forgiven by the pvircha.se of a remission. A
Dominican friar of the name of Tetzel, a i)rinci-
p:il agent in this extraordinary anil most abomi-
nable merchandise, was Avont to repeat in liis
public, orations this blasph(>mous as.sertion,
"That he him.self had .saved more souls from
hell by these indulgences than St. Peter had
converted t(j Cliristianity l)y his preaching." —
TvTi,KEis IlrsT., Hook (5, ch. 20, p. 291.
"2^01. INDUSTRY, Education in. SaviuelJohn-
8on. At the iim where we dined the gentlewom-
an .said that she had done her be.st to educate
her children ; and, particularly, that she had
never sufTered lliem lo bea moment idle. .loiiN-
HoN : " I wish, madam, vou would edueale me
too, for I have been an iille fellow all my life."
" I am sure, sir," said she, "yon have not been
idle." .loHNso.N : " Nay. madam, it is xcry true ;
and that gentleman there" (poiiiliug In me| " has
been idle, lie was idle at Fdinburgb. His fa-
ther sent him to (iliisgow, where he continued to
be idle, lie then came to London, where he has
been very idle; and now he is going to i'treelit,
where h.' will be as idli' as ever." I asked him
privately how he could e.vpnse me so. H<m-
WKi.i.'s .Johnson, p. r.M».
ilM05. INDUSTRY, Expoiition of. Timmir.
|.\bout .\.i). MOO 'I'imour gathered ill his capi-
tal all theotlicersr .d chief men for a national
council. When assembled I there was an exhibi-
tion of all the industry, of all the arts, and all
th(! trades of the world, as far as subject to tla?
laws of the Khan. The most expert artisans
displayed there tlie master-woiks of their jirofes-
sii/tis ; in tlieir shops they erected trophies, arch-
es of tlowei's to represent the victories, wherein
they showed superior skill in the retineinents of
tlieir various trades. The jewellers exhibited
necklaces of pearls and ])reeious stones, princi-
pally ruliies, grenadines, and sapphires, willi an
intinily of pieces of rock ciysliil, of coral and of
agate. A vast aniphitlieatre was ei'ccted for the
ladies, in front of which played the musicians,
with all tli(^ species of amusements. There was
also an aniphitlieatre assigned to all the trades,
and containing tlinsa hundred compartments. —
L A.M. MIT INKS TUHKKV, p. 'M\').
ilM06. INDUSTRY, Happiness by. A'/z/z^m//.
[Karly in tlie eigliteenth century) the greater
number of fashionable women "spent tlieir hours
in an indolent state of body and mind, with-
out eitlier recr(!ations or reflect ions." Stimu-
lants, if we may believe the censor, were .some-
times resorted to : " Palestris, in her drawing-
room, issupi)orted by spirits, to keep oil the re-
turn of spleen and melancholy, before she can
get over half the day, for want of something to
do ; while the wench in the kitchen sings and
scours from morning to night." — Kmoiit's
Eno., vol. .'), ch. 27, p. 418.
itMOr. INDUSTRY misapplied. Jamertown Col-
oni/. The kind of indu.stry which Smith had
encouraged in the colony was now laughed at.
As .soon as the weather would permit . . . [the
colonists] began to stroll about the country dig-
ging for gold. In a bank of sand . . . some
glittering particles were found, and the whole
settlement was in a blaze of excitement. Martin
[a member of council] . . . in imagination saw
himself loaded witli wealth and honored with
a peerage. [Another member] . . . having fill-
ed up one of his slii])s with the supposed gold-
dust, then sailed uj) the .James lliver to find the
Pacific Ocean. Fourteen weeks of the precious
springtime, tliat ought to have been given to
ploughing and planting, n'ere consumecl in tliis
stupid nonsense. Even the Indians ridiculed
the madness of the men who for imaginary grains
of gold were wasting their cliances for a crop of
corn. — Kii)r.\TH's U. S.,cli. 9, \i. 102.
28011. INDUSTRY, Proof of. Callomed Hands.
[The persecutors of the (Jhristians during the
reign cf Trajan found) the grandsons of St. .Jude
the apostle, who himself was the brotlier of .Jesus
i
3;u
IN'DrSTUV -INFANTS.
,
('liriHt. 'I'hcir iniliiiiil iirilrriHioim In tin- tliroiic
of hiivid tni^lit |)('rliii|Mallra('t III)' n .H|i('('t of (he
proplc, Mini rvcilf the jcilnilHV (if lllf govern
or. . . . Wlicn liny wciv cxiimiiicil coiicoriiiii;;
(liflr fortune niid occiipalinn, lliry hIiowoI tlicir
luiniN, liiinlrtMMl with ilnily liil)or, and declared
Unit tlieyderived tiieir whole siiliHisteiiee from the
cnllivation of a farm near (he villa);e of ( 'oeaha,
of the extent of about twenty four Knj^lJMh aeres,
and of the value of IMHK)' draehmH. or jL:I()()
Hterlin/u'. 'I'lie jfrandsonM of St. .lude were (lis
ndssed with eoin|iMssion and eoiilciiipt. — Oiii-
iioNH UoMK, eh. Itt, |i. ','1.
•Jl«im>, INDUSTRY, Report of. Emiplnn.K.
[The law'l of .VmaMJs ordained every individual
to appear aiUMially lieforea particular ina^iNlrate
mid ^nve an aeenunl of his profession and the
manner in whieli he aecpiired his suhsistence.
A capital punishnient. it is said, was decreed
iiKaiiiHt the person who could not show that he
procured it l»y honest, means. We shall oliserve
H similar treatment of the Athenian repuhlic.
—Tyti, Kit's llisr., MooU 1, ch. l, p. MH.
iiMIO. INDUSTRY sacrifloed to Pride. (Uiavlrs
I. |l)uriii;;thc reiij:n of Charles I, | all shops in
Cheapside and liomliard Street, e.\cei)t those of
the p)ldsiniths, were commanded to he shut up,
that lhe>;i'cat avenue to the cathedral niiirht not
exhiliit any trace of \ ul.irar industries, and that
when forel^fiicrs went to see the Lord Mayor's
j)rocessioii, they mii;ht not he olTerided liv hutch-
t'l'.s' stalls and "fripperies." — Knkiiitw Eno.,
vol, ;{, ch. -M. p. 42.">.
ii»9 1 1 . INDUSTRY, Standard of. Lf<i(fiir n
Ai>r<iii. I While '{"inioui', the coiKiuerin;,^ 'i'artar,
WHS winterin;r at the foot of the Caucasus am
iiivitiufj whole po|)ulatioiis to his jjij.i:anlic hunt-
in;;: parties, those images of the pleasures of
Tartary, Ispahan, occii|)icd liy the rear jj:uaril of
his army, arose at the drum .sound of a patriotic
blacksmith, who hoisted as a standard his lentli-
ern apron. At his voice tin? I'ersiaus massacred
'MWO Tartars, and delivered the city from their
o|>|)re.s.s()rs. — li.v.MAHTiNK's Tikkky, p. Hll.
ail a. INDUSTRY, Virtue by. Cornrtivr. It
was reported l)^' Hannibal that, in order to i)re-
serve his troops from the dangerous temptations
of idleness, he had obliged them to form larger
plantations of oli\-e trees along the coast of
Africa. From a similar princii)le, Pr()l)us exer-
ci.sed his legions in covering with rich vinr'vards
the hills of (jtaul and I'annonia, and two consider-
able spots are described, which were entirely
(lug and planted by military labor. . . . One of
these . . . by conv<'rting into tilliigo ii large and
unheaithy tract of marshy ground .... An army
thus employed constittited ])erliapsthe mo:.t use-
fid a.s veil as the bra\'est i)()rtioii of Roman
subjects. — Gmuo.Ns Komk, ch. 12, j). U.S.").
a8i:t. INEXPERIENCE, Mistakes from. Rr-
trcat. [y\t th(! beginning of the civil war the
Parliament's troops were defeated in a skirmish
at Worcester. A witness .says:] " The lieuten-
ant commanded us to wheel about ; l)ut our
gentlenuTi, not yet well understanding the dif-
ference between wheeling about and shifting for
themselves, their backs being toward the cnei..y
whom they now thought to be close in the rear,
retired to the army in a very dishonorable man-
ner." — Kmoiit's" Kno., vol. 4, ch. 1, p. 8.
•JMII. INEXPERIENCE, Presumption of.
I Yiiiilh. /Kinilius having joined Nasica, marched
ill good order against the Macedonians. Hut
when he saw the disposititai and number of
their forces he was uslonished, and stond still to
consider what was pro|)er to be done. Ilereiipoit
the young olllcers, eager for the engagement, and
particularly Nasica, Hushed with iiis success al
Siouiit Olympus, pres.sed up to liim, and begged
of him to' lead them forward without delay.
.Kmilias only smiled and said, " My friend, if I
was of your age I should certainly do so ; but
the many victories I have gained have made iiic
observe the errors of the vaiii|uished, and forl)id
me to give battle immediately after a inareli to
an army well drawn up, and every way pre-
pared. "—I'i.it.micm'w J'i.Mii.irs,
ilMIA. INEXPERIENCE removed. //// ljmi>.
" Vere you ever in a battle T asked the I'rincr
of Conde of the young Duke of (Jloucester, son
of Charles I., who had joined him as a volunteer
[to engage in the battle of " the I)f)wns," befont
l)unkirk|. The prince answered in the nega-
tive. " Well," returned Conde, irrijated by the
inca])acity and obstinacy of the Spaniards, "in
the course of half an hour you will see us los«»
one." I lis words were fully veritled ; the Slian-
ish army was totally overthrown, anil dis|)ersed
in all (lircctioiiH, — Stidknth' Fhanck, ch. ::.'(),
ai<tl({. INFAMY posthumous, Hidihui Emperor
('iii/niioili/M. I After his as.sassimition Ibe) mem-
ory of Commodiis was branded with eleiiial in-
famy. Th(! names of tyrant of gladiator, of
public enemy, resounded in every corner of tlie
house. Th('y decreed in tumultuous votes that
his honors sfioiild be reversed, his titles erased
from the public monuments, his statues thrown
(low n, his body dragged with a hook into tht)
stripi)iiig-room of tin; gladiators, to s.iiiale the
])ublic fury ; and they ex])re.sse(l some indigna-
tion against those ofllciouH servants who liad al-
ready presumed to screen his rem.'iins from the
justice of the Senate. — (JiitnoN's Ho.Mi:, ch. 1,
i). HH.
awir. INFAMY, Stain of. Frn,rht<,in,, hidi-
itim. The Americans \\cre suddenly assailed
by . . . 10(1.") Mritisli and Indians under com-
mand of (jrcner.il Proclor. A severe battle was
fought. . . . General Winchester h;i\'iiig been
taken by the enemy, .•uhised his forces to ca-
])itulate under a pledge of protect ion given by
Proctorand his subordinates. Assoon as ilie sur-
render was made the Uritish general went off at a
rai)id rate to return to Maliien. The American
wounded were left to the incrri/ of '/»' xnraf/ii*,
who at once began their work with tomahawk
and .scalping knife and torch. The two houses
into which most of the wounde<l had been crowd-
ed were tired, while the i)ainted barbariana stood
around them and hurled back into the flames
whoever attempted to escape. The rest of \\w
jirisoners wen^ dragged away, through untohl
sufTerings, to Detroit Tliis shameful cam-
paign has fixed on the name of Proctor the in-
delible .stain of infamy. — Uidpath's U. S., ch.
50, p. 400.
a«lS. INFANTS in Heaven. Sirrtlcnhoty. As
.soon as infants are raised from the dead, wiiich
takes i)lace immediately after decca.se. they are
carrieti up into heaven, and delivered to the care
iNFATiATioN— iNFinr:r,riY
'M6
of impels (»f llic fciimk' w-x, who in the life of
tht> luxty l')vcil infaiU.s IciuUHly, ami nl tin-
wiiiH' time loved God My tlicMc x<'"d iiiifrtis
they Hie ediieiiled mid l)idii|rhl up iiilil Ihiy iil
Iniii u Niiiliilile iige, when Ihey lire InuiHferied lo
other teiuhirs. They /^row up and lieeoine
youii^ men and women ; ari! iiiHtnieleil in wis-
dom and trained in (lie ihities of ti;e lieaveniy
iil'e ; and wiien tlieir ehaiaeler is fully (level
oped lliey hecome Hcttled in some society, either
of the celestial («r spiritual kingdom, la apree-
iiieiit with their inherited >r|i|iltis or disposition.
— Wiii'ik'm SwKDKMioiio, eh. lU, p. 115.
ilMlft. INFATUATION, DeitruoMve. .Wro.
Nero liecame deeply enamored of I'opiiii'a Sa-
hiiiii, the wife nf Ills friend Otlio, and one of tlii^
most cruel and cold blooded lnlrl>;iiers amid the
uhanihined society of Uoman matrons. Nero
was deeply smitten with her infantiU^ features,
tlio soft comple.xlon, which was preserved by
daily buthin^r in wartu asses' milk, her iiHsumetl
moilestY, her ffcnlal conversation and spritfhtly
wit. was ('Specially enclianled with her
soft, a.'iindant hair the envy of Uomiiii beauties,
for wlii(!ii lie invented tlu^ fantastic, md to Uo-
man writtTs the supremely ludicroiiH, epithet
of "amber tresses" 1 loin the day that he
first Haw PoppiiH a headlon;,^ deterioration is
tracedile in his character. She established a
complete inthieiu'o over him, and drove him by
her taunts and allureineiils to that crime which,
oven iimonj^ his many enormities, is the most
damning blot upon his < haractcr — tin; murder
of his mother. She li\cd in dally dread of
assassination, ller watchfiilne.ss evaded all al-
teiupt.s at poisoniiif?, and she was partly protect-
ed against tlicin by the current fiction that she
had fortified herself by the use of antidotes.
Plot.s to murder lier by the apparently aecidi nl
al fall of till! fretted roof in one of the chambers
of her villa were frustrated by the warninj^
which slie received from her spies. At last
Anic(!tus, a freeiliiian, admiral of lie fleet al
Misenuni, promised Nero to .secure her end in an
unsu.spicious manner by means of a shiii which
should suddenly fall to piecres in mid-sea. Nero
iuTited her to a baiujuet at Wnw, which was to
be the wiifn of their public reconciliation. De-
clining, however, to .sail in the pinnace which
liad Ih'cii surreptitiously fitted up for her use,
she was carried to her .son's villa in licr own lit-
ter. [The weighted canopy was made to fall,
but shcescaju'd] . . . Iiolts were withdri.wn, and
the ship fell to pieces, but she swam ashore,
and was soon afterward as.sassinatcd. — Farilvii's
Early Days, p. 25.
a§30. INFATUATION of Pride. Jomfs IT.
James was bent on ruining hinis( If, and every
attempt to .stop him only made him rush more
eagerly to lii.s doom. VVlien his throne was
secure, when his people were submissive, when
the most ob.Hcquious of Pnrliaineiits was eager
to anticipate all his reasoiiabli! wishes, wlieii
foreign kingdoms and coinmonwealtlis paid
emulous court to him, when it depended only
on himself whether he would be the arbiter of
(Christendom, he had .stooped to be the slave ami
the hireling of France. And now when, by a
series of crimes and follies, lie had succeeded in
alienating liis neiglibors, his subjects, his sol-
diers, his sailors, hischiklren, and bad left hiin-
H4'lf no refuge but the protection of FratKf, he
was taken willi a tit of pride, and determiniHj
lo assert his independence. That help whUh,
when he did iinl want it, he iiad accepted with
IgiioininioiiH tears, he nou , when it was indlN-
iiensable to him, threw eontemptiiously away.
I (living been abject when he might, with |>ro-
prictv, have been punctilious in niaintain'ing hU
dignity, he became iingralefully haughty at a
moment when haughtiness must bring on liim at
once derision and ruin, lie resented the friendly
intervention which iniglit have saved lilm. Wiih
e\er king so used '/ VVas he a child, or an Idiot,
that otiiers must think for liiin ':' — Macahi-ay'k
Hni. , ch. », p. 41(1.
!i)»4 1. INFECTION feared. I'<xtti,l,l. On the
east was a field not to be passed withiait a shud-
der by any Londoner of that age. There, as in
a phici; far from the haunts of men. had been
ling, twenty years before, when the great plague
was raging, a |iit into which the dead-carts had
nightly shot corpses liy scores. It was popularly
believed that the earth was deeply tainted witli
infection, and could not be disiiirbed without
imminent risk to human life. No foundation.^
wer( laid there till two generations had passed
without any return of the pestilence, and till tlur
ghastly s])ot had long been surrounded with
buildings. — Macaui.ay'h K.no., ch. iJ, p. -V-M.
I ilf«il*i. INFEBENCE, Mistake! of. A/r.ramfer.
One fact recorded by Sirabo iilTordsa very strik-
ing proof of the great ignorance of the ancients
with respect to the sitiiiition even of those king-
doms with which they had intercourse. When
.Mexander the (Jreat marched along the hiiiiks
of the Hydaspes and Acesina, two rivers wliidi
fall into "the Indus, lie observed that there were
many crocodiles in those rivers, iiiid that the
country produced beans of the same species
with tliose which were common in Hgypt. l^'roin
these circumstances he concluded that he hud
discovered the .source of Uw Nile, and preimrcd
a fieet lo .sail down the Ilvdiispes into Egypt.
— Tyt„kr's1Iist., Hook fi,'ch. 17, p. 250.
2M23. INFIDELITY, Dishonest. Snmid.Mn-
son. 1 told him that a foreign friend of his,
whom I had met with aia-oad, was so wretchedly
lierverted to infidelity that he treated the hopes
of immortality witli lirutal levity, and .said. " As
man dies like a dog, let him live like a dog."
.JoiiNHON : " ff he (lies Wkr a dog, let him lie
like a dog." I added that this man said to me,
" [ hate mankind, for I think myself one of the
best of them, and I know how bad lam." .loiiN-
soN : "Sir, he must be very singular in his
opinion if he thinks himself one of the be-i of
men, for none of bis friends think him so."
lie said, " No lionesi man could be a Deist, for
no man could be so after a fair c.xamination of
the jiroofs of Christianity." I named Hume.
.Johnson : " No, .sir ; Ilumc owned to a clergy-
man in the bisho])ric of Durham that hi; had
never read the New Testament with attention."
— BOSWKLI.'S .loIINSON, p. 141.
2§i21. INFIDELITY, Escape from. Brnjinnin
Franklin. The .son of a rigid Calvinist, the
grandson of a tolerant Quaker, . . . sceptical
of tradition as the basis of faith, he respected
reason rather than authority, and after a mo-
mentary lapse into fatalism, escaping from the
mazes of fixed decrees and free will, lie gained
i'S^gi^(»«**'*~-'
VM
IM'll)KMTY-INKini:i,S.
wllli irirrciiMlriK vciirN iin liici'fii-iiiK Iriisl in the
ovcri'uliiiK prttviilcrKi- of Ood. Aillii'iiii^; In
iioiif " oi' nil llic |-i'll);i<)ii>t" iiMlif roliiiiicN, lie
yet (Icvoiilly, tlii)ii>(ti willioiit ftiriii, uiIIiitimI
Id icIIkI"" — Hani lioKTM U. 8., vol. !J, «'h, an.
'iM'JA. IirriDELITT, Ltadar in. Vo/hiiir, In
III! iijfi' (if HC{'pli(i--ni lie wiiN till' prince (if Hcttf-
fcrs : wlii'ii pliiliisdpliy lidvcn^i inund MuldoiiM,
lie «'X('<'ll('(i In ri'tlcctinK Hie Itrilliiinlly li( cntidnN
iniini (if III!' inlclliifcnl iirishici'iicy. His ^rcitl
wdt'lis were wi'iiicn in ri'lircincnl, ImiI lie wmn
liiinxcif III)' xpdiliMJ cliild df siM'icly. lie Munnoi
liiiiisi'jf in JN li^riit, iind (iii//.i('(| if liy cdnccnlnil
iri^r lis riiyH, lie wiih IIh iddl, iiml cdnrlcd ils
iddliilry, . . . Tlic cdinplaccnt (•iiirlicr (if miv
crcii^ns and ministers, liecduld even sliiiid iind
Willi for smiles III Ihe Idllel of I lie Kreiiell kind's
mlHlresM, or pidstnile himself In liallery hefdic
(lie Sennramit of ilie norlli ; willing Id'slini his
eyes on llie Horniws of the masses, If the jfreal
Wdidd Itnl fuviir men df letters. ... lie praised
()edr;;e I. df i'ln^dand as a .sajre and a hero, wiei
rn led Ihe world liy his virtues ; . . . when the
i''reneli kin^tookii prostlinte for a nustress, . . .
extolled Ihe monarch's mistress as .-m adoralile
K^crla. — M,\N(i{oKT'rt I'.S., vol, Ti, ch. '-i.
ilNiie. INFIDELITY, Metaphyiioal. Ciuxil-
unit. Atheism is a fdlly df the metaiihyHi-
cian, not tlie folly of human nature, Of siiv~
ii^e life, ItopT Willlanm declared that h<* had
never found oik; native American who denied
Ihee.xulence of (iod ; in civilized life, when it
vva.s said of the court o' Krederick that the place
of kin^f's alheiHt was vacant, Ihe ullie was fell as
the most bitiiiK Harcasin. Infidelity trains the
victory when hIu; wrestles with hy| icrisy or
with superstition, lait never when its aniajfoiusi
is reason. — H.xnchokt'h l'. S., vol. 1, cli. 10.
aiNar. infidelity, Perll of. S,imiid,lohn-
mu. Hume and other sceptical iiniovators are
vain men, and will f^ralify themselves at any
exp(!nse. Truth will not iilTord suHicicnt food
to tlieir vainly, so they have hetaken them.selvcs
to error. Truth, sir, is a cow which will yield
such [leople no more milk, and .so IIk.'V are ^one
to milk the bull. If I could liave allowed iny-
solf topralify luy vanity at the cxinnse of truth,
what fame mi^ht 1 have ac(|uired ! Kverythinj^
which Hume has advanced aicainst Christianity
had passed throuirh my mind long hefon; lu;
wrote. Always rememher this, that after a .sys-
tem is well .settled upon positive evidenc'c, a few
partial olnections ought not to shake it. The
human mind is .so limited that it cannot take
in all the parts of a subject, so I hat there may
be objections raiscid against anything. There
an; objections against a plenum, and objections
against a niriniiii ; yet one of them nuist cer-
tainly 1)(! true. — BoswKM.'s Johnhon, p. 123.
a§2!l. INFIDELITY, Secret of. SnmudJohn-
■:on. [To (teneral Paoli. | The general asked
him what lu; thought of tli(( Hi)irit of inddelity
whi(;li was .so ]irevalent. Johnson: "Sir, this
gloom of infidelity, I hope, is only a transient
cloud pa.ssing through tin! bcniisplien;, which
will soon b(! (ii.ssipated, and the sun break forth
with his usual splendor." " Vou think, then,"
said the general, " that they will change their
in'inciple.s like their clothes. " J()iiN8f>N : "Why,
sir, if they bestow no more tliought on ])rinci-
pl<.;a than ou dress, it must be so." The general
said that a great |iM't of the fa-sliidnable In-
lldellty was owing to a desire of Hhowing cour-
age. Men who have no opiidrlunltleN of Hhow-
ing It as to ihlngH In this life, take death and
futurity UN obJcctH on which lo display it.
.loiiNHON : "That In mighty fddllsh idTectiitlon,
Fear Is one of the iiaMslons of human nature, of
which it is Inipdssilile Id divest it. N'ou reinein-
lier that tile Ijnpei'oi- Charles V., when he read
ujidM tin; tdinlistdiie df a iHpanisli nobleman,
' llere lies one who never knew fear,' witlllv
said, 'Then he never snulTed a candle with his
lingers.' '—HoHWi;i. I, 'm .loiiNHoN, p l(i;i.
•iMJO. INFIDELITY and the State. Iiiiiii,><,»
III l''nniii . Thus scipticisni proceeded uncoil
s( Idusly in the work of destructidn, Invalldalini;
the past, yet iinalile In (onslruct the future,
for good government is not the creation of seep-
lleisni. Fler garments arc red with blood, and
ruins lu'e her dellglil ; her despair may slim
iilate to Vdliiptuousness and revenu;e ; she nev(>r
kindled witli the disinterested love (if man. —
H.VN( iKih r's V . S,, vol. .T, ch. 'i.
'JM.'IO. INFIDELITY, Weakneia of. .\,ii>ol>»n I.
X whole generation had grown ii|) In France
without any knowleilg(; of Chrisiianily. Cor-
ruption was univeisiil. A new seel sprang up,
Theophilanlhropisis, who gleaned as Ihe baslsof
their syslein some of llie moral precepts of the
gospel, di vest cd of I lies) d ill me sanctions of Chris
tiunily. I Napoleon said of them :| . . . "They
eaiiaccoiniilish nothing; . . . Ihe,\ are mere act-
ors. . . . 'Ihe gospel alone has cxhiliiled a colli-
plele assemblage of Ihe principles nf morality
divested of all absurdity. . . . Do you wish to
see Unit which is really sublime ? Repeat Ihe
Lord's Prayer. .Such enthusiasts an; only to be
encountered by Ihe weapons of ridicule. ' — Aii-
llOT'l's N AI'OI.KON H., vol. I,ch. J).
awSll. INFIDELS, Treatment of. S,n,iiid,Min-
noii. Dr. Adams had distiniruished him.self bjr
an alile answer to David Hume's " K.ssay on
Miracles." He told ine he had once dined in coin
pany witli Hume; in London ; that IIuiih; shook
hands v i him, and said, " You have treated
iiK? iiiuc.. i»etter than I deserve ;" and that thej
exchanged visits. 1 took the liberty to object to
treating an infidel writer witli smooth civility.
Where there is a conlroversy concerning a |)as-
sage in a classic author, or concerning a (lueslion
in anti(piities, or any other subject in which hu-
man hapiiincss is not deeply interestctd, a man
may treat hisantagoni.st with jioliteness ami even
resjiect ; but where Ihe controversy is concerning
Ihe truth of religion, it is of such vast imporlancu
to him who mainlains it to obtain the victory,
that the j)er.son of an oi)])onent ought not to l)e
spared. If a man firmly believes that religion
is an invaluable treasure, he will consider a wri-
ter wiio endeavors to deprive mankind of it as a
rob/ji-r ; he will look upon him as w//«//«, though
tiie infidel miglit think liimself in the right
An abandoned |)i'ofligale may think that it is not
wrong to debauch my wife ; but shall I, there-
fore, not detest him V and if I catcli him in mak-
ing an attempt, shall I treat him with politeness ?
No, I will kick him downstairs, or run him
through the body — tliat is, if 1 really love my
wife, or have a true rati<inal notion of honor.
An infidel, llien, sliall not be treated hand.soim'-
ly by u ciiri-stiuu merely because he endeavom
INKI.IKNCE.
n;j7
to riili Willi liiK<'iiiiily.- Mohwki.i.'m Juiinhon,
p. 277.
•JMSM. IKFLUEKOE, Ptrional. }f <i </ 1, ,1 imo,
|( 'hiirli'-< Kilwanl, ^ruriilsnii nf .liirnrs II., ciitcri'il
HciiIIiukI III clHitii llM rrnwn mm IiIm li'vrltiniuli' in
lirriliiiici'. llt'Nciit Ik yuiiiiu lil^lilitiKlir l<> nillv
III! Hit' i-likiix. Ciiiiirriiti iif Locliirl wun ijiinliiriil.
lie WiiM l<ilil:| "If llils iirilicc iilicr ncIh iiis
rycM n|iiiti yiiii liti will iniilii' you ilo wliiitrvi'i
III- |)|i'iiMi'H. "' Till' riMiiit viiilli'd the rfiiiitrk. —
Kniuiit'm Ksii., vol. n, rli. H, p. \'i'.\.
ilN:|:i. . \iiiK>h„i, I. Iniri'ilitilciis
it iiiiiy iip|ii'iir, NiipDJiMin, wliili' IIiiim (li'llironini;
tlii'iii |ilii' NoiiM iiF (liiti'li's I v., KiiiKof Spain,
iiiiil ('oniprlliii)r llirin to luri'pt a rrMiilcnci- in r\
ilcunil incoiiif froni liiiiiHijf I, piincij hui.Ii anas
ci'nili'iirv ovcrllii-ir initiilM, llial tlii-y iM-catiir his
warm mliiiii'i'rHiinii fririiilM. 'riiiy rxiiltril in IiIm
Miirci'HMivii victorii'H, anil ci'lciirati'il tlirin willi
illiiiiiliiitlioiiH anil lionllri'H. Notliiri>; in Niitio
li'iiiiM wlioli- cari'i-r inori' Ntrikini^ly lliiiii litis
I'xIiiliilM Ills I'Xtraorilinary powiTs. — Aiiiiicn'M
N.\i'iii,i':<(N H. , vol. 2, I'll. I.
il*t'l4. . SiiikiIcoii'h Aititi. Miiriit
WHS U) Napoli'on u boily nT ten tliiinsanil liorMr-
iiicii, I'vcr rraily for a rrsiHtlrHs rliarK<' ; Fjiiiiich
wiiHuplmlaiix of infantry, liriHtlinir with liavonrls
which iicilhrr artillrry nor ra\alry confil liat
trr iliiwn ; Aii^rrrati wun an arini'il coliiinn, iii-
vincililc, hiack, iIi-iimi', inasMy, iin|)i'tuouM, rrsiHt-
liHM, iiiovini^ witli jiipmlir tirad wIicicvit thi-
fiiigiT of till- (•oiiiiuiTor poinliil. These were linl
theineinhersof NapoleoHH lioiiy — the liinlisolte
(liciit to the mijrhty soul that .swayeil Miein. —
Aiuuitt'h Nai'oi.kon M., vol. I, eh. 14.
UnnH. . \V,{li<n,i nil. a iirivale
man ill Kn^Hunil, in riidille life, with no fortune,
with IK) party, with no siroiij; faniilyi'iinneeiiDnN,
liavin^ few votes uniler his sway in the House
of Coiniiions, ami perhaps not one in the House
of Ijorils — II feelile viiletuiliimriiin, shunninj;
pieasun! and soeiety, liiiujjhty and retired, and
lialf his litiie disidiled by the a>;onies of heredi-
tary >fout, was now the hojie of the Knjrlisli
world (when the Whij; aristoiraey had failed to
conipier ('aiia(la|.— Hanchokt'h U. S., vol. 4,
eh. 11.
tlM!IO. . (teorf/e Wiinliinfitou. So
powerful were the President's views in deter-
mining tlu; actions of the people, that .letTersoii,
writing to Monroe at Paris, said : " (Joiifiress
lias adjourned. You will see by their proceed-
ing's tlu^ truth of what I always told you — ,
namely, that one man outwei^dis them all in :
intlueneg over the people, wlio support his
.judf^ment iifiainst their own and that of their
re])res(!ntatives. Repul)licanism resigns the j
ves.sel to its pilot." — Kidi'.vtu'h U. S., eh. 4U,
p. :J71. I
awar. . Julius dmir. [U\n sol- i
diers had been styled " lirothcrs in iirins." In ;
consequence of mutinous conduct he called
tliem " (juirites" — plain citizens.] The familiar j
word was now no lon.ircr heard from him. " You i
say well, ipiirites," he answered; "you have'
labored hard, and you have suffered much ;
you desire; yiour discliarj^e — you have it. 1 dis-
charge you who are present. I discharge all
who liave served their time. You shall have
your recompense. It shall never be said of me
tlial I tniiile use of you w hen I was in daiiger, iiiid
was ungrateful to you when (he p< rll wiim pust."
" (juirili'H " he hail culled tliein ; no longer Ito
iiiiiii legiiiiiarii'H, pnuid of their uehievemeiilN,
and glorying in Ihclr great commander, but
' ipilriles "— iilain ciii/.cns The sight of ('n'stir,
the familiar form and voice, the • .irds, every
seiitenre of which they kiiew that he meant,
cut them to Ihe heart. They were humbled,
they begged to be forgiven. They said Ihi'V
would go with him to Africa, or to Ihe worlilH
end lie dill mil at once accept Ihiir peiiilencu.
— Fmii iiKK C.KHMi, I'll. '^4.
•JMiiM. INFLUENCE, Poithumout. I'<>„i,l,in-
tiiii\ If ( 'oiiNtiinline reckoned among the favors
of fortune the death of his eldest son, of his
nephew, and perhaps of his wife, he enjoyed an
uninlerriipled How of private as well as iiublic
felicilv till the thirliclli year of his reign— u
period which none of his iircdeeessors, since
Augustus, had been permitted to celebrate
Constanlinc survived that solemn fcsliviil aliout
ten months; and at Ihe mature age of sixly four,
after a shorl illness, he ended his memoralilc
life ... in Ihesuburbsof Nicomedia, whither he
i.ail retired for the bcnetit of the air, and with
the hope of recruiting his exhausted strength by
the use of the warm batliH. The excessive ilcm-
onslralions of grief, or at least of mourning,
surpassed whntever had been practised on iiiiy
former occasion. NolwitbHtanding Ihe claims
of Ihe Senalc and people of ancient Koine, tlin
corpse of the deceased emperor, according to
his last request, wum Iraiisporled to the city
which was destined to preserve the i:ame and
memory of its founder. The bodv of ('onstaii-
line, adorned with Ihe vain symliols of greiit-
iicss — Ihe purple and diadem— was deposited on
a golden bed in one of the apartments of the
palace, which for that purpose had been s|ilen-
diilly furnished and illuminated. The forms of
the court were strictly maintained. Kvery day,
at the appointed hours, the principal oMIcers of
Ihe state, Ihe army, and the household, a|)-
proaeliing Ihe jierson of their Hovereign with
bended knees and ii com|iose(l countenance,
offered their respectful homage as .seriously as
if he had been still alive. From motives of
policy this Ihealricul reprcsenlation was for
soiiu! tiiiH^ continued ; nor could llaltery neglect
the op|)orlunity of remarking that (^onstaiitiiu!
alone, by the peculiar indulgence of Heaven,
had reigned after his deiilh. — Omuion's Uomk,
ch. IH, I). 17;).
ilM:t9. . Ndimlfiii, f. (Napoleon
hud requested that after his dealli his body
should be buried in France. It was denied. |
The aristocrats of Kurope feared Napoleon even
in his grave. The governor could not consent,
nolwithstanding the most affecting supplications
on tile jiart of Madame Bertrand, to allow even
the stomach and heart to be removed. — Aiuiott's
N.M'oi.KON !{., vol. 2, ch, i{4.
2S40. . Nouredditi. Some yciirs
aftiT the sultan's death an oi)prcs.sed subject
called aloud in Ihe streets of Damascus, " ()
Noureddin, Nourcddin, where art thou now '/
Arise, arise, to pity and protect us ! " A tumult
was aiiprehended, and n, living tyrant blushed
or trembled at the iiiime of a departed luouarph.
— Gihhon's Komk, ch. 59, p. 17.
.138
INFLUENCE-INGKNL ITV
aS.ll.INFLUENCEsac^ifloed. .liniu'n n. |Hnv
111 proj^rcss throuj^li Kiinland. | On tli(^ mud
till! royiii train was joini'd by two courlicrs
who in temper and <)i)iiii()nH dilTered widely from
eucli otiier. [ William | Penn was at Chester
on a pastoral tour. I lis pojiularily and author
ity amoiif^' his hrethren had .ireatly declined
since he had hecomt a tool of the kint; and o!'
the Jesuits. Me was, however, most ;;raci())isly
received by .lanu's, who even condescended to
•JO to tli(! C^u;d<er meet inir, and to listen with
(Icccncy to ids friend's melodious elo(|uence.
Tyrcoiinel iiad ciossed the se,; from I)ul)lin to
jjive an account of his administration. — M.\-
CAii .\y's EN(i., ch. H, p. 272.
♦JS.I2. INFLUENCE, Strange. Ctthcrine S<-(1-
li'i/. [Mistress of .lames II. | Per.soiial chi.rms
she had none, with the exception of two brilliant
eyes, the lustre of which, to men of delicate
taste, .seemed tierce .and unfeminine. Her form
was lean, her coimlenance ha,ir,ij;ard. iJh.irles,
thoufjh he liked her conversation, lau^-hed at
her u,i,dine.ss, and said that the pries' must have
recommended her to his brother by wiy of ])en-
ance. . . . Catherine herself was astonished at
the violence of his passion. " It I'aimol l)e my
Ix^auty," sIk' .said, "for he; n\ust .see that I have
none ; and it cannot be my wit, for he has not
eiioujjh to know that I have any." — ^Ma( aii,.\y's
En<i., eh. f), p. (W.
2SI3. INFORMATION, Importance ot ninrh-
Iliiirk. The troops of (Jeneral Atkinson . . .
waged a vigorous campaign against the Indians,
. . . and made Black Hawk a prisoner. The
' 'iptive chieftain was taken to VVashington and
the great cities of the east, win re his understand-
ing was op(.>ned as to the powc )f the nation
Hgt.inst wli"cli he had been fo(Mish enough to
lift his hatche*. Returning to his own people,
ne advised tl.jm that resistance was hopeless.
The warriors then .abandoned tht? dis])uted lii:ids,
and retired into Iowa. — Ridpatii's L. S., ch.
44, I). 480.
28 1 1. INFORMi: .ION, Pleasing. AhmJmm
Tdnrohi. When the tekgram from (hnnbvrland
Gap reached Mr. Lincoln that "firing was
heard in the direction of Kno.wille," he remark-
ed that ho was "glad of it." Some person jires-
ent . . . could not .see vhy. ..." Why, you
.see," res])()nded the President, " it reminds me
of Mistress Sallie Ward, ;i neiglibor of mine,
who had a very large family. Occasionally one
of her mimerous i)rogeny would be heard crying
in some oiit-of-the way ])lace, upon which .Mrs.
Ward would e.xclaim, ' There's one of my chil-
(iren that isi;'t dead !' "—Raymond's Lincoln,
28-15. INFORMERS rejected. Ri>}iM\t Eiiipv-
ror Vcupunidn. \'(!sp!usian wus among those few
])rinces whose ''liaracter has changed for the
belter on their arrival at enii)ire. Augustus,
from ii, vicious and cruel man, became, if not a
virtuo.is, ill many irspcct.''. an admirable, prince,
Vespas^m had ingralii'.ted him.self !)y the most
servile llaMery with Caligula and Claudius, and
raised himself by degrees from the meanest sta-
tion to rank and distinction. His ciiiinicter
before he ciunt; to the empire was at the best
an equivc^cal one , but no sooner did he mount
the throne than all tli.'se .suspicions were at once
showu to be unfounded. He irave u general
I ])ardon to all who had been found in arms
i against him. He allowed ever}- citizen, pro-
vided he spoke only of his own grievaiKH-s, to
have free access to his i)er.son, but dcu-lared war
against that ilc? racct of pensioned informers
winch had m\.. 'plied so exceedingly during the
preceding reign.--TYTi,Kii's Hist., Book 5, ch.
1, p. 4i)l.
2§.|«. INGENUITY vs. Difficulties. A uuiiMkh.
rTransp(,:-iing E;ryplian obelisks to Rome.]
riio.se inimeii.se ma.ss«'s, consisting of oiU! entire
block of granite, were hewn in the (piarries of
l'l)|>er Egypt, whence they were conveyed bv
water to the ])lace where they were to be erectecf.
Thecontrivaiice f( a- transporting them is describ-
ed by Pliny, ami is e(pially simple and ingenious.
The Nile runs near to the base of those iiioun-
laiiis where! the ipiarrics are situated. A canal
was cut from the river to the spot where the
obelisk lay, and made to pass under it, .so as to
leave the stone .■iup])orted by its two extremities
resting on either bank oi' the canal. Two broad
boat.s were then loaded with a great weight of
stones, .so as to sink iliem so deep in the water
as to allow them to pass freely under the obe-
lisk ; when immediately ur.der it. the htones
were thrown out ; the boats, of consecpience
[rai.sed and lifted the obelisks]. — Tytleu's
lIisT., Book 1, ch. 4. ]). ;«).
28'!r. INGENUITY, Practical. nn,j. Frank-
lin. When the scientitic world began to inves-
tigate the wonders of clecLricity, Franklin e.\-
ci'lk'd all observers. ... In the summer of 1752,
going out into the fields, with no instrument
but a kite, no companion but his son, lie es-
tablis'ied his theory by obtaining a line of con-
nection with a thunder-cloud. Nor did he cea.se
until he had made the lightning a household
liastime, taught Ids family to catch the subtile
fluid in its inconceivably rapid leaps between
the earth and the sky, and (;ompelled it to give
warning of its passage by the harmle.-.s ringing
of bells.- Banckokt's U. S., vol. 3, ch. 28.
284§. INGENUITY of Savages. Hatchets.
Tlie North American Indians, having no iron,
u.se stone hatchets in cutting down tlie largest
trees. They found, says Charlevoi.x, in his " Trav-
els in Canada," a very hard and tough species
of flint, which by great labor they sharpened
for the head of the instrument. The di(li(;ulty
lay in fastening it to the handle. They cut ou
the to)) of u young tree, and making a transverse
slit, insert the stone into the opening. The part.s
of the tree growing together close so tirnily upon
tlu! stone that it is impossible to move it. Then
they cut the tree of such length as they judge
suliicient for the handle. — Tyti.kk's Hist. , Book
7, ch. 3, p. 81.
2849. INGENUITY, Success by. Cohnnhm. On
the 18tli of Septenilier, . . . .ibout two hundred
leagues from the island of Eerro, Columbus for
the first time notic'ed the variation of the needle,
a phenomenon which had never before lieen re-
marked. He perceived about nightfall that the
needle, instea.d of ]i()inting to the north star,
varied about half a iioint, or between five and
si.x degrees, to the north-west, and still more on
the following morning. . , . The variation in-
creased as he advanced. [Il was feared the}' were
entering another world, and the compass would
lose its virtues,] Columbus tasketl his science
INGRATE— INGRATITUDK.
3;)9
and iiififiiuity for rcasonH with whicli to iillay
tliL'ir terror. He oh.servfd that tlie direction of
the jieedie was not to tiie polar star, hut to some
Hxed Mild invisible jxjint. The variation, there-
fore, was nil! caused hy any fallacy in the com-
pass, hut liy the iii()vei!>enl of the north star it-
self, which, like the other heavenly hodies, had
its chanjrcs and revolutions, and every day de-
sorihed a circle round llu^ pole. The hi^h opin-
ion whii'h the pilots entertained of Cohiinhiis its
a profound astrononier pive weii,dit to this
theory, and their alarm subsided. — Ikvi.no's
Goi.ilsMiTii, Hook ;{, ch. 2.
2S50. INGRATE, Cowardly. Rcif/ii of J„n„n
fl. (.laiiics IJurlon had I'ccn eiiirai,^'d in the
Itye House Plot, hut cs'':iped hy the aid of an
\\\Hn\ Christian named Eli/.iilieth (lauiit. He jiad
reludled under the Duke.of .Monmouth, and tied
to the home of a ])oor barber niiined John
Fernley. | He knew tliiit a reward of tlOO had
been olfered liy the Kovernmenl for th(! appre-
hension of Miirton ; but the honest man was in-
capable 1)1 betraying one wlio, in extreme p( "il,
had come under tlu; shadow of his roof. The an-
yer of .lames was more strongly excited aijainst
those who liarbored rebels than against the rebc'ls
tlu'inselves. He liad publicly declared that, of
all forms of treason, the hidiiiic of traitors from
his venjicaiice was tlaunost unpardonable. Hiir-
ton knew this. He delivered himself up to tin-
^•oxcrnmeiit, and he f^ave information airainst
Fernley and Elizabeth Gaunt. They were
hrou,i,^ht U) triid. Tlie villain who.se life they
had preserved hail tlu' heart, and the forehead to
ap|>ear as tlie princijial witness airainsl them.
'I'hey were convicted. Fernley was sentenced
to the iratlows, Elizabeth Gaunt to the stake. —
JM.\i"ai:l.\v's Enci., ch. 5, p. G15.
2§5 1. INGRATITUDE, Base. liichelii-u. Louis
XIII. owed all his success for eighteen years to
the wonderful genius of Richelieu ; when that
most noted statesman of his day died, his cold-
hearted remark was simply this, " Tliere is a
great politician gone !" — Stuuexts' Fiiance,
ch. 19, t;i7.
2§5!2. . BriitMH. What Brutus is
chietl}' blamed for was liis ingratitude to (,'a'sar.
He owed his life to his favor, as well as the lives
of tho.se prisoners for whom he interceded. He
was treated as h'« friend, and distinguished with
p.'irticular marks of lionor ; and y(!t lie imbrued
ids hands in the blood of his benefactor. — Pi,i-
TAUCii's Buiyri's.
2§53. INGRATITUDE, Filial. Sons of lien n/
TI. Prin(;e Henry [eigiiteen years old], at the
instigation, it is believed, of his father-in-law
[Louis of France], set uj) a pretension to divide
the royal power with bis fatlier, and demanded
that tin; king should resign to liini eitlier Eng-
land or Normandy. In the same spirit Richard,
the boy of lifteen, claimed Aiiuitaine, becau.se lie
had performed homage to Louis for that duchy ;
and the other boy of fourteen, Geotfrey, claimed
the imniediat(! possession of Brittany. The re-
bellious sons tied from tlu^ court of their father
to the French king, and their mother .soon fol-
lowed. — IvNKJirr's Eno., vol. 1, ch. 21, p. 2!»9.
aSS'l. INGRATITUDE, Official. Janux IL
[The Roman ( alholic king sought to overthrow
the Auirlicau Church bv illegal and violent
means. I There was no prebendary, no rector,
no vicar whose mind was not haunted by the
thoughls that, however (|uiel his temper, how-
ever obscure his situation, lie might, in a few.
months, he driven from his dwelling liy an arbi-
trary edict, to beg in a ragged cii.ssock with his
wile and children, while his freehold, secured to
him by laws of immemorial anti(|uily and by
the royal word, was occupied iiy some apostate.
This, llieii, wastlu' reward of that heroic loyalty
never once found wanting through the vicissi-
tudes of fifty tempestuous years. It was for
this that th(( clergy had endured spoliation and
IH-rsecution in the caii.se of Charles L It was
for this that tiiey liadsii]iported Charles II. in his
hard contest wifli the Whig oi)posilion. It was
for this that they had stood in the front of the
battle against tlio.se who .sought to despoil .lames
of his birthright. To their fidelity alone their
o])l)ressor owed the power which he was now
employing to their ruin. — .Macai'lay's Eno.,
ch. 8, 'p. '281.
2S55. INGRATITUDE, Political, dm-uni Dr.
mocfdCj/. EpaminondMs and I'elopldas, on their
return to Thebes, were accused of ha\iiig retain-
ed their command four months beyond their
commissions while engaged in the Peloponncsian
expedition. This, on the specious ])retexl of a
strict regard to military duty, was adjudged to be
a cai)ital olTence, and the people wi'rc on the ])oiiit
of condemning to death those men who had not
only rescued their country from .servitude, but
rai.sed the Tlieban name to the highest pit(.'h of
glory. Epaminondas undertook to defend the
conduct of Peloi)idas by taking the whole blanu;
upon himself. '• I was," said he, " tlu; author of
those measures for which we stand here accu.sed.
I had indulged a hoi)e that the signal success
which, under our conduct, has attended th(\ Tlie-
ban arms would have entitled us to the grati-
tude and not to the censure of our country.
Well ! let jiosterit}', then, be informed of our
crimes and of our jiuiiishment ; let it \w. known
that Epaminondas led your troops into the heart
of Laconia, which no hostile ])ower till then had
ever jienetrated ; that his crime was that la;
abased the glory of Sparta, and brought her to
thebriiikof ruin ; that he mad(! Thebes the most
illustrious of the; Grecian States ; let it be in-
scribed on his tomb that death was the reward
which his country decreed for these; .services."
The Thebans were ashamed <)f their own con-
duct ; the judges dismi.s.se(l the charge, and tlu;
people atoned for their ingratitude hy the strong-
est expressions of jiraisc; and admiration. — Tyt-
i.Ku's Hist., Book 2, ch. 8, p. Ki.).
2§56. . Athenidhx. [When Theniis-
tocles, the distinguished Athenian general, was
young] his father, to dissuade him from accepting
any publi(; employment, showed him .some; old
galleys that lay ,vorii out and neglected on the sea-
shore, just !is the iiopulace neglect their leaders
when they have no furlh(;r service for them. —
PuTAKtll's TlIK.MISTOCI.KS.
2857. INGRATITUDE, Shameful. FniiiclH Ba-
con. I In KiOl, on the trial of the Earl of Essex
for rebellion, Francis Bacon was oiu' of the
(lueen's counsel enii)loyed against him.] He
was bound to Es.sex by n common obligations.
The generous earl had given him an estate, be-
cause he could not procure for him a lucrative
%
i
•MO
IXHEUITANCK— INHUMANITY.
)i|)|)i>iiitin(>tit,. Khscx liiul stru^^lcd a^ainsl tlic
ill-will of the ("I'cilM loiulvancc Bacon's I'ortiiUL's,
ill season and out of sciusoii. Yot iii)oii tli(' trial
Hacon said slronirc'r things a^^ainst liis friend
than were ur^^ed by his liitterest adversaries.
[He made tliesc^veresi eoiiiparisoiis, whieliawak-
Mied a jreiieral indignation. lie afterward wrote;
an " Apoloitv" of his coiidiict on this trial. J —
Knkhit's Kno., vol. I!, eh. 18. p. 2H!).
it85«. INHERITANCE, Household-goods, h'li;/-
linid. C'oinnion utensils were transmitted from
generation to ^reneratioii John IJaret, of
liury, in 14(1!{ l)e(|iieatlis to his niece ... "a
frreat earthen ])ot that was my mother's." Wives
had a life interest in "stiilT of household,"
which was heiiueathed to (h'sceiid, after the de-
cease of the wifi', article by article, to rel-
atives and fricMids. Tile riches so handed down
are such as pottle i)ot and a (piart ])ot, a pair of
tonj^sand a pair of bellows. Hoger Itokewoode
. . . becpieallis to his son Hobert . . . a bra.sspot,
two brass jiaiis, si.\ pewter dishes, four saucers,
and three platters of pewter, a feather bed, a
l)air of sheets, and a i^air of blankets. , . . Tlu!
delicieney of lioiisehold comfort is sulHcient-
ly shown by such minute (lescri]>tioiis of old
and mean chattels, of little value now, but then
estimated in proportion to their scarcity. —
Kmoiit's EN<i., vol. 2, eh. T, p. 120.
an&n. inhumanity, commercial. Cato. One
of his sayiiiu''s has exposed him to just censure —
"A master of a family should sell off his old
oxen, and all his cattle that are of a delicate
frame, all hissheep that are not hardy ; he should
sell his old wajjons, and his old implements ; /ic
Khoiild Hell Hiieh of liix Hltiirx iixiirc iddoadhi-
Jirm, and e very thiiiii else that is old and useless."
— Cyci.oi'kdfa of Hiod., \). 4'2'2.
aS<M>. INHUMANITY of Man. h'i,f/lM. Anrcn-
torn. (Jur Eiiiclisli ancestors were less humane
than their posterity. The discipline of work-
shops, of .seliools, of private families, though not
more efficient than at present, was infinitely
harsher. Ma.sters well born and bred wore in
the habit of beating their servants. Pedagogues
kiKiW no way of imiiarting knowledge but by
beating their pupils. Husbands of decent sta-
tion were not ashamed to beat their wives. The
unplacability of hostile factions was such as wo
can scarcely conceive. ^Vhigs were disiif)sed to
murmur because Strafford was suffered to di(!
without seeing his bowels burned before his face.
Tories reviled and insulted Iliissell as his coach
]ia.ssod from th(; Tower to the scaffold in Lin-
coln's Fields. As little mercy was shown by the
l>opulaco to sufferers of a humbler rank. If an
offender was ]nit into the pillory, it was well if
he escaped with life from the shower of brick-
bats and paving-stones. If he was tied to the
cart's tail, the crowd pressed round him, implor-
ing the hangman to give it the fellow well, and
make him howl. (Jentlemen arranged parties of
pleasure to Hridewell on court days for the ]iur-
pose of seeing the wretched women who beat
hemp there whipped. A man pressed to death
for refusing to jiload, a woman i.uiiM'd for coin-
ing, excited less sympathy than is now f(.'lt for a
galled horse or an over-driven ox. Fights, coin-
pared with which a boxing match is a retined and
humane spectacle, were among the favorite di-
versions of a largo jiart of the town. Multitudes
a.ssombled to see gWidiators hack each other to
pieces with deadly weapons, and shouted with
delight when one ()f the combatants lost a linger
or an eve. — M.\(aui,ay'h Ivno., eh. Il, p. ;}!)4.
tiM6l. . Sjuniidnlx. The conduct
of the Spaniards toward the inhabitants of these
new-discovered ''ountries, and the cruellies ex-
ercised by them under their first governors, fur-
nish a subject which it were to be wished, for
tlu! honor of humanity, could be forever veiled
in oblivion. Heligion and jiolicy were the pre-
texts for the most outrageous acts f)f inhumani-
ty. Avarice, which the more it is fed is still the
mon; insatiable, had suggested to some of these
rapacious governors that the inhabitants of the
New World had discovered to the Spaniards but
a verysnuill proportion of treasures, which were
inexliaustible. The missionaries encouraged the
idea, and insinuated, at IIh; same time, that the
most jiroper method of obtaining ;;n absolute
authority over these new subjects was to con-
vert them to the doctrines ot Christianity, for
which i)urpose the priests were to be fiirinshed
with every authority sufHciont for the extirjja-
tion of idolatry. The favorite; instruments of
conversion employed in the.se jiious piirjioses
were the rack and the scourge. While some, to
escape these mi.series, put an end to their life with
their own hand, others. Hying from their inliii-
ma:i per.secutors into tlu; woods, were there
hunted down with dogs, and torn to ])icees like
wild beasts. In a little time Ilisiianiola, which
contained three millions of inhabitants, and Cu-
ba, that had above six hundred thousand, were
ab.solutelv depopulated. — Tytlkk's Hist., Book
«, eh. 31," p. ;5(W.
2»«a. INHUMANITY, Professional. Jrffm/x.
As judge at the city .s- ;sions ho exhibited tlie
sapu; jiroiieiisities which afterward, in a higher
])ost, gained for him an unenviable immortality.
Already might be remarked in him tlu; most
odious vice which is incident to human nature —
a delight in misery merely' as misery. There
was a fiendish exultation in the way in which he
pronounced sentence on offenders. Their wee]i-
ing and ini])loring seemed to titillate hir i volup-
tuously, and he loved to scare them into fits, tiy
dilating with luxuriant amplification on all the
details of wliiit they were to suffer. Thus when
ho had an opi)ortunity of ordering an unlucky
adventuress to be whipped at the cart's tail,
" Hangman," he would exclaim, " I cliarg(;you
to pay particular attention to this lady. Scourge
her soundly, man ! Scourge her till the blood
runs down I It is Christmas — a cold time for
madam to strij) in ' See that you warm her
shoulders thoroughly I" — Mai'Ai:i,ay's EN(i., ch.
4, p. 41 K.
2§6». INHUMANITY, Revenge for. Jirif/n
of (VkiHcs II. The prisons were hells on earth,
seminaries of every crime and of every di.soase.
At the assizes the loan and yellow culprits
brought with them from their cells to the dock
an atmosphere of stench and pestilence which
.sf)metimes avenged them .signally on bench, bar,
and jury. Hut on all iliis misery society looked
with profound indif'rence. Nowhere could be
fouiKl that .sensitive and restlo.ss compa.s-^ion
which has, in our lime, extended a powerful
])rotection to tlu; factory child. — Macaulay's
En(i., ch. 3, p. 3<J5.
INITIATION— IN.irsTlC 10.
341
'J(«»«.|. INITIATION, Terrific. Itoman Kni-
pevor JiiUdii. lie olttaiiicd tlie privilcjjff of ii
.solciiiii initiation into i\\v iiiystcncs of Klciisis,
wlilch, amid thcfjiciu'ral decay of the Orccian wor-
siiip, still rctuiiiL'd some vcsliircsof their primeval
.sanctity ; and .such was tlie /.eal of .hdian. that
lie afterward invitt-d liie Kleiisinian pontitT to
tile court of (Jaid, for liie .sole purpose of con-
suniMiatiiiir, l)y mystic rites and sacrifices, the
great work of ids .sanctitication. As the.se cere-
monies wire performed in the (h'i)lh of cav-
erns, and in the silence of tlic idght, and as the
inviolahle secret of th(^ mysteries was preserved
hy the discrclinu of the initiated, I shall not i)re-
sunie to descrilx! th(! horrid .sounds and tiery
apparitions which were presented to the senses
or tlie imagination of the crechdous aspirant,
till the visions of condort and knowledge broke
upon him in a l)laze of ("elestial liglit. . . . From
that moment he consecrated his life to the .service
of th(! gods. — Giiiijon'h Jlo.MK, ch. 2;}, p. 418.
IMHa. INJUEIES, Forgetful of. JiiUhh (:<mir.
Domitiiis Ahcnoharhiis, believing that for him
at least there could be no forgivt^ness, tried to
esciipe, and was killed. The rest were i)ar-
doned. So ended the battle of Pharsalia. A hun-
dred and I'ighty .standards were taken atid ail
the eagles of Pom])t'y's legions. In I'onipey's
own tent was found his secret correspondence,
implicating persons, perhaps, whom ("lesar had
never suspected, revealing the mysteries of the
past three years. Curiosity and even prudence
might have tempted him to look into it. His
only wisl. was that the past should be forgotten ;
lie l)urnt the whole mass of |)apers unread. —
Fi«>ii)i<:'s C.Ks.xu, ch. 2'2.
2M6«. INJURIES, Redressing, Kiiinht.H. The
Gotluc kings had the higiiest pride in redressing
wrongs and grievances ; but in this honoral)le
employment the wrongs they conunitted were
often greater than those they redressed, and in
the vindication of the honor or fame of a nus-
tress a real and most atnxtious injury was fre-
quently committed in revenge for one purely
ideal. Their religion, too, was of that extraor-
dinary cast, that, though jirnfi'iKcdli/ supcirior
to all other duties, it always in reality acted a
I)art svibordinate to military fame and the honor
of tlu; ladies. It iscont'essed by one of theirgreat-
est encomiasts, M. i St. l*alaye, that their de-
votion ('onsisted cliictly in the nliservance of
.some external ceremonies, and tl ' the greatest
otl'ences might lie easily e\i)iated iv a j>enance
or a i)ilgriniag( which furiushed an agreeable
oi)portuiMlv for I'W adventures. — TvTLl'Ml's
IIiHT., Bo(ik t), ch. '), [). 1««J.
2§<(7. INJURIE. Reparation of . Laws. A.n.
600. [Hy lh(^ lawso '^thelbert, one of the early
IJritish kings,] it wa not held that (himages, to
use a familiar word ot explanation, were to l)e
])ai(l without resjiect of persons, but that a
bishop was to be ((iniijeii.sated elevenfold, and
u clerk threefold of (lie vid\i(! of any stolen prop-
erty. The amends, atonement, or indeniidfica-
tion was ca'ied " hot." The king's " bot" was
always Ihe largest, excejit in the case of the
bi.shop, who had twofold Ingher compensation
for theft than even tlie king. If a man slew
another in the king's " tiui " (dwelling with
lands api)ertaining), he was to jiay 50.'*.; if in
that of an " eorl" (jarl, noble), V2n. The slayer
-the olTender becaiiU!
En(i., vol. 1, ch. T),
The rude jii-
of the "hlufa'ta" (loaf-eater, domestic) ot a
" ceorl " (churl, freeman, not noble) was to
atone for Cm. The; mutilation of an "esne"
(slave) was to be coiniiensated to the owner at
the full worth of the slave. The penalties to
personal injuries to freemen are among lh(;
inost curious of these dooms. It was not "an
ey(! for an eye and a tooth for a tooth." but
tlie eye had a pecuniary value, and so had the
I tooth. The evil conseciuence of the intliction,
I and not the motive of the otTender, regulatcil
! the amount of the amends. Thus if the ear was
struck olf, the " hot" was I'is.; but " if the other
ear hear not, let the ' bnt ' be made with 2rw."
In all cases of default of jiayment the rciinedy
was prompt and elfective-
a penal slave. — K.NKiirr's
p. 70.
tISttS. . lioiiiaiis.
risprudence of the decemvirs had confounded all
hasty insidts, which did not amount to the fract-
ure of a limb, by condcinniiig the aggressor to
the common jjcnalty of twenty-five d.sKt'n, Hut
the .same denomination of money was (-educed,
in three centuries, from a poumi to the weight
of a half an ounce ; and the insoi<'nce of a
wealthy Roman indulged himself in the cheap
amusement of breaking and satisfying the law
of the twelve tables. Vcratius ran through the
streets striking on the face Ihe inoffensive pas-
.sengers, and his attendant lairse-bearer immedi-
ately silen( Cvl their clamors by the legal tender
of twenty-five pieces of coi)])er, about the value
of In. — Oihhon's Ko.Mi;, ch. 44, p. ;5T0.
2S69. INJURIES, Sensitiveness to. Voltaire.
His fame had raised him uj) enemies. liis .sen-
sibility gave them a formidable ad\antage over
him. They were, indeed, contemptible as.sail-
ants. Of all that they wrote against him, noth-
ing has survived except what he has him.self
l)reserved. But the constitution of his mind re-
sembled the constitution of those bodiesin which
the slightest scratith of bramble or the bite of a
gnat never fails to fester. — M.\c.\ulay's Fkko-
i':itiCK TiiK Gi{ic.\T, p. 58.
'i§rO. INJURY, Mutual. (%irl,'.<< I.— Rupert.
Prince Ru])ert has often been called the evil ge-
nius of Charles, but it would ])erhaps Ixi (luite
as true, if not more so, to designate (.'harles as
tlie evil genius of Rupert. There is, no doubt,
a not unnatural |)rejudice against tlu^ i)rince, as
a foreigner, commanding the royal army against
the arms of the Parliament and the peo{)le. —
Hood's Cito.MWKi, I,, ch. !), p. 128.
2171. INJUSTICE with Cruelty. C alii a a.
[After the battle of Marathon one] of the bar-
barians happening to meet [Callias, the torch-
bearer,] in a private place, and probably taking
him for a king, on account of his long hair and
tlie fillet which he wore, prostrated himself be-
fore him, .and taking him by the hand, showed
him a great ipiantity 'if gold that was hid in a
well. iJut Callias," not less t:ruel than unju.st,
took away the golil, and then killed the man
that had given him information of it, lest he
thing to others. — Pi.u-
sliould mention the
T.VUC'Il's AUISTIOIOS.
2172. INJUSTICE reproved. Puritaun. a.d.
10(17. The Mohawks committed ravages ncjir
Northampton on the Connecticul River, and the
\
i
m
M-^
LN.Il STICK— INQUISITION.
general court of MaKsuchiisclts luldrcsswl them
11 iottcr : " We never yet did any wron^ to you
or any of yours" — such was the iau^ua^'e of
the Puritan diplonuitists — " neither will w(! take
any from you, hut will rij^ht our people ac-
cording to justice." — Bancuokt'h U. S., vol. 2,
ch. 14.
asra. injustice, stigma of. Cirffo. Cice-
ro iinagiiu^d that the world looked upon him
as its saviour. In his own (^yes he was another
Honudus, a second founder of Home. The;
world, unfortunately, had formed an entirely
(lifTerent estimate or him. The prisoners had
been killed on tlu^ 5th of Deeemher. On tiie
last day of tluiyfNir it was usual for the out-go-
ing consuls to review the events of their term of
oflice before the Senate ; and Cicero had i)re-
pared a speecii in which he had gilded his own
performances with all his eiocjuence. M(!tellus
commenced his tribunate with forl)id(ling (Mce-
ro to deliver iiis oration, and forbidding him on
the special ground that a man who had put Ro-
man citizens to death without allowing them a
hearing did not himself deserves to be heard.
In the midst of the confusion and ujiroar which
followed Cicero could only shriek that he had
saved his country, a declaration which could
have been dispensed with, since he had .so often
Insisted upon it already without producing the
assent which he desired, — Fhoudk's C^sau,
ch. 12.
a§r4. INNOCENCE, False. "Bet Flint."
Poor Bet [a woman of the town] was taken up
on a charge of stealing a counterpane, and tried
at the OKI Hailey. Chief Justice , who loved
a wench, summed up favorably, and she was
accpiitted. After which Bet said, with a gay
and .satisfied air, "Now that the counternane
is v>y own. I shall make a petticoat of it." — hos-
WKM-'S JOHNSO.N, p. 4(51.
a§75. INNOVATION resented. Pcfcr the Grmt.
Meantime the aliscnce of tlu^ Czar had given
occasion to somi.' disturbances in the empire.
The spirit of iimovation wliich he had already
slK)wn, and the further fruits expected from
bis foreign travels, gave great disgust to a l)ar-
barous people wedded to their ancient man-
ners. The ambition of Sophia fomented these
dis(iuiets, and tlu' Strelitzes bad determined to
place that ])rincess upon the throne. At this
important juncturi' Peter returned to Russia ;
he found it necessary to make a most .severe ex-
ertion of his i)ower ; and he took that opportu-
nity of entirelyMinnihilating tlial dangerous body
of tlu; Strelitzes who by this revolt furnished
him with a just pretext. " Tliey had marcthed in
arms to Mo.scow. The regular troops of the
Czar, headed by Gordon and another foreign
ollicer, attacked and totally defeated them ; a
vast number was slain ; their leaders who were
taken prisoners were broken ujion th(! wlieel ;
two thousand were hanged ujjon the walls of
Moscow and on the side of the high roads, and
the rest banished with their wives and children
into the wilds of Siberia. Thus the whole of
this formidable body Wiis destroyed, and their
name abolished forever. The astonisluid Rus-
sians beheld this dreadful example with silent
terror, which paved the way for an easy sub-
mission to all those innovations which the Cziir
afterwards made in the constitution, police,
lawH, and customs of his empire. — Tvti.kk'b
Hist., Hook 6, ch. ;{5, p. 47«.
ilM76. INNS, Attractive. Kiit/lin,)/. In the
seventeenth (H'ntury England ai)ounde(l with ex-
cellent inns of every rank. The traveller .some-
times, in a small village, lighteil on a public
house such as Walton has descrihed, where the
bric:k floor was swept clean, where the walls wen?
stuck round with ballads, where liie sheets smelt
of lavender, and where a blazing tire, a cup of
good ale, and a dish of fronts fresh from llu*
neighboring brook were to be procured at small
charge. At the larger hons(w of entertaiimient
were to be found beds hung with silk, choic(!
cookery, and claret e(pial to the best which was
drunk In London. The innkee))ers too, it was
said, wei'(! not like other innkee])ers. On the
Continent the landlord was the tyrant of those;
who cros,se(l the threshold. In p]ngland he; was
a servant. Never was an Englishman nii)re at
home than when he took hisea.se in his iiui. . . .
The liix.'rty and jollity of inns long furni.xlicd
matter to our novelists and dramatists. Johnscm
declared that a tavern chair was the throne of
human felicity ; and Slienstone gently complain-
ed that no private roof, however friendly, gave
the wanderer so warm a welcome as that which
was to be found at an inn. — ^Iacail/Vv's En(;.,
ch. 3, p. !}.")9.
aS7r. INQUISITION, Abominable. In Spain.
A wise and vigorous though a .severe adminis-
tration characterized the beginning of the reign
ot Ferdinand and Isabella. Spain Wii>- ;it this
time in great di.sorder — the whole cf)untiy Avasa
prey to robbers and outlaws. Even the nobility
lived by depredation, and defendc'd tliem.selves
in their castles against every legal attempt to re-
strain their violence. The new nionarchs of Cas-
tile and Arriigon determined to repress these
enormities. The castles of the i)ir!iti<al nobles
were razed to the ground. The otlice of the
Santa Jlerniandad, or Holy Brotheriiood, was in-
stituted for tilt; detection and punishment of mur-
ders, thefts, and all atrocious crimes. Hut amid
the.s(! laudable cares, the abominalile tribunal of
the In(iuisiti()ii was furnished with such an ex-
tent of i)owers that, under the pretence of extir-
])ating liere.sy and impiety, the whole kingdom
ix'came a scene of blood and horror. The foi't-
unes and the lives of individuals wen; entirely
at tlu! mercy of the grand iiuiuisitor and his as-
.sociates. It was never allowed to a criminal to
be confronted with his accuser, nor even to be
informed of his crime ; the sole method of trial
was by exposing the unhapi)y wretcii to the most,
exti'enu' torturt^s, which either cndi^d his life in
agony or forced a conf(;ssion of his guilt, which
was ex[)iated by conunilting him to the tlame.s.
It is computed that after the a])pointment of
Torcjuemada, the iiKpiisitor-general of Spain,
there were six thousand ]iersons biu'nt in tin;
short space of four years. — Tvti.ku's Hist.,
BookO, ch.lT), p. !>18.
2SrS. INQUISITION, Romish. Fmux,'. With
a view to consolidate the eoniiuest, the Inquisi-
tion was formally established at Toulou.se by a
council held there in November, 12'2i), the office
of in(iui.sitors being intrusted to tlie order of the
Dominicans, or Friars Preachers. . . . Its pro-
ceedings took place in .secret ; no advocates were
permitted to plead, no witnesses were produced.
INSANITY-INSINCKIUTY.
343
The ()hj(!(t WHS to extort llic coiifcssioii of ciiiiic
tliroii^li tlic inortil ami pliysicul |)rostratioii of tlic
iiiiscnihlc vicliin ; and to tliiscml the iiiosi ini(|ui-
toiis and revolt iii.n' incaiH wecc eiiiploved with-
out scruple ; the most siiiitle trickery, the most
unl)hishiiiir deceit, the most ruthless torture. On
certain occasions, which soon liecame fre(|uenl,
the Holy Olllce puhlishcd its sentences aiul intlict-
ed ilspunishnients. Ol Ihe latterthere were three
dcfjrecH ; those who had made absolute suhmis-
sion, and were deemed the least criminal, were
adniitt(!(l to penances ; those who had not f;:iven
eompl(!to satisfaction (tla; most numiTous class)
were immured for lite in prison ; those who stuh-
hornly rcifused to confess, or who relapsed after
confession, werr; committed to the tlames. — Sti-
DioNTs' Fkanci:, eh. U, tj 2.
2879. INSANITY, Capacity with. (!,<,r!/r 11 f.
At the moment of passlnji the Stamp Act , (Jeorf,^!'
III. was cra/ed. . . . [lie had) tauij;ht the world
that ii hit of i)archment hearin^j IIk; si^^n of his
hand, scrawh'd in flie flickerinii lij^ht of clouded
reason, eoidd, under the British constitution, ilo
the full legislative otllee of tli(! Uinj^. Had he
heen a private man, his sijinature coidd have
driven validity to no commission whatever. —
Hanc'uokt's U. S., vol. T), eh. 11.
2§M0. INSANITY feared. Samuel .Miiinoi,.
To .lohnson, whose su])renie enjoyment was the
exercise of his reason, thedisturhancc^ or obscura-
tion of that facidty was the evil most to Ik; dread-
ed. In.sanity, therefore, was the object of his
most dismal apprehension ; and he fancied him-
self seized by it, or a])])roa(hin,i; to it, attlu? very
time when he was Kivin^' proofs of a niori! than
ordinary soundness ami vij^or of judgement. —
HosWHI.l/s .loll.NSON, ]). l:J.
'inni. INSANITY, Moral. CainhiixcH. [The
Persian monarch and son of Cyrus.] His con-
duct was such as to bear every mark of iu.saiiity.
In an inconsiderate (expedition aurainst the yEthi-
opians, \\{' thnjw away the greater part of his
army. Fifty thousaiul men, sent into tlKMleserts
of Ammon, |)erished throu,ij;h fatijj^ue and fam-
ine. With a deliberate puri)o.se of wantonly ex-
asi)eratin!>: th(! Egj'ptians, who were (lis])()sed to
the mostpeatu'ablesubmission, { "am byses ordered
the mauiiilicent temple of Thebes to be ])illagc(l
and burnt. At the celebration of the festival of
Apis, at .Mein|)his, he stabbed the sacred ox with
his poniard, ordered tli(i priests to bo .seouryed,
and massacred all the i)eople who assl.sted at
the sacritice. He ]iut to death his brother Smer-
(lis, because he dreamed that he saw him seated
on the throne ; and when his wife and sister,
Meroe, lamented the fate of her brother, he killed
her with a stroke of his foot. To prove his dex-
terity in archery, he pierced tlu; son of his favor-
ite Prexaspes thouu'h the heart with an arrow.
— Tytlkk's Hiht.; Mook 1, eh. 11, p. 116.
2882. INSANITY, Perils from. Sir Wilier
Scott. At Ihe a,i!;e of einhteen months the boy
had a teethinj:;'-fever, ending? in a life-long lame-
ness ; and this was the reason why the child was
sent to reside with his grandfather ... at Sandy-
Knowe, near the ruined tower of Smailholm,
celebrated afterward in his ballad of " The live
of St. John," in tlu^ neighborhood of some tine
crags. To these crags the housemaid sent from
Edinburgh to look after him used to carry him
uj), with a design (which s.ic confessed to the
housekeei)ers) — due, of course, to incipient in
saidly — of miu'dering the I'hild thereand burying
him in Ihe moss. Of course the maid was (lis-
nd.ssed. — Hitton's Likk ok Scott, eh. I.
288JI. INSANITY, Religious. WWiom ( o,r-
per. [His life had become an almost endless
round of devoliomd exercises, without recrea-
tion.] His mod(M>f life under [Hev. .lohn] New-
Ion was enough to account for Ihe return of his
di.sease, which in this .sense may be fairly lidd to
the chargeof religion. He again went nnid, fan-
cied, as before, that he was rejected of Heaven,
ceased to pray as one helplessly doomed, and
again att(>!npled suicide. Newton and Mrs. Un-
win at first treated I he disease as a (liaboli(;al visi-
tation, and " with deplorable consistency," to
borrow Ihe phrase used by oiieof their friends in
Ihe case of Cowper's desperate tdistinence from
prayer, abstained from calling in a i)hyBician. Of
this, again, their religion must bear Ihe reproach.
In other respects they behaved admirably. Mrs.
Unwiii, shul up for sixteen months with her un-
hapi)y partner, tended him with unfailing love ;
alone she did it, for he could bear no one else
about him ; though, to make her i)art more try-
ing, he had conceived the insane id"a that she
hated him. Seldom has a stronger jjroof been
given of the sust;iining jiower of alTection. —
SMITir'S ("OWI'KH, ( li, ii.
2884. INSANITY, Royal. O'eorf/e III. jlle
was incapacitated for Ihe duties of his jiositloM,
at various times, from insanity ; during the last
nine years of his life he was in a demented con-
dition.]— Knk hit's ENd.
2885. INSENSIBILITY to Suffering. Wmi<u;i
Piiiii. William IVim, for whom exhibitions
which humane^ men generally avoid secTU to have
had astrongaltraclion, hastened from Cheaiiside,
where he had seen Cornish hanged, to Tyburn,
in order to see Elizabeth Gaunt burned. He
afterward related that, when she calmly dis-
])ose(l the straw about her in such a maimer as
to shorten her sufferings, all the bystanders burst
into tears. [See more at No. 2H'i{).] — M.mai-
L.w's Eno., ell. r>, p. 610.
2886. INSINCERITY, Blemish of. Jiili>i.'< Or-
mir. So ended Cicero, a tragic combination of
magnificent talents, high aspirations, and true
desire to do right, with an infirmity of purpo.se
and a latent insincerity of character which neu-
tralized and could almost make us forget his no-
bler (lualities. ... In (.'icero nature half n!ud(e a
great man and left him uncom])teled. — Fnouoic's
C^:s.\R, eh. 27.
2887. INSINCERITY of Jesuits. DisHem-
hUnej. [When, in loHO, tlu; Jesuits invaded Eng-
land, they maintained that (iueen Elizabeth was
not only a heretic but also a usurper, and that the
pope had a right to (le])rive her of her crown. |
Gregory XIII. opcened the door for the evasion
of this cliarge by granting to Romanists permis-
sion to di.ssemble. under the color of an expla-
nation, "that the bull should be considered as
always in force against Elizabeth and the he-
retics, but should only be binding on Catholics
when due execution of it could be had" — that is,
that they should obey till they were strong
enough to throw off their allegiance. — Knight's
Eno., vol. 3, ch. VI, p. 180.
■I
.' ';!
( Ml
r !■■"
♦j44
INSOLKNCE— INSULT.
I ■(
i
ilMMM. INSOLENCE, Consummate. .liffiriiH.
Th(! rcii('i;ii(li' soon found a [mlroii in llic oIkIimuIc
and n!VcnL?cfiil .James, but was alwiiVH rc^^anlcd
witli scorn and disirust l)y ("liarlcs, wliosc t'anlts,
ijrciit MS llicy wiTc, liad no allinity with inso-
lence and cruelty. " Tiial man," said tliekin^,
"has no learnini;, no sense, no manners, and
more im|>uilence liian ten carted streetwalkers."
Work was to he done, liowever, which could be
trusted to no man who reverenced law or was
sensible of shame ; and thus JelTrevs, at an a^e
at which a barrister thinks himself' fortunate if
he is em|)loye(l to lead an important cause, was
made chief justice of the Kinj;'s Hench [by
.lames II. |. — Macaii.ay's IOmi., cli. 4, p. 420.
2MM0. INSOLENCE, EcclesiasticaL l'oi>e (hr//-
oi-ji \'ll. [Heinir deposed by the pope,] Henry
[1I.|, now reduced to extremity, was forced to
dc^precate the wrath of that power which he had
formerly ao much despised. Attended by a few
<lomestics, lie passed the Alps, and lindini;' the
l)ope at Cario.'-'a, he presented himself at his holi-
ness' jrale, without either j^uards or attendants,
'i'liis insolent man ordered him to be stripp(!(l of
his clothes, which wen; exchanj^ed for u liair-
<!lolh ; and after makin.i? him fast for three days,
coiidesc 'mkUmI to allow him to kiss his feet, where
he obtained ab.solution, on condition of awail-
ini^ and conformin;f liimself to the sentence of
the diet of Aui^sburii'. — Tyti,i;k"s Hist., Hook (5,
ch. 7, )). 12M.
2»»0. INSOLENCE, Official. JmiKxII. |See
more at No. 1H42. | On the day after his arri-
val the fellows of Mairdalen Collenc were or-
dered to attend him. [They had voted aijainst
his wislies for a Protestant President.] He ti'eated
them with an insolence such as had never been
shown to their predecessors bv the Puritan visit-
ors. " You have not dealt with me like gentle-
men," he exclaimed. " Vou have been unman-
nerly as well as undutiful." They fell on their
knees and tendered their petition. He would
not look at it. " Is this your (,'hurch of Eni^land
loyalty ? I could not have believed that so many
men of the (Jhureh of En^i^land would have beijn
concerned in this business, (io home. Get you
gone. I am knv^. I will be ob( yed, (Io to your
chapel this instant and admit tlu^ IJishop of Ox-
ford [the king'.s llomun ('atholic nominee for
Ijresicfent]. Let tho.se who refuse look to it.
They shall feel the whole weight i)f my hand.
They shall know what it is to incur the displeas-
ure of their sovereign." . . . [They retired to
their chapel, and] declared that in all" things law-
ful they were readj' to obey their king, but that
they would not violate their statutes and (heir
oaths, — M.U'ailay's Exd., ch. 8, p. 2711
aS»l. INSOLENCE resented. Of Ihirhix. Pre-
viously to the commencement of his expedition,
he sent, according to a national custom, two
heralds into the country which he intt^nded to
invade, who, in their master's name, demanded
earth and water, the usual symbols of subjection.
The insolence of this recpiisition provoked the
Athenians and Si)artans into a violation of the
law of civilized nations. They granted the re-
(piest of the ambiussadors by throwing one of
them into a ditch and the other into a well. —
Tyti.ku's Hist., Hook 2. ch. 1, p. 128.
2§92. INSOLVENCY, Governmental. Iteifin of
Charles II. Ashley and C'lilford [members of
his cabinet] jjroposed a flagitious l»r(Nu;h of
public faith. The goldsmiths of London were
then not oidy dealers in the precious metals, but
also bankers, and were in the habit of advancing
large sums of money to the government. In
return for these advances they received a.ssign-
ments on the revenue, and were repaid with in-
terest as the taxes came in. About .tl ,:{(M),(MM) liad
been in this way intrusted to the honor of the
Sliite. On a sudden it wa.s announced that it was
not convenient to pay the principal, and that the
lenders nuist content themselves with interest,
'i"he_\ were conse(|ui'nlly imable to meet their
own engagements. The Ex<'liang(^ was in an
uproar ; several great mercantile lionses broke ;
and dismay and distress spread through all so-
ciety. — .Ma('.vii..\y's Eno., ch. 2. p. 200.
'iwOa. INSPIRATION, Claim of. Khifi of the
(iiilhu. An Italian hermit, whose zeal and sanc-
tity were respected by the barbarians tln^mselves,
encoiuilered tlu; victorious monarch, and boldly
(hiiounced the indignation of Heaven agidnsl
the oppressors of the earth ; but the saint him-
self was confounded by the solemn asseveration
of Alaric, that he felt .-i secret and preternatural
imi>ulse, -which directed and even compelled
his march to the gates of Home. — UinnoN's
HoMi:, ch. :5I, p. 240.
2»».|. INSPIRATION, Professed. Jonu of Are.
The sorceress was eighteen years of age ; sin-
was a beautiful and most desirable girl, of good
height, and with a sweet and heart-touching
■.oice. She entered the s])lendid circle with
all humility, "like' a poor little shei)herdess,'
distinguished at the first glance the king, who
had purposely kept him.self amid the crowd t)f
courtiers; and although at first Ik; nniintained
that he was not the king, she fell down and em-
braced his knees. Hut as he; had not been(;rown-
I ed, sheonly styled him dauphin. " Gentle dau-
i phin," she addressed him, " my nameis.Iehanne
! la Pucelle. Tin; King of Heaven sends you
i ^^()rd by me that you shall be con.secrated and
crowned in the city of Hheims, and shall be lieu-
tenant of the King of Heaven, who is King of
France." — .Miciiioi.kt's ,J()\n oi' Aiic, \y 9.
iSMOS. INSPIRATION, Proof of. .ha,, of Are.
Charles (lesigneiily dressed himself far less richly
than many of his courtiers were apjiartilled, and
mingled with them when .Joan wiis introduced,
in order to see if the Holy Maid would address
her exhortations to the wrong jierson. Hut she
instantly singled him out, and kneeling before
him, said: " Most noble dauphin, the King of
Heaven announces to you by me that you sliall
be anointed and crowned king in the city of
Uheiins, and that you shall be His vicegerent in
France." His features may i)robal)ly havel)een
.seen by her previously in portraits, or hav(> been
described to her l)y others ; but she herself be-
lieved that her Voices inspired her when shead-
dressed the king ; and the rejiort soon si)read
ai)road that the Holy Maid had found the king-
by a miracle. — I)i:cisivi<; Hatti.ks, s^ 874.
•2896. INSULT more than Injury. AnthK. The
nice sense of honor wliich weighs the insult rath-
er than the injury sheds its deadly venom on the
(piarrels of the Arabs ; tlie honor of their -wom-
en and their heurdx is most easily wounded ; an
indecent action, a conteini)tuous word, (;an be
expiated only by the blood of tlieofrender ; and
INSULT— INSULT8.
345
such in tli<irpatii'iit iiivctcriicy, Unit they cxiMict
whole mnnllis and yciiiH the opporliuiiiy of rc-
vcii^c. A tiiu! or coinpcnsatioii for iiuinlcr is
fiuuiliiir to the hiirl)iiriiiii.s of every aj^t; ; hut in
Aral)ia tlie kiiisiiieii of tlic dead are at liherly to
aecei)t the atoiiemenl. or to exercise witii tiieir
own hamls the law of loh'ratioii. — Giuhon'h
Uo.MK, eh. 50, p. HH.
'iNOr. INSULT to Jealousy, F/'mii,;/. [Tiie
aristocracy were mad at Ca'sar. ] Coino, one of
the most thrivinj^ towns in tlie norlii of Italy,
had Ix'cn enfrancliised iiy Cji'sar. An eminent
cili/.en fromComo lia|)|)eninir tube at Uome,
Marcclliis ])id)licly (lo,n-,i;ed liim, ami hade him
go l)a(k and tell his fellow-townsmen the value
of Ca'sar's jrift to them. — FuornKs Cksau,
th. "^0.
tlS»»». INSULT, The last. Cnixaihi-H. A sin-
gle liniLdit could impart, according to his judg-
ment, the character whicii he received ; and the
warlike sovcreignsof Kurope derived more glory
from this personal distinction tiian from tlie lus-
tre of their diadem. This ceremony, of wliich
some traces may be found in Tacitus ami the
woods of (lermanv, was in its origin simple and
profane : the candulate, after some previous trial,
was invt'sted with the swoi'd and spurs ; and his
cheek or shoulder was touched with a sliglit
blow, as an end)lem of the last alTront which it
was lawful for him to endure. — Giniio.\'s Uo.mk,
ch. 58, p. 5(W.
3899. INSULT, Political. To Willium Pitt,
Print)' MiiiiKter. Pitt, on the 2Tth of July, went
to pay Kockingliam le.\-|)rime-nnuisterand lead-
er of the aristoia'acy I a visit of respect, and had
passed the threshold, when the young ch'ef of
the great Whig families, refusing to receive liini,
turned the venerable man of the jieoijle fnjui
his door. But lie was never afteiward abli; to
resume office, except with the friends of the
minister he now insultetl. — B.vncuokt's U. S.,
vol. 6, ch. 2(5.
2900. INSULT, Rebellion from. Pe vs i a n .-».
tTlie Persian Emperor llormouz was jciilous of
lis successful and loyal urcneral Bahrain after
bis groat victory over the Turks. And] no .soon-
er had Bahrain collected and reviewed his forces,
than he received from a royal me.s.senger the in-
sulting gift of a distalf. a spinning-wheel, and a
complete suit of female apparel. Obedient to
the will of his sovereign, he sliowed him.self to
the .soldiers in this unworthy di.sguise ; they
resented his ignominy and their own ; a shout
of rebellion ran through tlie ranks ; and the
general accepted their oath of fidelity and vows
of revenge. — Gibhon's Komk, ch. 4(5, p. 4:54.
2901. INSULT, Remembrance of. Darius.
The lonians, with their Athenian allies, ravaged
and burnt the city of ^^ardis, destroying themag-
niticent temple of Cybele, the tutelary goddess
of the country ; but the Persians defeated them
with great slaughter, and compelled the Athe-
nians hastily to re-embark their troops at Eplie-
sus, glad to make the -Ijest of their way (o
Greece. This insult, however, sunk deep" into
the mind of Darius, and from that moment he
vowed the destruction of Greece. That his resolu-
tion might suffer no delay or abatement, he
caused a crier to proclaim every day when he
sat down to table, "Great sovereign, remem-
ber the Athenians." — TvTi.»;ii'a Hist., Book 2,
ch. 1, p. \'M.
il902. INSULT, Stinging, Colond Tiivl,t„n.
Tarletoii |a cai)tured British olllcer of Corn-
wallis' arniv] was speaking sarcastically of Col-
onel [W'illiamJ Washington in the iireseiice of
Mrs. Ashe. " I would be happy to see Colonel
Washington," he said, with a sneer. .Mrs. Ashe
instantly rei)lied. " If you had looked behind
you at the battle of Cowpeiis you would have
enjoved that pleasure." — Crsris' W.vsiii.mito.n,
vo!."l. ch. (5.
200:i. INSULT, An unconscious. .Inimn If.
[The young grandsons of William Killin had
been legally murdered liy tlie monster .letrreys,
because of their reh_ious faith. The king wisli-
(•(1 to gain the Dissenters, to u.se them against the
Estaliiished Church.] The heartless and venal
svcophantsof Whitehall, judging l>v tlieniselves,
tiioughl that the old man would lie easily ju-o-
])itiate(l by an alih'rman's gown, and by some
compensation in money for llii! projicrty which
his grandsons had forfeited. . . . Killin wa.s
ordered to attend at the palace. He found u
brilliant circle of noblemen and geiitlenien as-
sembled. James iminedialely came to him,
spoke to him very graciously, and concluded by
.saying, " 1 have jiut you down. .Mr KiMiii. for
an alderman of r^onduii." The old man looked
tixedly at the king, burst into tears, and made
answer, "Sir. 1 am worn out; 1 am unlit to
serve your Majesty or the city. And. sir, the
death of my poor boys broke my heart. That
wound is as fresh as ever. I shall carry it to
my grave." The king stood silent for a minute
in some confusion, and then said, " Mr. Killin,
I will tind a balsam for that sore." Assuredly
James did not mean to .say anything cruel or in-
solent. . . . They are the words of a hard-heart-
ed and low-minded man. unable to conceive any
liiceration of the aiTections for whicli a jilace or
a pension would not be a full compeii.sation. —
M.\c.\ui,.\v's Eno.. ch. 7, p. 'iVl.
390-1. INSULTS, Argument by. Satnnd ,l>ihu-
X'Di'k. The great lexicograiilier, sjioiled liy the
liomage of s<;ciety. Avas still more prone than
(ioldsmith to lose tenii)er when the argument
went against him. He could not brook ai)pearing
to lie worsted, but would attempt to bear down
his adversary by the rolling thunder of his peri-
ods ; and when that failed, would become down-
right insulting. Boswell called it "having re-
course to some sudden mode of robust sophis-
try ;" but Goldsmitli designated it much more
ha]ii)il)'. " There is no arguing with Johnson,"
.said he, "for when /tin pidol tnix.'HK Jire, he knocks
you (hum, irith tlw butt ind of it." — HiViNO's
Goi.DHMiTir, ch. 19, p. 127.
3905. INSULTS with Misfortunes. Jamts II.
[When his i)erversity had ruined all his ])ros-
pects, lie I'alled a council of eminent men. Eng-
land was now invaded b} William of Orange.]
Then Clarendon rose, and, to th( astonish-
ment of all who remembered his loud profes-
sions of loyalty and the agony of shame and
.sorrow into which he liad lieen thrown, only a
few days before, by the news of his .son's defec-
tion, broke forth into a vehement invective
against tyranny and popery. " P^ven now," he
said, " his Majesty is raising in London a regi-
I
vi
346
INTKrJ.KCT— INTKMPKIlANCi:.
Ij:i
I
f
•i I
iiu'iil iiilu wliicli IK) Pnilcslanl is iidmiltcd."
" Tliiit is not Inic," cried . Fumes, in jrreiil a;,dlii
tioii, from the iiead of tlie lioard. Clareiidoii
IM-rsisted, and left liiis olTensive to|)ie only to Dans
to a topic still more olTensive. lie accused tlie
iinfortnnate kini; of piisillaidmity. Wiiy retreat
from Salislmry '.' W'liy not try the event of a
1 little '! Could peojile liehlamed for siil)miltiiij,'
to the invader when they saw their soverei;,fii
run away at the head of ids army ? James felt
these insidls keenlv, and rcinemliered themlon^.
— ,Ma(\ii,.\v'k Kn(i., ch. II, p. IM-J.
aOO«. INTELLECT clouded. ./«//<.//.■<. His le-
pd knowledge, indeed, was merely such as he
had i)ieked up in practice of no very hi>,di kind ;
hut he had one of those ha])pily-c()nstitute(l in
tellects which, across labyrinths of sophistry and
throuj.di masses of immaterial facts, ;ro strai/^dit
to the true itoint. Of his intellect, however, he
seldom had Ihi' full \ise. Kveii in civil c:ii:;-es his
malevolent and despotic tcmjH'r peri)etually dis-
ordered his judj^ment. . . . ilis looks ,ind tones
Inid inspired terror wIk'Ii he was merely a youn.ij
advocate struit;:;lin;j into practice. Nilw that la-
was at the head of the most forinidalilc ti'i])unal
in the realm, there were few indeed who did not
tremhle hefore 1dm. Kven when he was .-^dier,
liis violence was sulllciently frifihtful ; hut in
general his reason was overclouded and his evil
j)a.ssions stimulated liy the fumesof intoxication.
Ilis evenings were ordinarily given to revelry.
People who saw him only over his hollle would
liave sui)i)osed Idm to lie a man gross indeed,
sottish. — .M.\(Ati..\Y's Kn(!., ch. 4, \). 418.
aOOr. INTELLECT, Dullness of. ,T,>ln, Ihir-
(ird. .John Howard, therefore, was a decidedly
illiterate man. lie spelled very incorrectly, and
expressed himself on ])ap(T in the most awk-
ward and ungramnnttical manner. He was
jn-ohablv 11 dull boy, us he was rather a dull
man. There is no (piestion that, in |)()int of
mere intellect, he was not much above the aver-
age of English tradesmen. — Ovci.ui'KUI.k oh'
BioG., p. ,V2.
SOON. INTELLECT, Farsimonions. La (it
Grec/in. The Greeks of Constantinople, after
purging away the impurities of their vulgar
sixjech, acquired the free use of their ancient lan-
guage, the most happy coinjjosition of human
iut, and a familiar knowledge of tii<! sul)lime
masters who had ])lea.sed or instructed the first
of nations. Hut these advantages oidy tend to
aggravatt; tla; re|)roach and shauK; of a degener-
ate people. They held in their lifeless hands the
riclies of their fathers, without iidieriting th(!
spirit which had created and improved that sa-
cred ])atrimony ; they read, they praised, they
compiled, but their languid souls .seemed alike
incapable of thought and action. In the revo-
'ution of ten centuries, not a singles discovery
was made to exalt the dignity or ])r<)m()te the
happiness of mankind. Not a singh; idea has
been added to the si)eculativ(! systems of an-
titjuity, and a succession of ])atient di.sciples be-
came in their turn the dogmatic teachers of the
ne.xt servile generation. Not a single composi-
tion of history, ])hilo.sophy, or literature has
been saved from oblivion by the intrinsic beau-
ties of stylt! or 8(;ntiment, of original fancy, or
even of succeiisful imitation. — GiuJtON's Ko.mk,
ch. .W, p. 38i.
>JfN>f>. INTELLECT, Uncultivated. Aim rim u
Jiiiliiiiin. The red man has aptitude :il indtatioii
rather than invention ; he learns easily : his natu-
ral logic is correct and discriminaiing, and he
sei/.cs on the nicest distinctions in comparing
objects. Mut he is detlcieni in the |iower of im-
agination to combine and bring unily into his
lloating fancies, and in the facidty of abstraction
to lift himself out of the dominion of his imme-
diate (-xpcrieiice. lie is nearly destitute of ab-
stract moral truth — of general principles ; and
as a conseipicnee e(|ualling the while man in the
.sagacity of the senses, and in judgments resting
on tlieiii, he is inferior in reason and the moral
i|ualities. — H.wcitoK'r's llis'i'. i>v I'. S,, vol. U,
ch. '.'I'.
!l«IO. INTELLIGENCE, Poverty of. Siniiid
Jiihiisdii. Speaking of a dull, tiresome f(-llow,
whom he chanced to meet, he said, " That fel-
low .s(-(-ms to me to possess but one idea, and
that is a wrong one." — Hohwki.i.'s .Ioiinso.n,
p. 177.
tiffll. INTEMPERANCE, Ancient. " X»ni„iii
(it'iitt)'iin II." [In l()ll(»| the" wealthy curh-d dar-
lings" pas.scd their time- in l)an(pieting and drunk-
enness, in idle talk and gainblinn'. — Knkuit'h
Kno., vol. 1, ch. Id, p. 221.
ilOlil. . All. Ill mil r. Alexander, as
soon as he retired from the funeral i>ile jwhen!
an [iidiaii prince named Calanus had bei-n con-
sumed], invited his friends and otlicers to supper,
and, to give lite to the carou.sal, promised that
the man who drank most should be crowin-d for
hi.s victory I'romachus drank four measures of
wine (about fourteen ((uarts), and carried oil' the
crown, which was worth a talent, but survivt-d
it only thrc(^ days. The rest of the guests, a.s
Charles tells us, drank to such a degree that
forty-one of thein lost their lives, the weather
coining upon them extreiiu^ly cold during their
intoxication. — Pi.i'r.vHcii's Alkx.x.ndku.
2913. INTEMFEBANCE a fine Art. Ci/niM.
[Cyrus wrote the Laccda-monians for assistance.
In his letter he] spoke in very high terms of him-
s(-lf, telling them he had a greater and more
jirincely heart than his brother ; that he was the
better ])hilosoi)her, being instructed in the- doc-
trines of the Magi, and that he could drink and
bearinon- wine than his brotlu-r. — Pi.it.vkcii'h
AUTAXKKXKS.
2914. INTEMPERANCE, Blight of, Ki/i/,ir Al-
I'tii /'ill-, [lie was engaged to marry oik- of the
most brilliant young women of N(-w England.
After the bans W(-re jaiblished hewas.se(-n] reel-
ing through thestreclsof the (it v which wasthe
lady's home ; and in the evening that should
have been the evening before the bridal, in his
drunkenness Ik- committed at lu-r house such
outrages as made necessaiy a summons of the
l)oli(-e. [He was afterward found in the street.s
of Haltiinore dni'ik and dying, and closed his
life in the li()si)ilal.| — S.mii.ks' Dkikk JiioouA-
riiii:s, p. :541.
2915. INTEMPERANCE, Burdens of. Baijit-
min FvimkUii. [He took a young Boston friend
with him on his return to Philadelphia.] On
the journey [young] Franklin discovered that
Ilis friend had become a slave to drink. He was
sorely jilagued and disgraced by him and at last
the young drunkard had spent all his m-y, and
INTKMl'KllANC i:.
347
had no way of i;rttin>r <>ii •>'•( l)y Kruiikliirsuld. |
. . . He sliaicd his purse willi'liim till it wuh
cmiily, iiihI tlicii licpm on hoiiio iiioiu'y which
lie litui Ik'cii iiili-iiHicd wilii for uiioliicr, iiiul so i
ifol iiiin to l*hilu(lrii)hiii, when' he slill iissi.stcd !
him. It WHS sfvi'ii years liet'ore Friini<]iii coiilil '
IMiy olT all Ihe delil.— Cvri.oi'KDi.v oi' Uioti.,
p. i:i(».
'JOKt. INTEMPERANCE destroys Character,
I)i>-ii<ill(iii(i Kiiujs. 'V\w title of " llois faiiitaiits"
— " do iiothin;^ Jiiii^H" — expresses very aplly the
cliiiraeter of llu! lust deseeiidaiitsof the house of
Clovis. At till) liioilieiit when cireillllstaneeM de-
iiumded from the oeeiipaiits of the Kraidvisli
throne a more than ordinary sjiare of talent and
force of eharact<'r, they lapsed into a slate of im-
lu'cility and insi^iiiitlcance, lioth liodily and men-
tal. Intemperance and dcliauchery entailed on
them premature dec cpitude ; few attained the
matur(;a|;e of manhood ; they rai'ely apix'ared in
public, except at the annual |)a,';eant of the
C-hampde .Mars.— Stidknts' Fiianck, eh. 4, 4^8.
0017. INTEMPERANCE, Churohly. " Whit-
san-dliK." [In the latter part of the sixteenth cen-
tury,] at th(! .season of Whitsuntide, when thi^
spriiifi was callinir u]> "a spirit of lift; in every-
thing;," there was a ))arish feast, which the
church-wardens had prepared for hy an ale-l)rew-
inp [called ('hurcli-ale| ; and the profit that was
made by lillini; the black-jacks of thi; jovial
countrymen was applied to tin; repairs of the
church. Fancy-fairs hav(! superseded Whilsun-
iiles. — Knkjht'h Eno., vol. ;{, cli. H(, p. 'lTy\.
301A. INTEMPERANCE oommon. Kwiluml.
1598. [Stubbes .suys| every country, city. town,
village, and other places hath abundance of
iil(!houses, taverns, and itms, which arc so frauifbt
Avith nndt-worms night and day that you woidd
wonder to .sc(' them. [Kidght says| there were
])unishments for low debauchery, such as the
drunkard's cloid\. Against this growing sin.
which was creeping up from \\\v peasant and
mechanic to tiie yeom.an and thi^ courtier, the
preachers lifted \\\\ their voices in the jiulpil, ami
not always in vain. — Knuwit's K.vo., vol. U,
ch. 16, p.' 242.
2919. INTEMPERANCE in Court. Trial ,>f
Strafford. [On the trial of Stratford l)y Parlia-
ment it is .sjud thiit| after ten o'clock bottles of
beer and w'xnv. were going from mouth to mouth
without (•u])s. — Knioiit's Hn*;., vol. ;{, ch. 28,
p. 450.
2930. INTEMPERANCE, Crime by. F,„<ihuuU
1750. [In 1750 llemy Fielding gives] his ex-
perience as a magistrate . " Wretches are often
brought before me charged with theft or rob-
bery, whom I am forced to coidine before th(!y
are in a eon<lition to be examined ; and when
they have afterward bec(mie .sober, I have plainly
perceived, from the state; of the ease, that the gin
alone was the cause of the tran.sgression." . . . In
1751 Mr. Potti-r, a rising mend)er of Parliament,
" produced several i)hysicia:;s, and masters of
workhouses, to prove the fati.l conse(iueiices of
spirituous litpiors, which laid waste the meaner
parts of the town, and were now spreading into
the country." — Kxioirr's En((., vol. (5, ch. 12,
p. 191.
«9ai. INTEMPERANCE, Crimes of. Working
Claaacs. The awful misuse of the labor of chil-
dren and women [In the Hritish collieries] i)ro-
(•ceded, not from Ihe iieceHHities of the collier's
family, but from his own gross and sensual indul-
gences. It was in evidence that many of theiid-
ners worked only eight or idnedays in a forlidghl,
and IIk'U spent the large earidn<;s uf two ihirdM
of their working time in drinking and gambling.
— IvNriiiiT'H Kn<i., vol. H, ch. 2'-, p. :tl>0.
aOiW. INTEMPERANCE, Custom of. h'nf/hi,!,/,
1742. The Duke of Newcastle gave a great
diimer at Claremont to his colleagues. The ser-
vants, as was cnstonuiry at this period, all got
drindt. — Kniout's Kno., vol, (1, ch. 7, p. 108.
49'J:i. . Lorihof Monors [Kcigu
of Charles II. j His table was loailiMl with coarst!
plenty, and guests were cordially welcomed to
It ; bill, as the habit of drinking to excess wa.s
general in the class to which he belonged, and
as his forhme did not enable him to intoxicati;
large assemblies daily with claret or canary,
strong beer was the ordinary bevcranc The
([uanlily of beer consunK'il in those das s was in-
deed enormous : for beer then was tothcndddle
and lower classes not oidy all that beer now is,
liul all that wine, tea. aiKranletil spirits now are.
It was only at grent, houses or on great occasions
that forciiin drink was placed on the board. The
ladies of the house, whose l)usin(ss it had com-
monly been to cook Ihe re|)ast, retired as soon as
the dishes had been devonreil, and li'fl the gen-
tlemen to their ale and tobacco, The coar.so
jollity of the afternoon was often jirolonged till
Ihe revellers wcri; laid under the table. — ,M.\-
iAi;i..\v's Hnu., ch, M, p, 29!i.
a92'l. INTEMPERANCE, Debased by. Xopo-
li'oii, I. "The Knglish," said he, " apjiear to
prefer the bottle to the society of their ladies,
as is ex(wnplilied by dismissing the ladies from
the table, and remaining for hours to diiidi and
intoxicat(! themselves. Were I in Kngland, I
slnaild certainly leave the table \\ilh the ladies."
— Aiuioi't's N.vi"oi.i:oN H., vol. 1. ch. 7.
2923. INTEMPERANCE, Diseased by. .1'/-
i/iikIuh (uiLriii-i. His death was occasioned bva
very painful and lingering disorder. His body,
.swelled by all intemperate course of life to an
unwieldy corpulence, was covered with ulcers,
and devoured by innumerable swarms of those
insects which liavi' given their name to a most
loatlisoiiK! disease.— (Jimho.n's Ho.mk, ch. 14,
p. 470.
2920. INTEMPERANCE in Eating. Holinuni.
Soliman [the Mohan niiedan i aliph { died of an in-
digestion in his camp near Kinnisrin or Chalcis in
Syria, as he was [ireparing to lead against Con-
stantino])lc the remaining forces of the East.
XoTK. — The caliph had emptied two l)askets of
eggs and of tigs, which he swallowed alternately,
and the repast was concluded with marrow and
sugar. In one of his pilgrimages to Mecca, Soli-
man ate, at a single meal, seventy pomegranates,
a kid, six fowls, and a huge quantity of the
grapes of Taycf. If the bill of fare be correct,
we must admire theaiipetite rather than the lux-
ury of the sovereign of A.sia. — (tIUHOn's Ko.mk,
ch. 52, p. 280.
2927. . Sdinitd JohhKoi). It must
be owned that .Johnson, though he could be
rigidly (ibxtcniiotin, was not a U tiijx'nttt' man
either in eating or drinking. He could refrain,
34H
intkmi'i:han( K
J'
I
.}
I)itt lie ('i)iilil iiol nsi> inodcralcly. lie lold iiir
tliat \u; IiikI IuhIciI two dayM willioiit incdiiviii'
iciK'c, and thai lie liad iirvi-r hcrii Iniiiirry Iml
(iiicc. 'I'lii'v wild liclicld Willi wonder liow niiirli
lie I'al ii|M>n ail occa.Hidiis when Ids dinner was to
Ids laMie, I'liidd nol easily riiiieeive wli.il lieiiiilsl
have meant liy hunger ; and not ipnly was lie i-e
niarl\aliie I'or the extraordinaiv (|iiantity whicli
lie eat, lint he was, or all'eeled to lie, a man of
u very nice discernnieiit in t lie science dl cook-
I'ry. — |{(iswi:i,i,'s .loiiNsdN, p. |:!().
tlOilM. INTEMPERANCE, Example of. /''->/■ t/>r
Viiii/i;/. ['{"lie S|iartMiis had many slaves called
Ileloles, Sometimes they I made them drink nii
til they wen; intoxicated, and in tlial condilioii
led them into the iiiililic halls, to show the Ndiiiii;
lueii what drunkenness was. They ordered them
to simr iiieitn sontrs and to dance ridiculous
ilanccs, lint not to nied<lle with any that, were
^'eiitecl a III I jiiacefnl, — I'l.rf Mien's IjYcikui's.
!l9*i0. INTEMPEHANCE, Fatal. LouU X. Me
cxjiired at V'inceimes of a disorder occasioned
liy drinkini^ wine inimoderaleiy when dNcr-
hcated li\- a ^'ame at liall. — S riDKNrs' Fiia.\( i;.
eh. 1), ^: 'I, p. nto.
aWIO. . Af/ni/.inr. | Alllidaric. the
youni; Oolhic Kim;- df Italy, was aliandnned
to wine, and at the ai,'e of sixteen was cdiisumeil
by i>rematuie inleinperance. ]— (tiniidNs Ito.Mi;,
ch. 41, 1), 1 ti».
99:11. . Af<.r,n,il,rf/i<' droit. One
<lay after he had Lfiveii \eai'( 'lus |dne of his coin
manders] a sumpl;ioiis treat, lie wi'iit, accordiiii;-
To custom, Id refresh himself in liie liatli in order
to retire to rest iJiit in the mean time Mediiis
came :uid invited him to laki' pari in a cannisal,
and he could not deny him. '{'here he ilrankall
that niudit and the next day, until at last he
found a fever comini^r upon him. It did not,
however, seize him as lie was drinkiiiL^ the cup
of Hercules, nor did he tind a sudden pain in his
hack, as if it had lieeii pi(r<'ed with a spear.
These ai(! circumstances invented liy writers,
who thought the catastrojihe of .so r.olile a lra!,i'
cdy should lie sonu^thinn' all'ecliiiLr and extraor-
dinary. AristoliuliiH tells us that in the raj^^e of
his fever and tho violeiicf^ of his thirst he tonka
dr!iu;,dit rif wine, which threw him into a fren/y,
and that he di(Ml the thirtirih of the month J)ti!- <
.lilts (Jitnc). — ['i,i:i Aiuii's Ai.KX.\Ni)i:ii.
a»3a. INTEMPERANCE of Females, yohiliti/.
A.I). !()()(). |. lames I., havinj^ received a iilieraj
subsidy from Parliament,] iiidulj;cd in every
.species of disirnstiiii;; excess, in which the roval ■
example was so oiicoiiragin.ii thai . . . the ladies i
abaiKloiied their sobriety, and were seen to roll i
ab(jut in intoxication, — Knioiit'h E.no., vol. 3, !
ch. 2-1, p. :{;«).
293.'t. INTEMPERANCE fostered. HikjI, .Vil
Icr. " Tlu^ diiiiking usaii'es cif llie|sione ma- i
sons] profession in which I labored W( ir at !
this lime many ; wiicn a foundation was lai<l. j
the workmen weri treated to drink ; . . . when |
the walls were levelled for layiiiL,Mlie .joists ; . . .
when the buildinif was' tinished ; . . . when an ap-
prentice joined the. s(juad ; . . . when his " apron
was washed ;" ... when his time was out, and
occasionally they learned to treat one another. '
[Miller soon became ii teetoUler.] — S.mii.ks' j
BuiEF BlOUKAPIIIKS, p. 94. 1
il9:ll. INTEMPERANCE and Oeniai. .liHinn,,.
Hear Swift : " I dined wiih .Mr. Aililison and
Dick Stuart. They were half fuddleii, hill not
1; fori mixed water with mv wine, and left
tliein tdiielhcr between nineaiuf ten." (Ocidber
;tl, ITIO.I KNKiirr'H Kno,, vol. .'i.ch. ',»;, p. A'M.
•i9:|.'(. INTEMPERANCE, Oovernmental.
Dill 1(1,1 II I'll ili'ii nil III. The I'arliameiit which met
at Kdiiiliuru:h on the Isi of .laiiuarv, HKII \\t\n
been honored with the name of " the (Irii liken Par-
liament." I liishopl liurnel says: "Itwasainad,
roariiiy; Imie, full of cMravimaiice ; and no won
der it was so, when the iik'Ii oialTairs were almost
lierpetiiallv drunk, ' — Kmoiii's E.N(.., vol. 4,
ch. HI, J), "riH.
>i9:i0. INTEMPERANCE throuKb Hosmtality.
Trnitiiiii. \\\ the ( iimmeiic<'ment of 11. i eiiili-
teenth century I the li.irbarous hospitalitv that in-
duced •' gentlemen to think it was one ot the lii<ii-
ursof their houses that none must ;;ooutofthem
.sober," was a little wcarinu- :uvay. — K.Moiit's
K.Nd., vol. ."i, ch. I, p. ."it.
a9!l7. INTEMPERANCE, Loss by. Stiiihrn . 1 .
Ihiiit/liis. On the breakini;dut of the rebellion,
in ISOI, he ira\i' his hand to Abraham iancolii,
and entr.'iited to stmid h\ him in his etl'orts to
save the couiitr\ ; all his errors were instantly
forifiven. Ifut liVsdnys were numbered. During
his liercule.in labors of the previous year he had
sustained himself by ileep drau.glits (4' w liiskey ;
and his consiitution gave w.iy at the very timt!
when a lu w and iKjbler career opened up before
him. . . . Whc' T saw him last he was st.andiiig
on tli(! balcon ihe .Mclr<ipolitan Hotel in New
York, . . . his .ige face as red as lire. — P.vii-
TONS (!V(I,i I'lWllA oi' iJiod., p. 'HY,\.
a9:i«. INTEMPERANCE manifested. Offtn-
xiir. I heard him (.Idiiiison) once givi a very
judicious praclical advice upon this subject:
" A man who has been drinking wine at ;dl free
ly should ni'ver go into .i new com|)any. With
those who have partaken wine willi him he
ma}' be pi-elly well in unison ; but he will, prob-
aiiiy, be olTensiNc, or appear I'idiciilous, to other
|)eople." — 15iiswi;i,i,'s Johnson, p. "JTfl
29;i9. INTEMPERANCE, Perils of. li'itnat
frmn Mimroir. On the Uth of .Vnxcmber .\!i])oleon
reached Smolensk. He had ho])c(l to tind shel-
ter, clothing, .and provisidn- He found only
rain and famine. There \\a- brandy in abun-
dance. 'I'lii; soldiers in despair drank to utter
stupefaction, and during the iiiLrht perished mis-
ci' ibly in the icy streets. In the morning the
pavement was covered with the frozen bodies
of the dead. — Aitixcn's Nai'oi.ku.n I{., vol. 2,
ch. M,
2910. , /iiiliiiii.i. [After the 8ur-
iHsnder of Fort ^\'illiam Henry, at Lake (Jeorge,
Id the French,] a .safe escort wasi iironii.sed to
Fort Edward. . . . Unforlunateiy the IndiauK
procured a (luantily of whiskey from the Eng-
li.sh camp. Maddened with intoxication, and lu
spite of the utmost exeriions ol Montcalm and
his dflicers, llir .savages fell uixm th(^ prisofiers,
and beu^an a ma.s.sacn>. Thirty of the English
were tdinahawked, . . . The retiri nieiit . . . U;-
came a iianic and a rdiil. — UiDi'ATii'ri U. 8.,
ch. 84, [), ^70.
4911. INTEMPERANCE, Power of. Wm:
The intemperate thirst of strong licjuors often
INTKMl'KKANi K.
349
ur^cd I he Imrlmriiiii to Inviiili' tin- pri)vii». cs on
whicli art or imliiir imil liolnwcil lliusc miicli
I'livii'd pri'sciits. 'I'lic 'I'iMciiii who li»iiii\i'l IiIm
coiiiiti-y to the Ccllic iiiilioiw Mllraclcil lit'iii
into Italy liy llic |i|-os|ic('t of tlic lidi I'l ^ and
(|i lii'iolis \\iiii'-<, llic pi'oilllrtiolis of u III >|)li'r
cliriiMlr. And ill the HaiiK' iiiaiiiii'i' llic (ii'i ;iiaii
aii\ili:ii'ir'*, invllcd into I'rtiiicc (liiriiiir lli((i\il
wars of llic Nixici'iitli cciiiiwy, wi ' allured liy
llic promise of plciilcinis (piarlcr-i in llic prov-
inces of ('liainpa;,'nc and l'.ui.;iindy. Drunken-
iicHs, ilie niosi illilicral, Inii hdI ihe most daiiircr-
oiis of (Hir vices, was somclimes caimlile, in ii
less civjii/.cd stale of mankind, of occasjonin;,' a
lialtle, a war, or a rcvniiitioii.— (liiiiioNH HoMt
ell. )>, p. UC.'),
ilflltl. INTEMPERANCE prolonged, IHoui/nin^.
The reins of that moiuiKliv wiiicli i>ioiiysins
vainly called adamaiilinc fell .i;radiiall,\ from llic
loos(> and dissolute hand llial li< 1<l them. This
youn^ prince, it is said, would ((iiilinucMlic icik!
of intoxication for ninety days wiilioiit intermis-
sion, during; u'hicli lime no solier person was
admitted to Ids court , wliere all was drunkenness
and liutroonery, revelry and riot. — I'i.t!r.\ii(ii.
lJ»i:i. INTEMPERANCE- PROPEETY, Co,,-
nuinptiiin, I Calo the Tensor was one day | point iiii;
lo a man who had sold a palenial estate near tin!
seaside ; he prctendeil to admire him as one that
Was sironjjer than liicsca itself ; " For," said he,
" what tile sea could not have swallowed willi-
out dil!icully, this man has taken down with all
lh<; ease ima^^inalijc." — i'i,i"r.\iKii'H (Jato.
'iOII. INTEMPERANCE, Religion agaiiiRt.
/'iir.'/iiiiK. (Ill 1(>.');{ Colonel Hutchinson, M.l'.,
ill Ihe i)arl of tlie country wiien; lie lived |
procured unnecessary ale houses to he put down
in all llic towns; and if any one that he heard
of suiT'ered any disorder or delcuichery in his
house, ji(! would not sufTcr him to lirew any
more. He was a liillc severe against drunk
enness, lor which the lirunk.irils would some-
times rail at him. — IvMoirr's Km;. , vol. 4, eh. 1 1 ,
p. 172.
'ifM5. INTEMPERANCE renounced, Xortmiiht.
Tiiey renounced that lirulal iiilcinpcranct' to
wliich all tiie other liranclies of tlie frreat (Jer-
mail family were lo') much inclined. The polite
lu.xury of the Norman presented a strikiiiir con-
trast to the coarse voracity and drunkenness of
his Saxon and Daiiisii iieiirlibors. lie loved to
display his iiia^Miiliceiice, not in hiiire piles of
food and hou-sheads of slronu; drink, hut in
lari^e luid stalely oditices, rich armor, ^.allant
horses, choice falcons, well-ordered tournaments,
han(piels delicate ralli r than idMindant, and
wines rem.ii'kalije lathci for llieirex(piisil(! flavor
tlian for tin ir intoxicatini,'i)owcr. — .M.vc'Ai:l.vy's
E.fci., ch. 1, ]). 11.
a» l«. INTEMPERANCE, Revenue from. St„t<'.
[The national debt of (Jre.it l?rilain washciiuii hy
iiorrowinij ten millions of money to carry on the
war of VVilliaiu 111. .•'irainst Louis XIV. The
loan w;is secured liy| ' An Act for irrantin^ to
llu'ir nia,jesties certain r .te.s and duties of excise
ipon beer, ale, and other li(]m)rs."— Knkuit'k
K.-^a., vol. T), ch. 10, p. l.'iti.
2ft 17, INTEMPERANCE, Shameful. Itfinnof
JameH ll. There w(!retwo I'ldlcstanl incmhers
i)f the cabinet who took no decided jiart in the
sli. j/fiie. .lelTi vs was lit thai time t(»rtiired liy
a cruel intiTtial iiialadv wliicii liad been i\)i)iv\\-
vate<l by iriteii .>(ralK'e. A' a dinnir which a
wealthy alderm.'iii uiivc *o some of tin li adinir
incmliers of Ihe p)\ei(imt'iit, Ihe lord inasiircr
and the lord cliaiiccllur wire so ili imk llml 'hey
t-'ripped llienisclvcs almo-i --iMrk linked, and
were with diUlcully prevented licim climbiiijf up
a sij,'u po- to drink his .Majesty's heallh. — NIa
( MI.AV's ,,.\(i , ch .|, p. (l!
a9'IM. INTEMPERANCE, 8hamele». bh^jM.
Noble Mril'.iis, m|i to the i nd of tin iuhteeiitli
eeiiliiry, Ihoiijiiii ii m disjrrace to a genllcinait to
be led reclini: jioni'' oy the watchman, or to fail
under the ImI 1e. whilst iiiiiarin<r out the baccliana-
liaii Hon^s u iil( h were the most piecioiis ^ifls
of the Knvrlish mil-'-, . . The president wiio is
concoclin^r a fresh bowl of |)unch is a ruliiciind
divine, wliose cidlinti', iiccordiiiii; to ihc llicory
of Ihat ajre, in as much devi'ctl lo thei oikscrcw
han>,nn-,' from iiis liii|rer as by Ihc band and ras-
Hock wliich he wears, — Knk'iut'h Kno., vol. .'i,
ell. HO, ;> HIS
tiOlft. INTEMPERANCE endanger! the State.
Ihitlh tif (ii riiKiiitoirii. The dclas- in thearri\id
of theammuiiilion waj^ons was pr^dii' tiveofthc
most serious CI. ii-c([uenees in the .k lion of the
HUi reedin^r (la_\ |to the Americans|. The trcii-
end olllcer to whom the blame of tlii- delay is
allaclied was afterward discovered in a state of
intoxication, lyiiif,Mii Ihc'ornerof a fence. |ln
the midst of the battle Ihc aiiiinunilioii f.iiled.]
lie wasbrouiiiil loii court martial and caslinred.
— C'rsTis' AVasiiinoton, vol. 1, ch. l.
ilOAO. INTEMPERANCE, Strange. Turturn.
The wiiiesof a lia|)pierclimale are the most irrate-
fiil jirescnt, or the most valuable com mod ily, that
can lie oll'ered lo the Tartars ; and the only ex-
ample of their industry seems to consist in the
art of extracting from mare's milk a fermeiiled
liipi' r. which possesses a very sironji' power of
into ication — OiiiiioNs Ho.mk, ch. 'M. ]>. *>.
2ft '> I . INTEMPERANCE, Suppression of. ////
Li'f/is/iit 'II. I In IT.Vi, I o suppress the c\ ils of]
drinkiiii; ^in, additional duties wen iniposcil
from time to time ; and the consumiilini. of ihi
liipiid tire became ,'iaduaily diminishei I not so
niiicli, perhaps, by the operation of tlu duties
as by the fj;enenil improvement of a'U classes of
society. Drunkenness in the time of (Jeori^e 11.
was the vice of Ihe lii^di as well as the low.
When it became adis^rrace for a jrenlleiiuin lobe
drunk, it iniLilit reasonably lie cxpcriid that Ihe
artisan would .see that his own character and liis
own liai)pine.ss were compromised by drunken-
ness. — Kxiiiirr's Knc, vol. (i, ch 1'? p. I'.tl.
2ft52. INTEMPERANCE. Victim of S'url'hin.
Tlie same ni^dit i which Sheridan had elect i ilied
Parliament with his cloipiencc he miiihl have
been picked up drunk in the streets. — Knioiit's
Enc.., vol. 8, ch. '11, p. 402.
2ft5:t. . /iWm; //?///■;/.«, havili'Lrotle
from his jjloULdi to become the siioilcd i iiild
of Hdinburirh society, fell into habits of intem-
perance. — IvNKinr's K.\<;., vol. .S. eli. 7, j). 110.
2ft5-l. , Rolurt IhniiH. Early in
the month of .laiiiiary, wlwn his health was in
the course of iini)rovemeiit. Hums tarried to a
lat<' hiair at a jovial party in the (Jlobc tavern.
Hefore returning home, he unluckily remained
.:i^*»#;4i!,i
^.A-JjmmBPm.
J-ioO
INTKMIMlUANrE-TM'Ol.KIlANCK.
for Homi' lime Id tin- oiicri ulr, iiml nviriHiwncil
li\ till' clTcctH of llic lii|unr III' liad iliiiiik, fill
UHlrr|>. . . , A fiiUil clilll piiM'Irali'kl his liKiii'H ;
III' rriirllril Ikiiiic willl llli' niiiIs of u rlirilllliltir
fi'viT iilrciiily in ]iomm<'h,sIiiii of IiIm wcukriiril
fnilili'. Ill this littlr liniilrlll, itllil IIdI ill llir
tircssiiri' iif pKViTty it illHrrpiitr, iir wuiinclnl
ri'lliiK'* or 'I hrukrii hnirt, truly liiy tlir iletcr-
inliilii^' niiisi' of till' sillily Mliortriinl iliivs of txir
iiiiIIkiiiiI piM't.— Wii villi' a llriiNs, ( li. t.
ilOAA. . h'il!/<ir Alliiii /'-«■. KilKiirAi
lull I'lH', llki' Hyroii nnil iimiiy ollii'is, uppi'urs to
havi' lii'i'i) u iiiiin whnsi- liniiti \\:is pcniiaiii'tilly
liijiifril hy ali'ohiil, ami HO iiijurnl that thcri'was
IK) safrtyfor liiiii cxi I'lit in total and clcriml uh-
stiiicnri' from cvi'ry intoxiiatin^,' iliink. 1 hiivi'
oftiii hi'ani till' lali' N. V. Willis .sjirak of I'oi's
<'oniliirl whi'ii 111' was siili rilitor of tlu' h'rtii-
iii'j Mirror, of which Mr. Willis was oiir of thr
t'ditors. I'oi', III' woiilil say, was usually oiii' of
till' most ijuirt, ri'^ular, anil K*''>tl<'Uianliki' of
iiii'ii, ri'inarUahly neat in his |i<'r.son, ili'ifant, ami
orderly alxml his work, and w liollv uni'Xi rptioii-
alilc ill I'ondurt and ili'inrannr. Itiit in a weak
nioinrnt, 1i'iii|plrd, prrliaps, \<y a fririid or liy
Ihrdi'vil Opiiortunily, hi' would taki' oiw ;f|iiss
of wini' or liciuor. I'Voin that moini'iit hi' was
anolhcr l)(■inL,^ His srlf control was jjoiif. An
irri'sistihli' thirst for stroii),' drink possi'usi'd him,
Hiid III' would drink and drink and drink, aslonij;
ns he could lift a l; lass to his lips. If he could not
fret L'ood liquor, he would drink had ; all he
desired was soinelhin^ (lercely slinnilalin^. lie
would frequently keep this up for several days
and iiiirhts, until, in fact, his .system was per-
fectly exhausted, and he had heeii taken helpless
and unresist iinr to Ih'iI. — (.'yci.oi'KDIa ok Hiok.,
p. 7MS.
il05<(. INTEMPERANCE, Wages and. "Ciihr
\\'<i;/i'K." I .M lout the close of the seventeenth cen-
tury hi'LTaii II custom which has continued until
the iireseiit time. Il was) "the payment, hy the
farmer, of a portion ot his liiliorei-s' wages in
cider." — KMiiiri'H Knu., vol. o, ch. ]rt, p. 1.'").
9957. INTERCOURSE, Unity by. I'liitnl
,'>ltifin. The third cause of theci\il war was /Ac
triiiil of iiiti rroiirm' Ixtwerti the jh'ojiIi' of the JSorlh
nntlt/ic StHitli. 'I'Ik! great railroads anil thorough-
fares ran I'^ast anil West. l']migration tlowed
from the East to the West. Helweeii the North
and South there was little travel or interchange
of opinion. From want of acquaintance thepeo-
1)1(', without intendingit, Ivcanie estranged, jeal-
ous, suspicious. Tliey misjudged each other's
motives ; they misreiircHcuilcd each other's heliefs
and |)uriii- they suspected each other of dis-
honesty and h. !. Hefore the outhrcak of the
war the people oi the two .sections looked upon
each other almost in the light of dillerent nation-
alities.— HiDi'.vrn'H U. S., eh. 62, p. 4H9.
2ft5«. INTEREST prohibited, liiinn ofllmry
yill. It is worthy of notice that in this reign,
likewise, the interest of money was first fixed hv
law in Hngland. While this continued an arhi-
trary matter— that is to .say, while the prohihi-
tions of the canon law were in full force, which,
as we formerly remarked, condemned all interest
as illegal and contrary to the exjiress command
of 8crii)ture — its exaction, heing kept secret, was
beyond measure exorbitant. Twenty and thirty
per cent were, iu the fourteenth century, uc-
< niiiited a tnoderale rate of iisani e Henry VIII ,
by a Ntalule passed in the year b'ltH, for the pun-
Ishinenl of usury, limited the li'i;al inlcreMt to
tell per cent, at which rate il continued till after
the reign of t)ueeii Kli/.aheth.—TvTi. Kit's Miht.,
Hook <l, I h. IH, p. '.'71.
il1>A». INTERPRETATION unreetrloted. My-
tlioloijii. As the tiiiditioijs of pagan mythology
were variously related, the Mnered Interprt'ler*
were at liberty to select the most convenient
lircumstances ; and as they Iraiisj ited an ariil-
trary cipher, they could extract from <iit)i fablo
((//// sense which was adapted to their favorite
Hysteiii of religion and jpliilosopli , The IiincI-
vioiis form of a naked Venus wii- tortured Into
the discovery of some moral precept or soino
physical truth; and the castral' m of Atyst'.x-
plained the revolution of the sun between thu
tropics, or the .separalioii of the liiimiin .soul
from vice and error. [Time of Julian. ]—(Jii»'
iio.NK HiiMi:, ch. 'j:t, p. uri.
aiMM». INTERVIEW, Formal. (Smut -.Vi'.l/ir-
lion. (A French inquirer asked (leiieral (Irani,
when in I'aris, I •• How did you find our I'lesji-
dent t' " We were uiialile to conii>rehend eacli
other." " How was that ?" I .said, with iwlon-
ishment. " Simple enough ; I didn't under-
stand a word of French ; the mar-lial doesn't
know a word of i'lnglish. llehowid tome; I
bowed to him. He extended his hand to me ; I
extended mine to him. Then all was over." —
Tu.WKI.S OK (JkNKU.VI. (JU.V.NT, Jl. HS.
ilfHd. INTIMIDATION Buccesaful. C(ti>l<iin
,/o/in Siiiitli. .Smith's first and chief care was to
make a proi)er impression upon the minds of the
.savages, . . . Ileordered the two cannon which
he had promised to give to | King] Powhatan to
be brought out and loaded to the mu/./.le with
stones. Then, under the luclence of teaching
tlu; Indians gunnery, he had the i)ieces dis-
chargi'd among the tree-tops, which v.ere brist-
ling with icicles. 'I'liere was a terrible crash, and
the savages, ci.wering with fear and ama/.enieiit,
(!oidd not be induced to touch thi' fearful engine*).
— UiDl'ATii's r. S., ch. !», 1). 101.
aoea. intolerance and Immorality. Char-
Irmiif/nt'. Charlemagne was fullv eipial to aiiv
of those .sovereigns to whom liislory awarim
tlic! name of (ireat, if he did not surpass them
all. His two great f.aults were his religious in-
tolerance, which carried him into the most san-
guinary e.x(tesses of inhuman ciiielty, and hi.s
laxity of personal morals. — Sti'dicnts' Fuanck,
ch. T), ^11.
a9«:i. INTOLERANCE, Protestant. 7'" Ix'oiikiii.
i.itn. [Ill l»)i»Hwas passed] the "Act for the fur-
ther preventing till' growth of PojX'ry ;" it recites
that there has been a greater resort into this
kingdom than formerly of popish iniests, bisli-
oj)s, and Jesuits. Any ])er.son aiiprehendiiig and
jirosecuting to conviction any bishop, priest, or
.lesuil, for saying muss or exercising any priest-
ly function, is to receive a reward of L'lOO. Tim
punishment of such convicted i)er.sons, or for a
l)ai)ist keeping a school, is to be perpetual im-
])risonment. Every i)erson educated in the [hj-
pish religion upon attaining the age of eighteen,
to take the oath of allegiance and supremacy , and
subscribe the declaration aguin.st transubstantiij-
tion and the worship of saints, and in default of
INTOf.KUANCK-INVKNTION.
351
micli oiiili mill NiilHrrtpltori \n (icclfin il iiKiipablc
of |)i>rrlmMini( liin<ls, or of inheriting IuihIh iintlcr
liny ili'vJHr or liiniliilloii, llif next of lilii Im'Imk u
proli'sratit. lo t'lijos »<ii(ii ilcviMi'il luinls iltirin^
III'.' -KM..irTV Kn<; , v,,i. r,, ell. ir., p. -Jin.
iUMt. INTOLERAHCI, Raliglotti. TniihrCon-
ni'lfiifi-H, I in l(i7<) l'iirl<cr, aflrrward lllslioii of
Oxfoni, wiiH iiiliilcrnnl. towiini Nonconforinisls,
mill prMCJiiiincii I Kiiiicr ('onscicnci-H, iiiMlrii<i of
Ih'Iiik I oniplii'il vMlli. iiiiiMt lie rcMlraiiiril vvitli
iiiori' pcrriiiplorv iiini iiiivicliling rli;or tlimi
naki'd mni iiiisaiiclilii'ii vlllaliiv. — Kmiiiit'h
Ksii., vol. 4, ill ll>, p, mi.
"ittWi. INTOXICATION, BeiponiibiUty for,
Munlit. I Mi'li'^jiriiiH, ilic jrrnil Koinan ^ji'ni'ral,
was (iisiin^niisli.d liy ills llriiinrHs anil Mrvrrily.
'I'woof till- lliiiH, who in II ilninkm ipiari'r! Iiai
Hliiin oiii' of tln'ir fi'llow Moidlrrs, wni' insianlly
.show II to till' army siispcndi'd on a lofty ^dlilirt.
The nalional iijfiiilv was icscnli'd liy thriiToiin
Iryini'ii, wii.i iljsclaiinrd tin servile laws of the
empire, aurl asserted the free privileife of Seylh-
ill. wlieit' ;i .small line was allowed to e.xpiale the
hasty sallies of inteinperance and nnifer. Their
( oinplainls were specious, their i Imnors were
loud, and the Itomans were no! averse to the ex-
ample of disorder and im|)iiiiily. Hut the risin;;
sedition was appeased hy (he aiithorily and elo-
ipieiireof the ir,.|ii>riti ; and he represented to the
assenihled troops the ()lili;,nilion of justice, the
importance of discipline, ihe rewards of pieiy
and virtue, and llie unpardonalile i.>'iiiil of miir'
der, which, in his apprehension, was a,i;L;raviiled
rather than excused i)y the vice of into.xication.
— (JllllioNS Uo.Mi;, ell. 11, p. l','l.
ilfMMK INTRIGUE, Oeniui for, C.iron ([,■ Ih;ni-
7iiiirr/iiiin. ,\.i). 1774. " Is there," said lie tliroiinh
De Sartines, Ihe head of the ])oHce |lo Louis |
X\'I., twenly yearsof aj,'e, and ahsolulc inoiitirch ,
of Kraiicel, " anythin;^ which the kinjj; w ishes to i
know alone and iit, once — anythiim which he I
■wishes done quickly and .secretly, here am I,
who have at his service a head, a heart, arms,
and no loni^ue." — M.v.Nc:ii(ii'"r's r..S., vol. 7, eh. 1.
ilOOr. INTRIGUER, Saocesiful, SinnlivhuKl
[Secretary of Slate under ( 'liarles II.] Lii<e many
other accoinplished llallerers and iiei,^oliiilor.s, he
■was far more skilful in the art of readin;,' the
«'liiirticters and in'iiclisin^ on the weaknes.ses of
individuals than in the art of discernini,'' the feel-
in,i;.s of ifreat inas.ses and of foreseeing' the aj)-
proach of ureat revolutions, lie was adroit in
intrigue ; and it was dilllcult even for shrewd
and experienced men, who had heeii amply foie-
■vvarned of his perlidy, to withstand the fascina-
tion of his inanner, and to refuse credit to his
jirofcssions of attachmeiil ; hut he was so intent
on observinj; and courtiiiLr particular persons,
thiit he foi'ii'ot to study the temper of the nation,
He therefore miscaiculaled i^rossly with res))ect
to all the most momentous events of his time.
Every important inoveiiient and rchoiind of the
public mind took him hy surjirise ; and the
world, unable to undcrstilnd how so clever a
man could be blind to what was clearly discern-
ed by the politicians of Ihe coiree-hou.ses, some-
times attributed to deej) desiijfn what were, in
truth, more hluiidcrs. — Macaulay's Eno., ch. 2,
p. 231.
a96S. INVENTION by Accident. Spinninf/-
jenny. In 1767 James Ilargrcaves completed his
and forthwith conslriKled a iniilliiilvln^ wheel,
with ei;;hl rovlngs and eiKhl iipri^rfit spindleM,
" Hpinnlnif ieniiy " The spliinler'x niiicliinc in
llarirreaveH collate lielnn; accidentally over-
turned, it was oliNerveij that the wheel and the
siiinille continued to revolve. In the position of
llie wheel on ilsside the spindle iM'cmne piTpeii-
iliciilar, 'I'lie ingenious man eaii^lil the idea,
iilliiilvii
iiprl^flit
Ills jealoii.s neighbors broke into his house, de
stroved his invention, and compelled him to liy
for Ills life to Nollini;liain. [lie look oiil a pai
enl, but his Invention soon became common
property.) — K.miiht'm Kml, vol. 7,(Ii. :I, p, 4*1.
tMMIO. . ('fiinniiui/,/i roiiif. llebeKan,
erelong, to send coiisigninents of woudeti clocks
to Ihe Solllhern cilies, and Ihis il nmisIIiiiI led to
Ihe discarding of wood for the works of ^'aiikee
clocks. On Ihe voyage I In- wood would swell
sometimes, and spoil Ihein. One niglil, when
.leroine was depressed from a lemporary lull in
the businos, and much troubled with this new
dilllciilty, the idea darted inio his ininit that
possibly a clock could be iniiile of brass as
cheaply as of wood, lie sprang out of bed and
fell to ciphelilig. He found il could be done,
lie did il.— ('V( i.oi'KDi A or IliiMi,, p. 2i:i.
JftrO. INVENTION, Aid of. ./»H>is Cvs,!,:
The \'eiielj had ciilieeied every ship Ihal they or
I heir allies possessed loilefeiid themselves, 'they
had two hundred and twenty .sail in all — a
force, considering ils charaeler, extremely for
midable. Their vessels were loo slrong to be
rundown. The galleys carried turrets; but Ihe
liows and sterns of the N'eiieli were still too
lofty to be reached elTcclively by Ihe Uoinall
javelins. The IJomans bad the advanlagi' in
speed ; but that was all They loo, however,
had their ingenuities. They had studied the
conslriiclion of the Hiclon ships. •They had
pro\ided sickles with long handles, with which
they proiioscd to catch the halyards which held
the weight of the heavy leather sails. It was
not diliicult to do. if, as is probable, the hal
yards were made fast, not to the mast, but to
Ihe gunwale. Sweeping rapidly alongside they
could easily cut them ; Ihe sails woulil fall, and
the vessels would be uiimana.Lreable. — Fuoidk's
C.ksah, ch. I."),
ilOri. INVENTION appreciated. n,>,nrb.,mi.
[Dr. Kdinund Cartwrighi, a clergyman, invented
Ihe power-loom in 17H4 ; and in 1807 I'arlianieni
granted him t'l(),00()| for the good service lu'
had rendered Ihe public by his invention of
weaving. — Kmoiit's K.nu., vol. 7, ch. It, p. 54,
aOrti. INVENTION, Benefit of, ('<nuio„. In
the battle of Angora the main body itself was
sui)ported on the Hanks and in the rear by ihe
bravest sipiadrons of Ihe reserve, «'ommande(l
by the sons and grandsons of Timour. The con
qucror of Ilindostan oslentaliously showed a
Mm; of elephants, the trophies rather than the
instruments of victory ; the use of the (Jreck
lire was familiar to the Moguls and Ollomans ;
but had they borrowed from Kurope Ihe recent
invention of gunjiowiler and cannon, the arlili-
cial thunder, in tlic hands of eitliur nation, must
liave turned tlie fortune of the day. — (.Jihuon's
UoMK, ch. 65, p. 265.
2973. INVENTION, Comfort by. Ea ?• t h e n-
ware. [In 1763 .Josiah Wedgwood, a mechanic.
^
I,
\u
Hi
SP?i'^?52
352
INVENTION.
disroviTcd a process of iiiimiifiictiiriiiLr a cheap
and excellent eaiilieinvare, wliich removed] the
pewter dishes from the diiiirv rows in the trades-
man's kitchen, and sui)eise(ie(l the wooden plat-
ter and the hi-own dish of the poor man's cottage.
— KNKiirr's Km;., vol. T, <li. ;i, p. oT.
aOTI. INVENTION, Crisis of. Klinn llmrc.
One (lav, in l^(4l, tlie thouLilit Hashed nponhim,
performance of tiu^
anothiv stitch 't 'V\\\>
Is it necessary tlia' a mac! in: slionld imitate the
liand '.' -May there not he
was the crisis of the inven-
tion Till idea of usintc two thrcii's, and form
iiiff a stitch liy the aiil of a shnttle and a cnrvcd
needle, with the eye near the ])oinl, soon occurred
to him, and h^ felt that lie \\\A invented a sewimj;-
machine. It was "i the month of ( »ctoher, lH-14.
that l:e was able to convince liitKsilf, by a rough
model of wood and wire, that such a nnichine
as lie had j)roie('ted would sew. — Cvci.oimcdia
OF Biod., p. (5S(t.
2975. INV£NTION, Discouragement in. Jihuck
Watt. I ha\c now hrouuht the entrine near a con-
clusion, yet ' am not an idea nearer that rest I
wish fo: than i was fcuir vciirsago. However.]
am resolved ;o do all I can to carry on this husi-
ncsh, and if it does not tliiive wiiii me I will lay
asidf! 'hf! burden I cannot carry. Of all tiiintrs
in life there is nothing more foolish than invent-
ing. — S.MiLKs' JJuiKK Hr()(ii{Ai'itit:s, J). ;J().
2976. INVENTION, Failure of, G,;.r!ie Waxh-
in[lton. We tind in liis diaiy many such entries
as thesi' : "Spent ti.c greater part of the day in
making a new jilougi: of my own inventio:;."
" Peter (my smith) ami I, after several ctTorls to
make a i)loiigli after a new model, jiartly of my ! g^fnious^miiK
own contriving, wen fain to give it over, at
least for tlie present." — Cvci.oi'kdia oi-' litoo.,
p. 12.
2977. INVENTION, Genius for. A},r<ih,na Tah-
coln. It is an atteni|)t to make it an easy jnat-
ter to transport vessels over shoals and snags
and .sawyers. The main idea is that of an ajipa-
ratus resembling a nois'less bellows, jilaced on
eacli side of the hull of the craft. Just lielow the
water-line, and worked l)y an odd but not com-
plicated .system cf ropes, valves, and pulleys.
When the keel of the vessel grates . . . these
bellows are to be tilled with jiir ; and thus buoy-
ed up, the ship is expected to float. . . . The
nioch'l is [at the Patent Oflice] about eighteen or
twenty inches ](.ng, . . . whittled with a knife
out of a shiiigh; and a cigar-bo.x. — H.vv.mond's
Lincoln, cli. 1, \>. 42.
297«. . Vhituxf. Tlie Chinese
hase had a inanufactur- of glass for two tliou-
one iiot<' from another. Hut he acce])ted the
oll'er. He studied the philosophical theory of
music, and found that science would be a .substi-
tute foi his want of an ear. — S.mii.ks' iJitiiCF Bi-
o(;i{Ai'iiii;s. ]). ! I,
2950. INVENTION, Great. Spinulnrj Ma-
chine. [Hiciiard ,\rkwriglit, born in I'reston,
I']nglan(l. a barber by trade, invented the spin-
ning-machine in 17(in.] 'l"en years after the date
of his tirst patent liis enterprise ^s as regarded by
man V as adoutitful no \ city. [His right to his in-
ventions was ((nitested, and his mono])oly invad-
ed Ml every side.] In October, 177!>. a mill
wliK h he had erecte<l in the neighboi-h.iod of
("liorley was burned by a mob, w ho in a similar
manner di'stroved the cotton-spinning machinesi
at -Manchester, AVigaii, Blackliurn, Bolton, and
Preston. — Kmoiit's En(,., vol. 7, eh. ;{, \\. 49.
2951 . INVENTION, Growth of, Stm ud F. B.
}f<>rK('. Tliere is no instance on record, I believe,
of a great invention eoni]ileted by . . . one man.
L'sually an invention of first rate im])ortance is
originated in one age, and lirotight to perfection
in another ; aii<l we can sometimes trace its prog'
ress for thousands of years. Prob d>ly so simple
a matter as a pair of scissors — one u\ the oldest
of inventions — was the result of the cogitations
of many ingenious minds, and lias uiuh'rgone
imiirovements from the days of Pharaoh to those
of Hogers it .Sons. The most remarkable case
o' ra])id invention with which I am acquainted
is that of the sewing-machine, which, in twenty-
tive years, has bet'ii bnnight to a ])oint n(.! dis-
tant from perf<'ction. But. then, HioiistiiK/.s of in-
liave exerted themselves upon it !
In the Pateni Othce at Washington no' less than
thirteen hundred dc ices and iinpnn-. ments have
been patented relating to this beriutiful contri-
vance. — C'yci.oi'kuia of Bioo., '.. 604.
Gjxnd years; they have made pajx'r of the bjun-
boo from time immemorial ; and they invented
tlic art of iirintinu' in tlu; lime of .lulius C'u'sar.
Tlie u.sc of gun])ow(kr they Innc jiossessed be-
yond all memory, but they employed it only in
oriiiimental fireworks. They lane been great
ob.servers of the heavens, and prolicients in as-
tronomy, from time immemorial. They were
acfjiiainted witli the eomjiass, but only as a mat-
ter of curiosity, not applying it to navigation. —
TvTi,i:i{'s Hist., Book fi, ch. 24, p. 34(1.
2979. . J<n>u-ii ]V,ilt. A :Masons'
lodge in Glasgow desireil to have an organ, and
he was ;isked t(/ build it. He was totally desti-
tute of a musical ear, and could not distinguish
29§2. INVENTION, Preservation by, Gnrk
Fire. The invention of the tlreek fire did not,
like that of gunjiowder, jiroduce a total revolu-
tion i:i tli(! art of war. To these liipiid combus-
tibles the city and empire of Constantine owed
their deliverance ; and they were employed in
sieges and sea-tights with terrible ellect. — Criii-
hon's Home, ch. 53, ]>. 3(i7.
2983. INVENTION, Saved by. Tl„ Slat,-. Tlie
only hope of .' alvation for the Greek Em])ire and
the adjacent kingdoms would have been sonu?
more powerful weapon, some dit.'overy in tne
art of war, that should give them a d''cisi\e su-
ju'riority over their Turkisli foes. Such a wea])-
on was in their hands ; such a discovery had been
made in the critical moment of their fate. The
chemists of China or Euroi)e had found, by cas-
ual or elaliorate experiments, that a mixture of
saltpetre, sulphur, and charcoal iiroduces, with
a spark of fire, a tremendous exjilosion. It wa.s
.soon ol)served that if the expansive force were
compressed in a strong tube, a ball of stone or
iron might be expelled with irresistible and de-
structive velocity. The precise era of the in-
vention and ai>plication of gimi)owder is iinolved
in (ioubtfnt traditions and e(|uivocal language ;
yet we may clearly discern that it was known
before the middle of the fonrteentli century ; and
that before the end of the same the use of artil-
lery in battles and sieges, by sea and land, wa*'
faiiiiliar to tiie states of Germany, Italy, fcjpaia
INVENTION— IN VESTIOATIOX.
353
France, and Kii^hmil. — Gihuon's IJomk, cli. (ir),
]). 2Hi».
SM»N.|. INVENTION, Useful. Ch.Knwqi ,hrome .
Ill' iiivciilcd llic (Ileal) l>i'a.ss cIik'U, as now
made, lie it was wlio invented the inu-eiiioiis
maeiiinery liy tiie us(! of wiiieli tiiose clocks can '
lie ninnut'actui'ed fora tenth of the sum for which
they could lie produced liy hand. He it was who
first sent Yankee clocks to foreiirn countries. He
it was wlio tirst made these clocksat anylhiiii;' like \
the (ireseiii rate of s]>eed or on aiiytliini,^ like the
present s<ale. Duriiiu; the lifly years that he
lias heen in the liusiness, hi s superinteiiik'd ,
the inanufiictiire of |ierhai.> ten niillions of
i'locks, and he has hroiiiiht the machinery for
inaiciiiL' them to such ii i)oint tiiat si.\ men can
make the wheels for one thousand clocks in ten i
hours— C'vci.oi'iMii.v OK Hiod. p. 210. j
29<«»."i. INVENTION, Useful. Pit!r.>,i. [Dr.
•lolni Uoehuck, a iiliysician at I5iiinin!,diain. uas i
the tiist to smelt iron liy i)it-coa!. He also in- '
vented the process for converting!; cast-iron into
lu'dlcalilf ii'oii. j — K.Mdiir's Kml, vol. 7, cli. li,
11. 5.-).
•2«!«t«. INVENTION in Youth. Tin ".I/''//-."
ISaniuel Croinpton was sixteen years old when,
111 ITIiU, he invented the " mule," which ('c;j:iij;e(l
the whole course of cotlon-spinninir.] — Kn'cht's
En(!.. vol. 7, ch. '(, p. 4(). I
21»««»;'. INVENTIONS, Co operative. Arkirn<iht
— ll'(//. The patent foi the spinniim^-fraiiie was
taken ou* in 17(1!), the very year in which .James j
Watt patented his imjiroved ste;im-enLMne, which
■was to keep this spinniiiLr-frame in motion. —
C'VCI.OIMCDI.V OK I5l(Hi., p. 711.
!«!>§)!«. INVENTIONS and Politics. ( '"Itoi, Gin .
[One of the subordinate causes of the civil war]
was the invention of the cotton liin liv . . . Kli
Whitne>. in 17!):i, . . . of Massacliuseits. . . . The
industry of the cotton-irrowiii;:: [States was jiaral-
yzed liy the tediousness of iireiiariuLC the suiple
I'or niiirket. .Mr. Whitney undertc.ok to remove
the ditliculty, and succeeded in invcntinn' n uin
which astonished the lieholder liy the rajiidity
and excellence of its work. From iieiiii: iirotit-
less, cotton liecamc the most ])rotitalil( of all the
staples. . , . Whitney's siin added a thousand mill-
ion dollars to the revenues of ;he Southern
Stat s his' in jiroportion to the increased
]irotitalileiie.ss of cotton, slave-lalw-r hecame im-
])orl.int, slaves valualiie, and the system of sla-
very a lixed and (lee])-rooted in>tilution. — ^Kiii
r.vTu's V. S,, ch. iV2. ji. 4s7.
2080. INVENTOR by Accident. Sunn/,! F. Ii.
J/"/-.vc. Durinu the voyauc of the packet ship
Sully, from Havre to New York, in Octolier,
\KVl, a conversation arose one day in the cabin
upon electricity and maixnetism. Dr. Charles S.
.I.ickson, of Boston, deserilied ;iii experiment re-
cently made in Paris with an clectro-inairnct, by
means of which I'lectricity had been tninsmitled
throULjh a n'reat leiiii'tli oi' wire, arranucd in cir-
cles around the walls of a larire apartment. The
transmission had heen instantaneous, and it
.icemcd as tlioui;h the tlii,dit of electricity was too
rapid lo be measured. Amon-;' the ijroup of
passengers, no one listened more attentively to
Dr. .lackson's recital than a New York artist,
named Samuel Finley Hreese .Morse, who was
returnini^ from a three years' residence in Europe,
whither he had irone foi- im|irovement in liisiirt.
" \\'liy," said he, when the doctor had tinished,
" if that is so, and the |ireseiice of electricity
could be made visible in any desired part of Iho
circuit, I see no reason wliy intelliLrence mii,d:t
not be transmitted instantaneously by electrici-
ty." " How convenient it would be," added one
of the passenirers. " if we could send news in that
manner I" " Why can't we '.' " asked Morse, fas-
cinated by the idea. From that hour the subject
oc( upied his thought- ; and he benan f<irtliwitli
to exercise his ^'ankee inii'cnuity in devisiiiLj
the re(piisite apparatus. — ('v(i.oi'i:i)i.\ ok Mioo.,
p. ()U-,>.
amM). INVENTOR, Trials of the. .Inhi, Fih-h.
In all the records of iincntion there is no story
more sad and alTectiiii; than his. Poor he was
in many senses — jioor in purse, ])oor in appear
ance, jioor in spirit. He was born jioor, lived
poor, dieil poor. ... If there evei' was a true
inventor, this man was one. He was one of those
eaiicr souls who would, litevally, coin their own
tlesli to carry their ])(iinl. He only uttered the
obvious truth w hen he said, one d;iy, in a crisis
of his invention, that if he could net tlOObycut-
tinir otT' oiu; of his Iclts, he \^duld uladly ;;ive it
to the knife. . . . In I 7it(» he had the lii'st steam-
boat ever con.slnuted that answcicd the puriiose
of one. — ('v(i.oi'i;i)i.\ ok Hioo., p. 147.
2ft»l. INVENTOR '.vronged. FAi Whit my.
[The cotton nin added a tlioiisand million dol-
lars to tlu- rc\('nue of tiic Southern States. — Uii>-
I'.XTH.] How much did the inventor ^ain by it?
Not one dollar ! .Vssociatini,^ himself with a maa
of cajiital, he went to Connecticut to set up a
manufactory wf cotton ifins. I?ut the simplicity
of the machine was such that any i,'-ood mechanic
who .saw it could make one ; and lonir liefore
Whitney was i-eady to supjiiy machiiu's of his
own m.akiiiij,' there were ^reat munbers in o]i(>ra-
I in all ovei' the cotton States. His patent proved
to be no iirotection to him. If he brouirht a s\iit
for its infrinircnient, no Southern ,iury would
;^ive him a verdict. lie struiTirled on auainst ad-
verse intlnences for tift. yci.rs. In IHOS, when
\ his jiatent expireil, he ir.|ve up the contest, ;iiul
withdrew from the business a poorer man than
, he was on the day when he went, with his hand-
ful of cotton-i)ods, into Mrs, (ireeii('s basement.
|Se(> Nos. bll3, 8115.] — Cv( i.oi'Kn.v uk Bioo.,
p. It'll.
2»»2. . John Kii.i. [.lohnKayis
supiiosed to have invented thetiist spinnimr-ma-
chine. about 17(10, in YorUsliire, Kni^dand. He
invented the " tly-shuttle. ' by which a weaver
could weave twice astasias before.] He was
mobbed out of the country, and die(l in a foreign
land. — K.Nioiti's K.N(;., vol. 7. ch. ;!, p. 14.
299;i. INVENTORS remunerated. Shnrhi. It
was ten years before lloulton •■uid Watt derived
any profit from the discovery [of the steam cn-
iiiiic made by the latter. They had to strui^itle
' against common in'cjudicej. — Knkuit's K.N(i.,
1 vol. 7, ch. :{.
2ft9l. INVESTIGATION opposed. Fimini-utl.
] [Durinu- the reiun of Charles II. ] lV]ns record,'?
! that in the lord treasurer's accounts there was a
sum unaccounted for of over two millions ; and
i that it was thou,i;ht that over t'400,()00 of the
i money voted for the war had nxme into the privy
lr[!
354
I N V KSTIG ATION— .IE ALOUSY
jMiiNc. IFc tlicii siiys iliiit 11 notion (<( n conunis-
sion In inspect tlicaccniinis " makes t lie kinij mid
cdurt mild, tlie kiiii; liiivinn' ^i'.cn urder to my
lord eliiimberliiiii to send to the playiioiises and
lirotli'Is, to liid all the Parliament men that wens
there lo jro to the I'arliaineiil pfeseiitly." The
times were altered since the\ were to lie soiiii'ht
for in eliurehes and conventicles, — Knkuit's
Kno,, vol. I, ch. {.">, p ','24.
'2Mh'i. INVESTIGATION resented, /onl Chir-
iiit/iiii. I Ueiu'ii of ( 'liarles 11. | The i;d\criiment
enira,i,7Ml with the rnited l^rovinc's. The House
ef Commons readily voted sums uni xampled in
our history — sums exceedini;- tlio'^e wliieii had
sup|)orte(l the armies and fleets of Cromwell at
the time when his power was the terror of aM
the world, I5ut such was the evtravaiiaiice, dis-
honesty, and incaiiacitv of those who had sue
(•ceded to his authority, that this liheralitv
proved wor.sc than useless. The .sye(.i)liaiits of
the court, ill-(iualitledt) contend au'ainst theiifcat
men who then directed the . ■inns of llollanil —
ML^'iinst such a statesman as De \VU\. and such a
commaiuh'r as De Riiyter — iiiiide fortunes rapid-
ly, while the sailors mutinied from very iiiiiiiicr,
while the dockyards were un,ij;uiirded, while the
sliijis Were leaky and without, riu'iri"!^'- I' was at
leiiii'th determined to abandon all schemes of of
feiisive war ; and it soon appeared that even a de-
fensive war wie a task too haid for that adminis
trillion. . , . Mill when the Commons liciran to
in((uire in what maimer the money voted for the
war had lieeii wastiMJ, ar.d to e.\aiiiiiie into the
maladministi-alion of tic navy, he l''inied with
indiy:iiation. Such iiupiiry, a<-cordini; to him,
was out of their pnivince. — .M \c \ii,.\v's Est; .
eh. 2, \<. lT!t.
2900. INVESTIGATION, Startling. Criill:
Mdhilicr. Tl:<' Credit Mohilicrof America was a
joint stock company, or.uani/.ed in istlij for the
purjiose of facilitatiiiL!; the construction of public
works. In IStiT another company wliicii had un-
dertaken to build the I'acilic Kaiiroad purehas( d
the charter of the Credit Mobilicr. and the cap
ital was iucivtased to .f8.7.")(»,()(l(l. |Ii was very
prolitable ; , . . the st>;;'k rose rapidly in value. |
In IST'J a lawsuit in Peimsyhania, developed the
startlim;' fact that much oi' \\\r stock . . . n-iis
.nritid hjl iiK iii/k rs nf ('iinijii ks, \ suspicion that
those members hail voted corruptly on the leiris-
lation atTectiiiLT the i'acilic Railroad at once
seized the |>ublic mind, and led to a contrressiotnil
investiuation, in the course of which many scan
dalinis transactions were brouLiht to liirht. — Hid-
I'.vnis U, S,, eh. (IS, p. ,-)(:().
29»r. INVESTMENT, Timely. \, '/■ Ynrk. a. n.
Ki'Jt!. Hitherto the Diilcli had no title to owiier-
.-hipof the land. [ I'etcr| .Minuit |tlic leaderof tlic
I )utcli idloni-ts] siiceecded at once in ])urelu; -iiii;'
the i--land of .Manhattan from its native projiric-
tors. The price paid was (id i^uildcrs — about ."t!"-?.")
— for more than twenty thousand acres. — i;.\n
ciioi-'T's U. S., vol. 'J, c!i. 1.-).
5J09W. IRON, Importance of, Eh<ihti,'l Wlirt
miuhty clfoi'ls of iincntioii and eiicri;y between
'liuland depending:' upon foreiirn countries for
n. and Kni:land supplying' the ^\ hole world
II iron ' I-Jiudand without iron to hold ioi;eiher ,
its wooden walls, ".md Knulaiid biiildiiiir iron j
nips — usim;- iron as the jireat material of the i
grandest as well as t Ik; hum bh"^! purjiosesof con- I
struelive art — coverimr the whole island with
iron roads for vehicles drawn by iron eiinines,
I comiectiiiir opposite hills by iron viiiducts, and
I carryiiiLT iron bridges over the niirrowcst river
and the broadest estuary — the Eiiirliind of every
tool and every machine produced from iron, and
the l']iii;lan(l with .scarcely iron eiiouirh to make
its iiloimhshares. — Kmoiit's K.no,, vol. 5,(11, 1,
p. II.
UfMM*. IRON prized. Kiivlji (U'crkit. Itisprojier
, to observe I hat iron, though known before this
period, was a rare metal, and accounled of \\vi\\
value, Achilles jiroposcd a ball of iron as one of
the prizes in the funeral iiames which he cele-
brated in honor of I'alidcliis. It wasii.t used
in the fabrication of weapons of war. These
! were formed of copper hardened by an admi.vl-
iire of tin ; and excii in much later periods the
Roman swords were of the .same compound
ineliil. — TvTi.KH's Hist., Hook 1, cli. f^, ]>. 7i),
.104)0. ISOLATION, Safety by. (u n/„ni Siatrs.
I In their early history | (liemost formidabh Slates
r)f (jrermany airected to encompass their territo-
ries with a wide frontier of solitude and devas-
tation. The aw fill distance jireserved by their
neii,dibor.s attested the terror of their arms, and
in some measure defended them from the dan-
trer of unexpected incursions.- -Gihiio.n's Ro.mk,
ch, !>, |i. 27.-).
:MMH. itineracy, Ministerial. .Uit/iodint.
[The tirst Methodist psachers in America
ehaimcd th'.ji- circuits every six months.] In
IS(M the (iciieral Conference limited the jieriod
of jiastoral .service to two successive yeifs to the
saiiu^ cliaruc ; hithc'to there had been no re
striclion, ai'd some had l)e<'ii three years in one
appointnicnl. In ls(l-l the limitation was ex-
tended to three years.-- ^i- .KNs'M. E. CmiK'ii,
vol, 4, p. 17!).
aOihi. JEVLOUSY, Appeal to. \'u/t.,ir,'s. [He
was invited tortideat Frederick's coiirt. His
malice occasioned hesitation.] Fn .lerick, with
Uicat dexterity. atTccted iiidilTerence, and seemed
inclined to i; ,iisf( r his idolatry to liaculard
d'Aiuaud. His .Majesty excii wrote some bad
verses, of which the sense was, that Voltaire was
a settiiiu- sun, and that Arnaiid was rising'. (!ood-
iialurcd friends s"oii carried the lines to Voltaire,
1I( was !m his bed. He jumped out in his shirt
danc'Ml about the room with iiil^c, and sent for his
passport a;id his post-hi;.'ses ]aiid went to Prus-
sia]. — .Mac.m i.w's Fiu;i)i;m(.K iiik (tkk.ai',
|). (12.
;'MM>:t. JEALOUSY, Cruelty of. ('oi,ti/io,/iis. ()\u'
e\-eiiirm-, as the emiieror was retur',in^' to the
palace tlrounii a dark and narrow portico in the
amphitheatre, an assassin, who waited his [las-
satre, rusheil upon him with a drawn sw(,rd,
loudly exclaiminir, " 77/i S< tmtt >« inh j/ini tluK."
'V\\v menace |)revented the deed ; the a.ssassin
was .s( izi'd by the guards, and immediately rc-
\ caled the auih.irsof the conspiracy. It had been
formeil, not in the State, but w ithin the walls of
the iialacc. Liicilla, the emperor's sister, and
widow of Lucius \'crus. impatient of the second
r.'ink, and jealous of the reiu'iiiiii;' empress, had
armi'd the murderer iiLrainst her brother's life —
GiiiHo.Ns Ro.mk, ch. t, p. 11)4.
JIOO-l. JEALOUSY. Extensive. F,ii,iJ. Abdal-
lali was the most iieautiful and modest uf thf
.k
•Rl
.IKAI-OrSY— .IKSIITS.
.).)y
Aniliiaii yniilli ; mid in llic lirsi imltIiI, wlini lie
(■onsiiiniiialid his ni,'ii'iiM;,''c wilii Aiiiina, nf llic
iiolilc lacc (if tiic ZaIirilcM. tun liuiKlrcil viri^iiis
arc said to liasc expired ot jeMluiisy and despair. ',
— OlIlIloNs HoMK, ell. :>(), p. 100,"
:|<M>'>. JEALOUSY, National. KihjIIsI,. [In
17^0 liie pe(i|)le of Kliiriaiid v.cre i^ciieraliy unit-
ed witii tile ii'overmiieiil in tiie priisee\ili(iri of tlie
war au;aiiist llie Aiiierieaii cnioiiies. France liad
conic to llieiraid, and prejudiee in KiiLrlaiid was
vc''- stronif against tliai counlry, | Hartley writes ,
to Franlclin : " 1 verily liejicxc, soM-rcal is'tlie jeal-
ousy between lOnuiand and France, that, tliis
co\intry would li;;iil lor a straw to the last man
aiiil llic last sliillinu' rallier than lie dictated to 1
hv France."— KNK^urs Kno., vol. 0, ch. 2K, '
p". I'JS. I
:tOO<(. JESTING, Danger of. I), m. r.iliziiKj.
'I'hcspis l)ei,raii to clianuc tlic fonn of tragedy,
and the novelty of the IhitiL;' allracled many spec-
tators ; for this was before any iirize was pro-
posed for those that excelled in this respect. So- ,
ion, who was .always williui,'' lo hear and to learn, i
and in his old aire more inclined to anytliini,'' that
miij:lit divert and cntcrt.ain, iiarlicidarly to music
and <;()od fellowship, went to M'i' Thespis him-
self exhibit, as the custoni of the ancient jioets
was. When the i)lay was done, hi calleil to
'i'hesijis, and asked him if he was not ashamccl
to tell so many lies before so i;re;U an a,ssi'nd)ly
Tiicspis answered it was no iircat matter, if
he spoke or acted so in jest. To which Si! on re-
plied, sfvikinu; thcHTound violently with 1- ^talV,
" If we encourasxe such jesting as this, w i sh.all
(piickly tind it in our conlr.acts and ai;reemenl'-."
— I'l.rT.xin us Sol. ON
;«>07. JESUITS abolished, Kiijlitu nth CNtuni.
Hooks were wi'ittcii witiioiii number to expose
their arlitic'c and ambilion. Their frauds, their
vices, and even alrociou-; crimes were loudly
jiroclaimcd ; and it was tn'gcd, with great reason,
that the doctrines which they taught and the
maxims they inculcate(l wer'MMpially pernicious
'.1 religion, to civil govcrnmciit, and !o all the
interests of society. The --ovcrciiins of the dit'-
fereiit Catholic kingdom^, liy (lci;rces, began to
])erceivc thai their power and even jiersonal se-
curity was in danger, and the .lesiiits were suc-
cessively expelled from France, from Spain,
from Forlugal, and from Sicily ; and such at
length was the intluence of the house oi' Uour-
lion with the Holy Sec. that the order was en
tirely suppressed .and abolished in ITT^i. — Tvr
I. Kit's llisr. , I.ook (i. ch. 1!», p. "JS.-).
;IOON. JESUITS, Achievements by, J >/■■<// ni/n/s/i -
ul. Hel'ore the order had i.'xistcd a hundred
years, it had tilled the whole world with memo-
ri- 's of grc.'it things done and sulVcrcd for the
faith. No reli.':ious community cmild priducc
a list of men so variously distinguished ; nonc'liad
extended its operations onci- .so \ast a sp.acr ; yet
in none had ihere ever been such ])erfect unity
of feeling and action. Thci'c was no region of
the globe, no w.-ilk ol s|)eculalive or of active
life, in whicii ,Ie-.iiits were not to be found.
They guidcil the counsels of kings. They deci
phered Latin inscri]itions. They observed the
motions of .lupiters satellites. 'I'liey ])ublislied ■
whole libraries, conlrover.--y, casuistry, history,
treatises on optics, Alcaic odes, editions of the i
fathers, madrigals, ciitechisms, and lampoons. .
The liberal education of youlli passed almost
entirely into their hiinds, and was conducted by
them with conspicuouH ability. They apjicii' to
liiive discovered the precise point to which inlcl
lectual culture can be carried without risk of
intellectual emaiuipation. — ,M.\( .\i i..\v's F.no.,
ch. (i, p. 50.
:t<N>9. JESUITS, Assassination by, II, urn IV.
A daring attemiil |was| made upon his life by ii
voung .Icsuit named Chastel, whowiaindcd him
ill the mouth with a dagger as he re cntcri'd I'aris
from .\iuiens. This crime wiis imputed, with or
without rc.'ison, lo the instigation of the King of
Spain ; it furnished ground for an exemi)laiy
( iiastisement of the order of the Jesuils, who
were sentenced to banisliment from the kinij;doiu
within fifteen days by a decreeof the I'arliament
of Paris, (lie was killed by ii monk.] — Sti:-
DKNTS' Fli.XNCK, ch. IS, ^ 7. '
«OIO. . Willunn of Oraiinr. Will-
iam, Prince of Orange, had fallen beneath tho
blow of an assassin, hired, it is more than sus|)ecl-
e<l, by the King of Sjiain, and directed by ilio
.Icsiiiis. — Sii i)i;.N'rs' Fii.v.Nci;, ch. 17, ;; 7.
3011. JESUITS estranged, liiiijn "f Jumi.t
II. Louis XI\'. was now theii- chief suiijiort.
His ei)nsriencc had. fioin boyhood, been in their
keeping; and he had learned fi'oin them to ab-
hor .Jansenism (piite as much as he abhorred
Protestanlism, and \eiy much more than he ab-
horred .■itheism. Iiuiocent XL. on the other
hand, leaned to ihc .lansenist ojiinions. The
consci|uence w.as. ihal the society found itself in
a situation never conlein|)lated by its founder.
The .lesuils were estranged from tiie suprcnu;
pontilT, and they were closely allied with a
prince who ])r()claimed himself the champion of
the (riillican libci'tics uid the enemy of I'llra-
montane |iretensions M.\( a i i \ ^ s IOm;. . ch. ti,
p. Tu.
3012. JESUITS, Mission of. I 'nsiHui^nUtm, .
They glided from one Protestant counlry to an
other under innunurable di-gniscs, as gay cava-
liers, a.-- simple rustics, a I'uril.an i)reacliers.
They wandered to countries v^liich neither mer-
cantile avidity nor liberal curio'-ity had ever iin-
pelled any stranger lo explore. They were to he
i'ound in the garb of Mandarin-, superintending
the obscrvaloiy at Pekin. Tliev were to lie
found, spade in hand, teaching ihe rudiments of
.'igriculturc to the sa\ ages of I*aragu;i_\ . Vet,
whatever might be their residence, whatever
might be their eniiiloymcnl , Ihcir spirit was the
same — entire devoticjii to Ihe common cause, im-
jilicit obedience to the central aullKuity. — M.v-
(M'L.w's Lno. , eh. ('), p, -"il,
:tOi:i. JESUITS, Plotting of. Cnnpninlrr Plot.
I When (luido Faw kcs w.-is examined after his
arrest, the kingii>kcd,| ■ Why woidd you have
killed me ','" •■ l!ec!iu--e yon arc excommunicated
by the pope," was the re|)ly. "How so V"
said .lames. ■ i;\ery Maundy Thursday Ihe jiopit
(lolli excommunicale all heretics who are not
of Ihe Church of Rome." is the ex])laliation.
[Various bodies of Roman Catholics were mo\'-
ing on that perilous ,Tth of November to Dun-
church, which was the place of rendezvous, by
arrangement. I They were all followers of tlic
Jesuils. There wci'c none of Ihe conspirators
who belonged to the more loyal body of Catlio-
A
;5.j(i
.IHSl .ITS.
lies, vlio were jj;ui(l('il liy llic scciilnr pricslliood.
— Knkiiit's Kn(i., vol. :i, cli. 21, p. :VJfl.
SOI-I. JESUITS, Popularity of. Kiulidfiith <'<■!!-
t'lri/. Il WHS not strung;-!' lliiU people of nil ranks,
uimI especially people of the lii;j:lies( nmUs,
crowded to tlie eoiifessioimls in the. Jesuit tem-
ples, for from those confessiomils none went dis-
contented ;iw;iy. There the priest wiis all liiini;s
to , all men. lie sIiowimI just so much rif^^or as
nMi:lii not drive those who knelt at his spiritual
triliiinal to the Donnnican or the Franciscan
Church. If he had to deal with a mind truly
de\out, h(! spoke in the saintly tone of the prim-
itive fathers ; hut with that very laru;e ])art of
mankind wiiohave reiiirion enoujih to makethem
uneasy when they <lo wroiitr, and not relijrioii
enouiili to kee|) them from (loiiij;' wroiiii', he fol-
lowed u very dilTerenl .system. Since lie could
not reclaim them from i;uil', it was his husiness
to save them from remorse. He hadi;t hiscom-
inand an inunenst! dispensary of anodynes for
wounded consciences. — M.\tAii,.\Y's EN(i.,ch, (5,
p. 0-2.
itOia. JESUITS, Power of. Elujitmith Cn-
tiiri/. Straniidy were i;-ood luid evil intermi.xed
in the character of these celebrated brethren ;
and the internii.xlure was the secret of thcii'
jligantic power. That powei' could never iiave
belonired to mere hypocrites. It could never
liave belonired to ri^id moralists. It was to lie
attained only by men sincerely enthusiastic in the
pursuit of a i^n-eat end, and at the same tim(! uii-
8cru]iidous as to the clioice of means. — .M.vc.vt;-
LAy's E.N(i., ch. (j, p. .W.
30I«. JESUITS, Purpose of. FJijhti'cuth CV/i-
tury. Tlie.I(,'suits, therefore, to the three vows of
poveity, ch.astity, and monastic obedience addi'd
a fourth, which was im|)licit devotion to the pope.
The manifest utility of this institution to the suj)-
port of the holy see ])rocured them from Pope
Paul III. an apostolic bull, j^n'antini^ them tlie
most ami>le ])rivileires. It was soon perceived
that, if confined to their cloisters, their utility
would be too nuich circumscribed. They were
allowed to mingli' in the world, and to take a
share in all the active concerns of public life,
which it was their duty to inlluence and direct
assiduously tow.ard the ureal end of establish-
inir the ])ow(!r and authority of the iiopedom ;
and this end, it nuist be owned, they most zeal-
ously promoted. Under the conunand of a
.su])erior, or ijencr.d of the order, whose instruc-
tions thu}' were bound to receive with imi)licit
submission, they dis])er.sed themselves over the
^^reatest jiart of the ,ii;l()l)e. l?y the most insinu-
atiiii; arts they courted the favor and wrought
themselves into the contidence of stal; >:Mien, of
civil and ecclesiastical u:overnors, and of sover-
c'v^w jirinces ; and operatini; on all to the same
purpose, and rcirularly communicati:!^' their in-
telliireiice to their head, from whom the\ r^'ceived
their instructions, the whole Catholi • world
was in a m.uiiier directed by one ureat and |)er-
vadini;- system of ])olicy, which cetitred \\\ the
fstablishment of the pope's sui)reme 'ieni|,o-
ral and spiritual jurisdiction. — Tvri,i;i{'s Him'..
Book *1. ch. 1!). ]), -JM.-..
«Oir. JESUITS, Kesuued by, Pai>,trii. In tie
si.xtccnth century llie pontilicate. exposed to new
danirers more formidable than had ever before
threatened it, wi'.s saved bv a n(;w I'elinioua order,
which was animated by intense enthusiasin and
orj^anized with exipiisite skill. When tiiu
. Jesuits came to the icscue of the jiapacy, they
found it in extreme ])eiil ; but from that mo-
ment the tide of battle turned. Protestantism,
which h.id, durinji' a whole iiencndion, carried
all before it, was stojiiied in its progress, and
rapidly beaten back from the foot of the Alpsto
the shores of the Baltic, — .M.\(Ari,.^v's E.NO.,
ch. (}, ]). 5(1.
ttOIH. JESUITS, Self-sacriflce of, Ihmnilfnre.
When in our tinu' a new and terrible ])eslilencc
jiasscd r<iuiid the nlolie ; when in some great
cities fe.ar had ilissolved all the ties which hold
society together ; when the .secular clergy liad
deserted their flocks ; when medical succor was
not to be ]iurchased by gold ; when the strong-
est natural alVections had yielded to the love of
life, even then the .lesuit was found by the ])al-
let which bishop and curate, jihysician and nurse,
father and motiier, had deserted, bending over
iidected lips to catch the faint accents of confes-
sion, and holding uj) to the last, before the ex-
])iring penitent, the image of the cxjiiring He-
deemer. — .M.\(Ati,.\Y's Eno., ch. <>, p. 'A.
3010. JESUITS vs. the State. Tn Kiiubnid.
[The .lesuits invaded England in l.")8(), for the
purjiose of restoring it to the Roman faith. It
was a ])rinci])le with them that the \io\w had a
right to (le|)rive kings of their crowns, which
could not be doubted. They were severely pun-
ished when they obstinately maintained the
pope's bidl deitrivinif the(|ueen of the crown.] —
IxNifiiiT's Eno., vol. ;i, ch. VI, p. ISO.
3<M20. JESUITS suppressed. //// Unrcrnvu-nt.
TIk^V had been ex|)elled from Poilugal, in 17r)!),
with many (/dious circumstances of severitj-. In
17()4 their society was sujiitresscd in France,
and their iirojjcrty contiscated. In 1767 \\w.
members of the order were driven old of iSpain.
On the !51st of .Inly, 177:5, the society was
abolished by Pope Clement XIV. (Their func-
tions, liouses, and institutions were abolished.] —
Kmout's Enc, vol. 0, ch. 21, p. 1527.
3021. JESUITS, Vices of. Tuifiiict'ritii. It wa?
allegeil, and not without foundation, that thear
dent |)ubli<; s])irit which made the .Jesuit regiird-
lesH of his ease, of Ids liberty, and of his life
made idm also regardl-'ss of truth and of mercy
thid no means which could ])romote the ...
terest of his religion seemed to him uidawful,
and that by the interest of his religion he too
often meant tlu? interest of his society. It
was alleged that, in the most atrocious ])lots re-
cordcil in history, his agency could be distinctly
traced ; that, constant oidy in attachment to the
fraternity lo which he belonged, he was in some
couidriesthe most dangerous enemy of freedom,
and in others the most dangerous enemy of or-
tler. — .Macaci.ay's ?]N(i., ch. (!, j>. .')2.
iiKr^'Z. JT:2^titS, 'Victories of. Fir t i ( ion s.
The nughty victories »vliich he [the .Jesidt]
boasted that he had .achcved in the c.'inse of the
Chun h were, in the judunient of many illustri-
ous mendiers of that Church, rather apparent
than ri'al. He ..ad, indeed, labored with a won-
derful show of success to reduce the W(>rld
under her laws, but lie had done so byre' '.'■■'
her laws to suit the temixT of tin; w •id. in
stead of toilimr to elevate human n i;.i ■• ( 1".
,n;\vi:M{Y— .lov.
;r)7
n()()l(' Kfaiidiini Uxod by divine ])rc(cpt iind ex
iiiiii)lc, Iw liiid lowered ilicstiiiKi.ird till it wiislie-
iieiilli tile iivernire level of ImiiuiM niitiire. lie
irloried in nudlilndes of coiiverls wlio had lieeii
l)iil)li/ed ill llie I'eiiiote regions (if the Hast ; liut
it WHS reported that truiii some of these eoiiv.Tls
the filets on wliicli tile whole Iheolou'V of the (ios-
jiel de|)eiids had lieeii ( iiiiiiin,i,dy eoiieealecl, and
that others were i)eriiiitted to avoid iierseeiition
hy tiowiiiLf down before the iniaijesof false irods,
while internally repeatini;' I'aters and Aves. —
M \( Ai lay's IOn(!., ell. (!, p. •">:!.
ItO'I'.i. JEWELRY, Passion for. Jlmri/ VII.
[It is said] his desire for the ae((uireineiit of jew-
els seareelv kr.ew anv hounds; and on them
ahaie he spent tllO.O'oO. It appears . . . that
this investment of money in jewels was a pai't of
the lial)iliial prudence of the kini^.- — KsKiiir's
Eno , vol. 2. eh. 15, p. 2:m.
:t02<l. JOKE accepted. Liioaln'inoniiiitit. \\\
the |)iihlie tables, where all the people ate' in com-
nioii, jlliey were allowed to jest without scurrility,
and were not to take it ill when the raillery was
returned. For it irtix nrkomi/ irortlin of a Lan-
diviKdiiidii tdliKir (I jest ; but if iiiiy one'.-; ])atience
f.'dled, he had only lO desire tliein to be (piiet,
and they left oil' inunediately. — l'i,rrAi{(ii's
Ltvi:s.
.'tOSA. JOKES, Practical, h'irdi-rick the (Imit.
He had one taste which may be jiardoiied in a boy,
but which, when habitually and delilieralely in-
(lulfTcd in by a man of mature aire and sli-onn' un-
derstanding-, is almost invariably the siirn t)f a
bad heart — a taste for severe iiractical jokes. If
a friend of the kinu^ was fond of dress, oil was
fluiiir over his richest suit. If he was fond of
money, some prank was invented to make him
disliurse more than lie could sjjare. If he was
hypochondriacal, he was made to believe he had
the dropsy. If he i)arlicularly set his heart on
visiting a place, a letter was forced to friniiten
hii.i fi'om j;oiii!x thither. — Ma(aii,.\v's Fkkd-
KUicK Tin: Gi{i;a'1', p. 'u.
;10'2«. JOURNEY, Bridal. TIioiikih Jiffiriuni.
At sunset they reached the seal of one of their
nciulibors, which was eii^ht miles from .Monti-
cell.) — the road to which was a rou>.;li mountain
track, upon wliicli the snow lay to the depth of
two fe' t. Late at niirlit, exliausted ivitli thcii-
hjuff joui'iiey, and iieiietrated with the cold, they
reached the house, to find the tires all out, and
the ser\. Ms all u'one to their own cabins for the
niirht. Not a liiihl was burniiiij; ; not a spark of
lire was left ; not a morsel of food couid be
found ; and not a creature? was in the house.
This was a .sorry welcome to a bride and bride-
j,n'oom ; but they were youni.: and merry, and
jnade a jost of it. — Cvci.di'KDIa ok Hioo., p. I'Jl.
;iOar. journey. Tireless. T, i,(h (',i,f>in/, A
matron of Peloponnesus, who had cherislied the
infant fortunes of Hasil tlie Macedonian, was
excited by tenderness or vanity to visit tlie great-
ness of her ado|)ted son. In a journey of tive
hundred miles from I'atras to ('onstanlinojile,
her n'^i' or indolence declined the fatio-ue of a
horse or cjirriai,^e ; the soft littt'r or bed of Dan-
ielis was transpiiiied on the shoulders of ten ro-
bust shu'es : and as llicy woi'e relieved at ea^.y
distances, a band of three hundred were selected
for the performance of tliis seivic(.'. She was
entertained in the Myzantine palace with lilial
reverence, and the honorsof a (lueeii. — (iiiilioN's
Ro.MK, eh. ");(, p. ;{,")•,'.
JlO'iW. JOY of Discovery, dii/ilm. He invent-
ed the theinioineter and improved the compass.
Hearing' one day, by chance, that some one in
Holland hail invented a contrivance by which
distant objects could be .seen as tluaiirli they
were near, he entered upon ii cour.se of experi-
ments which, in a lew days, resulted in the eou-
slruction of a teleseo|ie. At once he bciran to
use the new instrunu'iit in the study of thelic.'iv-
ens. To his boundless wonder and deliL;ht, ho
discovci'cd that the moon, like the earth, had lier
mountains and her \alleys : that the planet .lu-
l)iler went his I'caind accompanied bv four moiais;
thai the Milky Way was comiiosed of innumer-
able stars ; and that there were spots upon the
sun. — ('v(i,()1m;i)IA ()!•■ Hiod., [i. 'M'i.
30!2». JOY, Fatal, h'.rjilorrrs. Dias had sta-
tioned a small store-ship in one of the bays on
the coast of (Juiiiea, which he left in charp' of a
purser and a su'.all crew. Duriiu,'' his lony' ab-
si'iice disease had reduced the number o|' this
little band, until none remained but the purser
and twoorthrce sick, despaiiiiii:' sailors. When
at last the purser saw in the dist.anci' the wcU-
' known vessel of his cominander, such was the
I shock of his joy that he fell dead ujioii the deck
of his v'cssel. — ( 'v( i.oi'KDiA oi'' I5i(>(;., ii. 2b6.
I
I :i030. JOY intoxicating, ^WUiiKjini,. [When
j W( llinjiton was pursuinulhe routeil French from
i Waterloo, he rode witli the advanced jruard. ]
'■ Colonel llervey. who was with him, advised liini
to desist, as the country was irrowinir less open,
and hemiuht be fired at by some stra tillers from
behind Ihehedi^fes. " Let them tire away, " he re-
jilied : " the battle is wcin, and my life is of no val-
I ue now." — Knioii'i's K.N(i., vol". 8, ch. 2, p. !30.
\ !10;J I. JOY, Public, HcinnofJamesn. [Ac-
(piittal of till' se\-en bisliojis who refused to join
the kin.i;- in overt hrowniir the Protestant faith.]
The jury a|)i)eared in their box, and there w.a.s
a breathless stillness. Sii' Samuel Astry s]ioke.
" Do you tind the defendants, or any of them,
j^uilty of the misdemeanor whereof they are im-
lieaciicd, or not f^uilty V" Sir Ho<j;er Lauirley
answi'rcd, " Not jruilty." As the words pa.ssed
his li]is, Halifax s])ranji' uji and wavi'd his hat.
At that siiiiial benches and j;alleries raised a
j shout. In a moment ten thousand persons, who
crowded the^reat hall. re])lied with a still loud-
er shout, which made the old oaken roof crack ;
and in another moment the innumerable throiiLi;
without set up a third huzza, whicli wa.s heard
at Tei.iple Bar. The boats which co\ej-ed the
I Thames <j;ave an answcriiiu' cheer. A jieal of
i;uni)()W(lcr was heard on the water, and another,
I and another : and so, in a few momeiUs, the
i i.dad tidin.irs went (lyiiiir pas! the Savoy and the
! Fri;irs to London lirid^e, and 'o the "forest of
I masts below. As the news s|)read, streets and
! s(|Uares, maiket places and coireelKuises, broke
I forth intoacclamations. ^'et were the acclama-
■ tioiis less stranu^e than the weepinir ; fortliefeel-
! injrs of men had been wound up to such ajioint,
j that ;it lenjitli the stern English nature, so little
I used to outward siirns of emotion, L'ave way,
j aial thousands sol)bed aloud for ery joy. —
' .Mai AL LAYS Em;., cli. 8, p. 3o5.
y.
1^
j
i u
358
.IIHILKE-JUDGMENT.
30:W. JUBILEE, National. Ih-itM,. (TlK-Sruli
of Ocldhcr, |M(I)», I WHS (clclirMtcd llinmj^lioiit
tlic Uiim(l(im|(>4' (Jrcal i$iiliiiii| ii.s " tlic.Iultilcu"
— the titliclli Miiriivcrsiiry of (lie a. •cession lo tlw;
throne of (Jror!i;c III. — Knkuit's Eng., vol. 7,
ell. :2i), |). ,-)•,>(!,
:tO:t:i. JUDGE, Dishonorable. H(/;/ii of . /nines
Jl. Ii was, iiiilccd, ncci'ssary to ijo very low
down ill tile \v'^i\\ profession before men couid
be found willinj;' to render siieli services as were
now re(iuired. Tlie new c'liicf jiisiice, Sir Holi-
crt Wriixlit, was iirnorant to a proverl) ; yet i;r.
norance was not ids worst lauit. His vi("es Juid
ruined him. He jiad resorted to infamous ways
of raisini,' money, and had, on one occasion,
inade a false atlldavit in order to olitain |)osses-
sion of t'5()(). Poor, dissolute, and shameless,
he had !)(■( nine oiKMif tlu! parasites of JetVreys,
who promoted him and insulted him. Sw'cli
was the man who was now .selected hv James
to be lord chief justice of Entjland.— M.vcAi-
l.vy'sExo.. ch. 8, p. 'ZrvA.
30.'t'l. JUDGES despised, Athfiiinnx. Aiiachar-
sis liaviiiir seen an assemhiy of llie |)eople at
Athens, said he ina.i xitriirined at tliin. Unit in
Urecw irusf nirn. filcaded cdnneK, tinil J'ooIk (tctcr-
miiu'd them. — 1'i,i;t.\U('ii.
3035. JUDGES, Impartial. IhirUj (ireekx.
They were chosen from amouij the wi.sest and
most respectable of the citizens, and in the latter
times consisted principally of such as had en-
joyed the diuiiity of archons or chief mairis
trates. They held their meetini,rs in the open
air. upon au eminence in the middle of the city,
and determined all ciiu.sts durinif the ni;,dit ; for
tlie.se two reasons, as Athena'us informs us, that
neither the number nor tin' faces of the judfri'S
l)eing known, there nufi^ht be no attempts to
corrupt them ; and that, as they neither saw the
plaintltT nor defendant, their decisions minht be
quite iiniiartial. — Tyti.kh's Hist., Book I, ch. 0.
p. Tw.
3036. JUDGES, Justice by. Aiu'ie.nt Persiitim.
The soverei^rn. in certain causes of importance,
.sat himself in jud^nusnt ; thou;.?h in the ordinary
admini.''Tr;tti(j'n of justice there were a certain
number of judi;('s cliosen, on account of their
acknowled^''ed wisdom ,ind probity, who made
regular circuits throu;;^li the provinces, and at-
tended the s(jverei;:rn in his slated visitations of
lii-' dominions. These held their offices for life,
))Ui wer( removable in cases of malversation, j
The story is well known of the jud,i,'e who, !
Ijeiiii; iruiliy of corruption in his hiifh function, ',
\\A< by Camliyses condemned to be ttaved alive,
and his skin liunii; over the seat of jii(I;;;ment. —
TvTi.i.ii's Hist., Hook 1, ch. 11, ].. 121.
3037. JUDGES, Partisan. Reiy/nofJainesIf.
Vast numlicrs of those unhapi)v jirisoners who ,
were taken ,ifl<'r the defeat of .Monmouth were i
hanired without any form of trial ; and the e.\e- [
(Table Jiidire .Jellreys tilled the kintrdoir. with ;
daily executions under the sanction of justice.
]\Iany of these trials w(Te attended with the
most ini(iuilous procediire ; but all appiicalions
to lh(.' king lor jianlon w<'re checked by a <lecla-
ration that he iiid promised to forgive none
who sh(juld b(^ legally condemned. " When
tlie bench is under the direction of the cabinet,
trials are consi)iracies. and executions are mur-
ders." — Tytlkk's Jlisr., Hook 2, ch. 3U, ]). 425.
303f«*. JUDGES, Reputable. Atheinan. The
judges (>'■ ,'he Areo|)agus were chosen from
among the m osI respectable of the citizens, and
were gcncrallv such as had dis(h;irged the ollice
of archon. 'In, most scrnpnloiis allenlion was
paid to character in the election of tin judges.
'I'he slightest imputation of immonn a sin-
gle act of indecency, (tr even of in 'oniing
levity, was sullicient to dis(|nalify froiii 'lain-
ing a seat in that tribunal, or to forfeit a place
after it laid been conferred. To be found in a
tavern was such a stain on the character of a
judge that it Wiis deeme(l a snilicieiit rea.son of
exclusion from that ollice. " Let no .\reopagile,"
says the Athenian laws, " compose a comedy."
That judge was justly thought to have prostitut-
ed his character who had stooped to employ his
talents in ftu'iiishing a frivolous amusement for
the ])eople. — Tvti.ku's Hist., Hook 1, ch. 10,
|>. 102.
3030. JUDGMENT, Dishonest, ./mnen II.
[James wished a justilicitioii I'or a|i|)ointing
("atholics to otlice contrary to law.| .lones, the
chief justice of the ( 'ommon I'leas, a man who
I had never before shrunk from any drudgery,
! however cruel or servile, now held in the royal
j closet language which might lia\'e become the
' lip.s of the purest magistrates in our history.
He was plainly told th.at he must give up eithei
his opinion or his ])lace. "For my place," lie
answered, "J care little. I am old, and worn
out in the servic(,' of the (Town ; but I am mor-
titie(l to find that ytviv Majesty thinks me ca|ia-
bleof 'ivinga judgment whi'h none but an igno
ranlor a iishonest man C(»uld give. ' " 1 am deter
mined," said the king, " to have twelve judges
who will be all of my mind as to this matter."
"Your Majesty," aiis'vend .Tones, "may find
twelve judges of your mind, l)Ut hardly twelve
lawyers." He was dismi-^seil. — .\I.\(".\ri..\Y'.s
En(i.. ch. fi, ]). TO.
3040. JUDGMENT, Duplicity in. Fniiu-i.s
North. [ Loi'd (Juildford i He had .sense enough
to perceive from the thsi liiat Oates ,ind Hedloe
were impostors ; but the Parliament and the
country were gi'eatly excited ; the government
had yielded lo the ])ressure ; and North was a
man not to risk a good place for tlie sake of jus-
tice and humanily. Accordingly, while he was
in secret drawing up a refutation of the \\ hole
romance of the I'opish I'lol.ln declared ii pul)-
lic that the truth oi the story w.is as plain as tlu;
sun in hea\en. and was not ;ishained to br(.w
beat, from the seat of judgment, the unfortunate
Koman Catholics who were arrai.iiiied bilorc
him for their lives. — M.\( .\ri,.\v's Kno. , ch. Ii,
p. 2Tu.
3041. JUDGMENT by Experts. Frrdoirlc
tha (I rent. It nc\cr occuired to him that a body
of men whose lives were passed in adjudicating
on ((Ueslion^ of civil riglil were more likely to
form correct opinions on su( li (|uesiions than a
prince whose attention was divided between a
thoii.sand olijects, aiul who had probably never
read a law-l)ook through. The resistance oji-
po.sed to him by the iribimals intlained him to
fury. He reviled his chancellor He kicked
the shins of his judges. He did not, it is trui',
intend to act unjustly, lb' tirinly believed that
he Was doing right and detiiiding the cause of
the poor against the wealthy. Yet this well-
JL'DOMIONT— .IIUV.
359
tin'iint iiicddliiitr proliiilily iliil fur nmri' liuriii
tliiin nil llic (■x|)losi()iis of liJM evil piissioiis tliir-
iiii;- till' wlidlc of his loll!,'' rci^ii. — Macaii.ay's
Fki;i)i;i(I( K tiik (Jukat, p. i>l.
:tOri. JUDGMENT, Mistake of, t!,"r;/r III.
fU('ori;c III. informed ids sec icliuT, Lord Norlli,
liniiiciliiitciy lifter " tlie Mostoii leu parly," llmt
Geiierid (iiii;e wiis wiillnij lo reliirii lo Mosloii
and (piell llie dislurliiincc. | Four rcniiiieiils seril
to lioston wiil, lie liiinks, lie siitlleieiil lo pre-
Veiil iiiiv disliirliiiiice. — Knkiht's Kn(i., vol. ((,
cii. 'i-i. p. ;{;!!».
:iOi;i. JUDGMENT, Partiality in, AVv//// ';/
Jitincs II. Nolle of the Eiinlisli iiol)les enjoyed
n lunger ineii.iire of piihlic fuvor tiiiiii Cluirles
8iicl<ville, Eiirl of Dorset. He was, indeed, a
reinarkahle man. In liisyi)iith he had lieen one
of the most notorious liherlines of Ilie wild time
which follo>ved the Itestoralion. He had heeii
tiie terror of the city watch, had passed many
nii!;hts in the roundhouse, and had at least once
occupied a cell in Newiratc, His i)assioii for
Hetty .Morrice and for Nell (rwyiiii, who always
culled liiin her Charles the First, had ,u;iven no
sinuU uinusenieiit and scandal to the town. Vet,
in the midst of follies and vices, his couraijcous
spirit, his line understandinir, and his nutur.'d
goodness of heart hail liecii conspicuous. .Men
said tliat the excesses in which he indulged were
coinmoii hetweeii him and the whole race of gay
young cavaliers, hut that his .symiiathy with
human sufTering and the generosity with which
he made ri'paration to those v/hoin his freaks
lia<l injured were all his own. His associates
■were astonished by the distinction which the
j)ublicinude between himuiid them, " He may
do what he chooses," said Wilmot ; " he is iicNcr
in the wrong." The jiidginent of the world be-
came still more favorable to Dorset when he had
liceii sobered by time and marriage. His grace-
ful manners, his brilliant conversation, his soft
heart, liis open hand, were universally i)raisc(l.
No day passed, it was said, in which some dis-
tresseil family had not reason to bless his name.
— Macai'i.av's EN(i., ch. H, ]). 297.
:IO'l-l. JUDGMENT, An unfortunate. Louix
XVI. l,ouis X\ I. was full of e.xcellent inteii-
tioii.s, ])ure in morals, not deticieiit in natural
good sense, and ineercly an.xinus for the wel-
fare of li's sul)jecf« ; but he was dirtideiif and
timid til .1 tault, lamenlably wanting in strength
and energy of character, and, by an unfortunate
fatality, always disi)osed both '. l)e tirin and to
give wav at the wrong monicnt. — Sri:i)i',\'i's'
Fc . K."
:{0't5. JUDGMENT-DAY anticipated. Miiho-
inct. His mortal disease was u fever of foiir-
tei.'ii days, which deprived him by intervals of
the \ise of reason. xVs soon as li(> was conscious
of his danger, lie editied his l)retliren by the hu-
mility of ids virtue or penitence. " If there be i
any man," said the ajxistle from the pulpit. '
" whom I have unjustly scourged. I submit my '
own b.ick to the lash oi' retali.'ition. Have I as- |
persi'd the reputation of a .Mussulman'.' let him
proclaim nni faults in the face of the congrega-
tion. Ha^ iny one been (lesi)oiled of his goods '.'
the little thai I possess shall coiu|)ensate the
l)riiicipul and the interest of the debt." " Yes,"
replied a voice from the crowd, " I am entitled
to three drachms of silver." Mahomet heard
the c<iiiiplaiiil, satistied the demand, and thanked
his creditor for accusing him in this world
rather than at the day of jiidgineiil. — (iiiiiioN's
Maho.mkt, i». -IK.
:I0I«. JUDGMENT DAY, Fear of, S,i „, u ,1
,liilih!ti)H. I5()swi;i.i. ; '• ihit may not a luan .at-
tain lo such a degree of hope as not to be uii
easy from the fear of death '.'" .Ioiinso.n : " .\
man may have such a degree of hope as to keep
him quiet. Vou s<'e 1 am not (piiet, from the
vehemence with which 1 talk ; liut 1 do not de-
spair." .Mhs. Ada.ms: " ^'oii seem, sir. to for
get the merits of our Hedeemer." .Ioiinso.n .
" Madam. I do not forget the merits of my Re-
deemer : but my Hedeemer has said that He will
set .some on His right hand and some on His
left." ii(> was in gloomy agitation, and said,
" I'll have no more on'l." — HoswKi.i.s .Ioii.n-
S(»N, p. ,')2-I.
.10 ir. JURISPRUDENCE, Origin of. llniunt.
Romulus, Num;i. and Servius 'rulliiis arc cele-
brated as the mo--l ancient legislators; and each
of them claims his peculiar jiart in the threefold
division of jurisiuudeiicc. The laws of marriage,
the eclucation of children, and the authority of
|)arcnts, which may seem to draw their origin
from Hiidnr itself, are ascribed to the untutored
wisdom of Romulus. The law of iKitions and ot
reli.irious worship, which Numa introduced, was
derived from his nocturnal converse with the
nymph Egeria. The ciril law is attributed to the
exiu'i ienee of Servius ; he balanced the rights anil
fortunes of the seven classes of citi/eiis, and
guarded, by fifty new regulations, theobscrv.ance
of contracts and the i)unishment of crimes. — Gin-
ISDN's Ro.MK, ch. 44, p, ;i()l.
aO-IN. JURY coerced, h'n'nn of .hmifx II.
[Alice Lisle was aciiised of high treason for
sheltering rebels defeated with the Duke of Mon-
mouth.] The jury n tired, and remained long
in consultation. The judge jirew impatient | It
was Jeffreys.) He could not conceive, lie said,
how, in so |)lain u <inc, they should ever lia\c
left the l)ox. He sent a me.s.sciigcr to tell them
that, if they did not instantly return, he would
adjourn the court and lock them uji all night.
Thus ])ut to the torture, they came, but came to
say that they doubted whether the charge had
been made out. Jeffreys exjiostulated with them
vehemently, and after another consultation, Ihey
gave a reluctant verdict of .liuilty. On the fol-
lowing morning .sentence \\ as pr:>nounccil. Jcf-
fr» ys g.ive directions that Alice Lisle should be
lairned alive that very iifternoon This excess
of barbarity moved the i)ity and iiidigiiutioii
even of that class which was most ili'\oted to the
crown. — .M AC \ri.A V s I-^Ni. cli •">. ]> "i!*."),
30I0. JURY, A determined. Ibiuu ^f .In men
II. I Trial lit the sc\iii bi>hops of ih" ( 'liiu'i h of
Kngland who refused to aid the king in tlicoMr-
tlirow of the Rrotestant faith | It wasab.solutc
ly nece.ssaiy to watch the otlicers who watched
the doors, ior those otHcers were sujiposcd to be
in the interest of the crown, and might, if not
carefully observed, have furnished a courtly
juryman with food, wliii h would have enabled
him to starsc out the other ele\en. Strict guard
was therefore kept. Not even a candle to light
a l)ipe w.is permitteil to enter. Some basins of
water for washing were suffered to pass .at about
four in the morning. The jurymen, raging with
I
wppw
3(;o
JUHY— JUSTICE.
thirst, ROOM iMiijicd nu the wliolc. fJrcat nam-
tiers of people \vulke<l llie iiei^jlilioriiinHlreetHllll
dawn. ... At lirst nine were for iieciiiiltin^f unci
three for convicliiiLr. Two of ilie minority noon
^ave way ; liiil Arnold was olislinale. 'I'lionias
Austin, a eoniitry gentleman of ^^eat eslate, who
liad )iaid close aMenlion to the evidence and
Hi>eeches, and had taken full notes, wished to
ar^nie the (piestion. Arnold declined, lie was
not nsod, he (hij,^;j;e(lly said, to reason in>f and de-
liatin^r. His conscience; was not salislled ; and
he shonid not accpiit Iho hishops, " If you eonio
to that," K'dd Austin, "look at nie. *I am th(!
hirgest and slron;,'est of the twelve ; and heforc 1
find such a petition as tliis a liliel, here will I slay
till I am no l)iiri,n'r than .a toliacco pipe." It was
ei.v in the morninj^ liefort! Arnold yielded. [Seo
more at No. ;{0;tl.J— M.\cai:i,av'h Eno., ch. H,
p. 95;!.
3050. JURY imprisoned. F»r Verdict. [In
I,")')!, on the triidof Sir Nicholas Throckmorton,
the judp's and coimsel heaped accusation upon
accusation, jierplcxed him with (piestions, and
urgently exhorted him to confess Ins ^rnjit. Tlicy
read over pirhled evidence; not taken in open
court, and reepiired him to answer each se])arati)
diarize as produced. The talent and energy of
Throckmorton produced a surprising result. He
was aeiiuitted.j 'J'he court Immediately after
the Iriid conmutled the jury to prison. Four
made a sulimission, and were released. Kight re-
mained in conlinemeiit for many months; and
when lirought hefore the council in the Star
Chamher were sentenced to tlu; ])aymentof enor-
mous fines. It was mon; than a (;entury licfon;
the infamous system was discontinued of j)un-
ishing juries for verdicts in State prosiicutions
that were not agreeal)le In tlu; crown. — Kntoht's
EN(i., vol :!, ch. 4, p. (17.
3051. JURY limited. " Thr,,- Dai/x:' [f)ur
ing the " Keign of Terror "] a resolution was . . .
passed in tlie ( > invention authorizing tlie jury,
when three days )iad hecn s|)ent in the investiga-
tion of a ca.se, to declare tiieiii.selves .sati.s/ied,
without waiting for furtlajr ]»leadings ; llii.s lifa
mouH justifh'ation was at once; acted upon, and
the Girondist.s were sentenced to death.— Sti;-
DENTS' Fu.VNCE, ch. 27, ^ 1.
3052. JURY perverted. Bii Chniij. In 1683
. . . the sherills could pack tiie jurymen upon
Stat(! trials ; the jurymen would he exhorted from
every pidjjit to helienc, ui)on authority of the
Scriptures, that, asall rt'sistance to authority was
asin, tlie sup|)ort of authority in all its desires
was a virtue. When u suhject stood at the liar, in-
dicted for treason or misdemeanor of tia; king's
command, it, was necessary for the country's
peace that IIk; crown sliould have it.s wished-for
verdict.— K.MoirT's Eno., vol. 4, ch. 28, p. 809.
3053. JURY, Unterrified. Trial ,,f William
Pentt. A. 1). 1670. He was arraigned for having
spoken at a Quaker meeting. . . Amid angry ex-
clamation.s and menaces, lie proceeded to plead
earnestly for the fundamental laws of England ;
and as he was hurried outof court, still reminded
the jury that " they were his judges." Dissatis-
fied with the first verdict returned, the recorder
Leap»-(lupon the jury (!very opprobrious epithet.
— " We will have a verdict liy tlKihelpof God, or
you .shall starve for it." " You are Englishmen,"
«aid Penij, who had agaiu been brought to tlic
bar ; " mind your privilege, give not away your
right." ... At last tiie jury, wlio had received
no refreslimenls for two days and two niglits, du
tiio third day gave their verdict, " Not guilty."
The recorder fln<'d them forty marks apiece Inr
their independence. — IJANiuoK'r'H U. S., vol. i,
ch. 16.
305.1. JUSTICE by Combat. Ooiil. The triala
by single combat grailually obtained superior
credit and authority among a warlike people
wiio could not believe that a brave man deserved
to HiifTer, or that a coward deserved to live. Both
in civil and criminal proceedings the plaintiilor
lU'cuser, iIk! defendant, ()!■ even the witness, were
exposed to moi'tal challenge from the antagonist
who was destitute of legal jiroofs ; and it was in-
cumbent ou them either to desert their cause or
])ublicly to maintain their Inaior in the lists of
liattle. They f(aight either on foot or horse-
back, according to the custom of their nation ;
and IIk; d<'cision of the sword or lance was rat-
ified by the sanction of Heaven, of 'he judge, and
of the people. — tJinnoN's Ho.MK, .h. \W, p. 5i)6.
3055. JUSTICE, Even. AriMiilrn. He wa.^
carrying on a prosecution against his enemy, and
after he had brought hischarge, the judges wer((
going to pass sentence ; without hearing the per-
son .accused, he rose uj) to his assistance, en-
treating that lie might be heard, and lia\e tlie
privilege; which the laws allowed. — Pi.UTAUCii's
AUIS'I'IOKS.
3050. JUSTICE exceeded. Rijazet. [Frendi
l>rinees who had been taken caiitive by the Ot-
toman Maja/et I. wen; the witnesses of his zeal
for ju.stiee. I In their ])re.senci', and at his com-
mand, the belly of one; of his chamberlains wa.n
out o])en, on a comiilaint against liim for drink-
ing the goat's milk of a poor woman. The
strangers were astonished ])y this act of justice,
iiut it was the ju.stiee; eif a sultan whoeliselainsto
balance llu' we;ight of evielenee' e)r to measures
the ele'grces of guilt. — GiuuoN'rf Ko.ME, ch. 64,
p. 24!.'
3057. — . TluophiluK. [The Roniim
e'lnpe'ror.] A poor weinian threw herself at the
emperor's fee>t to ceimjilain eif a jiowe'rfiil neigli-
beir, the; brotluT of the; empress, wiio iiad rai.se;d
his i)alae;i'-wail le) siicli an ine'onvenieiit lu'ight,
that her humble dwelling was excludeel from
light and air ! On the; proeif eif the f.e't. in.stead
e)f granting, like an ordinary Judge, suflie'ient or
ample; elamaws to the- iilainfifT, thi' soverelji/rf; ad-
juelge'd to her use' and be'iie-fit tlu' jialaei- and (ho
gremnd. Nor was Theeiphllus content .villi this
e'xlravagant salisfaelion ; his ze'al converini a
civil tres])ass inloa criminal act ; and llie unfort-
unate patrie'ian was slrijjpe'el anel sceiurgeei In
the publie; jilae'e of Constantinople'. — GnJuoN'H
Ko.ME, ch. 6H, p. r>!i:{.
305§. . Kinpcror Julimi. [The
pyinperor Julian was supe'rieirj to llu' last te'inp-
tation of virtue)iis niinels, sui ineliscre'el auel in-
te'inperate ze'al feir justice ; he- re'slraineei, with
calmness and elignity, the warmth of an aelvo-
cale who pro.se'e'uleel, for exleirtiein, the pre'si-
dent of the Narbonnese jirovince. " AVho will
ever be found guilty," exclaimed the ve'he'nu'iit
I)e'l[)liidius, "if it be e'lieiugh lei eh'ny V" " .Vnd
who, " rejilie'd .Julian, " will e've-r be "innocent, if
it be suflie'ient lu afllrni 'l" — Gibuon's Ko.mk,
ch, ly, p. •Hi.
JUHTK'E.
301
3050. JUSTICE by Force. Sir FnniriH Itnth.
[Wliilc t'jitra;ji'(l in llic mImvc Iriidf, the Spaiiiiinls
uttackril till' lli'i't will) wliicli lie Mailed. I ('ii|iliiiri
I)ral<(' swcncdcd in icscuinj; lii>< siiip lioiii tlic
fdc ; lint lie I'cai'lu'd Kn^dand a ruinrd man. Al-
tliinijili the Kinifot' Spain was alrrady nicdilalinL,''
the ('(in(|ii('vl (if Kn^land, tlic twci natiiinH were
Hiill at iiraci', and Captain Drake tlierelon' ap-
jilied t(i tile Spanish ({(ivernineiit {'(ir the restdia-
lion nt the pidperty uiilawfidly seized. His de-
mands lieinif disreiiarded, he swnre In take liy
Idree what liad lieeii denied t(i his .sdiieiialinns.
Ts'ever was un nalh lietler kept. In 177'2 he cnn
trived to eipiip and arm tWd small vessels, iind
(ililained I'l'din the (|iieeii a Cdnimissidn such as
was lecpiisite Idfliis imrpdse. .Idined liy II third
vessel in the Sdwth Ameiicaii waleis, he sudden-
ly descended iijidM the (iiasts of New (ii'anada,
lihindered the settlements, hiirril tlie Spanish
.shipping', and held the whdle rcuion at his met-
cy. He i-etuined to IOni;laiid laden with a pm-
(liitidiis liddty--eniiiii;h td make him one of the
richest private persun; ill iMirnpe. ( 'vci.(iri;i>i \
Ol' HlfKi. p. it.'iS.
!MMM>. JUSTICE, Governmental, liouiiin. |Ivirly
in the si.xth ceiilmy the .lews were insulted
in persiin, their] eirects were pilla;;ed. and their
synatiduues were liurnl liy the mad pupulace
(if liavenna and lidine, iiitlameil, as it should
seem, liy the nidst frivdidus (ir exiiavat;iint jire-
tences. The ^'dvernmeiit which cduld ncLrlect,
■would have deserved such an dUtrai^c. A lei:al
iiKpdry was instantly directed ; and as the au-
thdrs (if the lunuilt had cscjiped in the cniwd,
the whole community was cdndeiiuied Id repair
the daniaiiC ; and the olistinate liii;(ils, who |-e-
fuse(| their contriliutions, wer(! whipped Ihrouiih
the streets liy the hand of the c.Kecutioni'r. 'I'liis
simple act df justice exasperated the discdn-
tent (if the Calholics, who applauded the merit
and patience df these hdly coid'essdrs. — (JiiiiioN's
KdMl'-,, eh. :«», p. ;ti
:I00I. JUSTICE honored. ('.innU thr. tinKt.
[Canute. . . . the lirst Danish kin^c of Ijiiiland,
111 his leiler to| " Jill the nations of the ICnf^lish,"
. . . has one jiassauc which may maki? us lie-
licve thai power and |iidsperily are not alua\s
corruptiiijj;- — "And now he it known unto you
all that I have dedicated my lifi- to Odd, to i,niv-
crii my kinirdoms with justice, and to oliserve
the rif;ht in all things. If in the time that is
past, and in the vidlcnce and carelessness of my
ydulh, I have \'i(ilaled justice, it is my intenlidn,
liy llu' help df God, to ir.ake full compeiisalidn.
'i'heretore I lici; and coiiuuaiid those to whom I
have intrusted the ndvernmeiit, as they wish to
preserve my Lcoodwill, and sa\'e their own souls,
to do no injustice either Id poor or rich. Lei
those who are udlile, and IIkisc wIki are iiot,
(■((ually (ilitain their riirhts, accordiiu;' to the laws,
from which no deviatidn shall he allowed, either
from fear of me, or throuirh favor '.o the
jidwerful, or for the purjiose df supplyin.ii' my
treasury. I want ud lUdnev raised hy injustice."
[\.\t. lU;r).] — IvNKilir'S |-LN(i., Vdh 1,' eh. 11,
p. 108.
30«a. JUSTICE, Impartiality of. limiutn. Tar-
juin was at this time in Kiruria. where he ]ire-
vaiied on twd df the mcist ]iowerful cities, Veil
and 'l'ar(|uinii, locs|iousc his cause. These Stales
W-'ut amba.ssadors to Home with a formal re(iuisi-
lidti that the exiled prince mi^dil lie allnwed in
return. . . . Tin purpose they gained hva lilier-
alempliiymeiit ot liriliesand promises. The con-
Hpiracy , however, was detected ; and il was foil iid
that among' the chief jicrsons concerned wcicihe
tWd s(ins of Urutus and the nephew s of ( ullati-
mis. An example was now exhiliiied, severely
virtuous indeed, hut which the necessity of cir-
cumstances re(|uire(l and jiislilied. Hriilus him-
self sat in jiidgmenl upon his twd sons, and (oii-
<h-inned Ihem to he lieheaded, himself witness,
ing their execution. — Tvti.kii'h llisr., Honk :t,
eh. :{, p. ;«))».
30«!l. . .1 T'uh'x. I As M.ihmud
the (ta/.iievi(le| sat in the l)ivan, an nnliiip|iy suli-
ject lidwed liefore the Ihrdiie to accuse ihc iiisd-
leiice of a Turkish sdldier who had driven him
fniiii his hdiise and lied. " Suspend yniir clam-
ors," said Mahmud ; " inform me of his nexi \ is-
it, ami ourself in person will judiic and |iunisli
the olfender." The sultan followed his miide,
invested Ihc house with his guards, and extin-
guishing the torches, pidliouiiceil Ihc dealh of
the criminal, wIki had heeii seized in the act of
rapine and adultery. After the cxceulioii nf his
sentence the lights were rekindled, .Mahmud fell
prdslrale in pra\rr, and rising from the .'irouiiil,
demanded som< lioinidy fare, which he desdured
with the vorai idusness of hunger. The pd(jr
man, whose injury he had avenucd. was iinalile
to supiiress his astonishnieiit and curiosity ; uid
the courteous monarch condescended to eX|ilaiii
the motives of this singular lichavior. " I had
reason Id sus|icct that none, except one of my
sigis, could dare to iierpetrale such an oiilrage ;
and I extinguished the lights, thai my justice
might he lilind and inexoralilc. .My iHayer was
a thanksgiving on the discoMry of the otfender ;
and so ]iainful was my anxiety, thai I had passed
three days without fddd since the lirsi indiuent
of vdur cdiuplaint." — (Jihikin's Komi:, eh. ."i7,
p ."i(t;{.
!t<M».|. . Ali.>;t,i(l,r. It is sai. I that
in the first years df his reign, w hen .apital causes
were liroiight liefurc him, he used to slop one df
his ears with his hand, while the plaiiililT was
opening the indiclmeni, thai he might reserve it
perfectly iinpre judiceil for heariiii;- the di fiiid-
aut. — >'nr.\H( us Ai,i';x a.ndkh.
J10«W. JUSTICE, Mockery of. /'^i/^-il. |Inl.M(l,
when An hliishoii Craninerl came liefore the coin-
missioners, he was cited toap|ieaial Koine with
in eighty days, there to answer the charges
against him. This was one of the moi'kerics of
the Kajial rule in Kiigland. There were prison-
walls lietweeii tli(^ arcldiishopand Koine, and at
the I'lid of the time he was declared coiitiiiua-
cious. — K.NKiirr's Kno., vol. :{, ch. (i.
iiOMi. JUSTICE for Money. hji/iiti^i i,s. A
hundred of the principal Alexandrians came to
Italy with a remonstraiice (ag.aiiist the apjioint-
nieiit of Ktdlemy to the Kgyplian throne] ; and
had they brought iiKinev with them they iiiiLilit
have had a respectful hearing. l!ul they had
liniughl iidiie or not enough, and Ptolemy, se-
cure of his patron's supiiort, hired a party of
banditti, who .set on the deiiutatioii when it land-
ed, and killed the greater part of its members.
— Fkol'De's C.ks.vu, i:li, 15.
3<Mi7. JUSTICE outraged. Jiffiri/s. The (hie,
justice was last iiccumulatiiig a fortune oui of
I
;ji
^
'M\'^
JUSTICE.
Ilm I'liiiidiT of II liiu'lii-r cliiss (if \Vlii).'s. Mc
Iri'iili-d liirjffly in piirdnii^. lli^ iiio-il hicnitivc
Iniiisiiclinii of this kind was uilli a ucnilcnian
iiaiiird Kdinnnd I'lidcaiix. ... It is iiriilialili'
liiul Ids iimI\' ci'iini' was the wt'aitii whicli lie liaii
inli('ril('(l Iroin ids laliiiT. an cndiiciit lauycr,
wild liad lircn in iduii (illicr iiiidir tiic I'roicctor.
N(i cxciliims Were spared tn nialitMiiit a rase Jul'
dislriyally I l>y llif crown. .Mcny was olTcrcd to
.sonii' prisoners on eon<litiiin tliat liny wmdd liear
evideiu'c auain.st I'rideaii.x. 'I'ii(! unl'nrliinale
man 'ay lonj^; in Jail, ami at lenulli, overeonie liy
I'eai' ol'llie L'all'>ws, con.senled to pay ,i; I *),(»()(»'-
<Hi() for Ids lilie atioM. Tlds ^ri'at .sum wa.s re
ceived liy .ieirreys, lIcl)ou^ld willi it an estate,
to wldeli till! ])e()])lu piV(3 llio iiaint; Aceldama,
from tliat accursed lield wldeli was purchaMiMl
with the j)ricc of innuceut IjIo'mI. — M.\f.vi'i,AV'H
Kn<i.,(L. n, p. *!m.
30««. — . Jcffrn/x. JTrial <>f rebels
imdiT till' I )ulve of Monmouth. | .lelTreys reached
Dorchester, the |)rin(ii)al rovvn of the coiintv in
which Monmo'itli hail landed, and the judicial
massacre licf^aii. The court was InwiLT, I y order
of the chief-justice, with scarlet ; and this inno
vaMoii seemed to the multitude to indicate a
bloody purpose. It, was also rumored that, when
th(! i'ler!.;yman who i)reached the assize se'T.Kai
enforced the duly of inercv, the ferocious mouth
of tho judi;e was distortcil by an ondnous ;rrin.
The.se thin;;s made men auL!:ur ill of what was
to follow.— M.vc.vL'i.AV'rt Enu.. eh. 5, \). 5U(l.
3««9. JUSTICE, Partiality of, I'rof, .s,v,y/. The-
mistocles, who was an aj.creeai>le compaiuon,
,','aiiu'd many friends, and became respectable hi
the stremrlh of his |)opularity. Thus when he
Avaslold that he woidd ^'overn thi' Athenians ex-
tremely V 11, if h(! wouiil but do it without re-
fil)ect of jiersons, he said, " Alay I never sil
ou !i tribunal where my fiieiids shall not find
more favor from m<! ihau .slranij;ers," — I'l.r-
'r.vucu's AiusriDKs.
3070. JUSTICE, Partiality in. .I//* .ti7<i 1/.1. A^e-
-silaus, indeed, in other res|)ects was slricllv and
inlle.xibly just ; but where a man's friends are
concerned, he thoujrht a riuid ri 'ard to justi(('
u mer(! pietenc(>. Theri? is still \\sm\ a short
letter of his to Ilydreins the Carian, which is
u])roof of wh.at wv. Iiavesaid : " If Nicias is irmo-
cent, itc(piit him ; if he is not imioeeiit, acquit
him on my .account ; however, bi; sure to acquit
liim. " — 1'li T.Muu's Aui:siL,\( s.
3071. JUSTICE, Poetic. ConUiinl Woh,!/. Un-
der ('rom\\cil the coercion of juries and liie
juanaifemeiitof jiidp's rendered the courts mere
niouthpiece.s of the royal will; and where even
till! shadow of justiii! Jiroved .in obstacle lo
Woodshed. Tarliament was biought into play to
■[lass bill after bill of attainder. " He .^liall be
judired by the bloody l,i\\ she has himself made,"
■was the cry of the couik il at the moment of his
fidl, and by a siiiLMdar retribution the crowniuLr
injustice which he soui,dit io introduce e\'en into
the practice of attainder — thecondemnation of a
man without heariiiL: his defence — was oidy jirac-
tise<l on himself. — llisr (u-' K.\<;. l*i:ori,i:, "^ TjTT.
3072. JUSTICE, Public. Orinin. Amoni,'tho
Emrlish, as anions; .all theracesof maidiind, jus-
tice ha(l originidly .si)nnnr from each man's per-
sonal action. There had been u tiino when every
freeman was hi own .iveiipT. Mut even in tho
earliest forms of Knulish soci<'ly of which we
llnd traci's this ri;rht of self di-feiicc was hclnu;
modjlled and restricted liy a k''"^'"K senw of
|)nbii<' Justice. The " blood wile," or coiiipeii.sii-
tion in moiicN Cur personal wroii^, was the first
ell'ort of the iiibe as a whole to re;rulate private
leveii^'r The freeman's lift and the freeman's
lindi had each on this «.ysteiM Its le.n.il price.
" l']ve for e\'" ran the roujjli code, and ''life
tor life," or for <'ach fidr dama^fes. We see 11
larlli. r' ste|) toward the .nodern reco>;iMli(jn of
a wroiiu' as done, not to the individual man, but
lo the people al larjfe, ill another custom of larly
dale, 'riic ])rice of life or limb was paid, not
by the wroiiif-doer to the man lie wronged, but
by the family or iioiisi? of tin- wron;^ doer t,, tin!
family or house of the wronj^ed Order ami
law were thus made to rest in each little ^roiip
of people upon the blood-bond which knit itn
families together. — Hist, ok K.Nti. Pkoi'I.i:, JS 12.
3073. JUSTICE. Satisfaction of. Mit h o m ,■ t.
[When near hist'iul. .Mahomet J made an ciTort to
obtain himself the peace and pardon of the liv-
ing before pri'sei ling hiin.self befori- his .liidge.
Sustained beiii ilh the arms by his two cherished
disciples, Abulx'ker and .\li, lu; trailed liiniH'lf
along to the |)ulpitof the ino;(pie. .iiid .said, witFi
a fi'ebl(! voici' : " Miissul lans ! if 1 have ever
maltreated iinv among you, let him now comy
and .striki> me in turn. If I have olTeiiiled any
f)f you bywiiid, let him return insult for insult.
If I have taken from any his jiropcrty, let him
take ad that I jiosscss upon thee.arth. Andlhoso
ail' not vain words; let no one, in doing hiin-
.self justice, a|)prehend my resentment. Hesent-
ment and anger are not "in my chaiacter." A
I'lan dared to step from the crowd aiul claim of
iiim IV concealed debt. " Help thys( If," .said Iho
prophet; " it is better to blush in this life be-
fore men, for one's in justice, than to blush in tliH
other world before tfod." — L.vmaiitink'h Tiu-
Kl;^ p. 148.
3071. JUSTICE, Systematized. V/inrltmni/iif.
Slill further to harmonizi! the dLscordaiit pails
of his empire, Charlemagne divided thejirov inceH
into dill'ereiil districts, each of which cont.aiiied
several eounlies. He abolisheii the ancient cus-
tom of governing thein by dukes ; and in their
place he a|)poiiited three or four royal riivoys,
( ailed M/'xti Diitiiiniri, to govcri each jirovincu
or Mixfidtirinn, obliging thei 1 to an e.xact visita-
lion of it i'very tlii'i^ nu iiiiis. These envoys
held lour courts in the year for the iidministra-
lioii uf jusliee ; and llie arrangement in which
the business of lliese <ourls Was conducted re-
llects the highe-t honor on the character of
( 'iLirlcmairne. The causes of the [loor were first
hiard, iie.xt those of the king, then the cau.sesof
the clergy, and lastly tliose of th(! jieople at
l.irge. — Tvn.Ku's Hi.st., IJooiv (J, ch. y, ji. 71.
3075. JUSTICE, Tardy. CnniimU. His govern-
nieiit wa.s .strong. Charles II. followed, and his
government was cowardly, contemptible, and
weak. Then, at length, liirdy justices was don-.i
to the memory of ( )liver. Every where men miig-
nitied his valor, genius, and ])atriotism. Every-
wliere it was remembered how, v. hen he ruled,
all foreign powers had trembh'd at the name of
]']ngland how theiStates-tJeiieral, nowso haugh-
ty, liad (n)uehed at his i'eet ; and how, when it
KIDNAPPING- KNKKLINU.
;«;:$
wiut known tliitt lie was no more, Aiii>«l('r(liiii<
WMM liirlitcd II)) as fin' a ^rrut drlivcninci', iiml
cliililii'i) nm iiluni; llu" cahitU '«lh*iiiing for Joy
llial llic ihvil WMH (Irud. Kvi'n K.ijiiIIhIm ex-
<l/iininl IIimI llir Stale could Im' m;. m'iI oidy l)V
<'ullin>; tli< old '•oldicrN ot Ilir C'oiiiinon\M ;dili
l(» arn^ Soon lln' caiiital lic>,'mi lo t'ccl tlw
riilsiTl*'- of M hlockadc. - MsfMi.AY'"* Kn(1.,
<li.'.J, p. 17!».
»OrO. KIDNArl'I50byflovernm«nt, Iirl,iii of
JiiiiKK II. I'l'lu' ivijcij llisliop lliirnct wiis a
powtrl'iil ;intamiiiist of James in (lie iioniaii Catli-
olie eoiilrovirsy. I Pi'oeeeiiinurs were ai'itinl-
in^rlv insliiiited'apiinst IiImi af Kdinliiir^li , lint
lie liad liieii iiatiinili/ed In IIoIImiiiI : ln' liad
married a w i.in of foilMiie wlio was n iiiili\e
of lliat prov i ,'(' ; and il was certain ilial his
adojiieil eoiintiy would not deli'ir liiiii up. It
was tljeicfore di'teriiiiiied lo kidlia|' liiiii Hllf
tiiiiiH Were iiiicd wii'i ^real hiiiiis of money for
tills p( riloiis and int;ini(ais sei\'ice. ,\n ordi r
for I'itiMlOon this aeeoiinl was aclnally drawn up
for siniMtnre in Hie olllee of tli( secretary of
(^tiite.— .M.MAI i.AYH Kno ,<li, 7, p. aa'i
JlOrr. KINDNESS, Eoligion of, n<r John A'r>r.
(iiti NeV( rllieless IlieU' \\(|i in him Hot only
fori I', coiirauf, liMrnin;^ /• al Inr doini; ;footl,
hut i;reat kindness, and even l( nderiK ssof hearl.
'■ I see in III i- world," 111 Miid, " two In ips of hu-
iiiaii hiip|)iii( ss and mis( ry ; now. if 1 i mi lake
hut the sinallest hit from one heaji and add it to
till- other, I carry a point ; if, as I !_o limne, a
child lias diiipped ahull penny and hv fiivini^
it aiiollier 1 can wipe away its tears I feel 1 have
(lone something." — Smitii'h (owi'kk. cli. 3.
30rf«». KINO of Fanatics. ,1 'h u Uocrold. [The
A nali.MpIists. I 'I'll \ surprised mid took posses-
si(.i! of theiityof >(unster, when- they preaelicd
their doclrines ili such elVi it thai the peopli',
inspired willi fimzy, exiielled their bishop, luiil
declared lli:il they would ha ve liootliei r iVi riior
than (lod Almiirlily, Malllii;is, who was ilieir
chief proiiliet, liaviiiir lieeii killed in a .sally from
the town upon I'h troops of the hishop w\io had
laid siei;r of il .lolin Horeold. a joiiiiieymaii
tailor, who had been (lisiiiii^iiislied by the iiaiiu;
of Jack of Levden, can id himself, with urcat
ceremony, folic imointed kiiiLT, and appointed
twelve a|ioslles to jiroclaini his som vciLiii author
ily over all the lower (teiinaiiy * me of his fa
vorite tenets was poly^faiiiy ; and liesetamost il-
lustrious example himself by marryin;; fourteen
wives. One of his wives lia\im,' expressed .some
doubt a.s to his divine mi' ion, Moeeold iiiiiie di-
alely cut oil' her head, and the thirteen others
danced round her body with lrims])i)rls nl joy.
'Munsler lieiii^ closely "in ie,iie(l, this 'aiialic de-
fended the city obstinately for Iwi he nioiiths ;
but he fell at ienirth a \iiiiin totlii uaeheiy ■
sci'ie of his own followers, and hi- ( nemies .
jHit liiin to death wiili . . . crucltv. — 'I^'ri.i is
Hist,, Uookti.di. ','(), p. 2!^'
f^OrO. KING, An infant, ././wc.v. , Wlini
>.iry abdicated the throiir , ,|' Sioilanu. .lainrs,
liri- infant son, was borne I., the lli.i,di Cliunli of
Slirliii,!,^ : the abdi<'at''onol hismotiier \\ i> read ;
KiK-x preached ; the child was (towiumI ; the
lords took the oaths of allegiancr ; and 'he in-
fant of thirteen mciitlis was carried hack to his
cradle.] — Kmoht'h Eno., vol. :i, ' h. 10, p. 152.
:iONO. , Of Fnitii'r mill h'lif/'onil.
lieiiiy \'. . . did in the Ihirly fourthyearol his
lip', one of llir niosi lieriiii' princes Ihal iai'T
swa,\<d Hie seepire of lOu'l.ind. The Duke of
iledford, brother of llinlv \ , was deelared
riijeiit of Prance, iind lleiiiy \'l.,a i liild of
nine miiiitliM old. was proclaimed kinu al Paris
and London.— Tvi I, I, lis Ijisi,, jtook 11, eh i;i,
p, '.'(»"i,
:iO«l. KINO,Odd. (;inr!,,' Whm/iioiiIo , I In Siiiii,
there isa llrsi mil second kinl,^ | A iiisi kinu-, v Im
does cveryll iic, whose power is absolute; and
a second king, who does iinihini,; bill draw a
large income. Tills second king, oddl\ enough,
is niinied Oeorge W'ashinglon, having bieii so
nam d by his father, wlm greatly admired .\mer-
ieai — ("Jknkuai, (Jiiant's Tiiavki.m, )i. vJtlH.
:iO««il. KINO, An unklngly. .linioH II He
wnsipf middle slaliire, more corpu 'lit Ihrniigli
Ills elcihes than ill his Imdy, vet fal enough;
lii.s r\ I lariie, ever rolliii idler any striiiii;i lliiit
eiiii, in his |ireseiice, insomin h as iiiiin\, for
sluiiiii Icfl till ;oom as beiii.' oiil of i ounti''
naiu'i , his icingue was loo Iiu'l'c for his inoulli,
II id made him drii k \ei'y ulieonn ly , ;■ ^ if eating
Ills drink, which i iim' out inlo his cup al each
side of his nioiilh ; his skin ' as ,'is >oft as lall'eta
.sarsenet, which fell so becau'- he iii'ver washed
his iiands. bill rubbed 1 ' igeis' ends <|uili'
slightly wllli the wet end ii a napkin ; his leg',
were very weak, .soiu have thought thiough
some foul play in his yonih, and the weakness
made him ever leaning on other people's slioul
ders, :ind his walk was evi'r ciri ulai Hoods
( KoMw i:i.i rh. ;.'. p. :n
:iO(«tJJ. KINGS unhappy. II /7//<('y; ///. He . ,
told the Duke of Hamilion '• he wished lie were
a thousand miles from Pngland, and that he
had lu'V'i been king of if." I He was iiiuioyed
by the u.ipatrioljc bickerings in Parlianiiiit. J —
IvMi.ui s Kn<i., \o1. ,'), cli. 7, p. it!».
now I KISSING Hiubandg. Orii/m >'/. When
Tiiiy w .■ l.:k' II. some of till' Tro,jans, having es-
caped and gained their dps. put to sea. and
hi'ing (IriM'ii by the win.; 'jion the coast of Tii
cany, ciiiiie to an iinelio, m tin- river Tibei ;
, here llieir ^^ ives beiiu'; much t iliuncd, and no
longer able lo bear the hardships ol the sea, one
of them, superior to the rest in birth and pni-
deiice, naini'd Hoiiia, proposed Ihul they should
burn the tliet ; . . . lliis beiii.'; ellected, the meii
at first were much exaspera; cd, Iml aflei ward,
through necessity, fixed tin ir seal on the Pala-
tine Hill, and in a short lime things succeeded be-
yond I III It I'Xpectatiou; for the coiinlry was good,
and liii pei)|)le hospitable ; . . . t htrefoie, licsiih'
otlief honors ]iiiid to Koina.they' illed their cit\ ,
as she was the ciiiise of its beitm laiih, after her
name. Hriire too, ■sve are infotn.ed.tlie custom
iiro.se for the women to saliile I lieir relations ami
husbands w ilh a kiss, beeausi those women, when
they had burned liiesliips, u.sed such kind ot en-
dearments to appeasi' the leseiitlilent ■ '' their iius-
ban. -Pi I iaiu ii-^ KoMrt.is.
n<M»5. KNEELING to God only Al, .riiii'li'i-
Mnrnii/. I In ' "il Hon. Alexaml ' Murray ^^a.s
aecused "of laving illegally inieifered to ob-
slruct till: pn>eee«lings on the s<'rutiny and lo
inr^ueuce] Uie high 'miliff in cirtain relurns of
tin ioliabitunts of Westniinsier AVbeu he was
IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)
1.0
I.I
I^^BM |2.5
Jf lii 122
S l£ 12.0
1.25 i 1.4
I
m
^^^
m
y
?"
Photographic
Sdences
Corporation
23 WEST MAIN STREET
WERf^TER.N.Y. MS BO
(716) 877-4503
i
am
^o
Lc?
? ^ > I
3r.4
KNIGHTHOOD— KNOWLEDGE.
hroiiglit to tlio l)ur to receive his sonipnco of
dose coniinittiil to Newgale lie refused to ]<iieel,
ii-s coiimmiided liy the 8peul<er. Tiie Sjx'; kiT
called out, " Ynur olieisanees ! sir, your :)l)ei-
sances !" and then, " Sir, you must kneel." He
replied, "Sir, I beg to be excused; I never
kneel but to God." The Speaker rei)eated the
coniinand with great warmth. ^lurray answer
ed, " Sir, I am sorry I cannot comi)ly witli your
recjuest ; I woidd in anythiiigelse." The Si)eak-
er cried, "I call ujion you again to consider
it." Murray answered, " Sir, when I have com-
mitted a cruiie 1 kneel to God for pardon ; but I
know my own innocence, and cannot kneel to
Anybody else. " The Speaker ordered the .sergeant
to take him awav and .secure him. — Knicjut's
Esu., vol. (', ch. '13, p. 18C.
»Oi6. KNIGHTHOOD, Ceremony of. Cniraliy.
The candidate for that honor was pniviously
prepared for it by the most austere fa.sts. He
was obliged to spend a whole night in a church
in prayer, to make a solemn and full confession
of his sins, to receive the holy cucharist, and to
Lave his body purified by batliing ; tlien lie was
again introduced into the church, where he jire-
sented to the priest a sword, who, giving it his
benediction, liung it round the neck of the nov-
ice ; he again, taking it ofT, presented it to the
knight, or chief, who was to confer the honor
ujion him ; and falling down on his knees, and
joining his hands, after solemnly swearing to
maintain the cause of religion and chivalry, he
received frora him the spurs, the halbenl, the
coat-of-mail, and the sword. Then the chief, cm-
bracing l.im rou.'id tlie neck, and gently striking
him three times with the flat part of liis sword
upon the shoulder, finished the ceremony by pro-
nouncing these w(>rds, "In the name of God,
St. Michael, and St. George, I make thee a
knight. Be valiant, lirrdy, and loyal." — Tyt-
LEU'8 Hist., Book 6, ch. It), p. 107.
30§7. KNOWLEDGE desired. Samud Jolin-
son. He observed, " All knowledge is of itself
of some value. There is nothing so minute or
inconsiderable that I would not rather know it
than not. In the same manner, all power, of
whatever sort, is of itself desirable. A man
■would not submit to learn to hem a niflloof his
"wife, or his wife's maid ; but if a mere wish
could attain it, he would rather wish to be able
to liem a ruffle." — Boswei.l'b Jounsox, p. 250.
30§S. KNOWLEDGE, Eagerness for. T/is Poet
Shelley. No student ever read more assidu-
ously. He was to be foimd, book in hand, at all
hours ; reading in season and out of season ; at
table, in bed, and especially during a walk ; not
only in the quiet country, and in retired paths ;
not only at Oxford, in the public walks, and
High Street, but in the most crowded thorough-
fares of London. Nor was he less absorbed liy
the volume that was open before him in Cheap-
side, in Cranbourne Alley, or in Bond Street,
than in a lonely lane or a secluded library. —
Symonds' Shelley, ch. 2.
30§9. KNOWLEDGE, Happiness by. Socrates.
"With regard to the pursuit of knowledge, Socra-
tes held that all science was contemptible which
did not tend to the happiness of man, by the
regulation of his conduct in society ; that the
most beneficial wisdom is to be intimately ac-
quainted with ourselves, to see our errors and
defects, that we may be enabled to amend them.
— Tytleu's Hist., Book 3, ch. U, p. 208.
3090. KNOWLEDGE, Humility for. IHrirui.
[Hev. Thomas Coke, LL. !>., a graduate of Ox-
ford,] found in Devonshire an untutored but
intelligent Methodist, a cla.ss leader of tlie rus-
tics in the neighborhood. The nature of faith,
justilication, regeneration, and the cvidenceK
\s hich attend them — the " unsearchable riches of
Cliri.''t" — were themes iipon which the clergy-
man found ho could be instructed by the un-
lettered pea.sant. Ihuicknowledged that he owed
to him greaUT obligations "with respect to the
me \ns of finding i)eace with God and trancjuillity
of mind than to any other person." — Stevens'
M. E. Ciii'HCii, vol. 2, p. l.W.
3091. KNOWLEDGE without Learning, reter
Cooper, LI.. I). With no jiroclivity to classical
or philosojiliical learning, he was through life a
diligent student of human Mfl'airs, and nothing
that concerned tlu; well-being of his fellow-men
escaped his notice, from liis nearest neighbors
to the mightiest clianges in the conditions of
nations. So that, while he could not be called
a man of learning, he was pre-eminently a man
of knowledge, lie was an untiring student of
nature and art ; the mingling of those twoiiiiulc
\ip his wliole life ; they culminated at last in
the Institute, which represents their blending. —
Life of Pi/rEii Cooi'eu, nv Lkstkh, p. 12.
3092. KNOWLEDGE, Limitations of. Aristo-
tle. A great body of his writings is 3-et pre-
served, and is sutlicient to warrant our estima-
tion of Aristotle as one of the most vigorous and
comprehensive geniu.scs that ever the world has
produced. . . . The vanity of Aristotle prompt-
ed him to aim at universal knowledge ; and pro-
fessing to embrace the whole circle of the
sciences, he only manifests the more signally his
superficial knowledge in many departments, and
his presumptuous ra.shncss in deciding ques-
tions beyond the reach of liuman intellect. These
palpable defects have injured his legitimate repu-
tation in these branches of science in which he is
truly excellent. — Tytleu's Hist., Book 2, ch. 9,
p. 275.
3093. KNOWLEDGE, Progress of. Aristatle.
]\Ir. Lewes makes a remark conceriiin\^ Aristo-
tle : " It is the glory of science to be con.stantly
progressive. After the lapse of a century, the
greatest teacher, on reappearing amcng men,
would have to assume the attitude of a learner.
Tlic very seed sown hy himself irould hare sjirvng
vp into a forest to obscure the view. But he who
rejoices in the grandeur of the forest must not
forget by whom the seeds were sown. His her-
itors, we are richer, but not greater than he."
This is a just and bcauti^'ul passage. There is
not an intelligent boy or girl in a well-conduct-
ed school who could not set Aristotle right on a
thousand points of science, Avhocoidd not laugh
at many of his mistakes ; and yet it is not less
true that he was one of the greatest intellects
that has ever appeared among men. — Cyclope-
dia OF Bioo., p. 5r)3.
3094. KNOWLEDGE, Promotion of. Jared
Sparks. [Dr. Jared Sparks went from the car-
penter's bench to the Presidency of Harvard
College.] He was a Connecticut boy, born as
long ago as 1789, and as poor as any boy tliat
reads this book. He earned his living as soon as
KNOWLEDGE— LAHOR.
305
he was strniii; ciiouu'li to wiold a hoc f)r drive a
plnuLrli-liorsc, hy W()t'Uiii}.v "" h rouifli, stony
ConiH.'Ctiiiit fjiiiii ; iind wlicii lie liud urowii to
be 11 pretty stout lad, lie was («c,isii)iially cin-
jiloycd ill a saw-imil of tiic iiciiriiliorliood. Wlicii
tlic I line caiiic for liim to Icani a laisiiicss lie i
apprenticed himself to n carpenter, and he work-
ed diliirently at this trade for two years. ^VIlen
lie was twenty years of ai^e he was still hiiin-
meriiitr, plaiiinic, and niorlisini; as a car|)enter's
appi'entice. Hut durinj; all liiis time, whether
worUinir on a farm, or in the saw-mill, or in tlu^
carpenter's sho]). he sjieiit his leisure hours in
readiiiir and study, ilr had a most extraordina-
rv thir>t fo -nowledw. — (.'yii.oI'KDI.v ok IJioci.,
]'). (il!t.
aO«.>. KNOWLEDGE, Sacrifices for. nc/tjfi-
tiiiii Friiiilliii. IJeiijaniin heinn' a printer's ap-
prentice, lie was more and more iiuz/le(l to Lcral-
ify his love of kiiowjediic. Hut one day he hit,
li|)oii ail expedient that hrouLcht in a little cash.
By readinu: a vei^etariaii hook, this hard, calcii-
latini,' Yankee lad had been led to tiiink that
jieopje could live better without meat than with
it. ,'iiid that killiiiii; innocent animals for food
■\va> ci-uel and wicked. So he abstained from
meat allo.L,^ellier for about two years. As this
led to some iiiconvenieneeat lii.s boardinii-house,
lie made this eunniiiij; proposition to his master :
" (jive me one jialf the money you pay for my
Ixjai'd, and 1 will board myself." The master
(•onseiitini;-, the apprentice; lived entirely ui^on
.such thiiiirsas hounny, bread, rice, ami potatoes,
and found that he could ai tually live upon half
of the half. What did the calculating; wretch
do with the money ? Put it into his money-box ?
No ; he laid it all out in the improvement of his
mi'. 1. — Cyclopedia ok Bioo., p. 129.
:t096. . John Fitrh. [The inventor.]
Finding an old arithmetic in hisfather'.s house, he
studiecl it in the evenini^s till he had mastered it.
He heard one day, when he was eleven years old,
of a wonderful book called Salmon's Geoirraphy,
which, he was told, would i^ive him inform, dion
about the whole wcjrld. But, alas ! the price was
ten shillings. After vainly entreating his father to
buy it for him, he hit upon a i)lan for raising
that enormous sum himself. There were somt;
lauds ii]ion his father's farm, too high to b,;
reached by the plough, which wen' not cultivat-
ed. His father consente(i to let him jilant po-
tatoes theie, and to have the jiroduce him.self,
jirovided he worked the land oidy on holichiys,
or after his regular work was done. [The prod-
iice came to ten shillings, the book cost twelve
shillirigs, and his father made him jiay for the
set'd potatoes. So he incurred a debt.] — Cyci.o-
I'KDiA or BioG., p. 148.
309r. KNOWLEDGE, Theft of. Stilpo. Deme-
trius [the Macedonian general, having taken the
city of Megara. was] satisfied with expelling
the gairison, ;uid declared the city free. Amid
ihes. transactions, he bethought I'liuiself of Stil-
po, a pinlosojiher of gn at rei)utation. who sought
only the retirement and tran([uillity of a studious
life. He sent for him, and asketl him whetlier
they had taken anything from him. " No," said
Stilpo, " I found none that wanted to steal any
knowledge, " — Plutaucu's De.methius.
309§r LABOE vs. Capital. Enijlnnd. The
couimou people of that age were not in the habit
of meeting for public discussion, of haranguing,
or of petitioning Parliament. No news])aper
pleaded their cause. It was in rude rhyme tlial
their love and hatred, their exultation and their
distress, found utterance. A great i)ai't of their
history is to be learned only from their ballads.
One of the most remarkable of 'he popular lays
chanted about the streets of Norwich and Leeds
in the time of Charles II. niiiy still be read on
the original broadside. It is the vehement and
bitter crv of lalior against cajiilal. It descrilies
the gooii old limes when every artisan emi)loyed
ill the woollen manufacture lived as well as a
farmer. But those times were i)ast. Sixi)encea
<lay now was all that could be earned by hard la-
bor at tla; loom. If the poor complained that
they could not live on such a pittance, they were
told that they were free to take it or leave it.
For so miserable a recompense were the produ-
cers of wealth com])elled to toil, rising early and
laying down late, while the master clothier, eat-
ing, sleei)ing, and idling, becat.ie rich by their
exertions. A shilling a day, the poet declares,
is what the weaver would have, if justice were
done. — .Macaii.ay's ICno., ch. 8, p. ;5S!).
3009. LABOR degraded. />> Charitn. [In
ls:Jl the laborei's of England] belie\-ed, as they
had long lieen encoura,i;e(l by the magistrates to
believe, that the parish was liouiid to tind work
and ]>ay wherever there was no protitable woi'k
to be done. | In England was the jiarish gravel-
Jiit.] The gra\el-i)it lowered the wages of all
agricultural labor, by confounding the distinc-
tions between industry and idleness, between
strength and weakiK.'ss, between dexterity and
clumsiness. All the moral (lualitications that
made one laborer more valuable than another
were broken down. And so when the weekly
])ittance for unprofitable labor was doled out by
the overseer of the poor — when the farmer e(pial-
ized the rate of wa.ijes by reducing his plough-
man and carter almost to the level of the gravel
dig,gers, and sent their wives to the overseer to
make uj) by allowance the just payment of which
they were defrauded — the peasantry took to liurn-
inir ricks and breaking machines. — Knight's
Eng., vol. 8, ch. 16, p. 287.
3100. LABOR, Deliverance by. "Apron."
The Saracens confess a loss of T">()0 men ; and
the battle of Cadesia is justly describeil by the
epithet.') of obstinate and atrocaous. The .stand-
ard of the monarchy was overthrown and capt-
ured Ml the tield — a leathern apron of a black-
smith, who in ancient times had arisen the de-
liverer of Persia ; but this badge of heroic pov-
erty was disgiused, and almost concealed, liy a
profusion of precious irems. — Giuhon's Bo.me,
ch. .51. p. 179,
:1101. LABOR, Evening. Knf/Ii.sh—Irixh. Tlu;
Irish laborers close the day witli a game on
greasj' cards, or lying stretched befoi'e the tire.
In England, whentlK; labor of the day is over, it
is usual for men to betake themselves to some
other labor of a different kind. In the northern
])arts of that industrious land the inhabitants
meet, a jolly crew, at one another's houses, where
they merrily and frugally jiass the long dark
winter evenings, .several families bj- the .same
light and b}' the same tire working at their dif-
ferent manufactures of wool, tiax. or hemp,
company meanwhile mutually cheering and pro-
:w,c,
LABOR.
voUinif loliilior. In ccrlaiii (itlicr pints yciu iniiy
Hcc. on 11 sniimii'r's cvcriitii;', the coiiiindii liihoi-
ciN silliiiiT mIoiil;- lliL' sirct'ts (if m towti or villni;!',
e.'icli ill liisowii ildiir, Willi ii I'usliioii li{ lure liim,
iiiiikiiii;' hdiicliicc, iiiiil ciiniiiiLi; more in iiii cvcii-
inu's i)iisliiii(' lliiin iiii Irish liinii'v would in ii
wholly (liiv. Aliis I lor tlic lioiic-liicc niiikci-s.
Their inidislry wiis iiliuost ('.\liiii,niisiic(i l)y tiie
iiicxonilijc iiiiicliiiic (liic liol)liiii-iicl-i'nitii"c) in
|H(i!>. — i{i;uKi:i,KV, IN K.NKiUT's Emi., vol. 5,
eh. 2, ]). 1!».
^102. LABOR, Expensive, (iiorf/c, Wiim/u'ii//-
liiii. lie (^w•Il('ll one iiiindrcd iind one cows, imd
yet liml to liuv luillcr soinclinics for tiic use of
ills fiiinily. \V'oMld the rciidcr like to know th(!
rciison ? ' Ociicrid \\'iishin,i,'-ton himself tells ns.
He Miention.-f in his diiiry tliitt one inoniin;^ in
Fehnmry, 17()0, lie went out to whei'e " my ciu--
IM'iiters " were jiewiii^ — the snid ciiriienters ho-
intX hlaek skives. " I found," he wrote, " thiit,
four of them — niimely, Georu;e, Tom, Mike, and
youii^ Hilly — liii'l only liewed one hundred imd
twenty feet sine*! yesterdiiy ill ten o'eloek." Sur-
jirised ill this meiif^re result of ii diiy's hihor of
four men, liesiit down to .see how they nmniiired.
Under tlie s]iell of the niiister's eye they worked
fiistcr, l)ut still in ii wonderfully hunfi-lintr imd
diiwdlin^ manner. He records thai, after they
hiid prepsiredii loii; for cut ting int o leiifrt lis, "they
si)ent twenty-tive minutes mori! in gelling the
crosscut saw, stiinding to consider whiit to do,
sawing the .stock in two phices," etc. He found
that the four men had (lone exactly one man'.s
work the diiy liefore, sup])()siii. I hey could work
no fiistcr Iliiin they liiiil done; whiU; he watched
them, i.nd tliiit one intelligent, active laborer
could do iiboiit ii.s nnich hewing in two diiys as
they would in a week. Ilerewe hiive tlie rt'iison
why a man possessing one liundred anil one
cows had to buy butter. —Cyclopedia ok Bioo.,
p. 13.
310.3. LABOR, Forced. Defence. [In antici-
]iiition of a French desi'cnt upon the coasts of
Enghmd,] there is astiituleof 1512 for the speciiil
erei'tion of bulwiirks from Plymoutli to Land's
End, luid in all other landing-pliiees. . . . To as-
sist their country against inviision neces.siirily
deniiinds some persoiiiil pi'ivation from the high
iind the lowly. But the government which en-
iicled thiit iill thcinliabitiinis of the niiirilime dis-
tricts sliould be compelled to work ill such bul-
warks, with tJieir own instrumenls, find to re-
ceive no compensiilion for their toil, was a gov-
ernment thill hesiliited not to rob tlui i)oor of
their only capital, their power of liibor, to spi'ro
the rich, wiio.se properly Wiis chietly imperilled
by the ]5r()liiil)le iissiiults of a ho.stile force.
Those who ciime not to work iind to stiirve, at
the summons of the mayors iind cousttibles, were
to be committed to prison. The Imilders of the
pynimids, with their scanty fiire of onions and
Ui'.ilic, were in ii liiip]iier condition than the free
Enii-lish under Henry VIII. — Knight's Exci.,
vol. 2, eh. K,, p. 'JliT.'
JIO'l. LABOR honored. .Vintliniii TAhfidn.
I In ls:i() Thoiuiis Lincoln moved to .Miieon Co.,
111. j He immediiitely erected ii logciibin, anil
with the iiid of his son, who was now twenly-
one, ])roceede(l to fence in his new farm. Abra-
ham had little idcii while . . . mauling the rails
. . . he was writing a Jfiige in his life which
would be read by the whole nation years after-
ward. . . . During llie sitting of llie ){epubliciin
State Convention, at Decatur, ii biiuiier iillaehed
to two of these rails . . . Wiis brought into Iho
assembliige, and forniiilly |)resenled to that body,
iiiiiid ii scene of unpiii'iilleled enlhusiasin. . . .
They were in deiiiiind in every State of the
Union. — U.w.mond's Li.ncol.n, ("h. I, p. 23.
3105. LABOR by Impressment, Eihrurd lU.
In Kill* his letteis-piilent went forth lo jiress
hewers of slone, ciir[)enters, and other iirtilicerH ;
iind tlu^ same priiiciph^ of imiiressing workmen
Wiis]>ut in force twenty years. — IvMiiiiTs E.Nit.,
vol. 1, ch. ;{(), p. 46!).
3100. LABOR lost. Amhihm. After tifteen
years of such a life as this [forest life| he piiid
a visit to his relations in Philiidelphiti, ciirrying
w ilh iiini two hundred of his designs, the result
of his laborious and perilous waiKlerings. Being
obliged to leave Philadelphia for some weeks, ho
left these in a box ill the hou.se of one of his re-
liitions. On his return, what were his horror and
(lesi)air to discover Ihat they were lobilly destroy-
ed by mice ! "A jioignant flame," he reliites,
■' ])ierce(l nij' brain like iinsirrow of tire, iind for
.sevend weeks I wiis prostrated with fever. At
length physical and moral strength awoke wilh-
in me. Agiiin I took my gun, my giime-bag, and
portfolio, and my jiencils, and plunged once more
into the dent lis of my forests." — Cyclopedia op
Bioo., p. 104.
3107. LABOR, Machinery relieves. Chtinfies.
[The Yorkshire clothier, about the clo.se of the
•seventeenth century, kei)l] his one horse to fetch
home his wool and his provisions from the
iiiiirket, to Ciirry liis yarn to the siiiimers, his
manufaclures to the fulling-mill, iind, when fin-
ished, totliemaiket to be sold. — Knuuit'sEno.,
vol. .'), ch. 3, p. 27.
310§. . Mining. I)e Foe says : " We
Siiw the poor wretch (ii leiid miner in Derby-
shire] working and heaving him.self up with dif-
licully. . . . lie wa.-; clothed all in leather; had
a Ciip f)f tlK> .same witiioul brims, and some tools
in a little basket, which he drew up with him. . . .
Beside his basket of tools he brought up with
him about three (juartersof a iimulred weight of
ore." [He, worked sixty fiithoms deep. He as-
cended by aiinrrow,S(iU!ire opening, in the iinglcs
of which pieces of wood were inserted.] Such
was mining in the diiys before theslciim-engine.
— Knkjht's EN<i., vol. '•>, ch. 2, p. 21.
3109. LABOR misapplied. Gimt Wull of
China. [Generiil (iriint visited if, and said :] " I
believe tliiil the labor expended on this wall
could liavi! built every railroad in the United
States, every Ciuiiil iind liigliwiiy, iind most if
not all our cities." — (Jeneual Grant's Tuav-
in.s, p. 404.
3110. LABOR oppressed by Law. England.
A.D. 138S. [In \\\m it wa.s] euiuted " thiit he or
she which u.se lo labor at the plough and cart, or
other lidior or service of husbandry, till they he
of the age of twelve years, from thenceforth
sliiill abide at the same labor, without being put
to any my.stery or handicraft ; iind if iiny cove-
iiiint or bond of iipprentice be from henceforth
luade to Ihe cimtniry, the same sluill be holden
for none." Another eniiclment of the.siime Par-
liimienl is to the ellect thai artiticers and meuof
LAHOU.
;}(
1 1
(•riit'l, scrvMiils and ii|i|irciili<(s, slmll lie coin
pcllcil Id serve in llie limvesl, In ciil, ^iillier,
iiMil liiinLT in llie corn. . . . Male iind reiniile
M rviinis inid Inliorers ure not to depitit nl tlie end
of their term, to l^o to iinotlier pliice, without let-
ters tesliinoniiil \iiider the kinu's seal, intrw-ted
Tor Hint piirjiose to some irood niiin of the hun-
dred, rape, wapentake, city, or horoiii^h ; w.aii-
derin;:: without such letters they were put, in the
stocks.— K.Nrdii'r's KN(i., vol. 2, eh. 1, \). Ki.
31 1 1. LABOK oppressed, liii Lmr, [In i:m]
the Statute of Laborers was ]i;iss<'d. Its ])re-
amlile read : " Mecause a ^reat part of the peo-
ple, and esjx'cially of workmen and servants,
late died of the ])e.stilenee, many, ■seeiiii,'' the ne-
cessity of masters and (jreat, scarcity of servants,
will not serve unless they may receive e.yessive
waircH." . . . It was enacted " That every ahle-
hodied man and woman, not hciiifra merchant or
exercisinff any craft, or having'' estat(^ or land,
should lie houuden to serve, whenever re(pdred
so to do, at the wafies accustomed to he ;j;iveii in
the t'veiitieth year of the kiiifr, and in live or six
years ne.xt hefore. If any man or woman, free
orhond,. . , would not, he or sh(! should lie com-
mitted to tlu^ next jail." It also cnaited that
lahorer.s (lei)artiiig from their .service should be
imiirisoned, and that those masters whi) consent-
ed to fjive tlio higher wages should he liable to
be midcted in double the amount paid or prom-
ised. The statute then goes on to ajiply the
same regiilatioiiH to all arliticers — saddlers,
skinners, . . . cor'lwainers, tailors, smiths, car] ten-
ters, masons, tylers, shipwrights, carters. . . .
No jierson sin ild give alms to such as might be
alile to lal)or, . . . under pain of im])risonmeiit.
Hut llie laws of nature were too strong for the
laws of policy. Two years later we have an-
other statute. ... A scale of wages is then set
for laborers in husbandry ; and the wages of car-
]ienters, ma.sons, tylers, and others concerned in
iiuilding are also fixed. The i)riiici|)lc of con-
fining th(! laborer to one locality is established by
enacting, with the exception of the inhabitants
of Stafford, Lancashire, Derby, Craven, and of
tlu^ Welsh and Scotch inarches, who may coiiu;
and go to other places in harvest time — "that
none of them goetli out of tin- town where lie
dwelleth in the winter, to serve the summer, if
he may serv in the same town." — IvM(;nT"s
E.N(i., vol. 1, ch. 30, p. 471.
31 la. . Fi.ird Wd'/rx. [About ir)9T
Parliament enacted that rates of wages were t(>
be settled annually by the justices in sessions as-
sembled. Tlu! rate so settle<l having been a]i-
proved by tlu! Privy Council, was to be pro-
claimed by the sheriff ; and the i)ayer and re-
ceiver of higher wages were subjected to tine and
imprisomnent. All able-bodied laborers wander-
ing through refusal to work for such wages
were styled " rogues and vagabonds," and sub-
ject to cruel ])unishmeiits.] — IvMiiiiT's Knc;.,
vol. 3, ch. 17, i>. 271.
3113. LABOR, Profitless, ('ii'tim. This ])od,
wliicli is about as large as a hen's vgiX, bursts
when it is ripe, and the cotton gushes out at the
fop in 11 beautiful white flock. If you examine
this flock closely, you discover that it contains
eight or fen large; seeds, much resembling, in
size and shape, ilie seeds of a lemon. The fibres
tif the cotton adhere so tightly to the seeds, that
to get one |iouiid of elc'in cmIIiiii, without wast-
ing any, used to re(|uire a whole day's lalior. It
was this fuel that rendered the laisiiu;- of cotton
so little prolilable. and kept the Southern Slates
from -liiuing in the prosperity enjoyed liv the
Slates of the Norlli, after the elose'nt' the Uevo-
lulionary War. When the geiillemeii | w Im were
visiting .Mrs. (Jreeii| had been com i'i>iiiL;- for
some liiiie, the idea wiis started that perliaiw
this work could b'' done by a machine. .Mrs.
(ireelie then reinarkecl : ■ ( ienlleliieli, apply to
my young friend, .Mr. ^Vhitney ; hi can make
anything," Few words have ever been s]ioken
on this globe that have had such iiiipoitani and
memoralile coiisecpieiices as this simi'le observa-
tion of .Mrs. Nathaniel (ireeiie. [See No. '.il)i»l. ]
— CVCI.OI'KDI.V CIK Hioo,, p, 1.")!),
31 II. LABOR prolonged. Ft>iir/,>/i llmii-s, [By
a statute of M!t.') it was re(Hiired that| from
the middle of .March to the middle of Seiiteinber
every laborer and artificer was to be at his work
before five o'clock in the morning, and lie was
to .lejiart not till between seven and eight in the
evening. In this season he was to have half an
hour ff)r breakfast, an hour fordinni'r, and half
an hour for his " noneinefe ;" and from the mid
die of 3Iay to the middle of August he was to
have half an hour for sleej) in the day. From
Se])tember to March he was to be at his work
"in the springing of the day, and dejiart not
till nidit of the same dav." — Kxkiiit's Eno. ,
vol. -2,' Ch. 7, p. 113.
3115. LABOR reduced. Hi/ Mtirliii„n/. [Eli
Whitney invented the cotton gin, and invited in-
siieclion. i The gentlemen saw, with unbounded
wonder and delight, that one man, with fhi>
young Yankee's engine, could clean as much cot
ton in one day as a man could clean by hand in a
whole winter. The cotton grown on a large
]ilaiilation could be sejiarated from the seed in a
few days, which hefore reipiired the constant la-^
bor of a hundred hands for several months. —
Cyci.oi'kdi.v ok Hioci,, p. 101.
3II«. LABOR, Remarkable. ,Mi) Wi.-lci/. lie
]ireaclied 42, 4(H) serinoiis after his return from
(Jeorgia — more than fifteen a week. [He died in
the eighty-eighth year of liisa,ir<', after preaching
the gospel for sixty-four years.] Ilis public life
. . . stands out in tlie history of the world un-
((ues1ioiiiibly])re-eniiiient in religious labors above
that of any other man since the ajtostolie age. —
Stiovkns' ,M. E. Cmiicii, vol. 2, p, 2'JO.
3117. Labor respected. Xi/jioIki/, T. [At St.
Helena.] Some slaves, witli heavy liurdeiis on
their shoulders, came toiling up the narrow jtath.
^Irs. Balconibe, who was on her vctyage' to Eng-
land from Bombay. ... in rather an angry Uaie
ordered them to keep back. But the emperor,
making room for the slaves, turned to ^Irs. Bal-
conibe, and said, mildly, " Respect the bur-
den, inadame." — AnuoT'r's N.vi'oi.ko.n B., vol. 2,
ch. 30.
3ll$i. LABOR, Success by. .fmiK.ftdini (olim;/.
Many circumstances inqieded (lie progress of the
oldest Viririnia colony. The first settlers at .Taines-
fown were idle, improvident, and dissolute. < )f
the one hundred and five men who came ... in
the sjiring of 1(507, only twelve were common la-
borers. There were four carjienters and six nr
eiirht masons and blacksmiths, but the lack < f
;3(;8
I.AIJOU— LAND.
I li
i
nifclmnic-i was coiiipciisiitcd liy ii lniiu; lisl of
t'lii'iyt'iirlii ^'■(■iillciiicii. . . . 'I'lic ])n)si)('ct of
pliiiiliiiu Ml) .'. iiiciicim Slate (111 llic .Iiimcs lUvcr
WHS iKil at all ciicoiivaLriiiir. — IJidi'atii's V . S.,
ell. 1». 11. !t."i. llJaiicniti adds: " One liall' of tlic
(•(iliiiiv iKlislicd hcl'oic ailluiilli." \'i>l. 1, cli. 1.]
;ii 10. LABOR, Wages of. Snnil/. |Iiillirl)c.
li-iiiiiiim- (if Ilic ciirlitcciilli cciilnrv, llic avcrau;!!
\vau:c |iai(l t(ia farm lalidrcr was Tm., without food.
Fifteen iKnmds was tlie averam,' yearly iiicoi".'.:'
(if the lalioriiiii' iiian's family. Some consider
l.v. to have had a iiurcliasini;- |)ower (•(|iial to '2n.
at liic iireseiil timi'.J — KsKiiir's I'^no., vol. 5,
eh. l, [1. .■)().
itl^O. . SlIlllHli JllhllKOII.
iiiir the wau'es of day-laliorers is wroiiLC
does not make them live lietter, but only
Rais-
for it.
makes
tliem idler, and idleness is a ve'y had thinu' for
human nature. — MoswKi.i.'s .Ioiinson, p. 48").
S12I. LABOR, Youthful. Th'irlow M'lnl. .My
first employment, when about ei^dit yeai's ol(l,
was in lilowinn' a blacksmith's bellows for a .Mr.
Ueeves, who nave mesi.\ cents ii day, which con-
iributed so much toward thesupi>(irt of tlie fam-
ily I slood upon a b().\ to enable me to reach tlu,'
Jiiiiuile of the bellows. ... I trot a situation as
cabin-boy on board the .slooj) Uani^^er ... in my
ninth veiir. — Likh ok Tin ui.ow \Vi;i;i>, vol. 1,
ch. 1.'
31'i2. LABORER honored. The, Aliil"/<>iii/inii.i.
The l'h(enici,ins luid sulfered uuuh op])ression
under the Persian yoke, and were thus triad to
be emanci|>ated from its tyi'iuiny. Strato, the
Wuvj: or irovcrnor of Sidon, attempted in vain [o
maintain iiis jirovince in its allcLiiunee ; lie was
deposed, and Alexander havinjr allowed his fa-
vorite lIe]ih.'i'stion to (lisjiose of the crown, he
conferred il on Abdolonynms, a man of great
worth and virtue, and of illustrious and even
royal descent, but whom nii.sfortunes had re-
duced to seek a subsistence liv manual labor. —
TvTi.KUs Hist., 15o()k2, ch. 4, p. 184.
itl'iil. LABORER impoverished. Kiif/IM. The
laborer of the eigliteenth eentiiiy never ato
wheaten bread. , . . Tea and sugar, the comforts
of the modern cottage, were wholly for the rich.
Fresh meat was eaten only twice a week by half
the working people, and never tasted at all t)y
the other half. The salt to cure the flesh of his
hog was very dear and frightfully imwliolesome.
. . " V.'ooleii clothing of eveiy .sort was far dearer
then. Linen was almost beyond the reach of his
wif" and children. There were no cheap calicoes
for their shirts, no smart prints ecpially cheap
for their frocks. His hovel, with " onechimney,"
was unglazed, and its thatched roof and battered
walls otlVred the most miserable shelter. Furni-
ture he had none beyond a bench and a plank
on trestles, an iron pot, and a liasin or two. he
had the ague, and his children died of tlu! small-
l)ox without medical aid. . . . He had not the
slightest chance of going out of his condition
through education. . . . His children were shut
out of any broader \ lew of life than that of their
native hamlet ; for charity .schools, fi'w and mean
as they were, . . . were only established in some
favored towns. The farmers and the small fre(!-
holders were, with the exception of their greater
command over the necessaries and comforts of
life, at no great elevation above the husbaudmau,
who worked for wages. — K.Moii'r's Kno. , vol, .*>.
ch. 4.
:iltll. LABORERS despised. /?// \'>nn(iiis.
The Normans brought into Kngland a contempt
for the laboring people, the .serfs, liie villein, . . ,
which did not exist in any hiicIi degree befon;
the Norman coiuiuest. The peasant was . . .
in every respect in bondage. His foreign inast.T
plun(lere(| him and held Jiim in contempt. . . .
The humblest cabin and the coarsest fare were
thought almost too good for the villein. '■ WI13'
should villeins eat lieef or any dainty food?"
asks one of the Norman iongleiirs. — Rkkiiit's
En(!., vol. 1, ch. 2-2, I . :!•,'.').
;iri5. LABOPERS ignored. .Uhi/iki Clmrtn.
Such were the stipulations in favorof the higher
orders of the State, the barons, the clergy, the
landholders, and freemen. Hut that part of the
peojile who tilled the ground, who constituted in
all probjibility the inajo.''ty of the nation, .seem
to have been very lightly considered in this
great charter of freedom. 'I'liey had but one
singleclau.se in their favor, which stipulated that
no villein or rustier should by any tine be be-
reavid of his carts, his ))louglis, and instruments
of husbandry ; in other respects they wen; con-
sidered as a part of a ]M'()i)erty belonging to aii
estate, and were transferable along with tin;
horses, cows, and other movables, at the will
of the owner. — TvTi, Kit's Hist., Hook 6, ch. 8,
p. 14!».
382«. LAND, Division of. Bincjivinl. One
certain cfTect of the crusades must have been
great changes in territorial i)roi)erty through-
out the kingdoms of Europe. Tlie nobility and
barons who went on those expeditions were
obliged to sell their lands to defray their charges.
The lands ])asse(l into the hands of other jiropri-
etors, and their formi'r masters, such of them as
ever returned to their country, had expended the
whole of their fortunes. 'Tliis tluctuati(m of
jiroperty diininished the weight and influence of
the greater barons, and weakened the aristocTat-
ical spirit of the feudal system. The lands of a
single lord were likewise divided among a num-
ber of smaller jiroprietors, for few individuals
were then opulent enough to have purchased en-
tire lordships. This would nece.s.sarilv diffuse
a spirit of independence, and bring men nc'arer
to an efiuality of jiroperty. — Tyti.ku's Hiht.,
B(X)k 0, eh. 10, p. lOo.
3127. LAND, Ownership of. Eiiijlai.d. A
landi'd proprietor w ho held an estate under the
crown by knight service — and it was thus tliat
most of the soil of England was held — had to
l)ay a large fine on coming to his property. He
couhl not alienate one acre without purchasing
a '.icense. AVlieii he died, if his domains de.se^end-
cd to an infant, the .sovereign was guardian, and
was not only entitled to great jiait of the nnit.s
during theniinority, hut could recinin; the ward,
under heavy ix'iialties, to marry any jierson of
suitable rank. The chief bait wdiicli attracted a
needy .sycojihant to the court was the lio]>e of ob-
taining, as the reward of servilitj- and (lattery, a
royal letter to an heiress. Tlie.se abuses had per-
ished with the monarchy. — Macaul.vy's Eno.,
ch. 2, p. 143.
312§. LAND, Unimproved. Rfifin of Charles
II. The arable laud and pasture laud were not
LANDS— LAN'! UAOK.
3<;!>
supposed by the bent, pf)litic(il iiritlinicticiiiiis of
that age to iiinouiit to imicli more lliir litill llic
■a of the kiP"(loiii. 'I'lic rcmaiiulcr \\m-< 1>i'-
licvcd to consist of iiiofii', forest, and fen. 'I'liese
coiuj)Mtiilionsar('stniiigly contirniiMl liy tlie road-
hooks and niai)s of tlie seventeeiitli century.
From tliose hooks and nnips it is clear that many
routes wiiicii now pass throiitrii an ( iidh'ss s\ie-
C't'ssion of orciiards, hay-lields, and lieaii-tields,
thi'ii ran througli notliiiu; hut iieatii, swamp and
warren. — ,M.\(aii..vy's H.N(;., cii. -i. p. ^IKt.
31'iO. LANDS, Hereditary, ilnii,t,<J. To con-
C'iiiat<' tile affections of tlie soldiery was a very
material object with tiie first eniiierors ; and tor
tliiv jiurpose IK) policy seemed more oro])er tlian
to assign to them gifts of jxirtions of land in the
provinces where tliey were stationed. Tiiis, we
find, was tii<- case even in Italy, as we may learn
from tile first ami ninth eclogues of Virgil. Of
tli(-se distributions of land wetind fre([uent. men-
lion among the ancient Hoinan lawyers. They
became more frecpient among the latter emper-
ors, who found it necessary to court the favor
and su[)port of the army, now liecome the (lis
posers of the im.perial (iiadem. These distrilm-
tions of land were at first only for life. The
tirst who allowed them to descend to the heirs of
the grantees was Alexander Severus, who, as
l>ampridiu.s informs us, |)ermitted the lieirs of
the grantees to enjoy their possessions, f)n tlic ex-
press condition of their following the profession
of arms, ("onstiuitine tlic Great in like manner
made gifts of land to liis ])rineipal oflieers, per-
IM'tual and hereditarv. — Tyti.ek's Hist., Book G,
ell. 2, ]). 6").
3130. LANGUAGE, Adaptation of. Gird- and
Jioiiion. The two languages exercised at tlie
same time their separate jurisdiction tliroughout
tlie empire ; the former as the natural idiom of
science ; the latter as the legal dialect of i)ublic
transactions. Those who tinited letters with
busines.s were e(iually cf)nversant with both ;
and it was almost impossible, in any i)rovince,
to find a Itoinan subject, of a liberal education,
who w.is at once a stranger to the Greek and
to the Latin language. — Giubon's Komk, ch. 2,
p. 47.
3131. LANGUAGE, Contempt for. BitUle of
IldntiiKjfi. When the English fall the Normans
sliout. Each side taunts and deties the otlier, yet
neither knoweth what the other saitli ; and the
Normans say the English bark, because they un-
derstand not their speech. — I)i:( isivic U.vtii.ks,
§ a'2T.
3132. LANGUAGE and Manners. Romaux.
So sensible were the Itomans of the influence of
language over national manners, that it was their
most serious care to extend, with the jtrogress of
their arms, the use of the Latin tongue. — tJui-
ISO.NS l{o.ME, cli. 2, p. 44.
3133. . Eiirhj. Language, in the
early ]ieriods of every nation, is in a very rude
condition, and it is in tiiis imperfei'tioii and ap-
jiarent barrenness of the language that we shall
tind one cause for the lofty tone assumed by the
poetry. The words are few, but they are invari-
ably expressive. They are descriptive of the
strongest pa.ssion.s, of the deepest feelings of the
human heart — of patriotism and valor, of grief
and joy, of triumph and despair, of love and
hatred : of such feelings as are l<> be fotuid
among every uncultiviifed people — when nature
is certainly comparatively in a savage stale ;
when none of those fantastic and aititicial ideas,
and therefore none of tlio^e low and invipid ex-
jiressions have been introduced, which invariably
aeconi|),iny the proeessof luxury and relinement.
In tlir' ancient languages of a rude peoiile we tind
no redundancy of expletives, no unnecessiiry
wonis, no unmeaiiing synonymes, because lan-
guage is fdrnuMJ t(( describe what ])asses in the
minds (ir before the eyes of those who use it.
Even in tlieir common discourse, and still mure
in their war-songs, or their solemn harangues,
the speakers were actually com])elled to be ner-
vous, concise, and freciuently metaphorical. The
high-llowii and figurative style must have then
become as much a matter of neces.siiy, owii i to
the barrenness of the language, as tlie etTeet of
taste or imagination. AV'heii man first found liim-
.self in society, the Almighty, in the language
which He created for him, did not furnish him
with what was calculated to delineate the minu-
ter feelings of the heart, or the more det-ailed
and delicate scenery of nature, but with that
broad and bolder ])encil which could descrilie
those conflicting passions which then tore his
mind, or those awful solitudes with which he
wasthen surrounded. — Tyti. Kit's Hist., Book 4,
ch. :J, p. 42G.
3131. LANGUAGE, Origin of. Kinmid J»hn-
Soil, TaJkingof tlieorigin of language. Joiin-
so.N : " It must have come by inspiration. A
thousand — nay, a million of cliildren could not
invent a language. While the organs are i)liable,
there is not undi'rstandingeiiough to form a lan-
guage ; liy the time that there is understanding
enough, the organs are become still'. \N'e know
tliiit after a certain ag(! we Ciuinot learn to pro-
nounce a new language. No foreigner who
comes to England when advanced in lifi; ever
lironouiices English tolerably well ; at least, such
instances are very rare. When I maintain that
languag(! must have; C(mie b\- inspiration, I do
not mean that inspiration isrecpiircd for rhetoric,
and all the beauties of language; for when onc(!
man has language, we can conceive that he may
gradually form nioditkatioiis of it. I mean only
that inspiration seems to me to be necessary to
give man the faculty of si)eech ; to inform him
that he may have sjx'ci'h ; which I think he
could no more tind out without inspii-ation than
cows or hogs would think of such a faculty." —
Boswkll's Johnson, ]). 49.').
3135. LANGUAGE, Paradisaic. l\n<ldi,. [^hx-
liomet recominended the Persian language to the
use of jiaradise, it being a smooth and elegant
idiom.] — Gihhon's Ko.me, ch. 42, y. 210.
3136. LANGUAGE, Training in. Roiii,ini>.
Next to this care of the mother, or the female
tutor, in instilling the rigid princii>le of p;rtriotic
virtue, a very remarkable degree of attention
a])pears to have been bestowed by the Romans in
accustoming their children to correctness of lan-
guage and purity of expression. Cicero informs
us that the Gracchi were educated non tain iii.
f/rotiio (/'Kim in scrmone iiiatn'K. And in speak-
ing of Ctirio, who was one of the best orators of
his time, he a(hls, that without possessing the
rules of liu-- art, and without any knowledge of
the laws, he had attained to eminence merely
370
LAUOHTEU-LAW.
I
1/
ii
' I
from till' clf^iiiio! iiiiil piirilv of lli^ iliclion.
Tliis Mifciiiioii (i) the liiiiifiia^fc of i-liildii'ii uiiiy
nppciir, iii llicsc iiioiicrii (l,iy-<, iiii iilisiiril iiiiil
UHolfss rcrmciiU'til. Aiiioim- (he Uoiiiiins it was
not flioiiLclii so. 'riicy wci'c Well uvviirc liow
iiuicli till' niiiii is iiilluciiciMl liy llic earliest iiii-
])r(ssi()tis and lialiilsof infancy. Tlicy suspected,
and not willionl jiisi ;;roiinils, thai liii'y \\ lio he
canic familiar with I he ianiiiiaiic and expressions
of liiiir slaves were likely lo he inilialed al>o in
tlieir vices, and lo liecome reconciled to their
ideas of servility and dependence. That tirhniiHii
upon which this people so mucii prided them
selves in the more advanced periods of the com-
monwealth was nolhimr else than a certain man
ly eleirance, which distinniiishe(l the Roman
citizens from those nations whom they account-
ed liarl)aroiis. — Tyti, Kit's Ilisr,, IJoo'k ((, ch, ;i,
p. \'i:.\.
;ii:i7. LAUGHTER, Importance of. Ltfuriiint.
Jiycurirns [ilie lawLrivci') . . . (•edicated a little
statue I . the u'od of laughter in each hall, lie
considered facetiousness as a seasoniiii; of the
hard c.vcrcise and diet, and therefore ordi'fed it
to laki' place on all proper occasions, in their
conunoii entci'taiiunenls and i)arties of ])leasure.
— I'l,lT.VI{( IIS LVCI IKWS,
3 1 ;|«. LAW, Above. Junuxll. Itwas(h'ter-
mined that the nuncio should tro lo court in
.solemn proces-iinn. Some persons on wiiose
(ihedieiice the kiiiic had counted showed, on this
occasion, for the first lime, siu'iis of u iiiiilinous
spirit. Anionic these the most conspicaious was
tile second temporal peer of the realm, Charles
Seymour, commonly callccl the proud Duke of
Somersel. lie was, in truth, amiiniii whom the
jiride of liirlli and rank aniounted almost to a dis-
ease, .. . .Some meiiiliers of his f.imily iinplon.'d
liiiii not to draw on himself the royal (lis|)leasi.re,
•nit their entreaties jiroducod no elTcct. 'i'hu
kiiiT liimself e.\|)ostiilated. "I thouu:lit, my
Kird,' .said he. ■■that I was doin^r you a ijn'al
lionor in ai^iiointinn' you to escort the minisierof
the first of all crowned heads." " .Sir," said the
duke, '■ I am advised tiiat 1 cannot obey your
iSIajesty without breakiiii,'' the law." ■' 1 will
make you fear me as well as the law," answered
the kiiiu'. insoleiilly. " Do you not know that I
(im nhove the law ':" " Your Ma,jesty inav he
iihove the law." re|)li('d .Somerset, ■•hut f am
not ; and while I ohey the law I fear notliim;'. "
The kiiii;- turned away in hii^li displeasure, and
Somerset w.is instantly dismissed from liis posts
in the household and in the army. [.James soon
after was a fuiritive and an e.xile.] — ]M.vt'.VL'i,.\Y's
Eno.. ch. S, ]). -.J.-)!).
3i:i». LAW, Delay of the. Jflni ILimpdni.
[In Ki:}!) '■ .loliii Hampden. I'>s(|.," refused to pay
an illeiral tax of iJl.s. i'xl. " There were six weeks
of solemn ])leadinLr in the Exche(iuer ('liamher
before all the jiid,L-es— the ij;reatesl cause that
ever was tried in Westminster Hall — followed by
many months of judicial deliberation, before the
kinir's v\\x\\\ to enforce the tax of ship-money was
udjudiicd to he lawful. llamiKleii refused to
pay 2U.'«. assessed upon Iiis lands. The formal
pleadinirs upon the writ occu])ied five months
l)efore the (piestion came to he argued. The
speeches of the crown lawyers and of Hamp-
(len'.s counsel occupy one hundred and seventeen
pages iu Kusliworth's fulio volume. After these
protracted arLCuments before the jud>;es, three
terms were oecupi<'d by them in >,nviiij; their
opinions They were not iiitreed in tlieir jud^j-
meiil. It was tiiiallv decided that the lax was
lawful.] — KNKiirr's'lvsd., vol. ;i, ch. -iW, p. Vi'i.
:tl'IO. LAW, Ignorance of. lionnniM^ It wa.s
reckoned dishonorable for any persoi nf the pa-
Iriciaii rank not to have thoroughly .studied tlie
laws and the constitiilion of his coiinlry. In one
of the laws of the Koniaii ])andecls an anecdote
is recorded of Sulpitius, a gentleman of tli(^ pa-
trician order, who had occasion 'o resort for ad-
' \ice to C^uinlus Mucins Scievola, liieii the ino.st
eminenl lawver in Home. — Tyti, Kit's Hist.,
Mook i, ch. ;i, ]). 4•^^.
I 3111. LAW levels all. Kinpi ror Jiilinn. Dur-
ing Ihe games of llw circus he had, imprudent-
ly or designedly, iierformed llie manumission
1 of a slave in the presence of the consul. The
; moment he was reiniiided that li<' had lres])a.s,sed
on the jurisdiction of inmlhir iiiagislrale, he con-
demned himself to pay a line of leii pounds of
gold ; and cinliraced this public occasion of dt;-
claring to Ihe world that he was subject, like
the rest of his fellow-citizens, to tlii! laws, and
i even lo Ihe forms, of the republic, — Uidhon's
Uo.MK, ch. 'i-i. p. 40:?.
'AlVi. LAW, Majesty of. Pnihrtinn. The poor-
est man in his collage may bid detiance to all
the forces of Ihe (•rowii. It may be frail ; its
roof may shake ; tlie storm may enter it ; hut the
King of England ciinnot enter it. All his pow-
er dares not cross the threshold of that ruined
tenement. [Speech of ('liatham.j — Kniomt's
E.NO., vol. 1, ch. \-i, p. 10(5.
!tl'i:i. LAW, Mockery of. ItonmnK. The gov-
crniu's of the provinces being chosen from those
who have been consuls or pra'tors, were neces-
sarily members of the Senate. I'eeulalion and
extortion in these high functions were otTences
in the theory of gravest kind; but the olTeiid-
cr could only be tried befori! a limited number
of his |)eers. and a governor wlio had plundered
a subject State, .sold justice, pillaged temples,
and stolen all that he could lay hands on, was
safe from punishment if he returned to Rome a
millionaire and would admit others to a share in
his spoils. The provincials might .send deputa-
tions to complain, but these complaints came
before men who had themselves governed prov-
inces or else aspired to govern them. It had
been proved in too many instances that the law
which professed to prot(!ct them was a aiere
mockery — ^''uoidk's t'.Ks.vu, ch. JJ.
SIM. LAW, Novice in. Piitrirk Heni-y. He
married at eighteen ; attenii)le(l trade ; toiled
.successfully as a fanner; then with buoyant
mind resolved on becoming a lawyer ; and an-
swering (luestions successfully by "the aid of .six
weeks' study of Coke upon Littleton and the stat-
utes of Virginia, he gained a license as a barris-
ter. For three years the novice dwelt under tin;
roof of his father-in-law, an innkeeper, , . . ig-
norant of the .science of l;iw, and slowly learning
its forms. — Banc itoKT's V . S., vol. .'), ch. 9.
i<l'l5. LAW overturned. Cfiarlcs IT. Mean-
while, rapiil strides were made toward despot-
ism. Proclamations, disi)ensing with acts of Par-
liament, or enjoining what only Parliament c.mld
lawfully enjoin, appeared in rapiil successiou.
LAW— LAWS.
371
or llHM'iMlicIs, the imist liuporliiiit wan tlic Dcc-
liinilidii of liidiilircrn'c. My tliit iiislnmiciil the
|)('iml Imwm iiii'iiinsi Uoniiin Ciitlidlii's wcrciil omc
set aside liy mynl aullioiilv ; and, that the n iil
oliji'cl (if till' iiicasiiri' iiiii;lil iiiil lir iM'iccivcd,
the laws aLniiiwI I'rolcslanl Noiicnnrnriiiisis were
also s\is|)i'ii(l((l. — Macai i.Av's Kn(i., cli. :.',
p. ',ni','.
:i|.|«. LAW, Partiality of the. Knuhiml. \\\\
till' middle of llie eiiiiileeiilli cciitiiry I*ars<iti
Adams is taken liefore a fox Imiilin;? justice,
U'lio| will not at once condemn liim to the liani;'-
nian. "No, no; you will he asked what yon
have to say fof yoiii'self wlieii yon come on your
trill) ; we are not Ifyinj; you now ; I shall only
commil you to ^xiiol," In vain the ])oor curate
iiskeil, " Is it no punishment, sir, for an inno-
cent man to he several months in traol ?" His
iiiillimus would have heen sii^ned had not a hy-
.staiider allirmeil that Mr. Adams was a clergy-
man and a u^eiitleman of i^ood character. " '{"hen,"
.said the justice, " 1 know how to heliave myself
to a LTentleman as well as another. Nohody can
•say 1 have committed a p'ntU'inan since ] have
heen in the conunission." — Kmoht'h E.no.,
\ol. 7, eh. G, II. \y)>^.
31 17. LAW, Sacredness of. S>rriit)'n. lie was
.sentenced, after an imprisonment of thirty days,
tculrink the juice of hemlock. That lime he spent
as hecame the hero and the ])liiloso])her. His
friends had ]ire|)ared the means of iiis I'scape,
and earnestly endeavored to persuade him to at-
tempt, it ; hut he convinced them that. it. is a
crime to violate the law, even where its sen
teiice is unjust. — TvTMMj'rt Hist., Hook 2, eh. '2.
p. ir)(i.
:tl'|H. LAW, Supremacy of . AV(V,«(07/. [Charles
H., in l<)7;i, in detiaiice of law, made the " Dec-
laration of Indulu'ence."] ]Mr. Alderman ],ove,
one of the memhers [of Parliament] for the ( ity
of London, opposed the declaration. A inemher
said to him, " Why, Mr. Love, you area Dissent-
er yourself; it is very uiif^rafeful that you who
receive thehenelit should ohject a,u;ainsl"th(! man-
ner." llere])lied ; " I amu Dis.senter, and tliere-
hy uidiappily ohnoxious to the law. The law
ai^ainst the Dissee.ters I slioidd he triad to see n;-
l)eal"d hy the same authority that made it ; hut
while it is a law the kinj^ cannot n.'iieal it hy proc-
lamation ; and I had much rather see IIk; Dis-
senters sufTer from the riiror of the law, though
1 sutler with them, than see all the laws of Eng-
land trami)le(l undertlu; foot of tlu; iirerogative,
as in this example." — Knioht's E.vu., vol. 4,
ch. 1!>, \^. ;{',>().
:tl l)>. LAW suspended, R'>n>f. It had long
heen the rule at Uome that no oHicer of justice
or fhiance could enter the dwelling iidiahited hy
the minister who represented a ('atholic State.
In process of time, not ordv the dwelling, hut a
large precinct round it, was held inviolalile. . . .
At length hidf the city consisted of ])rivileged
districts, within which the papal government iiad
no more power than within the Ijouvre or tlu;
Escuri;il. Every asylum was thronged with con-
trah.md traders, fraudulent hankrupts, thieves,
and assassins. In every asylum were colleetecl
magazines of stolen or smuggled goods. From
every asylum rutlians sallied forth nightly to
plunder and stiih. In no town of Christendom,
consequently, was law so impotent and wicked-
nes.M HO audacious as in the luielent capital of re-
ligion and civili/.ation. On thissuhject Innocent
felt as hecamea i)riest and a prince. He declared
that he would receive no and)a.ssa(lor who in-
sisted on a right so destructive of order and mo-
rality. - .Macai i.av's E.No., ch. !t, p. Kr,*.
IllSO. LAW, Teohnicallties of the. Pih/rim
h'litliirx. I Long sought a patent ot thi' London
Company for a home in the American wilder-
ness.) At last, in KHit, its meiidiers, in their open
court, writes on<' of the I'ilgilnis, " demanded
our ends of going ; which heing related, they said
the thing was of Ood, and granted a large pat-
ent." lieing taken in the name of one who failed
to accom|iany the ex]ie(lition, the patent was
never of the least ser\ice. — Ma.N( noi'Ts l' S.,
vol. 1, ch. H.
:tl5l. LAW, Unprotected by. /{n'f/ii nf J,niie»
If. I Protestantism had heen suppressed and Ca-
tholicism ]iromote(l in Ireland.] Those who had
lately heen the lords of the island now cried out,
in the hitterness of their souls, that they had he-
come a prey iin<l a laughingstock to their own
serfs and menials ; that houses were hurned and
calile stolen with impunity ; that the new [( 'atho-
lie| soldiers roamed the coimtry, pillagmg, in-
sulting, ravaging, mainung, tossing one Protes-
tant in a hlankel. lying u|i another hy llu hair,
and scourging him ; that to aii|ieal to the law was
vain ; that Irish Jiulges, sherills, juries, and wit-
nesses were idl in league to sa\e Irish criminals,
. . . the whok' .soil would soon ch.ange hands . . .
In every action of ejectment under th<' adminis-
tration of [lord-lieutenant] Tyreonnel, judgnu'iit
had heen given for the native against the Eng-
lishman. — .Macai I, ay's IO.no., ch. HI, p. 147.
UlSa. LAW, Without. Ent/l.'K/i Cihimt. Few-
things in our history are more curious than the
origin and growth of the jiower now possessed
hy th(!cal)inet. . . . During many years old-fash-
ioned politicians continui'd to regard the eahinet
as an unc( istitutional and dangerous hoard.
Nevertheless, it constantly hecanii' more and
more important. It at length drew to itself the
chief executive power, iuid has now heen regard-
ed, during several generations, as an essential
part of our j)olity. Vet, strange to say, it still
continues to he altogether unknown tc the law.
— Macai'i.av'h Enm;., ch. 2, p. 11)7.
3153. LAWS, Broken. The Roium, ('i,us>il.
Tar(piin'.us .'^u|)erl)us had trampled on all the con-
stitutional restraints i\m] on all the regidatioiLS
of the i»rece(ling sovereigns. He h;id n< v^ as-
sendiled the senate, nor called together ' (!>• peo-
ple in the Coniitid. He is e\cn said ro have de-
stroyed or hroken the taolets on which the laws
were written, in order to elVace all rememhrancu
of them. It was necessary, therefore, after his ex-
]iulsion, that new tahlels should l)e framed. —
Tvti.kk's Hist., Hook 3, ch. ;5, p. 309.
315 1. LAWS disregarded. Anwrintii Colon iin.
[Th(^ Importation Act of Parliiunent was jiassed
in 17:53.1 ExorhitanI duties were laid on all the
sugar, molasses, and rum iinporte^l into the col-
onies. At first the ])ayment of these unreasonahle
customs was evaded hy ihe merchants, .and then
the statute was openly set at naught, m 1750 it
was futher enacted that iron-works should not he
erected in America. The manufacture of steel
wa.s specially forhiddeii, and the felling of pines
^^s^
37'
I, A us.
». '''
i
(us( till I'ur Kriirlisli ship niiists) diitsidc <i|' en-
(•Insures wiis iiili'nliflcd. All llicsc hnrs wcrcdis.
rcKiirdrd {Hid di'iKiiinccd by llic |m'ii|iI(' nl' till'
colniiirs ,is licinif iiiijiisi niid iMimnidd. — Hill-
TAIIIS r. S.. rh. :i:,'|i. '.'ST.
.'I I. "15. LAWS, Enforcement of. (i.;,,/. \\ Ik n
Atiarliiilsis UiK'W wliiit Suldii \\;is ididiil, lie
liiUL;licd ... lit llic iilisiiiditv (if iiii;ii;iiiiiii.'- hi'
cdiild rcstiiiiii llic MViiricc and In jiislicc i>\ Ids cjii-
Zclis liy irritti n hlim, irliirh in iill n kihi'Im n si iiihlnl
n/iidtr.s' inhx, (iiiil iroiili/, liky tlain, milji niliiiKjIi
iliid huh) thr piior mill inii/,\ irliili' tin' rlrli iiiiil
jHiiri rj'iil iiisilfi li''iik(' thrii\i(ili tlmn. To lliis So-
lon replied : " .Men keep llieir iiureeineiil.s when
il is .'111 iidviinliiire to liolh piii'lies not to hrenk
them;" and he would so frame his laws as to
make it .'\ ident to tlie Atlieiiiaiis that it would lie
more for their inlei'est to ohserve than to trans-
gress them. — I'l.riAKcn's Solon.
« 1 5«. LAWS, Obsolete. Kufuvcl. Henry VII.
enforced olisolete laws, ill order toolitain nionev
from the wealthy London merchants, in which
false witnesses, called promoters, ncre systemati-
callv einplovcd. — Knkiiit'h Eno., vol. ij, ch. IT),
J). i\\.
;il57. LAWS, First printed, HihjIiukI. [In
1-1S4, 1 for the lirst time, tin; laws to hi' oheved liy
the Knglish )ieople arc enacted in the l-jiirlisli
tongue. Mut hcyoiid this, they are the first laws
in our land which were ever ])rinled. — Knioiit's
K.\(i., vol. •,>, ell. l',», p. •,>(Kl.
!tl5§. LAWS, Proposal of. Atln ninns. It wan
ft singular iicculiarily of the constitution of
Athens, and, as Plutarcii informs us, likewise of
Thelics, that after a law was voted and passed in
the assemlily of thr peojilc, the proposer of the
law ini_,lit ha\'e t)cen <itcd in tlie ordinary civil
courts, tried, and hroULdit to ]iunisliment,"if the
court was of o]»inion that the law was iircjudicial
to the ])ulilic. This iicculiarity is noticed jii one of
Mr. Hume's political essays ("" Of Some Heniark-
!d)le Customs" ), and that author mentions scvt^ral
c.xamitles in the (Jrcciaii history, amoiiir the rest
the trial of I'tesiphon, for that law whiihhe had
]iro|)(iscd and carried, for rewardinir the services
of I)('inosthcncs with a crown of irold — a trial
which liiive occasion to two of the most sjileiidid
and animated orations that remain to us of the
composition of the ancients — the orations of
^schines and I)em<istlicnes. — Tvti.ku's Hist.,
Book I, eh. 10, ]). !()().
315!). LAWS, Severe. Salm,. Solon ri'i)eale(l
the laws of Draco, except those conccrnimr mur-
der, because of the -.cvcrity of the punishments
they a]ii>oiiited. which for almost all oll'eiices
were c,Mi)ital ; even those that were convicted of
idleness were to suffer death, and such as stole i
r>nly a few a])plesor potherbs were to be ])uiiish-
cd in the same inaniicr as saci'ilciiious ])crsons
and murderers. Hence a sayiiin- of Demades,
who lived lonir after, was much admired, that
Draco wrote his laws not with ink, but with blood.
And he himself being asked why he made death
the i)uiiisliinciit for most oireiices, answered,
' Small ones deserve it, and I can find no i.M'eat-
er for the most heinous." — Pijt.vkcii's Soi.u.n.
3B<(0.
P^;i)ljitiiin. The ]ienal laws
of H.L^ypt were remarkably severe. Whoever had
it in his power to save the life of u citizen and
neglected that duty, was punished as hi.s murder-
er -ii law which we must presume admitted of
much limit.'itioii, neeording to circumstances. It
appears to have been from the sniie nioii\c u\
preserving the lives of the eiti/ens, that if a per
son was found murdered, the city wiihiii whose
liouiids the murder had been eommitled \\,is
obliiicd to enibalm the body in the mo»l eu^lly
manner, and be-tow on il the most sumptuniis
funeral, i'crjiiry was justly held a capital crime ;
for there is no otfem c prodiictixc of iimre perni-
cious conscipicnces to sneiety. ( 'aluiiininli irs
were condeiniied to the same iiunishmeni \\ hicli
the calumniated person either had or mi ^ lit have
siilfercd, had the calumny been belic\ed. The
citizen who was so base as to disclose the secrets
of the State to its enemies was punished li\- the
cutting out of his tongue ; and the forger of pub-
lic instruments or private deeds, t he counterfeit er
of the current coin, and the user of false weights
and measures, were condemiicd to have both
their hands cut off. Tlie laws for the ))reseivation
of the chastity of women weie extremelv rigid :
emasculation was the imnishment of him who
violated a free woman, and burning to death
was the punishnient of an iididterer. — Tvii.i;i{'s
Hist., I5ook 1, <h. I, p. :{r.
31((l. LAWS, Sumptuary, Riudidis. In order,
if po-sible, to restrain such extreme luxury, w
variety of sumptuary laws were iiromulgated
from time to time, some of them limiting the
mimber of dishes, others the number of guests,
and others the expense to be bestowed on an enter-
tainment; but all these attem]its were coin|ilete-
ly unsuccessful. How, in elTect, could it have
been possiiile to bring back ancient siini)licity,
unless they could have also recalled ancient ])ov-
erty '.' \\ hen a state has once become generally
oi)ulent, the expenses of the rich must keep]ia('e
with their fortunes, otherwise the poor wnuld
want employment and subsistence. It is luxury
that is silentiy levelling that ine(|uality. or at least
keci)ing fortunes in a constant lluctiiation. . . .
A\'e may wish that l{oine had remained poor and
virtuous; but, being once great and opilent, it
was to have reipiired an imiiossibility that she
should not have been luxurious. — Tvti.imi's
Hist., n<iok 4. ch. 5, p. 4.")].
3102. . Roiiiitii. Ca'sar made an
effort, ill which Augustus afterward imitated
him, to check the lu.xury which was eating into
the Hoinaii chai'acter. He forbade the idle young
l)atriciaiis to be carried about by slaves in jilti is.
The markets of the world had been ransacked to
jirovide dainties for these gentlemen. 1 le ajiiioiut-
ed insiicctors to surxcy the dealers' stalls, and oc-
casionally prohibited dishes were carried oil' frnm
the diniier-t.able under the eyes of the disap]i(iint-
(■(1 guests. Enemies enough ('lesariiiiidc by these
ineasures ; but it could not be said of him that he
allowed indulgences to iiimself which he inter-
dicted to others. His domestic econoiny was
strict and sim])ie, the accounts being kejit to a
sesterce. His frugality was liosi)itabie. He had
two tables jilways — one for liis civilian friends,
another for his otiicers. who dined in uniform.
The food was jilain, but the best of its kind ; ami
lie was not to be iilayed with in such matters.
An unlucky baker who siijiplied his guests
with bread of worse (piality than he furnished for
himself was put in chains. — Fhocdk's C.ks.vh.
ch. 26.
LAWS-I.KADKM.
IWA
SIIOSC. LAWS, Suipeniion of. /.iii-iiliniioiiiinin.
iWlirli the l.iK'i'dii'llKiniuiiH liiiil lii'i'ii ilcl'cMlnl lit
iCilcliii liicy well' liMi i; illy li'diicccl in sliciiulll
mill iiuii'lifiN to (•iiI'dici' the laws imuiii-l llio^c
wliu had tied ill liattlc. | In this |H'|)lc\ily llicv
had 111 oi use to Ajfcsiiaiis, and invi'sicd liii'n w illi
new powers (d' Icuislalinii, Hut he, wilhuut innk
iiii.'' any additinn, I'l'lri'iichniint, urchanui', wi'iil
inlii till' asMiiilily, and Inid llii' Lai'i'ihcninnians
till' laws should sl('c|i that day, and ri'sunu' thrir
aiillioiitv till' day follow iiiir, und frtain it I'or
(■\ir \)y this iiirans he pii'si'rvrd to the Stair
its laws I'lilirc, as well as tlu' uhiioxioiis iiirsoiis
I'loiii iiilainy, — I'l.i lAKi IIS Aoiosii.Ai s,
:il<(l. LAWS, Unwritten. Spurf.ni. I.vcur-
IfUs did not |i(iiiiit his laws to hr writlcn, 'I'liry
Vtvrc tVw and siini)l(', and were iiiipri'sscd on
the inrinory of the youth Ity llirir panaits and
inasti'i's, ronliniialU' rrnrw't'd in liirii- iniiids hy
till' conversation oi their I'Idci's, and inosi cU'eei-
ually enforced liy the daily practice of their
li\fs. — TviMIKS llisi. , iiooU I. ( h. !(.
:il«.'». LAWYER, An ignorant. /'uMius (',.//, i.
I'uliliiis Cotta. who alVecled to lie lhoiii;ht an
aliii' lawyer, tliounh he had neither learning- nor
capacity, lieiiii,^ called in as a witness in a certain
cause, declared he knew nolliin;;- of the mat
ler, " I'erliaps," said Cicero, "you think I
am askiiiLC you some iiuesiion in law." — i'l.i-
TAKI II.
:il««. LAWYERS, Arts of. /ionniN. In the
decline of Uomaii jurisprudence, the ordinary
proiiKnion of lawyers was prcLjnant with mis-
chief and d.isirrace. The nohle art. which had
once lieeii preserved as the sacred iiihcritancc of
the iiatricians, was fallen into the liiiiids of freed-
meii and iilelieians. who, with ciinninn' rather
than with skill, exercised a sordid and |)eriii-
cious trade. Some of them procured admittance
into families for the purpose of fomentinjr dif-
t'erences, of encouraiiiii!;' suits, and of prej ai'im^
a harvest of liain for ihemselves or their hrctli-
reii. Others, recluse in their chambers, main-
tiiincd the dinnityof lesial professors liy fiu'iiisli-
iiii: a rich client with siihtleties to confound the
])laiiiest truths, and with aru;umcnts to color the
most unjust ili.'ihit; i)retensions. 'I"he siilcndiil
and jiopular class was composed of the advo-
cates, who tilled the Forum with the sound of
their tuncid and lo(|uiu'ious rhetoric. Careless
of fame and of justice, they are descrilied, for
the most part, as ii^norant and ra])acious f,^uidi's,
who conducted their clients throutrh a maze of
expense, of delay, and of di.sap])()intmenl ; from
whence, after a tedious .series of years, they
were at leni^th dismissed, when their iiatience
and fortune were almost exhausted. — CriitiioN's
KoMii, eh. IT, p. 1:2;5.
3167. LAWYERS, Hatxed of. liy (in-m,inx.
'I"hc CJermans, who exterminated Varus and his
leirions, had lieeii i)articidarly oll'ended with the
Komaii laws and lawyers. One of the barbari-
ans, after the elTectual ])re<autioiis of cuttint;'
out the tonirue of an advocate, and sewinsjj iii>
his mouth, observed, with much satisfaction,
that the viper could no longer hiss. — Giuuon's
lloMK, cli. 33. p. 399.
3168. LAWYERS imprisoned. For Deceit.
[The statute of 1375] provided that no sergeant
or pleader slioukl use deceit to beguile the court,
under pain of inipri onment. — K muii i s IIm...
vol. 1, ch. •.'.■). p. :!.s,").
3I6». LAWYERS, Patriotic. .V-"- )-/•/ ad,
17<l"», I'I'hc Stamp ,\cl was i\erywliere resisted.
(fo\( 'nor Coldeli yielded to the people reluct-
aiilly. and no siamjis Were iss icd. | "'{"he law
M'ls," he wrote, ..." of this place are the all
tlioi's and conductors of the preseni sedition if
jud'.:es be sent irorii Kiiu-laiid, with an able at-
torney general and soliritor i;encral. to make
examples of some \el ' few. this colony will Ic-
niain quiet. "— II. VMiioi'i's I'. S.. \o|, ,">, ch. 111.
3irO. LAWYERS, Special. I{n)/i, nf .' nnrs 1 1.
Sa\v\cr had been siilVeicd to retain his siiiiaii<jn
more than a year and a half after he h.id de-
clared against the dispensiiii:' powci'. This ex-
traordiiiar\ iiiduli^eiice heoweil to the extreme
dilllculty which the government found in sup
plyiiiii' his |il;ice. It was necessary, for the |iro
lection of the pecuniary interests of the crown,
that at least one of the two chief law olllcers
should Ilea man of iibility and knowledge, . . .
It had been impossible to provide a better solic-
ilor-iieiieral than I'ow is. a niiin w bo indeed sliick
at nothing, but w ho w as incoinpeteiil to |ierform
the ordinary duties of his posi. In these circuin-
stances, it was thouiihl desiralile that there
should be a division of labor. .\ii .'iitorncy, the
value of whose pidfcssioii.d talents was much
diminished by his conscientious scruples, wiis
coiinled with a solicitor whose want of scruples
made some amends for his want of talents.
When the government wished to enforce tin;
law, recourse was had to Sawyer. When the
government wished to break the law, recourse
was had to I'ow is. This arrangement lasted till
the king obtained the services of an advocite
who was at once baser than I'owis and abler
tliiin Sawyer. — .M.vc.vi i..vv's Km;., ch. H, p. 31.").
31 ri. LAYMEN ignored. Mi.t/i Cnihir//. It
is curious to remark that while the clergy were
steadily aiming at temporal power, secular
princes, as if interchanging character with them,
seem to have fixed their chief attention on sjiir-
itiial concerns, '{'he monastic life was now
unis'crsally in the highest esteem, and nothing
could e(|Ual the veneration th.it was paid to such
as devoted themselves to the sacred gloom and
indolence of a conTcnt. . . . Kings, dukes, and
counts, regarding their secular duties as mean
and sordid, beheld with contempt everything
that regarded this world, iiiid, abandMiiing their
thrones and temporal honors, shut Iheniselves
u]) ill monasteries, and devoted themselves en-
tirely to the exercises of ])rayer and mortitica-
tion. Others, whose zeal had not led llieiii
(piilc so far. showed their rc\eienc(.' fi/r the
church by employing ecclesiastics in every dc-
partnient of .secular government. At this tiiiu;
all embassies, negotiations, and treaties of State
were conducted by monks and abbots, who most
natunilly contrived that all ])ublic measures
should contribute to the great end of ailvancing
the sovereign and |iaramount jurisdiction of the
l)o]>e and tiie ecclesiastical councils.— 'I'yti.ek'h
Hist., Hook (5. ch. 4, p. 9.").
3ira. LEADER, Matchless, Ifiiin/ Cl<ni. Oth-
er men have excelled him in spccilii' [lowers,
but ill the rare combination of ipialities which
constitute at once tlie matchless leader of party
and the statesman of consumiiuUo ability and
;j;t
LKADKll I.I;AI{.MN(J.
|j44
iiic\liiiiisllM(' n SI II I lie, 111' litis never lieeii iiir
|iMKHei| liy liny lllilll s|ieilkiri^ llie I'ln^Misli tiiii>rMe.
-Ul.MNi;'^ 'I'WKMV VkaIIH 111.' ('liN()HI>S, vol.
I, i>. KIH,
:i I r:i. LEADER, Noble. John Wnil/m./,. In
(lie \eiii' |(l:t() iiliiiilt llil'i'i' liilliilreil iil' llie lievi
I'lll'lliin raillilles ill till' kiiiuiliini ealiie Id New
Kiij.''ImiiiI. Nnl iiiheiiliirei'-*, iml vnpilioiidH, were
lllese linive peiipii', liiil virlilniis, well cilu
Cllleil. cnlirilireiillHlilell fUliI Wiillleil, wliii fiireiili
Hlii'liee' siike lel'l eiiliil'iilttlllle liiirile-^, W Itli nil ev
|)eeliilinn iil' I'el urllinL^ It WHS mil llie leiisl ol'
llieir ;{(iiii| rnrlillli' In elmuse a imlile leailer. Il
ever It lllilll wan worlliy In lie lli'lil III |ier|ielllal
reiiieiiiliraiire. Ilia! niaii Was Jiiliii \V iiilliri >|i,
(iiiveriKir 1)1' .Masxaeliiisells. Miirn a ruyalisl. lie
cliei'islieil llie |iriiii'i|i|es III' ri'|iiilili('aiiisni. iiiiii
sell' an I':|iiseii|ialliiii. lie ilicse nlllletioii Willi
the I'lirilaiis. Siirnninileil with allliieiKe ihkI
eninrnrl, lie lel'l all to sliai'e l!ie ilesliny nf llii'
|iel'seeiiteil l'ili;riliis. < 'aim, iMUilenI, and iieaee
alile, lie jiiiiieil llie /eal of an enllillsiast willi
tiiesiililiine I'ailli nl'a iniiil\ r.~-l{ii)i'.\ tii'h {' . S.,
eh. l;!. p. \'M.
:»ir I. LEADER, Uni.atural. //--/,/. 'I'lie tail,
it seem.s, one ilay i|iiaiielleil with the head, and
instead of lieiii;; I'oieed always to I'ollow, in
Kisleil thai il should lead in lis luvii. Accord
in^fly, the tail undertook llie eharue, niid as il
moved I'orward al all advenliires, ji toreilsell' ii.
a terrilile manner ; and the head, wliieli was
thus olilined, auaiiist, nature, to follow a ;iuide
thai eould neither see nor hear, siillered likewise
ill iis turn. — i'l.i r.MK ii.
:»I75. LEADERS, Change of. Ii-ii,un,^. Mv the
lUlhol'lhenionlh |.luly, lWil| the w hole Con I'el-
erali' army had relired w ithin the del'eiieesot' At
Inula. This si roll j^liold of I he ( on federal 'V was a I.
once liesien'cd. Men' were; the ;ii'i'al niaehine-
sliops, foundries, ear-works, and depots of sup-
]ili('S, uiioii the |)ossession ot which so much dc
pi'iided. Al the very lic^iniiin|idf the sieiic the
cautious and skilful (}eneral .lolinston was super-
seded liy the r.'isli hut darinir (Jeneral.l. H. Hood,
h wastlie iiolicy of Ihc hitler to Ii;;lit .'it whatever
liazard. On the lidtli, t»2d, and L'Sih of .Fidy he
made threcdespcrati! assaults on llii! I'nion lines
around Atlanta, hut was repulsed with dreadful
losses in each en,i;a,i;eiiieiil. In the three (tontlicts
the Conlederatcs lost, more men than .lolinston
had lost in all his masterly relrealiiii; and ti^dit-
ing liclwecn Clialtanooii-.'i and Allanla. For
more than ii monlli the siei>'e was iu'esscd with
great viiz:oi'. At lust, liy an incautious move-
nienl, Hood separated his army; Shi'rnian
thrust a column helweeii the two divisions ; and
the imiiiediale evacuation of Atlanta followed.
On tlie'~dof Septemher the I'liion army marched
into the cai)liired city. Since leuvinir Chatta-
nooga General Sherman liad lost fully :50,0()()
men ; and tlio Confederale losses wen^ even
greater. . . . [On the l.")th of Decemher General
Ilood was defeated at Nashville. |. . . The Con-
federale army was ruined, and the rash general
who had led it to destruction was relieved of
his command. — Uioi-atii's V. S.,cli. GO, p. 520.
.1170. LEADERSHIP, Omen of. 7'ar(/>iin. Tar-
quin, during some of his wjirs, had vowed to
erect a temple to .lupiter, .Juno, and .Minerva ;
Imt he lived only to see the work begun. Inilig-
ging for tlie foundation of this structure, on (he
lop of the Tarpcian Hill, the >kull of a man wim
found a very ordlniiry occurrence, Inil wlihli
llicaugnr-* declared to lie u presage thai Uoliir
was one day to I: 'come the head, or mistress, of
the iini\erse. The new t> tuple wtis Iroiii tills
ilicidelil called ('iiiiitnliuiii. — Tvil. Kit's Hlsf,,
Mook :i, ch •.', p. •Jtiii.
.'Iirr. LEARNING (Uihonored. ./.'//,. v // IH,.
proposed one .\lillioiiy l''iiinier to he I'resiilelll
of .Nhigdaleil College -llie wetlllhiest in Kllg
land. I This man's IM'i' had lieeii one series of
shainelill ads. He had lieeii a inemher of llie
I ni\ersity of ('aiiilirldge, and had escaped e.\
pulsion oiih' liy ti linieh retreat. He had then
joined the I )isseltteis. Then he had none to 0.\-
foi'il, litiil enlei'eil liiniself at .Magdalen, and had
soon liecoine iiotoi'ioiis there for every kind of
vice. Ilegelierallv reeled into his colleue al night
speechless with lliiilor. He Wiis celelir.iled for
liavinu' hetided a (lisgracefiil riot at .\liiiigilon.
He had lieeii a consitinl fieipieiiter of noted
haunts of lilierlliies. At length he had turned
pander, had cMieded even the ordiliiiiy \ ilelies.s
of his vile calling, and had received nioiiev from
dissolute young geiillemim commoners tor ser-
vices such as it is not good that history shoiilil
record. This wretch, however, had |irelended to
I urn papist. His apostasy iitoiud tor all his viccf ;
.'tlld, thou :ll slid It youth, he Wiis selected to nil(!
a grtive and religious Miciely in vv liii h the scan-
dal given liv his dcprtivily was still fresh. — .M.\-
(■Ari..\Y's IIno., eh. w, p. :.'<!7.
:ilT«. LEARi.ING esteemed. l'>itiliiiiK. |Tlie
I'urilans were not distinguished for any capri-
cious dislike of music, after the rtinlings of
Sluhhesand I'ryime, nor of secular knowledge.)
No man wiis more eager llitiii Cromwell himself
to protect learningiind learned men. Hesoughl
out scholars for puhlic em]iloynieiils. . . , His
house was as reniarkalile for its retined amiise-
nieiits as its (le<'orou.H piety. The love of iinisio
wtis with him almost ti passion, as it wa.s with
Milton. — Knuiiit's Knu., vol. •), ch. 11, p. \7-\.
:il70. LEARNING honored. r<nt,ir. [Tiniour
Uie'l'aitar wtisoiieof the most cruel conquei-ors. |
I'^cryw here, however, 'I'imour saved and pro-
tected the letirned men of the coiuiuered city.
The aristocracy of human thought iiiid wisdom
appeared to him to form an exception to that hu-
manity which he despised to (he e.\trenie of
nothingness. — Fi.vMAuri.NK's Ti kkkv, p. ;J'.il.
:il«0. LEARNING, Secular. It,j<r/nl. [Kd-
niiind IJicli was Archhislio]) of Ciuiterliury — ii
siiiiit also. I Kven knowledge lirought its troii-
liles ; the Old TestamenI, which, with ti copy of
the Decretals, long formed his sole lihrary,
frowned down upon a love of se>'ultir letirning,
from which Kdmund found it hard to wean him-
self. At liist, in some hour of dream, the form
of his dead mother tioatcd into the room, where
the teacher stood among his matheinaliciil dia-
giiims. " What tire these V ' she .seemed to .say ;
and, .sei/ing Edmund's right hand, she drew on
the pidm (lirei! circles inlerlticed, each of which
hore (he name of a jierson of the Christian Trin
ity. " Be these," she cried, as the tigure faded
awiiy, "thy ditigrams henceforth, my son." —
ihsT. OK J'J.Nd. Vv.OVi.K, ^ l(i4.
31*1. LEARNING, Superficial. Sam >id John-
son. He defended liis remark ujjon the general
i,i:AUNiN(j-i,K(asi,Ari(»N,
.ITft
Ivl-
-11
Oll-
of
iry,
111!',
iiii-
II III
(•r(!
lia-
•y;
oil
ich
I'in-
Icd
insiiDIi Icni'v III' I'lliii iiiImii In Scolliiiiil, atul ciui
tliiiicd Id nil' lliiiinlliiiillrlly of lijx willy xnyin;;
on III)' IriiniitiL; nl' Ihr Sroii'li ; "'t'lii'lr li'iirniiiu;
Is llkr lii'ciiil Inn Im'h|('P'i| low p : i".t'i'y rniiiivi'l'
II Hull', liiii no niitn ^I'Hii full meal." " 'I'lu'ri' \>."
Hiiiil III', " In Scollanil a illlfiiNlon of Iranilni:. a
ccrlain |iiirliiin of li wlilrly ami lliinlv .Hpri'iiil.
A inrnlianl liiisas iniiili li'iiriiin^r as oncof llirlr
I Irr^v." -IIdMW |;|.I.'m .lollNMON, |». 'jril.
:il»»'*. LEARNING, Wide. Siwu.l .lohi,m,„.
'riir Iwo years wliicli lir sjiriil at lionir. aftiT
lilx iclnni I'ldin SloiiilniilKi', lie iiassi il In wlial Iw
llioil'.Mll iilli'llrss, anil was srolilnl liy Ills fallirr
fill' Ills want of sli'iiiiy ii|i|illi'alion. Mr iiiIkIiI. |>i'i'
haps, liavi' sliiilicil niorr assjiliioiisly ; Imi || imiy
III' iliMilili'il wlii'llii'i' sui'li a initiil as his wa:'. imt
niiii'r riii'lchi'il liy I'liainin^ iil lai';i:i' in Ihr IIi'Mh
of iili'i'aliirr llian If il hail I' 'cii ronllni'il lo any
siriirli' spill, 'i'lir iiniiliiiry lirlwi m limly anil niiiiil
is vi'i'y ^r,. II,. Ill), 1111,1 t||,< piiralli I will liolil as lu
ilirii' fooil, lis wril as any oiliiT parllinlar. 'I'Ih'
llr-h of aiiiinals who fiiil , vrnrsivcly isallowi'il
to liavr a liiirhi'i' llavor llian lliiil of tliosr w ho arr
coiipcil lip. May Ihcrc no! lie iJm' sainr illlTii'-
I'liiT lu'lwccn iiii'ii who ri'iiil ii^ Ihrir la.'-lr
pt'oinpls, anil nicii who ai'c coiillni'd in ci'lls ami
rolli'^rcs to siatcil tasks '.' — iU)s\vi';i,i,'H .Ioii.nhon,
II. 10.
!| I H'.l. LEGACIES, Christian. Ixiiijn of i •«„M,i i,
Will. Ki^jht yi'iu's afti'i' Ihr I'dirl of Milan, Con
slanllm' ^.tiiiiIi'iI to all his siilijrits llir friT and
uiiivi'i'sal piTiiiission of lirqiii'iithinn' llirir foil
iiiii's to till' Holy Calliolir Orrrli; and tlirir
di'Viiiil lilii'i'iilily, wliii'h diiiinir tlirir lives was
rliccki'd liy lii.xiiry oravarici', llowi'd wllhiii)ri)-
fiisi' slri'iini 111 till' hour of llii'ir di'iilli. i'lic
wi'iiltliy ('hristiiins wrri' t'liroiira^rrd liy llii' i'\
anipli' of I'li'ir sovi'ri'iiin. An alisoliili' inoniui'h,
who is rich williont put 'Miuiny, may hr I'haiilii-
Ml' without nirrit ; a.'i ('onsianliiii' loo ci, ^iIy
lii'licvi'd that lie shiiind pu.'chasi' Il r favor of
lli'iivi'ii if hi' inaiiitaiiii'd llii' iilli' v.\ the I'.vpcnsi'
of the iiidustrions, and ilisirilnili'd iinioii<;- Ihc
saints till' wealth of Ihi' i't'[)iil)lii'. — (iiitiiu.N's
ito.MK, I'll. ^'0, p. 'iHTt.
ill Ml. LEGACIES, Eagerness for. Itiniinii*.
A.I). 40K. 'i'hi' pi'os|)('(l of uain will ur,i;i' a riili
and ^^iiuly si'iiator as far as .ipoli'to ; every scii-
liineiit of arroi^'anee and dijrnily is siihdued hy
the hopes of an inheritance, or even of a Icpicy ;
and a wenlthv childless citi/.eii is the most |)ow-
crful of the Uoinans. The art of oliiainiiifj; the
sii;natiirciif afavorahle test anient, and sometimes
of hiustcnini:; the nioinenl of its execiilioii is per-
fectly iinderslood ; and it has hiippeiied that in
the same lionse, tliinii;li in dilTereiit ajiiirtmcnls,
a hiishand and a wife, with the liuidalilc desiirii
of ovcrrcachin.ii: cadi other, have simimoiied
their respeetive lawyers to declare, at Ihc .same
time, their mutiial iiiit contradiclory iiitcniioiis.
— (Jiiiiti)N's UoMi:, eh. ;il, p. 'i'^S).
3IM5. LEGACIES, Enriched by. Cii-i ro. While
so many unjust and c.\traviii;aiit wills were every
daydiclatcil hy (•unninL;;aiid subscribed by folly,
il few were the result of national esteem and
virtuous gratitude. Cicero, who had so often de-
fended the lives mid fortunes of his fellow-citi-
zeus, was rewarded with leijacies to the lunount
of il hundred iiiid seventy thousand jiounds;
nor do the friends of the younger Pliny seem ty
lllive belli less vcM'rolIN to llial amiable orator.
- OiiiiKiN s Uo\ii:, I h (1, p mil
:il*»4l. LEGISLATION, Complicated. /.".v-
I '/nil/." When the bill to ai'''.iil .Missoiul as n
Slate was llnall\ , in .lanuary of iM-.'ii, lii(iuu;iit
before ('oii^ncsM, the iiieasure was opposed by
those who had desired the cMlie-ioii of shivery
hut III that linie the ti:'\\ fl'i e Stale of .Maine \MlH
iiskinu' for ailmission inio the rnion ; and lliosn
who favored slavery in Missouri iletermined to
exclude .Maine unless .Missouri should also bo
iidiiiiltcd. .\fii r another ani^rv di'batc, which
lasted till the llllliof {''ebruaiy. the bill couplin;;
the two new Slates toj;i'thei' w iis m I uall\ Jiasscd.
- Uii.rAriis I S . ill .VJ, p, I'.'l
:ilt«»». LEGISLATION, Corruption of. !/«//(-
Il, m III' I' II II, lull 1,1. I In Kill Ihc " indigent eoiir-
tiers' In the House of Commons Wile thus de-
scribed by i.iii'd Shiiflesliury as supposed : ] 'i'licir
Vole are piibliclv saleable for a guinea and ii
diiincl' cMiy day 111 'he week, unless the jjousi)
be upon money, or a ininisierof State , for that
is their harvesi ; and linn llicy iiiiikc their earn-
in vs suit I he work they are about, w liii h incli'ie.'t
till III most eoiisianlly as sure clients to the court,
'i'lie only lliiiin' thai we arc obliued lo them for
is, that they do nulliin^ gratis, but make every
lax as well cliari;eiible lo Ihc court as biirdeii-
siiiiie lo till' country, and save no m.'in's neck but
thev break his purse. — Kmoiii's I'.no., vol. \,
eh. ■','(», II. '.Vl\.
;»l MM. LEGISLATION, Fanatical. " lliiiihi.iiin'
/'iirliiiiiii III " \i\ ( roMiw ell, llius liceoliie abso-
lute niasier of the wliole power, ci\ il and mili-
larv, of till' three kiniriloins, lhoii>;ht il necessary
to leave Hie nation some shadow, some iihaiiloni
of libcrt)-. .'I was proper that there should lie
the appearanee of a pai'liamcnl ; and he therc-
foie, liy the III I vi'c of his council of oMieers, siiin-
inoiied one hunoi'd and twee , ciiilil persoiiH
troni the ditVereiit towns and couiilies of Kiii;-
laiid live from Scillanil and six fro ,i Ireland —
to assemble at Westminsier, willi power to exer-
cise lc;iislative authority for lit .,ii nionths.
'i'licse. who Were chietlya set of low fanatical
mechanics, Aiiiibii|itisls, and Ini.i'peiidcnts, \\i re
in scoiii denominated !iy the people imreboncs'
I'arliamciil, from the name of one of their most
violent and active membei's, I'raiscirod Uare-
boiies, il leather seller. '{"his ass'inbly. whoso
shameful iiiiioraiice, nieaiiiicss, and absui'dily of
conilui'l rendered llieni useless and coi;tcin|itiblo
both to Cromwell and the nation, \olunlai'ily
dissohed lliemselves by it \ole after a session of
five inonllis. — 'I'vi i.iin's llisr., Hook li, eh. liD,
i:. 414.
JIlMft. LEGISLATION by Packing. Olinr Vnnn-
irrll. Amid these successes abroad the Protcc-
lor found his .situation at, home extremely un-
casj-. His |)arliami'iits were refractory, and he
was obliiicd lo have recourse to the violent
metliod of cxcludiii.L;-, bv a iruard at llic door,
such of the inembcrs as lie knew to be disalVect-
cd loliiin. At leiiirlli, by usin^' e\ei'y art to in-
tlueiice the elections and to lill the house with
his sure friends, he .uot oiii' parlianient so per-
fectly to his mind that a vote was ]iro|iosed and
jiassed for investing Hie Protector with the di,"'
nity of kiiKj. and a eommittee was aiipointed to
confer witli liiiu on that subject, and overeoino
any seruplcs wliicli lie uiiglil have on tliiit seore.
3r6
LEGISLATION— LEVITY.
i
But troinweil's scruples wlto not violent ; he
hiid ixher objections iliaii what, procci'deil from
his own iucliniili(>ns. He dreadeil the resent-
ii'cnt of the ariuv. — Tvtleu's Hist., ]5ook (i,
eh. [iD, p. 41.-).
:II90. LEGISLATION ridiculed. nri/M Pi;,-
hUntioit. j .Manul'actiM'i.'s were t'orljiddt a in the
coloides. Men said :] " C'atcldntj a mouse within
his Majtsty's cilonies with ;i traj) ol' our own
making will he de med, in thu ministerial cant,
(in inl'amous, atrocious, and nefarious crime." —
IJ.V.NCHOFTS U. ti. , vol. T), eh. 11.
3MJ>1. LEuISLATION, Special. Einpevor Ju,s-
tiniitii. [That ho mi;j;ht marry a prostitute,] a
law was promulgated in the niiiiu; of the Em-
peror Justin, which aljoiished the riuiil iiuis])ru-
.k'uce of antitjuity. A yli.rious rci)enlauco (the
words of the edict) wis left open for the uidiapin-
females \> h > liad prostitutetl their persons on the
theatre, and they were perim'.ted to contract a
leyal uinou with the most illustrious of the Ro-
mans. Thisiiiduli^eiice was s])eedily followed hy
the holemn nuptials of Justinian and Theodora ;
her dignity was graduall}' e.\altcd with that of
her lover. — Giuitox's Romi:, ch. 40, j). ;j3.
3198. LEGISLATION, Strange. Andrew Jack-
son. In ITOG he was elected to the Hou-^e (jf
Representatives from tlie new State of Tennessee.
Here his turbulent and wilful disposition mani-
fested itself in full force. During the ne.\t year
he was pronKjted to the Senate, wliere he remain-
ed a year, trit/ioiit iiidkiiiij a spwrh or aintiiiij <i
Tote. He then resigned his seat, and returned
.'lome. — RiDi'ATii's U. S., ch. o4, p. 427.
3193. LEGISLATION sugpended. " Ehirti
Ytars." Now commenced a new era. Many
English kings had occasionally coinnntted un-
constitutional U( ts, but none had ever systemati-
cally attempted to make himself a despot, and to
reduce the I'arliament to a mdlity. Such was
the end which Charles distinctlv i>roposed to
himself. From JIarch, 10:2!), io April, lo4(), the
houses were vr\ convoked. Never in our history
liad there been an iiUerval of 'deven years be-
tween Parliameiil and Parliament. Oidy once
liad there been an interval of even half that
length. — Macavl.w'.s l-lsv,., ch. 1, p. 81.
319-1. LEGISLATION unintelligent. Stamp
Act. [Of the Stamp Act, which occasioned the
Revjlutiouary War,] Walpole says : "This fa-
mous bill, little undersood here at that time,
was less attended to." [Knight .says there
was] only a feeble debate and one division. It
was jia.s.sed in the House of liords without a de-
bate ordivision. — Kxicsht's Eng., vol. C, ch. 17,
p. 21-2.
3195. LETTER, Decoy. Washington. Wash-
ington had written a letter to . . . Lafayette,
then in Virginia, which he caused to be inter-
cepted. \i\ the letter he remarked that he was
pleased with the i)robability that Earl Cornwal-
lis would fortify either Portsmouth or Old Point
Comfort, for icero he to fx upon Yorktown,
from its great capabilities of defence, he might
remain there snugly aiiduidiarined, tmtil a supe-
rior British fleet woidd relieve him Avith st''ong
re-enforcements or embark him altogether. This
fated letter quieted the apprehensions of the
British commander-iu-chief.— Custi3'Wai?iii:no-
Tox, vol, 1, ch. 6.
3i9«. LETTER from Heaven. Tlie Popc'ii.
!Th(! i)opc aided his usurpation of the crown.]
Vpin prepared to discharge his obligations to
the see of Uoine, of which he was reminded l)y
a most e.xtraordiui rv Uld rfroni lieavcn. written
by pope Stephen HI., the succes.sor of Zachary,
ill ihrcliii racier of St. J'ller . Irged by this invo-
<(iiion, he pa.ssed the Ali)s, iind compelled the
Kill" of the Lombards to cviicuatt- the greatei
part of his territories. His con(iucsts ])ut him
in posscssi(,n of a great i)art of Italv. — Tvri.Eii'h
Hi.vr , Book 0, di. :.'. p. (J(i.
3197. LETTERS, Civilization by. Germans.
The Germans in the i'.g<' of TacitUH were unuc-
(luainted with the use of letters ; and the use of
liii"rs is the i)rincipal circumstaiu'c thai distin-
guishes a civilized people from a herd of savages,
iiicaiiabie of knowledge or retlec'ion. Without
an artificial hell) the memory soon dissi]mtes of
corrupts the ideas intrustetrto her charge ; and
the iioliler facidties of the mind, no longer .suj)'
jilied with models or with materials, gradmdly
forget their jiowcrs ; the judgment becomes feeble
and lethargic, the imagination languid or irreg-
ular. — Gimi()N"8 Ro.MK, ch. 9, ]). '2ol.
3198. LETTERS, Mystery of. Captain Johr,
Sntitli. [When a jirisoner in the hands of the
India'is] he managed to write a letter to his
countrymen, telling them (d' his cajjtivity and
their jieril |from attack], asking certain articles,
and re(|uesting that those bearing the note
should be thoroughly frightened before their re-
turn. This letter, which seemed to liave such
niystnloc power of carrying intelligence to a
distance . not lost on th(! Indians, who dread-
ed the A\ "r more than ever. When the war-
riors bearing the epistle arrived at Jamestown
and found everything jtrecisely as Smith had
said, their terror and amazement knew no bomid?-
. all thought of attac'king the settlement waa
givea up. — Ridpatii's U. S., ch. 9, p. 100.
3199. LEVITY, Characteristic. French. Tho
pa.^sioi) for religious Avarfare was not yet extin-
guished \n Europe ; a new expedition was fitted
out in the ;ear 1203, under Baldwin [I.], Count
of Flanders, consisting of about 40,000 men.
The ()'>iect of this crusade Ava.s different from all
the rest, and its leaders, imder tiie cloak of a
holy war, proi)osed, instead of extirpating the
intidels, to dethrone the Emperor of Constanti-
nople. . . . Baldwin and his army . . . laid siego
to Constantinople ; iie took it almost T.dthout re-
sistance. The cru.sad(/rs put all that ojjposed
them to the sword ; and it is remarked, as strong-
ly characteristic of a spirit of national levity,
that the French, iinmediately after a scene of
massacre and pillage, celebrated a splendid ball,
and danced with the ladies of Constantinople, iu
the .sanctuary of the church of St. Sophi'\. Thu j
Constantin()i)le Avas taken for the first time, sack-
ed, and plundered by the Christians. — Tytleu'b
Hist., Book 6, ch. 9, p. 161.
3200. LEVITY contrasted. French. A civil
Avar Avas kindled in Paris, of Avhich the object
Avas the removal of the Cardinal Mazarin. The
fortune and the poAver of this minister naturally
excited envy, and gaA'c rise to cabals to pull him
doAvn ; and the maladministration of the finances,
the distresses of the State, and the oppression of
the people, by a variety of new taxes, Avere suf-
ficient to render these discontents universal. The
_J -^
LEWDNESS— LIBERTIES.
3:r
I'urliiinictit, whic^h saw edicts i)ionomicoil for
taxes, williout beiii)?, as usual, continued l)y
theui, expressed au open and violent ilisapi>rol)a-
tiou of M.i/.ai'iu's nieiisures. . . . 'i'lu- gay liu-
luor of tlie Freneli, that spirit of levity whicli
turns excrytiiiML,' into ridicule, was never more
conspicuous than in this nar — a strong contrast
to the temper that characteri/cd those civil com-
motions, whicli almost, at this very time, had
drowned Eui'land in blood. The grievances of
the English ])rom])ted to a .serious, a gloomy,
and a desperate I'csistance, ■which emliroiied tlii!
whole nation, anil ended in the destruction of
the constitution. Tin' grievances of the French
kindleil the civil war of the Fronde, hut afford-
ed to this volatil(! people nothing more than the
occasion of an agreeable (confusion, and a tit suh-
_iect for lampoons and ballads. The I'arisians
marched out to attack tin; royal army adorned
with Illumes of feathers and tine no.segays ; and
wlieu till' i-cgiment of the Coadjutor de Hetz. who
was nominal Archbisho)) of Corinth, was defeat-
<'d by the Hoyalists, they called this engagement
the first epistle to the Corinthians. The women
had us active a share in these proceedings as the
men ; and the Duchess of Longueville actually
])revailed on the great Tureiine to leave the king's
jiarty, and revolt with his army to that of the
rebels. — Tvti.k.i's Hist., IJook (i, eh. 34, [i. 454.
3201. LEWDNESS, Habitual. Charles IT.
Jle did not merely indulge his jia.ssitms ; liis
neck bowed to the yoke of lewdness. Jle was
attached to women, not from love, for he had no
jeali.usy, and was regardless of intidelities ; nor
entirely from debauch, but from the pleasure of
living near them, and sauntering in their coin-
])aiiy. His delight — such is the record of the
royalist Evelyn — was in "concubines, and cat-
tle of that sort ;" and up to the last week of his
life he sjiem his time in dissoluteness and listen-
ing to love-songs. — Banc'Uokt's U. S., vol. 2,
ch. 11.
3202. LIAR, Proverbial. livi<in of Jmnrx I].
Richard Tall lot . . . had long before earned the
nickname of Lying Dick Talbot ; and at White-
ball any wild fiction was commonly designated
as one of Dick Talbot's truths. He now ilailv
proved that he was well entitled to this unenvi-
able rejiutatioii. Indeed, in him mendacity was
almost a disease. He would, after giving orders
for the dismission of English otlicers, take them
into his closet, assure them of his cunlidcnceand
friendship, and imiilore Heaven to confound
him, sink him, lilas*. iiiin, if he. did not take good
careof their inti'rests. Sometimes those to whom
he had tiius jierjured liimself learned, before the
day closed, that lie had cashiered ihem. — M.v-
CA'ri,.\v's Exi;., eh. 0, ]>. 184.
3203. LIBEL, Trials for. WiUimn U<>i,r.
The three trials of William Mone are among the
most remarkable in our [British] constitutional
history. They iiroduced more distinct effects
upon the tempc'r of the country than any ])ublie
proceedin;''S of that time. [Tliej^ taught tin;
government that the ditfusion of knowledge is
the best correlative for a seditious and irreligious
press. William Hone was a bookseller, who
vended liis wares iu a little shop in the Old
Bailey. On the 18th of December, 1817, he is
liroiiglit for '.rial to Guildhall us u libeller. He
had wriUtu a series of political satires, lie was
a well-read man, of renmrkable ability, but ho
made a financial failure of every enterprise which
he undertook. His clothes were threadbare.
And being too poor to hire coun.sel, he plead for
himself before the .jury, and defended himself
against the iirosecution by the uttorney-geiieraL
He was charged with writing a jiarody on thu
Catechism, the Ijord's I'rayer, anil the Ten Com-
mandments, The offence was a Hbel. lloim
read in defence ]iaroilies, written bv authors,
from jMartin Le.ther to the editor of />7((r^/n««/'.*
Mn(litziuv, He was acipiittcd. The lord chief-
,justice was mortified at his acipiittal.] Heswori!
that, at whatever cost, he would ])reside in court;
next day hiiiKself, .so that conviction nught bo
certain. [He was charged with writing] a pro-
fane libel on the Litany. (The .jury acijuit-
ted him. The loid chief-justice the next day
brought him to answer to an indictment for]
publishing a jjarody on the creed of St. Atliana-
sius, called " 'i'lie Sinecurest's Creed." [Horo
was again ac(|uitt('d. He became very jxipular
with the ma.sses, and his writings had an immeuso
sale.] — Kn'out's Eno., A'oI. 8, ch. 5, p. 80.
320J. LIBEEALITY, Cloak of. (Jommodnx.
[The infamous Roman emperor.] To divert
the public envy, Cleander, under the emperor's
name, erected baths, porticos, and places of ex-
ercise, for the use of the people. He flattered
liimself that the Romans, dazzled andumu.sodby
this apiianait liberality, would be less att'eeted
by the bloody .scenes which were daily exhibited ;
that they would forget the death of Byrrhus, a
senator to whose superior merit the lateempero"
had granted one of his daughters ; and that they
would forgive the execution of Arrius Antoni-
nus, the last re|>iesentative of the name and vir-
tues of the Antonines. — Gusiion's Ru-MK, ch. 4,
p. lO'J.
3205. LIBEEALITY in Opinions. John Tr<.f-
U'll. [When \\'esley was eighty-six years of ago
heboa.sted that the Methodi.st Church] " requires
of its memliers no conformity, either in opinions
or modes of worship, hut barely this one thing,
to fear God and work righteousne.ss." — Stevens'
Mi-niouis.M, vol. 2, )). 888.
3206. LIBERALITY uncertain. Charh-a I.
He relied, indeed, chietly, for ])eeuniary aid, on
the munificence of his opulent ndlierents. Many of
these mortgaged their land, pawned their jewels,
and broke up their silver charges and christen-
ing bowls in order to assi.st him. But experienco
has fully jiroved that the voluntary liberality of
individuals, even in times of the greatest excite-
ment, is a i^oor tinancial resource when com-
]>ared with severe and methodical taxation, which
jiresses on the willing and unwilling alike. — M.v-
e.vri,.\v's E.Mi., ch. 1, p. 10(5.
3207. LIBERTIES demanded. 'SLiiina Charin.
A ch uter very fa\oraMe to the liberties of the
people, and tending t abridge the power of
the sovereign in many capital articles, had been
granted bv Henry 1. A copy of this charter,
which ha'l never been followed hy any substan-
tial effect, came into the possession of Langton,
who, in a conference with .some of the jirincipal
barons, proposed that, on the ground of theso
concessions from his predecessor, they shoiilil
insist that John should grant a solemn coulirma-
tion and ratiticatiim of their liberties and jjrivi-
k'ges. The burous bound themselves with an
3:8
LIHERTIES— LIHKHTY.
?
i'
■
oath to support tlii'ir cliiinis by n vifrorous and
steady pcrKevcrancc. An application was drawn
up and pri'seiitcd to tlie sovcrcigti, who, uinvill-
in;; to yichl and yet unable to refuse, a])peah'd
to the holy see. The pojie [Innoeent III.] liad
now an interest to su])port hi.s vassal, and he
wrote instantly to En^^land, recpiiring by his
supreme authority that ail confederacies anionjj;
the baroiis which tended to disturb tlu; jieace of
the kinLTdoni sliould bo iinnieiliately i)ut an end
to. This requisition met with its just disrejrard.
The associated barons had taken the most etlect-
ual measures to enforce their claims. They had
asseuible<i an army of 3000 knij.dils, and a very
iiumcroiis body of foot. With these forces they
surrotuided the residence of the court, whieii was
then at O.xford, and transmittini^ to the kini; a
scroll of the chief article:* of their demand, they
wereanswered, that he had solemnly sworn never
to com])ly Willi any one of them. They pro-
ceeded immediately to hostilities, laid siege to
Northampton, took the town of Hedford, and
marched to London, where they were received
with the acclamations of all ranks of the people.
The King [.John], who found Ids partisans daily
abandoning lum. began now to talk in a more
submissive strain. He olfered first to submit
all diU'erences to the p )pe, and this being per-
emptorily refu.sed, he at length ac(piainted the
confederates that it was his supreme plea.sure
to grant all their demands. At Hunnymede, be-
tween Staines and Windsor, a .spot which will
be deemed sacred to the latest jwsterity, a solenm
conference was held between John and the as-
sembled barons of England, when, after a very
short debate, the king signed and sealed that
great charter, which is at this day the founda-
tion and bulwark of English liberty — M.vona
Cn.VKTA. — TvTi.Ku's HisT., Book G, cli. 8, p.l42.
^ 330§. LIBERTIES lost. Massachnsettn Colony.
Sir Ednuind Andros had been . . . ai)iK)inled
royal governor of all New England. His com-
nussion ought to have been entitled an akticie
KOHTHE UESTKUCTION OK COLONIAL LIHEUTV.
. . . The .scarlet-coated despot landed at Boston on
the 20th of December [1686], and at once began
the work of demolishing the cherished in.stitu-
tions of the people . . . . Nothing might be print-
ed without his [censor's] sanction. Pojiular
representation was abolished. Voting by ballot
was jirohibited. Town meetings were forl)idden.
. . . The p\iblic schools were allowed to go to
ruin. Men were arreste<l without warrant of
law. . . . Thus did Massachusetts lose her lib-
erty.— Kidi-ath's L". S., eh. I.'), p. 146.
3200. LIBERTIES unprotected. Ikif/n of
Jii/ius If. In Ireland . . . i)anic spread fast among
the English when they found that the viceroy
[Lord C'larentlon], their fellow-countryman anil
fellow-Proteslant, was miable to extend to them
the protection which they had expected from
him. They began to knir by ])itter experience
what it is to be a .subji caste. They were
liara.s.scd by the natives m li accusations of trea-
son anil sedition. Thi I'rotestant had corre-
sponded with ]Monmoutli ; that Protestant had
Faid something disrespectful of the king four or
five years ago, when the Exclu.sion Bill was under
discussion ; and the evidence of the most infa-
mous of mankind was ready to substantiate every
charge, The lord-lieuteuant expressed his ap-
prehension that, if tliese ]iraclices were not
stopped, there wo\dd soon be at Dublin ii reign
of terror sinular to that which he had seen in
London, when every man held his life and honor
at themercv of OatesaudBedloe. — Macaulay's
Eno., ch. 6', p. 139.
3210. LIBERTINE, The aged. Lo>,i.^ XV.
Libertinage nui.st be observed in an old man, to
learn all its ba.seness. It takes the ex])erienee
and daring hardihood of sensual age to be thor-
oughly ilepraved .... In the old voluptuary
.sensuality springs from infidelity in the moral
existence. . . . The absolute King of France, now
that he was growing old, abandoned himself to
unbounded dissoluteness, and while he trembled
before the unknown future, and dared not hear
death named, he filled his remaining days with
lewd ])leasin'e, in which Richelieu, a i)rotligate
of seventy-two, was his coun.sellor. — Bancuoet's
U. S., vol. 6, ch. 48.
3211. LIBERTY, Celebration of. P^iris. [In
1790] it was resolved that the anniversary of the
taking of the Bastile .shoidd be honored by a mag-
nificent festival in the Champ de Mars — a grand
federation, to which deputies should come from
ev;'ry on(! of the eighty-three departments of
Prance. To i>rei)arean immense amphitheatre for
this gathering, . . . 12,000 workmen were em-
]iloyed. But they worked too slowly. All Paris
then went forth to dig and to move earth — all
classes, men and women, coming in the early
morning . . . and returning home by torchlight.
[Three hundred thousand ])er.son8 were j)re.sent
on the 14tli of July, seated on the grass, in the
mid.st of a pouring rain. All swore to be faith-
ful to the nation, the law, and the king. The
king swore to maintain the constitution.] —
Kmoht's Ex(1., vol. 7, ch. 10, p. 188.
3212. LIBERTY, Champion for. L.tfayette.
In spite of the remonstrances of England, Amer-
ica, and the friends of lil)erty everywhere, La-
fayette remained a prisoner. To every demand
for his liberation, the Au.strian Government re-
plied, with its usual .stupidity, that the liberty of
Lafayette was incompatible with the safety of
the governments of Europe. He owed his liber-
ation, at length, to Gcnerid Bonaparte, and it re-
(pured all km great authority to procure it.
When Lafayette was presented to Napoleon to
thank him for his interference, the First Con.sul
said to him : " I don't know what the devil you
have done to the Austriaiis^, but it cost them a
mighty .struggle to let you go." — Cyclopeuia of
Bioo., p. 484.
3213. LIBERTY, Cloak of. Cnmiiuds. [Dur-
ing the Heign of Terror the] enthusiastic an;'
noble-hearted Madame Roland was led to the
scaffold. . . . On i>assing before the statue of Lib-
erty, which was erected at the Place de la Re-
volution, she apostrophized it in the memorable
words, "O Liberty ! what crimes arc conunitted
in thy name !" — Students' France, ch. 27, si; 4.
321-1. LIBERTY, Defence of. EnrjUxh in Ire-
laud [James II. .sought the overthrow of Prot-
estantism.] Already the designs of the court
began gradually to unfold themselves. A royal
order came from Whitehall for disarming the
population. This order [the viceroy in Ireland]
Tyrconnel .strictly executed as respected the
English. Though the country was infested by
'»'
LIHEKTY
;}ri)
ir-
-»
I'd
,4.
>('-
ot-
lirt
yal
tlio
'1]
ho
predatory bands, a Protestant fiontli-nian could
scarcely obtain permission to keej) a brace of
pistols. The native peasantry, on the other hand,
■vvero sufYi'red to retain their weapons. — M.vc.m-
lay'sHng., ch. «, p. 12H.
3215. LIBERTY, Delusive, lionum^. The in-
fatinited Komans now believed themselves a free
j)eople, since they had no lonirer to tiirht for
their lil)erty. It was the |)olicv of Auj;iistus to
keep up thin favorable delusion, by extraor-
dinary marks of indtd^cnee and munitieence.
He pratitied the peo])!- by continually amusinj;'
them with tlieir favorite ^ninies and spectacles ;
lie aflected an extreme rcijard for all the ancient
jiopular customs ; he ju'etended the utmost def-
i'erence for the Senate ; he re-established the Co-
mitia, whidi tlie internal commotions of tliej,^ov-
ernment had prevented from beinu; rci^ularly
held; he flattered tlus jieoplcwith the ancient
rifjjht of electini; their own magistrates ; if he
jire.sented candidates, it wasonly togive asini])le
recommendation, under reservation that they
should be judg;ed worthy by the ])eople, and the
peoi)le, on their jiart, could not but rei,rard as the
most certain symptom of desert there commen-
dation of so gracious a prince. It was in this
manner tliat Augustus, by the retention f)f all
those empty but ancient appendaj^es of liberty,
concealed the form of that arbitrary monarchy
which he determined to maintain. — Tvti-ei:'s
Hist., Book o, ch. 1, p. 470.
3216. LIBERTY, Devotion to. Lafayett,-.
By the time he had left America, at the close of
the war, he had expended in the .service of Con-
gress 700,000 francs — a free gift to the cau.se of
liberty. One of the most pleasing circumstances
of Lafa3'ette's residence in America was the af-
fectionate friendship which existed between him-
self and General Washington. He looked up to
Washington as to a father as well as a chief, and
Washington regarded him witli a tenderness tru-
ly paternal. Lafayette named liis eldest son
George Washington, and never omitted any op-
portunity to testify his love and veneration for
the illustrious American. Franklin, too, was
much attached to the youthful enthusiast, and
privately wrote to General Washington, asking
him, for the sake of the young and anxious wife
of the marquis, not to expose his life excejit in
an important and decisive engagement. — Cyclo-
I'EDIA OF Bioo. , ]). 479.
3217. LIBERTY in Disguiee, Burhariann
civilized. The western countries were civilized
by the same hands which subdued them. As
soon as the barbarians were reconciled to obe-
dience, their minds were opened to any new im-
pressions of knowledge and politeness. The
language of Virgil and Cicero, though with some
inevitable mixture of corruption, was so univer-
sally adopted in Africa, Spain, Gaul, Britain,
and Panonia, that the faint traces of the Punic
or Celtic idioms were preserved only in the moun-
tains, or among the peasants. Educatiim and
study insensibly inspired the natives of those
coimtries with the sentiments of Romans ; and
Italy gave fashions, as well as laws, to her Latin
provincials. — Gibbon's Kome, ch. 2, p. 45.
3218. LIBERTY, Emblem of. Liberty Pole.
A. p. 1770. [After three repulses the British "sol-
diers cut down the citizens' pole in New York.l
The Sons of Liberty, purchasing a piece of land
near the junction of Broadway and Iiowery,
erected a I>iberty Pole, strongly guarded t>y iron
baiiils and bars, (leei)ly sunk into the earth, and
inscribed " Lilierty anil Property." — Bancuoft'h
U. S., vol. 0, ch. 4!1.
3210. LIBERTY endangered. F'/f/itiir Shwe
Ldir. It allowed the j)ersuiial liberty of a man
to be peremptorily decided iiy a I'liited States
commissioiier, acting with aiisolute ]iower and
without api)eal. For a claim excefding %'H)
in value, every citizen has the right to a trial
by jury ; but by this law the body, the life, the
very soul of ii man, possil)ly a free-born cit-
izen, might be consigned to ]ieri)etnal enslave-
ment on the fallible judgment of a single ollicial.
. . . TluMommissioiier, . . . in the event of hia
remanding the alleged fugitivt^ to slavery, re-
ceived a fee of $10, and if he adjudged him to
be free, only $•■>. — Blaine's Twenty Veaus of
CONdHESS,']). i)8.
3220. LIBERTY, Enthusiasm for. L>tf,iyeUe.
Decembc -, ITTti. When [Deane.l the American
commissioner, told Lafayette ]ilaiiily that the
credit of his goveninient was too low to furnish
the volunteers [from France] a transport,
" Then," .said the young man, " I will ])urcliase
one my.self." ... At iiis own cost he bought
and .secretly freighted th(! Victory, which was to
carry himself, ilic; veteran I)e Kalb, and twelve
other French otiicers to America. ... At the
age of nineteen it seemed to him an amusement
to i)e presented to the king against whom he was
going to tight. — BancuoKi's U. S., v.jI. 'J, ch. 10.
3221. LIBERTY, Government for. Romnn.
[When tlie consuls were elected] they immediate-
ly exercised an act of jurisdietion, by the manu-
mission of a slave, who was brought before them
for that purpose ; and the ceremony was intend-
ed to represent the celebrated action of the elder
Brutus, the author of liberty and of the consul-
ship, when he admitted among his fellow-citi-
zens the faithful Vindex, who had revealed the
consjiiracy of the Tanpiins. — Giisbon's Home,
ch. 17, p. 111.
3222. LIBERTY lost. Athenians. The aver-
sion to restraint assumes the same external ap-
jiearance with the love of liberty ; but this cri-
terion will enable us to distinguish the reality
from the counterfeit. In fact, the spirit of liber-
ty and a general corruption of manners are so
totally adverse and repugnant to each other, that
it is utterly impossible they should have even the
most transitory existence in the same age and na-
tion. When 'riira.sybulus delivered Athens from
the thirty tyrants, liberty came too late ; the man-
ners of the Athenians were irretrievably corrupt-
ed ; licentiousness, avarice, and deiiauchery had
induced a mortal disease. AVIien Antigonus and
the Achican States restored liberty to the Spar-
tans, they could not enjoy or preserve it ; the
si)irit of lilierty was utterly extinct, for they
were a corrupted people. The lilierty of Rome
could not be recovered by the death of Ca'sar ; it
had gone forever with her virtuous manners. —
Tytlek's Hist., Book 4, ch. 0, p. 465.
3223. LIBERTY, Love of. Unconquerable.
Such was the result of the Flemish war — a mem-
orable struggle, as proving for the first time that
it was possible for a .small feudal State, if well
organized and animated by a fervent love of lib-
380
LIHERTY.
crty, lo resist successfully the will of a despotic
iiuzerain, and lobiiiulile tlie [irideof a great mili-
tary kingdom. — Sicdknts' Fuance, eh. U, t- 15.
;Wa.|. LIBEETY, Martyr for. Sir lie mil Vane.
TE.vcciitcd hy CliarleH II., a.d. Kifi'J.] " Mlcsscd
be Ood !" exclaiiiu'd lie, as lie bared his neck for
the a.xe, " I have kept a conscience void of of-
fence till this day, and have not descried the
righteous cause for which I suffer." That cause
was democratic liberty ; in the history of the
vorld he was tlu! first martyr to the principle
of the |)arainount powerof the jieoplc. . . . 'J'he
manner of his death was the admiration of his
times. — H.snckokt's U. S., vol. 2, ch. 11.
3225. LIBERTY of Mountaineers. 7?// A rms.
[In Giiul.J Of the native barbarians, the C'elti-
berians wen; the most powerful, as the C'antu-
l)riaus and Asturians proved \\\v. most obstinate.
Confident in the strength of their mountains,
they were the lust who submitted to the arms of
Itome. and the first who threw off the yoke of
the Arabs. — GiimoN's itoME, cli. 1, p. 22.
3226. LIBEETY, Personal, llaheas Corpus.
The famous u(;t of llitheox CorjiiiH was likewise
the work of this Parliament — one of the chief
securities of Engli.sh liberty. \W this excellent
statuK^', the natiire of which we shall hereafter
more fully consider, it is prohibited to send any
one to a jirisoii bej'ond seas ; no judge, under
severe penalties, must refuse a prisoner a writ of
hidieas corpun by which the jailer is directed to
produce in couit the l»ody of the prisoner, and
to certify the cause of his detainer and imjjrisijn-
ment ; every prisoner nuist be indicted the lir.st
term after his connnitment, and brought to trial
in tlie subse(iucut term. A law of this kind, so
favorable to the liberty of the subject, takes place
in no government except that of i3ritain, and even
of itself is a sufHcient argument of the su])erior-
ity of our constitution to that of all other gov-
ernments. — Tytleu's 1Ii8T., Book 6, ch. 30,
p. 422.
3227. LIBEETY, Proclamation of. Abraham
Liuciilu. On the 1st of .January, 1^03, the Pres-
ident issued one of the most imi)()rtant documents
of modern times — the kmancii'.vtion ruoci.A-
MATiox. The war had been begun with no
■well-defined intenticm on the part of the govern-
ment to free the slaves of the South. But the
President and the Itepublican party looked with
disfavor on the in.stitution of slavery ; during the
progress of tli(! war the sentiment of abolition
had grown with great rapidity in the North ; and
■when at last it became a military necessity to
Strike a blow at the labor-system of the Southern
States, the stc]i was taken with but little hesitan-
cy or opposition. Thus, after an existence of
two hundred and forty-four years, the institution
of African shivery in the I'lnted States Avas
swept away. — HiDrATii's U. S., ch. G5, p. 511.
322§. LIBEETY protected. Eleventh Centu-
rjf. At a i>eriod when the feudal oppi'cssion was
at its height and the condition of the common-
alty, through the greater part of Eurojx-, was in
the lower stage of degradation, one of thesesmall
Christian kingiloms exhibited the example of a
peopk- who shared the sovereignty with the
jiriuce, and wi.scly limited liis arbitrarj" govern-
ment by constitulional restraints. This was the
kingdom of Aragon, in which not (jnly the rej)-
resentatives of the towns had a. scat in the Cortes,
or national assiini)lies, l)ut an officer was elect-
ed by th(! people, termed a .Insti/.a, wlio was the
supreme interpreter of the law, and whose rectiti-
nued duty it was to jirotcct the rigJits of the pco-
])le again.st the encroachments of the crown.
This officer, whose person was .sacred, was <,ho-
.seii from among the commoiu'i's ; In; had a right
to judge wheth(!r the royal edicts were agreeable
to law before they coid(l be carried into cfTcct ;
and while the king's ministers were answerable
to him for their conduct, he wa.s resjionsible to
the Cortes alone. This great officer had likewi.so
fill! privilege of receiving, in the name of the
j)coi)lc. the king's oath of coronation ; and dur-
ing this ceremony he held a naked sword, point-
ed at the breast of the sovereign, whom lie thus
addressed : " We, your etpials, constitute you
our .sovereign, and we .solenudy engage to obey
vour mandates on condition that you protect us
m the enjoyment of our rights ; if otherwise,
not." — Tyti.ku's IIisT., Book G, ch. 7, p. 12G.
3220. LIBEETY by Eeaction. William the
Coitquentr. William, in short, through the whole
of his reign, considered the English as a coiuiuer-
ed nation. Under the Anglo-Saxon government
X\\i' people had enjoved a very consideral)le por-
tion of freedom. The greater l)ar()ns, jK'rhaps
even some of the landholders, liad their share in
the government, by their place in the VVittenage-
mot, or as.senU)ly of the States. Under AVilliam
the rights and privileges of all the orders of the
State seem to have been annihilated and overpow-
ered by the weight of the crown ; but this very
circumstance, unfavorable as it may appear to
the people's liberties, was, in fact, the very cause
of the subsecpient freedom of the English con-
stitution. It was the excessive power of the
crown that gave rise to a spirit of luiion among
the ptiople iu all their efforts to resist it ; and
from the want of that spirit of union in the oth-
er feudal kingdoms of the continent — a sjiirit
which was not excite<l in them by a total extinc-
tion of their liberties as it was in England by the
whole career of William the Contjueror — we can
easily account for the great dilterence at this
day between their constitutions and ours, with
respect to i)olitical freedom. — Tvtlek's Hist.,
Book 0, ch. H, p. 133.
3230. LIBEETY in Eeligion. Jamen IT. Ho
had, as supreme ordinary, jiut forth directions,
charging the clergy of the establishment to ab-
stain from touching in their discourses on con- \
troverted jioints of doctrine. Thus, while ser-
mons in defence of the Roman Catholic religion
were preached on every Sunday and holiday
within the pr(>cincts of the royal palaces, the
Church of the State, the Church of the great ma-
jority of the nation, was forbidden to explain
and vindicate her own principles. The sjjirit of
the whole clerical order rose again.st this injus-
tice. — Macaui.av's E.ng., ch. G, p. 84.
3231. LIBEETY, Eeligious. Colony of Mary-
land. The foundation of Maryland was peace-
fully and happih' laid. Within six months it
had advanced more than Virginia had in ps many
years. . . . Every other country in the world
had persecuting laws. " I will not" — such was
the oath of the Governor of Maryland — " I will
not by myself or any other, directly or indirect-
ly, molest any i)erson professing to believe in
I.llJKIiTY— LinUAUIKS.
3Sl
Jesus Christ, for or in rcspoct of religion." —
JBancroft'h U. S. , vol. 1, ch. 7.
333il. LIBERTY secured. Mnr/na Chm-tn.
With resjject to the jx-oplo, ihv following were
the principal cliiiises euleuliited for their benettt.
It was ordiiined lliiit nil tlie privileges and inumi-
idtie.s granted by the king [John I.] to his bar-
ons should be also granteil by the l)arons to tlieir
vassals. That one tni(jht and one mtitmire should
be observed throughout the kingdom. That
merchants should be allowed to tran.sact all busi-
ness without !)eing exposed to any arbitrary tolls
or impositions ; that they, and all treemen, should
be allowed to go out of^the kingdom and return
to it at ]>lea.sure. London, and all cities and bor-
oughs, shall preserve their ancient liberties, im-
munities, and free customs. Aids or fa.xes shall
not be required of them, except by th(,' consent
of tlu^ great council. No towns or individuals
shall be obliged to make or sujiporl bridges, un-
less it has been the ininiemorial custom. The
goods of every freeman shall be disposed of ac-
cording to his will or testament ; if he die intes-
tate, his lieirs at law shall succeed to them. The
king's courts of justice shall be stationary, and
shall no longer follow Ins person ; they shall be
open to every (i,,t', and justice shall no longer Ikj
bought, refused, or delayed by them. The sher-
iils shall be incapacitated to determine pleas of
tlie crown, and shall not put any person upon
Ids trial from rumor or susjjicion alone, but upon
the evidence of lawful •witnesses. No freeman
shall be taken or imprisoned, or dispossessed of
Ins free tenements or liberties, or outlawed or
banished, or any way hurt or injured, vrikssby
the U'Ajdl jiidf/nu'itt of his peers, or l)y the Idw of
the 1(111(1; and all Avho suffered otherwise in this
and the former reigns shall be restored to their
rights and possessions. livery freeman shall be
lined in proportion to his fault, and no fine shall
be levied on him to his utter ruin. — Tvtleu's
Hist., Book 6, ch. 7, p. 14!).
3233. LIBERTY of Speech denied. The Com-
mons. [In ir)!)3 the lord-keeper rei)]ied to the
Commons in the name of the ([ucen, when they
asked for liberty of speech.] Privilege of sjjeech
is granted, but you mu.st know what privilege
you liave : not to speak every one what lie li.st-
etli, or what cometh into his brain to utter that ;
but yo\ir jirivilege is aye or no. Wherefore,
Mr. Speaker, her Majesty's pleasure is, that if
you perceive any idle "heads, which will not
stick to hazard their own estates, which will
meddle with reforndng the church and trans-
forming the Commonwealth, and do exhibit any
bills to such purpose, that you receive them not,
until they be viewed and considered by those
who it is fitter should consider of such things,
and can better judire of them. — Kniuht's En(j.,
vol. 3, ch. 17, p. '2m.
3234. LIBERTY vs. Tyranny. Romdii Sen-
ator Boethius. In the last gloomy season of The-
odoric [the Gotiiic King of Italy] he indignantly
felt that he was a slave ; but as his master had
only power over his life, he stood without arms
and without fear against the face of an angry
barbarian, who had been provoked to believe
that the safety of the Senate Wiis incompatible
witli his own. The Senator Albinus was accused
and already convicted on the presumption of
hoping, as it was said, the liberty of Home. " If
Albimisb(!crinunal," exclaimed the orator, " the
Senate and myself are all guilty of the same
crime. If we are innocent, All)inus is equally
entitled to the protection of the laws." These
laws nught not have puiushed the simple luid
barren wish of an unattainable l)le.ssing. but they
would have shown less indulgence io the ra.su
confession of IJoelhi'is, that, had he known of a
conspiracy, the tyrant nevershould. The atlvo-
cal(! of Afhiiuis was soon involved in the danger
and j)erhai)H the iruill of his client. — UiBuoN's
lio.MK, ch. 39, p. 35.
3235. LIBERTY, Unexpected. Ucorye Wnnh-
iiKjtoii. .\.i). 1774. [Addressing a royal ollicer,
he sai<l :] "It is not tlie wish of that government
[.Massachu.setts] or any other upon this conti-
nent, separately or collectively, to set up for in-
dependence ; i)ut none of them will over submit
to the loss of those rights and jirivileges without
which life, libert}', and property are rendered
totally insecure." — Bancuokt's U. S., vol. 7,
eh. 13.
3230. LIBERTY and Union. Sources of . The
Netherlands divide with England the glory of
having planted the first colonies in the United
Slates ; they also divide the glory of having set
the examples of i)ublie freedom. If England
gave our fathers tlie idea of a popular reiiresen-
tation, the United Provinces were their model of
a federal union. — Bancuokt's U. S., vol. 3,
eh. ir>.
3237. LIBERTY by Vigilance. British. In
the Middle Ages the state of .society was widely
dilferent. Rarely and with great difliculty did
the wrongs of iii(livi('uals come to the knowl-
edge of the public. A man might be illegally
confined during many months in tlu' Castle <i
t^arlisle or Norwich, and no whis]H'rof thetransi
action might reach London. It is highly prob-
able that the rack had been man}' years in use
before the great majoritj' of the nation had the
lea.st suspicion that it was ever employed. Nor
were our ancestors by any means so much alive
as we are to the importance of maintaining great
general rules. We have been taught by long
experience that we cannot, without danger, suf-
fer any breach of the Constitution to i)as.s unno-
ticed. — Macaulay's End., ch. 1, p. 31.
323§. LIBRARIES, Ancient. Arabian. In
every city the productions of Araliic literature
were coi)ied and collected by the curiosity of tho
.studious and the vanity of the rich. A private
doctor refused the invitation of the sultan of
Bochara because the carriage of his books would
have re(iuired four hundred camels. The royal
library of the Fatiniites consisted of one hundred
thousand manuscripts, elegantly transcribed and
splendidly bound, which were lent, without jeal-
ousy or avarice, to the students of Cairo. Yet
tills collection must appear moderate, if we can
believe that the Ommiades of Spain had formed
a library of six hundred thousiind volumes, for-
ty-four of which were employed in the mere cat-
alogue. Their capital, Cordova, with the adja-
cent towns of ^Malaga, Almeria, and Murcia, had
given birth to more than three hundred writers,
and above seventy public libraries were opened
in the cities of the Andalusian kingdom. The
age of Arabian learning continued about live
hundred years, till the great eruption of tlie^Io-
guls, and was coeval with the darkest and most
i
382
IJUHAIUES— LICKXTIOL'SNKSS.
I
plotlil'ul jicriod of Eiiropcnn iiiuiiils ; l)ut siiirn
tlicsiiii (;t scicncoliiiHiiriscii in the Vt'csf, it slioiild
Hccni tiiat tiie Oriental studies imve luiiiruislied
iiiitl declined. — Uiuhon's Homi;, ( h. 'ri, p. ;{()'J,
;t2:i0. LIBRARIES, Bubaoription. Jloijinnin
Fnihhlin. lie invented llie system of sul)s<ri])-
lion lii)rai'ies, and laid tlie foinidation of one that
was lonu' liie most considei-ahle library in Amer-
ica. — H.vm'Kokt'h L'. S., vol. 3, eh. 2,1.
3310. LIBRARY destroyed. Alcnnidrut. Ptol-
emy Soler founded the famous lihi'ary of Al-
exandria, thai inunense treasury of literature,
which, in the time of his son Plolemv I'hiladel-
phus, contained above ono lumdred Miousand
volumes. It wasstili enlarired by the suceeedini;
nionarchs of the .same race, till it amounted, at
lenjrtli, as Strabo informs us, to seven hundred
thousand volumes — a collection (piite iirodigious,
when we consider thecomparativ(! lalior and ex-
pense of amassinij books before tin' invention of
])riMtinu', and since that era. This immense li-
l)rary was burnt to ashes in the war which Julius
Ca'sar waited with the inhabitants of Alexandria.
Adjoiniuir to Ihi.s was a .smaller library, wliich
escaped the c'ontlaij;ration at thai lime, and
which Ix'c.ame, in the course of aijes, very con-
.siderable ; but, as if fate had oi>))osed the proj;-
ress and contiiuiauceof Ejryptian literatiu'e, thi.s
second library of Alexandria was l)urnt, about
t'i,!,dit hiuidred years afterward, when the Hara-
cens took possession of Eirypt. Tlui Ixjoks were
taken out by order of the Caliph Omar, and
used, for six months, in supplyinjr the tires of the
jiublic liaths. " If these l)0()ks," said Omar, "con-
tain nothing ])ut what is in tl.c Alcoran, they
are of no use ; if they contain anything not in it,
litey are of no consequence to salvation ; and if
Anything contrary to it, thev are damnable, and
ouirht not to be suffered.'' — Tytleu's Hist.,
Book 2, ch. 5, p. 192.
3241. . Cousin ntinoph'. [The roj'al
college oi Constantinople was burnt in the reign
of Leo the Isaurian. In the i)onipous style of the
age, the president] of that foundation wa.s named
the Sun of Science ; his twelve a.ssociates, the
professors in the different arts and faculties,
were the twelve signs of the zodiac ; a library of
thirty-si.x thou.sand five hundred volumes was
open to their inquiries ; and they coidd show an
ancient manu.script of Homer, on a roll of parch-
ment one hundred and twenty feet in length, the
intestines, as it was fabled, of a prodigious ser-
pent. IJut the seventh and eighth centuries were
u period of discord and darkness ; the library
wa.s burnt, the college was abolished, the Icono-
chusts are represented as the foes of antiquity ;
and a savage ignorance and contempt of letters
has di.sgraced the princes of the lleraclean and
Isauriau dynasties. — Gmuox's Komk, ch. 53,
p. 378.
3342. LICENTIOUSNESS authorized. Mnhom-
ct. In his adventures with Zeinel), the wife of
Zeid, and with Alary, an I-^gyiJtian captive, the
amorous prophet forgot the interest of bis rc])u-
tation. At the house of Zeid, his freedman and
adopted son, he beheld, in a loose luidress, the
beauty of Zeineb, and burst forth into an ejacu-
lation of devotion and desire. The servile, or
grateful freedman understood the hint, and yield-
ed without hesitation to the love of his benefac-
tor. But as the filial relation had e.xeited some
doubt and scandal, the Angel (Jabriel descendcil
from heaven to ratify th(! deed, to anmd the
a(lo|)tion, and gently to reprove the apostle for
dislrusling the indulgence of his (}od. ( )ne of hifJ
wives, llafna, the tlaughler of Omar, surprised
him on hei' own bed, in the embrace of [.Slaryl
his Egyptian captive ; she promi.sed secrecy and
foi'giveness ; he swori! tiiat he would renounce
the possession of Mary. Both parties forgot their
engagements ; and Gabriel again descended with
a chaptei' of the Koran, to absolve him from his
oa'.h, and to exhort him fi'cely to enjoy his cap-
tives and eoncidiines, without listening to tho
clamors of his wives. In a solitary retreat of
thirty days he labored, alone with Mary, to ful-
fil the commandH of the angel. "When his lovo
and revenge were satiated, he siminioned to his
jiresence his eleven wives, reproached their diso-
liedience and indiscretion, and threatened them
with a sentence of divoi'ce, both in this world
and in the nexl ; a dreadfid scnience, sin.e those
who had asceiideil the l)ed of the prophet were
forever excluded from thehoix'of a second mar-
riage. — GmnoNs Ko.mk, ch. TiO, p. l.")().
3343. LICENTIOUSNESS, Fashionable. .Viloii.
A.I). 1T!)7. [Napoleon had con(|uered Italy and
Austria, and was the most famous man in Eu-
rope. After the war, with .losephine he resided
for a time at Milan.] Eveiy conceivable temp-
tation was at this time i)re.sented to entice Na-
poleon into habits of licentiousness. . . . Tho
corruption of those days of infidelity was suck
that the ladies were jealous of Jo.sephine's exclu-
sive influence over her illustrious sjiouse, and
they exerted all their jjowers of fascination to
lead him astraj'. — Ahuott's Napoleon B., vol.
1, ch. 9.
3344. LICENTIOUSNESS, Literary. John Dry-
den. Not a line tending to make virtue contempt-
ible or to infiame licentious desire would thence-
forward have jiroceeded from his pen. Tho
truth unhappily is, that the dramas which he
wrote after his pretended conversion are in no
resi)cct less impure or profane than those of his
youth. Even when he professed to translate he
constantly wandered from his originals insearcii
of images which, if he had found them in his
originals, he ought to have shunned. "What was
bad became worse in his versions. "What was in-
nocent contracted a taint from passing through
his mind. He made the gro.sse.st satires of Juve-
nal more gro.ss, interpolated loo.se descriptions in
the tales of Boccaccio, and polluted the sweet and
limpid poetry of the Georgics with filth which
would have moved the loathing of "Virgil. — Ma-
caulay's E.no., ch. 7, p. 184.
3345. LICENTIOUSNESS, Pontifical. Clement
VT. Clement was ill-endowed with the virtues
of a priest ; he i)osse.s.se(l, however, the spirit and
magnificence of a prince, whose liberal hand dis-
tributed benefices and kingdoms with equal fa-
cility. Under his reign Avignon was the seat of
pomp and jileasurc? ; in his youth he had sur-
passed the licentiousness of a baron ; and the
palace — nay, the bed-chamber of the pope, was
adorned or jJoUuted by the vi.sits of his female
favorites. — Giuhon's Home, ch. 66, p. 294.
3346. LICENTIOUSNESS prevalent, li^ign of
Charles II. [After the overthrow of the Puri-
tans] meu flew to frivolous amusements and to
criminal pleasures with the greediness which
W
LICENTIOUSNKSS— LIFE.
383
Inii^ luid oiiforccd iiljstiiiciicc niituritlly nro-
<liiccs. Tlioiniis Ilohlics liail . . . relaxed tlie
ol)lij;ati(iiis of morality, and de^rradcd relii;ioii
iiitoa iiierealVair of stale. IIol)))isin soon became
an almost essential i)art of the cliaraeter of tlie
fine p'ntleinan. All the li^jliter kinds of litefa-
liirewere dee])ly tainted by the prevailing; licen-
tiousness, poetry stoojjcd to be the jjander of
every low desire. Hidiciile, instead of piittinf^
^uilt iind error to the i)hish, turned lier forinida-
lile shafts against innocence and triitli. — .M.\-
<..\ui..\Y« E.No., cii. 2, p. m>.
3217. LICENTIOUSNESS, Kegal. r.ouiM XV.
"When the personal altrac'ions [of Me.rchiones.s
of Pompadour) bcLjan to wane, she had the; ad-
dress to maintain her empir*; over the kim;, by
sanctioning, if she did not actually suirgest, tlw^
infamous establishment called the Pare au.\
(,'erfs, whicli was neither more nor less than a
.seraglio, after the fashion of the Oriental mon-
archs, formed l)y Louis in a beautiful retreat be-
l()n";ing to Ids unstress near Versailles. The fa-
vorite thus secured herself against the rise of any
dangerous rival who nuglit disputi' lier suprem-
acy ; i)ut th<! spectacle ofTercd thenceforth liy
the French court w;is a llagrant outrage to every
l)rincii)leof ])ul)lic decency, and produced result's
ill the highest degree prejudicial to the royal uu-
thority. — Sti'dknts' Fuanck, cli. 24, ^ 1.
924n. LICENTIOUSNESS, Buinous. D'if/ohrrt.
The private life of I)agol)ert was marked liy
gross licentiousness, lie is said to liave had, at
the same time, three (lueens-consort, liesidcs nu-
merous mistresses. Tliese excesses, added to the
lavish expenditure of his court, in the course of
a few years exhausted his revenues ; and in order
to raise money, Ik! began to confiscate the estates
of nobles whootTended him, imixi.sed exorbitant
taxes, revoked tiefs which had been granted in
perpetuity, and exacted heavy (ontribiitions
from rich churches and abbeys. — Students'
FiiANCK, ch. 4, 55 T.
3349. LITE, Aimin. Dioffe?ies. Diogenes held
that the ^iractice of virtue was man's chief end
of existence ; that as the body is strengthened by
active labor, the mind is invigorated anil kept in
health Viy a constant tenor of active virtue ; that
even the contempt of pleasure is a .solid and ra-
tional pleasure ; that .self-appliui.se is a sufflcient
reward to the wi.se man ; while glory, honors,
and wealth arc only the bait of fools ; that the
consummation of folly is to bo loud in the praise
of virtue without i)ractising it ; that tlie gods re-
fuse the prayers of man often from compassion.
— Tytlek's Hist., Book 2, ch. 9, p. 269.
3350. LIFE, Ambition of. John Milton's. The
ruling idea of JNIilton's life, and the key to his
mental liistory, is his resolve to produce a great
poem. Xot that the aspiration in itself is .singu-
lar, for it is proijably shared by every young
poet in his turn. As every clever .schoolboy is
destined by himself or his friends to become lord-
chancellor, and every i>rivate in the French army
carries in his haversack the baton of a marshal,
so it is a necessary ingredient of the dream on
Parnassus, that it "should embody itself in a form
of surpassing brilliance. What distinguishes
Milton from the crowd of young ambition, nu-
daxjuiriitit, is the constancj' of resolve. He not
only nourished through manhood the dream
of youth, keeping under the importunate in-
stincts whicli carry off most ambitions in middle
life into the pursidt of place, jjrotil, honor — th(^
thorns which spring up and smother the whnil
— but carried out ids dream in its iniegriiv in
old age. He formed himself for this achieve-
ment, and for no other. Study at home, travel
abroad, the ic na of political controversy, the
imblic .service, the practict! of the domestic
virtues, were so many parts of the schooling
which was to makeii poi t. — P.vttison'h .Mii.tun,
di. 111.
32SI. LIFE, Changes in. Sninnil Tfoiisfon.
His separation from his friends at tin- steamboat,
was a touching scene. He was a young man, for
he had not jiassed his tbirly-liftli year. He was
in the vigor and strength of early manhood. Hi;
had tilled the highest stations, and lieeii crowned
with the liighest honors his State could give.
They knew the history of hi.s early life, and they
fell pride in his cliaiiicter. He was literally a
man of the jieoiilc, and they hioked forward to
his future advancemciil with id! the ])i'i<le of kin-
dred feelings. A storm had suddenly iiiirsl upon
his path. [Ill an uiihaiiiiy married life of three
months. He returned to. the Cherokee Indians.
He reiiiMined three years. Hecanie the deliv-
erer of Texas.] Hut it was a voluntary exile
from scenes which only harrowed his feelings
while he stayed, and the Proviilenci; whicli had
shaped out fiis future life was leading him in a
mysterious wav through the forests to found a
new empire. Let those wlio laugh at a Divine
Providence, which watches over its chosen in-
struments, sneer as they read this ; they are wel-
come to their creed. — I^kstku's Houston, p. 42.
3353. . Capluin Co»h: At thirteen
(wiiicli was in the^'car 1741) he was apprenticed
to a dealer in dry goods near one of tlu; seaport
towns of Yorkshire, and pas.sed his time in carry-
ing home parcels and waiting upon customers.
He did not like this occupation ; and tliesea, the
open sea, was ever before his eyes, alluring him
to a life of adventure. His father d ying, he per
suaded his master to give up his indentures, and
restore him to liberty. He hastened to the port,
and binding himself apprentice to the owner of a
coal-vessel, he went on board in the capacity of
cabin-boy. Certainly, if a dandy naval officer
had citst his eyes upon this coal-blackened catiin-
])0}', and had" been told that that boy would die a
jiost-captainin the royal navy of Great Britain, Ik;
would have laughed the prediction to scorn. —
CYci.orKDi.v OF Bioa., i>. 379.
3353. LIFE attests Character. Ilumhl,: On
the decea.se of Zeiio, the emperor, Ariadne, the
daughter, and mother, and the widow of an em-
peror, gave her hand and the inii)erial title to
Aiiastasius, an aged domestic of the palace, who
survived his elevation above twenty -seven years,
and who.se character is attested by the acclama-
tion of the people, " Heigii as jou have lived ! "
— Gihbon's Ko.me, ch. 39, p. 5.
3354. LIFE, Choice in. Parahle. The Arabs
express this liy a ])arable that incarnates, as is
their wont, the Word in the recital. KingNim-
rod, say they, one day summoned into his i)res-
ence his three sons. He ordered to be set before
them three urns under seal. One of the urns was of
gold, the other of amber, lue third of clay. The
king bade the eldest of his sons to choose among
these urus that which appeared to him to contain
:|
3H-t
MFK.
1
!
the trciiHiiro of Kri-atcKl price. The eldest elioHe
the viiH(> of j^old.oii wliicli wiis wrillen tlie word
Kni}nr« ; he opened it, and found il full of lilood.
'I"he second took tlu! viinc of itniher, whereon wiih
Avrilten the word (llori/ ; he opened il, atid found
it full of the allies of men wh(>lmd nmde ii f^^reiit
Hcnsation in the world. 1"he third son look the
only reniaininj; vase, tlu' clay oik; ; he opened it,
mill found it ((uite empty ; hut on the bottom tin;
potter had inKcrihed tin' name of (i'xl. " Which
of these vas<'.4 wei^dislhe most '/" asked th(> kinif
of his courtiers, 'I'he men of amliition replied
it was tin; vase of trold ; the poets and (ron((uer'
ors, that it wan Uw amher one ; the .sat;es, that it
was the empty vase, because a sinifle li'tter of tin*
name of (4od was of more W(-i;i;ht than tln^ entii-(!
;,;lobe. AVe are of the o])inion of the saifes. We
believe that the /greatest things are ^^reat but in I Ik;
])roportion of divinity which they contain. —
L.\.\rAiniNKH TlHKKY, p. 3(i.
3il55. LIFE, City. Smiuid JoJinxon. I suir-
j,'estc(l adotibt, that if I were to reside in Londoii,
tlic ex()uisil<! ze.st with which I relished it in oc-
♦•asional visits mifjlit go olf, and I mitrht jrrow
tired of it. Johnson: " Why, sir, y()u find no
man, at all intt^llcctual, who is willing to leave
London. No, sir ; when a man is tired of London,
he i.s tired of life ; for there is in London all that
life can afford." — Boswkm.'h Johnson, p. 34r».
3%I50. LIFE degraded. Iiomann. Only a little
above the slaves stood the lower class, who form-
ed the vast majority of tlu^ freeborn inhabitants
of the Roman Empin<. They were, for the most
])art, beggars and idlers, familiar with the gros.s-
est indignities of an unscrupiilous dependence.
Despising a life of honest industry, tliey asked
only for bread and the gamers of the circus, and
■were read; to su[)p()rtany government, even the
most despotic, if it would supply these iieecls.
They spent their mornings in loim'ging about the
Forum, or in dancing attendance at the levees of
patnms. . . . They spc'nt their afternoons and
evenings in gos,siping at the Public Haths, in li.st-
lessly enjoying the polluted i)lays of the theatre,
or looking witli tierce thrills of delighted liorror
at the bloody sports of the arena. At night they
crept up to their miserable garrets in the sixth
and seventh .stories.— Fauuak's Eauly Days,
ch. 1, p. 3.
3357. LIFE delusive. fJ(Jinirf? G'Mon. Twen-
ty hours before his death jNFr. Gibbon happened
to fall into a conversation not uncommon with
Idm, on the probable diu'ation of his life. }Ic
said that he tliought him.self a good life for ten,
twelve, or jierhaps twenty years. About .six he
ate the wing of a chicken and drank three glasses
of Madeira. After dinner he became very imeasy
and impatient, complained a good deal, and ap-
])eared so weak that his servant was alarmed. —
Morrison's (jiiBBON, ch. 10.
335§. LIFE, Destruction of. Cnimdci^. In
these two luifortunate expeditions of Lewis IX.,
it is comptited that there jierished 100,000 men :
."iO.OOO had perished under Frederic Barbarossa,
300,000 under Philip Augustus and Kicharil
CJfEur de Lion ; 200,000 in the time of John de
Brienne ; and 160,000 had before been sacrificed
in Asia, besides those that perished in the expe-
dition of Constantinople. Thus, without men-
tioning a crusade in the North, and that afterward
to be taken notice of .against the Albigenses, it is
H reaMonai>le computation to estimate that two
millions of JMiropciuis, in these expnlilicns, wen*
buried in the Last.— Tvti.ku's llisr.. Book (J,
ch. 10, p. l(r».
3ilAf>. LIFE, Farewell to. Jo/u) Q'linri/ A<}(im.<>.
Tlu' last words < if .lohn (^\dncv .Vdanis are said to
have Iwen, " 'i'his is the last of earlh ; I am con-
tent." — AmICIIICA.N C'V( I.OI'KDIA, ".Ioh.n t^t i.t-
C V A 'JAMS. '
3il«0. LIFE forfeited. /?,// Ntf/hr/. Edward
rtibbon's . . . nialadv was dropsy. cnmplic4ilcd
with otlu'r disorders, lie had most siraiigdy neg-
lected a very danginius symptom for upward of
thirty years, not only having failed to lake medi-
cal advice about il, but even avoiding all allusion
to it to bosom friends like; liord ShctHcld. Jhit
longer concealment was now impossible. Ho .sent
for the eminent siM'gcon Fanpihar. . . . Thus,
in conse(picnc(' of his own strange self-neglect
and imprudence, was exlinguished one of tlu>
most richly-stored nunds that ever lived. Occur-
ring when it did, so near the last summons, (Jib-
bon's prosiu'ctive ho])e of contimied life " for ten.
twelve, or twenty j-ears" is harshly pathetic, ami
full of that irony which mocks the vain cares of
men. But, truly, his forecast was not irrational
if lie had not neglected ordinary precautions. —
AIomiisoNH (iinnoN, ch. 10.
3'iOI. LIFE, Future. American T:iii;<inii. The
dying chief sometimes arrayed himself in t lie gar-
ments in whicli he was to be bm'ied ; . . . and
when he had given u]i the ghost, he was placed by
his wigwam in a sitting posture, as if to show
that though life was spent, the princij^leof being
was not gone ; and in that ])osture he was burie<l.
P^verywhere in America this posture was a(lo])t-
ed at' burials. — Banchokt's Hist. U. .s., vol. 3,
ch. 22.
3363. LIFE, ImpedimentB in. Sum ad JoJin-
Hon. Jlis tigiu'e was large and well forme(l, and
his countenance of the cast of an ancient statue ;
yet his appearance was rendered strange and
.somewhat uncouth by convulsive cramiis, by the
scars of that distemper which it was once imag-
ined the royal touch could cure, and by a sloven-
ly mode of dress. He had the use only of one
eye ; yet so much does mind govern and even
supply the detlciency of organs, that his visual
perceptions, as faras they extended, were uncom-
monly (piick and accurate. So morbiil was hi.'*
temperament that he never knew the natural joy
of a free and vigorous use of his limbs -. when ho
walked, it was like the struggling gait of one in
fetters ; when he rode, he had no command or
direction of his horse, but was carried as if in a
balloon. That with his constitution and habits of
life he should have lived seventv-live years is a
proof that an inherent twida -vis is a jiowerful
preservative of the huii an frame. — Boswell's
Johnson, p. Se.^.
3363. LIFE, Indestructible. Animdlt. The
Indian believes also of each individual aninud
that it po.sses.ses the mysterious, the indestructi-
ble principl(! of life ; there is not a breathing thing
but has its shade, which never can perish. — Ban-
croft's Hist. U. S., vol. 3, ch. 22.
3364. LIFE, Inf cence of. A Good. [A young
man in a fit of anger struck out one of Lycurgus'
eyes with a stick. The offender was surrendered
to him for punishment.] He took him into his-
K
MIT..
3H."»
lioiisc, Iml sliDWcd him iinlll ticnliiiriil citliiT l)y
wortl (II' iii'tioii, only itnlcriiiL; liini lo wiiit n|)iiii
iiiiii, iiiHti'iiil (if his u.hiihI ni'I'viiiiIh iiiiiI iiltciidiirils.
Tli(!yi)iitli, who WMH of an infjcnnonsdisposition,
witliout ninrninrin^r, did as lie wasronunandi'd.
Living' in lids nianncr with lAcni'i^^is, and iiav
in^' an o|i|iorlnnily lo oiiscrvc tlic ndldni'ss and
^'oudnr^s (if Ids licarl, his sirici l( iniicruncc and
indi'faliuMlilc indnstry, iir (old his friends tliat
I.ycni^nis was not that prond and severe man lie
inip:lit have lieeii taken for, hut, ahoveall others,
pintle and en ira;,dii,!r in his lieliiivior. This, then,
uas the chastisement, and this |iiinishment he suf-
fered, of a wild and headsironjLcyoniiLj; man to lie-
come a very modest and iinulent citi/en. — I'l.t -
TAIK IIS Lyi TUOIH.
tTitW. LIFE, Inner. "lnnfrV»ir,\" Haeoii
hui'dly iniieeediMJ lieyoiid the iii'ovinee of natural
liliilosophy. He ('(iniiiared tlu^ siihtih! visions.
in which the conleniplativt; sold indidu'cs, to the
npi(h'r's Well, and sneered at, th mi us frivolous
and emjity ; hut tiic spider's w. . is essential to
the spider's well licin^j, and for his nctrlcet of the
inner voice Macon paid tin' terrihie penally of a
life di'^uiMced hy tlattery, •eltishness, and mean
(•oinpliancc. — I5.\.N(H()i'"r's l'. S., vol. !i, ch. HI.
H'MU. LIFE, Insignificant. Jii'mlns. Vivsnv
liad toucheil the ri;r||t point in ((iin^M'atuIaliiiLC
Cicero on his militarv cxiiloits. His friends in
tin,' Senale had heeii less Ueliciite. Hiliuius had
lieeii thaiiUed for liidinj; from th<! I'arthians.
When Cicero had hinted Ids e.xpectations [of
receiviiig ti triumph |, thu Senate had jmssed
lo the oi'der of thi! day. " t'alo," In; wrote,
" trcatsme sciirvily. llejfives me jiraise for jus-
tice, clemency, and inte^'rity, which I did not
want. Wlial 1 did want lie will not let me have.
C'a'sar [iromises me evcrythin;^. Cato has given
a twenty days' thank.ssriving to Mihuhis. I'ar-
«l(iiime,'if tills is mon^ than I can bear. Hut
1 am relieved from my worst fear. The I'ar-
thians havo left lJd)ulu.s half ulive." — Fk(jl'UK's
C'.i-:s.\K, ch. 21).
aaOT. LIFE lengthened. 0/ic Fourth. [Sta-
tistics show tliat hctween tlu; years KiJ)!} and
17U0 the expectation of human life' in England
Imd increased one fourth, resulting from great
social advancement, temporal jirospcrity, and
from less fre(iuent and less fatal epidemics.] —
KNKiUTS KN(i., vol. i), ch. 10, p. ')H.
3aOS. LIFE, Measure of. Charlen XIL Hav-
ing read a iiatin life of Alexander, .some? one
asked him what lie thought of that conrjueror.
"I think, ' said he, "that I should like to re-
Kembiehim." " Hut," said his tutor, " Alexander
lived only thirty-tw(j yeur-s." " Ah," replied the
Itrince, "and is not that enough when one has
conquereil kingdoms v" AV'hen his father heard
of tliis niily, he .said : " Here is a boy who will
make a beltCr king than I am, and who will go
farther even tliaii Gu.stavus the Great." — Cyclo-
pedia OK 15io(i., p. 4815.
3269. LIFE, Migerable. Ilmutn Slaren. At
tlie lowest extreme of the social .scale were mill-
ions of slaves, without family, without religion,
without pos.ses8ious, who bad no recognized
rights, and toward whom none had any recog-
nized duties, passing normally from a childhood
of degradation to a manhood of hardship and
an old age of unpitied neglect. — Fakkak's Ear-
ly Days, J). 2.
iiaro. LIFE neglected, lt>J»'t'( Itnn,*. Uoliert
Iturns, in the course of naiure, might yet have
been living ; bill his short life Was spent in toil
and peiniry ; and he died, in the prime of hi>«
manhood, miserable and neglected ; and yet al-
ready a lira ve mausoleum shines oxer hisdu>«t,
and more than one splendid nioniunent has been
reared in other places to his fame ; the street
where h ■ languished in poverty is called by his
name ; the highest |ieisonage-* in onr literaluro
have been proud to appear as lii< eommeiitalors
and admirers, and here Is the sirtli narrative of
his /,///■ that has lieen given lo the world !—
(.'aiii.yi.k'h MniNs, p. \'i.
•'IU7I. LIFE, Object in, I'liilnnoplnidf KiiimvuH.
It proposed . . . the allainmeiit of a perfect tran-
(|ulllily of mind. The term by which he niaikeil
theobjecl of his liliilosophy ciiiillibliled much 10
increase the number of his disciiiles. " The su-
preme happiness (if man," said Kpiciiriis, " ((in-
sists in jiltdKiiir. 'I'd this centre tend all his de-
sires ; and this, however disguised, is the real ob-
ject of all his actions. Tlie purpose of philos-
ophy is to teach whateNcr best condiiees to II111--0
laws. N'ice therefore was folly, and virtue llio
onlv true wisdom," — Tyti.kk's Hist., Hook 2,
ch.")», 1). 27)».
:I47'J. LIFE, Opening in, Ahnihum /Jumlii.
When nineleeii years old Alirahain I.incoln,
moved iierhaps e(|ually liy the desire to earn an
lionest livelihood, in the shape of " ten dollars a
month and found," and by ciirivsily to sec morn
of \hv world, inad(> a trip down the .Mississipjii
to New Orleans in a tlatboat. He went in coin-
pany with the son of the owner of tlu; lioal, who
intrusted a valuable cargo to their care. — Hav-
mond'h Li.\(<ii,n, ch. 1, [). 22,
3273. LIFE, Price of. Jluiixin. The nation-
al ine((uality eslablished by tiie Franks, in their
criminal iiroccedings, was the last insult and
abuse of coiKjuest. In the calm moments of leg-
islation they solemnly iironounccd that the lifo
of a Koman was of smaller value than that of 11
barbarian. The AninintiDii, a nanu! cxpressivir
of the most illustrious birth or dignity among
the Franks, was appreciated at tln^ sum of six
hundred pieces of gold ; while the nobli; provin-
cial, who was admitted to the king's table, might
be legally murdered at the expense of three hun-
dred pieces. Two hundred were deemed suffi-
cient for a Frank of ordinary condition ; but the
meaner Konians were exjiosed to disgrace and
danger by a trifling compensation of one hun-
dred, or even llftv, pieces of gold. — Giuhon's
HuMK, ch. ;J8, p. .VJ4.
3274. LIFE, A protected. Winthinijton'H. [The
Indians concentrated the aim of their rilies ou
him at Hraddock's defeat, but he escaped injury.
Sixty-four Hriti.sh officers were killed or wound-
ed, and Washington was the only niounled ollicer
left. A distinguished chief siiid] 'twas all in
vain ; a power mightier than we siiielded him
from harm. He cannot die in battle. . . . Lis-
ten ! The Great Spirit protects that man, and
guides his destinies ; lie will become the chief of
nations. [Ki the battles of Princeton, German-
town, and Monmouth he was peculiarly exposed,
yet uninjured.] — Custis' Washington, vol. 1,
ch. 11.
3275. LIFE, Public. For Others. As Pelop-
idas . . . was departing for tlie army, his wife.
line,
MFK.
N>
I
i!
m
\m
who f(»ll<iw('<l him to llic door, licHoujflit lilm,
with tciirx, to fiikc caiw of lihiisclf ; lie ariswcrctl :
" Aly (It'iir, |)rlviil(' ncrsons arc to lie a(lvi><c(l to
takf care of tliciiisclvt's, lait persons in a pulitic
• iiaraclcr to lal\c cari- of olIiirH. " — I'm taucii'm
I'M.Ol'IDAS.
:wr«. LIFE, Purpoie in. J<>f,ii Millnii. A
S(< inin^r iilifr, I)MI really liani at wurlt, in liis
fatiur s iiuiise at ilnrton. 'I'lie iiuiination wliieli
lie liail L:i\('n of liis purpose in the sonnet
. . . Iiail lieeonie, in Kill, "an inward prompt
inir wliieli urows daily upon me, lliat iiy lal)or
and intent siu<ly, wliieii I tal;(> to lie my portion
in tills life, joined with the sironi; propensity of
nature. I miirlil perliaps leave somethinjf so writ-
ten to after times as tliev sIkiiiUI not \villini,dy
let it die." — I'attihon's .Nlii.ro.N, eh. 'i.
:M77. . /'(///• Cini/K r. Cooper Insti
tule is that evenin;f school which I'etcr Coo
|ier resols'ed to founil as lomj; airo as |H|(), when
he was acoach niaker'sappi'cntice looking; aliont
in New York for a |)lace where he could >^et in-
slruetion in the evenin,l,^ liiil was unalih^to tind
it. 'I'hniutrh all his career, as a caliinet-makcr,
irroccr, manufacturer of ulue, and iron founder,
lie never lost si^dit of thisolijeet. If he liad a
fortunate year, or made a successful speculation,
he was uratitied, not that it increased Ids wealth,
liiit liecausc it liroutdit, him nearer to the icali-
/alion of his dream. — ('y( i.oi'Kdia oh' Hioo.,
1 1. 577.
.l'J7M. LIFE, Qualifloation for. h'<hiriiti»ii.
His son Alc.xaiah'r lieinit then fourteen years of
ajre, Philip invited Aristotle to reside in his
court, and take diarize of the prince's education.
This was the irrcatest honor which a kiiii; could
then liestow u|ion a man of Icarninsj:. Aristotle
accepted tlie invitation. He was reccivc<i at
court with the fi:realcst honor, and Alc.vunder
liccamc ti'iiderly altacheil to his instnu'tor. He
.said once that he honored Arist<itle no less than
his own father ; for if to tlie one lie owed his
life, he owed to the other that which mad(( life
worth havinii;. — Cyci.oi'kdia oi-' Hioo., j). .'j.jO.
3270. LIFE, A rational. Ilonum ?]in{wror Ah,r-
under. [Alexander rose early ; the first moments
of the day were coiisecrated to private devotion,
and his (hnnestic chajiel was tilled with the
imatres of those heroes who, liy iniproviiiir or
reforminif human life, had (lescrved the trrate-
ful reverence of jiosterity. 15iit as he deemed
tlie service of mankind tin; most acceptable
worship of tlic ffodw, the ,i,n'eatcst part of his
mornini; hours was employed in his council,
where lie discu.ssed public affairs and determined
]irivate causes with a patience and discretion
above his years. The dryness of business was
relieved by the charms of literature ; and a ])or-
tion of time was always set apart for his favorite!
studies of poetry, history, and philosophy. The
works of Virgil and Horace, the republics of
Plato and Cicero, formed liis taste, enlarged his
understanding, and gave him the noblest ideas
of man and irovernment. Tlie exerei.ses of tli'i
body succeeded to those of the mind ; and Alex-
ander, who wa.s tall, active, and robust, sur-
I)assed most of his ecjuals in the gymnastic arts.
Refreshed by the u.se of tlie buth and a slight
dinner, lie resumed, with new vigor, the busi-
ness of the day ; and till the hour of supper,
the jirincipal meal of the Romans, he was at-
tended l»y his >iecretarieH, with whom ho reml
and answered the mullitu<le of letters, memo-
rials, and pelltioiiH, that must have been ad-
dressed to the master of tlie urealesi part of tho
world. His table was served with the most
frugal Hiinplicity ; and whenever he was at lib-
erty to consult liis own inclination, the company
consisted of a few select friends, men of learning
and virtue, among whom I'lpian was constantly
invited. Their eonvcrsiilion was familiar and
instructive ; and the pauses were occasionally
enlivened by the recital of some pleasinij com-
position, which sujipl led the place cf the dancers,
comedians, and even gladiators, so Ireipieiitly
summoned to the tallies of (he rich and luxur)
oils {{oiniins. The dress of .MeMinder was plain
and modest, his demeanor courteoiisand all'abli' ;
at the proper hours his palace was open lo all his
subjecis, iiiil the voice of a crier wiis heard, as in
the I'lleusiriian mysteries, pronouncing the .same
sidutary adiiionidoii : " Let none eiiler those holy
walls, unless he is ciinscioiis of a pure and inno-
cent mind." — (Jiiuionk Romk, ch. (I. p. 171i.
.ItlMO. LIFE regulated. St»i,-M. 'I'lie virtue
of the Stoics was not a principle of tranipiil and
passive ac(|uiescence ; it wasaslatcof eonlinual,
active, and vigorous exertion. It was the dutj
of man to exercise the facilities of his mind in
aciiuainling himself with the nature, the causes,
aiKl the relations of everv |mrt of that universe
which he sees around liim, that he may truly
undeistand his own place in it and the duties
which he is destined and called on to fullil. It
is incnmlieiit on man likewise lo exercise his
faculties in tin; discerning and distinguishing
those things over which he has the iiowerand
control, and those which are beyond his power,
and therefore ought not to be tlu! objects of hi.s
care or his attention. All things whatever, ac-
cording to the Stoics, fall under one or the other
of these descriptions. To the class of things
within our power belong our opinions, our de-
sires, alTeclions, endeavors, aversions, and, in a
word, whatever may be termed our own works.
To the class of things beyond our power belong
the body of man, his g Is or possessions, hon-
ors, dignities, olliees, and generally what cannot
be termed his works. — Tyti. Kit's Hist., li(Jok '4,
ch. 9, p. L>7!>.
aawi. LIFE, Rules of. Sindni/mrf/. His" Rules
of Life" [were] : 1. often to read and meditate
on the \\ ord of (tod ; '2, to submit everything
to tlie will of Divine Providence ; ',\, to observe
in everything a proiiriety of behavior, and to
keep the conscience clear ; 4, to discharge with
fidelity tlie functions of my em]>loyment and
the duties of my odice, and to render myself ia
all things useful to society. — Wiiitk's Swkdem-
HOHd, di. 7, 1). 01.
3!2M2. LIFE, Secret of. J".ii,ih Qiii/in/. It con-
cerns us all to know the secret of such health
and longevity as this. His father died very
young, and his mother in middle life. Nor had
any of his iiaternal ancestors lived beyond .seven-
ty-four. ... In the first jiliicc, he was strictly
temperate in the use of intoxicating drinks,
almost to total abstinence. At breakfast and at
night lie ate moderately and of plain food. At
dinner, which he had the good sense to eat in the
middle of the day, lie ate heartily of whatever
was set before him. He discovered, many years
i
LIKE.
387
apt, liow imiMntimt pcrfrct cltiinlliu'SN Ih lo llic
lircMTvalion of liciillli, itiid he iiiailc a fmiiicnt
use (if the lialli lull, tlic llixli IhiimIi, imd the liair
HldVcM. lie was ail fxcti'diinrly carlv liHcr, lli'
was aildiclcd In no vice wlialivcr. Ills life was
hlaiiii'li'ssaiid clin-rfiil. lie iiidiilp'd iKiiictif llic
|iitHNi(iiis wliicli was))' tlic vitality and pci'vcrt tlir
cliariictcr. All Ids (ilijccts wcrr such as a ratjuiial
mid vii'tiKiiis mail cniild luiisuc witlmiit self I'c
pruacli, and with the a|i|iriiliati<m nf the wi-<r
and LTniid, 'I'lins living, he attaiiicil nearly t<i the
aiL'i' iif niiii'ty three, enjoyiiij,' life alnidsi id the
last lidiir, and iiissed away as ]>eaeefiilly and
iminli'SMly as a iliild jjnes t(i s|ee|i. lie was an
eniiiieiitlv liandsdine man, fi'din youth Id ex-
treme did iiii:r. His line set of teetll he kept en
tire until his death ; and this, iid ddiilit, had
much Id (Id with preserviii>; the health nf his
liddy iiiKi the priipdi'tidiis df his enuntenanee.
(Sie No. ;t2S7. J— ('Y«'i.<iri;iiiA <ik Mkki., ji. 7"iU.
:WW:i. LIFE ihortened. ■• Arfnmis ]y,i.:l."
I Mr. Charles l<\ Hniwne. | Wherever he lectured,
whether in New Hii^riand, Califdrnia, or lidii
ddii, there was sure Id lie a knot, df ydunn fellows
Id ;;allier I'dund him, and k<> home \\ ith him to
his hotel, (irder supiier. and spend half the, iii;;ht
in telling stdriesand sinLciiij;son;:s, 'I'o mii/ man
this will he fatal in lime ; liiil when the niirhtly
carouse follows an (!veniiiij;'s jierfdrinance hefore
an iiudience, and is succeeded liy a railniad joiir-
ney the next day, the wasl(! df vitality is fear-
fully rapid. Five years (if .such a life tinished
jKior Charles Hniwiie [Arlennis \Viird|. lie died
in Jjdiidon, in lH(i7,a.ued thirty-lliree years ; and
he now lies buried at, Iho hoiiil' of his" childhddd
in Maine. . . . ih; was luit a deep drinker, lie
was iidt a man df stnuiif aiiiietites. It was IIk!
nii^hts wasted in cdiivivialily, which his system
needed fdr sleep, that sent him Id his j^rave fdrty
years liefdre his time.— (^Yn.di'KDi.v uv I5i(i(i..
p. 748.
3il8'l. LIFE, Simplicity of. IhtrkinxKhinnn.
The hardy liackwoddsinan, clad in a hiinliii^
shirt and deer-Hkiu le^^^inirs, armed with a rille,
a powder-hdrn, and a pdiicli fdr shdt and hiillets,
a hatchet and a hunter's knife, descended the
iiiduntains in the ()uest of nidn* distant lands,
which he fiirever imagined Id he richer and Idvc-
lier than thdsi! ho knew. Wherever he (i.xed his
hall, the hatchet hewed loirs for his cahin and
Mazed trees df the forest kept the recdrds of his
title-deeds.— U.vnchokt's U. S., vol. 7, ch. \'>.
3iili5. LIFE, Start in. AlcrdiuUr Sf,p/„n.>>.
The iiidst part of his younirer days had lieen
passed in the (irdinary farm lalidrs ("if aSduthern
jilantatidU. His earliest ])ractice in these laliors
■would seem to have been incorn-dnippiiiir, an art
in "which ho soon liocanH! an e.\i)ert. At tlu- ai^e
of eleven he commenced jtlouuhiiiir, and liy the
followinj; year was one of the rcfrular iildu^licrs
on the farm. Ah ho also ran all tlio ernuids,
was mill-hdv, sliop-hoy, and did, in fact, all the
little jobs that fall to a lad .so .situated, it -will
readily be perceived that his opportunities for
schooling; mu.st have been few and far between.
— Nouton's Like of Alexandeu Stephens,
ch. 1, p. 1.
33§0. LIFE, A Bucoesiful. Washington Ir-
ving. The life of Washington Irving was one of
the brightest over led by an author, lie discov-
ered his genius at an early age ; was graciously
(^iiiiicy
. (luriiii;
welcdtned by his cduntrynieii : iinswere(l tho
literary cdiiditidii nf the peiidd when he iip-
peare(r : Wdii easily, and as easily kept, a distin-
guished iilace in the republic (if lellcrs ; wan
^'enerdiisly rewarded fur his work ; charmed lii.H
cdnlempdraries by his amiability and mndcHty ;
lived Idiig, wisely, happily, and died at a ripn
did age, ill the fuiiicss of his powers and hiit
lainc,— Stdiidviid'h Iuvi.mi, p ((.
;itl«7. LIFE, Training for, .Aw'r/// (,>>u'iiri/.
Ildrn in 177".', and died in IStiJ ' Ninety Iwdvears
(if hap|iy, prdspcrous, luid virtudiis life ' lldW
was it that, in a wurld sd full of the -ick, the
miserable, imd the unfdrtuiiiite, .lo^inh
should have lived sd Idiiir. and eiijuycd
alnidsl the wlidle df his life, unintcrrupli'd liap-
piiicss and prdspeiity '.' Let us see. , , . Left an
orphan at .>-d early an age, his education was
sui>eriiiti'iided by one of the best mollicrs n bdV
ever had ; and this was the llrsi cause lidth of
the length and of the happiness df his life. Tlii.s
iidinirable inother was .sd cnrefiil lest her fdiid-
nessfdr herdiilyson shdiild cause her id indiilgo
him Id his harm, that she even rcfriiiiii li from
caressing him, and, in all that she did for him,
llidught of his welfare llist, and of her dwn
pleasure last, (ir iidt al all. Td harden hiiii, sho
used Id have him taken fi'din a warm bed iit
winter, as well as in summer, and cariicd down
to a cellar kitchen, and there dipped three times
in a tub df cdid water. She even accustoiiie(l
him to sit in wet feet, and endeavored in all
ways to tdUghen his iih\sical system ai;iiiiist tho
wear and tear of life. [See N("). y~'8:3.J— CvcLO-
rKDi.v OK Hioti., p. 749,
itiinn. LIFE, Uncivilized. [ii(fi,ni. Li mid-
winter of 17()M-4 the town of Dcertieid was de-
stroyed. . . . Forty-seven of the 'iihaliilaiits wero
tdiiiahawked. A hundred and twehc wero
dragged into captivity. The prisoners, many
of them Wdineii and children, were obliged to
march to Canada. The snow lay four feet deep.
The pcKir wretches, haggard w ith fear iiiid stjir-
vatidii, sank ddwn and died The deadly
hatchet hung ever abdve the heads of the f'-eblo
and the sick. Eunice! Williams, the tninister's
wife, fainted by tla; wayside ; in the presence of
her husband and tivecai)tive children her braiim
were dashed out with a toinahawk. Those who
survived to Ihv end of the journey were after-
ward ransomed and permitted to return to their
desdiated hdines. A daughter of Mr. Williams
remained with the .savages, grew uji among the
Mohawks, married a chieftain, and in after years
returned in Indian garb to Deerlield. No en-
treaties coidd induc(! her to remain with her
friends. Tho solitude of the Wdods and the so-
ciety (if her tawny husband had jirevailed ov(!r
tho charms of civilization.— Uiur.vrii's L'. S.,
ch. 17, p. ir)4.
•lilSB. LIFE Unhappy. SdimielJohnson. IIo
used fre(iuently to ob.serve that there was more
to bo endured than enjoyed in the general con-
dition of human life ; and frequently quoted
those lines of Dryden :
" Strange cozenage 1 none would live pa.st years
again,
Yet all liopo pleas\ire from what still remain."
For his part, he said, he never pa.ssod that week
in his life wliich ho wor.ld wish to repeat, were
II
888
MFK-r.KJIIT.
nn nn^t'l to iiiiikc the propniKitl td liliii. — Moh-
WKi.i.'s Johnson, p. ITH.
:M00. life, a uieful. Sir Ifnmphni Ihirji.
Il was Diivv will) iruvi' llir ifrnil iiii|iiiN<' to \\\ir\
niltni'iil I'licriiisli'N a liniiirh of m( ii'iicr wliiili
li.is iilri'Mily ri'Vnhitinni/i'il rnriiiiii;; in llic Old
World, Mild whlrli is di'xtilii'd to Ih' I|i<> Iiimiki's
lifNt lliiiid ill llir Nrw. It wiiM III' w lio iipplicil
<'lii'tniNiiy to till' ml of tiiniiliiL'. It wii>4 li< who
diHcoMTi'd tliiil iliiiiiioiid Is tiotliiii^ liiit ci'vstiil
li/.ril (liiii'i'iiiil. Mild III' wlio found out how to
rouvcrt whiskey iiilo IdIci'mIiIc liraiidv. Ills
dl.scovrriis ill liiilvMiiisiu mid clcclricll y were
xlrikinu mid xmIiimIiIc, and tliry have Iti'iii fur
Ihcr dcvi'lopnl liy his crlclinitt'd pupil and
friend. I''ai'aday. ... Of all his invcnlioiis, tin'
oiiu wliirli III' and his ('oiilciiiporaiirs valiiid
most wa- till' Mitrlv lamp, lo pirviiil the cxplo-
hIoii of till' damp in minrs. This lamp, which
is mcirlv II laiilcrn made of wiiT u:au/.i', was the
ii'siill ol an cxliaiistive invcstiuatioii of the nn-
lure and ('oni|iosition of ihi' I'.xplo^ivi; >;as. —
(vi i,<»i'i;i)iA oi.' Miod., p. HOI.
:WOI. LIFE, Valuoof. lnHnhl. |\Vit!iili('
lioinans. I .\((c)riiinL;- to the stiaiii,^' jiiri-ipni-
(h'nci' of till' times, the ;ruilt of hlood iiiiirht he
redeemed liy a tine ; vet the \\vz\\ priee of nine
liundreil pieeiji of t;(ild ileelareH ii just sense of
the value of a .simple eili/.eii. I^ess atrocious
injuries, a wound, ii fr.'icliire, a Mow, an oppro
lirioiis word, were measured with scrupulous
and alnio-t ridiculous (lili!:eiice ; and the pru-
dence of the leuisjalor eneiairaired the iiiiiolile
practice of luirteriiiL;- honor and revenL''e for a
peeuniarv couipeiisalioii. — (hiuio.v's idi.Mi:, eh.
4."i, I., li:..
_ :WO'i. LIFE, Vanity of. Trhn,>],h,d PmrcH.
$uiii. I'I'he uieat .soldier I{elisa''ius| obtained
The honors of a triumph, a ceremony . . . \\liich
fiiicicnt |{ome, since the reiirn of 'I'ilierius, had
reserved for the (('^v;//(•/'((/,l( arms of the Ciesars.
From the palace of IJelisariiis the |irocessioii
was cnii.iucled Ihroi jrh the principal .streets to
the hipiiiKliome. . . . The wealth of iiMlions was
displayed, the trophies of martial or ctlcminate
luxury ; rich ariror, ;^oldeii thrones, and the
chariots of slate which had lieeii used liy the
Vandal queen ; the massy furniture of the royal
liaiupiet, the splendor of jirecious stones, ilie
cleiraiit forms of statues and vases, the more
suhstanti.il treasure of uold. ... A loni; train of
the nolilcst N'andals reluctaiilly c.\|)osed their
lofty stature and manly countenance, (ielimer
[the ca])tive Vandal kiiitr| slowly advanced : he
wa.s clad in a imrplc rolie, and still maintained
the majesty of a kiiiir. Not a tearcscajied from
liis eyes, not, a siijh was heard ; hut his pride or
piety derived some .secret ciai.solation from the
words of Solomon, which he repeatedly ])r<)-
nounced, V.smtv I \ a.nitv ! ai,i, ih vanity !
Iii.stead of ascendini,' a triumi>hal car drawn hy
lour horses or elephants, tlie modest compieror
marched on foot at tlic licad of liis hrave com-
panions ; his jirudenct! miirlit decliiu! an lionor
too conspicuous for ii suhject, and his inairna-
nimity 'nii,dit justly disdain what laid been so
often .sulli. d hy the vilest of tyrants. — Giijuon's
H<).\iK, ch. 41, p. 131).
3a»3. LIFE, Vision of. Strong nud Weak.
Truly airectinL,^ is the iuia!,'iuuiy spoctucle, so
"iitlly conjured up, of Cnunwdl nnd IiIh hrldo
sliindliiu hy the allar of St. (JHi'm' Church,
('ripiili'Kate, . . . Tl. -soft hand of Kll/alielh- lh«
rouuli, Mtronj; hand of Oliver; lli<-hand hoi liii^
that Utile one In its ^rnmp was to deal death-
Mows on liattle llelds ; Il wiin to nIu;ii it mon-
arch's death warniiit : il Was to ^riuip the trun-
cheon of royalty and power; Il wa.H to fold till)
purple of hovereiifiily over the shoulilers ; Il
was to Wave hack an olTered <rown ! Tliat
frank hut stroiiLdy lined faee, so youthful, yet
pri niMliii'ely Ihoimlilfiil, and llial kind and Ken-
tie creiiture, fMce lo faie liefore him IIii'oukIi
what a crowd of vmyinu; cliMiiKes shall il sorrow
mid smile : inn lowly homestead, direeliiur the
Work of maids mid churls ; in a palace ami a
court, aiiioiic Hollies and siikmcIous slatesin<'n ;
and ai^iiln, in silence aiul oliscurily, and shining
with the same eipiahle lustre Ihnaiirh all. iieaii
tiful Kli/alieth llouchcr ! so hiimlile, and yd so
tiiKllilied !- Hoods Cho.MW KI.i,, cli. U.*), p*. A'i.
:»tlOI. LIFE. Wandering. Tirt.iri*. The wan
di'riii'.,' TMrlars follow at this day the life of the
anciciil Scythians, lii the spring a liU'Lie liody
or horde, amounliiViC perhaps to ten thousand,
sets out in ipiest of selllcnieiil for the slimmer.
They dii\e liefore them their Mocks iiiid herds;
and when they come lo an inviting spot, they
j live upon it till all ils verdure is eiiicn U|), anil
till the coiintiy supplies no more name for thii
I chase. They cxcliMllLrc CMttle with the |{ussimis,
' the I'ersiaiis, mihI the Turks, for money, with
which they |)urcliase cloth, .silks, stiitl's, and ap-
parel for their women. They have the use of
lire-arms, w liiili Ihey are very dexterous at mak-
iiiLT. and it is almost the only mechanical art
wliicli tliev exercise. They disdain every other
species of labor, and account no employment lo
be honorable, unless that of huntinu'. When a
man, from aire, is incapable of partaking in the
usual occupalion of his tribe, it is customary
with 'hem, as it is likewise with the Caiiadian
.savages, to build him a small hut upon the banks
of a river, and, .uiviiu^ him soini! provisions,
leave him to die. without takinir any further
charge of liim. — Tvti,kk'.s lIisT. , Hook 0, ch. ~';i,
p. -M-z.
rWOS. LIFE, Wasted. CharliHir. He wished
merely to be a kinn' such as Louis XV'. of
France afterward was — a V.u\^ who could draw
without limit on the treasury for the K'"''rt<a-
tiou of his private tastes, who could liire with
wealth and honors persons cajiable of assist-
iiif^ him to kill the time, and who, even when
the State was brought by maladminislration to
the depths of humiliation and to the brink of
ruin, could still exclude unwelcome truth from
the purlieus of his own .serajrlio, and refuse to
SCO and liear whatever niijrht disturb liis lux-
urious repose. . . . His favorite vices were pre-
cisely those to which the Puritans were lea.st in-
dulj.rent. He could not ^^'t throufih one day
without the hel|) of diversions which the Pu-
ritans repirded as sinful. — Macallay's Enu.,
ch. 2, p. 159.
3306. LIGHT, Contribution of. " ILturi out
your JJ>//it«." The steeple of liow Church, erect-
ed in \i)V2, had lanterns, " which were meant to
liave been jrlazed," says Stow, " and lights placed
niirhtly in them in the winter, whereby travellers
to the city ini^ht have the better sight thereijf.
M(»irr-r,iTKi{.\Ti im;
8Hl>
mill not to inl-'i nf their wnyi(." 'I'lm iniiyor
i'otniiiiindi'd it mitiiry cikrlicr tliiU liiiitrnis uml
HkIiIm mIiuiiIiI In' hiim|i<'iiiIi'<I In frmil of tlir liniisi's
1)11 wiiilir I'VirilnxM. " iliiti^ oiil your ll);lils '
wiiM till' cry III ilii'iinilriii wuicliinuii. — Knkiht h
ENii., vol. '.', ell. ','», p. IHI.
:i*i97. LIOHT introduoad. f.oiiihn Stmtn. In
till' iiisi yi'itr 1)1 till' ri'iKii nl < 'liurlrH II. Ik'^uu ii
^'rriit i'liiiliu:i' ill till' |i<iiiri' III' i.oiiildii -It ('liitiiK<'
Wllicli lliis |ii'iliii|)S iiilili'il IIH nillrji III the liii|i|i|-
ni'Ns (if till' ^r|'i III iiiiitv lit' llic iii'(i|ii(' ii.>i rcviiiu'
tioiiH III' iinicli frri'iiirr I'linir. An iii>;riiiiiiiH iini'
Jrciiir. iiiiniril Kilwiii'il ll^lllill^^ iiliiainril IcttiTH
piitriit. ninvryini; In liiiii, liir ii Iri'iii iif yciirH, tlir
t'XrIllsivr ri)(lit III' lltrllllMtf lll> liHlliliill. Ill' lin-
ilrrtiiiik, I'lir II iiKHliTiilr ('iinNiiliTiitioii, tn placi' u
liu'lit lirl'iirc I'vrry tenth liiinr, on iiKiunlesH
nlKhtH, I'riiiii Mirhiu'hniiH In Lmly Day, uml t'rnin
h\\ Id twelve (if the ciiick. 'I'Iiiimc who now see
the capital all tlie year rniinil, frimi dnxk to
(lawn. Iila/.lnj; with a Hplenddr ('(inipared with
whicii the llhiniiniitionH for Lallo^MH' and Itleii-
heiin wiiiild have liioked pale, may perhiipH .smile
til think of llemin>;'s liintenis, whicli ^dimnier-
ed feelily hefore one house in ten during a small
jiiin of one iii|,'hl III three. — M.m ,vi i.ay'h Kn<i.,
eh. It, p. :i:m.
:i'J»M. LIOHT opposed, (.^(h. In |H07 fail Mall
was lijrlited by (.nis. Tlie ori^'iiial pis com
jiany, whose example was to lie followed, not
onlv by all Knj^iand, lint by the whole civil
iz«'("l world, was tirst derideil, and then treated
in Piirliament as rapacioiiH monopolists, intent
upon the mill of establisju'd industry. The ad
venturers in pislitjlit did more for the preven-
tion of crime than the piverninent had dom^
since the dayn of Alfred. [It, was said to be
ruinous to tlie whale tislieries and to the sea-
men eiiL'aired in them. |— K.NKinr'H Knu., vol. H,
ch. (I, p. (I(i.
aa»9. LIGHTNING, Fear of. SuperHtition.
The pull! ic expected that [the Emperor Carinus,]
tlic successor of [the Homaii Kmperor] (,'arus,
would pursue his father's foot.steps, and, without
allowinir the Persians to recover from their con
sferimtion, would advance sword in hand to the
palaces of Snsa and Ecbatana. Hut the leirions,
however stroma in iiumberH and disci])line, were
disnii., . 1 by the most abject superstition. Not-
witlistandinV all the arts that were practised to
disiruisc^ the mamua- of the lati; emperor'sdeath.
it Was found impossible! to remove the oiiinion of
the multitude, and the i)ow<rr of opinion is irrc-
sislilile. I'laces or jiersons strui'k with liiflit-
nin!,^ were; considered by the ancients with ])i()us
horror, as singularly devoted to tli(! wrath of
Heaven. — Giuhon's'Romk, ch. 12, p. :W3.
3300. . Motlur of W,in/iiii(/lon.
One weakness alone l)elon;jed to this lofty-mind-
ed and intre])id woman. It was a fear of liirlit-
nin.i,'. In early life a female friend had been
killed at her side while sittinj^ at the table. . . .
The matron never recovered from the shock.
. . . On the approach of a thunder cloud she
would retire to her chamber, and not leave it
attain till the storm had passed over. — Cuaria'
Washington, vol. 1, ch. 1.
3301.LIQUOBTBAPFIC vs. Sabbath. Franr^.
I When Bonaparte was banished to Elba, an(l
jouis XVIII. was restored to the throne of
France, lie) forbade xhops to be opcnid on Sun-
day* and fete davH. Wl c ■oilers, ri"<iiiiiraiileiirH,
and billiard lubUt-keepi rs th(iiii;lit llini no tyr-
iinny could be eiiiial to thai of clooin;; their es-
tabllNhnieiilN during the hours of ili\ iiie Ncrvlce.
- K.nioiit'm Knu., vol. H, ( h 'J, p. '.'It,
:i:i<HI. LITERATURE, Conoeit In. <lmkii of
('i)iiitliiiiliiioi)lr. Ill proHc the leiisl olTi'llslve of
the My/.aiitine writers are absolved frmn eeiisiiro
by their naked and unpreKimiiiiK simplieily ;
but the oriilors most i'loi|Ui'iit in their own eiiii-
ceit are the farthesl removed fro\ii the modeU
whom they alTect to emulate In cMry pat{"
our taste and reason are Nsoundi'd by thechoicit
of ^dganlic and obsuleie words, a stilT and intri-
cate phraseolojfy, the discord of iina),tes, the child-
ish play of false or utiNeasonable ornamenl, and
the painful attempt to elevate themselves, to as-
tonish the reader, and to involve a trivial mean-
\\\\i in the smoke of obscurity and exaggeration.
Tlieir prose is soaring to the vicious alTectation
of poeli V ; their poetry is sinking below the tint-
ness ami insipidity of prose,— (iinno.Ns Uomu,
ch. W, J). !»H1.
:i;iO:i. literature, Eifaoti of. Military.
We ate told that in the sack of Athens the OolJis
hiul collected all the libraries, and were on thi!
point of setting lire to this funeral pile of Ore-
ciiin Icarniiiir, had not one of their chiefs, of
more retlned policy than his brethren, dissuaded
tliein from the design by 'lie profound oliser-
valion that as long as the '.ireeks were addicteil
to the study of books, they would iiexer apply
tliemselves to Iiie exercise of arms. Tlie .saga-
cious counsellor (should the truth of the act be ad-
milted) reasoned like an ignorant biirliarian. In
the most polite and powerful nations genius of
every kind has displayed it.self aliout the samu
period ; and iIk; age of science has generally
been the age of military virtue and success. —
(iinnoNs l{oMi;, ch. 1((, p. HI I,
:i:iOI. LITERATURE, Fame in. UiniUd. Of the
thirty " heii's of fame" (authors and poets) who
occupy about seven hundred pages of .lohnson's
biographies, there are only about ,seven whom
the world has not very " willinulv let die." Uowe,
Prior, C'ongreve, (lay, are still talked about.
Addi.son and Swift ari! read for their pro.se.
I'lijie is almost I lie sole name in p'letry tliat is
not partially or lieiliietically sealed up in the
" inonnmeiit of banished minds." — ivNiuHT's
K.NO,, vol. T), ch. 2»(, 1). 41").
:|!I05. LITERATURE, Genius in. Taxm. Ho
is peculiarly excellent in the delineation of hi.'*
characters. ... It is now generally allowed
that Uoileau and Addi.son have miich underval-
ued tlui merit of Ta.sso, when, in contrasting him
with Virgil, they speak of tlu; tinsel ornamenU
of his poems compared with the gold of the other.
Ta.sso, though not on the whole .so correct ii poet
as Virgil, hius his strokes of the sublime — his gold-
en pn.ssages — which will stand the test of t'ne sever-
est criticism. In point of fancy and imagina-
tion no poet has gone beyond him : witness the
description of hisenchantcd forest ; nor have wo
anywhere more Iwautiful examples of the true
pathetic. — Tytleu's Hist., Book (5, ch. 36,
p. 493.
3306. . Ariosto. A work . . , (about
the middle of the sixteenth century) appeared itt
m
hi
390
LITERATUUK.
Ituly, wliicli ciigroHscd the iittcntioii of nil the
literary world. This was llic "Orlando Furi-
oso " of Ariosto, an epic ])ocni, vliicli, with a
total disregard of all the rules of this sju'cics of
C'oinposiiioii, without plan, without i)roi)aliility,
without morality or dcci'iicy, has the most caj)-
tivatiiiir ciiarniH to all whoare i»ossessed of tiie
smallest deirrce of f^'enu.ne taste. Orlando is the
hero of the piece, and he is mad. Eiylit hooks
are eoiisuircd before the hero is introduced, ,uid
liis first apiK'arance is in bed desirini; to slee]).
His great i)urposeisto find his mistress Angel-
ica ; hut his search of her is interrui)te(l by 'o
many advcn'ures of other knights and diunscls,
each of them pursuing some separate object, few
of which have any necessary relation to the
piece, that it becomes almost impossible to pe-
ruse llii; ,)oem with any degree of connection be-
tween the iiarts. . . . The reader nuist Inmt
for . . . [any tale] throi' ^h a dozen books, for it
is often cut short in the most interesting jiart,
and resumed at the distance of five or six cantos,
as abruptly as it was ))roken off. There is no
good moral in the adventures of the mad Orlan-
do, and the scenes which tho jwet describes are
often most irrossly indecent. — TvTLEU'8 lIiST.,
Book 6, c!i. '30, j). 493.
3307. . Mi'ton. From tho dale of
the Gerusalenuue Liberata of Tasso, the genius
of epic poetry seems to have lain asleep for
above a century, till the days of Milton ; with
the exception only of the Fairy Queen of Spen-
ser, which li IS many detached passages abound-
ing in beauties, but, as an intricate and i>rotraet-
ed allegory, is dry and tedious upon the wliole.
The merits of the Paradise Lost have lu ii .so
admirably illustrated by Addi.son in the Spcctd-
tor, and the W(jik it.self, as well as his criticism,
are so generally known, that it becomes entirely
luinecessaiy in this place to bestow much time
in characterizing it. Coinpnred with the great
epic poems of antiquity, the Iliad, the Odyssey,
and the ^Eneid, the Paradise Lo.st has more ex-
amples of the true sublime than are to be found in
all those compositions put together. At the same
time, if examined by critical rules, it is not so
perfect a work as any one of them ; and there are
greater instances of a mediocrity, and even sink-
ing in composition, than are to be found in any
of those ancient poems, imless in the sixth book,
which is almost one continued specimen of the
sublime. It is but seldom that the poet sustains
liimself for a single page without degenerating
into bombast, false wit, or obscurity. — Tytlek's
Hist., Book 6, ch. 36, p. 493.
330§. . John Driidiu. In the end
of the seventeenth century lyric poetry in Eng-
iand was carried to its highest jwrfection by
Dryden. The ode on 8t. Cecilia'.^ Day has never
eince been eijualled ; and it may even be pro-
nounced equal to the best lyric compositions of
antiquity. The genius of Dryden, as a iioct,
was universal. As a satirist, he has the keen-
ness without the indelicacy of Horace or .luve-
nal. In this species of composition his Mack-
tlecknoe and Absalom and Achitophel have never
been surpassed. He excels Uoileau in this re-
spect, that the .satire of the French poet is too
general, and therefore falls short of its great
purpose, which is to amend. The author who
makes mankind in general the subject of ids cen-
sure or of his ridicule will do no good as a re«
former. Dryden, as a fabulist, displays a very
hapi)y turn for the poetical narrative, and though
the subjects of his fables are noi his own, thev
are in general well chosen. The merit of hfs
dramatic jiieces, though considerable, is not very
high. He certainly ])ossesse(l that invention
wliich is the first (pialily of a drannitic poet ;
but he is very deficient in the expression of pas-
sion, and in his finest scenes wv, are incline I
more to admire the art of the poet than to par-
ticipate in the feelings of his characters. — Tyt-
LKua Hist., Book 0, ch. 30, p. 490.
3300. . Shtikctpeare. The merits
of Shakespeare have often been analyzed, and are
familiar to every person of taste. He cannot be
measured by the rules of criticism — he under-
stood them not, and has totally disregarded
them ; but this very circvunstance has given
room for t'-.ose beauties of unconfined nature and
astonishing ebullitions of geinus which delight
and surprise in his productions, and which the
rules of the drama would have much confined
and rejiressed. I know not whether there is not
something, even in the very absurdities of Shake-
speare, which tends, by contrast, to exalt tho
lustre of his beauties and to il'-vato his strokes of
the sublime. — Tyti-ek's Hist., Book G, ch. 36,
p. 490.
3310. LITER ATUBE, Honors of. Milton. [Sec
No. 3307. J The neglect of the merit of 3Iiltoi
during his own life is suflidently known. Hume,
in his History of Eiigland, nii-ntions an anecdote
which strongly marks the .small regard that was
had for this great poet, even by that party to
whose service ho had d ?voted his talents. White-
locke, in his IVIemorials, talks of one Milton,
II blind man, irho was employed in trandaling a
treaty irith Sireden into Latin ! — Tytlek's Hist. ,
Book 6, ch. 30, p. 494.
3311. LITEBATURE, Importance of. Fame.
The vigor with which Attila wielded the sword
of Mars convinced the world that it had been
reserved alone for his invincible arm. But the
extent of his empire affords the only remaining
evi(icnce of the numbc. and importance of his
victories; and the Scythian mouarch, however
ignorant of the value of .science and philosophy,
might perhaps lament that his illiterate subjects
were destitute of the art which could perpetuate
the memory of his exploits. — Gibbon's Rome,
ch. 34, p. 397.
3312. LITERATURE, Opporttinity of. Alex-
ander Pope. External conditions pointed to let-
ters as the sole path to eminence, but it was pre-
cisely the path for which ho had admirable quali-
fications. Tho sickly son of the Popish trades-
man was cut off from the Bar, the Senate, and tho
Church. Physically contemptible, politically
ostracised, and in a hinnblo social po.sitiou, ho
could yet win this dazzling j^rizo and force his
way with hi? peu to the highest pinnacle 3f con-
temporary fame AVithout adventitious favor,
and in spite of manj' bitter antipathies, he was
to become the acknowledged head of English lit-
erature and the welcome comjianion of all tho
most eminent men of his time. Though ho
could not foresee his career from the start, he
worked a? vigorously as if the goal had already
been in sight. — ilEVEii's WouDswoiiTU, ch. 1.
LITERATURE— LOAN.
391
3313. LITERATUBE, Fleasurei of. C/iarlcit
James Vox, [When Fo.x, the jififiit orator and iimn
of tlie world, witlidrew, disatrvclcd, from the
o-xcilcments of politics and from his place in Par-
liaiiU'Ut, 111' t'mi)loyt'(i his tinu; in] rcadinj; the
Iliad; wriHnu of Prior, and Ariosto, and Dry-
den, and La Fontaine ; tfoini,' throu,t,di Lucretius
regularly ; and taking up Chaucer upon his ne-
])he\v's suggestion. It is pleasant to .see how lit-
erature can rill up an aching void, however creat-
ed. — Knkhit'h Eno., vol. 7, ch. :20, p. 'iM.
33 II. LITERATURE and Poverty. Somuel
Jdhnmni. Dr. SanuielJohnson . . . came to Lon-
don, a literary adventurer, in 17:57. Ho was long
destined to hear the ])overty and to encounter
the supposed degradation that surrounded the
jiuthor who wrote; for sul)sistence — the successor
of the author who wrote for i)refernu'nt. [He
swallowed the scrai)s f rom the liookseller Cave's
table, hidden behind a screen to conceal liis rag-
ged clothes.] — Kmuut's Enu., vol. 7, ch. 5,
p. 85.
3315. LITERATURE, Preservation of. Mimk-
ery. However ai)surd to the eyi. of reason and
philo.sophy may appear the iirinciple which led to
monastic seclu.sion, the obligation.s which learn-
ing owes to those truly deserving character.s
wiio, in ages of l)arbarism, preserved alive, in
their secluded cloisters, the emi)ers of the literary
spirit, ought never to be forgotten. The ancient
classics were multiplied by traiisciipts, to which
undoubtedly we owe the]>reservation of such of
the Greek and Roman authors as we now possess
entire. Even the original labors of sonic ( i those
monkish writers are po.s.sessed of considerable
merit, and evince a zeal for the cultivation of let-
ters, which does them the highest liouor. — Tyt-
liEU's Hist., Book G, ch. 16, p. 245.
3316. LITERATURE, Profligate. Reiati of
Charles II. Tlie profligacy of the English plays,
satires, songs, and novels of that age is a deep
blot on our national fame. The evil may easily
be traced to its source. The wits and the Puri-
tans liud never been on friendly terms. There
was no sj-mpathy between the two classes. Tliey
looked on the whole sy.stein of luiniaii life from
different points and in different lights. The ear-
nest of each was the jest of the other ; the pleas-
tires of each were the torments of the other. To
tlic stern precision, even the innocent sjjortof the
fancy, seemed a crime. To light and festive na-
tures the solemnity of the zealous brethren fur-
nished copious matter of ridicule. — Macaulay's
Hist., ch. 3, p. 370.
3317. LITERATURE, Recompense of. Alex-
ander Fope. Between 1715 and 1735 Pope com-
pleted the Iliad and the Ody.ssey. Never was
literary labor in those times ni ire al)undantly rec-
ompen.sed. Pojie received nearly .£9000 from
liis subscribers and his publisher as liis clear gain
from these undertakings. — Knioiit's Exg.
331 §. LITERATURE, Restoration of. Arabs.
It is generally admitted that the Arabians were
the first restorers of literature in Europe, after
that extinction which it suffered from the irrup-
tion of the barbarous nations and the fall of the
"Western Empire. About the begimiing of the
eighth century this enteriirising people, in the
course of their Asiatic conquests, found many
manascripts of the ancient Greek authors, wliich
they carefully preserved ; and in that dawn of
mental improvement which now began toaiipear
at Bagdad, the gratification which the Arabians
received from the perusal of those manuscripts
was such that they reepiested their calijilis to pro-
cure from the Constaiitinopolitan emperors tho
works of the best Greek writers. These they
translated into Arabic ; but the authors wiio chief-
ly engaged their attention were; those who treat-
ed of mathematical, metaphysical, and physical
knowledge. The Arabians conlinuecl to extend
their coiKpiests and to communicate their knowl-
edge to son e of the P^urojH'an nations, which af
that time were involved in the greatest ignorance.
— Tytlku's Hist., Book 6, ch. 10, p. 344.
3319. LITERATURx'^ ridiculed. Crusaders.
[They pillaged Consuuitinople. ) To exjiose the
arms of a jieople of .scribes and scholars, they
affected to display a jien, an inl horr, u. 1 a hheet
of paper, without discerning that the instrument*
of .science and valor were alHr. feeble and useless
in the hands ot the modern Greeks. — GinuoN'a
RO.MK, ch. 60, p. «3.
33aO. LITERATURE, Vicious. Ileif/iiofCharh.*
IT. Of that generation, from Dryden down to
Durfey, the cominon characteristic was hard-
hearted, shameless, swaggering licentiousness, at
once inelegant and inhuman. The infiuence ot
these writers was doubtless noxious, yet less nox-
ious than it would have been l"id tliey been les^
depraved. The jioison which they administered
was so strong that it was, in long time, rejected
with nausea. None of them understood the dari'
gerous art of associating images of unlawful
pleasure with all that is endearing and ennobling.
None of them was aware that a certain decorum
is essential even to voluptuousness ; that drapery
may be more alluring than exposure ; and that the
imagination may be far more powerfully moved
by delicate liints which inijiel it to exert it.self
than by gross descriptions wliich it taker; in pas-
sively. — Macaulay's Eno., ch. 3, p. 373.
3321. LITIGATION, Period of. Fifte enth
Century. One of tlie most remarkable features
of society in this period [a.d. 145G-1485] is tho
incessant litigation. Every gentleman had soma
knowledge of l.iw, and liis knowledge never rust-
ed for want of practice. — Knight's Eng., vol. 8,
ch. 7, p. 109.
3333. LITTLE THINGS, Importance of. Span-
ish War. [Tlie Duke of Wellington wrote in his
despatches from Portugal to the government ;]
The people of England . . . will not readily be-
lieve that important results here frequently de-
pend on fifty or sixty mules, more or less, or a
few bundles of straw to feed them. — Kmgut':*
Eno., vol. 7, ch. ;'0, p. 538.
3333. LITURGY opposed. Scots. Charles [I.]
and Laud determined to force on the Scots thu
English Liturgy, or, rather, a liturgy which,
wherever it ditfereil from tliat of England,
differed, in the judgment of all rigid ^'rotestant.s,
for the worse. . . . The first performance of tho
foreign ceremonies produced a riot. The riot
rapidly became a revolution. Ambition, patriot-
ism, fanaticism, were mingled in one headlong
torrent. The ^^■hole nation was in arms. —
Macaulay-'s Eng., ch. 1, p. 88.
3334. LOAN, A hopeless, Samuel Johnson.
The heterogeneous composition of human ua-
393
LOBBYIST— LOST.
ture was rcumrkiiMy cxcinjilifli'il in Johnson.
His Hberiility in siviiiK hU money to persons in
distress was extniordniary. Yet tliere lurlted
about liini a i)r()pensity to paltry savinjr. One
day I owned to him tliat " I wius occasionally
troubled witii a fit of utirrowiwun." " Why, sir, '
said lie, " so am I. /hit I do not tdl it." lie lias
now and then borrowed a shilling of me ; and
when I asked him for it again .seemed to be ra-
ther out of humor. A droll little circumstance
once oc(!Urred : as if he meant to reprimand my
minute exactness as a creditor, he thus address-
ed me : " Boswell, lend me sixpence — iiot to be
rep(ikl."—lioHWKi.u'6,]oiiSHON, p. 4H9.
3323. LOBBYIST, A'succesBful. Mmrus Cras-
«?/."». As he despaired of rising to an etpiality with
]iim [Pompey] in war, he betook himself to tlio
administration ; and by paying his court, by de-
fending the impeached, by lending money, and
by assisting and canvassing for persons who
stood for otHc(^s, he gained an authority and in-
fluence equal to that which Pompey acquired by
liis military achievements. — Plotauch's Mak-
cus Chabscs.
3396. LONGEVITY, Caases of. John Locke.
Wlienever it was pos.sible he preferred the quiet
life and pure air of the country to the many at-
tractions which the capital must have offered to
u man with his wide acquaintance, and with so
many political and literary interests. In diet ho
practised an abstemiousness very rare among
men of that age. His ordinary drink was water,
and to this habit he attributed not only his length
of years, but also the extraordinary excellence
of his eyesight. Till recently a curious relic of
Locke's wat^-r-drinking liabits was preserved in
the shape of a large mortar of spongy stone,
which acted as a natural filter, and which ho
used to call his brew-hou.so. lie was assiduous
in taking exercise, and was specially fond of
walking and gardening. In the latter years of
his life lie used to ride out slowly every day after
dinner. [He had feeble health from his youth.]
— Fowleh's Locke, ch. 7.
3327. LONGEVITY by Prudence. Pe(<T Cooper.
Peter was the fifth of nine diildren, of whom
seven were boys. He seemed not to inherit a
strong con.stitution, and in his case, as in .so
many others, the fact that lie reached so advanced
an age could be attributed only to his living .so
natural a life ; that he subjected him.self to no
influences or exposures which cut off the great
mass of men in civilized countries from living
out their natural lives. He owed his longevity
chiefly to liimself. — Lesteu's Life of Peteh
COOI'EU, p. 10.
332§. LORD absent. The. Iloim of Cominom.
A few of the members who di.s.sented, . . . con-
tinuing to occupy the House of Commons, Crom-
well sent one of his officers to turn them out.
This officer, a Colonel White, entering the hou.sc,
demanded what they were doing "there ; tlie
chairman answered, " They are seeking the
Lord." "Then," said White, " you may goelse-
^\■he^e, for to my certain knowledge the Lord
has not been liere these many years ;" so saying
be turned them out of doors. Thus the supreme
tioM'or became vested in tlie council of ofiicers,
who nominated Cromwell Lord Protector of
the three kingdoms].— Tytler's Hist., Book 6,
ch. 30, p. 414.
3329. LOSS, Gain by partial, irnnnibnl. [Hav-
ing coiKiucred Spain,] he left Hanno, with 11,-
(MK) men, to retain possession of the newly-
con(|uered country ; and ho further diminishe'l
his army by .sending home as many more of his
Sjii'.nish soldiers, probably those who had most
distinguished themselves, as an earnest to the
rest, that they too, if they did their duty well,
might ex]>cct a similar release, and might look
forward to return erelong to their homes, full
of spoil and glory. — AUNoLu's Hakmual, j). 9.
3330. LOSS, Inevitable. Buttle of Sedgemoor.
rHebcUion of the Duke of Monmouth against
.lames II.] The . . . divisions of the royal army
were inniotion. The Life Guards and Blues cami?
pricking fast from Weston Zoyland, and scatter-
ed in an instant some of Grey's horse, who had
attempted to rally. The fugitives spread a panic
ainr)ng their comrades in the rear, who liad
charge of the ammunition. The wagoners drove
off at full speed, and never stopped till they
were many miles from the field of battle. l^Ion-
niouth had hitherto done his part like a stout and
able warrior. He had Ik'ou seen on foot, pike in
hand, encouraging his infantry liy voice and by
example. . . . But the struggle of the hardy rustic*
could not la.st. Their jiowder and ball wore
spent. Cries were heard of "Ammunition ! for
God's sake, ammunition !" But no ammunition
was at hand. — Macaulav's Eno., ch. 5, p. 564.
3331. LOSSES, Disparity in. Battle of Neiir
Orleaihs. Earthworks had been constructed,,
and a long lino of cotton bales and .sand-bag.s
thrown uj) for protection. On the morning of
the memorable Htliof .lanuary the British moved
forward. They went to a terrible fate. The
battle began with the light of early morning,
and was ended before nine o'clock. Pakeiiham
hurled column after column against the Ameri-
can p(^sition, and column after column was smit-
ten with irretrievable ruin, .lackson's men be-
hind their brea.stworks were almost entirely
.secure fnmi the enemy's fire, while every dis-
charge of the Tennes.see and Kentucky rifiestold
with awful effect on the exposed veterans of
England. Pakenham, trying to rail}- his men,
was killed ; General Gibbs, second in command,
was morfiilly wounded ; General Keene fell disa-
bled ; only General Lambert was left to call the
shattered fragments of the army from the field.
Never was there in a great battle such disparity
of losses. Of the British fully 700 were killed.
1400 wounded, and 500 taken prisoners. The-
American loss amounted to 8 killed and 13
wounded. — Kidpatii's U. S., ch. 51, p. 418.
3332. LOST, Seeking the. Sir John Franklin's
Cre^D. This prolonged .search for a handful of
men presents a curious contrast to the reckless-
ness with which hunitin life is frequently risked
«nd dostroj-ed. Wo kill 40,000 of one another
in a great battle without the slightest remorse ;
but if a poor little child goes astray in the woods,
the population of half a dozen towns engages
eagerly in the search for it, day and night, till
its fate is ascertained. Thousands of England's
people are permitted to perish every year for
want of food and care, and no one regards the
fact ; but let a few men be lost in the polar ice,
and the resources of the empire are lavished in
the endeavor to rescue them. Such a creature
is man ! — Cyclopedia of Bioo. , p. 400.
LOT— T.OVE
3'.t3
3333. LOT, Choice by. Tiirkmitnu. The vic-
torious 'I'urkmims iinincdiatcly iirocccdcd to the
clfction of a kiiiji' ; and if tlio prohahlc laic of a
I^alin liisloflan (IcscrvcM any credit, they detcr-
iniiied l)y lot tlu! clioice of their new master. A
)iiiiiil)er of arrows were successivi'ly iiiscrilx'd
witii the name of a tril)c, a family, and a candi-
ilate ; they were drawn from tlie hiindle l)y tli((
liand of a child. — CJiiihun's Komk, ch. Ttl,
1). r)()7.
3331. LOTTERY, Profitable. PcUr Oxyper. In
liis seventeenth year, .stirred with a higher am-
bition, the hoy came to New York to start in life
for liinLself. lie had aocnmulated .|1() of his
own money, and, thinking to augment it rapidlv,
lie invested his capital in a lottery ticket. lie
lost it, of course, as millions of older fools have
since. But he never regretted it, and he often
recalled the fact with good-humor and thankful-
ness, for he .said it was " the cheapest piece of
knowledge he ever bought." — Lestku's Life of
Peteii Cooper, p. 12.
3335. LOVE, The abode of. " Agnpemone." In
1246 the Rev. Henry Prince, a curate of Char-
linch, Eng., united with several members of his
church in founding an establishment near Spa.\-
ton, called by them the Agapemono. They
possess a long file of elegaat buildings, -where
they live professedly in the most refined pleas-
ure. The cusine is admirable. The " turn-out"
in the afternoon consists of ii graceful barouche
drawn by four thorough-bred grays, preceded by
outriders and bloodhounds, aiul accompaniell
by a mounted escort. Thus dashingly "the
family of love" was wont to take the air. . . .
Without care, in a beautiful spot, amid sound
of music, delicious cookery, and all tlio.se appli-
ances which to the sensualist makes even nature
more delightful, they lived in their ease in much
enjoyment, and mocked at the religious commu-
nities outside their extensive walls for their
seriousness and their cares. They ro le out on
fallant hor.ses, they followed the hounds with
ecu delight, played at all manner of manly
sports within their own grounds, and took espe-
cial joy in a game peculiar to England, called
" hockey," which they i>layed on Sundays to the
disedification of their neighbors around. Their
projierty is considerable and in common, and,
strange to relate, all their converts liave been
from among tiie wealth}'. The relations between
the sexes are not of a grossly .sensual nature, as
might be inferred from the title of the sect. . . .
They enter upon matrimonial unions while the
attraction lasts, or until a new one supersedes
it ; but one partner at a time is all that is allowed
to any one. They profess to be Trinitarians, and
hold to the Apostles' Creed. They now declare
that they do all things for the glory of God.
. . . They renounce prayers, but sing hymns
of praise. — Am. Cyclopedi.\, "Aoapemone."
3336. LOVE, Aocidental. Sir Walter Scott.
One Sunday, about two years before his call to
the bar, Scott offered his umbrella to a young
lady of much beauty who was coming out of the
Greyfriars Church during a shower ; the um-
brella was graciously accepted ; and it was not
an unprecedented con.sequencc that Scott fell in
love with the borrower, who turned out to be
Margaret, daughter of Sir John and Lady Jane
Stuart Belches, of Invernay. For near six years
after this Scott indulged the hope of marrying
tliis lady, and it does not seem doiililful that the
lady herself was in ])arl respo'isiide fur this im-
pression. — III tton's Like of Scott, ch. 3.
3337. LOVE, Active, (liirrne M'hitffrbl. Tho
device of Wiiitclicld's seal was a wini^cil heart,
(soaring ai)ove the globe, and the iiinito, .l,i?/vt
jutani UK.— So IT 1 1 KV.
333N. LOVE, Battle of. l.»ir)v. [Aidonous,
king of the Molossians,| named hiswilV Proscr-
]>inc, his daughter Core, and his ddir ('crhcrus;
with this dog he (■oinmaiided all his daughter's
suitors to light, iironiising her to him tluit
should overcome him.— Pi.LTAiuii's Theseus.
3330. LOVE, Changed by. Amithn- JMi/. Cato
the Censor used to say the .soul of a lover lived in
the body of another. — Pi.i:t.\iuii.
33-10. LOVE, Conjugal. Ndi^ilcon I. "While
the.se scenes were conspii'ing [in opening tho
Italian campaign] Napoleon did not forget tlu!
bride he had lef in Paris. Though for seven
days and night.s he had allowed himself no (piiet
meal, no regular rejiose, and had not taken olf
either his coat or his liooLs, he found time to
.send fre(juent and most all'ectioiiaie. though
very short, notes to Josephine. — Aiuiott's >ia-
roi.EON B., vol. 1, ch. 4.
334 1 . LOVE, Disappointment in. h'nnciuHko the
Pole. lie left liis native country from a disap-
pointment in love ; and devoiing himself to
freedom and humanity, in the autumn of ITTtt
he entered the American army as an otliccr of
engineers. [He wa3 a grand .soldier, and fill in
t!iewar.]— Banchoft's U. S., vol. !». ch. 19.
3342. LOVE, Infatuation of. M,irn Sti/nrt.
Du Chatelard [her page], surprised a second time
hidden behind the curtains of the (luciii's bed,
was sent to trial, and condemned to death liy tiio
judges of Edinburgh for a meditalcd treason.
With a single word Mary might havccoiiimuted
his punishment or granted him ])Mnlon, hut she
ungenerously abandoned him to the executioner.
Ascending the .scaffold erected before the win-
dows of Holy rood Palace, the theatre of his mad-
ness and the dwelling of the (pii'( ii, he faced
death like a hero and a poet. " If," said he, " I
die not xoithoiit rcproar/i, like the Chevalier liay.
ard, my ancestor, like him I die, at least, irWiout
fear." For his la.st prayer he recited Uoiisard's
beautiful Ode on Death. Then, casting his last
looks and thoughts toward the windows of tho
palace inhabited bv the charm of liis life and
the cause of his death, "Farewell I" he cried,
" thou who art so beautiful and so cnie] ; who
killest me, and whom I cannot cease to love !" —
Lamartine's Quekx of Sc<tTs, p. 10.
3343. LOVE, Juvenile. Xapidton I. When
Napoleon was but five or six years of age he
was placed in a school. . . . There a fair-haired
little maiden won his youthful heart. It was
Napoleon's first love. His imiietuous nature was
all engrossed by his new passion, and he inspired
as ardent an aftection in the bosopi of his loved
companion. . . . He walked to and from school,
holding the hand of Giacominetta. He aban-
doned all the plays and companionshiji of other
children to talk and muse with her. The older
boys and girls made them.selves merry with the
display of affection which the loving coujile ex-
hibited ; . . . [this] exerted not the slightest influ-
894
LOVE— LOVER.
ence to nba.sli Niipoleoa. — Aubott's Napoleon
B., vol, 1, eh. 1.
33'l'l. LOVE a Neoetsity. Cinni'iiiirrs. fXn-
pok'on'.s soldiers (Ini^riicd their disinembered
cannon over the Alps.] It was now the i;reat
glory of tliese men to take care of their ^iins.
They loved tenderly the merciless monsters.
They lavislieil caresses and terms of endearment
upon the j^litlerinir, l)olished, dealh-dealin.^ hra.ss.
The heart of man r- a siranife eni.irma. Even
•when most deirradec, it needs .Hometliinii to love.
These blood-stained soldiers, l)rntali/.ed liy vice,
amid all tlu^ horrors of battle, lovingly fondled
the murderons machines of war. . . . The unre-
lentinji ,i;un was the stern cannoneer's lady-love.
He ki.ssed it with unwashed, miistached lip.s.
. . . Atfectionately lu- named it Mary, Emma,
Lizzie. — Annorr's N.M'olkon JJ. , vol. 1, ch. lU.
33-15. LOVE, Passionate. Poet SficUi'i/. ShelU
I
fell suddenly and passionately in love with Go(
■win's dausrhter, IVIary. Peacock, [hi.s intimate
friend, says] as to the overwhelming nature of the
new attachment : " Nothing that I ever read in
tale or history could present a mt >rc striking imag(!
of a .sudden, violent, irresistible, uncontrollable
I)assion, than that under which I found him
aboring. . . . Between his old feeling toward
Harriet [his wife], //v«h irJiomheirdH not thcnni'p-
arnted, and his j)assion for Marj', he .showed in
his looks, in his gestiurs, in his speech, the state
of a mind '.suffering, like a little kingdom, the
nature of an insurrection.' His eyes were l)lood-
shot, his hair and dre.ss disordered. He caught
lip a bottle of laudanum, and .said, ' I never part
from thi.s.'" — Symonds' Siiklley, cli. 4.
3346. LOVE vs. Prudence. Af/mltnis. [Age-
silaus was very ardent in his friendships. ] There
were, indeed, times when his attachments gave
way to the exigencies of state. Once being ob-
liged to decamp in a hurry, he was leaving a
favorite sick behind liim. The favorite called
after him, and earnestly entreated bim to come
back ; upon which lie turned and said, " How
little consistent are love and prudence !" — Plu-
tarch's AUESILAUS.
3347. LOVE, Eeligion of. Kdjwleon I. [Na-
poleon said to Montholon at St. Helena :] " Al-
exander, Ca'sar, Charlemagne, and mvself have
founded empires ; but ujion what did we rest
the creations of our genius ? Upon force. Jesus
Christ alone founded His empire upon love ; and
at this moment millions of men would die for
Him. I die before my time, and '■ • ])ody will
be given back to worms. Such is tin fate of him
who has been called the great Napoleon. What
an aby.ss between my deep misery and the eter-
nal kingdom of Christ, which is proclaimed,
loved, and adored, and which is extended over
the whole earth ! Call you this dying ? Is it not
rather living ? The death of Christ is the death
of a God !" — Abbott's Napoleon B., vol. 1,
cL, 14.
334§. LOVE, Romantic. Oeoffiry Rndd was
a mad poet, who fell in love with the Countess of
Tripoli, Avlioni he liad never seen, and who,
being afterward blessed with a sight of her,
dropped down dead for joy. — Tytlek's Hist.,
Book 0, ch. 16, p. 248.
3349. . Smiviel JohnHon. A young
woman of Leek, in Staffordshire, while he
served his apprenticeship there, conceived a vio-
lent passion for him ; and though it met with no
favorable return, followed him to Lichfield, where
she look lodgings oiiposileto the hou.se in which
he lived, and indulged her hojieless Hame. When
he was informed that it so preyed upon her mind
that her life was in danger, lu; with a generous
humanity went to her and ofTcred t ) marry iier,
but it was then too late ; her vital jxnvcrwas ex-
hausted ; and she actuallv exhibited one of the
very rare instances of dying for love. She was
buried in the cathedral of Lichfield ; and lu>,
with a tender regard, i)laced a stone over her
grave. — Boswell's Johnson, p. T).
33A0. . Poet Shdh]/. Nearly the
whole of the winter was spent in Naples, where
Shelley suffered from depression of more tlian
ordinary dc])th. Mrs. Shelley attributed this
gloom to the state of his health ; but Jledwin
tells a strange .story, which, if it is not wholly a
romance, may b-tter account for the poet's mel-
ancholy. He says that so far back as the year
1816, (m the night before bis departure from
London, "a married lady, young, liand.somo,
and of noble connections," came to him, avowed
the passionate love she had conceived for him,
and projioscd that they shoidd fly together. He
explained to her that his hand aiul heart had
botli been given irrevocably to another, and,
after the expression of the most exalted senti-
ments on both sides, they parted. — Symonds'
Shelley, ch. .').
3351. LOVE, Shadow of. WdsJiiiir/to)} Trring.
He had passed through troubles which had deep-
ened his knowledge of life, having lo.st his fa-
ther, who died shortly before the completion of
" Salmagundi," and liis mother, who (lied about
ten years later, and whose death was still fresh
in his memory. Between these two sorrows
came the tram-dy which darkened his young
manhood, anclwas never forgotten — the death of
Matilda Hoffman, the young lady to whom he
was attached, who clo.sed her brief existence at
the age of eighteen, while he was composing the
amusing annals of Mr. Dicdrich Knickerbocker.
— Stoddard's Hiving, p. 35.
3353. LOVE, Supremacy of. Domestic. [Queen
Elizabeth required obedience. A domestic an-
ecdote illustrates this principle of her conduct.
Harrington says] the queen did once ask my
wife in merry sort, " how she kept my good-will
and love, which I did always maintain to be
iruly ^ood toward her and my children." My
Moll, in wise and discreet manner, told her High-
ness "she had confidence in her husband's un-
derstanding and courage, well founded on her
own .steadfastness, not to offend or thwart, but to
cherish and obey ; hereby did she persuade her
husliand of lier own affection, and iu so doing
did command his." " Go to, go to, mistress,"
saith the queen ; " you are wisely bent, I find ;
after such sort do I keep the gof)d-will of all my
husbands, my good people ; for if they did not
rest assured of some special love toward them,
they would not readily yield mc such good obe-
dience." — Knight's Eng., vol. 3, ch. 18, p. 284.
3353. LOVER, A fallen. Hernando Cortez.
Spanish girls were kept almost as secluded, and
guarded almost ivs carefully, as the ladies in
the harem of a Turk. Therefore, when a young
man fell in love, instead of ringing the door-bell
«;
LOVER— LUCK.
305
<
and scndiiiif in liiscnnl, he often niudcn rope lad-
<ler, 1111(1 survcycil ihv. ri'sidcnct! of tlic yoiinjj
lady, witli ii vii-w to iisccrtaiii tlic best mode of
^t'ttinir upon li(;r balcony or inio her window.
Our advL-ntiu'LT prorccdcd in this luaiuicr. In
s('aliii!;tlii' wall of the irardcii which enclosed tlie
house wlierein lived the object of his passion, lie
fell to tile jiround, and injured himself so seri-
ously that i( was loiiir before he recovered his
health. — C'ycloi'KDI.v oi' liioo., p. HIT.
3351. LOVER, Fickle. Jioho-t n>irns. For
several years love-making was his cliief amuse-
ment, or rather his most serious business. His
brother tells us that he was in the .secret of half
the love all'airs of the jiarish of Tarbollon, and
was never without at least one of his own. There
was not a comely girl in Tarbolton on whom
he did not ('ompose a song, and then he made
one which included them all. — Wii.vikp's Hlkn8,
ch. 1.
3355. LOVER, A youthful. Lord Byron.
Whenlirst heimagim (llnniself the victim of the
tender passion he was onl}' eight years of ago ;
jind he cherished so fond a recollection of liis
infant tlame, that when, at the age of sixteen, his
mother carelessly tohl him that Ids " old sweet-
heart, Mary Duff," was married, he was nearly
thrown into convulsions, which so alarmed his
mother that slieavoided mentioning the .subject to
him ever after. At twelve he thought himself
madly in love with a beautiful cousin. " I could
not sleep— I could not eat — I could not rest," he
afterward wrote. The last of hi.s boyish pa.s-
sious, which .seized him when he was fifteen, be-
fore it was possible for him to have been really in
love, was not so violent as his first ; but he always
spoke of it as something exceedingly serious.
The lady was much older than himself, and very
properly regarded and treated him as a school-
boy. — Cyclopeuia ok Biog., p. 291.
3356. LOVERS, RivaL ThomnH Jefferson.
Mrs. Martha iSkelton [had many lovers, and]
among all her lovers he was the favored swain.
The story goes that two of his rivals arrived at
the same moment at the widow's house, and
were .shown into a room together. It happened
that, at that moment, 3Ir. JefTerson and Mrs.
Skeltonwere singing and plaj'ing together, their
voices being accompanied b}' her harpsichord
and his violin. The song was a tender and
plaintive melody, and they performed it as two
lovers might be expected to execute a piece of
music which enabled them to express their feel-
ings to one another. The rivals listened for a
few moments, and then retired, to return no
more on the same errand. — C'yclopeuia ok
Bioo., p. 221.
3357. LOYALTY esteemed. Cromwell. "We
think this is the moment to .say a few words upon
that other ever ditlicult ]iroblem, What were
Cromwell's intentions with reference to himselT
and to Charles [L] ? "We cannot see that there is
foundation for any other thought than that Crom-
well especially intended to i)reserve English law ;
and to him, we dare .say, a king was not more
siicred than a man, and a lawless king not so
.sacred as an obedient and law-keeping man. —
Hood's Ckomwell, ch. 14, p. 179.
335S. LOYALTY, Unreserved. Wuhm Wind-
lifim. [After his defeat Charles L was] conveyed
to the residence of a widow named Windham,
who had lost her husband and three eldest sons
in the c luse of Charles I., and with un.shakcn
devotion now offered her two surviv'rg ones to
the successor of the decapitated moiii..ili. She
received Charles, not asa fugii've butas a king.
" When my husband lay mh hi>- death-licd," said
she, "he called to liim our live sons, an<l thus
addressed them : ' My cliildrcn, we have hither-
to enjoyed calm and i)eacet'ul days under our
iliree hist sovereigns ; Init I warn you that I see
clouds and tempests gathering over the kingdom.
I perceive factions springing up in every (piarter.
wliich menace the repose of our beloved country.
Listen to me well : whatever turn events niaj' take,
be ever true to your lawful sovereign ; obey him,
and remain loyal to the crown ! Ves,' adde<l he,
with vehemence, ' I <'liarge you to Htiiinl hi/ the
eroini, crcn thonfjh it nhnnhl hoii;/ u]>oii <i biixh!'
These last words engraved their duty on the
hearts of my children," continued the mother,
"and those who are still spared to me are yours,
as their dead brothers were given to j'our father."
— La.mautine's Cho.mweli,, p. 54.
3359. LOYALTY, Vigorous. Biamarrk. At w
beer .saloon mucii fre(iuented by Conservatives,
Bismarck, one evening, just as he liatl taken his
.seat, and was about to drink his tir.st glass of
beer, overheard a man, who sat at the next tj'ble,
speak of a member of the royal family i.. ;i par-
ticularly insulting manner. iJismarck ro.se, Htid,
lifting his glass of beer, thundered out, " Out
of the house ! If you are not off when I have
drunk this beer, I will break the glass on your
head !" Upon this there was a wild commotion in
the room, and loud outcries, but Bismarck drank
his glass of beer with the utmost composure.
When he had finished it lie smashed the class
upon the offender's head. The outcries ceased
for a mo'.ient, and Bi.snarck said, cpiietly,
" Waiter, what is to pay for this broken glass V"
The manner in which this outrage was commit-
ted — Bismarck's commanding look and bearing
— carried the day ; the beer-drinkers applauded
the act, and the man dared not resent it. — Cyclo-
pedia ok Bioo., p. 633.
33«0. LOYALTY, Zealous, rnritann. The
Puritans, even in the dei»dis of the prisons to
which she [Elizabeth] had sent them, prayed,
and with no simulated fervor, that .she might bo
kept from the dagger of the assa.ssin, that rebel-
lion might be put down under her feet, and that
her arms might be victorious liy sea and land.
One of the most stubborn of the .stubborn .sect,
immediately after one of his hands liad liecn
lopped off by the executioner for an offence into
wliich he had been hurried by his intemi)erate
zeal, waved his liat with the hand which was
still left him, and shouted, " God save the
Queen !" — Macaulay's Eng., ch. 1, p. 58.
3361 . LUCK, Days of. Ancient. The month
Tharrielion (Maj') ^vas also remarkably unfortu-
nate to the barbarians ; for in that month Alexan-
der defeated the King of Persia's generals near
the Granicus, and the Carthaginians were beaten
by Timoleon in Sicily on the twenty-fourth of
the same — a day still more remarkal)le (accord-
ing to Ephorus, Callisthenes, Demaster, and
Phylarchus) for the taking of Troy. On the
contrary, tlie month Melarjitnion ( August), which
the Ba'otians call raneinns, ^vas very unlucky
39(i
LIXLHY.
If
A
to tlic Ori't'ks ; f(ir on tlic scvcnlli flicy wcro
bcalfii by Antipiitcr in the battle of Crannoii and
utteilv ruined, and before tliat tliev were de-
fente(l l)y Pliilip at ('iueronea. And on tliat
same day, month, and year, tlie troops wliicli
under ArchidamuH made a deseent upon Italy,
were cut to pieces liy tiie barliarians. 'I'lie Car-
thaginians liave set a niari< ui)on tlie twenty-
second of tliat montii as a day tiiat lias always
brought upon them the greatest calamities. —
Pn taiich'h (Jam 1 1,1,1 s.
3362. LUXURY, Employment by. To th',
P(M»: Under the Uoman emjiire, the labor of an
inthistrious and ingenious ])eoi)le was variously
but incessantly enij)loved in the service of the
rich. In tliuir dress, their table, their houses, und
their furniture, tin; favorites of fortunt; united
every refinement of conveniency, of elegance,
and of splendor — whatever could soothe their
pride or gratify their .sensuality. Such refine-
ments, under the odious name of liixury, liavo
been severely arraigned by the moralists of every
age ; and it might iJiMiiajis be mon^ conducive to
the virtue, as well as happiness, of mankind, if
all possessed the necessaries and none the super-
fluities of life. IJut in the present imperfect
condition of society, luxury, though it may pro-
ceed from vice or folly, seems to bo the only
means that can correct the luietpial distrii)ution
of property. — Gihhon's Ko.mk, ch. 2, p. 67.
3363. LUXURY, Dangers of. Puritans. [In
1593] Thomas Nash, whom the Puritans counted
among the wicked, . . . [says:] " U'e must have
our tables furnished like poidterers' stalls, or
as though we were to victual Noah's Ark again.
. . . What a coil have we, this course and that
course, removing tliis dish higher, setting
another lower, and tnking away the third ! A
general might in le.ss space move his camp than
they standing dispose, of their gluttony. . . .
From gluttony of meats let me descend to super-
fluity in drink — a sin that, ever since we mi.\ed
ourselves with the low countries, is counted hon-
orable." — Knight's Eng., vol. 3, ch. 1(5, p. 249.
3364. LUXURY denied. O.rfard Friars. [St.]
Francis made a hard tight against the taste for
stmijituous buildings and for greater personal
comfort which characterized the time. " I didn't
enter into religion to build walls," protested an
English proviiu;ial when the brethren pressed for
a larger house ; and Albert of Pisa ordered a
stone cloister, which the burgesses of Southamp-
ton had built for them, to be razed to the ground.
" You need no little mountains to lift your heads
to heaven," wits his scornful reply to a claim for
pillows. None but the sick Avent shod. An Ox-
ford friar found a pair of shoes one morning,
and wore them at matins. At night he dreamecl
that robbers leapt on him in a dangerous pass be-
tween Gloucester and Oxford with shouts of
" Kill, kill !" "I am a friar," shrieked the terror-
stricken brother. "You lie," was the i istant
answer, " for you go .shod." The friar lifted up
his foot in disproof, but the shoe was there. In
an agony of repentance he woke and flung the
pair out of the window. — Hiax. of Eng. Peo-
ple, § 208.
3365. LUXURY, Evil of. Spartans. In . . . the
regulation of manners one single principle in-
fluenced the whole plan of Lycurgus. Luxury
is the bane of society. Let us see in what manner
the particular institutions of the Spartan legisla-
tor were calculat<'d to guard against that power-
fid source of corruption. The inequality of
pos.sessions was, in the first ])lacc, to be corrected,
wlii"li could not be done without a new ))artitioii
of territorial pro|H'rty. This was in all prolia-
bility th(! greatest oi' those dilllculties which
[,vciirgus had to encounter. — Tvtleu's Hist.,
Hook 1, ch. 9, p. 91.
3366. LUXURY, Excess in. M,'.r,i>:.hr. [Alex-
ander the (treat, after the coiuiuest of Persia,]
found that his great otlicers set no iiounds to their
luxury, that they were most I'Xtravagantly deli-
cate ill their diet and jirofuse in other respects,
insomuch that Agiion of Teos wore silver nail*
in his shoes ; Jjconatus had many camel loads of
earth brought from Egyj)t to rub himself with
when he went to the wrestling-ring ; Pliilotai*
had hunting-nets that would enclose tlies])aceof
a hundred furlongs ; more made use of rich es-
.seiices than oil after batliing, and had their
grooms of tlu! bath, as well as chamberlains who
excelled in bed-making. This degeneracy he re-
jirovcd with all the temper of a philosopher. —
PM'TAUCII.
336T. LUXURY misplaced. Tioimih.'*. [The
Romans under Pomi>ey were defeated at Phar-
salia by Ca'sar.] The camji itself was a singular
picture. Hou.ses of turf had lieen built for the
luxurious patricians, with ivy trained over the
entrances to shade their delicate faces from the
simimer sun ; couches had been laid out for
them to repo.se on after their exi)ected victory ;
tables were spread with ]ilate and wines and the
daintiest prei)arations of Roman cookery. Civsar
commented on the .scene with mournful irony.
"And these men," 'le said, "accused my pa-
tient, suffering army, which had not even com-
mon necessaries, of dissoluteness and profli-
gacy !" — FitounE's C^KSAK, ch. 22.
336§. LUXURY, Nauseous. Tobarro. [At Cu-
ba Columbus and his men] for the first time
witnessed the use of a weed which the ingenious
caprice of man has since converted into an uni-
ver.sal luxury, in defiance of the opposition of the
senses. They beheld .several of the natives going
about with firebrands in their hands, and certain
dried herbs which they rolled up in a leaf, and
lighting one end, put the other in their mouths,
and continued exhaling and putting out the
smoke. A roll of this kind they called a tobac-
co, a name since transferred to the plant of which
the rolls were made. The Spaniards, although
pre]iared to meet with wonders, were struck
Avitii astonishment at this singular and apparent-
ly nauseous indulgence, — Iuving's Columbus,
Book 4, ch. 4.
3369. LUXURY and Poverty. Roman. Every
age in its decline has exhibited the spectacle of
selfish luxury side by side with abject poverty ;
of—
" Wealth, a monster gorged
'3Iid starving populations ;"
but nowhere and at no period were these con-
trasts so startling as they were in imperial Rome.
There a whole population might be trembling
lest thev should be starved by the delay of an
Alexandrian corn-ship, while the upper cla.s.se3
were squandering a fortune at a single banquet,
drinking out of myrrhine and jewelled vases
worth hundreds of pounds, and feasting on the
LUXUHY-MAC'IIIXEHY,
397
briiiim of ponrncks nn<l the tf)nj?ui's of iiii;liliii-
jj^iiliw. As a ('oiiscqiiciu'e, (liscii.so wii.s rife, iiicn
wero 8lini't-liv(Ml. ... At tlii.s vciy time llic
<lrt'.s.s of IJomaii Indies (lispliiycd an imlicanl-or
splendor. 'I'lio elder Pliny tells us that he him-
self saw r.nllia Paulina dressed for u betrolhal i
feast in a rohe entirely covered •.vith pearls and
emeralds, which had cost 40, (MM), 0(10 sesterces,
ami which was known to he less costly than
some of her ()llier dresses, (flulloiiy, caprice,
cxtravapnice, ostentation, impurity, rioti'd in
the heart of a society which knew of no other
moans hy which to break the monotony of its
weariness, or alleviate the; anguish of its despair.
— FAiiitAii's Haiu.v Days, ch. 1, p. ;5.
33rO. LUXURY repudiated. I'rimitiir Chrix-
iidiix. 'I'hey were vainly aspirinij to imit.ate the
jHTfectionof anw'ls; . . . di'dained. or. . . atTccled
to disdain, every earthly and corpoical dcliiiht.
ISome of our senses, indeed, arc necessary for
our preservation, others for our suhsistence, and
oth(;rsauain for our ird'ormation ; and thus far it
was imi)os-ihle to reject the use of them. 'I'hc first
sensation of jilcasure was marked as the lirst mo-
ment of their abuse. The tinfcelint,^ candidate
for heaven was instructed, not only to resist the
grosser allurements of the tastcor smell, but even
to sluit his cars auainst the i>rofane harmony of
pounds, and to view with lndilTerenc(! the most
finished productions of human art. Gay njjpar-
el, niauiiiticcnt houses, and eh'jrant furniture
were supposed to uinte the double ,i,nult of jiride
nnd of sensuality ; a simple and mortitied ajipear-
imc(^ was mure suitable to the C^hristian who was
certain of Ids sins and doubtfid of his .salvation.
In their ccnsiu'es of luxury, the Fathers are ex-
Iromely nunutc; and circumstantial ; and amoni,^
the Viii'ious articles which excite tlieir i)ious in-
dignation, we maj' enumerate false liair, i,^ar-
ments of any color except white, instruments of
music, vases of j^old or silver, downy pillows
(as Jacob reposed his head on a stone), white
bread, foreinn Avines, public salutations, the usi^
of warm l)atlis, and the practice of .shavini^ the
Iteurd, widch, according to the expression of
TertuUian, is a lie iigainst our own faces, and an
impious attempt to imjirove the works of the
Creator. — CTrnnox's Rome, ch. 2H, p. 548.
3371. LUXURY, Senseless. liovum Feast. The
exi)ense ridiculously bestowed on tliese enter-
tainments, and the labor employed in collecting
the rarest and most costly articles of food, ex-
ceed all belief. In this, as indeed in every otlier
species of luxury, there was the most capricious
refinement of extravagance. Suetonius mentions
« supper given to Vitellius by his brother, in
which, among other articles, there were two
thousand of the c^hoicest tishes {Uctmimornm pis-
dum), seven thou.siind of the most delicate birds
— one dish, from its size and capacity, Wius
named the cpgis, or shield of Minerta. It was tilled
cliiefly with the livers of scari (a delicate species
of lish), the brains of pbe!is<mts and peacocks,
the tongues of parrots (imagined, probably, to
be tender from their much chattering), and the
bcilies of lampreys, brought from most distant
provinces. This may serve iis some specimen of
the luxury of the lioman suppers. — Tvtleu's
Hist., Book 4, ch. 4, p. 450.
3372. LUXURY, Unsatisfying. Baian. [The
.clnigan of the Avars, a barbarian jM'ople wli'>
invaded Southern Europe.] He wished, at (lie
expense of the emperor, to repose in a golden
bed. 'I'hc wealth of Constantinople and the skil-
ful dilU'cncc of her artists were instantly devot-
c(l to the gratilication of his j'a|)rice ; l)ut when
the work was (Inished he rejected with scorn a
l)resent so unworthy the majesty of a great king.
— GiiinoN'rt HoMi;,"ch. 40, ]>. 4415.
3373. LYING, Polite. SomtidJohnsan. [His
study) seemed to be very favoralile for retire-
ment and meditation, .lohnson told me that he
went up thilher without mentioning it to his ser-
vant w hen he wanted to stud}' secure from in-
terruption ; for he woidd not allow his serviuit
to say he was not at home when he really was
" A sei'vanfs strict regard to truth." .said he,
" must l»c weakened by such a practice. A plii-
los<ii)her may know that it is merely a form of
denial ; but few servants are such luce distin-
guishers. If I accustom a servant to tell a lie for
me, have I not reason to apprehend that he will
tell manv lies U)r hiinmlj'.'" — JJoswici.i.'s John-
son, p. i'^O.
3371. MACHINERY, Benefits of. Clorks.
Kighly \('iirs ago a good family clock cost from
*T5 to !<15(), and the cheapest clocks made weii^
!j;^5 each. These liist wci'c small clocks hung to
a nail in the wall, and wci'c Wdund up by pull-
ing a string. At that time the Slate of Connect-
icut already took the lead in the; business of
clock-making, and we find it mentioned, as iv
great wonder, that in 1N04 three hundred and
fifty clocks were made in Connecticut. Tlu; busi-
ness was done in a very simi)l(; and primitive
maimer. A man would get a few clocks linishcd,
then straj) four or live on a horse's back, and go
olf into an adjacent county to sell them, offering
them from door to door. At a later date .some
makers got on so far as to employ one or more
iigents to travel for them. At the present time
Connecticut makes six hundred thousand clocks
per annum, and .sells most of them at less than
$5 each. Before the war some makers sold their
cheapest clocks, wholesale, at 50 cents each,
their good clocks at $2, and their best at about
$4. The marvellous cheapness and excellence
of these time-keei>ers have spread them over the
whole earth. — Cyclopedia ok Biou., p. 209.
337.5. MACHINERY a Means. ><amvel John-
son. ]Mr. Fei'gusson, the .self-taught philosopher,
told him of a new-invented macliine which went
without horses ; a man who sat in it turned a
handle, which worked a siiring that drove it for-
ward. "Then, sir," said Johnson, " what is
gained is, the man has his clioice whether he will
move himself alone, or himself and the machine
too." — Boswell'8 Johnson, p. 1(37.
3376. MACHINERY, Triumph of. Clocks.
Never have I seen more original and startling
mechanical effects than are produced by Je-
rome's clock-making machinery. Think of one
man and one ))oy sawing veneers enough in one
day for three hundred clock-cases I Think of six
men making brass wheels enough in a day for
one thousand clocks ! Think bf a factory of
twenty-five pei-sons producing two thousand
clocks a week ! Think of a clock being made for
40 cents ! All this is chiefly due to the patience
iind genius of Chauncey Jerome. — Cyclopedia
OK Bioo.. 11. 214.
;»i»8
MADNESS— MA(}NIPMCKN('K.
»:I77. MADNESS effective. Jninen Otis. [The
Miissuclaisctts i)iitrii)( imliliMlicil a liook iii;ninst
llic Slniiip Act. I 'I'lic booknt' OliswuH rt'iiriiitcd
ill Kii,i,'liin(l. Lord Manstl.'ld, who had read it, ri'-
liwkcil lliosc wiio spoUc of it witii ((iiitcinpt.
Hut tlicy rejoined, "The man is mad !" " What
tlien '.'" answered .Mansfield. "One madman
often niake.H many. .Massaniello was mad — no-
liody doidiled it; yet for all tliat li' overturned
the p)Vernment of Naples." — U.xncuoft's U. S.,
vol. 5, eh. 10.
3JirN. MAGIC, Belief in, Cnhnnhux. [To the
Spaniards the South Anieiiean Indi.ins .seemed
Versed in sorcery.) Colundin.s himself entertain-
<■(! :ui idea of the kind, and assures the .sovereii;ns,
3n his letter from .l.amaica, tliat the people of
Cariari and its vicinity are i;reat enclianters, and
he intimates that the two Indian ^drls who had
visited his ship had ma^ic jiowder concealed
about their persons. He adds that the .sailors at-
trihuledall thedelay.s and hardships experienced
on that coast to their lieini,' under the inthience
of some evil spell, worked l)y the witchcraft of
the natives, and that they still remained in that
belief.— IiiviNCi'H Com'.miii'm, IJook 14, cli. W.
33r}>. MAGNANIMITY, Admirable. Trial of
Sir lli'urt/ I'liiir. Ih; had asked for counsel.
" Who," cried the .solicitor, " will dare to speak
for you, uidesH you can call down from th(! jj;ih-
liet the headsof your fellow traitors 't" " 1 stand
sinjrle,' said Vane ; "yet, heinif thus leftalonc, I
am not afraid, in this irreat presence, to hear my
witness to the tjlorious cause [of popular liher-
tvj, nor to seal it with my hlood." -B.vnikokt's
C. S., vol. 2, ch. 11.
33§0. MAGNANIMITY, Noble, (icneral ll'hcrt
E. Iac. [At the battle of Gettysburg an Knglish
ofHcer .says :] I saw General Wilcox como up to
Inm, and explain, almost crying, the state of hi.s
brigade. General Lee immediately shook hands
■with him, and .said, cheerfully, "Never mind,
general, nil this /kih/ji'cii >iii/f<iu'lt ; it is /that have
lost this tight, and you iiuist help me out of it
the best way you can." Li this way I .saw Gen-
eral Lee encourage and reainmate his .somewhat
dispirited troops, and magnanimously take ui)()n
Ins own shoulders the •whoh; weight of the re-
pulse. — PoLi,.\Ku's Second Yeak OF tjie Wau,
jx 'S'y~).
33§ I. MAGNANIMITY of Savages. Onoiuhifjas.
A.u. 1(587. [[..ouis XIV. re(iuired Innjuois Indians
for galley-slaves.] Uy open hostilities no captives
could he maile ; and Lamberville, the nussionary
among the Onondai^as, wa.s iincon.sciously em-
ployed to decoy the Iroquois chief.s into Fort On-
tario. [They -were put in iron.s and sent to
France.] . . . l.Zeantime t/ie old men of the Onon-
daga.s .summoned Lamberville to their presence.
" We have much reason," said an aged chief,
"to treat thee as an enemy, but we know thee
too well. Thou hast betrayed us, but trea.son was
not in thy heart. Fly, therefore, for when o\ir
young braves shall have sung their war song they
will listen to no voice but the swelling voice of
their anger." And trusty guides conducted the
mi.ssionary through by-paths to a place of sccu-
rity.- Banckoft's U. S., vol. 3, ch. 17.
33§2. MAGNIFICENCE vs. Happiness. Ahdnl-
rahrnans. [See No. 3383.] In the West the Om-
miades of Spain supported, with equal pomp, the
title of commander of the faithful. Three milc»
from Cordova, in honor of his favorite sultana,
the third and greatest of the Alxlalralunans con-
Htruct4'd the city, palace, and gardens ((f Zehra.
Tvventvihe years, and above three ndilions ster-
ling, were emplo^'ed by the founder; his liberal
taste invited the artist.* of Conslantinople, the
most skilfid sculi)tors and architects df the aire ;
anil the buildings were siistidned or adorned by
twelve Inuxlred columns of .Spanish ainl .\frican,
of (ir(v'k and Italian marble. The hall of audience
was inerusted with gohl and pearls, and a irreat
basin in the centre was surrounded with the curi-
ous and costly (igures cf birds and (|uiidrupe(l.s.
In a lofiy pavilion of the gardi'us one of these
basins anil fountains, so delightful in a sultry cli-
mate, was replenished, not with water, but with
the purest quicksilver. The seraglio of .\bdalndi-
man, his wives, concubines, and black eunuchs
amounted tosix thousand three hundred jjersons ;
and he was attended to the field by a guard of
twelve thousand horse, whose belts and <inieterH
were studded with gold. It may be . . . of some
use . . . totran.scribeaii authentic memorial which
was found in the closet of the deceased caliph.
" I have now reigned above fifty years in victory
or i)eace, beloved by my sid)jects, dreaded by
my enenues, and respected by my allies. Hiches
and honors, i)ower and pleasure, have waited on
my call, nor does any earthly blessing ap])ear to
have l)een wanting to my felicity. In this situa-
tion I havediligently numbered thedaysof j)ure
and genu'ne happiness which have fallen to my
lot: tliey .amount to fmirtccit. () man I place
not thy confidence in this present world !" —
Giiujon's Ho.mk, ch. .'i'J, p. ;2'J8.
33S3. MAGNIFICENCE, Oriental. At 11,tr/ihuJ.
The glories of the [caliph's] court were bright-
ened rather than impairi'd in the decline of the
emi)ire, imd ii Greek ambassador might admire
or ))ity the magiuticence of the feeble Moctader.
" The calii)h's whole army," says the historian
Abulfeda, " both horse and toot, was under
arms, which together made a body of 160,000
men. His state oflicers, the favorite slaves, .stood
near him in sj)lendid apparel, their belts glitter-
ing with gold and gems. Near them were 7000
eunuchs, 4000 of them white, the remainder
black. The porters or door-keejiers were in num-
ber 700. Barges and boats, with the most svi-
jicrb decorations, were seen swimming upon the
Tigris. Nor was the palace itself less splendid,
in which were hungup 38,000 pieces of tapestry,
12,r)()0 of which were of silk embroidered with
gold. The carpets on the floor were 22,000. A
hundred licms were brought out, with a keeper
to each lion. Among the other spectacles of
rare and stupendous luxury was a tree of gold
and silver spreading into eighteen large branches,
on which, and on the lesser boughs, sat a variety
of birds made of the .same precious metals, as
well as the leaves of the tree. While the machi-
nery affected spontaneous motions, the several
birds warbled their natural harmony. Through
this scene of magnificence the Greek amba.ssador
was led by the vizier to the foot of [Moctader's]
the caliph's throne." — Gibbon's Rome, ch. 52,
p. 298.
33§4. MAGNIFICENCE, Hoyal. Arcadim.
[Emporor of Rome.] The eloquent sermons of
St. Chrysostom celebrate, while they condemn;
MAIDEN-MAN.
;{'.)!)
the pompoiiH luxury of llio rcijrn of Amidlus.
" Tli(! ciiiiM'ror," siiys lie, " wears on his head
t'itlicr a (liadcin r)r a crown of ^old, (Iccoi'alcd
%vith i)n'cioiis stones of incstiniahlc value. These
ornauienis and his purple j;arnienls are reserved
for his sacred person alone ; and his rohes of silk
areenihroided with the ll;,niresof L,M>ldendrairoiis.
His throne is of massy j;'old. Whenever he ap-
jiears in puhlic he is surrounded liy his courtiers,
ids iruards, and his allendanls. Their siiears,
their shields, their cuirasses, the bridles aiui trap-
jiinirs of their horses, have either the substance
or the appearance of p)ld ; and the liirne splen-
did boss in the midst of their shield is encircled
Avith smaller bosses, which rei)resent the shajte of
the human eye. The two nniles that draw the
chariot of the monarch are jierfcctly white, and
shinirii:^ all ovci- with >;old. 'I'he chariot itself, of
])ureand solid ;;;ol(l, attracts the admiration of the
sjiectators, who contemplate the i)uri>le curtains,
the snowy cariM't, the size of tlu' precious stones,
and the resplendent plates of j^old, thatjrlitter as
they are a!,dtated by the; motion of the carriage.
The Imperial i)ictures are white, on a blu(!
j.n'ound ; the eniix'ror ajjpears seated on his
throne, with his arms, his horses, and his iruards
beside him, and his van(piished enemies in chains
at his feel." — (timioN'H liovii;, ch. '.\'i, p. W2.i.
331^5. MAIDEN, A military. liom,iii. |I)au<rh-
ter of the Prefect (ireirory -African iivasion of
the Arabs. J The daughter of (Jrcijory, a maid
of incom])arable beauty and spirit, is said to have;
fought by his sidi; ; from her earliest youth she
was trained to mount on horseback, to draw tlu;
bow, and to wield the cimeter ; and the richness
of herarms and apparel were conspicuous in the
foremost ranks of the battle. Her hand, with a
Iiundred thousand piecesof gold, was olVered for
theiiead of [Abdallah] the Arabian geiieial, and
the youths of Africa were excited by the prosj>ect
of the glorious prize. At the pressing .solicitation
of liis brethren Abdallah withdrew liis jx-rson
from the field ; but the Saracen.s were discouraged
by the retreat of their leader, and tin; repetition
of these e((ual or unsuccessful contlicts. — Giu-
bon's Uo.mk, ch. 51, p. 2:}7.
33§6. HAILS detained. licif/n of Janus IT.
[James was trying to coerce Parliament to grant
political relief to th(! Roman Catholics.] While
the contest lasted, the anxiety in London was in-
ten.se. Every report, every line from Edinburgh,
wa.s eagerly devoured. One day the story ran that
Hamilton had given way, and that the govern-
ment would carry every point. Then came in-
telligence that the Opposition had rallied, and
was more ob.stinatc than ever. At the most criti-
cal moment orders were sent to the post-otHce that
the bags from Scotland should be tran.smitted to
Whitehall. During a whole week not a single
private letter from Ijcyond the Tweed was deliver-
ed in London. — Mac.m'l.w'sEno., ch. 6, p. 114.
33§7. MAJOEITY.Euleof. Condemned. Their
idea \\\m people of the north] of government may
be briefly stated as the sovereignty of n u7id)er.H. . . .
According to the interpretation oi the Yankees,
the body politic o\ight simply to have a political
organization to bring out and enforce the will of
the majority. . . . The Northern idea was mate-
rialistic : it degraded political authority, because
it despoiled it of its moral offices, and represent-
ed it as an accident determined by a comparison
of nunilMTs. It destroyed the virtue of ndnori-
lies ; compelled them to servile aci|uicscence ; . . .
it laid the foundations of a despotism more terri-
ble than that of any single tyrant ; destroyed
moral courage in the |)eople ; b'rokcdown all thu
barriers of conservatism, and Hid)stiiutcd the
])hrasc, " tfic nuijoritji tniis( i/nn rn " for the con-
science and Justice of sociciy. — i'or. laud's Skc-
().M> Vi;.\ii ohTiii'; W.Mt, ( li. lit, p. 'Jlt'J.
33MM. MAJORITY, An unconquerable, I'Jiif/-
liiiid. [.lames II. Houglii the overthrow of the Ivs-
tablishcd Church and the promotion of the Ho-
man Calholic faith. | 'I'hc proportion which they
liore to the population of LngJMnd was \( ly nuicit
smaller than at present. . . . Forty nine tlftielh.s
of the inhabilanis of the kingdom, forty nin(> llf
ticths of the property of \\\v kingdom, almost all
the |)olitical, legal, and mililary ability and
knowledge to be t'oiMid in the kingdom, were
Protestant. N<'verlhclcss, the king, under a.
strong infatuation, had dclcrmiiicd to use his
vast patronage as a means of niaking proselytes.
To be of his Church was, in his view, the tirst of
all (pialiticalions lor otllcc. To be of the national
Church was a positive (lis(|ualili(ation. — M.\tAU-
l.Av's Kno.. ch. M, p. -Jl!).
33M}». MALIGNITY, Parental. To Fndn-ir/c
the (irml]. He askcil pu/.zling ipu'stions, and
)rought forward arguments which sciincd to
savor of something diirereiit from pure Luther-
anism. TIk' king suspected that his son was in-
clined to be a hei'ctic of some sort or other,
whether Calvinistor atheist, his .Majesty did not
very well know. The ordinary malignity of
Frederick William was bad eiuaigh. He now
thought malignity a i)art of his duty as a Chris-
tian man, and all the conscienc(! that he had
stimulated his hatred. The tlute was broken, tin*
French books were sent out of the palace, the
jirince was kicked and cudgelled and jiuUed by
the hair. At dinner the plates wi're hurled at his
head ; sometimes he was restricted to bread and
water, sometinu's In- was forced to swallow food
.so nauseous that Ik; could not kceji it on his
stonnich. Once his father knocked him ilown,
dragged him along the floor to a window, anil
was with ditflculty prevented from strangling
him with the cord" of the ciu'tain. The (pieen,
for the crime of not wishing to see her son mur-
dered, was subje(!ted to the grossest indi.f.nities.
The Princess Wilhelmina, who took her broth-
er'spart, was treated almost as ill as Mrs. Brown-
rigg's apprentices. Driven t()des])air, the unhap-
l)y youth tried to run away ; tlien the fury of
the old tyrant rose to madness. The ju'liuc wa.s
an officer in the army ; his flight was therefore
desertion, and, in the moral code of Frederick
William, desertion was the highest of all crimes.
[Execution would have followed but for the in-
tervention of others.] — Macaulay'sFkedekick
THE Great, p. 13.
3390. MAN civilized. Chamjes in America.
[See No. 3398.] Man is still in harmony with na-
ture, which ho has subdued, develojied, and
adorned. For him the rivers tliat flow to remot-
est climes mingle their waters ; for him the
lakes gain new outlets to the ocean ; for him the
arch spans the flood, and science spreads iron
pathways to the recent wilderness ; for him the
hills yield up the shining marble and the endur-
ing granite ; for him immense rafts bring down
400
MAN-MANFIOon.
I i
I tl
(he fdrcstM of ilic liiicriiir ; for him llii' nmrls of
till! city (.'iiilicr (lie |)ro(iii('c of itii ('iiin('<<, iiiui
lihriirlcM (dllc<l tlu) worlds of every iimitiiajfeiiiKl
of I'very Hire. Tiie ims.sloiiM of Hoeietv are rliMM-
teiied into purity ; iiiaiiiierH are niaile lieiievo
lent hy reilriemciit, mihI the virtue of the coimiry
is the nUMrdiiiM of ilH peace. ^ilAN(U(iKT'rt U.S.,
vol. ',', <li. i:..
:i:|f>l. MANdeflnod. /'A/A<. Plato liail delliied
.tiaii lo lie a two IcLTMed aidnial. witlnait featli-
vVH. DJonciK s |iliicked llie fealliers from a cock,
and said. IJeliuld I'lato'sman! — 'I'vti.ku'h Himt.,
Hook ■:. ell. t», p. 27(».
;i;U»«J. MAN degoneratod. I'lis/n/fn/. \T\
inoiir llie Tarlar \ i.siled llie rnins of liaalliec. | of
uhicli lie ascrilieil the conslriictioii lo demon.s
aiai u'eiiii. not. iieine able to conceive Ihem liii
man. |ilii'-<el appeared to Idm lo Iran.sceiid lliose
of i'crsepolis. lie felt .some eiivy towald llie
unknown -nv ereij^ns of these mystcrioii.sedili( cs.
"Have mankind, then," said lie, " de;reneialed,
oris it Ihal the stones liavi' veu:elaleil after licin;r
e.Mraeled from the <piarries V" — L.v.M.vktink'h
Ti iciiKv, p. ;)•.".'.
:M1»:I. MAN, An honest, h'^/imn/nl. (Cardi-
nal .Ma/.ariii esijmaled Louis Xl\'. wvy hinhly. |
" 'I'iiire is eiaaiLrh in him," .said he, " lo make
lour kiiiLis and one honest nniii." His |)ower.s
of application were reinarkalile. I)urin!; the
whole (if his rei^rii he labored rcirularly in Ids
caliiiiet lor eii:hl hours every da}-. — SriDKNTu'
Flt.VM K, eh. 21, i; 1,
Ji;»f>l. MAN, Mission of. /</"/>*. The Stoics
Relieved the universe lo he Ihe work of a . . .
JJeinir wliijs(^ providenci^ conlinuall.v rei;ul:ites
the whole, ... so as to produce the Lrrealesi,
])ossil)le siiin of ireneral f^ood ; so they reiiarded
man as a prineipid instrument in tlie hand of (lod
to accomplish thalirreat ])urpo.se. T\n\ Creator,
therefore, . . . had .so framed the moral consti-
tution of man, thai he Muds hisown chief ha])i)i-
nes.s in promotint; thu welfare and happincKs of
Ins fellow-creatures. In tlu; free! con-sent of
iiniii to fidtil this end of his heiiiK, l»y accoiiiino-
datiiitr his mind to the divine will, and llui.s eii-
deavorini; to discliarue his pari in society with
cheerful zeal, with perfect inleirrity, with inuidy
resolutifin, and with an entire resiirnation to the
decrees of Providence, lies Ihe sum and essence
of his duty. — Tyti.ku'k Hist., Hook 2, ch. 9,
p. 27fl.
Jl3f)5. MAN, A monster, llomquirtc. [Mr.
JeH'ersoii] has i;iveii his testimony airainsl the
ciiaracter of Na|>oleoii : . ,. " If fie could seri-
ously , and repeatedly atHrm tliat lie had rai.sed
liimself to power without ever liavinir commit-
ted a crime, it proves that he wanted totally the
seu.se of riirlit and wroiiir. If he could consider
the million of human lives that he had destroyed,
or caused to lie destroyed ; tlie desolations of
countries, by i)liuiderini,'s, burnings, and famine;
tlic detlironemeut of lawful rulers of the world,
■witliouttlie consent of their conHtituenta, to place
his brothers and sisters on their thnmes ; the cut-
ting up of established .societies of men, and jum-
bling them di.scordantly together at his caprice ;
tiie demolition of the fairest hopes of mankind
for the recovery of their rights and the ameliora-
tion of their condition ; and all the numlierless
train of his other enormities — tlie man, I say,
who could consider all Ihese as no crimes, inunt
liave been amoral monster, against whom every
liatid should iiave been lifted to xlay him,"—
t^I (>Ti;i) KII(*M 'I'l ( KKIIK " LlKK OK JkKKKII-
hoN," I.N K.MoiiTH Kno., vol, M, di. 10, p. 170.
n:iftO. MAN or a Mouse, A. linhnt .\f»rnM, of
VUiliiiUljiUiii. I The lliiaiK iai helperof Washing-
ton during the Uevolution afterward engaged in
immense speculations, and was ruined.) Wash-
inglon . , , remonstrated, observing ; " Vou am
old ; you had better retire, rather llian engau'e in
suche.Melislve concerns." Morris icplied, " \'our
advice is proof of that wisdom and prudeiicu
which govern all your words and actions ; but,
my dear general, t can never do things In Iho
small ; I miisl be lithif <i iinni or ii iitoiini,"—
CrsTis' Wahiii.noton, vol. l.ch. lit.
!i:il>r. MAN, Origin of. \V,>i( ImlnniH. [.Seo
No. :J7l)t). I They b(lie\('d that mankind issued
from a . . . cavern, Ihe large men from a great
aperture, the small men from a little cranny.
They wcic for a lon.Lf limedesliluleof wnmen, but
wiuidering on one occasion near a small lake,
they saw certain .".iiimals among Ihe branches of
the trees, whi<li judved lo be wdineii. On at-
tempting to catch Ihem, however, they were
found to be as slippery as eels, so Ihal it was im-
[lossilile to bold llieiii. At length they cmiiloy-
ed cerliiin men, wliose hands were remlered
roiigii by a kind of leprosy. These succeeded
ill sciuring four of these slippery fem.ales, from
wlioin Ihe world was peoiiled. — luviNd'H C'o-
i.r.Mitis, Hook ((, ch. 10.
il30M. MAN uncivilized. Anifn'raii TmlinnK.
Man, the occupant of the soil, was as untamed
as the savage scenes, in harmony with tlie rudo
nature by which he was surrounded — a vagrant
ovcrtlie continent, in constant warfare with hi.s
fellow-men — the bark of the liirch his canoes;
strings of shells his ornaments, liis record, and
his coin ; I lu; roots of uncultivated idants among
his resources for food ; his knowledge in archi-
tecture surpassed both in strength and durability
by tlu' skill of llit^ beaver ; bended saplings tho
lieams of his house; the liranches and rind of
trees its root ; drifts of leaves his couch ; matsof
ladrushes his i)rotection against winter's cold;
his religion the adoration of nature ; his morals
the promptings of undisciplined intellect ; dis-
imting with liie wolves and bears the lordship of
the soil, and dividing with Ihe .stjuirrel the wild
fruits with which the universal woodlands
abounded. — Bancuoft's U. S., vol.2, ch. 15.
3399. MAN(EUVRE8 ignored. Direct ihhh. [Ono
of Admi
' ' Never
— Knioht'h En(i
al Nelson's freiiueiit injunctions was;]
Never mind nuuneuvres ; always goat them.
vol. 7, ch. 20, p. mi.
3400. MANHOOD, Complete. ,hdim Cmnr.
In jK-r.son Ciesar was fall and slight. His feat
ures were more refined than was usual in Ho
man faces ; the forehead was wide and high, tho
nose largo and thin, the lips full, the eyes dark
gray like an eagle's, the neck extremely thick
and sinewy. His complexion was pale. His
Iward and mustache were kept carefully shaved.
His hair was short and naturally scanty, falling
off toward the end of his life and leaving him
partially bald. His voice, especially when he
spoke in pid)lic, was high and shrill. His health
was uniforndy strong until his last year, when ho
MANHOOD
401
fill
Ih'cuiih) Hiil(j«'<'t U) ciillciillc
•nipwfiiiiMly unit
He wan II irrriit
lititlicr, luid NcnipwfiiiiNly unit In all \\U IimIiIim,
aliHii'iiiioiiH III IiIh food, ami (iirclrMM In wlial It
<()||h|hI((I, rarely or iiivir Imik lilii>; wine, anil
niitiii^ Hiibrlrty as tlii' lii;;li('sl nf i|Ualltii'H when
ilrscriiiini; any new |irii|)|i'. fir wan an allili'tc
In early life iiilniiralilc in all manly fNcri'lMcs,
ami cspci'lally In rldin^r. In (iaiil, an lian Ix'cn
saiil alrcaily, lir roilc a rcinarkiilijc lidrnc, wlihli
m: had l)rrd liinisclf, and wlii( li wniild let no
one lint Cii'sar nionnt Idni. From IiIh boyhood
it was oliHcrvcd of lilm that he wan the trncNlof
I'ricnds, thai he avoided (piarrclH, and was most
easily ajipeased when olTended. In iminner he
was ipiiel and gentleman-like, with the natural
courtesy of hi^,di lireedini,'. On an occasion when
hi! was dining Honiewheri; the other ^nn:slH found
the oil too rancid for them. Casar took it with
out remark, to spiiro IiIh entertainer's feelin^fs.
When on a journey thri)ii;,'h a forcNl with liis
friend Opplus, luuanie om- ni^dit, loaliut where
theru was II HiiiKle lied. Oiipins lieln^ unwell,
( 'ii'siir /<av); it u|) to him, and >tlept iiii the ground.
— Finn DK'K C-KHAll, ch. '2M.
:M0I. manhood deteriorated. Aurii'iit
(inriY. \.\.i). !<«»(. I Corinth, Ar^'os, Hpiirlii,
yielded without reMlMtance to the iirniH of the
<Tiith.M ; and the nioMt forluniite of the Inlialil-
tanlH were saved, by death, from U'lioldinif the
.shivery of their families mid the contlaKnilion of
their cities. The vases and statues wer<' distrib-
uted anion); the biirliarians, with more repird to
the valuer of the materials than to the elej;aiic(!
of the workmanship ; the female <!Hiitives sub-
mitted to tlu! laws of war ; tliu enjovnient of
beauty was the ri'ward of valor ; and tiie (Iri'eks
could not reasonably c(im|ilain of an abu.s(! which
was jiislided by the e.Mimpleof the heroic times.
The descendants of that extraordinary people,
Avho had considered valor and discipline as the
■walls of Sparta, no longer remembered the gen-
erous rejily of their ancestors to an invader more
I'ormidalilo than Alaric "If thou art ii god,
thou wilt not liurt Ihosi! wlio have never injured
thee; if tilou art a man, advance, aii<! tliou wilt
tind men equal to thyself." — UimioNS Ito.MK,
ch. 30, p. 11)4.
*I0«. MANHOOD evinced, (hrffi,'. In Onethe
we discover by far the most striking instance, in
our time, of a writer who is, in strict s])eecli,
what jihilosophy can call a man. Ho is neither
noble nor iilebeian, neither liberal nor servile,
nor intidel nor devotee ; but the best excellence
of (til these, joineil in pure union — " a clear and
universal nin/i." Goethe's poetry is no s' paratt;
faculty, no mental handicraft, but the voice of
the whoUi harmonious miiidiood — nay, it is the
very harmony, the living and life-giving har-
mony of that rich manhood which forms his
l)oetry. All good men may be called i)oets in
act or in word ; all good i)oets are so in both. —
C'aui.yle's Goethk, ch. 1.
3403. MANHOOD exhibited. Dr. lioirlmul Tay-
lor. Taylor, who as a man of mark had been one of
the first victims chosen for execution, was arrest-
ed in London, and condemned to sulTer in his own
parish. Ills wife, " suspecting that her hu.sbnnd
should that night be carried away," had waited
through the (liirkness with her cliildren in the
]iorch of St. Botolph's beside Aldgate. " Now
when the sheriff his company came against
St. Uotolpli's Church, Kll/abeih cil.d, saying,
' oh, my poor father ! Mother' iiioihir ' here Is
my fiithcr led away ! ' Then cried his w lie, ■ Row-
land, Uowland, where art ihoir.'" for it was a
very dark morning, that the one could not set' the
other. Dr. Taylor aiiHwered, '1 am lure, dinr
wife,' and stayed. The HherilT's men wouid Imve
led him forth', but the sherilTsaid. ' Slay a little,
niasiei's, I |iray you, and let him hpiak to his
wife.' " Then came she to him, iind he louk his
daughter .Mary in his arms, and he nml his wife
and I'.li/.alieth knelt down and said the l.nrd'H
praver. At which sight the sherilT wepi apace,
aiiif so did divers others of the coin pun \ . After
they had prayed he rose up and kisMil his wife
and shook her by the hand, and said, " Fuiewell,
my dear wife, I f good comfort, lor I iiiii (|uiel
in my conscience ! (<od shall still be ii father to
my children. " . . . Then said his wife, •• (iod
be with thee, dear How land ! I will, with (iod's
grace, iiH'cl thee at lladleigh." All the way Dr.
Taylor was merry and cheerful as one that ac-
connleil himself going to a most |)leas:uit ban-
ipiet or bridal. . . . Coming within two miles of
Hadleigh. he desired to light olf his horse, which
done he lea|ied and set a frisk or twain as men
commonly do for dancing. " Why, master doc-
tor," (|uote the sherilT, "how do you now'/"
He answered, " Well, (Jod be luaised, master
sherilT, never better; for now I know 1 am
almost at home. I lack not past two siiles togo
over, and 1 am even at my Fathers house ! " —
If'ST. (IK Eno. I'K.uI'I.K, S; tVlli.
3104. MANHOOD, Forecait of. ><n,u Il.nis-
*t>n. And yet, this running wild ainoim' the Ind-
ians, sleeiiing on IIk! ground, chasing wild
game, living in the forests, and reading Homer's
Iliad withal, seemed a ])retty strange business,
and people used to .say that Sam Houslon would
either be a grea' Indian chief or die in a niad-
hou.se, or be governor of the Slate — for it was
very certain that some strange thing would over-
take him ! — liKHTKll'H HolSTON, p. IS.
3405. MANHOOD, Honeet. Cnnmnll, Wo
may have loo little ceremony as \vell as loo
much. It does not matter much, but we do
rather like our .servant to tap at our study door
before coming in, although we do not carealiout
her handing our letters on a silver salver. AVlieii
andiassad()rscro\vded Cromwell's <'ourt from all
the States of Europe, someof them, in deference
to the usualities of royalty, desired to kiss his
hand ; but, with manlv dignity, he retired back,
two or three stejis higher, to his throne, bowed
to the depiUation, and so closed the audience.
A man, we see, who will not bate an inch of his
nation's digniiy, nor wear more than his man-
hood for his own. As he would not adopt tho
designation, so he wotild not permit himself to
])lay at being i\ king. — lloou's C'hu.mwell,
ch. 15, p. 109.
3406. MANHOOD, Model. Georpf Waxhington.
His faculties were so well balanced and com-
bined that his constitution, free from excess,
was tempered evenly with all the elements of ac-
tivity, and his mind resembled a well-organized
commonwealth ; his passions, which had the in-
tensest vigor, owned allegiance to reason ; and
with all the fiery (luickne.ss of his spirit, his im-
petuous and nuissivc will was held in check by
consummate judgment. He had in his compc-
40'i
MANIIDOD-MANKIND.
fiilinll It Cllllll Ulll( ll ^'ItVl' llilll ill llllillll'llls (if
lil),'lit"<t cxcltciiiriil llic pinvcr i)f Hcif (oiiiriil, hikI
t'lialilt'd liini III (xri'l ill palii'iii'i'. iviii wlini lir
iitiil iiupsl tiiUHi for (iiM),'iist, — IIan( luiKTH I'. S.,
vol. 7, ell. !{T.
:ilor. MANHOOD, Phyilotl. W.i^hiiu/lon.
Ocllcr.ll \Nu".llilVi;ln|| slinKi >.i.\ tVit llllir ill
IiIm sii|ijM'rs, anil in tlic priiiic of his life was
ratlirr sli'iKicr tliaii ollirrwisc, Imt as slrai>{lit us
nil arniw. Mis form was well proiiortioiicil iihil
«'vciily licvclopnl, so Hull III' cairiid Ills lalliicss
irraccfiillv, anil IooImmI stril^iiiKly wrll on liorsc
liaik. 'I'iicri' liiis nrvir licrii a iiiorr aclivc, sin
«'\vy tlifiirc llian liis wlini lir was a yoiini; mail ;
it was only in latiT lifr llial liis inoNt'incnts
licniiiH' slow and (li;,'iiilU'(l. — ('Ycl.orKDlA oK
lildii., p. 1).
:MUM. manhood recognlied. AnnVnt Gir-
imins. Civil jioviTiimi'iil^, in llirir (list insinu
tion, lU't' vohinlary assoriations for miitiiui ilr-
fi'nrc. 'i'o olilain llii' ilrsirrd end, it isahsohilr
ly lU'ct'ssary that racli individnal slioiiiil conci'ivi'
himself olili^r(.,| III sul>init his |irivat(' opinions
and iii'lioiis lo llii' jiiduincnl of Ihi' Ltrratcr mini-
hrr of his associali's. 'I'lie (iirman Irilirs wrro
conlrnti'il Willi Iliis nidi' liul lilicnil onilini' of
])olitiral socii'ly. As soon as a youth, Imrn of
free piuriils, had allainril llic aur of manhood,
111' was inlrodiii't'd inlo Ihc ;rrn<'ral I'oiiniii of
his coiinlrymi'ii, soli'innly invi'slcd wiihashlrld
and spiiir, and adopli'd as an cinial and worthy
incmlirr of tlic inililarv ('ommonwvalth. — Giii-
honV |{i).mk, ( h. 1), p. i(i4.
3'I00. . Ani'iiiit (lii'inmiH. Tin'
povi'rnmciit of thi' Oi'rmanic nalions, where a
vast luimlier of i' 'tached tribes were each under
the coinmami '>f an independent chief, and tin;
condition of individuals, whose almost constant
occupalion was war, were a necessary cauHc of
that exclusi"'(! ref^ard which was i>aid lo the pro-
fession of arms, iit coniparison with which every
other employment was esteemed meiui iiiid un-
.imiiortant. It was customary in many nations
that the first introduction of youth to "the occu-
pations of manhood was attended with jjeculiiir
ce'emonies and distinguished solemnity; and
th IS, among the German nations, it was ex-
tremely natural that the youth should Ik; intro-
duced with particular ceremonies to that military
nrofession in which he was to he engaged for
life. The chief of the trllie, under wlio.'e ban-
ner all his va.s.sals were to tight, bestowed, him-
flelf, the sword and armor upon the \ 'nig sol-
dier, as ti murk that, being conferred !; - him,
they were to be used at his eomm. ti'i, and for
his rurvice alone. — Tytleu's Hist., iiook 0,
ch. 10, 1). KST.
34 1 0. M> NHOOD tested, Wlllinm of Ornnge.
If his battles were not those of a great tactician,
they entitled liim to be called a great man. No
di.saster covild for one moment depriN— him of
his firmness or of the entire po.s.session of all his
faculties. . . . lie was proved by every test ; by
war, by wounds, l)y painf\d and de|iressing mnl-
ndies, by raging seas, by the imminent and con-
stant risk of as.sassinatio'n, a risk which has shak-
en very strong nerves, a risk which severely
tried even the adamantine fortitude of Crom-
well ; yet none could ever discover what that
thing was which tlie Prince of Orange feared.
His advisers could with dUHculty induce him to
tiike any preeinitlon agiiiiist Ihe pislnls and .lag-
gels of ciiiiHpiralors. Did Niiilors were ainii/ed
at the I oiiiposure which he preserved amid roar-
ing breakers mi a perilmiH coast. In liutlle IiIh
bravery made lilin conspicuous even among teiiH
of Ihousaiids of brave warriors, drew forth the
generous applause of hoslile armies, and wim
never i|neslioiieil even by the iiijlislice of himllle
factions. During his tirsi campaigns heexposed
himself like a man w ho sought for death ; wim
always foremost In the charge and last in there-
treat ; foiii;lil, Mword in liiind. in the thickest
press : and with a musket ball in his arm and
the blood slreamlng over his cuirass still stood
his ground and wii\eil his hut under the holtesl
lire.— M.\( Ai i.AVH K.Mi., ch. 7, p. 154.
:ill1. MANIA, Popular. CninmhrH. (In1(mn|
the pea 'ani shod his oxen like horses, and, yok-
ing llieiii to a cart, migraled with his wife and
children ; and llie children, wlieiie\er they ap-
ii-oai'hed a town, <rieii out, " Is this ,Ierusa-
em V" Lands were abandiiiied. Houses and
chadels were .sold for ready money by lovMismen
and husbandmen. The passion to reach •lernsa-
lem extinguished all oriliniiry love of gain and
absorbed every oilier motive for exerlloii. . . .
The desire lo see that liind, if not iMis.sess it, went
through Ihe most remote i>arts ot Christian Kii-
rojH'. . . . As Ihey passed through the pojiulous
cities of (termany the spirit of fanatical haired
. . . incited the multitude lo |iilliige and ina.ssa-
ere the .Jews.— Knkiht'm Kno., vol. 1, ch. 10,
p. 'i'ZH.
»'llil. MANKIND diitruited. ('harhs H. wuh
addicted beyond measure lo sensual indulgence,
fond of sauntering and of frivolous amu.semeiits,
incapable of .selfdenial and of exertion, without
faith in human virtue or in human attachment,
without desire of renown, and without sensibil-
ity to rei>roacli AceoriUng to him, every per-
son Wis to be bought. But some jx'ojjle hag-
gled more about their price than others; and
when this haggling was very obstinate; and very
.skilftd, it was called by some tine name. The
chief trick by which clever men kei)t up the
price of their abilities was called integrity. The
chief trick by which handsome women kept up
thei)riee()f their beauty was called modesty. . . .
Thinking thus of mankind, Charles niiturally
cared very little what they thought of him. Hon-
or and shame were scarcely more to him than
light and darkness to the blind. — MACAtLAv'H
Eng., ch. 2, p. 150.
3'II3. MANKIND, Inequality of. Fi(xmwl
Ji>him»i. On his favorite subject of suliordina-
tion, .John.son said : " So far is it from being true
that men are nalurally eejual, that no two jieople
can be half an hour togetlier but one shall ac-
(juire an evident sijjieriority over the other." —
Boswkll's Johnson, p. 142.
3414. MANKIND, Froaperity of. Age. If a
man were called lo tix the period in the hi.story
of the world during which the condition of the
human race was most happy and i)rosperous, he
wovdd, without hesitation, name that which
elajwed from the death of Donutian to the acces-
sion of Conmiodiis. The vast extent of the Ro-
man Emi)ire was governed by absolute power,
under the guidance of virtue and wisdom. — Giu
uon's Rome, ch. 3, p. 95.
MANNKIlS-MAMFAi TIUKS.
40.1
ill 1.1. HANKERS, B.unt. lti,»i,n,n. Tlii>
lililiilrii'Hx of In-t iiiitiiiiiri \mih ('\>'tii|ililli'i| In his
i'l'li'linili'il aiiswiT III Ali'Miiiilcr ttic (inal, wliu,
roinliii; In visit tlir iiliiinxniilicr, ami tlmiitiK' liiiii
m'atnl ill his lull, lisl^i'ii it' lie ciniiii iln liliii
any fiiviir, " ^'ch," smIiI liic iitlicr, " siaiid friiiii
liciwciii inn iiiitl tlic «.mi." — 'rvTi.i;uM Mist,,
M'xili -i. v\\. it, |) •.Tl.
:ill<t. MAHlTERSohanged. llmn.ins. Tlx'sc
Aslalic riiiH|H('sis were, ill II moral jioiiii of vlrw,
iiiiii'li iiKH'c iit'i'liiitiiiitl than ailvanlau:riiiis to tlir
Uoinans. 'I hrir sinipli! ami iiiHti'i'c iiianni'i's lir-
iran iriailiiiilly lo relax, ami tliry a('i|iiii'n| a rel-
ish for lii\iii"ions eiijoynients. 'I'hls clianjfe in
the inaiiiiei's of his coiintryinen roiiseil the virtu
oils imllLrnation of Calo (lie Censor, tliedeteriniii'
I'll ellelny of every spei ies of iiiviiry 1111(1 corrup-
tion. At the time wlieii ilaniiilial was ravat;in;; |
Italy, mill whi'r the Uoiiiaii stale liiul Iheslnini;'
«'st motive to relrelleh all siipertluoiis expenses, |
a sumptuary slaliile, caHeil iIk; ( tppian law, was j
passril, whieh proliililleil tile women from the
use of LTolil in their oriianieiils, lieyoiul Iheipian-
tlly of half an oiiiiee, iiml from wearing jrnr
inellls of liilTerelll colors, alul likewisi' interdict
»'il llie use of cii.iriols. Al tile end of the Sec
ond I'linic War the Human ladies used all (heir
iiilluetice to have this law repealed, urKini; that
the inoiive for its enaetineiit no loiiijer existed.
tSo earnest were they in their purpose. Hint, for-
P'ltini; tlial. modest resrr\c which is llieir sex's
hi.ifhest ornament, tliey rushed out into tlie
Ktreets, and iM'selliiiix every avenue !.; the forum,
laid hold of the men as they passed, and endeav-
ored, liotii by clamor and liy lilaiidisliments, to
cnpijje their votes for the aliroijalitin of this odi-
ous statute. It was no wonder that tlu; riifid vir-
tue (if old Call), then consul, was inllained willi
in(!i;;imtiiin at this spectacle. — Tvti.ku'h IIiht,,
JJook U, ch. », p. ;{7H.
3417. MANNERS, EifeoU of. S.tttnid John-
unit. The dilTerence, lie oliserved, lietweeii ii
well hrcd and an illlired man is this : " One im-
mediately altracts your liking. tli(i other your
iivcrsion. You lovt; the (ino till you find rea-
son to hate him ; you htitii the; other till you
lind reason to love him." — Ho8WKLI-'s Johnson,
1). 5:}0.
3'll§. . Sinn lid Johnmn. I had
the resolution to ask Johnson whether he thought
that the roughness of his manner had been iin
advantage or not, and if he would not Imve done
more good if he Imd been more gentle. John-
son : " No, ,sir ; I have done more good as I am.
Obscenity and impiety have always been repress-
ed in my eompany." HoswKiJ- : . . . "Great-
er liberties have been taken in the presence of a
Jiishop, though a very good man, from his being
milder, and therefore not commanding such awe.
Yet, sir, many i)eople who might have been ben-
efited by j-our conversation have been frighteneil
away, A worth}' friend of ours has told me
that he has often been afraid to talk to you."
Johnson: "Sir, he need not have been afraid,
if he had anything rational to say. If he hiul
not, it was beUer lie did not talk.' — Boswell's
Johnson, p. Wl'A.
3410. MANNERS neglected. Sunviel John-
son. The late Alexander, Earl of P^glintoune,
who loved wit more than wine, and men of gen-
lus more than sycoiihants, hud a great admira-
tion of Johnson ; but from the renmrkiible rie
gance of his own manners was, perhaps, too del-
Icalely Mciisibli of the roughness which moi
times ajiiieared in Johnson's U'liavlor. . . . Iln
regrellid Ihiil .Johnson had not I n educaleil
with more rellnemeiit, iind lived more in iiolish-
ed society. " No, no, my lord," Maid Slirnior
llaretll, " (111 w ilh him what you would, he nmhiIiI
always have been a bear rriie," aiiswireil
the earl, with a smile, " but he would have been
a ilinti'liiij bear." |(ioldHmith said :| " Johnson,
to be sure, has a roughness in his manners ; but
no man alive has a more lender heart. Ilr hiin
nolhinij of thi' Imir hut hin Kkiii." — lloHW ki.I.'m
JoilNso.N, p. !.*(!»,
:M'iO. MANNERS, Plain. ^'>"/'.'/' /■!>.'' Ih, (J>i„
fill-. .\ 1). Hint. Alioiit two years and a half
from the day w lien Cromwell wfiit on his knees
to kiss Hie hand of the voiiiig boy who was Duke
of York, tlie Lord, wdo sent ("jeorge Kox into
Iheworlil, forbade him to put otf Ids hat to any,
high or low, and he was reipiired to ///(/ and • "t
all men and women, w ilhoiit any respect to i h
or poor, lo great or miiiiII. — ll.\.N( imi'r's I'. S.,
vol. 2. ch. 1(1.
3 l*J I. MANNERS, Unrefined. John.son. lie
observed ; " The great in Kriivee live very mag
niticeiitly. but llie rest very miseralily. There
is no happy middle state, as in Knglaml. The
shops of I'aris arc mean ; the meat in the mar-
kets is such as would be sent lo a jail in Kng-
laml ; and Mr. Tlirale jiistiv observeil that the
cookery of the French was forced upon them by
necessity ; for they could not eat llieir meat, un-
less they added same taste to it. Tin Freiicli are
an indelicate people ; they will spit upon any
place. At iMadaniu 's, a literary lady of
rank, the footman took the sugar in his lingers,
and threw it into my cotTee. I was going to put
it aside : lait hearing it was made on pvu'pose for
me, I e'eii tasted Tom's tingers. The same lady
would needs make tea a i'Ani/liiiiie. The sixait
of the teiijiot did not pour freely ; she bade the
footman i)low into it." — IJoswkm "s Johnssun,
p. 2M.
34'Ja. MANNERS, Urbane. (%irl,H TI. The
moriung light began to peep through the win-
dows of Whitehall, and ('harles desired the at-
tendants to pull aside the curtains, that he might
have oiu! more look at the day. IIi remarked
that it was time to wind \i\\ a clock which stood
near his bed. These little circumstances were
long remembered, because they |)roved beyond
dispute that, when he (hulared him.self a Hoinan
Catholic, ho was in full pos.session of his facul
ties. He apologized to those who had stood
roiuid him all night for the trouble which he had
cansed. He hacl been, he .s.iid, a most uncon-
scionable time dyii\g, but he hoped that they
would excuse it. This was the last glimpse of
that e.X(piisit(! urbanity, so often found potent to
charm away the resentment of a justly incensed
nation. — M.\cali.ay'.s Eno., oh. 4, p. 408.
3423. MANUFACTURES, Exhibition ol. Bos-
ton Common, a.d. 1754. At Boston a society
was formed for promoting domestic mamifact-
ures ; on one of its anniversaries three hundred
young women appeared on the common, clad in
homespun, seated in a triple row, each with a
spinning-wheel, and each busily transferriug tlie
40-4
-MANLFACTIRES— MAIliaAGK
flux from tho distaff to the spool. — Bancrokt's
U. S., vol. 4, th. 4.
34ill. MANUFACTURES fostered. FlniiMi.
Al'lLT the estiililisliMUMit of tiic ltciU mart of
UriiiTcs, the FlcininjfH hcjriiii to apply llicir whole
industry to the eslai)llvhnient of maiuifactiircs,
mid Baldwin, Ihc j'oun;^ (,'onnt of Flanders, eii-
<:oiiraired this si>irit by ()estowiu,>( [)rivilfires and
iinniunitius nn the nierehant.s an(l nianufaclur-
crs. His successors, however, i)ossessed a very
different spirit ; tlu^y recalled these immunities ;
and the eonse(|U(;iic(; was, that the niainifaetur-
ers left Flantlers and .setlleil in Hi'ahant, where
the dukes of that i)i'ovinee slK.ved them for
some time all manner of favor. Tliis, however,
did not long continue. The revocation of their
immunities, by some impolitic, sovereiirns of
tliat province, banished tmde and manufactures
from Urabant, as it had done from Flanders. —
TvTi.Eit's HrsT., Book 6, eh. 17, p. 262.
3125. MANUFACTURES, Monopoly in. Jfaf-
icrs. In the land of furs it was found that hats
were well made ; the Ijoiidon company of hat-
ters remonstrated ; and their craft was protected
l)y an act forbiddini? hats to he transjiorted from
one i>lantation to anotlier. . . . " None of the
])lantations should nuinufacture iron Avares of
any kind whatsoever ;" and the house of jx'ers
added a clause prohibiting every "forge gf>ing
l)y water for making bar or roil iron." — B.^x-
croft'w U. S.
3 1*6. MANUFACTURES restricted. Jim/n of
Ch((rl('H II. As early as the reign of Eli/abefh
there had l)een loud complaints that whole for-
ests were cut down for tiie puqiose of feeding
the furnaces, and the Parliament had interfered
to prohibit the manufacturers from burning
timber. The manufacture consecpiently lan-
fnished. At the close of the reign of Charles
I. great jiart of the iron which was used in
tlie country was imported from a))road. — M.\-
CAiJL.w's E.NO., ch. 8, p. 296.
3-127. MARCHING, Prodigious. Spartans. Af-
ter the battle Iiad been fought [at ^Marathon],
hut Avhile the dead bodies were yet on the
pround, the promise-d re-enforcement from Spar-
ta arrived. Two thousand Lacediemonian
spearmen, starting immediately after the full
moon, had marched the hundred and fifty miles
between Atlier.s and Sparta in tlie Avonderfully
sliort time of three days. Though too late to
share in the glory of tlie action, they requested
to be allowed to inarch to the battle-field to he-
hold the Medes. They proceeded thither, gazed
on the dead bodies of the invaders, ami then,
praising the Athenians and wliat they had done,
they returned to Laceda>mon. — Decisive Bat-
tles, ^ 4«.
342§. MARINER, Famous. Discover)/ of Amer-
ica. The enterprise of Columbus, the most mem-
orable maritime enterpri.se in the history of the
■world, formed between Europe and America
tlie communication which will never cease. —
JJakchoft's Hist, of U. S., ch. 1.
34iS9. MARINERS, Cautious. Portufiuese. Till
the middle oi the fifteenth century none of the
aationsof Europe had ventured to sail out of the
eight of tlieir coasts. Their vessels were tiat-bot-
tomed and extremelj' shallow ; and as they fol-
lowed in their navigation every turning of the
coast, which exposed them continually to shifting
and contrary winds, it was not unusual that a
voyage, which would now 1h' i)erf(ir:iied in a
few mo iths, lasted at that time four or five viars.
We have already remarked the very limited
knowledge which the Greeks and Komans pos-
sessed of the habitable globe. The Eastern
Ocean was known only byname, and the Atlan-
tic scarcely attempted out of tlw siglit of the
coast of Euroiie. It was sui>posed that all to
the west was an immense extent of ocean. —
TvTT.i:n's Hist., Book 0, ch. IH, p. 266.
3'I30. MARKSMAN, Royal. Coinmoilns. The
Emperor Coinniodus. elated with i>raise which
gradually extingiiisheil the innate .sense of shame,
resolved to exhibit bc'fore theeyesof the I{oman
jieople those exercises which till then he had
decently confined within the walls of his jialaee,
and to the presence of a few favorites. On the
appointed day tlie various motives fif tlattery,
fear, and curiosity attracted to the amphithe-
I atre an iiinumerafile multitude of spectators ;
and some degree of api)lause was deservedly he-
stowed on the uncommon skill of the imiH-rial
performer. Whether he aimed at the head or
heart of the animal, the wound was alike certain
and mortal. With arrows whose i>oiiit wa.s
shaped info the form of a crescent. C;.nmodus
often intercepted the rapid career, and cut asun-
der the long, bony neck of the ostrich. A {>an-
ther was let loose ; and the archer waited till he
had leaped ujxm a trembling malefiictor. In
the same instant the .shaft flew, tlu; beast dropped
dead, and the man nmiained unhurt. The dens
of the ampliitheatre di.sgorged at once a hundred
lions ; a hundred darts from the unerring liand
of Commodus laid them dead as tli<'y ran rag-
ing around the Arena. Neither the liuge liulk
of the elephant nor the scaly liide of the rhi-
noceros could defend them from his stroke.
./Ethiopia and India yielded their most extnior-
dinary productions ; and several animals were
slain in the ami)hitheatre, which liad bevn seen
only in the reiiresentations of art, or perhaps of
fancy. In all these exhibitions the securest
precautions were used to protect the person of
the Koman Hercules from the desperate spring
of any savage, who might possibly' disreganl
the dignity of the enii)eror and the sanctity of
the god.— Gib'")n's Ko.me, ch. 4, p. IIH.
3431. MARRIAGE, Ceremony of. From (he
Romans. Our marriage ceremonies are all Ro-
man — the ring, the veil, the wedding gifts, the
groomsman and bridesmaids, the bride-cake. —
Knight's Eng., vol. 1, ch. 3, p. 49.
3433. MARRIAGE cheap. Ale.rander Keith.
[The liev. Alexander Keith, scK)n after the pas-
sage of the Marriage act, liad the reputation of
marrying vorj' cheap.] Many came to Ik? married
when they liad half a crown in their pockets and
sixpence to buy a pot of beer, and for which they
had pawned some of their clotlies. . . . Hi.s
motto was, "Happy is the wooing thiit is not
long a-doing." . . .Six thousand a year were
married at his chapel. — Knight's Eng., vol. 6,
ch. 12, J). 194.
3433. MARRIAGE, Choice in. SeimuelJohn-
soii, Boswem, : " IVay, sir, do you not sup-
pose that there are tifty women in the world,
with r.iiy one of whom a man may be as happy,
a' \ith any one woman in particular?" .loiiN-
MAHHIAGE.
405
«(>N : "Ay, sir, fifty fliousaiul." Hohwem, :
" Then, sir. you arc not of opinion witli sonic
wild iniiiiiinc tlnil ccrlaiu men and certain wom-
en are made for eacli otlicr, and tliat tlicy can-
not l)c liai)iiy if they niis.s their counteri)arls."
JoUNHoN : "To 1h! sure not, sir 1 believe .iiar-
riapes would in j;eneral be as hap]!)', and often
more so. if they were all made by the Lord
Chancellor, upon a due conKideration of the
characters and circumstances, widiout the]tarlies
Jiavinir any choice in the niatter." — JJ<k<wej,i/s
Johnson, p. 2H!{.
3434. MARRIAGE by Coercion. Wi/r/nw M'lt.
Auld Wat sson William, captured by Sir Gideon
Murray, of Elii)ank, dnrin;: a raid of the Scotts
on ISir Gideon's lands, was. as tradition says,
^iven his choice. iK-tween beint; hanjfcd on fSir
Gideon's |irivat(! /ifallows, and marrying the ni,'-
liest of Sir Gidi'on's thnn; ujrly (hiughters, Aleikle-
rnouthed Men, iviHitod a.s <'urryinji; ofl tiie prize
of ufrliness among the women of four counties.
8ir AV'lliam was u handsome man. He took
three days Uy consider the nltermdive pro])ose(l
to him. iiut lie cho.se life with the larjre-nioutlied
hidy in the end ; and found her, according to
the tra<litiou which tlw; poet, her descendant, has
transmitted, an excellent wife, with a tine talent
for pickling the beef whicli her husband stole
from the herds of his foes. Meikle-mouthed Meg
transmitted a distinct trace of her large mouth
to all her descendants, and not least to him who
waste use his " meikle" mouth to best advan-
tage as the spokesman of his race [Sir Walter
Scott]. — IIitton's Life of Scott, ch. 1.
3435. MARRIAGE declined. Queen Eliza-
beth. [Queen Eliz{d)eth was urged by the House
of Commons to become a marriotl woman. She
strongly expressed Lcr constant preference for
the uimiarried state.] — Ivnight's Enu., vol. 3,
ch. 8, p. loy.
3436. MARRIAGE, Denial of. ITonorin. The
sister of Valcntiuian [the Roman eini)eror] was
educated in the palace of Ravenna ; and as her
marriage might l)e productive of some danger to
the State she was raised, by the title of Augusta,
above the hopes of the most presumptuous sub-
ject. But the fair HouorLi bad no sooner iittaiu-
cd the sixteenth year of her age than she detest-
ed the importunate greatness which nuist forever
exclude her from the comforts of honorable
love. In the midst of vain and unsatisfactory
pomp Honoria sighed, yielded tothcimpidse of
nature, and threw herself into the arms of her
chamberlain Eugenins. Her guilt and shame
(such is the absurd language of inji)erious man)
were soon betrayed by the a;)ix'arimces of preg-
nancy ; but the disgrace of the royal fanul}' was
])ublislied to the world by the im|irudence' of
the Empress Placidia. — Ginuox's Romk, ch. 25,
p. 431.
3437. MARRIAGE, A detested. Mary Queen
ofSc^jts. [After Mary Queen of Scots had seciu-ed,
as was believed, the murder of her first husband,
sl.o soon called upon Craig, a Protestant min-
ister, to proclaim Uie banns of matrimony be-
tween hersdf and Bof hwell, which he did m the
High Church, adding,] I take heaven and earth
to witness that I abhor and detest this marriage.
— Knight's Eng., vol. 3, ch. 9, p. 147.
343§. MARRIAGE, Disappointment in. David
Crockett. He soon fell in love again, at a l)all.
and, before the eveiung was fiiusluHl, he was en-
gaged to be married, and a day was ajjpointed
for him to announce the fact to the girl's parents.
On the apjiointed day he started for the yoimg
lady's abode, l)ut falling in on the vay with a
gay pai'ty, he spent the whole night in a frolic;
and when, the next morning, he aiiproaciied the
house of his lady-love, he learned that .'■he was
to be married that evening to another man. His
riding-whip slipped from his hand, his jaw fell,
and he .sat on his horse sUiring wildly at his in-
formant. He recovered his s|)irits, however,
went to the wedding, and danced all niglu, the
merriest of the merry. — Cvci.oi'KUiA of Bioo.,
p. GtJO.
3430. MARRIAGE dishonored. Time of Kero.
Family life among the Ror.ams had once been a
sacred thing, and for live hundred and twenty
\ears divorce had been tmknown among them.
Vnder the empire marriage had come to l)e re-
garded with disfavor and disdain. "Wcanen, as
Seneca .says, were married in order to be di-
vorced, and were divorced in order to marry;
and noble Roman matrons counted the years,
not by the consuls, but by their discarded or
discarding husbands. — Fakhau's Eakly Days,
p. r,.
3440. MARRIAGE, Dou-ry in. " Qj-en." At
the age of twelve [Abys.sinian] youths entertain
views of matrimony. Oxen form the basis of
their .selection — that is to say, they marry the
girl whose father can provide them with the most
oxen. The chosen fair one need not be over
nine years of age. — Applkton's Cyclopedla,
" AlJYSSINIA."
3441. MARRIAGE, Early. Eight Yearn Old.
[In 1396 Richard II., a widower, married Isa-
bella, daughter of the King of France, she l)eing
onlv eight years old.] — Knight's Eng., vol. 2,
ch."2, p. 27.
344tt. . Mahomet. Ayeslia . . .
was donl)tless a virgin, since Mahomet consuin-
matod his nuptials (such is the premattire ripeness
of the climate) when she was only nine years old.
— Gibbon's Maho.met, p. 55.
3443. MARRIAGE encouraged. Orif/in. The
first sovereigns of ail nations are said to have
instituted marriage — Menes, the tirst king of
Egj'pt ; Fohi, the tirst sovereign of China ; Ce-
croj)s, the tirst legislator of tlie Greeks. The
earliest laws of many civilized nations likewise
])r()vided eticouragemetils for matrimony. By
the Jewish law a married man was for the first
j'ear exempted from going to war and excu.sed
from the bnnien of any public office. Among
the Peruvians he was fret for a year from the
payment of all taxes. The respec't for the matri-
monial union cannot l)e more clearly evincetl
than by the seveiity with which the greater part
of the ancient nations restrained the crime of
adulterj'. — Tytleu'sHist., Bookl, ch. 3, p. 23.
3444. MARRIAGE excused. Hem-y VIIL
His fovrth wife was Anne of Cleves, who did
not retain his affections alnive nine months. He
repres*;nted to his clergy that at tlie time he mar-
ried her he had not given his inward consent ;
but it is less stirprising that a monarch of this
character should urge such an excuse, than that
his clergy and Parliament should sustain it. Anne
Avas divorced. — Tytleb's Hist., Book 6, ch. 20,
p. 303.
40G
MAKHIACJK.
t
3445. MABRIAGE, Extraordinary. Ji>Ii a How-
ard. In liis twi'iity-tiftli year liuliail a long anil
dangerous illness. When he was first seized he
was living in lodgings near Jjondon, where he
fnneied lio was not treated with the attention
Ins case demanded. He conse(juently removed
to the house of a widow, wlio was herself a
ennlirmed iiivaliil, and tifty-two jears of age.
This ladv, who pos.ses.sed a small independence,
nui>ed him during many months with sucli ten-
der care that he felt toward her an unbounded
gratitude, and u])on his recovery he olFered her
his hand. . . . This singular marriagt; between ii
man of twenty-ti ve and a woman of tifty-two was
productive, as Howard always averrecf, (if noth-
ing but hai)i)iness. After two years and a half
of trancpiil felicity the lady died. — Cyci.oi'Kuia
OK Bi()(i., p. !}!}.
34*16. MARRIAGE, A forced. Princem Anne.
[In 1490 .>[a.\imilian, King of the l?oniaiis, want-
ed the Princess Anne, the rich lieiressof Francis,
and with her the duchy of Brittany ; and sIk?
entered into a contract of marriage with him.]
Charles of France now jiut forth his i)retensions
to the liand of the lady. The contract was void,
lie said, becau.se Brittany was a lief of France,
and the lord could confrol the marriage of an
Jieire.ss who was his va.ssal. The argument was
.sujiported by the emphatic presence of a French
army ; the princess, who resisted till resistance
was no longer po.ssible, was forced into a mar-
riage which she hated and into tlie conclusion
of a treaty whidi placed the province, so long
independent, under French rule. — Knkuit's
E.NG., vol. 2, ch. 18, p. 217.
3447. MARRIAGE, A fortunate. John Adtmn.
He was admitted to the bar, and, returning to
Jiis father's house, endeavored to set up in the
practice of liis profession. His father lived then
at Braintrec, a small and obscure town fourteen
miles from Boston, where there wa.s very little
chance for a young lawyer. For some years his
gains were small and his anxieties severe. It was
not until after his father's death that his circum-
stances were alleviated, and he was enabled to
marry. His marriage was one of the most fort-
unate ever contracted in tliis world ; for not
only was the lady one of the most amiable and
accomplislied of women, but, being a member
of a numerous and influential family, she brought
to her husband a great increase of business. He
was then twenty-nine years of age. — Cyclope-
dia OF Bioo., p. 175.
344§. MARRIAGE, Happy. Pder Cooper. In
1814, before the war ended, he contracted that ex-
quisite marriage wliich gave him lifty-flve years
of domestic happiness, as complete, as unalloyed,
as mortals can ever hope to enjoy. It is believed
!)}• members of his family that during that long
perio'' of time there was never an act done or a
word spoken by either of them which gave pain
to the other. They began their married life on a
luimble scale indeed. AVhen a cradle became
necessary, and he was called upon to rock it
oftener tl«in was convenient, he invented a self-
rocking cradle, with a fan attachment, which he
patented, and sold the patent for u small sum. —
Cycloi'edi.v of Biog., p. 572.
3149. MARRIAGE in Heaven. Sicedenhorg.
Bwedenborg, in his treatise on Conjugal Love,
lirst speaks of marriages iu heaven, lie shows
that a man lives a man after death, and that a
woman lives a woman ; and since it was ordained
from creation that the woman should be for tho
man, and the man for the woman, and thus that
each should be the other's, and since that lovo
is innate in both, it follows tiiat there are mar-
riages in heaven as well as on earth. !Marriagw
in tlie heavens is the conjunction of two into one
mind. The mind of man consists of two [larts,
the understanding and the will. When these two
jiarts act in unity, tliey are called one mind. Tho
understanding is jiredominant in man, and tho
will in woman ; but .n tlie marriage of minds
there 's no predominance, for the will of the
wife becomes also the will of the husband, and
the understanding of the husband is also that of
the wife ; because each loves to will and to think
as the other wills and thinks, and thus they will
and thi'.k iiiutuallj' and reci])rocally. Hence
their conjunction ; so that in heaven two mar-
ried partners are ;iot called two, but one angel.
— White's Swedknuokc!, ch. 22, p. lUl.
3450. MARRIAGE, Ill-chosen. Catherine of
liiiKsiii. [She was the daughter of a German
lirince, and married Peter, a dissipated, vulgar,
cowardly Russian jirinccj On arriving at JIos-
cow, in her fifteenth year, she was presented to
her future husband, and, it is said, conceived for
him so jirofound a disgust that she fell sick, and
was unable to reappear in public for several
weeks. She submitted, however, to \- "• fate,
and, after being baptized into the '!;•"< I '" vch
under filename of Catherine, slv v.ab jnarried
to the imperial prince — he lieingj-Lventeen years
of age, and she sixteen. Seldom has there been
a more ill-assorted union. Catherine was bora
to command, Peter was born to serve. Slio
was a young lady of wit, information, and good
breeding ; he knew no pleasures beyond those
which lie could enjoy in ccmimon with the be-
sotted otticers of the Imperial Guard. — Cyclo-
I'EDiA OF Biog., p. 403.
3451. MARRIAGE, 111 mated second. Loui,<i
XTI. The young Princess Mary, the sister of tho
English king, wasmarried to the widowed Louis.
But this hasty match was followed In' unfore-
seen and melancholy consequences. The king,
whose health was declining, had for some tinio
restricted himself to the simplest and most regu-
lar habits of life, dining early, and retiring to
rest at sunset. In the society of his beautiful and
lightdiearted bride he was now induced to en-
gage in a round of exciting festivities, ill suite '
to his years and infirmities ; his strength rapidly
failed during the autumn, and he exjiircd at tho
palace of the Tournelles, in the fifty-fourth year
of his age, on the 1st of .lanuary, 1515. — Stu-
dents' Fkance, ch. i;}, ^ 9.
3452. MARRIAGE, Imported for. Virginians.
In this condition of affairs Smith was superseded
by Sir Edwyn Sandys, a man of great prudence
and integrity. ... By the influence of Sandys
and his friends ninety young women of good
lireeding and modest manners wcreinduced to em-
igrate to Jamestown. In the following year sixty
others of similar good character came over, and
received a hearty welcome. The statement that
the early Virginians bought their wives is absurd.
All that was done was this : wliCn Sandys sent
the first company of women to America, ho
charged vhe colonists with the expense of tho
MARRIAGE.
407
voyape, a nieiisiire iniule necessary by the fact
that the comjiaiiy was almost bankrupt. An as-
8es.snient was madeacconiinji^to tlie number who
were brought over, and the rate fi.xed at a hun-
dred and twenty pounds of tobacco for each pas-
senger — a sum which the settlers cheerfully y-siid.
The niimy marriages that followed were cele-
l)rated in the usual way, and nothing further
was thought of the transaction. ^Vhen the sec-
ond shipload came, the cost . transportation
was rejiorted at a hundred and fifty pounds for
each passenger, which was also jtaid without
complaint. — Ridpath's U. H., ch. 11, p. 111.
3453. HARBIAGE, Inanipicious. A ndrcw Jttck-
son's. [Young lawyer Jack.son boarded with Mrs.
Donelson at Nashville, Tenn.] He soon discov-
ered that Mrs. Robards [her daughter] lived very
luihappily with her Imsband, who was a man
of violent temper and most jealous disposition.
Young Jackson had not long resided in the
family before Mr. Robards began to bo jealous
of him, and many vi( lent scenes took ]»lace
between them. Tho jealous Robards at length
abandoned his wife, and went oil to liis old
liome in Kentucky, leaving Jackson master of
the lield. ... A rumor soon after reached the
place that Robards had procured a divorce
from his wife in the legislature of Virginia, soon
after which Andrew Jackson and Rachel Donel-
son were married. The rumor proved to be
false, and they lived together for two years be-
fore a divorce was really granted, at the end of
which time they were married again. This mar-
riage, though so inauspiciously begun, was an
eminently happy one, although out of doors it
caused the irascible Jackson a great deal of
trouble. [See No. 105.] — Cyclopedia ofBiog.,
p. 534.
3454. MARBIAOE, Incestuons. Ancient. The
freedom of love and marriage was restrained
among the Romans by natural and civil inijK'di-
ments. An instinct, almost innate and universal,
appears to prohibit the incestuous commerce of
parents and children in the inflnite series of as-
cending and descending generations. Concern-
in^^ tlie oblique and collateral branches, natiu'e
is indifferent, reason mute, and custom various
and arbitrary. In Egypt tlie marriage of l)roth-
ers and sisters was admitted without s(;ruple or
exception ; a Spartan might espouse the daugh-
ter of liis father, an Athenian that of liis moth-
er ; and the nuptials of an uncle with his niece
were applauded at Athens as a happy luiion of
the dearest relations. — Gibbon's Rome, ch. 44,
p. 35.
3455. MABRIAQE, Indecent. Queen of Scots.
Tosatisfv the public opinion, however, Bothwell
Wiis tried by his peers for the murder of Darn-
ley, and no evidence being brought against liim,
lie was absolved by the verdict of a jury. The
queen, who had never believed him guilty, had
now, as she thought, a perfect assurance of his
innocence. He stood high in her favor, and,
prompted by ambition, began to aspire at the
dangerous honor of obtaining her hand in mar-
riage. These views being known to Murray and
liis associates, seemed to afford, at length, a most
Sromising means for accomplishing the ruin of
lary, and throwing into their hands the govern-
ment of the kingdom. It now, therefore, became
their great object to bring about the marriage of
Bothwell with the (pieen ; a formal deed, or
bond, was for that purpose framed liy the Earl
of ^lorlon and the chief nobility of his jtarty,
recommending Bothwell, in the strongest terms,
as the most proper person she could choose for a
husband. Mary gave in to the snare ; she marricfl
Bothwell, a measure which is the most indefensi-
ble part of her conduct ; for however she might
have been persuaded of liis innocence, of which
this reijuest of her chief nobility was certaiidy a
very strong testimony, yet the public voice still
pointed him out as an associate in the murder of
her husband ; and to marry this man was a
measure as indecent as it was ruinous and ini])ol-
itic— Tytlku's Hist., Book 0, ch. 28, p. 387.
3456. MARBIAOE to Industry. Safnnes. When
the Sabines, after the war with the Romans,
were reconciled, conditions were obtained for the
women, that they should not beobliired by their
husbands to do any other work beside siiinning.
It was customary therefore, ever after, that they
who gave the bride, or conducted her home, or
were jiresent on the occasion, should cry out,
amid the mirth of the wedding, " 'JUlnsin.s ;" inti-
mating that she was not to Ix- employed in any
other labor but that of spinning. — pLLTAUtii's
Rom IMS.
3457. HABBIA6E, Informal. Duke of .Von-
mouth. [The day before Ids execution for rebel-
lion bislioi)s Ken and Turner visited the prison-
er.] He maintained that his connection with
Lady [Henrietta] Wentwortli wns l)lameless in
the sight of God. He had been married, he said,
when a child. He had never cared for liis duch-
ess. The hapinness which he had not found at
home he had sought in a round of loose amours,
condemned by religion and morality. Henrietta
had reclaimed him from a life of vice. To her
he had been strictly constant. They had, by com-
mon consent, olTered up fervent prayers for the
Divine guidance. After those prayers they had
found their affection for each other strengthened ;
and they could then no longer doubt that, in the
.sight of God, they were a wedded pair. The bish-
ops were so much .scandalized by this view of tho
conjugal relation that they refused to administer
the .sacrament to the pris(jner. — Macaulay's
Exo., ch. 5, p. 577.
345§. MABBIAGE, Irregular. Robert Burns.
Jean Armour, the daughter of a respectable mas-
ter-mason in that village, had the chief place in
his affections. All through 1785 their courtship
had continued, but early in 178G a .secret and ir-
regular marriage, with a written acknowledg-
ment of it, had to be effected. Then followed
the father's indig > n\ that his daughter should
be married to so ..ild and worthless a man as
Burns ; compulsion of his daughter to give up
Burns, and to destroy the document which
vouched their marriage ; Burns' despair driving
him to tho verge of insanity ; tho letting loose
by the Armours of th» terrors of the law against
him ; his skulking for a time in concealment ;
his resolve to emigrate to the West Indies, and
become a slave-driver. . . . In September of tho
same year Jean Armour became the mother of
twin children. — Siiaikp's Blkns, ch. 1.
3459. MARBIAOE, Kingdom for. E<ni God-
win. [In 1042 Earl Godwin forced his daugh-
ter Edith upon Edward the Confessor, the king
of about half of England, a man of forty, say-
408
MAHUIAGE.
iii^.l Swear to iiic tlmt you will take my dim/^li-
tiT for your wifV, imd I will ^'ivc you tlii' kiii;;-
<loin of Enu'liiiul. [Edwnnl was luiwilliu;; to re-
ivive the kiii,i,aloin with such an I'ncuiiibrancf.] —
Knkjut'8 EN(i., vol. 1, eh. 13, p. 107.
iltOO. KARBIA6E, Loom, liomaiis. 3Iar-
riaf,'c, wliicii uimIit llie aiicii-ut Jtoiiiansi wuh tlu'
most .sifvi'd of ties, liad Ix^comc the li;i^hleKl and
the loosest. Cicero divorced Tereutia when she
was old ami ill-tempered, and married a younj^
woman. Cato made over hiw ^larcia, the moth-
er of his children, to his friend Hortensius, and
took her l)ack as a wealthy widow when Hor
lensius died. Pompey jiut away his tirst wil'eal
Hylla's lii<l(linf;, and took a second, who was al-
ready the wife of unotJier man. C'a'nar, when
little more than a boy, dared the Dictator's ills-
pleasure rather than condescend to a siuular com-
jdiance. — Fimmue'h C.*:bak, ch. 12.
3461. HABBIAOE, Kediation in. Immc New-
tan. One Mr. Smith, nclerirymuu of the ueij,di-
horhood, who liad a good estate, liaving attained
middle age, and being still a iMicliielor, one of his
parishioners ad vi.sed him to marry, lie rc] ied
that he did not know Avherc to get a good wile.
"The widow Newton," .said his friend, " is an
extraordinary good woman." " 15ut," said tlu!
clergyman, " how do I know .she will have me V
imd I don't care to ask and be denied. Hut
if you will go and a.sk her, I'll pay you for your
day's work." The gentleman having j)erformed
hiserrand, .Mrs. Newton answered that she would
Ik! guided in the aiTair by the advice of her
brother. L'])on receiving this answer, the dergj'-
inau des])at<hed him to the brother, with whom
the marriage was arranged. — Pauton's New-
'I'ON, p. 74.
3462. MARSIA6E, Heekneti in. "Count Ilxm-
ford." [IJeiiiaiuin Thompson, of Miisisachusetts,
Avas Count of the Holy Roman Empire.] In
Concord, at the time of Thomp.son's arrival,
there dwell the widow of n Colonel Kolfe with
her infant son. Her husband had died in Deccm-
her. 1771, leaving a large estate. . . . Kumford,
><OTnewhat ungallantly, told his friend Pictet in
after years that she married him rather than he
her. She was obviously a wonnm (.)f decision.
As soon as they were engaged, an old curricle,
left by her father, was fished up, and, therein
mounted, she <'arried her betrothed to Bo.ston,
imd committed him to the care of the tailor and
the hairdresser. This journey involved a drive
of si.vty miles. f)n the return they called at the
house of Thomjjson's mother, who, when she
saw him, is reported to have exclaimed, " Why,
Ben, my son, liow (;ould you go and lay out all
your winter's earnings in finery V" Thompson
was nineteen when he married, his wife being
thirty-three. — Tvnl)AI,i/s Colnt Humkokd.
3463. MAEEIAGE, Modes of. Romans. There
were three dilTerent modes by which mai'riage
{•oultl be contracted among the Romans. The
marriages of the pntricians were celebrated in
the i)reseuce of ten witnesses, and with a variety
of religious ceremonies peculiar to their order.
The plebeians married after two different forms :
the one was by a species of sale, emptio venditio ;
and the other by the simple cohabitation f)f
the parties for a year, which by law constituted
a marriage. — Tytlek's Hist., Book 3, ch. 6,
p. 340.
3404. MAREIAOE for Money. Ciferon. Clcp-
ro's f reednnin Tyro artirms that he married \\\%
second wife, after the divorce of his first, for her
wealth, that it nught enable him to ])ay his
debts. She was, indeed, very rich, and her fort-
une was in the hands of Cicero, who was left
her guardian. As his del)ts were great, his
friends and relations persmided him to nntrry the
young lady, notwithstanding tlic; disparity of
yi-ars, and .satisfy his creditors out of her fortune.
— Pmtaiuii's Cickuo.
3405. . Lovdjlyroi). Having sipmn-
dered his own fortune and tliat of his first wife,
and incurred Inunense debts, \w. ca.st his eyes
upon Miss Catherine Gordon, a silly, romantic
S<otch girl of amient fa'uily and large fortvme,
and ojx'nly avowed his intention to marry her for
the .sole i)uii«)se of paving off his debt:4. In
money, stocks and land, the young lady ik)s-
sessMi pro])erty equal to about a quarter of a
nullion of our dollars, all of which, with her
hand and Iwart, she iKsstowed up<ui this hand-
some, fascinating, and despicable di'bauchee.
Before tlie honeynwon was over a crowd of
creditors <'ame upon the husband of this fine
estate. First, all the r(>a(ly money was paid
away — £3(K)0. Next went tlie bank si ock and
fishery shares— £1 000 more. Then, £1500 wort h
of tijulRT was cut from the estate and sold.
Ne.xt, £8000 were raised by a mortgage on the
estat«', and all i)aid to creditors. Finally, when
they had been married less than two years, the
<'state was sold, and all the money which it
yielded was poured into the bottomless pit of
Captain Byron's debts, except a, small sum ue-
cessarv to secure Mrs. Bj'ron the annual pittance
named above. "When he had wrung from her
all that she i)ossessed, and even made away with
jiart of her little annuity, he abandoned her and
went off to the continent, leaving to her care
their only son, a boy three years of age. . . . She
loved him to the last. — Cvclopkuia ok Biou.,
p. 290.
3466. . CJdvalry. The old days
were passed, when the kiught knelt at the feet
of his lady-love, and went forth to the tourna-
ment to challenge men to produce her equal in
beaut}' and virtue. The knight now ascertained
what portion the lady's father woidd give, and
he bargained for the uttermost crown. The
mother made no hesitation in speaking boldlj' to
a powerful jierson for a daughter, " to get for
her one good marriaire if he knew any." [a.d.
14.-j(M485.]— Kmght's Enu., vol. '2, ch. 8.
p. 123.
3407. MARRIAGE without Money. Tlifmis-
todcK. Two citizens ('ourtiug his daughter, he
preferred tlu; worthy nuui to the rich one, and
as.signed this reason — he had rather she should
nave a man without money than money without
a man. — PuTAiuir's Cickuo.
346§. MARRIAGE, Morals in. Humvel Johv-
son. " In religion men and women do not con-
c(!rn them.selves nmch about difference of opin-
ion ; and ladies set no value on the moral
character of men who pay their addresses to
them ; the greatest profligate will be as well
received as the man of the greatest virtue, and
this by a very good woman, by a woman who
says her jmiyers three times a day." Our ladies
endeavored to defend their sex from this charge.
MARRIAGE.
409
but he roiired them dowa. " No, no ; a lady will
take Joimtlmii Wild uh readily aa St. A\i.stiii, if
lie hius three-iH'nco more ; iind, what is worse,
her parents will give her to him. Women have
a periM!timl envy of our vices ; they are less
vicioiirt tliiin we, not from ehoice, bnt because we
restrict thcni ; tliey are the slaves of order and
fashion ; their virtue is of more consetjuence to
iifl than our own, so far as concerns thia world."
— Bowwkj.l's Johnson, p. 522.
34(19. . Needful. When a propo-
.sal was made to Oliver Cromwell that Charles
[II.] should marry his dauffhter, the l-h-otector
objected his " d«'l)auched life" as an insuiwra-
ble ditticulty. — Kniuht's Eng., vol. 4, eh. 14,
p. 2;n.
3470. MARRIAGE, Kame by. Charles IT.
Charles, wiiile a wanderer on the Continent, had
fallen in at the Hague with Lucy Walters, a
Welsh girl of great beauty, but of weak undcr-
.standing and dissolute manners. She became
his mistress, and presented him with a son. A
sTispicious lover might have had his doubts ; for
the lady had several adnnrers, and was not sup-
posed to l)e cruel to any. Charles, however,
readily took her word, and poured forth on little
.lames Crofts, as the boy was tlien called, an
overflowing fondness, such as seemed hardly to
belong to that easy but cool and careless nature.
Socm after the Restoration the young favorite,
who had learned in France tlie exercises then
considered necessary to a line gentleman, made
his appearance at Whitehall, lie was lodgcnl in
the palace, attended by pages, and permitted to
enjoy several distinctions which had till then
been conlined to princes of tlie blood royal. He
was married, while still in tender j^outh, to Anne
Scott, heiress of the noble house of Buccleuch.
He took her name, and received with her hand
E)ssession of her ample domains. — Macaulay's
NG.. ch. 2, p. 233.
3471. MARRIAGE, Promoted by. By Govern-
ment. Majorian, the liomau emperor, conceived
that it was his interest to increase the number of
his subjects, and that it was his duty to guard the
purity of the marriage-l)ed ; but the means which
he employed to accomplisli these salutary pur-
poses are of an ambiguous and i)erhaps excep-
tionable kind. The i^ious maitls, whocon.secrate<l
their virginity to Christ, were restrained from
taking the veil till they had reached their fortieth
year. Widows under that age were compelled
to form a second alliance within the term of Ave
years, bv the forfeiture of half their wealth to
their nearest relations, or to the State. Uneciual
marriages were condennied or ainiulled. The
])unishnu'nt of contiscation and exile were
deemed so inadequate to the guilt of adultery,
that if the criminal returned to Italy, he migirt,
by the express declaration of ^Majorian, be slain
with impunity. — Gihhox's Romk, ch. 3(5, p. 471).
3472. MARRIAGE, Proposal of. By M'omni.
[Kadidjah became attached to Mahomet.] She
aid not dare, according to the Arabian usage, to
speak herself to him of her feelings. She had
it done by an old man attached to her house.
The message which she sent by him ran as fol-
lows : "My cousin, the relationship that exists
between our families, the precocious considera-
tion that surrounds thee, thy wisdom and thy
fidelity in the conduct of my caravans, combine
to make me desire to be thine." — Lamaiiti>'E'8
Tl'kkey, p. «4.
3473. MARRIAGE by Proxy. Anneof ffrittn-
ny. The yoimg duchess, . . . besieged by contend-
ing sintors for her hand, was at length induced,
by the counsels of l)unois,to favor tin? pretensions
of Maxinulian of Austria; and a marriage b('-
tween them was secretly solenmized by proxy in
the summer of 1400, all forms being carefully
ot)Herved on the occasion which could tend to
make the contract binding and irrevocable. —
Sti'dents' Fuance, ch. 12, § 13.
3jy.|. . Pt-inre ArtJiin: In 1490,
when [Pinnce] Arthur had reached his twelfth
year, tli«' marriag(! ceremony was performe<l,
the Spanish princess being represented bv pn)xy .
tShe was Catherine of Aragcm.] — IvNronT's
3n'o. , vol. 2, ch. lii, p. 235.
3475.
Llarellyn — EJlen norn. Be-
fore the death of the widow of Leicester [Simon
de Montfort], in 1275, the young Eleanora [her
daughter] was married bv proxy to f Llewellyn]
the Welsh prince, who kept that laith to the
poor and exiled orphan which he had vowed in
the days of her prosperity. — Knight's Eng.,
vol. 1, ch. 25, p. 383.
3470. MARRIAGE, RfloklessneaB in. Princess
Iloharia. [SeeNo. 343(>.] Her impatience of long
and hopeless celilMicy urged her to embrace a
strange and desjierate resolution. The name of
Attilu was familiar and fornudable at (Jonstan-
tiuople ; and his fre(juent embassies enterfaine*!
a perpetual intercourse between his cam]) and
the imperial palace. In the pursint of love, or
rather of revenge, the daughter of Placidia sac-
riticwl every duty and every prejudice, and of-
fered to deliver her person into the arms of a
barbarian, of whose language she was ignorant,
whose figure was scarcely lumian, and whose
religion and manners she abhorred. By the min-
istry of a faithful eunuch she transmitted to At-
tila a ring, the pledge of her affetlion, and
earnestly conjured him to claim her as a lawfid
spouse, "to whom he had been .secretly betroth-
ed. These indecent advances were received,
however, with coldness and disdain. — Gibboks
Ro.ME, ch. 35, p. 431.
3477. MARRIAGE of Relatives. MuhJle Ages.
The subserviency of . . . [liobert II.] to the domi-
neering spirit of the popedom had its natural ef-
fect in exciting the holy fathers to further exer-
cises of authority. Robert had been exconunu-
nicated for marrying his relation ; and his.graud-
son, Philip I., was excommunicated for rlivorc-
ing a lady who was his relation, to make waj'
for a mistress. Of all the sui)erstilions of these
times, it was not the least prejudicial to the wel-
fare of States that the marriage of relations, even
to the seventh degree, was prohibited by the
Church. Henry, the father of Philip I. of France,
to whom almost all the sovereigns of Euroix;
were related, was obliged to seek a wife from
the barbarous cmjiin^ of Russia. — Tytleu's
Hist., Book 6, ch. 7, p. 123.
347S. MARRIAGE repeated. Julius Camr. It
is characteristic of the manners of the age that
Julius Ca'sar had married four times, Augustus
thrice, Tiberius twice. Gains thrice, Claudius six
times, and Nero thrice. Yet Nero was the last
410
MARRIAGE,
of the Ciraars, even of the adoptive line. No
(ie.scend«nt,s hud Hurvived of tlio ofTspriii/f of so
many unions, and, as Merivaie sa^s, " u large
[)roporti()n, which it would he tedious to culcu-
ate, were the victims of domestic iealousv and
jtolitic assassination." — F.vuuau's Laiily Days,
ch. 1, p. 13.
3479. HARBIAOE, Repetition of. ContUmmd.
The primitive ideas of tlie merit and holiness of
celibacy were preached hv tlie monks and en-
tertained by tlic Gre(!ks. Marriage wius allowed
as a necessary means for the projjagation of man-
kind ; after the death of either ^)arty the sur-
vivor might .satisfy, by nueroiid union, the weak-
ness or the strength of the Hesh ; but a third
marriage was censured as a state of legal forni-
cation ; and n fourth was a sin or a .scamlal as yet
unknown to the Christians of the East. — Giu-
bon's Rome, ch. 48, p. (502.
34§0. MABRIAOE, 'Roma.ntio.Gnri/ialdi.Onco,
when in a melancholy mood, after seeing six-
teen of his beloved Italian comrades perish by
shipwreck, he thought to relieve his sadness by
marrying. Ho caught sight in a window of a
graceful female form, lie knew not who she
was, nor to what family she belonged ; but
something t./ul him that slu; was the destined
woman. A friend introduced him that very day,
and ere many weeks had rolled by he was her
husband. In many a rough campaign she
marched by his side ; on many a voyage she
shared his cabin ; and she died, at last, of fa-
tigue and exjiosure in Italy, leaving three chil-
dren to mourn her loss. The great, soft-hearted
Garii)al(li has ever since reproached himself bit-
terly for having taken her away from her safe
and hap])y home to share the lot of a soldier of
liberty. Over her dead body, he says, he prayed
for forgiveness for the sm of taking her from
liome. She, however, had never rei)incd, but
really seemed to enjoy the life of battle and
adventure which herhusbanil led. — Cycloi'KDIA
OF Bi6(j., p. 495.
3I§1. MARRIAGE, Second. SmntidJohiiaon.
A gentleman who had been very unhappy in
marriage married immediately after his wife
died. Johnson said [to Dr. Maxwell] it was the
triumph of hojie over experience. — Boswell's
JoiiNsox, p. 177.
34§3. . Samuel, TohiiHoii. When I
censured a gentleman of my acquaintance for
marrying a second time, as it showed a disregard
of his first wife, he said, " Not at all, sir. On the
contrary, were he not to marry again, it might
be concluded that his first wife ha<l given him a
disgust to marriage ; but by taking a second
wife he pays the highest compliment to the first,
by showing that she made him so happy as a mar-
ried man that be wishes to be so a second time."
— BoswELi/s Johnson, p. 100.
3 1§3. MARRIAGE, Secret. Spartan. The Spar-
tan marriages were performed in secret ; the hus-
band stole away, or forcibly carried away, his
wife ; she was dressed for some time in man's ap-
parel, to conceal her ; while the husband contin-
ued to sleep as u.sual in the public dormitories
with his companions, and to see his wife only by
stealth, till the birth of a child made him known
at once as a husband and a father. — Tytlek's
Hist., Book 1, ch. 9, p. 94.
3'l§'l. MARRIAGE seonred. Auction. Herodo-
tus . . . relates a singular practice which pre-
vailed among the A.ssyrians with respect to mar-
riage, though it seems to have a natural founda-
tion in the custom above mentioned, which pre-
vailed in most of the ancient nations. In every
village, .says that author, they brought together
once in the year all the young women who were
marriageable, and the public crier, beginning
with the most beautiful, put them up to auction
one after another. The rich paid a high prici;
for those whose figure seemed to them the most
agreeable ; and the money raised by the .sale of
these was assigned as a jwrtion to the more
homely. When it was their turn to be jiut \\\^ to
sale, each woman was bestowed on the man who
was willing to accejit of her with the smallest
portion ; but no man was allowed to carry otf
the woman Ik; had purchased, unless lu; gave .se-
curity that he would take her to wife ; and if
afterward it happened that the husband for any
cause put away his wife, he was obliged to pay
back the money he had received with her. —
Tytlek's Hjst., Book 1, ch. 3, p. 24.
34§5. MARRIAGE, Selection in. I}uman/>.
The Russians, who liavt; liorrowed frr)m the
Greeks the greatest part of their civil and eccle-
siastical policy, preserved, till the last century,
a .singular institution in IIk! marriage of the
Czar. They collected, not the virgins of every
rank and of every province — a vain aii<l roman-
tic idea — but the daughters of the ]>rineipal no-
bles, who awaited in the jialace the choice of
their sovereign. It is afflrmed that a similar
method was adopted in the nujitials of Theophi-
lus. With a golden apple in his hand, he slowly
walked between two lines of contending l)eau-
ties ; his eye was detained by the charms of
Icasia, and in the awkwardness of a first decla-
ration, the prince could only ob.serve that, in
this world, women had been the cau.se of much
evil. "And surely, sir," she pertly replied,
" they have likewi.se been the occasion of much
good." This affectation of un.sea.sonable wit
(li.splea.sed the imperial lover ; he turned a.side
in di.sgust ; Icasia concealed her mortification in
a convent ; and the modest .silence of Theodora
was rewarded with the golden apple. — Gibbon's
Ro.ME, ch. 48, p. 594.
34§6. MARRIAGE, Sensational. Luther. The
wedding ceremony took place in the custo-
mary manner. Bugenhagen pronounced them
man and wife, and added God's blessing. The
wedding-rings of Luther and Catharine, the gift
of a friend, have been preserved in the Museum
of Brunswick. They are artistically made, and
bear the inscription, " AVhat God hath joined
together, let nf)t man put asunder." ... In a
fortnight thereafter the usual wedding festivities
were lield, to which Luther invited his parents
and friends. From the imiversity liUther re-
ceived a finely engraved silver tankard, now in
p<isses.sion of the University of Greifswald. The
electoral court furnished a roast of veni.son, and
the city authorities a generous sui)ply of wine.
. . . And thus the unprecedented had happened
— an expelled monk had married a runaway
nun ! Great was the talk and the commotion
that en.sued ! Luther's enemies derisively re-
minded him of the old legend that of such a
uuiou Antichrist would be begotten. Many of
MARRIAGE.
411
liis best friends, Meliinclitlion nnionir tlu> niiin-
l)or, were troubk'd about bis act. — Rein's Lu-
TUEii, cb. 15, p. I'M.
34S7. MABBIAOE, A splendid. Priurf I{,i-
wrt. In l(U3tlu! inarriaiff of Eli/.iibclb of Kni^-
lan(l, tlio diiiif(btfr of Janios I., was solciimizcd,
in bcr sixtticnlb year, witli llio Pruicc Palatine,
tbc Elector of Hoiieniia. If wo niiiy j\id,i;i' from
conleniporaneoiis elironicles, tbc beauty of tliis
only surviving sister of (Jbarles was sinjiidar ;
hIh! was called tbo " Pearl of Uritain" and tbe
" Queen of lI(;artH ;" Avbile tbe cbarniing sym-
metry of lier form and features are said to bave
been enbanced by tlm cx(iuisile play of soft ex-
l)ression over lier face. It bas been said tbat
iiistory t)orrows tiic colors of romance wben sbe
])aintH tbis fair young princess on tbe morning
of ber marriage, as sbe passed along to tiu'
cbapel over a gallery rai'^'il for tbe i)urpose,
glowing in all tbe ligbts ol loveliness and maj-
esty, arrayed in wbite, ber ricb dark bair falling
over ber sbouldcrs, and on lier bead a crown of
pure gold ; one band locked in tbat of ber
i)r()tber diaries, and tbe otlier leaning on tbe
arm of tbe old Earl of Nortliamptf)n ; ber train
of noble bridesmaids followed on ber steps. Jt
is said tbat England bad never seen tbe e(iual to
tbe sumptuous siilendor of tbis marriage ; tbe
bravery and ricbeswere incoiuparable, tlu; gold,
tbe silver, tbc pearls, tbc diamonds and every
variety of jewels. Tbc king's, queen's, and
prince's jewels were valued alone at £900,000
sterling. Tlien came magniticent nuiscpies, and
tbc mock tlglit upon tbe Tbames ; and tben
some gay mascpic reprc^senting tbe marriage of
tbc Tbames and tbe iibinc ; and at nigbt fire-
"work.s ))lazing over London. For tbe niarriagc;
■was very jtopular, and was sup])osed to be a
good omen for tbe cause of Protestantism. —
lloon's C'KOMWKi.i., cb. 9, p. 128.
34§g. MAREIAGE, Surprise by. Jofui Mi'I/on.
In tbc early part of tbc summer of 1048 Milton
took a sudden journey into tbe country, " no-
T)ody about liim certamly knowing tbe reason,
or tbat it was any more tlian a journey of reeiv-
ation." lie was adsent about am()nlb,'and wben
be returned be brougbt back a wife witb liim.
Nor was tbe bride alone. Sbe was attended " by
some few of ber nearest relations," and tbere
was feasting and celebration of tbe nui)tials in
tbe bouse in Aldersgate Street. . . . Milton, witb |
u poet's want of caution, or indifference to '
money, and witb a lofty masculine disregard of
tbe tem]ier and cbaracter of tbe girl be asked to
sbare bis life, came bomc witb bis bride in tri-
imipli, and beld feasting in celebration of bis
basty and ill-considered cboice. It was a be- i
ginning of sorrows to liim. — Milton, ijy M. (
Pattison, cb. 5.
34§9. MARRIAGE, Uncertain. Ii<ir/». »f Eli:
abeth. Wben Parker [Arcbbisop of Canterlnuy] :
Avas tirra in resisting tlie introduction of tbe cru-
cifix or of celil)acy, Elizabetb sbowed ber re-
sentment by an insult to bis wife. ^Married la-
dies were addressed at tbis time as "madam,"
luiinarricd ladies as " mistress ;" but tbe mar-
riage of tbe clergy was still unsanctioned by law,
for Elizabetb liad refused to revive tbe statute of
Edward by winch it was allowed, and tbe posi-
tion of a priest's wife was legally a very doubt-
ful one. When Mrs. Parker, therefore, ad
vanced at tbe close- of a sumi)tuous entertain-
ment at Lamlu'lb to take leave of tbe (|ueeii,
Elizabeth feigned a momentary hesitation.
" >bidam,"sbe said at last, " I may not call you,
and mistress I am loath to call you ; however, I
tbank you for your good cheer.'* — llinr. ok Eno.
Pkoi'iIe, 5; 70;{.
:i4f»0. MARRIAGE, Unendurable, .hhn Mil-
ton. In bis tbirly-tiftb year, just as tbe civil
war Avas actually beginning, be went into tbe
country, telling iio one the object of tbe jour-
ney. A moiitli after be returned home a mar-
ried man, bringing his wife with him. Sbe was
a good enough country girl, tbe daughter of an
old friend of Alilton's father, but as unsuitable
a wife for Jobn jSIilton a> any woman in Eng-
land. She was rather stupid, very ignorant,
fond of i)l('asure, accustomed to go to country
balls and dance with gay young ollicers, ^lil-
ton wasa gia\e, austere student, absorbed in the
weightiest ])ul)lic topics, and living oidy in his
books and in bis thoughts. Tbe jioor girl found
hisbor r so intolerably dull, tbat, after a sliort
trial ol it, sbe asked 'cave to go home for a
siiort visit, and, being at home, sbe ixisitively
refused to go back, lie was not less disgusted
with ber ; and bis stilTcrings leading him to study
tbe great (piestions of niarriag ■ and divorce, lu;
came to the conclusion tbat divorce ougbt to be
about as free and about as easy as marriage. He
j)ul)lisbed divers panii)blets on tbis subject, tbe
substance of which is tbis : tbat wben man and
wife, after a fair and full trial, find tbev cannot
live together .a jicace, and holli deliberately
clioosc to sei)ai'ale, there ought to be no legal
olistaclc to their doing so, provided always
tbat ])ropcr jirovisioii be made for tbe sujiport
and education (jf tbe children. — C'Yt i.oi'KUi.v ok
Uioo., J). 170.
3491. MARRIAGE, Unequal, ^^imnid John-
fi'>ii. A young lady, who bad married a man
much ber inferior in rank, being mentioned, a
(|ueslioii arose bow a woman's relations should
behave to her in such a .situation. ... 1 con-
tended that she ouulit to be treated with an in-
llexible steadiness of dis])leasure. . . . Johnson :
" JIadam, we must distinguish. Were I a man
of rank, I would not let a daughter starve who
had made a mean nnirriage ; but baying volun-
tarily degraded herself from tiie station which
she was originally entitled to hold, I would sup-
port her only in tbat which .she hcself bad clio-
.sen, and would not ])Ut her on a level witb my
other daughters. You are to consider, madam,
that it is our duty to maintain tbe subordination
of civilized society ; and when tbere is a gross
and shameful deviation from rank, it should be
l)unislied so as to deter others from tlie same
perversion." — Uoswki.l's Joiinj^on, p. 241.
3492. MARRIAGE, Unfit for. SninidJohn-
so7i. ^larriage is tbe best state for man in gen-
eral ; and every man is a worse man in propor-
tion as he is unfit for the married state. — Bos-
wkll's Johnson, p. 282.
3493. MARRIAGE, Unhappy. Shakespenre.
Now we come to tlie great calamity of Shake-
speare's life. One of bis father's friends was
Richard HatliaAvay, a substantial farmer near
Stratford, who had a daughter, Anne, eight
years older than Shakespeare. When he was a
l)oy of eighteen and she a woman of twenty-six
412
MAHlUAOK-MAHTVIt.
thi'y were nmrricd ; and five nuuith.M iiflcr llicir
tirst child wit-i l)i)i'ii. No one wlio iitiH iiiiicli
kiiowlcdj,^!' (if liuiimn iiMliirc iiccils any evidence
that such a nianiai:" was a ceaseless misery and
ttlianie to liini as U>u^ as lie lived. 'I'he inaiiy
])as.sai;es of his woriis in which unl'avoralile views
are iriven of the female charai.'ter reveal the
nielancholv Iriilh. 'I'lnt ill-slarred couple liad
three children, .Susamia, Haninel, and Judith,
all of wliom were horn lii'fon! Ilie father was
tweiilvone — the two last-named beim; twins.
. . . 'I'here is a ^xmI rea.sou to believt! that from
his tweiity-llrst year he had never been a hus-
liand to his wile, and really had no lu)me. —
C'VCl.OflCUIA (IK HlOd., p. ^7.
3'I9J. MARRIAGE, Uniafe. ^f<ln/ Queen of
Se<ilx. ISlu! was rej^arded as acces.sory to her
husbaiul's assa.ssination.) " Would jou like to
marry my .sister of Scotland ?" ironically asked
Elizalieth of the Earl of Norfolk, who wuh 1k'-
lieved to be Hnulleu by the charms of his pris-
oner. " .Ma(hini," replied the earl, horritiod at
such an idea, " I shall never espouse a wife
■whose husband cannot lay his head with safely
on liis pillow." — I^iAmautinkk MauyC^ikkn of
8('OTH, p. 38.
3495. MARRIAGE, Vow of. Ciptuiii Cmk.
Diirinj; on(! of Ids visits to Kn^rland ho married
u girl 11 ft eon years of a^^e, whom he liad held at
the baptismal font in lier infancy, and wlioni lie
had then .said he; would marry. Ho was inne-
teen when ho made thi^ vow, and tiiirty-four
■when he fulfilled it. Jle was a .sailor in a coal
shii> wlien he lield the baby in his arms at the
altar ; he was a rising naval officer when, to the
name altar, Ik^ led the blooniinj^ briile. — C'vci.o-
I'EDIA OF JJioo., p. UHO.
3'l«>«. MARRIAGE, A wicked. Mnry Queen
of Seats. [Hothwell assassinated Darnley, her
husband. Hee Xo. 2188.] She only refused Hoth-
"vvoll one tlung — tlie tutelage anil guardianshi])
of her son, who was kept at iStirling. Violent
and noisy quarrels took place about tliis at lloly-
rnod, even on tho evening lieforo the marriage
of the widow and her husband's a.ssa.s.sin. The
French ambassador heard the turmoil. Both-
well insisted, and the (jiieen, determined to re-
sist, called loudly for a dagger wherewith to kill
herself. " On the day after tho ceremony,"
■writes tho ambassador, " I perceived strange
clouds on the countenances both of tho queen
and her husband, which she tried to excuse, .say-
ing that if I saw her sad it was because she had
no reason to rejoice, desiring nothing but death."
— LaMAUTIXK's MaHY Ql'HKN OF ScoTs, p. 30.
3497. MARRIAGE, A worthy. John Ada, n».
A few days after .John .Vdams had been pre-
sented to George III. and (^ueen Charlotte, his
wife and daughter wer(^ obliged, by the estab-
lished eli(|uette, to take ])art in a similar cere-
mony. Mr. Adams luid an advantage over al-
most all tho revolutionary fathers in possessing
a wife who was fully his etjual in understantl-
ing. The wives of Washington and Franklin
were most estimable ladies, but thoy had no
intellectual tastes, and would hardly have held
their ground in a conversation upon literature
or science. ]SIrs. Adams, however, -vvas really a
very superior woman. Besides having an ample
share of Yankee .sense and shrewdness, besides
being an excellent manager and housckeeiier,
she was fond of books, poHwsM'd considendih)
knowledge, and wrote letters (juite as sprightly
and ( ntertaining, and much more sensible and
instructive, than those of Aladame de Sevigno or
Lady .Mary Worthy Alontagu, who an! so fa-
mous for tlieir letters. When we read her ex-
cellent eiiistlcs, we can hardly believe, what is
nevertheless true, that she was lM)rn and bred In
a country |)arsonag(! in New England, and never
went to school one day in her life. !Sh(! owed
her excellent education wholly to her parents
and relations, and to her own remarkable (piick-
ness of mind. — Cyci.oi'kuia of JJioo., p. 180.
3498. MARRIAGES, Mixed, liomanit. A Inst
regard to tin; purity of descent preserves the, har-
mony of public and private! life ; but tin; niixturo
of idreign blood is the fruitful .source of disorder
and discord. Such had ever been the opinion
and practice of the sage Itomans ; their juris-
|)rndeiK;e pro.scribed the marriage of a citizen and
a stranger ; in the days of freedom and virtue a
.senator Would have scorned to match his daugh-
ter with a king ; tho glory of iMark Antony was
sullied by an r^gyptian wife; and tho Emperor
Titus was coni|)elled, by populur censurt', to
dismiss, with reluctance, the reluctant Berenice.
This perpetual interdict was ratitied by the fab-
ulous Kiuiction of tho great Conslantine. — Giu-
uon's Uo.mk, ch. 51, p. 359.
3199. MARRIAGES, Roman. CiiitiomH. Ex-
j)erience hns proved that savages are the tyrants
of the female sex, and that the condition of
woman is usually .softened by theretinements of
social life. In the hope of a robust jirogeny,
Lycurgus had delayed the season of marriage ;
it was fixed by Nunia at the tender age of twelve
years, that the Boman husband might educate to
his w ill a ptire and obedient virgin. According
to tho custom of anti(iinty, he liought his brido
of her i)arents, and she fulfilled the cm'niption by
]nirchasing, with three pieces of (()pi)er, a just
introduction to his house and liousehold deities.
A sacrifice of fruits was offered by the ]M)ntiffs
in the ])re,scnceof ton witnesses ; the contracting
parties were seated on thesaniosheeivskin ; they
tasted a .salt cak(! af fir or rice ; and ihiseonftr-
iriition, which denoted the ancient food of Ital}',
serv(.'(l as an emblem of their mystic union of
mind and body. But this union on the side of tho
woman was rigorous and unecpial ; and she re-
nounced the name and worship of her father's
hou.so to embrace a new servitude, decorated
oidy by the title of adoption, a fiction of the law,
neither rational nor elegant, bestowed on tin;
mother of a family (her proper appellation), the
strange characters' of sister to her own children,
and of daughter to her husband or master, who
was invested with the plenitude of j)aternal pow-
er. By his judgment or caiirice her l)ehavior
was a])pr()V('d or censured or cliastis»'d ; ho ex-
ercised the jurisdiction of life and death ; and it
was allowed that in tho cases of adultery or
drunkenness the .sentence might bo jjroperly in-
tlicted. She acejuired and inherited for tho solo
jnolit of her lonl ; and so clearly was woman de-
fined, not as a pernou, l)ut as a thing, that, if tho
original title were deticient, she miglit be claimed,
like other movables, by the ii»e. and possession of
an entire year. — Gibhon's Komk, ch. 44, p. 345.
3500. MARTYR, A false, lieiejn of ,T,inm IT.
[Rochester, the Lord Treasurer, had .sat ina tribu-
MAHTYU— MAUTVItS.
4i;i
f
mil wliirh prrHccutod the EsfubliHhcd Churcli ;
to N)iV(! Ills otDcc III' iifTccIrd to (li)ulit lirr ortlio-
tloxy. ISccOmcc, Love of. No. iWT4. | Vet he was
extolled by the i^reiit body of clmnhmeii us if he
hud been t\w bravcHt. and purest of inarlyi's, Tiie
Old and N(!W 'rcHtainenlH, the Marlvroloirjes of
HusebiiiH and of Fox, were runsacked to lliid
imrallels for hin heroie jiiety. llewnn Daniel in
tlu^ den of lions, Shadra(th in tlu^ llery furnace,
Peter in the dnnj^eoii of Herod, I'anI at the bar
of Nero, Ij^natiuH in the amphitheatre, Ijilinier
at the HUike. — MArAiJi^.vvs Kno., eh. (1, ]). 144.
.1501. MARTYR, A sinful, /."i-d Cfntirhill.
The most remarkable letter was from ('hurehill.
It wim written with that nalin'alelo((Menee which,
illiterate a.s he wa.s, he never wanted on jrreat oc-
casions, and with an air of inafrnanimity which,
perfidious as he was, he coidd with sinjiular dex-
terity assume. The Princiws Anne, he said, had
commanded him to assmo her illustrious rela-
tiv(!s at the Hague that she was fully resolved,
by God's help, rather to lose her lifirthan to be
guilty of apostasy. As for himself, his places
and the royal favor were aa nothing to him in
compari.son with his religion. He coiiclnded by
declaring, in lofty language, that, though he
could not jiretond to have lived the life of a. saint,
he .should 1)C found ready, on occa.sion, to die tlut
death of a martyr. — Macaulay'b Enu., ch. 7,
p. 240.
3503. MARTYRDOM coveted. Quakerit in
MdKHoc/tiiKrttn. Some of the (Quakers were ex-
travagant and foolish ; they cried out from the
windows at the magistrates and nuinster.s that
passed by, and mocked the civil and religious in-
.stitutions of the conntry. They riotonsly inter-
rupted jtiiblie worship ; and women, forgetting
the decorum of their sex, and clainung a divine
origin for their absurd caprices, smeared their
faces, and even went naked through the streets.
[Yet] ... a fault against manners may not
l)e punished by a crime against nature. — J3an-
cnoKT'rt U. S., vol. 1, ch. 10.
3503. . Earli/ Chnstuius. We can
more easily admire than imitate \\w fervor of
the first Christians, who, according to the lively
expression of Sulpicius Severus, desired martyr-
dom with more eagerness than his own contem-
jOTraries solicited a bi.shopric. . . . Some stories
are related of the courage t)f martyrs, who actu-
ally performed what Ignatius hatl intended, who
exasperated the fury of the lions, jiressed the ex-
ecutioner to hasten his oflice, cheerfully leaped
into the fires which were kindled to consume
them, and discovered a sensation of ,103' and
l>lcasure in the midst of the most exipiisite tor-
tures. — GimioN's RoMi:, ch. 16, p. 41.
3504. MARTYRDOM, Devotion to. John Knox.
Knox was the Savonarola of Edinburgh ; as
overbearing, poptdar, and cruel as he of Florence,
he .stood alone between the people, the throne,
and the Parliament as a fourth power, repre-
senting .sacred sedition — a power which claimed
a place side by side with the other powers of the
State ; a man more to be feared by the queen be-
.lause his virtue was, so to speak, a kind of fa-
natical conscience. To become a martyr or to
make martyrs for what he believed to be the
Cituse of God were to him indifferent. lie was
ready to give himself up to the death, and why
should he hesitate to devote others to the scaf-
fold ?— Lamaktinm:'m Maiiv Qfi;i:N* ok Scots,
p. 11.
3505. MARTYRDOM, Eminence hj. T/iom<in
Prr/iit. After a stormy parl<y with hint in bin
chamber, they withdrew to arm. Thomas was
hurried by hiselerks into the cathedral, biUasln*
reached the steps leading from thelPMnsepI to the
choir, his jjursuers iaiisl in from the cloisters.
"WlK're," cried Ueginnld I'Mlzurse, in the dusk of
the dimiy lighted minster — "where is the trai-
tor, Thomas IJecket ?" The primale turned res-
olut<!ly back : " Here am I, no traitor, but u.
priest of God," he rei)lied, and again descending
the steps, he jilaced himself with his back against
a pillar, and fronted his foes. All tht^ bravery
and violence of his old kiughtly life seemed to
revive in Thomas as he to.ssed back tlu! threats
and demands of his assailants. " Vou art; our
])risoner," shouted Fit/urse, and the four knight.^
seized him to drag him from the church. " Do
not touch me, Ueginald," crie<l the jjrimate ;
" pander that, you are, you owe me fealty ;" and
availing himself of his personal strength he shook
him roughly off. " Strike, strike," retorted Filz-
urse, and blow after blow struck Thomas to tli(!
ground. A retainer of Hamdf de Hroc with the
point of his .sword scattered the i>rimate's brains
on the ground. " Let us be oiT," he cried, tri-
umphantly ; " this traitor will never rise again."
The brutal murder was received with a thrill
of horror t.liroughout Christendom ; miracles
were wrought at the martyr's tond), he was
canonized, and became the most i)oi)ular of
English saints. The stately " martyrdom" which
rose over his relics at (.'unterbury seemed to em-
body the triumph which his blood had won. —
Hist, ok Enoi.isii Peoi'LK, i^ liiH.
3506. MARTYRS, Fanatical. DanatMn. Many
fanatics were possessed with the horror of life
and the desire of martyrdom, andtheydc'cmed it
of little ni nient by what means or by w hat hands
they perisi d, if their conduct was .sanctified by
the intentid.i of devoting themselves to the gloiy
of the true faith and the hope of eternal liai)i>i-
ness. Sotneflmes they rudely disturbed the fes-
tivals and profaned the temitles of pagaiusm
with the design of exciting the most zealous t)f
the idolaters to revenge tlie insulted honor of
their gods. They sometimes forced their way
into the courts df justice, and compelled the
affrighted jiidge to give orders for their im-
mediate execution. They frequently stopjied
travellers on the public highways and obliged
them to inHiet the stroke of martyrdom, by the
promise of a reward, if they consented, and by
the threat of instant death, if they refused to
grant so very singular a favor. When thej- were
di.sjippointed of every other resource, they an-
nounced the day on which, in the presence of
their friends aiid brethren, they should ca.st
themselves headlong from someloftv rock ; and
many precipices were shown which had ac-
quired fante by the mimber of religious sui-
cides. In the actions of these desperate enthu-
siasts, who were admired by one party as the
martyrs of God and abhorred by the other as
the victims of Satan, an impartial j)hilosopher
may discover the influence and the last abu.se of
that inflexible spirit which was originally de-
rived from the character and prificiples of the
Jewish nation — Gibbon's Rome, ch. 21, p. 363.
4U
MAHTYIIS-MASSACUE.
. I
%
E i
ff»07. MARTTR8, Firit. AV///*//. (Iiiir):.:.
.Tolin Ko^'crs wmh liiirnt at the Hliikc in Siiiitli-
lli'ld, li.'iwn'iict! Siiuiitlcrs was liuriit at Coven-
try, .luliri Hooper was Imrnl at (lloiiceHier. ami
Kowlaml 'I'avlor was hnrnt at lladlei^'li. TlieMc
Were four ol' the tlrst I'roleHtanl rnartvrs l)iirnt
in Knf^laiiil. | — Knkiiit's K.Nd., vol. U, eh. (I,
p. 7l».
»aO«i. MARTYRS, Miiiionary. .hsuit l',-in>lH.
Hreliieiir was set ajiart on a sealTolil. '{"hey (llie
Mohawks) cut his lower lip and his nose, applied
bnriiin^r torches to his hody, Imrned his jfuins,
and thrust hot iron down his throat. The deli-
<'ate lialleniand was stripped naked, and envel-
oped from head to foot with hark fidl of rosin.
Hroujj:ht into tht; iiresence of HrelKnif, he ex-
claimed, " We are made a spectacle nnto the
world, and to an^'els, and men !" 'I'he ])ine
bark was set on tire, and wlieii it was in a l)la/.e
l)oilin!r water was poured on the heads of hoth
the n.lssjonaries, 'riie voice of Lallemand was
choked liy tln! thick smoke ; but the tin; havinif
Biiapped (lis bonds, he lifted his hands to heav-
en. Mrebouf was scalped while yet alive, and
<licd after a torture of three hours ; the sulTerin;is
of l.alleniand were protracted for seventeen
liours. The lives of liolh had been a continual
heroism. — IJANcnoKr's I'. S., vol. W, eh. '..'().
JI50ff. MARTYRS tortured, Ihi \,'w. Imaii-
inc that awfid scene, once witnessed, ... in tho
H(|uare before St. I'eler's at Home ! Ima<:'ineit,
that we may realize how vast is thecliaiip' which
Christianity has wrought in the feelinurs of man-
kind ! There, where tlu( vast dome now ri.ses,
were once the jjardens of Nero. The}' were
thronfred with gay crowds, amonjj whom the
emperor movecl in his frivolous depfradation,
and on overv side were men dying .slowly on
their cross or shame. Along the i)aths of those
gardens on the autumn nights were ghastly
torches, l)lackening tlu^ ground beneath them
with .streams of sulphurous jiitch, and each of
those living torches was a martvr in Ins sliirt of
fire. And in the aniiihitheatre liard by, in sight
of twenty thou.sand spectators, famished dogs
were tearing to pieces .some of the best and i)ur-
ost of men and women, hideously di.sgui.sed in
the skins of bears or wolves. T^hus did Nero
bapti/o in tho blood of martyrs the city which
was to be for ages the capital of tho world ! —
F.viih.mi'h E.vHtA' I).\Ys, ch. 5, p. 39.
3510. MARTYRS, True. Surion Doctom.
Among the suppliants and captives Tiniour dis-
tingiushod tho doctors of the law, whom he in-
vited to tho dangerous honor of a personal con-
ference. ... To these do(;tors ho propo.sed a
captious ((uestion, which the cas>iists of Bokha-
ra, Samarcand, and Herat wore incapable of re-
solving. " Wlio are the true martyrs, of tho.so
who are slain on my side, or on that of my ene-
mies ?" But lie was silenced, or satisfied, by tho
dexterity of one of the cadhis of Aleppo, who
replied, in tho words of Mahomet him.self , that
tho motive, not the ensign, constitutes tho mar-
tyr ; and that tho Mo.sloms of either party, who
light only for tho glory of God, may Reserve
that sacred appellation. — Gibbon's Kome, ch. 65,
p. 262.
3511. MARVELS, Age of. Age of Thesevit.
It is principally on tlie ago of Theseus that the
Greeks have indulged their vein for the marvel-
lous. Kverlhing issiipernatni and every great
' man is either a god or a tiemi u'od. The most
probable source of this I conceive to be that the
princes, who had then iK'fome n^ally powerful,
I and exercised a high control over their sidijects,
I taking advantage of the superstitious character
I of the times, and of the people's credulity, as-
j Humed to themselves a divine origin, in order
the belter to supixirt their new authority. Hav-
ing at all limes the priests under their influence,
they could do this with great facility, by institut-
ing" religious rites in honor of their divine jiro-
genitoi's ; and if they could thus prevail so far
as to pass with their contemporaries for the otT-
spring of the gods, it is no wonder that the sue-
I ceeding ages should retain the same idea of them.
i — TvTi. Kit's HiHT., Book 1, ch. H, p. 70.
3514. MASQUERADE, Deadly. Chnrhi* Vf.
Till' young monarch was unfortunately sei/eil
with a deprivation of his intellects, which broke
out in the most dreadful tils of madness. 'I'he
' ignorance of men in those ages attriliuted this fa-
tal but natural calamity to the elTccts of witch-
I craft. .\n Italian lady, the wife of his brother,
' the DuUc of Orleans, was accu.sed as the author
of his misforliincs, and the suspicion was in-
creased by a very strange accident. In a mas-
[ (luerade at court the king ajipeared in the garb
of a wild man. coxcred with leaves, which were
stuck xvitli pitch upon a clo.se habit of linen,
I and he led in chains four other .satyrs, dres.sed in
tlie saiiK' manner. The Duke of Orleans, who
' held a burning torch, apiiroaclied accidentally
too near these combustible knights ; one of the
I habits took (ire, and tlu! four satyrs, who were
I four of till,' jirincipal nobility, were burnt to
I death. The king e.scai>ed with life, but was
I .seized with a dreadful tit of fren/y. To relieve
him, they .sent for a magiciaii from "Moiitpelier,
and he liecaiiu! .somewhat better. 'l"be fact wa.s,
his (li.seaso had lucid intervals, and in these
he sometimes resumed the management of his
kingdom — which was of the worst conseiiuence to
Franco, for no measure was ever juirsued to an
end or with stability. — Tvtlek'h Hist., Book 6,
ch. 13.
3513. MASSACRE, Evidence of. Louis TX.
The Oriental writers confess that Louis might
have escaped, if he would have deserted his sub-
jects ; he was made pri.soner, with the greatest
part of his nobles ; all who could not redeem
their lives by service or ransom were inhumanly
nia.s,saered ; and the walls of Cairo were deco-
rated with a circle of Christian heads. The king
of France was loaded with chains. [Attack
of C^ru.saders on Massoura.] — Gibbon's Romk,
ch. 59, p. 43.
3514,. MASSACRE, General. Goths. [Tli(>
Goths invaded Thrace.] After a long resistance,
Philippoiiolis, destitute of succor, was taken by
storm. A hundred thousand persons are report-
ed to have been massacred in the sack of that
great city. — Gibbon's Ko.me, ch. 10, p. 291.
3515. MASSACRE, Immense. Lmidon. Sue-
tonius Paulinus, under tho Emjieror Nero, . . .
[was sent against Britain.] Tho Britons, more
exasperated than intimidated, were all in arms,
and, headed by Boadicea, Queen of the Iceni, had
attacked several of tho Roman settlements. Sue-
tonius hastened to the protection of London.
The Britons, however, reduced it to ashes, mas-
MAHHA(,'HE— MAHHKrt.
41fi
anrred Uk; itiliiililtiintH thiit rcmnincd in it, ptit-
till); to (IcKth 7(),(XH) of tli(- ItoiiiiiiiH iitid tlu'ir iil-
llcH. SiictoiiiiiH ri'vciigcil lli('s«! loMMcs liy a (iccl-
«iv(! victory, ill wlilcii MO, (KM) Uriloiis ffil in tiio
fli'lci. Hoiidiccii, to cscaix! Hliivtry or uii l^no
ininoiiM (ii'iilli, put an cikI to iicr own iifi; l)y poi-
son. — Tvti.kk'h liisT., Uoolt (J, ell. T), p. lt)l.
!IA 10. MASSACRE by Mob. Pam. A.n. 14IH.
On tiic I21I1 of .liiiii> . . . till' pcopir liroke open
X\w prisons iind private lioiiscs wiicrc the Armaj,'-
lilies were eontlned, |aiidj iiiaMsaered l-'iOO vie-
tiniH in one inornliiK. — ivMoiiTM Eno., vol. 2,
ell. T), p. (18.
»A I r. MASSACRE of Patriot!, lim^m. On the
'itliof March u more serious dilllciiltv occurred in
lioston. An altercation had tal<en place lietween
ft party of ellizeiis iind the soldiers. A crowd
giitliere<l,Hurroiindi'd Captain I'reston's company
of the city ^iiard, hooted at them, and dared them
to tire. At li'iigth tlio exasperated soldiers dis-
charjfedii volley, killlnt; three of the citizens, and
■woundinj; several others. Tliis oulrajfe, known
ns the Boston massacre, created a profound sen-
Halion. The city was ahla/.e with e.vcitemeiit,
Heveriil thousami nieii assemi)led under arms.
Governor Hutchinson came out, promising that
justice should he done, and tryinj; to appease tlu!
multitude. Tlie hrave Samuel Adams spoke for
the i)eo|)l('. An immediate withdrawal of the
troops liom the city was demanded, and the
pivernor was ohliifed to yield. Captain Pres-
ton and liis company wen^ arrested and tried
for murder. Tliu prost-eution was conduete(l
witli ^'reat spirit, and two of the oll'eiiders were
convicted of nmnslauf,diter. — lUDr.VTu'a U. S.,
cli. 87, p. 21(4.
351N. MASSACRE prevented. Jit mestnw n.
Tlie .savages carefully concealed their murder-
ous purpose. I'ntil the verv day of the massacro
they continued on terms of friendship with the
English. They came unmolested into th(^ setlle-
ments, ato with their victims, liorrowed boats
and guns, made ])urchases, and Kiive not t hcslifrht-
cst t(»ken of liostility. The attack was iilaniied
for the 32(1 of March, at mi(hlay. At tlie fatal
liour tlin work of Initcliery licgan. Every ham-
let in Virginia was attacked liy a band of yell-
ing Imrbarians. No age, sex, or condition awak-
«'ned an emotion of pity. Men, women, and chil-
dren were indiscriminately slaughtered, until
847 bad perislied under the knives and liatch-
cts of the .savages. Hut Indian treachery was
thwarted by Indian faitlifulness. ... A con-
verted red man, wishing to .save an Englishman
[of Jamestown] who had been liis friend, went
to liim on the night liefore tlie ma.s.sacre, and
revealed the plot. Tlic alarm was spread among
the settlement.s, and thus the greater part of
the colony escaped destruction. But tlie outer
j)lantations were entirely destroyed. — Ridpatii's
U. S., eh. 11, p. 112.
3519. MASSACRE, Punished by. By Rumans.
^Wlien Warsaw capitulated, in 17y4, the Russian
commander SuwaroiT liad put to tlic sword
20,000 wretched inlialiitants of the .suburb of
Praga.] — Knight's Eno., vol. 7, ch. 17, p. 315.
3S30. MASSACRE by Treachery. Roman. The
punishment of a Roman city was blindly com-
mitted to the undistinguishing sword of the
barbarians, and the hostile preparations were
concerted with the dark and pertldious iirtltlce
of an illegal conspiracy. The |ieople of '1'hes.sa-
lonica were treacherously invited, in the namu
of their sovereign, to the games of tlie Circu8 ;
and such was their insatiate avidity for tiioso
ainiisemcnts, that every consideration of fear or
suspicion was disregarded by tlie mmu'roii.t
spectators. As soon as the assembly was com-
plete, the soldiers, who had secretly Ixcn post-
ed round the Circus, received the signal, not
of the races, but of a general ma.sNacre, Tlio
proinl.scuous i arnago continued tlirc(> hours,
without discrimination of strangers, of nalivcH,
of age or sex, of innocence or ii\\\\\ ; llu^ most
moderate accounts state the niiinlMi' of the slain at
7000, and it is atil ,ned by some writers that more
than IT), 000 viclins were .sacriliced to the maiicH
of Bolhcrlc. I'l'heodosliis was the emperor who
commanded it. |— OinitoNs Homi;, eh. 2(1, p. 114.
:i.VJ I. MASSACRE, Wholesale, .u/niroi. fWar
between the I'arthian and Koman emiilres. |
The sai'k and conllagration of Seleiicia, with the
massacre of !i00,000of the inhabitants, tareished
tlu^ glorv of the Itomaii triumph, — (Jiiuid.n'h
RoMK, ch. 8, p. 242.
SIAilil. MASSACRES, Religious, Fnnrfi R,r.
olntidii. ['I'Ik^ Ucvolutioiiisis, on the 2d of
September, 171(2, massacred 200 priests at lilt!
Church of De Cannes. | Throughout that night
of horror the city which two huniired and
twenty years before had been polluted by the
mas.Hacn^ of St. Bartholomew, at the command
of a crowned bigot, in the name of religion,
was again polluted by a mas.sacre as frightful,
at tli(^ command of furious demagogues, in
the name of Liberty. At tli(^ jirison of Abbaye,
after a few murders in tlu! afternoon, a general
slaughter look place as night drew on. (The
jirison of La Force was emiitied in the same man-
ner.] — Knkuit'h En(1., vol. 7, ch. 12, p. 220.
3S33. MASSES aroused. The. Ihi^olutidn. That
no act of his [Charles I.l should be wanting to
justify the oi)position of liis enemies, he went
next day to the House of (Jommons, attend-
ed by desperadoes — " .soldiers of fortune" — arr'
ed with partisan, pistol, and sword, to seize the
members denounced. Tills scene has been .so
often described that it were (piite a work of su-
pererogation to describe it again here. Let all
lie summed np in a word. Reconciliation be-
tween the king and the Parliament was now im-
possible. The privileges of the House had been
violated in a manner in which no monarcli had
dared to violate them Ix'fore. And xiich a par-
liament ! — men of the most distinguished cour-
age and intelligence in the kingdom. The mem-
bers he sought had escaped through the window.
They fled in lia.ste to the city. Thither the
most distinguished members of llie House fol-
lowed them. They were protected by the Com-
mon Council from the king, whohini.self follow-
ed them to the city, demanding tlieir bodies ;
but in vain. He was his own ofHcer, both of
military and police ; but as he went along, the
growls of " Privilege, privilege — privilege of
Parliament," greeted liim everywhere. One of
the crowd, bolder than the rest, approached his
carriage, shouting, " To your tents, O Israel !"
The king had given tlie last drop to fill up the
measure of contempt with which he was regard-
ed. He had struggled with his Parliament and
410
MAHSKrt-MATKIlNITV.
lir Wfti* miHticic.'wfiil. lIiTP was a hint fur n\u\\
iiK'ii III act upon ; and |M-tilir)nH fnun 'II luirtNiif
llic lunil {kiiii'imI in, fi'dni vaHt iMMJirH nf llic jm-o-
|>l<', (l<t taring llirir irilcntioii to hIiiikI l>y tiu;
'arliainrni : from coMnlifH, citirH, Iowiin, par-
IhIich, tmilcs ; till* iMirtcrs |M'litioiiiMi ; tlic wairr
men (u liter ratx, ('liarlcNcaileii tluinl itrlitinnrd.
And we may jratluT liie Ntale of doiueHiie < <iii
fiiNion from tlie farl llial tlie women |ielitione<l
'I'lie mind of tlie eoiinti'x was roiisnl a^'iiinst llie
monareli. Meantime tlie exlle«l memlierM were
tiroii^lit liiK'k in triiim)ili to the lloiiNe, aniiii
file |M'alin>f of miiiliid miixie, flairs wavin^r from
tlie iiiaNllieuds of all the vesHi'N on the river, tlie
inantH covered with HJioutini; HiiilorN, Mini the
luiijj pi'iM osMJoii of city har^res — for at lliiit day
inoHt ^real tiiiimithai prix-esNions took place on
tlie 'I'liamcH ; and wliiie the five inemlNrH step
|M'd into the llowMe, the ilous)' tislnj; to rei-eive
Miem, Charles lied to Hamjilon Court, nor did
lie Nee IiIn palace at WliileliNll airaiii until he he
held it Hs a priHoner, antl nleiiped from its lian-
(luetiiijc liouHi) to the MalVold. — Huoo'h Ciu>m-
■\VKi.i., ell. 4, p. IM).
ffAtll. MASSES overlooked. Jh/ IliMon'oiiH.
'Nolhinjj liiiM yet lieeii nnid of the j^reat body of
the |N'ople — of tlume who held the ploiii^li and
tended llie oxen ; who toiled at the looms of Nor-
wich and N({uared the I'oiilaiid Niotie for Ht.
Paul's ; nor can very much Iw said. The most
liumeroiiH class in precisely the class res[>eclinij
which we have the most meairrc information. In
those times |of th<' Uestoriition] philanthropists
did not yet re|;ard it as a sacred duty, nor had
demn>ro>;ues yet found it a lucrative trade, to ex-
imtiate on the distress of tin; lahorer. History
was to > much oc('U)>ied willi courts and camps
to span a line for the hut of the jieasant or for
the ^jiirret of the mixhanie. — Macailay'h Enu.,
til. :i, p. :w.').
SAX'}. MASSES, Power of the. St„mp Art. The
Isl of Novemlier came. ( )n that day the Stamp
Act was totakeelTeet. DuriiiLT the summer j^reat
(juantitie.s of tlie stamped jiaper had heeii pre-
pared and sent to America. Ten bo.xes of it were
wd/ed liy the ik'ojiIc of New York, and o])eiily de-
Ktroyed. In ('onne^-ticut the stanip-()tlle(!r was
fhreateiii'd with haii^iiiLf. In Boston liou-ses
•were destroyu<l, and the stamps j,dven to the winds
aud tlaines. Whole cartroes of llio obnoxious
j)a]>er weJeshipjied to Eivirland,uiid every stamp
otlicerin America was oblifred to resif;n or leave
tlie country. Hy the 1st of November there were
wiarcely stjunps eiiou^^li reniainiiiij: to fiirnisb af-
ter times with sikjcIiiK'Hs. The day was kept as a
day of mourning. The stores were <'losed ; flails
were hung at half mast ; the bells were toUen ;
t'tUgies of the authors and alienors of the Stamp
Act were borne about in mockery, and then burn-
ed. The peojile of New Hampshire formexl a
funeral prooes-sion and buricul a coHln Ixyiring the
in.srription of Liberty. A cartoon was eirculat<'d
liintingat union as thi; remedy for exl.sting evils.
Tlie picture rejjreseuud a siiako broken into sec-
tions. Each joint was lalK^lled with the initials
of a colony ; the head was marked " N. E." for
New England, and the title was " Joiii, or Die!"
— lliDPATiis U. S., cli. 87, p. 291.
Sft'ie. . BoKton Tea Party. On the
16th of December the dispute was settled in a
memorable manner. There was u great town
meeting, ul which seven thousand people were
Hcmhled. Adams and (jiiincy r<|Nike to the mul-
titudes. Kvening <-ame on, and the meetiiiu' wim
iilioiil to adjourii when u wiir-wluMio was heard,
and nlMiiit fifty men, disguised as IndiMiis, pasNett
the door lA tlie Old South Church. The crowcl
followed to (JrilUn s wharf, where the three tea-
ships were at anchor. Then ever\ tiling; became
• piii't. The dls)fuised men qiiicklv boarded flm
Vessels, broke oiien the three hiiiidreil and forty
chests (d' tea tliat composed the cargoes, aiirl
IMilired the contents into the sea. Such Wjis tlio
MoHtoii Tea i'urlv. — {{idi'atii'm \ . S., ( h. \M,
1), :.'lt:,.
3A'J7. MATERIALISM oorrectoit. Jl, i,!,iiiiiii
Fill Ill/ill. lie has been culled the I'epreseiitatiVM
of materiiilisiii ; and yet Mheii he llioiiKht on re-
ligion, his mind |Missed beyond reliance on sectd
to faith In God ; when he wrote on ]ioliti(s lio
founded the freedom of his country on principle*
that knew no change ; when he turned an observ-
ing eye on nature he pas.sed always from tin; ef-
fect to the cause, from individual appearances
to universal laws. — UA^c iiorTM I'. S., vol. a,
• h. :.':j.
».1)IM. MATERNITY, Mlniculoui. AV/V/n of
JniiifK II. [It was sus|K'eted that Calliolic.Iftnien
intended to produce asi»uriou8 lieir. 1 The folly
of some Homan Catholics conflnned the v^ilgar
prejudice. They spoke of the nuspiciout4 event
as strange, as miraculou!«, as un exertion of tlio
same Divine power which had niada Sarah
|)roud and hafipy in Isaac, and had given Samuel
to the prayers of Hannah. Mary's mother, the
Duchess of Alodeiia, had Intel' died. A short
time hefore her deiitli she lia(' was Raid, im-
plored tho Virgin of lioretta, ^'erveiil vowa
and rich offerings, to besto^ <iii James.
Th(! king himself had, in tlu; preceding August,
turned asi<l(; from his jirogress to visit the Holy
Well, and had there besought Saint Winifred to
obtain for him that boon without which his great
designs for tlu; jiropagation of the true faith
could be but imperfectly executed. The impru-
dent Kealots who dwelt on these talcs foretold
with contldeiice that the unborn infant would bo-
il boy, and offered to back their opinion by lay-
ing twenty guineas tooiie. Heaven, they atlirm-
ed, wouhi u<it have interfered but for a girat
end. One fanaiic announced that the (jueeii
would tfive birth to twins, of whom the elder
would Vie King of England, aud the yotuiger
Popiuif Home, [tiueeii] Mary could not «'oiiceal
the delight with which she heard this proiiliecy ;
and her ladies found that they could not gratify
her more than by talking of it. The Homim
Catholics would have actt;d more wisely if they
had spoken of the pregnancy as of a natural
event, and if they had borne with motleratiou
their unexpwted good fortuue. Their insolent
triumph excited the jxipular suspiei<ins. From
the I'riuce and I'rincess of Denmark down to
I)orters and laundresses, nobody allndeti to tbo
Eromi.sed birth without a sneer. Tho wits of
london described the new miracle in rhymes
which, it may well be supposed, were not the
most delicate. The rough country squires roared
with laughter if they met any one simple enough
to believe that the queen was really likely to
be again a mother. — Macaulay's Esq., ch. 8^
p. 287.
MATEUMTY-MKCnANICM.
417
!IA«>. MATERNITY, Paulon of. nnli'tn .S/i/.iir.
TIk* M|im\v luvi'H lirr chilli with iitsiiiullvt' pan
hIoM ; mill if hUv iliM'N mil maiiifcNl it hy lively
CHrt'HttfH, lirrtciiiicriH'NN is rciil, wakrt'iil, iiiul coii'
Mtunt. Nil MuviiKc inolhcr rvrr IniMtcil licr I)iiIm'
to H hirciinK iiiii'Mtt : no mmvmk*' niotlicr i-vcr |Uit
HWikV her own rliliil to Miirkli' that of ahollier. —
Uan( HoKTM r. H.. vol. II, «h. 2'i.
:iAaO. MATHBMATIOB, Aoouraoy In. AV/.y/i
titiii*. 'I'll)' arts anil srirncrH arr iiiilfcil no inti- |
innti'ly conni'i-li'il, liiat Iht-re can It** no ^rcat
prr>v'r)'>4N in the one wilhuiit ii proiMirtionai ail i
VHiMi'incnl in tin' other ; as, fur example, arilil- I
te«'tiire, whlcii rei|iiii-esa knowleiljfeot >fe«)inetry ;
anil the laws of mechanics ; Hie working of
metals, 11111111;. which presiippose iin iicipiaint
ance Willi cliemicMl principles. " When we see,"
wiVM .Millot, " tile l'])ify III inns surveyini,' Iheir lamU ;
with precision, tlisirilxilini; Ilie waters of the
Is'ileliy niiinlierless ciinals, measiiriii;; with exact- I
ness ihe increase of Ihe river, making anil em-
ploying various species of machinery, ineasiirinL;
time, and calciilalin;; Ihe revoiiitiuiis of the stars, I
we mnsi suppose tlieni to have altaiiieil aeon- >
Hideraliki prollciencv in tiie science of miilhe-
inalics. 'I he I'lt'ypifans unilerstooil Ihe (Uvision
of the zodiac inio twelve siitns, which ar^fnes ,
H coiisidcriilile advancement in astronouiv." —
Tvti,i;ii'h llisr,, Mook l,ch.4, p. IV.
».i:il. MATHEMATICS, Defloienoy in. South
Ami riiui UK. 'I'lie Aliipoiiians, a Irilie of South
Anurican Indians whoinhaliil a district in I'ara-
guay. can go no further tliim three in counting.
— Ai'i'i.KroN's ('v( i.tH'Ki , " Aiiiro.MANrt."
IW.Vi. MATHEMATICU, Oeniui for. /Ai-uh Col
burn. During this tirst year of his exiiiliition
he .solveil such questions us the following, in
periods of time varying from thriH) soconds to
one minute: " How manv M'conds are therein
aOlM) years?" Answer : 6;J, 072, IMK»,()(K). "How
many strokes will a clock strikf; in 2(M)() years 't"
Aaswer: li;},HH(),(M)t). "What is the pnaluct
of 12,225, mulliplieil hy 122:j V" Answer ; 14.-
»51,17.">. "What is the wpian! of 1441I ?" An-
swer : 2,091), tlOl. " In seven acres of corn, with
17 rows to each acre, 04 hills to each row, 8 ours
to each hill, and li")!) kernels to each ear, liow
many kernels are there?" Answer: 9, WW, 200.
Practice gave him greater facility. The next
year he juTformed such i)rol»leins as these :
" How many hours are there in IHll years?"
Answer (in twenty .seconds) : l,'),Htt4,;iU0. " How
many seconds in 11 years?" Answer (in four
fieconds) : ;j4(i.S9(l,()00. ' ' What sum, nniltiplied
by itself, will produce 998,001 ?" Answer (in
three seconds) : 999. " How many hours in 38
years 2 months and 7 days?" Answer (in six
seconds) : ;5:U.488. . . . The number 4,294,967,-
297 was proposed to him to find the factors.
Now, certain French matheinaticians had assert-
ed tliat this was a prime inind)er ; but the Ger-
man, Euler, had discovered that its fat^tors are
641 and «,700,417. This wonderful boy, then
aged eight years, by the mere operation of his
mind, named the factors in about twenty sec-
onds. — CvcLorKui.v OF Hioii., p. 83.
33»3. MATHEMATICS, Precocity in. Zerah
Colhuim. [When a little boy si.v yearsof age, in
Lis Vermont home, his father, having overheard
him sny, " Three liines twelve are thirty-six,"]
talf in jokelica3Kev3 him: " How much is 13
T/iitrh'nijf,
I The linker
'J'he cobbl<>r
Ho at hiHt ik
ietv
All
ltiiieNtt7?" The boy iniitanlly gave the correct
anawcr, I2B1. " I could not liavo been iiuiro
Miirprlsed," Ihe fiitlu-r uiM-d to itay, "if a man
liaii Mpruiig out of the earlli and mIoimI erect lie-
fore me." . . . The boy who could not t4'll a 4
from a 9 |ioMNeKs<il the |Miwer of multiplying
four llgurcM by four llgureH. with unerring Cer-
tainly, in about ten hi coihIh. — l'v« i,oi*kI)IA or
liioo., p. 79.
:|A:I4. MEANNXSS, Hatrod of.
IHeeCrilicism, .Mania for, .No |:II0.
IhinkN llial everv |miI is unsound,
doubts Ihe .stability of every sIhk'.
grew to Im' ilie case willi Thackeray. 'I'liere wan
more hope that the city should be saved U'caiise
of Its ten just men, than I'or .soci-'ly, if society
Were to dciM'iid on ten who were n.'t snubs,
this arose ti'om Ihe keciMicss of his visimi into
that whicli was really mean. Miil thai keenness
became so aggravated by Ihe inleiiscness nf his
search that Ilie slightest speck of dust iM'caiiie to
his eyes as a foul slain. I'ublicola, as we saw,
damned one [loor man to a wretched Immor-
tality, and iinolher was called pitilessly over
the coals becnus<> be had mixed a grain of
tlatlery willi a bushel of truth. Thackeray tells
us that he was Itorii lo hniil oul snobs, ascertain
dogs are trained to llnd truMles. — Thoi.i.oI'Jc'h
TlLVCKKUAY, ch. 2.
:ia:iA. mechanics deiplied. Airhmnki.
Kinglliero . . . enlrented him to turn his art
from abstracted notions to matters of .sense, and
to niaki! his reasoidngs more intelligible to the
generality of mankind, applying them to the uses
of common life. 'J'he lirsl that turned their
thoughts to mechaiiirx, a branch of knowledge
which came afterward to be so much admired,
were Eudoxus and Archytas, who thus gave a
variety and an agre«'able turn to geometry, and
confirmed certain jiroblenis by sensible experi-
ments and the use of instruments, which could
not Ik! demonstrated in the way of theorem.
That problem, for example, of two mean pro-
portional lines, which cannot be found out geo-
metrically, and yet is so neces.sary for the solu-
tion ofotherquestitms, they solveil mechanically,
by the assistance of certain instniraents calletl
vit9olabeH, taken from conic sections. Hut when
Plato inveighed against them, with grwit indig
nation, as corrupting and debasing the excellence
of geometry by miiking her «le.s<end from in-
corporeal and intellectual to coriiorenl and sen-
sible things, and obliging her to make use of
matter, which requires nuich manmil lalM)r, and
is the object of servile trades, then mtchaiiicH
were .separated from geometry, and, being a long
time despised by the philosopher, were con-
sideri'd as a branch of the military art. — Pi.i;-
TA lien's >lAlt<KI/l,t:S.
35:16. MECHANICS disparaged. Ijindmnoni-
ann. One of the greatest privileges that Lycur-
gus procured for ids cotuitrymen was the enjoy-
ment of leisure, the con.sequence of his forbid-
ding them to exert'i.se any mechanic trade. It
was not worth their while to take great i)aius to
raise a fortune, since riches there were of no ac-
count ; and the Ikli>liH, who tilled thi! ground,
were answerable for the produce. — Plltaucii's
Lycukous.
3937. MECHANICS, Hereditary. Emt Indian.
The tribe of mechanics is branched out into as
WAMM
418
MECHANICS— MEDDLING.
many sulKllvlslons as theco nro trndea, and no
man is allowed to relinquish the trade of his fore-
fathers — a ver3r singular system, which, as we
formerly mentioned, prevailed likewise among
the ancient Egyptians. Besides these four prin-
cipal classes [viz., Bramins, soidiers, husband-
men and meclianics,] or tribes, there is a fifth,
that of tlie pariahs, which is the outcast of all
the rest. The persons who compose it are ei.,-
ployed in the meanest ottices of society. They
bury the d'jad ; they are the scnvengers of the
town ; and so much is their condition held in
detestation, that if any one of this class touches
a person belonging to any of tlie four great
castes, or tril)es, it is allowable to i)ut hini to
death upon the spot. All these clas,ses, or castes,
are separated from each other by insurmountable
barriers ; they are not allowed to intermarry, to
live, or toeattogetiier, and whoever transgresses
these rules is banislied as a disgrace to his tribe.
— Tytlkk'8 Hist., Book 6, ch. 23, p. 337.
353§. MECHANICS, PatriotiBm of. Carpen-
ter s of Boston. A. D. 1774. [The port was closed,
the capital removed to Salem, and the city occu-
pied by British troops. ] All tlie while the suffer-
ings of Boston grew more and more severe ; yet
in the height of distress for want of employ-
ment its carpenters refused to construct barracks
for the [British] army. — Bancboft's U. S.,
vol. 7, ch. 10.
3539. MECHANICS, Patriotism of. Carpen-
tera of Phihtikiphia. a. n. 1774. [The Continent-
al Congress convened in Pliiladeli)liia.] Tie
members of Congress, meeting at Smith's tavern,
moved in a body to select the place for their de-
liberations. Galloway, the Speaker of Pennsyl-
vania, would have had them use the State House,
but the carpenters of Philadelphia olfered their
plain but spacious hall ; and from respect for the
mechanics, it was accepted by a great majority.
— B.\ncuoft's U. S., vol. 7, ch. 11.
35'>0. . Civil War. [They were of
{greatest service to Parliament in the war of the
ievolution. ] The men of London taken from the
loom and anvil, from the shops of Ludgate or the
"wharves of Billingsgate, stood like a wall. . . .
Prince llupert himself led up the choice lior.se to
charge them, and endured their storm of small
shot, but could make no impression upon their
stand of pikes. . . , The contempt of the CavaUers
for the " base mechanicals " was one great cause
of the triumph of the Roundheads. . . . They had
an ever-present belief that they were doing " the
Lord's work ; " and whether starving in a fortress
or ridden down by men in steel, they woukl not be
moved.
" With dread of death to flight, or foul retreat."
— Knight's Eng., vol. 4, ch. 2, p. 24.
3541. . Apprentices. [In 1643, at the
time of the Revolution, the mechanics' appren-
tices in London were ardent in their endeavors for
the destrrctlon of despotism.] — Knight's Eno.,
vol. 3, ch. 30, p. 489.
3542. MECHANICS, Practical. Jam^a Watt.
The mechanical dexterity he acquired was the
foundation upon which he built the speculations
to which he owes his glory, nor without this
manual training is there the least likelihood that
he would have become the improver and almost
the creator of the steam-engine. — Smilbs' Brief
Biographies, p. 4.
3543. MECHANICS, Taate for. Sir haar New.
ton. From cliildliood Newton exhibited a re-
markable tal"nt for mechanics. His favorite
playthings wen; \\\,i\v saws, hammers, chi.sels,
an(l hatcTiets, with which he made many curious
and ingenious machines. There was a windmill
in course of erection near his home. He watch-
ed the workmen with the gn-iitest interest, ar.l
constructed a small model of the mill, which, one
of his friends said, was " as clean and curious a
l)iece of workiiianslii|) ns llic original." He was
dissatisl'cd, however, with his mill, because it
would iK.t work wlien tlicro was no wind ; and
tlierefore he added to it a contiivance by which
it couhl be kept in motion by a mouse, lie made
a water-clock, the motive jjower of which was
the droiiping of water upon a wheel. Every
morning, on getting out of bed, the boy wound
up his clock by suppl^'ing it with the water re-
(juisiteto keep it running for twenty-four hours.
— Cyci.oi'kdia ok Bioo., p. 247.
3544. MECHANICS, Wages of. ThirttcDth Ccn-
turn. The daily ])ay of carpenters, masons, and
tylers wa.; 3f/. with keep, and 4^/. one half pen-
ny without. — Knight's Eno., vol. 1, ch. 27,
p. 408.
3545. MEDDLING, Destruction by. Flood.
[West Indians to Columtjus.] They .said that
there once lived in the island a miglity caci(iue,
who slew his onlv son for conspiring against him.
lie afie.'ward < ollected and picked his Ixmes, and
preserved them in agourd, as was the custom of
the natives with the relics of their friends. On
a .■fubs(uiuent day tlie cacitpic and his wife open-
ed the gourd to contemplat the bones of their
son, when, to their astonishment, .several fish,
great and small, leaped out. Upon this the ca-
ci(pie closed the gourd, and placed it on the top
of his liouoC, l)oasting that he had the sea shit up
within it, and could have fish whenever he
plea.se(l. F.;"ir brothers, however, who had been
born at the same birth, and were curious inter-
meddlers, healing of this gourd, came during
the absence of the cacique to peep into it. In their
carelessness they suffered it to fall upon the
ground, where it was dashed to pieces ; when, lo !
to their a.stonishnient and disnifiy, there issued
forth a mighty flood, with dolphins, and sharks,
and tumliling porpoises, and great sjxjuting
whales ; and the water spread, until it overflowed
the earth, and formed the ocean, leaving only the
tops of the mountains uncovered, which are the
present islands. — Iuving's Coi.ujiuuy, Book 6,
ch. 10.
3546. MEDDLING reproved. Bishop Burnet.
[The intimate friend of William Prince of
Orange, whose invading army had just landed in
England.] As soon as Burnet was on shore he
hastened to the prince. An amusing dialogue
took place between them. Burnet poured forth
his congratulations with genuine delight, and
then eagerly asked what were his Highness'
plans. Military men are seldom dispo.sed to take
counsel with gownsmen on military matters, and
William regarded the interference of unprofes-
sional advisers, in questions relating to war, with
even more than the disgust ordinarily feltbj' sol-
diers on such occasions. But he was at that
moment in an excellent humor, and instead r f
signifying his displeasure by a short and cutting
reprimand, graciously extended his hand, and
m.
MEDIATION— MEDICINE.
419
answered his chaplain's question by another
(juestion ; " Well, doctor, what do you think of
predestination now ?" The reproof was so del-
icate that Bvirnet, whose perceptions were not
very fine , diil n<)t perceive it. lie answered with
pieat fervor that he should never forjjet tlie
signal manner in which Providence had lavored
their undertaking. — Macaulay'b Eno., ch. 9,
p. 44G.
3« 17. MEDIATION rejected. J<imcs IL In-
KtL-ad of l)<'C()ming a mediator [l)etween Catlio-
Jics antl I'rotestants,] he became the fleicst and
most reckless of partisans. . . . The contest >v'is
terrible. The effect of the insane attempt to sub-
jugate Englanil by meiuis of Ireland was that
the Irish l)ecame hewers of wood and drawers of
■water to the English. The old projirietors, by
their effort to recover what thi-y had lost, lost
the greater part of what they had retained. The
momentary ascendency of popery produced such
a .series of barbarotis laws against pojjcry as
made the statute-book of Ireland a proverb of
infamy Ihroughotit Christendom. Such were
the bitterfruitsof the policy of James. — Macau-
lay's Eno., ch. G, p. 120.
3548. HEDIATOB, Temporizing. William
Pcnn. [Magdalen C-'ollege had rcfu.sed to elect
to the presidency the nominee of James II. 1 The
king, greatly incensed and mortified by his defeat,
(juitted Oxford. . . . His obstinacy and violence
had brought him into an embarrassing position.
He had trusted too mujli to the effect of his
frowns and angry tones, and had rashly staked,
not merely the credit of his administration, but
his pv rsonal dignity, on tlic^ is.svie of the contest.
Could he yield to subjects wliom he liad men-
aced with raised voice and furious gestures ? . . .
The agency of Penn was employed. He had too
much good feeling to ajiprove of the violent and
imju.st proceedings of the governnicnt, and even
ventured to express part of wliat he thought.
James was, as usual, obstinate in tlie wrong.
Tlie courtly Quaker, therefore, did his best to
.sedtice the college from the path of right. He
first tried intimidation, liuin, he said, impended
over the society. The king was highly incensed.
The case might be a hard one. 3lost people
thought it so. But every child knew that his
ISIajesty loved to have his own way, and could
not bear to be thwarted. Penn therefore ex-
liorted the fellows not to rely on the goodness of
their cause, but to submit, or at least to tempo-
rize. Such counsel came strangely from one
who had himself been expelled from the univer-
sity for raising a riot about the surplice, who
had run the risk of being disinherited rather
than take off his hat to the princes of the blood,
and who had been sent to prison for haranguing
in conventicles. He did not succeed in frighten-
ing the Magdalen men. [Sec No. 1843.] — Ma-
cai'lay's Eng., ch. 8, p. 274.
3549. MEDIATOR, Unfaithful. JmtmlT. Un-
liapi)ily, James, instead of becoming a mediator,
became the fiercest and most reckless of parti-
sans. Instead of allaying the animosity of the
two populations, he intian.ed it to a height before
imknown. He determined to reverse their posi-
tion, and put the Protestant colonists under the
feet of the popish Celts. To be of the estab-
lished religion, to be of English blood, was in his
view a disqualification for civil and military
employment. He meditated the design of again
confiscating and again portioning out the .soil of
half the island, and showed his inclination .so
clearly that one clasa was soon agitated by ter-
rors which he afterward vainly wi.shed to soothe,
and the other tv hopes which he afterward vain-
ly wished to re: train. But this was the smallest
jiart of his guilt and madness. He deliberately
resolved, not nu'rely to give to tlu; aboriginal
inlial)itants of Ireland tlu; eniin; i><:s 'ssion of
their own country, but also to use them as his
instruments for setting uj) arititrary govcrnir.irit
in England. — Macai:i,ay's Enci., ch. 0, p. 126.
3550. MEDICINE, Advance in. IJar/n »fCh<irh't
IT. Medicine had in England become an exjK'r-
imental and progressi\e science, and every day
made some new advance, in defiance of Hip«
jiocrates and Galen. The attention of siiecula-
five men had been, for the first time, directed to
the im])ortant suliject of sanitary i>olice. The
great i)lague of ltJG5 induced tliem to consider
witli care the defective architecture, draining,
and ventilation of the capital. The great fire of
1060 afforded an opjjortunity for effecting eX'
tensive improvements. The whole matter was
diligently exannned by the Royal Society ; and
to the .suggestions of that body mi:st be partly
attributed the clian; which, though far short
of what the public welfare required, yet made a
wide difference between the new and the old
London, and probably put a final close to tho
ravages of pestilence in our country. — Macau-
lay's Eng., ch. 3, p. 381.
3551. MEDICINE, Aversion to. Oeorgc Wank-
in(/U>ii. His illnes.ses were of rare occurrence,
but particularly s(!vere. His aversion to the uso
of medicdne was extreme ; and even when in
great suffering, it was only "oy the entreaties of
his lady and . . . Dr. James Craik that he could
be prevailed upon to take the slightest ])rcpara.
tion of medicine. — Custis' Wasuinotox, vol. 1,
ch. 2.
3552. MEDICINE discarded. Xaiioleon I. [Las
Casas writes:] "Tlie emperor has no faith in
medicine, and never takes any. He had adopted
a peculiar mode of treatment for himself. When-
ever he found him.self unwell, his plan was to
run into an extreme the opposite of Avhat had
happened to be his habit at the time. This ho
calls restoring the e([uilibrium of nature. If,
for instance, lie had leen inactive for a length of
time, he woukl .sud.lenly ride about sixty miles,
or Imnt for a whole day." . . . [Heals'osaid :]
" My remedies are fasting and the warm bath.'
— Aubott's Napolkon B., vol. 2, ch. 30.
3553. MEDICINE, School of. Fint. The
treasures of Grecian medicine had been commu-
nicated to the Arabian colonies of Africa, Spain,
and Sicily, and in the intercourse of peace a'ld
war a spark of knowledge had been kindled anu
cherished at Salerno, an illustrious city, in which
the men were lionest and the "women beautiful.
A school, the first that arose in the darkness of
Europe, was consecrated to the healing art ; thi
conscience of monks and bishops was reconciled
to that salutary and lucrative profession ; and a
crowd of patients, of the most eminent rank and
most distant climates, invited or visited the
physicians of Salerno. — Gibbon's Rome, ch. 56,
p. 462.
420
MEDITATION— MELANCHOLY.
3554. MEDITATION, Peculiar. Swedenborg.
Swedcnborg was gifted witli jieciilinr powers of
respiration. From early childhood, when on liis
knees at prayer, and afterward wlien engaged
in profound meditation, he found that his natu-
ral respiration was for the time suspended. . . .
He writes : " My respiration lias been so formed
by the Lord as lo enable me to I in the inwardly
for a long period of time, withoi ihe aid of the
external air, my respiration beiiiu directed with-
in, and my outward senses, as well as actions,
still continuing in their vigor, which is only pos-
sible with persons who have been ko formed by
the Jionl. 1 have also been instructeil that my
l)reathiiig was so directisd, without my being
uware of it, in order to enable me to l)e with
spirits, and lospeak with them." — W'iiitk'sSwk-
jjKNMioito, ch. 8, p. 67.
3555. MEDIUM, Fraudulent, f'oiin/crfiitinr/.
The account was as follows: " On the night of
the 1st of February many gentlemen eminent
for their rank and character were, bv the invi-
tation of the Hcv. Mr. Aldrich, of Cierkenwell,
assembled at his house, for the examination of
the noises .'iupi)oscd to be made by a departed
spirit, for the (leteclion of some enormou:' crime.
About ten at night the gentlemen met in the
chamber in which the girl, .supposed to be
disturbed by a spirit, had, with proper cauti(m,
l)een put to bed by several ladies. . . . The
supposed spirit had before jiublicly promised, by
an ailirmative knock, that it would attend one
of the gentlemen into the vault under the church
of iSt. John, Cierkenwell, where the bodj' is de-
posited, and give a token of her presence there,
by a knock upon her coffin ; it was therefore
determined to make this trial of the existence or
veracity of the supposed .spirit. AVhile they were
inquiring and deliberating, they wore summoned
into the girl's chamber by some ladies who were
near her bed, and who had heard knocks and
scratches. When the gentlemen entered the girl
declared that she felt the s])irit like a mou.se upon
her back, and was required to hold her hands out
of bed. The company at one o'clock went into the
church, and the gentlemen to whom the promise
was made went with another into the vault.
The spirit was .solemnly reipiired to perform its
promise, but nothing more than siience ensued ;
the person supposed to be accu.sed by the spirit
then went down with several others, but no ef-
fect was perceived. ... It is therefore the
opinion of the whole a,ssembly that the child has
some art of making or counterfeiting a particu-
lar noise, and that there is no agency of any
higher cause. " — Notk in Boswki-i-'b Joiin.son,
p. 112.
3556. MEEKNESS, Christian. Viirrowned.
[The Crusjidcrs having taken Jerusalem and
made it a I..atin kingdom, offered it to] Godfrey
de I}()uillon. That excellent iirince accepted the
high honor conferred ujiou him, but refused, in
his j)ious humility, lo wear a diadem of gold and
Jewels where his Kedecmer's brows had In-en
acerated liv a crown of thorns. — Students'
rK.\NCfc;, cli. 7, ^ 17.
3557. MELANCHOLY, Characteriitio. Aho-
riginis. The red man was, at his best estate, an
iinsocinl, solitary, and gloomy spirit. He was a
man of the woods. He communed only with
.liimsclf and the genius of solitude. He sat
apart. The forest was better than his wigwam,
and his wigwam belter than the village. — KiD-
I'ATU's U. H., ch. 1, p. 45.
3558. MELANCHOLY, Depreiied by. Charles
V. The last years of Charles were the most tu-
multiious and tlie Ica.st succes.sful. The load of
cares, and the difficidties whicli surrounded him
on evcrv side, at length entirely overpowered
liim. The vigor of liis mind was broken, his
animal spirits were exhausted, and, in a state of
despondency and melancholy dotiige, he abdi-
cated the empire, and renounce<l the world ut
the age of lifty-six. This celebrated resignation,
though prompted by dejection of spirit, was con-
ducted with sonu! jiolicy, and witli a regard to
the interest of those who were to come after him.
— TvTi.Ku's Hist., Hook «. ch. 19, p. 2H6.
3559. MELANCHOLY, ExouBable. John Mil-
toti. ^lilton was, like Dante, a statesman and a
lover : and, like l)ante, he had been unforlimato
in ambition and in love. He had survived
his health and his sight, the 'comforts of his
home, and the jirosperitv of liis party. Of the
grci.c men by whom he iiad been distinguished
at his entranc(! into life, some had been taken
away from the evil to come ; some had carried
into foreign climates their unconquerable hatred
of o])pression ; some were i)ining in dungeons ;
and some had i)oured forth their blood on scaf-
folds. Venal and licentious .scribblers, with just
sutticient talent to clothe the thoughts of a pan-
dar in the style of a bellman, were now the fa-
vorite writers of the .sovereign and of the public.
It was a loathsome herd, which could be com-
pared to nothing so litly as to the rabble of Co-
mus, grotesque monsters, half bestial, half hu-
man, dropping witli wine, bloated with gluttony,
and reeling in obscene dances. Amid these
that fair ]\Iuse was placed, like the chaste lady
of the Ma.sque, lofty, spotless, and serene, to be
chattered at, and pointetl at, and grinned at, by
the whole nnit of Satyrs and Goblins. If ever
despondency and asperity could be excused in
any man, they might have been excused iii Mil-
ton. — Macai'lay's Milton, p. 35.
3560. MELANCHOLY inherited. Snmnel
Johnson. Mr. Michael Johnson [the fatlier of
Samuel] was a man of a large and robust body,
and of a strong and active mind ; yet, as in the
most solid rocks veins of unsound substance are
often discovered, there was in him a mixture of
that disease, the nature of which eludes the most
minute inquiry, though the effects are well known
to be a weariness of life, an unconcern about
those things which agitate .iie greater part of
mankind, and a general sensation of gloomy
wretchedness. From him, then, his son inher-
ited, with some other (pialities, "a vile melan-
choly," which in his too strong expression of
any disturbance of the mind "made him mad
all' his life, at least not sober."— Boswell's
Johnson, p. 4.
3561. -; . SmnvcUnhnson. Talking
of con.stitutioiial melancholy, he observed : "A
man so attlictcd, .sir, must divert distressing
thoughts, and not combat with them." Bos-
well : "May not he think them down, sir?"
JouNSON : " No, sir. To attempt to think tliem
(iotrn is madness. He .shoiild have a lamp con-
stantly burning in his bed-chamber during the
night, and if wakefully disturbed take a book,
MELANCIIOLY-MEMOIUALS.
421
nnd read, and oompoHc himself to rest. To hnvo
the ninnivgeincnt of the mind is u ^rcnt nrt, and
it may i)e attained in a considenible degree liy
experience and liahituai exercise. . . . Let
1dm tal<e a course of clieniistry or a course of
ropc-dancintr, or a course of anytlung to wiilcli
lie is inclined at the time. liCt him contrive to
have as many rclreuts for his mind as lie can, as
many things to whicli it can Ity from itself." —
Bohwki.l'm.Ioiinhon, p. 277.
35««. MELANCHOLY, Natural. S,n>i>id Jolin-
noil. The " morhid melancholy" \vhich aviis
lurliing in his constitution, and to which we
may nscrihe those |)Hrticuhirities, . . . gathered
Huch strength in his twentieth year as to alHii i,
him in a dreadful manner. VV^hilo lus was at
LiehHeld, in the cudlege vacation of the year
1729, he felt himself overwhcilmed with a horri-
ble hypochondria, with perpetual irritation, fret-
fulness, and impatience, nnd with a dejection,
gloom, and de.sjjuir, which made existence mis-
ery. From this dismal malady he never after-
ward was perfectly relieved. — BoawELi/s Joiin-
80N, p. 11.
3563. MELANCHOLY, PhiloBophy of. Unfaih-
onhiUe. Ileraclitus, whose disposition [was] the
reverse of that of Democritus, accounted every-
thing a matter of melancholy. He seems to have
been endowed with the austere spirit of a Car-
thusian ; for, rejecting the chief magistracy of
his native (dty. Ephesus, on account of the in-
corrigible vice'of its inhabitants, he betook him-
Belf to tl'e desert, and fed upon roots and water,
making the beasts his companions in preference
to man. lie wrote a treati.se on Nature, in
which he made flre the origin of all things ; but
this fire he conceived to I)e endowed withnnnd,
and to be jiroperly the niiiinn iiiuikU, or the Di-
vinity. His writings wer" purposely obscure,
whence he got the epithet of . . . the dark phi-
losopher. It is said that Euripides having sent
this treatise on Nature to Socrates, the latter,
with his accustomed modest}', gave it this char-
acter, that all that he could understand of it
seemed good, and that what li A surpassed his
understanding might likewise be .so. — Tytleu's
Hist., Hook 2, cli. 9, p. 266.
3564. MELANCHOLY, Religious. Gomie Fox
the QjKtkrr. a.d. 1644. The mind of Fox as it
revolved the question of human destiny was ag-
itated even to despair. . . . Abandoningljis tlocks
and shoemaker's bench, \\o nourished his inexplic-
able grief by retireil meditations, and . . . sought
in the gloom of the forest for a vision of God.
He questioned his life; but his blameless life
was ignorant of remorse. He went to many
"priests" for comfort, but found no comfort
from them. . . . Some advised him to marry,
others to join Cromwell's army. . . . His restless
spirit drove him into the fields, where he walked
many nights ... in misery too great to be de-
clared. Yet at times a beam of heavenly joy
beamed upon his .soul, and he reposed, as it were,
serenely on Abraham's bosom. — Bancuoft's
U. S., vol. 2, ch. 16.
3565. . Puritans. We may think
of Cromwell standing in the market with his
fellow-tradesmen, and striding through those
fields, and by those roadsides, and by the course
of the stream, then sedgy and .swampy enough.
AVliat thoughts came upon him, for was he
not fighting there the same battle T.uther fought
at Erfurth ? He was vexed by fils of strange
black hypochondria. Dr. Simcot, of Hunting-
don, "in shadow of meiuiing, much meaning
expressions," intimates to us how nuich be suf-
fered. He was oppressed with dreadful con-
sciousness of sin and defect. lie groaned in
spirit like I'aul, like liiter saints — Hunyaii. for
instance. The stunted willows and sedgy water-
courses, the Hags and reeds, would often echo
back the mourning words, " Oh, wretched man
that I am !" "What concejition had he of the
cours(! lying before him ':' What knowledge
I'livl he of the intentions of l'rovi(lenc(> con-
cerning him ? Life lay before him all in shad-
ow. For fifteen years he appears to have had
no other concern than " to know Christ and th(«
power of His resurrection, and the fellowsbiixif
His .sulferings." — Hood's Ckomwki.i,, ch. 2,
1). 44.
3566. MELANCHOLY resisted. S,nn nrl John-
son, .lohnson, ujion the first violent attack of
this disorder, strove to overcome it by forcible
exertions. He frecjuentlv walked to Birnnng-
ham and back again, and tried many other ex-
pedients ; but all in vain. His expression con-
cerning it to me was," I did not then know how
to manage it." His distress became so intolera-
ble, that he ajiplied to Dr. Swintin, ]ihysieian in
Lichfield. \\v mentioned to nu^ now, for the
first time, that he had been distressed by melan-
choly, and for that reason had been obliged to'
fiy from study and meditation to the dissipiiting
variety of life. Against melancholy he recom-
mended constant occupation of mind, a great
deal of exercise, moderation in eating and drink-
ing, and especially to shun drinking at night.
He said melancholy people were ai)t to fly to in-
temperance for relief, but that it sunk them much
deejx'r in misery. He observed that laluning
men who work hard and live sparingly are sel-
dom or never troubled with low .spirits. — Bos-
wei.l's Johnson, p. 12.
3567. MELANCHOLY, Royal, qneen Eliza-
h'th. From the death of Essex the (|ueen, now
in the .seventieth year of her age. seemed to los(;
all enjoyment of life. She i'ell into profound
melancholy ; she rctlccted then with remorse on
some past actions of her reign, and was at times
under the mo.st violent emotions f)f anguish and
despair. Her constitution, enfeebled bj age, very
soon fell a victim to her mental disepiietude ; and
I l)erceiving her end approaching, she declared
that the "succession to the crown of England
should devolve to her immediate heir, .lames
VL of Scotland. — Tytlek's Hist., Book 6,
ch. 28, p. 394.
356§. MEMORIALS, Enduring. Languarje.
It is one of the surjirising results of moral pow-
er that language, composed of fieeting sounds,
retains and transnnts the remendjrance of past
occurrences long after every other has passed
away. Of the labors of the Indians on tlie soil
of Virginia then; remains nothing so resjtecta-
ble as would be a common ditch for draining
lands ; the memorials of their former existence
are found only in the names of the rivers and
mountains. — Bancuoft's V. S., vol. 1, ch. 6.
3560. MEMORIALS, Odd. Old Shoes. [In
1612 Thomas Coryat,] having walked over many
countries of Europe, hung up iu his parish
I
'
422
MEMOUY— MEN.
church as a memorial the one pair of shoes in
which he liad trudged nine hundred miles. —
Knight's Eno., vol. 3, ch. 22, p. 347.
3*70. MEMORY, Blunderc of. Goldmnith. One
relates to a venerable dish of i)eas, served up at
Sir Joshua's table, which should have been
/rreen, but were anv other color. A wag sug-
geste(l to Goldsmith, in a whisper, that they
«h()uld be sent to llanunersmith, as that was
the way to tnrn-fiii-yrctu ('l\irnham Green).
Goldsmith, delighted with the pun, eiuleavored
to repeat it at Hurke's table, l)ut missed the
point. "That is the way Xo niiike 'cm green,"
said he. Nobody laughed. He ptsrceived he was
ut fault. " I mean that is the road to turn 'em
green." A dead jiause and a stare ; " whereup-
on," adds Heauclerc, "he started up disconcert-
ed and abruptly left the table." — Iuvino'sGold-
s.MiTii, ch. 34, p. 201.
3571. MEMORY, Excellent. SitmndJohmon.
He was uncommoidy intpiisilive ; and his mem-
orv was so tenacious that he never forgot any-
thing tiiat he either heard or read. Mr. Hec-
tor remembers having recited to him eighteen
verses, which, after a little pause, he repeated
verbatim, varying only one epithet, by which
be improveil the line. — Boswell's Johnson,
p. 9.
357a. MEMORY, Extraordinary, roet SheUey.
His i)owers of memory were extraordinary, and
the rapidity with which he read a book, taking
in seven or eight lines at a glance, and seizing
the sense ui)ou the hint of leading words, was no
less astonishing. Impatient speed and indiffer-
ence to minutiie were indeed among the cardi-
nal qualities of his intellect. To them we may
trace not only the swiftness of his imaginative
flight, but also his frequent .satisfaction with the
somewhat less than perfect inartistic execution.
— Symonds' Shelley, ch. 2.
3573. . ^[llUam ITT. William HI.
had a memory that amazed all about him. —
Knight's Eng., vol. 5, ch. 5, p. 60.
3574. MEMORY, Marvellous. Nnjwleon T. Ho
received all letters, read them, and never forgot
their contents. ... So retentive was his mem-
ory, that scenes over which he had once glanced
his eye were never effaced from his mind. He
recollected the respective produce of all taxes
through every year of his admini.stratiou. — Ab-
bott's Napoleon B., vol. 2, ch. 3.
3575. MEMORY, Patriotic. Abraham Lin-
coln. [He closed his lirst inaugural address,
amid the threatenings of civil war, in these
words :] " The mj-stic cord of memorj', stretch-
ing from every battlefield and i)atriot grave to
every living heart and hearthstone all over this
broad land, will yet swell the chorus of the Un-
ion, when again touched, as surely they will be,
by the better angels of our nature." — K.\ymond's
Lincoln, ch. 6, p. 169.
3576. MEMORY trained. Ahraliam Lincoln.
[He became a storekeeper and postmaster.] He
was still employing every opjiortimity offered
him to improve his mind. He had mastered
grammar, and occupied Ins leisure time in gen-
eral reading, taking care to write out a synop-
sis of every book he perused, so as to fix the
contents in his memory. — Raymond's Lincoln,
ch. 1, p. 26.
3577. MEN, Angelic. Swedfnhorg. The heav-
en of angels is formed from the human race, all
angels having lived the life of men, and nona
having been so created ; and as the perfection of
heaven increases to eternity with the increa.se of
regenerate men from the world, it follows that
the earth will never cease to exist, nor men to
live and be born upon it. The worhl is tlie sem-
inary of heaven. Heaven depends upon the
world for its growth, increa.se, and perfection.
Heaven coidd not exist without worlds. —
AVhite'sSwedenuohg, ch. 12, p. 95.
357§. MEN vs. Animals. Napoleon T. The
night after the battle of Jia.ssano. . . . Napoleou
rode over the plain, . . . covered witji the bodies
of the dving and the dead. . . . Suddenly a dog
simuig t'rom beneath the cloak of his dead mas-
ter, and rushed to Napoleon, as if franticly im-
jiloring his aid, and then rushed back agam to
the mangled corpse, licking the blood from the
face and the hands, and howling most piteously.
Napoleon was deeply moved. . . . IMany years
afterward he re.'narked : " I know not how it is,
but no incident upon any field of battle ever pro-
duced .so deep nn impression upon my feelings.
This man, thought I, lies forsaken of all but his
dog. ... I had with tearless eyes beheld . . .
thousands of my countrymen .slam, and yet my
sympathies were almost deeply and resistlessly
moved by the mournfid howling of a dog !" —
Ahuott's Napoleon B., vol. 1, ch. 6.
3579. MEN, Courting great. Samm'lJohnnon.
I talked of the mode ado])ted ])y .some to rise in
the world, b\- courting great men, and a.sked him
whether he had ever submitted to it. Johnson :
' ' Whj', sir, I never was near enough to great men
to coiu't them. You may be jirudently attached
to great men , and yet independent. ^ on are not
to do what you think wrong ; and, sir, you are
to calculate, and not pay too dear for what j-ou
get. You must not give a .shilling's worth of
court for slx])ence worth of good. But if j'ou
can get a shilling's worth of good for sixpence
worth of court, you are a fool if you do not pay
court." — Boswell's Johnson, p. 141.
35§0. MEN, Periods of Great. Discoverers.
Coi)ernicus, the son of a Prussian .surgeon, was
born in 1473, ten years before the birth of Lu-
ther, and thirteen years before the discovery of
America. Great men appear to come in groups.
About the same time were born the man who rev-
olutionized science, the man who reformed re-
ligion, the man who added another continent to
the known world, and the man who invented
printing. So, in later times, "Watt, the improver
of the steam-engine, Hargrave and Arkwright,
the inventors of the spinning machinery, began
their experiments almo.st in the same year. — Cy-
clopedia OF Bioo., p. 204.
35il. MEN, Providential, Great. Crommll.
Doubtless, as we have often heard, great men
are tiie outbirths of their time ; there is a prov-
idence in their appearance, tiiey are not the
])roduct of chance ; they come, God-appointed,
to do their work among men, and they are im-
mortal till their work is done. We should not,
perhaps, speak so much of the absolute greatness
of the men of one age as compared with the men
of another ; they are all equally fitted to the task
of the dav. Let the man who most hates tliw
MEN— MERIT.
423
memory of Cromwell ask not sonuuli what Ibc
hiiul iiiul the law were with him, as what tiiey
must inevituhly have been without him. Ue-
move llie leadin^^ man from any time, and you
break the liurmony of the time, yon destroy the
work of that a;^e ; for an aj;e cannot move with-
out its >;jreat men — they inspire it, tliey urge it
forward, they are its priests and its prophets and
its monarehs. Tlie hero of a time, therefore, is
the liistory of a time ; he is the focus where in-
lluences an; gathered, and from wlience they
Hhoot out. It has l)een said that all institutions are
llie projected siiadow of some great man, he has
absorbed all the light of his time in himself ; per-
liaps he has not created, yet now he throws forth
light from his name — clear, steadj- i)ractical
light, that shall travel over a eenturyf his name
shall be tlu^ synonym of an ep(X'h, and shall in-
clude all the events of thut age. Thus it is with
Cromwell. — Hoou'h Cuumwei.l, ch. 1, p. 20.
35Sil. . (Jluiiiemdniie. []M. Guizot
.says :] " Why a great man comes at a ])articular
epoch, and what force of his own he puts into
the develoi)ment of the world, no one can say.
This is a secret of I'rovidenee ; but, nevertheless,
the fact is certain." Such a man does come to
put an end to anarchy and social stagnation — a
terrible and often a tyrannical jiower. Such a
man was Charlemagne. He drove back tlie bar-
barian forces that were pressing forward against
the establishment of European civilization by
liis power as a coiupieror. lie reduced the
.s(;attered elements of authority and justice into a
system by his skill as an administrator. He
gave the grape of the .south to the shores of the
llhine, and otherwise extended the domain of
fertility, as a jihysical imi)rover. He raised up
the real civilizing power of knowledge to render
his triumphs (,f war and jieace of jiermanent
utility by his zeal as a t)atriot and his zeal as a
student. — Knight's Eng., vol. 1, ch. 6, p. 75.
35§3. MEN, Imaginary. Ainerlcdnn. The
earliest books on America contain tales as wild
as fancy could invent or credidity repeat. The
land was peopled with pj'gmies and with giants.
The tropical forests were said to conceal tribes
of negroes ; and tenants of the hyperborean
regions were white, like the polar bear or ermine.
Jacques Cartier had heard of a nation that did not
eat ; and the pedant Lafitan believed, if not in a
race of headless men, at least that there was a
nation with the head not rising above the shoul-
der. — Banckoft's U. S., vol. 3, ch. 22.
35§4. MEN, Large. King Frederick William.
The ambition of the king was to form a brigade
of giants, and every country was ransacked by
his agents for men above the ordinary stature.
These researches were not confined to Europe.
No head that towered above the crowd in the
bazaars of Aleppo, of Cairo, or of Surat could
escape the crimi)s of Fretlerick William. One
Irishman more than seven feet high, who was
]iicked up in London bv the Prussian ambassa-
dor, received a bounty of nearly £1300 sterling —
very much more than the ambassador's salary.
This extravagance was the more absurd because
n stout youth of five feet eight, who might have
been procured for a few dollars, would in all
probability have been a much more valuable
soldier. — Macaulay's Fjiedeuick the Gkeat,
p. 8.
3fti3. MEN, Miiplaoed. Jamea TL— Raleigh.
On a cold October morning, in 1(510, a great
crime was perpetrated. . . . That line old English
gentleman, Sir Walter Raleigh, was brought
forth to the scaffold in Palace Yard. Perhai)3
the reader is scarcely able to repress the feeling,
even now, of abhorrent indignation that such a
miserable ])ie(^e of loath.some corru|)lion as
James should have been able to order the death
of so great and magniuiinious a man. It was
f)n the 29lh of October, when the olllcers went
into his room to tell him that all was in readi-
ness for his execution, they found him smoking
his last pip(; and drinking his last cup of sack,
remarking to those who came to fetch him that
" it was a good li(iuor, if a man might stay by
it." He said he was ready, and so they set
forth. — Hood's Ciio.mwki.i., ch. 2, p. 37.
3580. MEN, Self-made. William Piit. [TTo
was first vice-treasurer of Ireland, and shortly
after promoted to be paymaster-general.] Pitt,
without wealth or high birth, had made Inm-
self the marked man of his time .... In livo
years he raised a dispirited nation to an uni)re-
cedented height of honor and power. — Knight's
Eno., vol. 6, eh. 12, p. 179.
35§7. MEN, Similarity in. BahcR. A story is
told, how nnmy years since, before the age of
railways, a nobleman and his lady, with their
infant child, travelling in a wild neighborhood,
were overtaken by a snow-storm and compelled
to seek shelter in a rude shepherd's hut ; when
the nurse, who was in attendance upon her lord
and lady, began mulressing the infant by the
side of the warm tire, the iidiabitants of the hut
gazed in awe and silence at the i)rocess. As the
little one was disrobed of its silken frock and
line linen, and rich dress after dress was taken
away, still the shepherd and his wife gazed with
awe, imtil, when the process of undressing was
completed, and the naked baby was being wa.shed
and warmed by the fire, when all tlie wrap-
l)ages and outer husks were peeled off, the shep-
iierd and his wife exclaimed, " Why, it's just
like one of ours I" Rut it is a very difficult
thing to understand that kings and queens and
princes are just like one of us when their state
robes are off ; and thus the adventures of f ugitivo
Charles [II.] derive their interest and sanctity
from the sui)posed importance of the person, and
the worship with which he is regarded arises
from the sense of the place he fills, and his es-
sential importance to the future schemes of Al-
mighty Providence. — Hood's Cuomwell, ch.l3,
p. 169.
35§§. MERCY, Provision for. AhraJiam Lin-
coln: His doorkeejters had standing orders from
him, that no matter how great might be the
throng, if either senators or representatives had to
wait, or to be turned away without an audience,
he must see, before the day closed, every messen-
ger who came to him with a petition for tho
saving of life. — Raymond's Lincoln, p. 736.
3589. MERIT, Evidence of. nnlcr. lie who
is born in purple is .seldom worthy to reign ;
but the elevation of a private man, of a peasant,
perhaps, or a slave, affords a strong presumption
of his courage and capacity. — Giubon's Rome,
ch. 52, p. 325.
3500. MERIT, Force of. Poet Terence. Ter-
ence made liis first appearance when Ca'ciliua
fill
I
»fiP
424
Mint IT— MINI).
„ 4
i! r
n
WHS lit tlitt Lcijjlit, of Ills rcpiitiitioii. It is said
tliiit, when ho olTcrwl his first ^liiiy totJu! /Kdilcs,
tlu-y Hcnl liini with it to r'li'oilius for iiis jutij,'-
mciit of llie ])icc('. Ciucilius wastiu'initsuiSpcr ;
iiiul us (lie youiiuf Imnl was very incuiily dressed,
lie was l»id to sit l)eliiiid on a low slool, and to
read liis eoiiipositioii. Seareely, liowever, had
lu! read a few sentences, when t'a'ciliiis desired
liini to approacii, and placed him al tlie tahio
next to liiniself. lIisre|)iitalion arose at onee to
such a heii,dil that his " Eunueliiis," on its first
appearance, was puhlielv performed twie(! eacli
day. — TvTi.Kii's llisr., iJoolc 4, cli. ;{, \^. 4'.M.
3501. MERIT, Ignorance of. Sunurim. [At
the saeltinir of Madavn in Persia.] From tlie re-
mote islands of tiie Indian Ocean a larut- jjrovi-
sion of campliire had been imported, whicli is
employed with a mixture of wax to illuminate
the iialaees of the East. Htnmgers to the name
and pro])ertie9 of that odoriferous Rum, the Sar-
acens, mi.stnking it f or salt, minified the campliire
in their bread, iiiid were astonished at the bitter-
ness of the taste. One of tlie apartments of the
palace was decorated with a carpet of .silk sixty
cubits in leii^^h and as many in breadth ; a jmr-
adis(! or jjarden was depictured on th(i gniund ;
the flowers, fruits, and shrubs were imitated by
the figures of the gold eniiroidery and the col-
ors of the precious stones ; and the ample sipiare
Avas encircled by a variegtited and veriiaiit bor-
der. The Arabian general persuaded his sol-
diers to reliiupiish their cdaim, in the reasonable
hope that the eyes of the caliph would be de-
lighted with the splendid worknianship of na-
ture and industrj'. liegardless of the merit of
art and the pomp of royalty, the rigid Omar di-
vided the priz(! among his brethren of Aledina ;
the i)icture was destroyed ; but such was the in-
trinsic value of the materials, that the share of
All alone was .sold for 20,000 draui;s. — GiunoNs
lio.ME, ch. 51, p. 187.
3«'(94. MEKIT, Nobility by. Mipoleon 1. [The
Austrian] Emperor Fnincis . . . was extremely
anxious to prove the illustrious descent of his
prospective son-in-law. . . . Napoleon refu.sed to
have the account published, remarking, " I had
rather be the descendant of an honest man than
of any petty tyrant of Italy. I wish my nobil-
ity to commence with myself, and derive all my
titles from the French people. I am the Ru-
dolph of Hapsburg of my family. 3[y patent
of nobility dates from the battle of Mon'tenotte."
— Abbott's Napoi-eon B., vol. l.cli. 1.
3593. MERIT, Partial. Sannid Johnson. ITe
talked very contemptuously of Churchill's poet-
ry. . . . "No, sir, I calleil the fellow a block-
head at first, and I will call him a blockhead
ptill. However, I will acknowledge that 1 have
a lM>tter opinion of him now than I once had ;
f ;)r he has shown more fertility than I expected.
To iMJSure, he is a tree that cannot ])roduce go.^l
fruit ; he only bears crabs. IJut, sir, a tree that
producesft great many cnibs is better tiian u free
which produces only a few. " — Boswell's Joiln-
SON, p. 11.').
3594. MERIT, Promolionby. Anr)lo-Sa.mnn.
The Saxons, who enjoyed the same liberty with
all the ancient Germans, retained that political
freedom in their new settlements to which they
liad been accustomed in their own country.
Thttir kings, who were no more than the chiefs
of a clan or tribe, jiossessed no greater authority
than what is commonly annexed to that charac-
ter in all barliarous nations. The chief, or king,
was the first among the citi/.ens, but his author-
ity depended more on his i)ersonal abilities than
oil his rank. " lie was even so far considered
as on a level with the ])eople that a slated jirico
was fixed on his head, and a legal tiiU! was levied
on his murderer ; which, although proportioned
to his station, and su|)erior to tJiat ]iiiid for the
life of a subject, Avas a sensible mark of his
suliordination to the communily." — Tvti.eu'h
Hist., Book, 0, eh. (I, ji. 117.
3595. MERIT, Supremacy of. Napoleon I.
[When twenty-six years of age lie Avas made
commandqr-in-chief of the army of Italy, Avith
veteran offleers under him.] There Avere many
A'ery beautiful and dissolute females in Nice,
. . . Avlio, trafllcking in their charms, Avere living
in great wealth and voluptuousness. , . . Their al-
lurements Avere unavailing. . . He had no relig-
ious scruples to interfere with his indulgences.
..." I pursued a line of conduct in the highest
degree irreproachable and exemplary. . . . My
siijiremacv could be retained only by proving
myself a lietter man than any other man in the
army. Had I yielded to human weakncs.ses I
.should have lost my ixjAver." — Abbott's Napg-
LKON B., vol. 1, ch. 4.
3590. METAPHYSICS, Contempt for. Xnpo.
lion I. [After overcuiniing the Austrian army]
li(! entered the celebrated university [at Pavia],
accompanied by his military suite. With the
utmost celerity he moved from cla.ss to class,
asking cpiestions Avith such rapidity the profess-
ors could hardly find time or breath to ansAver
his qu(,'stions. "What cla.ss is this?" he in-
quired, as he entered tlie first recitation room.
" The class of metaphysics," was the reply. Na-
jioleon, Avlio hiid but very little respect for the
uncertain deductions of mental philosopli}', ex-
claimed, very einpliatically, " Bah I" and took u
pinch of snuif. — Abbott's Napoleon B., vol. 1,
ch. 5.
3597. METHOD, Regulated by. John Wcftlq/.
"John Wesley's conversation is goo<l, but
he is never at leisure. He is always obliged
to go at a ccilain hour. This is very disagree-
able to a man Avhn loves to fold his legs and have
out his talk, as I do." — Boswei.l's Johnson,
p. 301.
359§. MIND vs. Body. Cohimhim. [He spent
five months exploring the West Indies, amid
great hardships and iK>rils.] The moment ho
was relieved from all .solicitude, and belield him-
.se'f i:i a knoAvn and tranquil sea, the excitement
suddenly ceas(;d, and mind and body sank ex-
hausted by almost .superhuman exertions. The
very day on Avhicli he sailed from Mona he was
struck Avitli a sudden malady, Avhich deprived
him of memor}-, of sight, and all his faculties.
He fell into a deep lethargy, resembling death
itself. His crew, alarmed at this jirofound torpor,
feared that death avos really at hand. Tliey
abandoned, therefore, all further prosecution of
the voyage, and spreading their sails to the cast
Avind so prevalent in those seas, bore Columbus
back, in a state of complete insensibility, to tho
harbor of Isabella [from Avhence he had sailed].
— luviNii's Coi.rMBis, Book 7, ch. 7.
;
MIND-MINISTKUS.
425
3A90. . WUliavi Prince of Onnige.
Till' uudiirily of IiIh spirit wiis lli(< tnoio rcnmrk-
iihlc hctiiiiHc Ills piiysical orpmizulioii was ua-
usimlly dclicati'. "From ii child li(( had hccii
weak and Hickly. In the prime of maiiluxxl his
complaints had bet'ii a^rgravated by a severe at-
tack of small-pox. lie was asthmatic and con-
sumptive. llissU'nder frame was shaken by a
constant hoar.se roni^h. He; could not sleep unless
Ills head was propped by several pillows, and
could scarcely draw his brenlh in any but the
purest air. (fruel headaches freiiuenllv tortured
him. E.xertion .soon fatigued him. 'f ho i)hysi-
cians constantly kept up tho hopes of his enenues
by ti.\ing some date beyond which, if there were
anything certain in metlic-al science, it was im-
possible! that his broken constitution could liold
out. Y'jt, through a life which was one long
di,seasc, the force of liis mind never failed, on
any great occa.sion, to bear up his suffering and
languid body. — Macaulay'sEno., ch. 7, p. 155.
3600. MIND, Entertainment of. Dr. Campbell.
tDr. Campbell is t^iken to dine with a citizen of
iOndon. He .says :] I'll do so no more, for there
is no entertainment but meat or drink with that
chvss of people. — Knight's Eno., vol. 7, ch. 6,
p. 113.
3601. MIND, Infirmities of. Univerital. It is
a very ancient remark, that folly has its corner
in the brain of every wise man ; and certain it
is, that not the poets only, like Ta.sso, but the
clearest minds — Sir Lsiuic Newton, Pascal, Spi-
noza — have been deeply tinged with in.saiiity. . . .
It was at iea.st naturid for Bradford and his con-
temporaries, while they acknowledged his [Koger
Williams] power as a preacher, to esteem him
\msettled in judgment. — Banckoft's U. S.,
vol. 1, ch. y.
3602. MIND, Surroundings of. CrominU.
Robert Cromwell, father of the future sovereign
of Pingland, brought up his fanuly in iKjverty. . . .
The poor, rough, unyielding nature t)f this 'moist
country, the unbroken horizon, the muddy river,
cloudy sky, and miserable trees . . . were calcu-
lated to sadden the disposition of a child. The
character of the scenes in which wo are brought
up impresses our souls. Great fanatics generally
l)roceed from sad and sterile countries. JVlahom-
et sprang from the scorching valleys of Ara-
bia ; Luther from the frozen moiuitains of Lower
Germany ; Calvin from the inanimate plains of
Picardy ; Cromwell from tho stagnant marshes
of the Ou.se. As is the place, so is the man. —
La.mautink's Cko.mwell, p. 5.
3603. MIND, Undeveloped. lieigii of James
IT. [The Roman CJatholic country squire.] The
disabilities under which he lay hail prevented his
mind from expanding to the standard, moderate
as that standard was, which the minds of Protes-
tant country gentlemen then ordinarily attained.
Excluded when a boy from Eton and Westmin-
ster, when a,' Jiith from Oxford and Cambridge,
when a man from Parliament and from the
bench of justice, he generally vegetated as qui-
etly as the elms of the avenue which led to hi.s
ancestral grange. His corn-tields, his dairy and
his cider press, his greyhounds, his fishing-rod
and his gun, his ale and his tobacco, occupied
almost all his thoughts. W^ith his neighbors, in
spite of his religion, he was generally on good
terms. They knew hint to be imambitious and
inoffensive.— Maiai'i.av's Eno., ch. 8, p. ;i()0.
3601. MIND undisturbed. SuDnirl Johnson.
When a person was mentioned who .said. "I
have lived tlfty-one years in this world without
having had ten minutes of uneasiness," he
exclaimed, "The man who says so lies; lie at,
tempts to impose on human Credulity." Tho
Bishop of Exeter in vain observed that men
were very didVrent. Ilis Lor<lshi|)'s manner was
not impressive, and 1 learned afterward that
Johnson did not lind out that the person who
talked to him was a prelate ; if he had, I doubt
not that h(! would have treated him with more
respect. — Buswki-l'h Johnson, p. 510.
3605. MIND, Versatility of. Qneen Eliznhelh.
Elizabetli could talk jioctry with Spenser and
philo.sophy with Bruno ; she covild discii.ss eu-
phuism with Lilly, and enjoy the chivalry of Es-
sex ; she could turn from talk of the last fash-
ions to pore with Cecil over despatches and
treasury-books ; she could |)ass from tracking
traitors with Walsingham to .settle jioints of (lo<>-
trine with Parker, or to calculate with Frobisher
the chances of a north-west pa.s.sage to the Indies.
The versatility and many-sidedness of her mind
enal)led her to understand every pha.se of the
intellectual movement about her, iind to tix by a
.sort of in.stinct on its higher representativ":. —
Hist, ok Eno. Pkoi'i.k, ^ 710.
3606. MINDS, Narrow. Chnnieteristie. Defoe,
in general no illiberal judge, complained of tin;
inconveniences of Bristol — its narrow streets, its
narrow river, and " also another narrow — that
is, the n\inds of the generality of its people." —
Knight's Enu., vol. 5, ch. 1, [). 7.
3607. MINISTERS constrained. Mtihomet.
Aboutaleb, dreading the calamities which woidd
attlict the peoi)le through the civil war which
the obstinacy of his nephew was about to i)ro-
voke, besought the deputies to wait, and sent to
call Mahomet. " Avoid then. ".said he to him in
their presence, with a tone of rejiroach and ])a-
ternal pain, " to bring upon thee and thine the
calamities that now inenance us." " Oh, my lui-
cle," replied iMahomet, .sadly, " I would wish it
were in my powitr to obey tiiee without a crime ;
but though the sun were made to descend upon
my right and the moon upon my left, to compel
me to sileni'O, iinil though death were .set before
me face to face, to intimidate me, 1 would not
give up the work which I am ordered to at-
tempt." In speaking these words he wept
Avith regretat not being able to gratify his uncle,
and being inevitably cast oil' by him in C(jnse-
quence. He made some stejis to leave the as-
sembly ; but Aboutiilel), affected by his counte-
nance and edified by hiscoiwietion, .said to him,
" Come back, my brother's son." >lahomel ap-
proached him. " Well," said the uncle to him,
" go on prophesj-ing what thou wiliest, never —
I vow it here before thy.self and thy accti.sers —
shall I abandon thee to "thine enemies." — La.mak-
tine's Tl'ukey, p. 70.
360§. MINISTERS, Discreet. Pugans. [Ju-
lian the Apostate endeavored to elevate the pagan
religion of the Romans. lie said :] When they
are summoned in their turn to officiate before the
altar, they ought not, during the appointed num-
ber of days, to depar". from the precincts of the
T
426
MINISTERS— MINORITY.
■ i;
temple ; iKir hIiouKI h Hiiif^le day he; HufTered to
eliil)se without tlie priiyer.siiii(ltlit'Hii(;rifiee wlileli
tliey are obliged to offer for the proNperity of llio
Stnte and of individuals. The e-xercise of their
sacred funeliouM retpiires an iininaeulate purity,
both of mind and Itody ; and even when they
are dismissed fromtlie temple to the occupations
of common life, it Isincumoent on them to excel
in ditcency and virtue the rest of their fellow-
citizens. Tile priest of tlie gods should never
l)e seen in tlieatres or taverns. His conversation
sliould he chaste, Ids diet temperate, his friends
of honorabl(! rep\itation ; and if lu; Hometimes
visits tht! Forum or the I'alace, heshoidd apjiear
only as the advoi'ale of those who have vainly
Kolicit(,'d either justice or mercy. His studies
should be suited to the sanctity of his profession.
— Uihhon'h Uo.mk, ch. 28, p. 426.
3600. MINISTERS, Salary of. £.10 ^^£72. Fin
1(1H8 eminent cler'.'-ynien's income was £72. 'i lie
lesser clergymen £ht).J— Kniout'h Enu., vol. 0,
ch. 3, p. ati.
3610. . Pxidin Tohacco. [In 1754,
in the colony of Virginia, tobacco] was themeas-
iire of value, and the i)rincipal currency. Pub-
lic otHcers, ministers of the church, had their
salaries paid at so many annual i)oun(ls of to-
bacco. — Kniohth En(i., vol. 6, ch. 13, p. 207.
361 1 . MINISTERS, WiveB of. Butka in IMI.
[Her duties were to see that his dairy was kej)!
sweet, his wool convertetl into useful raiment,
his strawberry plants trimmed and wat(.'red, ajul
his bees hived in due season.] — Knight's Enu.,
vol. 2, ch. 2», p. 4H8.
3613. MINISTERS, Work of. Lai/. It mav
be aftirmed that not only was Methodism found-
<'d in the New World by local i)reachers — by
Embury in New York, Webb in New Jersey
and Pennsylvania, Strawbridge in Maryhuul,
Neal in Canada, Gilbert in the West Indies, and
Black in Nova Scotia — but that nearly its whole
frontier march, from the extreme north to the
Gulf of Mexico, has been led on by these hum-
ble laborers. — Stevens' M. E. Ciilucii, vol. 2,
p. 139.
3613. MINISTRY, Call to the. lit/ a Text.
Two of the early Methodists, who.se names were
Owen and Carpenter, had freepient conversa-
tions about their duty to proclaim the go.spel.
Thev agreed to .settle the (juestion by opening
the ISible and following the lead of the first pas-
sage which i)reseiite(l itself. Owen opened the
IJible, and the first sentence his eyes fell upon
was, " Woe is me if I preach not the gospel."
Carpenter .said, "I cannot." Owen said, "I
will ;" the thing with him was settled. — Ste-
vens' M. E. Ciiiiicii, vol. 2, p. 334.
361 'I. . MetlmUats. [At tlie third
Weslej'iin Conference three tests were given to
decide the question for tho.se who felt called to
])reach the gosiicl.] "Have they gifts, grace,
and usefulness '.' First : Do they know God as a
pardoning God V Have they the love of God
abiding in them ? Do they drisire and seek
nothing but God ? Are they hoij in all manner
of conversation ? Second : Have they gifts (as
well as grace) for the work ? Have they (in
some tolerable degree) a clear, sound understand-
ing ? Have thej' a right judgment in the things
of God V Have they a just conception of salva-
tion l)y faith ? And has God given them any
degree ot utterance ? Do they speak justly,
readily, clearly ? Third : Have they fndt 't Aro
any truly convinced of sin, and converted to God
by their preaching 't As long as the.se Ihreo
nuirks concur in any, we believe," alllrmed tho
Conference, " that he is called of God toprea(;h.
Tlie.se we receive as a HuJfficUnt proof that he is
moved thereto by the Holy (Ihont ;" a deeisiou
which has never been es.sentially modified [liy
the Methodist Church]. — Stevens' Mktiiouis.m,
vol, 1. p. 310.
3615. MINISTRY, An early. Iter, lliehard
Wdtnon. This eminent theologian of W«'sleyan
3Iethodism entered the nnnistry when sixteen
years old. He was remarkable in childhood for
the precocity of his faculties. — Stevens' j^Ietu-
ODis.M, vol. 3, p. HI.
3616. MINISTRY, Expelled from the. Rer.
S(t))iuel ,/ohiiMon. it was resolved that, before
the |)unishment was intlicted, .lohn.son should
be degraded from the i)riesthood. The prelates
who had been charged by the ecclesia.stical com-
mission with the care of the diocese of London
cited him before them in the chapter liouse of
Saint Paul's Cathedral. The manner in which
he went through tlu; ceremony made a deej) im-
])ression on many nnnds. When he was stripped
of his sacred roi)e, he exclaimed, " You are tak-
ing away my gown because 1 have tried to keep
your gowns on your backs." Tin; only part of
the formalities which seemed todistresshim was
the ])lucking of the liible out of his hand. Ho
made a faint struggle to retain the sacred hook,
kissed it, and burst into tears. " Y'ou cannot,"
he said, " deprive me of the hopes which I owe
to it." [He had written tra(;ts against Uomau-
ism.] — Macailav's Enu., ch. 0, p. 09.
3617. MINORITY, Power of. J<imen IL Then
followed an auction, the strangest that history
has recorded. On one sloe the king, on the
ot.lx'r the Church, began to bid eagerly against
each other for the favor of those whom up to
that time king and Church had combined to op-
press. The Protestant Dissenters, who, a few
months before, had been a despi.sed and pro-
scribed cla.ss, now held the balance of power. The
harshness with which they had been treated was
imiversally condemned. The court tried to
throw all the blame on the bierarchv. The hier-
archy flung it back on the court. The king de-
clared that he had unwillingly persecuted tho
separatists only because his aliairs had been in
such a state that he could not venture to dis-
oblige the established clergy. The establishei]
clergy protested that they liad borne a part ii»
severities uncongenial to their feelings only
from deference to the authority of the king. —
Macaulay's Eng., ch. 7, p. 199.
3618. MINORITY, Power of. Cromwell.
Cromwell h.aving a design to set up himself,
and bring the crown upon his own head, sent
for some of the chief city divines, as if he made
it a matter of conscience to be determined by
their advice. Among these \\ i the leading Mr.
Calamy, who very boldly opposed the project of
Cromwell's single government, and offered to
prove it both unlawful and impracticable. Crom-
well answered readily upon the first head of un-
lawful, and ai)pealetl to the safety of the nation
being the supreme law. " But," says he, " pray,
MINOltlTY— MIHACLKS.
427
Mr. Ciiliimy, wliy Imprnrtlcable ?" Ho rcpHcd,
" Oh, It l>t iiK'ili"'' 'I't' Vdici- of (lie nation ; theni
will Ix" nine in ten apiiiiNt you !" " Very well,"
Buys Cromwell; "but wlmt if I should disarm
thu nine, and |)ut tho sword in the tenth man's
liand — would not thai do the business V" — Note
IN Tyti.ku'm IIiht., Hook «, eh. HO, p. 410.
3010. MINORITY, Freiumptuoui. Aniicrinf/
Knijliiiid. TIk! lure to James was tins ha id of
the Kn>,dish khiK'n dau^jhler, iMarj^niret Tudor.
For five years the neKoliations dra,ir^;ed wearily
nlonjr. 'I'lie biller hale of llie two neoples block-
ed the way, and even Henry's ministers objected
that the knjflish crown mi>;ht be made by tlie
match the herilii>;e of a Scottish kinj;. " Then,"
tliey said, "Sc((lland will anne.x England."
" No," said the king, with shrewd sense; "in
Buch a ca.so England woidd annex Hcolland, for
th(! greater always draws to it thu less." His
steady jiressureai last won the day. In 15021110
marriage! treaty with th(! Scot king ^vas formal-
ly concluded; and (piiet, as Henry trusted, se-
cured iu the north. — Hiht. ok ENd. Peoim.k,
g 500.
3030. MIRACLE, Fraudulent. Weeping Vir-
gin. At Lorello llien; was an imago of tlio Vir-
gin, which the ('hurch rei)resented as of celestial
origin, and which . . . .seemed to shed tears in
view of the perils of the Papacy. NaiJoleon sent
for the sacred imago, o.xposed the deception, by
yvhich, through the instrumentality of glass
beads, tears ap|)eared to tlow, and miprisoned
the priests for (leluding the people with trickery
■which tended to bring all religion into contempt.
— Ahhott's Nai'olkon B., vol. 1, cli. 7.
3031. MIRACLES, False. JMphic Pricxts. The
town of Delphi, famous for it.s oracle, wa.s a
tempting object of plunder, from the treasures
accumulated in its temple. These were saved
by the laudable arlirtco of the jmests. After or-
dering the inhabitants of the town to qtiit tlieir
liouses, and fly \vith their wives and children to
the mountain's, tlieso men, from their .skill in
that species of legerdemain winch can work mir-
acles upon the rude and ignorant, contrived, by
artificial thunders and lightnings, accompanied
^vith horrible noises, ^vllile vast fragments of rock
}iurled from (ho precipices gave all the appear-
ance of an ('arlli(|uake, to create such terror in
the assailing Persians [under Xerxes], that they
lirmly believed the divinity of the place liad in-
terfered to i)rotect his temple, and tied \vith dis-
may from the sacred territory. — Tyti.eh's Hist.,
Books, ch. 1, p. 134.
3023. . Mahomet's. TJic votaries
of ^[alioniet are more assured than himself
of his miraculous gifts, and their confidence and
credulity increase as they are further removecl
from the tinu; and i)lace of his spiritual ex-
l)loits. They believe or affirm that trees went
forth to meet him ; that he was saluted by stones ;
that water gushed from his fingers ; that he fed
the hungry, cured the sick, and raised the dead ;
that a beam groaned to him ; that a camel com-
plained to him ; that a shoidder of mutton in-
formed him of its being ])oisoned ; and that both
animate and inanimate nature were ecpially sub-
ject to the apostle of God. — Giubok's Mahom-
et, p. 25.
3023. . Mahomet's. A mysterious
animal, the Borak, conveyed him from the
temple of Mecca to that of .Jerusalem ; with hist
companion Gabriel he; successively ascended X\n\
Heven heavens, and received and repaid the sal-
utations of the patriarchs, the ])ropbets, and
the angels, in their resju'ctlvt! mansions. Be-
yond the seventh heaven Mahomet alone was
perndtted to proceed ; he passed llu; veil of uni-
ty, aiiproached within two l)ow shots of thc!
throne, and felt a cohl that pierced him to the
heart when his shoulder was touched by the
hand of (iod. After this familiar thoUL'ii Im-
portant conversation he again descended to .le-
ru.salem, rem<amted the Borak, returned to .Mec-
ca, "iid |)erformed in the tenth part of the night
the journey of many thousand years. Accord-
ing to another legend, tlu; apostlt; confowndetl
in a national as.sembly the 'nallcious challenge
of the Koreish. His resist less word split asun-
der th(( orb of (he moon ; (he obedient jilanet
stooped from her station in the sky, accomplish-
ed \\\i' .s(!ven revolutions round the Caaba, salut-
ed Mahomet in the Arabian tongue, and, sud-
deidy contracting her dimensions, enlered at the
collar, and issued forth through the sleeve of his
shirt. — Gihhon'h Ho.mk, ch. 50, p. llij.
302't. MIRACLES by Martyrs. Catholie.
[Th(! disobedience of the Catholics of Tipasa in
Africa toward the Arian IjIsIioji apjiointed over
then'., exasperated thej cruelty of Hunneric. A
nulitary count was desiiatched from (Jarlhage to
Tipasa ; ho collected the Catholics in the Forum,
and, in the presence of the whole i)rovince, de-
l)rived the; guilty of their right hands and their
tongues. But the holy confessors continued to
speak without tongues ; and this ndraclo is at-
tested by Victor, an African bishoj), who i)ub-
lislied a hi.story of the persecution within two
years after the event. " If any one," says Vic-
tor, " shoidd doubt of the truth, let him repair
to Constantinoi)le, and listen to tlie clear and jht-
fect language of Hestitutus, tlie std>-deacon, one
of these glorious sufferers, who is now lodged in
the palace of the Emperor Zeno, and is respected
by the devoiit emi)re.ss." At Conslantinoi)l(! wo
are astonished to find a cool, a learned, and un-
excei)tionable witness, witliout interest and
without passion. -iEneas of Ga/a, a Platonic
])hilosopher, lias accurately described his own
oiiservations on these African sulTerers : " I saw
them myself ; I heard them speak ; I diligently
iiKjuiied by what means such an articulate voice
could be formed without any organ of speech ; I
used my eyes to examine the report of my ears ;
I o|iened "their mouth, and .saw that the whole
tongue had been coniiiletely torn away by the
roots — an operation which the jihysicians geiier-
allj' sujijiose to be mortal." The testimony of
yEiieas of Gaza might be confirmed bj' the su-
perfiuous evidence of the Emperor .lustiiiian, in
a perpetual edict ; of Count Marcellinus, in his
chronicle of the times ; and of Pope Gregory
I., who bad resided at (Jonstantinople as the
minister of the Roman pontiff. — Gibuon's Rome,
ch. 85, p. 557.
3025. MIRACLES, Modern. Pasenl. Pascal
was fully iiersuaded that miracles were still jiei-
formed in this world. One of his nieces was af-
flicted, for three j'cars and a half, with a flstu'ia
in the tear-gland of one of her eyes, wliich the
most eminent surgeons of Paris pronounced in-
curable. The mother of the child, acting upon
^mm^
4--IH
MIRACLES— MISSION.
IIk- lulvlco of PuHonl, l»M)k Ikt ton rlmrcli wIuth
WHS prcsiTvcd what was ciillrd " llic holy lliorn"
— tlial U, oiic of (lie tlioniM of Clirlm's crown of
tlioniM. 'I'lic llstiilti was llu'ii so liad tliiil iiiiiltcr
ran from ii, not only tliroii^li tlic rye, liut fioiii
the nose and nioiilli. " Ncvcrlliclcss," slic sjiys,
" llir child wuscnrcd, in a nionicnt, Ity thcloiicli
of the lioly Ihorn." — C'vt i.oi'KDIa ok Hiou.,
p, lo:».
:i«il<l. MIRACLES, Monklih. r.<f/ni<liin/. [TUo
l'->;yplian and Syrhm monks were considered tlw
favorites of lieaven, and wen? aceustomeil to curt!
inveteriitiMliseases willi u loucli, ii word,] or ii
(lislant mes.sa>>;e, and to expel tlie most oltslinatit
demons from tlie souls or l)odie.s widcli tliey pos-
HcsHcd. 'I'liey familiarly accosted, or imperious-
ly eommanded, tlie lions and serpents of the des-
L'rls ; infused ve>;elation into a sapless trunk;
Husp<'nded iron on (Ik; surface of tho water ;
passed the Nile on tlio hack of ii crocodile, and
refreshed themselves in ii fiery furnace. These
t'.\travaj,'ant tales, wliich display tlu! fiction, witli-
out the genius, of poetry, lnivoserif)UslvalTected
the reason, the faith, and the morals of the
Christians. — (Jinnos'hi Homk, cli. U7, p. MO.
»6ar. MIBTH, 111 timed. Cromirdl. [Trial
of Charles 1.] Another of his relations, (!olonel
Injjoldshy, entered the hall accidentally while
the olHcers were sifrninif the sentence' of the I'ar-
liament, and refused to set his nanu! to an net
that his conscience disapproved. ( 'rom well rose
from his seat, and claspinjj Injjoldshy in his
arms, as if the death-warrant of the kinu; was
II camp froli(\ carried him to the table, aiid^niid-
in^ the jx'ii in his liand, forced him to siirii. with
n laiii^'h and a joke. When all had alHxcd their
names, Cromwell, as if unable to contain his joy,
snatched the i)en from the lin;jers of the ia.sl,
dipped it anew in llie ink, and smeared the face
of his next neijjhlior, citlierthinkiiiiror not thiid<-
inir that in that ink hi; beheld the blood of his
kin^^ — La.m.vktink'm Ckomwki.i,, p. 44.
;i6*i§. MISFORTUNE, Born to. Chovhit L
There were many unfortiuiale circunihtances
which combined to brin^ about the unhap|iy
doom of Charles I. Hi; was unforlunale in his
own nature, in liimself ; it was ludiappy that
one with ii nature so weak and ii will so stroni;
should be called upon to facc^ men and circum-
stances such as he f(jund arrayed auainst him.
Hut we have always thounht tint most unfortu-
nate in the life ut Charles t > have been that he
was the son of his fatiier. The name of .lames I.
has become, speakinir on the best authority, .syn-
onymous with every sentim "Ul of contempt. It
is ((uito doubtful whether i; sinirle feature of
character or a sinjrle incident in his liistory can
command unchallenired regard or res|)ect ; that
about him which does not provoke indiirnation
excites laughter. His conduct as .sovereiirn of
his own country, of Scotland — before he succeed-
ed to the throne of Euirland — was such as to awa-
ken more than our sus])icion, beyond doubt to
rouse oui- abhorrence, ile has been handed down
through history as a f^reat investigator of tlie
mysteries of kingcjaft ; but tlie record of the
criminal trials of Scotland shows that he chioHy
«'.\erci.sed his sagacity among tI.ose mysteries
for the imrpose of procuring vengeance on those
mon.sters of iniquity who had sneered at his per-
son or undervalued his abilities. Whenever his
own person was reflected on he followed the dif
lin<iuenl like ii iianllier prowling for his prey ;
and, as I'itcalrn iuis sliown in his immense and
invaluable work on the criminal trials of Scot-
land, he iM'ver failed in pursuing his vi( tim to
death. — IIood'h Cuo.mwki.i,, ch. )l, p. 84.
ilOtlft. MISFORTUNE, Cruelty with. Ami-r.
ii'iiii IniliiniH. The aged and Intlrm met with
little tenderness [from the hunting tribes|. The
hunters, as they roam the wilderness, desert their
old men ; if ju'ovisions fail, the feeble drop
down and are tost, or life isshoitened by a blow.
, . , Tliose who lingered among Ihein jwitli
serious diseiises), csj)eclaily the aged, were some-
limes neglected, ami sometimes put to death. —
Uancuokt'h I'. S., vol. !», ch. yi».
.1€30. MISFORTUNE, Fellowihlp in. f.nrien
JhiiiiiiiiirU. AVhen Napoleon was imprisoned
upon the rock of St. llelemi, Luclen applied to
th(! Hritish Uovernment for perndssion to shiiro
his caplivitv. lleollercd to go, with or without
his wife anu children, for two years. lie engaged
not to occasion any augmentation of tlie t'\
pen.se, and iiromised to submit to every restric-
tion placed upon his brother. — Auhott'h Nai-o-
I.KON H., vol. 2, ch. 1.
3«3I. MISFORTUNE overruled. Olinr Gold-
Hmith. [He intended to sail for Holland ; . . .
was diverted by jovial companions, and sailed
for Mordeaux.J It seem-* that tiKMigrecable com-
panions witli whom our gretmhorn Jiad struck
up such a sudden intiiiiacy were Scotchmen
in the French .service, who had been in Scot-
land enlisting recruits for the French army.
Jn vain (joldsniitli ])i'olested his innocence ; lio
was marched otf with his fellowrevellers to
jjrisoii, whence he with dilUculty obtained his
release at the end of a fortnight. Willi his cus-
tomary facility, however, at i)alliating his mis-
adventures, he found everylliing turn out for
tlie best. His iin|)risonment saved his life, for
during his detention the ship iiroceeded on her
voyage, but was wrecked at the mouth of the
Oaronne, and all on board jierished. — luviNu's
Goi.DSMrrii, ch. .'>, \\. 4.").
3«:ia. MISFORTUNES, Effect of. Fmhriek the
(Ivtiit. (Hy till! misfortunes <jf war and the lo.ss
of his niotiier.J the most cynical of men was
very unliap|>y. His face was so haggard and
his form so thin that when on his return from
Hobeniia he passed throu.ub Leipsic, the people
hardly knew him again. His sleep was broken;
the tears in spite of himself often started into his
eyes ; and the grave began to present itself to his
agitated mind as the best refuge from miseiy
and dishonor. ... He always carried about
with him a sure and speedy poison in a small
glass ca.sc ; and to the few in w Ikjiii he placed
confldence he niado no mystery of his resolu-
tion. — MaCAULAY'S FllKUEKICK TllK GKKAT,
p. i'O.
3033. MISSION in Life. Willi'ini Princf of
OrtiHf/e. (He had be«'n invited to invade Eng-
land, to rescue it from tyraiiii}' and Catholicism.]
Hundreds of Calvinislic iireachers proclaimed
that tlie same jxiwer which liad set apart Sam-
.son from the womb to be the .scourge of tlio
J'liilistine, and which had called (Jideon from
the threshing-tloor to smite the Midianite, had
raised up William of Orange to be the chnm-
MI88I()N-MIHHION8.
4^iU
|)ion of nil fr*M> imtionHiiiid of nil piinMliurclicH ;
nor \\{in tliJH iiiitioii without intliicnrtton Ills own
initui, To tlie conddiiu-d wliii li tlic Ih-roii; fit
tallHl plttct'd in liislMMfh (U'Mliny iin<l in IiIh sacnd
riiiiHc is to Im' imrliy uttrilxitcit his Hin^uliir in
(lilTfi'i'iict' to (liuiKt r II<t hud a Kfciit woi k to
do ; and till it was lone, nothiiiK could harm
Idin. Thfit foiu it was tliul, In Npiic of pliysl-
tiaiiM, he n-covcri'd from inidadic^ which sccint'd
hoix'li'ss , that hands of assassins conspiiTd in
vuin apdnst his lift; ; that the open skitT, to
which he trusted himself in a starirss id^ht, on
V ra;;inj^ ocean, and near a treacncrous shore,
>)rou;;ht him safe tw land ; and that, on twenty
fields of hattle, tlie cannon-i)alls passed him to
tlie rii^ht and kit. — .Mac at lay's Km,., cli. 7,
J). 170,
.1«:M. mission mitjudged. Sfnin;/,ri>. \Kbvj;
Louis l'liilip|)e and ills hmtliers visited America,
and went W est in disguise.) In a log-tavern
of a sln^rle apartment, wherein thc^ guests
slept on the llixir and llie landlord anl his wife
on the only lied-ilead, the duke overheard the
landloiil, in llie ni>(ht, sayin/r to his wifo what a
pity it was that three such i)r(imiH(n>j youiiLr
men should lie roaiuinj; aliout the country witli-
oul olije( I, insleail of liuying land in that settle-
iiieiU and estalilisliinjr themselves respectably. —
Cvn.iii'i;i)iA oi' Mioo., p. 501).
HWM. MISSIONABIES, Disooveriea by. Caih-
oli<\ Y(!ars het'ore the I'ilifrims anchored within
Cape Cod. the Uomaii C hurch had heen planted,
by niissi. diaries from France, in tlie Eastern
moiety of Maine ; and Le Caron. an miambi-
tious I'^ranciscan, iIk^ companion of Cliam|ilain,
luid penetrated the lands of the Mohawks, had
passed to the north into the huutinsjj-jjrounds of
the Wyandots, and, bound by his vows to the
life of a lie;;!far, had, on loot, or iiaddliii!; a
bark cannoe, trone onward end still onward,
taking alms of the savages, till he reached the
rivers of Lake 11 iron. — IJa.ncuokt'h I'. S.,
vol. a. eh. liO.
3«;i«. MISSIONARIES, Heroism of, JrHuih.
Immediately ' n its institution liii'ir missiona-
ries, kindled with a heroism which delitid every
danger and endured every toil, made their way
to the ends oft lie earl h ; they raised the endilem of
man's salvation on the .Mofuccas. in India, in Ju-
lian, in ('ochiii Cliina ; they penetrated Klliiopia,
ami reaclied llie Abyssinians ; tbe^' planted mis
sions among Uie Callres ; in California, on llie
banks of the Maranhon, in th(,> jilains of Para-
guay, they invited the wildest of barbarians to the
civi'li/ation if Ciiri.stianitv. — Banciiokt's L'. S.,
vol. ;3, eh.
»0:t7. MISSIONABIES, Zealous, IHxh. Pat-
rick, the liisl mis onary of the island, had not
been half a century dead when Irish Christianity
Hung itself with a'litiy zeal into battle wiiii the
mass of heathenism which was rolling in upon the
Christian world. Irisli missionaries labored
among the Picts of the Highlands and among
the Fi'isians of ilu; nortliern was. An Irish mi.s-
.sionary, Columba, foiuided monasteries in Bur-
gundy and the A|)ennines. The Canton of
St. Gall still commemorates in its nanu' another
Irish mi.ssionary, before whom the spirits of Mood
and fell lied wailing over the waters of the Lake
of Constance. For a lime it seemed as if the
courM' of the world's history was to be chaiigcd ;
a.M if the older (VIlic race that lioinan anil 'Jer-
man had switpt In-fore them had turned to the
moral coiiqueHt of their coniiuerors ; as if Ci-ltic
and not Latin Christ iaidly was to moidd the <leH-
tlnicHof llie churcheH of the West. — lIlHT, ov
K.NOLiHii Pkoim.k. j5 40.
!I«:|M. MISSIONARY, A fklu. CorUt. Rix larf^o
vessels were siieedily ctpiipped, and three hun-
dred men eagerly volunteered to follow a leader
already known tor his courage and nkill. Tho
orders given by \'ela.si|ue/. to the commander of
the e.v|iedition enjoined it upon him to deal
gentlvand lilierally with the- Mexicans, sinec^ tho
grand objeetsin view were, tirst, and above all,
to convert them to Christianity ; secondly, to
open with them a peaceful, honest commerce ;
and, lastly, to get such aknowledgeof the coun-
try and iis waters as would be of use to future
navigators. — Cv< i.oimjiia ok Bio(i , p, ;i-0.
:|«:M>. missions by Conquest, luiilnir. The
king |of Portugal), entering warmly into his
[Alfonso d'Albui|uer(|ue| views, gave him a se
cret (■ommission as (Jovernor in-Chief of the In-
dies, wjib powers almost ab>niute, and with
orders to go out merely as ciii>tain of one of tlu;
ships of a fleet, and, on reaching India, to pro-
duce his commission and a-suiiK! the suiiremo
command, lie set sail in l.'iOtl, in the tlfty-
fo\irt|] year of his agi', commanding oiu! vessel
of a tleet of fourteen .sail. His coinmi.ssion ex-
pressly stated that the king's tirst object was tlui
spread of Christianity, and that to this end all
ollieis were to be striclly .secondary. (India was
not Cliristiani/.eil by an armed tleet,]— ('vti.oi'i-,-
DiA OK BiiKi., p. ;{i;{.
!I«40. MISSIONS destroyed. In.hipiin. Polit-
iciil tenets, it may !■■ believed, had mingled them-
selves with religious notions, and the emperor
was very .justly appreliensi\(' that this fervor
sliowfi by the S]ianiards and Portuguese for the
conversion of his subjects was but a preparative
totheirdi'signsagainst the empire itself. . . . Still,
however, the indulgenee of the emperor allowed
theses foreigners a free trade till the year 1ISH7,
when a .Sjianish sliiit happened to be taken by
the Dutch, near the Cape of Good Hope, on
board of wliicli were found letters from a Portu-
guosi? ollicer to the court of Spain, containing
the project of a conspiracy for dethroning and
putlingto death the Emiierorof .lapan, and sei/.-
ing the government. The Dutch were jealous
of th(^ lucrative trade carried on by tlw Spaniards
in this country, and immediately conveyed in-
telligence of this conspiracy to the court of .la-
lian. The Portuguese olticer was seized, and
confessed the whole design, lie was immediately
put to death, and the emperor, in a solemn as-
.seinl/ly of his nobles, iironoiinced an c^dict for-
biddiiiix. on ]iain of dealli, any of his subjects
leavin;: the kingdom, and commanding that all
the Spaniards and Portuguese should be instantly
cxiielied from .lapan ; that all Clnistiau converts
should b(^ impri.soned, and olTering a very high
reward for the discovery of any jiriest or mis-
sionary who slioukl remain in his dominions.
The Christians actually rose in lU'ins, and were
mad enough to attempt resistance, but they were
overpowered and expelled to a man. — Tytlek's
Hist., Book 0, eh. 24, p. 250.
3tt4l. MISSIONS develop Science, Columbus.
[Discovery of unknown lands.] A deep re-
43U
MI8HI0NH— MODKHTV.
I
IltrloiiN w'DlliiK'nt iniiiKli'tl with IiIm incilitntlonM,
IIMli ^liVC Ihl'llt lit liniCN li lillUI llf NII|HT>«lil|l)||,
liiit il wiiNof u siiltliiiK'uiid lofiy kind ; III' ItMiki'fi
il|M>ii lilinsi'lfiiM NtainliiiK in tlif liiiiiilor lli'iivin,
clioHi-ii rniin iiiiiiiii>( iiii'ii for tlir iici'oiiiiiliNii
ini'iil (if its IiIkIi |Mir|iiiNi> ; lie rnid, us lir niii)
ixmi-il, Ids <'ollli'lil|iliit('ii dlHcovi'rv fnl'i'tiild ill
lliily Writ, and Mliadnwcd lurtli diirkly in liii>
iiiysilc rcvi'lalions of llir pioiilicls. 'rin'ciidsitf
till! carlli wci'i' Id lie liruiiirjit lii^rllii'r, and ail iia
tiniiM Htid liiniriii's and lanKiiaKi"^ iiniD'd iiiidtT
the liaiiiii'i's of till' Iti'dccinci'. This was to Ik' the
triiiinpliani consiiininalion of Ids niicriirisc,
liriiiKiiiK III'' rciniitc and niiknowti rr^ionsof liic
earth into coiiiiniinioii willi Chri-^tian Kiirii|ii' ;
carrying the IIkIiI of Hk' inic faith into luniixht
mI and pa^an lands, and pitlicrini^ their coiiiil-
Icss nations under the holy iloniinioii of the
cliureh. . . . Coliiinhiis llrst roneeived an en-
thusiastie idea, or rather made a kind of iiii'iilal
vow, which remained more or less present to his
mind until tlie verydayof hisdeatii. lie deter-
mineil tiiat, should his projected enterprise he
Hticcessfnl, he would devoti^ llie profits arising
from his anticipated discoveries to a crusadi^ for
the rescue of the holy sepulchre from the jiower
of the inlldcls. — IiiviNd's C'uiAMitt s, Hook 'i,
ch. 4, f).
SKMtl. MISSIONS, Suooeiittil. Ti) .lip,in. The
Siianiards, soon after they olitained the sover-
eignity of I'orlupil, availed theiiiHelves of the
discovery of these islands, and liejian to carry on
an immense trade to the coast of Japan. The |
tliipanevo' wens fond of this intercourse, and the ,
♦■inperor encourajicd it ; hut this favoralile dis-
jHisition was nothinij: more than an incentive to |
th(! amhition of the SpMhiards to ainiat tluMthso-
lute soverei;jnty of the countrv. For this pur-
pose they hepm liy their usuaf rnodiMif einpluy-
inj? missionaries to convert the idolatrous .Iiipan
ese to the Christian reliifjon. Le^^ions of jiriests
■were sent over, and so /ealous were they in their
function, that toward th- end of the sixteenth
century they hoasled that the iiumher of their
new converts amounted to no less than (t()(),!Ki'>.
tSee iMisslons Destroyed.] — TviLKii's III- ,
Jook fl, ch. 24, p. 2.")().
364:i. MISSIONS to be sustained. MdrilU' B.
Cox. [lie was alioiit to einliark as a missionary
to Liheria, and die a martyr's death.] Ton stu-
dent of the Wesleyan Univi-rsity he remarked,
" If I die in Africa, you must come and write i
my epitaph." " What shall it he ?" asked his
youuf,' friend. " Write," he replied," ' Letathou-
saud fall hefore Africa be given up.' " fin less
than tlvc months after his arrival, in IHiW, he
sle])t in an
Ciujucir.
African grave.] — STiiVioNs' 31. E.
36-14. MISSIONS, Zeal for. T)i: rhoimis Coke.
[A friend remonstrated with Dr. Thomas Coke
when he proposed to go to India at his own ex-
pense una there estahlish Weslevan mis.sions, he
being nearly .seventy years old, ] He replied:
" Iain now dead to Europe and alive for India.
God Himself has said to me, Go to Ceylon I I
wouUl rather be .set naked on it.s coa.st, and with-
out a friend, than not to go. I am learning the
Portuguese language continually." — Stevenb'
Methodism, vol. 3, p. 330.
3045. MISTAKE, Encouraging. Columbus.
The great mistake with Columbus and others
will, sliared Ills oiiinloiiM wiin not coiiciTnln^ tho
llgiire of the earth, but in regard to IIm nI/c, Ho
bi'lieviil the uorld to Ih' no morelhiiti ten thou*
Hand or twelvi> tliiaisaiid miles in circumference.
Hetlierefore conlldenlly ex|M'cled that after sail-
ing about three thoUMiind mileM to the wesiwaril
he should arrive at the Kasi Indies ; ami to do
that was the one great purpose of his life. —
Uijii'Arii's I . H., eh. 3, p. M.
30 l<l. MOB, Ttrrifying . Ihnjt. <)ntlie3il
of .March Ilir ( 'niiKi'rijitioii Aft was passed by Con-
gress, and two months afterward the President
ordered a general draft of :iil(l.iHl0 men. All
alile liodied citi/.elis between the ages of twenty'
and fortv live years were subject to the reipiis|.
tion. 'I'he measure was bitterly deiiouneed by
the opponents of the war, and In many places
the draft ollleeis were forcibly resisted. On the
I3tli of .Inly, in the city of New York, a vast
mob rose in arms, demolished the liuildingH
which were oecniiied by the iirovosi marshals,
burned thecoloreil orphan asylum, altacked the
police, and killed aiiouta hundred people, most
of whom were negroes. For three days the au-
thorities of the lily were set at dellaiice. On
the second day of the reign of terror Governor
|lloratio| Seymiair' arrived and addres.sed the
molt in a milil inannered way, itromisiiig that the
draft should be suspended, aiul advising the riot-
ers to disperse ; but they gave little heed to his
mellow admonition, and went on with the work
of destruction, (ieneral Wool, commander of
the military district of New York then look the
matter in liand ; but the troops at his dispo.sal
were at llrst unable to overawe the insurgents.
Some volunteer regiments, however, came troop-
ing home from (Jettysburg ; the .Metropolitan
l'olicecom|)anies were compactly organi/i d, and
the combined forces soon crushed tlie insurrec-
tion with a strong hand. . . . On the lIUli of Au-
gust President Lincoln issued a ]iroclamation
sus|)ending the privileges of the writ of linhcuH
(V'/7»Mtlirouul.t)Ul the Union. — Hidi'ATIis U. S.,
ch. O.'i, p. .VJ2.
3647. MODESTY, ConspicuouB, /^ nj ii m i n
FrtiiikUn. [When very young, he had remark-
able success in his business enterprise and In gain-
ing influential friends. See Success, Deserved.]
Tilt! intelligent and highly cultivated Logan boro
testimony to his merits before they had Imrst
upon the world : " Our most ingenious printer
lias the clearest understanding, with extreme
modesty. He is certainly an extraordinary man,
of a singular good judgment, but of eipial mod-
esty." — Bancuokt's U. S., vol. 3, ch. 23.
364M. MODESTY of Genius. Ikoiic KcirUm.
So littli! did he value the glory of his discoveries,
that he was with didlculty imluced to make them
known to the world, having a mortal dread of
being drawn into controversy. Some of his most
brilliant discoveries remained unimbli.shed for
several years. And when, at last, his Principia
had appeared, which contained the results of hi.s
studies, he had to be much persuaded before ho
woidd con.sent to issue a second edition. — Pak-
ton's Newton, p. 8.'j.
3649. MODESTY, A Hero's. GarihohU. "When
tho successful villainy of Louis Napoleon had
ruined the cause of Italian independence. Gari-
baldi was one of the hundreds of brave men who
sought an asylum in the United States. At mid-
MODKSTY-MONKV.
431
miinmcr, In 18.10, In* ri'iuhi'il New York, wlicrr,
of ('(>iir>u>, lii> wiiNiitoiici! Holicilcil III iiiiiki' an ex-
iillHlliiii of liiiiiMcIf, or, iiM wi! Niiy, " HI ri'iit Ji
ovutioii." Il*> iiKxIfMlly iiNki'd to li<< fXcUMi'il.
Niicli itii cxlilliilloii, III' Hitlil, witN not nrci'MMiirv,
iinil I mild Hot lirl|) tint <'iiiini> ; nor woiilil tlii-
Ainiririin |ii'o|>li', lii> tlioiiKlit, isli'i'in liiiii tlin
less Imtiiiisi' lie viili'tl IiIh Morrows In iirlvmv. All
lir iiNki'd witM to Ihi iiIIowi'iI to ntrii liU living liy
lionrMt liiixir, iinil rrnitiin iiniliT llii' iiroli'ctlonof
till' Aini'ririiii tlii^ until the llnii'Niioiililronii' fur
ri'iiiwiii;; till' iitli'Mipt vvliirli IrciiMon hail fric^trat-
I'll only tor II liiiir. Kroiii hi'ln^ ti ^I'lirral in
roininanil of an army, Oarilialili lii'caiiii'a Stati'ii
IhIiiiiiI ranilli' inakrr, anil hooii ri'Miiniiil his old
calling of nmriiu'r, — Cvci-oi'KUlA o*" Uiuu.,
l*. 4tMt.
:|<M0. MODESTY unoppoiad. Jnhn Ifoiranf.
It has licrii till' lot of many plillanthropiststo cn-
coiintrr olilo<|uy and opposiiion in thrir I'lYorts
to liini'tll mankind. It was Howard's happirr
fortnnt'to enjoy, at all times, the approval ot his
i'onnlryini'ii, and to rreeive nei'dfiil aid from per
Hons in authority, lie was ho di'v;»id of all pre
tenie, and went ahont his work in sueli a quiet,
earnest manner, and pivi; siieh iini|uestionalil(!
jtroofs of the benevulenee of his motives, that the
eninity of men wlios<! «!vil praetiees he exposed
was ilisarmed, and all otht.'rs oliserved his pro-
ceeilini^H with admiration. His rank, too, as a
^enlleman of ind('i»enileiit property, greatly faeil-
itated his lahors, and when lie had i)ultlicly re-
ceiviul the thanks of tlut House of Ciimmons, he
had a kind of ollleial character, which opened to
him the doors of every jail the moment he pri!-
Heiited himself. Hi; pursued his investipitions
in a Vi'ry husineHS-liko manner, carryiiif^ with him
u ruie Willi which to measure the duiifreons, a
l)air of scales for wei^hinjf the allowance of food,
and a memorandum book in which to record
his facts. — Cvci.in'KDrA of Uioct., p. 40.
tMli I . MONEY — AFFECTION. lieMorntion.
"When the commissioners of I'arliament conveyed
to Charles [II. 1 information of the ahoiition of
the Commonwealth, Lord Grenvillc preceded
them with the best jiroof of loyalty and alTec-
tion — t'4.")(M( in ^,'<>l'l ""d ii bill of c.xchantro
for ,€2.'>,00<).— Kniuht's Eno., vol. 4, ch. 14,
p. 230.
3053. MONEY, Changed Value of. Dinroml.
[The relative value of money in the lifteenth
century was fifteen times ^M'eater than at the
present day.] — K.nkiht's Eno., vol. 2, ch. H,
p. 121.
365.1. MONEY, Corrupted by. James If. Ba-
rlllon [the French ministerj received them civil-
ly. Rochester [priinc-nunister of James II. 1,
grown bolder, proceeded to ask for money. " It
will be well laid out," ho said ; "your master
cuunot employ his revenues better. Kejiresent
to him strongly how important it is that the
King of England should be dependent, not on
his own people, but on the friendship of France
alone.". . . liarillon hastened to communicate to
Louis [XIV.] the wishes of the English Govern-
ment ; but Louis had already anticipated them.
His first act, after ho was apprised of the death
of Charles, was to collect bills of exchange on
England to the amount of 500,000 livres, a
sum equivalent to about £37,500 sterling. [See
Kxcuws, IgnomlnioiiN, No. lOTM, |— Macallav'*
Knii., ch. •!, p, 42.5.
3«AI. MONEY, Dangert of. Sju,rl<i>,». Xen-
ophon acquaints us that when l.yHander liad
taken Athens he i iit to Sparta many rich spoiU
and 470 talents of silver. The coming of this
huge mass of wealth created great dispuies at
Hparta. Many celebrated l.yMander's praises, anii
rejoiced exceedingly at this good forliine, as they
< iilled it ; others, who were betler aci|Uainted
with the nature of things, and with their coiisti-
tulion.wereof quiteanotheropinion ; lliey looked
j upon the receipt of this Ireiisiiie asaii open viola-
linn of Hie lawsof Lyciirgus ; and Iliey exprissed
I their apprithensloiis loudly, thai, in process of
time, they might, by a change in their manners,
pay inllnllely more for this mnmy than it was
I worth. The event Jiistilied their fears. — Pi.i •
j TAiirirs Lvt I mil H.
I 3055. MONEY debated. WtthTron. [Lyctir-
giis, (he LacediemoiiiMii lawgiver, wishing to pro-
duce an equality of wealth,] stopped the cur-
rency of the gold and nilver coin, and ordered
that they should make use of iron money only :
then to a great quantity and weight of this lie
assigned but a small value, so that to lay up 10
miiiiv a wlioli' room was reqiiireil, and to reinovo
it nothing less than a yoke of oxen. When this
became current, many kinds of injuHtice ceased
in Lacedieinon. Who w ould steal or take a brilx',
who would defraud or rob, when he could not
conceal the booty ; when he could neither be
dignilled by the iiosucssion of it, nor, if cut in
j)ieces, be served by its use 't For we are told lliiit
when hot they quenched it in vinegar to make
it brittliMinil iinmalleable, and consequently unlit
for any other service. In the next place, he ex-
cludeil unprotitable and siipcrlluous arts ; indeed,
if he had not done this, most of tliein would have
fallen of themselves, when the new money took
place, as the manufacturers I'ould not lu; dis-
|iosed of. Tlu.'ir iron coin would not \w^- i» th')
rest of (Jreece, but was ridiculed and despised,
HO that the Spartans had no means of purchasing
any foreign or curious wares ; nor did any mer-
chant-ship unlade in their harbors. There were
not even to be found in ail their country either
sophists, wandering fortune-tellers, keepers of
infamous hou.ses, or dealers in gold iiiul silver
trinkets, because there was no money. Thus
luxury, losing by degrees the means that cher-
ished and supported it, died away of itself ; even
they who had great i)ossessions had noadvantago
from them, since tliey could not Ix; displayed in
public, but must li(^ u.seless, in unregariled re-
positorif«. — Pl.UTAlUIl'S LYCUUCiLH.
3050. MONEY declined. Penmon. Halifax. . .
offered a pension to [Alexander) Pope, .saying
that nothing should be demanded of him for
it. The young poet had not earned an indepen-
dence, and was in feeble health. " I wrote," he
says, "to Lord Hiilifax to thank him for his
most obliging offer, .saying that I had consid-
ered the matter over fully, and that all the differ
ence that I could find in liaving and not having
a pension was, that if I had one I might live
more at large in town, and that if I had not, I
might live happily enough in the country. So
the thing dropped, and I had my liberty with-
out a coach." — Knight's Enu., vol. 5, ch. 26,
p. 416.
! !|
432
MONEY.
aOAT. MONEY depreciated. " Clifyped." The
millt'd nioiicy (iisappcuri'd almost n.s fast as it wus
iuiiiidd, and tlic liaiiuncred money was clipped
and pure;' more and more, till it was often i. *
worth half or even ii third of the sum for which
it passed. At Oxford, indeed, ii huuilred pounds'
woilh of the current silver n)oney, which ought
to have weighed four hundred ouncs. wils found
to weigh only a hundred and sixteen. Every
mouth tlu) stall! of things was becoming worse
and worse. The cost of conuncHlities was con-
.staiilly rising, and every i)ayment of anyanumnt
involveil endless altercations. In a bargain not
only had the prici of the article to be settled,
but also the vidue of the money in which it was
to lie paid. — Fowi.Jin's Lo.kk, ch. C.
St05M. . " Clipjwl and pared."
All counnenial transactions had become disar-
ranged ; no one knew v hat he v, as really worth,
or wiiat any conunodity might cost him a tew
moullis hence. Macaulay, who has given u
must gnii>hic desrrijjtion of the linancial condi-
tion of the country at this time, hardly exaggx'r-
ates when he says, " It may be doubted whether
all the misery which had been inllicted ou the
Enirlish nation in a (fuarter of a century by bad
kings, bad ministers, bad parliaments, and bud
judges was c(|\ial to the misery causecl in a sin-
gle year by bad crowns and bad shillings." —
FoWI.Kll's Lv.CKE, ch. G.
_ 3<i5». — . Coiitiiiintiil. The finan-
cial credit of the nation \vas sinking to the low-
est ebb. Congress, having "o silver and gold
witli wl'.ich to 'ueet the aceuniulating exi)enses
of the war, had resorted to pajier meney. At
lirst the expedie^.^ was successful, and the conti-
nental bills were received at par ; but as onr is-
sue followed anotlur, the value of the notes iiip-
idly diniiinshed, until, by the middle of ITSO,
they were not worth two cents tothedollar. 'J'o
aggravate Mh! evil, the enussaries of Great Hritain
»'xecutediountei'feitsof thecongre.ssional monej',
and ;)wed the s])urious bills broadcast over the
land, iiusiness was para'yzed for the want of a
currency, and tht! distress became extreme ; but
Jtobert ^lorris and a few other wealthy patriots
canu' forward with their private fortunes and
saved th»i sulVcring colonies from ruin. The
mothers of Anu'rica also lent a helping hand ;
and the ]ii;'riot camp was gladdened with many
ncontribulion of food and clothing which wom-
an's sacriilcing care bad ])rovideil. — JtiDi'ATii's
U. N., ch. 4-2. p. ;!4;{.
3«»<JO. MONEY disregarded. S,i»ni,l Adams.
He was . , twoand forty years of age; poor,
and so cdiiiciilcd with po^■erty that men cen-
suicd him as " wanting wisdom to cstinuiti; riches
at their just value." Hut hi' was frugal and tem-
"leriite ; and his jjrudent and iiulustrious wife,
endowed with liie best (pialities i>f a Xew Eng-
land woman, knew how to worlv with her own
bail Is, .so that the small resources, which men
of the least opulent class would have deemed a
very imi'.i'rfect sui)p(:rt, A\ere sutlieient for his
.simple wants. Vet such was the union of dig-
nity with economy, that w lioever visited him
saw around him every circumst;;nci' of propri-
ety. — lJ.\NCR(>i'"r's U."S., vol. 5, ch. 10.
.'ittOl. MONEY, Earning. Ahr/iham. Liiifoln.
I was about eighteen years of age. 1 belonged,
you know, to what they call down youth the
" scruba" — people wiio do not own slavcnarc no-
bo<ly there. (He con.structi^d a little tlatl>')at to
take produce to market. Two men engaged him
to t^ike them.selve.s and tlieir tnmks out into tlio
stream to the steamboat.] I sculled them out to
the steamboat. They got on board, and I lifted
up theii heavy trunks, and put tliem on deck.
. . . Each of them took from his pocket a silver
half dollar, and threw itou the tloorof my boat.
[He exi)ected oidy two or three bits.] 1 could
scarcely believe my eyes when I saw the money.
... I could scarcely credit that I, a poor boy,
bad earned a dollar m less than a day ; . . . tho
world seemed wider antl fairer before me. I wa3
a mori! hopeful and confident l)cing from that
time. — H.\Y.M()M>'8 Lincoln, p. 754.
3««2. MONEY expensive. (%irh's T. ITe was
reckless in his extravagance, he woidd li.sten to
no advice, his embarrassments increa.sed daily ;
he did not like i)arliaments, and without parlia-
ment how could he obtain a iiarliamentary
grant ? So he ordered the sheiiifs of all tho
comities to demand of all persons of substance,
within their re^ipective limi's, a free gift propor-
tionate to the necessities of the king ; the .sher-
iffs al.so were ordered to take strict cognizance
of all iiersons who refused to contribute, and tho
names of such given in to the Privy Council
were marked out for ])eriH'tual harrying and
hostility by the court. He did not gain much by
this obnoxious and arbitrary scheme — only about
i'.jO.OtX), it is .said ; but it lost him the confidence
and the affection of the entire nation. — llooD'a
cuoMWK.,L, ch. 2, p. yy.
3663. MONEY, Love of. Ji irs. Immediately
after the coiKpiest of Granada he [Ferdinand of
Spain) expelled all the Jews from the kingdom
— a most impolitic ste|), which dei)rived Spain of
about 150,000 inhabitants. The greatest jiart of
these look refuge in Portugal, and carried with
them their arts, their iudu.stry, and tleir com-
merce ; the rest .sailed over into i^.fiica, where
they were still more inhumanly u.sed than in
Si)ain. The Jloors of that country are .said to have
rijiped open their bellies in order to search for
the gold which they wen; su])po.se(l to he.v con-
cealed in their bowels. — Tyti.eu'sHist., BookC,
ch. 14, p. 21i).
3664. MONEY, Meanness and. lie n r y I IT.
[King Henry III. made the royal oflice a trade.]
History presents him in scarcely any other light
than that of an extortioner or a lieggar. . . . The
records of the exche([uer abundantly show that
for forty years " there were no contrivances for
obtaining money so mean or unjust that he dis-
dained to ])racti.se them." . . . 'I'he pope had
more than an equal share of the spoil. — Kniout's
En(i., vol. 1, ch. 24, p. i3(Jl.
3663. MONEY, Paper. MnivifneUirfd. [John
Law, a Scotch adventurer who had mad(! a fort-
une at the gaming-table, proposed to retrieve tho
immense j)ul)lie debt of France by the following
system :] Indetinit(,' issue of jiaiier money, which
was to be substituted for the pri'cious metals as
the circulating metlium. Gold and silver, he ar-
gued, have no real, but only a conventional value;
the supply of them is limited, and cannot be in-
creased at plea.sure. If, then, their value can be
transferred to paper, which can easily be is.sued
toany desired amount, itisevident that national
wealth may be augmented to an almost incou-
l\
MONEY.
433
ccivable extent. A bank was opened in 1716,
hut at first only as a i)rivate enterprise. Its suc-
<'ess was rapid and complete ; and in December,
1718, tlie regent converted it into a royal banlt,
tlie State becoming the projirie^or of tlie wliole
of its twelve hundred shares. — Stcdknth'
France, ch. 23, g 4.
3A66. MONET, Paper. AHxigiKitK. To meet the
urgency of the moment, the corporation of L'aris
contracted to take a certain portion of the [estules
of the church, all of wliich had been contisca-
led, and] wliich was to be resold in course of
time to privat'j individuals ; other municipalities
followed this example ; and as I'lcy were unable
to p;<y in sp,'eio, they were allowed to issue bonds
or promissory notes, secured upon the i)roperty,
which the creditors of the Slate were to ac-
cept instead of money. It was thus that the fa-
mtms system of amgnats took its rise. 'These as-
signats were afterward issued upon the credit of
the government, and, a forced curn^ncj' being
given to tliem, tliey were made to answer all
the purjw.ses of coin. 1^ at as the value of tiio
ussignats depended solely u|)ou i)ublic credit,
the subsequent rapid march of the lievolution
reduced them at length to a state of utter depre-
ciation. They were reissued from lime to time
in immense quantities, but Ijecamc altogether
worthless in the end, the amount in circula-
tion far exceeding tlie whole value of the prop-
erty which they professedly reprcseuteil. — Stu-
dents' Fkance, ch. 26, g 4.
3667. . Bankrupiri/. The assig-
nat-s, which were still a legal tender, realized
no more than the two hundredth part of their
nominal vahu;. At length, after the issue of
jiaper uioney had reached tlie almost incredible
imiount of forty-tive thousand millions (eighteen
hundred milliiJns sterling), it was found utterly
impossible to maintain it in circulation ; the as-
..ignats were refused by all classes, fram the
highest to the lowest, throughout F'rance. The
government now determined to withdraw them,
und substituted for them a new kind of piqier
currency, called mainhitu tcrriloraux ; these ?/<««-
dais were charged upon the landed estates be-
longing to the nation, and entitled the holder
to a certain specified amount of that property,
nccording to the valuation made in the j'ear
1790. The assignats were supjM-essed, and the
plate us(h1 for engraving them broken up, in
March, 1796. The issue; of the niandats was an
impi'ovement. since they represented a substan-
tial value in land, for which they were exclumge-
uble at any moment ; but aft(!ra time they also
fell into discredit, and could oulv be negotiat-
ed at an enormous discount. I'lie measure
led eventually to a bunkru])ley of no less than
tnii ty three miUianls of francs. — Stuuents'
PuANCE, ch. 27, § 12.
366§. . A^neriean Colonies. The
iirst effect of the unreal enlargement of the
currency appeared beneficial, and men rejoiced
in the seeming impulse given to trade. It was
presently found that specie was repelled from
the country by the system ; . . . far from reme-
dying the scarcity of money, it excited a thirst for
new issues. . . . Commerce was corrupted in its
sources by the uncertainty attending the expres-
sions of value in every contract.— -IJ.*nci40ft's
U. S.,vol. 3, ch. 23,
3669.
Liffdl Ti-ndir. The fort-
unes of the war had been wholly on the side of
the French and their allien. IJtlt >iew England
was now thoroughly aroused. In order to pro-
vide the Ways and means of war, a colonial con-
gress was convened at N'^w York. Here it was
resolved to attempt the ('oiupicsl of Canada by
manhiu!,' an army by way of Lake Champlain
against .Montreal. At the same; time .MassaehuselH
was to eo-o|HTate with the liind forces liy send-
ingafieet. by wayof the St. Lawrence, for the re-
duction of Quebec. . . . Vexatious delays retard-
ed the expedition until the miditle of October.
Aleanwhile an Almaki Indian had carried tlio
news of the coming armament to Fronlenac,
Governor of Canada ;and when the tlcet came iti
sight of the town, the castle of St. J.ouis was sd
well garrisoned and provisioned as to bid dcli-
ance to thi; English forces. The oppoitunity
was lost, and it only remained for IMii|)ps to snU
back to Boston. To meet the cxj - - of ihi.'i
unfortunate expedition, Massaehu!' . »; olilig-
ed to issue bills of credit, whic! ,., aide £
legal tender in the paynu^nt of d( '-uiiwa^
the origin of ^>rt;>6'/' moiici/ in Auic i< ' - -lCii>
i-ATiis U. 8., ch. 16, p. 149.
3670. MONEY, Power of. Polltind. [Ivssex
having olTended Queen Elizabeth slus refused
to renew his patents for the valuabic m>)nopoly
of sweet wines when they expired, saying,] la
order to manage an ungovernable beast, he must
be stinted of liis jiroveuder. — Kmuiit's Eno.,
vol. 3, ch. 18, p. 285.
3671. . Samvel Johimon. In civ-
ilized society jwrsonal merit will not serve yoii
so much as money will. Sir, you may make tho
experiment. Go into the street, and give oiio
man a lecture on morality, ami another ashilling,
and sec which will respect you most. If yoa
wish only to support nature, Sir AMIliam Petty
fixes 3'our allowance at £3 a year ; but as times
are much altered, let us call it £<>. This sum
will fill your belly, shelter you from the weather,
and even get you a strong lasting coat, suppos-
ing it to be made of good bull's hide. Now,
.sir, all beyond this is artiticial, and is desired in.
order to obtain a greater degree of respect frniii
our fellow-creatures. And, sir, if .i'GOO a year
proeurea man more conseciuence, and, of course,
more happiness, than £6 a year, the same i)ro-
portion will hold as to £6000, and so on, as far
as opulence can be carried. Perhaps he who
has a large fortune may not be so hai)py as ho
who has a small one ; but thai must proceed
from other causes than from his having tin;
large fortune ; for, art^'iis pnrihus, he who is
rich in a civilized society nuist be happier than,
he wlio is poor ; as riches, if projwrly used (and
it is a man's own fault if they are not), must bo
productive of the higliest advantages. Money,
to lie sure, of its(4f is of no use, for its only
use is to i)art with it. — Boswell'b Johnson,
p. 121.
3©ra. . Didim JuUnnus. [lie had
purcliasctd tlic throne of the Roman Empire at
auction.] He had rea.son to tremble. On the
throne of the world he found himself without a
friend, and even without an adherent. The
guards- themselves were ashamed of the priuco
whom their avarice had persuaded them to ac-
cept ; nor was there a citizen who did not co:isider
• n
I I
434
MONEY.
f
1 - i
'\\
k
1,11
his elevation witli horror, ns the last insult on the
Konian name. The nobility, whose conHpicuous
fttjition and ample possessions exacted the strict-
est caution, dissembled their sentiments, and
met the adeoted civility of the emperor •with
smiles of complacency and jirofessions of duly.
But the peojjle, secvu'e in their inimbers and o'b-
sciu-ity, gtw'ii a free vent to their i)assions. Tlw.
stre(,'ls and iv,il)lie places of Jtomc! n-sounded
■with clamors and imprecations. The enraged
multitude alTronted the jjcrson of Julian, reject-
«'d his liberality, and, conscious of the; impo-
tence of their own resentment, they called aloud
on the legions of the frontiers to assert the vio-
lated majesty of the Uoman Empire. — Giuuon's
Ku.ME, cii. 5, p. 129.
3073. MONEY, Pressure for. LW/fnt Due
d'Orltini.i. 'I'here had been a very large annual
«leticit for fifteen successive years, which had
been made uj) by selling olllces and borrowing
money. When the regent took the reins of
])Ower, he found, 1st, an almost incalculable
debt ; 2il, 80(>,0UU,0()() francs then due ; M, an
empty treasury. Almost every on(! in Paris,
from princes to lackeys, who had any i)roperty at
ail, held the royal paper, then worth one foiirtii
its apparent value. "What was to be done ?
They tried the wildest expedients. The coin
Avas adulterated ; new bonds, similar to those we
tall " preferred," were issued ; men, enriched by
.speodating upon the necessities of the govern-
uieiit, were S(iueezcd until they gave up their
millions. If a man was very rich, and not a
nobleman, it was enough ; the Bastile, the i)il-
lorv, and contiscation extracted from him the
wherewith to sujijily the regent's drunken or-
gies, tlie extravagance of his mistresses, and the
]iay of his troops. 8eryants accused tlieir mas-
ters of possessing a secret hoard, and were rc-
Avarded for their perlidy with one half of it.
Kich men, trying to escape from the kingdom
with their propertj', were liunted down and
brought back to prison and to ruin. Once they
.seized fourteen kegs of gold coin, liidden in
fourteen pipes of wine, just as the wagons were
crossing the line into Holland. One great capi-
talist escaped from the kingdom di.sguised as a
hay-peddler, Avith his money hidden in his liay.
The whole number of persons arrested on the
charge of having more money than they Avanted
Avas 6000 ; the number condemned and lined Avas
4410, and the amount of money Avrung from
them was 400,000,000 francs. — Cyclopedi.v ok
Bnxi., p. 4o3.
3674. MONEY vs. Merit. Mors. 'Many ficti-
tious descendants of Mahomet arose after his
death. One of the Fatimite caliphs silenced an
indiscreet question by draAving his cimeter :
" This, ".said Moez, " is my pedigree; and these,"
casting a handful of gold to Iiis soldiers — " and
these are my kindred and my children." — Gin-
aiON"s UoMK, ch. .'5, p. 1(5(5.
3675. MONEY vs. Religion. BuHi. A fleet
was necessary for the reduction of Rochclle,
Avliere the C'alvinists, Avho then suffered great
persecution, Avere attemjiting to imitate the exam-
ple of the Hollanders, and throw off their sub-
jection to the crown of France. The cardinal
found it impossible to fit out an armament with
that celerity which Avas necessary, and he con-
cluded a bargain Avith the Dutch to furnish a
fleet for subduing their Protestant brethren. An
opportunity thus offere<l of making money, thw
Dutcli had no scruples on the score of con.scieuce ;
and they fought for the (,'atholic religion as
keenly as they had done half v. century before
for the Protestant. — Tyti.eu's Hist., Book 0,
ch. 8."), p. 443.
3676. MONEY, Rule of. Jirif/n of William
and M(iri/. 'J'iie floating credits of conuneroe,
aided by commercial accunudations, soon grcAV
powerful enough to balaiu'e the landed interest :
.'•' ck ari.stocraey comi)eted with feudalism. So
iuiposing was the spectacle of the introduction
of the citizens and of commerce as the arbiter of
alliances, the umpire of factions, the judge of
war and peace, that it roused the attention of
speculative men. . . . The gentle Addi.son . . .
declared nothing to be more reasonable than
that " those Avho havis engro.ssed the riches of
the nation should have the management of its
l>id)lietrea.sure, and the direction of its fleets and
armies." — Banckokt's U. S., vol. 3, ch. 19.
3677. MONEY, Serviceable. Incitement. The
A'alue of money has been settled by general con-
sent to express our Avr.nts and our property, as
letters Avere invented to express our ideas; and
both these institutions, by giving a more active
energy to the poAvers and passions of human na-
ture, have contributed to midtiply the objects
the\' Avere designed to represent. The use of
gold and silver is in a great measure factitious ;
but it Avould be imjjossible to enumer!'*e the im-
l)ortant and A'arious services Avhich agriculture
and all the arts have received from iron, when
tempered and fashioned l)y the ojjeration of fire
and the dexterous hand of man. Jloney, in a
Avord, is the mo.st univer.sid incitement, iron the
most powerful instrument, of hiunan industry ;
and it is A'cry difficult to conceive by Avhat means
a people, neither actuated by the one nor second-
ed by the other, could emerge from the gro.ss-
est barbarism. — Gibuon's Home, ch. 9, p. 2G0.
3678. MONEY, Throne for. Boman. After
the atrocious nuu'derof Pertinax, the Pnvtorian
guards treated Avith Suli)icianus, the emperor's
father in-law, for the bestoAvment of the throne.
. . . He had already begun to use the onlj' ef-
fectual argument, and to treat for the imperial
dignity ; but the more prudent of the Pra'to-
rians, a])prehensive that, in this private contract,
they should not obtain a just price for .so valu-
able a commodity, ran out upon the ramparts,
and, Avith a loud voice, proclaimed that the Ro-
man Avorld Avas to be disjiosed of to the best
bidder by public auction. This infamous offer,
the most insolent excess of nulitary licen.se, dif-
fused a iniiversal grief, shame, and indignation
throughout the city. It reached at length the
ears of Didius .Julianus, a Avealthy senator, Avho,
regardless of the public calamities, Avas incUdg-
ing himself in the luxury of the table. His wife
and Ills daughter, hisfreedmen and his parasites,
easily convinced him that he deserved the throne,
and earnesth' conjured him to embrace so fortu-
nate an opportunity. The vain old man hasten-
ed to the Pra}torian camp, where Sulpicianus
Avas s' ill in treaty Avith the guards, and began
to bid against him from the foot of the rampart.
The unworthy negotiation was transacted by
faithful emissaries, Avho passed alternately from
one candidate to the other, and acquainted each
MONEY— MONKERY.
435
of them Willi thf offers of his rival. Siilpicianus
had already iiroinised a donative of .lOOO drachms
(above £100) to each soldier ; when Julian, eajj;er
for the prize, rose at onee to the sum of O'ioO
<lrachms, or upward of £300 sterling. The
gates of the camp were instantly thrown open to
the purchaser ; he was declared emperor, and
received an oath of allegiance from the soldiers,
who retained luuuanity enough to stipulate that
he should pardon and forget the competition of
iSulpicianus Julian was conducted into a
private apartment of the hathsof the palace, and
beheaded as a common criminal, after having
purchased, with an immense treasure, an anxious
and precarious reign of only sixty-six days. —
Gihbon's lioME, ch. 5, p. 127.
3679. MONEY, Use of. Siniiid Johnson. , A
friend of ours was living at too nuich expense,
considering how poor an apjiearance he made.
" If," saiil he, " a man hassplendor fromhisex-
pense, if h(^ spends his money in pride or in
pleasure, he has value ; but if he lets others
spend it for him, which is most conunonly the
case, he has no advantage from it." — Buswell's
JoiixsoN, p. 3.59.
3680. . Mii.rim. It was a maxim
with Alexander and Philip to procure empire
with moHci/, <iii(l not money hi/ empire, and who,
by pursuing that jnaxim, coiiipiered the world.
For it was a common .saying that it wat not
Philip, but Philip's gold, that took the cities of
Greece. As for Alexander, when he went upon
the Indian expediti(jn, and saw the Macedonians
dragging after them a heavy and imwieldy load
of Persian wealth, he tirst set lire to the royal
carriages, and .hen persuaded the rest to do the
same to theirs, that they might move forward to
the war light and unencumbered. — Plutauch's
Pailus .IVVIILUS.
36§l. MONEY wanted. Jlirhnrd I. [Richard
I., the Crusader,] exhibited his royal spirit in
one universal swoop of extortion and corruption,
to raise money for liis great adventure in the
East. . . . He put up the crown demesnes for
sale. He sold the public offices. He sold earl-
doms. He sold the claim which Henry had as-
serted to the right of homage for the crown of
Sc ;,ind. ... "I would sell London, if I could
fina a chaiiman," he exclaimed. .. . When this
wholesale dealer turned after an absence of four
years, he forcible resumed the lands which he
had sold, and turned out the otlicers who had
jiurcha.sed their places. — Knight's Eno., vol. 1,
c^ 21, p. '.m.
. Ǥ2. MONEY enforced, Worthless. Brass.
[Ja, s II. in Ireland] issued a coinage of brass
moil ■ which was to pass as sixpences, shillings,
nnd aalf crowns. Eight half crowns of this
money were not intrinsically worth twopence.
The tradesmen of Dublin, if they refused the
money, were threatened to be hanged by the
provost marshal. The government decreeti that
no covetous jierson should give; by exchange of
the currency intolerable rates for gold and si4-
ver, to the great disparagement of the brass and
<'opper money, under pain of death. — Knigut's
Eng., vol. 5,'ch. 7, p. 96.
36§3. MONKERY, Early Progress of. Popular.
{The popular monks,] whose reputation was con-
nected with the fame and success of the order.
a.ssiduously labored to multiply the number of
their fellow-cajitives. They insinuated them-
selves into noble and opulent families ; and the
specious arts of llattery and 8eductif)n were
eni])loyed to secure those proselytes who might
bestow wealth or dignity on the monastii- proftis-
sioii. The indignant father bewailed tht; loss,
perhaps, of an only son ; the credulous maid was
betrayed by vanity to violate the laws of nature ;
and the matron aspired to imaginary jxTficlion,
by renouncing the virtues of domestic life. Paula
yieldetl to the iiersuasivc ehxpience of Jerom ;
and the profane title of mother-in-law of God
tempted that illustrious widow to con.seerate the
virginity of iier daughter Eustochium. Ry the ad-
vice, and in the company of her spiritual guide,
Pauhi abandoned Rome and her infiint son ; re-
tired to the holy village of Bethlehem ; founded
a hospital and four monasteries ; and accpiired,
by her alms and ])enance, an eminent and con-
spicuous station in the Catholic Churcli. Such
rare and illustrious penitents were celebrated as
the glory and exaiii))le of their age ; but the
monasteries wen; tilled by a crowd of obscure
and abject jileiieians, who gained in the t'loisler
mucii more than they had sacrificed in the world.
— Gibbon's Romk, ch. 37, p. 527.
36§4. MONKEEY, Origin of. Bxli/ S'lhjnf/nied.
It was a doctrine, both of the Stoic and Platonic
philosophy, that in order to raise the soul to its
highest enjoyment, and to a communion with su-
perior intelligcnci's, it was neces.sary to separate it
from the body by mortifying and entirely dis-
regarding that earthly vehicle, \Nhich checked
its flight and cluu'.ed it to the mean and sordid
enjoyments of the sen.ses. These prevailing no-
tions of the heathen philosophy, joined to a mi.s-
taken interpretation put upon some of the pre-
cepts of the gospel, contributed to inspire some
enthusiastic Christians with the .same ideas. The
tirst of these who thought of separating them-
.selves from .society were a few wlio, after Con-
stantine had restored peace to the church, being
now free from persecution, began to conceive
that since they were no longer exposed to the
persecutions of temporal power, they ought to
procure for themselves voluntary grievances and
afflictions. In that view thej- betook themselves to
wilds and solitudes, wliere they .spent their time
in caves and hermitages in alternate exercises of
;levotion and in rigorous acts of penance and
mortilication. Some of them loaded their limbs
with heavjMrons ; others walked naked till their
bodies ac(piired a covering of hair like the wild
beasis ; and others chose still more nearly to ally
tiiemselves to the brute creation, by actually
grazinu: with them in the tields.— Tvtlkk's
Hist., 'Book 6, ch. 3, p. 82.
3685. MONKEKY, Success of. Early in
Fourth Century. The re])Utation which these per-
.sons ;<C(iuired for superior sanctity, and the ex-
traordinary blessings which were believed to at-
tend their pious vows and prayers, naturally pro-
cured them many remuneratory donations from
those who believed they had profited by their in-
tercessions. Some of the holy men began to lead
a very comfortable life ; and still pretending to
bestow all their superfluities in arms and cliari-
table donations, they retained as much as to ena-
ble them to pass their time with much ease and
satisfaction. Toward the end of the fourth cen-
:^^^^smm^m^m^-
43G
iMONKs— :monopoly.
I:
tury these monks or hermits had multiplied in
such a nitmner tiiiit there wiis not a province in
the East that was not full of them. 'I hey s|>rca(i
themselves likewise over a great part of Africa,
and in the west they penetrated within the hish-
oi)ricof Itome, and soon hecame very numerous
over all Italy. — Tyti.kk's Hist., IJiIok 0, ch. 3,
p. 8!$.
30N0. MONKS, Artistic. Enfilinh. [Diinstan
reiiuinil thai the monks should] (h'dicate the
hours spared from the service of religion to the
l)ursuits of Icarninjj and the arts. . . . They
would he the artists of their lime — the architects
and the painters, [a.d. 958-1)75.] — Kmout's
Eng., vol. 1, ch. to. p. 143.
3«Sr. MONKS, Wealthy. Itahf. 8t. Benedict,
who introduced monachisni into Italy, was tlit;
founder of that jiarticular order called Hene-
dictine, which has distinguished itself in most of
the countries of Europe by thcand)itionof many
of the brotherhood, as well as by the enormous
wealth which they found means to accumulate ;
and, we ought to add, by the laborious learning
Avhich some of them displayed. Benedict was
an Italian by birth ; h(^ had studied at Home, and
soon distinguished him.self by liis talents as well
ns sui)erior sanctity. An aifectation of singu-
larity, probablj', made lum retire, when a very
young man, to a cave at Subiaco, where he re-
mained for .some years. Some neighboring her-
mits chose him for their head, or sujx'rior ; anil
the donations which they received from the ile-
vout and charitable very soon enabled them to
build a large mona.stery. There])utation of Ben-
edict increased daily, and he began to perform
miracles, which attracted the notice of Totila,
the Gothic king of Italy. The number of his fra-
ternity was daily augmented, and it became cus-
tomary for the rich tomaki! I. ugo donations. . . .
Benedict, finding his fraternity grow extremely
immerous, .sent colonies into Sicily and into
France, where they Jlirove amazingly. Hence
they transported themselves into England ; and,
in a very little time, there was not a kingdom of
Euro))c where the Bene(lictineshad not obtained
a footing. — Tytlku'b Hist., Book 6, ch. 3, p. 84.
36§§. MONOMANIA, Rashness of. John
Brown. On tlu; <[uiet morning of October, 1S5!(,
with no warning whatever to the inliMl)itants,
the United States arsenal at Harper's Ferry was
found to be in the possession of an invading mob.
. . . By the oi)cning of the second day a force
of 15(H) men surrounded the arsenal, and when
the insurgents surrendered, it was found that
there had been but 2'i in all. Four were still alive,
including their leader, .John Brown. . . . He
conceived the iitterly imjjracticable .scheme of
liberating the slaves "of the South by calling on
them to ri.se, jnitting arms in their hands. . . .
Governor Wise stated that during the fight, while
Brown held the arsenal, with one of his sons ly-
ing dwid beside him, another gasjiing with a
mortal wound, he felt the ptdse of the dying
boy, used liisown musket, and coolly conunand-
t'd his men, all amid a shower of bullets. . . .
While of sound mind on most subjects, Brown
had evidently lost his mental balance on the one
topic of .slavery. — Bl.^ine's Twenty Ykaks ok
CoNORKss, vol. 1, p. 155.
3689. MONOPOLIES encouraged. n<i;in of
C'harku I. [About IG^O Charles 1. granted a pat-
ent to a company of soap-makers, who should bo
the sole manufacturers in England. They were
to pay him £1(),()(M) and .t!H per ton upon all soaj)
l)roduced. The govi-rnment obtained i'JOO.OOO
l)y this and similar devic(!S. Great o|)position
was arou.sed. The women petitioned against it.
There was scarcely an industrial occupation,
from the sale of coals to the collection of I'ags,
that was not made the subject of a monopoly.]
— Knkiiit's E.Nd,, vol. y, ch. i20, p. 410.
36»0. MONOPOLIES, Unpatriotic. 01 ire?
f'roniinil. [In 1(150, wliile Cromwell was jiros-
ecuting his campaign against Charles II. in Scot-
land, he Avrote the Sju'aker of the Parliament,
urging the reformation of manv abuses, adding,]
If there be any one that makes many ])oor to
make a few rich, that suits not a Commonwealth.
— KNiuirr'a Eno., vol. 4, ch. 9, p. KJo.
3«»l. MONOPOLY abolished, Lund. The am-
bition of the principal jtlebeians was now satisfied
I by electing one of tlieir number to the otfice of
I'nvtorJ, and the patricians had in return some
small gratification by these new otHces. It re-
mained now only that the poimlace should like-
wise be gratified, and this was done by the Li-
cinian law, which enacted that no Koman citi/en
should possess above five hundred acres of land,
and that the 8uri)lus should be distributed at a
setthid and low rate of price among the jjoorest
of the people. — Tytlkii's Hist., Book 3, ch. 6,
p. 350.
3692. MONOPOLY, Commercial. Churl, x II.
The Virginians soon found that they had ex-
changed a republican tyrant, with good princi-
l)les, for a monarchical tyrant, with bad ones.
King Charles II. was the worst monarch of
mo(lern times, and the people of Virginia hadiu
him and his government a special cause of grief.
The commercial .system of tiie Connnonwealth,
so far from being abolished, was re-enacted in a
more hateful form than ever. The new statute
provided that all the coloiual cominerce, Avhether
exports or imports, should lur carried on in Eng-
lisli ships. The trade between the colonies was
burdened with a heavj' tax for the benefit of the
government, and to'iacco, the stajile of Virginia,
could be sold nowhere but in England. This
odious measure gave to English merchantmen a
monojioly of the carrying trade of the ciolonies,
and l)y destroying comjM'tition among the buyers
of tobacco robbed the Virginians to that extent
of tlieir leading ]iroduct. Kemonstrance was tried
in vain. The cold and .selfish monarch only
sneered at the comiilaints of his American sub-
jects, and th(^ conunercial ordinances were vig-
orously enforced. — HiDrATii's U. S., ch. 1~',
p. 118.
3603. . Kurifjutioii Art of IGfiO.
" No merchandi.se shall be inip<irted into the
plantation but in E]nglish vessels, navigated by
Englishmen, under jM-nalty of forfeiture." . . .
None but native or naturalized subjects should
become a merchant or factor in any English
settlement — excluding the colonist.s from the
benefits of foreign competition. [I.,ater] a new
law jirohibited the importation of Eurojiean
conunodities into the colonies, cxcejit in English
.ships from England, to the end that England
might be made the staple, not oidy of colonial
productions, but of colonial supplies. . . . The
Navigation A(,'t contained a pledge of the ulti-
MONOPOLY-MOODS.
437
mute ln(U'i)('ii(l('iice of Aincricu. — Bancuokt'8
U. S., vol. 2, eh. 11.
3604. MONOPOLY, Conioienoe vi. Peier Coo-
per. IIii[)]M>iiiii^ to control ii Hiiiull iiitiTcst in the
great Cooix'rlron Works tit Tri'iiloii nmiiy years
u^o, [to Mr. L<'st(ir,] he said, " I do not feel
<jiiiir easy about the amount we are niakini;
in the proihutioii of one thinj? in our works at
Trenton. Workinu; under one of our patents,
we have a inon(H)oly which .seems to me some-
thing wrong, that we alone are manufacturing,
etc. Every l)ody has to come to us for it, and we
are making money too fitst ; it in not right."
'"Well," 1 replied, " you can get over that trouble
very easily by reducing the i)rice, even if you
urenot obliged to." " That is it," said he ; " and
it shall be done. Tlie world needs this thing,
and we are nuiking them pay too high for it ; if
it were a mere matter of fancy, or luxury, or
taste, I should feel dilTerently about it ; but as it
is a very neces.sary article, I must do something
about it." — Lestkuh Like of Petek Cuoi'eh,
p. 18.
3095. MONOPOLY, Exasperating. lie ic/ n of
Charks I. Every item almost was ta.xed. Hack-
ney coaches were prohibited because sedan chairs
appeared for the first time, Sir Sanders Dun-
combe having purchased from the king the right
to carry i)eople up and down in them. — Hood's
C'l{O.MWELL, ch. 4, p. b4.
3606. MONOPOLY and Famine. (Uennder.
[During the reign of the Em])eror C'ommodus]
pestilence and famine contributed to till up the
meas\ire of the calamities of iiomc. The first
could he only imputed to the just indignation of
the gods ; but a monopoly of corn, supported by
the riches and power of the minister, was consid-
ered as the immediate cause of tiie second.
[Cleander was the emperor's favorite]. — Gib-
bon's Ro.ME, ch. 4, p. 109.
3607. MONOPOLY in Land. To the Pli/mouth
Council. King James issued to forty of his sub-
jects, . . . the most wealthy and powerful of
the English nobility, a patent whi(;h, ... in
the history of the world, has but one parallel.
. . . The territory, . . . from the Atlantic to
the Pacific, . . . extended in breadth from the
fortieth to the forty-eighth degree of north lat-
itude ; . . . that is to say, nearly all the inhab-
ited British jiossessions to the; north of the United
States, all New England, New York, half of
New Jersey, very nearly all of Penn.sylvania, and
the whole country to the west of these Stati-s,
comprising, and at the time believed to comprise,
mon; than a million of scjuare miles. . . . The
grant was absolute and exclusive. — Baxckoft's
U. S.. vol. 1, ch. 8.
360§. MONOPOLY of Manufactures. ActofPar-
liiiment. " After the first day of December,
16!)i), no wool or manufacture made or mixed
with wool, being the produce or niaiuifactureof
any of the English plantations in America, shall
be loadenui)ou any horse, cart, or other carriage,
to be carried out of the English plantations to
any other of the said ]>lantations, or toanyotlicr
place whatsoever." The policy was continued
by every admini.stration. "Should our . . .
commercial control be denied," .said the elder
Pitt, seventy years afterward, " I would not suf-
Jer even a nail or a horseshoe to be manufac-
tured in America. ' — Banckokt's L'. S., vol. 8,
ch. 1».
3600. . Art of 1072. Parliament
. . . resolved to exclude New P^ngland merchants
from competing with the Englisli in the markets
of the Southern plantations. . . . America was
[later] forliidden not merely to manufacture
those articles which nught comi)ete with the
English in foreign markets, but even to supply
herself with those articles which her i)osition eii-
al)led her to manufacture with success for her
own wants. — Banckokt's U. S., vol. 2, ch. 11.
3700. . Acw Amstt'nJam. A.n. 1029.
The colonists were forbidden to manufacture any
woollen or linen or cotton fabrics ; not a web
might b(; woven or a shuttle thrown, on penal-
ty of exile. To impair the monopoly of the
Dutch weavers was jiunishable as perjury. —
Banckokt's U. S., vol. 2, ch. 15.
3701. MONOPOLY, Powers of. Snxiior Win-
(lorn. [Gartield's Secretary of the Treasury,] in
a letter to the Anti-monoijoly liCague, at their
]iublic meeting at the Cooper Jnslitute, on the
21st day of Febnniry, 18H1 : " I ri'peat to day, in
sul)stance, words uttered seven years ago, tliat
' there are in this cotmtry four men who, in the
matter of taxation, possess and frefjuently exer-
cise powers which neither Congress nor any of
our State Legislatures would dare to exert — pow-
ers which, if exercised in Great Britain, woidd
sliake the throne to its very foundation. These
may at any time, and for anv reason .satisfactory
to themselves, by a stroke of the pen, reihice the
value of jiroperty in the United States by hun-
dreds of millions. They may, at their own will
and pleasure, disarrange and end)arrass business,
depress one city or locality and build another,
enrich one individual and ruin his competitors,
and, when complaint is made, coolly reply,
"What are y('U going to do?"'" — Lestek's
Like ok Peteu Coopek, p. 54.
3703. MONOPOLY resisted. Gorcrnmental.
The encroachment was, as usual, patiently borne,
till it became serious. But at length the (jueen
took upon herself to grant patents of monopoly
by scores. There was scarcely a family in tlie
realm whicli did not feel itself aggrieved by the
oppression and extortion whicli this abuse natu-
rally caused. Iron, oil, vinegar, coal, saltpetre,
lead, starch, yarn, skins, leatlier, gla.>-s. could bo
bought only at exorbitant prices. 'I'hc lIou.se of
Commons met in an angry and tlctormined mood.
It was in vain that a courtly minority blamed
the sjieaker for sulTering the acts of '.he (jueen's
Highness to be called in ([ucstion. The languages
of the discontented party was high and mena(s
ing. and was echoed by the voice of the whole
nation. . . . She, [(^ueen Elizabeth.] however,
with admirable judgment and t('nii)er, declined
the contest, i)ut herself at the head of the rtform-
ing pally, redressed the grievance — Macau-
i.ay's Enu., ch. 1, p. 59.
3703. MOODS, Reaction of. WiUiom Coirpfr.
It was, ])erliaps, while he was winding thread
that Lady Austen told him tlu^ story of John
Gilpin, i le lay awake at night laughing over it,
and next morning ])ro(luced the ballad. It soon
became famous, and was recited by Henderson,
a popular actor, on the stage, though, as its gen-
tility was doubtful, its author withheld his name.
4.3H
MORALITY-MORALS.
He uftcTwiinl fanciwl tliat tliis wondi'rful i)i('ro
of liuiiior hud bt'ou writtc^n in ii mood of IIk!
deepest depression. Probuljly hv had written it
in an interval of Idgh si)irits l)et\veen two such
moods. — S-MiTii's CowPKii, eli. 5.
370'l. MORALITY, Conventional. Shdhy'g
Fitthir. Mr. Tiniotliy Hiielley was in no sci'ise
of tiio word a had man ; hut lie was everytliini^
wliieh the jioel's father o\ight not to liave lieeii.
. . . His relif;i()us opinlou.s might bu summed lip
In ('lough's epigram :
"At ehuroh on Sunday to attend
Will serve to keep the world your friend."
His morality in like manner was purely conven-
tional, a.H may be gathered from his telling his
eldest .son that he would never pardon a mhalli-
aitrc, but would i)rovide for as many illegitimate
children as he choose to have. — Sy.monds' Shkl-
LKY, ch. 1.
3705. MORALITY denied. Ii»man Catlwlic.
There was among the English a .strong convic-
tion that the Roman Catholic, where the interests
of his religion were I'oncerned, thought himself
free from all the ordinary rules of morality — nay,
that he thought it meritorious to vicjlate those
rules, if, by so doing, he could avert injury or
scaiulal from the cliurch of which lie was a
member. Nor was this o|)inion destitute of a
show of reason. It was impossible to deny that
Itoman Catholic casuists of great eminence had
written in defence of equivocation, of mental res-
ervation, of perjury, and even of as.sassination.
Nor, it was said, liad the speculations of this
odious school of sophi.sts been barren of results.
The massacre of Saint RartholonK'w, the murder
of the tirst William of Orange, the murder of
H<'nry III. of France, the numerous conspiracies
■uiiich had been formed again-st the life of Eliz-
abeth, and, above all, the gunpowder treason,
•^vere constantly cited as instances of the close
connection between vicious theory and vicious
practice. It was alleged that everyone of these
crimes liad been ^iromjited or ap])lauded by
Koman Catholic divines. — ^Lvc.^u lay's Exo.,
ch. 6, p. 6.
3706. MORALITY, PhilosopMc. Socrates. Soc-
rates founded all his morality on the belief of a
God who delighted in virtue, and who.se justice
would reward the good and punish the wicked
in an after state. Of consecpience, he believed in
the immortality of the soul. He held that there
■were intermediate beings between God and man,
■who presided over thedilTerent i)artsof the crea-
tion, and who were to be honored with an in-
ferior worship. He believed that virtuous men
■were particularly favored by the Divinity, who
more esjiecially manifested "his care of them by
the constant presence and aid of a good genius,
■who directed all their actions and guarded tlieni
by secret monitions from ini]icn(ling evils ; but
on this subject, as he declined to exiiress himself
■with precision, it has been reasonably conjectur-
ed that he alluded merely to the influence of
conscience, -^vliich extends its power to the vir-
tuous alone, and deserts the vicious, abandoning
them to the just consc([uences of their crimes. —
Tytleu's Hist., Book 2, ch. 9, p. 207.
3707. MORALITY vs. Refinement. IJome.
[Era of the destruction of Corinth and Carthage.]
This •was the era of tba commeucemcut of a taste
for the fine arts at Rome, to whicli tiie knowl-
edge of Asiatic luxuries liad successfully jiaved
the way. " How happy for mankind," says Ab-
be Milfot, "could a nation be distinguiHlie(l at
once for its virtut! and its retinement, and be-
come polished and enlightened while it retained
a purity of morals 1" Rut thisisa lieautiful im-
pos.sii)ility.—TvTi. Kit's Hiwr., Rook 3, ch. 9,
p. 884.
3708. MORALITY, Shallow. Chrinil. [Rev.
William Grimshaw, before his conversion, was
curate of Ilaworth, in Vorksliire. J He liad stud-
ied at Cambridge, and wnt from the university
to his clerical duties, corrupt in his morals and
unsound in his opinions. Content with tlie per-
functory performance of his parish duties, ho
considered himself a fair e.xamiile of the clerical
manners of the times ; es])ecially as it is said
that lie refrained, as much as possible, from
gross swearing, unless in "suitable company,"
and when he got drunk would take care to sleep
it off before lie went home. — Stevens' 3Iktu-
ooisM, vol. 1, p. 258.
3700. MORALITY preserves the State. Ro-
vinits. That the extinction of the liberties of tlio
Roman peoph; and the downfall of the com-
monwealth were owing to tliecorrui)tion of tho
Roman manners, there cannot be the smallest
doubt ; nor is it diflicull to point out in a few
words the causes of that corruption. The ex-
tent of the Roman dominions toward the end
of tiiereimbliciiroved fatal toils virtues. While
confined within the bounds of Italy, every Ro-
man soldier, accustomed to a life of liardship,
of frugalitv, and of industry, placed his chief
happiness in contributing in war to the preser-
vation of his country, and in peace to the main-
tenance of his family by honest lalior. A Stato
of this kind, which knows no intervals of ease
or of indolence, is a certain jjreservative of good
morals, and a sure antidote against every spe-
cies of corruption. But the conquest of Italy
])aved the way for the reduction of foreign na-
tions ; for an immense ac(juisition of territory —
a Hood of wealth — and an aciitiaintance with tho
manners, the luxuries, and the vices of the na-
tions whom tliev suluhied. — Ty'tlek's Hist.,
Book 4, ch. 6, p.'4G8.
3710. . Txomans. If the morals of
the people be entire, the spirit of patriotism per-
vading the ranks of the State -vxill excite to such
exertions as may S(Jon recover the national hon-
or. Of this triith the Roman State afforded at
one time a most striking example. When Han-
nibal was cariying everything before liim in
Italy, when the Roman name was sunk so low
that the allies of the republic were daily drop-
jiing off, and the Italian States seemed to .stand
aloof and leave her to her fate, there was in tho
manners of the people, and in that patriotic ar-
dor which can only exist in an uiicorrupted
age, a spirit of recoiivalescence, which speedily
operated a most wonderful change of fortune. —
Tyti.eh's Hist., Book 4, ch. 0, p. 4(5.j.
3711. MORALS by Chastisement. Ednnind
Rich. Edmund, hand in hand with a brother
Robert of his, begged his way as poor scholars
were wout to the great school of Western Chris-
tendom. Here a damsel, heediess of his tonsure,
wooed him so pertinaciously that Edmund con-
sented at last to an assif^natiou ; but when ho
MORALS— MOTHER.
439
appeared it wns In company of gravo aradcml-
cal ottleiuls wlio, as the maiden declared in the
hour of penitence wliidi followed, "straight-
way wldpi)ed tlie offending Eve out of lier." —
Hist, of Eno. Pkoi'le, ^ 164.
3713. MORALS degraded. Ari'sformri/. For
years liad it been whispered that the House of
Austria should unite itself firmly with tlie House
of Hourl)on, and now the Empress Maria The-
resa, herself a hereditary (pieen, a wife and
motlier, religious even to bigotry, by an auto-
graph letter caressed endearingly the Marchion-
ess de Pompadour, once the French king's
[Louis XV.] mistress, now the procuress of his
pleasures, to win lier intlucnct! for the alliance.
— Bancuokt's U. S. , vol. 4, eh. 13.
3713. MORALS examined. Athenian. Offirial.i.
The Areopagus, l)y an in([uiry termed dokuiKtuin.
in(juired into the life and morals of all who held
otHces in the State, and such as could not stand
tlie scrutiny were not only incapacitated forem-
l)loy, but (Uidared infamous. Such was the
iiward likewise against a son who should refuse to
support his indigent parents. — TYTi.iiu's Hist.,
Book 1, ch. 10.
3714. MORALS, Exceptional. Xi-w Enyhind
Colonies. t)ne might dwell there " from year to
year and not .s(!e a drunkard, or hear an oath,
or meet a beggar." The conse(iuence was uin-
versal health — one of the chief elements of i>ub-
lic happiness. The average duration of human
life, ascomjiared with Europe, was doubled. . . .
'Jjhey are the parents of on ■ third of the whole
white population of the; United Stales. . . . Each
family has multiplied on the average to one thou-
tand souls. — Banchokt'b U. S., vol. 1, di. 10.
3715. MORALS, Grounds of. Diirrse. The
Jihilosophers of Greece deduced their morals
from the nature of man, rather than from that
of God. They meditated, however, on the Di-
vine nature, as a very curious and imi)ortant
upeculation ; and in the profound incpiiry they
displayed the strength and weakness of tlie hu-
man understanding. — Giuhon's Rome, ch. 2,
p. 35.
3716. MORALS, Importance of. Politirs. No
nation has afforded a more sMiking examjile
than the Romans have done of the necessity of
good morals to the preservation, of politieal liberti/
and the happiness of the people. This is a doe-
trine of so much importance, that it cannot be
too seriously considered nor attended to. Un-
like, in this respect, to many other political truths
Avliich are interesting only to statesmen, and
those who conduct the machine of government,
tliis truth is of im])ortance to be known and con-
sidered by every single individual of the com-
munity ; because the error or fault is in the con-
duet of individuals, and can only be amended by
u conviction brought home to the mind of every
private man, that the reformation must be begun
by his own virtuous and i)atriotic endeavors. . . .
\irtue is necessary, and indispensably necessary,
to the existence of every government, wliatever
be its form ; and no human institution where
men are assembled togeth'-r to act in concert,
liowever limited be their numbers, or however
extensive, however wise may be their govisrnors,
however excellent their laws, can possess any
measure of duration without that powerful ce-
ment, virtue in the principles and morals of tlio
people. Quid lef/es sine nuirilius rami' iirofiri-
unt, is a sentiment ecpially a)>plicalil(> lo all gov-
ernments whatever. — Tvti.ku'h Hist., Hook 0,
ch. <1, p. 461.
3717. MORALS, Rule in. 77/ ales ta ugh t.
" Neither the crimes of bad men, nor even llicir
thoughts, are concealed from tlie gods. Health
of boily, a moderate fortune, and a cullivated
mind are the chief ingredients of happiness.
Parents may expect from their children that
obedience which they themselves ])aid to their
parents. Stop tin; mouth (>f slander by pru-
deiK V . Tak(! cart; not to commit the same fault
yourself which you censure in others." — Tyt-
Lkk'h Hist., Rodk 2, ch. U, p. :;.'61.
371§. MORTALITY remembered. Aijineovrt.
[At the; l»attle of Agincourt, the Knglish being
tail OIK! to ten against the Frciicli, liefon; the
action began) they knelt down, invoking the
protection of God ; and each man |)ut a small
piect! of earth into his monlh, in remeinbranco
that they were formed of dust and to dust should
return. [They gained a c((ini)lete victory, with
small loss lo tlieinsflvcs, but with a terrible
destruction of the French.] — Knkuit's Eno.,
vol. 11, ch. 4.
3719. MORTIFICATION by Failure. lieifpi
<f James Jl. [Lord Castleinaiiie \\;is English
niini.sler to Rome, when; he was very ostenta-
tious. Sec Macaulay in context.] In the midst
of these festivities Castleinaiiie had lo swITcr
cruel mortitications and humiliations. 'I'he pop(i
treated him with I'Xtreme coldness and reserve.
As often as the ambassador jn'cssed for an an-
swer to the re(iuesl which he had been instructed
to make in favor of Petre [that the rule i)rohib-
iting. Jesuits from iirefennent might be relaxed],
Innocent [XIIL] was taken with a violent tit of
coughing, which put an end to the conversation.
The faiiK! of tliese singular audiences sjiread
over Rome. Pascjuin was not silent. All the
curious and tattling iiopiilation of the idlest of
cities — the.Iesuitsand llie ])relatesof the French
faction only excepted — laiigheil at Castlemaine's
discomtiture. — Macaii. ay's Eno., ch. 7, p. ~48.
3730. MORTIFICATION, Hateful. James IT.
[Forty thousand pouiuis had been collected for
theexileti Huguenots by Proiestant Englishmen.
The Roman Catholic kiiiL had called for the
money under political pressure.] The king was
bitterly mortified by the large amount of tla^ col-
lection which had been made in obedience to
his own call. He knew, he said, what all this
liberality meant. It was mer(^ Whiguish spite
to himself and his relii,noii. — Mac ailay'sEnu.,
ch. 6, p. 78.
3721. MOTHER, An honored. Xero The
Senate accepted the initiative of the Pnetorians,
and bj' sun.set Nero was securely seated on the
throne of tlie Roman world. Tlie dream of
Agrippina's life was accomplished. She Avan
now the mother, as she had been the sister and
the wife, of an emperor ; and that young em-
peror, when the trilmne came to ask him tho
watchword for the niirht, answered in the words
—Optimae Matri! " To the Best of Mothers!"
— Fakuau's Eaiily Days, ch. 2, p. 20.
3733. MOTHER, A humiliating. Byron's.
The wcu'st enemy he ever had was his mother.
440
MOTIIEIl.
Slic wiis (111 ij^noriint., foollHh womiin, dlsnRrcc-
iiblc ill lur a|)|Kiiruii('c, very fiit und iiwkvMird,
<ai)ii(i()iis, uiiil of a violent tcinpcr. Slii' iii-
(liil,i;t'(l liiiii inosl injiirioUHJy, often perinllliii^j
liini In al)si'iil liiinself from hcIiooI for a \veel< at
a lime, ami wlieii slie was aiiKiT willi liim, lier
raL'e was sm'li an to reiidiT iier lielpless, aiui liie
l>iiy \voul(i run away from lier ami laiiLfli at
lier. . . . |)r. (ilemiic, tlic master of Ins .seliool,
. . . denied liim llie privilej^e of jroini,' lioine on
Satuniay ; wlierenpon Mrs. Hyron, indiicnant at
l)eini,Mleiirived of t lie society of her son, wonid
yo to the seliooj, and pour out smh a storm of
iiiveelive in the doctor's jiarlor liiat liio hoys in
the school room would hear her, to tlie trrcat
shniiK! of tlieyoun;^ lord. The schoolmaster
once overlieard a hoy say to him ; " Byron,
your motlier is ii fool." " I know it," was his
sul reply. — Cyci-oi'kui.v ok Hioti., p. 21*1.
3733. MOTH£B, Influence of a. Frnnns T.
[When Francis 1. of France] had reached his
twenty-lirst vear, he was still in completo suh-
jection to liis uiother. — >4ti:»ic\ts' Fiianck,
di. 14, i^ I.
374J. MOTHER, A patrljtic. SpnrUin. The
Persians siill continued to maintain a formidahle
jirmament upon tlu; sea, and tlie operations of
the (JreeUs were now exerted to clear the ^1"]i;ean
and .Mediterranean of thoir hostile scjuadrons.
'I'lie united fleet of Oreeco was commanded hy
Aristides and Paiisanias ; the latter a man of
liiirli liirtli and authority, uncle to one of tlie
Spartan kinijs, and rcfjent diirini; his ne]>hew's
iniiiont5', hut himself infamou.s for l)etrayin,!jf Ins
<()untry. He had privately despatched letters to
Xer.xes, oU'erinj; to facilitate to him the conquest
of Greece, and demandinjr his dauj^hter in mar-
riage as a reward of this siifiial service. Fortu-
jiatelv his letters were intercejitcd. The traitor
Hod t'or jirotection to the temple of Minerva, a
sanctuary from whicii it was judjred impossible
to force him. His mother showed an example
of virtue truly J;acodtemonian. ISlio walked to
the irate of the temple, and layins^ down ii stone
before the threshold, silently retired ; tlie signal
was understood and venerated ; the Ejihori jravo
immediate orders for buildinjra wall around the
temple, and within its i)recinct8 tlie traitor was
starved to death. — Tytlku's Hist., Book 2,
eh. 1, p. l:iM.
372>>. . S(im Ilovston's Mother, [lie
enlisted //( the nniks, diirinir tlie war with Lni;-
l;ind, and his friends deemed liim disijraced and
ruined. | Hut his mother irave her consent as slie
stood in the door of her cottu.tre, anil lianded lier
boy tlie musket : " There, my son, take this,"
she said, "and never disijrace it ; for remember,
] had ratliir all my sons should till one honorable
;:rave than tlial one of th(!m .should turn Ids
back on an enemy. Go, and remember, too,
tliat while the door of my cottajje is open to all
brave mi'ii, it is always shut asrainsl cowards."
He was soon promoted to be a seri^eant. — Lics-
Ti:ii's lloi sTo.v, p. 21.
3720. MOTHER, Power of a. Xapoleon L
lie was thus induced, in his day of power, to
brini,^ biick a wayward nation of tliirty millions
from cheerless, brutalizinij, comfortless unlielief,
to tlieconsolinir, ennobling, purifying inthiences
of t'liristi'iiiity. AV'hen, at the eoinman<l of Na-
poleon, the ciiurch-bella began again to toll the
hour of prnyer on every hillside and through
every valley of France ; . . . when the young
in theirnuptialsand the aged in tlieirdealh were
blessed by the Holemnities of gospel ministru-
tioiis, it was a mother's inllueiice which inspired
a dutiful son to make the magic change which
thus, in an hour, transformed Fruiwe from a
pagan to noniinallv a Christian land. Honor
to Letitia, the mother of Napoleon ! — Abim)TT'h
iN.M'or.KON Ii., vol. 1, cli. 4.
37il7. . JS'd/x'fioii I, Napoleon
ever regarded his mother with the most profound
respect and aU'ection. He repeatedlv declared
that the fiiinily were entirely indebted to her for
that ])liysical, intellectual, and moral training
which prepared them to ascend the lofty sum-
mits of power to which tliey tinallv attained ....
He often .said, " -My opinion is, t)iat the future
good or bad conduct of a child de|H'nds entirely
upon its mother." (^n<! of Ids (irst acts on at-
taining power was to surround his mother with
every lu.xury which wealth could furnish ....
H(! established schools for female education, re-
marking that France needed nothing so much to
promote its regeneration lus go(Ml mothers. — Aii-
hott's N.M'oi.KoN H., vol. 1, ell. 1.
37a«. MOTHER, Pride of a. Cmirlia. At
this ]>criod iirost! Tiberius and Cains (Jraechus,
two brothers, of jilebeian blood by tlieir father's
side, but ennobled by civic honors, and on their
mother's side, by descent from the illustrious
Scipio Africanus. Their mother, Cornelia, w,
wont to stimulate their ambition by this generous
reproach : " Why, my sons, must I ever be called
the daughter of 'Scii)io, rather than the mother
of the Gracchi '/" — Tvn.Kii's Hist., Hook 4,
ch. 1, p. W't
37>20. MOTHER revenged, A. llunmh Du»tin.
A.!). 1(>!)7. [She wius captured at Haverhill,
N. II. , her home burned, and babe killed. See No.
1 17. She] and her nurse and a boy from Wor-
cester tind themselves on au island in tlie Merri-
uiac, just above Concord, in a wigwam (x^cupied
by two Indian families. The mother planned
escai)e. " Where would you strike," said the
boy, Samuel Leonardson, to his master, "to kill
instantly ?" and tlui Indian told him where luid
how to .scalp. At night, while the; household
slumbers, tlie captives, two women and a l)Oj',
each Avith a tomahawk, strik(! vigorously and
fleetly, and with wise division of labor ; and of
the twelve .sleepers t"n lie dead ; of oiu^ squaw
the wound was not mortal ; one child was spared
from design. The love of glorj' ne.xt asserted
its power ; and the gun and tomahawk of the
murderer of her infant, and a bag lieaped full
with scalps, were choicely kept as the trophies
of the heroine. The three . . . descended to the
Kmrlish settlements. — I}a.n('Koi<'t's U. S., vol. 'A,
3730. MOTHER, A ruling. Of R,>man Em-
peror A/t'.i'iiiKlcr. The jiride and a\arice of his
mother cast a shade on the glories of his reign ;
and by exacting from his riper years the same
dutiful obedience whidi she had justly claimed
from his unexiierienccd youth, Mamiea exposed
to public ridicule both her son's character and
her own. [See Woman, Dominion of, No. 0052. |
— GiitnoN's Home, c." '', p. 184.
3731. MOTHER, Ik ^-rowful. Kinff rinliyf
War. Writes Mary Howland.son :.. . " Some in
MOTIIKIl— Ml UDKH.
441
th« h()UH« w«)n> flj^litltiK for llicir llv(« ; otherit
wiillowiiij; in hlcxMl ; tin- Iioiiho on fire over our
IkwIh. ... I took my cliihlrcii to k<> forth, . . .
liiillctH tlyliiK Uilck ; oiut went. tlirouf,'li my h'uU:
luullliroii^'li my |)oor cliiUI inniy iiriiiH. " . . . An
Indiiin mits.HiKrc followtd. " Tlicn! remained
notiiin;; to me tint oik; jioor wounded lialie,
Down I muHl sit in liie.snow, witli m^HJek child,
t lie picture of death, in my lai), Not the leuxt
( rumli of refrcHhin;; eimu! witldn either of our
mouths from Wedne.sihiy to Huturthiy rd;,'ht, ex-
<('pl only II little cold water. . , . One Indian,
then a second, and then a third would come and
tell me. Your master will quickly knock your
<hild on the head."— IIanchokt'bI'. S., vol. 'J,
ch. 13.
97fl'2. MOTHEB, Hoitility to a Step . Mil-
Uhi'h Didiij/i.rn. lie was left a^Min a 'widower.
Hi.\ years later ho married his tiiird wife, w ho
\\&n Iweiily-eij^ht years younj^er than himself,
who Hurvived him for tlie lonj? peri(td of fifty-
live years. Tins lust marriaffc, was emhiltereil
liy (;easeles.s eontentiouH between his dau;;lilers
and hiu wile, of which Milton lays the blame
upon his dauKhters. He; says his wife was good
and kind to him in his blind old age, but tliat
Ids daughters were uiidutifnl and inhuman —
not only neglecting him and h-aving him alone,
but plotting with Ids maid servant U) cheat him
in the marketing. ... lie died in 1074, aged
w.xty-six years. His property, which amounted
to i;ir)(K) sterling, became the subject of a law-
suit between tin' widow and the daughters of
the i)oet. They had quarrelled over Ids dying-
bed, and they quarrelled over his freshly Inade
grave. — Cyci.oi-kdia ok IJioo., j). 170.
3»33. MOTIVES, Higher. Mnhomet. [After
the coiujuest of Alecca.J '\^\uifiigHurHan(\au,ril-
iarie^ complained that they who had borne the
burden were neglected in the season of vi(;tory.
" Alas !" rei)Iied their artful leader, " suffer me
to conciliate these recent enenues, these doubtful
jtroselytes, by the gift of some i)eriHliable goods.
To your guard 1 mtrust my life and fortunes.
You are the comi)anions of my exile, of my king-
iloni, of my paradise." — GiiuJONsi Uomk, ch. SO,
V. 13».
arat. motives, Morality in. Smnvd John-
doii. The morality of an action depends on
the motive from winch we act. If I tling half
a crown to a beggar, with intention to break Ids
liead, and he picks it up and buj's victuals with
it, the i)hysical effect is good ; but, Avith respect
to me, the luttion is verj' wrong. So, religious
exercises, if not perforiiuMl with an intention to
])lea.sc God, avail us nothing. As our Saviour
.says of those who perform them from other mo-
lives, "Verily, they have their reward." — Bos-
WKi.i.'s Johnson, p. H)y.
ara.'i. mountains. Benefits of. Afri.ui. The
rause of the periodical inundation of tlie Is'ile has
been satisfactorily explained by Pliny . , . and
nearly in similar terms by Dr. Pococke. The
north winds, says tuis writer, which begin to blow
about the end of May, drive tlie clouds formed
by the vapors of the Slediterranean to the .south-
ward, as fiir as the raountiuns of Ethiopia,
where, being stopped in their course, and con-
densed on the summits of those mountains, they
in violent rains, which continue for
f al^ do vvu
ftome uioutliH. — Tyti.eu'h Hiht., IJook 1, th. 4,
p. ii'i.
»7»0. MOURNINO In BareavraieBt. GrmUd.
[Numa.oneof the Orst kings of Koine,] fixed tlio
tiuK! of mourning luicording to the dilTerent
ages of Ww. deceased, lie allowed none for A
child that <lied under three years of age ; and
for one older, the mourning was only to last a.**
many nionths as lie lived years, provided thos<!
were not more than ten. 'Plie longest nunirning
was not to continue above ten months, after
which space widows were |>ermilted to marry
again ; but slietliat took another huHbaud U-foro
that term was out was obliged by his decree to
Haeritt<'e a cow Willi culf.— Pj-i;taiu'ii'h >iuMA.
3737. MOUBNINO, National. Axi>itHHinatlon
of l.iiit-dtii. In the great cities of the land all
liusiness instantly stopped ; no man had the
heart to think of gain ; tlags drooped lialf-mast
from every winged messenger of the sea, from
<very church-spire, frojn every tree of liberty,
and from «-very public building. . . . Grad-
ually as the <lay wore on emblems of mourning
were hung from every hcjuse throughout the
town, and before the suu had set every city
. . . was enshrouded in the shadow of national
grief. . . . ]S'one dejilored the crime . . . with
more sincerity than those who had biM'ii involv-
ed in the guilt of the relM'llion. — Haymond'u
Lincoln, lTi. 21, p. 702.
3738. MOUBNINO, Bespectful. Datth of Wanh-
iiKjton. The news arrived in France. Napo-
leon immediately issued the following order of
the day to the army: "Washington is dead.
That great man fought against tyranny. He es-
tablished tlie liberty of his country. His meui-
ory will be ever dear to the freemen of both hemi-
sjdieres, and especially to tli(! Frencli soldiers,
who, like him and the American troops, have
fought for liberty and c()ii(ility. As a nuirk of
respect, the First Consul orders that for ten day.s
black crape be suspended from all tlu; .standards
and banners of the Uepublic." — AimoTT'sNAro-
lkon H., vol. 1, ch. 1(5.
3739. MULTITUDE, Fickleneis of the. Oliver
CroDiirvll. [Gn ("romwell's return to London
from his successful camiiaign in Ireland,] he was
received with every honor that Parliament and
cit}' could bestow, and by tlu; enthusiastic ac-
clamations of the people. He did not de.spi.se
poiMilar applause, but lie knew something of its
intrinsic value. Some onesaid, " What acrowd
come to see your l,ordslii|)'s triunipii !" He re-
jilied, " If it" were to see me hanged, bow many
inoie there would be !" — Kmout's Eno., vol. 4,
ch. 9, p. 1:52.
3740. MULTITUDE, Unreasoning. Sheep. [Ca-
to the Geiisor said] the; Koman peoi)le wero
like sheej), for as those can .scarce be brouglit to
slir singly, but all in a body readily follow their
leaders, just such an; ye. The men whose coun-
sel you would not take as individuals h'ud you
with ease in a crowd. — Pi,i:taiuii'8 Cato the
Cknsou.
3741. MUBDEB, Atrocious. By Alexander.
Philotas, a worthy favorite of Alexander, the
only remaining son of his oldest and ablest gen-
eral Parmenio, had received some vague infor-
mation of a treasonable design against the life
of Alexander, but delayed to mention it, prob-
^'""W'w^mm^!^^^^^^^^
442
MrunEn-Musu'.
hilly from .i;iviiif; iKunilit lo liic iiifortiifr. On
till! report rciicliiri); his ciirH Iroin ii ilitTcrciit
niinrtcr, Alcxiindcr, who wiih told at tiw siiinc
liinu thiit I'liildliis had Ikm'Ii int'oriiifd of tlic <!(>-
HJ^ii and refused to coniiiiunicale it, iinniedialeiy
<'oii('(;ired tile ii:i\vorlhy suspicion that his silence
iirosc! from his own concern in ilic conspiracy.
On no other ^'rounds I'idlotus wius |)iil to the tort
lire, and, in tlu^ ui;iitiy of pain, uttering some
lliin;; that hore the aiipeuraiice of coiif>sMin>r Ids
olTence, wliit'h was iiolliin;^ more llian a venial
jiieco of ne>rH>jenec, he was, liytiie coiiuuaiid of
Alexander, stoned to death. Hut tliis was not
enough. Thi^ at,'ed I'ariiicnio, whom the kiiij^
«'oncluded to lie eitli<'r an accomplice; in the
<'riine of Ids son, or at least to li<; inca|)alile of
ever forjfivinj; his ])unishineiit. was, by the
saino command, assas.sinated in Ids tent. — Tvr-
J.Kii'8 HiHT., Hooli 2, ch. 4, p. I!M.
.1713. MURDER of the Innooenti. h'/nt/ liirh-
iird II f. Kiiward I\ . , at tlie ajjo of forly-
two, jwas) ])oisoned, as is supposed, liy his
lirolher Itichard, I)ul<e of (Jloucester. lie left
tsvo sons, tilt! eldest Kdward V.,Hl)oy of thirteen
years of aj^e. Oloucester, named Protector ot
\\w. kinj^dom, ^ave orders that the two jirinces,
lor security, should I h; Iodised in the 'i'ower. . . .
The Dukcof Huckinjrhain, tlieslavish insirunietit
of an ambitious tyrant, had wrou;,dit upon a
niol) f)f the meanest of the po|iulace to declare
that th< y wished Uichard, Dukt; of CJI'iiicester,
to accejit the crown ; this was iiiler])r<'ted I' '>e
tlu! voic(' of the nation. 'I'he crafty t}
■with affected scruples and w itli nnich a"p| ,<r-
iinco of humility, wjis at leiiLjIh j)revailc I on to
. . . accept the crxwn. His elevation had been
]mrchased by a series of crimes, and was now to
be secured by an act of accumulated luKior.
Three assassins, by tlie command of Richard,
rntorcd at inidiiii^ht tlii^ apartment of tlu; To'.er
vliere the princes lay asleep, and smotheriiii,'
them in th(! bed-clothes, buried tliei ■ in a cor-
ner of the budding. — Tyi i.f.ii's Jlisr., Jkiok (j,
th. 14, p. 237.
3743. MURDERESS murdered, .1 fi r i p p inn.
[The mother of Nero. She murdere<l lier hus-
band, and was assas.sinated by order of her son,
Avhoiu luc crimc'^ had elevated to the tlimne. )
The door was darkened by the entrance of Ani-
cetiia, with the trierarcli HiTculeiu^aiid tlw; naval
centurion Obaritus. " If you have come to in-
<|uirc about my health," .said the undaunted wom-
im, ".say that I have recovered. If to commit
a crime, I will not believe that you have my son's
orders; he would not command a ni.itricide."
]{eturiiing no answer, the murderers sui loundi'd
lierbed, and the irier.irch struck her on the head
with id.s stick. "Strike my womb," she e.v-
<-laimed, as the centurion drew his sword; "it
bore a Nero." 'I'liese \ rn; her last words before
she sank down slain with man_\ wounds. — Fx\K-
K.vii's EAiti.Y Days, ell. ',). p. 21.
3741. "MUSIC, Artin. S(nn>N'lJoJin.i"n. fJoi.i)-
HMirii : " The greatest musical iierformers have
but small emolument.s. <}iardini, I am told,
does not get above seven Inmdred a year."
.loiiNsoN : " That is, indeed, but lilllc foraman
to get wlio does best that which so many en-
deavor to do. There is nothing, 1 think, in
which the jiower of art is shown so much as in
playing on the fiddle. In all other things we
can do Notmihing at tirst.
a bar of iron, if yi
h, la
Any man will forgo
on give him a hammer ; iiol mo
\M'll as a smith, liiit tolerably. A man will .saw
a piece of ivoo<l, and make a lio.x, though ii
clumsy one ; hut give liiina llddle and atiddle-
stick, and Ik can do nothing."— n<>MWF;i.i,'H
.loiiNso.N, p. 208.
3715. MUSIC condemned. S/mrfnr- Timo-
theus the Aliiesian [was) a celebrated Ihihyram-
liii' poet and musici.m. Ileaddcd even a twelfth
string to the liar|), for which he was severely | un-
islicd by the sage Sparlaiis, who concluded that
luxury of sound would « (Tiiiiiiiate the jieople. —
i'l.i tAin ii'rt AdiN, Lanohounk'h >Joti;.
3710. MUSIC, In. aifinary. Dminhin. Quick-
witted, of tenacious memory, a ready nnd lliieiit
s|>eaker, gay and genial in address, an arti>^t, a
musician, he was at the Mime time; in indefati-
gable \>ork<'r at iHioks, at building, .il handi-
craft. A-i his sphere bej.'-an to widen we see
him followed by a train of pupils, hu.sy with lit-
erature, writing, harping, iininting, designing,
One morning a lady summons him to her house
to design a rob<! which she is emiiroidering,
and, as he bends with her maidciiM over their
toil, his harp, hung upon lh(! walls, sounds with-
out mortal touch tones which the excite d ears
around frame into a joyous .iniipluai, — lIi«T.
Km; Pkoi'i.k, $5 71.
3717. MUSIC, Love of. Si.it,, /it/i Cnfurt/.
.Musi(^ was the esp<'cial irt of the I'.li/.abetbun
days. In every household there was the love of
music, and in many families it v <s eultivateij as
an essential part of education. 1 lie plain tune
i)( the Church did not unlit tlu; jicoijIc for tin;
madrigals of the fireside — extiuisitcicoiupositions,
wliicli tell how mu( Il of the h' "hest iiijoyments
of a retineil taste biionged to an agt; which wo
are loo apt to consi<ier very inferior to our own
in the ainenitiesof life, — Ivmojit's Eno., vol, 3,
ch, 1«, p. 2")!).
374M. MUSIC a Necessity. Vnii<h,l. [fjeli-
mer, the King of the Vandals in Africa, sought
refuge from the Uou'ins on an inaccessiblo
mountain in Numidia. From the poverty of the
rude Moors he greatly suffend. Pharas, one of
the Hdman generals, urged him by letter to ac-
cept lie rlemeiicyof the emperor.] " I amnotin-
.sensiliK , repliecfthe King of the Vandals, " how
kind and rational is your advice. But I cannot
persuade myself to become the slave of an unjust
eneniv, who has deserved my implacable hatred.
Jliin 1 had never injured eitlier by word or deed ;
yet he lia.s .sent again.st ni( I know not from
A\ hence, a certain Helisarius, who has cast iiu;
headlong from the thnjne int' 'his ab^ss of mis-
ery. Justinian is a man ; he is a prince ; does he
not dread for himself a similar reverse of fort-
une ? 1 can writ(! no more ; my grief oppresses
me. Send me, I beseech you, niy dear I'hai.i.s —
send me a l.\ fe, !i sponge, and a loaf of bread."
From the \ andal messenger Pharas was inform-
ed of th(! motives of th'sinjrularreipiest. It was
long since the King of Africa bad tasted bread ;
a dellu.xion had fallen on Ids eyes, the elTeet of
fatigue or inces.sant weeping ; and he v ished to
solace the nielaneholy hours by singing to the
lyre the sad story of his own misfortunes. The
humanity of Pharas was moved ; he sent the
three extraordinary gifts. — Gibuon's Ro.me, ch.
4, p. 137.
MI^IC- MUTINY.
443
3740. ICUBIO, Oppoi«d to. Pitritona. Thiy
held thul " Hwoi't niiisic iit tlic fir t (liltglitcth tlio
earn, hut iifliirwiinl corruplclli :i ni I depnivrtli tlio
inliid."— Kniuiit'h K.nci., vol ili. 10, \>. 250.
37.10. MUSIC a political Power. I'opular
Siiij/. lit) 1(IM7 ijonl W Imrldii nuhlishcd ti noiij^
ridiculing Ivlii^ liinxs II. luid Tyrconiii!!, th<'
lord (Icpuly. ) " I'lu' wliwlciiruiy,' s»yn Murni't,
" iind at iiiHl iIk! inopjo of t)otJi city iiud rouiilry,
■wen- .tiiii^iiifr ii [II I |i('l,ually." W'lmrtoiiuftcrwai'd
boasted tlial lie had rliynied.IaiMi h out of hindi
millions. !!(• had pnxiuci'd a mmi^ like iiiatiy
oilier son^s, of woiidrouH popularitv, with little
intriii.sic inci It was wliinilrd aiidsu j; in every
street in Ids — Knkmit'h E.nu., vol. 1, ill. 'M,
p. 410.
375 1 . MUSIC, Power of. .lA/ /•// (^umi ,>/ S;,t.-:.
Tjove for Ihc art had iinl'ortunati'ly led to an un-
due |)rel'erene(! fortlic .ii'list. 'IIkto Im in niu.sl'
an attractive lanj^uaj^c without words, which uii
<'onsciously creates svinpathy, and which j^ives
the nuiHJcian a powerful inllueiice over the iinajri-
nation of women of cultivated minds. The de-
licious, iinpassionc)!, or heroic notes of the voice
orof theinstruinent seem to hreiillie m soul in unl-
flon with those suhliine or touching chord.s. The
music and the musician heconie, in it were, one.
Hizzio, after hiivinj^ merely furnisheil her with
amu.seinent in limes of sa<lne.ss, ended hy licco;:>
in^ hereonlidani, und lier favor .Hpcciliiy became
manifest to all. The musician, rapidly elevated
by her from his servile |)osiiion lolhesummil of
credit and honors, became, under ihe name of
Hccrclary, Ihe reitfiiin^ favorite and the minister
of lur policy. — LAM.Mtri.NK's .Maiiv, p. 12.
375a. MUSIC in Strife, (yairlf^ XIT. Tie
liad ii fleet l)lockadin;i; the jiort of Oopi'iihaitcn,
and an army Ihuiiderin^' at its >;ates. " What is
that whistlinf? noi.se I luai overhead ?" asked the;
kiiif^, as lie was d'^^cmbarkinj^ on Ihe Dan -li
hliore. " It is Ihe inusket-balls, sire," said \j\
orticer. " Good !" .said the kin;,' ; " that sliall In
my music henceforth." — Cvii.oi'kdi.v uk IJioo.,
p. Am.
3753. MUSIC, Taste for. It.ili,i/is. In Italy,
•writes Steel(!, a cobbler may be heard working'
to an opera luiic ; and " there is not a laborer or
}iiindi(Taft man that, in tlie cool of the evenin;;,
does not relieve himself willi solos and sonatas."
But, "on Ihe contrary, our honest eouiilrymen
have so lillle incliuiilion to music, that liiey sel-
dom Ix'tiin til siim till they are half drunk." —
K.nkuit's K.Mi., vol. ,■), eh." 27, p. 4:il.
3754. MUSIC unappreciated, (irncval ilrdiit.
\\\ Banirkok i i Siain.) A jruard of lionor i>re-
sciiled arms, the baiidi)layed the " Slar-Spanuied
Hanner," whicli wastlie tirst time Ihey had heard
tliat air in Ihe East, all the other bands they had
encountered laboriii!^ under Ihe delusion that our
iiaticnul air was " Ibul (\)lunil)ia." As Ihe ;,'en-
eral does not know one tune from another, it
never made ni ich difTerence so far as he was con-
'.erned. — Gknk'i.\i< Gu.\nt'h Th.wki.s, p. 3tt4.
3755. MUSIC, Undignified. A/'iMuhM. In the
course of his education, he willin<;ly took the les-
sons of his masters, but refused learning to play
upon the liute, -which ho looked upon as a mean
art, and unbecoming a gentleman. " The use of
the plectrum upon the lyre," he woidd say, "has
liolli iL' ill it thai di»orderN the features or form ;
bill :i man is hardly to be kiK'wn by his most in-
limale frieridH tvlieii he plays o(xin ihe tliile He-
sides, ihi' lyre does not hinderihe inrformer from
Hpeakiiig or accompany iiig it wilha miiii» ; where-
as the Iliile so eliifimc the inoulli and the breath
Mint it leaves no iM)ssibilily of siteakiii:; ' — I'l.u-
AIU IIS Al.rilll \I)K,M,
375<t. MUTINY, Courage against. ./"/> 'h Cv-
fiir. His .soldiers . . . bad deserved admirably
v»'ll, l>Ml they Were uiifortii; iilely overconscious
of their lui I'il's. Ill inleiitioned olllcers liii' ' taught
them to I'xik fore.\lravaganl rewaiils. '1 m ir e.\-
pi tntioiis were not fiiltllled ; and \\ hen llie> siip-
p(i (1 llmi their labors were over, tin v received
orders 111 |ii'i pure for a campaign in Alrlcii. . . .
They mutinied. . . . The soldiers of the favored
Tf'iiih . . . dciiiMiided siH'eeh of ( 'u'.nar. He bade
them come lo hiiii iiikI, with his usual fearless-
ness, told ihem lo bring Iheir swords, . . . [Iii-
slead of c;illiiig them " brothers in arms," as
usual, he tailed them "cili/(ns," which was a
ilismi.ssjil from ser\ ice. j Again passionately they
implored to beiillowcd |o eontinue \\ ith him. He
relented, but not entirely " Let all go who wish
to go, icsaid ; " 1 will have none serve with m(\
who serveunwillingly." " .VII, all !"they i ried ;
"not one of us will leave you"- md not one
went. The mutiny was the greatest ]ieril, per-
huiis, to wliii'h Cie.sar hiid ever been ( xjiosed.
No more was saiii.— FuoroK's C.-ks.mi, eh. 14.
3V57. MUTINY, Cruel. Sir Ihiun lliuhon. In
Ihe summer of UHK a shij), called th(! Disrovery,
was given to llud.son ; and with a vision of tfio
Indies tlltting before his imagination, he left Eng-
land, nev( r lo return. The route to China was
at last reve.'ded. So believed Ihe great capt;iiii
anil Ills crew , but sailing fail her lo the west, the
inhospitable shores narrowed on the more inlios-
I>itable sea, and Hudson found liimself envi-
roned, with the t('rrors of Avinter. in Ihe frozen
gulf (Hudson's Hay) of the North. With unfal-
tering courage he bore up until his provision.s
'.\ ere almost exhausted ; spring was at hand, and
the day of escai)e liad already errived when the
treacherous crew broke out ii mutiny. They
.seized Iluil-uiiand his only son, with seven other
faithful sailors, threw Ihein into an ojien shallop,
and ca.st Ihem oil among the icebergs. The fate
of the illustriiHis mariner has never been knowii.
— KiDi'ATii's r S., ch. 8, p. i)3.
375§. MUTINY by Disappointment. Second
V<>!/ii(/e. [A lillle colony was jilaiited in the West
Indies.] Hernard Diaz dv. Pisa, a man of some
imporlance, who had held ii rivil ottiee about the
court, had come out s\\\\ theexpedilion as comp-
troller ; lie seems to have ])resunuil iiixai his of-
licial ])i)wers, and to have had i .irly di.'Terenees
with the admiral. Disgusted with his employ-
ment in the colony, he soon made a taction among
ilie diseontenled, iiiid pro]io-ed that liny should
lake advantage of liie indispositiun of Columbus
to st'ize upon some or all of the live shijis in tlu!
harbor, and return in them to Spain. It would
be ea.sy to justify their clandestine return, by
])referring a complaint against the admiral, rej)-
resiMiting the fallacy of Ids enteri)rises, and ac-
cusing him of gross deceptions and exaggerations
in his accounts of the countries. [The conspiracy
was discovered in due season.] — luviNo'a Co
LUMBus, Hook 6, ch. 7.
444
Mrrrw-XAMK.
1'
r
p ■
li!
»ra». IIUTIKY,R«forraby. ///•////.// AW/y. <tn
the ir.ili (.1 Ajiill |I71»;| l.uni llri.l|K)rt. who
Imd liikcii the ('iitniniitiil ol' the ( 'liiiiitK'l tlcct,
iiittdi' (lir Mi^'tml l<> iirciiiirt' for wa. 'I'lic MiiilorM
vf IiIm lliiK>>lii|>. Ilif Itoyiil tJcorjri', iiislnid of
^Vl'tKllirlK' aiK lini- niii up the Nliroiids mid pivo
»lin'C( Ihtim. 'I'licHlKMitM wcrccclKK'd from cvi'iy
>>hip itt Siilllicad. 'riios('rlic«'r»4, sooflcii tilt' prrl
iidi' of viclury, wcrr Nomids VM'll I'idcidiid-d In
strike terror into tin- licnrl of tlic iNildcMl ciiiiliiiii.
Tlicy Wire llu'sitfimNof iimliny. . , . Alllioiijfli
the coiiiiiiiiiidH of i)i(' iidiiiirid lo put to niii were
H<t lit imiiL'lit — alllioiii;li every olljccr siiw Hint
Ills i»ower of eoiilpeljiii^r ojieiiieiiei! wiis ffone,
not a IiiiimI was raised In olTeiiee, not a voice was
lieard In disrespect,. |'l'lilrty two dele;rates, two
from eiicli ship, iiier in l.onf llowe'sculiin lo de
lil)eriite. On the 17lh every Hcamiin was sworn
losiistain thccoinmon cause";) on the fore yard-
arms of every sjiip rojMs were reeved, ri'iidy for
Iheexeewtlon of summitry piinisliment upon nny
deserter. [Two petitions were drawn up— one to
the I louse of Commons am I one to Hie Admir.iitv.
netlin;r forth llieir just demands with temper and
(Hscretii)ii. I 'I'lie pay and peiision.s of the army
had lieeii iiicreiised, while the H'aiiien had lieen
iKiffleeled, I 'I'lie Hiillors received only fourteen
ounces to the pound In the iirovlsloiisMerved out.
to them, two ounces lieiiii,Metiiiiied as (lie per-
quisite of the purser. 'I'liey had sliorl (pianlitie.s
in every arlicli' measured." Tiieir food wiih hud.
'I'liey demanded reform and also pay while in
hospital from wounds received duriii'/ action,
niilil ilischiiri;ed. 'I'lie mutiny succeeded. The
reforms were inade.J— Knkiht's Kn<i., vol. 7,
<h. 11).
»r«0. MUTINY of Sailori, /iri/M Xnn/. |()ii
Hie 22(1 of .May, 171)7, the licet at the Nore were
joined liv four men-of-war and a sloop which de-
serted from tli<' fleet hlockiidinff the Te.xel. Their
nets were those of u foreijjii enemy. TluM'ed tla^
— tlie pirate's si^^nal, which implied no (|uarter
would 1)0 f,nven — wa.s lioisted. Alerchant ves-
sels wen; iiilerccpted. The inutineers had not
the support of the other Heels, and they were not
united anioni; theniseUes. Soon all the vessels
returned to their duties without giiiiiin^f any
conccfssions from the pivermiient. The leadc'r
of the revolt was executed.] — K-NKiirr's E.Nii.,
vol. 7, eh. 1!», p. ;{40.
nrOl. MYSTERIES, Inexplicable. Snni<,l
Jiilinnon. I ililroduced tlie sulijecl of seeoiid-
siirht, and other mysterious inanifestations, the
fnllilmeiit of which, I siii^;,'<'sted, inii^ht happen
liy (;liance. .Ioii.nso.n : " Yes, sir, hut they have
liai>[iene(l so often, that mankind have a;?reed to
think them not fortuitous." I talked to him a
preiit deal of what I had seen in Corsica, and of
my intention to publish an account of it. He
encouniLced me hy snyinLr, " Vou cannot i;o to
the liottom of the suliject ; but all that you tell
u.s will he new lo us. t;iv(! us as many anec-
dotes as you can." — IJOHWKl.l/a.IoiINHON, p. 1-12.
3r«'2. MYSTICISM, Methodi of. Mon/.rn/. A
lioly iihhe, superi(jr of thousiinds of monks, ex-
pluined : " When you are alone in your cell,
shut the door and sit in a corner. Elevate your
imaf^nation al)ove all transitory iind vain things ;
r(;st your beard and your chiuuiM>n vour breast ;
turn your eyes and thouifht.s toward the middle
of your belly where the navel is placed, and
Hearrh for llic lu-ut of Hid mmiI. All will ml firA
appear to you dlHorder, obNoirity, confuNion.
Hut If you perm-vere nij^hl iinddiiy, you will ex.
perleiice n dellcimis pleiiMiire. Krolll llir liionient
the soul di^coveiN tlie place of the heart, It en-
Joys ii mystic and ethereal lllnininalion. "- Lkm-
■UiriNKH Tl'llKI.V, p 2'J«I.
»r<i:i. MYTHS, Origin of. W,^t l»</,;n,.^ When-
ever Cohimhiis approached a IHipuImM vib
lii^'e, he placed Ihe cavalry in lioiii, for tho
I horseH inspired a niiiiu;l<'d terror and luimiiatioit
! anions the natives. Lkh Casas observes ihat ut
I tlrst tiiey I ippimetl the rider and his horse lo Ui
' one aniiiiiil, and nothitif; could exceed llieir iim-
tonishment al Hceiii^ the horsemen dlHmount, n
circumsliiice which shows that tin* alleged ori-
^dn of till' iineleiit fable of the centaurs Is at h'ltst
{ founded In nature. (In llieii|iiiroacliof thearniy
j the Indians p-nerally lied uilli terror, and took
refnp' in their lious<s.- Ihvinom Com .MhiM,
Hookll, eh. U.
3701. NAME abandoned. I» Srotland. (The
Karl of ,\r|,'yle was captured after a vain al-
letiipt to rebel af;ainst .lames II. | Tin- man
who bore the chief |)art in the arrest was named
Ulddell. On this account the whole race of
liiddells was during more than a century, held
in abhorreiH • by llie ^'reat tril)e of Campbell.
Within livinj; memory, when a Hiddell visited
a fair in Arj;ylesliire, he found it ni-ccsnary to
assumea false; name. — Mac.m i.av'h Kno., eh. T),
|). 51)1.
:»r05. NAME, Aid of a. Ah.vnniln-. I'yrrlius,
takin;;uparnis, . . . marched a;,;Minst lienea. The
ni^dit before he set out he dreatned that Alex-
ander the Oreat called him, and that when he
came to him he found him sick in bed, but was
received with many obliirini; expre.s.sionH of
friendship, and a promis<; of sudden a.sNistanee.
I'yirhus Hiiid, " ilow can you, Hir, who art! sick,
be abl»; to assist me '/" Alexander answt'red, " I
will do it with my name ;" and at the .same time
he moimte<l a Ni.sieun hor.se, and seemed to lead
the way. — I'i.itauch'h I'vuuiii s.
.ir<Mt. NAME, Change of. Unhrrt. [ Robert, son
of Kichard 11., was| sometimes slyled " Robert
the Maj^niticent," and more coniinonly " Rob-
ert the Devil." — Kmoht's Kno., vol. l,ch. 13,
p. KiM.
^lr^^t. name, a detested. J>,frn/.t. .Teffreys
had (lone his work, and returned loclaim his re-
ward. He arrived at Wind.sor from the West,
leaving carniiL'e, mourninir, and leiror behind
him. The haired with which he was re^ardcHl
in .Somersetshire has no parallel in our history.
It was not lo beijuencheil by liiiK! or by ])olitical
( hanircs, was Ion;,' transmitted from jieneration
lo fceiieration, an<l raired liercely afjainst his
innocent jiroLreny. When he had been many
y<'ars dead, when his naiiu! and title were ex-
tinct, his ^randdau^diter, theC(amt«'S8 of I'orii-
fret, travelling alon;; the western road, wu.s in- .
suited by Ihe |M>pidace, and found that she could
not .safely venture! herself amonj^ the dcvscendautu
of those who liad witiu-ssed the bloody a.s.si/.es.
Hut at the eourt Jeffreys was cordially welcomed.
Ilewasa judge after hi.s master's own heart. —
Macailay's Enu., oh. 5, p. 010.
J1768. NAME, Difference In. ViiimporUint.
When tht» muljassudors of AiUiochus [the Great J
NAMK-NAMKM.
44A
nprcMfilnl to llu AiimaiiM how initiDroim the
kiii^'M fi)rc«'H Wirt', hikI, to iiiako ihciii ii|)|H'ar
Mill iiiori' Ml, r(>('k(>n('<l llxin iiit liy nil lliiir ilif-
(iTi'rit imiiu!4, " I MU|i|)<-il once, ' milii KluiiilniiiM,
" Willi ti I'lit'ihl ; anil ii|Miii my i'diiiiiIuIiiIiik <>f
111)' x>'"i>t itiiinU'r of iIIhIii'm, and t'\|M-i'.>«Mliiu; iiiv
wondi r Imw lif could fiiriiiHli IiIh lulilc wiih niuIi
a vuKt variciy, ' lU; not iitii'iiMy niHiiit thai,' Nald
my frii II i, ' tor It is all Iio^^'h tl("*li ; and tlii'dlir< r-
• iin- Ih only in lli<^ drt'HNin|( and tlic Maiici'.' In
like niiiiHIl
lie llol aMt<
forci'M. Ill llicHt iilki'inrn, tlirMii liallicrdict's and
rnirHKslciH , for tlicv an- nil Syrians, only dl-iin-
KiiiNlwd liv till? Irlllini< arms liny Itcar.'- I'l.i -
T.\ii( ii'rt I-'laminiim.
:|7<N>. NAin: (kltlAed. Coiii/wrorx. 'I'lii- odi-
oiiH namo of conqiKTorH was Moflcnrd into llir
niiUI and frinidly ii|>iirllation of iUri/niHl/i of lli«
KoiiimiM ; and tli<! liarliarianH of (Saul, inoro cs-
p<'('ially tlic OolliH, npcHti'dly di'diiri'd that tlicv
wtTo lH>nnd to tlic |m'<i|iIc liy tliti ticsof lio.s|iital-
III^I III MM .11. -..'i.t^ -.,..... ...
ncr, I Niiy to voii, my Aclin'tm friend,
HtonlHlicd at tlic niimlur of .Vntioclnis'
to llic ciiiiicror liy the duly of allc^dancc
lary mrvK c- (iiiiiKiNH Ho.mk, cli. Ill,
ily, and t
and milili
p. ;M."i.
3TT0. NAME, A fearful. liWh„nl f. If Ihto-
ism lie contliicd to linital and ferocious valor,
Itichard I'lanta^eiiet will Htand liii;h iimon^ the
hcrocH of the a,nc. The memory of Cnur th: l,i»ii ,
of the lion hearted prince, was lon^ dear and
^'lorious to his Hn^lish Mulijeels ; and, at the dis-
tance of sixty years, it wan cclehnitcd in prover
liial Hiiyini^s liy tin; grandsons of tlu' Turks and
Sariu'cns, Mi;ainsl whom he had fou;;lit ; his Ire-
nicndouH name was employed liy l\w Syrian
mothers to silence their infanls ; and if a horse
sudih'iily started from the wav, his rider was
wolil to e.xclaiin, " Dost tlioii lliink Kin^ Itich-
iird is in that liusli V" — UiiiiKiN'rt Komk, cIi. 41),
p. \Vi.
STT I. NAME, A helpful. " H'im// ///,-///-/(." At
Koine he wiis stroni^ly tempted to turn |iainter ;
and it was there also that he was the recipient of
attentions more tlatlcrin^ than he could account
for until just as he whs jroitifj away. " Tell me,
sir," said a ^reat lionian hunker, who had ]iaid
him particular honor, " (ur, you a rcliitive of
(leiieral Washins^ton ?" \U' thus learned that
he had liet!n indelilcd for unexpected invitations
and other civilities to his siipfiosed rcliilionsliip
to our tirst President. Mr. Irvim;, after tcilin;^
this anecdote, used .sometimes to add to it an-
other. An Knjjlish lady and her daughter paused
in a Ki'll'Ty "' '"''• Ix'lofe a liust of \Vasliini,'ton.
" Mother," said the (laujj;litcr, " who was VVush-
injjjton ?" " Why, my dear, don't you know ?
lie wrote the Sketch Hook. " — C-'yci.oi'KIU.v ok
J{io(i., p. T'JI.
arra. NAME, Posthumous. CtHiir. [Tln-au-
tliority of) Cii'sar was so formidahlc in Rome,
that it sup])ortcd his friends even after he was
dead. And a simpk; lioy ro.se to the tirst emi-
nence of power by adoptiiif^ his name, which
8erv('d as a charm aifainst the envy and the in-
fluence of Antony. — Pi.ittaucii.
a^rS. NAME, A terrible, denernl JackHon.
In the liitler part of 1817 the Seminole Indiiins
on the frontiers of Oeorji^ia and Altibumnlieciinie
liostile. Sonic bad ncj^roes and treacherous
Creeks joined the savayes in their depredations.
OeiHTiil (hiinoM, eoinrnanilanl of n iMi!it on Flint
Klver, WHN Ment into the Seminole I oiintry, but
after destrovlnj^ it few villages hlx forces wero
found inii(lei|uat(i to coni|uer tlii! red iniin.
(general .laeksoii wiih then ordered to collect fioni
the adjacent States a sulllcienl army iind reduco
the Seminoleslo HiibmiHslon. Instead of follow-
ing his directions, that Miern and self v\ille<l man
miisiered llHii) rltlemen from West 'lenneHHec,
and in the Nprin^' of |N|H overnin the hoHiilw
country with little op[ioHitloi). The Indians wirtt
afraid to ll^dil the man whom llicy had named
the MIk Knife, — Uiiii'.MiiM C. S, ('h. W, p. llH.
:i7r I. NAMB8, Burdened with. 7'A«< \V,Mt.
Ilcnry | Vill | himself, it will be remembered,
was of Welvli descent ; and he slron;;ly recom-
mended il to the Welsh to adopi the mode of
most civili/.ed nations, in taking family names,
Instead of their manner i f adding their father's,
and, |icrhaps, their f;randfather's name to their
owti Chrisiiiin oii(>, as Morgan ap Williams, or
Hichard ap Morf^'anap Williams. — IIooh'hCiiom-
WKr.i,. ch. 2, p. 2(1.
:IT7A. NAMES, Coinoidenoe in. r„ir»». In
the middle of the thirleiiilh cent.iry, however,
arose a genius of singular eminence, who, pit^rc-
in^ at onci- through the thickest cloud of igno-
rance and barbarism, sccmcil formed to enlij;ht-
eii Kuropc. This was |{o>rer Ihicon, an Kn>{lish
Francis( an friar, who In variety and extent «if
>;enius is entitled most deservedly to the lii)^hest
rank in the nnnals of Kuropean 'literature. llu
was acipiiiinteil with all the ancient la!i|;ua;.,res,
and familiar with the works of their liest au-
thors. At that time, when every pretender to
knowledi;e dri'W his creed of .science from th(5
works of Aiistolle, and servilely adhered to hi.s
do;;mas and opinions, the ;;enius of lio^^er Hacon
saw the insiitliciency of that pliilos(i[iliy ; and he
be<;im to apply himself with iiiilefatipible indus-
try to that method of invest ij;al ion by ex|i«Ti-
nient, and by the observation of nature, which
was afterward, at the distanct- of four centuries,
so hapnily pursued and so strenuously recom-
mended by an illustrious philosopher ot the same
name, Francis Hacon, Lord V'eruiam. In thi^
" Opus Majlis" of Roofer Hacon he declares that
if it had been in his jiower, he would have burnt
the whole worksof Ar\s\t)\U' qniu Kirnni nlndium
non t'nf iiixi tfniiH>rin (iinitoiio, (t (•iiiisii errori/i, et
III iiltijilii-iiti'o if/iii>r(ui(iip. Accordiiifily, this ^reat
man, applyini!; him.self to the improvement of
philo.sophy by observation and experiment, dis-
tin^^iiished hfmself by some of the most imjior-
tant discoveries in astronomy, in optics, in chem-
istry, in medicine, and in mechaniis. — 'I'vTi, Kit's
Hist., Hook (1. ch. HI, p. 21(i.
:I77«. NAMES, High sounding, //* Cnnt^m.
The streets are narrow and common, but they
have hi;;h-soundiii^ names, IIk; Hroadwiiy of
Canton beini^ called " Henevolcnce ;" others are
named " I'eace," " Hri^ht Cloud," " I.onj^evi-
ty," " Early-Hestowed Hlessin^^s," " Kverlasling
Love," " One Hundred (Jrandsons," " One Thou-
.sand Grand.sons," "Five Happinesses," " Ue-
frcshint,' Hreezes," " Accumulated JMcsslnjrs,"
"Ninefold Bri!?htiiess,"etc. — Genkk.m.Gh-XNt's
Tii.WKi.s, p. as)7.
.1777. NAMES, Influence of, C ^rcrnment.
The title of kinj^ had armed the Romans a;;;unst
Ills life. Au^fustus was sensible that mankind is
»m<
jf^mmmm
44 G
NAMES— NATION.
povcrtK'd l)y names ; nor was lie (Icccivcd in his
i'xpcrlation that Ww Sciialu and iXMiplc would
i-mliniit to slavery, provided they \V( ic res])ect
lidly assured tiiai they still enjoyed their ancient
I'reedoni. A f'eehle Senate aii(l enervated peoplo
<'lieerfully ac(|uieseed in tlie pleasini; illusion, as
Ion;; as it was supported tiy tiie virtue, or even
hy tlie I'rudenee, of tlu^ sueeessors of Aui^nislus.
— Giimion's Komi;, eh. IS, p. 87.
J177W. NAMES, Memorizing. Sniinul Johmo'ii.
Nothini; is ii, )re coninion than to mistake sur-
names when w<' hear them can --sly uttered for
the first tinu;. To prevent tins, he used not onlv
to proi: 'unce them slowlv and distinctly, hut to
take the trouble of s])ellini; them — a ])ra(lie(!
whicli I have often followed, and wiiieli 1 wish
"Were general. — Hoswki.i/s Johnson, p. 48i).
377f>. NAMES, Unimportant. ]'irf<tn/. ]51ake
did not trouble himself with governini; trouble-
.vcme people ; his work lay in tii^htini; England's
fiiemies and maintaining England's honor on th(!
seas. First we find him in conflict again with
!in old l.'Uid foe, I'rinee Huperl, who liad also l)c-
iaken himself to the waters. ]{lake followed him
to the Tagus, trailing after him tlie Common-
wealth's men-of-war witli their homely names of
the Tiger, the Tenth Whelp, John, Signet;
homely vessels no doubt, but they succeeded in
.scattering Uui)ert's vessels with their liner names,
and the prince, -.villi the fratMients of his tleet,
liurriedaway to the West Indii's. —Hood's ("uo.M-
\,Ki,i,, eh. Ifi, |), ','().").
niTSO. NATION, Characterized, riui/an. The
Indians were strongly inarke,! with national jx;-
culiarities. 'I he most striking characteristic of
the rac(^ was d. rcrtnin acntii; of pernoiKd iiidc-
pi ')(/) Nir, iri/fidntus of action, freedom from re-
utrinid. To the red man's imagination the idea
of a civil authority wliieh should subordinate his
passions, curb his will, and thwart liis purjioses
was intolerable. Among this ])eople no common
cnti rprise was jiossible unless made .so by tlic
concurrence of free wills. If tlie chieftain en-
tered the war-path, his kinsman and tlie braves
of other tribes followed him only because they
cho.se liis Icadershi)). His authority and right of
command extended no further than to be fore-
most in danger, most cunning in .savage strftcgy,
bravest in battle. So of all the relations jf Ind-
ian life. — HiDi'.vTii's U. S., ch. 1, p. 't4.
3781. NATION, A conceited. Eo'ilaml. [A
Venetian traxellcr says] they think there are no
other men than thein.';elves, and no other world
but 'England ; and whenever they see a liand-
Rome foreigner, they say that he looks like an
Englishman. --Knioht's Eng., vol. 'l, ch. 1."),
]). 2r)4.
.37S2. NATION, A degenerate. Mohummednns.
Oth;i>an wassuccec(!ed by AM, the son-in-law of
Mahomet. '^['Iiis jirince, whose name is to this
day revcre(l by the ^Mohammedans, inherited, in
many respects, the genius of his fatlicr-in-law.
. . . The genius of tlio Arabians, tired liy en-
thusiasm and invigorated by coiupicst, seemed
now in the train of carrying everything before
jt. It is wonderful what may be a(;hieveil by a
people who arc once in the track of glory. Na-
tions, in fact, seem to have; their ages of brill-
iancy, when all is life, and vigor, and enterprise ;
and these pcrhajis [jreceded, and again to be fol
'{'he principu^
corrupted. The
lowed by, an era of inanimation, weakness, and
degeneraiy. In this splendid jieriod of the his-
tory of the Saracens, their coiKpiests were in-
credible. Within half a century from the lirsl
ojieiiiiig of the career of Miihoinet they had
raised an empire more extensive than what n?-
mained, at this time, of lh(> dominion of the Ito-
mans. — Tytlkk's Hist., IJook (5, ch. 1, ji. TA.
37§:i. . Moors. Spain was at this
time chietly pos.sessed by the .Moors. The Chris-
tians occupied about a fourth part of the coun-
trv, and that the most barren of tin; whole. . . .
The Moors jxis.sessed the rest of the (;ouiitry,
coin])reliending Portugal. Their capital . . . was
the city of Cordova, a most delightful residence,
wliieh they had adorned with every embellish-
nient of art and magniticeiice. The.se Arabians
wcn^ at this time, perhaps, the most retined and
polished jieojile in the world. Eu.xury and
pleasure at length corrupted the princes of the
Moors, and their dominions, in tin; tenth cen-
tury, were split among a nuniber of petty
sovereigns. — 'i'vTi.i;K's Hisr., Hook (i, ch. 7,
p. l-J.').'
!I78.|. — . Kiifihuid, 17.->i). EiTemina-
cy, vanity, luxury, rajiacily. uni\('rsally pre-
vaile(l. Uclinion was d"s])isi'd
of honor was lost or total
national capacity was lowered. The national
si)iritof defence was ini])aireil. — Kniout's Enc;.,
vol. (). ch. 14. p. -Z\-:i.
37W.1. NATION, Heterogeneous. Roitir. Romu-
lus. . . built his city, having sent for per.sons from
Hetriiria, who (as i;, usual in .sacred mysteries),
according to stat'd ceremonies and written rules,
were to order Mid direct how everything was to
be done. Fivst, a circular ditch was dug about
what is now called the Comitium, or JIall of
Justice, and the tirst-fruits of everythin,^ that is
reckoned either good by ii.se or neces.sary by
nature were cast into it ; and thiii each bring-
ing a small quantity of the earth of the country
from whence he came, threw it in promi.seuously.
This ditch had the name of Mundus, the sanu;
with that of the universe. — Pi.utauch'b Komu-
Li s.
37§6. NATK N, An inconsiderate. Feare d.
[William Fitl and Edmund Hurke were Eng-
land's famous statesmen.] In 1791 Pitt invited
Hurke to dine with him. After dinner Burke
was earnestly representing the danger which
threatened the country from French [revolu-
tionary] principles, when Pitt said, " Never fear.
Mr. Bi;rk(^ ; depend on it, we shall go on ns we
are till the day of judgment." " Very likely,
sir," replied Hurke; "it is tlie day of no judg-
ment that I am afraid of." — Knkiiit's Enu.,
vol. 7, ch. 11, p. 207.
37N7. NATION, Prospective. Nun Frnnrc.
In the month of January, ir)24, Vcrrazzani left
the shores of Europe. His llet't consisted at first
of four vessels, but tiiree f)f them were dam-
aged in a storm, and the voyage was undertaken
with a single ship called the Dolphin. . . . The
whole coast of New Jersey v.as explored, and
the hills marked as containing minerals. The
harbor of New York was entered, and its safe
and sj)acious waters noted with admiration. At
Newport, K. I., W-rrazzani anchored lor fif-
teen <lavs. iind a trade was again ojiened ■w\,h
the Inilians. Hefore leaving the place tho
NATIOX-XATURE.
447
f*.**. and
tlio liis-
v^'lv ill-
he /iPHt
cy liml
at vv
tlic Hi).
). r,4.
• at tliM
■Cliris.
I' conn-
Ic. . . .
)iiiitrv,
. . was
idcnoc,
iH'lliHll-
rahiaiis
I'd and
y and
of tile
li con-
petty
ell. 7.
French Nailovs repaid tlie confidence of the na-
tives liy ki(lnai)!)ini^ a iliild and atteiiiiilinjr to
steal a defcneeies.-i Indian j.rii'1. Sailin.i; from
Newport, \'erra/./.ani eontimied his exploratioiiH
northward. The ionji and liroken line of tin'
New Eiii;land coast was traced with consider-
alilecare. . . . Passinir to the east of Nova Scotia,
I lie hold n,'iviu;alor reached Newfouiidhiiid in
till! latter i)arl of May. In .Inly lie reiiiriied to
l-'i^anee, ami i)ii lied an account, still extant,
of his ^"-rcat (lis> overics. 'I'lie name of New
France was now uiveii to tlu; whole country
whose sea coast had been traced hy the adveii-
tiiroiis ( rew of tli(.' Dolphin. — KiDi'.vrn's {' . S.,
cli, 5, p. 70.
37»«. NATION rescued, A. Jhi/tir ,(t l,iu-
t/icn. [Frederick the (treat an'ainst the Aiistri-
aiis, after suireriiii; yreat disasters. His enemies
eomliined airainsl I'riissia. (ireat was the val<ir
shown and the victory won. See No. rilitJ. |
The soldiers knew hoivthe rescue of their nation
hum; on thai battle ; and as a ^'■renadier on the
I'eld of carnaLre hciran to siiiir, "'{"hanks be to
(rod," the whole army, in the diirknc^s of eveii-
iiiif, standin;!; amid lliousai ' < of the dead, up-
lifted the livmii of praise.— Ha.nckuft's r. .s.
vol. 4, eh. Vi.
it7n9. NATION, Shameful. S/i<i/ii. The .ffuns
of the enemy rolled no more round the British
coast till Cromwell was drnd and Charles Stuart
came back ; and then, indeed, even liondon
herself hearii them thiinderini!; up the Medway
and the Thames, 'i'urks, pirates, and corsairs —
these wi're swcjit away of course ; but in those
days Spain herself was but a kiiiirdom of rob-
bers and buccaneers. Waves of ^'oldeii romance,
what imaf,dnatioii does not kindle over the sto-
ries of the Spanish .Main ! The power of Spain
wu.s there — Si)ain, the bloodiest ])ower of FiU-
rope ; Spain, the land of the IiKpiisilioi , Siiain,
the di.siiiaeed, dcijradeil land of e\ cry supersti-
tion. Apunst her Cromv.cU declared war. Al-
liance with France, hostility to Spain, a;id we
have seen how the immortal IJlake anil hi.s lire-
.sliips scoured those distant seas. That ^reat
seakinj; '. — Hood's Cuomwki,!,, eh. Kl, \). 217.
3790. NATIONS contrasted. AOwniKiiK—Lit-
('{•(hPin/iKiiiiin. The .uaiiiiers of the Athenians
formed a most strikiiiiif contrast to those of tlu;
Jjacedienionians. U is. in fact, hardly jiossi-
ble to tind a greater dissimilarity even in na-
tions inhabiting tin? most o])posite extremes of
the earth. The Athenian found, cilhtr in his
relish for .serious business or in his taste for
])leasure, a constant occupation. Tlie arts at
Athens met with the highest encouragement.
Tin- luxury of the rich perpetually employed
tli(! industry of tin; jioor ; and the sciences were
cultivated with the same ardor as the arts ; for
the connection of mental enjoymenls with mod-
erate gratilication of sense is tlu^ retinement of
luxury. But in the ])leasures of the Athenians,
unless, indeed, in the most corrupted times of
the commonwealth, deceuey vva.s most scrupu-
lously (^b.H'rvcd. We have seen those rigid re-
straints on tlu( ctMiduct of magistrates. An ar-
clion convicted of drunKcnne.ss was, for the
first offence, condemned to \i\\y a heavy line, and
for a second was punished with death. This
general decency of character was much height-
ened by a ccrlaiii urbanity of manners, which
eminently distinguished the Atlienituis above all
the other States of (Jreece. — Tyti,ku'm Hist.,
Book 1, ch. 10, p. 107.
arOI. NATIONS, Union of. Commonm-alth.
Henry IV. devised a grand scheme, which con-
sisted in the formation of a confederacy or com-
monwealth of nations, embracing within itself,
on 11 jierfcctl}' c<|ual footing, the three prevailing
forms of Christianity— till! Catholic, the I.,uther-
aii, and the Reformed — and guaranteeing the
free enjoyiiK'nt of those political institutions
which each member might prefer. The a.s.soci-
atioii was to comprise six hereditary monarcliicH
— France, Spain, (Jri'at Britain, Denmark, Swe-
den, and Savoy, or Northern Italy ; six electivi!
moiiarcliies — "tlu! cmiiire, Foland, Hungary,
\'enice, Bohemia, and tlic^ I'ajial States; and
three reiaiblics— the Netherlands, Switzerland,
and the llaliiMi Uejuiblic, containing Ocnoa,
Lucca, and other small pnivinci's. . . . 'I'lie c(|iii-
librium thus estnhlislied was to be maintained
by a federal council or diet, the decisions of
which were to be final in all cases of dispute
between the as.sociated Sl.atcs, — Sri dk.nts'
I'lt.wcK, ch. IH, ^ i:{.
:ir»i«. NATIONS, Vanishing. Af,'/o),>/iti/,M. It
appears that their original scat was on the ( tttawa
Uiver. At tlu! beginning of the seveiitcentli cen-
tury the .\ lgon(|uiiis numbered fully a ijuarter of
a millio.i. The tribes of this great family were
nomadic in their habits, roaming from one hunt-
ing grou!id and river to another, according to
die exigencies of fishing and thiM'tiase. Agri-
culture was but little esteemed. They were di
vided into many subordinate tribes, I'acli having
its local name, dialect, and traditions. When the
first Euroiiean .settlements were planted the Al-
gon(|uin race was already declining in numbers
and influence. Wasting diseases destroyed whole!
tribes. Of all the Indian nations, th(! Algonquins
suffered most from contact with the white man.
Befon; h'" iggrcs.sive s])irit, his fiery rum, and
his destru tive weapons, the warriors were una-
ble to stand. Tlu; race has withered to a shadow ;
only a few thousands remain to rehear.se tln!
storv of their ancestors. — Uidi'ath's I'.S., ch. 1,
p. 42.
3703. NATDKE vs. Art. Sumud Johnson.
BoswK.i.i, : " I am well assured that the iieojile
of Otalieite who have the bread tree, the fruit of
>vliich .serves them for bread, laughed heartily
when they were informed of thi! tedious process
necessary with us to have bread — iiloughing,
sowing, [.arrowing, r'^aping, threshing, grinding,
baking.' .Ioii.nso.n ; " Why, sir, all ignorant
savages will laugh when they arc told of the ad-
vantages of civilized life. \Vere you to tell men
who live without houses how we |)ile brick upon
brick, and rafter uiion rafter, and that after a
lious(! is raised to a certain height a man tum-
bles off a scaffold and breaks his neck, lu!
would laugh heartily at our folly in building;
but it does not follow that ir. n are better with-
out houses. No, sir," holding up a slice of a good
loaf, "this is better than tlut bread-tree." — Bos.
WKi.i.'s Johnson, p. 21ti.
370 1. NATURE, Demands of. Itxiac Xeirton.
Early in his college career Newton would spend
a whole nigh', ii, the solution of a mathematic.al
])roblem, and would greet him [his friend] in the
nuirning with a joyful salutation, seemiiij; to be
H
448
NATUUE-NECESSITV.
iiiiii
p
11
as much rcfrcsliod hy liis micccHfl ns if lie lind
Hpcnt tlip ni'^lit in .sleep, ilc would leave his
dinner uulnsted on Uk; tid)]c, hour after hour,
winle 111! iirooded over .soino iniillieniatieal ditii-
cidty, and at len;j;lli order tlm disjies io l)e ic-
moved, not l)eing aware tlial lie had no diiuier.
Xature will not susp.'nd her laws even in lavor
of her most illustrious inte^ri^'-eter. Tlu^ lilooni
faded from hisehe"ks; his digestion hecauie im-
paired, and a .serious illness tlirealeued his life.
jle took warninu, as he remarked, and " learned
to go to lied netime.s." — Pahtcjn's Xkwi'on,
p. 7!>.
3705. NATURE depreciated. Snitnul Jo/m-
Kon. We walked in the evening in (Jreenwieh
Park. He asked me, 1 sui)po.se, by way of try-
ing my disposition, " Is not this very tine V"
Having no e.\(juisite relish of the beauties of na-
ture, and being more delighted with " \\\v, busy
hum of men," I answered, " Yes, sir; but not
♦'(pial to Fl(!et Stre<'t." JoirNsoN : "You arc
right, sir." — Boswkli/s Johnson, p. 127.
37»«. NATURE, Irreprestible. A ndirir Jack-
son. The new Presi<lent was u native of North
Carolina, born cm the Waxhaw, March 15, 17(17.
Hi.s belligerent r.atun; broke out in boyhood,
and his mother's plan of dev. Iiig him to the
ministry was hopelessly d(f( ati'd.— -Kidpatii's
U. 8., c'h. 54, p. 4'^6.
3797. NATURE misinterpreted. Providn..~i\
It wa.s the fashion ( ' the times to attribute every
remarkable event to tic ])articular will of tlir
Deity ; the alterations of natur(> were connected,
by an invisilile chain, with the moral and meia-
physical opinions of the humi.n mind ; and the
mo.st sagacious divines coidd distinguish, accord-
ing to )h(^ color of their respective i)rejudices,
that the establishment of heresy tended to jno-
duce an earthquake, or that a deluge was t'^
inevitable conse((Uenceof the prog, 's.- of sin and
error. — GinBON's Home, eh. 'ZiS, p. 2.
37»8. NATURE, Relief in. Edmv d B >/>•/,, .
It is srill atouchiiig j)iftnre to the historic imag-
ination to ff»llou hiiu fr:)iu the I'cat auC. violi-nce
of the Hou.se, where tipsy stpu'res derided the
greatest genius of his tim:', down to th" calm
shades of Beacoiislield, where he would with his
own hands give food to a starving beggar oi-
medicine to a jieasant sick of the :igue ; where
he would talk of th(! weather, tlu; turnips, and
the hay with the team-men and th(^ inrm-ba.iitT ;
and where, in the evning stillness, he would
pa. e the walk under the trees, and retlect on tlx-
state of Europe and tla^ distractions of his coun-
try. — Mokt.i:y's Bi:uKE, cli. (>.
37»». NATURE, Secrets of. Tin;/>, of f/uirlcx
IT- The great Work of interpreting nature was
jierforniecl by the English of that age ;.s it had
never before been performed in any age by any
nation. The spirit of Erancis Bacon was abroad —
a spirit admirably compounded of aud;uity and
sobriety. There was a strong persuasion that
the whole world was fidl of secrets of high mo-
ment to the happiness of msm, and that man had,
by his ]\Iaker, been intrusted with the key which,
rig!'*ly used, would give access to them. There
was, at the same time, a conviction that in phys-
ics it was impossible to arrive at the knowledge
of general lawsexcei)t by the careful observation
of particular facts. — Macaulay's Eng., eh. 3,
p, 381.
3NOO. NAVIGATION undeTeloped. A.D.'i^).
So imperfect in those times was th(! art of navi-
gation, that orators have celebrated the daring
courage of the Romans, who ventured to set sail
with a si(U'-wind, and on a stormy day. — Giii-
itoN's Ito.MK, ch. l;}, p. 412.
3«0I. NAVY, A formidable. TorinnMr Ar-
iiiiidii. Queen Eli/abet li, who openly espoused
tlie eausi- of the Hollanders, had, by one of her
ailiinrals. Sir Francis Drake, taken and plun
dered some of the Sp. "ish settlements in Amer-
ica. To revenge tlit se injuries, Philip [If.] pre-
])ared for an invasion of the kingdom of Eng-
land, and ei|uipped the Invincibh! Armada, the
most formidable navid armament that liad ever
been raised by any single nation. This immense
armament consisted of 150 large ships of war.
manned by 2(),(M)0 soldiers and upward of 8()()()
seamen, besides: 2(KK) galley-slaves, and armed
with ;5()(K) jiiecps of cannon. To co-operat<^ with
this prodigious naval force, 30. 000 men v/ere to
be conveyed in transports from Flanders, and ii
general insurrection was expected of all the Cath-
olics in Britain to dejwse Elizabeth, and place
her cousin, Marv of Scotland, ujion the throne
of England.— tyri.Eu'a Hist., Book (i, eh. 2«,
p. :](i9.
3S0tf, I'^AVy, Needof. Peter the G rent. He
next turned his attention to the creation of a
navy. His father, in pursuance; of the same de-
sign, had ( au.sed one s'lli) to be built for him in
Holland ; Imt that one ship, the whole navy of
Russia, had been burnt, and in all the empire
ttierc were but two men capable of navigatin;'-
a shi) . "eter sought out these two men, one of
whom ].io\c(I to be a man of great ability ; and
him the (/.ar promoted to the post of chief con-
•<tnictor, AVorkmen were brought from Hol-
land ; a navy-yard was established ; and soon
the first vessel'wa.s launclied. — Cvri,ori:iMA oi'
Bir<;., p. 42!).
3&03. NECESSITY, Law of. Copl'iin John
Smith. Descending James River as far as Hamp-
ton Roads, he landed with his five companions,
went boldly among the natives, and iHgan to
offer them hatchet.^ and copper coins in exchange
for corn. The Indians only laughed at the pro-
posal, i..id then mocked the ha'f-starved foreign
ers by otVering to barter a piece of bread for
Smith's sword and musket. Finding that good
treatment was only thrown away, the Engli.sh
formed the ilesperat • resolution of fight ii\g. He
and his men tired a volley among the alfrighted
.savages, who ran yelling into the woods. Going
straight to their wigwams, he found an abiindant
store of corn, but forbid his men to take a grain
until the Indians should retm-n to attack them.
Sixty or seventy painted warriors, headed by a
priest whocarried an idol in his arms, soon cami;
out of the forest, and made a violent onset. The
English not oidy stood their ground, but made a.
rush, wounded several of the natives, and capt-
ured their idol. A l)arley now ensued ; the terri-
lied priest came and l.umbly begged for hi.> ':,•', ii
deity, but Smith stood grindy with his musket
across the i)ro.strate idol, and would grant no
terms until six unarmed Indians had loaded his
boat with corn. Then the image was given up,
beads and hatchets were liberally distributed
among the warriors, who ratified the peace by
performing a dance of friendship, while Snnlh
NECROMANCY— NEWSI'ArKHS.
440
II.
and lii8 iiieii rowed up the river with a bout-load
of BUppliuS. — ItlDl'ATU'B U. B., cli. 0, p. 98.
3S04. NECBOMANCY, Proof of. •'Familiar
Spirit." Dr. John Dvc, an a.Htroiogerand magi-
cian, who went on (.'asliiig nativitii-s and raising
spirits till the days of James I., had come into re-
put« in the mid(flc of the .sixteenth century ; and
lie got into trouble, according to his own account,
through being suspected of " endeavoring, by en-
chantments, to destroy Queen Mary." In .lime,
1.').').5, some persons were apprehended, " that did
<'alculate the king's and queen's and "uy lady
Elizabeth's nativity ; whereof one Dee aiMi Davy
are accused, that they shoidd have a j'amiliar
spirit." The fanuliar si)irit was i)clieved in, be-
cau.so ou(; of their accusers had " immediately
upon the accusatit)n both his children stricken,
the one with i)resent death ami the other with
blindness. "—Kniout's Enc;., vol. iJ, ch. 7, p. !.>7.
3S0A. NEGEO, Blood of the. B"Mt(>/i 'Sramtrri'.
[British .soldiers provoked a([Uiirnlin the streets
of Boston, imd were despised and insulted iiy the
mob. J Thnic persons were killed, iimoiig tlicm
Altu('ks, the midatlo. . . . who at the tim(; was
((uietly leaning on ii long stick. . . . Eight were
wounded, two of them mortally. <>f all the
eleven, not mon than one had had any share
in th(i disturbance. ^B.XNCKOKr'H I. H., V(jl. (i,
ch. 4;i.
3§06. NEGROES in 'War. {mrn'ran CohnuVM.
[In Parliament, a i>. 177."), Lyttelloii, formerly
Oovernor of SotUh Carolina, favored coercion,
and] explained the inherent weakness of the
So\ithern colonies, and with obvious salisfuction
intimated that "if a few regiments were sent
there, the negroes would imbrm; tbeir hands in
Iheir masters' blood." — B.vncuoft's U.S., vol. b>,
<h. 51.
380r . KESVOUSNESS evinced. Sc m >id J»h n -
*o?i. Such wah the beat and irritability of bis
blood, that not only did he jtare bis nails to the
(juick, but scraped the joints of his fingers with
a i)enknife, till they .seemed (jnite red and raw.
— BoHWEi.i.'s Johnson, p. 4H!i.
380S. NEUTEALITY enforced. J^Vnirh Jiii-
olutidii. [When LouisXVI. was caitlured by the
revolutionists and returned to Paris, jilacards
were posted announcing.] Whoever shall ap-
l)laud the king shall be Hogged ; wboexcr sbidl
insult him shall b(^ hanged. — Kni(;ht's Eno.,
vol. 7, ch. 10, p. ~'0:}.
3M09. IIEUTRALITY, Nominal. Ahilmma.
.Most deslruc^live of iill the (Jonfedenile vessels
was the famous Alabama, built at Liveri)ool.
Her commander was Captain Kapbiiel Senunes,
the same who bad cruised iu the Sumter. A
majority of tb(^ crew of the Alabama were Brit-
ish subjects ; her armament waseiuirely British;
and whenever occiisiou recjuired the British Hag
was carried. In her whole ciireer, involving the
<lestructiou of .si.\tv-six vessels an<l a loss of
$1().(MK),(M»0, to the merchant service of the
United States, rIk? never entered a Confedi'iate
port, but contiiriied abroad, capturing and burn-
ing. Early in the sununer of 18U4 Semmes en-
tered the harbor of (;herbourg, France, and was
there discovered by Captain Winslow, command-
er of the .stoiimer Kear.sarge. The French
<}overnment gave the Confederate captain orders
.lole4»\e the port, and on the l!)th of June he
went out to give Ids antagonist battle. 8evon
miles from the shore the two Hhips closed for the
death-struggle ; and uft^-r a desperate battle of
un liour's duration the Alabama was shuttered
and sunk. Henimes and a part of his officers and
crew were i)icked up by tlus English yacht
Deerhoimd and carried to Southampton. — liin-
I'.vtu'b U. S., ch. ««, p. on;}.
3810. NEWS, Fatal. />/•. Valentine Mott.
The barber of Dr. .Mott at once began to speak
of the awful news of that n\orning. The doctor,
who had beard nothing of it, was overwhelmetl
with the intelligence. He turiu'd as pale as
death. Uising from his chair, hestuggered to an
adjoining room in search of his wife. "My
dear," said he, " 1 have received such a shock ;
I'resid(;nt Lincoln has been murdered," Having
uttered these words, hi; .sat down, .-itill deadly
l)ale, and so feeble that hi; coidd scarcely keep
ids .seat. He was soon .seized with acute jjains
in the back, and apjieared t,) be overtaken, all
at once, with the wciikness usually attached to
fi)ursc()re. Fr< in that time; he contimied h>
grow feel)l('r every hour, and after lingering
ten days brcallicd Ids last — a \ictim()f the same
lilow that r(il)b((l tlie n.ilion ()f its chief. — Cv-
( 1,(J1'E1)1.V OK BlO(i., p. Wl't.
3SI1. NEWS, -Writer of. Ihrinnin KA^Aim.
His liraiu, which was his eslale, had as regular
and (litYereiil jiroducts as other men's land.
From the liegiiudng of November \mtil the open-
ing of the campaign he writ pami)hlets and let-
ters !o meuUjers of Piirliament or friends in
the coiuUr}'. But .sometimes he woidd relieve;
his ordinar}- rciiders with a nuirder, and lived
com fort a My for a week or two upon strange and
lamentable accidents. A litth; before the arndes
took the tield his way was to open your attention
with a prodigy ; an<l a monster well writ wa.s
two guineas at the lowest price. This prepared
his readers for the great and bloody news from
Flaiuiers in J um' and Julj-. — Kniuiit's E>o.,
ch. 26, p. 4(';3.
3812. NEWSPAPERS, Colonial. American.
In 1740 th(! numbi r of newspapers in the Eng-
lish colonies on the Continent had increased to
eleven, . . . one in South Carolina, one in Vir-
ginia, three; in Peimsylvania, . . . one iu New
York, and the remaining five in Boston. The
sheet at lirst used was but of lh(! foolscap size ;
and but one, or <'ven half of one, was issued
weekly. Tlu; pujicrs sought su|)|)ort rather by
modestly telling the news of the day than by
engaging in coidlicts ; they bad no political the-
ories toeid'orce, no ri'volutions in faith to hasten.
— B.\Nci{oi'";'s U. S., vol. 8, ch. 2;5.
3813. NEWSPAPERS deprecated. Ih/ Additton.
[.Vt theopeniiijr of the eighteenth cenluryj news-
papers nndtii)lied. But even Addi.son could not;
see that they wi-rc ciipable of becoming great in-
stnunents of pulilic; good. He says the peophr
are made poli:i( ians l,y the publication of State
matters I)y the oress ; and adds, "One cannot
bid, be sorry that such a pernicious machine is
erected ainoiu,'' IhciU. " — IvNUiUTS IvNO., vol. 5,
ch. 4, p. 01.
381-1. NEWSPAPERS, Primitive. neir/n of
Ciiarldt IT. At the clo.se of Lis reign no new<-
])aper w.'is suffered to api)ear without his allow-
ance, and his allowance was given exclusivelv
~ .1
450
NEWSPAPERS— NON-RESISTANCE.
to tlie London GmelU. Tlio London QazetUt
came out only on Mondays mid ThurMduys. The
contents genemlly were 11 royal jiroclamation, two
or thre(! Tory addresses, notices of two or three
promotions, an account of a skirnwsh between
the imperial troops and the Janissaries on th((
Danube, a descri])tion of a hiciiwayman, an an-
nouneenieiit of a errand C()ck.-ti<;hl between two
])ersons of honor, and an advertisement otferini,'
u reward for a strayed doy. 'I'lie whoh^ made
up two paj^es of moderate size. . . . Tlie most
important parliamentary debates, tlie most im-
jiorlant State trials recorded in ourliisiory, wen'
])assed over in ])rof(;'nd silence. — .M.vcai i,.\v's
Emi., ch. 'A, p. ,'Xi'l.
3S15. NEWSPAPERS, directed by. Tlir T.it-
J( r. VX'uv ])ros])e( tus of tli(^ TkUi i\ which aj)-
peared on the Vl\\\ of April, ITOlt, "professed
to teach 'politic jiei-soiis what to think.'"] —
Knioiit's En(i., vol. ,"), ch. 20.
3§10. NIGHT, Activity at. llannn the Cuihu-
(finian. [Voyatfc of African discovery. ] lie ob-
served from his tlcet, that in th(! daytime there
was nothinjjT to be seen upon the land, but all was
stillness and silence ; but in the night he heard
the sound of various nnisical instnunents, and
saw a g'reat number of tires lighted alon;; the
coast ; and we know that such is the apjiearance
e' a great part of the western coast of Africa at
.his day, that the .savages in the daytime retire
into the woods to avoid the heat of the sun ; that
they light great tires in the night to disperse the
beasts of jircy ; and that they are extremely fond
of nmsic .-md dancini^. — Tvti.ku's Hist. , IJook ;5,
ch. 8, p. 3."")!).
3S 17. NIGHT, Desire for. Willuiiiton. [At the
l)attle of AVaterloo his army was beginning to
give wav. I As he saw his lines melting away hi,
repeatedly looked at his watch, and tlien fixed
his gaze on the distant hills ; and jis he wijied the
perspiration which mental anguish had extorted
from his brow, he exclaimed, " Would to heav-
en that Bluch":' ;;; night would come 1" — Au-
ijott's Nai'oi.kon 15., vol. 2, ch. 27.
3§l§. NOBILITY of Appearance. Xumitor.
[Romuh'.s was taken prisoner in battle.] When
the youth was conducted to his house, Nundtor
wiis greatly struck with his api)earance, as ho
was very remarkal)le for size and strength ; he
observed, too, his jircsence of mind and the
steadiness of Ids looks, which had nothing .ser-
vile in them, nor were altered with th(^ .sense of
his present danger ; and h(! was informed that
his actions and whole behavior were suitable to
what he saw. — Pi.'taiu'u's Komllus.
3§l». NOBILITY n.mored. Co/ifi.mou. Pom-
pey had resolved ti; cl.a.stise the Ilimereans for
sittempting to supjjori .lis enemies, when the or-
ator Sthennis told him
would act uniuo'.'.v
if lie pas.sed by the jxTscn that was guilty, and
punished the innocent. Poiajiey asked him who
wa.s the giulty person, and he aii.swercd, " I am
the man. I persuaded my friends, and compelled
my enemies, to take the measures they did.'
Pomfiey. delighted with his frank confession and
noble spirit, forgave him first, and afterward all
the people of llimera. — Plutauch's Po.mi'KY.
3§2C. NOBILITY, Patriotic, ."^ylhi. Sylla . . .
came to Prreneste, where at tirst he tried the in-
habitants, and had them executed singly. lUit
afterward, finding he had not leisure for such for-
malities, lie collected then» to the number of
twelve thousand, and ordered them to be put to
death, excepting only one who had formerly en-
tertained him at his hou.se. This man with n
noble spirit told him hv would never owe his lifo
to the destroyer of his country ; luid voluntarily
mixing with the crowd, he die(i with his fellow-
citizens. — Pl.tTAKCIl's Svi.i.A.
;|W2I. NOBILITY recognized. /"'//.-< /A'. [Lo\i-
is IX. was ca|>lui'ed by the Sari-.cei;s. J He dis-
])layed in his adversity an unshaken firmness,
digiuty, and magnanimity, Avhich extorted the
iidmiration even of his .savage captors. The .Sar-
acen sultan soon showed himself dispose<l to treat
for the king's liberation, and demanded as his
ransom the restitution of Damietta, and the pay-
ment of 1,(100, 000 bezants of gold. These term.s
were accepted without hesitation by Louis ; anil
his noble character mad(! such an impression
ui)oii the sultan, that he voluntarily remitted 200,-
000 bezants of the stijiulated suii.' — .^Ti UE.NTs'
FnA.Nci;, ch. it, ^ 4.
3§a2. NON-RESISTANCE, Christian, rrimi-
tiir. Faithful to th(( ihictrine of tiie apostle,
who in the reign of Nero had jireached the duty
of uncf)nditi()nal submission, the Christians of
the three tirst centuries preserved their conscit'iico
))ure and innocent of tlie gtiilt of secret conspir-
acy or open rebellion. While they experienw d
the rigor of iier.seculion, they were never i)ro-
voked either to meet their tynmts in the f.eld, or
indignantly to withdraw them.selves into some
remote and se((iu'.'<tered corner of the globe. —
Gihhon's Home, ch. 20, j). 25r).
3S23. NON RESISTANCE, Evasion of. t^nm-
mi JohiiKDii. Johnson : " I do not see. sir, that
fighting is ab.solutely forbidden in Scripture; 1
see revenge forbidden, but not self-defence."
Boswiu.i, : "The Quakers say it is — ' Unto him
that .smiteth thee on one cheek, oiler liim also
the other.' " Johnson : " Hut stay, sir ; the text
is meant only to have the effect of moderating
l)assion ; it is plain that we are not to take it in
a literal sense. We see this from the context,
where there are other recommendations, which
1 warrant you the Quaker will not take literally ;
as, for instance, ' From him that wcMiId borrow
of thee, turn thou not away.' t,et a man whoso
credit is bad come to a (Quaker, .ind .say, ' Well,
sir, lend me .tlOO ;' he'll tind him asunwillingas
any other man. No, sir ; a man may shoot tha
man who invades his character, as he may shoot
him who attempts to break into his house." —
HoswEi.i.'s Johnson, p. 49.').
SSa.l. NON-RESISTANCE taught. Rrlrin of
JitiiKH jr. Tin; cradle of the heir api)arent of
the crown was surrounded by Jesuits. Deadly
hiitred of that church of which \w would one
day b( the head would be studiously in.stilled
into hii infant mind, would be the guiding priu-
cil)le oi his life, and would be bequeathed liy him
to his posterity. This vista of calamities had no
end. It stretched beyond the life of the young-
est man li^'ing, beyond t' c • Mrl-.tfenth century.
. . . The greatest Angiv..;) (;<>(. ,■ '" that ago
had maintained tl.iii i. ixe, eh cf S . ■' or con-
tracl. no excess oi" L.ue'. . !ai)niii,. ci licen-
tiousne.ss, on ''tc part "'' ■' ii,d''f"v i.^; u ould
justify his jioji'e in witi,-';'''iiig r: u_, .orce.
""■■'''t'WS'!
NONSENSE-NUMBERS.
451
Some of them had dclij^litod to exhibit the doc-
trine of non-resistance in a form so exaijgc alcd
as to shock common-sense and Ininmnily. Tliey
frequently and emphatically remarked tl'.it Ne-
ro was at tlu; head of the Roman Gov( niment
when Saint Pawl inculcated the duly of ol/i'ln/.?
maj!;istrat(!H. Tlu! inferentie which they drew
was that, if an Eni^lislj king should, without any
law hut his own ])lcasure, pcrsetiute his subjects
for not worshipping idols, should lling themto th(!
lions in the Tower, should wraj) them up in
]iiteh(.'d cloth and set them on t\\v. to ligl.. xip
Saint James' Park, and should go on with thesi-
massacres till whoh^ towns and shires were left
without one inhabitant, the survivors would still
be bound meekly to submit, an<l to Ik- torn in
jncees or roasted alive without a struggle. — ,Ma-
caulay's EN(i., ch. 9, p. ;Jtt4.
:IS35. KONSENSE against Nonsense. Sum-
■>n;1 Johiixon. Mrs. Tbrale disputed with him on
the merit of Prior. Ho attacked him powerful-
ly ; said lie wrote of love like a man who had
never felt it ; his love-verses were college verses.
. . . Mrs. Tbrale stood to lier gun with great
courage, in defence of amorous ditties, wliicli
Johnson despised, till he at last silenced her by
saying, " Aly dear ladj', talk no more of tils.
N()n.seiise can be defended butbyiioiiseii.se." —
Boswell's Johnson, p. 1G2.
3836. NOVELS, Contempt for. Xapa'fo)!, T.
His contempt for works of liction — the wtiole
cla.ss of novels and romances — amounted almost
to indignation, lie never could endure to see
one reading such a book. . . . Once, when eni-
jieror, in passing through the .saloons of his pal-
ai^e, he found one of tlie maids of honor with a
novel ill her liands. He took it from her, gave
lier a severe lecture for wasting her time in such
frivolous reading, and cast the volume into the
flames. \V hen he had a few moments for diver-
sion, lie not unfrequently employed them in look-
ing over a book of logarithms, in Avhi? li lie al-
ways found recreation. — AnitoTT^s Nai'oi.eox
B.,'vol. 1, ch. 10.
3§27. NOVELS, Reading of. Excitement.
[The Windsor blacksmith] got hold of Richard-
.son's novel of " Pamela ; or Virtue Rewarded,"
and used to read it aloud in the long summer
evenings, seated on his anvil, and never failed to
liave a large and attentive audience. When the
happy turn of fortune arrived which brings the
hero and heroine together, and sets them livinji-
long and happily accordnur to the most approved
rules, the congregation were so delighted as to
raise a great shout, and procuring tlu; church
keys, actually set the parish bells ringing. —
Kmoiit's Eng., vol. 7, ch. 5, p. 88.
382§. NUISANCE, Perpetuated. Jiei'jii of
ChdHes II. Saint James' 8(juare was a recep-
tacle for all tlu! olfal and cinders, for all the
dead cats and dead dogs of Westminster. At
one time a cudgc^l-player kept the ring there.
At another time an impudent squatter settled
liimself there, and built a shed for rulibi.sh un-
der the windows of the gilded saloons in which
the first magnates of the realm — Norfolks, Or-
monds, Kenls, and Pembrokes — gave banquets
and balls. It was not till these nuisances had
lasted through a whole generation, and till much
had been written about them, that the iuhabi-
tniits applied to Parliament for permission to
put up rails and to plant trees. — Macai.i.ay'b
Eno., ch. 3, p 'i\\\.
3»3». NUMBER, Small. liidieuUil. [When
T;ucullus, with a small army, encamped before!
the army of Tigranes, he) made use of that celo
brat.'d exiiression, that if they came as ambas-
sadors there were too many of them ; if as sol-
diers, too few. — Pia;taii(ii's Liicm.rs.
3M30. NUMBERS, Disparity of. Crtez. Ve-
1ms((uc/., the Si)anish (Jovenior of Culia, jealous
of the fame of Oorlez, had desputclicd a f()r<e to
Mexico to arrest his jirfjgress and to supci'^icdo
him in command. The expedition was led by
Paiilil > dc Xarvacz, the same who wa-i after-
ward (lovernor of Florida. His forces ((insisted
of more than l'.2(K) well-armed and well-di.scip-
iined soldiers, besides lOOlt Indian servants and
guides. But the vigilant C'ortez had mean-
while been informed by messengers from Vera
Cruz of the movement which his enemies at
home had set on foot against him, and he deter-
mined to sell his command only at the price of
his own life and the lives of all his followers.
He therefore instructed Alvarado, one of his
subonlimile ollicei's, to remain in the capital with
a small force of 140 men ; and wilii the re-
mainder, nuniliering less than '.iOO, he hastily
withdrew from the city, and jirocecded by "a
forced march to encounter l)e Narvaez on the
sea-coast. On the night of the '.iOth of May,
1530, while the soldiers of the latter were quietly
asleep in their camp near Vera Cruz, Cortez
lairst upon them with the fury of despair, and
before they could rally or well understand the
terrible onset, comjielled the whole force to sur-
render. Then, adding the general's skill to the
warrior's i^rowess, he succeeded in inducing the
eoiKiuereii army to join his own standard ; and
with his forces thus augmented to six times
their oriirinal numbers, he began a second time
hismarch toward the capital. — Riopvth's U. S.,
ch. 4, p. CO.
3131. NUMBERS, Disparity in. Sohlien. Fol-
lowed, as it is said, by 2,000,000 men, Xerxes,
the descendant of Cyrus, invaded Greece. Thirty
thousand xMiers, under the i onimand of Alex-
ander, the .son of Philip, who was intrusted by
the Greeks with their glory and revenge, were
sutlicient ti> subline Persia. — Gihuon's Rome,
ch. 8, p. 2-21.
ati'Vi. . MiuriitiiiH — C'lDifitdiitine.
At the head of about 40,000 .soldiers, he marched
to encounter an enemy whose numbers were at
least four times superior to his own. But the
armies of Rome, placed at a. secure distance from
danger, were enervated by indulgence and lux-
ury. Habituateil to the baths and theatres of
Rome, they took the field with reluctance, and
were chiefiy composed of veterans who had al-
most forgotten, or of new lev((es who had never
ac<iuireii. the use of arms and the practice of
war. The hardy legions of Gaul had long de-
fended the frontiers of the emjiire against the
barbarians of the North ; and in the perform-
ance of that laborious service their valor was
exercised and their disc 'oline confirmed. There
appeared the same ditfeieuce between the lead-
ers a.'i between the armies.— Gibbon's Rome,
ch. 14, p. 475.
J! '.
462
NUMBERS— OATH.
tm
I i
3833. miMBERS an Obitoole. ArUhrerxe^
AMemMif. To HupprcsH tlic idoIiitcrM, reunite the
HcliismaticH, luid coiifiitcf the iiiihelievers, by the
iiifullilile decision of ii ^enentl council, the ])l()us
Artiixcrxc.. Hiininiuncd the Ma^i from all part^
«)f his dominions. These priests, who had so
long sighed in contenij)t and obscurity, obeyed
the welcome summons, and oti tlut api)ointed
day appeared, to tlus nundx-r of al)oul 80, 000.
Hut as lh(! debates of so tumultuous an as.sendily
<'ould not hav(! t)een directed by the authority
of rea.son or iidlwenccd by the art of policy,
the P(U'sian synod was reduced, bv succes-
sive operations, to 40,(K)0 to 4000, to 400, to 40,
and at last to sciveii Magi, the most respr(le(i
for their Icariuiig and j)ielv. — Giiiijon's Ito.Mi;,
<h. 8, p. 2M.
3§3<l. NTTMBERS without Vict jry. Af/inromi.
[At the l)attl(! of Agincourt there were probiiMy
ten times as many French as English. The men-
at-arms of the former] wore heavy coats of steel
reaching to their knees, and heav\' leg armor.
. . . 'V\w English archers, without armor, in
jackets and loost; hose, some eve n barefoot, went
boldly on to meet the mailed cldvaby. . . . The
«'normous luunbersof the French were the chief
cause of tiicir destruction. . . . The rear divi-
sions, after tiie overthrow of the first and .sec-
ond (lis isions, took to tiight. In three hours this
terrible li^dit was over. . . . The Ei\glish loss was
1600. . . . Of the chivalry of Fratici .hetlower
1)erislied. . . . plight thou.sand gcnlic uen of
•Vance i)erished in that field of carnage, of whom
120 were nol)les bearing baimcrs. [Se(' Xo.4TI J
— IvNKiUT's Enc, vol. 2, ch. 4, ]). (iii.
3§35. OATH of Allegiance. T" Mahmnct. Siv-
cnly-three men and two women of Medina laid
iv.solenui conference with JIabomet, ins kinsman,
and bis discijjles, and pledged themselves to
each other by a mutual oath Of fidelity. They
pronused, in the name of the city, that if he
should be banished, they would receive him as a
confedeiate, obey bim as a leader, and defend
liim to the last exti'ctnity, like their wives and
children. " Hut if you are recalled by your coun-
try," tliey asked, with a flatleringanxi'ety, " will
you not abandon your new allies V" " AUlinngs,"
replied .Mahomet, with a sndie, "an^ now com-
mon between us ; your blood is as my blood, your
ruin as my iiiin. We are bound to each oilier
by the tics of honor and interest. I am your
friend and the eiieinv of Aotir fois." " Hiil if
We are killed in your .service, what," exclaimed
the deputies of ^Medina, "will be our reward ''."
" I'/nnlin)," re|)lied the prophet. " Stretch fortli
thy hand." He stretched it forth, and they reit- |
/•rated the oath of allegiance and lidelity.— (iin-
poN's lloMK, cb. 50, p. 126.
3N30. OATH, A constrained. Snxoii Kiiin llnr
eld II. [S(!e No. I5.S40. | A messenger from Nor-
Tiiandy soon arrived to remind llai-old of the oath
which be Inid sworn to the duke [of ISormandyJ
" with bis mouth, and his hand upon good and
lioly relics." " It is true," replied the Saxon king,
■ that I took an oath to William ; but I took it
under constraint. I promised what did not belong
t<) me — what I could not in any way bold ; my
royalty is not my own ; I could not lay it down
against the will of Ibe country, uor can 1, against
th(! will of the country, take a foreign wife. As
ioT my sister, wIkmii the duke ( lainis that be may
marry lier fo one of his chiefs, she has died with-
in the year ; would he have me send lier corpse V"
— Decisivk Hatti-i ^ 186.
31137. OATH eva l. liomans. [Having boon
jiromised relief fn their oppression.^, they
fought for their rulei.s it the prondsc was bro-
ken. J The people, tlms rei)eat<'dly and Hhamcful-
Iv deceived, were determined to be no longer the
(iiipes of promises. The Senate, appreheiiHive of
their spirit, had ordered the consuls not to dis-
band them, but to lead them without the walLs,
on pretence! that the enemy were still in thcflcld.
The soldiers, at the time of their cnrolnuiiit, took
an oath not to desert their standards till they were
formally disbanded ; but this oath they eluded by
taking their standards along with them. — Tvr-
i.i:k's Hist., Hook !5, ch. 3, p. 315.
3«3«. OATH of Fidelity. Soldier h. [Tlie Ro-
man soldier. | On his first eiitraiUH' into the service
an oath was administered to him with every cir-
cumstance of .solemnity. lie pronii.sed never to
desert his standard, to submit bis own will t« the
commands of his leaders, and to sacrifice his life
for tin safelj .of the emperor and the empire.
The i'ltacluiieiit of the Roman troo[)H to their
staiidai'Is was inspired bv the united influenceof
religion and of honor. The golden eagle, which
glittered in the front of the legion, was the object
of tlieir fondest devotion ; nor was it «'sleenied
I ssimiiions than it was ignominious to ubaiaioii
iliat sacred ensign in the hour of dai'ger. — (jin-
hon's Ivo.MK, ch. 1, J). 12.
3139. OATH, A horrible. CoDnpirat^trn. [A
coiispirai y was formed to murder the Roman
consuls. I The youths thus engaged were brought
to confer with the Aquilii, and all agreed to take
a great and horrible oath, by drinkinir together
of the l)lood and bi.sting the entrails of a man
sacrifice il for that purpo.se. This ceremony was
]H'rforiiH'(l in the house of the Aquilii ; and the
room chosen for it Cas it was natural to sup|H)se)
was dark and retired. — Pll'takch's Puhmcola.
38 JO. OATH, A sacred. Harold If. [Saxon
king of England.] William [of Normandy] ex-
acted more. He had caused all the liones and
relics of saints that were preserved in the Nor-
man monasteries and c I irches to be collw:tcd
i.'to a chest, which was placed in the council-
room, covered over with a cloth of gold. On tln^
chest of relics, which were thus concealed, was
laid a missal. The duke then .solemnly addressed
his titular guest and real ca|)live, and said to him,
" Harold, I reipiire tln^e. before this noble assem-
bly, to confirm liy oath the promises which thou
bast made me, to assist me inobtaining the crown
of England after KingEdwanTs death, to marry
my daughter Adela, and to send me thy sisti'r,
that I may give her in marriage to one of my
barons." Ilan.>^ld. once more taken by surprise,
and notiible to deny his former words, approach-
ed the missal, iind laid his hand on it, not know
inglliatlhechest of relic-s wa.s beneath. . . . When
Harold rose from his knees tin? duke made him
stand clo.se to the chest, and took off the ])all that
had covered it, and showed Harold upon what
holy relics be liad sworn ; and Harold was .sorely
alarmed at the sight. [See No. 3830.J— Ueci-
sivK Hatti.ks, t; 284.
3841. OATH, A test. Jliuniof Chnrlfgir. The
terrors of popery were now re\ ivcd, and the loud-
OATIIS-OUKDIKNCE.
453
psl complaints rrsoiindod from all ((uartcrH of flio
kingdom. A bill wivs hrouKli'- Into I'arlianiciit
for imposing a toHt oath on all wIiohIkhiM enjoy
any piib]i(M)l!lc(!. They wcru oblii^cd to take tlic;
sacrament in th(! cstaMlshcd chiirdi, and to al)-
jiiro till' (ioctrinc of transulistanlialion ; and. in
(•on.sc(|ii('ncc of liiis new law, to wliicli the kinij
wiuH obliged to giv(! his consent, his iirotlier
Janice, l)uk(! of York, lost his ollice of liigli ad-
miral. — Tyti-ku'h lIiHT., Hook (J, eh. JK), p. 421.
!l8'ltl. OATHS, Strange estimate of. JorinH. Ity
his advice and example [the I'ra'torian prefect)
the principal otilcersof tii»^ State and army wen;
obliged to swear that, williout listening, in aiii/
cir(!umatancca, to iini/ conditions of peace, tliey
would still persevere in perpetual and implacable!
war against the enemv of the repul)lic. This ru.^ii
engag(!mcnt oi)pose(i an insuperabhi bar to all
future negotiation. The ministers of llonorius
were heard to declare that if they had only in-
voked the name of the Deity, they would consult
the public safcity, and trust their houIs to the
mer(;y of Heaven ; but they had .sworn by th(!
sacred hcnil of the emperor hiniself ; they had
touched, in solemn ceremony, that august seat of
majesty and wisdom ; and the violation of tlieir
oath would expose them to the temporal penalties
of sacrilege and rebellion. — Gijjhon's Ko.mk,
ch. 31, p. 37(5.
384;i. OBEDIENCE, Absolute. <\inii<ithiiinit.
In a daring iru'oad beyond the Tigris, Abu Taher
advanced to the gates of th(i capital with no more
than .")()() horse. Hy the spiudal order of Mocta-
der, the bridges had been broken down, anil the
person or head of the rebel was expected every
liour by the commander of the faithful. His lieu-
tenant, from a motive of fear or l^ity, apjirised
Abu Taher of las danger, and recommended a
speedy escai)e. " Yo\ir master," said the intre-
pid Carmathian to the mes.senger, "is at the
iiead of 30,000 soldic'rs ; three such mi'ii as these
are wanting in his host ;" at the same instant,
turning to three of his(H)nipanions, he command-
ed the first to plunge adaggerinto hisbrcist, the;
.second to leap into the Tigris, and the third to
<'a.st himself headlong down a ])reci[)ic(^ They
"lieyed without a murmur. " Relate," continued
ilicmiam, " what you have.sef^u ; before the even-
ing your generid shall be chained among my
dogs." Heforc the evening the camp were sur-
prised, and the menace; was execuled. [The
("armathians were a fanatical tribe of Arub^.J —
Giihjon's KoNfE, ch. r)3, p. Jl'Jt.
38'I4. OBEDIENCE, Angry. Ill, irk Priiire.
Accordingly, in .lanuary, i;U)!), [Cliarles V.J ad-
dressed a formal summons to [H^dward the-
"Black Prince," and) the hero of Poitiers and
Navarrete, citing him to appear b(>fore him in
the court of peicrs, and answer the complaints and
accu.sixtions of his Gascon va.s8als. " We will not
fail," replied Edward, " to obey the order of the
King of France ; we will proceed to Paris, but it
shall be with ba.ssinet on our head ; and 60,0(K)
men to bear us company." — Students' Fu.vn'CE,
ch. 10, ^ 16.
3§45. OBEDIENCE, Hlnlsterial. }fa?imn€t.
[Mahomet was at one time almost imi vernal ly
reprobated.] He preached all day when every
man, woman, and child flouttMlhim as an impos-
tor. One day he returncid home silent, pro.strat-
ed, discouraged, wrapped his head in his cloak,
lay down upon a mat, and fell asleep. Inspira-
tion, still more obstinate than the i)opular iiulif-
ference, revisited him during his slumber. Ho
heard a voice crying from his heart to him, " (>
thou who envelopest thyself in thy manllc! to
sleep, arise, and go preach." \U' arose with tlio
day, and went out to i)reacli as if he had the day
before made a harvest of converts. — Lam.vu-
TiNE'rt Tiiuki;y, p. «0.
3§.|6. . Xiilluia IhiD'/H. [VVheu
Rev. Nathan Hangs, D.D.,] wasa young preach-
er, he became despondent because' of the; nunu'r-
ous ditllculties he experienced and the absenco
of d(!sired success, and resolved to abandon tlio
ministry. A signitlcaiit dream relieved him.
He thought he wa.s woiking with a pickaxe on
the lop of a ba.salti(! rock. His nuisciilar arm
brought down stroke after stroke; for he)urs,
but the; roeik wius hardly ineU'nte'el. He-saiel te>him-
se'lf atlast, " It is u.sele-ss ; I will i)ie'k ne) more."
Suelelenly a strangeT of dignitie'd mie'u ste)e)el by
his side' and spe)ke te) him. " Ye)U will pick no
more V" "No me)re'." " Were ye)U ne)t se't to this
task?" "Y'e-s." "Anel why abanele)n it V" "My
we)rk is vain ; I make; ne) impression on the)
re)ck." Solemnly the stranger replie'el, " What
is that te) yeiu ? Ye)ur duty is to pie'l:, whether
the reie'k yielels or ne)t. Ve)ur we)rk is in yo\ir
e)wn hanels ; the re'sult is neit. \\'e)rk em 1" He»
re'sumed his task. The; lirst, ble)W was give-n with
almejst supe'rhuman feire'e', anel the; re)ek lle-w inte>
a the)u.sanel jiie'ces. He awe)ke!, pursue-il his way
baek with fresh ze-al ami cneTgj', anel a gre'at re'-
vival folle)weel. Frean that elay he' ne've*i' hael
e've'ii a " teMn]itatie)n" te> give >ip his e'emuni.ssiou.
— Stkvkns' M. E. Chi.hck, vol. 3, p. 4H.').
;I8'I7. OBEDIENCE, Monkish. Km/pliat). The
ae'lions eif a monk, his weirels, anel e've-n lii.s
the)ughts, we're' de'termiueel by an intle'xil)le' rule,
eir a e'a])i-ieie)us supe'rior ; tlie: slighte'st eilTence'S
weTc e'orre'Cti'el by elisgrace e)r cetntine'me'Ut, ex-
trae)relinary fasts, or ljle)ejely flage'llation ; anel
eli.se)l)e'die;tice, jnurnuir, e)r di'lay we're- ranke'el in
the catale)gue' of the most he'ine)us sins. A l)linel
submission te) the; ee)intiianels of the abbeit, he)W-
cve'r absurel, e)r e-ve'ii eriminal, tlu'y might .se-em,
was the ruling prineiple', the; first virtue' e)f the
Egyptian monks; anel tlie'ir ])»tience was fre-
epiently exe're'iseel by tljc me)sf e'xtravagant trials.
The'y we're elirecteel to re'move ane'neirmoiis roe;k;
assiel\ie)usly \o water a barre'u .steiff that wa.s
plantcel in the; gre)und, till, at tlie' e'uel oi threu
years, it she)ul(l ve'getate'aiulblejsseau like' i-i tree ;
te) walk inte) a liery furnae'e', e)r to cast their in-
fant into a ele'e'p peinel ; anel se'veral saints, e)r
madmen, have licen itnme)rtali/.e'el in me)nastic
story by tin'ir tlie)Uglitle'ss nnet fe'arle'ss obedi-
enee'. — GfunoN's Rd.vii;, eli 37. p. ij'i\).
3848. OBEDIENCE, Outward. iMynHi/. [In
IGOl .Janu'S II. was urgcel by llie le>yul High-
lanelcrs whe) had coiitiiuieel inarms fe)r him after
the accession e)f William e)f Orange lo.seiiel them
re;enforcements. His Majesty re'plieel that] hi.s
abilities to assist were exhausteel by the' pressing
nee;e.ssitie;s e)f Ireland. If the'y coulel slanei out
no longe'r he recexumeneletl "an outwarel com-
pliance." — KNKiiir's ENei., vol. .I, ch. 9, p. 132.
3849. OBEDIENCE, Perfect. Ahoubeker. Abou-
beker. the sucex'ssor of Mahomet, befe)re pursu-
ing along to Lebanon and the sea his missie)n
anel his conejuest, wrote to Amrou, one of the;
f
454
OHSCURITY— ()( ( UPATION.
most HiihmiHslvc of IiiMdiHciplcH ; he ordered him
to levy H nuinlxT of warriorM imioiij^ tlie trilx's,
and to coiidiict them to DamiiNciis, to swell tlie
torrent, of Ishimism. Anirou, who governed in
Iieaee Imm .slicplieni trihen, received tills order
^vltll pain ; liiil iie did not liesitatc! to oliey. " I
am," said lie, In Ids answer lo the caliph, "one
of tlie arrnwH of Islaniisni ; (Jod has placed the
how In thy liand ; it Is for tliee to launch the
arrow to what destination tliou inayesl choose."
— L/VMAiniNKH Ti'uki;y, p. lO.").
3»»0. 0B8CUEITY deiired. Napohon. [When
Louisiana was ceded to the; I'liilcd Slates hy
France,) tlu; upriijhl and coiiHcientlous Marhois
. . . Was especially anxious . . , that no ani-
hijTUous clauses should hv. Introduced into the
treaty. lie eoniiuunieated Ids troubles on this
point to the First Coiisid, advisin;; him that it
Heenied inii)oMsil)U! to construct the treaty .so as to
free It from obscurity on Ww important matter
of lioundaries. Far from exhihiting any sym-
pathy with Ills faitliful ndiuster's solicitude on
this point. iJonaparte (piietly informed liim that
" if an obscurity did not already exist, it would
perhaps be good policy to put one in the treaty.
. . . The acipiisition of Hpanisli Ameri''a may
have been expected, or at least dreamed of by
lllm. — 1}I-.\INK'H TWKNTi' Ykah8 ok ('o.nohksm,
p. 10.
3S5I. 0B8EEVATI0N, Acute. [ih„'h:wtith.
rCharles II. was .seeking to escape to France.)
rills secret, so l</ng and miraculously kept, was
only in danger of being betrayed at ihe moment
■when the young king, still disguised, was flying
toward t he coast to place the seas between Ids head
and the sword of C'romwell. His horse liaving
loosened ^i shoe, a farrier to whom he applied to
fasten it, with theciuick infelligenee of his trade,
examined the Iron, and said, in a low and .sus-
picious tone, " TIie.se shi»(s were never forged in
tliis coiuitry, but in the north of England.'
But the smith proved as di.screet and faithful as
the servant. Charles, remounting his horsi;
without discovery, galloped toward the beach,
where a .skiff was waiting for him. The Conti-
nent a. second time protected lilin from the pursuit
of Cromwell. — Lamaktink's Cuo.mwki.l, p. 54.
3§5I«. OBSTINACY, Depraved. Appetite. [Car
dinal Wolsey .said of Henry \'\\\. wlien on his
(leatlil)ed :] Rather than he will miss or want any
j)art of his will or ai)petite, lie will put the loss
of one half of his realm in danger. ... I have
often kneeled before him in his privy chamber
on my knees the s]>ace of an iiour or two, to per-
suade him from his will and npiietite, tmt I
could never bring to pa.ss to di.ssuade him there-
from.— Kxtciirr's pjxci., vol. 2, cli. 17, p. 279.
Jlia.l. OBSTINACY, Extraordinary, .himex IT.
It is j)robaJ)l(! a motion for opening a negotiation
with .James wo ild have been made in the Con-
vention, and would have been supported by the
great boily of Tories, had he not been on this,
as on every other occasion, his own worst enemy.
Every post which arrived from Saint Germaiil's
])rought intelligence which damped the ardor of
his adherents. He did not tliink it worth his
while to simulate regret for Ids past errors, or
to promise amendment. He put forth a mani-
festo telling his iieoi)le that it liad l>een his con-
stant CM re to govern them with justice and mod-
eration, ,i/id tliat tliev had been cheated into ruin
hy imiiginury grievances. The ofTcct of his folly
and obstinacy was that those who were most de-
sirous to see him restored to his throne on fair
cr)iiditions f(!lt that, liy proposing at that mo-
ment to treat with him, they shoidd injure the
cause wlilcli they wished to serve. — Macaulay'h
Enu., ch. 10, p. r)((7.
SIMA'I. OBSTINACY, ImmoTable. J<xmc» II.
The obstinate and imperious nature of the king
gave gn^at advantages to those who advised him
to be tirm, toyi(-Id nothing, and to maki; himself
f(!ared. His mode of arguing, if it Is to he so call-
ed, was one not uncommon among dull and stub-
bora persons, who are accustomed to be surround-
ed l)v their inferiois. He asserted a i)roposition ;
and as often as wiser [a'oplo ventured respect-
fully to sliow that it was erroneous, lie lusserted
it again, in exactly the .same worils, and conceiv-
ed tliat, by doing .so, he at once; disjiosed of all
objections. " I will make no concessions," he
often repeated ; " my father made concessions,
and he was beheaded." — Macai'lay's Eno.,
ch. «, p. r)7.
3W55. OBSTINACY, Political, .hunen U. On
the great day on wli'cli the bishops ]_\vlio refused
to join the king in tlie overthrow of tlu^ Protes-
tant Church] were acquitted, and on which the
invitation was despatched to the Hague [invit-
ing William, Prince of Orange, to invade Eng-
land,] James returned from Hounslow to West-
minster in a gloomy and agitated mood. He
madi! an effort- tliat afternoon to appear cheer-
ful ; Out tlu; bonfires, the rockets, and, above
all, the waxen popes who were lilazingin every
(juarter of JiOndon, were not likely to soothe
him. . . . Soon it began to be clear that defeat
and mortllication had only liardened the king's
heart. The first words which he uttered when
he learni'd that the objects of his revenge had
escaped him were, "So much the worse for
them." Witliin a week these words, which he,
according to his fashion, re[)eated many times,
were fully explained. He blamed liimself, not
for having prosecuted the bishops, but for hav-
ing pro.secuted them before a tribunal where
(jiiestions of fact were decided by juries, and
where established principles of law could not bi;
utterly disregarded even by the mo.st .servile
judges. — Macau/. ay's Eng., ch. 9, p. 385.
3§56. 0BSTB17CTI0H, I-egislative. On ihe
Ijiml Act. A few .senators, •', lio retained their
sen.ses, saw Ihe ii.sejessness of (lie opposition,
and retired. HIbulus wa.s of duller and tougher
metal. As the vote w/is aluiUt to be taken,
he and his tribunes rushed to the rostra. The
tribunes pronounced their veto. Kilailus said
that he had consulted the sky ; the gods for-
I)ade further action being taken that day, and
he declared the a.ssembly di.ssolved. Nay,
as if a man like Ctc.sar could be stopped by a
shadow, he i>ropf)sed to sanctify the whole re-
mainder of tli(> year, that no further bu.siness
might t>e transacted in it. Yells drowned his
voice. The mob rushed upon the steps ; Bibu-
lus w.'is llirown (hjwn, an(i the rods of the lie-
tors were broken ; the tribunes who had betray-
ed their order were beaten. — Froude's C/I':sau,
ch. i;i
3§57. OCCUPATION, Changes in. Peter Co-
per. At first blush, this fretiui nt change of bu-ii-
ness would seem to indicate instability of pur-
^
OCKAN— OFFICK.
455
poHc. lie wiiH Ihirtyllirt'o vcarM old when h«
l)()Uju:lit the tfUiv factory, iukI Imd been in buxi-
now for liiiiiMolf nine years, «-han>;in>f from car-
liaKe-niaiier to wooUencanler, and from woui-
Icncarder lo inventor, then beconiin^r a caltinel-
nmlier, only to contiimt! tlie l)u.sine.sH one year,
\vlieii lie sold out to open a j^roeery Htore, eon-
limiinir it only twelve inonlliM, and llnally sold
out tiilH business to carry on a >;lue factory.
.Six elian^'es in nine years Imve very seldom niadc!
anybody rich, but the proof of bis wisdom was
evident ciioukIi. for every movement was for tin'
better. He bail be(!n steadily increasing his ac-
( iinndatioiis. This lust cbnnirc? was to lie per-
manent. — Lkhtkk'h LiKi': ok I'ktkii Coopkh,
p. 10.
•IMftN. OCEAN God's Barrier, The. A Sunnrn.
[In the coniiuest of Africa they reached ilitf
Atlantic. I 'I he career, thouj^h not the /eal, nf
Akbah wa.s checkeil by the prospect of abound-
less ocean. He spurred his iiorse into the waves,
and raisin^j^ Ids eyes to lieaven, exclaimed, with
tinstone of afanatit;, " Great God t if my course
Avert! not stopped by this sea, I would still go on,
to the unknown kingdoms of tlie West, ])reacli-
iiig the ludty of thy holy name, and ptitting to
the sword the rebellif)us nations who worsldp
any other gods tlian Thee." Yet this Moham-
medan Alexander, who sighed for new worlds,
was \mable '.o preserve his recent con<iuests. —
GlIillON's IloMK, ch. .')1, p, 2i2.
3§59. OCEAN, Enchanted by the. Alcraiider.
At last Alexander, after having spent full nine
months in conuug down the rivers, arrivecl at
theocean, where, gazing with the utmost eager-
ness upon that vast expanse! of waters, be imag-
ined that this sight, worthy of .so great a con-
(|U( ror as him.self, greatly overpaid all the toils
lie had undergoiu!, and the many thousand men
be hadJost to arriv(! at it. lie then olTcird sac-
rifices to the goils, and particularly In Ncplune ;
threw into lh(! sea the bulls be, had slauglitered,
and a great number of golden cups. — Itoi.i.i.NS
Hist., Hook 15, ^ Hi.
3§60. ODIUM, Accidental. K<irl of Stmffonl
Encouraged bv thes(,' experiments of their pow
er [in ref()rnung legislative abusesj, a heavier
blow was vet meditated against the sovereign
|('liarles I.] in the impeaclunent of his favoriti;
nunister. . . . Hy a cinieurrenco (jf accidents
this nobleman labored under the 'Klium of all
the three nations of the Mritish enii)ire. The
Scots regarded him a.s tin adviser of all IIk;
measures obnoxious to that country ; the Irish,
whom be had governed as lord lieutenant, had
found him extremely arbitrary ; and Avitli the
English, at least the Parliamentary leaders, it
WiissutHcientcau.se of hatred that, having begun
l)ublic life as an asserter of j)i)])ular cjiiims, lie
liad in maturcr age become tlie chief friend and
coun.si'llor of th(! king. — Tvti.lu's Hist.,
IJook «, ch. 29, p. 402.
3§6I. ODIUM braved. Jo/,n Adxmi^. One of the
inost honorable actions of his lif(! was defending
the British soldiers who participated in what is
♦•ailed the " Boston Massacre." An altercation
liaving arisen between the soldiers and some of
the town's peojile, it ended in the soldiers tiring
upon the crowd, as they alleged, in .self-defence.
]5eing put upcui their trial for miinler, .John Ad-
ttms braved the ob!i;'iuy cf defeiuling them. It
waH honorable to the people of Boston that thejr
should Imvi! reeogni/ed Uu; rigiit of thu,su mil-
diers, odious as tlu'y were, to a fair trial, and re-
spected the motives of their favorilt! in volun-
teering to defend them. — ('v< i.oi'Kiu.v ok Buk).,
p. r,ii.
3M«i}. ODORS cleanied. Srotrh. Perhaps tho
most curious item memoriali/.ing the famous con-
llicl is in the [\Vorcesler| corporation records,
with reference to the poor Scotch soldiers:
" Paid for pitcli and rosin to |)erfume the Hall
after the Scots, two shillings." Indeed, that
tine old Hall needed ]ierfuniing and ( leansing,
for it was drenched with blood, iiut rather tho
blo(Kl of the Engli.sh than the Scotch ; forit wa»
within its walls that the English Cavaliers mii(hi
a last and desperate resistance, and they were all
cut to jiieees or madi! jiri.soner.s. This was tho
last and great decisive contlict ; the defeat of
Worcester settled the royal cause; [of Charles I.],
and doomed it, with its chief and his adherents,
to banishment, until the strong victor who had
scattered the royal rabble at Worcester should
himself be coniiuered by death. — Hood's Cuom-
wi;i,i,, ch. V.\, p. KIH.
Jl*n>:|. 0D0B8, Dangeroni. I'^nifll of CnmeU.
The .\rabs disdaini'd the naked bravery of their
ancestors. Instead of wagons, they were attend-
ed by a long train tif camels, mules, and a.sses ;
tli(! multitudi! of these animals, whom they be-
decked with Hags and streamers, appeared to
swell the pomp and magnitude of tlicirliost; and
the horses of the enenty were often disordered by
the uncouth tigure and odious smell of the cam-
els of the Kast. Invincilile by their i)al!enc(! of
thirst and heat, their spirits were frozen by a
winter's cold, and the consciousness of their pro-
pen.sity to sleep exacted the most rigorous pre-
cautions against the surprises of 'he night. — Giu-
iion'h Ko.mk, ch. .'>;}, p. ;}T().
.1N6<I. OFFICE, Annoyance in. liimuinit. Pom-
pcy did not think it ben<'ath him to aiipearatthe
levee of (Jicero. The custom was to wait 'n the
vestibule or nnte-chamber till the great man
made his appearance ; to ])ay him .some compli-
mi'iit, coucheil either in wishes for his health or
panegyric on his talents, or congratulation on
any promotion which might have occurred, and
aftirward to acconijjauy liini — either walking in
his train, or attending by tlu! side of his litter —
to the senate-house or to the forum, and thence
to reconduct him home. The lower ranks and
the moH! servile and jiarasitical courtiers, who
bad many such visits lo pay, mu.st have nece.s.sa-
riiy begun \'ery early in the morning. Juvenal
humorously describes them as setting out by star-
light, and doi'S not even give them tinu; to tio
their garters. The.s(! visits Pliny caWaaiite-luca-
iKi ojjicia. They were sometimes so troublesome
to the great man to whom they were paid, that
it was not unusual for him to go out by a back
door, and so give his visitors the slip. — 'I ytleii's
Hist., Book 4, ch. -1. p. 444.
3W05. OFFICE, Appointment to. By Jn men IT.
II(! now j)roclaimcd that he had only been too
gracious when Ik; had condescended to ask tho
assent of the Scottish estates to his wishes.
There was a Scottish Act of Supremacy which
gave to the .sovereign such a control over the
Church as might have satisfied Henry VIII. Ac-
conlingiy, papist.s were udniittcd ill crowds to
40ti
OFFICE.
<iffl<T« nnd lionnin. The Hlnhnp of Dunkcld,
who, OH II lord of FnrMumcnt, hud oppowd tlic
(,'ovvrnnK'nt, w/vh nrliilrarllyt-jfcted froin his nee,
find ft HucccflMor wuh iippolntcd. t^iicctiHhcrry
witsNtrippcd of all IdHniiployiiionlH, itiid was or-
dirod to rciimin at KdiiibuiKli till the ikcoiidIm
i>f thu trt'iiMiiry during hiM udinlnlHlrulidii hud
liccn examined nnd approved. As liiu leprcNcn-
tativi'M of tiio towns had U'cn found tlic most
luunaiui^^cahlo part of tlui rarliiinieni itwaHde-
tcrndncd to niul<o n n^volntion in every hiir^di
throu^liout the ](inK(h>iu. A Niniiiar change liud
recently Iteen elfeeted In Ena;latid liy judicial
DcMtenceH, liiit in Hcotland a simple mnndati- of
the prince waM Ihought mitllcient. All elections
«if iruigistruteH and of town councils wen; pro-
]til)ite<r, and Ihu kinjf usMumcil to himself the
right of tilling up the chief nundcipal o'Jlces. —
Macaulay'm Knu., ch. 0, p. 1 1((.
3fl66. OFFICE, Channel In. TnHn. Tn llie
Ottoman ]un))lr(! ... it is esteemed ii rules of
fxcellent |iolicv to nii'ko frequent changes in
these ofllces. Itemoval, thcrci'ore, is often iirnc-
tised without cause; of discontent ; hut us this ar-
bitrary chango ndghi convert a friend intoadnu-
^(srous enemv, there !■» most ommonly i\ huIH-
<'ii>nt cause alleged fr)r 8t;niling the degraded of-
llcer a bowstring along with Iho order for Ids
dismission. — TYTLEu'a IIiht., Hook ti, ch. 1,1,
p. 213.
3N07. OFFICE, Conditlom for. TteignofJnmcx
jr. The president of the college [M;igdalene]
died. One of the follows, Doctor Thomas Hmith,
jtopidnrly incknamed Itabbi Bnulh, a distinguish-
ed traveller, book-collector, antiepmry, and Ori-
entalist, . . . a.si)ired to tlu! vacant post. ... lie
had long been intimately acipiuiiited with Par-
ker, Bishop of O.xford, and Loped to obtain by
the interest of that prelate a nwal l(>ttcr to the
college. Parker promised to do his best, but .soon
reported that ho had fcmnd difllculties, 'The
king," he .said, " wid recommend no person who
Is not a friend to lu.s Majesty's religion. What
can you do to i)leasuro bim as to that matt ^r ?"
Hmith answere< ! that, if lio became president ho
•would exert hu self to promote learning, true
Christiauity, and loyally. "That will not do,"
paid the bishop. "If ho," «dd Smith, ninn-
fully, "let who will be pr"sident ; I can prom-
ise nothing more." — AIacaiii-ay's En(1., ch. 8,
p. 2B0.
3§6i. OFFICE declined. Jtoi/alti/. At length
rromwell, with much reluctance, wa.s obliged to
refuse that dignity which he most anxiously de-
f*ired, and had talien such uncommon measure."}
to attain. To console him for hi.s mortifying dis-
appointment, the Parliament confirmed his title
of Protector, to which they added a perpetual
Tcvenue, and the right of appointing hi.s success-
or. They gave him authority likewise to name
a house or peers, and he i.ssued writs to sixty
anembers, among whom were five or six of the
old nobility, some gentlemen of family and fort-
ime, and tho rest officers who had risen from
Ihe meanest professions. But none of the old no-
Lility would deign to accept of a seat in this mot-
ley assembly ; and by naming so many of his
mends to sit in the upper hou.se, the Protector
found he had lo.st the majority in the IIou.se of
Commons, which now began to dispute and op-
pose all his measures, Enraged ut his di;iap-
poinlment, he hantlly dii««olved (his Parliammt,
as he had done neveral of Ihe precedlu/.' — Tyt-
i,i;nsHiHT., Book 0, ch. :«». p. 417.
:tM«1>. OFFICE, Dlilike for. Ami/ rath IT. t/ifl
Turk. The sultan, Amuralh II , wns a i>rlnco
of a singuJiir character. No man was bet tei qual-
illed to inereUM(> the ^' andeur of IiIn empire, and
n(> one was so fond ot a life of (pdet and retire-
meiil. lie twice r< signe<l the crown, and was
twice prevailed on by his bashaws and jiud/arien
to resume ii. A most solemn ti'caly liad been
concluded, in Ihe year Mil, between him and
I.adiNlaiiH, King of Poland ; and on the faith of
this treaty, whiih gave peace to his dominions,
Amurath had devoted his days ton^tirement im(l
IIk! study of philosophy, leaving the government
in the hands of his turn Mahomet. — Tv'lUiii't*
llisi , Hook II, <h. 1:J, p. 200.
3870. OFFICE, Embarrwwinenti in. Af>rnh(nn
T.ineoln. Jh'o one of his Tiredecessors, not even
AN lushlngton, encounterecf di(ll(Mdties of ('(pud
nuigidtude, or was called to jHrfdim duties of
cfpud responsibility. He was first elected byiv
minority of llu' iK)pular vote, utid his election wa»
regarded by a majority of tin; peoph; as the inmie-
diale occasion, i' not the cause, of civil war ; yet
upon hini devolved the necessity of carrying on
that wai . /ind of cond)ining and wielding the en-
ergies of the nation for its successful pro.secu-
li(m.— Uav.monu'8 Lincoln, ch. 21, p. 71.">.
3S7I . OFFICE by FayoritUm. Duke of Uuck-
inqham. The demerits and defects of Bucking-
ham, nowcsiH'cially, became daily more obvious,
and roused in the ndndsof all noble Knglishmeu
growing indignation. \Vo have already spoken
of the a.scent of this man to power — it is unllko
anything in (-ur hi lory : he .simply had the gra<'0
and beauty of a woman, without a woman's pre-
science and tact. lie delighted in deix-ndents
and suitors, never got beyond the court, and
could not luiderstjind the peoph;. He could not
comi)rehend that the reign of favorites was pas.s-
ed, and the reign ftf statesmen begun ; and (hat,
as Eliot says, " the old f nius of the kingdom in
reawakening." Having verv litdo of the .states-
man himself, he seems to have looked with cov-
etous (^e and hand on the trains of the bucca-
neer, whil(r utterly unpi >s.se8.sed of the buccaneer's
grasp and strentrth. — Hood's ('komwkll, ch. 'i,
p. 61.
3873. OFFICE, Honorary. John Uoirard. In
the year ITTU John Howard was appointed high
sheriff of the county of Bedfordshire, in which
he resided. In England the sheriffs are appoint-
ed by the king, and he usually .selects one of tho
leadmg gentlemen or noblemen of the county,
who holds theofllce one year. The disagreeublu
duties of the i)lace are performed by under-sher-
ilTs. Twice a year the hiL;li .sheriff, clad in showy
robes of his ofilce, rode out of town in his car-
riage, and escorted to the town-hall, nmid the
jiealing of bells, the judges who came to hold tlia
semi-annual court ; and in the evening he gavu
a ball, which was attended by the judges, tho
lawyers, and the principal families of the coun-
ty. He ai.so occasionally entertained at dinner
tlie gentlemen of the neighborhood ; and thcso
were all the duties which custom and public
opinion demanded of the high sheriff. As ho
receive<l no salary, and the office involved con-
siderable exptuse, it was ocvcr bestowed except
DKFUK.
457
upon n man of wcnltli. — ('vrroriniv or Bioo .
p. 41.
ft*tT3. OIFICK honorid. Emprrov Tnijuit.
Trujiiri liliiiMcIf, Hill i flic (liitlcH of Hovfn'ljrMly,
•Tijoydd tlif /^r(!ul<'>-i lia|)|iliH'NH wliiili (.mid lie-
loiiK to 11 priviiU' Niiilioii. Ho wiilkt'tl tlmmjjli
tli(! Hfrct'ls (if HoDic. willuiiit jfuiinl oralti'iiduiil,
ftH i\ 'iirlvMUi fndivi.iiiil, tiiiirc w^'ure in llic 1(>\«'
an i «ITr<'ii(iii of lii^ .iilijfclx limn in tlic Mtn nt^lli
of nn iiiipt'iial rctinii'' I Ir lived witli IiIh fricml-
on tiTMiM of till' mk/kI, f.'iniiliur intrriiiiirNf ; L
tihariul in nil their iiniUHcnifint^ ; and tlicn* ^\as
l)ctwi!<!n them iiii iiitercliun^o of t'very l^ind and
atTcetioimtu duly. Hiieli wax tlio virtuouH ami
vtinorahlt! Tiiijan, wliosocliamcUTHo j' stly hut-
itcd thosunmnw! unlvtTmilly nlvcn h,,,i, j/vt/n-
nut OptiinuH. Ho died at llie age of .^ixty-three,
after a rd^n of nineteen ycarH, ii periud diiriiif^
wlii' '\ Homo may l>t) Hiiid to liuve been truly hap-
py.- rvTi. Kit's MiHT., JJook ... (!h. 1, r 4»fl.
3N7/t. OFFICE, Love of. lifi'tja of ., im,.i II.
To the iiinilanne (if thi! sincere friend df \\w
F.Mt«l>llHhed Ciiiiich [ialf lord lreiiN>irerJ Hix h-
»;.stor luid, indeed, very .slender l.iitnH. To
Havo Ids place, he had .Hal in that liiliiinid which
had been ille>;iilly create<i for tin; jiurpoMe of per-
secuting her. W) JHive his place, he had jjiven a
dinhonem voto for (h'lrradin^^ one of hernioHtem
ineut ministers, had atTi ckhI to <l(>iilit her ortho-
doxy, had listened with tint ontward Hhowof do-
cility to toucherH who < : led herNchlMnKUicaland
heretical, and liad oITi i .mI to cooperate -treini-
ou.sly with her deadliest enemleH in theirdesijrns
against her. The hlj^hcHt prai.sc to which he w h
entitled wii.s tliis, that Ik; had shrunk fmni tli(;
CX«'ei-dili^ wii kediie.s.s and l)aHeii("-s of ))iilili( ly
abjiirin;^, for Im re, tlu; relij^ioii in whii li he had
I'l'en hronj^lil iii>, which he liellcvcd to he Iriie,
Old of whi> li lie had lorn; made an oHteiil .iIoiih
l)rof(WMioii. -Mai Ai;i. ay's i;n(j,, cIi (1, p 144.
!lfi7A, . lititjn if Janu'n IT, [!'> uii;
)intod by tlie king on the \\i ,| of
iH.sioii.H| liocheNter, di.sai)proviiif,'aiid
iiiurmurin.!;. consenicd to Herv(<. .Much as he
liad to endure at conrt, hi; could not bear to ipiit
it. !Miich as lie loved tin; Church, he coiilil uoi
bring himself tn Miicritice for her ^-ike his wliiic
s .iff, his patronage liii salary ol' .UHOOO a year,
and the f;ir larger uidlreel eiiioluiiicnts of hisol-
Hcc. lie excused his eonduet to others, and per-
haiw to him.self, by i)leadiiig that, as a commis-
wioiier, he ndght be able to |)revent much evil,
and that, if he refused load -^nme ])ers(iii le-^sal
lached lot''(! Protest .iit religion would be fiimd
to replace liinj. . . . The king offered Uoclie-ler
a simple I lioice, to iiroimiince thebishoj) [C\>mp-
ton] gidlty, or to (piit the treasury. Uochester
was bai)(; enough to \ ield. — Ma( \i;i,.vv's K.\<; ,
ch. «, p. 89.
3^76. OFFICE purchased. Kinp, rorClniuUuH.
At llie tinie when t.'aliicula was i)ut to death.
Claudius, his uncle, and he lirolher of (Jerman
iciiH, a man whose weak .uiil childish d piwition
liad never cherished an andiitious thought, had
concealed liim.self in a corner of the palace for
fear of assassination. \ -oldier acciiientallv dis-
covering his retn.'at. salutccl him emi)eror. iV'hilc
Claudius wa.s tremblini;!', hegginL; his life to be
spirrcd, some others coming up, thev put him in
a litter and carriei! him to the camp of the pne-
torian guards. Tuere, as yet afraid, and uncer-
Illegally apiM)i
High (Join mis>
tain of hlfl falo, he prondwd to ra«"h of the «ol-
dierx a larije grntifleailon, and received in return
their (Hdh- of allegiance. Tlie people ajiproved
the choice, and the Henalc was obliired to conllrni
it. Thus wiks the empire litniijlif fur the fimt timn
-a [iriicllce which We shall set! beeoiuelii fnluro
' vh'emely .-ominon. ClaiidinH .'tt the ai.'!- of fifty
' iM Hllll achild; hiscounlcnaii< >' was that of an
idiot, and his mind, naturally weak, had never
received lh(; Hinallest llnelnre td' ediiiation.-
Tvri.Ku'rt Hist., Hook Ti, ch. 1, p. 4n(
riwrr. . S,/lf,'. Heirothiin -Ifeh-ct.
ed pnetor, pardv by his iissidullles luid partly
by his money. \Vliile Ik; bore that of^ei', he hap-
pened to be provokefl at Ca'sar, and <idd t") him,
angrily, " I will use mf/ auth(nllv against you."
Ciesar answered, huighint;. " Von do well to
call it y urn, for y. a bouglii, it,' - Pi.ltaH' if'H
Hvi.i.A."
3II7M. OFFICE, QualiflcttuoM for. Uotiuiu. Ac-
( ording to the hi\sM of Itonu;, her tirst mimistrato
wiiH riMpured to be a doctor of laws, an alien, of
a j>lac(! at h'asl f^rty miles from the city, with
w ii >M4> inhabitants he niu^t not ht; conm^cted in
the ihird canonical degree of blood or allianee.
The election vus annual ; a severe scrutiny w^
instituted in' Uie conduct of the departing sen-
iilor ; noi . iilii lie b«; n v ailed to the .sameotHt U
till aft. r tlif expiration of two years. A lih'-ral
salary "t :t<XM( tlorins was assigned for hiscxpinso
and reward; aii'l his public appearance rcpr ,••
sentcd the majesty ot' Ihe republic UliUlu^'ii
Ho.MK, cl 70, p "(().■).
3f»7». OFFICE, RMignation »r. SlHtmif'il.
VitelliiiM, wiibln a few monllis(.| bissucci'ssion,
saw himself niduced to the alternative of resign-
ing tlie empire, or of dyiiiir like his predecessor.
Hecliose tne former, and iminediately concluded
a xhaiiiefiil triiiily witli Siihinus, the brother of
Vespasian then prefect of i{onie, by which ho
saved his hl'e. oblaiiiing, in return fi r his resig-
nation of t.li(^ eiiipin;, the liberty of retiring to
Campaniii Willi a considerable yearly pension.
This tr( ,1 , tlu; dastardly emperor read himsidf
to the pi .,()l(!, ci\irigall the while like a child.
1I<; then sulimissi vely iirejiared to strip himself
of all the ensigns of "authorit\ The spirit of the
citizens was roused ut this self-degrad.ition.
They compelled liini toretuiii to his palace and
attacked the party of Sabinus, who retired tf> the
Capitol. — T^ n,Ki(>> Hihi'., Hook.'i.ch. 1, p 4U1.
3NS0. . Fiireiml. Afl(!r liavinc es-
tablislied an apiicuriince of order in tlie several
departnuints of the State, Augustus, to conip'.eto
till! larcc, atriictc. 1 a wisli to abdioii.' Ids author-
ity, and return i.> the rank of a iinvate citizen ;
bill this was a piece of gross atfeetalion. He Con
suited Meca-nas, however, and Marcus Agrippii,
\\ li(;ther he ought to follow his iiicilination. . . .
This seeming moderation, howev(!r. increased
tlie jiopularity of Aiurusius, .and even naved the
way for an extension ol his power — Tytlku s
Hist , Hook 5, ch. 1, p. 477.
3WWI. . policy. In the seventh yenr
'f his consulnte A iguslus again pretended a de-
sire to abdicate, and he actually informed the
S«'natetliatlie had resigned all autlnTity ; Ian he
was now secure of the consequences of this avow-
al From those mercenary voices which had,
no doubt, been bt-hind the scenes, well inii'iej • >
^,
^r^:^..
IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET {MT-3)
1.0
I.I
il.25
|5o ■^~ B^B
U£ 1^ 12.2
m
IS. 12.0
■UUu
U 111.6
%
v
Hiotographic
Sciences
Corporaiion
23 WEST MAIN STREET
WEBSTER, N.Y. 145&0
(716) 872-4S03
"^^ >.^
-0'^
°:;<^^:^^
'<i,^
&!i^lS£4-we«' \*'V^^/ ■- liJi^ii S'W-*?;' ' •■ A
458
OFFICE.
II
this hypocritical fivrco, there was now one uni-
versal cry of supplication? entreutii g him not to
abandon that republic which he had preserved
from destruction, and whose existence depended
on his paternal care. " Since it must be so," said
Le, " I accept the empire for ten years, unles.9 the
public peace and tranquillity shall permit me be-
fore that time to seek that case and retirement
■which I so i)asHionutely desire." . . . The tenth
^•(•ar, the period which he had appointed for lay-
iu<r down his authority, had now arrived, lie
ac( ordingly did so, and at the earnest entreaty
of the people agtiin resumed it ; and so fond does
lie appear to have been ox this solemn farce, iliat
live times in the courio of his government ho
amused the natii.ii wiMi this emjity pageantry
of their pretended p(nver. — Tytleu's Hist.,
Eook5, ch. l,p. 479.
3S§3. . Si/lla. Sylla took another
step which excited universal surprise — he re-
signed the dictatorship. The na.i who had de-
stroyed above 100,000 of his fellow-citizens —
■who, in the course of his proscriptions, had put
to death about 90 senators and abtive 2600 Roman
knights — had courage to resign the absohite au-
thority ho had acquned, to become a private cit-
izen, and to offer to give an account to the pub-
lic of his conduct. But he liad gained partisans to
Lis interest more powerful, if not so numero\i3
as his enemies ; . . . and, above all, he was the idol
of the army, who had all along profited by his
measures and gained by his indulgence ; he had
given freedom to 10,000 slaves, and had gratified
Ijy re^i^ards all his jjartisans. These were his
guardians, and enabled him to walk with the se-
curity of an innocent man in that city which
lie had deluged with blood. — Tytleii's Iliar.,
Book 4, ch. 1, p. 79.
3S83. OFFICE, Bich Men for. Carthaginian.
Aristotle has noted two circum.stances as defects
in the constitution of this republic : the one, that
it was lawful for the same individual to exercise
different offices of state at the same time ; the
other, that the poor were excluded from holding
all ollices of importance in the commonwealth.
But the former of these may be found expedient
and even necessary in the best-regulated govern-
ments, and the latter appears to be agreeable to
the soundest policy ; for in offices of high trust
poverty might often prove too powerful an in-
citement to a deviation from duty. — Tytleh's
Hist., Book 3, ch. 8, p. 358.
3§§4. OFFICE, Eotation in. Thebans. CEdi-
pus had two sons, Eteocles and Polynices, to
■whom jointly he bequeathed the sovcjeignty of
Thebes. Instead of dividing the kingdom, they
agreed to govern it year after year alternately.
Eteoclc<^, at the expiration of his term, refus-
ing to .sign, Polynices solicited the aid of Adras-
tus, king of Argus, who espoused his cause,
engaged several of the princes of Greece to as-
sist him, and marched against the Thebans with
a powerful army They retreated before the en-
emy, and b(!took themselves to their city, which
Adrastus immediately took measures for assail-
ing. This is the first siege mentioned in Gre-
cian history. . . . Thebes, after a long siege, gave
no hopes c f surrender ; both parties became
tired of the war, and it was at length agreed to
terminate it by a single combat between the rival
brothers, Eteocles and Polynices — an issue for
the quarrels of sovereign princes which the hu-
mane HMider of history will often find reason t(»
wish had been more frequently resorted to.
The brothers fopght under the walls of Thebes,
and were both killed. — Tytleu'bIIist., Book 1,
ch. 8, p. V5.
3§S5. . Bite Deeper. [Cromwell
said :] New statesmen, like f resli flies, bite deep-
er than those which were chased away beforo
them. — RNiGHT'a Eno., vol. 2, ch. 20, p. 824.
3§§6. OFFICE, Sale of. rrison-Warden. Tho
warden of the Fleet [ono of the London prisons
for debtors] enjoyed a patent office, to be pur-
chased by a large payment to some minister of tho
crown. John Ilugginsgave £5000 to Lord Claren-
don for his patent. [It was made profitable by tha
fees paid, llugginssold his patent to others, j
who made £81 1 4«. per annum for lodging tho
prisoners ; bv the commitment and dismissioa
fees, £766 18s. M. ; by liberty of rules, £1500 ;
by chaplains' fees, which they farmed out upon
a small payment to tho chaplain, £813 16«. ; by
rents of various premises, £740, making a total
of £4633 18s. 8a'. per annum- — Knight b Enu.,
vol. 6, ch. 4, p. 64.
3S§7. OFFIOE, Seekers for. Abraham Lincoln.
When the South was threatening civil war, and
armies of officer-seekers were biesieging him ia
the Executive Mansion, he said ... ho wished
he could get time to attend to the Southern ques-
tion ; . . but the office-seekers demanded all his
time. " I am," said he, "like a man so busy ia
letting rooms in one end of his house, that ho
can't stop to put out the fire that is burning in
the other." — IIatmond's Lincoln, p. 720.
3§8§» . Abraham Lincoln. A new
levy of troops required . . . tho appointment of
a large additional number of brigadier- and ma-
jor-generals. Among the immense number of
applications, Mr. Lincoln came upon one whereia
the claims of a certain worthy (not in the service
at all) " for a generalship " were set forth. But
the applicant did not specify whether he wanted
to be brigadier- or major-general. . . . The clerk,
on receiving the paper again, found writtea
across its back, "Major-geneinl, Ireckoa. Abra-
ham Lincoln." — Raymond's I,incoln, p. 749.
38§9. OFFICE, Selection for. Grecian Empire.
His principal officers having held a council upoa
his [Alexander's] death, it was agreed that the
crown should be conferred on Aridaeus, who
took the name of Philip ; and it was resolved that
the child of Roxana, if a son, should share tho
empire with him. She was soon after delivered
of a son, who was named Alexander, and whose
right was accordingly acknowledged. This set-
tlement of the empire jointly upon a weak maa
and an infant was the result of the jealousy of tho
principal officera, who could not agree upon the
choice of any one of themselves, while eacli
thought he had an equal claim with his competi-
tors. Those of the most moderate ambitioa
would have been contented with the .sovereignty
of some of the provinces, while others aimed at
an undivided empire. — Tytleu'sIIist., Book 2,
ch. 4, p. 195.
3§90. OFFICE, Spoils of. lieign ofJam^s IL
The sumptuous palace to which the populace of
London gave the name of Dunkirk House, tha
stately pavilions, the fish-ponds, the deer-parlc.
OP^FICE.
4J9
and the orangery oi Euston, the more tlmn Ital-
ian luxi.ry of Hum, witli its i)usts, fountains, and
aviaries, were among the many signs wliicli indi-
cated what was tlie shortest road to boundless
wealth. This is the true explanation of the un-
scrupulous violence with which the statesmen of
that day slru^'gled for ottice, of the tenacity with
which, "in s])ite of vexation?*, humiliations, and
dangers, they clung U) it, and of the scandalous
coniiijianccs to wliicli thej' stooped in order to re-
tain it. — M.\r.\ri,AY'8ENii., oh. 8, p. 280.
3§9I. OFFICE, Terror in. Emperor Aucjuxtm*.
With this daily augmentation of power, he was
not willnmt continual alarms for his personal
safety. He was naturally timid, and the fate of
(!iesar was ever before him. For a considerable
time he never went to the .senate-house without a
suit of armor under his robe ; he carried a dagger
in his girdle, and was always surrounded by ten
of the t)ravest of the senators, on whose attach-
ment he could thoroughly depend. — Tvtlku s
Hist., Book 5, ch. 1, p. 477.
3§93. OFFICE unconditioned. WilUnni of Or-
anrje. [A convention of the houses of Parlia-
ment were discussing the questif)n of claimant
of the vacant throne.] lie had hitherto, he said,
remained silent ; he had u.sed neither solicitation
nor menace ; he had not even suffered a hint of
his opinions or wishes to get abroad ; but a crisis
liad now arrived at which it was necessary for
him to declare his intentions. He had no right
and no wish to dictate to the convention. Ail that
lie claimed for himself was the privilege of declin-
ing any otflce which he felt that he could not hold
with honor to himself and with benetit to the pub-
lic. ... A strong party was for a regency. . . .
Another party was for placing the princess [his
wife, the daughter of King James II.] on the
throne, and for giving to him, during her life,
the title of king, and such a share in the admin-
istration as she might be pleased to allow him.
He could not stoop to si'ch a post. He esteemed
the princess as much as it was possible for man
to esteem woman ; but not even from her would
he accept a subordinate and a precarious place in
the government. He was .so made that he could
not submit to be tied to the apron-strings even of
the best of wives. He did not desire to take any
part in English affidrs ; but if he did con.sent to
take a part, there was one part only which he
could usefully or honorably take. If the estates
offered him the crown for life, he would :.!'-
cept it. If not, he shoidd, without repining, re-
turn to his native country. — 3Iacali,ay"s Eng.,
ch. 10, p. 597.
3§93. OFFICE undesired. Cromrnll. The
following is a very characteristic letter to his son-
in-law, and seems to adndt lis, in a very clear
manner, into the mind of the Protector on this
subject: "Whitehall, 22d .lune, 165,-). To the
Jjord Fled in ml, Lord-Deputy of Irclmul : Dear
Charles — I write not often ; at once I desire thee
to know I most dearly love thee ; and, indeed,
my heart is plain to thee, as thy heart can well de-
.sire. . . . It's reported that you are to be sent
for, and Harry to he deputy ; which, truly,
never entered into my heart. The Lord knows
my desire was for him and his brother to have
lived private lives in the country ; and Harry
knows this very well, and how difficultly I was
persuaded to give him his commission for his
present place. Tliis I say as from a simple and
sincere heart. The iioiae of my being crowned,
etc., (ire Himil<ir Dutlieious jiymentn." — Hood's
ClioMWKM., ch. 15, p. 188.
3§9I. OFFICE, Unfitted for. John Adams.
Appointed to go abroad as one of the anibas.sa-
dors representing the infant nation at Paris ; but
never was there a man less at home in a court,
or less adapted by nature for a diplomatist. Ho
neither understood nor respected the jjcoplo
among whom he lived, and whom he was re-
•luired to gratify and conciliate. At the samo
time he was curiously destitute of all that we call
tact, wliile he was jiosses-sed with a vanity tho
most egregious that ever blinded a man of real
worth anil ability. He offended the French
ministry ; he perplexed Dr. Franklin, who waa
one of the greatest diplomatists that ever lived,
as well as oiu-of the most honest and simple ; he
excited tlie ridicule of French people. In a word,
he was out of place in France, and rendered his
country little .service there and less honor. — Cy-
CLOPKUIAOF Bioo., p. 177.
3§95. OFFICE, Unmerited. Noral. In 1666
.Tohn Shetlield, Earl of Mulgrave, at .seventeen
years of age, volunteered to serve at sea against
the Dutch. He pas.sed six weeks on board,
diverting himself, as well as he could, in tho
society of some young libertines of rank, and then
returned home to take the command of a troop of
horse. After this he was never on the water till
the year 1672, when he again joined the fleet, and
was almost immediately appointed captain of a
ship of eighty-four guns, reputed the finest in the
navy. lie was then twenty-three years old, and
had not, in the whole course of his life, been three
months afloat. As soon as he came back from
sea he was made colonel of a regiment of foot.
This is a specimen of the manner in which naval
commands of the highest importance were then
given, and a favorable .specimen ; for Mulgrave,
though he wanted experience, wanted neither
parts nor courage. — Macaulay's Eno., ch. 3,
p. 281.
3896. ■ . Greek Emperor. [While
monarch of the Ea.stern empire] Isaac [Angelus]
slept on the throne, and was awakened only by
the sound of pleasure ; his vacant hours were
amused by comedians and buffoons, and even to
these buffoons the emperor was an object of con-
tempt ; his feasts and buildings exceeded the ex-
amples of royal luxury ; the number of his
eunuchs and domestics amounted to twenty thou-
sand ; and a daily sum of four thousand pounds
of silver would swell to four millions .sterling, the
annual expense of his household and table. His
poverty was relieved by oppression ; and the pub
lie discontent was inflamed by equal abu.ses in tho
collection and the application of the revenue. —
Gibbon's Ko.>ie, ch. 60, p. 56.
3§97. OFFICE, Unsought. Ahuheker. After
a reign of two years the aged caliph was sum-
moned by the angel of death. In his testament,
with the tacit approbation of his companions, ho
bequeathed the sceptre to the firm and intrepid
virtue of Omar. " I have no occasion," .said the
modest candidate, " for the place." " But the
place b;iSocca.si(m for you," replied Abnbeker,
who expired with a fervent prayer that the God
of Mahcmet would ratify his choice, and direct
■BCBnSI
401/
OFKICER— OMKNS.
I
tlie Musmilmiins in the way of coiKord nnd obedi-
ence. — GruHoN's ItoMK, ell. 50, \). I'A.
3§9N. OFFICER devested, An. r^>ril Olurn,.
don. Wlicii tile Diilcli tied wiis id tilt; 'rii!iiiic<,
it wiw ii^^iiliiMl liu! clmiuuillor timl tius ruf^i- of
llu! populiico wiwciiietly dirt'ctcd. His windows
•wero hroiten, llic trees of iiis pirden ent down, mid
a gihbet sel up JK^fore IiIh door. Hut nowhere
wiw lie more delcHted thiin in Ihe IIoiiH(M)f (joni-
nionH. — Macaui.ay's En(i., cii. 2, p. \h:\.
3§01>. OFFICEE dishonored, Ln-d Chivendon.
[His predeee.sHor, TyreonncI, had nioro inilii-
enc<! Willi tlio goveriiineiit tlian flic ineunibent
of the ortlc(;. The lord-lieutenant of Ireland]
found hini.Helf a subordinate member of that
administration of which he had e.\pected to be
the bead. He complained that whatever ho did
was nxiHrej)re.sente(l by his detractors, and that
the gravest resolutions touching the country
which he governed were adopted at Westnr.in-
stcr, made known to the public, di.scus.sed at cof-
fee-iiou.ses, communicated in liundreds of pri-
vate letters some weeks before oni; hint had
been given to the lord-lieutenant. His own per-
sonal dignity, he said, mattered little ; Init it
WiW no light thing that the representative of the
majesty of the throne should be made an object
of contempt to the people. — Macaulav's Eno.,
ch. 6, p. 129.
Si^OO. OFFICEE, Treacherous. Af/niiiKt Co-
InmhiiH. To iiisnii' regularity and despatch in
the affairs relative to tlie new world, they were
I)laced uiid(!r the superintendence of Juan Rod-
riguez de Fonseca, archdeacon of Seville, who
■waa. . . finallyapiiointedjwtriarchof the Indies.
. . . Enjoying the perpetual though iininerit-
ed favor of the .sovereigns, he maintained the
control of Indian affairs for about thirty years.
He must undoulitedly have possessed talents for
business, to insure him such a jierpetuity of
oflice ; but he was malignant and vindictive ;
and in the gratification of his private; resentments
not only heaped wrongs and .sorrows ujion the
most illustrious of the t;irly discoverers, l)ut fre-
quently impeded tlu; progress of their enter-
prises, to the great detriment of the crown. This
he Wfus enabled to do privately and securely by
his otHcial situation. ... Ho deserves to be
lield up as a warning examjilo of those perfidi-
ous beings in office who too often lie like worms
at the root of honorable enterprise, blighting,
by their un.soen infiuenco, the fruits of glorious
action, and disappointing the hopes of nations.
— Ihvi.no's Columbi;h, Book 5, cli. 8.
3901. OFFICEBS, Sorplns of. Ahndi'im Lin-
coln. Some gentlemen were once finding fault
with tlie President becauae certain generals were
not given commands. "The fact is," replied
Mr. Lincoln, " I liave got more ju'f/n than I
have holes to put thom in." — Raymond's Lin-
coln, p. 749.
3902. OFFICIALS, Contemptible. British Col-
onies. [The Duke Oi Newca.stle, minister of
British America for twenty -four years,] would
gratify his connections in the aristocratic fami-
lies of England by intrusting the royal preroga-
tive to men of broken fortunes, dissolute and
ignorant, too vile to be employed near home,
BO that America became the hospital of Great
Britain for its decayed members of Parliament
and abandoned courtiers. Of Buch officers the
conduct was sure to jirovoke jeaUusdistri'st and
to justify perpetual oppo.sition. — Bancuoft's
I. S., vol. 4. eh. 1.
3903. OFFICIALS, Superlativo. Const,, nlinc'a.
A thousand barbers, a thonsaiul clip bearera, a
thoUHand cooks, were distributed in the several
offices of lu.xury ; and the number of euiiiichs
could be comp-ared only with the insects of a
sumnier's day. The monarch who resigned to
his subjects the superiority of merit an(l virtue
was distinguished by the ojipre.ssive magnifi-
cence of his dress, liis table, his buildings, and
his train. The stately palaces erected by Con-
stantino and his sons were decorated with many
colored marbles and ornaments of mas.sy gokl.
The most excpiisite dainties were procured to
gratify their i)ride, rather than their Uuste ; bird*
of the most tlisiant climates, fish from the most
remote seas, fruib* out of tlieir natural .sea.son,
winter roses, and summer snows. The domestic
crowd of the palace surpas.sed thecxpen.se of the
legions ; yet the smallest part of this eo.stly mul-
titude was subserviei.t to the use, or even to the
splendor, of the throne. The monarch was dis-
graced and the people was injun!d by the crea-
tion and side of an infinite number of obscure
and even titular employments ; and the most
worthless of mankind might purchase the priv-
ilege of being maintained, without the noces.sity
of labor, from the pulilic revenue. The waste
of an enormous household, the increase of fees
and penpiisiles, which were soon claimed as a
lawful debt, and the bribes which they extorted
from those who feared their enmitj', or .solicited
their favor, suddenly enriched these haughty
menials. — Giuhon's Rome, ch. 32, p. 390.
3901. OFFICIOUSNESS, Offensive. Reii/n of
C/iiirlts J. [The Earl of Strafford's] attacks
upon Uk; illegalities of the last two years wen;
as l)rave as bcfon; : the; state of maritinio affairs
— thesi:si>ension and violation of statutes. With
much condemnation, however, a vote of five
subsidies was granted to the king ; but the tiir.e
when the collection was lo be made or the bill
introduced was not mentioned. The House
imniovalily resolved that both were to depend
on the good faith of the king. It was the great-
est grant ever made in Parliament. The secre-
tary, on behalf of the king, proceeded to thank
the House, but coupled thanks of Buckingham
[himself] with thanks of the king. Sir John
Eliot lea])ed up, and taxed Mr. Secretary with
intermingling a subject's speech with the king's
mes.sage : "In that House they knew of no
other distinction but that of king and subjects."
Whereupon many of the House made exclama-
tion, " Well sjToken, /Sir John Eliot.'" — lloou's
Cromwell, ch. 3, p. 72.
3905. OMENS, Ancient. Romans. Livy savs :
" At Falerium the sky was seen to open, and in
the void space a great light appeared. The lots
at Prienesfe shrunk of their own accord, and
one of them dropped down, whereon was writ-
ten, 'Mars brandisheth his sxrord.' " These lots
were bits of oak, handsomelv wrought, with
.some ancient characters inscribed upon thom.
When any came to consult them, the coffer in
which they were kept was opened, and a chiW,
having first shaken them together, drew out one
from the rest, wliich contained the answer to
OMENS— OPINION.
461
tlio querist's demand. As to the lots being
shrunk, which Livy mentions, and wliicli whh
considered aa a bud omen, no doubt the prie.sts
Jiad two sets, ii smaller and a greater, which
liiey played upon the people's HuperHtition as
they pleased. Cicero says they were very little re-
garded in his time. — Pll'takcii's Livkh, Lano-
uoknk'h Notk.
»90«. OKENS, Annoyed by. CluirUs T. [When
'Chaiies I. was on trial, he wtus leaning upon his
slair, which hiui a golden head. It broke oir on
a sudden, and he confess'd to the Hishop of
liondon that it made a great ini|)ression upon
him. He was beheaded.] — K.Moin's Eno.,
vol. 4, ch. 7. p. 107,
3f>0T. OMENS, Presage of. Roukihs. Now
<livinatioti we know with sonu; certainty to have
been adcjpted by the Romans from the Etrus-
<'iins. Among that jMJople everything was con-
strued into a presage; not only the extniordi-
nary phenomena of nature, as thunder, lightning,
tlio aiironi fjorealin, or the like, but the nu)st in-
sigiiiticant actions oraccidents, such ii.s sneezing,
meeting with an animal, slipping a fool, or any
of the most conunon oc('urrences of life. Among
an ignorant and rude nation everything is at-
tributed to a supernatural agency ; l)Ut the Etru-
rians were not a rude; nation, and therefore w(!
<-aa assign this natural propensity only to their
love of those national habits which they had de-
rived xroin a remote antiiputj'. To a supersti-
tious people, when presages do not olTerof them-
selvt s, it is a very natural step to go and seek
them. The sacrifice of victims i)resciited often
different appearances, according to the accident-
al state of the animal at the time it was killed.
The priests employed in the sacrirtce, being best
acquainted with those appearances, are naturally
consulted as to their interpretation. Thus they
acquire the reputation of superior wisdom
and foresight, and theai/guraml uruxpex become
an esUiblished profession. — Tvti.ku's Hist.,
Book 3, ch. 1, p. 289.
390§. OMENS, Terrorized by. Sailorg.
lurabus wiLS on liLs third voyage in the West
Indies.] Great numl)ers of .sharks, so abundant
and ravenous in these latitudes, were seenalM)ut
the ships. This was construed into an evil
omen ; for among the superstitions of the seas it
is believed that these voracious fish can smell
clead bodies at a distance ; that they have a kind
of presentiment of their prey, and keep about
vessels which have sick persons on board, or
which are in danger of l)eing wrecked. Several
of these lish they caught, using large hooks
fastened to chains, and sometimes baited merely
with a piece of colored cloth.— Iuvi.no's Co-
LUMBi's, Book 14, ch. 0.
3909. ONE, Encouragement by. Valerius. So
great, indeed, was the slaughter, that . . . each
army having a near view of th jirown loss, and
only guessing at that of the enemy, were inclined
to think themselves vanquished, nitlier than vic-
torious. When night came on, . . . and both camps
were hushed in silence and repose, it is .said that
the grove shook, and a loud voice proceeding
from it declared that the Tuscans hadlust one man
inore Vutn tfie Romans. The voice was undoubt-
edly divine ; for immediately upon that the Ko-
mans recovered their spirits, and the field rang
with accliimations ; while the Tuscans, struck
rc.>
West
with fear and confusion, de.serte<l their camp,
and most of them dispersed. As for those that
remained, who were not (juite 51)00, the Itomans
took them i)ri.soners, and phmdcred the (»mp.
When the dead were numl)ered, there were
fotuid on the side of the Tuscans 11,300, andoa
that of the Uomaits as many excepting one. —
rLLTAIlCil' 8 PrULlCOl.A.
»010. ONE, Power of. Chrixtuin. "The So-
ciety for the Promotion of (liristian Knowledge"
and also "The Society for tlu! Propagation of
the Gospel in Foreign Parts" [were both estab-
lished about KSiW, mainlv by <nw, admirablo
man, Dr. Thomas Bray]. — Ivnioiit'b EN(i.,vol. 5,
ch. 13, p. ','()((.
3911. OPINION disguised. Churlrs JT.
[When Charles II. had been defeated at tlu?
battle of Worcester and was fleeing toward
France, disguised as a .serving-man accompanied
by his mistress, who rode behind him, the king's
horse cast a shoe. " What news ?" said the
serving man to the smitb. | "None since the
beating of these rogues, tlu? Scots ; didn't hear
that rogiu- Charles Stuart bad been t;iken yet."
[Charles thought that rogue ought to be hanged,
and the smith ajiplauded him as an honest man
for his opinion.] — Kmuht's En(i., vol. .54, ch. 9,
p. 14-2.
3912. OPINION, Growth of. American Inde-
pemUrur. [.May, 1770] Washington, at New
York, freely and repeatedly delivered hi.s opin-
ion : " A reconciliation with Great Britain is im-
l)racticable, and would be in the highest degree
detrimental to the true interest of America ;
when I first took the command of the army I ab-
horred the idea of independence ; but I am now
fully convinced that nothing else will save us."
tPublic opinion wiis affected in the same way.] —
Jancuoft's U. S., vol. 8, ch. 60.
3913. OPINION, I'^opular, Erroneous. [Sec
No. 6223, Zeal Unrewarded.] The cry of the
whole nation was that an imposture had beeu
practised. Papists had, during some months,
been predicting, from the i)tdpil ami through the
jiress, in prose and verse, in English and Latin,
that a Prince of Wales would l)e given to the
prayers of the Church ; and they had now ac-
complished their own prophecy. Every witness
who could not be corrupted or deceived had been
studiously exdudeil. Anne had been tricked
into visiting Bath. The primate bad, on the
very daj' preceding that which had been fixed for
the villainy, been sent to prison in tleflance of
the rules of law and of the privileges of peerage.
Not a single man or woman who liad the small-
est interest in detecting the fraud had been suf-
fered to be present. The queen had been re-
moved suddenly and at the dead of night to Saint
James' Palace, because that i)alace, less com-
nujdious for honest pur[)ost.'s than Whitehall,
had some rooms and pas.sages well suited for the
purpose of the Jesuits. There, amid a circle of
zealots who thought Jiotbing a crime that tended
to promote the interests of their church, and of
courtiers who thought nothing a crime that tend-
ed to enrich and aggrandize themselves, a new-
born child had been introduced into the royal
bed, and then handed round in triumph as heir
of the three kingdoms. — Macaulay'b Eno.,
ch. 8, p. 337.
462
OPINION— OPINIONS.
SOIJ. . Potrerfid—UeHHting the nrit-
Ml TdJCH. " VVc will have liomcspun markets of
llnciiH and woollens," passed from moutli to
month, till it found its way across the Atlantic,
and alarmed the kin;; in eonncil ; " the ladies of
tlie first fortune shall set the examph: of wearing
homespim." — Hanciiokt's U. S., vol.T), eli. 14.
3915. . lituMed. [The Puritans
had fori)id(len the celebration of Cliristnias in
Eiifiland as a poi)isii institution. See No. H.'il,
Christmas Changed.] On the next aniuversary
of the festival foi'nudalile riots liroUc otit in
many places. 'I'lie constaliles were resisted, the
magistrates insulted, the houses of noted /.ealots
attacked, and the proscribed service of the day
opcidy read in the churches. — .M.vi Ari..vv's Hno.,
ch. 2, ]i. \')'2.
3910. OPINION, Prejudice of. Iltn/on/. To
8outh(\v, Cromwell was hyi)ocritical, always
looking out for himself ; he was conscious of a
guilty ambition, he knew that lu; was doing
wrong through tlic whole i)rocess of the struggle.
lie felt that he was a traitor, lie knew that mon-
archy, aristocracy, and episcojjaey weree.s.sential
to the well-being of the country ; he overthrew
them, and yet lie sought in some sense to retain
their imag(!s, although Ik; had got rid of the
ihiiigs. He committed a great crime, iie attained
to tlie i)os.session of .sovereign ])owerl)y means
little less guilty than Macbeth ; but lu; dared not
take the crown, and he dared not confer it upon
the young Charles Stuart, because he knew the
young man would never forgive liis father's
death, and if he could he would be altogether
unworthj' to wear his father's crown. What
would not Cromwell have given, says Southey,
whether he looked to this W'orld or the next, if
his hands had been clean of the king's blood I
Such, in brief, was the j)ortrait it pleased Rob-
ert Soutliey to portray ! such was his theory
of Cromwell's life. — Hood's Cho.mwell, ch. 1,
p. 11.
3917. OPINION, Pride of. J<n,i<'s IT. He
then produced a copy of the; prince's manifesto.
[He was about to invade England.] " See," ho
said, " how you are mentioiu'd here." " Sir,"
answered one of the bishops, " not one person in
five hundred believes tliis manifesto to be genu-
ine." "No!" cried the king, tiercel v ; "then
those five hundred would bring the i^rince of
Orange to cut my throat." "God forbid," ex-
claimed the prelates, in concert. But the king's
understanding, never very clear, was now <}uitc
bewildered. One of his peculiarities was that,
whenever his opinion was not adopted, he fan-
cied that his veracity was questioned. "This
paper not genuine !" he exclaimed, turning over
the leaves with his hands ; " am ' not worthy to
be believed ? is my word not to be taken ?" —
Macaulay's Eno., ch. 9, p. 450.
39 IS. OPINIONS subsidized. Cicero h. [Vx-
sar desired to bft consul.] Cicero, though present
in Rome, had taken no part, and looked on in
despair. The "good" were shocked at Pom-
pey's precipitation. They saw that a civil war
could end only in a depoti.sm. " I have not met
one man," Cicero said, " who does not think it
would be better to make concessions to Ca'sar
than to fight him. Why fight now ? Things
are no worse than when we gave him his addi-
tional five years, or agreed to let him be chosen
consul in his absence. You wish for my opin-
ion. I think we ought to u.se every nie«ns to
escape war. Hut I must say what Poinpey says.
I cannot ditTer from Pompcy." — Fuoluk'bC.*;-
SAU, ch. 20.
3919. OPINIONS, Character In. CromwilVs
llonic. It is given to us to see something of their
home during the ju'riod of about ten years that
Cromwell remained in (luictude and seclusion,
'{'he spectacle of that home, the interior of it, is
very amusing to Hume and sundry other his-
torians • for it would seem that there was prayer
there, and the singing of hymns and si)iritual
songs, and the reading of Scripture, and coni-
nieiils, and even preachings, there<Mi. All Ibis,
to a man of Hume's character, was nin.'-t laugh-
able and inexpressibly comic. — Hood's Cko.m-
WKJ.i,, ch. 2, ]). 4;J.
39'JO. OPINIONS, Conceited. J<ff,r.son l),ivis.
The rusli of nien to the iiattletield ... in every
part of the South was beyond all foinier exam-
ple ; and if the Government had met thisniighty
movement of the peoi)le with a corresponding
amplitude of provision and organization, the
cause of tlie South might have been reckoned
safe beyond perad venture. I'nfortunately Pres-
ident Davis was not the man to consult the sen-
timent and wisdom of the i)eoi)le ; he desired to
.signali/.e tlie infallibility of his own intellect in
every measure of the revolution, and to identify,
from niotiv's of vanity, his own iier.sonal genius
with every event and 'detail of the remarkable
jieriod of history in which he had been called
ui)on to act. This imperious cor.ceit .seemed to
swallow up every other idea in his mind. — Poi--
i.AHDs FiKsr Yeak of tjie Wau, ch. 11, p. 265.
3921. OPINIONS, Diverse. OfCromwdl. Crom-
well's letters have all at length been discovered
and bound together, and their publication has
been tin; best vindication ot the con.sistent in-
tegrity and healthful wliole-hearfedness of tlie
man. According tf) Carlyle, the faith of Crom-
well never rested on any doubtful or insecure
foundations. Whoever else might forsake him,
iiojie and faith never deserted him. He never
consented to take part in any public affairs upou
any compulsion less stniiig than that of coo-
science. He was guided by superior instinct and
the i)ractical good sense of a man set apart by
God to govern. He had no premeditated plan or
programme to which to conform. On the other
liand, his principles were never to seek. He saw
the drift of circumstances, but he was neverthe-
less to guide them, to u.se and control them, for
the good of all. He had no personal ambition ;
he was distracted by no fear, dazzled by no
honor. Soutliey 's Cnmiwell was full of jicni-
tence for his treason against Charles. Forster's
was full of penitence ifor his treason against the
republican cau.se. Guizot's Cromwell was full
of sorrow on account of his failure in clutching
at sovereignty and founding a dyna.sty. The reiU
Cromw-ell, according to Carlyle, has no penitence
of any kind, no sorrow, save for the sorrow and
sin, the sad heirlooms of our race. He was the
great champion of the Puritan cau.se, a sworn
soldier to defend the rights of civil and spiritual
freedom ; not to protect the interests of a party,^
but, so far as he could, to throw a shield over
all, having only a zeal for what he honestly be-
lieved to be God's truth, one of those rare souls.
OPIN ' )NS— OPPOUTIMTY,
4G3
wlin could lay upon ilsolf the lowliest and the
loftiest duties ; a dutiful .<on ; for a large part of
liJH life a (juiet country gentlemen ; a tender
h\ij<l)and, a tender father ; a daring itolilical
leader ; a great Holdier ; a man who knew men,
and who could, as in his (U'alings with the sulille
Ma/.arin, whiles preserving his own integrity,
twist subtle statesmen to his |)leasure ; at lasi'a
powerful sovereign, so living, praying, dying ;
no hypocrite, no traitor, hut a cliampion tnid
martyr of tlu; Protestant and I'uritanical failli.
Such is the Cromwell of Tiiomas Carlyle, and
such the Cromwell of |l'a.\lon Hood]. — IIuods
CiioMWKi.ii, eh. 1, ]). '4.
39*2. OPINIONS, El ratio. ,AV,// Milto,,. V\nm
the points which interested him most closely,
Milton knew that his imderstanding of tlie text
dilTered from the standard of Protestant ortho-
<ioxy. That God created matter, not out of noth-
ing, hut out of Himself, and that death is, in
the course of nature, total extinction of being,
though not opinions received, were not singular.
More startlin" is his a.s.sertion that polygamy is
not, in it.self, contrary to n.orality, thougii it
may he inexi)edient. More offensive to the re-
ligious sentiment of his day would have been his
vigorous vindication of the free-will of man
against the reigning Calvinism, and his assertion
f)f the inferiority of the Son in opposition to the
received Athanaslanism. — Mii-tun, liv M. Pat-
TiaoN, ch. 12.
3933. OPINIONS, Infallible. Ji'hn .Wlton.
Whatever he thought, Milton thought and felt
intensely, and expressed emi)hatically ; and even
Ins enemies eoidd not accuse him of a shadow
of inconsi.stency or wavering in liis princi{)les.
On the contrary, tenacity, or persistence of idea,
.'(mounted in liim to a serious defect of charac-
ter. A ccmviction once formed dominated him,
so that, as in the controversy witli Morns, he
could not be persuaded that lie had made a mis-
take. No mind, the history of which we have
an opportunity of intimately .studying, could be
more of one piece and texture than was that of
Milton from youth to age. — Mii/roN, liV M. Pat-
TISON, ch. 11.
3924. OPPONENTS, Kegard for. Cmmuell.
He was the steadfast frien(i, notwithstanding
episcopacy, of Archbishop Uslier ; and far re-
moved as his own sentiments were from Univer-
salism, he .shielded from p(!rsecution John Bid-
die, called the Father of Unitarians, and, in con-
sideration of his worth, even granted him a pen-
sion of 100 crowns a year. Even Sir Kenelni
Digby, Royalist as he was, found liimself at tlie
Protector's table, who no doubt enjoyed the mys-
tical wanderings of his mind, and certainly did
honor to his literary merits. He invited to liis
table, sometimes, men dis.affected to himself ;
notably more than once he invited several of the
nobility, and afterdinner told them, to their sur-
prise, where tliev hiid lately been, what company
they had lately Kept, and advised them the next
time they drank the health of Charles Stuart and
the members of the royal family to do it a little
more secretly, as tlie knowledge might not be so
hafe with some as with him. — Hoods Chom-
AVELL, ch. 16, p. 200.
3925. OPPOETUNITY, Awaiting. Cromirdl.
The only traces of the presence of Cromwell in
the House of Commons for ten years, which the
parliamentary annals retain, are a few words
si)oken by iiim, at long intervals, in defence of
his brethrctn, tlu; puritanic ndssjdnaries, and in
attack of the dommant Anglican Church and thu
Itoman Catholics, who were again struggling
for supremacy. It might be seen, from the at-
teiitiwn paid \ty his cdllcagucs to the; sentences
uttered with such '■eligious fervor by the repre-
sentative of Huntingdon, that this gentleman
farmer, as restrained in sjx'ccli ns in his desire
of popularity, was treated in the House with that,
consideration which is always shown in delilier-
ative assemblit's to those men who arc modest,
sensilile, silent, and careless nf approbation, lint
faithful to their cause. — Lamahtlnk's Cuo.m-
wi:!.i., p. 1!).
392«. OPPORTUNITY, Last, J„„h:i IF. If
only national animosity could lie allayeil, there
could be little doubt that religious animosity,
not being kept alive, as in England, by cruel
penal acts and stringent test acts, would of itself
fade away. To assuage u national animosity
such as that which the two races inhabiting Ire-
land felt . . . was a work to wliich a wise and
good prince might have contributed much, and
.lames would have undertaken that work with
advantages such as none of his ])redeces.sors or
succes.sorM j)()ssessed. At once an Englishman
and a Roman Catholic, he belonged half to the
ruling and lialf to tlu? subject cast(i, and was
therefore iieculiarly (jualitied to \w a mediator
between them. . . . Having done this, h(!
should have labored to reconcile the hostile
races to each other by impartially i)rotecting
the rights and restraining the excesses of both.
He should have jiunished witli ecjual severi-
ty the native who indulged in the license of
barbarism and the colonist wlio abused thu
strength of civilization. — Macai'i.ay's Enu.,
ch. 6, p. 124.
3927. OPPOETUNITY, A lost. Civil W,ir.
The whole Confederate force here [at Sewall,
Va.], under the command of General Lee, was
nearly 20,000. This formidable army remained
for twelve or fifteen days within sight of the
enemy, each apparently awaiting an attack from
the other. Thus the time pas.sed, when, one morn-
ing. General Lee discovered, much to his sur-
prise, that the enemy he had been so long liesi-
tatiugto attack no longer confronted him. Rose-
crans had disappeared in the night, and reached
his old position on the Gauley. . . . Thus the
.second opportunity of a decisive battle in west-
ern Virginia was blindly lost, General Lee mak-
ing no attempt to follow up the enemy, . . . tho
excu.ses alleged . . . being mud, swollen streams,
and the leanness of his artillery horses. — Poi.-
lakd's Fiust Yeau ov the Wak, ch. 6, p. 173.
392§. OPPOETUNITY overlooked. ChriMina.
[The daughter of the great Augustiis Adolphu.s.]
At a solemn assembly of the States, in the year
1654, she made a formal resignation of the gov-
ernment in his favor [Charles Gustavus]. She set
out immediately, in man"s apparel, for Rome,
but soon after left that city for Paris, which .sho
ever afterward distinguished as her principal
place of residence. The conduct of this singu-
lar woman has been varicmsly judged of ; she
herself thought it glorious — and her panegyrist,
Voltaire, holds it forth as much to her honor-
that she preferred living with men who could
■Tsawiw'*'-* ■'
464
OPPORTUNTTY-OPPOSITIOIT.
think, to tho government of a people without
literature. But how much nobler would it have
been for this philosophic queen to have Ijcstowed
her attention on tho intro<luction among her
BubjecLs of those seiences wliich tend to the
good of mankind I It wua nn evidence of a little
Boul to reproach tho.so with ij^norancc, or harbur-
ism, whom it sliould have been her study, as it
•was her duty, to have cultivated and improved.
It wa.s not, therefore, Huri)riHing tliat a woman,
whose conduct was evidently re^dated more by
caprice than by a sound understauding, should
repent of the step she had taken, an(l wish to
resume that government she had abdicated. —
Tytlkk'8 Hist., Book 0, cli. 84, p. 450.
J»a». OPPORTUNITY, Providential. PurchnM
cf JA>umana. Tlie United States, in consequenco
of favoring circumstances growing out of Eu-
ropean complications and the bold and complete
Btatesmansliip of Jelferson, obtained a territory
larger in area than that which was wrested from
the British crown by tho Revolutionary war
[for $ir),(t()0,()(»O]. It seems scarcely credible
thiit the accjuisition of Louisiana by Jefferson
■was denounced with a bitterness surpassing the
partisan nuicor with which later generations
liave been fan.iliar. No abuse was too malignant,
jio epithet too coarse, no imprecation too sjivage
to l)e employed by tho assailants of tho great
philosophic statesman who laid so broad and
tleep the foundations of tiio country's growth
und grandeur. — Blaink's Twknty Ykaks of
C'ONUKESS, p. 8.
3030. OPPORTUNITY, Waitlngr for. " 3/a/^
mbeom^.." It was reported that when Pompe-
diuH Silo, an o(lic(!rof the greatest eminence and
iiulhority among the allies, said to Marius, "If
you are a great general, Marius, come down and
tight us," he answered, " If vou are a great
general. Silo, make me come down and fight."
Pl.UTARCIl'8 MaRU-8.
3931. OPPOSITION, Beneflto of. ChrUtianity.
The Christian doctrines were not more vigorous-
ly combated by tho secular arm than by the
pens of the heathen philosophers. Porphyry, a
tJyrian by birth, and a man of great abditics,
"Wrote a long and most laborious work again.st
Christianity ; and Philostratus, one of the most
eminent rhetoricians of that age, contrived a new
method of attack, which was by drawing artful
comparisons between tho life and doctrines of
Christ and those of the ancient philosophers.
These attacks, however, were, on the whole,
rather .serviceable than dangerous to the cause
■of Christianity, since tiiey excited the zeal and
aibilities of many of the ablest Fathers of the
C;hurch to defend its doctrines, and oppose, by
their writings, the malevolent efforts of its ene-
mies. Tho works of Origen, of Diony.sius,
Uishop of Alexandria, and of Cyprian, Bishop
of Carthage, are rcail at this day with much
pleasure and profit ; and at the time they were
■written contributed, in a most eminent degree,
to the advancement of religion. — TYTLEu'a
liiBT., Book 5, ch. 4, p. 6.
3932. OPPOSITION of Folly. Street LigJitt.
Jleming's scheme was enthusiastically applauded
and furiously attacked. The friends of improve-
ment extolled him us the greatest of all the ben-
efactors of his city. What, they a.sked, were the
boasted inventions of Archimedes when com-
pared with tho achievement of the man who had
turned thtr nocturnal sha4iefl into ncKm-day ? la
spite of ihese eloquent eulogies, the cause of dark-
ness was not left undefemled. There were foolg
in that age who opposed the introduction of what
was called tho new light ns strenuously as foola
in our age have opposed liic introduction of vac-
cination and railroads, as strenuously as fools
of an ago anterior to the dawn of history doubt-
less opposed tho inlnnluction of the plough
andof alphabetical ■writing. — Macaulay'b Eno.,
ch. 8, p. 837.
3933. OPPOSITION, Help by. remeeutum. In
1070, when the act against conventicles was
being re-enacted, for the overthrow of Noncon-
formists, Waller, the wit of the House of Com-
mons, said of the Dissenters : " Tliesc people are
like tho children's tops : whip them, and they
stand up; let them alone and they fall." —
Knuuit'sEno., vol. 4, ch. Ji), p. 810.
393-1. OPPOSITION, Impolitic. Taxation. We
may observe that in this last jlTort to j)re8erv{j
their expiring freedom tins Romans, from tho
npi)rehension of a tribute, had raised Maxentiua
to the throne. He exacted that tribute from tho
Senate imder the name of a f rec* gift. They im-
plored tho assistimco of ConsUmtine. He van-
quished tho tyrant, and converted tho free gift
into a perpetual tax. — Giuuon's Ro.mk, ch. 14,
p. 484.
3935. OPPOSITION, Political. Pi-emlent Ty-
ler. Tho next niciusure — a favorite scheme of tho
Whigs — was the rechartering of the Bank of tho
United Stjites. The old charter had expired ia
1836, but the bank had continued in operatioa
under tho authority of tho State oi Pennsylvania..
Now a bill to recharter ■was brought forward
and passed. The President interposed his veto_
Agam the bill was presented in a modified form,
and received the assent of both Houses, only to
be rejected by tho executive. By this action a
final rupture was produced between the Presi-
dent and the party which had elected him. Tho
indignant Whigs, baffled by a want of a two-
thirds majority in Congress, turned upon him
wi'h storms of invective. AH the members of
the cabinet except Mr. Web.ster resigned, and ho
retained his place only because of a pending dif-
ficulty with Great Britain. — Riupatu's U. S.,
ch. 10, p. 441.
3936. OPPOSITION ^i«pared. rolitics. [Ca?sar
sought advancement to the consulship.] Tho
Senate had made up their minds to tight the bat-
tle. If Caesar went to the assembly, Bibulu.v
their second consul, might stop the proceedings.
If this .seemed too extreme a step, custom provid-
ed other impediments to which recourse might
be had. Bibulus might survey the heavens^
■watch the birds, or the clouds, or the directioa
of the wind, and declare the aspects unfavorable j
or he might proclaim day after day to be holy^
and on holy days no legislation was permitted..
Should these religious cobwebs bo brushed away,
the Senate had provided a further resource la
three of the tribunes whom they had bribed. Thai
they held themselves secure, and dared Csesar
to do his worst. Ca;sar on his side was equall/
determined. — Fboude's C-esar, ch. 13.
3937. OPPOSITION, Proof by. Samvel Jolin-
son. Ilia "Taxation No Tyranny" being mea-
OPPOSITION— OllACLE.
4r,r)
tioiKdl, h(! siilil. " I think I huvc nf>t. liccn itttacU-
p(I cnouffli for it. AllHck Im I lie reaction ; I ntv-
«-r tliiiik I Imvc lilt hard iiiiIcmn it rchoiinds ."
HoswKij, ; " I don't know, sir, wlialyoii would
be iit. I'Mvc or six hIioIm of .small iirnis in every
newspaper, and repealed cannonading; in pam-
phlets, nui,'hl, 1 think, satisfy you."— HoswKi.i.'rt
Johnson, j). '2\\.
.lOnw. OPPOSITION uieleu. ^W//.^. Tiie troops
of (.'olias and Snerid expected the approach of
th(! jrreat Fritiii'ern [the leader of the revolted
Goths), ranged themsel"e,s >inder ids Htandard,
and si;rn,i|jy,(.([ tlieir ardar in tiie me^e of lladri-
an()pl(!. Hut the resistance of tlie ^arri.son in-
formed the barl):irians thai in tln^ attack of rei;.
idur fortilications tin; eltorLs of unskilful eour-
nge are .seldom elTectual. Tiieir f^i'ueral ac-
knowled>?<Ml Ids error, rai.sed the siej^e, declared
tinit " he was at peace witli stone walls," and re-
veng(ul ins dis)kp|>ointnient on tlu; adjacent coun-
try. — OiUHON'rt U().MK, ch. 2(!, p. ;<!).
3039. OPPBESSION, Dangeroui, " Do/i't tmitt
onme." Ondsden I of Soutli Carolina, in 17i(t|
presented tiie standard . . . to he used hy the
American navy, representing;, in a yellow Held, a
nitllesnake of tlurteen full-^'rown rattles, coiled
to strike, with th*- motto, " Don't tread on mi'." —
Bancrokt's U. S., vol. 8, ch. (W.
3940. OPPRESSION, Governmental. SiwceJi.
[In 1795 Parliament i)a.s.sed a bill fjivin^ one
maf^istratc the pow(!r of dispersing any assend)ly,
If in his single judgment tlu; language of the
speakers was calculated to bring the Government
into contempt ;| and if tw.'lve fx-rsons remained
togetlier for one liour after being ordered to
dispj-rse, tlus olTenders were to be judged fel-
on.s, without benefit of clergy. — Knight's E\(;.,
vol. 7, ch. 18, p. 324.
3941. OPPEE88ION by Ignorance, liii'in. of
Javus I[. A.I). HiSJi. ('ulpe[)perand hiscoimcil
liad arraigned a printer for pid)lishiiig the laws,
and or(li;rcd him to print nothing till the king's
pleasure was known. . . . Tlu; best proof which
Charles II. had given of his interest in Virginia
"wns the express instruction to allow no printing-
press on any pretence \vhat(!ver. The rule Wiis
continued under James II. — IlANcnoKT'a L'. S.,
vol. 2, ch. 14.
3942. OPPRESSION resigted. 7)ir<itiou of
JTenri/ VITT. In every county a tenth wi.s de-
manded from the laity and a foiu'th from the
clergv by the royal commissioners. Jbit the de-
mand was met by a general resistance. ... A
revolt actually broke out among the weavers of
Suffolk ; the men of Cambridge banded for re-
sistance ; the Norwich clothi(!rs, though they
yielded at first, .soon tlireatened to rise. " Who
is your captain '!" the Duke of Norfolk a-sked
the crowd. " His name is Poverty," was the an-
swer, "for he and his cousin Necessity have
brought us to this doing." There wns, in
fact, a general strike of the employers. C'loth-
makers discharged their workers, farmers i)ut
away their servants. "They say the king ask-
eth so much that they be not able to do as tluy
have done before this time." Such a peasant in-
surrection as was raging in Germany wiis only
prevented by the unconditional withdrawal
of the royal demand. — Gkeen'b Eng. People,
§539.
39t:i. OPPRESSION, Royal. Witlinm the Con-
(I'uror. One of the most opjiressive measures of
William the ( 'oiKpieror was tlieenactment <if tho
forest laws, lie reserved to hims<'lf the exclu-
sive privilege of killing game tlirou^'houl all
Knglund, and eriMcted tiie most severe [M-naltic^on
all whoshoid<l attem|it it without his permission.
Not satistiei; with this severe and most impolitic
m;'asuri', William, to gratify his passion for the
chase, laid waste a coufilry of about tifly miles
in circuit, drove out all t!ie inlinliilaiits, and
threw down the villages, and even churches, to
niaUethc New Forest in il.'impshire ; tliusexter-
minating at once above one himdrcd thousand
iidiabifants, many of whom perished from fam-
ine. It is not, tlierefore. without reason that
Lord Lyttelton remarks that .\ltila himself did
not more justly deserve to be named tla; Seoiirf/fi
of (loil than this merciless Norman. It was
tins severe restriction of tln^ f()rest laws— this
mark of servitude — tiiat, abov(( every oilier cir-
cumstance, lay heavy on the English, and, in tho
reign of tin; succeeding |)rincc, excited at length
those vigorous elTorts which produced the most
favorable concessions for the geiuTal liberty. —
Tytleh's IIlst., Hook K, ch. 8, p. 1:54.
3944. OPPRESSION, Scandaloni. Irelnud. k.t>.
171)3. Such was the Ireland of Ihelrisit — acon-
(piered people, whom the victors delighted to
trample upon, and did not fear to provoke. Their
industry within the kingdom was prohibited by
law, and then they wen^ calumnii.led ii naturally
idle. Tlieir savings coiilil not be invested on
eciual terms in traile, manufactures, or real prop-
erty, (Hid they were called improvident. Tlin
gates of learning were shut on them, and they
wen; derided as ignorant. In the midst of pri-
vations they were cheerful. SiilTering for gen-
erations under acts which offered lirilM's to
treachery, their integrity was not debauched:
no son ros«! against his father, no friend betrayed
his friend. Fidelity to their religion, to which
alllictions madt! them cling mori' closely, cha.s-
tity, and respect I'or the ties of family, remained
characteristics of the down-tHHldeii race. . . .
Kelief was to come through llie coiitlicts of the;
North .\mericMn colonies with (ireat Hritaiil. —
HAN(itoi.'T's U. S., vol. 5, ch. 4.
3945. ORACLE corrupted. Atliniiiin. The
^lacedonian loudly complained of tlus Athe-
nians as having tir.st commenced hostilities ; and
tlie artful dis.semblcr | Philip], still further to
l)reserve a show of moderation, re(|tiestcd a re-
newal of Uw peace. A negoliatioii fortliat pur-
pose was prolonged by him for two years. I)e-
moslhem.'; still raised his voice for war. It was
upon this occasion that, the Athenians having
con.sulted the Delphian oracle, wliii'li advi.sed
them to make pea<'e, Demosthenes, in an ani-
mated harangue, oiM'idy insinuated that the ora-
cle was corrupted, by declaring that the Pytliid
PliiUirpkM. The elo(iuence of the orator pre-
vailed over the counsel of the hireling prve.ste.ss,
and the Athenians took the field in great force,
joined by the Thebans and their other allies. —
Tyti.eh's Hist., Book 2, ch. 3, p. 174.
3940. ORACLE, Deceptive. Grecian.. A hol-
low oak in the forest of Dodona, in which it wns
pos,sible for a man to conceal himself while the
aperture was artfully closed tip, was likewise f;.-
mous for its oracles, and the imposture was n,)
400
OltAC'LK— OUATOUV.
I< J
■•..
(loiilit rfiuiilly Ix'in'ftciul to Its priests and ullcnd
iiiitM, 'I h('>'«' wiTf cDiiiiiionly MK'ii of some nil,
wlio hail inu'i'iuiily ciidiil;!! Id iVaiiu' ciiiiivin'iil
aMMWrr.s lo 111!' (|iicHllniiH ilial were put lo lliciii ;
anti if llic iiii|iiii'rr iravc siirli runslnii'iion lo llic
rcspoiiMi' as was mo^i aLrri'i'iililr lo liiiiisi'lf, il was
p'lii'rally pos.sililc fur lln( pricsls lo coii.slriic il
aiTordini; lo llic fvcnl Siranirc ! Ilial iiini
slioiilil cviT lii'licvc Ilial if llic Dcily sliuuld sloop
lo liold intercourse widi Ids erealures, lie would
use the mean tricks and suMerfuj^cs of aju^'}j;lcr.
Y<'t llics(' oracles of the Orccks were for many
Hires in lii^li rcpnii.lion, and had cxIcnHive jio-
lilical eonseiiucnce. — Tyti,i;u's IIiht., IJook 1,
ch. 7, p. or..
51917. . Dilphir. \ cavern al Ihc
fool of Mount I'arnassiis, near I)clphi, was re-
inarkahle for cxhalini; a incphiticr vapor, which,
like that of Ihc Oroltodcl ('aid in Italy, had llii'
clfcct of stupefyiiiif and sli^fhtly convulsinic an;
licrson who came within its almosphere. Some
ini^enious men had the address lo turn lhi>' nat-
ural phenomenon lo their own advanla,i;e and the
])rolil of the n(^i!,dil)orhooo'. A temple was built
on the spot lo Apollo, the >rod of divination. A
jiricsiess was i)rocurcd whom hahit soon enabli il
to \nidcr;r'> the experiment without daiiLTer ; the
ravinir expressions which the priests probably iii-
.strucled her lo utter, and which they inler|)retcd
us they Ihoufiht fit, were received by the jMopU^
as oracles, and her visible convulsions j^ave ain-
jile testiiiKMiy to their beinjy the elfcct of inspira-
tion. — Tyti.iok's Mist., Hook 1, ch. 7, j). O").
39l«. OBACLE, Equivocal. I),lp>it>. Such
was the state of Persia when Philip prepared for
Ids jtreat enterprise by sendiiiij; his lieutenants
Altalus and Purmenio into Asia. As usual be-
fore all ex|)editioii8 of imijorlance, he consulted
the Delphic oracle, and received the following
response, equally applicuhle to the prosperous
or unsuccessful event of the war : 77//; bull is
ready crowned ; his end np]>rc>nr/it'ii, and he mill
soon be ancrifici'd. " The prophecy," stud Philip,
"is quite clear: the bull is the monurcli of
Persia." The prediction speedily found its iic-
foniplishnient, but Philip luniself was the vic-
tim.— Tyti,ku's Hist., Book 2, ch. 3, p. 177.
3940. OSATOB, The great. Demosthenea. De-
mosthenes, the prince of the Grecian orators, . . .
had no advantages of birth or education. His fa-
ther, a sword-cutler, or, lus Juvenal has termed
him, a hlacksnuth, I 'ft him an orphan at the age
of seven, to the care of profligate guardians, wlio
robbed him of his small patrimony. But he pos-
sessed that native geinus which surmounts every
disadvantage of birth or .situation. Ambition
])rompted him to the study of oratory ; for,
going one day to the court to hear the pleadings
in some cause of moment, he was so impressed
with the eloquence of Callistratus, and so tired
by the poptdar applause l)estowed on that orator
upon his gaining tin.' suit in whicdi lie had plead-
ed, that he determined from that moment that
this should be his road to eminence and distinc-
tion. Xo man, in this arduous course, ever
.struggled with greater natural obstacles, or more
happily overcame them. His voice was harsh
and uncouth, his articulation indistinct, and his
gestures awkward and constrained ; but, sensible
<if his defects, he labored night and day in pri-
vate exercises of elocution, till he completely
subdued them ; and then, contlilent of his pow>
CIS, he broke forth al once the most distinguished
orator of his age — 'I'x ri.Kii's Hist., (loi»k 'J,
ch. :i, I). 171.
:i9AO. ORATOR, Untucoeuful. Wtishini/I<>n Tn'.
iiKj. The new niinistcr was called on to attend
the dinner w liich the cili/.cns of New York gave
Dickens, at which il was decided that he must
preside, and where he did preside, with much
trepidation, making one of the shortest dinner
speeches on record. "There," he said, as he
concluded his broken .sentences by proposim;;
the health of Dickens, as Ww. gui'st of the nation
— " there ! I told you 1 should break down, and
I've done it. ' — Stoduaiid's Juvino, p. 40.
39AI. ORATORS, DangeroQi. Soawr Ji-mnn*,
[writing in favor (d' the Stamp-lax, saidj : One
method indeed has been hinted at, and but one,
that might render Ihc exercise of this power jiist
.and legal, which is the introduction ol represen-
tatives from the several colonies into that body.
But 1 have lately se<'ii so many specimens of the
great powers of speech of which these Amer-
ican geiitlemen are possessed, that 1 should bo
afraid the sudden importation of so much elo-
(pience at onc(! would endanger llu^ safety of
Kngland. It will be much cheaitcr for us to
pay their armv than their orators. — B.vnciiokt's
U.'S., vol. ,'),"cli. 11,
395a. ORATORY, Audience for. William Pitt.
It was tlu! great William Pitt, the great com-
moner, who had vaiupiished French marshal.*
in Germany and French admirals on the Atlan-
tic ; who had conqucn^d for his ('ountry ono
great emi)ire on the frozen shores of Ontario,
and anotluT under the troi)ieal sun near tlin
mouths of the Ganges. It was not in the nature
of things that popularity such as he at this time
enjoyed should he permanent. That popularity
had lost its glo.ss before his children were old
enough to understand that their father was a
great man. He was at length nlaced in situa-
tions in which neither his talents for administra-
tion nor his talents for debate appeared to the
best advantage. The energy and decision which
had ennnently fitted him for the ilireciion of
war were not needijd in time of peace. The
lofty and spirit-stirring eloquence which had
made him supreme in the Hou.se of Commons
often fell dea(l on the House of Lords.— Macau-
lay's Pitt, p. 1.
3933. ORATORY despised. Samvel Johuaon.
He would not allow nuieh merit to Whitefield's
oratory. " His popularity, sir," said he, " is
chiefly owing to the peculiarity of his manner.
He would be followed by crowds were he to
wear a night-cap in the pulpit, or were he to
preach from a tree." — Boswell's Johnson,
p, 162.
3954. ORATORY disregarded. Pulpit. [In tho
middle of the eighteenth century the eloquenco
of the English clergy] was of the tamest charac-
ter. A foreigner describes their sermons : "Tho
pulpit declamation is a most tedious monotony.
The ministers have chosen it through respect
for religion, which, as they alflrm, proves, de-
fends, and supports itself without having any
occasion for the assistance of oratory. With
regard to the truth of their assertion, I appeal to
themselves and to the progress which religioa
OUATOUV-OSTENTATION.
4(J7
iliiis liifi-'oiitoil mako<) in Eiiffliind."— KNtuiiT'a
K.Nd., v«,.. 7, ell. (J, i>. no.
nOAA. ORATORY, TMte in. SdiiiwI ^»fin»on.
Talkini; of onilory, Mr. Wilkes dcscrilM'd it h.s
accimipimifil wilii all lliti (Iiiiiiiih of pocticiil ex-
picssioii. .loiiNMo.N : "No, sir; oriitory is tlio
power of lieiiliiij;; down your iiilversary's ur^u-
nients. and piiltinL; better in their place. "
VVii.KKs : " Hut lliis does not move lln^ pas-
HJons." .loiiNHoN : " lit: iniist lie a weak man
wlio is to be (SO moved." Wii.KKs (nan.in^ni eel-
cbruted orator) : "Amid all the brilliancy of
'h imaKiii>ili<»>< ""d tlie exiibcranci^ of his
■wit, there is u stranf^e want of Iduli . h was ob-
Hcrvc'd of Anelles' Venus, that lier llesh seemed
as if slie had been nourished by roses ; bis ora-
tory wouhl sometimes make one suspect that ho
eats j)otatoe.s and drinks whiskey." — Uoswkm.'h
Johnson, p. 4<J1.
3950. ORDERS, Conflicting. ('iij,l,(iii Wii(h-
irorth. (In lt5»:{| I'Melclier, tlie (lovernorof New
York, went to Hartford to assume command of
the nulitiii of the iirovince. He bore a eommis-
nion from Kinjf William, l»ut by the terms of
the charter the riirlit of conunantlin;^ the troops
■was vested in the colony itself. 'i"h(^ ^reneral as-
Hcmbly refused to reco>,nii/.(! the authority of
Fletcher, who, nevertheless, ordered the .sol-
diers under arms, and proceeded to read his com-
mission as colonel. " Heat the drums !" sli(»uted
('aptain W'adsworlh. wlio stood at the lieaii of
the comjiany. "Silence!" said Fletcher; the
drums ceased, and tin; readiiif^ b(%'an aifain.
" Drum ! drum ! ' cried Wadsworth ; and a
second time tlie voice of tlie reiidcT was drowned
in the uproar. " Silence I Silence !" shouted the
enraged governor. Tlie dauntless Wadswortii
stepped before the ranks and said, " Colonel
Fletcher, if I am interrupted a^'ain I will let
tlie sunsiiine through your body in an instant."
That ended the controversy. Benjamin Fletcher
thought it better to \k) a living governor of New
York than a dead colonel of the Connecticut
militia.— UiDPATii's U. S., cli. 21, p. 191.
3957. ORDERS neglected. Marithal Key. Ney
was ordered to advance immediately with 40,000
men and take po.s,session of [Ciuatre-Brns, there-
l)y preventing Bluclier from re-enforcing Wel-
lington with liJO.OOO men]. . , . Had Ney brought
iij) liis force to cut off the retreat of tlie Prus-
sians, as Napoleon had ordered and expected, not
one of the enemy would have escaped, and
" Waterloo" would not have been. [Ney ar-
rived near the place, and there rested his weary
army bj' a short sle(;p, unsuspecting the activitj'
of Bluclier, who soon j)os.sessed it. Ney was
so sure of it, he reported that] he was actually
in possession. — Aubott's Napoleon B., vol. 2,
th. 27.
395S. ORDERS simple. LordMUnn. [When
Lord Nelson infornu'cl the commanders in his
fleet of his plan for the battle of Trafalgar, he
stated few .signals would be given. One direc-
tioa was worth many cmburra.ssing orders :] No
man could do wrong who placed his ship close
alongside of that of the enemy. — Knight's
Eng., vol. 7, ch. 2r), p. 44ti.
3959. ORIGIN, Humble. JhnBunyan. "1
was of a low and inconsiderable generation, my
father's house being of that rank that is meanest
and most de<«p|.spd of all families In the land."
" I never went to sehofil, to Aristotle or I'lato,
but was brought up in my father's iiouse if a
very mean coiu ition, among a compmy of poor
countrymen." " Nevertheless, I b'l'ss (}od that
by I Ids door Hebroui^hl me into tlie world to par-
j take of the grace and life that is by Christ in Hix
j (}os|)el." This is the account given of hiinself
; and his origin bv a man whose writings have for
two cci.luries afTecled the s|iiritual opinions of
the ICiiglish race in everv part of the world moro
I powerfully than any book or books, except tho
Bible. — Fiioi UK's fliNVAN, ch. 1, p. 1.
I 3900. ORGANIZATION, Perfect. S<>n,-t;i of
JiHiiH. 'V\w, establishment by Loyola was con-
temporary with the Iteformation, the progress of
which it was designed to arrest. . . . Its nuim-
bers were, by its rules, never to become prelates ;
. . . their vows were ])overly, chastity, ab.s'>lulo
obedience, and a constant rea<lini'ss to go oa
missions against heresy or heathenism. — B.VN»
iuokt's U. S., vol. !{, ch. 20.
3901. ORNAMENT, Love of. Amn-iiuni Lid
I'liitn. '{"be women . . . glittered with tufts of
brilliantly dye(i in scarlet, and string*
elk hair,
of the various kinds of shells were their jicarls
and diamoixls. TIk- summer garm<'nts of nioosa
and deer skins wen; ]iaiiite(i of many colora,
and the fairest feathers of the turkey . . . wero
curiously wrought into mantles. Tim claws of
the gri/./ly bear formed a iiroud collar for a war-
chief, . . . the wing of a red-bird . . . decoratcul
their locks. A warrior's . . . skin was also tat-
tooed with figures. . . . Sonu- had the noso
tipiM'd with blue, the eyebrows, eyes, and cheeka
tinged with black, and th(^ rest of the faea
red. . . . When thev inadf^ visits . . . they jmint-
ed themselves gloriously. — Banckokt's U. S.,
vol. a, ch. 22.
3903. ORTHOGRAPHY excused. Napoleon I.
" Do you write orthographically t" .said he one
day to his amanuensis at St. Helena. " A man
occujiied with public; business cannot attend to
orthography. His ideas must flow fiuster thaa
his hand can trace. He lias only time to place
liis points. H(! must compress words into let-
ters and phrases into words, and let the scribe*
make it out afterward. . . ." His handwriting
was composed of the most unintelligible hiero-
glyphics. He often Cduld not deciplier it hiiu*
.self. — Ahhott's Napoi.konB., vol. 1, ch. 5.
3903. OSTENTATION, Ueritless. Denwratu*.
Demaralus, the Lacediemoniaii, who was then
at court, being ordered to ask a favor, desired
that lu! might be carried through Sardis in royal
state, with a diadem u|n)n his head. But Mitli-
ropaustes, the king's cousin-german, took him by
the hand, and said, " Demaratus, this diadem
does not carry brains along with it to cover ; nor
■would you be .Jupiter, though you should take
hold of his thunder." The king was highly dis-
pleased at Demaratus for making this request,
and seemed determined never to forgive him ;
yet, at the desire of Themistocles, he was per-
suaded to be reconciled to him. — Plutauch.
3901. OSTENTATION, Oriental. Chom-oes.
[This Persian king had his] favorite residence of
Artemita, or Dastagerd, . . , beyond the Ti-
gris, about sixty miles to the north of the capi-
tal. The adjacent pastures were covered with
4(i8
nSTKNTATI<>\-(»STUA(iSM.
rn'i
i'
ti ii
rt()rk>' iiml licnln ; tho pnrmlisc <>r prirk « iix rcplcri- |
l«*h<'(l with phi'iiMiiiil-t, pciM'oc ks, (iHiriclifs, rue- |
linckM, uiiil w ilfl Ixiiirs. mikI tin' riDlilc u'litiir ol' lions ,
IUhI tilftTH WllM Hnllli'lillli'H tlirilcil liiuMC for tllr j
holder plntsiiri's of tii<> cliasi'. Niiir linmlrcd ami
sixty «>li-plianlH wcri' iiiiiliitikinril for llic iihc or
spli-iiilorof tlic iriTiil kiiii;; his |t-nt<4 and liM^j;it;.'n I
Wfr»' curried into the lirld by I'J.IMM) ^rcif caniclH j
Mid H()(N) of a Htnallir ai/.c ; and Mn- ro\ al NtnltlcH I
were ttlli'd wiHi ♦MMM) tniilcM and liorHcs, nnioni;
wlioin llic iianirs of Slichdi/. and Harid are re- j
iiowned for llieir H|M'ei| or lieaiily. Six tl.oiiHand
/,'llards .siicressively nioiuited liefore the |Mdar(' |
^itlex ; llie Merviee of the interior aparlnicniH was j
(M'rfortned hy I'J.IHM) sluves, and in the nninl)er ,
of ;tlMM) virufins, the fairest of Asia, sotne liappy i
ronellhilie rid^llt console her master for the 111(1! I
or th(! indilVerence of Sim. The various (reas- |
nrcs of >;<tld, silver, K''"'"*. silks, and aroinatics
were depositcii in a hundred siihterraneoiis
vaultrt ; and the chainli<'r Ihulmriul denoted thi!
accidental ^dft of the windrt whicli liad wafted
the spoils of lleracliiis Into one of the Syrian
harbors of his ri>'al. Tlw! vice of flattery, and
perliiipMof tlelion, is not ashamed to compute tiiu
:i(),(M)<) rich iian^'iii^rs that adorned tin; walls ; thu
4(),<MM) (U)linnns of silver, or more prohidily of
marhh', and |)iated wood, tiiat Hupported this
roof ; and the Ihoiisand globes of ^old suspend-
ed in the dome, to imilalt; the motiotis of the
planets and llie constellations of the /.odiac. —
UlKltONM lioMK, ch. 4(1, J). 4ti;{.
3»«5. OSTENTATION rebuked. J>/,i7»f,n>. " .V;/
Son, he (4KH." Amon;;lhe Macedonians | w ho went
with AI(;xaiider to JV-rsia) Philota:., the son
of Parmenio, had jjreatcr authority; i r he was
valiant and indefali;;abi(! in the field, but he. . .
utTectcd an ostentation of w(!alth and a magiutl-
cenc(! in his dress and t,al)Ie that was above the
condition of a subject. Beside, the loftiness of
his port was altou:ether extravatrant ; not tem-
pered with any natural graces, but formal and
uncouth, it exposed him both to hatred and .sus-
l)icion, insomuch that Parmenio otie day said
to him, "My son, be less." — l'i,i:i vitt it's Ai.kx-
andkk.
3»6d. OSTENTATION, Kuinous. Anthrmixs.
The .solemn iiiaULfuration of Antliemius [as em-
peror of Home] was followed bv the mii^tials of
lu.s (Iftui^hter and the [)atriciaii Flicinu'r ; a fortu-
nate event, which was considered as the tirniest
.security of the union and luii)piiicss of the stale.
The wealth of two empires w.is csKjiitatiously
displayed ; and many senators compli'ted their
ruin by an expensive effort to disguise their
poverty. All .serious busine.s.s was suspended
durini^ this festival ; the courts of ju.stice were
shut ; the .streets of Kome, the theatres, the
jilace.s of public and private resort, resounded
■with hynufueal son^s and dances ; and the royal
bride, clothed in silken robe.s, with a crownon
lier head, was conducted to the palace of Rici-
mer, who nad chan^^ed his nnlitary dress for
the habit of a consvd and a senator. — Gihbon's
Kome, ch. M, p. 491.
3967. OSTENTATION, Vain of. Romania. " But
this native splendor," sjiys Ammianus, " is de-
graded and sullied by the conduct of some no-
bles, who, unmindful of their own dignity, and
of that of their country, a.ssume an unbounded
license of vice and folly. They contend with I
each ofluT In the rmpfy vanity of titleii and mir-
names, ai'd <iirlously w'leel, or invent, the moil
lofty and sonorous appellalions, Itrburrns or
l''aliunius, PagonliH or TMriiHluH, whi< h may
impress the ears of the vulgar with astotd>hmenl
and respect, From a vain ambition of perpetu-
ating their tneinory, they affect to ninltiiily their
likeness, in statues of bronze and niarbk- ; nor
are they satisfied uidess those statues are covereil
with plates (if gold ; an honorable di-linction,
tlrst granted to Aeilius the consul, after he had
subdued, by his arms and counsels, the power
of King .Xntioehus. The ostentation of display-
ing, of magidfying, perhaps, the rent roll of the
estates which they po,s,sess in all the f)rovinces,
from the rising to the setting sun, provokcM thu
just resentment of every man, win. recollects
that their poor and invincible ancestors were not
distinguished from the meanest f)f the soldiers
by the delieacy of their food or the Hplendr)r of
their apparel, liut the modern noblc.<< measun*
their rank and consecpience according to the lofli-
tiesH of their chariots atid the weighty magnifi-
cence of their dress. Their long rolies of silk
luid purple float in the wind ; and as they are
agitated, by art or accident, they (xca.sionally
discover the luider garmentM, IIk; rich timicH,
• nd)roidered with the figures of various aidmal.v.
. . . If at any lime, but more cHpccially on u
hot <lav, they have courag(>lo .sail, in 'heir paint-
ed gall( vs, from thf! Lucrine Lake t(. their ele-
gant vili.is on the .sea-coast of I'uteoli and ( ayela,
they compare their own expetii I ions to the march-
es of Casar an<l Alexander. — tJinnoNs Ko.uk,
ch. ;i(), I). 'l-iA.
3»«W. OSTRACISM by Ballot. Atfirrii,n,.t. The
ostracism . . , was conducted in the following;
immner : every citizen took a pie(;(! of a broken
pot.ora .shell, on which h(! wrote thenimieof the
person he wanted to have bainshcd, luid carried
It to a part of the niarket-|)lace that was 'iiclosed
with wooden rails. TIk; magistrates then counted
fhemindierof the shells ; and if it amounted not
to six thousand, the o.stracism stood for nothing ;
if it did, they sorted the shells, and the person
whose name was found on the greatest ninnbcr
was declared an exile for ten vears, but with per-
mi.ssion to enjoy hisestate. — I'LUTAitcii'tt Auis-
TIUES.
!l»«0. OSTRACISM, Evils of. Atfinii,ii,)i. It
was not re((uisite tiiat a man shoidd be accused
of lUiy crime 10 deserve the sentence of thi' ostra-
cism, it was enough that ,iny per.son, either
from bis wcidth, his unconunon talents, or even
his eminent virtues, should become an object
either of envy or of pid)lic i)iai.se luid admira-
tion. When a citizen had arrived at that degree
of cn>dit as to fall imder cither of those descrip-
tions, and to offend by too nuich jiopularity,
any individual of the j)eoi)le might demand an
ostracism. The ceremony was this : every citizen
who chose took a xhcll or piece of tile, on which,
having written the name of the per.son in his
opinion the most obnoxious, he carried it to a
certain ])lace in the fori n, which was enclos«'d
with rails, and had ten gates, for ten trilM's.
Officers were apixnnted to totint the miml)er of
h/u'IIk ; for if they were fewer than six thousand,
the vote did not take place. . . . Thus we find,
in thecours<; of the history of this republic, that
virtue, without the imputation or suspicion ot
()1'T('AST-PA(J.\NISM
4(i0
iimliltlmin vl(!wn, wiiM fr<>»|ii('nlly i\\v vlrtlni of
IIiIm iMTiiicioiiM law. Il wiiN cniMi^'i Unit AiIm
ti<l*>M hy liiM virtiK'M liml iix'riliMl tlie ^loiiuiis riii
tlii'l of Jimt; that cpillitt, in llic lytN of tlir
Atliciiiitn iN'opIc, wiiM Hiilllcirrit crini)'. VVIicii
Aristiili-K liitiiHcIt' wuh |>iiM.Hiii^ liy, nii illilcriilc
riiHli<' r<'i|iii'HU'il liirii Id writi' upon hJM hIhII Ihr
niinicol ArMiiJiM. Wliy, wlml liiitin, rny tricnil,
.siilil llir (iiIkt, has AriMtidi'M ilonc ymi '; None
in till' wiirlii, ri'iilicii (lie rjown ; init I lialr to
lii-ar cviryl'ody <'ali lilm tin' Jiixt. 'i'liiii'Vilidrs,
Ironi wlioii. Alin'iis liaii ncclvcd Ilic inosl erni-
ticnl st'ivici'M, at li'Mtrlli llir viclini ol' (iMinici.sin.
('otnpoMrd in liin cxilr liint liisiory in wiiicli lie
ri'cordN llic fume of jiis iin^fralcfid coiinlrv.—
TVII.KU'.-* lllHI-.. Ilouk 1, (il. I(», p. 101.
:iftrO. OU fCABT for Religion. IIV///>///, r,,in.
,A.i>. 1(1)17. In Irt'land . . . llic undying' (irrsol'
rnlliUHlasni at once lila/.<'(i up williln liiin, ami lie
rcnounci'd rvcry liopir for tin- path of inl<'|ri'ilv
. . . " wiicn iilMtut two and Iwcniy ycar.t of up'.
. . . 114'turiiin;.^ to Ktiji^land, lie encountered liillcr
in(M'kiei;r« and wot ninjjs, tlie invecl'ves of llic
prieHlM, tiie Htrani^cneMHof all his old eoiiipanions,
. . . and liiH father, in iiiip'r, turned hini penni
leas out of dwors, 'riie oiitiiast, saved from <'X-
tn-nu' indi^^unce liy a mother's loudness, bccaiiK'
an author ; ... in the heyday of youth was eon-
Hi^ned to a lon<; .ind close im|irisoinnent in the
Tower. Mis olTcnce was heresy. — U.v.mkokt'm
I'. H.. vol. 2, eh. 1(1.
it»7t OUTRAGE, Horrible. A/hoin. |'i'he
liomlhtrd kin^, a. i>. 57!!. | AII>oin fell a sacrilit e
to doincsJic tnjHson and female roveii;;e. In a
l)aliu;e near Verona, which had not Itecn "nfcled
for tlie liarlnirians, he fettsted the comnanions of
his ur.ns ; into,\ication wits ihe n'ward of valor,
Ktid 11 kin^ himself was tempted, liy appetite
or viiiti. , , to excc('d the ordi;iii;y measure of his
int<>mpcraiu'f. After draining many capacious
howls o Hhii'tian or Falernian v.ine, he called
for (heskuil of C'unimund. tlu- nolilest and most
])recious ornuiiu'iit of his sidehoard. The cup of
victory wasacce|)ted with horrid ajiplaus- by the
< ircle of the FiOmhurd chiefs. " Fill it ajfnin witli
wine,"excluimed Ihe inhuman con(|ueror — " lill
il to Ihe liri II : carry this /robic) to iIk; queen,
and reijuest in n.y name that .she would rejoice
with licr father." In an ai^oiiy of ^rief and ra^^-,
IJosamond had streiiLttli to utter, " I.el the will
of my lord he olieyi d !" and, toucliinu' it with
her lips, pronounceil a silent imprecation, that
the insult .should he washed away in the lilood
of Allioin. — (iiiJitoN's Ito.MK, ell. •1.'), p. ;{i»7.
307'2. OUTRAGE, Reaction of. J'»in of Arc.
The arms of Charles (V'I1.| piiiusl more advaii-
tajfe hy the d(!atli of this heroine than, jierhaps,
they had done by her life ; for this jiiece of cru-
elly contributed to render th*i f^ovenimeiit of the
Mnj^lish extremely odious, CharleH was every
day makitifj some new con((uest. thoujrh it cost
liim fifteen year.s before he made Iuk entry into
Pari.s. and almost as many more before the Enj;-
]i.sh were entirely driven out of France. — Tyt-
j.Ku's Hist., liook (I, cli. Hi, p. 200.
3073. OUTRAGE reeented. Parent. Appius
[one of the decx-mviri], sittiiijf in judj^meut in his
tribunal, had cast hi.s eyes ujnjn a younj'; woman
of uncommon beauty, who daily pussid throi.^h
the forum, on her way to the public schools. Vir-
ginia, a maiden of ttfteen years of a^e, was the
diiUKliter of a plelielun, a centurion, at that llni»
absent with the armv. Appius had been inforinvd
of her situatio' , she wiim bctrolhed to IcIIIun,
formerly one of the tribuneH, then serviii^r a^odiist
the enemy, and their inarriap- was to be cele-
brated as mooii as therampaiirn vsasat an end;
an oliMMcle which MTved only to iiicreuxe the
|iasHion of this tla^itious ma^'-i.sti'ate, w ho deter-
mined, at all hazards, to S4'cui'e her as his prcv.
After many fruitlcMs allen'ols to corrupt tfui
tidelily of those domestics to whom Vil'^inius
had left Ihe charge of his daughter (for she had
lost licr mother), Appius devised a scheme v\hi< h
he thought could not fail to put Virginia entire-
Iv wilhin his power, licemiiloycd MarciiHClaii-
iliiis, one of Ills dependents, an iid'ainoiis hint
shameless man. to claim the M'Mn<; woman as
his own ])roperty. Marcus pretended that hIid
was the < laughter of one of his feiiiaU slaves, who
had r old her when an infant to the w lie of Vir-
^iiiius, v\ ho had no (liildren. lie then'fore pn--
teiiduil to reclaim w hat was hisown, aiul altemi)!-
ed by force to carry her home to his lioiiw. [ ller
father reiui'iicd from the army to jtrotect her.
Jle proved ber parentage.) Ajipius was not toUi
tins foiled. With the most unparall'led elTront-
t'ly, he stood forth as a witness as we'l as ii
judge, deilaring that it was consistent w th IiIh
own knowledge that the jilea of Marcus was
true, lie therefore gnv(! his final sentence, that
the slave should be delivered up to her lawful
master, and ordered his olllcers to enforce, with-
out delay, Ihe eACcution of his decree. The sol-
diers were removing Ih-ciowd, and Marcus, to-
gether vsiili the iictors, was advancing to seize
Virginia, who clung for protection aroumi the
neck of her father. " 'J'liere is," .said he, " butono
way, my dear cliild, lo savi' thy honor and jire-
s«'rve thy lilu'rt"." Then seizing a knifes from
the stall of a buulier — " Thus," said he, striking
her to the heart — " I'lus 1 send thee to thy fore-
fathers, unpolluted .iiid a free woman." 'i'licn
turning to the iril al of Appius, " Thou mon-
ster !" cried he, " with this blood I devoU; thy
head to the inf< rnal go<ls !" Ajipius, in a trans-
port of rage, called (lit to the Iictors to seize
Virginiiis ; but he, rushing out from tla "oriim,
and making way for himself with the knife which
lie held in his hand, while the multitude favored
his e.-ica|ie, got .safe without thecity, and arrived
ilia few hours at the camp. — TvTi.i:n's llisr.,
Hook ;{, ch. T), p. ml.
3»r.|. PAGANISM injurions. IVVv. The pagan
religion had no inlluence towiird rclining or im-
)>roving Ihe morals of mankind. The only al-
tribules wliich distinguishe<i the heathen gods
from Ihe race of onliniirv nien were their power
and their immortality. 'iMiey were endowed with
the same passions as human creatures, and tliost*
distinguishing attributes of power and immor-
tality served, in general, only to extend the
nicKsure and Ihe encrmily of their vices. The ex-
aini>le of their govls was, therefore, an incentive
to rirc in.slead of rirtite ; and those riles with
which niaii,v of them were worshipiK'd, and
which were conceived to be jieculiarly accejita-
ble to them, were often the grossest violation.s
not onlvof (itirnri/ but of hitiitunity. — Tyti,er"b
Hist.. Hook 1, di. 1, p. 1
3975. PAGANISM overthrown. 7?y Alaric. The
songs of Homer ami the ftune of AchiUos hud
470
PALNTEU-PANIC.
!i
probably never reached the oar nf the illiterate
barbarian ; arifl the ('/iriKtian faith, which he
ha('. devoutly embraced, tai!|j;ht him to despise;
the !maf,dtii;ry deities of Uoiiie and Athens. The
invasion of the Uoths, instead of vindicatint? Hic-
honor, contributed, at least accidentally, to ex-
tirpute the last remains of ])aga:nsm ; and th((
luysteri.'K' f ("eres, which had subsisted eit;ht<'en
liundred yeurs, did not survive tiii' deslructioii
of Eleusis atid the ''alandties of Greece. — Uin-
jjon's Uomk, ch. :5(), p. 19.j.
307tf. PAINTER, Celebrated. lln/noUh. Sir
Joshua Ueynolds was th" lirst Enu;lislini:in who
added the praise of the elegant arts to the otln r
/^lories of his toimtry. — ICmuut's En(;., vol. 7,
ch. 4, p. 67.
3977. PAINTING illustrates. Samuel Juhn-
»»i. V/hen 1 otwerved to him that ])ainting was
so far inferior to poetry that the story, or even
<!niblem whicli it comnumicates, must be previ-
ously known, and mentioned, as a natural and
laughable instance of this, that a little mi.ss, on
Beein^ a picture of .Justice with tiie scales, had
exclauned to me, " See, there's a woman .selling
sweetmeats;" lie said, "Painting, sir, can illus-
trate, but caiujot inform." — BoswEi.i.'s Joii.v-
BON, p .5;j().
397 JJ. PALACE, A humble. Turt<ir.i. The
hcn.ses of the Tartars are no more than small
tents, of an oval form, which alTord a colil and
dirty habitation for the promiscuous youth of
both .i.xes. The palaces of the rich consist of
wooden huts, of such a size that they may be
conveniently fixed on la. ge wagon.s, and drawn
by a team perhaps of twenty or thirty oxen. —
Gibbon's Ho.mk, ch. 26, p. 7.
3979. PANIC by Contraction. Finn n c ia I.
In the first year of Van JJuren's adminiskraticn
the coimtry was attiicted with a monetary panic
«)f the most serious character. The preceding
years had been a time of great prosjierity. The
national debt was entirely liquidated, and a sur-
plus of nearly .|40,000,000 had accumulated in
the trea.sury of the United States. By act of
Congress this vast .sum had been distributed
among the several States. Owing to the abun-
dance of money, speculations of all sorts grew
rife. The credit .system pervaded every dejjart-
ment of business. The banks of the country
■were suddenly multiplied to nearly seven hun-
dred. Viust issues of irredeemable paper money
stimulated the speculative spirit and increased
the opportunities for fraud. The bills of these
unsound banks were receivable at the land of-
fices, and settlers and speculators made a rush to
secure the public lands while money was plenti-
ful. Seeing that in receiving such an un.sound
currency in exchange for tlie national domain
the Government was likelj' to be defrauded out
of millions. President .Jackson had issued an or-
der called the Specie Circular, by whicli the land
agents were directed henceforth to receive noth-
ing but coin in payment for the lands. The
effects of this circular came upon the nation in
the first year of Van Buren's administration.
The interests of the Government had been se-
cured by Jackson's vigilance, but the business of
the country was prostrated by the shock. The
banks suspended specie payment ; mercantile
houses failed, and disaster swept through eveiy
avenue of trade. During the months of March I
and April, 18;}7, 'he failures in Svw York and
New Oceans amounted to about )|iir)(),0(M).00().
A committee of business men from the former
city besought the President to rescind the specio
circular and to call a special session of Congress.
The former recjuest was refused and the latt^T
complied wiih ; but not until the executive was
driv((n bv the distresses of the country. — Uii>
TATu's L*. S., ch. .').■), p. 8;J7.
39S0. PANIC, Financial. riiHed Stafe», Ifil^.
In the autumn of 1H7!5 occurred one of the most,
disastrous fiiianci'il panics known in the history
of the United States. The aliuin was gi vc.i by tho
failure of the great banking-lioust^ of Jay (Jooko
^ (.'onii)any, of Philadelphia. Other "failures
followed in ra])id succession. Depositors every-
where hurried to the banks and withdrew their
money and securities. Business was suddenly
])araly/('d. and many months elajjsed before con-
tidcnce was sulliciently restori'd to enable mer-
chants and bankers to engage in the usual trans-
actions of trade. The primary cause of the
panic was the fluctuation in the volume and
value of the national currency. Out of this had
ari.sen a wild spirit of speculation, A'hich .sapped
the foundations of business, destroyed financial
confidence, and ended in disaster. — liiDPATu'a
U. S., ch 68, p. .^O.
39SI. . Eixjland. In September
and October [of 1847] there had been such a
})re.ssure upon the merchants and trader's as hafl
n;;t 'i en experienced since the great jianic of
182 "Mercantile houses in London of the high-
est inence suspendiil their payments. Cor-
responding disasters occurred at Manchester,
Liverpool, and Glasgow. All the usual accom-
modation in the money market was at r.n end.
In October the alarm spread into a general panic:
the crash of eminent houses in London went on ;
in the country not only mercantile firms but
banks were failing ; the fviuds fell rapidly ; the
exchequer bills wereataingh rate of discount. —
Knight's En(K, vol. 8, ch. 30, p. 552.
3982. PANIC, Needless, licign of Charles IL
[The infamous Titus Oates announced a Popish
plot.] The capital and the whole nation went
mad with hatred and fear. The penal laws,
which had begun to lose something of their edge,
were sharpened anev.'. Everywhere justices
were busied in .searching houses and seizing pa-
pers. All the jails were filled with papists.
London had the aspect of a city in a state of
.siege. The train-bands were imder arms all
niglit. Preparations were made for barricading
the great thoroughfares. Patrols marched \\\y
and down the streets. Cannon were jilanted
round Whitehall. No citizen thought himself
safe unless he carried under his coat a small flail
loaded with lead to brain the popish ass'xssins. —
Macaulay'8 Eng., ch. 2, p. 219.
3983. PANIC, Night of. Fliyht of Jamex TL
Ju.st at this time arose a whisper which swelled
fast into a fearful clamor, passed in an hour
from Piccadilly to White Chapel, and spread into
every street and alley of the capital. It was said
that the Irish whom Feversham had let loose
were marching on London, and massacring every
man, woman, and child on the road. At one in
the morning the drums of the militia beat t"
arms. Everywhere terrified women were weep-
ing and wringing their hands, while their fathers
mi
PANIC— PAUA1)18K.
471
iiiul husbands were ('(juippinf; themsolvcs for
lijjht. Ik'forc f.vo tl\e capitf.l wore a face of
stern preparedness which niijrht well have daunt-
ed a real enemy, if stuh an enemy had been ap-
])roachinf>;. Candles were blazing; at all the win-
<lo\v&. The public places were as brij^rht as at
noonday. All the great avenues were barricad-
ed. Alorc than 20,000 pikes and nniskets lined
the streets. The late da^'break of the winter
solstice found the whole city still in arms. Dur-
ing many years tiie Londoners retained a vivid
recollection of what they called tlu^ Irish night.
AVhen it was known that tliere had beer, no cause
of alarm, attempts were made to discover the ori-
gin of the rumor which had produced so mudi
agitation. — Macaui.ay's Eno., cli. 10, p. 511).
39S4. PANIC, Unexpected. Enf/llxh, 1825. [It
wius prec<!de(l by a period of unusual prosijcr'ty.
On the 3d of January the Royal speech to I'ar-
liament exulted over it.] " I'here never was a
period in the lu'story of this country when all
the great interests of the nation wenMit t)ie sanu;
time in so thriving a condition." On the 2d of
February he laments the evilsof " the pecuniary
<risi8. . . . The pecuniary crisis was indeed
the mo.st unexpected, the most astounding, and
the most severe in its consequences ever i)ro-
duced by extravagant liopes and exaggerated
alarms. This pecuniary crisis uuiversally ob-
tained the name of ' Tlie Punic' ... It was
described by Mr. Hu.skisson as ' such a com-
plete suspension of all confidence as contradis-
tinguished from commercial distress. ... If the
difficulties which existed in the money market
li.ad continued only forty -eight hours longer, . . .
the effect would have been to put a stop to all
dealings between man and man, except by way
of barter." . . . Before the close of the year sev-
enty-three banks had failed. . . . The total num-
ber of bankruptcies in 182.5 was h little above
eleven hundred ; in 1826 it was nearly two
thousand six hundred." — Knight's Eng., vol. 8,
ch. 11, p. 197.
398S. FANTOHIHE in Jurisprudence. Roman.
Among savage nations the want of letters is im-
perfectly supplied by the luse of vi.sible signs,
which awaken attention and perpetuate the re-
membrance of any public or private tran.saction.
The jurisprudence of the first Romans exhibited
the sceucd of a pantomime ; the words were
adapted to the gestures, and the slightest error
or neglect in the forvis of proceeding was suffi-
cient to annul the substance! of the fairest claim.
The communion of the marriage-life was denoted
by the necessary elements of fire and water ; and
the divorced wife resigned the bunch of keys,
by the delivery of which she has been invested
with the government of the family. The manu-
mission of a son or a slave was performed by
turning him round with a gentle blow on the
cheek ; a work was prohibited by the ca.sting of
a stone ; prescription was interrupted by the
breaking of a branch ; the clinched list was the
symbol of a pledge or deposit ; the right hand
was the gift of faith and confidence. The in-
denture of covenants was a broken straw; weights
and scales were introduced into every j)aynient,
ard the heir who accepted a testament was some-
times obliged to snap his lingers, to cast away
bis g.arments, and to leap and dance with real
or affected transport. If a citizen pursued any
stolen goods into a ncigh!)or's house, he crmcoal-
cd his nakedness with a linen towel, and hid his
face with a mask or basin, lest he should en-
counter the eyes of a virgin or a matron. In a
civil action the; plaintiff touched the ear of his
witness, .seized his reluctant adversary by the
neck, and implored, in solemn lamentation, the
aid of his fellow-citizens. The two coinjietitors
grasped each other's hand as if they stood pre-
pari'd for coml)at befon^ the tribunal of the
l)nitor ; he commanded tlieiu to i)ro(hice the ob-
ject of the dispute ; they went, iiiey returned
with measured steps, and a clod of earth was cast
at his feet to represent the field for which they
contended. — Giuhon's Romk, xli. 44, p. 317.
39§6. PAPACY scandalized. Marozia. Ma-
rozia, the mistress of ISergius III., and her sister
Theodora, two women of the most •bai'doned
and Hagitious character, now ruled everything
in Rome; and maintaining their asc'iulency by
the most detestable crimes, and murders without
end, they tilled the pontifical chair in rai)id and
monstrous succession with their i>aramours or
their adulterous offspring. — Tytleu's Hist.,
Book 6, ch. 4, p. 101
3917. PAPER, Wealth by. //) FJi/i/pt. Fir-
mus, the friend and ally, as he i)r()U(lly styled
liimself, of OdenathusaiKl Zen<jbia, was no more
than a wealthy merchant of Egypt. In the
course of his trade to India he had formed very
intimate comiections with tlu' Saracens and the
Blemmves, whose situation on either coast of
the Reel Sea gave them an easy introduction into
the Upper Egypt. The Egyptians he inflamed
with the hope of freed(mi, and, at the head of
their furious nuiltitude, broke into the city of
Alexandria, where he assumed the imperial
purple, coined money, published edicts, and
rai.sed an army, which, as he vainly boasted, he
was capable of maintaining from the sole profits
of his paper trade. Such troops were a feeble
defence against the apjjroach of Aurelian ; and
it seems almost unnecessary to relate that Fir-
mus was routed, taken, tortured, and put to
death. — Gihuon's Romk, ch. 11, n. 3.'58.
39S§. PABADISE, The drunkard's. Ancient
Germans. Some tribes of the north seem to have
embraced the doctrine of transmigration ; others
imagined a gross paradise of immortal drunken-
ness. — Gibuon's Rome, ch. 95, p. 271.
39§9. PABADISE, Earthly. BamnHcm. Ti-
•mour [the Tartar, reposed,] as was his custom, his
army in the plain of Damascus, called one of the
four pnradma of the earth. The jilain of Damas-
cus, shaded by its orchards, refreshed by its run-
ning waters ; the valley of Bevivan, in Persia ;
the valley of the Euphrates, below Bagdad ; and,
in fine, the fertile and humid plain of Samar-
cand, were '> the eyes of the Tartars the four
paradises piomi.sed to their nation. They took
plea.sure in traversing them and halting thereby
turns.— Lamahtink'8 Tlukky, p. 325.
3990. PABADISE, Language of. Ai/nhirrnn
tfie Permtn. At his conuuand the most cele-
brated writers of Greece and India were trans-
lated into the Persian language ; a smooth and
elegant idiom, recommended by Mahomet to the
use of paradise ; though it is branded with the
epithets of savage and unmusical by the igno-
rance and presumption of Agathias. — Gibbonu
Rome, ch. 42, p. 216.
1
I
m
in
PARADISE— PARDON.
W i
»90I.PABADIS£, Haaaalmani'. Fire. The
>IusKiilinai)s born in the mountains and vallevM
of Asia, the sons of Hhephcnls, have brought with
Ihein into their very palaces the memory, the
images, the passion of rural nature ; they love
lier too much to beileek her. A woman, a horse,
a weapon, a fountain, a tree — sueh are the five
paradises of the children of (Jthmaii. — L.vm.au-
tink's Tuhkkv, p. IT).
3992. PARADISE, Seninal. Mohnminedan. It
is natural enougli tliat an Arabian proi)het
sliould dwell with rapture on the groves, the
fountains, and the rivers of i)aradise but instead
of insjiiring the blessed lidiabitantSTritlui liberal
tust« for harmony and s(;ience, conversation and
friendship, he idly celebrates tlie pearls end dia-
monds, the rolK.'s of silk, palaces of marble,
dishes of gold, uv\\ wines, artiliclal dainties,
numerous attendants, and the whole train of
sensual and costly luxury, which Ix'conies in-
sipid to the owner, even in the short period of
this mortal life. Heventy-two Jlourix, or black-
eyed girls, of resplendent beauty, blooming
youth, virgin purity, and exquisite sensibility,
will be created for the use of tlie meanest l>e-
liever ; a moment of pleasure will be prolonged
\n a thousand years, and his faculties will be in-
creased a hundrc'd-fold, to render him worthv of
his felicity. Notwithstanding a vulgar prejudice,
the gates of lieavenwill be open to both sexes ;
but Mahomet has not specified the male com-
panions of the female-elect, lest he sliould either
alarm the jealousy of their former husbands or
disturb their felicity by the suspicion of an ever-
lasting marriage. This image of a carnal para-
dise lias provoked the indignation, perhaps the
envy, of the monks ; they declaim agaiust the
impure religion of Mahomet ; and his modest
apologists are driven to the poor excuse of figures
and allegories. But the sounder and more con-
sistent party adhere, without shame, to the literal
interpretation of the Koran ; useless would be
the resurrection of the bod3^ unless it were re-
stored to the possession and exercise of its
worthiest faculties ; and the union of sensual
and intellectual enjoyment is requisite to com-
]>Iete the happiness of the double animal, tlie
jierfcft man. — GuiBON's lioin:, vol. o, cli. fit),
p. 119.
3993. PAKADISE, A strange. Mohammedan.
The sieges and battles of six campaigns had con-
sumed many thousands of the Moslems. They
died with the reputation and the cheerfulness of
martyrs ; and the .simplicity of their faith may
be expressed in the words of an Arabian youth,
when he embraced, for the last time, his sister
and mother : "It is not," said he, " ihe delica-
cies of Syria or the fading delights of this world
that have prompted me to devote my life in the
cause of religion. But I seek the favor of God
and Ilis apostles ; and I have heard, from one of
the companions of ilie prophet, that the spirits of
the martyrs will b lodged in the crops of green
birds, who shall iste the fruits and drink of
the rivei-s of par se. Farewell, we shall meet
again among tht groves and fountains whicii
God has provided for His elect." — GiBiiON's
Home, ch. 51, p. 216.
3994. PAKDON declined. Remhttwnists. a.d.
1776. Patterson, . . . the British adjutant-gen-
eral, was allowed to enter the American camp.
. . . lie asked to have his visit accepted as the
first advanc(! from the commissioners for restor-
ing peace, and a.s.serted lliat they had great Dov/-
ers. " From what apju^ars," rejoined Wa.shing-
ton, "they have power only Xo grant pardons;
having committe(l no fault, we need no pardon ;
we are only defending what we (Uk'Hi to Ik; our
indisputable rights." — Bamhokt's U. 8., vol. 9,
C.i. 1.
3993. . By the Luwreut. [When
Lord Howe arrived olF New York in July
(1776) he addressed a letter to Dr. P'ranklin as
"his worthy friend," al.so odlciai dispatches,
which were conciliatory in their design.] Frank-
lin replied in like spirit of former fnendsliip,
but said as the dispatches only showed that Lord
Howe was to offer pardon upon submission, he
was sure it must give his lordship pain to bo
sent so far ui)on so hopeless a business. —
K.MdHTs KN(i., vol. 6, ch. 23, p. 272.
3996. PABDON, Hopeless of. Ayloffe. [Ay-
loffe was engaged in the Scotch reliellion under
the Duke of Argjil.] He was taken prisoner,
and carried to Glasgow. ... A story was current
among the Whigs that the king [James II.] wud,
" You had better be frank with me, Mr. Ayloffe.
Y'ou know that it is in my power to pardon you."
Tlien, it was rumored, the captive broke his sul-
len silence, and answered, "It may be in your
]K)vver, but it is not in your nature." He was
executed under his old outlawry before the gate
of the Temple, and died with stoical con>posure.
— Mac.\ul.\y'8 Eno., ch. 5, p. 527.
3997. PASSOK made Odious. James 11. No
English .sovereign has ever given stronger proofs
of a cruel nature than James II. ; yet his cruelty
was not more odious than his mercy ; or, per-
haps, it may be more correct to say that his mer-
cy and his cruelty were such that each reflects
infamy on the other. Our liorror at the fate of
the simple clowns, the young lads, the delicate
women, to whom he was inexorably severe, is
increa.sed when we find to whom and for what
considerations he granted pardon. — Macaulay's
Enc;., ch. 5, p. 607.
399S. PAEDON, Plea for. Kapokon I. [Gen-
eral Lajolais had been condemned to death for
participating in the Bourton conspiracy to as-
sassinate Napoleon.] His only daughter, four-
teen years old, who was remarkably beautiful,
. . . without communicating her intentions to
any one, set out alone and on foot for Bt.
Cloud. . . . By her youth, her beauty, her tears,
and her woe she [gained access to Josephine and
her daughter Hortense]. . . . Napoleon had
said . . . iK'titions must be in writing. . . . They
contrived to introduce her to the presence of
Napoleon as he was passing through one of the
apartments of the palace. . . . The fragile child,
in a delirium of emotion, rushed before him,
precipitated herself at his feet, and exclaimed,
" Pardon, sire 1 pardon for my father !" Napo-
leon, suri)rised, . . . exclaimed, " I have said that
I wish for no such scenes. . . . Leave me, miss !"
8o .saying, he turned to pass from her ; but the
child threw her arms around his knees, and . . .
with tears and agony ... in eveiy feature . . ,
exclaimed, " Pardon ! pardon i pardon 1 it is for
my father !" " And who is your father ? . . . Who
are j'ou ?" "I am Miss Lajolais,
and my
father is doomed to die." ..." Well, my child 1
PARDON— PAUIIICIDE.
473
yes ! For your sake I will forgive your father."
. . . Till' .sui)pliiint fainted tmn fell to the tloor.
[In i)ris()n she fell upon her fatlier's neck, unal)le
to speak. Hhc fell into uneon.seiou.sne.ss, and
when revived was a liopeless maniac.] — Ab-
bott's N.vi'OLEON B. , vol. 1, ch. 27.
30fM>. PARDON, Forohase of. Emkncc. [.v.n.
14.")(i-148r).] One testator wi.slies that a Latin .sen-
tence should be written " on the forepart of the
iron aiu>ut my grave," with " the day and the
year of the Lord of my departing from this
world, and the pardon that I purcha.sed to be
written therewith." — Knkhit'h Eno., vol. 2,
ch. H, p. 127.
4000. PARDON without Reformation. Goo-
erniiK lit. (!apt. .John Nutt was one of the most
daring sea-devils of that lawless time. He was
an untakable man, and he had several pirate
ships, lie commenced his career ps gunner
of a ves.sel in Dartmouth harbor boimd for the
Newfoundland .seas. Coming to Newfoundland,
he collected a crew of pleasant fellows like him-
self ; they seized a French ship, also a large
Plymouth ship, then a Flemish sliip, and, with
these gay rovers, he played otT his depredations
on the fishing craft of the Ntnvfoundland seas,
and came back, too strong for capture, to the
western coasts of England. Arrived there, this
worthy played oiT new devilries : lie tempted
men from the king's service by the iiromise of
higher wages, and — what, alas ! might easily be
jiromisf'd in those dreary days— mon; certain pay-
ment ; he hung about Torbay, laughed at threats,
.si'otTed at promises of pardon, although more
than one offer liad been made conditionally. The
whole western country was in a state of dread,
and municipalities poured their entreaties upon
the council and upon Eliot in his ofBce of vice-
admiral. . . . [The pirate was pardoned and
honored, the faithful admiral was dishonored by
the government. It was the work of bribery.]
— Hood's Cromwell, ch. !}, p. 50.
4001 . PARDON by Sympathy. Ahrnhnn Lin-
coln. A poor woman from Philadelphia had
been waiting, with a baby in her arms, for three
days to see the President. [Her husl)and had de-
serted, and was sentenced to be shot.] Late in the
afternoon of the third day ... lie heard the baby
cry. " He . . . rang the bell. ' Daniel,' said he,
' is there a woman with a baby in the anteroom ?'
I said there was, and if he would allow me to .say
it, I thought it was a case he ought to .see, for it
was a matterof life and death. Said he, '8endlier
at once.' . . . The President pardoned her hus-
band. As she came out from his presence her eyes
were lifted and her lips moving in prayer, the
tears streaming down her cheeks." Said Daniel,
" I went up to her, and pulling her sliawl, said,
' Madam, it was the baby that did it ! '" — Hay-
MONu's Lincoln, p. 737.
4003. PARENT, A disappointed. John Howard.
For seven years ho lived in the country with his
wife. Nothing was wanting to his happiness but
children, which, for seven j'ears, were denied
him. Then a son was born, who filled uj) the
measure of his joy. A few days after the birth
of this child he left his wife in the morning to
go to church, she being apparently as well as
could be expected. On his return lie found her
indisposed, and a few minutes after, as he was
handing her a cup of chocolate, she fell back
upon her pillow, and immediately breathed her
last. . . . The boy, whom he had obtained at the
price of his hajipiness, was a large and healthy
child ; it lived to be the consoler of his .solitude,
but finally the siiame and mi.sery of his old age.
— CvcLoi'KDi.v OK Bior, , p. 40.
400.1. PARENTS, P, mr of. liomnn. The
fiaternal power was instituted or confirmed by
{omulus himself ; and, after the practice of three
centuries, it was inscribed on the fourth table of
the Decemvirs. In the forum, the Senate, or the
camp the adult son of a Uoman citizen enjoyed
the jiublic and private rights of a pernon ; in his
father's house he was a mere //(///,</ /con founded
by the laws with ilw movables, the cattle, and the
slaves, whom the capricious master ni'ght alien-
ate or destroy, without being responsible to any
earthly tribunal. The hand which liestowed the
daily sustenance; might resume the voluntary jjift,
and whatever was acejuired liy the labor or fort-
une of the son was immediately lost in the prop-
ertv of the father. — Gihuon's Home, ch. 44,
T). 341.
4001. PARENTS, Sacrifice of. (Jhinene. Ninety
rC'liinesc] cities were s'ormed, or .starved, by the
^I()guls ; ten only escaped ; and Zingis [their
commander], from a knowledge of the filial piety
of the Chinese, covered his vanguard with their
captive parents ; an unworthy, and by degrees a
fruitless, abuse; of the virtue; of his enemies. —
Gihuon's Rome, ch. 04, p. 209.
4005. PARENTS, Sorrow of. Ifturn IT.
[About 1 189 Richard, .son of the great Henry II.,
joined the French king, Philip II., against his
father. Three other sons were also rebels against
their father, and onlj his youngest .son, .lolin, re-
mained at his court.] Philip and Richard took
his castles, while Henry remained in a condition
of unusual supineness. He was now broken in
spirit. . . . He yielded almost without a struggle
to the demands that were made upon him. . . .
Throu^Iiout these unnatural conflicts he had rest-
ed his hopes upon his beloved John, to whom ho
had required Ids seneschal to deliver his castles
in the event of Ids death. . , . He asked for the
names of those barons who had joined the French
king. The first name he saw was .lolin. He read
no more. The world and all its troubles and hopes
faded from his view. He turned his face to the
wall, and exclaimed, "' Let everything go as it
will.". . . His great heart was broken. On the
6th of July, 1189, Ilenrj- II. was no more. — •
Knt'iiit's Eng., vol. 1, ch. 21, p. 304.
4000. PARRICIDE, Crime of. Impossible.
Romulus api)ointed no punishment for actual
parricides, but called all murder jiarricide, look-
ing upon tills as abominable, and the other as im-
possible. For many ages, indeed, he seemed to
have judged rightly ; no one was guilty of that
crime in Rome for almost six hundreei years ; and
Lucius Ostius, after the wars of Hannibal, is re
corded to have been the first that nuirdered his
father. — Plut.micii's Romulvs.
4007. PARRICIDE, Punishment of. Romans.
The parricide, who violated the duties of nature
and gratitude, was ca.st into the river or the sea,
enclosed in a sack ; and a cock, a viper, a dog,
and a monkey were successively added, as the
most suitable companions. — Glbbon's Romb,
ch. 44, p 371.
J:
471
I'AliSIMONV— PAHTIES.
!
!
400N. PAE8IM0NY, Co«tly. J<in,<H TT. [It
was custoinary at tlic coronalioii of the kiii<; to
arraiij,ro a splendid proccssidii and to ride in statf
from t ho Tower to Westminster.] Jumesordered
an estimate lo l)e made of tlie cost of siidi a Jjfo-
cession, and found that it would amount to about
half as nuieli as he |)roposed to expend in cover-
ing his wife with trinkets, lie accordingly deter-
mined lo he |)rofuse where heoughl tolmve been
frugal, and niggardly wiicre he might pardonably
have been ])rofuse. Moretlian a hundred thou-
sand poiuids were laid out in dressing the queen,
iind the procession from the Tower was omitted.
The folly of this course is obvious. — Macau-
lay's E\(i., eh. 4, p. JIW.
400». PAKTIALITY evinced. James IT. [He
determined to overthrow the I'rotestant faith.]
All the special dispensations whidihe had grant-
ed had been granted to Roman Catliolics. All
the laws which bore hardest on the Presl)yt('rians,
Indeiiendents, and Hapti.-ls had l)een for a time
severely executed by him. While Males com-
manded a reginuiiit, whih; Powis sat at the coun-
cil board, whih; Massey held a deanery, while
breviai'icsand mass books were printed at Oxford
under a royal license, whih^ tla; host was public-
ly exi)osed in liondon under tla^ protection of the
pikes and nniskets of the Foot Guards, while
friars and monks walked th(! streets of London in
their robes, Baxter was in jail ; llow(! was in
exile ; the Five .Mile Act and the ('onventich? Act
were in full vigor ; Puritan writers were compell-
ed to resort to foreign or to secret presses ; Puri-
tan congregations could meet, only by night or ill
waste places, and Puritan ministers were forced
to preach in the garb of colliers or of .sailors. In
Scotland tiie king, while he sjjarcd no exertion
to extort from tlu; estates full relief for Roman
Catholics, had demanded and obtained new stut-
Tites of unprecedented severity agidnst the Pres-
bj'teriuns. — Mac.vii..\v's Eno"., ch. 7, \h 180.
4010. PAETIES, Diflference in. EtojlM. It
ought to be remembered that tlu; difference be-
tween the two great .sections of English politi-
cians has always been a difference rather of de-
gree than of principle. There were certain lim-
its on the right and on the left which were very
rarely overstepped. A few^ enthusiasts on one
side were ready to lay all our lawsand franchises
at the feet of our kings. A few enthusiasis on
the other side were bent on pursuing, through
endless civil troubles, their darling phantom of a
republic. But the great majority of those who
fought for the crown were averse to despotism,
and the great majority of tlie champions of pop-
ular rights were averse to anarchy. Twice in the
course of the seventeenth century the two parties
suspended their dis.sensions and united their
strength in a common cause. Their first coalition
restored hereditary monarchy, their second coali-
tion rescued constitutional freedom. — Macau-
lay's En(i., ch. 1, p. 94.
4011. PARTIES, Independence of. Enr/laiid.
[See above.] It is also to be noted that these two
parties have never been the whole nation — nay,
that they have luiver, taken together, made up a
majority of \\w nation. Between them lias al-
ways been a great mass, which has not stead-
fastly adhered to either, which has .sometimes
remained inertly neutral, and has sometimes os
ciliated to and fro. That mass has more than
once ivissed in a fe\\ years from one extreme
to tile other, and back again. Sometimes it has
changed sides merely becau.se it was tired of
s\ipporting the same men, sometimes becau.se it
was dismayed by its own excesses, sometimes be-
cause it had expected im])ossibilities and had
been disappointed. But wlienever it Imis leaned
with its whole weight in cither direction, resist-
ance has, for the time, been imi)ossible. — M.\CAi:
lay's j]N(i., ch. 1, p. S)r).
4012. PAKTIES, Natural. Tin,. The recess of
the English Parliament lasted six weeks. Tlie day
on which tiie Ilou.ses met again i.sone of the most
remarkable epochs in our history. From that
day dates the corporate existence of the two great
l)artii's which have ever since alternatelv govern-
ed the country. In one sense, indeed, tlu^ dis-
tinction which then became ol)vions had always
existed, and always must exist ; for it has its ori-
gin in diversities of temi)er, of understanding,
and of interest, which are found in all societies,
and which will be found till the human niiiKl
ceases to be drawn in ojjposite directions by the
charm of habit and by the charm of novelty.
IS'ot only in jiolitics, but in literature, in art, in
science, in surgery and mechanics, in navigation
and agriculture — nay, even in mathematics, Ave
find this distinction. Everywhere there is a class
of men who cling with fondness to whatever is
ancient, and wlio, even when convinced by
overpowering rea.sons that innovation would be
beneficial, consent to it with many misgivings
and forel)o(lings. We find also everywhere an-
other class of men .sanguine in hope, bold in
speculation, always ])ressing forward, (piick lo
di.scern the iniiJcrfectionsof whatever exists, dis-
])osed to think lightly of the risks and inconven-
iences which attt'iid improvements, and disjiosed
to give every change credit for being an improve-
ment. . . . The ( xtreme .section of one da.ss con-
sists of bigoted dotards, the extreme section of
the other consists of shallow and reckless em-
pirics. — .Macaii.ay's Eno., ch. 1, p. 91.
4013. PASTIES, Opposite. Romans. " In the
Commonwealth," he said, " there have always
been two i)arties — the populares and the op'ti-
mates. The ])opulares .say and do what will
please the mob ; the optimates say and do what
will ])lea.se the best men. And who are the best
men ? They are of all ranks and infinite in num-
ber — .senators, municipals, farmers, men of busi-
ness, even libertini. The type is distinct. They
are the well-to-do, the sound, the honest, who do
no wrong to any man. The object at which they
aim is (piiet with honor. They arc the conserva-
tives of the State. Religion and good govern-
ment, the Senate's authority, the laws and cus-
toms of our ancestors, ])ublic faith, integrity,
sound administration — these are the principles
on which they rest, and these thgy will main-
tain with their lives." [Address of Cicero.] —
Fuoude's C.ksak, ch. 1.").
401 1. PARTIES, Passion of. Roman. Clodius. . .
impeached Milo for the interruption of the Coini-
tiaon the 1 8th of November. Milo appeared to an-
swer on the 2d of February ; but there was an-
otlier riot, and the meeting was broken np. On
the 6th the court was again held. The crowd
was enormous. Cicero haiijiily has left a minute
accou'nt of the .scene. The people were starving,
the corn question was i)rcssing. Milo presented
PARTIES— PASSION.
475
liiiiiMC'lf, and Poinpcy canic forward on tlic Ros- -
tm to speak. Mr wius received with liowls and ,
nirscH from ClodiiiH' hired nillians, and ids
voice coidd not lii' licard forllie noise. Ponipcy
licid on undaunted, and commanded occasional
8ilenc(! l)_y tJK' \vei;;iit of Ills presence. ('lo(iius
rose wlien Ponipey liad done, and rival yells
went n\) from the .Milonians. Veils were not
I'noujih ; filthy verses were sunir in chorus nliout ;
(,'lodius and (,'lodia. ril)ald liestiidity, delii^htfid
to the ears of " Tullv." Clodius, pale with an-
^er, callc(i out, " Wlio is murdcrinfi' the jx'ople j
witli I'andnc ?" A thousand throats answereil, 1
" I'ompey !" " Who wants to txn to .Vlexaii- '
dria V" " I'ompey !" tliey shouted ai,'-ain. " .\nd
■whom <lo you want to ijo '.'" " Crassus I" tliey
cried. Passion had risen too hiji;h for words.
Tliu Clodians l)cfj;an to si)il on tin,' .Miloniiuis ;
the Milonians drciw swords and cut the heails
of tlie C!lodians. The workin^nnen, heiiiji: un-
armed, got the worst of the contlict ; and (Modi-
iiH was tlung from the Rostra. — Fhoidk's C.k- !
HAii, ell. 15. I
4015. PARTIES, Value of. Eiujli.'ili. Tlie trutli
is, that tliough hoth jiarties liavc often seriously
err> 1, England could have spared neitlier. If,
in lier institutions, freedom and onler, the ad-
vantages arising from innovation and the advan-
tages arising from i)rescription, have heen com-
l)ined to an extent elsewhere uidiuown, we may
attribute? this liappy peculiarity to the strenuous
cu)ntlicts and alternate victories of two rival con-
federacies of statesmen — a confederacy zealous
for nutlioriiy and anliiiuity, and a confederacy
zealou.s for lil)erty and progress. — M.\t'Afi..VY's
En(i., ch. 1, p. iU.
4016. PAETISAN, An effective, lltv. Jonathan
fiwift. The Rev Jonathan Swift, of all party
writers that (.'ver influenced public opinion, was
the most unscrupulous, the most unjust, the most
iineharifable, but incomparably the most able.
— KNtcMiT's Enu., vol. 5, ch. 24, p. 809.
4017. PARTISANS by Contagion, rarliaincnt.
[Swift humorously wrote :] 1 wish you had been
here for ten days during the highest and warm-
est reign of l)arty and faction that I ever knew
or read of, upon the bill against Occasional Con-
formity. It was so universal that I observed the
dogs ill the streets much more contumelious and
quarrelsome than usual ; and tlie very night before
the bill w(!nt up, a committee of Wliigand Tory
cats had a very warm and loud debate upon tlie
roof of our house. But why should we wonder
at that when tlu; very ladies are split asunder
into high-churoli and low, and, out of zeal for
religion, have hardly time to say flieir prayers ?"
— Knight's Eno., vol. 5, ch. 17, p. 2G8.
401 §. PARTY honorably changed, [.ord Falk-
land. [Lord Falkland, who fell in the battle of
Newberry, has been defended against the charge
of aposta.sy from his friends in these words by
Arnold :] A man who leaves the popidar cause
when it is triumphant, and joins the party op-
po.sed to it without really changing his princi-
ples and becoming a renegade, is one of the no-
blest characters in history, lie may not have the
clearest judgment or the firmest wisdom ; he may
have been mistaken, but as far as he is concernecl
personally, we cannot but admire him. But such
a man changes his party not to con([uer, but to
die. . . He protests so strongly against their
evil that he chooses to die by their hands ratlier
than in their company ; . . . tliis man is no ren-
egade, no apostate, but the purest of martyrs;
for what testimony to truth can be so pure as
that which is given uncheered by any sympiilhy,
given not against encmit's, amid applauding
friends, but against friends, amid un])itying or
half-rejoiciiii: enemies '.' ,\nd such a martyr was
Falkljiiid :— KNKiiiT's End., vol. 4, ch. 2,'p. 24.
4019. PASSION, Parental. John JjHr. Mr.
Locke never mentioned him but with great re-
spect ami alTection. His father used a conduct
toward him when young that he often spoke of
afterward with great approbation. It was the
being severe to liini l)y keeiiing him in much
awe and at a distance 'when he was a boy, but
iela.\iiig, still by degrees, of that severity as he
grew up to be a man, till, he bein;,' become ca-
pable of it, he lived perfectly wfth him as a
friend. And I remember he 'has told me that
his father, after he was a man, solemnly asked
his pardon for having struck him once in a
l)a.ssioii when he was a bov. — Fowi.Ku's Locke,
ch. 1.
4020. PASSION corrects Passion. Napoleon I.
Napoleon jiii his early manhood) excluded him-
self entirely from haunts of revelry and .scenes ot
dissiiiationand from all those di.ssolute courses in
which tlie young men of tho.se days so recklessly
plunged ; he adopted this course not aiiparently
from any conscienti(nis desire to do that which
is right in the sight of God, but from what has
, been called " the expulsive power of a new affec-
tion." Ambition seemed to expel from his mind
every other passion ; . . . animal passion even
was repressed, and all the ordinary pursuits of
worldly pleasure became in his view frivolou.s
and contemptible. — AunoTT'B N.U'oleon B.,
vol. 1, ch. 3.
4021. PASSION, Savage. Alexander. C'litus,
a general of great ability, and to whom Alexan-
der owed his life in the liattle of the Granicus,
stood deservedl}', on these accounts, in high fa
vor and esteem with his sovereign, who particu
larly prized the ingenuous simidicity of his man
ners and the honest freedom with which he was
accustomed to utter his opinions or proposa
his counsels Amid the mirtli of a banquet
while the .sycojihant courtiers, in extolling to
the skies the achievements of their jirince, were
drawing a deiireciating c()ini)arisoii between the
merits of Philip and of liis son, this brave Mace-
donian liad, with honest indignation, reproved
their meanness, and warmly sujjported the fame
of his ancient master. Alexander, in a transport
of rage, seized a javelin from one of the guards,
and hurling it at the breast of C'litus, struck him
dead upon the .spot. The atrocity of the deed
was instantly felt by the king, and, in the agony
of remorse, he would have turned the weapon
again.st his own bosom, had not the attend-
ants forcibly jirevented him. — Tytlek's Hist.,
Book 2, ch.'4, p. 192.
4022. PASSION simulated. Becomes Real.
^■Esop, we are t<)l(l, wlien lie was one day acting
Altreus, in the i)art where he considers in what
manner he .should punish Thyest-is, being work-
ed up by his passion to a degree of insanity,
with his sceptre strvick a servant, who happened
suddenly to pass hy, and laid hi'Ai dead at hia
feet. — Plutaucu's C:cfuo .
47G
PA8SI0N-PATIENCE.
I'
fit-'- '-
hi
fl 1
40'-13. PASSION, Violent, i^imiid Johnson.
It lijis iK't'ii coiitldciilly ri'liUcd, witli many em-
iM'llislimnit.s, tliiilJohiinoii one day knocked ()s-
lioinc down in his siiop with a folio, and put
ids fool upon In.s neck. Tiic .siinpli' truth I had
from .loim.son him.sclf. "Sir, lie was imperti-
nent to me, and I l)eat him. Hut it wa.s not in his
shop; it was in my own cliamher." [()sl)orne
•was hispul)lisher.J — Hoswkm/s Johnson, p. ;}8,
•flOtl'l. PASSIONS concealed. William, I'rinrv
of OntHije. lie was horn with violent i)assions
and (juick sensilulities ; liut the streiiirth of his
emotions was not sus|)e('ted liy tlie world. From
the multitude his joy and his ;,n'ief, his alfectioii
aind ids resentment, were hi<lden hy a plile;^inat-
ic serenity, which made liim jiass for the most
c()ld-t)loo(led of mankind. Those who brought
him jj:(jo(1 news could .seldom detect any si^n of
pleasure. Those who saw him after a defeat
looked ill vain for any si;j:n of vexation. He
praised and reprimanded, rewarded and jiun-
ished, with the stern traiKiuillity of a Mohawk
chief : hut those wlio knew him well and saw
Iiim near were aware that under all tliis ice a
fierce tire was con.stantly hurning. It was sel-
dom that anger deprived him of power over liim-
self ; hut when he was really enraged the lirst
outbreak of his pa.ssion was terrilile! It was in-
dleed .scarcely .safe to apin-oach him. — Macau-
i.ay's E.Nd., ch. 7, p. l.'it).
4025. PASSIONS, Controlled by. Frederick
iVdliiiin. Tlie mind of Frederick William was
90 ill regulated that al' his inclinations became
passions, and all h's passions partook of the
character of moral and intellectual disea.se. His
parsimony degenerated into sordid avarice. His
tasie for military pomj) and order became a
mania, like that of a Dutch l)urg()master for
tulips. While the envoys of the court of Herlin
were in a state of such scjualid poverty as moved
the laughter of foreign capitals — while the food
of the royal family was so bad that even hunger
loathed it — no price was thought too extravagant
to i)ay for them. — Macaulay'sFkedkkkk the
GUKAT, p. 7.
4026. PATERNITY inferred. Dr. Valentine
2futt. A story is told of his readiness in the
lecture-room. A mother brought into the am-
phitlieatre, one morning, an extremely dirty,
sickly, miserable-looking eliild, for the purpose
of having a tumor removed. He e.xhil)ited the
tumor to the class, but informed the mother that
he could not operate upon the child without the
consent of her husband. One of the students, in
Li.s eagerness to examine the tumor, jumped over
into the little enclosure designed for tlie operator
and his patients. Dr. >Iott, observing this in-
trusion, turned to the student, and asked him,
■with the most innocent expression of counte-
nance : "Are you the father of this child ?" Tliun
ders of ajiplause and laughter greeted this in-
genious rebuke, during which the intruder re-
turned to his place crestfallen. — Cyclopedia of
3io(;., p. .529.
4027. PATIENCE abused. Perieleti. When
a vile and abandoned fellow loaded him a whole
day with reproaches and abuse, he bore it with
patience and silence, and continued in public
for the despatch of some urgent affairs. In the
evening he walked slowly home, this impudent
■wretch followiug and insulting him all the way
with the mo.st .scurrilous liuiguage. And as it
was (lark when he came to his own door, lie or-
dered one of his servants to take a torch and
light tlie man home. — Pi.ltaiu'Ii'h Pehri.kh.
40a«. PATIENCE, Christian. .)farti/r. [1Mie
edict of Diocletian against the Christians] was
torn down by the hands of a Christian, wiio <tx-
presscd at the same time, by the l)ilteresl invec-
tives, his contempt as well as abhorrence for sucli
imiiioiis and tyrannical governors. . . . And if it be
true that he was a person of rank and education,
tlio.sc circumstances could serve only to aggra-
vate his guilt. He was burnt, or ratlier roasted,
by a slow fire, and his executioners, /.ealoiis to
revenge the personal insult wliich had been of-
fered to the emperors, exhausted every retine-
nieiil of cruelly witnout being able to subdue
his iiatience or to alter the steady and insulting
smile which in his dying agonies he still jire-
served in his countenance. — GmitoN's Ko.me,
ch. 10, p. G.").
402». PATIENCE, Endeavor in. Will i a m ,
I'ritiee (if Oraiaje. [Ilis aim was the iirotection
of Eur()])e from Louis XIV.] William had one
great end ever liefore him. Toward that end ho
was impelled by a strong pa.ssion which ap-
lu'ared to him under the gui.se of a sacred duty.
Toward that end he toiled with a iiatience re-
sembling, ns he once .said, the patience with
which he had once .seen a boatman on a canal
strain against an adverse eddy, often swept back,
but never cea.sing to pull, and content if, by the
labor of hours, a few yards could be gained.
Exjiloits which brought the prince no r.i'arer
to ilis object, however glorious they might be
in the estimation of the vulgar, were in his
judgment boyish vanities, and no jiart of the
real business of life. — Macaulay''s En«., ch. 7,
p. 179.
4030. PATIENCE of Genius. Magn 'tic Tele-
graph. The magnetic principle on which the in-
vention depends had been known since 1774,
but Professor Morse was the lirst to ajiply that
princijilc for the benefit of men. He began his
experiments in 1833, and live years afterward
I succeeded in obtaining a patent on his invention.
Then followed another long delay ; and it was
not until the la.st day of the session in ]84;{ that
he procured from Congress an approjiriation of
$30, 000. With that ajipropriation was construct-
ed, between Baltimore and Wa.shington, the first
telegraphic line in the world. Perhaps no other
invention has exerci.sed a more beneficent intiu-
ence on the welfare of the human race. — KiD-
PATn'8 U. S. , ch. .56, p. 446.
4031. PATIENCE, Nobility in. Alexander.
Alexander [the Great] hazarded his person, by
way of exercise for himself and exami)le to
others. Hut his friends, in the pride of wealth,
were so devoted to luxurj' and ea.se that they con-
sidered long marches and camjiaigns as a burden
and by degrees came to murmur and speak ill of
the king. At first he bore their censures with
great moderation, and u.sed to sav there was
something noble in hearing hini.self dl-spoken of
while he was doing well. — Plutarch's Alex-
ANDEU.
4032. PATIENCE, Success by. Study. Buffon
said," Genius is patience." Stevenson, the invent-
or of the locomotive, declared that he surpassed
PATIENCE-PATIIIOTISM.
477
the majority of mankind only in palicnco. New-
ton also ascrilu'd liis succcsh in mtcrprctinji; na-
ture solely to his patience. Heinij; asked one day
iiow lie had discovered the law of ^gravitation, ho
replied, " |U incessantly thinking about it." —
Paiiton's Nkwton, p. Ul.
'I03:». PATIENCE tried. ,Miii Xdnon. [One
of Wesley s preachers was reported to the com-
missioners for recruitini; the army as a vayrant,
not having any visihle means of su|)port. llu
was pressed into tlu! army, where he Iiegan to
preach to the soldiers, and then whenevi'r ojjpor-
tunity permitted. He was grievously tormented
by a strippling ensign, who hud him put in i)risoii
for reproving his profanity and for i)reaching,
and when lie was let otU threatened to chastiso
him. Nelson records that] it caused ii sore temp-
tation to arise in me, to think that a wicked, ig-
norant man sliould thus torment me, and I ablo
to tie his head and lieeis together. I foimd an
old man's bone in me ; but the I^ord lifted up a
standard when the anger was conung on like a
tlood, else I slioidd have wrung his neck to the
ground and set my foot upon liim. — Stevkns'
SIethodihm, vol. 1, p. 210.
4034. PATBIOTISK abandoned. JanuK IT. A
small knot of fanatics still continued tv) cherish a
wild hope that they might be able to change the
order of succes.sion. ... It was to be hoped,
they said, that the king might be able to establish
the true faith without resorting to extremities ;
but, in the worst event, he might leave his crown
at the disposal of Louis. It was better for English-
men to be the vassals of France than the slaves
of the devil. This extraordinary document was
lianded about from Jesuit to Jesuit, and from
courtier to courtier, till .some eminent Roman
Catholics, in whom bigotry liad not extinguished
patriotism, furnished tlie Dutch amba.ssador with
a copy. He put the paper into the hands of
James. James, greatly agitated, pronounced it
a vile forgery, contrived by .some pamphleteer
in Hollan(l. The Dutch minister resolutely an-
swered that he could prove the contrary by the
testimony of several distinguished members of
his Majesty's own church — nay , that there would
be no dittlculty in pointing out the writer, who,
after all, had written only what many priests and
many bu.sy politicians said every day in the
galleries of the palace. The king did not think
ft expedient to ask who the writer was. — M.\cau-
lay's Eng., ch. 8, p. 28.5.
4035. PATRIOTISM, Affecting. Maria Tlie.
vena. [Frederick II. suddenly made war against
the young orphan queen at the beginning of her
reign.] At the first sitting of the Diet she ap-
peared clad in deep mourning for her father,
and in pathetic and dignified words implored her
people to support her just cause, ilagnatesand
deputies sprang up, half drew their sabres, and
with eager voices vowed to stand by her with
their lives and fortunes. Till then her firmness
had never once forsaken her before the public
eye, but at that shout she sank down upon her
throne, and wept aloud. Still more touching
was the sight when, a few days later, she came
before the estates of her realm, and held up be-
fore them the little archduke in her arms. Then
it was that the enthusiasm of Hungary broke
forth into that war-cry wliich soon resounded
throughout Europe, " Let us die for our king,
Maria Theresa !" — Macaulav's Fuedehk k Tina
UUEAT, 1). HO.
40;t<(. PATRIOTISM aroused. liirilKtioiiixU.
The l)altle of Lexington tired the country. With-
in a few days an army of 20, ()()() men hall gather-
ed "bout Hoston. A line of intrenchments en-
compassing the citv was drawn from l{oxiiury
to Chelsea. To drive Gage and the Urilish into
the sea was the common talk in that tumultuou.H
camp. And the numl)er constantly increased.
John Stark came down at the head of the New
Hampshire militia. Israel I'utnam, with a leather
waistcoat on, was helping some men to build a
stone wall on his farm, when tlu! news from
Lexington came tlying. Hurrying to the nearest
town, he found the militia already mustered.
Bidding the men follow as soon as i)ossil)le, ho
mounted a hf)rse and rode to Cambridge, a dis-
tance of a hundred miles, in eighteen hours.
Rhode Island .sent her (piota under the brave
Nathaniel (}reeiie, Renedict Arnold came with
the provincials of New Haven. P^than Allen, of
Vermont, made war in the otfmr direction. — i{iD-
PATH's U. S., ch. 38, p. 298.
40»r. PATRIOTISM, Cotirage of. Scotia. Ed-
ward [II.] now ])repared, with an immense army
of 100,000 men, to reduce the country to submis-
sion and fulfil the dying reipiest of his father,
by making a complete conquest of it. King
Robert Bruce met him at Bannockbiirn, near
Stirling, with 30,000 men. By an excellent dis-
position of the Scottish army, and the signal in-
trepidity and conduct of the king, the English
were totally routed. A i)rodigious slaughter en-
sued, and tiie pursuit continued near one hundred
miles, till the small remnant of this immense army-
was entirely driven out of the kingdom. Edward
narrowly escaped by flight to Dunbar, whence he
was conveyed by sea to his own dominions. This
great and decisive victory secured the indepen-
dence of Scotland, and fixed Robert Bruce firm-
ly upon the throne. It made a deep impression
on the minds of the English, and for several
years after no superiority of numbers could in-
duce them to keep the field against their for-
midable adversaries. — TvTLEit's Hist., Book 0,
ch. 12, p. 195.
403§. . Umler Charles I. The
whole nation was alarmed and incensed. Jolm
Hampden, an opulent and well-born gentlemaa
of Buckingham.shire, highly considered in his
own neighborhood, but as yet little known to the
kingdom generally, had the courage to step for-
ward to confront the whole power of the gov-
ernment, and take on himself the cost and the
risk of disputing the prerogative to which the
king laid claim. The ca.se was argued before the
judges in the Exchequer Chamber. .. . If money
might legally be rai.sed without the consent of
Parliament for the support of a fleet, it was not
easy to deny that money might, without con-
sent of Parliament, be legally raised for the
support of an armv. — Macaui.ay's Eno., ch. 1,
p. 8o.
4039. PATRIOTISM dead. liomnns. The
Numidians were not very formidable enemies,
but after a month or two "half the Romans were
destroyed and he remainder were obliged to sur-
render. About the same time, and from similar
causes, two Roman armies were cut to pieces on
the Rhone. While the great men at Rome were
478
PATUIOTIHM.
IxiiltliiiK i>iiliic('H, iiivcDiiii); !i('w (liMlicM, mill liir-
iiiu: cooks lit iiiilii'iird (if MiiliiricH, the linrliMriiiiiH
were 111 llic ^'iilcs of Iliily. — Kiii»i'i>K's Ckmau,
ell. 4.
10 lO. PATRIOTISM in Death. Thv y,>ui,'/<,-
I'i/t. (When Williiiiii I'ill was on liis dciilli lied,
slidilly utter Niiiiolcoii's viclorie.M at I'liii iukI
Aiislerlit/, the last, words wliicli lie .spoke, ulioiit
liairaii lioiir lieforc li(> lirenllied Ids last, were,)
' .Mv coiiiilry I Oh, my country !" — IvNKiiir'H
i;.\«i., vol. 7,"ch. 25, p. 'j.')!.
lOII. . Mm IlitnijxUii. [" ()
Lord, save my hi liiiic country !" were i\w last
words of Hampden, who was wounded in a llnlil
ai the lietfiiuiliiii; of the civil war.) — KNitniT't)
Kno., vol, I, I'll, I.
■lOI'J. PATRIOTISM, Deeds of. <liirih,il(U.
(iitrilialdi, howcvei', remaiiicil, and was rcsidin^r
there, fariuin;^ and tlsllin;,^ when the war he-
t ween Austria and Mardinia called him once inoro
to the field. Mcfort' he a;;ain saw Caprera,
what \.()nderful cvenl.s transpired ! The hlnody
tvrani of Na|)leH driven from his throne ! Sicily
delivered from oppression ! Nine millions of
suhjecis added to the dominions of a constitu-
tional kinij, Victor Emmanuel ! All Italy one na-
tion, e.xceptini^ alone the dondnions of the I'opo
and th(! province- of Venctia ! This wa.'^ (}ari-
lialdi's work. It wa.s lln; ma,!^i(! of his name, the
lire of his i>atriotism, and his /renins for com-
mand, that wrouj^hl these marvels. The [jrate-
ful kiim desired to bestow upon him some .splen-
did reward, which (larihaldi tirndy refnsin;^,
the kill,!,' preparcil for him a ])leasinf^ surpri.sc at
his rocky home. After an ahsence of nearly two
years, (Jarihaldi returned to Caprera in Novem-
ber, 1H(((), to spend thcMvinler in reiio.se. When
lie a])proaclie(l his home, he .saw no object that
he could rccoifiu'ze. His rou^li and tangled farm
had been chani^^'d, a.s if by enchantment, into
ck',L!;ant liroimds, with road.M, i)at lis, lawns, gar-
dens, shrubbery, and avenues. His cottage was
gone, and in its i)hic(! .stood a villa, rc|ilet(! with
every coivenience within an<l without. A.s ho
walked from room to room, wondering what
magician had worked this transformation, ho
observed a full-h'ngth portrait of King Victor
P^mmaiuiel, which e.\i)lained the mystery. — Cy-
CL()i'i:i)i.\ OF I5io(i., p. 4!(7.
40i:i. PATRIOTISM, Determined. \'/rf/iiii(i.
A rumor arose that an English fleet was aj)-
liroaching for the subjugation of the colonies.
Tlic patriot leadcTsheld a council, and it wa.sde-
termincd that .laiuestown should be burned. Ac-
cordingly, ill the dusk of the evening, the torch
was applied, an, I the only town in Virginia laid
in ashes. The leading men set the e.xample
by throwing firebrands into their own houses;
others ( aui^ht the spirit of sacrifice ; the flames
sliot up tlr.ough the shadows of night ; and
Governor Berkeley and his followers, on board a
fleet twenty miles down the river, ha<l tolerably
fair warning that the capital of Virginia coulil
not be used for the ptu'poses of (lesi)otism. [See
No. 40t)7.]— Rini'.VTir's U. S., ch. 12, \). 121.
1014. PATRIOTISM disgusted. n»linir. Like
General Washington, IJolivar was less poptdar as
a civil ruler than he had been as a commander
of armies. Di.sgusted at length by the calumnies
with which he was assailed, he not only resigned
the presidency, but determined lo leave his
country, lie addi'essed to his fellow citi/.enH a
farewell letter: " 'i'lie pri'sence of a fortunate
soldier," said he, " however disiMleresied he may
be, is always dangerous in a stale just set free.
I am tired of hearingil inccs.saiilly ri'peatcd that
I « isli lo make myself emperor, and to raise
again the lliione of the Incus, Everywhere my
ael ions are niisrepreseiiled. It iseiioiigh. I have
paid my debt to my ciaintry and to humanity. 1
have given my blood, my health, my fortune, lo
Iho cause of lilicrty, and as long as it was in
peril I was devoted to its defence ; but now that
America is no longer lorn by war, nor iiolluted
with the iiresence of an armed foe, 1 withdraw
thai my presence ma\' not be an obstacle to the
happiness of my fellow-citizens. The welfaro
of my counlry would alone reconcile me to the
hard ncccssiiy of a perpeliial e,\ile, far from the
land which gave me birth. Keceive, then, my
adieus, as a new proof of my ardent patriolism
and the |>arlieular love which I cherish for the
people of (Colombia." — (.'yci.oi'KUI.v uk Hioo.,
1). 4!)().
40tfi. PATRIOTISM a Duty. T.iircdmnoniam.
The discipline of the liaceda'monians continued
after they were- arrived at vi'ars of malurity, for
no man was at liberty to live as he ph'ased, the
city being like one great camp, where all had
their slated allowance, and knew Iheir public
charge, iiicli niiiii roni'liKliiKj lluit he mm horn
not far liiiiiM If, hid for hix countrji. Hence if they
had no i)articiilar orders, they employed them-
selves in inspecting the boys, and teaching them
something u.seful, or in learning of lho.se tliat
were older than themselves. — Pi,iT.\ucii.
•10 16. . Lord Nilmn. [When Lord
Nelson was bearing down upon the French and
Spanish (leels off ('ai)e Trafalgar, with his men-
of-war arranged in two lines, as previously do-
signed, li(! asked ('ai)tain Hlackwood] whether a
signal was not wanting. Wiien Hlackwood an-
swereci that lur thought the whole fleet knew
what Ihey wen; about, up went the signal which
conveye(l the immortal words, " England e.xpeets
every "man to do his duly." — Kmoht's Eno.,
vol. 7, ch. 2."), p. 447.
4047. PATRIOTISM, Educated. Uomnm. To
inspire thai .severe; and rigid rirlnc which can
al()n(!sui)porl a democratic form of government,
and to iiiculeale that exclusive love of our coun-
try before which, in tliei'- early ages, every pri-
vate (jr person, d feeling was constrained to bow,
was flu; first !ui(l niostsucred duty of these noblo
matrons. The circumstances in which the com-
monwealth was situated in its earlier ages made
this absolutely necessary. It po.sse.s.sed iioiu! of
those artificial modes of defence so generally em-
l)loyed by the modern nations. The improve-
ments of modern warfare, which substitute skill
so often in the place of vahu- — the fortifications
of our modern cities, which render them, in some
measure, indeix-ndent of the personal exertions
of those who defend them — had not been intro-
duced among this virtuous people. Tliose re-
finements, also, in the arts and manufactures
which exchange the little enjoyments of private
comfort for the higher feelings of p\d)lic happi-
ness, and even tiiat progress in the sciences
which, however excellent in its general conse-
quences, encourages certainly a spirit of exclu-
PATRIOTISM.
4T»
iilon iiioHl iiiu-oiif^ciiiiil to |>uhli<; fxcrlioii— lilt
tlicsn were citlicr iiiikiiown or dt'HpiHi-d in tlic
Hcvcrcr lilacs (if llic Itninuii ic|)ul)lic. — Tyti-ku'h
Hist., Hook 4. <li. :t, p. J'iU.
<IOIM. PATRIOTISM, Effect of. Dulrh. Tho
FlfiiiiHli were (Idruicil in ii niivul ti^lil olTZcrick-
Hcc, iind I'liilii) liiin.HcIt' iilitaincd ti more inipnr-
tiint undcoinplclc vicloiy iit .MonH-cn-I'iicllc, near
liillc . . . wlicrc the liosi, of the insmxcnls, coni-
initndcd l)y the two sons of lliccxiUMi Count Guy
iV' DiunpiciTc, was iitlcrly disconitltcd, witli llin
loHs of (MMK) men. Such, liowcvcr, was tlic cncr-
f^y and dclciniinalion of llic stoullicartcd liurii;li-
crs of Klandcrs, Unit, williin three weeks lliev
were enul)led lo advance a>j;ainsl, llie kinii- \vit)i
a fresli army of (10, 001) men ; and I'hilip, strnck
\\'\l\\ adnuratioii of tlieir patriotism and daiint-
less hravery, resolved to abandon tiie contest
and conchidc! a peace, — HriDKNTK' IIiHrouv ok
FllANCK, cli. 0, ^ U.
'IOI». FATBIL ISM, Enthuaiastio. Ihnxlirt
Arnold. Tile coiidilion of Hiir^coyne f^rew more
Jind moH! critical. On all sides the linesof (tatcH
wer(! closing around him. Mis .siipi)lies failed ;
his soldiers wen? i)iit on partial rations; Ids Ca-
nadian and Indian allies deserted Ids Htandard.
Hut the British fjcneral was couraj^co'i.s and r<'s-
()lut(! ; hcstrcnjj;then('d his defences and Haltered
his men with th(! hop<' that (»eneral Clinton, who
now commanded the British army in New York,
woidd maki; a diversion in their favor. On the
7tli of October he hazarded another battle, in
which he lost his bravest ollicers and nearly TOO
l)ri vales. Th<!conllict was terrible, lastinjj; from
two o'clock in tlu; afternoon till twili,u;ht. At
last Morgan's ritlemen Hin;fle(l out the l)ravo
Goncral Fraser, who (commanded the Hritish
right, and killed him. His disheartened men
turned and fled from flu; field. (Jn the American
wide, Arnold, who had resigned his rommission,
rode at full speed to his old command, and, with-
out iinthoritu, became the inspiring geidusof the
battle. Ho charged lik(! a madman, drove the
enemy before; him, eluded Gates' aid, who was
sent to call him back, burst into the British canij),
and was severely wounded. The Americans wero
completely victorious. — Kidpatii's U. S. , eh. 40,
p. !}:i.{.
4050. PATRIOTISM exasperated. MitKHdclut-
settn Coloiu'nt.H. A.I). 1774. " If you value your
life, I advi.s(! you not to return home at i)resent,"
was the waridng received bj- Kuggles from the
town of Hardwicke, whose freemen, with those
of New Hraintree and of Greenwich, so re.sented
}n*s accepting a place in the council [of the Tory
governor of Massachusetts], that they vowed lie
rihould never again pass the great bridge of the
town alive. — Hancuokt's V. S., vol. 7, ch. 8.
4031. PATRIOTISM extinguished. Fmncv.
From the latter years of Lo\iisXlV. till the third
quarter of tlu; eighteenth century was all but
closed, France had agovernmc.it at once so weak,
mid wicked, .so much below the culture of tlie
})eoplo it oppressed, that the better minds of the
nation tiirned iiway in disgu.st from their domes-
tic ignominy, and sought consolation in contem-
phiting foreign virtue wherever they thought it
was to be found ; in short, they became cosmo-
politan. The country which has since been the
birthplace of Chauvinism put away national
pride filmoHl with passion. — Mouuihon's Gut-
HON, ch. 7. .
•I0A4. PATRIOTISM, Faith in. Cmijr.nt of
MiinHiirliiiHillH. \.i>. ITT'). On the \'t\\\ day of
.Vpril they adjourned, expecting a long and de.s-
|>erale war with . . , (Jreat llritain, yet with no
treasury but the goodwill of the people ; not a
soldier in actual service; hardly ammunition
enough for a parade day ; as for arlillery, hav-
ing scarce more than ten cannon of iron, four of
bni.ss, and two coliorns; with no executive but
the committee of .safety, . . . no distinguished
general to take command of th(! provincial
troops. — Han(1ioI'"1''h I'. S., vol. 7, ch. 2(1.
'I05». PATRIOTISM, Finance and. l'ol,,,'t
.)fi)rrin. .lanuary, 1777. |To relieve Washing-
ton's deslitulion of funds in the darkest days of
the war, |vei-y early on New Year's morning
Uobert .Morris { having contributed much of his
own fortune] went from house to house in I'hil-
adelphia, rousing peojile from their beds to 'lor-
row money, and early in the day he sent Wash-
ington !ft.")("l,()(IO, with till! message, " Whatever 1
can do shall be done for the j^ood of the service ;
if further occasional supplies of nioni'y are nee-
may tie]
essary, you
either in a
Ha.nciiokt's
pulilic or
V. S., vf)l.
i».
upon my exertions
private capa'.'ily." —
ch. 14.
1054. PATRIOTISM, Indifferent. (IMon tit
I'niiiinnciil. [Sec No. 4241). | lie never rose to
the level of the ordinary citizen or even jjartisan,
who takes an exaggerated view perhaps of the
importance of the politics of tin- day, but who
at any rate therebv shows a sense of social soli-
darity and the claims of civic communion. Ho
called himself a Whig, but he had no zeal for
Whig principles. He voted steadily with Lord
North, and (piite a])proved of taxing and coerc-
ing America into slavery ; but he had no high
notions of the royal prerogative, and was luke-
warm in this as in everything. With such ab-
sence of passion one might have exjiected that
he would be at k'ast shrewd and sagacious in
his judgments on politics. But he is nothing of
the kind. In his familiar letters he reserves
generally a few lines for parliamentary gossip,
amid chat about the weather and family busi-
ness. — Mouui.son'h GinnoN, ch. 0.
4055. PATRIOTISM, Longing of. Pil;irims.
The love of nativii land is a universal i)assion.
The Puritans in Holland did not forget — could
not forget — that they were Englishmen. Dur-
ing their ten years of residence at Leyden they
did not cea.se to long for a return to the country
which had cast them out. Though ruled by a
heartless monarch and u bigoted priesthood,
England was their country still. The unfamil-
iar language of the Dutch grated harshly on
their ears. They pined with \iiirest, con.scious
of their ability and willingness to do something
which should convince even King .James of
their patriotism and worth. — Uiui'atii's U. S.,
ch. 7, p. 89.
4050. PATRIOTISM, Memorial of. Bunker
Jlill. The year 1842 was noted for the comple-
tion of the Bunker Hill Monument. No enter-
l)ri.se of a similar character had, in the whole
liistory of the country, called forth so much pa-
triotic enthusiasm. The foundation of the no-
ble structure was laid on the 17th of June, 1835,
480
PATRIOTISM.
'
tlw (•oriicr-Htoiic l)ciii>; put Into l\n ])lui'o by tliu
VfiKTiiMc Jiiil'iiycttc. Dimlcl Wclistcr, llicii
ynuii^ in years and I'anir, dclivtrrd llic oration
of llic (lay, wiiiii' 200 {{('voliiliitnary veterans,
to of tlieni survivors of tlie liattle fou>;lit on that
liill crest Just llfty years liefore, ^ lliered Willi tlu!
tlironi; to liear liiin. liut llie wori< of erection
Avent on slowly. More than iJll.')0,0(K) were ex -
peniled, and seventeen years elapsed liefore the
crand sliaft, coinineniorative of the heroes, living;
and dead, was tlnished. At last the work was
done, and the nii),'hty eoluinn of (^uiney irran-
ite, thirty-one feet scpian; at tlii' liase and two
hundred and twenty-one feet in hei^dil, stood
out suliliinely iiL(iiinsl the clouds and sky. It
was deemed titling, however, to postpone tho
dedication until the n 'xt uniuversary of the liat-
tle, and |>reparationH were made aceordin>;ly.
On the ITlh of .June. IH-Ki, an inuneiise multi-
tud(M)f |)eople, including most of the {{evolution-
ary soldiers who had not yet fallen, giithered
from all parts of th(^ repultlic to witness the lin-
piising ceremony. Mr. Webster, now full of
years and honors, was chosen to deliver tlu! ad-
dress of dedication, a duly which Ik; performed
in a manner so touching and ehxpient as to add
new lustre to his fame as an orator. The cele-
bration was concludeil with a imhlic dinner given
in Faneuil Hal!, tlu; tradh; of American lib-
erty. — lliDi'ATilH U. S., eh. TtO, p. 443.
/lOSr. PATRIOTISM, National. Putrirk Hnu
ri/. .\.n. 1774. [At the Colmdal Congress in Phil-
adelphia.] " Jiiitish oppression bus elTaced th(!
boundaries of the ac vend colonies; the distinc-
tions between Virginians, Pennsylvaniuns, New
Yorkers, and New Englanders are no more. I
am not a Virginian, but an American." — Ban-
chokt's U. 8., vol. 7, ch. It.
40.'i§. PATRIOTISM without Pay. George WikTi-
infiton. [When George Washington accepted
his commission from the Continental Congress,
as commander-in-chief of the American army,]
he said no peo\miary consideration could have
tempted him to accept this arduous emjiloyment,
at the expense of his domestic ea.se and happi-
ness ; he had no desire to make a profit by it. He
would take no pay. He would lieep an exact ac-
coiin,t of his expenses, and those he doubted not
would be discharged. — Knioiit'h E.no., vol. 0,
ch. 23, p. 356.
4050. PATRIOTISM, FossibilitieB of. Anurican
ColoniiH. " How is it ])ossiblc," asked the pur-
tisunsof autliority, " that a i)eople without arms,
ammunilion, money, or navy should dare to
brave the foremost among all the ])owers on
earth ? . . . Americans are neither disciplined
nor capable of discipline." — Bancroft's U. S.,
vol. 7, ch. 10.
4060. PATRIOTISM, Preservation of. Span-
ish Armada. [Wlien the magnificent Spani.sh
armada was preparing for a descent upon the
shores of England, the patriotism of the people
was signallj' displayed.] A long course of pro.s-
perous indu.stry might be suppo.sed lo have un-
fltted those who had been winning the spoils of
peace for the defence of their country at a time
of great national danger. . . . But the ancient
spirit was not dead. In the midst of many dif-
ferences of opinion among Protestants connect-
ed with the discipline of the Church, and with
Romanists living under severe laws, there was to
be, in another year, such an outburst of |)alriot-
Ism as woulil manifest that the love of country
was above all divisions of creed. That glorloua
inaidfestation of national spirit in l.'iHN was also
to show that a iicopli' does not necessarily bc-
(•om(( weakeiKMl In character by a long course of
jirospcriiy. but that the ac(umulations of peace
are the real resources of war. It is not the dif-
fusion of comforts and luxuries that renders a
nation unwarlike and anathetic. It is the tread-
ing (Mil of true nationality by lawless rulers— tlm
Rhuititig lip of all the foiiniains of independent
thought by slavish superstition — that destroy the
i)atriotism of a people, and make them incapii-
lile of defending Iheir homes. — Knioiit'h En<i.,
vol. 3, ch. 14, p. 214.
4001. PATRIOTISM, Pretended, /■^oundrdn.
Patriotism having become one; of our topics,
Johnson suddenly uttered, in a strong, deter-
ndned tone, an apothegm at which many will
start: " I'alriolisin is the last refuge of a scoun-
drel." But let it be considered that he did not
mean a real and generous love of our coiintrv,
but that pretended iiatriotism which so many, in
all ages and countries, have made a cloak for
self-interest.-— HoKWKi.i.'s .Iohnhon, p. 247.
4064. PATRIOTISM, Pablic. SpartaiiK. Ly-
curgus taught his citizens to think nothing more
disagreeable than to live by (or for) themselves.
Like bees, tliey acted with one imiiul.se for the
public good, and always as.sembled aimut their
prince. They were possessed with a thirst of
honor and enthusia.sm bordering uixin insanity,
and had not a wish but for their counfrv. The.so
sentiments ar(! confirmed by some of their aph»
orisms. When Pa'daretus lost his election for
one of tlm t/iirr hiiiKlrtd, he went away njuicitig
that till re mre t/inc hundird better men t/iaii him-
self found in the city, Pisistratides going with
some others, ambassador to the King of Persia's
lieutenants, was asked whether they came with
a public commission or on their own account,
to which he answered, "If successful, for tho
public ; if unsuccessful, for ourselves." — Pi.r-
TAUCirH LY('1'1{(IIS.
4063. PATRIOTISM puniihed. Thomas Hans-
ford. Kebellion of 1876. What was charged
on him as rebellion, he denied to have been a
sin. " Take notice," said he, as he came to the
gibbet, " I die a loyal subject and a lover of my
country." That country was Virginia. Hans-
ford i)erishcd, the first native American on tho
gallows, a martyr to the right of the j)eople to
govern them.selves. — Banchokt's U. S., vol. 2,
ch. 14.
4064. PATRIOTISM remembered. Athenian.
By the Athenian laws children who.se fathers
were killed in the service of their country were
appointed to be educated at the public expense.
" Let the father," says the laws of Solon, " have
the privilege of bestowing on that son a funeral
encomium who died valiantly fighting in tho
field. He who receives his death while figliting
with undaunted courage in the front of the bat-
tle .shall have an annual harangue spoken to hi»
honor." — Tyti.kk's Hist., Book 1, ch. 10.
4065. PATRIOTISM, Response of. Oeorgg
Washington, a.d. 1768. [The customs tax was
enacted for the colonies.] At Mount Vernon
conversation turned at this time on the dangers
PATRIOTISM.
481
tbat overlning the country. " Whenever my
country ciiIIm upon inc," Nutd WuMhlti)?ton, "I
am rciuly toluki-niy nuiskct on my uhouUler." —
Banchokt'h U. S.. vol. i\, ell. W'i.
40<t6. PATHIOTIBM, teorifloea of. 7%>,„<iii \,'l-
»t)n, tioirnioriif \'iri/uii<i. [At the slcj^rof York-
town] I.ufuyctlc said to hhn, "To what purtlcu-
lur spot would \our KxccMfncy direct that \\v
point tli<i ( Himon Y" . . . " Tln'ic," iiroinptly re-
|)li('d the noi)lc niliuU'd, patriotic Nelson — "to
that houMo ; It Is mine, and Is . . . thu best one
y<i>. can find in the town ; and thcn^you will lie
innsi certain to find Lord Cornwallls and tho
Hrlllsh heachpuirlers." — (Ii'htih' VVAsm.NOTo.N,
vol. 1, eh. 14.
•KNtT. . lifMliiin in Vuyiniii. a.d.
1(IT<1. As th<! shades of id^dit <lescended, the vil-
la^'c was set on lire. Two of the hest houses he-
lonjred to (the patriot leaders] Ijiwreiice and
DruniinoiKl. ?]ach of them, with his own hand,
kindled the lliiines that wen; to lay his dwellinjf
in ashes. The little church, the newly-ercclecl
8lale-hous(!, were consumed. Virjfiida olTered
r.Iamesiown] its oidy vlllaj^e as a victim fctr its
ireedoin I from the oppressions of Charles II. hy
Herkclevl. [Sec No.
S., vol. 2,'ch. 14.
'oi)pres
the jfovernor, Sir William
4()4:>.J— H.vncuokt'h U.
40<IM. PATRIOTISM, S«lf Saorlfloing. I(<di<ni.
The Saracens heslej^ed the cities of ]Jencvcnt\im
and Capua ; after a vain ai)pcal to the success-
ors of Charlemagne, tlie Lombards implored tin?
clemency and iild of tlu> Greek emperor. A
fearless citizen dropped from the walls, passed
tlicintrenchments, accomplished hisconunlssion,
and fell into the hands of the harharians an ho
was returninj? with th(f welcome news. They
conunanded him to assist their enterprise, and
deceive his countrymen, with tho assurance that
■wealth and honors should lie the reward of his
falsehood, and that his sincerity would he pun-
ished witli inunediate death. Me afTect(Ml to
}'ield, hut as soon as he was conducted with-
n hearing of the Chri.stians on the rampiirt,
" Friends and brethren," he cried, with a loud
voice, " be lx)ld and pntient ; nuuntainthe city ;
your sovereign is informed of your distress, aiul
your deliverers are at hand, f know my doom,
nnd commit my wif<! and children to your grat-
itude." The rage of the Arabs confirmed Ins evi-
dence ; and the self-devoted patriot was trans-
pierced with a hundred .spears. — OiniioN's Ho.me,
vol. r,, ch. 56, ]). 44.").
40H9. PATRIOTISM, Steadfast. Pomponim.
Pomponius, a man of some dignity, was wound-
ed and taken [in battle]. Though much indi.s-
Sosed with his wounds, he was brought before
lithrld'ites, who a.sked him whether if he saved
his life ho would become his friend. " On
condition you will be reconciled to the Ro-
mans," said he, " I will ; but if not, I must re-
main ycmr enemy." Tlie king, .struck with ad-
miration of Ins patriotism, did liini no injury. —
Pl.VT.UlCIl's LUCULI.US.
4070. PATRIOTISM Btimalated. Queen Eliz-
aiietfi. [Tlie Spanish Armada was expected, and
the invasion of EnglaudJ A camp was formed
at Tilbury ; and there Elizabeth rode through
the ranks, encouraging her captains and her sol-
diers by her presence and her words. One of
the speeches which she addressed to them during
thiH crisiHluiN been preiterved ; und, thougli often
({uoted, It must not be ondtted here. . . . ".My
loving people," she .said, " we liave been per-
suaded liy soni(> that are carefid of our safely to
take heed how we comndl ourselves to armed
nudlltudes, for fear of treaihiry ; but I assure
you' do not desire to live to distrust my faithful
and loving people. Let tyrants fear! I have
always so behaved myseu that, under (Jod, I
have placed my chiefesi strength and safeguard
in the loyal Ik arts and good-will of my sulije( ts ;
and, therefore, I am come among you, as you
see, at this time, not for my recreation and dis-
port, but being resolved, in the nddsl and heat
of the battle, to live or die among you all. to lay
down for my (lod, for mv kingdom, and for my
peo|)l(> my honor and myl)loo(l even in the dust.
1 know I have the body but of a weak and fee-
bli- woman, but I have the heart and stonnich of
a king, and of a King of Kngland too, and think
it foul .scorn that I'arma, or Spain, or any prince
of Kuropc should dare to invade the borders of
my realm, to which, rathi'r than any dishonor
shall grow by me, I myself w ill take up arms, I
my.-ielf will be your general, judge, ami reward-
er of every one'of your virtues in the field." —
Dkcihivk'Hatti.k.s, ^ 412.
4071. PATRIOTISM itlrred. Simup AH. A.n.
ITOr). Friday, the first morning of Novcndier,
broke ujion a people unanimously resolved on
nullifying the Stamp Act. From New Hampshire
to the far South the day was introduced by the?
tolling of nuitlled bells ; minute guns were tired
and iXMuiants hoisted at half mast, or a eulogv
was pronoiuiced on liberty, and its knell soundecf;
and tlwii again the iKite changed, a.s if she were
restored to life. . . . Kven the cliildren at their
games, though lu.dly :'.lile to speak, caught up
the general choruB, ..." Liberty, property, and
no stamps." — HanciioI'T's U. S., vol. .'}, ch. 19.
107a. PATRIOTISM, Surrender of. New York
Merchtnitt. a.d. 1770. [They recalled their de-
cision to abstain from importing anything from
Kngland, and limited the restrictions to tea.]
" Send us your old liberty jiole (iron-bound and
iron-barrecl, deep set near junction of Broadway
and Howcry — once cut down by British soldiers,]
for you have no furtheru.se for it," said the Fhil-
adelphians. The students at Princeton burnt
the New York merchants' letter by the hands of
the hangman. — Banchokt'h U. S., vol. 0, ch. 44.
4073. PATRIOTISM, Unseeming. SertoriuK.
[In conse(iuenceof the distractions of the empire,
Ik! was, while in Spain, comiielled to tight against
the Romans. Y'et, in fact,] he was a true lover
of his country, and his passion to be restored to
it was one of the first in his heart. Y'et, in his
greatest misfortunes, lie never departed from his
dignity. On the other hand, when he was vic-
torious, he would make an offer to Metellus or
Pompey, to lay down his arms, on condition he
might be permitted to return in the capacity of
a private man. He said lie had rather be the
meanest citizen in Rome than an exile with the
command of all the other countries in the world.
— Plutakch'h Skktouius.
4074. PATRIOTISM, Unielfl8h.i?/.<«//ja/rA'. He
adopted it as the aim of liis public life" to snatch
Germany from Austrian oppression," and to
gather round Prussia, in a North German Con-
federation, all the 8tat«8 ' ' whose tone of thought.
W^m^'
AH-i
PATUKvriMM-PATnONAOE.
*S
II llu^ion. niiiniicr-^, ami liilcrcNlM" wcic In Imr-
)ii(inv will) iJMiHc (if I'ruxNlii. " Til iitlalii this
('Mil, ' lie iiiicc Niilil III ('(iMvcrNalltiii, " I wiiiilil
lillivr Jill ililllHi'lN -exile, the hcmIToIiI ilnelf !
WIlMl iniltter it' thev hiin;; rile, |il'nviileil tliel'iipe
li> wliii'h I Mill liiiiiir liinilH this new Oeriiiiitiy
tiriiilv til ilie I'i'iissiMii lliriiiie I" -('v(i,i)i'i;i)i V
OK Mum., |i. (liC).
40TA. . tltinnil lldil. Diirinu' the
AliierieMll l{e\'ii|iiliun, \\ lljle ( ti'liei'iil Iteeii Was
]il'i'xiileiit III' ('iiliKi'esM, the Mritlsli eiiliiiiil.vNiuii'
ei's iilTereil him ii lirilie iif l(l,(l(Ht ^niiiieiiM to ile
sel't the eiiilse of IiIh eiiiinli'v. IIIm I'elily wax,
" (leiitlcMieii, I Mill poor, vi'iy poor; hut your
kin>{ is not rich eiioiiju'li to Iniy nie."
-lOrO. PATRIOTISM, Vlolom. S<;,U'lim,;>.
Samuel .lohnsoii . . . \mim oiilra^reoiiM upon IiIh
HupiMisltion that, Miy countryiiien " loved Heoi
land heller Ihaii IriiVli," savinv:, " All of llieni--
nay, not all, hut ilnmit ol' ihein — woiilil conic
up and attest, tiiiythin^; for the honor of Scot-
land. " — HoHW Ki.i.H .loiiNHoN, p. i>;i7.
'fOrr. PATRIOTISM, Violent. KmU-mvutft',m
Slum p Art. A.ii. ITIiri. |<«oveinor| ( 'olden him-
self retired within the fori. . . . In the evening II
viimI, lorch-li^hl proccsHion, carryinjr a HciilTold
iiiid two Imajrcs — one of the pivernor and the
other of the devil — came from the tields — now
the park— (low n Hnmdway, to within ten . . . feet
of tlic fort, knocked at its pitc, broke open the
(.governor's coach-hou'se, look out his chariot, car-
ried the imap'supon it roiuid town, and returned
to hum them, with his own carriatrcsniid sleighs,
liefore his eyes on Howlinj,' (Jreen, under the
gaze of the garrison on the nimiiarlH, and all
New York gathered round. — H.vncuokt'h U. H.,
vol. T), eh. 1!».
'IOr«. PATRIOTISM of Woman. "<'iip/,iiii MoL
1)1." She wiis the [Irish] wife of a nuilrosH in
Proctor's Mrtillery. At one of the guns . . si.v
men hud been killed or ■wounded. It was deemed
an unluc'vy gun, and nuirinurs arose that it
should he . . . ahandoned. At this juncture,
while f'aptain Mollv was serving some water for
the refreshment of the men, her hushand received
a shot in the head and fell lifeless under the
wheels of the piece. The heroine threw down
the pail of water, and crying to her dead consort,
" Lie there, my darling, while I revenge ye,"
grasped the ramrod the lifeless hand had just re-
liii(|uislied, sent honu! the charge, and called to
the matro.sses to jirime and fire. . . . She kept
to her ))ost till night closed the aclion. — CrsTis'
WA8UiN(iTo\, vol. 1, eh. T).
40r9. PATRIOTISM of ■Woman. Ljidoi Ihir-
ruh. After the battle of tJerinanlown Wasliing-
toii took u|) his headiiuarters at Whilcmarsii,
twelve miles from Philadeliihia. AVinler was
aiiproaching, and the piitriots began lo suffer for
food and clothing. Howe, knowing the dislre.ss-
od condition of the Americans, delerniined to ]
nurjirise their camp. On the evening of the 2d i
of December lu^ held a council of war, and it !
M'as decided to march against Washington the ,
following night. Hut Lydia Darrah, at whose
house the cinmcil was lield, overheard the jilan I
of the enemies of her c(Mmlry. On the follow-
ing morning she oblained a liassport from Lord
IIowo, left the cilv on the ijrclence of (johnj to
mill, rode rapidly U. 'he American lines, and sent
inforniatloii of the impending attack lo WiinIi
Inglon. Hiiii'ATirH I S.cli. IK, p. !I'J7.
lOMO. PATRONAGE, Age of. An!/hS,i.rnni>.
j'',\i'll the iiilialiitMiils of low lis plMci'd IhcliiM'lM'X
under the prolecliun of Noiiie parlli'iiliir noble-
man, Mild feeling the lies of IIimI conileclloll IMol'i'
strongly lliiiii any other, were micusIoiiiciI lolunk
up to his piilroiiMge as Ihal of a sovereign. 'I'lie
lawscNcn favored these ideas, \ client, though
a freeiiiMii, WMs Nupposed mo much to belong li;
his pillion, that his murderer was obliged to pay
a line to Ihe latter, as a conipeiisatlon for his loss,
in like manner as he paid a line to the master for
I the murder of iiHlave. — Tvti.ku'h IIiht,, Hook (I,
I eh. (I, |>. III).
'IO«(l. PATRONAGE, Dlvliion of. ,/,ui,<k II.
Kveii I William I I'eiiii, iiileiimerale and iiiidiM-
cernlng as was his zeal for I'le l>eeliinilion, seinm
to have fell that the piirtiality with which hoii
ors and emoluments were heaped on Koniaii < 'alh
olics might not unnaturally e.\cite Ihe Jealousy
of the nation. . . . One of I'eiin's schemes wait
that a law should he pa.sNed di\ iiling the palroii'
age of the crown into three e(|ual parts, aii<l thiit
lo one only of those parts members of the church
of Uome should be admitted. Kveii under such
an arriiiigenieiit the nienibers of the Church of
Home would have obtained nearly twenty timen
their fair jioition of olllcial appointments. — >Lv-
(•aii„\v'h Kn(i., ch. 7, p. 222.
'lOMil. PATRONAGE, Governmental. Ainrrirnn
Ciiliiiiim. In IIM Ameriea had been called " the
hospital of Hngland," the places in the gift of
lluM'n wn being tilled "with broken MeinbeiH
of Parliament," of bad, if any, principle, valets
de chambre, electioneering scoundrels, and even
livery servants. — Kmoht's Kno., vol. (i, ch. 20,
p. :il"o.
40W3. PATRONAGE, 111 timed. I.onf Chrntrr-
fcld'H. I After completing his dictionary, Samuel
tlohnson wrote:] Seven years, my lord, liavi;
now jia.st since I waited in your outward rooms,
or was repulsed from your door (he had been
kept waiting while inferior men were given au-
diencej, during which time 1 have beeri pushing
on my work through dillleultics, of which it is
useless to complain, and liase brought it at last
to the verge of ]ndilication, without one act of
assistance, oiu! word of cncoMragenicnt, or one
smile of favor. Such treatment I did not expect,
for I never had a patron before. Is not a pa-
tron, niy loi'd, one who looks with unconcern
on M mail struggling for life in Ihe water, and,
when he has reached ground, encumbers him
with help'/ The notice which you have been
jileased lo lake of my labors, had it been early,
had been kind ; but it has been delayiul till 1 am
indifferenl, and cannot enjoy it ; till 1 am solita-
ry, and cannot impart it ; till I am known, and
do not want it. — Moswki.i.'s Johnson, p. (58.
'tOM-l. PATRONAGE, Immense. C(iit<nuial.
The daily atlendance at the exhibition grounds
during the summer VMried from .'lODO to 275,01)0,
and tiui interest in the Centennial wa.sint<'nsifi'(i
near its close. The whole number of visitors at-
tending the exposition, as shown by the registry
of the gales, was 9,78(t,ir)l. The daily average
aticndance was ()l,9iiK. The grounds were open
for l.'iy days, and the total receipts for admis
sion were |3,7()l,.')i»H.— Ridpatu'h U. S., ch. 68,
p. 628.
|'atu«»na(»i;-im:a(i;.
48.1
IO*i.^. PATRON AOE, P»rtlallty in. ./>//»/« /A
I low nliNtiimli'ly Jidiii't WilMili'li't'lllitird In lictliiw
nil tlir tiii'iiilit'i'H iif IiIh own I'liiirrli ii Mlmr<' nl'
imtroniiui' altntri'ilier oiil ol' |irii|i<>rlliiii to llicir
tiiinilHTM mill iiii|i()rtiiii('<- U |ii'i>\n| liy llir ill
MiriU'lloiiM wliirli. ill rxili' mill oil! uir<', Ix' ilnsv
ll|> fur the umiitmicr (if Ills Mull. It Ih iiii|iiissilili-
to rt'iid witiiniil iiilii;;l<'ii pJlN mill ili'riiinii iIkimi'
I'lTimiims iif II liiillil nil wlilrli nil tiir iliHi'ipJiiii'
of rx|M'l'ii'lirr mill iiiiM'l'><il\ jinil lii'i-ii rxlimiHliil
In viiin. 'I'lir prrli'iiiirr is iiiUiscd, jf ever III'
nIioIiIiI n-i^r|| III juijrjiiliil, III lllllkl- II piirtitioii of
olllci's, mill nircfilllv In rcsiTvi' fur thr iiirliilii'is
of III!' Cliiiri'll of llolili' II |ioi'liiiii wlilrii tniirllt
Imvc Hllllli'i'il fill' llirlll if liii'V ililil Ih'i'II one lilllf
IrMti'iid of niic tlftii'tli |im't of till' imtiiiii. (Inn
Nccrrtiiry of Nlati-, niii' (■(inimissiniiiT nf tin' irciiN-
iiry, th«^ secn'tary hI war, llw iiiajnrily of lln;
ftwnl di^iiilarii'H of tlir lioiischold, the iiiajorily
(if llii- olilccisof llii' II liny, mr uiwiiys to Iif Ciilli-
olicN.-— Macu i.w'h Knu., (Ii. 7, p. 5J"JI.
'IOM<l. PEACE, Choloi of. Il»„i<in Kminr»r.
Niiina dii'd after a rri),'n of forty llirii' yrars,
(luring III!' wlioli' of wiiicii tiini' tlic li'inplc of
Jkiiiim ri'inaiiii'd hIiiiI, ho iiiiicIi docs tiic disposi
tloii of II pi'oplr dcpciiil on III!' cliarartcr of a
Hovcrcij^n, Afli'r a short, iiitcrrrirnnm, 'riillns
llosllllus was ('li'clcd to till' tliroiic liy tiic peo-
ple, and eoiillrmi'il liy the voict^ of llie Senate.
This prinee, of ii very opposite cliiiraiter from
Ids predecessor, paid fittle rejrard to his relij^ioMs
and paeilh' institiitioiis. 'I'lie ti'inple of .Imiiis
wits opened, and was not Nlint diiriii;; iiis wlioie
rei;,Mi. — Tvti.1':ii'm IIiht. , Monl< ;{. eh. 1, p. 'i{)\
/lOMT. PEACE, Commonwealth of. Wif/imu
l\iin. [In liie eslalilislmieiil of I'ennHylvanin.
I'cnnI . . , declared that his oiijects were to
foiiiiu a free coinnionwealth without respect to
tile color, race, or reliy^ioii of the inhabitants ; to
cstalilish a refu;;e for the peo|)le of his own faith ;
and to enlari,'!' the liorders of the Mrilisli ('n)pir(>.
— Uidi'.vtii'h r. S., eh. 'J.-), p. 2011.
.•0**S. PEACE, Disgraceful. .)f"iit<'ziiiii>t. For
inontlis there was iilniost iiicessanl lijjhlin^r in
and around the city ; and it hecaine evident that
the Sp.'iniards iiiiist, ultimately he overwhelmed
and destroyed. To save himself from his peril,
Corti!/, ado|)teil a second sliameless expedient,
more wicked than the first. .Moiite/.uina | who
had been captured by Cnrte/.] was coinpclled to
;^i) ii|)oii the top of the paiace in front of tlie
f^reat. square where the licsieirers were /fathered,
and to counsel them to make jicace with the
Spaniards. For a moment there was universal
silence, then a murmur of vexation and ni^'e,
and then .Monte/.uma was struck down by I'-e
javelins of his own subjects. In a few days Ik?
died of wretchedness and despair, and "for a
while the warriors, overwlielmcd with remorse,
aliandoned the conllict. Hut with the renewal
of the Htrife (Jorte/. wasobliired to leave the city.
Finally a jjreat battle was foui^ht, and the S|)an-
isli arin.s and valor triumphed. In the crises of
th(> atnij.;i;le the sacred Mexican banner was
struck down and captured. Dismay seized tlie
liost.s of puny warriors, and they tied in all di-
rections. — UiDi'.VTn's V. S., ch. 4, ]>. (il.
4089. PEACE, Evidence of. Rtif/n of Cfutrlrs
ir. There were still to lie .seen, on tli" c.ipes of
the sea-eoa.st, and on many inland hills, tall posts
eurmountx'd bv barrels. 'Oneo these barrels had
In'I'II illled ^\illi pilch. Wall liiiien had Im'cii Mi-t
round llii'i.. in NenNons nf danger, and, \\ilhin
a few liniirs after a Spani~h will had been d '•i nv-
ered in the ( 'liminel, nr after a IIiousmihI ScnitUh
iniiHH troo|N'rN had erossed the Tweed, tin sls.'iial
tires were bla/.ln>f fifty miles ofT, and wlmlr mini,
ties were risltitf in arms Mnt many mhis had
now elapNcd since the beaeoiis had lieeii lighted,
and they were reKiinled rather as eiirioii-* relies
nf micieiil mmiiiei'H ihmi as parts nf a machinery
necesMiiry In the siifelv of the State, .M,\(\l-
i,,\v'k Kmi., ch :i. |i, V!7I,
KMM). PEACE, Tear of. rn,„i>,//. "Itllnrn
hope nf iieaie ? ' he |('a'sar| wrote, in reporlinif
w hat had passed. "So far as I eiin^'iilher from his
very full expressions to me, he does not desire il.
I''iii lie tliinUslhus: If Cii'sar be made consul,
even after he has pmicd from his army, the con-
Ntifution will be at an end. ! thoii^dit, when In*
was Hpeakinjr, of the iineertalnlies of war ; but I
wiiM relieved to hear a man of courage and ex-
iterlencetalk liken statesmiin of the dmiKersof an
IliMineere .seltlemellt. Not only does he not .seek
for peace, but he Heeins to fear it."- l''iii)ri)K'H
C.Ks.Mi, eh. 20.
'I<MM. PEACE, Joyt of. Tar ,•/ \h\'>. The
agents of the rniteil States were .lolin t^uiney
Ailanis, .Fames ,\. Hayard, Henry ("lay, .loimthan
Uiissell, and Alberr(}allatin. Several inontliH
were spent in nei'^otlafions, and on the 24111 of
Decimber, |H|', a treaty wasa;,'reed toand si>;n-
cil. In Kn^laiui the news wasreceivd with deep
satisfaction ; in the riiited States with a deli);lit
boi'deriiiK on madness. liefore the lerms of settle-
ment could be known, the |ienple broke forth
in universal jubilee. Nobody Htnpiied to impiiro
whetherthe treaty was ^'ood or b.'iil, bonnralile or
dishonoralile. 'I \w Federalists found abundimt
reason fur rejoiciiiLr that a war which they had
liersistcnlly oiipnsed as impolitic and unjust was
at an end. The Democrats sent up a ilniibli)
hu/./.a, shout in;,Mlrst for .lackson'H victory and af-
terward for iieaee. Nor could the country well
be bi.'imed for rejoicing that a conllict that had
cost tlie I'liited States lllHIJ vcHsels and more than
IH.OOO sailors was ended. The war cloud rolled
away like an incubus from the public mind. —
HiDi'.VTHs r. S., ch. 51, p. 414.
lOOii. PEACE, Messengers of. Amrriritnlnd-
idiiH. That the words of friendship inij,dif be
transmitted safely tlirou<.di the wilderness, the
red men revered the peace-pipe, 'i'lie pervon of
him that trayelled with it was sacred ; he ■ ould
disarm tlie youiifi warrior as by a siiell. and se-
cure him.self a fearless welcome in every cabin.
— li.vNCUoKTH r. S., Mil. ;i, c'l. 22.
'I093. PEACE, Perpetual. Fimrh rmttii. ""We
h.'ivc thrown the liatclut," said the Mohawks,
" so hi;rh in the air, and beyond the skies, tliat
no arm on earth can reach to brin.u; it down." —
M.x.ncuokt'h r. S., vol. ;!, ch. 20.'
J09-I. PEACE, Pledges of. \i'HI!,(ia Pmn. [On
beu;inniiiu- his dulies as chief inat;istrali',] a ;;reat
conference was appointed with the native chiefs.
. . . Peiin, accompanii'd by a few unarmed
friends, clad in the simple garb of tlii' t)uakers,
cami! to the appointed siiot. . . . The chieftains,
al.so unarmed, sat in a semicircle on the ;;round.
. . . Standing before them and speaking by an
interpreter, he said : " My frieuds, xvc have met
j^»^%.«.
484
PEACE— PENALTY.
! I
on the broad pathway of good faitli. Wo are all
one flesh and blood. Bemg brethren, no advan-
tage shall be taken on eitln^r .side. When disputes
arise we will settle them in council. IJetween lis
there shall bo nothing but oi<ennes3 and love."
The chiefs .eplied," While the rivers run and
the sun shines we will live in peace with the chil-
dren of William Penn." No re(!(,rd was made of
the treaty, for none was needed. It.s terms were
■written not on decaying parchment, but on the
living hearts of men. No deed of violenct; or in-
i\isticievermarred tlie sacred covenant. The Ind-
ians vied with the Quakers in keeping unbroken
the pledge of perpetual peace. For mon; than
seventv years, during which the province remain-
ed under the control of the Friends, not a single
warwlioop was he.ird within the borders of Peim-
sylvania. Tl- ; Quaker hat and coat proved to be
a better defence for the wearer than coat-of-mail
and musket. — UiDP.VTii'ri U. S , ch. S.j, p. 313.
4095. PEACE vs. Prile. Tlwlxtns. Thebes
was now necessarily involved in a war with Spar-
ta ; but she had the assistance of Athens. With
thi.-' resjiectable aid she was, perhaps, a match
for her powerful antagonist, but she did not
long enjoy the advantage of that alliance. Per-
sia, which since the last peace had acquired a
title to mediate in the affairs of Greece, brought
about an overture of accommodation between
the contending States. All articles were agreed
upon, when a small punctilio exasperated the
Tliebans. They could not bear that iheir name
should be classed among the inferior States of
Greece; and Sparta was di frmined that it
should. Neither party would yield, and Thebes
wa.. entirely struck out of the treaty, which was
acceded to by all the other republics. [War
followed.] — Tytler'8 Hist., Book 3, ch. 3,
p. 163.
4096. PEACE, Principles of. Primitite Chris-
tUiiis. The Christians were not less averse to
the business than to the pleasures of this world.
The defence of our persons and propertj' they
knew not how to reconcile with the patient doc-
trine which enjoined an unlimited forgiveness
of past injuries, and commanded them to invite
the repetition of fresh insults. Their simplicity
was offended by the use of oaths, by the pomp
of magistracy, and by the active contention of
puolic life ; nor could their humane ignorance
be convinced that it was lawful on any occasion
to shed the blood of our fellow-creatures, either
by the sword of justice, or by that of war, even
though their criminal or hostile attempts should
threaten the peace and safety of the whole com-
munity.— Gi'sbon's Ro.ME, ch. 15, p. 555.
4097. PEACi:, A provoking. Peace of
Utrecht, x.u. 1713. By the peace of Utrecht
Belgium was compelled to forego the advan-
tages with which she had been endowed by the
God of nature ; to gratify commercial jealou.sy,
Antwerp was denied the use of the deep waters
that flowed by her walls ; and afterward the
Austrian efforts at trade with the East Indies
were suffocated in their infancy. This policy
was an open violation of international justice,
a fraud upon humanity, a restriction by cov-
enant of national industry and prosperity. . . .
It was possible that ... a wise ruler might one
day be penetrated with indignation at the out-
rage. . . . With regard to France, . . . England
extorteu the covenant, that the port of Dunkirk
should be not merely abandoned, but filled up.
A treaty of peace contained a stipulation for the
ruin of a harl)or !— Banckoft's U. S., vol. 3,
ch. 31.
409W. PEACE, Signal for. Mnrquette, the ,Je»-
vH Mimoiiitrj/. I Exploring the ISIississippi.] Near
the hititude of 33', on tlu; Mis,sis.sip[ i. " Now,"
thought Mar([uette, "we must indeed ask Uu-
aid of the; Virgin." Armed with bows an<l ar-
rows, with clul)s, axes, and bucklers, amid con-
tiiuial w hoojis, the natives, bent on war, emiiarked
in va.st canoes, made out of the trunkri of hollow
trees ; but, at the sight of tlit^ mysterious jx-ace-
pijje held aloft, God touched the hearts of the
old men, who checked the impetuosity of the
young ; and throwing their bows and quivers
into tlie canoes, as a token of peace, they i)re-
parcd a hospitalile welcome. — B.vncuoft's'U. S.,
V(j1. 3, ch. 30.
4099. PEACE, Truce for. Truce of Ood. [The
Church in France made great endeavors to re-
jiress violence and tyranny.] The result was
the in.stilution of the "Truce of God" (1041),
which provided that all liostilities, public ancl
private, should be suspended from the Wednes-
day evening in each week until the following
Monday morning, that period being marked out
for .sanctification in memorj' of the passion and
resurrection of the Redeemer. The entire sea-
.'ions of Advent and Lent, together with all the
great festivals, were included in this merciful
prohibition. Offenders against the "Truce of
God" incurred the penalty of death, which
might be commuted, however, by pecuniary
tine ; they weie liable also to excommunication
and banishment. — Students' France, ch. 7,
4100. PEACE, Unusual. Temple. At the end
of the first Punic war the temple of Janus was
shut — an event which had not happened since
the reign of Numa — that is, near five hundred
years. In a few years it was again opened, and
never shut till the reign of Augastus. — Tyt-
leh's Hist., Book 3, cli. 9, p. 371.
4101. PENALTY, Excessive. Reign of Georpe
III. A.D. 1773. Hutchinson [Governor of Ma*;,-
sachusctts] wished to see a beginning of taking
men prisoners and carrying them directly to
lingland. There now existed a statute a"thor-
izing such a procedure. . . . An act for the
better securing of dockyards, ships, and stores,
which extended to tlie colonies, made death the
penalty for destroying even the oar of a cutler's
boat or the head of an empty cask belonging
to the fleet, and subjected the accused to trial
in any county in Great Britain. — Bancroft's
U. S., vol. 6, ch. 47.
4102. PENALTY, Partisan. Reign of .Tames
II. The fame and fortunes of [the Earl oj j Ue-
vonshire were . . . under a cloud. He had an un-
for'cunate quarrel with the court, arising, not from
a public and honorable cause, but from a private
brawl. . . . He had gone to Whitehall ♦ ) pay his
duty, anu had there been insulted by a man
named Colepepper, one of a set of bravos who in-
fested the purlieus of the court, and who attempt-
ed to curry favor with the g;evernment try affront-
ing members of the Opposition. . . . While this
feud was at its height, the earl met Colepepper
PENANCE— PEOPLE.
485
in the drawing-room at WliiUilinll, luid fiincicd
tlint lie saw triumpli and defiance In llie l)ully'.s
oountenanee. Noliiing iiiiscenily jwssed in tlie
royal siglit ; l)ut, as soon as tiic eneniicH liad left
(lie presence cliainher, I)((V()nshirei)r(>p()se(i that
tliev should instantly decide their disputes with
their swords. This challenge was refused. Then
the high-spirited i)eer forgot tlic re.spect which
he owed to the place where he .stood and to Ids
own character, and struck Colepepperin the face
with a cane. ... A criminal information was
filed in the Iving's Hench. . . . Tlie judges wait
ed in a hody on .Iclfreys, who insisted that they
should impos(^ a fine of not less than i;!50, ()()(). —
Macai :i,ay'h E\(i., ch. 7, p. 2151.
4103. PENANCE, Failure of. Krpcriment.
Barlley (_'am])l)('ll, an Trish Papist, l)ecanie ])ro-
foundly awakened with anxiety for a helter faith
than popery had taught him. lie called on hi,
priest, who could not understand his difliculties.
lie .said many prayers, submitted to severe pen-
ances, ohtainecl abso' ition, but found no relief
to his troul)led conscience. lie made a i)ilgrimage
of forty Irish nule.s to St. Patrick's purgatory,
at Loughbery, in Donegal County, where it was
supposed all sins could l)e expiated. He went
through the required ceremonies, and received
absolution from the otHciat ing priest ; but his con-
.science was more disqiueted than ever. Before
he left again he applied to the priest. " Did not
I give you absolution ?" asked the latter. " You
did, fathar." " And do you .eny the authority
of the Church ?" " By no means ; l)ut my soul
is in mi.sery. What .shall I do V" " Do 1" said the
priest, " why, go to oed and sleep." " Sleep !"
exclaimed the awakiined man ; " no, father ; i)er-
haps T may awake in liell." Tlie priest threaten-
ed him with a horsewhip. The penitent hastened
to a retired place, threw himself on the ground,
and, with tears and groans, prayed for light from
God. There lie found peace in believing on Christ
alone. He returned to the numerous pilgrims
who were performinjj their prescribed penances
upon bared and bleedmg knees, . . . and exliorted
them to seek God through Christ, assuring them
that they should obtain peace, as he had. — Ste-
vens' Methodism, vol. 3, p. 411.
4104. PENANCE, Eoyal. Jlain/ IT. He was
alarmed l)y sin irruption from AVilliam, King of
Scotland. Ueturniiig to England, he found the
ancient leaven of (lisafTcction, on account of
Becket's murder, revived, and violently ferment-
ing in the breasts of his suljjects. To conciliate
their minds, he resolved on expiating his alleged
guilt by the most solemn penance and humilia-
tion. He walked barefooted tlirough the city of
Canterbury, and, on arriving at the cathedral,
pro.strated himself on the ground before the tomb
of the martyr, and passed a day and night in fast-
ing and prayer ; not sjitistied Avifh this mortifica-
tion, he submitted his bare shoulders to be scourg-
ed by the monks of the chapter. Absolved now
from all his ofTences, reconciled to the church and
to his .subjects, he i)repared to revenge the depre-
dations of the Scots. — Tytlek's Hist., Book 6,
ch. 8, p. 143.
4105. PENITENCE, Royal. Roman Emperor
Theodoxius. The public penance of the Emperor
Theodosius has been recorded as one of the most
honorable events in the annals of the church.
According to the mildest rules c " ecclesiatical dis-
<ipline, which were established in the fourth cen-
tury, the crime of homicide was expiated by the
jienitence of twenty years ; and as it was impoa-
siole, in the period of human life, to purge the
accumulated guilt of the ma.ssacre of Thcssalon-
ica, the murderer should have been excluded
from tlu! holy communion till the hour of his
death. But the archbishop, consulting the max-
ims of religious policv, granted some indulgeiico
to the rank of his illustrious penitent. . . . It was
suflicient that the em])eror of the Uomans, slrip-
jied of the ensigns of royalty, should ajipear in a.
monrnfu' and sup])liant posture ; and that, ir the
midst of tlK' church of Milan, Ik; should humbly
solicit, with signs and tears, the pardon of his
sin.s. In this .spiritual cure, Ambrose employed
the various me'Ii'xls of mildness and severity.
After a delay of about eight months Theodosius
was restored to the communion of the faithful.
— Gihuon'h Rome, ch. 27, p. 117.
4100. PEOPLE, Spirited. Puhlie Spirit. The
contests with Mie natives, not less than with New
P^ngland, di played the feebleness of New Neth-
erland. The province liad no popular freedom,,
and therefore no public spirit. In New England
there were no poor ; in New Netherland the poor
were .so numerous it was diflicult to provide
for their relief. The Puritans easily supported
schools everywhere, and Latin sen )ols in tlie
larger villages ; on Manhattan a Latin scliool lin-
gered . . . two years, and was discontinued. In
New England the people, in the hour of danger,
rose involuntarily, and defended themselves ; in
tlie Dutch province men were unwilling to go tO'
the relief even of villages that were in danger
from the Indians, and demanded protection from
the [East India] Company, whicli claimed to Ikj
their absolute sovereign. — Bancuoft's L'. S.,
vol. 2, ch. 1.').
410r. PEOPLE, "Unreasonable." Liberties.
The people of New Hampshire! were greatly ex-
cited by tlie threatened de.it ruction of their liber-
ties. Before Cranfield' s arrival the rugged saw-
yers and lumbermen of the Piscataqua had con-
ven h1 a general a.ssembly at Portsmouth. The
first resolution which was passed by the represen-
tatives showed the spirit of colonial resistance in
full force. " No act, imposition, law or ordi-
nance," said tlie sturdy legislators, "shall be valid
unless made by the assembly and ajiproved by tho
people." When the indignant king heard of this
resolution, he declared it to be both wicked and
absurd. It was not the first time that a monarch
and his peojile had disagreed. In Novemlier of
1082 Cranfield dismi.ssed the popular assembly.
Such a despotic act had never before been at-
tempted in New England. The excitement ran
high ; the governor was openly denounced, and
his claims for rents and forfeitures were stub-
bornly resisted. At Exeter the sheriff was beaten
with club.s. The farmers' .vivesniet tlie tax-gatli-
eVers with pailfuls of hot water. At the village
of Hampton Cranfield's deputy was led out of
town with a rope round his neck. Wlien the gov-
ernor ordered out the militia not a man obeyed
tlie summons. It was in the midst of tliese broils
that Cranfield, unable to collect his rents, and
vexed out of his wits, wrote to England begging
the privilege of going home. The "unreason-
able " people, who were all the time cavilling at
his commi.ssion and denying his authoritj'^, were
480
PEliFECTION— PEUSECUTION.
lit k'ngth fifcd from liis presence. — Ridpath'h
U. S., ell. 2\i, p. 2W.
4 low. PEEFJECTION by Development. John Mil-
ton. 'I'lic coiniiioiily received notion, tiierefore,
witii wliicli iUiUiorM, astiiey a^e, lire wonl to com-
fort tiieniselves, Unit one of tiie f;reiitest feiit.H of
ori),nniil invention iicliieved l)y nnin was !)ei,nin
after fifty, ninst be tiiws fur inoditied. " I'aradise
Lust" was roiiiixmcdnfWv fifty, but was voiiceirvd
tit tliirty-two. Hence tile liii,di defj;ree of perfcc
tion reaJi/ed in tlie total result. For then; were
combined to iirodiicc; it the ojiijosite virtues of
two distinct ju'riodsof mental development — the
dariiif^ imajjiination and fri'sh emotional i)lay of
early manhood, with the exercised judgnu-ntund
chasteiK'd taste of rii)ened years. — Mii.ton, nv
M. P.vrTiso.v, eh. Ill
4109. PERFIDY resented. Bourbon. A
most formidiihle c(jnd)ination semned now ready
to overwhelm Francis I. , under which a monarch
of less spirit and abilities than hims<'lf must cer-
tainly have succumoiid at once. The poi)e, the
emi)eror, the King of England, the Archduke
Ferdinand — to whom his Ijrother, Oharles V.,
had ceded the G(!rman dominions of the house of
Austria — were all united against the King of
France. . . . vVn iniquitous decree of the jMirlia-
ment of Paris, by which the constable [of Hour-
bon] wiLs dojirived of the whole (estates belonging
to the family of Bourbon, was the cause of an ir-
reconcilable animosity, -ind of a firm purpo.se
of vengeance now meditated by the constable
against the King of France. Ho immediately of-
fered his .services to the emperor ; and, like
another CoriolanuH, with equal valor and ability,
and with equal infamy, became the determineil
enemy of his country. The emperor received
Lim, as may be believed, with open arms ; hut in
the brea-st of every worthy man his conduct ex-
cited that detestation which it merited. Even the
Spanish officers themselves abhorred his perfidy.
" If the constable of IJourbon," said one of these
generals, " should enter my house, I would burn
it after his departure, as a place polluted by trea-
son and pcrfidv." — Tytleu's Hist., Book 6,
ch. 19, p. 280.
4110. PERIL, Familiar. Forgotten. When
Persia was governed by the deseeudants of Seti,
a race of princes wlio.se wanton cruelty often
.stained their divan, their table, and their l)ed
with the blood of their favorites, there is a saying
recorded of a young nobleman, that he never de-
parted from the sultan's presence without .satis-
fying himself whether his head was still on his
shoulders. The experience of every day might
almost justify the scepticism of Uustiin. Yet the
fatal sword, siLspcnded above him hy a single
thread, .seems not to have disturbed the slumbers
or interrupted the tranquillity of the Persian.
The monarch's crown, he well knew, could level
liim with the dust ; but the .stroke of lightning
or apoplexy might be equally fatal ; and it was
the part of a wise man to forget the inevitable
calamities of human life in the enjoyment of the
fleeting hour. — Oimu).\'s Bomk.
4111. PERIL, Pleasure in. William., Prince
of Orange. Simictimes, however, it seemed that
he liad a strange pleasure in venturing his per-
son. It was remarked that his spirits were never
so high and his manners never .so gracious and
easy as amid the tumult and carnage of a battle.
Even in liis pastimes he liked the excitement of
danger. Cards, chess, and billiards gave him no
])leasure. The chase was ids favorite recrea-
tion ; and he loved it most when it was most
hazardous. His leaps were sometimes such that
his boldest companions did not like to follow
him. He s(!ems even to have thought (he most
hardy Held s|)orls of Eiigiaiidell'eminate, and to
have ])ined in the great park of Wind.sor for the
giinii' which he had be<'M used to drive to l)ay in
the forests of Guelders, wolves, and wild boars,
and huge stags with sixteen antlers. — Mac.m,-
i,.\y's E.no., ell. 7, p. ir);").
4112. PERJURY, Punishment of. Romans.
The corruiit or mali(i./'.:s witness wius thrown
headlong from the Tarpeiaii rock, to expiate his
falsehood, which was /endered still more fatal
by the severity of tlu; pt-nal laws and the deti-
eiency of written evidence. — Giuhon's Romk,
ch. 4-f, p. 1572.
4ii:t. PERSECUTION, Arian. Cidholics. The
(Jatliolics, more especially under the reign of
Hunneric, endured the most cruel and ignopiin-
ious treatment. Hesi)ectable citizens, noble ma-
tn/iis, and consecrated virgins were .stripped
naked, and raised in the air by pulleys, witb a
weight sus])ende(i at their feet. In this painful
attitude their naked liodies were torn with
scourges, or burnt in the most tender parts with
red-hot plates of iron. The amputation of the
ears, the no.se, the tongue, and the right liand
was intlicted by the Arians ; and although the
])recise number cannot be defined, it is evident
that many persons, among whom a lii.shop and
a proconsul may be named, were entitled to the
crown of martyrdom. — Gibbon's Rome, ch. 37,
p. 558.
4114. PERSECUTION, Artful. Roman Emper-
or Julian. He forbade the persecution of the
Christians, whom he represented as deluded
men, the objects of compa.ssion, not of punish-
ment ; but declared, at the .same time, lliat
i\\mfre)tz!f incai)acitated them from all employ-
ments, civil or military. Their law, he said,
prohibited all quarrels and dissen.sions ; it was
not, therefore, necessary that they should have
the benefit of courts of justice to decide their
differences. Hts i)rohibited them from teaching
or learning grammar, rhetoric, or philo-sophy.
These, he said, were pagan .sciences, treated of
by authors whose principles the Christians were
taught to abhor, and whose hooks contained
tenets which must shock the pure morality of
their religion. — Tytleu's Hist., Book 1, ch. 3,
p. 519.
41 15. PERSECUTION, Bloody. In Ireland.
[Catholicsaro.se against the Prote.stant.s.] They
jirolonged the martyrdom and sufferings of both
sexes, that they might the longer revel in this in-
fernal pastime. They cau.sed blood to fall drop
by drop, and life to ebb liy lengthened gasps,
that their revengcsfiil fury might be the more in-
dulged. The murders spread by degrees over
every (list riot of Ireland, except Dublin, where
a feeble body of royal troops preserved the
peace. The corpses of more than one hundred
thousand victims, men, women, children, tlie in-
firm and aged, strewed the thresholds of their
habitations and the fields that they had culti-
vated in common with their destroyers. The
flames la which their villages were enveloped
PEUSECUTION.
487
were cxtiii^juislu'doiily in tlicir Itlood. All who
fS('a|«'(l l(V tliiflil the Ciirv of tlicir tissasHiiis,
(•iirryiii<? tiicir infiiiils in tlicir iirni.s to the suni-
niils uf the inountuins, perished of innnition iind
<'old in the snows of winter. Ireland apijcared
to open, to l)e( oine the lonihof half the sons she
had brought fortii. — Lamautink'h Ckomwki.i,,
p. '2(i.
4110. PERSECUTION of Catholics. Maviihtml.
A.n. 1704. In the land which Catholics had
t)peiicd to Protestants . . . mass might not \w
.said puhlidy. No Catholic i)riest or bishop
might, litter his faith in a voic(! of i)ersiiasioii.
No Catholic might teach the yomig. If the
wayward child of a papist would but become
an apostate, the law wrested for him fnnn his
l^areiitsS a share (jf their jn-operty. . . . Such
were the methods adopted "to i)rcvent the
growth of Popery." — Bancuoft's U. S., vol. 3,
oh. 19.
4117. . Inland, a. n. 1763. Such
l)riests as were permitted to reside in Ireland were
reiiuired to be registered, and were kept like
prisoners at large within prescribed limits. All
" papists," exercising ecclesiastical jurisdiction,
all monks, friars, and regular priests, and ull
priests not then actually in i)arislies, and to bo
rejjistered, were banished from Ireland under
pain of transportation, and on a return, of be-
ing hanged, drawn, and quartered. — Bakcuoft'b
U. S., vol. 5, ch. 4.
41 1§. . Dikmnm. [In l.'ies the
pope's authority was abolished in Scotland,] and
all heretics and hearers of nniss were declared
liable to various punishments. In 1584 Catho-
lics in England were called upon to say if the
pope were to ab.solve them from their oath of
allegiance, and to attack England, what they
.'should do, and which side they should .support.
The mi.serable, frightened men knew not how to
extricate themselves from the dilemma. They
iiuswcred that they would render unto God
•what was God's, and unto Ciesar what was
Cii'.sar's ; but this evasion was interpreted into a
confession by their judges. Thus the pri.sons
were filled ; execution followed ui)on execution,
and Catholicism in its turn had its martyrs. . . .
In 1584 all Jesuits, .seminary priests, and other
priests were commanded by Act of Parliament
to depart from the kingdom within forty days,
on pain of being adjudged traitors ; luid penal-
ties were to be infiicted upon those who, know-
ing any priest to be within the realm, should not
denounce him to a magistrate. These intolerant
enactments produced the very opposite conse-
quences that wore contemplated by the legisla-
tors.— Knkhit's Eng., vol. 3, ch. 10, p. 181.
4119. PEESECUTION, Catholic. Hiir/iwnotK.
[By Louis XIV. the] Huguenots were excluded
from all public functions, from the liberal profes-
sions, from the universities, from engaging in va-
rious branches of commerce and industry. They
were forbidden to intermarry with Catholics, and
their children were encouraged to forsake the
faith of their parents by being declareil capable
of choosing for themselves at the age of seven
years. . . . Squadrons of dragoons . . . were quar-
tered on the inhabitants, who abandoned them-
selves to every kind of brutal violence and ex-
cess, establishing a ' ' reign of terror" wherever
they appeared. These atrocious " dragouuades"
completely broke the spirit of tlu; wretched pop-
ulation, and they sulnnittcd in despair. " Is'ol
a jjosl arrives," wrote .Madanto de Maiiitcnon in
Scptcmlicr, UIH5, "without bringing the king
tidings which till him with joy ; the conversions
take i)lacc every day by Ihousands." Sixty thou-
sand ])ersons arc said to have embraced Catholi-
cinni in Guicnne in the course of one month ;
(vventy thousand abjured in Beam ; eighty thou-
sand in the two dioceses of Nismcsand Moiitpel-
licr. ... On the 17tli of October, U)H5, he [Louis
XI\'.) signed the celebrated decree called the
Bkvocation ok tiik Edict ok Nantkh. Acting
merely by his own despotic authority, the king
annulled forever all the ])rivileges granted to the
Huguenots by Henry IV. and Louis XIII.; ab-
solutely prohibitecl tli'e exercise of their religion
throughout the kingdom, with the sole exception
of Alsace ; ordcreil their temples to be levelled
with the ground, and their ministers to (piit
France witliin fifteen days ; forbade ilie Reform-
ers t() follow their jiastors info exile under pain
of confiscation and condemnation to the galleys ;
and reciuired their children to bebajitizcd hence-
forth by Uw Catholic priests, and educated as
members of the Established Church. Frightful
cruelties followed the publication of this (lecree.
^lultitudes of the Reformed, obstinately refus-
ing obedience, wen; con.signed to loathsome
dungeons, racked with exquisite tortures, and
treated with every kind of outrage short of ac-
tual murder. Numbers of females were immured
for life in convents ; infants were torn from the
arms of their mothers ; property was destroyed,
and whole districts laid desolate. — Sti'DKNTs'
FuANCE, ch. 22, ^ 11-
4120. FERSECUTIOir compared. Mamichu-
urtta rx. NdherliDidn. In Spain more persons have
been burned for their opinions than Ma.ssachu-
settsthen [in 1(158] contained inhabitants. Under
Charles v., in the Neth<'rlands alone, the num-
ber of those who were hanged, beheaded, buried
alive, or burned for religious opinion was fifty
thousand, .says Father Paul ; the whole; carnage
amountetl, says Grotius, to not less than one
hundred thousand. America was guilty of the
death of four individuals [who were Quakers].
— Banckokt's U. S., vol. 1, ch. 10.
4121. PERSECUTION of Covenanters. Meet,
iiigs. [James II. procured penal laws against the
Scotch covenanters, jiroviding] that the jumish-
memof death and confiscation of land and goods
.should be awarded against tho.s(! who should
preach in a conventicle under a roof, or should
attend a conventicle in the open air, either as
l)reaclier or auditor. — Knioht's Eno., vol. 4,
ch. 24, p. 384.
4122. PERSECUTION, Cruel. Jeirs. a.d. 1189.
[At the coronation feast of Richard I.] the chief
men of the Jews came to ofi'er presents to the
king. They had been forbidden to come, but
they came with gifts, and were therefore bold.
The ccmimon people . . . rushed upon the Jews,
strii)ped them, and cast them forth out of the
king's hall with wounds and blows. The citi-
zens of London, following the example, attacked
and murdered the Jews in the city, and burnt
their houses. ... At York a body of armed men
entered the city and commenced their work of
plunder and massacre, by attacking the house of
a Jew who had perished iu tlie riot of London.
4K8
PERSECUTION.
All the Jews of York then eliiiined shelter in the
ciiHtle. They were admitted to the niiinlier of
five hundred. The governor went iiwiiy ; and,
upon his return, the Jews, alarmed for tlieir
.safety, refused iiim readmission. The fortre.ss
was attaeked on all sides, and ran.scms were re-
fused. Then the desperate race, all except a few,
put th' rwivesand children to death, and stabbed
each other, that they might not fall into the hands
of their cruel enemies. The few who shrank
from this terrible .self-sacrifice were murdered.
— Knuiut'8 Eno., vol. 1 ch. 21, p. 306.
4lil3. PERSECUTION, Exterminating. Albi-
jieiiHCK. TluH'rusading army, under the guidance
of the Pope's legate, Amaury, Abbot of Citeau.x,
and Simon, (!ount de Montford, marched into
Jjangiiedoc, and besieged tlm town of Heziers,
which was stormed on the 22d of July, 1209. A
liorril)le massacre ensued ; tlie whole population
was indiscrinunately put to the sword. (3ne of
tlie superior otHcers inquired of the Abbot of
C'iteaux how they were to distinguish the her-
etics from the faithful: " .Slay them all!" re-
turned the .savage churchmen, " £or the L<jrd
knoweth those tliatare His !" Not a living .soul
was spared, and the city was afterward pillaged
and reduced to ashes. — Studknts' i'lt.vNCK,
ch. 8, i^ 13.
4124. PERSECUTION by Goths. Athanaric
[the Goth] disdained the yoke of the[l{oman)
empire, and of the gospel. The faith ol^the new
converts was tried by the iiersecution which he
excited. A wagon, bearing aloft the shapeless
image of Thor, perhaps, or of Woden, was con-
ducted in solemn proce.s.sion through the streets
of the camp ; and the rebels, who refused to
worship the god of their fathers, were immedi-
ately burnt, with their tents and families. — Giu-
BON'rt KoMK, ch. 37, p. ^A2.
4125. PERSECUTION of Heretice. Eitfjlwh.
In the reign of Richard II. the Commons would
not permit that the Church should imprison
lieretics without the king's con.sent. Now [.\.».
1401] heretics were to be burnt on the sole
sentence of the ecclesiastical courts. . . . The
first victim was William Salter, a London clergy-
man. — Knioiit's Eno., vol. 2, ch. 3, p. 45.
4126. PERSECUTION, Impolitic, nm/wnott.
The edict of Nantes had been passed in the reign
of Henry IV., givin;' Mie Protestants liberty of
conscience, and had men confirmed by Louis
XIII., under certain restrictions with regard to
public worship. Louis [XIV.] revoked the
edict; the whole Huguenot churches were de-
molished, the ministers banished, and, what was
a refinement of persecution, the Protestiuits were
at the same time prohibited, under the severest
penalties, from quitting the kingdom. That
prohibition, however, was ineffectual, and above
.100,000 people made; their escape out of France,
and, carrying with them all their property,
found a welcome a.sylum in Germany, Switzer-
land, Holland, and England. By this mo.st im-
l)olitic measure France su.stained a very .severe
loss, not only in the article of population, but in
commerce and manufactures. [See No. 4144.] —
Tytlkh'8 Hist., Book 6, ch. 34, p. 462.
412r. PERSECUTION ineffective. Wydiffe.
In 1441 the Council of Constance . . . decreed
C;atthe body of AVycliffe should be " taken from
the jjround and thrown far away from the bur-
ial of any church." It was thirteen years be-
fore this ni'serable ve.igeance was carried into
effect, by disinterring and burning oiir first
Englisfi reformer's body, throwing his ashes into
a brook. " The brook did convey his ashes into
Avon ; Avon into Severn ; Severn into the nar-
row seas ; they into the main ocean ; and thus
the ashes of Wydiffe are the emblem of his doc-
trine, which is now disjx'r.sed all the world over."
— Knkiiit'hEno., vol. 2, ch. <*, p. 54.
4 12i. PERSECUTION of Jews. Fmnce. [In
1321] the i)oi)ular fury was once more diitcled
against the luifortunaie Jews, who never failed
to .suffer in every fresh outl)reak of i)er.secu1ion.
They were hurried indiscriminately to the stake,
without (he semblance of anj- judicial i)roceilure ;
atChinon, in Touraine, an enormous j)it was dug
near the castle, a fire lighted at the bottom, and
one hundred aiul sixty wretched victims of both
sexes hurled, pell-mell, into the flames. The
richer class were kept in pri.son until an account
had been obtained of their property and of the
amount of their claims acquired by lending
money ; tliese the king transferred to his own
credit ; and a sum of 150,000 livres is .sidd to
have been thus added to the royal treasury. —
Stidknts' Histokvok Fu.xnck, ch. 9, S; 23.
4129. PERSECUTION by the Persecuted.
QiKtkern. In July of 1656 the (Quakers began to
arrive at Boston. The first who came were Ann
Au.stin and Mary Fisher. The introduction of
the plague would have occasioned less alarm.
The two women were caught and searched for
marks of witchcraft, their trunks were broken
open, their books were burned by the hangman,
and the}' themselves thrown into pri.son. After
several weeks' confinement they were brought
forth and banished from the colony ; l)efore the
end of the year eight others had been arrested
and sent back to England. The delegates of
the union were immediately convened, and a rig-
orous law was passed excluding all Quakers
from the country. Whipping, the loss of one
ear, and banishment were the penalties for the
first offence ; after a second conviction the other
ear should be cut of ; and should the criminal
again return, his tongue should be bored through
with a red-hot iron. In 1657 Ann Burden,
who had come from London to preach against
persec'ution, was seized and beaten with twenty
stripes. Others came, were whipped and ex-
iled. As the law become more cruel and jiro-
.scriptive, fresh victims rushed forward to l)rave
its terrors. The assembly of the four colonies
again convened, and advised the authorities of
^Ia.ssaclnisetts to pronounce the penalty of death
against the fanatical disturbers of the public
peace. — Rnir.\Tii's U. S., ch. 14, p. 136.
4130. PERSECUTION powerless. Martym.
Bonner, Bishop of London, . . . asked a youth
who was brought before him whether he thought
lie could bear the fire. The boy at once held hi-;
liand without tiinching in the flame of a candle
that stood by. Rogers, a fellow-worker with
Tyndale in the translation of the Bible, and one
of the foremost among the Protestant preachers,
died bathintf his hands in the flame " as if it had
been in cold water." Even the commonest lives
gleamed for a moment into poetry at the stake.
" Pray for me," a boy, William Brown, who had
PERSECUTION.
480
been brought home to Brentwood to suffer, • sked
of the bystiinderH. "I will pray no more for
thee," one of them replied," than I will pray for
a dog." " Then," said William, " Son of God,
shine ui)On mo ;" and immediately the wm in the
elcmcintH shone out of a dark cloud so full in his
face that he was constrained to look another way;
whereat the people mused, because it was 80<lark
a little time before. — IIiht. ok Eno. Plioi'lk,
4131. FEBSECnTIONbyProteitantB. EnglMi.
The Pres))yterian Parliament of Eii;i;land l)ecame
more violent for conformity than the Court of
High Commission which the Parliament had de-
.stroyed. . . . The imposition of the covenant
upon all the beneticed clergy was the declaration
of an intolerant tyranny against the most con-
scientious. — Knioht's En(i., vol. 4, eh. 3, p. 30.
413a. PEKSECUTION of Protestants. Irdand.
[Thirty Ihousivnd Catholics, with Sir Phelini
O'Neal at their head, attacked the Puritan .set-
tlers in the north of Ireland.] They were driven
from their houses in an inclement season. They
tied to the hills and morasses, wlicre they per-
islied of hunger. They were put to death with
all the horrors that only savages and fanatics can
inflict. Women and children were nundered
with relentless fury. Clarendon says : " About
forty or fifty thou.sand of the English Protestants
were murdered before they suspected them-
selves to be in danger." — Knight's Eno., vol. 3,
ch. 28, p. 464.
4133. . Francis I. In January,
1535, the king presided at a .solemn ceremo-
nial of expiation at Paris, after which six wretch-
ed victims were committed to the flames with
horrible refinements of torture ; a machine had
been invented by which they were alternately
lowered into the fire and withdrawn again, so as
to prolong their sufferings to the utmo.st. — Stu-
dents' FuANCE, ch. 14, t; 12.
4134. . Francis I. Francis dis-
graced the concluding years of his reign by
measures of the most barbarous severity toward
the unfortunate Protestants of Provence. The
Vaudois, as they were called, a simple, inoffen-
.sive, and loyal population, inhabited a few ob-
scure towns and villages in the vicioity of Avig-
non and Aix. Orders were suddenly sent down
to the Parliament of Provence, in January,
1 545, to exterminate these helpless peasants, who
were denounced as dangerous heretics ; and the
sentence was at once executed with a ferocious
cruelty unparalleled in history. Three towns and
twenty-two hamlets were totally destroyed ;
three thou.sand of their inhabitants, among whom
were numbers of women and children, unresist-
ingly butchered in cold blood ; seven hundred
condemned for life to the galleys. Similar hor-
rors were renewed in the following year at Meaux,
where sixty of the Reformed Church, all mechan-
ics or pea.sants, were sentenced to various de-
grees of rigorous puni.shment, and fourteen were
Inn-nt together at the stake. [See No. 4145.] —
Students' Fhanck, ch. 14, § 16.
4135. PEE8ECUTI0N by Puritans. In Massa-
chusetts. A fine was imposed on such as .should
entertain any ' ' of the accursed sect ;" and a
Quaker, after the first conviction, was to lose one
ear ; after the second, another ; after the third, to
have the tongue Imred with a hot iron. It wa.«i
but for a very short time that the menace of
these enorndties found place in the statute-book.
— Bancuokt'h '■. H., vol. 1, ch. 10.
4136. PEBBECUTION, Beaotion of. Qxecn
Mary's. The work of terror failed in tlu; very
ends of which it was wrought. The old spirit
of in.solent defiance, of outrageous violence,
ro.se into fresh life; at the challenge of persecu-
tion. A Protestant liung a string of puddings
round a priest's neck in derision of his bea('s.
The restored images were gro.ssly insulted. The
old .scurrilous ballads against the mass and rel-
ics were heard in the streets. Men were goaded
to sheer madness liy the bloodshed and violence
ahout them. One miserable wretch, driven to
frenzy, stabbed the i)riest of St. Margaret's as
he stood with tins chalice in his hand. It was a
more formidable sign of the times that acts of
violence such as these no longer stirred the peo-
ple at large to their former resentment. The
horror of the persecution swept away all other
feelings. Every death at the .stake won htm-
dreds to the cause for which the victims died.
" You have lost the liearts of twenty thousand
that were rank ])apisls within thes(! twelve
months," a Protestant wrot triumphantly to
Bonner. — Hist, ok Eng. People, § 662.
4137. . Joan of Arc. Twenty
years afterward the two venerable friars, simple
monks, vowed to i)overty, and having nothing
to hope or fear in this world, bear witness to the
.scene we have ju.st described. " We heard her,"
they .say, " in the midst of the flames invoke lier
saints, her archangel ; severid times she called
on her Saviour. ... At tlu last, as her head
sunk on her bosom, she shrieked, ' Jesus ! ' "
" Ten thousand men wept. ..." A few of the
English alone laughed, or endeavored to laugh.
One of the most furious among them had sworn
that he would throw a fagot on the pile. Just
as he brought it she breathed her la.st. He was
taken ill. Ilis comrades led him to a tavern to
recruit his s]iirits by drink, but he was beyond
recovery. " I saw," he exclaimed, in his frantic
despair — "i .saw a dove fly out of her mouth
with her last sigh." Others had read in the
flames the word " Jesus," which she so often re-
peated. The executioner repaired in the even-
ing to Brother Isambart, full of consternation,
and confessed himself, but felt persuaded that
God woidd never pardon him. . . . One of the
English king's secretaries said alou-' on return-
ing from the dismal scene, "We are lost ; we
have burnt a saint." — Miciielet's Joan, p. 59.
413§. . Puritans. [In 1.593 Arch-
bi.shop Whitgift prohibited all preaching, read-
ing, or catechising in private houses, if any re-
sorted thereto not of the .same family. He
drove the clergy to .subscribe anew and more
stringently to the queen's supremacy. The
result was first a furious attack upon episco-
pacy in the pamphlets of Martin Marprelate ;
and then .severe laws against the Puritans, which
had no ultimate effect but that of fortifying their
opinions, and ultimately making their cause the
rallying point of civil and religious liberty.] —
Knight's Eno., vol. 3, ch. 16, p. 244.
4130. FEBSECUTION, Sectarian. Bitter. The
records of the Scottish Parliament were thick
set with laws denouncing vengeance on those
4'J()
rKU.SlOCUTlON.
t
I
W '
t
wlio ill any (lircotloii sirayt'd from tlic prcHcrih-
(•(1 |)al('. I5y an ad piissrd in the limc of Knox,
and Ijicaliiini; iiis s|)iril, it was a iii,iz:li critnc to
lii'ar mass, and llic lliiiil olTcncc was capital.
An act recently i)assed,nt tlie inslanci' of .lai'ics
[II. 1, ina<le it deatii to preacli in any I'reslnle-
rian convcnlici<' wliate\cr, and even to attend
swell a conventicle in tlie o|i(ii air. — M.\( .vri,.\v's
Est., ell. (I, p. 1(1,").
•I I JO. PERSECUTION, Selfish, h'lii/irmr Xrn:
The voice of rumor accused the emperor as the
incendiary of his own capital ; and as the most
iiicredililc stories are the lie.st, adapted tothei;<'n-
ius of an enra,i,'ed people, it was irravely reported
and firiidy lielievcd that Nero, cnjoyinj; the ca-
lamity whii'li he had occasioned, amii.sed iiimsclf
witli siiiiring to his lyre the destruction of an-
cient Troy. To divert ii .susijicion, which the
l)()\ver of despotism was unalile to suppress, the
emperor resolved to suhstiliite in his own placi!
some fictitious criminals. " With Ihi.s view,"
continues Tacitus, " he inflicted the most ox-
cpiisile tortures on those men who, under tlit!
vulj^ar appellatior. of C^hristiaiis, were already
branded with deserved infamy. They derived
their name and orifjin from (Jlirist, who in the
reign of Tiherius liad suiri-red death by tie; sen-
tence of the ]>rocnrat()r Pontius Pilate." — Oiu-
JiON's Ko.MK, eh. 10, p. 17.
4141. PERSECUTION, Severe. In Scotland.
John lirown, a i)()or carrier of Lanarkshire, was,
for his sini^ular i)iety, commonly called the
Christian carrier ; . . . blameless in life, and so
peaceable! that the tyrants could find no ofTence
in him except that he absented himself from the
public worship of the Episcojialians. On the
Ist of May he was cutting turf, when he was
seized by t.'laverhouse's dragoons, rapidly exam-
ined, convicted of noneonformit_v, and sentenced
to death. It is said that even among the sol-
di(;rs it was not easy to (ind an executioner, for
the wife of the ])()or man was present. She led
one little child by the hand ; it was easy to see
that she was about to give birth to another ;
and even tho.se wild and hard-hearted men, who
nicknamed one another Heelzebuband A])ollyon,
shrank from the great wickedness of butchering
her husband before her face. The jiri-soner,
meanwhile, rai.sed above himself by the near
prospect of eternity, prayed loud and fervent-
ly as one inspired, till CMaverhouse, in a furv,
shot him dead. It was reported by credible wit-
nesses that the widow crietl out in her agonv,
" \Vell, sir, well ; the day of reckoning will
come ;"and that the murderer replied, " To man
I can answer for what I have do;u; ; and as for
God, I will take Him into mine own haiul !" —
Macaulay's Kx(i., ch. 4, p. 464.
4142. PERSECUTION, rfhameful. Scotland.
Margaret ]\Iaclachlan and Margaret Wilson, the;
former an aged widow, the latter a maiden of
eightecMi, sulfered death for their religion in
Wigtonshire. They were offered their lives if
they would con.sent to abjure the cause of the
insurgent Covenanters, and to attend the Episco-
pal worship. They refused, and they were sen-
tenced to be drowned. They were carried to a
spot which the Solway f)verrtows twice a day,
and fa.steneil to .stakes fixed in the .sand, between
high and low water mark. The elder sufferer
was placed near to the advaiKMiig flood, in the
hoi le that her last agonies might terrify the young
!'i' into submission. The sight was dreadful ;
i)Ul the courage of the survivor was sustained by
an eiitluisiasni as lofty as any thai is recorded in
martyrology. She saw the .sea draw nearer and
nearer, but gave no sign of alarm. She prayed
and sang verses of p>-:;lnis till the waves choi.cd
iier voice. When she had lasted the bitlerncss
of ileal h, she was, by a cruel mercy, iinboiiiid
and restored to life. \Vlien sin caiiu! to herself,
jiitying fritnds and neighbors implored her to
yield. " Dear Margaret, only say <»od save the
king !" The jioor girl, true to her stern theolo-
gy, gasped out, " .May God save him, if it be
(}od's will !" Her friends crowded round the
presiding olllcer. " She has .said it ; indeed, sir,
she has .said it. " ' ' Will she lake tlus abjuratiou V"
he di'iiianded. " Never I" she exclauned. "I
am (!lirist's; let me go !" And the waters clo.sed
over her for the last time. — Macai'I.ay's Eno.,
ch. 4, p. 40.").
4143. PERSECUTION from Superstition. Pa-
fjaiLs. If the emiiire had been afflicted by any
recent calamity, by a plague, a famine!, or an
unsuccessful war — if the Tiber luid, or if the
Nile had not, risen beyond its banks — if the earth
had shaken, or if the temperate order of the .sea-
sons had been interrupted, the svijierstltious Pa-
gans were convinced that the crimes and the im-
piety of the Christians, who were spared by the
excessive l(!nity of the government, had at length
provoked the divine justice. It was not among
a licentious and exasperated j)()i)ulace that the
form., of legal jjroceeilings could be observed ; it
was not in an amphitheatre stained with the
blood of wild beasts and gladiators that the voice
of compassion could be heard. The impatient
clamors of the multitude denounced the Chris-
tians as the enemies of gods and men, doomed
them to the severest tortures, and venturing to
accuse by name .some of the most distinguished
of the new sectaries, required with irresistible
vehemence that they should be instantly Hpi)re-
hended and cast to the lions. — Gn hon's RoMK.
ch. 1(5, p. 28.
4144. PERSECUTION, Terrible. Louw XIV
ar/(iin.'<t JIuyiii'iiotx. [In old age he .sought t't
make] an atonement for the voluiiluoiis j)rofliga-
cy of his life. Property was exi)o.sed to j)lunder;
religious books were burned ; cliildren torn from
their parents ; faithful ministers, who would not
abandon their flocks, broken on the whe(!l. Men
were dragged to the altars, to be tortured into a
denial of the faith of their fathers ; and a relapse
was punished with extreme rigor. The approach
of death removes the fear of persecution ; bigotry
invented a new terror ; the bodies of those w ho
died rejecting the sacraments were thrown out
to wolves and dogs. The mean-spirited, who
changed their religion, were endowed by law
with the entire property of their family. The
dying father was made to choo.se between wronjj;-
ing his conscience by ai)osta.sy and beggaring his
offspring by fidelity! All children were ordered
to be taken away from Protestant jjarenls. . . .
It became a study ... to inflict all the pain the
human body coid'd endure and not die. . . . Ten
thousand perished. . . . Half a million of its best
citizens [were driven] into exile. [See No. 4126.]
— Bancuoft's U. S., vol. 2, ch. 13.
1)
PERSECUTION— I'KIWEVEIIANCE.
401
'll'Ift. . VauiloiH. Th« Viuulois
vn'W wi'ctclicdiy pooi.iiml had hccn iiiccsHimtly
(lie ()l)jccls of iijL;;4:i'('SMi()ii mid persecution. In
Jiiniiiii'v, 1(1.')."), II sudden deterrniniilion wiis liik-
en l)y llie Turin j^ovenunenl to make tlicni eon-
form to till! ('atiiolie reli;;ion hy force.'. Tiio
whole of tlie iidial)ilant.s of tiiree valleys were
ordered to (|uil the country within three days,
under pain of death and oiitiscation of floods,
mdesH they would hecome, or undertake to lie-
<'om(!, Catholic. 'I'hey .sent their hiunhic remon-
Miranee.s to the court of 'I'urln a,i,'ainst this edict.
The remonstrances were disrcfrardi'd, and mili-
tary (execution was ordered. On April IT, KI.V),
the soldiers, recruits from all countries — the Irish
are specially mentioned — were let loosi'iijion the
unarrne<l population. Murderand ra|)eand hurn-
in.!^ are th(! ordinary incidents of miliiary e.vccu-
tions. Thcs(! were not enouirh to satisfy the fe-
rocity of the Catholic .soldiery, win) revelled for
many days in the inlliclion oi' all that hrutal lust
or savage cruelty can suf^trest to men. [See No.
4134.] — Mii/i'on'h I'attison, cii. 11.
4146. PERSEVERANCE, Admirable. Colii m -
biiM. fjct those who an; disposed to faint tinder
difllculticH, in the prosecution of any great and
worthy undertakim^, remend)er that eiij:hteen
years elapsed after the time that C^)hunl)ns ('on-
ceived his enteri)ri.se hcfore In; was enahled to
carry it into eilect ; that the fj^reater part of tlnit
time was pa.ssed in almost ho])ele.ss solicitation,
amid poverty, neglect, and taunting ridicuh; ;
tliat the prime of his life had wasted away in the
struggle, and that when his perseverance was
linally crowned with success, lie was about in his
fifty-sixth year. His example should encour-
age the enterprising never to despair. — Ikving's
Coi.u.MiJiis, Hook 2, ch. 6.
4147. PERSEVERANCE continued. Abraham
Lincoln. Being asked by an " anxious visitor"
what ho would do . . . provided the rebellion
was not subdued after three or four years of ef-
foit, . . . " Oh," said the President, "there is
no alternative but tn hrcp ' pegying aicni/f'" —
Uavmond's Lincoln, p. 7.':'2.
4 1 4§. PERSEVERANCE, Earnest. liatUe. [Dur-
ing the battle between the tleets of William III.
and Louis XIV., in 10!)!3,] Carter, rear-admiral
of the Blue, broke the French line at the onset,
was mortidly wounded, and dying, exclaimed,
" Fight the ship as long as she can swim !" The
victory wius complete, the French Hying in every
direction. [The French were attempting an in-
vasion of England.] — Kniout's Eno., vol. 5,
ch. 10, p. 14!).
4149. PERSEVERANCE vs. Force. Irresistible.
[Sertorius' army lieing defeated l)y the barba-
rians, he endeavored to] roiiS(! them up out of
their despondence. For which purpo.se, a few
days after, he assembled all his forces, and pro-
duced two horses before them ; the one old and
feeble, the other large and stronu;, and remarkable
beside for a tine flowing tail. By the poor weak
horse stood a robust, able-bodied man, and by the
strong horse stood a little man of a verj' contempt-
iljle appearance. Upon a signal given, the strong
man begau to pull and drag about the weak horse
by the tail, as if he would pull it off ; and the
little man to pluck off the hairs of the great
horse's tail, one by one. The former tugged and
toiled a long time to the great diversion of the
Hpectators, and at last was forced to give up th«
l).)int ; the latter, without any dillleidty, soon
stripped the great horse's tail of all its ludr.
Then Sertorius ro.se u|> and said : " You see, my
friends and fellow-soldiers, how much greater an;
lli(! cITects of perseverance than those of force,
and that there are many things invincible in their
collective capacity aiul in a state of union which
may gradually be overcome, when they are once
separated. In short, perseverance is irresislibh.'.
My this means time attacks and destroys the
strongest things upon earth. Time, I .say, who
is the best friend and ally to those that have the
discernment to use it properly, and watch the op-
portunities it ])reseiits, and the worst enemy to
those; who will Ix- rushing into action when it
does not call them." By such symbols as Ihcso
Seitorius ajiplied to the senses of the barbarimis,
and instructed them to wait for proper junctures
and occasions. — Pi.iT.Micn's SKuro nil's.
4150. PERSEVERANCE, Obstinate. Cnisaders.
The enthusiasm of the first crusade is a natural
and simple ev(!nt, whiU; hope was fresh, danger
untried, and enterprise congenial to the spirit of
the times. But tlu; obstinate perseverance of
Europe may indeed excite our pity and admira-
tion ; that no instruction should have bei'ii drawn
from constant and adverse experience ; that the
same contidence should have repeatedly grown
from the same failures ; that six succeeding gen-
erations should have rushed headlong down the
precijiice that was open before them ; and that
men of every condition should have staked their
public and private fortunes on the desperate ad-
venture of iws.se.ssing or recovering a tombstone
two thousand miles from their country. — Gm-
itoN's Ro.MK, ch. 59, p. 12.
4151. PERSEVERANCE in Oratory. Benjamin
Disraeli. There was some curiosity respecting
his ^/e/^M^ as an orator. . . . The gentlenu'n of the
I Iou.se of Commons expected that Disraeli would
make a fool of him.self ; and he did notdisappoinl
them. His first effort was a ludicrous failure —
his maiden speech being received with " loud
bursts of laughter." The newspapers .siiid of him
that he went up like a rocket and came down liko
a stick. . . . Writhing under the shouts of laugh-
ter which had drowned so much of his studied
eloquence, he exclaiiued, in almost a savage
voice, "I have begun several times many things,
and hav(! often succeeded at last. I shall sit down
now, but the time will come when i/oii will hear me."
— S.MILKS' BhIEF BlOOH.MMltKS, p. 234.
4152. PERSEVERANCE rewarded. John Fitch.
He did persevere. We cannot begin to relate tlio
obstacles he encountered. A considi-rable volume
would scarcely afford the recjuisite space. Poor,
ragged, and forlorn, jeered at, i)itied as a mad-
man, discouraged by the great, refu.sed by the
rich, he and his few friends kept on, until, in
1790, they had a steamboat running on the Dela-
ware, which was the first steamboat ever con-
structed that answered the j.urpose of one. It
ran, with the tide, eight miles an hour, and six
miles against it. — Cvci.oPKniA ok Bigg., p. 151.
4153. PERSEVERANCE, Scotch. Samuel
Johnson. He mentioned a circumstance as char-
acteristic of the Scotch. " One of that nation,"
said he, " who had been a candidate, against
whom I had voted, came up to me with a civil
salutation. Now, sir, this is their way. An Eng-
f ifl
402
PEUHEVEUANCE— PIIILANTIIUOPY.
lisliiimii would Imvi- .storuiuhcd it , iind iKU'n Hiilky,
imd lU'vcr Imvc liikcii fiiillicr notic*! of you ; but
iiHcotcluniiii, Hir, lliou^^li you vote uinftct :i liiiu's
against liiiu, will accost you with eiiual coniplais-
ancf after each time, and tlio twciilu'tli time, sir,
lu! will get your vote." — Hoswkm/h .Iounhon,
p. 4;{!}.
<IIAI. PERSEVERANCE, Suooeii by. CharlcH
Uoodi/tiir. [The inventor of vulcanl/.ed rubber. |
Hut C'hiirles Ooodyear was a man wlio, having
underlalien a thing, could not give it up. Ho
Ktruggled on for live years — in debt, with a fiim-
ily, ande.\i)oscd to the derision or reproaches of
his friends. Several limes he was in lln^ delit-
ors' ))rison. Ih- sold his elTecIs, lit^ pawned his
trinkets, he borrowed from his ac(|uaintances, he
reduced him.self and Ids young family to the se-
verest straits. When he could no longer buy
wood to mt'lt his rul)ber with, his children used
to go out into the fields and pick up sticks for the
purpo.se. Always supposing himself to be on the
point of succeeding, he thought th(! (pnckest way
to get his family out of their misery was to stick
to India rubber. — C'vci.orKDi.voK hioo., p. 218.
'lifts. PERSISTENCE, Undeviating. Colmn-
bux. Two boobies (lew on board the shii)s, birds
wluch, ho observed, seldom tly tw(;nty leagues
from land. He sounded, therefore, with a line of
two hundred fathoms, but foiuid no bottom. He
supi)osed he nught bo passing between islani's,
lying to the north and soutli, but was unwilling
to waste the pn.'sei.i. favoring breczo l»y going
in .search of tliem ; besides, ho had conti(lently
aflirmed that land was to be found by keeping
steadfastly to the west ; his whole exi)edition hail
been founded on such a presumption ; ho should,
therefore, risk all credit and authority with his
people were he to appear to doubt and waver,
and to go groping blindly from point to point of
the compass. Ho resolved, therefore, to keep one
bold course always westward, until ho should
reach the coast of India ; and afterward, if advis-
able, to seek tlie.se islands on his return. — lu-
viNu's ConTMnrs, Hook 3, ch. 2.
4156. PERSUASION, Eloquence in. Pericles.
[Pericles gained the surname Olympius. The
comedies of the times] indicate that this title
was given him chieHy on account of his elo-
quence. For they tell us that in his harangues
lie thundered and lightened, and that his tongue
was armed with thunder. Tlmcydides, the son
of ^lilesius, is said to have given a pleasant ac-
count of the force of his elo(iuonce. Thucydides
was a great and respectable man, who for a long
l.me opposed the mea.sures of Pericles ; and when
Archidamus, one of the kings of Lacodtemon,
asked him which was the best wrestler, Pericles
or he, he answered, ' ' When I throw him, ho says
he was never down, and he persuades the very
spectators to believe so." — Plutakcii's Pehi-
CLE9.
4157. PESTILENCE, Devastating. England.
The first and the greatest lasted from the 31st of
May to the 29th of September, 1349 ; in this year
■we find charters and other documents, dated . . .
as the year of the great pestilence. . . . It was call-
ed the Black Plague. . . . This disease originated
in upper India and China, in 1346, and gradually
spreading through Asia, in four years compre-
hended nearly all Europe. Boccaccio tells us in
England the pestilence . . . left scaxcely a third
part of the population remaining. This i.s proba-
i»ly an exaggeration.— Kniciiit's Eno., vol. 1,
ch. 30, p. 4(19.
4I5M. PESTILENCE, Rapid. Home. In a sea-
son of excessive rains the Tiber swelled abovn
its banks, luid rushed with irresistible violence
into the valleys of the seven hills. A pestilen-
tial disease arose from the stagnation of the del
uge, and .so rapid was the contagion that four-
score persons expired in an hour in tlie midst of
a solemn procession, which iniplored the mercy
of heaven. — GnmoN's Ko.Mk, ch. 45, p. 417.
4150. PETITION denied. Anti-Slaren/. In
the light of tlu! iireseni day ... it is hard to
believe that during tlie Presidency of Mr. \'iiii
Huron . . . the Hou.se of Kepresentatives voted
that "every petition, memorial, resolutinn,
))roposition, or i)aper, toucldng or relating in
any way or to any extent whatever to slavery
or tlie abolition thereof, shall on ]ire.sentati(>n,
without any furtlier action thereon, be laid upon
the table, without l)eing debated, printed, or re-
ferred." — Hl.mnk's Twknty Yeahs ok C'on-
(tUKss, J). 24.
4 1 «0. PETITION, Immense. CfiartixU. [On
the lOth of April, 1H4H, Mr. Feargus O'C'onncr
l)resented to the House of Oommons the peti-
tion of the (.'hartisis, which was said to have re-
ceived 5,7()0,(K)0 signatures.]— Knioht's Enci.,
vol. H, ch. 30, p. fwO.
4161. PETITION, Right of. Early Abolition-
iK(.t. These apostles of universal liberty liesieged
Congress with memorials jiraying for such legis-
lation as would carry out their designs. . . .
Heprescntativcs from the slave-holding States . . .
.sought to deny them a hearing, and declared tliat
the mere consideration of their propositions by
Congress would not only justify, but would in-
evitably procijiitato a dissolution of the Union.
Undaunted by any form of oppo.sition, tlie Aboli-
tionists stubbornly maintained their ground, and
linally succeeded in creating a great popular ex-
citement by simply insisting on the simple right
of petition as in.separable from free government
and free citizenship. [John Quincy Adams was
their champion for the right of petition.] —
ie's 'IWEN
Blaine'
3.
TV Ykaus ok Congkess, p
416a. PETITION, Tender. For Strafford's
Life. Men vote unanimously with tlieir party,
from fear of each other, for mea.sures which,
when taken singly, they would abhor to think
of. Man in a ma.ss is no longer man — he becomes
an element. To move this deaf and cruel ele-
ment of the House of Commons, Charles [II.]
used every elTort to flatter the pride and touch
the feeling of these tribunes of the people, lie
wrote a most pathetic letter, bedewed with his
tears, and sent it to the Parliament, to render it
more irresistible, by the hand of a child, his son,
the Prince of Wales, whose beauty, tender age,
and innocence ought to have made refusal im-
possible from sulijects petitioned by such a sup-
pliant. — Lamautine's Ckomwell, p. 14.
4163. PHILANTHROPY, Example of. John
Howard. [He built neat cottages, which ho let
to his tenants on conditions favorable to virtue
and good order.] One was, that the tenant should
go to church once every Sunday ; another, that
he should never go to the ale house ; another,
that he should never gamble ; . , , children
PIIILANTIIUOPY— PHYSIQUE.
498
pc) to school ; . . rent iihoiit |10 ii year. . . .
One of IiIm nci>^liI)orM, loo, ohncrviiip; wliiit iiii ex-
cellent etTect a clean and nrojuir dwelling' liuil
upon the inoralH of a family, followed Ids ex
ample, and liuilt a considerahU! munher of cot-
tajicM ; HO that, in ahont, ten years, the whole
village was reladlt, and, from heiiig ono of the
meanest, dirtiest, and most iiidiealthy jilaces in
the county, it Ix-came the j)rettieHt, ijleasantest,
anil most salid)riouH village in that part of Kng-
liind. — ('Y(i,orKi)!A OK liioo., p. H7.
1101. PHILANTHROPY, Experimental. John
/fiiiriird. In one prison tliere were <'ight cells,
sixteen stejjs helow the surface of llu; earth, in
si/.e thirteen feet hy idne, without window or
lamii, and ventilated oidy l)y a funnel. Info
these damp, cold, and noisome cells not a ray
of lijrht ever ixiuetraled, and " in tlH^n," siyn
Howard, " poor creatures were confined, day
and night, for weeks, for months together."
After only a few days' confinement in one of
them a man would come out vellow, emaciated,
and almost out of his senses, lloward was never
content nu'rely to ascertain the existence of sucli
dungeons ; ho went down into them himself, re-
mained in them an hour or more, conversed with
their wret<!hed inmates, and employed his [meas-
uring] rule, !:'s scales, and his thermometer to
render his description exact. — Cvclopkdia ok
Biou., p. 48.
4165. PHILANTHHOPY, Praotioal. John How-
uvfJ. Howanl ;)egan by improving the dwell-
ings of Ins tenants. One after another lie pulled
down the ancient hovels, and Inult, in their
stead, neat and convenient cottages, contain-
ing never less than three rooms. To each
cottage he attached a small garden in the rear
for vegetables, and in front a little patch for
flowers, .surrounding the whole with a pretty
picket fence. As the ground was low and
marshy, he haditdrainedby asy.stem of ditches,
wliich almo.st banished from the place the agues
and the fevers to which the inhal)itants had be-
fore l)een subject. When he had completed ope
cottage, he let it to the man in the village who
bore the be.st character for sobriety and industry,
and he let it at the same rent that was paid for
the wretched huts. — Cyclopedia of Biog.,
p. 36.
4166. PHILOSOPHY, Advantage of. Ford-
tudc. When a certain stranger derided Diony-
si\is at Corinth, in a very rude and .scornful
niiinner, for having, in tluMneridianof his power,
taken pleasure in tlie discourse of philosophers,
and at last asked him what he had got by the
wisdom of Plato, " Do you think," .sfiia he,
" that we have reaped no advantage from Plato,
when we bear in this manner such a change of
fortune ?" — Plutakcii's Timoi,kon.
4167. PHILOSOPHY, Speculative. Tmpracti-
eithle. Speculative philosophers have seldom
been good legislators ; the history of great men
affords not one example of the two characters
combined. The Republic of Plato is still an
ideal sy.stem of beautiful puerilities to states-
men ; the Politics of Aristotle have seldom had a
legislative copyist ; the Utopia of Sir Thomas
More is .still a Utopia, the source of proverbial
expression to our language, but of no laws to our
commonwealths ; the new Atlantis of Bacon is
yet a dream, notwithstanding its utilitarian sug-
geHtions ; Locke's fundamental Constitutions of
Carolina were found Impracticable ; and Hous-
seau's Contra Social ranks only as an example
of political rhetoric— Htkvknh' Mktiiodihm,
vol. a, p. 81)».
416M. PHYSICIAN, Empirical. Siin-fiu^ul
Louis XV. was . . . given over by the physicians,
and received the last sacraments ; but a violent
renuidy jirescribed by an empiric arrested the
disease, and in flu^ coursi? of a U'W days he waa
pronoiuiced out of danger.— HtiidknthFuance,
ch. 2!1, k5 12.
4169. PHYSICIAN, Mythological. .Kxnilain.
iiH. He was the god of medicine and the patron
of the medical profession. The most conunon
story nnikcs him the son of Apollo. He went
about healing diseases and raising the dead to
life. Pluto, god of Hades, took alarm at flii' lat-
ter exi)loif, and complained to Zens that .Kscu-
lapiuH was invading his bailiwick. I le acknowl-
eilged the justice of the; complaint, and struck
/Kscidapius dead with a flash of lightning. . . .
The seriHMit was his favorite type. . . . The
priests of the temple were the only regular prac-
titioners of anticiuity, but in later times the
priests took pujjils and iidtiatcd them into tht
mysteries of medicine, and these were regarded
as regularly trained physicians. — Am. Cyclope
DiA, " vEhcim.aphs."
4170. PHYSICIANS, Coumingling. Dei.th of
Charlt'H II. All the medical men of note in Lon-
don were sun\moned. So high did political ani-
mosities run, that the presence of some Whig
physicians was regartiecl as an extraordinary cir-
cumstance. One Roman ( atholic, wliose skill
was then widely renowned, Doctor Thomas
Short, was in attendance. Several of the i)re-
scriptions have been i)r(«ervj'd. One of them is
sign(!(l by fourteen doctors. The patient wasl)led
largely. Hot iron was applied to his liead. A
loathsome volatile salt, extracted from hiunan
skulls, was forced into his mouth. He recovered
his .senses : but he was evidently in a situation
of extreme danger. — MacatlaV's Eno., ch. 4,
p. 402.
4171. PHYSICIANS, Disagreement of. Death
of Charles II. The fourteen doctors who delib-
erated on the king's ca.se "ontradicted each other
and themselves. Some of them thought that his
fit was epileptic, and that he should be suffered
to have his doze out. The majority pronounced
him apoplectic, and tortured him during some
hours like an Indian at a stake. Then it was de-
termined to call his comjilaint a fever, and toad-
minister doses of bark. One physician, however,
jirotested again.st this course, and assured the
queen that his brethren would kill the king
among them. Nothing better than di.ssension
and vacillation could be expected from such a
multitude of advisers. — Macaulay's Eno.,
ch. 4, p. 410.
4172. PHYSIQUE, Proof by. liepresentativea
In 169.5 the French court sent Harlay, the pres-
ident of the Parliament of Paris, to sound the
Dutch as to the possibility of a peace. Pale and
very thin was the envoy. " Are you a .sample,"
said the rough republicans, "of the wretched
condition of France ?" " Let me send for my
wife," replied the clever lawyer, " and she will
five you a notion of our thriving state."—
[night's Eng., vol. 5. ch. 12.
•1!I4
riKTY.
Jir:i. PIETY, Claimi of. CnnuKhrn. Kiicli
iiiuiifiiMc mill sciiiiiii^'ly iiicxiiimsillilc lorrcnm
pdiiriiii;' (Inwri ii|)i>n ('iiii''l;inliiiii|)lc ^'iivc, mh wc
111,'iy imtiinilly mi|i|»()s(', \tvy M^niil iiiiciisiiicxs to
till' I'llll|Mrnr AI('\ilH. I'lsri'jlclil piilitji'iiili MM III'
wiis, III' riiiMiil il iin|)i>Msil)lr III pi'i'Vt'nt ciintiiiiiMl
ililTrrrlH'i'-i mill il ;;l'i'iil ilcitl iif liloiiihlinj. Tjir
Cni-'.'iilci's iiniii;'iiii'il llial tlii' piety iiiiil iiii'i'il of
till' uiiiii'i'liikiii'^r ;;ti\(' tlii'iii a just clnitii to lir
iiiaiiiliiiiini mill Miippiirtcii ^riiliiitniiHly liv nil
wliip prnCi'ssi'il llit'iiisi'lvi's III lirClirislJmiM. 'Vlicy
liriiiivi'il with insiilTiTiililr iiisiiiciicc and folly ;
mill iiiatli'i's cmuc at Icii^Mli to Hint cxlrciiiily,
thai it wat seriously ])ri)pos('(l liy these newCni-
sailers III lie;;iii operations against llie inllileiN liy
llie ili'striietion of ('oiiMlmitiniiple, the capital
of the (llirislian worlil in the east. — Tyti-Ku'h
Mist,, Hunk ((, eh. 1), p. ITiH.
'I in. PIETY, Manly. (luMnriiHXIT. Eiiropo
tlrHl learned from liiin the iMipnrtaiice of infan-
try. All (Jerniaiiy was astoniHlied at the striel
discipline which, at tho first, so creditably dis-
linifiiished the Swedi.sh army within their terri-
tiirie.s; till disorders were punished with the ut-
MioHl H(!verity, particularly iinpielv, theft, ^fani-
Itlin;;, and duelling. The Swedish articles of
war enfor(;e(l friigality. In the camp, the king's
lent not excepted, neither silver nor gold wi. , to
he seen. The general's (iye looked as vigilantly
to the tnorul.s as to the iimrtial liravery of his
soldiers ; (tvery regiment was ordered to form
round its chaplain for morning and evening
jirayers. In all thesi; points tlio lawgiver was
also (in example. A sinceri^ and ardent piety ex-
alted his courage. K((Uiilly free from thecoiirso
inlidelity which leaves tho jtassions of the har-
Itarian without control, and from the grovelling
superstition of Ferdinand, wlm humbled himself
to the dust before the Supreme {{eiiig while he
haughtily trampled on his fellow-creature, in
the height of his success he was ever a man
and II Christian ; in the height of his devotion, a
king and ii hero. — Thikty Ykaus' Waii, i^ 230.
4175. PIETY, Ostentatious. Sahidin the Grand
Vizier. In faith and jiractice he was a rigid Mus-
sulman ; he ever de])lored that the defence of
religion had not allowed him to accomiilish IIk-
l>ilgrimiige of Mecca ; but at the stated hours,
live times each day, the sultan devoutly i)raye(l
with his brethren; the involunliirv omi.ssion of
fasting was scrupulously repaid ; and his peru-
.sal of the Koniii, on lior.seliack between tho ap-
proiichingarmies, may be (piotedasa proof, how-
ever ostentatious, of piety and courage. — GiiJ-
ho.n's Ko.mk, eh. .V.t, p. 23.
4170. PIETY, Practical. Pcrmnn, Itdifiiou.
Such is till! system of cosmogony contained in
these books of tho Zendavesta, u])on which the
whole religion of tho ancient Pttrxi was founded.
The ])ractical part of this religion consisteil.
(irst, in acknowledging and adoring Ormusd,
the principle of nil good, by n stric't observance
of purity in Ihouglit, words, and actions ; sec-
ondly, in showing a ])roporli()nal detestation of
.Vhriinan, his productions, and his works. Tho
most acceptable .service to Ormusd was ob.scrv-
iiig tho procoi)ts of the Zendavesta, reading that
work, aud repeating its liturgies. Tlio chief
among its forms of prayer are addressed not di-
rectly to Ormusd, but throujjh the medium of
his greatcMt work**, the niiii, the moon, and NliirH.
-TvTi.KiiH liisr.. Hook 1, cli. 11, p. Vi\.
■Iirr. PIETY, Privato. ('romirrlVH. Sir .lolin
Ooodricke used to relale a remarkable aniidiile,
which we should piobalily assign to the siege nf
Kriaresboroiigh Ciislli', in l!lt4, and which was
liild him when a boy by a \ery old woman,
who had formerly attetiiled his molhcr in the
capacity of midwife, " When Croinwell came
to lodge in our house, in Knaiesliornugh," said
she, " I was then but a young girl, 1 laving
heard much talk about the man, I Innkeil at hint
with wonder, Meiiig ordered to take a pan of
coals and air his bed, I could not, during tho
iiperalioii, forbear peeping over my shoulder sev-
eral limes to observe this extraordinary person,
who was seated at the far side of the room unty-
ing his giirters. Having aired the bed, I went
out, and shutting the door after me, slopped and
peeped through tlii^ keyhole, when I saw him
rise from his seat, advance! to the bed, and fall
on his knees, in which attitude I left him for
some time. When returning again, 1 found him
still at prayer; and this was his custom every
night .so long as he stayed at our house ; from
wliich I concluded lu^ must bo a good man. . . .
Mow manv of us writers and readers would stand
the test of the keyhole ?" — Hood'h Cuomwki.i,,
ch. 1, p. 24.
4ir«. PIETY for Profit. r<r)i,rittion. [In
11H9, when the Jews in York had been nmnler-
ed, tho bonds which thi'y had deposited with tho
oflicers of the cathedral were obtained by their
murderersand burned in the nave of Ihcchurch.]
One great object of the j)ersecution was accom-
plished. A load of debt was wiped off tho es-
tates of many a servant of the ero.ss by the do
struction of his victims, and with them the ovi.
donee of his own obligations was destroyed.—
Ivnioht's En(i., vol. 1, ch. 21, p. 300,
41 r». PIETY in Public Life. William Ceril.
[William Cecil, [-ord Hurleigh, the faithful coun-
sollor of Elizabeth for forty years, died in I.jKH.
Mo was tho first of a genorution of professional
statesmen. Mo had a deej) and abiding sense of
res])()nsibility.J Walsingham, .sei'ing him como
in from ])rayors, wished he won! as good a ser-
vant of Goil as tho lord treasurer. . . . Tho
reply of Burleigh is worthy to be held in roinem-
branco ; "I hold it meet for us to ask Uod'-s
grace to koc]) tin sound at heart who have so
much in our power ; and to direct us to the well-
doing of all the jieople, whom it is easy for us to
injure and ruin." — Kniout'hEno., vol. 3, ch. 18,
p. 278.
41§0. PIETY by Keaotion. Annuel Johnson.
RopwKi.i, : " They [women] are not more afraid
of death than men are." Johnson : " Hecauso
thoy are less wicked." Dr. Adams : " They aro
more j)ioiis." Jt)iiN8()N : "No, hang 'em, they
aro not more ])ious. A wicked fellow is tho
most pious when he takes to it. Moll beat you
all at piety."— HoswKLi/s Johnson, p. 521.
4 1 § I . PIETY, Beward of. Vo h a m m e d a n.
[The Mohammoilan KhalifJ Ali had the bravery
of Omar and the piety of Mahomet ; he wrote
verses and maxims that remain in Mussulman
philosophy, if not quito as revelations, at least
as inspirations of Islam. Many of them rival
the wisdom and ascoticism of thu (Jhristians.
VIKTV-PIUATKH.
4i»ft
He oflrn iittt'rril iIiIh in liis ^ooil rortmii* iiiul in
iiin rcvci'HCH : " llf wllii woliiil lie ricli wiliiuiil
tri'!iMiii'(', iioNVi't'l'iil witlidnt i'ni|ilt'<'. n sci'vunl
willioiil It niMMlcr, liiiM only Id (I('s|i|hc ijn- vimillfs
(if tlii>< World iinil iniik)' iiinisi'lf llic Ncrviiiil of
(iiiij ; III' will llnil iliiisi' tliri'i' thing's in Iliin."
Lam mhink'm Ti kkkv, \< ITT
JlM'i. PIETY, Baorifloeiof. T" Mil r„l,n,il>tiH.
'I'lii' ^ii'iirrous Mitiril III' I-mIhIIii whs nikinilli'il.
It sii'ini'il IIS 11, I'lir till' (list (line, the hiiIiJ.'i'(,
linikc upon lii'i' ininil in its I'nil ^:i'iinili'ni', anil
hIic ili'i'liirrii lii'i' irNoliilion lo iiiiilrrltlkr llir rtl
trrprisc. 'I'lirrr was still ii nioiiicnt's hesitation.
'I'll!' kin^' lookril rolilly on tin- alTiiir, ami the
royal llnaiicrs were alisolntciy ili'tiiiii-il liy llu'
war. Soinr time must In- ;j;ivrn to ri-plrnisli
tliciii. ilow niiild slif ilraw on tin i xliaiiMtcil
treasury fur a nirasiirr to which the kin^r was
ailvi-rsi' ! SI. Aug*'! walihi'i! this suspense with
treinlilin^ an.xiety. The ne.\t iiionieni reassiireil
him. With an enthusiasm worthy of herself
anil of the eaime, Isahclla exelaimeil, " 1 uniler-
take the enterprise! for mvownerown of ('aslih?,
uiiil will plcdf^e my jewels to raise the ni ce.ssary
funds." This whm the pmudesl moment in the
life of Isahi'lla ; it stumped her renown forever
as the patroness of the discovery of the New
World. — IiiviNUH (!oi,i'.Mnuw, Hook 'i, ch. (J.
JIH:!. piety, Sincere. <'r»„iir,/f. [Kliot War-
burton. I " And, " says that lively and pre,judiceil
■writer, "if all the lettcirs of thednik ("roinwell
could have lieen opened, what would they have
revealed ?" Well, they idl have hern discovered,
all liavt! heen i)i)ened ; and we suppose never, in
the history of man, has there been prcisenled such
II transparent wholeness. It is diii' mirror of
simple nobleiieHH ; every little note, and every
family epistle, and every letter to the state olll-
eers— all reveal the same man. " A single eye,
and a whole body full of li^iht.". . . We have
])i(!tun's ^iveii to us of his household. ri)on the
occasion of the si^iuiig of the treaty oi p(«ce
with Holland, the ii-i'bassador j^ives an aceonnt
of his reception at the Pr()te(;tors Court. How
calm and ipiiet and dif.'nified the account of that
rece])tion ! MuHic. ir.deed, was ])layin^ while
they were diniiij;, but after that the Protector
gave out a hymn ; and us he handed the book
to the ambassador, he told him "that was the
best pai)er that had i)assed between them as yet."
Dignified and beautiful is the account of tlii!
gentle behavior of the Protector to the wife and
daughter of the ambas'ador. Then, after a
walk on the banks of a iver for half an hour,
the prayers in the family ; and so the evening
closed — very much, indeed, such a simple even-
ing as we and our friends might spend to-
gether. — HO(»l)'8 C"KO.MWKI,I,, ch. 1"), J). 197.
'1184. PIETY, Supremacy of. Xatural Affcc-
tumx. [When Home was taken liy the Gauls
the vestal virgins attempted to escape.] They
took, however, with them the choicest and
most .sacred things they had, and tied with them
along tlu' side of the river, where fiUcius Albi-
nus, a plebeian, among others that were making
their escajie, was carrying his wife and children
and some of his most neee.s.sary movables in a
wagon. But when he .saw the vestals in a help-
less and weary condition, carrying in their arms
the sacred symbols of the gods, he immediately
took out his family and goods, and put the vir-
gins in the wagon, tlml tliry might make their
escape to some of the (Irecllin lilies. This piety
of ,\lbilius, iind the Venenition he expressed for
the uoils at so iliinuerons a ,)uncture, ilcMcrveH to
be rein nil 1 1 Pi.i r\iii MS (' vMiii.i s.
II«A. PIBACY, Anoient. Ennlii,!, Like the
gillleyN of the Middle .\gi's, such boats could
only creep cauiioiisly iiloii/; from hnrbor to liiir-
bor in rough wnillier; but in sniunlli water
their swiftness lilted tliem admirably lor the
piracy by whii h the men of these tribes weie al-
ready making themselves dreaded, lis Hat bot-
tom enabled them to beach the vessel on any
tilting coast ; and a ste|i on shore at once tran.s-
formed the boatmen into a war band. Prom llio
tirsi thedaringof the Knglish race broke oul in the
secrecy and Nuddeiuiess of the pirates' swoop, in
the llerccness of their onset, in the careless glee
with which they Hci/eil either sword or oar.
" Foes are they," sang a Roman poet of the
time, " tierce beyond other foes and cunidng mh
they are tierce ; the sea is their school of war and
the storm their friend ; they are sea wolves that
prey on the pillage of the world I". . . The
piracy of our fathers had thus iirought them to
the sliores of a land which, dear as it is now to
Knglishmeii, had not as vet been Irodden by
Knglish feet. — Hiht. ok I'-nii. Pkoim.k, ?i 24.
4180. PIRATES, Connivance with, (ioirni-
iiifiit. The buccaneers, encouraged by the Sen-
ate's coiudvance, were more daring than e\er.
They had become a sea conununity, led by high-
born adventurers, who maintained out of their
plunder a show of wild magniticence. Thenars
of \\\v. galleys of their commanders were i)lateil
with silver ; their cabins were hung with gor-
geous laiM'slry. They had bands of music to
play their triumphs. They had a religion i
their own, an Oriental meilley called the Mys-
teries of Mitliras. 'I'hey had captured and pil-
laged four hundred considerable towns, and had
spoiled the teini)le of the (Irecian gods, 'i'hey
had maintained and extended their depots, where
they (lisi)osed of their i)risoners to the slave-
dealers. Roman citizens who could not ransom
them.selves, and could not conveniently be sold,
j were informed that they could go where they
! pleased ; they were led to a j)lank iiro.jecting
I over some ves.sel's side, and were bidden depart —
! into the sea. — Fi{oi:i)k'h t',Ks.\it, ch. 10.
j 41 Sr. PIRATES, Period of. I{»wi(n.^. Crjte
was completely in their hands also, and they had
I secret friends along th(! entire jMediterranean
I sliores. They grew at la.st into a thousand sail.
divided into s((uadrons under separate com-
manders. They were admirably armed. They
roved over the waters at their pleasure, attacking
islands or commercial jiorts, ])luiideriiig temples
and warehouses, arresting every trading ves.sel
they encountered, till at last no Hoiiian could
go abroad on business save during tlie winter
storms, when the .sea was comiiarativeiy clear.
They llaunted their .sails in front of Ostia itself ;
they landed in their boats at the villas on the
Italian coast, carrying olT lords and ladies, and
holding them to ransom. They levied blackmail
at their pleasure. The wretched provincnals had
I)aid their taxes to Rome in exchange for prom-
ised defence, and no defence was provided. The
revenue which ought to have been spent on the
protection of the empire a few patricians wero
4 fi
:i
400
IMTY-PLEAHL'UE.
i
ilivlillii>( unions thi'tnwIvfM. Tin* pinitcH limi
4'vi'ii iiiiii'tH ill ilttTiniit InIiiiuIs, wlicnt tliclr
prlsDiicrs \v<>r<' hiiIiI to tlir Mlavi'-dt'ulrrN ; uiiil for
tlflnii yntrM iiolliiiiK wiin doiit' orrvcii uttciiiptctl
til put Mil i'ikI to MO prcpoMlcroiiM (III t'lioriiiity.
'riiri'Hsi' with wiiicli liics<' liiicciinccrs of tlic old
world were cvciitiiiiiiy MiipprcsMc<l provi'd coii-
(•liiMivfly liiiit tlii'V «'xiHti'd liy cMHiiiiviiiicc. It
was (iiHi'ovcrrd iit la<t tiir.l lur>(<> niiiiis liud iM't-ii
sent n'ifiiliirlv from ('rcic to moiih' of tiu! iiioMt
disiiiijrnisii,.,! iiiriiiiMrM of tlie aristocriicy. —
I'lUll DKN Ckhah, ell. If.
'llhMt, PITY reveried. F<>i'lhili(jiiirr.
Iiii
martyr ;
Tlio
Callioiic Ji'mpcroi'l SiKisiiioiid lias aripiircd tiic
iioiiors or a Maim aii(i martyr; liiit t!i('liaiid< of
tile royal Haiiil were Mtaiiicd witl<. tlic lilood of
liiM iiinoci'iit Moii. wlioiii lie iiiliiiiiiaiily Macritlicd
to till' oridi'aiid rcsciitiiii'iit of aMtcpiiiotlirr. lit;
Mooii dlMcovcrcd iiiM error, and licwailfd the ir-
rcparaMc loMM. While Si^'isiiioiid ciiiliraced llie
i'orpMc of tile iinforliiiiate yoiilii, lie received a
Mevere adiiioiiitioii from one of his iiltendatitM :
" It iM not ids situation, () i^iiijL,' I it is tliiiK? wliirli
deserves pity and laiiieiitiilion." — Giiiiio.n's
Uo.Mi;, eh. 38, ]). TiHO.
'I I Mf>. PLAGIARISM a Felony. I/,ii/ir<nuL [May-
ward dedicated ids liife of Henry IV. to the Karl
of Kssex, wlio was suspected of relieliioii. Kli/u-
iM-tli asked Hacoii wiietlier he did not seo treason
in tlie lioolt. He replied tiint lie] saw no trea-
son, hut very much felony, for every second
.sentence was stolen from Tacitus. — Kniuiit's
Kmi.. vol. ;{, ch. 18, p. )>m.
1100. PLAGUE, Desolating. Wiilinprmd. It
was the inevitable coiise((uence of rapine and
oppres>ion, which extir|)ale<l the produce of tlio
present, and the hope oi future harvests. Fam-
ine is almost always followed by epidemi(Mil dis-
(■nscM, the elfect of scanty and iiiiwholesomo
food. Other causes must, however, have contrib-
uted 'o the furious pla^'iie, which, from the year
'i'M to tlie year 2(ri. ra;.;ed without interruption
in every ])roviiice, every city, and almost every
family of the Homan Einnire. Diirimj; some
lime five thousand persons died daily in Home ;
and many towns that had escaped tlu; hands of
the barbarians were entirely depopulated. — Oiii-
iion'h Uomk,c1i. 10, p. 339.
4101. PLAGUE, DeBtruotir«», Romt'. Such wn.s
the universal corruption of ii • air, that the pes-
tilence which burst forth 'ti :!> , tifteeiitli year of
.luslinian was not checked < r alleviated by any
diirerence of the .seasons, in time, its first ma-
liirnity was 'ibated and dispersed ; the disease
jilieriiately languished and revived ; but it was
not till the end of a calamitous period of lifty-
two years that mankind recov<'red their healtli,
or the air resumed its pure ; .d salubrious qual-
ity. No facts liiive been preserved to sustain an
ftccount, or even a conjecture, of the numbers
that perished in this extraordinary mortality. I
only find that during three months live, and at
length ten, thousaml persons died each day at
Constantinople ; that manj' cities of the East
■were left vacant, and that in several districts of
Italy the harvest and the vintage withered on
the ground. The triple scourge of war, pesti-
lence, and famine afflicted the subjects of Ju.s-
tinian ; and his reign is disgraced by a visible de-
crease of the human species, which has never
lH>en rcpHlriHl In unnie of tho fiiln'Rt countriuii ot
the glulie.— Oiiiiion'h Udmk, ch. -13, p. 2U7.
'•10)1. PLXAIUKI In Benevolenoe. J»hn ll<w-
iiril. An anecdote will Mcrvi- to mIiow how
heartily his wife entered into IiIm plaim. At Him
eloMc of a year, when he had made up his ac;-
coiintM, he found that he had a lialanceon hand ,
and, as he made It a rule toMpetid all his income,
lie proposed to Ids wife that they should employ
this Miim ill viNitlng l/ondon. "What a pretty
cottage it would liiiild !" Maid she ; and a cot-
tage wiiN built w itli it accordingly.— l-'vci.orKDiA
OK Miod., p, 38.
•IIO:i. PLIA8UBE before BuilneM, Henry
Vlll. WHS nothing minded to travail in tlu-biisT
alTairs of his realm. [The almoner, Thomas Wol
sell y, would! disburden the king of so weighty
a cliarge aial troublesome business, putting the
king in comfort that lit; shall not need to spare
any lime of Ids iileasiire for any business that
shall neces.sarily happen In the council, as long
as h(>, being tliere and having the king's author-
' Ity and commandment, doubted not to mim* all
I tilings siitllcienlly furnislied and perfected.—
i K.Moiir's Kn(i,, vol. 3, cli. 1(1, p. 205.
'IIO'l. PLEA8UBE, Domoralliing. Homant.
The people of itome, viewing, with a secret
pleasure, tli(> humiliation of tlie aristocracy, de-
manded only bread and public shows, and were
Hiipplied Willi both by the liberal hand of Au-
gustus. Tlu; rich and polite Italians, who had
almost universally embraced the philosophy of
Epicurus, enjoyed the present blessings of ease
and traiupiiility, and sulTered not the jiieas-
ing dream to be Interrunted by the memory of
their old tumultuous freedom. — Oiuuon'h UoMli:,
ch. 3, p. 74.
'IIOA. PLEASURE, Devotion to. Turentines.
Pyrrhus brought to thi! aid of the Tarentincs
[against tlu; Uoman.sl an army of 30, (KK) men.
lie was astonished that a war. In which they
wer(! a principal party, did not, in the least, Inter-
rupt the amusements of that frivolous and (lis.so-
lut(^ people. They gave; him some magnificent
festivals, and tiieii purposed to leave him to
fight, while tliey continued their entertainments.
This conduct, justly exciting both c(mtemi)tand
indignation, Pyrrhus ordered the theatres to bo
shut up, dosed the public as.semblies, where the
Tarantines idly con.sumed the time in frivolous
talk, and mustering the citizens, enjoined a con-
tinued and rigorous exercist; to every man who
was cajiabie of bearing arms. So severely felt
was this duty, that it is .said a large number of
the inhabitants actually fled from their country
rather than .sulTer a deprivation of their usual
pleasures. — Tvtlek's Hist., Book 3, ch. 7,
p. 3r)5.
4106. . Alexander. Arrived at
Ecbatana, Alexander celebrated his entry into the
ancient capital of Media with magniflcent games
and festivals, In which every refinement of
luxury was contrived that could flatter the .senses
or feed the voluptuous passions. Whole days and
nights were consumed in riot and debauchery,
in which the meanest soldier vied with his prince
in the most unrestrained indulgence. — Tytleh's
Hist., Hook 2, ch. 4, p. 193.
4107. PLEASURE, Extravaganoe in. Hunt-
ing. [Malck, the distinguished Turkish general,]
«
I'LKAHUUK-IM.KASlHKrt.
407
both III pnicii iind tii wiir wim in itilion nml in
till- titlil , . . lliiiitliiK ^vim llir itlnixiiri-, mill
I'Vi'ii till' piiMHliiii, of tlif Miiltiiii, iiiiil IiIh triiiii
COIlHlHlitl of IT.tMK) liorsi'S ; liilt lifter l||i> nillM-
Marri' iif ilTlirklHll rliilHr. fur rmli plrccof piliic
III' lli'slitwril II pli'i'i' of |;iilil oil till' poor, U Hlijt;||t
Ulolli'llKlll, III till' I'Xpi'llMi' of the pi'opli', for the
<'OHl llllli nilHcllil'f of till' IIIIIIINCIIII'Ilt of klllK^.
OlIIIIIINH UoMK, I'll. 5, p. (i'il.
'II9N. PLEASURX, HarmUii. S,tmii,l John-
Don. " Is mil fiiiriii/is.i jiltiiniiri' vrry tiiiiii' V"
.IiiiiNKiiN : " Niiv, ulr , liiiriiiii">M pli'iiMiiri' Im tlir
lilf^hi'Hl |iriilsi'. I'lriiHiiri' Ih h woni of iliiliioiix
import ; pli'iisiiri' is in ^'iii'iiil iIiiii^'i'Ioiim, and
pi'miciouM lo virtiii' ; to lir iililr lliiTrfori' to fiir-
ii'hIi pli'aMiiri' tliat is liarniirHs, pliiisiiri' pure ami
iinitlloyi'd, is iiH ^ri'iit a povvir as man can pos-
M«'HH." Tills was, pi'rhaiis, aHinKi'nloiisaili'fi'iici.'
as roiild III' miulr ; still, liowcviT, 1 was not
Hatisllcil. — Hohwki.i/h Joiinhon, p. 411.
'llfM). PLEASURE, Interruption of. Titllij/-
nind. 1 .VfliT llic I'xiii' of Napoleon I. Ilie allied
KoviTi'i^fiis werii in coiif^ii'ss at Vienna, with
Kcvi'ii liiindred amlms,sadorM. Tliey were relieved
in tlieir toils liy feasting; and diinciiiK. I 'riilley-
rand WHS . . . makiiiK Id^ toilet for a iiall. . . .
His liands weio wet with perfnmerv ; . . . two
barliers went curling Ids hair. Ills niece . . .
run into llie room wllli a iiotii, . . . marked se-
cri^t and in haste, rallevranii, looking up from
tlie midst of liisciirliiijf irons, powders, and per-
fumes, reiiiiesti'd his nieco to open and read the
note. Sliuuidso, and, turning |)ule, he exclaimed,
" llwivens 1 ilonapurte has left Kilia t What is to
becoino of my ball this evening V" ... " If a
thunderbolt," says Allison, "had fallen in tlii^
midst of tin; brilliance as.senililed in the im-
perial ball-room at Vicnnii, it could not liavo ex-
cited greater coiiHternation tliaii this simple an
noiincement." — Auhott'h NAroi,EON IJ., vol. 2,
ch. 26.
4il00. PLEASURE, Puiion for. Athenians.
In addition to tliese symptoms of decline, luxury
was extending her baneful intlucnce, in enervat-
ing and corruiiting the patriotic spirit. A taste
for tlie productions of the tine arts and a pas-
sioimte pursuit of jileasure had, in tlic Athenian
republic jmrticularly, entirely supplanted heroic
virtue. Poets, musicians, sculptors, comedians,
were now the only great men of Attica. Wliile
the bewitching dramas of Sopliocles and Eurip-
ides cliarmed the ears, and the sculpliires of
Phidias, of (}lycon, and Praxiteles fa.scinated the
eyes of the refined and voluptuous Athenians,
military glory was forgotten ; and the defence
of the state," no longer the care of its citi-
zens, was coinniitted to mercenaries, wlio filled
both its lieets and its armies. — Tyti.kh's Hist.,
Book 2, ch. ;}, p. KW.
4201. PLEASURE, Periloui. Frederick V.
SThe ele(!tor i)alutine of Bohemia.] Instead of
levoting hini.self with untiring energies to the
affairs of ins kingdom, Frederick 'wasted his
time in amusements ; instead of filling liis treas-
ury l>y a wise economy, be squandered his rev-
enues by a necdleas theatrical pomp and a mis-
f)laced munirtcence. With a light-minded care-
essness, he did but gaze at himself in his new
dignity, and in the ill-timed desire to enjoy his
crown, ho forgot the more pressing duty of se-
curing It on hU luMid. — TmiiTv Ykakn' Wah,
S5 liM.
iSlOtf. PLEASURE, Pnnnlt of. A.V ie u r u ».
The iiliiliiiKijiliji too of the piigiin world was but
ill ciili'iilated lo supply the pliiri' of religion in
Ilie letlni'ineiil of morals. The doctrines of
Kpicuriis, which were highly prevalent at Ilie
lime of the liirtli of CliriNt, by repreMentiiig
pleasure as Ihe cliief good, by iinpoHing no re-
Ntraiiit on llie indulgence of tlie piisMion>, and
limiling III! hapiiini'NN to ilie enJoymi'iitN of ilie
present life, teiiiled to corriipl and degrade hii
man naliire to a rank lillle superior to lliul of
Ihe lirutes. — Tyti, Kit's Hisr., Hook 5, ch. 4
ji. a.
'lilOn. PLEASURE in Slnninf. Samuel John-
son Isaid to Miss Ailuiiis:| "You put me in
ininil of l>r. Harrowby, the plivHician, wli" was
Very fond of swine's llesii. (••■ day when he
was eating it lie said, ' I wis'' I nmih a .lew.'
'Why so?' said someliody ; 't., li ,''h are imt
allowed to eat your favorite iniat.' ' Hecimse,'
said he, ' I shoiiM then have the i;ust of eating
it, Willi the pleasure of sinning.' ' — Hohwki.I.'h
.loilNHO.N, p, U'i'i
•I'JOI. PLEASURE, Vitiated by. Andronieui,
[A (Jreek prince. I Androniciis llie younger was
touched with remorse, or fatigued with business,
or deceived by negotialioii ; iileiisure rather tliaii
lower was his uini ; and the license of mainlain-
ng a tliousaiid hounds, a Ihoiisand hawks, and
a thousand huntsmen was sutllcient to sully his
fame and disarm hisambiliin. — UiniioN'sItoME,
ch. «;}, p. IHO.
4ilOA. PLEASURE, Watering place. Kni/land.
The passion for drinking mineral waters and for
bathing in medicinal springs sent llie fashionable
worid.in tlie beginning of tluM'igliteeiith century,
to u round of idleness and dissiimtion, of card-
nlaying and dancing, at the crowded cottages of
runbridge W^ells and tlie tishing liovels of Scar-
borough. — Kmiiiit's Eno., vol. .'), ch. 1, p. 10.
4906. PLEASURE, Weariiome. C/iarles IT.
[(diaries II. became celebraled for his prodi-
gality and devotion to mere iileiisure.J Burnet
writes; . . . Tiie king, who was often weary of
time, and did not know how to get round the
day, liked the going ti. the House [of Parlia-
ment] as a plea.sant divirsion ; so he went (ion-
stantly. — Knhiht's Eno., vol. 4, ch. 17, p. SO.").
4tl07. PLEASURES condemned. Puritans. It
was a sin to hang garlands on a Mny-polc, to
drink a friend's health, to tly a hawk, 'o hunt a
stag, to jilay at che.ss, to wear love locks, to put
starch intoa ruff, to touch the virginals, to read
the Fairy Queen. Kules such as these — rules
which would have appeared insupportable to the
free and joyous spirit of Luther, and contempt-
ible to the serene and philosophical intellect of
Zwingli, threw over all life more than a monastic
gloom. — Macai'lay's Eno., ch. 1, p. 76.
4a0§. PLEASURES, Expeniive. Metropolitan.
[In Borne and Constantinople, the two capitals
of the Roman Empire] the annuol games of the
theatre, the circus, and the ampliithcatre cost
£4000 of gold, (about) £160,000 sterling ; and if
so heavy an expense surpassed the faculties or
the inclination of the magistrates themselves, the
sum was supplied from the Imperial treasury. —
I Gibbon's Rome, ch. 17, p. 118.
498
PLEASURES— POET.
'1200. PLEASURES of Seme. .]fofiiunnmIaii.
]SIiih(nnL'l used often tosiiy : " The tilings .n this
world thiit ar<' most ii.i^rccaMc to my heart and
.senses an^ children, women, and perfumes ; hut
I have n(!ver tasted complete happiness hut in
prayer," — Lamahtink's Ti'UKKy, p. 153.
4210.
.Vit/ioiiict. Perfumes and
women were the two sensual enjoyments which
his nature retjuired, and his religion did not for-
bid ; and Maliomet utlirmed thai the fervor of
his devotion was increased hy these innocent
l)leasures. The h'at of the climate intlamesthc
hlood of the Arabs, and their libidinous com-
plexion has been noticed by the writers of anti((-
iiity. Their incontinence was regulated by the
civil and religious laws of the Koran ; their in-
cestuous alliances were blamed ; the boundh.'ss
license of polygamy was reduced to four legiti-
mate wives or concubines ; their rights botli of
bed and dowry were e(piitably determined ; the
freedom of divorce was discouraged ; adultery
was condemned as a capital olTenco ; and forni-
cation, in either sex, was punisluMl -with a hun-
dred striix's. Such were the calm and rational
l)recei)ts of tiie legislator ; but in his private con-
duct .Slahomet indulged the api)etites of a man,
and abused the claims of a prophet. A special
revelation dispensed him from the laws which
he had imposed on his nation ; thi! female .sex,
without reserve, was abandoiu i to his desires ;
and this singular [irerogative excited the envy
rather than the scandal, the vtiiieration rather
than the envy, of the devout Mussulmans. — GiB-
lioN's Mauo.mkt, p. 54.
4211. PLEASURES, Wasteful. Poet Shelley.
Peacock [his first friend] also notices his habit of
floating paper boats, ami gives an amusing de-
scription of th(! boredoni suflfered by Hogg on
occasions when Shelley would stop by the side of
pond or mere to float a mimic navy. The not
altogether apocryphal story of his having once
constructed a boat out of a bank-post-bill, and
launched it on the lake in Kensington Gardens,
deserves to be alluded to in this connection. —
Symonus' Siri:i,i,KY, ch. 4.
4212. PLEDOE, Temperance. Father Mathcw's.
Father Malhew's wonder-working pledge was as
follows : " I promise, with the divine assistance,
•lis long as I continue a member of the Teetotal
Temperance Society, to abstain from all into.xi-
cating drinks, except for medicinal or .sacrament-
al purposes, and to prevent as much as i)ossible,
by advice and example, drunkenness in others."
When the.se words had been slowly uttered, Fa-
ther Mathew, with uplifted hand, pronounced a
brief prayer: "May God bless you, and give
you strength and grace to keep your promise."
To which he sometimes added, .is he made the
sign of the cross : "In this sign alone you may
hope to persevere and conquer." — Cyclopedia
ofBioo., p. 111.
42i:i. PLOT, A fictitious. The Popish Plot.
Titus Gates, a clergyman of the Church of Eng-
land, Imd, by his disorderly life and heterodox
doctrine, drawn on him the censure of his spirit-
ual superiors, had been compelled to quit his
benefice, aiul had ever since led an infanir>us
und vagrant life. He had once professc' himself
ti Roman C.-itholic, and had pas.sed soi • ■ 'ime on
the v^'ontinent in English colleges of the -derof
■Tcsus. In those seminaries he had hear much
wild talk about the best means of bringing Eng-
land back to the true Church. From hints thus
furnished he constructed a iiideous romance, re-
.sembling rather the dream of a sick man tiian any
transaction which ever took place in the real
world. The pope, he said, had intrusted the
government of England to the Jesuits. Tiie Jes-
uits had, by "ommi.ssi()ns under the great seal of
their society, appointed Calholi(^ clergymen,
noblemen, and gcntleincii to all the highest oflices
in Church and State. The papists had burned
down London once. They had tried to burn it
down again. They were at that moment planning
a scheme fcr setting fire to all tiie shipping in the
Thames. They were to rise at a signal and nms.sa-
ere all their Protestant neighbors. A French army
wasat th(! .same time to land in Ireland. All the
leading statesmen and divines of England were
to be murdered. Three or four schemes had been
formed for assassinating the king. He was to be
stabbed. He was to be i)oi.soned in his medicine.
He was to be shot with silver bullets. — Ma-
caii.ay's Eno., ch. 2, p. 218.
4214. PLOT, Imaginary. Negro. In the year
1741 occurred ..." V'.c Negro Plot " [in N. Y.]
Slavery was permitted in the province, and u"-
groes constituted a lar^e faction of the popula-
tion. Several destructive fires had occurred, and
it was believed that they had been kindled by
incendiaries. The slaves were naturally distrust-
ed ; now they became feared and hated. Some
degraded women came forward and gave infor-
mation that the negroes had made a plot to burn
the citj', kill all avIio oppo.sed them, and set up
one of their own number as governor. The whole
storj' was the essence of absurdity ; but the peo-
ple were alarmed and ready to believe anything.
The reward of freedom was offered any slave
who would reveal the plot. Many witne.s.ses
ruslied forward with foolish and contradictory
stories ; the jails were filled with the accu.sed ; and
more than tliirty of the miserable creatures, with
hardly the form of a trial, were convicted and
then hanged or burned to death. Others were
transported and sold as slaves in foreign lands.
As soon as the supposed jieril had passed and the
5xcited people regained their .senses, it came to be
{loubted whether the whole shocking affair had
not been the result o<" terror and fanaticism. The
verdict of after times has been that there teas no
plot at a;;.— Ridpath's U. S., ch. 20, p. 182.
4215. POET respected. Pindar. The Tlie-
bans, on a false report of his death in battle
against the Illyrians, had exjielled the Macedo-
nian garrison, and put to death Its commanders,
Amyntas and Timolaus. Alexander offered par-
don to the city on condition of absohite submi.s-
sion, and the clelivering up of the principal offend-
ers. The Thebans were obstinate, and the con-
sequence was that Thebes was taken by storm,
and abandoned to the fury of the Macedonian
troops, who plundered and destroyed it. Six thou-
.sand of the inhabitants were put to tlie sword,
and 30,000 sold to slavery. The priests, however,
with their families, were treated with reverence ;
and while the .streets and fortifications of the city
were reduced to a mass of ruins, the conqueror
showed his respect to the memory of Pindar by
preserving from destruction the great poet's
liouse, which was still occupied bj' his descend-
ants. — Tytleii's Hist., Book 2, ch. 4, p. 178.
POET— POKTRY,
490
4310. POET, Terroriiing. Il>bn-t fhinis. The
liirmer.sand tlu; well-lodo i«'Oi)l(! welcomed him
gladly, and were proud that siu .1 a man had come
to he a dweller in their vale. Yet tlu" ruder
country lads and the lower peasantry, we are told,
lookedOii him not without dread, " lest heshoiild
pickle and preserw them in sarcastic son;,'."
"Once at ti penny wedding, when one or two
.villi young lads ((uarrelled, and were about to
tight. Burns rose up and said, ' Sit down and—,
or else I'll hang you up like polato-hogles in sang
tomorrow. ' They ceased, and sat down as if their
noses had been" hleeding."— SiiAiitf's BtUNs,
ch. 5.
4217. POETRY, Bad. Criticiml Philo.venns,
who was hin\selt' an excellent poet, attemiited to
undeceive Dionysius in the favorable opinion he
had of his own abilities, but was sent to the Quar-
ries for the liberty he took. However, the next
<lay he was restored to favor, and Dionysius re-
l)e!it(,'d to him .some verses he had taken extraor-
dinary pains with, expecting his approbation.
But tile i)oet, instead of giving it, looked roiuul
to the guards, and said to them, very humorous-
ly, "Take me back to the Quarries." — Plu-
tauch's TiMoiiKON, Lanoiiohnk's Note.
421 §. POETRY, Heartless. (I mil's. [It is] a
laborious mosaic, through tin; hard, stiff linea-
ments of which little or true grace could be ex-
pected to look ; real feeling, and all freedom of
oxpre.s8ing it, are sacriticecl to pomp, to cold
splendor ; for vigor wo have a certain mouthing
vehemence, too elegant indeed to be tumid, yet
essentially foreign io the heart, and seen to extend
no deeper than the mere voice and gestures. —
C'AiiLYLK'a Goethe, ch. 1.
4219. POETRY, Inspiration for. Robert Burns.
" You know," he says, " our country custom of
coupling a man and woman together as partners
in the labors of the harvest. In my fifteenth
summer my partner was a bewitching creature,
a year younger than myself. . . . She was a
bonnie, sweet, sonsie lass. In short, she, alto-
gether unwittingly to herself, initiated me in
that delicious passion which, in spite of acid
disappointment, gin-horse prudence, and book-
worm philosophy, I hold to be the first of human
joys here below ! How she caught the contagion
I cannot tell. . . . Indeed, I did not know my-
.self why I liked so much to loiter behind with
her, when returning in the evening from our la-
bors ; why the ones of her voice made my
heart.strings thrill like an iEolian harp ; and es-
pecially wliy my pulse beat such a furious ratau
when 1 looked and fingered over her little hand,
to pick out the cruel nettle-strings and thistles.
. . . My girl sung a .song which was said to be
composed by a coujitry laird's son, on one of
his father's inaids, with whom he was in love ;
and I saw no reason why I might not rhyme as
vtcll as he ; for, excepting that he could shear
sheep and cast peats, his father living in the
moorlands, he had no more scholar-craft than
myself. Thus with me began love and poetry."
— SiiAiKP's lii;uNs, ch. 1.
4220. POETRY, Pathos in. Dante. Dante
Alighieri is supposed to have invented a new
species of epic poetry by the introduetioii of
angels and devils in place of the heathen deities ;
yet there is some reason to presume that the An-
tiochus of Ischanus, were it yet remaining,
would deprive Dante o( the merit of originality
in that particular. His Divina Commedia, how-
ever, has far higher merits of its own. It shows
genius of the very greatest order, and has never
been .surpassed in tirriblc pathos, or in the pic-
turescpie of descriptive power. — TvTi, Kit's Hist.,
Book 4, ch. 16, p. 248.
4221. POETRY, Power of. Wdnh. A deci.sive
battle, fought in the year l^BU, dftcrmined for-
ever the fate of Wales. Llewellyn was killed,
and with him expired the government and the
distinction of his nation. Wales was soon after
formally luiitcd to the kingdom of England, and
the title of its principality has ever since been
borne by the eldest son of the king. Some cir-
cumstances of extreme barbarity marked this
coiuiuest upon the part of Edward. The Welsh
bards kei)t alive an heroic spirit of freedom and
independence, by rehearsing in their songs the
glorious achievements of the ancient Britons :
Edward [I.] ordered these ludiapiiy minstrels to
be massacred wherever they were found. — Tvt-
i-ek's Hist., Book 6, ch. 13, p. 189.
4222. POETRY, Primacy of. Created loith
Mini. The poetical spirit appears almost coeval
with the very rudest condition of society. Other
branches of human knowledge which have
arisen in the gradual progress of improvement
have owed their origin to the wandering and
ailventurous spirit of the species, or to the wants
and sufferings of mankind ; but poetry seems to
liave been created with man, and is contempora-
neous with his language ; and what is more re-
markable, it is in this early age that poetry often
a.ssumes its highest character, and arrives at its
greatest perfection. — Tytleii's Hist., Book 4,
ch. 3, p. 426.
4223. POETRY, Utility of. Ancients. Poe-
try or song was therefore in all nations the first
vehicle of history, and the oarliest mode of pro-
mulgating laws i^ for nothing was found eijually
capable of striking with force the imagination
and impressing the memory. . . . When society
lias made some advancement, and laws are es-
tablished to guard the rights and jjrivileges of
men, a legislator, observing with what avidity
the songs of the bards are listened to, how uni-
versally they are circulated, and how tena(uous-
ly retained, judiciou.sly avails himself of the
same vehicle for the publication of his laws.
Plato, in his " Minos," informs us that the first
laws of all nations were compo.sed in verse and
sung. Apollo is recorded to have been one of
the first legislators, and to have published his
laws to the sound of his harp— that is, set them
to music. That this mode of i)romulgation was
in use among the ancient Greeks.the word JS'omos,
which signifies both a law and a .song, is direct
proof ; and Aristotle, in his problems, inquiring
into the reason of this confornuty of names be-
tween two .such different ol).jects, gives this ex-
press reason, that before the use of writing it
was customary to keep the laws in remembrance
by singing them ; and this, according to the
same author, was the custom of many different
nations. The laws of the ancient inhabitants of
Spain were all in verse, a." were likewise the
laws of Tuisto, the first legislator of the an-
cient Germans.— Tytler's Hist., Book 1. ch. 3,
p. 27.
600
POETRY— POLITICS.
I
'A •
\ :i
I
4aa4. POETEY, Weakness for. Frederick the
Great. In the midst of all the great king's ca-
liiniities, his passion for writing indifferent poe-
try grev/ stronger and stronger. Knemies all
around him, despair in his heart, pills of corro-
sive sublimate hidden in his clothes, he i)()ured
forth hundreds upon hundreds of lines, liateful
to gods and men — the insipid dregs of Voltaire's
Ilippocrene — tjie faint echo of the lyre of Chau-
lieu. It is anuising to compare what he did dur-
ing the last months of 1757 with wliat he wrote
dviring the same time. It may bo doubted wlijlli-
cr any etpial portion of the life of Hannibal, of
Ciesar, or of Napoleon will bear a comparison
with tliat short period, the most brilliant in the
Inslory of Pru.ssia and of Frederick. — Macau-
j.ay's Fukdkiuck the Gkkat, p. 90.
433S. POISON well applied. Vwmr Borgia.
[See No. 5436.J Italy was at length delivered of
tliis monster and his s(jn. It is said they had
prepared poisoned wine for the entertainment of
some wealthy cardinals, and that the pope him-
self, and Ins son, dnink b}' mistake of a bottle
intended only for his guests. The pope suflered
an agonizing death, but Borgia escaped by liav-
ing himself sewed up in the belly of a mule. lie
survived, however, but a short time, and reaped
no other fruits of Jiis own and bis father's ac-
cumulated crimes but the imiversal abhorrence
of mankind. — Tytler's Hist., Book 6, ch. 14,
p. 221.
4236. POISONING, Slow. Sir Thomas Over-
bury. It was perliajjs the small share ■which
James [I.] had of the affections of his people
that produced his attachment to particular favor-
ites. Robert Carr, whom he created Earl of Som-
erset, had no other pretensions to recommend
him but a graceful person and a good address.
He was a weak and an unprincipled man. lie
fell from the king's favor on conviction of his
being guilty of a crime for which he should have
suffered an ignominious death — the murder of
Sir Thomas Overbury. Somerset had married
the Countess of Essex —a most debauched woman ,
who, to accomplish this marriage, had procured
a divorce from the Earl of Essex, in which she
had foimd a chief obstacle in Sir Thomas Over-
bury, a contidant of Somerset. This flagitious
woman now prevailed on her husband, Somerset,
to have Overbury removed by poison, which they
accomplished in a most barbarous manner, by
feeding him daily for some months with poisoned
victuals, while confined, through the means of
Somerset, in the Tower. For this murder Som-
erset and his countess were condemned to suffer
death, but they both received the king's pardon.
— TvTLER's Hist., Book 6, ch. 29, p. 397.
4237. POISONS, Study of. Cleopatra. Cleo-
patra at the same time was making a collection
of poisonous drugs, and being desirous to know
which was the least painful in the operation, she
tried them on the capital convicts. Such poisons
as were quick in their operation she found to be
attended with violent pain and convulsions ;
such as were milder were slow in their effect ;
she therefore applied herself to the examination
of venomous creatures, and caused different
kinds of them to be applied to different persons
under her own inspection. These 'jxperimenUa
she repeated daily, and at length she found that
the bite of the asp was the most eligible kind of
death, for it brought on a gradual kind of leth
argy, in which the fac^ was covered with a gen
tie sweat, and the senses sunk easily into stupe-
faction ; and those who were thus aTected
showed the same uneasiness at being disturlu-d
or awaked that people do in the profouudest
natural sleep. — Pi.uTAUcn's Antony,
422§. POLICE, Inefficient. licign of Charles
II. The machinery for keeping the peace was
])erfeetly contemptible. There was an act of
the Common Council which provided that more
j than a thousand watchmen should be constantly
on the alert in the city from svuiset to sunrise,
I and that every inhabitant should take his turn
i of duty ; but the act was negligently executed.
i Few of those that were summoned left their
homes, and these few generally found it more
agreea')le to tipple in alehouses than to pace the
streets — Macaulay's Eno., ch. 3, p. 336.
4229. POLITENESS, Use of. William, Prince
of Orange. His manners [when King of Eng-
land] were altogether Dutch. Even his coun-
trymen thought him blimt. To foreigners he
often seemed churlish. In his intercourse with
the world in general he appeared ignorant or
negligent of those arts which doable the value of
a favor and take away the sting of a refusal. —
Macaulay's Eng., ch, 7, ] , 151
4230. POLITICIAN . ,\, • ' Pompey. The
renewed term of his ;overument was on the eve
of expiring ; but this extraordinary man had no
design of relinquishing his military command.
To secure himself against a deprivation of pow-
er, he bribed Curio, one of the tribunes, to make
a proposal which wore the appearance of great
moderation, and regard for the public liberty.
This was, tliat Caesar and Pompey should either
both continue in their governments, or both be
recalled, as they were equally capable of endan-
gering the safety of the commonwealth by an
abuse of power. The motion passed, and Ca'sar
immediately offered to resign on condition that
his rival should follow his example ; but Pom-
pey rejected the proposal, probably aware of the
real designs of Ca;sar, but too confidently rely-
ing on I lie strength of his own party, and the in-
fluence he had with his troops. — Tytlf' 's t Tist. ,
Book 4. ch. 3, p. 406.
4231. . Cromwell. TL .■ .■■ na-
jority [of the army], however, we ? J ;> ,(i -o
support their general, as elective flrrt ij.<i: si .o
of a commonwealth, against all factions ,. loh
might resist his authority. . . . That his eleva-
tion to power might not seem to be his own mere
act, he convoked a council, composed partly of
persons on whose support he could depend, and
partly of persons whose opposition he might
safely defy. This assembly, which he called a
Parliament, the populace nicknamed from one
of the most conspicuous members, Barebonc's
Parliament. — Macaulay's Eng., ch. 1, p. 125.
4232. POLITICS, Alliance in. William Pitt.
At that day the good-will of the people was, in
England, the most uncertain temire of oflice,
for they had no streng'th in Parliament ; their
favorite [William "^it^ held his high position
[prime-minister] at the sufferance of the aristoc-
racy. "I borrow," said Pitt, "the Duke of
Newcastle's majority to carry on the pubMc bus
iness."— Bancroft 8 U. S., vol. 4, ch. 12.
POLITICS.
601
'I2:i!{. POLITICS, Abase in, Josuih Quincy.
[When a Member of Congress he was thus ad-
(Iresseil :] " Quincy, I thouf^ht I hid abused you
enougli ; but I find it will not do." "Why,
what is the matter now ? I do not mean to speak
again." " No matter." said Grundy ; " by lleav-
ons, I must give you another thrashing."
" Why so ?" asked the member from Massaehu-
.seM.s. "Why," said Grundy, "the truth is, a
d — d fellow has set up against me in my district
— a perfect Jacobin— as nuich wor.se than I am
as worse can be. Now, except Tim Pickering,
tiiere is not a man in the United States so per-
fectly hated by the people of my di.strict as
yourself. You must therefore e.x(;u.se me. I
mu.st abuse you, or I shall never get re-elected.
I will do it, however, genteelly. I will not do it
MS that fool of a Clay did — strike so hard as to
iiurt my.self. But abuse you I must. You un-
<lerstaiul ; I mean to be friends, notwithstand-
ing. I mean to be in Congress again, and nmist
use the means." — Cyclopedia ok Bioo., p. 754.
'la.lJ. POLITICS, Anger in. John Adams.
President Adams, exasperated by hisiuiexpected
<lefeat, would not bring himself to remaiti in
Washington long enough to witness the inaugu-
ration othis .successor, but, about daylight on the
morning of the 4th of March, he left Washing-
ton ; and thus, for a few hours, there was actu-
ally no head to the government. To us, reading
coolly of the events of those times, such conduct
appears undignified and silly. We can, how-
ever, but faintly realize the madness of party
.spirit at that day, and the distrust and bitterness
with which the elder Federalists regarded the
victorious Republicans. — Cyclopedia of Bioo. ,
p. 3.-)2.
42:|5. POLITICS, Bitterness in. Van Buren's
Administration. [In December of 1839 General
Harrison was again nominated by the Whigs as
their leader.] On the Democratic side Mr. van
Buren had no competitor ; but the unanimity
of his party could hardly compensate for his mis-
fortunes and blunders. The canvass was the
most exciting in the political history of the coun-
try. The President was blamed with everything.
The financial distress was laid at his door. Ex-
travagance, bribery, corruption — everything bad
was charged upon him. Men of business adver-
tised to pay $6 a barrel for tlour if HaiTison should
be elected; $3 a barrel if Van Buren should
be successful. The Whig orators tossed about
the luckless administration through all the fig-
ures and forms of speech ; and the President him-
self was shot at with every sort of dart that parti-
.san wit and malice could iuvent. The enthusi-
asm in the ranks of the opposition rose high(!r
and higher ; and the result was the defeat of the
Democrats in every State except [seven]. . . . The
electoral votes of these States — numbering sixty
— were given to Van Buren ; and the remainder,
amounting to two hundred and thirty-four, were
cast for General Harrison. After controlling the
destinies of the government for nearly forty
years, the Democratic party was temporarily
routed — Ridpatii's U. S., cli. 55, p. 439.
4236. POLITICS, Candidates in. Homan. It
was customary for those who were candidates
for any magistracy to appear in the Comitia, clad
in white apparel. The plebeians, who aspired
to the military tribunate, appeared accordingly
in that dress ; but as the votes were called by
centuries, and the patricians had been at some
pains to influence their dependents, it hapjiened
that not one of the plebeians was elected. — Tyt-
leu's Hist., Book 3, cli. (i, p. 340.
4'23r. POLITICS, Changes in. Emjlish licix).
liition. With very dillereiit feelings hud the news
of this great revolution been received in France.
The politics of a long, eventful, and glorious
reign had been confounded in a day. England
was again the England of Elizabeth and Crom-
well ; and all the relations of all the states ot
Christendom were completely changed by the
sudden introduction of this new power info the
system. The Parisians could talk of nothing
but what was passing in London. — jNIacaulay's
Eng., ch. 10, p. 553.
423§. . T/tf Restoration. Every
one hoped in this desire to change their con-
dition and di.sown all things they had before ad-
vised. Every ballad singer .sang up and down
the streets ribald rhymes, made in reproach
of the late commonwealtli. — Knight's Eng.,
vol. 4, ch. 14, p. 235.
4239. POLITICS, Clerical. James II. [Will-
iam, Princeof Orange, bad invaded England, and
James was anxiousj To the prelates he spoke
with peculiar acrimony. " I could not," he said,
" prevail on you the other day to declare again.st
this invasion ; but you are ready enough to de-
clare against me. Then you would not meddle
with politics. You have no scruple about med-
dling now. You would be belter employed in
teaching your flocks how to obey than in teach-
ing me how to govern. You have excited this
rebellious temper among them ; and now you
foment it." — Macaulay's Eng., ch. 10, p. 467.
4240. POLITICS a Compromise. England.
[After the flight of James II. to France.] It was
moved that King James 11. , having endeavored
to subvert the Constitution of the kingdom by
breaking the original contract between king and
l)eople, and, by the advice of Jesuits and other
wicked persons, having violated the fundamen-
tal laws, and having withdrawn himself out of
the kingdom, had abdicated the government, and
that the throne had thereby become vacant. . . .
It is idle, however, to examine these memorable
words, as we should examine a chapter of Aris-
totle or of Hobbes. Such words are to be con-
sidered not as words, but as deeds. If thej'
effect t'^' " which they are intended to effect, they
are ra nal, though they may be contradictory.
If they fail of attaining their end, they are ab-
surd, though they carry demonstration with
them. Logic admits of no compromise. The
essence of politics is compromise. It is there-
fore not .strange that some of the most important
and most useful political instruments in the
world should be among the most illogical com-
positions that ever were penned. — Macaulay's
Eng., ch. 10, p. 579.
4241. POLITICS, Contradiction in. Election
of 1848. General Ca.ss was born in New Eng-
land of Puritan stock. All his mature life had
been spent in the free Northwest .... General
Taylor was born in Virginia, was reared in
Kentucky, . , . had passed all his life in the
South, . . . and was the owner of a large num-
ber of slaves. Yet in the face of these facts Gea
602
POLITICS.
11
(■ml Chhs ran us Hit! dislinclivo pro-slnvjiry ran-
(lidale, ami CJciicral Taylor . . . wa.s supported
MiroiiKlioiit tlif North by tlie anti-slavery \Vlii;?s.
. . . Hut this contnidiction was apparent, not
real. — Hi,A ink's Twknty Yka'ks ok Conouksh,
p. m.
4214. POLITICS, Controversial. lidrju of
Cfitirlcn If. Never Itefon- had jxilitieal (-ontro-
versy been carried on with .so much freedom ;
never l)efore had jxilitical clubs existed with so
elaborates an (»r/;ani/,alion or so formidable an
intlucnce. The one (juestion of the exclusion
oceui)ied the pui)lic mind. All the i)rcsses and
])ulpits of the rciiim took part in the conflict.
On one side it was maintained that the Constitu-
tion and relijfion of the State would never bo
secure under a popish king ; on the other, tliat
tlie right of James to wear the crown in his turn
was derived from God, and could not i)e annull-
ed, even by the consent of all the branches of
the Legislaturi!. Every couij.y, every town,
every family, was in agitation." The civilities
and hospitalities of neighl)orhood were interrui)t-
ed. The dearest lies of friendship and of blood
W(;re suiidered. Even schoolbf)ys were divided
into angry i)arties ; and the Duke of York and
the Earl of Shaftesbury liad zealous adherents
on all the forms of Westmin.ster and Eton. The
theatres shook with the roar of the contending
factions. — Mac.xul.w's E.no., ch. 2, p. 289.
4243. POLITICS, corrupted. " Traits." It was
a shrewd .saying, whoever .said it, tliat the
man who first ruined the Roman peoi)Ie was he
who first gave them treats and gratuities. — Plu-
TAUcii's Caius Mauchs.
4244. . Rfir/nof ChniicsTI. Scarce-
ly any rank or profession escaped tlie infection
of the prevailing immorality ; but th.o.se persons
who made politics their business were perhaps
the most corrupt part of the corrupt society. —
Macaui.at's Eng., ch. 2, p. 170.
4245. . Iteign of Oharles II. Among
those politicians who, from the Kestoratlon to
the accession of the house of Hanover, were at
the head of the great parties in the State, very
few can be named whose reputation is not
stained by what, in our age, would be called
gross perfidy and corruption. It is scarcely an
exaggeration to say that the most unprincipled
l)ublio men who have taken part in affairs with-
in our memory would, if tried by the standard
which was in fashion during the latter part of
the seventeenth century, deserve to be regarded
as scrupulous and disinterested, — Macaulay's
ENG.,ch. 2, p. 171.
4246. POLITICS, Devices in. " Ij>g-rolling ."
After Duke Marlborough had won his famous
victory at Blenheim, which checked the danger-
ous ambition of France, party spirit ran so high
that the Tories attempted to tack on the twice
defeated bill against Occasional Conformity to
a money bill, which was to enable the war to be
continued. The .scheme was defeated. The
tackers, as they were called, became ridiculous
to the nation. — Knight's Eng., vol. 5, ch. 18,
p. 289.
4247. POLITICS, Disappointments in. Henry
Clay. Old " Rough and Read3%" as Taylor was
/•ailed by his troops, . . . was chosen over Mr.
Clay as Uie standard-bearer of bis party. ... To
the overwhelming chagrin of Mr. Clay a man
unknown in political circles was preferred as the
candidate of the i)arty of which he felt himself
to have been the creator. Mr. Clay was eiu'agcd
bv the insult, and never became reconciled to it
'I hough he gave in the end a (juiet vole for Tay-
lor, he stul)bornly refu.sed during the camijaigti
to ()i)en his li|)s or write a word in favor of his
election. — Hi.aine'h Twknty Yeakh ok Con-
(lUKss, p. 7(5.
4218. POLITICS, Dislike for. Samuel Jolui-
Hoii. I mentioned politics. Johnson : "Sir, I'd
as soon have a man to break my bones as fjdk to
to me of public alTairs, internal or external. I
have lived to see things all as bad as they can
be" — BoswKi, I. 's Johnson, p. 484.
424». POLITICS disrelished, (lihhon in Par-
Uaiiient. Gibbon's political career is the side of
his liistory from which a friendly biographer
would most readily turn away. Not that it was
exceptionally ignoble or .self-seeking if tritul by
the standard of the time, l)ut it was altogether
conunonplace and luiworthy of him. The fact
that he never even once o])ened his mouth in the
House is not in itself blameworthy, though disap-
pointing in a man of his jjower. It was indeed
laudable enough if he had nothing to say. But
why had he nothing to say ':* His excuse is tim-
idity and want of readiness. AVe niav reasonably
assume that the cause lay deei)er. AVith his men-
tal vigor he would soon have overcome such ob-
stacles if he had really wished and tried to over-
come them. The fact is, that he never tried be-
cause he never wished. It is a singular thing to
say of such a man, but nevertheless true, that he
had no ta.ste or capacity whatever for politics.
He lived at one of the most exciting periods of
our history ; he a.ssisted at debates in which con-
stitutional and imperial questions of tl'.e highest
moment were discussed by masters of eloquence
and state policy, and he hardly appears to have
been aware of the fact. — Mouiuson's Gibbon,
ch. 6.
4250. POLITICS, Duplicity in. Leo X. [In the
early part of the sixteenth century, when France
and Austria were warring against each other
for twenty-eight years, with short intervals of
peace, the authorities at Rome pursued a double
policy toward the contending sovereigns.] It
IS related of Leo X. that he avowed " that when
he had concluded a treaty with one party, he did
not on tJiat account cease to negotiate with the
other."— Knight's Eng., vol. 2, ch. 17, p. 381,
4251. POLITICS, Eminence in. Martin Van
Buren. In point of intellectual force, he must
rank below the really eminent men with whom he
was long associated in public life. But he was
able, industrious, and, in political management,
clever beyond any man who has thus far appear-
ed in American politics. — Blaine's Twenty
Yeaks of Congress, p. 85.
4252. POLITICS eschewed. Romans. The seat
of justice has been publicly debauched. Resolu-
tions are introduced against corruption, but no
law can be carried. The knights are alienated.
The Senate has lost its authority. The concord
of the orders is gone, and the pillars of the com-
monwealth which I set up are overthrown. We
liave not a statesman, or the shadow of one. My
friend Pompey, who might have done something,
POLITICS.
503
sits silent, lulniirinff liis fine clotlies. Crassus will
siiy nothing toniivki' liinuself uni)()p\ilar, and the
rest are siieli idiots us to liope that altliougli tlie
constitution fall, they will save their own tish-
ponds. [So Cicero wrote.] — Fholde's C^:8AH,
ch. 12.
4a53. POLITICS, Failure of. Poor Ireland. [In
151.1 the opprc'ssion of the poor in Ireland was
universal.] The noble folk, whether English or
Irish, were oppressors. Tliey seized upon horse
meat and man's meat of the king's jjoor subjects
by coini)ulsi()n, for naught, without any penny
paying therefor. . . . The dei)uty and hiscouii-
cil W(^re extortioners. The Church was wholly
abandoned to lucre, nonff preaching or teaching
but the mendicant friars. In every department
of lay or spiritual rule th(! private weal, and not
the common weal, was alone regarded. . . . The
people despaired of a remedy for these cnm])licat-
ed miseries, and said, " Nomedicine can be had
now for the said infirmity but such as have been
had afore this time ; ami folks were as wise that
time as they be now ; and since they never could
find remtidy, how should remedy be found by
us ?" [Quoted from Suite papers.] — Kn'kiht's
Eno., vol. 3, ch. 24, p. 3S7.
4354. POLITICS, Forgiveiiess in. Napoleon L
[After Napoleon's escape from e.xile at Elba,
and his re-ascension of the throne of France,]
members of that senate which liad pronounced
Napoleon's forfeiture of the throne called, trem-
blingly, with their congratulations. The emperor
received them with courtesy, and gave no indi-
cation of the slightest resentment. " I leave that
act," said he, " for hi.story to relate. For my
part, I forget all pjist occurrences." — Abjjott's
Napoleon B., vol. 2, ch. 26.
4355. POLITICS, OenerooB. William Penn.
The next care of Pemi was to draw up a frame
of government for his province [of Pennsyl-
vania]. Herein was his great temptation. He
had almost exhausted his father's (estate in aid-
ing the persecuted Quakers. A stated revenue
would be very necessary in conducting his ad-
ministration. His proprietary rights under the
charter were .so ample that he might easily re-
serve for himself large prerogativtss and great
emoluments in the government. He had before
him the option of being a consistent, honest
Quaker or a politic wealthy governor. He chose
like a man ; right triumphed over riches. The
constitution which he framed was liberal almost
to a fault ; and the people were allowed to adopt
or reject it as they might deem proper. — Rid-
PATn'^8 U. S., ch. 25, p. 210.
4256. POLITICS, Hypocrisy in. Angudm. The
tender respect of Augustus for a free constitution
which he had destroyed can only be explained
by an attentive consideration of the character of
that subtile tyrant ... a cool head, an unfeel-
ing heart, and a cowardly disposition prompted
him at the age of nineteen to assiune the mask
of hypocrisy, which he never afterward laid
aside. With the same hand, and probably with
the same temper, he signed the proscription of
Cicero, and the pardon of Cinna. His virtues,
and even his vices, were artificial ; and accord-
ing to the various dictates of his interest, he was
at first the enemy, and at last the father, of the
Roman world. When he framed the artful sys-
tem of the Imperial authority, his moderation
was inspired by his fears. He wished to deceive
the pcoi)le by an image of civil liberty, and tho
mies by an image of civil government. — Oib-
armles by
iion'h lioMK, ch. !{, p. H7.
4357. POLITICS, Idealist in. John mUnn.
On tlu' course of affairs Milton's voice had no
intluence, as he had no part in their transaction,
Milton was the last nuui of whom a practical
politician would have .sought advice. II(! knew
nothing of the temper of the nation, and treated
all that oppo.sed his own view with sui)remc dis-
dain. On the other hand, idealist though he
was, he does not mov(! in the sphere of specula-
tive politics, or count among those philosophic
names, a few in each century, who have influ-
enced not action, but thought. Accordingly, his
opinions have for us a j)urely personiil interest.
They are part of tlu^ character of the poet Milton,
and do not belong to either Avorld, of action or
of thought. — Mii.TON, i!v .M. Pattison, ch. 11.
4259. POLITICS, Insincerity in. James 11.
To Harillon [the French minister] James ex-
pressed the strongest dislike of Halifax. "I
know him well ; I never can tru.sthim. He shall
have no share in the management of public
l)usiness. As to the i)lace winch I have ^iven
him, it will just serve to show how little influ-
ence he has.'' But to Halifax it was thought
convenient to hold a very different language.
" All the past is forgotten," .said the king, " ex-
cept the .service which j-ou did me in the debate
on the Exclusi(m bill." — ]Macaui,ay's Encii.jVNd,
ch. 4, p. 416.
4250. POLITICS, Judas in. litihert Ferr/ttson.
Robert Ferguson, the Judas of Dryden's great
satire, . . . belonged to the class whose otlice it
is to render in troubled times to exasperated par-
ties those services from which honest men shrink
in di.sgust and prudent men in fear — the cla.ss of
fanatical knaves. Violent, malignant, regardless
of truth, insensible to shame, insatiable of noto-
riety, delighting in intrigue, in tumult, in mis-
chief for Its own .sake, he toiled during many
years in the darkest mines of faction. He lived
among libellers and fal.se witnesses. He was the
keeper of a secret purse from whii'h agents too
vile to be acknowledged received hire, and tho
director of a secret press whence pamphlets,
bearing no name, were daily issued. There is
strong reason to believe that he provided for his
own safety by pretending at Whitehall to be a
spy on the Whigs, and by furnishing the govern-
ment with just so much informaticm as sufficed
to keep up his credit. He was deeply engaged
in the Rye House Plot. . . . When tlie conspir-
acy was detected and his associates were in dis-
may, he bade them farewell with a laugh, and
told them that they were novices. — Macaui.ay's
Eno., ch. 5, p. 492.
4260. POLITICS mismanaged. William, Prince
of Orange, [His invading army was successful
on English soil, and James II. a fugitive In
France.] Till after the suppression of the west-
ern insurrection grave causes of dis.sension liad
separated William both from Whigs and Tories.
He had seen with displeasure the attempts of the
Whigs to strip the executive government of some
powers which he thought necessary to its effi-
ciency and dignity. He had seen with still
deeper displeasure the countenance given by a
large section of that party to the pretensions of
=i
504
POLITICS.
I,
I
Monmouth. The Opposition, it scfnied, wished
first to make tlie crown of Ihi^land not wortli
tlie wearing, anii tlien to place it on tlie liead of
a l)astard and impostor. — M.\c.\i'i,.vy'h Eno.,
ch. 7. p. 1«7.
4361. POLITICS misplaced, fn Camp. Tlierc
were not wantinj; persons who warned hmi [I*om-
pey]tliatC'a'sar's legions niiylit still In- dangerous,
liotli C'ieero and C'alo liad advised lum to avoid
a battle, to allow ('.esarto wander ahout Greece
till his sui)i)lies failed and ins army was worn
out by marches. Pompey iumself was inclined
to the sann- opiiuon. But Pompey wa.s no longer
jd)lc to acton his own judgment. Tlie senators
wlio were with him in the camp considered that
in Greece, as in Uomt;, tliey were the supreme
rulers of the Itoman Empire. All along they
had held their .sessions and their debates, and
they liad voted resolutions which they expected
to se(; complied with. . . . They had gradually
wrested his authoritj' out of Ins hands, and re-
duce<l him to tlie condition of an officer of the
Senatorial Directory. — Fkoi'Uk'sC^esau, ch. 22.
4a6a. POLITICS modified. lieignof Janus 11.
The bigotry of the most sturdy Churchman
tvould not bear exportation acro.ss St. George's
Channel. As soon as the Cavalier arrived in
Ireland, and found that, without the liearty and
courageous a.ssistance of his Puritan neighbors,
lie and all his family would run imminent risk
of being murdered by rai)i)arees, his hatred of
Puritanism, in spite of liim.self, began to lan-
guish and die away. It was remarked by emi-
nent men of both parties, that a Protestant who,
in Ireland, was called a high Tory, would in
England have been considered as a moderate
Whig. — Macaulay's Eng., ch. 6, p. 122.
4a«3. POLITICS, Parties in. Needed. The
kings presided in the senate, and had a double
suffrage. Tliey were likewise the generals of
the republic ; but in otlier respects their power
was extremely limited. Tliey could form no
enterpri.se without the .sanction of a council of
the citizens, whose duty was to watch over their
measures. On considering this circumscribed
authority of the kings, Condillac has well re-
marked that the throne .seemed preserved in the
line of the lleraclida?, only with the view of pre-
venting any citizen aspiring to it ; and two kings
were in reality less dangerous to liberty than
one, since they constantly kept alive two oppo-
site parties, each re-straining the other's ambition,
and thus preventing all approach to tyranny. —
Tytlkk's Hist., Book 1, ch. 9, p. 91.
4364. POLITICS, Partisan. SamuclJohnson.
An eminent public cliaracter being mentioned :
Johnson : " I remember being present when he
showed himself to be so corrupted, or at lea.st
something so different from wliat I think right,
as to maintain that a member of Parliament
should go along with his party, right or wrong.
Now, sir, this is so remote from native virtue,
from .scholastic virtue, tliat a good man must
have undergone a great change before he can rec-
oncile himself to such a doctrine. It is main-
taining that j'ou may lie to the public ; for
you lie when you call that right which you
think wrong, or the reverse. A friend of ours,
who is too much an echo of that gentleman, ob-
served that a man who does not stick uniform-
ly to a party is only waiting to be bought.
Why then, said I, he is only waiting to be what
that gentleman is already.' — Boswell'b John-
son.
4365. POLITICS, Power in. '•King-Maker."
Warwick found an oi)p()rtunity of revenge.
Ilis daughter was married to tlie Duke of Clar-
ence, the king's brother. This prince he se-
duced from his allegiance, as v,v\\ as many of the
nobles of the York faction, and Warwick now
openly stood forth the champion of the house of
Lancaster. After various intermediate changes,
Edward [IV.] was depo.sed from the throne, and
Henry VI. once more reinstated by the hands
of Warwick, who was now distinguished Ijy tlio
epithet of the king-maker. — Tytleu's IIist. ,
Book 0, ch. 14, p. 220.
4366. . Charles, Tames Fox. I asked
him if it was true, as rejwrted, that he had said
lately, " I am for the king against Fox ; but I
am for Fox against Pitt." Johnson : " Yes,
sir ; the king is my master ; but I do not know
Pitt ; and Fox is my friend." " Fox," added he,
" isamost extraordinary man ; here is a man . . .
who has divided the kingdom with Ctesar ; so
that it was a doubt whether the nation should
be ruled bv the sceptre of George III. or the
tongue of Ji'ox." — Boswell's Johnson, p. 522.
4367. POLITICS, Prayer in. SamnelJohmon.
[His prayer, in view of becoming a politician,
was found in his diary :] " Enlighten my under-
standing with the knowledge of right, and gov-
ern my will by thy laws, that no deceit may mis-
lead me, nor temptation corrupt me ; that I
may always endeavor to do good, and hinder
evil." — Boswell's Johnson, p. 13'7.
436§. POLITICS, Preaching. Puritan. While
nobles and statesmen were cowering in silence
before the dreaded power of the kingship, the
preachers spoke bluntly out. Not only Latimer,
but Knox, Grindal, and Lever had uttered flery
remonstrances against the plunderers of Ed-
ward's [VI.] rei^n. Bradford had threatened
them with the divine judgment which at last
overtook them. " The judgment of the Lord !
The judgment of the Lord !" cried he, with a
lamentable voice and weeping tears. — Hist, op
Eno. People, g 685.
4369. . Under Cromwell. Under
no English government since the Reformation
had there been so little religious persecution.
The unfortunate Roman Catholics, indeed, were
held to be .scarcely within the pale of Christian
charity ; but the clergy of the fallen Anglican
Church were sufifered to celebrate their worship
on condition that they would abstain from
preaching about politics.— Macaulay's Hist.
ofEng.,c1i. 1, p. 129.
4370. . Jonathan Mayliew. [Pastor
of West Church, Boston. The king's stamp of-
ficer had been resisted by a mob.] On the next
Lord's day but one, before a crowded audience,
choosing as his text, ' ' I would they were even
cut off which trouble you ; for, brethren, ye
have been called unto liberty." He preached
fervidly in behalf of civil and religious freedom.
" I hope," said he, " no persons among ourselves
have encouraged the bringing of such a burden
as the Stamp Act on the country. " — Bancroft's
U. S., vol. 5, ch. 16.
POLITICS.
60&
4371.
('oiiiiifdriit. A.I). 1708.
Il was first the ciistoiii, and aflcrwiird th(M)r(lcr,
that " tlu; ininiHlcrs of tin- f^osix-l should preach
a scrinoii on the day appoiiilt'd l>y hiw for tlie
clioicc of civil rulers, proper for the direction of
the towns in the work before them." — H.\n-
t Uukt's r. H., vol. !J, eh. 1».
Iil72.
FriiirM. When, in V.VM, he
IKdward III.) resolved upon the invasion of
France, he published a manifesto U|)on the
cause of the war, which he addre.s.sed to the .Pro-
vincial of tli(^ Order of Preachinj? Friars in Enn-
land, in wlii<'li Ik; e.xhorts him to urge his bi'otli-
rt'ii to set forth his cause in their sermons. —
Knkuit's Kn(1., vol. 1, ell. 27, p. 451.
4ar3. . lins/n of (J/nirlm jr. The
jiulpils resounded with harangues against the sIti
of rebellion. '1 lu; treatises in which Filnier
maintained that hereditary despotism was tli(!
form of goveriuueut ordained by (Jod, and that
limited monarchy was a pernicious absiirditv
had recently ap|)eared, aiul had been fav()ral)l\
received by a large section of the Tory party.
The University of Oxford, on the very <liiy on
which Russell was put to death, adopted i)y a
.solemn i)ublic act ihese strange doctrines, and
ordered the political works of Huciianan, Mil-
ton, and IJaxter to be i)ublicly biu-ned in the
court of the .schools. — .M.vc.vci.Av'a Eno., ch. 2,
p. 2r>i>.
VI74. POLITICS without Principle. Pr-ofii>-
hIoiuiI. He catches without effort the tone of
any sect or jiarty with which he chances to min-
gle. He discerns the signs of the times with a
sagacity . . . with which a Mohawk warrior fol-
lows a track through the woods. But we shall
seldom find, in a .statesman so trained, integrity,
con.stancy, or any of the virtues of the noble
family of Truth. He lias no faith in any doc-
trine, no zeal for any cause. . . . He sneers alike
at those who are anxious to preserve and at those
who are eager to reform. There is nothing in
ihe 8»ate whicli he covdd not, without a .scruple
'. or a blush, join in defending or in destroying.
! Fidelity to opinions and to friends seems to him
mere dulne-ss and wrongheadedness. Politics
, he regards not a.s a science of which the object
i is the happiness of mankind, but as an exciting
I game of mixed chance and skill, at which a dex-
\ lerous and lucky player may win. — Macaulay's
iENo., ch. 2, p. 171.
4*75. POLITICS, Beverses in. Ti/leys A<f-
)ii I lustration. For the first and only time in our
political history, nn administration conducting a
war [with Mexico], victorious at every .step,
steadily lost grouncl in the country. The House
of llepresentatives, which declared war on the
11th of May, 1846, was Democratic by a large
majority. The House elected in the en.suing
autumn, amid the resounding acclamations of
Taylor's memorable victory at Mont(,'rey, had a
decided Whig majority. This political reverse
was due to tliree causes : the enactment of the
tariiT of 1846, which ofTended the manufactur-
ing interests of the country ; the receding of
the administration on the Oregon question,
which embarrassed the position and wounded
the pride of the Northern Democrats ; and the
widespread apprehension that the war was un-
dertaken for the purpose of extending and per-
petuating slavery. — Hi.aink'h Twknty Ykahs
OK t'oNdlll'.HH, p. 64.
4tl70. POLITICS, Bevulaion toward. DMio,,.
oi\ [The Duke of Shrewsbury, formerly tho
favorite minister and .secretary of State for Will-
iam HI., in 17(M), when party violenci; had
reached in climax, wrote Somers, the lord-
chancellor :] I wonder that a man can be found
in England who has bread that will be con-
cerned in i)ublic business. 1 lad I a son, I woidd
sooner breed him a cobbler than a courtier, and a
hangman thiui a statesman. — Knihut'b Eno.,
vol. 5, <h. 16, p. 240.
4arr. POLJTICS, sagacity in. //i/av/ Cln^.
Mr. ('lav possessed extraordinary sagacity in
public altairs, seeing and foreseeing where others
were blinded by ignorance or prej\idice. He was
a statesman by intidtion, finding a remedy be-
fore others could di.scoverthe disease. His con-
temporaries api)reciated his rare endowments.
On the day of his first entrance into the House
of Uepresentativcs he wns chosen speaker, though
but thirty-four years of age. This was all the more
remarkable because the House was tilled with
men of recognized ability, who had been long in
the public- service. — Ui.aink's Twenty Years
OK C'oNdKEss, J), lor.
42r». POLITICS in Saloons, neif/n of Charles
TI. The cotTee-house nuist not be dismis.sed
with a cursory mention. It might, indeed, at
that time, have been not imjjroperly called a
mosi imi)ortant political institution. No Parlia-
ment had .sat for years. The nnuiicipal council
of the city had ceased to speak the sense of the
citizens. Public meetings, harangues, resolu-
tions, and the rest of the modern nuu'hinery of
agitation had not yet come into fashion. Noth-
ing resembling the modern newspai)er existed.
In siu'h circumstances the colTee-houses were
the chief organs through which the public opin-
ion of the metropolis vented itself. — Macaulay's
Eno., ch. 3, p. 341.
4279. POLITICS, SelflBhuets in. Rmiana. The
Senate gave a notable evidence of their incapac-
ity for selecting competent governors for the
provinces by appointing in his [('rassus'] place
Cicsar's old colleague, Bibidus. In their whole
number there was no such fool as Bibulus. When
he arrived in Syria he .shut himself into a forti-
fied town, leaving the Parthians to plunder and
burn at their pleasure. Cicero mocked at him.
The Senate thanked him for bis distinguished
services. The few serious men in Rome thought
that Ca'sar or Pompey should be sent out ; or, if
they could not be spared, at least one of the con-
suls of the year — Sulpicius Rufus or Marcus
Marcellus. But the consuls were busy with
home politics, and did not wish to go, nor did
they wish that others should go and gather
laurels instead of them. Therefore nothing was
done at all, and Syria was left to fate and Bibu-
lus. — Froude's C^sar, ch. 20.
4S§0. POLITICS, Trifles in. Wliignand Tories.
[William HI. had two parties in Parliament
who were very bitter toward each other.] He met
with such treatment from both as once gave him
occa.sion to say, in a pet, to Lord Halifax, that
all the difference he knew between the two par-
ties was that the Tories would cut his throat in
600
POMTKS— POOU.
thc! inorniiiL'. and tin; Wlii^js in (lie aftcmooii. —
Knioiit'h Ln(i., vol. r», ell. 1(1, p. 244.
'I'JNI. POLITICS, Vexation in. Ilmwe (}reelen.
Aslli, staiidiirdlK'arci uf the Mlicnii Ucpultliciin
und IK'iiiocialic parties. Horace (JiccU-y, editor
oftlic New York '/'n'/unn', was Moiniiialed. Tiiis
wa.s the last act in that rcniarkahle iiian'H career.
For more than thirty yeari he had been an ac-
knowledired leader of piihjic opinion in America.
IltHiad (liHcus.sed with vehement ener^fy anden-
thuHiasm almost every (piestion in which the
people of the I'liited States have any interest.
After a lifetime of iintirinif industry he was now,
lit the Mu:e of si.\tv-one, called to the forefront of
political strife. 'iMie canvass was one of wild (!.\-
citement and hitter denunciations. Mr. Greeley
was overwhelnunj;l V beaten, and died in less than
II month after the election. In his death the na-
tion lost a i^reat philanthropist, and Journalism
its l)ri;jhtest light. — Riur.vTii's U. S., ch. (18,
p. o.-jH.
'laiil. POLITICS, Woman in. fit if/ n of
Chuiii'H If. A negotiation was arranged which
lasted sc^veral months. Tlu- chief agent between
the Engli.sh and French courts was the Iwautiful,
graeefid, and intelligent Henrietta, Duchess of
Orleans, sister of [King] Charles, si.ster-in-law of
flvingj Louis XIV.. and a favorite with both.
The King of England offered to declare himself
u Roman Catholic, to dis.solve the Triple Alli-
ance, and join with France against Holland, if
France would engage to lend him such military
und pecuniary aid as might nuike him inde-
pendent of his Parliament.- -Ma('Ai:lav'8 Eng.,
ch. 3, p. 192.
4a§3. POLITICS, Young Men in. Disdained.
[Lord Clarendon, counsellor under Charles II.]
Toward the young
orators, who were rising to
distinction and authority in the Lower House,
his deportment was ungracious ; and he suc-
ceeded in making them, with scarcely an excep-
tion, his deadly enemies. Indeed, one of his
most .serious faults was an inordinate contempt
for youth, and this contempt was the more un-
.iustitiable, because his own experience in Eng-
lish politics was by no means proportioned to his
age ; for so great a jjart of his life had been
passed abroad, that he knew less of the world in
which he found liimself on his return than many
who might have been his sons. . . . For these
reasons he was disliked by the Conunons. —
Macaulay's Exg., ch. 2, p. 183.
4384. POMP in private Life. Geueml W<(1-
leiisteiii. [Being dismissed from the.inny, where
he had won renown,] repose was the last thing
that Wallenstein contemplated when he returned
to private life. In his retreat he surrounded
himself with a regal pomp whicli seemed to
mock the sentence of degradation. Six gates
led to the palace he inhabited in Prague, and a
hundred houses were pulled down to make way
for his courtyard. Similar palaces were built
on his other numerous estates. Gentlemen of the
noblest houses contencied for tlie lionor of .serving
him, and even imperial chamberlains resigned
the golden key to the emperor, to fill a similar
office under Wallenstein. He maintained sixty
pages, who were instructed by the ablest masters.
His antechamber was protected by fifty life-
guards. His table never consisted of less than
one hiuidred covers, and his seneschal was a per-
son of distinction. When he travelled his Img
gag(! and suite accompanied hitn in a hundred
wagons, drawn by six or four horses ; his cniirt
followed in sixty carriages, attended by fifty led
horses. The pomp of Ids liveries, tlu' splendor
of hise(|uip»ges, and the decorations of his apart-
ments were in keeping with all the rest. Si.\
barons und as many knights were inconstant at-
tendance about his person, and ready to cvecuto
his slightest order. 'I'welve patrols went llieir
rounds about his palace, to prevent any disturb-
ance. His busy genius re(|uired silence. 'I'he
noise of coaches was to be ke|)t awav front his
residence, and the streets leading toll were fre-
(|uently blocked up with chains. His own ( ir-
clc was as silent as the approaches to his ]);iluce ;
dark, reserved, an<l impenetrable, he was muri!
si)aring of his words than of his gifts, while the
little tliat he spoke was harsh and i"iperious,
H(^ never snuled, and the coldness of his lem-
perament was jtroof against .sensual seduc tions.
— TniKTv Ykahs' AVah, ^ 228.
4af«(5. POMP, Oriental. lioyal. Whilr iho
successors of Cyrus reigned over Asia, the prov-
ince of As.s^-ria alone maintained, during a third
part of the year, the luxurious plenty of the
table and hou.sehold of the great king. Four
(;onsi(lcrable villages were assigned for the sul)-
sistenee of his Iiulian dogs ; eight hundred stal-
lions and sixteen thousand mares were cou-
.stantly kept, at the expen.se of the country, for
the royal stables; and as the daily tribute which
was paid to the satraj) amounted to one Eng-
lish bushel of silver, wc; may compute theauiuial
revenue of Assyria at more than twelve hundred
thousand pounds steilimr. — Gibbon's 1u>mk,
eh. 24, p. 481.
41186. POMPOSITY, Ezpreasion of. Sawnd
JohntKin. Lord Lucan tells a very good story,
which ... is certainly characteristical : that when
the sale of Thrale's brewery was going forward,
Johnson appeared bustling about, with an ink-
liorn and pen in his button-hole, like an excise-
man ; and on being a.skcd what he really cmisid,
ered to be the value of the projierty which was
to be disposed of, answered, ' We are not hero
to sell a parcel of boilers and vats, but the poteii-
tialitj' of growing rich beyond the drean\s of
avarice." — Bohwki.i.'s Johnson, p. 456.
4287. POOB benefited. Bi/ Civilization. Of
tlie blessings which civilization and philosoiihy
bring with them, a large proportion is common
to all ranks, und w(mld, if withdrawn, be missed
as painfully by the laboreras by the peer. The
market-place which the rustic can now reach
with his cart in an hour was, a hundred and
sixty years ago, a tlay's ,jomney from him. The
.street which now affords to the artisan, during
the whole night, a secun;, a convenient, and a
brilliantly lighted walk, was, a hundred and si.\-
ty years ago, so dark after sunset that he would
not have been able to see his hand, so ill paved
that he would have run constant risk of break-
ing his neck, and .so ill watched that he would
have been in imminent danger of being knocked
down and plundered of his small earnin<!:s.
Every bricklayer who falls from a scaffold,
every sweeper of a crossing who is run over by
a carriage, now may have his wounds dressed
and his limbs set with a skill such as, a hundred
and sixty years ago, all the wealth of a great
POOH.
60?
Of
lord lik(! Orinoiul, or of ii iiicrcliiint pHnce like
Cliiytod, could not have piirilmscd.— Macat
i.ay'h Eno., ell. !{, J). 'M\.
4illilS. POOB burdened. For t/ie liir/i. INI ore
fr('(|iici)lly tlmii umuhI, in <(>iiHj'qu('n(i' of tlii!
kiiiK'H aipllvlty [Iticluird I. was CHplurcd while
rt'lurninf; from the crusiidc, und inij)riHon('d more
tlmniiyfur by t lit; Kmprror of (JtrnmnyJ iind
otlu^r iiccidt'iits, aids of no small amount weri!
Imixmcd uixiii thu citizens ; and the rich men,
eparing their own pnrses, wanted the poor to
l)ay everything. — Knkhit'hEnci., vol. 1, ch. 32,
p. :531.
4iiNft. FOOB, Children of the. liW^v/^. [Sam-
uel Wesley, the father of .lolin Wesley, reared a
family of ten children onj his Kpworth living,
which alTorded but JtliU) ; . . . lie lived in con-
tinual conflict witli poverty ; . . . he was im-
])risoned for debt and died in debt. . . . 'I'ln;
economy by which .so largea familv were reared
and educated is a remarkiible fact in its Idstory.
— Stkvkns' Mktiiodism, vol. 1, p. .">9.
4il00. POOB, Conspiracy against the. h'n(/lM
JxijMdtioii. in sonu! jioints, such as his I 'fliomas
More'sJ treatment of the (juestion of tabor, he
still remains fur in a.lvance of current opinion.
The wliolc system of society around him seemed
to liim "nothing but a conspiracy of the rich
against the poor." Its economic legislation, from
the statute of laborers to the .statutes by which
the parliament of l.Tl.') strove to llx a standard
of wages, was .simply the carrying out of such a
consjjiracy by process of law. "The rich are
ever striving to pare away fiomething further
from the daily wages of the poor by private
fraud und even by public law, so that the wrong
already existing (wr it is a wrong that those from
whom the State derives most benetit should re-
ceive least reward) is made yet greater by means
of the law of the State." " The ri(^h devi.se every
means by which they may, in the first place, se-
cure to them.selvea what they liave ama.ssed by
wrong, and then take to their own use and profit,
at the lowe.st possible price, the work and labor
of the poor. And so soon as the rich decide on
adopting these devices in the name of the pub-
lic, then they become law." The result was the
"wretched existence to which the labor chiss was
doomed, " a life so wretched that even a beast's
life seems enviable." — Hist, ok Eno. Pkopi.e,
g 523.
4391. POOB, Decrease of the. h'ii(/la/id. There
can hardly be a more important test of the con-
dition of the common people than the ratio which
this class bears to the whole scK'iety. At pres-
ent the men, women, and children who receive
relief are, in bad years, one tenth of the inhab-
itants of England, and, in good years, one thir-
teenth. Gregory ICing estimated them in his time
at more than a fifth ; and this estimate, wliich all
our respect for his authority will scarcely prevent
us from calling extravagant, was pronounced
by Daveuant eminently judicious. — M.\caui..ay'8
Eno., ch. 3, p. 391.
4399. POOB, Discrimination against the. Law.
In 1704, ... by the statute " for raising recruits
for the land forces and marines," justices of the
jieace and mayors or other head offlcers of bor-
ough were empowered "to raise and levy such
able-bodied men as have not any lawful calling
or employment, or visible means for their nuiin-
tenance and livelihood, to serve as soldiers. The
constables were lon'ceive l(t*. per head for bring
ing the tattered prodigals before the justices,
Tlds statute was renewed in ITOn and the sys-
tem was also tried in the latter end of tlie reign
(.♦' (}eorge II."— Knioiit's Eno., vol. 5, ch. 18,
1493. POOB, Dwellings of the. ('dlum. In
IH'M ... in Liveri)ool there were HOttO cellars oc-
cupied by 3(),(MK) people, few of which cellars,
from tin; absence of drains and sewers, were en-
tirely free from damp, and n>ost of them wen
inun(late<l after a fall of rain. In a reoort laid
before the llritish Association for the Advance-
ment of Science, it was stated that the projiorlion
of the population who lived in eelliirs was 13
per cent; of .Manchester, llti)erceiil ; of Sal-
font, H percent ; of llury, 3J per cent.- KsKiiiTf*
Kn(i., vol. H, ch. 22, |). 3»3.
4994. POOB, Hardships of the. ^finel^l*. 1'lin
report of a commission appointed by Parliament
in 1840, to in(pdre into the employment of the
children of the ])oorer classes in mines and col-
lieries, exhibited in some mining districts a slate
of things, with regard not only to chihlren but
to wouK'u, which could scarcely be paralleled.
... A child of six years of age, with a girdle
round his or her waist, to wliich was attached a
chain i)asHing (uider the legs, and fastened to a
cart, had thus to drag a load on all fours through
avenues not so good as a common sewer. Chil-
dren and women who were not employed in
dragging loads by the ginlle and chain had t(<
carry loads of coal on their backs up steep as-
cents ecpnil in distiinceto the height of St. Paul's
fourteen times a day. — Knkuit's Eno., vol. 8.
t. 22, p. 395.
1995. POOB, First Laws for the. England.
Tlie tentative process by which the principle of
a public contribution for the relief of the poor-
was first approached, is distinctly set forth by
the .statute of 1551-52. A book was to be kept
for ejich parish, in which should be entered the
names of the householders, and of the impotent
poor. In whitsun-week two or more persons,
were to l)e appointed as collectors of alms ; und
on the Sun(hiy following, when the people are
at chinch, " the .said collectors .shall gently usk
und demand of every man and woman what
they of their charity will give weekly toward
the relief of the poor." Tlie sums so collected
weekly were to be distributed by the same (!ol-
lectors, "after such .sort that the more impotent
may have the more help, und such as can get
part of their living have the less ; and by the
discretion of the collector to be put in such labor
as they be able to do." If any person, being
able, refuse to contribute, he was to lie gently
exhorted by the parson und churchwardens ;
and if their exhortations failed, he wus to be
sent for by the bishoj), to be induced und per-
suaded to so charitable a deed. . . . The same
principle is maintained by the statute of 1562-63 :
" If any person of his froward or wilful mind
shall obstinately refuse to give weekly . . . ac-
cording to his ability," the bishop had power to
bind him to appear at the next sessions, when
the justices, if he continued obstinate, might de-
termine what sum he should pay, and commit
him to prison if he persisted in his refusal.
il
r.(i8
POOH— PoFM'JtV.
ITIiis \vii.s tlic first iiHscrllrm of the prliu'lplc of
a compiilHorv aM.'M'SMiiiciit of proix-rly for tin-
rillcf of iIk" poor.J— Knkuit'h Eno., vol. :i,
ell. 17. p ^»7.
lillNI. POORoppreaiad by Law. h'lif/lniitl. [In
DtHN no workinKMiiiii, skilled or niiMkillcd, was
pcriiiitlcd to I Ix^ar Wucklcr, sword, nor da^fjtiT
rvct'pt in tlir lime of War. Tlu'V were to idnin-
don "all idle >;ain('s of tennis, f(M>tliall. (jiioitH,
Hkillles, dice and casting; sl(»ne." lAn art of
Parliament I'orliade it. | — Knkiiit's K.nci., vol. 'J,
ell. 1, p. It.
lilOT. POOR, Oppreiiion of the. Smiiitn. |In
Ihc middle of the ei^lileenlli century iId^ Juh
tico of the peace| would commit ii servant to
Hi'idt.-well at any lime when a master or mistress |
desired it. — Iv.nkiiit'h Kno., vol. 7, eh. «(. p. lOH.
'tilOM. . /ioniiiii. (When diirinj;
the wars aifaiiist the Sahines the poor of the citv
of Rome \aiidv plead for toleration,] tlie'v ,
left tlii^ city, and withdrew to the hill nowcalleil i
Sinr<l, near the river Anio, lint, without commit- '
tin^' any violence or other act of sedition. Only j
as they went alonj;, they loudly complainell I
that it was now a j;reat whih^ .since tlw; rich 1
had driven them from their habitations ; that It-
aly would anywhere sui)ply them with air and
water and a place of Ixirial ; and th.it Uome, if
they had stayed in it, would alTord them no oth-
er privile;,'e, unless it were such, to bleed anddi(!
in lij^htinji; for their wealthy ()ppre.s.sor.s. The
Seimte was then alarmed, and from the oldest,
Uieu of their body .sch-cted the most moderate
and |»oi)ular to treat with llu; i)eo|)k'. At the
lieiid of thi'in was .Menenius Af;rippa, who after
much entreaty addressed to them, and many ar-
j^uments in defence of the Senate, concluded hi.s
discourse with this celebrated fable : " The mem-
bers of the human body once mutinied a^iiinst
the belly, and accused it of lying idle ima use-
less, while they were all laborinfj and toilinjj to
satisfy its apiH'tites ; but the belly oidy laiiglied
nt their simplicity, who Itnew not tliat, though
it received all the n()urishiner\t into itself, it pre-
])an'd and distributed it again to all i)art.s of IIk;
body. Just .so, my fellow citizens," .suid he,
"stands the ca.so between the Senate and you.
For their necessary eoun.sc'ls and acts of govern-
ment are productive of advantage to you all, and
distribute their salutary intiuence among the
whole people." — Pi.itaucii'h C.\iu8 Mahc:hih.
4309. POOR, Refuge for. James Ogktimrpe.
Georgia, the thirteenth American colony, was
founded in a spirit of pure benevolence. Tlie
laws of England permitted imprisonment for
debt. Thousands of Eugli.sb laborers, who
through misfortune and thouglitless contracts
liad become indebted to the rich, were annually
arrested and thrown into jail. There were deso-
late and starving families. Tlie miserable con-
dition of the debtor class at last attracted the at-
tention of Parliament. In 1728 a commissioner
was appointed, at his own reqiuHt, to looli into
(he state of the poor, to visit the prisons of the
kingdom, and to report mea.sures of relief. The
work was accomplished, the jails were opened,
and the poor victims of debt returned to tlieir
homes. Tlic noble commi.s.sioner wius not yet
satisfied. ... To provide a refuge for tlie down-
trodden poor of England, and the distres.sed Prot-
estants of other countries, he now appealed to
privilege of planting a colony
was favoriiblv h
I'oloiiv
heanf,
17:i"v', a royal charter was
(leorge II, for tin
in America. The petit
and on the IMIi of .liini
issued by which the territory between the Savan-
nah 1111(1 Allamaha rivers, aixl westward from
the upper fountains of those rivers to tlu^ Pacitic,
was orgaid/ed ami granted to a corporation for
I went v one years, to he held in trimtfor the {loor.
— Hiili'Arii H U. S.. eh. 'M, p. \i:\H.
liKMK POOR, Remembrance of the. In Tniile.
Samuel Pepys writes of his visit toihe Hague in
ItMIO : " In every house of enlertaimnent llier(?
hangs in every room a poor man's In).\, it being
their custom to contlrm all bargains by putting
something into the bo.\, and that binds as fiiNtas
anything. '
j:iOI. POPE superaeded, The. /A /</.// Vni.
\v\ Henry, though he had (piarrelled with tlu*
pop(! I Clement VII. |.anddespoile<laiid iilM)liHhe(i
the monasteries, had not renounced the reUgion
of the Church of Home. 11*^ still prided himself
on his title of Defender of tin; Faith, and lie
continued, in every respect, to be a good CJatlio-
lic, except that he chose to b(> pope in his own
kingdom. — Tvti.kk's Hist., Mook 0, eh. 20,
p. :{01.
'ISOii. POPE, Supremacy of the. lienefieial.
Even the si)iritual supremacy arrogated by the
j)ope was. in the Dark Ages, productive of far
more good than evil. Its elTect was to unite tin;
nations of Western Europe in one great com-
monwealth. Wli;it the Olympian <'hariot courso
and the Pythian miKile were to all Iht; Qretik cities,
from Trebi/ond to Marseilles, Uome and her
bi.shop were to all ( 'hristians of the Latin com-
munion, from C'alal)ria to the Hebrides. Thus
grew up sentiments of enlarged benevolence.
Uaces separated from each othcT by seas and
mountains a(;knowledged a fraternal tie and
a common code of public law. — Macaux-ay's
Eno., ch. 1, p. 8.
4303. POFERT, Enalavement by. Iligtory.
[Lord Shaftesbury said in 1678 :] Poucry and sla-
very, like two sisters, go hand in hand ; and some-
times one goes first, and sometimes tlie other ;
but wheresoever the one enters, the other is fol-
lowing close behind. — Knight's Eno., vol. 4,
ch. 20, p. 832.
4304. POPERY, Struggle with. Fi-edenck II.
[The Emperor of Germany , J Frederick II. ,l)y his
policy and his arms, carried on a vigorous con-
test with four popes succes.sively without bring-
ing any of them to submission. By two of these
popes, Gregory IX. and Innocent IV., he was
excommunicated and solemnly deposed ; but
Frederick kejit pos.session of his throne and
maintained his independence. In consequence
of the la.st sentence of deposition, he wrote, in the
mo.st spirited manner, to all the princes of Ger-
many, "I am not the fli-st," says he, "whom
the clergy have treated ,so unworthily, and I
shall not be the last. But you are the cause ot
it, by obeying those hypocrites, whose ambition,
you are sensible, is carried Iwyond all bounds.
How many infamous actions may you not dis-
cover in the court of Rome ! While those pon-
tiffs are abandoned to the vices of the age, and
intoxicated with pleasure, the greatness of their
wealth extinguishes in their minds all sense of
religion. It js, tlierefore, a work of charity to
rol'KS— POl'lLAUilY.
ritii)
deprive flif III of those pertileloiix treiiNiires which
aretheir nilii ; and in IhiMcaiiHe you ought all to
«o()|M'riile with me. " — 'rvri.KUM Mimt., liook tl,
eh. 1>, |., l.VJ.
VM^. POPES, DiirepuUble. ./"///. X/f. The
intluenee of two >(Nler piostilutcM, .Maro/.hi and
'riieodora, wax t'cainded on their wealtli and
iM'auly, their polilical and amorous intrigues,
the most HtremiiHiH of their lovern were ri'ward
ed with the iiomaii ndtre. and their reign may
have Huggesli'd to the darhT ages tia' i'altle of
u female pope, 'I'lie liastanl son, the grandscai,
and the irreal graiaJHou of ,Maro/.ia, a rare geneal
ogy, Were seated in the chair of SI. I'elcr, and
it was at the age of nineteen y<'ars that the sec-
ond of these hecaine the head of tln^ liat in church.
Ills youth and manhood were of a suitable com-
plexion ; and tlu! nations of pilgrims coidd hear
testimony to thiM'harges Ihal were urged against,
him in a Koman Synod, and in the presence of
Ollio the Great. As .lohn Xil. had renounced
the (lre.s.s and decencies of his profession, the
Kolffitr may not jierhaps he dishonored hy tlu;
wine which he draidv, the hlood that he spilt,
the tlumcH that Ik- kindled, or the lieetitious pur-
.sidlH of ganung and hunting. Ilisopeti simony
ndght he the consc(pience of distress ; and his
hlaspliemoiis invocation of .Iui)iler and Venus,
if it he true, could not ])ossil)Iy l)e si'rious. Hut
we read, with .some surprise, that the worthy
grandson of Maro/ia lived in piihlie adultery
with the matrons of Home ; that the Lateran
paliiee was turned into a school for prostitution,
and that his rapes of virgins and widows had de-
terred the female j)ilgrims from visiting the tomb
of Ht. I'eter, lest, in the devout act, they Hhould
ho violated hy his successor. — OrunOiN'H Komk,
eh. 4i», p. til.*
1.100. POPULARITY, Dangers of. Pom pi y. A
Hoiiian commander, on landing in Italy after
foreign service, was expected to disband his
k'gions, and rclajjse into the position of a private
person. A popular and Hucces.sful geia^ral was
an object of instinctive fear to the iioliticians
who iuild the reins of government. 'I he Senate
was never pleased to sees any individual too niiich
i\\\ object of popular idolatry ; and in the ca.s(!
of Pompey their susiiicion was the greater on
iiccount of the greatness of his achieveiiient.s, and
because his (H)mmand had been forced upon
them by the, people against their will. — FuofDK's
('.H8AII, eh. 12.
4307. POPULAEITY deserved. Emfwror Ti-
tus. The desolation of C)aiu|)ania, occasioned
by this tc^rrible eruption of Vesuvius, was reme-
died to tlie utmost by the bencticenee of Titus,
who set apart large "funds for the relief of the
KuffcTers. In order to judge of their losses, Ik^
went himself to C'anipunia, and by a kind of
fatality, while absent on this benevolent expedi-
tion, a Hre, which broke out In the city, desolat-
ed a great part of Home. The losses oc(!asl()ued
to his subjects by these reiterated calamities he
repaired at his own charges, not from the public
money, which is geniTally the treasury of the
prince's bounties, but from the sale of tlie super-
fluous drnanients and riches of his palaces. Thus
this virtuous prince occujiled himself by t^very
means which generosity or benevolen<e could
dict^ite in diffusing happiness among all classes
of his subjects, when, to their unspeakable re-
gret, he was cut olT in thi' thlrtl year of hhi
reign. Me died at the agi' of forty, leaving be-
hind him the most merited and exalted epithet,
Ihliriii /nninini i/i lit liii ■ l/ir ili/ii//i/ of' tlie /in-
iiiiiii /(/(y. — Tyn.Ku's Ilisr., Hook S, ch. I,
p IIH.
i:i0M. POPULARITY, Dootrinai. Anninioii.
The Arminian doiirine, a doctrine less austerely
logical than that of Ihe early Heforiners, but morn
i.grceable to the jtopuliu' notions of the divine
justice and benevolence, spread fasi and wide.
The infection soon reached Ihe court. Opin-
ions which, at the time of the accession of .lames
|1.|. 11'. clergyman could have a\owed with-
out inunineni risk of being slri|i|)ed of hisgown,
were now Ihe best title tc pri'fi nneiit. A divine
of that age who was asked by a simple country
gentleman what tlu^ Arminians held, answered
with as much truth as wit, that they held all lh(
best bishoprics and deaneries in 'England. — Ma-
CAILAVH K.Nd., ch. 1, p. 71.
-I^Ot*. POPULARITY, An evil. S,il, of In-
iliilf/iiirix. The region round about Magdeburg,
llalbersla<ll, Zerbst, and Halle was Iraver.sed by
Tet/.el as if he were a distinguished prelate of
the Church, lie rode in a magnilicenl wagon
surrounded by aniountcil body-guard, lie was
met at the gales of every city he eiilered by Ihe
monks and other clergy, Ihe municipal <'oun<'il-
lors, teachers and students, men and women, old
and young, amid the ringing of bells, the sing,
ing of church choirs, and Ihe burning of torches.
At till' head of Ihe procession was carried the
papal bull upon a velvet cushion and taken into
the church. Merc was erected a red cross, on
which was fastened the papal banner. Then
Tel/cl mounted the i>ulpil and iin|iorluned tlu;
people with his adinonilions and recommenda-
tions of indulgences : " Now, now is Ihe day of
grace come to your very doors ! Ye women,
.sell your veils and purchase indulgences with
the j)roceeds 1" Me classitied sins and misde-
meanors, and lixed a delinitc ta.x for each and
all. Thus, sacrilege or church robbery and
perjury were rated at nine ducats; a murder al-
ready committid, ateiglil ducats ; adultery, atsix
ducats, etc. It is .said that upon his treasure-
chest was inscribed the motto :
" Soon as the coin in the bf)x doth ring,
The soul can into heaven si)ring. "
— Ukin's LiTiiKU. ch. '2, p. ^'^.
4310. POPULARITY without Fame, ('lity c.'i
Wt'bi<ti:i: It was not ... in .Mr. Webster's nik
ture to become a partisan cliief. ^Ir. Clay, ou
the other hand, was naturally and inevitably a
leader. In all the discussions of the Senate iu
which constitutional cpiestions were involved,
Mr. Clay in.stinctively deferred to Mr. Webster.
In the parliamentary debates w hich concerned
the position of parlies and the fate of measure^,
which encliained the Senate and led captive the
people, Mr. Clay was /'r^r^Vt' p/V/iw/w. Mr. Weh-
•ster argued the principle. Mr. Clav embodied
it in a statute. Mr. Welwter's speeches are still
read with interest and .studied with profit. Mr.
Clay's .speeches swayed listening senates and
moved multitudes, but reading them is a dlsai)-
pointment.— Bi-AiNKS Twkxty Ykaus of Con-
(iUKSS, p. 107.
4311. POPILARITY hindered. Uiign of
ChiirUnlI. Among the .statesmen of that age,
I
i
010
I'oi'i i-.vuriv.
Ilitliliis wiiH, in ^cn' i>t. till' tti'xi. Ills inlrlli'i'l
wiiM li'i'lilc, Milillc, anil rii|iit('iou>i. IIIn iMiltslinl,
liiiiiiiiiiiiM, uriil uniituiti'il cltxiiii'iici', xri utT liv (lie
mIIvi r liincN of IiIm voici', vvii« llir ili'li^lil of llic
l|iill>M' of LiinlH Mix ( i)ll\rl'Nltlii)ll ovcrllnwi'il
will) iIioiikIiI. riini) . uiiil wil. Ills iiiililicul
intcls wi-II (IrMcrvc to lirMiiiilird for llicir lllcrury
iiirrit. ami fully I'litilli* liiin tu a lilaic ain<)iii{
Kiik''"!' clawNl"'!*. '1(1 ilic wi'ljflil drrlvtd fri)in
imIi'IiIs HO ^ri'iit aiitl variolic, lir (iiiitctl all llic in
tliii'iirc wliicli Ik'Iom^s to rank ami ani|)l(' pox
M('>i>iion>i. Yi't hii wan l<'ss MnccMNfiil in poliiirs
lliuti iiiuiiy who riijoyi'il iniallrr ailvanla^cs. In-
ilccd. tliosc inlt'llcctiial |i<'rliliiiril|rs wliiili make
iiiM \vriliii>;H > aliialilc. frniiiciilly iinjx'iliil him
III the coiiIchIs of acllvt' life ; for li<' always saw
ItasMJii^r cvnils, not in Ihc i)oiiii, of view in wiiicli
tliry I'oininonly ap|)i'iir lo oid' wIio linirs a pari
in tlii'iii, ImiI in till' point of view in which, after
lilt- lapM' of many years, tiiev appear to llie
nhilosnphic historian, Willi sneli a lurn of iiiimi,
Ik* eoiilil not lon^r conlinne to iicl coriiially witli
anv lioflv of men. — Macailay's Kno., Cli. 2,
p.l'V'T.
Ililtl. POPULARITY, Ajuit. .hihn^ Cum,,!:
lie was rei'o^ni/.eil as the j^realest Holilier wliicli
Home hull proiliieeil, the army, tlie people, llalv,
the provinees all ailorin^ liis name. . . . No
fault coiiiil lie found wllli his administration.
His wars had paid their own (Xiieiiscs. Ileliad
douliled the pav of liis troops, iail Ids mililary
cliest was still full, and his own wealth seemed
lioundless. He was adornini; the Forum with
new and eoslly huildin^s. Senators, knij^hts,
yoiiiiir men of rank who had been extruva-
iraiil, had lieeii relieved liy his jfeiierosily, and
were his pensioners, (iaul inifj:ht have been im-
patient at its loss of liherly, hui no word of com-
plaint was heard a^ainsl, Ca'sar for oppressive
jfovernmenl. Tim more ^^eiiiiis he had .shown
the nunc formidahle he was. |,et him lie consul,
and he would lie the master of them all. —
l"'uoi DKs C.ksah, p. 41).
|:ti:t. POPULARITY, Lou of. Sir Henry Vane.
The former jjoveriior of .Massachusetts, tlu) betie-
laclor of Rhode Island, the ever faithfid friend
of New Kn^liitid, adhered with undaunted firm-
ness to the "glorious cause" of jiopular liberty,
and. shunned by every man who courted the re-
turning monarch [Charles II. ]. he became! noted
for the most catholic unpojiularily. lie fell from
the alfeclions of the English people, when the
Knglish people fell from the jealous care of their
liberties, lie had (!ver been incornipt iiiul dis-
interested, mercifid and liberal. — Banouokt's
U. S., vol. 2, eh. 11.
-i:il.|. POPULARITY LoBt. PrcmlnU John
Ad-diiiK. Not lo be once rtj-elecled was then con-
sidered a.s a di.sgruce. and Mr. Adams was. for
many years, regarded as a man who had been
tried in a high place and found wanting. His
grauilson mentions that his letters, during the
last year of his presidency, may be counted by
thousands ; while tlio.se of the next yearaverage<l
less than two a week ! Gradually, how(;ver, as
I)art^ l)a.ssioiis subsided, the real and great
merits of John Adams were once more recog-
nized, and his errors and foibles were first
forgiven, and then forgotten. — Cyclopedia of
Bioo., p. 179.
;f:ilA. POPULARITY, Meant of. TfinninUH-U*.
IThemiNioi'les, till' .\thi'iiliin general, Hoiighl pop-
ularity by|churginu IiIn memorv with the imniMH
of the clti/eiis, so ijiat he reaillh' called eucli by
his own i'l.i rAiti IIS TiikmisVim i.km.
■i:ilU. POPULARITY miiOudffad. ShntUrtd
('iihiiv'h. The lyiaiinii iiles, as the murilentfH of
Cll'sar (idled Iheinselves, had expected that the
Uoman inob would be cauglil by the cry of
liberly, and would hail them as the dellvenrHof
llieir coiinlry. They found that the people did
not respond as they had aiilii ipaled. The city
was stunned. The Fonini was empty. Th«
gladialorH, whom tiny had secreted in the Tein-
lie, broke out and iiluiidered the unpriitected
looths. .\ dead anil ominous Nilence prevailed
e\erywllere. At length U few clli/.elis collected
in knots. lirulus spoke, anil' ( 'assius spoke.
Tiny extolled their old conslilutioii. They stkld
that ( H'sar had overthrown it; that they had
slain him, not from private hatred or private
interest, but to restore the llbertiesof Home. The
audience was dead and cold. — KiioI'Dk'hCkhau,
eh. 27.
'i:iir. POPULARITY neoeiiary. Iknrn I. An
usurper must .secure his power by acts of popu-
larity. Henry, .soon after his accesHion to the
Ihroiie, uranted a charier, extremely favoriiblo
to the liberties of the people, and which has
been jusily regarded as the groundwork of tht;
claim of privileges made by the Knglish barons
in IIk; reign of King .lohn, which he contlrmed
by Magna Charla. ThcMe privileges, it is even
contended by tl /ealous advocates for the rights
of the people, ' of a much more ancient (uite.
"Henry 1.," Lord Lytteltim, "by this
charter restiir Sa.xoii laws which were in
use under Kdwaril the Confessor ;" but with such
alterations, or, as he styled them, emendations,
as had been made by his father, with the lulvieo
of his parliament ; at the same time annulling
all civil customs and illegal exactions, by which
the realm had been unjustly oppressed. — Tyt-
i.ku'h Hist., Hook «, ch. H, ji. 134.
4:1 IN. POPULARITY, Reaction of. Lafai/ett,:
He made one mori! attempt to save the king
[Louis XVI.] by inducing him to come to his
camp and tight for his throne. This project
being rejected, and the author of it denounced
by Kobespierre, liis bust publicly burned in
I'aris, and the medal fornusrly voted him broken
by the hand of the executioner, he deemed it
iieecs.sary to seek an asylum in a neutral country,
lliiviiig provided for the safety of his army, he
crossed the frontiers, in August, 1702, uccom-
jiaiiied by twenty-one persons, all of whom, on
l)assing an Austrian post, were taken prisoners,
and Lafayette was thrown into a dungeon. Ili.y
noble wife, who had been for fifteen months a
lirisoner in Paris, hastened, after her release, to
share her husband's captivity.
4319. POPULARITY iaorifloed. Lafayette.
From this moment dates the decline of Liifay-
ctte's popularity ; and his actions, moderate and
wise, continually les.sened it. lie demanded, as
a member of tlu; National Assembly, that persons
accused of treason should be fairly tried by a
jury, and he exerted all his power, while giving
a constitution to his country, to preserve the mon-
archy. I'o apjH'ase the suspicions of the jieoplo
that the king meditated ii night from Paris, ho
Pol'l I.AHITY -I'oI'lLATKiN,
ail
ili-< liirtMi Hint III' wiiiilil iiiiMwt'i- with lil*> IicimI for |
tlir kin^'N ri'iiiiiliitiiK Wliiti, lliiri'fttri', In .luiic,
l7tM. llu' kiiitf iinil iiiiiTii iiiailr ilii'lr IiIiiiiiIitIiik
lllli'lll|il III I'M'Upi', l.iil'iiV'rIli' wits illllliriliHicly
NiiH|M'< It'll of liuvlii); NiTi'i'lly iililril il. Duiilon
iricil iiiit III till' .liiniliin rlllli : " W'r iiiiimI
liiivi' ilii' iiiTMiiii <>)' liii' kiii^ or tlio lii'iul of llir
riiiiilllilllllln^ ^I'tli'l'ili I ' — ('YCl.lirKlllA UK liliKI.,
p. -ix-i.
i:i*JO. POPULARITY by Blmpllnity. (%irl,M
II III' rimr rally, iiliil irrlirniJIy piiMMcd llirrr nl'
I'liiir liiMil'x H liny In Ilir ii|irn iiir. Ilr iniKliI lir
M'i'i., Iii'furi' llii' ilrw wiiH iitT till' jfniNM in Si.
tliiinrH' i'lirk, Nlrliliii^ iiiiidiik IIk' IriTs, pliiyini;
Willi liJN NpiinlrlH, iinil llinirin^' rurii In liisilnckM ;
ami llii'Ni' I'xiillilllnns rtiilriirril lilni III llir riiin-
iimn |M'iipli', wliiiiilways jiivc III sic tlir ^rnit iiii
liiml. — ('vci.orKKi \ ill' Hiiiii., p. !I1(H.
-inil I. POPULARITY lought. Cimon. To raUi'
liliiiM'lf liiHiiiiir Niiri III I'ljiiiiiiiy willi ( 'iiniin, wlin
WU^ llll'll III tilt' llt'ijilil nl jrlniy, I'lliflfS llllltit' Ills
cdiirl III till' pi'titilt'. Anil IIS Ciiniin was lii.s sii-
]M'riiir III point III t'nrliini', wliiili lir iniplnyi'tl in
rt'liivln)f llin poor AilirniiiiiH, in prnx iiliiij^' vii ■
liialk cviTy iliiy fur llic ni'ti'H.siiniis, anil rlniliin|r
liif ii^'i'tl, ami lii'Miili' tliis Irvi'lli'il liis fi'iiri-N willi
till' Lrnniml, thai all iiii!.''lil In at lilirrty loi;iitlirr
his fniil, I'l'i'irlrs hail n rniirsi' tn Ihi'" rxpi'ilirni,
of lilviillii^ the piii)lii' III nsnii', — I'l.i r.Mirii'rt
I'kkiii.kh.
im'i. POPULARITY, Strange. DorH CnH-
itt. Sniiutllicn tri\i' liilknl, oirirrH JiaM' writ It'll,
ollifi's liiivi- foil: llifinsflvt'H iniii ( 'i)nj;rt'ss ; hut
Diivlil Crockiii ^/wMiinisi'lf Ihithir. ll was his
wniiili'rfiil skill as a inarksniaii ami his darin;;
IIS a iH'iir hiiiili'i' wliirli niaili' him so popular in
his liistrict, thai whi'ii lir rhnsi' tn run fnr olllii'
lif iiKually ilistami'il all riim|ii'tiliii's. lit' coultl
shoot a huiiiiiiln^' liiril mi ihi' wiii^; w illi a sin^Mi^
liiill. Hcati'it upon thf mar|;in of ii rivi'r, lit' woiiltl
aim at ii tlsh, and iishooii as tlu'crark of hisrilU'
was lii'iirtl, oiKMif till' litlli' inniati'sof Ihi' sfri'iiin
•iiir^'linKoi
lialli'rril o
these: " Shr's a mitfhty rou)j:h old pirrr, liiil I
love her ; for slii' and I Imvi- si-i'ii hard times. She
mifrhty seldom tells me a lie. If I hold her rij,dit,
she alwiiys sends the hall where I tell her." — Cv-
CI.III'KIIIA OK BlOd., ji. 0(t'»>.
43a3. POPULARITY, Tide of. Dtik; of Mon-
inoiith. \\\v was the illejjitimate son of C'harles
The interest which the poiiulaee took in him
would he seen si ruir;;li 11^011 the surface, lie used
to s|H'iik of his liallered old rille in words like
II.
whom they regarded as the champion of the true
leliflioii, and the riirhlfiil heir of the British
throne, was kept up liv every artitice. When
Monmouth arrived in London at midnight, the
watehmeii were ordered liy the magistrate.s to
]iriielaim the joyful (;veiit through the streets of
the city ; the people left their lieds ; bonfires were
li,irhted ; the windows were illuminated ; the
chiirehes were opened, and a merry peal rase
from all the steeples. When he travelled, he was
everywhere received with not less pomj), and
with far more enthusiasm, than had been dis-
{ilaycd when kings had made progresses through
the realm. He was escorted from mansion to
mansion by long cavalcades of armed gentlemen
and yeomen. Cities poured forth their whole
population to receive liirv Electors thronged
round hin.. to assure him that their votes were
.11 his disposal.— Cyci-opedia of Bioo., p. 235.
|:|'il. POPULARITY, Vanity of. ('n>m,rrli».
'I'lie |Miiiip and eiilhiiMiasin w liicli greeted liliii oil
Ills reliirn from the doiihle eompieHt of Inliinil
and Scollaiid dit/./led not his conslaiicv. " Voii
see that 1 lowil, yoii hear those nIioiiIn, ' he wIiIh-
|H'reil in the ear of 11 friend who alteiided in llio
procession ; " both would Ih'hiHI greater If I wero
on my wayt > the gullowM." A light from abovu
linpresMeil on 'li' clear Judgment the emptlneH't
of worldlv popiiliirlly. -J/AMAiniNKM ('U11.M-
WKi.i., p. ri.'i,
•i:iilA. POPULARITY, A vioioui. Srvon. Ho
was popular because he presented to the degraded
populace Ihclr own iniai;i' and Himlliliide. Tliii
i'roglike unclean spirits which proceeded, as it
Were, nut of his mouth were poleiil with tliesi)
dwellers In an aliiioMphere of iicstHence. 'I'hey
had lost all love for freedom and noblinesH ; they
cared only for doles and excitement. Kveii when
the infamies of a I'clronius had been superseded
by the murderous orgies of 'rigclllniis, Nero wiw
still cMiywhcre welcomed wl'h shouts as a god
on earth, and saluted on coins as Apollo, as Her-
cules, as '• TiiK S \\ iiiru ok tiik Woiii.n." The
loets Htlll assured him thai there was no delly in
leaven who would not think il an honor lo con-
cede to him his iirerogative ; lliiil if he did not
place himself well in the centre of Olympus, the
eiiullibrium of the lini\erse wnlllil be destroyed.
\ ictinis were slain along his path, and altars
raised for him — for Ibis w retch, whom an honest
slave could not but despise and loathe — as though
he was too great for mere human honors. Nay,
more, he found adorers and Iniilators of his ex-
ecrable example — an Otho, a Vili'HIns, a Doini-
tiaii, a ('oinmodiis, a Caracalla, an Heliogiibalus
- Ill jioi.son till! air of the world. The lusts uud
hungers of the world lanuaited him, and elierish-
ed his memory, and longed for his return. — Fau-
UAKH Kaiii.v Days, ch. 5, p. 41.
<l3il6. POPULATION, Changes of. romUinti-
iit>j)lf. [Why Conslanline formed) his design of
altering the seat of empire, il is not easy to dc-
lermine. He tlxed his eyes, however, on Byziin-
tiiiin, to which he gave the name of Constantino-
ple. He erected there the most sujierb structures,
and in order to people his new city, he made a
law by w liicli no Asiatic should have the right
of disposing of his estate by testameni, unless he
pos,sesse(l a dwelling-liouse in ('onstantinoiile.
Tho.se, again, w ho resided there were gratiHeu by
a variety of alluring privileges ; and by means of
llie.se he drew the poorer inhabitants from Home,
while the richer voliinlarily followed the jirince
and his court. The grandees brought with them
their slaves, and Home in a few years became al-
most depopulated. Italy was also greatly exhaust-
ed of her inhabitants, and Con.stantinople swelled
at once to the most overgrown dimensions. When
the empire was thus divided, all riches naturally
eentreil in the new capital.— Tytlku's Hist.,
Book ■'), ch. 2, p. rilO.
4337. POPULATION, Extension of. We^ticanf.
[In l.S4()] the population had reached the aggre-
gate of seventeen million souls, being an increase
since 183()of oversix millions. It was found from
the tables that eleven twelfths of the people lived
outside of the larger cities and towns, showing
the strong preponderance of the agricultural over
the manufacturing and commercial interest. One
of the most interesting lessons of the census w as
ol-i
I'OI'L LATIOX— POVKUTV.
found ill llic fuel tliiil llic wnndcrfiil ^^rowtli of
tlic L'nile'ti Stuti'swas 'me.ii<iit <intl dira, and not
in <i(riiiinil(iti"n; iri ilu'«/>/y<>f/of civili/.iition mill-
er lliaii ill inh'iiMtji. For .since 1880 IIk" iivera>;e
population of the country liad not increased l)y
so much \\n out' pcrxDii to thi' nqiiare niik. — Hio-
I'atii'h r. S., ch. "»."), ]). 410.
43itM. . VniU'd StiitiH. The centre
.)f " repre.senliitive population " has continually
tended westward. In 171(0 it was twenty-two
niiiesfVMN)f Washinij^ton ; it has never been east
of the national metropolis since, and iievr can
Ix-asrain. At the census of IMOO it had lieeii Irans-
ferri'd thirty miles west of \Vashin.u:ton ; in IH'^0
it was .seveiitv-oiK! miles Wi'st of that city ; in
ISHO oiu! hundred and eiirlit miles. Its westward
movement from 1880 to 1840 was no less tlian
tifty two miles — monUhan five milesayear. Diir-
inj,r about tifty years it lias ke))! nearlj the .same
l>arallel of latitude, havinir deviated only about
ten miles southward, while it has advanced
about two hundred miles westward. — Stkvkns'
y\. E. Citrucir, vol. 1, p. 2').
'W19. PORTRAIT prohibited. Qmrn K'ho-
b( til's. A curious proof of how desirous Elizabeth
was of the prais(; of beauty exists in a jiroclama-
lion issued by hor in I'Mi;?, in the thirty-third
year of her ai^e, and lifth of iicr rei;.rn,' which
.sets forth, tliat, from the ^reat desirt! which all
ranl<s of people liavt; shown to Inne jmrtraits of
her Majesty, there have been a .irreat inimb.'r of
pictures made " which do notsutbciently cxjiress
the natural rei>resentation of her .Majesty's ])er-
.son, favor, or grace, liut for the mosi ])art have
erred therein ; — And for that her .Vlajesty per-
ceiveth that a great number of her loving sub-
jects are much grieved, and talvc great oifciice
with the errors and deformities already commit-
ted by sundry persons in this behalf ; — Therefore
she straitly charges all manner of persons to for-
bear from painting, graving, i>rinting, or making
any portrait of her Majesty, or from showing or
publishing such as are apjiarently deformed,
until some perfect pattern or example shall be
made by some coming person, which shall beap-
jtroved by her." — Xotk in Tytlkk's Hist.,
Book 6, ch. 28, p. 3!»2.
'l»:iO. POSITION, Value of. Buttle of Issits.
Darius was impatient to check the presumption
of Alexander, and, advancing to meet him, rash-
ly entered the passes between the mountains of
(Mlicia, near the town of Issus, u situation where,
from the nature of the ground, the greatest jiart
of his army, if then attacked, could not possibly <
be brought to act with elTect against the enemy.
Alexander, though then weakened bj^ di.sease
(the C()iise((uence of a fever caught 1)\' imiiru-
dently bathing, when overheated, in the river
Cydnus), no sooner received intelligence of the
critical situation of the I'ersians in the defiles of
a mountainous eountrv than he hastened with
the utmost ardor to attack them.
Histori-
ans have lavished all the powers of description
in painting t':-; splendor, riches, and magnili-
cence of the military equipr>ge of this immense
host. That body of the Persians named the Im-
mortals consisted of 10,000 cho.sen troops, who
were clothed in robes of gold embroidery,
adorned with precious stones, and wore about
their necks massy collars of jxire gold. The
vhariot of Darius was .supported by statues of
gold ; and the beams, axle, and wheels were
studded with ])recious stones. Ten thou.sand
horsuiuui followed the chariot with lunces plated
with silver. The mother and the wifoof Durins
had their separate chariots, atten<led by u nu-
merous train of females on horseback ; and the
pageant was closed by a vast retinue of the
wives of the Persian nobles iiid their children,
guarded by some comi)anies of foot lightly
armed. Darius, caught thus at unawares, in the
mountains of Cilicia, with this immense but
most inetticieiit force, was taught, in the battle
of Issus, how little contldence is to be placed in
numbers, when matched against a few exi)eri-
eiiced and well-disciplined lrooj)s. The Persians
were defi'ated with immense slaughter, their loss
amounting, as i.v^ said, to 110,t)00men, while that
of the Macedonians, according to Diodorus and
C^uintiis Curtius, was no more than 400. — Tyt-
lkk's Hist., Hook 2, ch. 4, p. 188.
-1.13 1 . POSSESSION, Right of. Micmac In (U.uih.
[Edward ( 'orn wall is, CJovernor of English colony
at Halifax, demanded an oath of allegiance, anil
threatened confi.scation of their lands if tl:"v re-
fused.] " The land on which you sleep is mine,"
such was the message of the imi)laciible tiibe ;
" I sprung out of it as the gra.ss does; 1 was
born on it from sire to son ; it is mine forever."
So the council that met at Halifa.x voied all the
poor red men to be "so many banditti, rutlians
or rebels." — Uancuokt's U. S., vol. 4, cii. 2.
i:i«a. POST-OFFICE opposed. Reiun of
(!li(trl<'» If. An enterprising citizen of London,
William Dockwray, s-t ui), at grcjat expense, a
]>eniiy j)ost, w deh delivered letters and psircels
six or eight times a day in the bu.sy and crowded
streets near the Exchange, and four times a day
in the outskirts of the capital. This improve-
nieiit was, as usual, strenuously resisted. Th(!
jtorters complained that their interests were at-
tacked, and tore down the placards in which the
scheme was announced to the public. Tlu' e.x-
citeinent caused by Godfrey's death, and by the
discovery of Colemans' jiapers, was then at the
height. A cry was therefore raised that the
penny post was a popi.sh contrivance. The great
Doctor Oates, it was afflrmed, had hinted a sus-
picion that the Jesuits were at the bottom of the
scheme, and that tlu^ bags, if examined, would be
found full of treason. The utilitv of the enter-
])ri.se was, however, so great aiul obvious that
all opjiosition ])r()ved fruitless. — Macai'lay's
Eno., ch. 8, p. 860.
'1333. POSTERITY denied. Mahomet. In tlu;
largest indulgence of polganiy, the founder of
a religion and empire might aspire to multipiy
the chances of i< numerous posterity and a lineal
succession. The hopes of Mahomet were fatally
disappointed. The virgin Aye.sha and his ten wi(i-
ows of mature age and approved fertility wen;
[unproductive of any son]. — Gibbon's 'Ho.mk,
ch. oO, p. l.^il.
4334. POVERTY a Blessing. Minhterud.
"When Bishop George was a young itinerant on
his first circuit, the discouragements were so
great and .so numerous that he concluded to
abandon the work and return home, but was de-
tained for want of the money to jiay liis travelling
expen.ses. He attempted to g(;t it by teaching
school, but was defeated. He was led to further
reflection, and saw the snare into which he had
I'oviiin'v.
513
wt'll iiijjli fallen, and aliliorrcd llic idea of re-
1iii(|iiis|iii);; liis noHt (lislionorahly. — Stkvkns'
lIlHToltY OK M. E. Cmiu'H.
.|;j:W. POVERTY, BlesBings of. lUaiW Paxml.
Poverty and sickness he re^ii'ded as anion;? the
ehiet' of lilesslnirs. lie almost went as far as llie
modern Kiviieii philosopher, I'roudhon, who
said, " l*ropert;y Is rolil)er_\ ." " No Christian, "
Iw nsed to s.iy, " lia.s a ri^ht to use any more of
Ills ijroiierly than is sti'i<'tly neees.sary for Ids
mainl<'naiiee and the ni;dnteii:;Mee of those ile-
jieiident npon him ;" all the rest. In thonuhl, /»-
liinijiil to the poor and needy, and eoidd not he
withheld from themwitliout injustice, lie acted
npon \\\\y principle most scrn[)ulonsly. With re-
yard to sickness, he considered it a siujnal fa\'or
of Heaven. " I'ity ine not, "said he, when some
one ex pressed sympathy for hissnircriiiijs — "pity
me not, for sickness is the natural state of Chris-
tians ; Ix'can.sL", wlieii a man is sick, he is just as
he (iiiLjlit to healway.s — sidTerini; p;iin, cndnrini!;
the privation of all the ^^ood and all the ])leastn'es
of s(;nsc, e.xenvpt from fl'e evil passions which
work within him all his life, without ambition,
free from avarice, and in the contimial expecta-
tion of death." — CY(i,()fi;i)i.v oi' Hiod., p. 104.
.|3:j«. POVERTY, Crime of. Tn /.<nr. Under the
law of Henry VHI. destitution was treated as a
crime, and wandering poverty was to he slocked
atid sconri^ed out of existence. [For a lonj? time
their own ])arish was the boundary within wliich
the poor ndiiht endeavor to obtain a livelihood ;
beyond tliat ciicle they could not pass. In those
]iarislies where there was the most capital and
coiiseciuently the most labor,] there the poor jieo-
ple would endeavor to settle themselves. A n;itn-
ral strn^i^le took place between those who wanted
to come in and the authorities who were resolved
to keep them out. A dread that under-tenants
miirht become clnirgeable h-d to a domestic in-
<|uisiiion of a very tyrannous initure. At Leices-
ter they were searched for every month. At
IJriLditon no incomer was to l)e allowed until the
<'onsi;d>lc and church-wardens had ascertained
that he was unlikely to become bnidensoine to
the town. A new tailor comes to Lymie, lu; re-
<'eives a peremptory notice of a day on wliich he
if. to de])art. Tin; jury in that place even pre-
sent a man who " liarboreth his wife's sister." —
K.NKiuT's KN(i., vol. 8, ch. IH, p. 269.
4337. POVERTY, Devices in. Oliirr GoUJ-
»)iiitli. [Il(! set up as a doctor in the suburbs of
London.) His coat was a second-hand one, of
rusty velvet, with a patch on \\w left breast,
wjiich lie adroitly covered with his three-cor-
nered hat durinir his medical visits ; and we have
an amusing anecdote of his contest of courtesy
with a patient who persisteil in endeavoring to
relieve him from llic hat, which only made him
press it more devoutly to his heart. — IiiviN(;'s
Goi.MSMiTii, ch. C, ]i. .')(!.
'i:{:tK. POVERTY vs. Extravagance. Reign of
CIiiivUh If. [In Ititid] there were large numbers
of the humble retainers of the royal household
Avho, when liady Castlemain [mistress of the
protligate king] ordered of her tradesman every
jewel !Uid service of plate that she fancied, and
lold her .servant to send a note of their cost to
the privy jnirse, were themselves al).solut(!ly
stiirving. . . . One of the king's musicians,
Zivaus, the famous man upon the liurp, having
not his e(pial in the woild. died for mere want,
and was buried by the alms of the parish. —
K.Mdirr's E.N(i., vol. 4, ch. 17, \^ 'JOU.
4JI!lf». POVERTY, Genius in. Ixikic Neirtmi.
Il is inleri'sting to know that, during the ten
ye.iis when lie maile his grealesi discoveries, he
was .so poor tiiat the two shillings a week which
he paid as a member of th' ]{oyal So( lety was a
serious burden to him. imd some of his friends
wished to gel him excused fro'" the payinenl.
I5ul this he would nol permit. — i'.MiroN's Nkw
Ton, p. S(J.
-•:M0. POVERTY, Happiness with. C„n,'n,l
(liiiiit. I When a poor man at St. lionis he sold
wood to Hon. H. T. Hlow. At a grand rece[)-
tion at Washington he met his old acipiaintance>.
He said to Mrs. Hlow:] " Do you recollect when
I used to supjily your husband with wood, and
pile il myself, and measure it, too . . . '!" " Oh
yes, (jrcneral, yoiu" lact^ was familiar in those
days." " Mrs. IJlow, those were hajipy days ;
for I was doing Ihe best I could to sujiport my
family." — Hi;.vi)i,i;v"s (.knkuai. Ou.vnt, p. 4:}.
-1311. POVERTY, Honorable. Adiiiinil IVukr.
See No. 2i;5t,l Tlu! I'roleclor sent to him, after
lis last vi( y, a jewelled ring of the Vidue of
t.")()(), and great w<)uld have been the accliinialion
greeting liini on his return to his naliv(r land. Hut
it was not decreed that he should stand upon her
shores again. He returned homeward, and cov-
eted a sight of old England's shoresoncc! more,
and once more he beheld them — and that was all.
He expired as his licet was entering Plymouth
Sound, onthe27lhof August, Ki.")?. A true mod-
el of . Hritish sailor — he died ])oor. After iill
his triumiihs and o])]»irtuiiilies of accumulating
wealth, he was not worth t'.'ittO ! A magnificent
])ublic funeral, and a resting-placc! in Henry
Vni.'s chapel, was decreed for him ; and there
were few in the country who did not feel that
his strength had been a mighty bulwark to the
land. — lioon's Ciio.MWKi.L, ch. 17, p. 20t).
'1342. POVERTY inherited. Oliirv GoUlitmith.
Oliver Goldsmith \,as born on the lOth of No-
vember, 1728, at lh(! hamlet of Pailas, or Pallas-
more, County of Longford, in Ireland. He
sjirang from a respectable but by no means ii
thrifty stock. Some families seem to inhesrit
kindliness' and inconipotency, luid to hand down
virtue ai.>l poverty from generation to genera-
tion. Such \vas the case with the Goldsmiths.
" They were always," according to their own ac-
counts, "a strange family; they rarely acted
like other peojile ; their hearts were in the right
jilace, but their heads .seemed to be doing any-
thing but what they ought." " They \vere re
markable," says another statement, "for their
worth, but of no cleverness in tli. ways of the
world." Oliver Gold-smith will be louiid faith-
fully to inherit the virtues and weaknesses of his
race. — Iuvino's Goldsmith, ch. 1, p. 12.
4343. POVERTY of Inventors. ChurlcH Good-
yciir'x. [The inventor of vidcani/.ed rubber.] lb;
was denounced as a man who neglected his fami-
ly to ])ursue a ridiculous idea, wliich could never
be of the slightest u.se to any one. In New York,
at length, he found a man who had faith enough
in his di.seovery to ent(^r into jiartnersliip with
him for bringing the new material before the
liublic. From that lime his children, indeed.
514
POVKHTV.
! '1 ■
luid cnoii;;!! tfU'iil ; 1ml it was three or four years
more before his i)aleiit beijan to hriiij? him in any
ronsideriible return. — Cvci-orKUiA ok Hioo',
p. 31 ».
Kliiix Howe. [He invent-
tlie eye in the middle, also
" iJefore liis wife left
Inijjiis, " lie had fre(iuent
4344. .
ed the needle havinij
lh(! sewing; inaelii'
F.ondou," testifi( »li
!y borrowed nioiu y from me in sums of tT), and
rei|uested me to ijel him credit for provisions.
On the eveninu; of .Mrs, Howe's departure. !he
uijxht was very wet and slormv, and, her healtli
being delicate, she was unable to walk to the
ship, lie had no money to pay the cab-hire,
and lie borrowed a few shillings from me to pay
il, which h(! repaid by ph^dging stmu; of his
clot hing. Some linen came home from his wash-
eiwoman for his wife and children on the day
of her ('eparture. She could not take it with
her on account of not having money to pay the
woman." After thedejiartureof his family, the
solitary inventor was still more .severely ])inched.
" He has borrowed a shilling from f •," says
Mr. Inglis, " for the purpose of ))uying beans,
wliich I saw him cook ardeat in his own room."
After three or four months of labor the machine
w,is finished. It was worth toO. The (mly cus-
tomer he could find for it was a workingman of
his ac(iuaintance, who ofTered 41.") for it, if Ik;
could have time to pay it in. Tlu; inventor was
obliiicd to accept thisofTer. The imrchasergave
his note for the i.'5, which Charles Inglis .succeed-
ed in selling to another mechanic for £4. To jiay
his debts and his e.xpen.ses home, Air. Howe
jiawned his precious first machiiie and his let-
ters-paient. — ("vci.oi'ioni.v ok Hioo., p. ()8H.
|:M5. POVEETY, Land. Ciital StaMi. When
the administration of Washington was organized
in ITHi), the government which he rej)resente(l
did not command a single dollar of revemie.
Tiiey inherited a mountain of del)t from the Hev-
iiiutionary strugiile ; they hail no credit, and the
(inly representative of value which they controll-
ed was the vast body of public land in the Xortli-
west Territory ; . . . but this called for e.\i)endi-
ture in the extensive surveys, which were a pre-
re(inisit(! to sale and .settlement. . . . The gov-
ernment . . . \\i\H 1(1 iiif poor. — IJi,. vine's Twen-
ty Yeahs, ch. 5), p. 182.
4.140. POVERTY, Ministerial. Litf/in: In
the last will and testament of Martin Luther (»•-
curs the following remarkable jiassage : " liord
God, I thank Thee that Thou hast been pleased
To make me a poor and indigent man upon earth.
I have neither house, nor land, nor monev, to
leave behind me. Thou hast given me wife and
childrcni, whom I now restore to Thee. Lord,
nourish, teach, and preserve them, as Thou hast
me."
. Bishop Anbury. [He was a min-
ister unsurpassed in labors and u.scfulne.ss. He
received] an allowance of only $64 a year. His
horses and carriages were given him by his
friends ; all donations of money received by him
he transferred to his fellow-laborera [who were in
greater need. And] at one of the Western Con-
ferences, affected bj' the painful evidences of
want, he parted with his watch, his coat, and his
shirts for them.— Stevenh' M. E. Chukcii,
vol. 2, p. 009.
UllT. POVERTY overestimated. f>iiiiiii(IJohn.
son. Miss .\(lanis . . . happcni>d to tell nini
that a little cotTee-pot, in which she had m.id<!
him coffee, was the only thing she cotdd call ber
own. He turned to her with a complacent gal-
lantry: " Hon'tsayso, my dear; I hope you don't
re( konmy lieart as nothing." — ni)swEi,i,'s John-
son, p. 522.
! 434S. POVERTY and Politics, liotnans. The
j war re(|uired new levies, and the senate ordcicd
I that the plebeians should enroll and arm in dc-
I fence of the conunon liberties. The.se peremp-
torily refti.sed the summons, declaring that they
k\w\\ no liberties to defend, since a foreign yoke
coidd not be more intolerable than the iiondatre
I they e.vperienced at home. The senate wa-- ;is-
send)le(l, and the matter solenudy deliberalrd.
Some of the higher order generously gave their
opinitm for an entire remission of the debt.s of
the poorer class of peojtle ; others oi)iiosed llic
l)roposal, as .sanctioning a violation of faith, mid
a criminal breach of legal obligation. Appius
Claudius, a violent and immd patrician, m;iin
tained that the jn'ople suffered nothing more i ban
, their deserts, and that if not kept in jMJverty they
would be forever factious and unruly. Amid
these contending opinions, the senate was at a
I loss what decision to pronounce. An alarm
spread of the api)roach of the enemy to attack
: the city, and this report gave fresh spirit to the
i l)opula<;e. Thev persisted in their refusal to en-
I ter the rolls, and declared that if their grievances
j were not immediately rf^lressed, they woulil (piit
j the city. — Tvti-ek'sHist., liook3,"ch. 8, p. ;512.
4349. POVERTY with Pride. Samuel Joh iisou .
Mr. Rateman's lectures were so excellent that
[young] Johnson u.sed to come and get them at
second-hand frcmi Taylor, till his poverty being
.so extreme that his shoes were worn out, and his
: feet appeared through them, he saw that this
humiliating circum.stanee was perceived by the
Christ Church men, and he came no more. He
was too proud toacceptof money, and somebody
having .set a pair of new shoes at his door, lu;
threw them away with indignation. — IJoswef.i/s
.FoiINSON, ]). 15.
4350. PO'VERTY, Protected by. Ciil<(h>hMHK.
The native Caledonians preserved, in the north-
! crn (ixiremity of the island, their wild indepcn-
' deuce, for which they were not less indebted to
their poverty than to their valor. Their incur-
sions were; frcfpiently repelled and chastised :
but their country was never subdued. The mas-
I ters of the faii..-t and nu)st wealthy climates of
the globe turned with contempt from gloomy
hills, a.ssailed by the winter tempest, from lakes
! concealed in a blue mist, and from cold and lone-
ly heaths, over which the deerof the forest wen;
("ha.sed by a troop of naked barbarians. — (}i»-
liONs Rome, ch. 1, p. 6.
4351. POVERTY, Punishment of. (irrot liril-
din. In the days when protection of properly
was avowed to "be the end of governmeut, the
gallows was set up as the penaltv of a petty
theft ; and each year in Great Britain, at least
four thou-sand unhappy men were immured in
jirison for the misfortune of |>overty. A small
debt exi)o.sed to a perpetuity of impri.sonmenl ;
one indiscreet contract doomed the miserabh;
dupe to life-long coufiuement.— Bakcuokt's
U. S., vol. 3, ch. 24.
SBBBB
POVERTY— PO\Vi:i{.
;■> 1 ;
4Jt5a. POVEETY ridiculed. Srof^. Wikkks :
" Pray, Ho.swcll, how imicli iniiv l>o j^ot in ti
yciir by iin Advocuft' at the Scotcli bur ?" Hos-
WKi,i, : "I believe £2(m)." \Vii,kk«: "How
eiin it l)e possible to spend tliiil money in Seot-
liind V" Johnson : " Wliy, sir, tiie money may
lie HjHint in Eiifrliind ; but there is ii liarder (pies-
lion. Ff one man in Scotland ijets possession of
.i;2()00, wiiiit remains for ail tiie rest of llie na-
tion V" Wii.KKS: •■ Yon know, in the last war,
the immense booty which Tliurot carried ofT by
the complete i)lunder of seven Scotch isles ; he
re-embarked with t/inr mitl m'.rjiciKr." Here,
ai^iiin, Jolinsonand Wilkes joined ine\trava,i;ant,
sportive nullcry upon llie supposed poverty of
Scothuid. [Boswell was a Scotchman.] — Hos-
wKi.i/s Johnson, p. 4()1.
4353. POVEETY, Eojral. (hrmaii Enijuror
ChdrliK IV. The gold of Italy secured the elec
tion of the son ; but such was'lhe shamefid pov-
erty of the Roman emperor, that Ins person was
arrested by a butcher in llie streets of AYorms,
and was detained in the public inn, as a pledgt;
or Jtostage for the i)ayment of liis expenses. —
GiniJONs Ro.MK, cli. 49, p. 71.
4£5'l. . Baldicin, IT. In the palace,
or prison, of (Constantinople, the successor of
Augustus demolished the vacant houses for
winter fuel, and .stripped the lead from the
churches for the daily expen.ses of his family.
Some usurious loans were dealt with a scanty
hand by the merchants of Italy ; and Philip, his
son and lieir, was pawned at Venice as tlie secu-
rity for a debt. Thirst, hunger, and nakedness
are positive evils ; but wealth is relative ; and a
jirince who would be rich in a private station
may be exposed by the increase of his wants \o
all the anxiety and bitterness of jioverty. — Giu-
iJON'8 Ro.MK, oh. 61, p. 121.
4355. POVEETY, School of. ])r. i^dmndJohn-
.«'>//. Johnson was a jioor man's son, and had
himself ta.sted the biiler cup of extreme indi-
gence. . . . lie had | iced the streets of London
all night long, from not having where to lay his
head ; he had escaped prison iora tritleheowed
l)y begging an alms of Richardson . . . and even
kn<'W what it was from sheer want to go without
a dinner. AV'hen better days came, he loved the
jioor as few else loved them ; and he nur.se<l, in
ids iiou.se, whole ne.sts of the lame, the blind, the
sick and the .sorrowful. — B.vxckokt's U. S., vol.
7, oh. 24.
4356. POVEETY, Sorrows of. Woman's Lot.
I Among the Turks), each chief of a tent had the
absolute right of life and death over his family
and his slaves. A barbarous usage authorized
tli(> father and mother, when ])oor, to bury alive
their daughters at the mcmient of birth, to the
end of preventing either the wretched lot which
slavery reserves for woman, or the outrage and
liishonor wlii('li a daughter may one day bring
upon their name. — li.\.MAHTiNKs Tchkky, p. 47.
4357. POVEETY, Spirit with. SommiJohn-
Kcii. Johnson and Savage were sometimes in such
extreme indigence, that they could not pay for
a lodging ; .so that they have wandered together
whole nights in the streets. ... He told Sir
Joshua Reynolds, that one night in particular,
when Savage and he walked round St. James's
S(juare for want of a lodging, they were not at
nil depressed by their situation ; but, in high
spirits and brimful of patriotism, traversed the
.s(piare for several hours, inveighed against tlie
minister, and "resolved they would utmu/ li>/
tin ir roil ntry." — HosWKi.i.'s ./ohnhon, p. 41.
435». POVEETY a Tyrant. Suffolk- W',ik-
lilt II. [Henry VIII. altempt<'d to colle I a tax of
one third of every man's properly, which W!i»
granted by the Sulfolk clothiers who levied the
burden on the jioor workmen ; they became ri-
otous. The Duke of Norfolk, high treasurer of
England interviewed them.) He asked who was
their captain and bade that he should speak ;
then a well-age<l man of tifly years and above,
asked license of the duke to speak, which [wa.sj
granted with good will. " My Lord, . . . .since
Vou ask who is our ca|)tain, forsooth his name is
Poverty, for he and his cousin Necessity hatii
brought us to this doii>g." [The tax wa.s al>an-
doned.J — IvNKiirr's En(i., vol. 2, oh. 18, p. '.502.
4350. POVEETY unknown. In Athmx. [Dur-
ing the tinu! of Solon there were none whoaskcil
for alms in Athens.] " In tho.se days," says Isoc-
rates, " there was no citizen that died of want,
or begged in the streets, to the dishonor of the
community." This was owing to the laws
against idleness and pro<ligality, and the care
which the <iiro/iii(/un took that every man should
hav(! a visible livelihood. — Jj.\N(iii<>knk's Nihk,
Ph;tau('Ii'8 Soi.on.
4360. POVEETY and Vice. OnrfijU Po>ij., ,:■,.
[In the early i)art of the; eighteenth cent'iry)
one fifth of tlie whole poi)ulation were jtaupers.
Locke attributed the rapid inorea.se of tiie poor
rates "to the relaxation of di.soipline a.id tin;
corruption of manners." — Kmoht's KN(i.,
vol. 5, ch. 4, p. 60.
4361. POVEETY, Virtuous. Mi.nnu, t;.r Tml.
tail Chiif. .\.i). 16r)2. The West India C'oni-
l)any, dreadiii!^ an attack from New England,
liad instructed their governor, " to engage tlin
Indians in his cause." Hut the friendship of the
Narragansetts for the I'uritans could not be
shaken. " I am poor," said >Iixam, oik.' of
their sachems, " but no presents of goods, or of
guns, or of powder and shot shall draw me into
a conspiracy against my friends the English. " —
H.vnouokt's I'. S., vol. 2, ch. 1.").
4362. PO"WEE, Authority by. Chityle» IT.
[When Charles II. was deserted by his army and
left at the mercy of the Parliament, lie was
visited by a soldier named .loyce, who sum-
moned him to go to the army.] Joyce said he
was sent by the authority of the army. " Where
is your oommi.ssion V " said the king. "There,
behind me," pointing to the .soldiers. " Reliesc
me," replied Charles, "your instructions are
written in a very legible character." — Kmoiit's
Eno., vol. 4, oh. ,'>; p. 71.
4363. POWEE, Balance of. Origin. Charles
[VIII.] was now master of Najiles ; he entered
the city in triumph, took the titles of EmiHior
and Augustus, and after giving a few entertain-
ments to exhibit his magnitioence, and imposing
some enormous taxes to exemplify his authority,
this most impolitic prince returned to France five
months after he had left it, thinking his con-
quest suffloieiitly secured by leaving it to be de-
fended by three or four thou.sand men, while al-
most all Europe had entered into a oombinatioii
:l|
r.ii;
I'OW i:il— PUAISK.
i :i
to deprive liiiii of it. . . . Sueli Imd Ix'cii tlic!
sudden iind decisive elTect of tins i^reaf eoiifed-
cnicy Mi^innst Cliniies V'lll., Hint tiie jtriiiees of
Europe thence derivecl a most useful lesson, iiiul
from Hint jjciiod considen'd it us ii ff(!ii<'rivl liiw
of policy to l>e idwiivs united in ii tacit league to
prevent the exorhitant iiierease of the power of
any particular Stale or sovcreinii. Hobertson, in
his " History of Charles V'.," asserts that the idea
of the preservation of <i /xi/diKr nf puinr in Eu-
roi)e has its dal(! from this confederacy aijainst
Charles Vll!.; and "from this era," says he,
" we can trace tin; iiroirress of that inlercours((
between nations which has linked the jiowers of
Euroi)e so closely tou:ether, and can discern the
operations of that ]>rovident policy which, dur-
ing peace, guards against reniotennd contingent
dangers, and which in war lias ]>revcnle<l rapid
and destructive concpiests." — Tvti.kh'h Hist.,
H(.ok tt. ch. r.i, p. 2iri.
■i3«.|. . I(n;/„ ofC:„rhs If. The
King of Sjiain was a sickly child. It was likely
that he would die without i.ssue. His eldest sis-
ter was (Jueen of France. A day would almost
certainly come, and n\ightcom(! very soon, when
the iiouse of liourbon might lay claim to that va.si
empire on which the sun never .set. The union
of two great monarchies under one liead would
doubtless be oppo.sed by a Continental coalition;
but for any continental coalition France, single
lianded, was a match. England could tiu'ti \\w.
scale. . . . Nothing, therefore, could be more
gratifying to I.ouis [XIV^| than to loam that
[C'harles II. | the princes of the house of Stuart
iKicded his lielp, and wen; willing to purchase
that help by unboiuided subserviency. Ho de-
ternuned to profit l}y the opport\inity, and laid
down for himself a ])lan to which, without devi-
ation, he adhered, till the Uevolution of 1688 dis-
concerted all his polities.— Macaulay's Eno.,
ch. 2, p. 194.
4305. POWER, Boast of. P/mjM'i/. Pompey
was .so much elated, . . . and hi» confidence made
him so extremely negligent, tliat he laughed at
those who .seemed to fear the war. And when they
said that if Ciesar should advance in a hostile
manner to Rome they did not see what forces
they hud to oppose him. he bade them, with an
open and smiling countenance, give themselves
no pain. " For if in Italy," said he, " I do but
stamp upon the ground, an army will appear."
— Pi.uTAHcii's Pompey.
4366. POWER, Humbled. Itoman. Alaric,
. . . the king of the Goths, who no longer dis-
.s. iiibled his appetite for plunder and revenge,
appeiu-ed in arms under the walls of the capital ;
and the trembling Senate, without any hopes of
relief, jjrepared, by a desperate resistance, to de-
lay the ruin of their country. But they were un-
able to guard against the secret conspiracy r)f
their slaves and domestics, who, either from birth
or interest, were attaclu'd to the cause of the en-
emy. At the hour of midnight the Salarian
gate was silently opened, and the inlialiitants
were awakened by the tremendous sound of the
Gothic trumjiet. Eleven hundred and sixty-
three years after the foundation of Home, the
imi)erinl city, which had subdued and civili/ed
so considerable a jiart of mankind, was delivered
to the lici^nlious fury of the tribes of Germany
and Scythia. — (JiiiuoN's Komk, ch. iJl, p. 382.'
4367. POWER, Personal. .\<ii,„l,-on I. [When
the allied sovereigns were in congress at Vienna,
in lHir>, dividing the spoils resulting from the
overthrow of Honaparte, he escaped from hl.s ex-
ile at Elba. The news created constt-rnation.]
A proscribed exile, without money and without
arms, floating upon the waters of the Mediterra-
nean, simply by the magic of his nai.ie plimged
all the courts and all the armies of Europe into
con\motion. Twopowersat that moment e(pnd-
ly divided EurojM''. One |)ower was Napoleon
lionaparle, solitary and alone; the other pow(!r
was all the condiined monarchs and armies and
navies of (Muisiendom. — Annoir's Nai'oi.kon
H., vol. 2, ch. 'm.
4368. . Najmlron I. [See No.
4;5(!7. 1 Cliateaiibriand had pithily said: "If
the cocked hat and surtout of N'ai)oleon were
l>lace(l on a slick on the shores of Hrest, it
woidd cause Europe to run to arms, from one
end to the other." — Ahhott's Natomcon B. ,
vol. 2, ch. 2«.
4360. POWER, Threat of. Af/rippino. At
last tluMpiarrel between [yoimg] Nero and Ag-
rii)pinH [his mother] became so tierce that she
tiid not hesitati' to reveal to him all the crimes
which slu! had committed forliis .sake [including
nuu-der], and if she could not retain her sway
over his nnnd l)y gratitude, she terrified him
with threats that she who had rai.sed him to the
throne could hurl him from it. Britannicus was
the true heir ; Nero, but for her, would have ro
mained a mere Ahenobarbus [his former name].
She was the daughter of Germunicus ; she
would go in person to the prfPtorian camp, with
Britannicus by her side, and tlien let the maimed
Burrhus and the pedagogic Seneca sec whether
they could prevent her from restoring to the
throne of his fathers the injmed boy who had
been ousted by her intrigues on behalf of an
ado|)ted alien. " I made you emperor, I can un-
make you. Britannicus is the true emperor, not
you." — Fauiiak's Early Days, ch. 4, p. 23.
4370. PRAISE, Demoralized by, Cicero. Cicero
followed the counsel of Cato. lie set off in the
middle of the night, and embarked at Brnndi-
sium for Macedonia, t>n his way to Thessalonica,
where he had fixed the .scene of liis exile. Here
he betrayed in a lamentalile degree the weakness
of his mind. The letters which he wrote to At-
ticus. . . " resemble more the wailings of an in-
fant or the strains of a tragedy composed to draw
tears, than the language of a man sujiporting the
cau.se of integrity in the midst of unmerited trou-
ble." " I wisii I may see the day (he thus writes
to his friend) wiien I shall be disposed to thank
you for liaving prevented me from resorting to
a voluntarj' death ; for I now bitterly regret that
I yielded in that matter to your entreaty. What
species of misfortune have I not endured ? Did
ever any one fall from so high a state, in so good
a cau.se, with such abilities and knowledge, and
with such a share of the public esteem V Cut off
in such a career of glory, deiirived of my fortune,
torn from my children, debarred the sight of a
brother dearer to me than myself — but my tears
will not allow ineto proceed." . . . The historian
1 have just quoted truly says, " It appears from
this and many other sc'enes of the life of this re-
ni.'irkable man, that though he loved virtuous
actions, yet his virtue wiis accompiinietl with so
PllAISE-PRAYEH.
617
iiiiHuitalik' a tliirsi of llic pnii«(' to which it cii
titled liini, that liis niind was iiimhic; to sustain
ils(^lf witlioiit fliis t'oroi^rn assistaiuo ; iiiui when
tlic praisi; to wiiich lio asijircd for his coiiMuiatc
was (:liaii^<'d into ohlo(itiy and scorn, he seems
to have lost th(^ senstj of fi;ood or evil in ids own
conduct and cliaracter. " How dilTerenl tins
conduct from tlio sentiments lie liad expressed
lis )i pidiosoplier. — TYTI-Kit's Hist., Hooli 4,
ch. 1, 1). 408.
4371. PEAISE, Extravagant. Circro. Speeclies
of acitnowied^'ment lie had naturally to make
both to the Senale and the Assembly. In ad-
dressing the people he was moderat<'ly prudent ;
he glanced at the treachery of his friends, hut
Jie (lid not make too much of it. lie praLsed his
own good (pialities, hut not extravagantly. Ho
described Ponipey as " the wi.sest, best, and
jjreatest of all men that bad becai, were, or ever
would be." — Fhoudk'h C/Ksau, ch. 15.
4372. PKAISE, Offenaive. John Howard. [The
])hilanthri)pist and prisoiu.'rs' friend.] News
reached him that a number of his admirers were
preparing to erect a monument in his honor. It
i.s no exaggeration to say that ]w, was horror-
utrirhii, at the intelligence. He wrote immedi-
ately to England to say that if the design were
carried out lie should be ashamed to return to
his country. Nothing, he added, that his worst
{■nemy could devise, could be such a "punish-
ment" to him as the erection of the propo.sed
monument, and he wondered his friends should
not liavc known him better than to sanction
such a project. He dttdared that he claimed no
credit for anything he had done, but that in his
exertions on behalf of prisoners, he had been
merely "riding his hobby-horse." In conse-
(pienee of his urgent entreaties, the scheme was
giveu up. — Cyci,()1'edia of Bioo., p. 74.
4373. PRAISE, Servile. Nero. He gave a loose
rein to the meanest and most vicious passicMis.
lie i)rompt(!d the young nobility to exhibit them-
selves as actors upon the stage; ; he forced the
Roman kniglit.s to fight, lik(! gladiators, in the
arena ; and in these disgraceful amusements he
bore himself a principal part. Burrhus, the
captain of the ))ra'torian guards, a man of talents
and of virtue — although, at times, he had ap-
peared to show too much compliance with tli(!
will of his master— was not, in the opinion of
Nero, sufliciently ob.sequious, and was therefore
removed by poison. Upon liis death, Seneca,
who lost a powerful friend, retired from the
court. Nero had ho longer any around him but
the profligate and abandoned like himself. Pop-
jKca, a woman of great beauty but abandoned
morals, had been seduced from her husband by
Otho, who in his turn prostituted her to the em-
peror, to serv(! his own purpo.ses of ambition.
She soon gained such an ascendency over Nero,
that he was induced to divorce liis wife Octavia
to make way for her to the throne ; and .such
was, at this time, the infamous servility of the
Roman Senate, that a panegyric was pronounced
in praise of the emperor, and a deputation sent
to (congratulate him on this auspicious event. —
Tyti.er'h Hist., Book 5, ch. 1, p. 487.
4374. FBAISE, Undisoerning. Behnked. When
.\risfides gave in his accounts, Themistocles
raised a strong party against liim, accused him of
misapplying the public money, and . . . got him
condemned. But the jirincipal and most respect-
abU- of the citizens, incensed at this treatment of
Aristidcs, interposed and i)ievail(!d, not only
that he nught be excused the fine, but cliosen
again chief treasurer. He now pretended that
his former jirocecdings were too strict, and, cur-
rying a gentler hand over those that acted under
him, sulTered them to nilfer the pidilic money,
without .seeming to find them out, or reckoning
strictly with them ; so that, fattening on the
spoils of their countrj', they lavished their jiraiscs
on Aristides, and, heartily espousing \m cause,
begged of the people to continue him in the
same department. But when the Athenians were
going to confirm him by their suffrages, he gave
them this severe n^buke : " While I managed
your finances with all the fidelity of an honest
man, I was loaded with calumnies ; and now
when I sulTer them to be a prey to iiublic rob-
bers, I am become a mighty good citi/.eii ; but I
assure you, I am more ashamed of the iircscnt
honor than I was of the former disgrace ; and
it is with indignation and concern that I .see you
esteem it more nKiritoricus to oblige ill men
than to take proper care of the })ublic revenue."
By thus speaking and di-scovering their frauds,
he silenced those that rccommen(led him with .so
much noise and bustle, but at the same time re-
ceived the truest and most valuable praise from
the worthiest of the citizens. — Plutaiuii's Au-
ISTIDES.
4375. PRAYER, Brief. ])yln;i. The Prin-
cess Anne, daughter of Charles I., died when
she was very young. On her dying-bed she was
retpiested by one of her attendants to pray. She
said she was not able to .say her long prayer,
meaning the Lord's Prayer, but she wo\dd say
her short one, " Lighten mine eyes, () lionl,
that I sleep not the si(;cp of death." She had no
sooner pronounced these few words than her
gentU; spirit entered that bright and happy world
where prayer is exchanged for prai.se.
4376. PRAYER, Brief. A Bvin/ Mans. [Sir
Jacob Astley] before the charge at the battle of
Edgehill made a most excellent, pious, short,
and soldierly prayer : for he lifted up his eyes and
hands to Heaven, saying, " O Lord, Thou know-
est how bu.sy I nuist be this day ; if I forget Thee,
do not Thou forget me." A^nd with that rose,
crying, " March on, boys." — Knkiut's Enc;.,
vol. 4, ch. 1, p. 4.
4377. PRAYER at Death. H<nnu€l Johnwn,
previous to his receiving the Holy Sa( ramcnt iw
his apartment, composecl, and fervently uttered
this prayer: "Almighty and most merciful
Father, 1 am now, as to human eyes it seems,
about to commemorate, for the lasi time, the
death of Thy Son Jesus Christ, our Saviour and
Redeemer. Grant, O Lord, that nij- Mholeliope
and confidence may be in Ilis merits, and Thy
mercy ; enforce and accept my imperfect repent-
ance ; make this commemoration available to
the confirmation of my faith, the establishment
of my hope, and tlie enlargement of my charity ;
and make the death of Thy Son Jesus Christ
effectual to my redemption. Have mercy upon
me, and pardon the multitude of my offences.
Bless my friends, have mercy upon all men.
Support me, by Thy Holy Spirit, in the days of
weakness, and at the hour of death, and receive
f
.M8
PHAYKU.
if I
,\
! I
iiK' at my (Icutli, to cvcrliiMtinf? huppine.ss, for the
snkcof JesUH Christ. Aint'ii.
liirM. PBATEB before Fighting, (hneral
s/,i/)/H,ii. [During tlu' contiict of tlu; He volution,
. . Skippon, tlie general of tlie London tniined
liiiiiiis. culled them iibout him, and made tlie fol-
low in;; CaniouH oration J : Come, my lioys, my
hriivc hoys, h^i us pray heartily and tight heart!
ly. I will run the same fortunes and hazards
Willi you. Itememher Iheeau.seis for God, and
for defenite of yourselves, your wive.s, and ehil-
(Iren. Come, my honest, hravehovs, pray heart -
il^v and tight heartilv, and Ood will hh'ss us. — j
K.NK.irr's Kno., vol. 4, cli. 1, p. II. i
i;i7n. PBAYEE of Gratitude. Abraham Lin-
C'lhi. On the (hiy of the receijit of the capitula-
tion of Lee, . . . the ('al)inet meeting was held an
hour earlier that usual. Neither the J'resident
nor any mcmher. . . was able, for a time, to give
ulteranee to his feelings. At the suggestioii of
Air. Lincoln all dropped on their knees, and
otfered in silence and in tears their hund)leanil
hi'arlfell acknowledgments to the Almighty for
the triumph lie had granted to the National
<au';e. — JtAYMoNDs Lin(hh,n, j). 7:5.').
4:1^0. PRAYEa, HelpfuL Ahraham Lincoln.
Mr. INoai; Hrooks, oik- of Mr. Lincoln's mo.st in-
limalcard jx-rsonal friends, in . . . /farpcr'H .^faf/-
azini- gives tile following : . . . To the remark
thai he miudit remember that in all these cares,
he w;is daily remend)ered by those who prayed, ,
mot to be heard of men, as iio man had ever be- ;
f(»r(; been remembered . , . he . . . .sjiid ... I
ihaw' been told so, and I have been a good deal i
Jielitcd by just that thought. Then In- .solemnly
.and slowly added, " I should !)(■ the most pre- ;
sumptuous blockheatl upon this footstool if I |
tor one day thought I could discharge the duties
which have come upon me since I came into this ;
l)lacc without the aid and enlightenment of One j
who is stroii'^er and wiser than all others.". — i
Jfw.MoMj's Lincoln, p. 7;{2. !
-t.'l§i I. PBAYEB a necessity. .\fa/ionii'f. [After!
the tiiegcof Meccji], he was followe<l by the dep- !
ulics of T.'iyef, who dreaded the re])etition of a '
siege. " Grant us, () ai)0stle of God, a truce of ;
tht'ee years, with the toleration of our ancient |
■worship 1" '■ Not a month, not an hour." " Ex- }
cu^e us at least from the obligation of ])rayer."
•■ Without prayer religion is of no avail." They
subinitleil in silence ; their temi)les were demol-
ished, and till! same sentence of destruction was
executed on all the idols of Arabia.— GrnuoN's
lioMK, ch. 50, p. 140.
■i:tM2. PBAYEB, Befuge in. Witxhinoion. Mr.
Potts the Quaker . . . relates that -jue day while
the Americans we reencamiH'd at Valley Forge
jdiuini; the darkest days of t'.ie Uevolution] he
s(roll<^l up the creek, and when not far from his
(lam. heard a solemn voice He w.-dked quietly
in tile direction of it, and saw Washington's
horse tied to a sapling. In a thicket near by was
the beloved chief upon his knees in prayer, his
f;iccsull'usc(l with tears. Like Moses at the bush,
Isa.-ic felt that he was on holy gnmnd, and with-
drew unobserved. — Bknson .I.'Lossino's Note
IN C'lSTis' Wasiiinoton, vol. 1, ch. 6.
4!l§3. PBAYEB refused. Cromwell. The army
and the Parliament, instigated by the Puritans
and M publicans, determined on the king's trial.
Cnmiwell appeared to hesitate before the enormi-
ty of the outrage. From his |)laee in the House he
spoke more in the toni' of an in.spired enthusia.st
than a rational politician, and appeared to sur-
render his consent under the influence of a super-
natural imi)ression. " It any one," said he, with
an extravagant emotion which approached insan-
ity, " had voluntarily proposed to me tr) judg(?
and puidsh the king, I .should have looked upon
him as a i)rodigv of trea.son ; hut .since Provi-
dence and necessity have imposed this bunUiii on
us, I pray Heaven to bless your deliberations,
although I vni not prepared toadvi.se you in this
weighty matter. Shall I confess to you," added
he, in a tone and attitude of inwanl humiliation,
"that when, a .short lime since, I offered up a
prayer for the preservation of his Majesty, I felt
my tongue cleave to my i)alate V I took this ex-
traordinary .sensation us an unfavorable answer
from Heaven, rejecting my humble entreaty." —
La.mahtink's Ckomwki.i,, p. 4L
JSIIS'l. . James II. Some rigid Cal-
vinists [Covenanters] had from the doctrine of
reprobation drawn the conseijuence that to pray
forany person who had been predestined to p<'r-
dilion was an act of mutiny against tlie eternal
decrees of the Supreme Being. Three poor la-
boring men deeply imbued with this unaniiable
divinity were arrrested by an ottlcerin the neigh-
borhood of Glasgow. They were asked whetlier
they would pray for King James VIL They re-
fused to do 80 except under the condition that
he was one of the elect. A tile of musketeers was
drawn out. The prisoners knelt down ; they
were blindfolded ; and, within an hour after
they had been stopped, their blood was lapped
uji'bv the dog.s. — Macaiii^ay'h Eno., eh. 4,
p. 464.
4355. PBAYEB of Soldiers. CronuceU's. [Dur-
ing the revolution which preceded the (^onunon-
wealth, Cromwell called a meeting of the ofH-
cers of the army at Windsor Castle.] These
zealous men spent one whole day in prayer.
They were exhorted by Cromwell to a thorough
consideration of their actions as an army, and of
their private ways as Christians. . . . They, with
bitter weeping, took sense and shame of their
ini(juilies. They came to a clear agreement that
it was their duty to go forth and liglit the ene-
mies that had appeare<l against them. — Knight's
Eno., vol. 4, ch. «, p. 81).
4356. PBA-YEB, Subdued by. A Miser. [Sam-
uel Hick, an early English Methodist prea(;her,
once plead in vain with a rich miser for a dona-
tion to (Joke's West India missions.] At last he
fell upon his knees in prayer. " I will give thee
a g\iinea if thou wilt give over," said the covet-
ous man ; but he continued to pray for the miser,
and for the heathen for whose salvation a guinea
would have been so insignificant a pittance. " I
tell thee to give over," exclaimed the miseragain ;
" I will give thee two guineas if thou wilt give
it up." Hick bore it away to a mi.ssionary meetiH
ing. — Stkvknb' Mhthodism, vol. 3, p. 126.
43§7. PBAYEB and Swearing. Andreic John-
son. Colonel Moody "the lighting Methodist
parson was in Nashville the day it was reported
that [General] Buel had decided to evacuate the
city. The rebels, strongly reinforced, were said
to be witliin two miles of the city. Said Moody
. . . I found him in his office . . . walking the
PHAYEUS— I'UPLVCIIINO.
nil)
tloor . . . iitanifcHting intense feeling, he Htiid,
'■ Moody, we are sold out I IJuel is iilriiitor !" . . .
Tlien lie eonnnenced piiein); the tloor, tvvislini^
his liuiids and elmtin^ like a chained ti^er. Hiul-
<li'nly he turned and said, " Moody, ean you
pray '.■'" . . . As the prayer liecanie lervent, John-
son came over on his hands and knees to Moody's
side and put his arm over him and manifested
tlii^ deepest emotion. Closinjr the prayer with a
iiearty, "Amen" from each, they arose. John-
.son . . said, " Moodv, I feel lielter !" Shortly
afterward he said, " Moody, will you stand by
me V ' ■• (/'ertainly I will," was the answer. . . .
The current of his thouj^ht having changed, he
said. 'Oh, Moody, I don't want you to think 1
have iK'come a religio\is man because I asked you
V) pray. I am sorry to say it, but I am not, and
have nev(U' i)retended to be religious. . . . Hut,
Moody, there is one thing about it — I do believe
ill Almightv God. And I believe also in the
nihle, and I say damn nie if Nashville shall be
surrendered !" And Xashville was not surren-
dered. — U.WMONDs Lincoln, ]>. 747.
ISNd. PRAYEBS, Attendance at. .Josiah C^ii in -
<■//. For sixteen years Mr. (hiincy was President
of Harvard College — a diillcult and laborious
otlice. Ilisson tells us, that, during the whole six-
teen years of his presidency, he was neverabsent
from the six-o'clock morning prayers but three;
times, and that was occasioned by his iK'ing
obliged to attend a distant court as a witness on
liclialf of the college. — Cvci.oi'kdia ok Hioci.,
11, 7r)!».
<i:t«i9. PREACHER, Remarkable. " lilark JLii-
rii" Harry Hosier, i)etter known as " Hlack
Harry, " was the traveliing servant of Bishop
Astmry, and had a iiojiularity as a preacher
which excelled that of the bishop himself. Dr.
Kiisli, whose predilections for Methodist preach-
ing are well known, did not di.sdain to hear him,
jirni making allowance for his illiteracy (for he
could not read), pronounced him " the great-
est orator in America." — Stkvkns' M. E.
C'luim II, vol. 2, p. 174.
■ISJM). PREACHERS, Lay. rnriUinx. [In 1658,
Wliitelock, ambassador extraordinary to Swe-
den, was informed by lla; famous Queen Chris-
tina that she had been told that many otHcers of
the Commonwealth under Cromwell " will them-
selves ])ray and ineaeli to the soKliers." And she
asked," Isthattrue V" Whitelock replied]," Yes,
iiiadiim, it is . . . very true. While their enemies
•■lie swearing, or debauching, or pillaging, theofti-
errs :uid the soldiers of the Parliament's army
used to be encouraging and exhorting one an-
nihcr out of the Word of God, and praying to-
gether to the Lord of Hosts for His blessing to be
with them, who linth showed Hisapiirobation of
this military preaching by the success He hath
^nv(Mithem 'Tis the opinion of many good
men with us, that a longcas.sock, with a silk ^\v-
(M(! and a great beard, do not make a learned or
good preacher, without gifts of the Spirit of God,
and laboring in His vineyard ; and whosoever
studies the Holj' Scripture, and is enabled to do
good to the souls of others, and endeavors the
same, is nowhere forbidden by that Word, nor is
it blamable." — Knight's Eno., vol. 4, ch. 9,
p. 144.
'i:i9l. . Puritans. [In 1642 the
Puritan clergy were hated and called " preach-
ing cobblers," " pulpit praters." Some defended
them " in ii merry way," saying that, when such
men first began to " tak(! up that <lutv which the
prelates let fall," they each invadecf the other's
(iillingl — that (;handlei>t, cutlers, weavers, and
the like preached, while the arehiiishop himself,
instead of preaching, was busied in projects alH)ul
leather, salt, soap, and such commodities as bo-
longed to those tradesmen. — Kmoiit'h Eno.,
vol. 3, ch. 80, p. AKt.
4:i9a. PREACHING a Crime. Tn Scotland. [By
act of . . . Parliament under James II.] Hiscom-
man<ls were obeyed. A statute; framed by the
miiMsters of the crown was promi)tly pas.se<l,
which stands forth, even among the statutes of
that unhappy country at that unhappy period,
pre-eminent In atrocity. It was enacted, in few
but emphatic words, tliat whoever shouhl preach
in a conventicle under a roof, or should attend,
either as preacher or as luMirer, a conventicle in
the o])eii air, should be punished with death and
contiscalion of properly. — M.\rAii,.\v'H Eno.,
ch. 4, p. 4«M).
4393. FREACHINO a Duty. Jo/ni Ihtnyan.
Mr. Wingate, when the information was first
brought to him, .supposed that he had fallen on
a iM'st of Fifth Monarchy men. He imiuired,
when Bunyan was brought in, how many arms
had been found at the meeting Vv iien he learned
that there were no arms, and that it had no jiolit-
ical character whatever, he evidently thought it
was a matter of no conseciuence. He told Bun-
yan that he had been breaking the law, and asked
iiim why he could not attend to his business.
Bunyan .said that his object in teaching was mere-
ly to {lersuade people to give up their sins. Ho
("ould do that and attend to his business also.
Wingate answered that the law must be obeyed.
He must commit Bunyan for trial at the (Quarter
.Sessions ; but he would take bail for him, if hi.i
.securities would engage that he would not preach
iigain meanwhile. Bunyan refused to be bailed
on any such terms. Preach he would and must,
I and tli(! recognizances would be forfeited. After
i such an answer, Wingate could only send him to
I jail ; he could not help him.self. — Fhouuk's Bin-
j VAN, ch. 5.
4394. PREACHING, Genuine. licif/n of Jawci^
I //. [The king courted the favor of Dissenters
1 for the se<'ret purpose of advancing the Roman
I Catholic faith. By general indulgence they
were relieved from persecutions. The Puritan]
soon began to regret the days of persecution.
While the penal laws were enforced, he had
heard the words of life in .secret and at his jieril;
but still he had heard them. When the brethren
were assembled in the inner chamber, when the
.sentinels had been posted, when the doors bad
been locked, when the i)reaclier, in the garb of a
butcher or a drayman, had come in over the
tiles, then at least God was truly worshipped. No
portion of Divine truth was suppressed or soft-
ened down for any worldly object. All the dis-
tinctive doctrines of the Puritan theology were
fully and even coarsely .set forth. [To secure
the favor of the court the preachers became con-
servative and hesitating.] — Macaulay's Eng.,
ch. 7, p. 213.
4395. PREACHING to please. Dangerous.
[Preamble to the statute of 1703, for making .set-
tled provision for the clergy, says:] "Divers
1'
520
I'UKACmNlJ— PWKDKSTINATIOX.
iiu'iin and 8ti|>(ii<lury prcacluTH iirtt in ninny
pliU'CScntiTtuincd to serve llie cures and otllciale
there, who, depending; for necessary inaintenanco
upon tlio goodwill and liking <>f their liearers,
iiave iieen and anr tlierel)y under tein|)tatii>n of
too niucli coniplyiti)^ and suiting tiieir doctrine
to tiie liuniors, ratiier tlian tin- i^0(»\, of tiieir
hearers ; widcli iiatli lieen a ijreat oeciiHion of
faction and Hchisin, and (■ontein|)l of tlio miius-
try."— Knkiiit's Kno., vol. Ti, cli. 17, p. 271.
J^OO. PREACHING, Profltleaa. ■Huur i »■
CfitiiuH." [in ir);{1)| tlien) was aninia;j;ein Wales
called Garvcll OaMiern, to wliich tlio people re-
sorted by liundreds, lielicvini; llial. tlie wooden
hlo( k had power to save. Darvell Qathcrn was
l)rou^ht to [.london and burnt in Hmiththtld.
But tlie " hn^e and jjreat. iniaf^c!" was brouj^lit
tind(;r the j^allows, where an observant friar,
Forest, was liuiif? in chains alive ; and tlu; idol
being set on tiro \niiler the wretclied man, who
was a(!cus(ul of heresy and treason, they wen;
conH\ini(!d together. Worst of all, "there was
also j)repared a pulpit, whcrt; a right reverend
father in God, and a renowned and i)ious cliTk,
the Bishop of Worcester, called Hugh Latimer,
declared to him [Forest] his errors, and operdy
and maiufestly b}' the; 8cri|)turu of God confuted
them, and with many and godly exhortatiiins
moved him to repiuitanco. IJut stieh was his
frowardness, that he neither would hear nor
speak." — Knkiut'h En<i., vol. 2, ch. 25, p. 408.
'15197. PEEACHINO by Women. SamudJohit-
mm. [Mosvvell said,] 1 told him I had been that
mornmg at a meeting of the people called Qtiak-
crs, where I had heard a woman prea<,'h. John-
son : " Sir, a woman's preaching is like a dog's
walking on his hind legs. It is not <lone well ;
l)Ut you are surprised to tind it doni! at all." —
BoHWKI.I.'k .JollNHON, p. 128.
<i:t9M. PRECEDENCE, Infinitesimal. Samuil
Jiihiiiuiii. .lohn.son, for si)ort perhajw, ,ir from
the spirit of contradiction, eagerly maintained
tlial Derrick had merit as a writer. Mr. Morgann
argued willi him directly in vain. At lengtli he
had recourse to this device. " Pray, sir." said
iie, " whetht'r do vou reckon Derrick or Smart
'he lujst poet ?" .Johnson at oiuh; felt himself
roused, and answered, " Sir, then; is no st^ttling
the point of precedency between tlie lou.se and
the flea." — Boswki.i.'s Johnson, p. 489.
4309. PRECEDENCE, Quarrels for. Amhan-
s(ulo>,i. An idle dispute about precedency had
happened in London between tlu; Spanish and
French ambassadors. Louis immediately order-
ed the Spanish amba.ssador at Paris to quit the
kingdom, and recalled his own from the court
of Spain. Philip IV. was threatened with a
renewal of the war, unless a proper submission
should be made, and an acknowledgment of the
,>r('ct'dency of France, to which that monarch
was obliged to consent. A similar alTront ofF-.r-
(mI to the French ambassador at Rome w.s fol-
lowed by a yet more humiliating satisfaction.
The pope was oblige ' to beg pardon by his le-
gate, and a pillar was erected at Rome to perpetu-
ate the affront and the reparation. — Tytlek'b
Hist., Book 6, ch. 36, p. 457.
4400. . Greeks. When the confed-
erates came to have their several posts assigned
the 11 [in their conflict with the Persians], who
Had invaded Greece, there was a great dispute be-
tween the Tegeta' and the .Vthenians, thcTege-
ta> insisting that, as the l..ace(hemonians were
posted in the right wing, tlie left belonged to
them, and, in support of their claim, setting
forth the gallant actions of their ancestors. As
the Athenians expressed great indignation at
tliis, Aristi(h's stepiied forward and said : "'rime
will not permit us to contest with the Te
getii' the renown of their ancestors and their [ler-
sonal bravery; but to the Spartans and to the
rest of the Greeks w»; may say that the post
neither gives valor nor takes it away, and what-
ever |)osl you assign us, we will endeavor to do
honor to it, and take can- to reflect no disgrace
upon our former achievements. For we are iioi
conu; hither to ((Uarrel with our allies, but t(i
tight oiireneniies ; not to make encomiums upon
our forefathers, but to apjirove our own (courage
in th(! cause of (Jreece. And the battle will soon
show what valu(M)ur country should set on every
State, every general, and private man." After
this speech the council of war declared in favor
of the .Vthenians, and gave them th(; command
of the left wing. — I'l.i'iAiicii's Aiuhtidks.
4401. PRECEDENCE valued. Oewr. When
Julius Ctesar came to a little town, in i)assing
tlu! Alps, his friends, by way of mirth, took oc-
casion to say, "Can tlii're here be any disjiutes
for ofllces, any contentions for precedeiiey, or
such envy and ambition as we see among the
great V" To wliich Cie.sar answered, with great
seriousness, " I assure you, I had rather be Hk;
rtrst man here than the second man in Rome."
— Pl.t'T.MU ll's C.KSAU.
440ie. PRECOCITT, Remarkable. Jmncs W<i/t.
On onc! occasion, when he was bending over a
marble hearth, with a piece of chalk in his hand,
a friend of his father .said: " Vou ought to .send
that boy to a p;iblic .school, and not allow him
to trifle his tim(; at home." "Look how my
child is occupied before you condemn Jiim," re-
])lied th(! father. Though only six years of age,
lie was trying to solve a problem in geometry. —
Smii.ks' Buikk Broou.vriiiKH, p. 4.
4403. . Ak.raiidcr Pope. The pre-
cocious boy, after the age of twelve, had to
form his own mind, anil work out his own
aspirations, in his " paternal cell " at Binfield.
In this modest dwelling lie Wrote his " Pas-
torals," his "Windsor Forest," his " 'i'empU
of Fame," his " Essay on Critici.sm," liis " l{ai)e
of the Lock." lie set to learning Latin and
Greek by himself about twelve, and when lie
was about flfteen he resolved that he would go
up to London and learn French and Italian. At
sixteen he formed an acquaintance witli Wycher-
ley, a man of seventy, lie was known at that
time to Congreve. At an earlier age he had
been taken to a coffee-house to .see l)ryden. —
KNKiirr's Encj., vol. 5, ch. 26, p. 416.
4404. PREDESTINATION, Belief in. William,
Prince of Oi'dnije. The Princes of Orange had
generally been the ^jatrons of the Calvinistic di-
vinity, and owed no small part of their popular-
ity to their zeal for the doctrines of election and
final perseverance. . . . His theological opin-
ions, however, were even more decided than
those of his ancestors. The tenet of predestina-
tion was the key.stonc of his religion. He even
declared that if he were to abandon that tenet,
IMtKDKS'l'INATION— I'KK.Il DICK.
821
])(■ nniHt ulmiiiloii with il all itclicf in ii Hiipcriii-
tciKlin;; I'rovidciicc, and iiiiisl liccninc ii inrrc |
liplciircan. — Macaii.av'h Kn(i., cli. T, p. IW.
4'IOA. . SfiiiDliiKironin. Tliry lie-
licvcd implicitly in talc (ii'pn'di'stination, and in
the absolute inipoHsiiiility of a man's avoiding
tlml couTHc or destiny which was prescribed for
iiiin. Hut wliile this was llicir tlnn persuasion,
Ihev allowed lilicwise tlie moral a;;eiicy of man, :
aiul the ])osHiliility of his deserviiifi; rewards anil
]>unishmeiits for his a( lions, a diitlculty which
more etdi^htcned people have lonjr jaliorcd to
reconcile. — Tyti. ion's llisr., iJook 5, eh. (I,
p. •>H.
4'KNI. PREDICTIONS, Editorial. Ciril \\,ir. '
The New Yorl; peo|)le derid<'(l llic rclicllion.
The 7'/vA///i<ilcclar(Ml Unit it was nolliinjj " more
or l(;ss than the natural recourse of all mean-
spirited and defeated tyrannies to rule or ruin,
nialiinjf, of course, a wide distinction between
the will and power, for the han^rin^ of traitors
is sure to be^^in before, one month is over. . . .
tlelT iJavis it ("o. will be Hwinj:;in;;- from the
battlements of VVashinjfton, at least by the Kourih
of July. " — Pom.aud'h Fiust Ykah ok tiiI';
Waii, ch. :J, p. 70.
4407. PEEDICTI0N8, Parental, F»r Petn-
C"(>i)cr. While the e.\ liculenant ("ooper was
making and .selling; imts in a shop in Liltle Dock
Street, a son was born to him, whom he named
Peter, after the fjreat a|iostle, with a full con-
viction that " the boy would come to.somethinjr,"
and with the consi'ientious conviction that lie
had been instructed to do so by what he tirmly
believed to be a celestial vision. If il were but
a superstition, tlu; |)robal)ility .seems verv stron;;
that .somebody was rif^ht. — Lkstkh's Likio ok
Pktku C«>()i'i';it, p. 10.
4408. PREDICTIONS realized. Xnr ¥,»■/>: In
one of the letters written to Sltiyvesiuit [the co-
lonial fTOvernor] by tin; secretary of the [West
India (JonipunyJ, the remarkable prediction is
nnide tliat the comnierc(! of N<(w Amsterdam
.should cover every ocean and the ships of all na-
tions crowd into her harbor, lint for many
years the growth of the city was .slow. As late
as the middle of the century the better jiart of
Manhattan Island were slill divided amoni^ the
farmers, Central Park was a forest of oaks and
chestnuts. [ITth centiirv. ] — Ridi-ath's U.S.,
ch. 19, p. KtH.
4409. PREJUDICE, Commercial. Adtioiutl
Jiunk. The orijrinal plan of a national bank was
met. . . by every sort of objection. Some said it
was a new thing, and they did not understand it.
Others said the project came from llollaud, and
there were too many Dutch things already. To-
ries .said that ii bank and a monarchy could not
exist together. Whigs said that u bank and lib-
erty were; incompatible, for that the Crown would
conunand the wealth of the bank. [It was
established in 1(594.] — Knight's Eno., vol. 5,
ch. 11, p. 171.
4410. PREJUDICE, Deluded by. lieign of
Charh'H II. The Marcpiess of Worcester . . .
observed the expansive power of moisture rari-
lied by lieat. After many e.\pe."iments, he had
succeeded in constructing a rude steam-engine,
which lie called a firewater-work, and which he
pronounced to be an admirubic and most forci-
ble instrument of propulsion. H\it the iininiuess
was suspected to be a madman, imd known to be
a Papist. Mis inventions, therefore, found no
favorable reception. Ills lire water-work mighl,
perhaps, furnish matt<'r for conversation at a
ineetingof the Hoyal Society, but was not apiilied
to any practical purpose. — .Ma( aii.av'h K.no.,
( h. \y p. iJ4t;.
4411. PREJUDICE in History. DimniHhiH.
It Is not im|)robabl<' thai the hatred which the-
(Jreeks ever alTecled to bear to the name of ty-
rant has made their historians blacken the char-
acter of Dionysius more than he deserved. We
reail of the constant terror he was un<ler of as-
sassination ; of Ills never venturing to harangue
the people but fron. the top of a tower ; of the
dungeon he contrived for the imprisonment of
slate criminals, constructed in the form of \.\u\
cavity of tln^ ear, which, communicating with an
aperturt! in his private a])arlinent, he could dis-
tinctly hear any word that the prisoner uttered ;
of the horror iie had of allowing himself to be
shaved, and of his making his daughters singe
olT his beard with mil shells. Mut how is all this
consistent wilhtlK' certain facts — of his command-
ing his armies tii person ; his overseeing his nu-
merous artisans employed in the public works ;
his familiar intercourse with men of .scii'iice, his
magnificent enlertainmenis, and, at length, his
dying of a debauch at a public festival V Great
allowance must be made for the ju'ejudices of
those writers who have given us the character
of I)ionv.sius. — Tvti.kk's Hist., Hook 3, ch. 8,
p. 'Am.
4413. PREJUDICE, Inveatigation with, llo-
nKin h'tii/)iror Jiiliidi. Instead of listening to the
proofs of Christianitv with that favorable atten-
tion which adds weight to the most respectable
evidence, he heard with suspicion, and disfxited
with obstinacy and acuteness, the doctrines for
which lu! already entertained an invincible aver-
sion. When<'ver the young j)rinces were direct-
ed to comjiose declamations on the subject of
the prevailing controversies, .Julian always de-
clared himself the advocate of Paganism ; under
the specious excuse that, in the defence of the
weaker cause, his learning and ingenuity might
be more advantageously exercised and disi)laye(L
— Gihhon'h Komk, ch. 22, p. 412.
4413. PREJUDICE, National. French— Knu-
IM. The Engli.sh . . . are the only people who
have been unable to claim the authorship of the
" Inulalion of .lesus" ; a Frenchman iniglit write
it, a German, an Italian, never an Engli.shman.
From Shakespeare to Milton, from Milton to
IJyron, their beautiful and .sombre literature is
sceptical, Judaical, Satanic, in a word antichri.s-
tian. " As regarils law," as a legist well sayn,
" the English are Jews, the French Christians."
A theologian might express himself in the same
manner as regards faith. The American Indians,
with that penetration and originality they so of-
ten exhibit, expressed this distinction in their
fa.shion. " Christ," said one of them, "was a
Frenchman whom the English crucified in Lon-
don ; Pontius Pilate wa.s an officer in the service
of Great Britain." — Miciielet'b Joan of Akc,
p. 51.
4414. PREJUDICE, Opposition of. Jieif/n of
Charles IL [See No. 4882.] An act, the first of
our many turnpike acts, was passed, imposing
6'i'i
I'UKJrrUCK-PHKPAItATlON.
I I
a Miniill loll on iriivcllci'H mid ^ikhIs, for tlw piir
)>i>M> i>t' ki'('|iiiig Hoinc |mrlH of (liin iinhoi'iunt lliu'
tif < Diiiiiiiiiiiciklidii in t;<>i>(l repair. 'I liin innova-
tion, liowi'Vcr, cM'itt'd many niurniiirN, an<l tlic
olliir ^nal avrnui'M to tlic capilal were Um^ left
viiKJcr tlic olil Nvstcin. A ilian^c wax at IciiKtIi
I tTi'< till, iait iiot'witlioiit Ki'iat (liMiciilty ; lor un-
just anil aliMiiril taxation In wliicli nicii arc uc
( iip-ti>iiicil Ih oficn lioriic far more willingly tliuii
tli< moxt rcasonalilc im|ioHt which is new. Il
\\a> not till niaiiv toll liarn had been violently
joilli'd down, till ilic iroopH iiad in many districts
iii'i'ii I'orccil to act ii>;ainsl the people, unit till
niucli lilood liMil been shed, that a ^ood s3'slem
wa- inlrodnced. My slow dcjfri'cs reason tri-
iiniplied o\('r |>rcjiidice.— Macaij.av'h En(i,,
( h. ;!, p. ;r.().
•1115. PREJUDICE against Pro§rreu. Jroii by
(oiil, A man wiser iliaii others in his p-ncru-
tion, Kdward, Lord Dudley, olitaiiied in l(llt) a
patent for smelting; iron ore liy pit coal, lie
Would |trolialily have licstowed immense riches
ii|ion Ills country had not his iron works Iteeii
dcsU'oved in an oulhreak of that popular i^no-
raii'i' which lias too often interrupted tluM'ourse
ol >cieiiliflc iinproveinent. 'I'lie notion of smell-
ing iron ore liy coal was not fairly tried till
1T4M, — Iv.NKiiiTs Kno., vol. T), cli. 1, p. lij.
41 1 H. PREJUDICE, Reaction of. .Mithodism.
'I'lie fear of lieini; called .Methodists was one of
the causes that made loo many of the clcrjLry
I iirelcss in their lives and indiffcrenl in their
V'M alioii I in the middle of the eiu:htcciitli centu-
ry i.—lvNidiiT's K.N(i., vol. T, cli. «, p. 110.
•I-I I r. PREJUDICE, Sootlonal. \<>vth and South.
'liic Southern people considered that Ihey were
opposintr I in tji,. secession sirui;^lc| an ene-
my who had proved himself a foe to mankind,
rciiirion, and civilization. — I'oi.i.aup's Fikht
Vkak ok riiK Wau, ch. II, j). 2<(!J.
■tllM. PREJUDICE and Superitition. Lfiu'i-s.
(In 1H21] tJie Le|)ers . . . were popularly ac-
iiiscd of havin;;: poisoned all the wells and t'oiin-
taius in I'oilou and (riiicime. The ffrounds of
this horrilile char^fc are not distinctly known ;
the Lepers were rejiortcd to he under the intlu-
eiice of sorcery and manic, the Ix^lief in which
was then universal ; another accouni ic])re.sente(l
tilt 111 as hired agents of the .Moorish Kin^ of
<»ranada ; a tliird, as accomplices of the Jews.
Till- Lepers W'''e arrested in all parts of France,
and liarharously tortured ; every jwlty otHoial
ill the kim.'^dom was authorized lodeal with them
at Ills sole dis'Tction : and irreat inultitudes, thus
<"ondcmiicd in defiance? of all forms of justi(;e,
perished in the flames. — Stiuknts' Fhanci;,
ch. !), ^ 2^.
41 1 f>. PREMONITION, Accidental. Charleit T.
fill lt)4;{, diirinn- the civil wars, Charles I. was
at O.xford, and, in the public library, one of his
lords sui^gested, as a diversion, that the king
make a trial of his fortimc! by Sorhs VirniliniKP,
which was a usual kind of augury some ages
past. The king opened a Virgil at the part giv-
ing] I)i<lo'.s iin|)recatioii against ..Eneas, wliich
Mr. Dryden translates:
" Yet let a race wnlam'd and haughty foes,
His peaceful entrance with dire arms oppo.se ;
Oppress'd with numbers in th' unecjual field.
His men discourag'd, and himself e.xpell'd,
" Whiclicver way it |lhc rebel-
said to her, "/shan't last long
" — Havmonds Lincoln, p. 720.
. Abnthdm /jiieoln. " lie
Let him for Niiccor sue from place to place.
Torn from his Hiiblects, and his .son'h ' in brace,
First let him see IiIn friends in battle <iluiii,
And their unlimely fate hiinent in vain ;
And when, at leiigtii, tlu; cruel war simll cease,
On hard conditions muy he buy his peace
Nor let him then enjoy supreme command,
Milt fall untimelv by some hostile liuiid,
And lie unbiirieil on the barren sand."
Chiirles seemed concerned at t he accident (whicli,
in some measure, proveda|irciliclioii of his over-
throw). — Knkiiit'h Fn(i., vol. 4, ch. 2, p. 2(1.
I'lilO. PREMONITION of D«ath. C/nirlcK F.
A deadly poison had been iidiniiiistered to . . .
ill his early youth, through the unnatural niuclii-
iiMlioiis ot the King of Navarre. A Oeriimn
)>hysician arrested the progress of the venom by
opening an issue in his arm. forewarning him
that, if III any time the issue should close, iii>
death was iiievitabl(! within llflecii days. — Hri-
dkntm' Fuanck, ch. 10.
'I'lill. . Ahrahiim f.incoln. " No
man," said Mih Stowe, " has Huftered more and
deeper, albeit with a dry, weary, imlii'iit pain,
that seemed to.somellke in.sensilillity, than I'resi-
dcnl Lincoln.'
lion I ends," Ik
after il is over
iiaa. —
told me, " says a correspondent of the /ionton Jour-
mil, " that lie was c<>rtain he should not oiithiKt
the rebellion." . . . There wiis di.ssension among
tile I{e|)ublican lead«'rs. Many of his best friendg
had deserted him, and were talking of an op))oHi-
lion . . . convention to nominate another candi-
date ;nn(l universal gloom was among the peoj)le.
I He also said,) " I feel ii nresenfiment that I shall
not outlast tlKjrelH'llioii. When it is over my work
will be done." — Uaymond'h Lincoi,n, p. 727.
1143. PREPARATION, Conitant. " Mintite-
men." A.i). 1774. Out of Hostoii the power of
[last royal governor] Gage was at an end. In the
county of Worcester, the male inhabitants, from
the age of .si.xteen to seventy, formed themselves
into comimiiles and regiments, chose their own
olHcers, and agreed that one third part of tlie en-
rolled should hold themselves ready to march "at
II minute's warning. " " In tim(! of peace, prepare
for war," was the cry of the country. — Han-
ohokt'h V. S , vol. 7, ch. 11.
4 flil4. PREPARATION for Oratory. Dnnontfir
in'H. The subslaiK^e of the sjjeeches which he
heard he committed to memory, and afterward
reduced them to regular sentences and periods,
meditating a variety of corrections and new forms
of expression, both for what others had said to
him and he had addressed to them, lleiu c it
was concluded that he was not a man of much
genius, and that all his elo(|uence was thi; efTcct
of labor. A strong proof of this seemetl to be,
that \\v was seldom heard to speak anything ex-
tempore, and though the peojile often called u|)(m
him by name, as he sat in the assc^mbly, to speak
to the point debated, he would not do it unless la;
came prepared. For this, many of the orators
ridiculed him ; and Pytheas, in particular, told
him that all his arguments smelled of the
lamp. Demosthenes retorted sharply upon him,
" Yes, indeed, but your lamp ami mine, my
friend, are not con.scious to the same labors." To
IM{KU()(»AT1VK— I'HESS.
b'Zli
otheni ho (lit! not pri'ti'nd to deny IiIh pri'viouHnp-
|)li('titluii, hut tolil tlicin h(! ni-ithcr wmto tliu
vvliolc of liin (iriitioiiM, nor Hpokt' witlioiil t\rst
roininittlni; part to wriliiiK. lie fiirtlifr iitllnn-
('<l, that tliin Hliowcd hint ii ^oo<l ini'inhcr of ii
iliniocriitic Mtiitc ; for tho coining nrcpiircd to tho
n)Mlrnni wiim ii nnirk of rcMpcct tor Ihv itcoplc,
Wlicrnis, to he rcf^iirdlcHs of wlml the jx-oplo
tMi^ht think of ii man's mldrcHM Hliowcd his in-
<'llnalion for oli^irciiy, iind that lit' had rather
^niinrd his point hy forci liian by pfrHUiiNion.
Anoliicr proof thcv k'^'' '"^''f his want of conll-
dcncc on any siiddt n occaNion, is, that when hi>
liiip|HMii'd to h<- put into disorilir hv th*> tiunnl-
liiiiry Ix'liaviorof th(> people. I >('niaireH often rose
lip U> support him in an exliinpore address, but
lie never did the Maine for Demades. — l*i,u-
TAIini's DKMOHTItKNKH.
't4*JA. PREBOOATIVE, Royal. Unt/a of Stv-
fi-un. The lawyers and liiHlirlans eonciirred in
teaeliiii^' tliat the inspired authority was held, not
by the delegated eominiHsion, but by the irri.'vo
cable resignation of tliuSenarc, Huit tin ||{oiiian]
Kluperor was frijcd from the nstrainls u( tlie civil
hiWH, and could eominand by his arbitrary will
(lie lives and fortunes of his subjects, and mi|r|it
dis|)oseof tli(M'mpir(;asof liis private patrimony.
— OiniioNH Uo.MK, ell. 5, p. 1H(.
'I'lilO. . JaiiicH ff. .Iniiies. . . wasrc-
ttolved to brin^ to i.ssiie the (iiicstion of the kind's
dispen.siiifj power — that is, the right of the.sover-
ei;.fn to abrogato exi)ress laws by the exercise of
liis prerogative. This prerogative had lieen ex-
ercised in the earliest times of the (Jonslitution ;
but had gradually become inori^ and more limit-
ed, as the legislative i)ower had become more
detined. — Knkiht s Kno., vol. 4, cli. 25, p. 407.
4137. PBE8BTTEBIANISM despiied. /?//
CluirltHfr. Lauderdale rcliiled to Muniet that
the kin^t I' liarles II.] told him to let jtresbytery
go, " for It. was not ii religion for gentU^nu!!!. '
r.\ religion of blindness and servility was tlui re-
ligion wanted.] — Knioiith Eno., vol. 4, eh. l.'i,
|.. 2.-):!.
I'l'iM. PBESENT declined. William Pitt. [In
1747 William Pitt was pavmaster-general for
(Jeorge II.] Wlien a subsidy was advanced to a
foreign power, it had been ciislomarv for tin;
itching palm of olHce to demand a haff per cent
as its lionorariuin. Pitt a.stonished the Kini,M)f
Sardinia by sending him the sum without deduc-
tion which Parliament had voted ; and he raised
lii- Tiiaiesty's iistoiiisliment. still higher when he
niu.xccla present as acompliment to his integ-
rity. Pitt was a |)oor man. — Knioiit's Knu.,
vol.6, ch. 12, p. 17».
4429. PBESENT, A perplexity. Tfw Firurh
MininU r. A dry humor, nay, sometimes a most
dioll humor, guides his [C'roinwell'sJ dealings
with liini. [Cardinal] Mazaiin was, we know, a
most miserable miser, a kind of griltin in thread-
bare wings, watcliiiig his heaps and cellars of
gold. How well Cromwell knew him. Hesent
presents to Cromwell, we lind — the richest and
the stateliest im'senta of hangings and pictures
and jewels. Whereupon Cromwell canu; out
generously too, and .sent the Frenchman what he
knew, to [lis market eye, would be of more value
than hangings, jtictures, or books; he sent him
■some tuns ot British tin I Was it not charucter-
iMlc of tliu NhrewdneHH of the man 7 TheNuppIo
Ma/arin never found himself »o |H-rplex«)4l. —
I(«>o|)'k Ciio.MWKi.i,, ( h. 1(1, p. ',M0.
4 1»0. PBXSXIfTIMEMT, A true. John llinr.
mil. He had astrong iiresenliment that from tliis
Journey [to the Kasl] he should never rttiini,
and therefore Ihoiight it wrong to (-xpose his
servant to its manifold jierils. The man, how-
ever, HO earnestly eiilreated to be allowed to ac-
company him, thai his scruples were at last over-
come. All his preparations were made with a
view to tlie probability of his never again .seeing
liis native land He niade his will witli great
delilH-ration, bei|ucatliing a great numlN'r of
small legach-H to his deiiciideiiis and friends,
overlooking no oik; who had the slightest claim
to his favor. [He went to invcsligalelhii plaguo
near its place of origin, j — ( vci.oi'KIU.v oi> linxi.,
i.. r.\.
44:11. PBESENT8 bring Preienti. hnlilimi.
Stow ri'cords that the widow ^'ornwalliH obtain
ed a fair lionse and tenements of a (lis,solved
priory by the timely jin'seiit of some fine pud-
lihigs to the king (Heiirv VIII.] — Kniomt's
K.No., vol. 2, ch. 2r>, p. 4i:l
44:14. PBESENT8, Solicitation of. M,\rnn(U'r.
[Alexander tlietJieat was generally more olTend.
ed at those who refused his pres«'iils lliun at thow*
who asked . . . favors,] He had given nothing to
youths lliiit played with
he asked nothing. One
at llieir diversion. Hem-
to tlirow the hull to others
which Alexander said,
give it me ?" " Hecau.st!
you (till not ask for it," said the youth. Thu
repartee ])lea.sed the king much ; he laughed,
and immediately made him very valuable pres-
ents, — Pl.lTAIUHS Al.KX.VNDEU.
4433. PBE8S defended, The. Lil>ett!i. [l/!l8:tO
(Jhiirles X. of France signed an onlinimce Ity
wldeh the liberty of the periodical jiress was
suspended. The proprietors and editors of the
chief opposition papers consulted the most emi-
nent lawyers, who gave their oi)inioii that Ihi;
ordinance was n-,)t legal, and ought not to lie
submitted to. Forty-four conductors of new.s
pai)ers signed a protest in whicli they declared
their intention to resist the ordinance. The
government said, "This pioicst has this day lost
that chariicter of legality wliicli coinmands obe-
dience ; we resist it." There v as occasionally a
cry in the streets of " Long live the Charter !
Down with the ministers !" The next day a
more ominous cry went forth — " Up witli Lib-
erty ! Down with the Bourbons !" Sentinels were
placed around the otlices of tlur four |)rincipal
newspapers to prevent their sale, but they were
thrown out of the window ; then the pre.s.ses
were broken. Then followed the three terrible
days of Julj'— the revolution against the family
of Bourbons and the mierowningof Charles X. ]
—Knioiit's ¥,\v,., vol. 8, ch. K5, p. 2.W.
4434. PBES8, Education by the. Kdfiav Allan
/'of. [Poe became joiiil-cdilor of the t<orttlurn
I.Ltfmrji MfHHcngcr.^ Here wc have Edgar Poe
installed at twenty-two as a public teacher
through the mediuin of the press ; a young man
incompetent to manage a small store, unable to
manage himself, and yet a public writer. Not
.Serapion, one of tlie
him at ball, because
day, when they were
]iioii look care alwa\ >
of the party ; upon
Why 'I') you not
rt'i4
pHKSS-PHKrtrMPTION.
!'
V
iiiKiiv iiionlli>4 |i«MM Ih fori* he lupNCH into IiIn oIiI
liuMtft of ilnitikcniirMM. — Hmii.kh' Kiiikk Kkmi
liAI'IIIICH, p. iiilU.
/I'l.'IA. PHIM, Fnadom of tht. ti^f,^t!/ />,/.
Wlirn, ill ltjyr», till' KiijflJHli prt'HH Imcuiihi M'di
tioiiN, [Joliti Miiloiil a<lvo<'uli>(l ItHfrrttdoin, mty-
iiijf: ''TlioiiKh III! tlio wfruls nf ({(xtriiui wcm
let looHc to pliiy upon tlif lurtli, ho truth Ix' in
tlio fli'lil, wu tlo liiJiirioiiMly, liy lict^iiHinK and
prolillilliii^, t(» inlNiioiiltl liir HtniiKtii. Lvi lur
iiiid fiilm^lKXMl ^rupnli'. Wliocvir know truth
iiiit to tlui worw) ill II rrcimml open ••iicountcr t" —
Knkiiit'm Knu., vol. f), ell. IJ, p. 177.
4-1.16. . IMhUoui^. |lii IWKnionii
pnrto, hiiviii)^ Ihcu greatly irritiil<<l l)v tlin iirtl-
cics |)iihliHh('il in I'^iiKland, iiHkt'ii lliuttiic govern-
tiicnt HiipprcHS till' ncWHpapiTS wliirli piiiiJiMJicd
nrticii'S iint'rioniily to liiiiiNrlf. Ho was inform-
ed that tli(> prcHH wiiH frr(!, and licyoiid tiiii jiow-
•T of tli<^ xovi'rnrru'nt to KiipprtsH. Ho tlirn lic-
inaiidcd tint proHci iilion of a I'Vcnrii piil)llNlii'r
for " a lihcl on a frieixiiy govfrnnicnt. " Uona-
jmrto jr/iini'd Hio <aNi',| — Kniiiiit'hKnii., vol. 7,
eh. 24, p. 4iii.
'I'lnr. . FraUrirk thfi Urml. Ono
book.Mi'licr Hcnt, I > tlio palarc ii copy of llio most
HlinginK lampoon that pcrliaps was ever wriitcii
in tho world, tint " MciiioiiH of Voltair«»," nnli-
UhIii'iI by Itcauinarchais, and asked for Ids Maj-
esty's orders. " Do not advertiso it in an olTen-
slv(! manner," said the kin^^ "but Rell it by all
means. I hope it will pay you well." J^lven
iirnonjij stalesmon aecuslomed to the lirense of ii
frco press Mch steadfastness of mind lis this is
not very lonimon. — Macaulay'h Fukukuick
TiiK (}ui;AT, J). 48.
y|.|.1«. . At New York. a.m. 17;M.
A newspai)er wa.s established to defend the Jiop-
uliir eause ; . . . its printer, John I'oter Zen^'er,
^vaH imprisoned on tho cliaigu of nublishiiiii;
false and malicious iibi.-ls. . . . At the trial tin;
1)ublisliin^ was confessed ; but thoiiffcd Andrew
Iiimillon, ... of I'hiladelpb' iileiidinff for
Zeii;;er, juslilled the publicatio! ' / asserlitif^ its
truth. " You cannot be iidmitted," interrupted
the ebief-Justice, " to ^iv(> the triitli of a libel in
evidence. " " Then," .said Hamilton to tlio
" we appeal to you for witnesses of the
Tho jury have tin; rij^ht to delennini! both the
law and the facts, iinil they ought todoso." [Ho
jilead for Ihecauseof lilM-rty, I .. , "tho liberty
of opposing arbitrary power by speaking and
writing the' truth." 'Vhe jury gavotbcir verdict,
" Not guilty." The peoi)l(r of tlio colonies exult-
ed. ... A patriot of till! Revolution esteemed
this trial to have been tho morning star of tho
American Kovolution. — HancuoKt'm U. S.,vo1. i{,
eh. 2;}.
4 1:19. PEES8, Political. Ftarrd. [Roger L'Es-
trango, insj)ector of the jiress for Charles H.
in 10(M5, Raid :] A public mercury makes tho mul-
titude " too familiar with tlie actions and coun-
cils of their superiors, too pragmatical and cen-
sorious, and gives them, not only nil itch, but
a colorable right and license to bo niedclliiig
with tho government." . . . " To keep the mul-
titude in the right course he thinks the prudent
management of a gazette may contribute to
a very high degree." — Kniqut'b Emo., vol. 4,
ch. 17, p. 381.
10 jury,
facts.
4 I40. PRXSf , Powar oftho. homl. IThi great
l>uk(! of .Miirlliorougli, and hero of itleiihelm.
wan II bravo soldier, but a moral coward. 'I'o his
wife he wrote,) " The villaiiious way of prlnllng
HiabHiiie to the lieart. " This inorarcowardiee is
u curioim revelation of liumaii inconsistency.
" 'I'ho villainous way of printing" was ever ii
terror to the man who would ehargo a redoubt
with the utmost cooIih'sh. " PiiiM'rbulletH ot
tho lirain" were far more terrible to him tliiin
u volley of grape shot. — Knioiii'h 1'>n«i , vol. 7>,
ch. 24, p. ;J74.
4 141. PRX88, Pro^reii of. Ainirini. Asenrly
as !7((4 IhoUoslon j\i iinhtt<i', tlrstof periodiciils
in the New World, was published In the «ily of
the Puritans ; but fH'leeii years elapsed bcforo
another e\p<Tlnieiit of the mnw sort was made.
In IT2I the New Knglanil Cuiirniil, n little sheet
devoted to free thought and the extinction of
rascality, was established at Moston by the two
Friinklins — .lames and Mcnjanilii In l'74(>. New
York had but one- periodical, Virginia one. and
SiMith Ciirolina one, and iit tin closi; of tho
French and Indian war there were no inorclhnu
ten newspapers published in the Colonies. Tlio
chief obstacles to such piilillcalions were the ab-
sence of great cities and tlie dilllciilty of com muni-
cKlion between distant .sections of the <'oiiiitry.
lioston and Pliiliidel|iliia had racli no more than
eighteen thousand inhabitants ; Mew York but
twelve thousand. In all Virginia tliert? was not
Olio important tow, ; while as far south as
(Jeorgia there was scarcely a considerable village ;
to reach this widely scattered po|)ulatioii with
iM'riodlcal ])iiblicatioiis was ipiite impossible. —
liDi'ATii'B U. S., ch. ;{(l, p 282.
44 lii. PBESS, Reiponiibility of tho. Fuliu:
Xrim. Tilt! |iublislicr of false news was a jwrson
for whom the pillory was an especial terror [in
ITOiJj.— Knkiiits Hnii., vol. r>, ch. 2(1, ji. 4():i.
4411. PRESUMPTION, Foolish. h'lVmi l/w
Ilomii.n. At the hour of worship, be |Rieii/i|
showed liimself to tho rciMniiiig crowds in ii
majestic atlitudo. willi ft mbo of [iiirpio, his
sword, and gilt spurs ; but the holy riles were
soon interrupted by his levity and insolence.
Rising from bis throne, tiiid advancing toward
tlie congregation, ho ]irocliiiiiieil iiia loud voice:
" We stiiimion to our Iribuiml Pope Clem-
ent, and coiiimMiid him to reside in Ids diocese
of Rome ; we also siminion tlie sacred college of
cardinals. We again summon tlie two pretend-
CIS, Charles of Hohcmla and Jicwis of Ravaria,
who stylo themselves emperors; we likewise
summon all the electors of (jermiiiiy, to inform
us on what preti'iico tlieyha\i' usurped the in-
alienable riglitof till! Roman people, tlienncieiit
and lawful sovereigns of tlie cmiiire." I'nsheath-
iiig his maiden sword, he thrice brMiidislied it to
tho three jiarts of tho world, and thrice repeated
the extravagant declaration, " And this, too, is
mine I" Tlu; Pope's vicar, the Risliop of Orvieto,
attempted to check this career of folly ; but his
feeble protest was silenced by niartial music. —
Giiuion's Romk, ch. 70, p. 4h;{.
4444. PRESUMPTION, Reward of, hxiignity.
[Darius the t}rcat,seiit ambassadors to tlio Athe-
nians to demand earth and water, which denoted
submi.ssion.l The Athenians threw tliom into
a ditch, and told them. There iran earth and
water enough. — Plutaucu's Tuemistoclks.
•U
PUK'rKNDKH-IMUDK.
A'^A
44'IA. PRETENDER, An honortd. Mi<'h,i,l. A
Ol'O'k, WllDHlvIl ll IlilllMI'll' till' lutll* I of ('nlixtllll
tliif, . . . iijiix'uri'il itl Siilcriiii, mill rrliilcil (Ih'ihI
vt'tiliircH of Ills full ami tllixlit 'I'liiii iiiifnrluiniti'
friciiil wiiH iirkiiDwIrilgcil liy till' link)' lUiilu'i't
OiilHciinll iitiil liiliii'iii'il with till' |Miiiip anil litlcH
<>l liii|M'r(jkl iligiiily : in IiIh iriiiiniilial iirngriHs
Ihroii^li A|iiiliii mill ('iilaliriii. Micliiitl was mi-
luted witli till- li'iii'H mill iicclaiiiutioiis of llir
|M'i)|)|(' ; aiitl I'opc (Jrcj^iiiy VII. i-xlmrtiil llu'
iiislio|is (i> prracli, mill llir ( 'ullmllcs In lli;lil,
ill till' |iiiais work 1)1' Ills riMiuralioii. Iliscoii-
vci-Miilicdis wllli Hiilini well' fniniint anil futnil-
iiir ; mill llirir iiiiiliiiil pruinisiw xm'it jii>iiitli'il liy
llir v;iliir III' llii* Noriiimis mul tlu' tiTasiiri's uf
the I'JlMt. Yi-l tills Mli'liai'l, by tlii' rulirrssiiiii
of till' Oi'ri'ks iiiiil Latins, was a pageant anil mi
iiiipostiir ; II iiiiiiik wild liail llril fiiiiii IiIh cimi-
vctit, or a iloiiu'stir w lio liail si'i'vnl in tlir piiiaci',
I'lit) fraud liad Ix'cn rontrivcd liy (lit- siililli-
GuiHrani ; and \\v triisiiii tliat, aftir this prr-
tt'iiilrr IiimI givi'ii a ilccciit rolnr to Ills arms, lir
wiiulil sink, attlit'iioil of tlii' coniiucror, intoliis
priinilivc oiisi'urilv. — vIiiiiion's Uomi;, rh. Utl,
p. MI7
'I'IKl. PRETENDERS, Numeroui. .\fii>il,ij,/„i.
[Musliipliii, the pi'i'lrndcr, callril liiinsi-lf tlic son
of llir (h'Ciil Itaja/.cl, and claiincil to litive liccn
<'i>iii'raii'd Iwi'lvr yrars ainoiig tlir ({n-rks; lii'
was discovered to lie mi iinpostor and executed. |
A similar character and cliiini was iisserted liy
several rival pretenders ; thirty persons are siiid
to have siilTered under the name of ,Mustaplia ;
and these freipieiil exe<:ulions may perhiins in-
sinuate that the 'rurkish court wiih not pertectly
HccurcMif the death of the lawful iiriiice. — (}in-
HONH UoMK, cli. ((.■), p. 21\i.
'I'I'IT. FBIDE, Absence of. Juliiin Cimir.
Altoiit liim.self and his own exploits there is not
one word of .s«'lf -complacency or .self-iidmiralion.
In hiswritinfjH, asinliis life, Cii'surisalway.s the
sMiiiU! — direct, strai>;htforward, uiiinoved, save
liy occusional ti^nderiiess, deHcrihini; with iincon-
sciouH Hiinplicity how the work which had lieen
forced upon him was accomplished. — Fitoi dk'h
Ckhau, cli. 2M.
4'i4M. PRIDE, Charaoteristio. Sir Kdintnl
Syinoiir. [William of ()ran>;eliad invaded Kn;^-
land and he was welcomed liy thi- peoph'. ] The
most important of Ihoncw-ciauers was Seymour,
who had re<;eiilly inlurilcd ii haronetcy which
added littlt; to his dignity, and who, in liirtli, in
ixditical Intluence, and in parliamentary aliili-
ties, was beyond conipari.son the foremost ainoiig
the Tory gentlemen of Kiiglmid. At his llrsl
iiudienco ho is said to have exhihited his cliarac
teristic jirido in a way which surjirised and
amused the prince. " I tliink, Sir Edward,"
said William, meaning to he very civil, "that
you an! of the family of the Duke of Somerset."
" Pardon me, sir," said Sir Edward, who never
forgot that he was the head of the elder branch
of the .Seymours, " the Diiki' of Somerset is of
my family. '—.\I.V( AULA YH Eno., ch. 1), p. 4Ci).
4140. PRIDE concealed, /?// Ifmnility. [Age-
silmis was a liaccdii'iiionian. | We liiivc no por-
trait or statue of him. lie would not sulTer any
to be mad(! while he lived, and at his death lie
utterly forbade it. We are only told that lie was
a little man, and that he had not a commanding
ILSpeCt — I'l.t'TAUCIl's AoKSII.AlS.
'IIAO. PRIDE, Defenslfe. Sim ml Jnhnmtn.
I>r AdaiiiN exiioHliilated with .lohiisoii, and muk*
;;estei| that his not being admilled when he
calleil ii lilni wiis probalily not to Ih- liii|iuti'd
to Lord ('heslerlli'ld. Cheslerlleld kept .lolitisiiii
waiting In an mitcroom while other coinpmiy re
ceived Ills allenlion, . . . and In contlrniation of
this, he iiiNlHted on Lord Chestertleld's general
alTahllily mid easiness of ucccsm, especially to
literary men. " Sir," said .lohiisoii, " that is not
liord ('lieslert)eld ; he is the proudest man this
day exiMllng." " No," said l>r. Adams, " there
Is OIK! |)erson, at least, as proud ; I think, by your
own accouiil, you are the prniider man ot the
two." " liul mine" (reiilied .lohrison iiistmitlyj
" WHH (If f'l'ii HI I'n pride " riiis, as |)r. Ailaiimwell
observeil, was oneof those happy turns for which
he was HO reinarkalily ready. — ftimwKi.i.'HiIoiiN-
MO.N, p. (lit,
4 lA I. PRIDE, Folly of. lh>,tnirtii',\ (AlpArs-
Ian the Turk | meditated the , . . glorioiiscon(|uest
of Turkestan. . . . Hut the proofless of the great
king was ri'lariled by the governor of Uer/.em ;
and .losepli the Ciiri/mian presumed to defend
his fortress against the powers of the Kiisl. When
he was prodiiccd a captive in the royal lent, the
sultan, instead of praising his valor, severely re-
proached his obstinate folly ; and the insolent
replies of the rebel provoked a seiileiice, that lie
should be fastened to four stakes, and left to ex-
pire in that painful situation. At this command,
the des|)er:ite Ciiri/inian, drawing a dugK<'r,
rushed headlong toward the throne ; the guards
raised their battle axes ; their /.eal was checked
by Alp Arslan, the most skilful archer of the
age ; he drew his bow , but his foot slipped, the
arrow glanced aside, and he received in his breast
the dai;ger of Joseph, who was instantly cut in
pieces. Tilt! wound was mortal ; and the Turk-
ish iirince bei|ueatheil a dying admonition to the
pride of kings. " In my you'll," said Alp Ars-
lan, " I was advised by a sage to humble myself
before God ; to distrust my own strength, and
never to despise the most conti'inntiblc foe. I
hav»! neglected these lessons ; and my neglect
has been deservedly ]iuiiislied. >'esterday, a.s
from an emineiici! I beheld the numbers, the
disci])line, and the spirit of my armies, the earth
seemed to tremble under my lect ; and I Hiiid ii>
my heart. Surely thou art the king of the world,
the greatest mid most inyiiiciblc of warriors.
These armies are no longer mine ; and, in the
contldence of my personal Htreiiglh, I now fall
by the hand of an assassin." — GiiiiioNs Uo.mk,
ch. 57, p. 519.
445tl. PRIDE, Humiliated. SmiiKdJohnnon.
Sir .losliua [Keyiiolds| told me a iilcasanl cliar-
acteristical anecdote of Johnson, about the time
of their first aciiuainlmice. When they were
one evening together at the Miss ("oltcreils', the
then Duchess of Argyle, and another lady of
liiuh rank, came in. .Johnson, thinking that the
.Miss Cottcrells were too much engros.sed by them,
and that he and his friend were neglected, as low
I'ompaiiy of whomtlicy were somewhat ashamed,
grew angry ; and resolving to shock their sup-
posed ])ride. by making their great visitors imag-
ine tliat his friend and he were low indeed, he
addressed himself in a loud tone to Mr. Uey-
nolds, .saying. " How much do you think you
i iiiid I could iri't ill a week if we were to work as
526
IMlIDi;— PIUNCirLKS.
I
It
ll I
I I
hnnl lis wt' could .'" — as itilicy had been ((Hiimon
iiicclianics. — iloswKi.i.'s .ImiNsoN, p ((4.
415:1. PRIDE, Mortified. (Hiirr d. 'xniith'K.
(tolilsmiili's iiiccssaal desire of licintc (•o;isi)icii-
niiM ill (oinpaiiy was ific occasion of liis hoinc-
tiincs appca/intr to swell disadvantage a.s one
should hardly liave su])posed ])ossilile in a man
of his jrenins. When his literary reputation had
risen deservedly hinii, and his society was much
courted, he he( auie very jealous of the extraor-
dinary alleiition which was every whert! jiaid to
.Johnson One eveninir, in a circle of w lis, he
found fault with ine for talkinir of .lohiison as
eiitilled to the honor of uiKjueslionahlc sujieri-
orily. "Sir," said he, "you are for niakini: a
monarchy of what should lie a republic." He
was still more inortiti( d, when, talking in a com-
I)any with lluenl vivacity, and, as he tlattercd
liimscif, to the admiration of all who were pres-
ent, aCJcrnian who .sat next him, and perceived
■lohnsoi. ioljinjr himself, as if aliout to speak,
suddenly slojiiied him, saying, " Stay, slay—
'I'octor ShoMson is going to .say .something." —
JJoSWKI.I.'s.loiINSO.N, p. L'li).
4't5'l. PRIDE of Rivalry. Ciccrii. Cicei-o's
natural i)lace was at, (';esar's side ; but to ("a'sar
iiliine of his contemporaries he was conscious of
an inferiority wliiel. was i'. tolerable to him.
In his own eyes he was always the lirst jierson.
lie had been made unhap])y by the thought that
))ost<!rity might rate Pompey above liiniself.
('loser ac(iuaintaiu c had reassured him abo'it
]'om,iey, but in Ciesar lie was conscious of ti
higher presence, and he rebelled against the hu-
milialMig ai-kiiowledgmcnt.— FitoiDK's C'.Es.\i{,
eh. 2V.
•1 i55. PRIDE, Sacrifices for. Oliiri- diildvnitfi.
[He had suddenly resuhcd to go beyond the sea
— anywhere. His morlificalion beeau.'^c of re-
jiroof in college was the cause. See No. r)8(5y.]
lie accordingly sold his books and clothes, and
sallied forth from the college walls the very next
day, inti'iiding to embjirk at Cork for — he scarce
knew where — America, oranyo'her jiart beyond
sea. ^Vith his usual heedless imiirudence, how-
ever, he loitered about Dublin until his tinances
were reduced to ii shilling ; with this iimount of
spc'cie he .set out on his journey. . . . For three
whole (l;iys he subsisted on his sliilltng; wlien
that was spent, hi^ |)arted with some of the
clothes from his biick, until, reduced tilmost to
nakedness, h(3 was four-an(l-twenly hours with- (
out food, insomuch that he declared a, handful )
of gray jiciise, givi'ii to hiiM by u girl at iv wake, '
WHS one of the mi>st delicious repasts he had j
ever twisted. Hunger, fatigue, and destitution
brought down his sjiirit and calmed his anger.
Fain wotdd he have retraced his stcjis, could he
liave done .s(> with any salvo for the lingerings of
his pride. — HtviNo's Goi.Ds.MirJt, ]>. "ih.
4456. PRIDE, Subjugation of. Luikf)'. In
the monastery excry one was jiroud to see the
youthful and learned scholar in the garb of the
order — the black .owl with tlu' scapulary. Yet
the new arrival coidd n-;' l)eexeini)tcd from any
of tlie mo.st menial services which it was cus-
tojnary to impose upon the novices in order to
break theirself-will and to ov<'rcome their pride.
Thus Luther was obliged to assist in the clean-
ing of the cells. He was also sent out with tlie
iH'.irgar's sack, through the streets of the city, to
soli( it food and money. And although he him-
self did not feel humiliated in the ])erformanco
of these menial duties — for he was inspired with
a burning desire faithfully to fulfil his vows of
jioverty and obedienc( — yet the ])rofcssors of tho
university interposed their objections. — 1{kin's
LiTiiKU,' ell. ;i, p. ;t().
4457. PRIDE, Vainglorious. Ihiini VnT.
He had one great object ever present to his mind
in jieace or in war: to display Henry the king,
ill Ids presumed superiority of mind and body,
niado doulily imiirc.ssive iiy his regal magniti-
cence. .V "more vainglorious aiui self-willed
coxcomb never won? a crown. In his first expe-
rience in war, in l.">i;{, his (jualities were exhib-
ited in ,1 way whicii siitllcieiitly betokens the
total absence of real greatness of character. —
Knioiit's Fn(i., vol. '.*, cli. 16, p. '-M7.
445§. PRIESTS, Interference of. Mi'ddlinij.
The interference of the clergy with men's tem-
jioral afTairs was never-ceasing ; and the otli-
I'iousness was often hastily resented by member*
of the family wliere the priest Aiis .supreme.
.John I'aslon complains that nis mother's chap-
lain has turned her aH'cction fromhersons: 'Sir
•lames [the i>riest] and I be twain ; we fell out
before my mother with ' thou proud priest, 'and
' thou proud .squ're/my mother taking his part,
so I have almost shut the bolt of my mother's
house." [\.u. 1450-14^5.] — Ivnkjiit's'Enu., vol.
2, ch. S, p. l^.'i.
4450. PRIMOGENITURE disregarded. Old
Textiiiiiciit. 'I'lieir whole history, far from fa-
vorhig the notion that iirimogeiiiture isof divino
institution, W(/uld rather .seein to indicate; that
younger brothers are under the esjiccial protec-
tion of Heaven. Isaac was not the eldest son of
Abraham, nor Jacob of Lsaac, nor Tudah of .Ja-
cob, nor David of ,Je.s.se, nor Solomon of David.
Indeed, the order of seniority among chikiren i.s
seldom strictly regarde'l in countries whero
polygamy is" practi'o-d. — Mac.mi.ay's En(!.,
ch. i, p. 67.
4460. PRINCIPLE, Importance of. Tar- nn
Tea. "You are quarrelling T'^i hrcepeucc a
I)ound on tea, an atom on ihe shoulders of a
giant," said the Tories ; . . . [Alexander Hamil-
ton] answered, "The Parliament claims a right
to tax us in all cases whatever ; its laiu au'i-^ are
in virtue of that claim ; it is the principle against
which we contend." — B.\ncuokt'h U. S., vol. 7,
ch. 19.
4461. PRINCIPLES limited. James II. A fa-
<,il delusion had taken pos.se.ssion of his mind,
which was never dispelled till it had ruined him.
\lv tirmly believed that, do what he might, the
members of the Church of England would act up
to their ])rincii)les. It had, he knew, iK'cn pro-
claimed from ten thousand i)nliiits, it had bei.'n
solemnly declared by the University^ of Oxford,
that even tyranny as frightful as that of the most
depraved of the Ca'sarsdid not justify subjects in
resisting the royal authority, and hence lie was
weak enough to conclude that the whole body of
Tory gentlemen and clergymen would let iiini
l)huuler, opjircss, and insult them without lifting
an iirm against him. [He made the attempt and
wasdriven from thethrone into exile in France.]
— M.\r.\ri,.\v's Eno., ch. 6, p. .")8.
446*. PRINCIPLES, Weight of. Indcprudnirf,
Day, The nation, when it nuitle choice of ii day
IMilNTING— IMtOCESSION.
.>.(
for its jjrcal iimiivcisivry, selected not the day of
the resolution of independenc(!, when it cloHcd
tlu* past, but that of the de(;lar(ition of the prin-
ciples on which it oj.ened its new career. — liAN-
ciuh't'h U. S,, vol. 8, ch. 70.
4403. FBINTINO, Beginning of. An Almanac.
In 1(5;;h, Stephen Uaye, an English jirinter, ar-
rived at Hoston, l)ringing a font of types, and in
llie following year .set uj) a j)ress at Canihridgc.
The fi:st .Vnu'ricun p'lhliiralion was an almanacs
calculated for New F^ngland, and bearing the
dale of lti!{l). During tlic next year Thomas
^'/eldeand John Kliot, two ministers of Hoxbury,
and Richard Mather, of Dorchester, translated
the Hebrew I'salmsinto English verse, and pul)-
lishtd their rude work in a volume of three hun-
dred i)ages — the first book printed on this side of
the Atlantic— liiDi'ATu's U. 8., ch. i:}, j). 13:2.
44«4. PEINTINO restricted. Punix/nncnt. [In
tOiW llui Slnr-C'haniber attiiinpted to regulate the
l)ress. By its dec'ree, " i)rinting in corners with-
out a license" was i)uni."hable 1)V tlu; orthodox
])r()e(!ssof whipping and the pillory.] — IvNidin's
En<i., vol. a, ch. 37, p. 431.
4465. PEINTINO, Suspicious. }f<i!jir. The
circumsUmcc which, of all others, most conduced
to the advancement and universal dissemination
of learning at this period was the admiral)le iii-
vention of the art of printing. Printing seems
to have becMi invented about the year 1440, at
Strasburg, by John Gut(!n})erg, but ccmsider-
ably improved by John Faust and Peter Scluif-
fer. This noble invention was, at its first ap-
])earanco, deemed so extraordinary that the .ser-
vants of John Faust, who cani(! to Paris to sell
some of Ids early publications, were accused of
magio, and the Parliament ordered all tiieir books
to !)(• committed to the Hames. It must be owned,
however, to the honor of Louis XI., that he con-
demned this decision of the Parisian judges, and
ordered the vahuiof the books to be jjaidto their
])ropvietors. — Tvtleh's Hist., liook (5, ch. 10,
p. 3r)3.
4466. PEI80NERS, Cruelty to. Enalaml. [In
1()37, the sheriff of London was .sent for to an-
swer a charge of having been kind to Mr. Prynne
as lu! passed on his way to jjri.son at (Carnarvon.
Mr. PryniU! had written a book against theatres.]
— Knioiit's EN(i., vol. 3, ch. 2(), p. 423.
4407. . " The Fleet:' Those i)ris-
oners who refu.sed to bear their opjjressions [from
extortionate and avaricious ke(!])ers] without re-
monstrance were put in irons, and were confined
in damp and loathsome dungeons. [In the same
city, a similar ])rison for debtors, the .Marshalsea,
disdo.sed similar enornuties.] Thumbscrews
and iron .skuU-cajis were here the received in-
strtmients of torture. Three hundr/d and thirly
prisoners were crowded into a fi!w narrow wards,
forty or fifty being locked wyi through the night
in a room sixteen feet stjuare. The prison allow-
ance was in.sudiciem to support life, and the do-
nations of the charitable wen^ intercejitt'd by the
scoundrels in authority. — Ivnioht's Eno. , vol. 6,
ch. 4, p. ef).
446§. PEI80NEES, Enslaved, Tndian. In
the prosecution of the war the colonists were ac-
tuated by a shamefid spirit of avarice. The ob-
ject was not so much to p\mi.sh or destroy the
■savages as to take them prisoners. A bounty
Fninee. Fr.ir.ce
ilhout legal trial
f designs ag.iinsl
;iven offence \i< ii
was offered for every captured Indian, and as
fast as the warriors were taken they were sold a j
slaves for the West Indies. The petty .strife con-
tinued for a year, and was then conclude<l with
a treaty of peace. — Uinr.vTUs V. S., ch. "i'S,
p. 232.
4460. PEIBONEES, Extortion from. Fleet, rfu
1730, in the management of the l-'lect, one of the
London debtors' jirisons [a system of fraud .iiid
extortion was laid bare by a coinnullee of Par-
liament], which showed how impossible it wa^
for any but the affluent prisoner to obtain the
lunnblest lodging and the coarsest food. Th"s,;
without money wen; handed over to " the c.im-
mon si<l(^ ;" too liappy if disease, engendenil by
filth and starvation, .soon released them fruiii
their nuseries. — Kmoiit's Y.s-i., vol. 6, ch. 4,
p. (i4.
4470. PEISONS of Tr "
liad many Mastilles, v
or sentence, men su>' ' '
the government, or w > li i
royal courtier or a royai :■ .i-T'ss, might be shut
u]) even to the end of tliiir days, under thi; au-
thority of a lettre de eaehet, llirough wliose mys-
terious agency they vanished out of society, luid
were as if dead. — Ivnk i r's E\(i., vol. 7, cii. 1»,
p. 171.
4471. PEIVACY of Conversation. Laeeilrmo-
niiui. [All the Lacedjemouian peojile ate tl.tir
daily food at the imblic tables. The follow i.i;^
custom i)revailed :j When they first entered, ;jiii
oldest man ])resent i)oiiited to the door, and s.iid,
JVot a word xpokeii in thin eoiiijKin;/ ijinx im; tJ, :■,•.
— Pi.iTAiu'ii"s Lyciuoi s.
4472. PEIVATI0N8, Ministerial. .h>hi, 11 >-
ley. Keturnlngfrom St. Hilary Downs, ^Mr. W i s-
leyaiid his assistant, John Nelson. stoi>i>ed to j'irk
blackberries. Wesley .said, " Mrother Ni l-i"M,
we ought to be thankfid that there are i)|eniy of
blackberries, tor this is the best counli'v 1 ever
saw for getting a stomach, but the worst 1 rvir
saw for getting food. Do the ]ieoplc think \\(!
can live by preaching?" Nelson rejilied. "I
know not what they may tliiidv : but one as!^r.l
me to eat something as I came finm St. .lu^i,
when I ate heartily of barley bread .-uid honey."
He .said. " Vouare well off ; I had a Ihougli' ol'
begging a crust of bread of the woman w liiri' I
nu't tlu; jieople at Morvah. but forgot ii till 1 ii id
got some distance from the house." — Sii;\ i;.\s'
Mkthodism, vol. 1, p. 1!»3.
4473. PEIVILEGES, Preeminent. Cnu'^'i.d
',f Sciithnul. [Hy King Edward 1. of ICnglanl]
The tiighlof i5rucelet't his followers at Edward's
nu'H^v. Noble after noble wasscnl totheblork.
The ivirl of Athole i)leaded kindi'cd with ro\ al-
ly. " His only privilege," burst foi'tli Ihekii.^'.
" shall be that of being hanged on a higher gal-
lows than the YVi\." — Hisr. of E.Nt;. Vv.'\\'\.\.,
5= 2i)2.
4474. PE0CF8SI0N, Funeral. Ali.i,nHly-!<.
Arida'us hiiving been deiiutial ... to lake upcui
himself the care of that solemnity, bad e.niilnyeil
two years in preparing everything that cnuid
pos.sibly render it the most pompous aiid splen-
did funcr.al that had ever been seen. When .all
things were ready . . . orders were given for
the procession to begin. This was precaaleil l,>y
a great nundier of pioneers and other workmen,
f:*?^«wpiSi!*«K'«!M«.*
b-iS
PKOCESSION— PROCRASTINATION.
i|
whose ollicc WHS to iiiiiki' all the ways pnictica-
ble throuKJi wiiicli the procession was to pass.
As soon as these were levelled, that nia/^niticeiit
(harlot, the invention and (lesiirn of which raised
as much admiration as the immense riches that
i^liltered all over it, .set out from Haliylon. The
liody of th(! chariot rested upon two axlelrees,
that were inserted into four wheels, made after
the i'ersian manner; the naves and spokes of
which were covered with yold, and the felloes
plated over with iron. The extremities of the
nxletrees were made of ^oM, representing^ tlu!
muz/.les of lions hitinir a dart. The chariot had
four poles, to eacli of which were harnessed four
sets of mules, each .set, consistin.i; of four of those
iinimals ; so that this chariot was drawn hy si.\-
ly four mules. 'I'lie stronirest of those creatures
and the laru'est were chosen on this occasion.
They were adoriu'd with crowns of ijold, and
collars enriclu'd with precious stonesand golden
liells— RoM.iNs IIisT., Hook HI, ^ 8.
1175. FBOCESSION, Royal, (imk Empefov'i^.
'I'he rites of ])olicy were (!Oiniected with those of
rciii^ion, and his visits to the principal churches
were reifulated by the festivals of the Greek cal-
endar. On the cvu of these processions, tlu; gra-
cious or devout intention of tlie monarch was
proclaimed by the heralds. The streets wen;
cleared and i)uri(i(!(l ; the pavement was strewed
with tlow(.'rs ; the most precious furidture, the
gold and silver i)late, and silken hangings, were
displaye(l from the windows and balconies, and
11 s(ver<' discipline restrained and silenced the tu-
mult of the popidace. The march was opened
by the military oltlccrs at the head of their troops ;
they:\vere followed in long order b}' the magis-
trates and ministers of the civil government ; the
person of the emperor was guarded by liis eu-
nuchs and domestics, and at tlie church door he
was solemnly received by the patriarch and his
clergy. The task of applause was not abandon-
ed to the rude and spontaneous voices of the
crfiwd. Th(! most convenient stations were oc-
cupied by the bands of the blu(! and green fac-
tions of the circus ; and their furious conflicts,
which had shaken the capital, were in.sensibly
sunk to an emulation of .servitude. From either
side they echoed in responsive melody the praises
of the emperor ; t heir poets and musicians direct-
ed the choir, and long life and victory were the
burden of every song. The same acclamations
were performed at the aiidience, the bancpiet,
and the church ; and, as an evidence of bound-
less sway, they were repeated in the; Latin, Goth-
ic, Persian, French, and even English language,
by the mercenaries who sustained the real or
fictitious character of those nations. — Giishon's
lioMi';, ch. ."):{, ]). ;{,-)8.
1476. PROCESSION, Triumphant. Roiiutii Eia-
jH'riir AareUiiii. Since the foundation of Home,
no general had more nobly deserved a triumph
than Aurelian ; nor wasa triunii)h ever celebrat-
dl with superior pride and magnilicence. The
]iomit w;i- ojjcned by twenty elephants, four roy-
al tige;s, and above two hundred of the most
<iirious animals from every climate of the North,
the i'itsi, and the iSouth.' They were followe(i
by sixt(!en hundred gladiators, devoted to the
cruel amus(!inent of the amphitheatre. The
wealth of Asia, the armsand ensigns of so many
conquered nations, and the magruiicent plate tind
wardrobe of the Syrian (piei'ii, were disposed In
exact synunetry or artful di.sorder. 'I'heandjas-
.sadors of the most remote i)arts of the earth, of
• Ktiiiopia, Arabia, Persia, Bactriana, ln<lia, and
China, all remarkable by their rich or singular
dresses, displayed the fame and i)ower of the
lioman Emperor, who expo.sed likewise to the
jiublic view the presents that ho Inid received,
and i)articularly a great mnnber of crowns of
gold, the oirerings of grateful cities. Tlu; victo-
ries of Aurelian were attested by the long train
of cai)tives who reluctantly attentled his triumph,
Goths, X'andals, Sarnialians, Alemanni, Franks,
(}aids, Syrians, and Egyptians. Each peoi)le
was distinguished by its peculiar inscription, and
the title of Amazons was bestowed on ten mar-
tial heroines of th<' Gothic nation who had been
taken in arms, Mut every eye, disregarding the
( rowd of captives, was "lixed on tlie Emi)eror
Tetricus and the Queen of \\w. East. The for-
mer, as well as his son, whom lie had created
Augustus, was dressed in Gallic trousers, a saf-
fron tunic, and a robe of purple. The beaute-
ous ligure of Zenobia Wiis confined by fetters of
gold ; a slave supported the gold chain which
encircled her neck, and she almo.st fainted under
the intolerabie weight of jewels. Slu^ preceded
on foot the maginficeiit chariot, in which .shi;
once ho])ed to enter the gates of Rome. It was
followed by two other chariots, still more suinj)
tuous, of Odenatlnis and vd' the Persian mon
arch. The trium])hal car of Aurelian (it had
formerly been u.setl by a Gothic king) was drawn,
on this memi-rable occasion, either by four stags
or by four elephants. The most illustrious of
the Senate, the jx'ople, and the army, clo.sed tlm
.solemn procession. So long and .so various was
the ])omp of Aurelian's trlumi)h that although
it openeil with the dawn of day, the slow majes-
ty of the ])rocession ascended not the Capitol be-
fore the ninth hour; and it was already dark
when the emperor returned to the palace. The
4'estival was protracted by theatrical representa-
tions, the games of the circus, the hunting of
wild beasts, combats of gladiators, and naval en-
gagements. — GiiiBoN's Rome, ch. ."j;}, p. 359.
4 177. PROCRASTINATION, Fatal. ArcMas.
Pelo])idas, with eleven of his friends in the dis-
guise of peasants, entered the city [of Thebes] in
the dusk of the evening, and joined the rest of
the conspirators in the house of a prini'ijial citi-
zen, of the name of Charon. Philidas, who act-
ed as secretary to the polemarchs or chief magis-
trates of Thebes, was, secretly, a steady friend
to the design, and had purpo.sely invited the
chiefs of the oligarchy and the princiiial oi the
S|)artan commanders to ii magnificent supper at
his house, where, as a part of the entertainment,
he promised to regale his guests with the com-
l)any of some of the handsomest of the Theban
courtesans. While the guests, warm with wine,
eagerly called for the introduction of tlu; ladies,
a courier arrived from Athens, and brought a
letter to Archias, the chief governor, desiring it
to be instantly read, as containing important
business. " This is no time," said the voluptu-
ary, " to trouble us with business ; weshall con-
sider of that to-morrow." This letter contained
a full discoveiy of the i)lot. Meantime Pelopi-
das and hiscompanioiis, dres.sed in female attire,
ciitci-cd the li:ill. :inil cacii drawinga dagger from
PUODKJALITY— PROFKSSION.
r.-.'o
under his i-oIh', nmsHiicrcd llic governor iiiid the
wliolu of tlic Spartan olliccrs, before lliey had
lime to ifand upon tlieir defence. — Tyti, Kit's
IIiHT., Booii 2, ell. 3, p. 102.
4478. PBODIOALITT checked, lit/ Iiixtnir-
tioii, |,Ianu-8 I. was ifrnorantly lavish of his fa-
vors. He j^ave Uohert Carr an order on the
lord treasurer for t^O.tKM) ; but the treasurer,
apprehending;! that the kini; wasii^noraiit of the
worth of what was demanded, as of the person
who had be^jired it [placed the i'^O.OIH) in
specie upon the floor of a room to which the
king was conung]. " Whose money is this V"
said James. " Jt wasyctur ^Majesty's before you
gave it away." The king threw himself u])on
the lieap, and swon^ that ("arr should liave no
more than a few hundred pounds. — Knkiut's
Eno., vol. ,{, ch. 22, p. ;{-H.
4479. PEODIQALITY encouraged. }iiiiiioii/>.
Philosophers ros(' to tell the prodigal great that
they were in the right course, for that privat(!
vices were public benefits ; and so, in very
charily to the provider of luxuries, the country
.s(puro became a rakt; upon tla^ town, and his es-
tates went to ruin, and all " his poor depenclents
felt the curse of his licentiousness." — Knujut's
K.Nd., vol. ."), ch. 4, J). 49.
44§0. PROFANITY irrepressible. WaKhing-
tnn. [The advance of the army was in retreat at
Monmouth by the cowardice and incai)acity of
Oeneral l.,ee, its commander.] The chief was ex-
asperated. . . . When he met Lee, he exclaimed,
in tierce tones, " Wliat is the meaning of all this,
sir Y" Lee hesitated a moment, when, according
to Lafayette, th(' aspect of Washington became
terrible, and he again demanded. "1 desire to
know the meaning of this disorder and confu-
sion !" The fiery liCe, stung by Washington's
manner, made an angry reply, when the chief,
unable tocontrol himself, caU'ed him " adanmed
poltroon." " This," .said Lafayette, . . . "was
the oidy time 1 ever heard (Jeneral Washington
swear." — Cistis' W.^siiinoton, vol. 1, ch. 5.
44il. PROFANITY punished. P>iril<i>,s. [In
ICoiJ profaners were i)tUMshe(l by the officers of
the law. I Swearing had been a .statutable crime
since the time of .lames L, but the extreme Pu-
ritans it only visited iirofane cur.sing with tine
and till stocks, but punislied even such as fol-
lowed Lady Percy's example of "(Jood .sooth ;"
and " God shall mend me," " Plagui; lake you,"
was fineable. — K.NKiiiT's Knc;., vol. 4, ch. 11,
p. 17:J.
44»«a. PROFANITY, Ruinous. IMrxpicrre.
The " Fete de I'Lire Supreme "... was a the-
atrical exhibition of very (|ues!i()iiable taste, in
which Robespierre, as president of the conven-
tion, i)layed the part of high-priest, with ill-con-
cealed self-exaltation and trium])h. At this iiio-
m(>nt the tyrant may i)e said to have attained the
summit of his extraordinary fortunes ; and, by
a strange fatidity, it was on this occasion that the
first secids were sown of that hostile coalition
which in the course of a few weeks was to achieve
his nun. (ircat dissatisfaction wa.s excited by the
pre eminence assumed at the festival by Robes-
pierre! over his colleagues. Various threatening
hints were dropped in his hearing : " It is but a
step from the Capitol to the Tar])eian Rock,"
.said one ; " He would accustom the republic to
adore some one, in order to make Idmself ador-
ed by and by," exclaimed another. — STtnKNTs'
FiiANCi-:, ch. 27, i;tl.
44§3. PROFANITY, Suppression of. Chri,tt,>.
p/icr \[ nil. When Sir ( hristopher Wren was
biulding St. Paul's Cathedral, he caused Itie fol-
lowing notice to be allixed to several parts of
th(! struetui'e ; " Whereas, among laborers and
others, that ungodly custom of swearing is so
friMpienlly heard, to llu^ dishonor of God and
contempt of His authority ; and to the end that
such impiety imiy be utterly banished from these
works, which an; intended for the service o''
God and the honor of religion, it is ordered that
profane swearing shall be a suHicienl <'rime to
disnuss any laborer that comes to the call ; and
th(! clerk of the works, u|)on a sullicieiit i>roof,
shall disnuss him accordingly ; and that if any
master, working by task, shall not, upon admoni-
tion, reform the profanation among his appren-
tices, serva;its, and laborers, it shall be con-
strued his fault, and he shall be liable to be cen-
sured by the commissioners."
4I«4. PROFESSION, Choice of. Arriil, nUiI.
It was by accident that [.lulius] Cicsar took up
the i)rofession of a soldier ; yet perhai)s no <'om-
mander who ever lived showed greater military
genius. The conciucst of Gaul was by a force
numerically insignificant, which was worked
with the precision of a machine. The variety of
uses to winch it was capable of being turned im-
l)lied, in the first place, extraordinary fore-
thought in the selection of materials. Men
whose nominal duty was merely to light were
engineers, architects, mechanics of the highest
order. In a few hours they could extemporize
an impregnable fortress on an ojjcn hill-side.
The}' bridgc'd the Rhine in a week. They built
a fleet in a month. The legions at Alesia held
twice their n\in\l)er pinned within their works,
I while they kept at bay the whole force of insur-
gent Gaul, entirely by scientific superiority.
i The machiiu!, which was thus perfect, wascom-
] posed of human beings who re(i\iired supplies
of tools, and arms, and clothes, and fofxl, and
shelter, and forall the.se it de])ended on thf forc-
thought of its commander. — FuorDKs ('.ksak,
ch. 28.
44§5. PROFESSION by Coercion. T)r. Amlmr:
Coiiibc. Although he had cho.sen to be "u doc-
tor," when finally asked " what he would be,"
his answer . . . was, " I'll no be naething." He
would give no further answer ; and, after all
kinds of " fleechin' " and persuading were tried,
he had at length lobe curriidhy foice out of the
house to begin his professional career ! [ Hetwcen
his father and brother he was carried] several
hundred yards before he would put his feet to the
ground. — S.mii,i:s' Hiiii:i-' Hioou.mmiiks, p. 3()9.
44CI6. PROFESSION, Hereditary. Kr/i/iitianK
All professions in Hgyi)t were liereditary, a pUcv
of policy . . . which desovcs nuich more to l)e
condennied than applauded. If the san>e disixisi-
tions and the same talents descended invariably
from father to >on, we might agree with >I. Ros-
I suet in holding it ])resumid)le that luen would ex-
ecute in greater i)erfection what they had always
seen done, and what had been their sole em[)l<)y-
ment from infancy ; but daily experience shows
that neither taleiUs nor inclinali>.us are invariably
hereditary, and therefore the argument is futile.
■.yo
PHOFEHSION— PHOGKESS.
. :.
1
!!
But not only wore ull profesHions licreditarv
ainuag tills people ; the rank and dignity of cacli
\v;ls most smiptdoiislv setlicfl, nor could any cnii-
ucMice of nuTit or of fortunu entitle an individ-
ual to higher resiject or honor than what belonged
to the meanest of his class ; a policy repressive of
all emvdalion, and of that generous ambition on
wliich every sju'cies of excellence depends ;
■while, at the same time, it was a fertile source of
jealousy, animosity, and disunion. — TYTi.Ku'a
jIist., Booli 1, eh. 4, p. 4().
4.ISr. PROFESSION ignored. Ufit/n of C/utrhn
If Any lad of nolile liirth, any dissolute cour-
tier for whom one of the king's mistresses
would speak a word, might hojje that ii ship of
llie line, and with it the honor of the country
and the lives of hundreds of bi'ave men, would
be committed to his care. It mattered not that
he bad never in his life taken a voyage except on
tlie Thames ; that be could not keep Ids feet in a
bree/.e ; that he did not know the difference be-
tween latitude and longitude. No previous train-
ing was thought necessary ; or, at most, he was
Sent to make a short trip in ii man-of-war, where
he was subjected to no discipline, where he was
mated with marked respect, and where heliveil
in a round of revels and amusements. If, in the
intervals (if feasting, drinking, and gambling, ho
succeeded in learning the meaning of a few tech
iii'.al phrases and the names of the points of the
compass, he was fully qualified to take charge
of a three-decker. — Macaulay's Emi., ch. 3,
].. L'81.
44§§. PROFESSION', A suspiciotts. liei(/n oj-
,1(1 iiics II. [Pledges of supjiort were sent to Will-
iam Prince o*' Orange, if he would come from
ll'iUaud and deliver England from the oppres-
sions of James.] Lord . . . Churchill, in a letter
written with a certain elevation of language,
wiiich was the sure mark that he was going to
( ' inmit a baseness, declared that he was deter-
iiiined to perform his duty to Heaven and to his
< oimtry, and that he put his honor absolutely
iiUo the bands of the Prince of Orange. William
doubtless read those words with one of those bit-
ti-r and cynical smiles which gave bis face its
least jileasing expression. It was not his business
To lake care of the honor of other men ; nor had
I he most rigid casuist pronounced it unlawful in
a L'eneral to invite, to use, and to reward the ser-
vices of deserters whom he could not but despise.
~.Macai-i,av'sEn()., ch. 9, p. 407.
4-i§9. PROFITS, Eagerness for. Tohdcro.
Hitherto the labor of theseltlers bad been direct-
eii to the planting of vineyards and to the manu-
facture of potash, sua]), glass and tar. The man-
agers of the London ('om|)any had at last learned
that these articles could be i)roduced more
cheaply in EuroiJC than in America. They had
also discovered that there were certain jjroducts
I)ecu]iar to the New World which might be raised
and exported with great profit. Chief among
such native ]in)ducts was the plant called tobac-
co, the use of which had already becomv fashion-
able in Spain, England, and France. This, then,
became the leading stai)]e of the colony, and was
even used for money. So entirely did the settlers
give them.selves to the cidtivation of the famous
weed that the very streets of .Jamestown witc
])loughed up and ])lanted with it. — Hidi'ATIi's
L'. S., ch. 11, p. lOO.
4400. PROFLIGATE, Royal, (^iieen of Spain.
King Charles IV. was a gluttonous ohl man. Im-
becile ill mind, impotent in action, dissolute in
life. He was utterly despised. His wife, Louisa
Maria . . . was as shameless a proHigatc as could
be found in any dwelling of infamy in Spain.
Manual Godoy . . . was one of the bodyguard of
the king. . . . He sang iK-autifully ... the queen
sent for him to the palace ; lavished uixm him
wealth and honors, and surrendered her husband,
the government, and her own person without re-
serve, into his hands. . . . The imbecile old king
. . . acciuiesced in this arrangement. — Auhott's
Nai'oi.icon H., vol. 2, ch. 1.
4101. PROGRESS Checked. Faviily. It is re-
corded that the man who picked up the body [of
William II., who had been accidentally shot in
the forest in 1100], was a (charcoal-burner, of the
name of Purkess, living in the village of Min-
stead, in the forest, and that on his vavi was the
corpse removed to Winchester. In that village
in 1843 we saw the name of Purke.ss ovcjra little
shop ; and Mr. Stewart Uose, who held an ottice
in the forest, records that the charcoal-burner's
descendanis have always lived in this villag*-,
where they still live, the possessors of one horse
and cart, and no more. — Knight's liNO., vol. 1,
ch. Ifl, p. 281.
440'2. PROGRESS by Competition. Imae New-
ton. [He had vaiuiuished an insolent bully in a
tist-fight. See No. 179.] The next morning,
however, he had again the mortitication of seeing
his enemy at the head of the class, while lie oc-
cupied his usual place at the foot. He began to
reflect. Could he regard himself in the light of
a victor while his foe lorded it over him in the
school-room ? The applauding shouts of his
school-fellows had been grateful to his ears, Ijut
his enemy enjoyed the apju'oval of the teacluM'.
The laurels of the play-ground .seemed to fade; in
comparison with tlie nobler triumphs of the
min(i. The result of his retIe(!tions was that he
determined to conquer his adversary again by
getting to the head of his class. From that limt?
he became as studious as he had before been
idle, and soon attained the .second place. Along
and severe struggle ensued lietween him and his
adversary for tlie first, in the course of which
each trium])hed in turn ; but, at length, Lsaac
Newton remained permanently at the head, He
never relapsed into idleness. He was a student
(henceforth to the end of his life of nearly eiglity-
tive years. — (hii.orEinA ok Bioo., p. 24f).
4403. PROGRESS by Development. Form
Stiifk: The average weight of the ox and the
sheep has been doubled since the beginning of
the eiirhteenth century. — Knioiit'.s Eno., vol. 7,
ch. 1,']). 12.
4404. PROGRESS, Feeble. Syriam—Egyp-
liiiiix. [The slothful effeminacy of the former ex-
l)osed them to the contempt, the sullen ferocious-
ness of the latter excited the aversion, of thecon-
((uerors. Those nations had submitted to the
Uoman power, but they .seldom desired or de-
served the freedom of the city ; and it was re-
marked, that more than two hundred and thirty
years elai)sed. after the ruin of the Ptolemies, be-
fore an Egyptian was admitted into the Senate
of Home.]— (tIMMon's Komk, ch. 1, \^. 46.
4405. PROGRESS, Hopeless. E-rphrers. [Sir
William Parry in the Polar Sea.] At last, how-
PUOOUESS— PROM ISKS.
531
cvor, II (liMlciilty iirosc wliicli wan wliolly in-
siirinotinlalilc l)y lucrliil po-cr. Soon iiflcr llicy
liiui reached tolenilily Hriii ice, ovi-r wliicli tliey
could draw their Hleds with C()nii)arativc! ease,
a slroiifj, steady north wind met Iheni, whicli
rendered tiieir inarcli exceedingly fatiguing.
'I'hiH tiiej' could have endured, but inmgine
their (liHuiay when they discovered that this
wind was hlowing the whole mass of ivv toward
tile south faster than Ihey could march north-
ward. As long as possihle Captain l-'arry con-
(■e;tle<l this crushing fact from the men ; l)ul
wlien, at the end of laborious and distressing
days, he found that they were actually farther
fromtlic I'ole than in the morning, he \vas com-
l)elled to disclose the se(;r('t, and retrace his steps.
'I'hey had travelled, sinci! leaving the shij), si.x
hundred and sixty-eight miles, ami had oidy
made one hundred and seventy-two miles. They
reached the ship sixty-one days after leaving
her, anil soon after sailed for Kngland. — Cvci.o-
i'i;i)i.v OK IjKk;., p. ;}H{(.
•1400. PROOBESS, Human, (iinnuiii/. 'IMie
most civilized nations of modern Euro|)e issued
from the woods of (jrerma'iy ; and in the ru(l<'
institutions of those liarliarians we may still dis-
tinguish the original ]irinciples of our present
laws and manners. — (JiitnoN's Uomi:, ch. !(,
4197. FROGBESS ignored. (Unnii-K T. It may
he allowed, on an impartial estimate of the chai-
acterand |)ersonid (pialities of Charles 1., that
had the nation in his reign entertained no higher
ideas of tlii^ liberty of the subject, or of the pow-
ers of ])ariiainent, tlian those which jirevailed
during the two [ireceding centiu'ies, this ])rince
Would have, reigned with high i)opidarity. It
was liis misfortune to till the llu'onc of England
at the ])eriodof this remarkable crisis in the pub-
lic opinions, iuid to be educated in the highest
notions of the )iowers of the crown at the time
when those usurped powers were .pistly doomed
to come to an end. It was his misfortune, too,
tiiat with many good disiiositions, and a very
large share of mental eiHlowments, he waiUed
that political prudence which should have taught
him to yield to the necessity of the times, and
that it was wiser to abandon a little of tiiat ])ow-
er which he conceived to be his right, than, by
olistinately maintiuiung it to its ui-most extent,
to risk an entire de])riva1ion of it. — 'i'vri,i;u's
IfisT., l}()ok (), ch. 2!», p. 2!»S.
44Ȥ. PBOHIBITION, Colonial, Bdrons .U-
Kt'ifi.hli/. [The reform iissembly of Virginia, 1()T(I. |
The cluirch aristocracy was broken up . . . the
hale of wine and ardent, s|)irits was absolutely
jirohibited, if not at Jamestown, yet otherwi.se
through the wliole country . . . two of tlie mag-
isti'ates, notorious for raising county taxes for
their jjrivate gains, were disfranchised. — B.w-
cuoi-'t's U. S., vol. 'I. ch. 14.
44»». PROHIBITION, Incipient. .AV/r ,/« /wy/.
In NoveniI)erof KiSl, Jennings, the di'i>uty-gov-
ernor of West Jersey, convened the first general
assembly of the province. The men who had so
worried the aristocracy of f^ngland by wearing
their hats in the ]iresence of great men, and by
saying " thee" and " thou" now met together to
mak(! their own laws. The code was brief and
simi>le. 'I'he sale of ardent sniiits to
by the representatives of the people. The laii(lf<
of the Indians should be lu'ipiired by honorabli*
purchase. Finally, a criminal— ludess a murder-
er, a traitor, or a thief — ndghl be pardoned by
the person against whom the oll'enc<' was commit-
ted. —Kidi'.vtii's L', S., ch. ',M. J). 20(1.
4500. PROHIBITION, Ineflfective. (\>b>„!i of
(lioniiii. Another regulation which prohibited
the introduction of ardent spirits could not be
enforced; it led only toclandesiiiK; trallic. [The
colonists were chielly i)oor people, debtors, and
])ersecuted Protestants.] — IJ.wcuokt'.s U. S.,
vol. ;{, ch. 2A.
4501. PROHIBITION, Plea for. Dutch and
fiuli'iiiiK. .\.i). \(\4'2. Tiie trader did not learn
humanity', nor the savage forget revenge ; th(f
son of a chief, stimg by the conviction of having
been defrauded and robbed, aimed an unerr-
ing arrow at the first Hollander cxpo.sed to his
fury. A deputation of river chiel'tains hasten-
ed to express their .sorrow ; . . . they olVered to
purchase security for the murderer by a fine
for blood. . . . " Viai yourselves," they added,
"are the cause of this evil ; you oughtiiot cra/.e
the y(>ung Indiiuis with brandy. Your own
people, when drunk, tight with kiuves, and do
foolish things ; and you caimot ])revent nds-
chief till you cease to sell strong drink to the;
Indians,"— B.vnckokt's U. S., vol. 2, ch. 1").
I50a. PROHIBITION, Protection by, Cohniaf.
The colony of Georgia [established as a refuge
for the poor) interdicted the imi)ortation of
s])irituous li(pi{)rs. The cap of Liberty wa.s on
its seal, and its motto — \ou xihi ni'd iiliin, Not
for themselves, but others — declared the philan-
thropic purpose of its projijctors. — StI'IVKNs"
.M. E. ("iiiitcii, vol. 1, p. '2'i.
450;i. PROHIBITION resisted. Amn'iciu, Tml-
iiniK. Prohibitory laws were hardly sanction-
ed by savage opinion. The wild man liales r(!-
slraint, and loves to do wiiat is right in his own
eyes. — IJ.wcuokt's V. S., vol. 8, ch. 22.
4504. PROMISES, Broken, Qmrit }fan/. [In
ir),")!», when Mary Qnecn of Scots was remimled
by the leading reformers of her i)romises of tol-
eration, she replied :| Promises ought not to Ix;
urged upon princes mdess they can conveniently
till them. — Knkuit's Esc,., vol. ;5, ch. S, p. US.
4505. PROMISES, Deceptive. 7'" llnrtirx. [Lu-
ther went to Worms to meet liis accusers, and
was ])i'omi.sed safe-conduct.] The Papists, on
the other hand, sought to |)ersuade his Imperial
Majesty to seize Luther and to put him to death.
They adduced the exam])le of .lohn IIu.ss, and
said, " To a heretic one is under no obligation,
either to grant a safe-conduct or to kee]) it." Hut
the l'>mi)eror Charles ]\'.J replied, " Whatever
])romise has been made nuist be fnltilled." —
ki:i.N's Li'Tiiiou, ch. !•, p. S.').
4506. PROMISES, Regard for. Romnitx. The
goddess of Faith (of luimanaiul social faith) was
worshipped, not only in her temples, but in tla;
lives of the Romans ; and if that nation was de-
ficient in the more amiable qualities of benc^vo-
lenee and generosity, the}' astonished the Greeks
by their sincere and simple i)erformance of t!io
most burdensome engagements. Yet among the
same peoi)le, according to the rigid maxims of
le. The sale of ardent spirits to the Red ; the patricians and decemvirs, a nahrd purt, a
was prohibit(Ml. Taxes should be voted ■ |)romise, or ;'ven an oath, did not create any civil
6:3 -^
n{()M()TI()N-I»I{()MI»TNKSS.
■
I
ol)li;;iili()ii, unless it wns riiiitlriiiiMl hy llic 1(',!j:!i1
form of a uli/ni/iit/Dii. Wlmtcvcr iiii^lil lie tin-
t'tyiiioloy;y of tlic Ijiitiii word, it cotivcycd the
idcii of a tirin and IrrcvocaMc contract, which
was always expressed in llie nio<h' of a ijiiestion
(iiid answer. " Do you promise to pay me 1(10
jiicces of iroid ?" was tiie solemn interro^nition of
Seius. •• 1 do promise," was the reply of Seni-
protnus. — (fiiinoNs Komi;, eh, 1 1, p. :Jt).").
4>'i07. PROMOTION earned. (Ininuil (/runt.
(lovernor Allies, of his Stale, . . . put him on his
slalT as adjutant, to assist him in arranirinL; the
(piota of the Slate. . . . Me accpiitted himself
so well, that when Ijiieoln sent on to the ,u:o\-
ernor lo forward two names from the Stale for
the iHisition of iiriiradier L;cneral. the latter jiro-
posed to (}rant toscnd him on. Uut Iw (h'clineil,
s.'iyinu: he preferred lo earn his promotion, lie.
however, accepted the colonelcy of the Twenty-
first Keniment. ... On the Ttli of .Vuirust, , . .
18(11. he received his appointment as hriuadier-
freiieral. — IIi;m)1,i;v's (ii;nki!.\i, (Jk.wi', p. 47.
450H. PROMOTION, Jocose. Xu /»,/<, >ii f. [Na-
poleon w.-is the second to cross the hridii'e at
Lodi.] Some of the velerimsof the army, imme-
diately after the liatlh'. met lou'cllicr, and jocosely
promoted their i^encral, who had so distiniruished
himself by liravery, and who was so juvenile in
liis appearance, to the rank of corpoiiil. When
Napoleon next ai)peared upon the tiehl lie was
.irrceted with enthusiastic shouts hy the whole
army. " I/iiiii' live our little corporal I" . . . and
never lost . . . this honorary and aiVection-
nle nickname. — AnnDTr's X.m'oi.iion ]}., vol. 1,
eh. 5.
'I50ft. PROMOTION, Loss by, S,i/>ini/itnx. [One
of the thirty tyrants.] When the clamor of the
soldiers invested the reluctant victims with the
cnsii^ns of sovcreiii'ii aulhority, they sometimes
mourned in secret their jipproachinn' fate. " You
have lost," .said Sal urn in us, on the day of his ele-
vation—" you lia\e lost a useful comm;uider, and
you have made a very wretched emperor. " — (}i n-
"itoNs Komi;, eh. 10.' ]>. ;{',>4.
4510. PROMOTION, Offensive, liomini Sciki-
torx. .lulius Ca-sar . . . increjised the number of
the senate to nine hundred, lilliiui; its ranks from
eminent provincials, introducinir e\'en harha-
rian (Jauls, and, still worse, lihertini, the sons of
liherated slaves, who had risen to distinction hy
their own merit. The new memliers came in
.slowly, and it is needless to say were unwillitiirly
received ; a iirivale handbill was sent round rec-
ommendiniT lh<' coldest of u-rcetinirs to them. —
FiuM'i)i;'s ('.i;s\i!. ch. 'Jli.
4511. PROMOTION, Providential. (,>""" ^-'''/j-
o/x'tJi. [DiuiiihtiM-of Henry Vlll.] Tradition still
l)oints out the tree in iratlield Park beneath
which lOli/.abeth was sittiiii; when she received
the news of her peaceful accession to the throne.
She fell on her knees, and drawini; a lon^j breath,
exclaimed ;it last. "It is the Lord's doiiiir, and
it is marvellous in our eyes." Tolhelast these
words rem.iined stamix'd on the ixolden coina^'e
of tiie queen. — Hist, ok Hn(.. I'koi'I.i;, ^ (t!»'2.
4512. PROMOTION, Remarkable, ('roiiHnll.
The storm is up in I'^iiirland. and Oliver has be-
come ,a marked man ; he probably knows that
lie will have to take a prominent i)art in tlie af-
fairs of the kimrdom. Hall we awhile to reflect
I on this. Tills obscure man, lone Knf,disli farmer,
imtitled, unwealthy, no irracc of inanner to in
troduce himself, unirainly in speech ami in ac
I lion, unskilled in war, unused to the arts of
j courts and the cabals of senates and lejjislators—
this man whose life had passed altojrellier with
farmeis and reliuicais-ininded men, was, at al-
I most a bound, to leap lo the hi;;hest place in lli(>
people's army, Lrraspin^^ the baton of the mar
slial. This man nniis to strike the suc<e.ssful
1 blows on the field, sliiverinj;' to i)ieces the kiii;.'--
ly power in the land ; himself was to assume the
trunclieoii of the Dictator; was to sketch the
niiiline of laws, of home and foreiirn policry,
I which all succeedini:' leaislators were to attempt
I to embody and imitate ; was to wrinj; conces-
[ sions to his power from the most liauf;:hly mon-
archies of ancient feudal Kiiro|)e, and to bearup,
' in arms. Knj;land, fast dwiiidlinji; into cuntempt,
to the very foremost ])lace amoni; the nations;
was to produce throughout the world homafie
j to the I'rotestant relinion, makin<r before his
! name the fameai'd terror of (Justavus, of Henry
[ I\"., of Zisca, to dwindle and look pale. And
this with no ])restiii-e of birtli or education. Is
; it too much, then, to call him the most royal act-
or iMiii'land, if not the world, has produccMJ ?—
' Hoon's Ckomwki.i., cli, '2. p. 47.
I 15151. PROMOTION, Unexpected, Vrominll
Xo doubt Cromwell was amazed al the lofty ele-
i vjition to which he ascended ; for lie commenced
his ])ublic career without any plan ; he threw him-
self, and his fortunes, and his life into the scale
ajrainsi the kinir, and on the side of the jieople.
He was at that time a plain country yeoman.
We do not believe that he had any ambition other
than to serve the cause with ti brave, pure heart.
( 'ould he, w hose unnoticed days had been jiassed
by a farmer's iiiiile, .see gleaniinu; before his eyes
a crown, which he miuht refuse V ('(add he, who
had si)ent his later years in following the plou^di,
dream that he should draw the sword, only to
liiid himself at last the ••reatesl ifeneral of his
own au'c, and one of thi' greatest soldiers of any
aije '! Well niiirht he say. " Oiif mirr iiioiiiitu >«>
hiijlt iiK ir/i( II line iUiCH iiat kiniir irjicri' oiii- in ijn-
iii;/." It is the sublime of human ))hilosophy
and character to bealile tosay this; it is faith in
Providence and in destiny alone which c.'in say
this. — Hooii's Chomwki.i., ch. 1, p. 21.
1511. PROMPTNESS, Success by. ClunhxXII.
Three i)owerful enemies joined in a leai^uetoop
l)ress him. Sweden was then in possession of tlu'
territories of Estonia and Livonia ; and Charh s
.XL, hisfathei'. had violated the i)rivile!j;es of the
lii\-oiii;uis. which they had asserted liy a deputa-
tion, al the luad of which wasa nobleman of tlie
name of P.alkul, \\ ho had incensed the monarch
by too bold a remonstrance in fax'orof the liber-
ties of his country ; he was condemned to death,
but he escaped, and denounced a siirnal veil-
,!.;('ance against the Kim,'- of Sweden ; he found
means to ])ersuade .Vuirustus, Kinirof I'oljuid, and
the c/„'ir, Peter, that they had now an o|)portuni-
ty of recoverinii', durin<r the weakness of that
monarchy, all the provinces they had formerly
lost. They were joined by Frederick IV,, Kin.;;'
of Denmark, and it was not doubted that Swe-
den would fall a victim to so formidable an alli-
ance. . . . It was the o|,;nion of Charles' coun-
sellors th;it a neu'otiation should be set on foot
PIIOOF— PUOPKin'V
r):{3
icr,
ill
lie
of
S
itii
III
lie
iir
Kill
ii.ir-
toiiv(Tlili(i iiii|)('ii(liii^niiii ; l)ut Ilickiii^liiinHcIf
iiistaiilly f^iivc ordrr.s lo jjrcpiin^ for war. ' ' I simll
iittiick lli(! first," said he, " who dcclarcM af;ainst
luc, iiiid l)y d(;f<!atiii;; him, I liopc to intiiiiidatc
the rest." From tliat time CharlcH dedicated his
life toaMcriesof fali^iicM and daiij;erH, and en-
joyed not a moment of ease or relaxation. — 'I'vr-
i.Ku's Hist., Hook ((, ell. :(.">, ]). 477.
4515. PROOF of Intentions. ('fii>j„itni. [An-
tony was suspicious that slu- nd<;lit |)(>ison him,
and re({uired his food lo he lasted at her han-
<luetM. I She employed a very e.Mraordinary
method to mak(! him sensihle how ill-found''d his
fears were;, and at lh(^ same lime, if she hail so
Imd an intention, how inefreclual all the i)recau-
tions he. took would lie. Slie caused thee.xtrem-
ilies of the llowers to hi- jioisoned, of which the
wreaths, worn by Antony and herself at tahie,
acoordinjf to tiio (;ustom of the ancients, wens
<'omi)os(^d. When their heails hej^an to ^n'ow
warm with wine, in the Indirlit of their frayety,
Cleopatra i>rop()sed to Antony to drink oil' lliosi!
llowers. lie made nodillicully ; and, after hiivinu;
j)hick(!d olT till! ends of his wreath with his fin-
j^ers, and thrown them into his cu]) tilled with
wine, he was upon the ])oint of driniiinfj it, when
the (pieen, tiikin<^ hold of his arm, said to him.
" I am th(! poisoner apunst whom you lak(! such
nuj^hty precaution. If it were possiliU; for m(! to
]iv(! witluait you, jud^e now whether 1 wanted
fither the opportunity or means for such an ac-
tion." llavinir ordered a prisoner, condemned
to die, to he liroui^ht thither, she made him drink
that li(iuor, upon which he died immediately. —
U()I,i,in's Hist,, Hook ','4, i; ;5.
4516. FR0PERT7, Conservatism of. Jnincs-
toirii doloHji. Tlu! jjrealcst change in the condi-
tion of the colonists resulted from the incipient
establishment of (irivate ()r(>perly. Toeadi man
a few ac.'res of ground wen; assigned for his or-
chard and to plant at liis pleasure and for his
own u.se. So long as industry had been without
its special reward, reluctant labor, wasteful of
tinu', had biu'ii followed bv want. — H.XNcitoKT's
Hist, ok U. S., vol. 1, ch. 4.
4517. PROPERTY, Hereditary. HoiiKtii Tairs.
The jurisprudence of the Romans ai)pe»rs to
liave deviated from the ('(piality of nature nuich
less than the .lewisli, the Athenian, or the Kng-
lish institutions. On the death of a citizen all
his descendants, unless they were already freed
from his paternal i)ower, were called to the in-
heritance; of his jio.s.sessions. The insolent i)re-
rogativi! of primogeniture was unknown ; the
two .sexes were i)laced on a just level ; all tlu'
.sons and daughters were entitled to an equal por-
tion of the j)atrimonial estate ; and if any of tlu;
sons had been intercepted by a premature death,
his por.s'>n was represented, and his share was
divided, by his surviving cliildren. — Giuhon's
HoMK, ch. 44, p. ;?()().
45 IS. PROPERTY, Ownership of. Production.
The savage who hollows a tree, insi'rts a sharp
■stone into a wooden handle, or applies a string to
an elastic branch becomes in a state of nature
the just i)r()prietor of the canoe, the bov.', or the
liatchet. The materials were common to all, the
new form, the produce of his time and simple
industry, iK^longs .solely to him.self. His hungry
brethren c^aiuiot, without asen.se of their own in-
justice, extort from the hunter the game of the
forest overtaken or slain by his personal si reiiglh
and dexlerily. If his |)rovidenl care preserves
and nuilliplies tjie tame animals, whose nature
is traclable lo tlu; arts of educalion, heaccpuresa
perpetual title lo tiie use and service of Iheir nu-
merous progeny, which derivi's its existence from
him aloiu;. If lie encloses and cullivalcs a field
for their sustenance and his own, a barren waslt;
is converted into a fertile soil ; the seed, the ma-
nure, lli(! labor, create a new value, and the re-
wards of harvest are painfully earned by the fa-
tigues of therevohing year. In the successive
slates of society, the huiiler, the shepherd, the
husbandman, may diifcnd tlieir po.s.sessioiis by
two reasons whicl'i forcibly appeal to the feelings
or IIk; human mind : that wlialever they <'njoy
is the fruit of their own industry ; and that evi'i-y
man who envies Iheir felicity may imrchase sim-
ilar accpiisitions liy the exercise of similar dili-
gence. — Giuhon's Komi:, ch. 4, p. IJ.")").
15 1 f». PROPERTY, Titles to. Hi inn ofJaiwH FT.
I He favoi'cd the destruction of titles, so as lo ad^
vance the adherenlsof Ihe Komim Catholic faith,
whose |>roperty had long ago been c'ontiscat<'d. ]
II(! ought lo ha\(' determined that Ihe exi.sting
selllemeni of landed properly |in Ireland] shouUl
be inviolable ; and la; ought to have announced
that determination in such a manner as effectu-
ally lo (luiel the anxiety of Ihe new proprietors,
and to extinguish any wild hopes which Ihe old
proprietors might ent(!rlain. Whether, in the
great transferof estates, injustice had or had not
been committed, was immaterial. That transfer,
just or unjust, had taken place so long ago that
to reverse it woidd lie tountix the foundations of
.society. There must Xw a lime of limitation lo
all rights. After thirty-five years of actual |)os
se.s.sion, after twenty-tive years of possession sol-
emnly guarantcH'd by statute, after innumerable
leases and releases, mortgages and devises, it was
too late to search for naws in titles. — M\-
tAi:i..vv'8 En(;., ch. 6, ji. 124.
4520. PROPERTY, Tyranny of, li>i\ John.
Bull, "^hur'asthe landowners held him lo be,
it was in the preaching oi John Hall that Eng-
land tirst listened to a declaralion of the natural
equality and rights of man. "'Good people."
cried the preacher, " things will never be well in
England .so long as goods be not in common,
and so long a.- there be villeins and gentlemen.
Hy what right are they whom we call lords
greater folk than we ? On what grounds have
they deserved it ? Why do they hold us in serf-
age ? If we all came of the .same fcther and
mother, of Adam and Eve, how can they say or
])rove that they are better than we, if it be not
that they make us gain for them by our toil what
they spend in their pride ? They are clothed in
velvet and warm in their furs and Iheir ermines,
while we are covered with rags. They have wine
and spic< .s and fair bread, and we oat-cake and
straw iiud water to drink. They have leisure
and flno houses ; we have pain and labor, tli(!
nun and tlu; wind in the; fields. And yet it is of
us and of ourtoil that these; men hold their .state."
It was Ihe tyranny of property that then as
ever roused the defiance of .socialism. — Hist, ok
E.Nti. Peoplk, ^ M'l.
4521. PROPERTY, Wrongs in. English Tmw.
A.n. 176;$. The right of primogeniture madi; its
chief victims in the bosoms of the faiiulies which
nii
^'
534
I'1{«)Imik('IKs-i'1{()sim:i{itv.
it kfpl up. . . . Kvi'ii llic iiiotlicr will) iuiir|ii
Mirviv(- Ik r liiiMliand, after following liini to liis
tomb, . . . I'cliiriK'd no more to tlic nnccNlnil
iiiiinHion, hut vaiiitcd it for the licir ; and the
dowa^fcr must Ik^ coiitciit witli licr joiiiturr,
Aviiicli mi^ht often l)e |iaid Kfud^ixKly "^ to one,
" Lon^ wintering on a yoting inan'.s reveinie."
— U.\N( UoKTS r. S., vol. 5, ell. ',\.
/lAtl'i. PROPHECIES, Buitained. Knjibiitd 175:).
I In 175;< tliere was fjicat oppoHition to a bill,
which was pa.ssed, jierndttinj; .Icwh to hold real
estate. One said it| was to |j:ive the lie to all the
propheeicH of the New Testament : they are
to remain without any ti.xed habitation until
they aeknowledire Christ to be- the Messiah. —
Kmomt's Fmo,, vol. tl, eh. VI, p. 1))!J.
'•*5i:i. PROPHECY, FalM. EminrcHfnll. |\Vlien
the Si)anisli Armada was expected to visit the
coasts of Kii/ilMiidl many ancient and stranjije
l>ro|)lieeieH, in divers lan^rua^es, and many excel-
lent a.strononiers of sundry nations, had in very
plain terms foretold that the year loHH should
lie most fatal and ominous unto all estates, con
eluding; in these words: "And if in that year
the world do not perish and utterly decay, yet
empires all, and kingdoms after, shall ; and no
man to raise himself sliall know no way, an<l that
forever after it shall be called the year of won-
der." I Kiifilishmeii interpreted the i)rophecy
a^faiiist their enemies as a prediction of their
overthrow, the God of the Bible, which Knj^-
lishman had learned to read, beint; their defend-
er.]— KNKiiiTs EN(i., vol. !{, eh. 14, p. 21H.
'I5itl. PROPHECY, UnoonsoiouB. Vir<iil. (Vm-
slantine, in a very loiij^ di.scour.se, which is still
I'Xtant, . . . expatiates on the variou.s proofs of
relifrion ; but he dwells with i)eculiar complacen-
cy on the Sibylline verses, and the fourth eclo^iu!
of Virgil. l<\)rty years before the birth of Christ,
the Mantuan bard, as if inspired by the cel(>stial
niu.se of Isaiah, had celebrated, with all tlu; pomp
of Oriental metaphor, the return of th(! Virj^in,
the fall of the serju'iit, the approaching^ bi-'tli of
a godlike child, the otTsi)ring of tlie great Jiijii-
ter, who should expiate the guilt of Iniman kind,
and govern tlic' peaceful universt' with \\w. vir-
tues of his father ; tlu^ rise and ai>i)earance of a
heavenly race, a i)rimitivt^ nation throughout tlic^
world, and the gradual restoration of the inno-
cence and felicity of th(^ golden age. The ])oet
was perhaps unconscious of the .secret sense; and
object of these sublime predictions, which have
been .so unworthily a])plied to the infant son of
a consul, or a triumvir ; but if a more splendid,
and indeed si)(!cious, iiiterpreliilion of the fourth
eclogue contributed to the conversion of the first
(Jhri.stian emperor, Virgil may deserve to be rank-
ed among the most successful missionaries of the
gospel. . . . lie chietlv depends on a inyste-
lious iicrostic, composed in the sixth age after the
Deluge, bj' the Erythraean Sibyl, and translated
by Cicero into fiafin. The initial letters of the
thirty-four Greek verses form this prophetic seii-
tenc(! : .lF:sfs CiiuiST, Son ok Goii, Savioi'u ok
Till'; WouM). — GiiiHONs Ho.MK, eh. 20, p. 269.
4535. PROPHETS, The Great. I'^mr. :Mah(mi-
et taught that God Almighty had engraven these
laws [of Mahomet. See Religion, Mahometan] in
t he hearts of the lirsl race of men, but th^it vice and
iinfjuity gradually prevailing, and wearing out
their impresMion, He had sent, from time to time,
His prophets u|)oii earth, to revive His holy ptc-
cepts by their tfoetrinesand example. 'I'he iiios*
eminent of these prophets, he alllrmed, were
Abraham, .Moses, .lesus Christ — and Mahomet,
th<' last, the greatest of all — who was destined to
extend the knowledge of the true religion over
all the earth.— TvTi,Kii'w Hikt., Hook (J, ch. 1,
p. .W.
1546. PROPRIETORS, Nominal. (Ironj, I.
I When the Hanoverian prince CJeorge came to
lh(! Mritish throne as George I., the foreigiiei'
penned his first impressions. | He said ; " This is
a strange country. The Hist morning after my
arrival at St. .lames' I looked out of the window,
and saw a park, witli canals, etc., which they
told me were mine. The next day Lend Cliet-
wynd, the ranger of ///// park, sent me a line
brace of carp out of ///// canal ; and I was told I
must give live guineas to Lord Chetwynd's scr
vant for bringing me ///// carp out of '///// c!inal
in ///// oirii park."— Kmohi's K.no., vol. (I, eh. 1,
p. 4."
'I5il7. PROPRIETORS, Bondage of. I'rrnn,nix.
The mines of I'otosi were discovered, with which
the IVnivians themselves had been unacipiaiiit-
etl — a source of riches which to this day is not
exhausted. The Peruvians were made to work
at tlies(! mines for the' Spaniards, as the real pro-
l)rietors. Those slaves who, from constitutional
weakness of body, were soon \\ n out by th(!
dreadful fa'igues, . . . withcmt tne smallest re-
mission of their ialiors, were replaced by negroes
from the coast of .Vfriea. — TvTi,i:u's His'i'.,
Book (1, ch. 21.
.|5iC8. PROSPERITY, Children bring. Aroh.
The nurses of the desert, who caiiu; UHiially to
compete for the new iiorn children to the doors
of the wealthy, did not present themselves at the
door of Amina |lhe mot her of Mahomet |, becaus(>
she was a w idow. .-md thai widows, commonly
poor, did not remuiK'rate so liberally as the fa-
thers tilt; nurses of their children. At length
Halima, one of tlio.se women of the desert who
sold their milk, not having been able to find an-
other nursling in the city, returned to Amina
toward the evening, and took her infant. Tlic
credulity of the Arabs remarked, that from the
day when this child was introduced into the tenl
of Halima all the i)rosperities and fecundities
of iioiiukI life made it their centre. The nurse
refused to give him back to his mother, for fear
of losing, witli his departure, the benedictions of
her tent. — L.\,MAK'riNK's Tiukky, j). .■).").
45a». PROSPERITY, Dangers of. PhiUi> <>f
Miictdoii. Olympias bare him Alexander, sur-
named the (treat. . . . Philip, who at that time
was absent from his kingdom, had three very
agreeable pieces of news brought him at one and
tlie same time : that lie had carried the prize at
the 01ym])ic games ; that Parmeiiio, one of his
generals, had gained a Lireat victory over the II-
lyrians, and that his wile was delivered of a son.
This jirince, territieii at so signal a ha])piness,
which the heathens thought frecjuently the omen
of .some mournful catastrophe, cried out, " Great
Jupiter ! in return for so many blessings, send
me as s. n.s possible some slight misfortune." —
Hoi, I, IN h .IisT., Book 14, ^ 1.
4530. PROSPERITY, Destructive. (VirMoniti/.
The corruption of mauuers uud prluciples, so
i'|{()sim:iuty--i»|{<)tk(TI()N.
536
forcilily lainriitcil liy KtiscliiwN, iimy lie coiinIiI
vmi, not only as ii constMincncc, liiil us m proof,
of (III' lilicrty which tlx' ChriNtliins enjoyed iin(l
tihused nnder Ihi- rei;?n of Dioeleliiiri. Prosper
ity hiul relaxed tluMierveHof discipline. Fraud,
envy, and malice previiiled in every coiij^repi
tioii. The preshylers aspired lo the episcopal
oft1<'e, which every day became an object more
worthy of tin'ir ainidtion. 'I'he bishops, who
<'onlended with >■ .. '.. . tiier for e<'clesiaHtical pre
eminence, appeared by their conduct to claim a
si'cuhir and lyramdeul power in the church ; inid
the lively faith which still dlstin^ndsluMl tlie
ChristiatiH from the Oetitiles was shown much
les.s in llu'ir lives than in tlieir controversial writ
U\ff>*. — OiiiHoNs lloMK, eh. IH, p. ."»7.
49:11. PROSPERITY by OoTernment. //// liimzi.
I'i'lie lioman Iriliuiu' and patriot. | .lustice was
appeuHcd liy the lardy execution of .Martin I'r-
sini, who, amon^ his various acts of violenc<' and
rapin<', had pilla^iMl a shi|)wreci<ed vessel at the
mouth of the Tiber. His name, tlie imrple of
two cardinals, his uncles, a recent marriage. luid
ii mortjd dirtcuso were disre^fardcd bv tlic inllex
iitle tribune, vvlio hud chosen his victim. Tlic
piiliiic ortieers drujr^^ed him from ills puiace and
nuptial lied ; his trial was short and satisfactory ;
the iiell of the Capitol convened tlie jicople ;
strip|ied of his muntle, on his knees, v.iili Ids
hands lioiind beliind his bucl<. he lienrd the si>n-
tencc of death; und after u iirief confession I'r-
siiii wus led away to the ,i;ailows. After sueli an
example, none who were conscious of )i\\\\\ could
hope for impunity, und tlie tli;;ht of the wici<ed.
the licentious, uiill the idle soon i)urif1ed the city
and territory of Itome. In this time (says the
historian) tlu; woods be.i^un to rejoict^ that they
were no longer infested with robbers ; the oxen
began to plough ; tlu; i)ilgrims visited the sanc-
tuaries ; the roads aiul inns were replenislied
with lruv(!ll((rs ; trade, plenty, and gooil faith
were rcistonMl in the marltets ; and a jiurse of
gold might Ik! exposed witliout danger in the
midst of the higliway. As soon as the life and
proiH'rty of the subject are .secure, the labors and
rewards of industry sjxniluneously revive ; Home
WHS still the metfoiiolisof the (,'liristian world. —
GiiinoNs Ito.MK, ell. 70, p. 477.
4»:i'i. PROSPERITY, Springs of. /////>/v</r-
7wut. In every experimental science there is a
tendency toward i)erfeetion. In every human
lieing there is a wish to ameliorate his own con-
dition. Thtise I wo princi|)les have often surtlced,
even when countonmted by greut public calami-
ties and by bad institutions, to carry civilization
rapidly forward. Xo ordinary misfortune, no
ordinary misgoverninent, will do so much lo
make a nation wreteluui us the constant prog-
ress of physical knowledge and tli(! constant ef-
fort of every man to better himself will do to
make u nution iirosperous. — .M.\(ai'i,.\v's Hist.,
ch. :^, p. 2(51.
4«'>33. PROSTITUTE, A distingaished. T/ieod,,-
r<i. The beauty of Theodora was the subject of
more tlatiering praise and the source of more ex-
quisite dcilight. Her features were delicate und
regular ; her complexion, though somewhat pale,
wiis tinged with a naturul color ; every .sen.sution
was instantly expressed by the vivacity of her
eyes ; her e.asy motions displayed the graces
of a small but elegant figure ; and eitlier love or
adulation might proclaim that |iainting and po-
etry were incaimble of dclincaliiiL' the matchlesj*
excelli'iice of lier form Hut this form was de-
graded by the facility with which it wnsexpo-cd
to the public eye and prostituted to liccntinim
ilesire. Her venal charms were abandoind !•■ 11
promiscuous crowd of cili/cns and stranger-. I'f
every rank and of every |irofcssion ; the fortu-
nate lover who had been promised a nit;li! of en
joyment was often driven from her beit li\ a
stronger or more wcMlthy fa\iiiilc : and wlirii
she passed through the streets, her presence w;i>.
avoided by all who wislied to escape eitlier the
scandal or the temptation. The satirical hist'i
rial) has not blushed lodcscribe the n.'iked scenes
whicli Theodoi'M was not ashamed to exhibit in
the llieatre. After exhausting the arts of .seii^ii-
111 pleasure, she most ungratefully murmured
against tlie parsimony of nature. [She beciiinc
the wife of the lioman Kniiieror .lustinian j —
(•iiinoNs Ud.Mi,, ch. 40, p. ."id,
I5:ri. PROTECTION of Industry. ('binAin;,.
When the cultivator waiit<'ii to obtain the best
price for his wool, that legislation that wa- al-
ways protecting one class against anollier clasn,
!o the injury of both classes, ordained the expi.r-
latioii of wool should be liam|>ered witli re^tric
tioiis ; " because that sullicieiit plenty of tlie >;iid
wools may continually abide and reiii.iin williin
the said realm, us may competently and rea-'on
ably serve for the oc<'upati(ui of clolli-makers."
( )f necessity much of the sutlieiciil jileiity became
superabundant stock ; and the price of wool wai
beaten down by the limitation of tlie market.
|a.I). U'iO lAH'i.] — KNioiir's IOno., vol. ',',cli. 7,
p. lOH.
tatta. PROTECTION of Manufactures. p:iir,.
lish. The rural interests of i-liigland lia<l (in H>'.i>*i
prohibited tlie importation of Irish cuttle. Tiie
Irish farmers took to breeding sliecp. .iiid wool
being abundant, woollen manufactures siirani;
up. The CJommons imiiloi'cd tliekin.g " to enjoin
all those he employed in Ireland to use their lit
most diligence to hinder tlie exiiortutiou of wool
from Irelund, except imported hillier, and for
diseouruging the woollen und eneouniging the
liiKiii manufacture in Ireland."' — Ivnkiiit's Em.. .
vol. •), ch. 14. p. 214.
4.'i:i«. PROTECTION by Secrecy. At/iaii,isi'/.i.
[During the persecution by the Arian jmrty.] He
wus once secreted in u ilry cistern, wliicli he had
scureely left before! he wus betrayed by tlietrea<'h-
ery of u female slave ; and he wusoncc conce.iled
in a still moreextruordinury asylum, the house of
u virgin, only twenty yeui's of uge, and who was
celelirated in tli.' whole city for her ex<(iiisite
beauty. At llie lioiirof midnight, as she relateil
the story many .veuis uflervvurd, she was sur
prised by the appeanince (>f the archbishop in a
loose undress, who, advancing with hasty steps,
conjured her to ufTord him the i)rotection wliiili
he hud been directed by a celestial vision to seik
under her lios]>itable roof. The pious muid ac-
cepted und preserved the .sacred pledge wliicli
wus intrusted to lier prudence and courage.
Without imparting the seci-et lo any one, .she in-
stantly conducted Athaiiasius into her most sc
cret chamber, and watched over his .safety with
the tenderness of a friend and the assiduity of a
.servant. As long as the dan.irer continued, she
regularly supplied him with hooks and jirovi-
fi.'JG
IMto'lKCTlOX-l'HOTKHTAXTISM.
II
If '
NJdiiN, wiisIm'iI IiIn fi't't. inaniiu;i'<l IiIm cdrn-MpoiMl
tlcru'c, iiikI flcxtcMiiHly cniii'i'iili'il frimi tlir eye
of HiiHpii'ioii litis fiiiiiiliar iiMil Holiinry inlircoiii'Mt'
ImIwim'Ii II siiini wliD.sc clmruclt'r rri|iiii'<'(l llic
tnost iiiiljli'iiiiHiird cliii.Hiily, iiinl ii Iriiiiili' \>lin'-i'
cliiirnis inj^rlit cxciir tlu' iiiosi iliiiipTdiis t'liio
ti()ti>. -OiiiiKiNH UuMi;, ell. :.M. |>, ;i.'i','.
IA:I7. protection for the Weak. ,l,im,H
Oljlt lIlDlli III' Sl'jcclcil as 111!' silc 111 Ills Hcltlr
iiiiMil \\u- IiIkIi IiIiiIT dm wliicli now sfiimls llir
rily I'l' Savaiiiiali. Ilt'ii', nii (lie lirst day i.l Krli
riiai's , ui't'c laiil llu' r<>iiiiilaiii>iiH iif tlu' nlilcsi
Mnu:liHli liiwiisiiMlliiil' llii-Sa\atiiiali Uivcr. liniail
sirccl-i wiTi' iaiil mil ; a |>iil>li<' si|iia!'i' was rr-
sci'vnl in rath ijiiarli'i' ; a liraiilil >il villau:i' of Inils
aiiil liiiarij Iiiiiihi'-^ laiiit aiiinn;;ilir |)iiii' tires ap-
pi'ai'i'il as llii' rajilal of a new coiiiiiiuii wrallli,
vvlli'l'r lllrll \S I'lT Mill iniprisitlicil t'linlrlil. 'roiiin
cliirlii, cliii'l' III' llic Vaniacrans, laiiir Iriuii lii>
caliiii halt' a mile ilisiaiil In nit his Iii'iiiIht ( );;Ii'
lliorpi'. Thrri' was a picasaiil riiiil'i'mirr. " IIitc
is a pri'si'iit I'mt yiiii," saiil the ml man In Ihi'
wliiii' man. '{"hi- prrsnil was a Imllalii rnlii'
paiiiti'ilnii Ihi' inviili' with llu' hrail ami I'l'athi'rs
(if an rairlr. " Tlic I'i'iiIIhts arr snl'l, ainl si^riiily
Invi- ; Ihi' liiilTaln slvin is llii' I'Mililcm i>f jji'dIic-
linn 'riii'ii'fnri' liivc us anil pi'iilri'l lis," said
till' nil! rhii-ftain. Siirh a plea cnuld mil hi' Im.I
on a man like O^ili'thnrpc — HiDi-Aiii's V . S..
eh. •,'!», p ',';{».
'l.'ilW. PROTECTOR needed. I'n>tc»l,intx. Mail
Cmmwi'll hri'ii on Ihr Ihrnni' nf Kii'Hand when
l.niiis XI\'. dari'il In ii'Miki w ' had lict'ii
calli'd Ihc Iirt'Viii'alilc Kilicl nf N, s, and li>
this ai'l In iiiautrnrali' a prnlnicl' 'I and hnirilili'
rciifii nf li'iior, till' rcvncalinii w aid ni'vcr have
taki'ii pJMi I', nr that apjiaritinn, vvliich Ma/arin
always drradcd Ir^t he shniild ^i r, wniilil have
liucii lii'hclil — ^namcly, ('ininwi'll al the i,nit<'s nf
I'aiis. — IIood'h Chomwkm,, cli. 1(5, p. 'i\A.
.|5;|». PROTECTION, A strong. (Him- ('r,.„i.
irell. It was at tin' very pi'iiml of llii' mas.sacrc
nf till IMi'dmonli'sr that a treaty with France had
been iii.iliii'eil, after Inni; and ledinus nefrntiatinii.
One demand after .innlher had lieeii cniieedcd to
('ronuvell liy iiinijs and his crafty adviser, the
(-'ardiiial .Ma/,aiin. .Inhn .Millnn, Oliver's pri-
vate and fnreiirn secrelary, h.al cniuliicted the
ne;.||itiatinM In a sucei'.ssfid issue, and the French
ambas.sadnr waited with tin' treaty ready fnrsit;-
natiire, when Crninwcll learned of the suireriiii:s
nf the N'audnis. lie rnrthwilh desiiatched an
ainliassiidnr, nn their lirhaif, In the Ciiiirt of
Turin, and refused tnsii,'n the treaty with France
until tlieir wrnni^swere rediesseil. The French
amhasMidnr was astonished and iiidi.ifiiant. He
remonstrated with Cromwell, and uri;eil that
theipieslinn Imreiin eonneclinn with the terms
nf the treaty ; nnr cnuld his soveriiiin interfere,
on any plea, with the suhjectsnf an inde])eiidei!t
State. Mazariii look ('ven hnMer u:rnund. He
did not rniiceal his sympathy i- itii the elTnrts of
the Duke of Savoy to coerce these Protestant
lehi'ls — declared his cnnviction that in truth " the
Vaudois had intlicled a hundred times wnrsc-
iiuelties on the ("atlmlics than they had sulTcrcd
Irnm them," and altnif(^ther tnnk up a very hitch
and haughty position. Croniwell remained un-
moved. New pi'otestatiniis met with no lictter
rcr. ptioii. He told hi- .Ma.jesty nf France, in
reply to his assurances ni the impo.ssibility of iii-
tcrfcrinu, that he hud itlreiuly allowed IiIh own
tl'onpN to he einplnyet! as tile tools nf the |N<rsi>.
ciitors ; which, thnu>;h very much like kIvIm^
his Chrl^llan .Ma,|esty the lie, was luil without
ilselTeei. Crnniwell Would not move from the
^iicred iliiU he had a.ssumed to him.'M'll. as Ilia
defender lit the persecuted I'l'ilestaiits of Kui'o|h>,
The French amliassadnr ap| Sn d fnran audiencu
In lake his leave, and was lu.ide welcoiiU! to ^o.
l.ouiN and .Mii;rarin had lioth to yield In his wishes
III last, and lierame the unwilling., Milvncutes of
thchirelii Hiif the valleys. — Hooh'm Cuom wki.i,,
eh. Ml, p. 'Jl.-i.
lA 10. PROTESTANTISM, Advance of. /'nnin:
I \ II. I'"i(li latir. The I'rnlestant npinlnnsl were
piipularaiiMin^ the meichani i lass. The nnlilesso
was fast III rninlllK Hu^'Uennt. .\ I the court
itself the nnlile feasted nstei -atiously on the fllHt-
daysof the church, and Hocked to the I'rotcHtaiit
pnachiiijis. The cleriiV thcinselvcH .seemed
shaken. Hisln ps openly alijund thenldir faith.
Cnliirnv's hrother, I he Cardinal of ( 'hat i lion, cel-
eliraleil the enmmuninn insleail nf mass in his
iiwn episcnpiil church at iieainais, and inarriid
a wife. Sn irresistilile was the lunM'iiient, that
CMihai'ine saw no way of prescvinj; France In
('athnlicisin liiil liy the biiirest i oncessions ; and
in the summer of l.'tli' slie <'alled on the pope to
allow the removal of ima^''es, the administraiinii
nf the sacrament in both kinds, and the almli-
linn of iirivatc ina.sses Hri- demands were out-
slrii)peil by thii>e of an assembly of depulies
from the states which M"t at I'milnise. These
called fnr the coiitlscatii.ii of church pri)|M'rly,
for freednm of cnnscience and of wnisliip, and,
ahnve all, for a national coniuil in wlii' h every
question sli.iild he d'lidcd by "the word of
(iod." Fiance seenu il on the ver^c of becnm-
in^f Protestiiiit ; and at a mnmeiit w hen Protes-
tantism had won England and Scotland, and ap-
peared In be fast wiimin.ic sduthern as well as
iinrtherii (iermany, the ai rssinii nf France
wnulil have determined the 1 1 iuiniih of the l{ef-
nrmalinn. | I' rsecutinn nf I'ldlcstants follow-
ed l—IIlsr. ni. Fmi. Pkoi'i i;, ^ T'-'li.
4511. PROTEST AN TI8M, Overthrow of. P,'r-
^(Cutiiiii. Al Uoine the news of this I'.ieat blow
iLciveii by the massacre on St. IJarilinlmnew's
Day I was hailed with extra vaizaiit manifestations
lit joy ; the Pope [(Jrefcory XI 1.] and cardinals
Went in state to return thanks to Heaven fortius
signal mercy, and medals were struck in its
hniinr. Philip 1 1 . extolled it as one of Ihc most
ineiiioralile triumph of ChristianMy, compared
il to the splendid victnrv of liCp.iiito. and Imast-
eil that the total ruin im T'rotestaiitism was now
tinally assured, \c\erlheless, this threat wicked
iiess, like all state crimes, was quite inetTectiial
for the ])nrpiise toward which it \\ as directed.
The Huiruennts had Insi their alilesl leaders;
they were stunned, cnnfminded, s<altered, weak-
ened, but they were by no means w Imlly cruslu'ii.
.\s sunn as they reenven'd from their con.stcrn.i
lion they once iiinie rushed to arms. . . . The
persecuted party i nice innre raised th(arhcad<.
and within a year from the dale of the gri it
massacre were in a ]>osili()n to address the kiiiL'
in bolder and more importunate laiiLTuaire than
al any former period of the (Mintest. . . . The
full and public c.Mrcise of the refnrmed rclif^ion
was aulliori/.ed llunughout the kinydnm ; the
PRoTKHTANTfHM— IMtOVlDKNCK.
537
Piirlluiiit'tiU wcrf toconNiHl of uii ('(|iii«l niKwlKT
of I'rott'Htitiit itiiil CuHiolic JikIki-s , all hcdu (mi's
|)as.s('il a;/iiiiiHt tin I (ii^iiriuils wcl'r iiiuiiillcil,
and till' InsiirKcn wcri; piDiioiiiKi'il in liavi'
acli'il for III)' K'X"! I tl>u kiiii; anil kinf^iloiii ;
t'lulii towns were pliu . (1 In thi irliamlH for an nii
llniii'il porioil ; anil ilic Stalt-sOc inr il wrrr to
lie coiAokril vllliin mIx months. Sik i wrrctlu'
comliiions of llic " I'caci'of >f"iisii'nr, as it was
Icrnn 'I which was Mi>,'n('(l ontlii'dili of May,
157(1 — lisH than fonr years aflrr thai fritrjiifnl
niassacH' liy whirii it waH hoiwd that llic ifuij;'!!'
not faction wonlil Im- tinatly cvtirpati'il from
Krancc. SrirDlvNTu' Fu^n<k, cli. Ml, ^ Vi, unit
> ..IT. S'J.
49 li. PROTESTANTISM, Protectors of. p:>,<i
lixh Sircdi'. Till' prince who licais ilic closest
rescnilihincc to ( roniwell Is (Jiistavns Ailoiphns
of Swcil'ii lie, too was the lion uf the I'rntes-
tant cause, .mil his < iinp, like that of the ^reat
BrifiMJi fanner, was the sceiieof piet_\ ami e.vlraor-
(Unary bravery. F,iki) Cromwell, he was rapid
and irresistihie as a miHintain torrent on the
field. liike Cromwell, he alarmed the conniils
of the iioman I'ontilT and strnek teiinr into the
Imperialist cahinet. Far inferior to Cromwell -
for who of all (,fenerals or sliiiesmen eipiulled
him ?— yet lioth rei^arded themschi'sns set a]>arl
and consecrated for the defenceof i'rotestanlism
ajjainst tlie encroachments anil cruelties of l*o
pery. This idea lar>;cl\ cnlereil into the mind
of the Protector. He saw the -itate of I'hinppe,
he felt for its wrunjfand lacerated condition. In
his a.i^e lie was th(! hmI\ Protestant. Jirince; the
so-called ProleslaiU statesmen were in leai^ne
with Kome. He raised his hamici ai^ainsl the
Vatican, declared his side ami his convictions,
and made the tyrants and diplomaiisisof FiUrope
(piail and shrink hefore the shadow of hi.-, power
and the terror of his name. In the history of
I'rotestantism he occupies tin disliiij;;uislu'il
place, in the very fore;;riiund. 'I lat we are en-
titled to .say thus much of him is proveii hy a
reference; to his own words, as well as to "the
hetter (evidence of his deeds. — Hoods (Judm-
WKi.i., eh. 1(1, p. 217.
4513, PROTESTATION, Absurd. Tiiaour tlh
Tartiir. [To his Syrian captives. | " Youseemc
here," continued 'rimour," a poor, lame, decrepit
mortal. Yet- hy my arm hastlie Almiijhty heen
pleased losubdue the kini,nloms of Iran, Tonran,
and the Indies. I am not a man of lilooil : and
God is my witness that in ail my wars I liavi
never heen the a.i^.n'ressor, and that my enemies
have always heen the authors of their own calam-
ity." Durinj^ this j)eaceful conversation tlie
streets of Aleppo [in Syria] streamed with hlnod
and re-echoiMl with tlie criesof mothers anilcii. I
dren, with tlie shrieks of violated virj^ins. — Gin-
HONs HoMK, eh. ()."). |). 2(i'^.
4511. PROTESTATIONS, Characteristic, ('ills.
The Cells at all times have been fond uf enipliat
i' |)ri)testalioiis. Tiie youuir heroes swore a
soi'inii o.'ith lliat they would not .see wife urcliil-
dre 1 or parenis niori' till tliey had riililiii twice
throui^h till' Roman .irmy. In this mood they
encountered Ciesar in tlie valley of the Vin-
j^eaiiiie, ;i I'iver which f.ills into the Saone, and
tlicy inei liie fate wiiic li necessarily befell them
when their un;j:ovi'rnal)ie multitudeseny:a,iied the
legions ill ihc o|)eii tield. They were defeated
with enormollM Iohn ; not they riding,' through the
UomuM army, bn» tlieiiiselveH ridden over and
he VII down by ih Oermaii liorsenieii and scut
(lyiii); for fift.v iiiiKs over the hills into Alice St.
Kellle. — Fllol liKH C>«.ui ell. I!)
4AI»1. PROVIDENCE, Dellvarancc bT. (U>n„.
Inm, I Four richly laden \ I'lietiaii >,nilleys were
attacked by Columbo the yoiiiijrer, m ir the I'oi
tu>?ui ^(! roust. I A (1. sjierate i'iiKiiK''""'iil i""k
place ; the ves.sils ^(rappled each oilier, and the
crews foiiiiht I imI to hand, and from ship to
ship. The battle Listed from inoriiin^ until even
ili>?, with jrn ill earnatreon li. Ii sides, The ^ ■ ssel
commanded by Colundiiis wa> enKa;;edwiih ii
liu.ije Venetian K'dley. They threw liandTrri!-
nades and other llery nnsiiles, and the i,fallcy
was wrapped in tlames. The vessels wcie fasten-
ed tot't'iliir by chains mid jfrapplingiroii -. and
could (Mil be separated ; both were involved in
one coiitlauiatlon, and '<oiai 'n'came a mere bla/.-
in;; mass, 'i'lie crews threw themselves into the
sea; Columbus seized an oar, which was tloat-
\n\i wiihlii reach, and, beinj^ an I'.xpert swimmer,
attained tin shore, tlioimli full two leagues dis-
tant.- IkVIN'Ts I'ol.lMlU s, cli. 'i.
45 10. PROVIDENCE, Delivering. \ntio„al.
\Vhen a llnanci.il panic neideii im|io.ssible to pay
iliearmv of William 111 ilien in the lield a;;alnst
Ijouis Jil v., and thedanncr from mutiny or total
desertion was \ery jireiil, the kiiii; was informed
of the stale of the treasury, anil in reply express
I'd that noble sentimml which every Kn^lish
man ought to bear in mind in tlie day of laiblic
calamity and fear: "May tJ<'d relieve us from
our present embarrassment, fori caniiol siijipose
it is His will losulTera nation to perish which Ho
has so often almost miraculoiish saved, though
we havi'too well deserved it." — Rnkjht'h k.so.,
vol. ,'), I'll. i;{, p. I!».5.
15 ir. PROVIDENCE, Detention of. Olurr
Cri/iiiinlL Notice also tliat those latest years
of .lames and first \cars of Charles were the
period wlien the cruel persecution proceeding in
En 'land drove the lirst emigrants awav into the
American wilderness, there to fonnil the old
Mas.s.u'husetts ('ol< ly ; they left their homes
and 1 luntry, willin- toencounter llie privations
and dangers of the distant wildeiiiess, lioi)ing
there to find a rest and refuge for outraged re-
li^don and humanity. Those were thedayscom-
ineii. orated by the Plymouth Koek — the first
settlers in Salem, and the gr.iwlli of I.vnn. We
refer to this especially. Iiecause traiiition says
Unit on the 1st of May, ttiliH. eight ships, bound
for New Fngiand, and tilled with Puritan fami-
lies, wei'' arn sled and interrupted in tlie'l'hames
by an order from the iiig, and thai among their
pas.sengers in one of those vessels were Pym,
Hampden. Cromwell, and ila/.elrig. .Mr. John
Forster doulits this, l)Ul cannot disprove it. —
Hood's Cuom wKi.r,, eh. 2 p. -W.
151**. PROVIDENCE, Directing. Thr Pilfp-iinx.
[They inU'ndcd loseiilenear the Iludsmi.] The
spot to which Providence had directed the plant-
ers had, a few years iiefore, been rendered en-
tirely a desert by a peslilenee, wliieli had like-
wise" swe|>t over the neighborin.g tribes, and
desolated almost the whole seaboard of New
Engliiiid. . . . There \\\",v the liaces of a pre-
vious population, but not one living inhabitunt.
— BA^'CKOKT's U. 8., vol. 1, ch. 8.
638
IMIOVIDEN'CK.
-•A 10. PROVIDENCE, DUpMal of.
Fnr nIxIv
i:
\,
Till! viiyiijfi! was Inn;; jtml prrllinis.
tliri'o (liiyi* tin; Mhip wii.s InilTi'li'il hy ntoriiii iiiid
(Irivi'n. It liiul Ik'c'ii llin iiilciitliiii or liin IMI^riiiH
ti> riiiiiiil llii'tr <'i)l(iMy' ill llic Ix'iiutiriil ('i)iiiitry of
tlii^ KikIsiiii, bill, tliii tciiipcst ciirricil tlicnuiiit.ot'
tlirlr course, anil lliodrst laiidMci'ti was IIkmIi'mo-
into ('a|Ht (!<><!. Oil till) (Mil (if Ncivi'IiiImt tli«
vessel was mu'liornl in llio liiy ; llieii ii iiieelliiir
WHS lielil (Ml linaiil, ami llm (•(•loiiy (iry;uiiizeil
unilenisoleinii eoinpai't. In tlio chiirler wliicli
tliey them iiiailo fur lliemselves tlio «Mii!)^ranls
(l(!(lare(l tliclr luyally tutlie Kii>{liMli crown, iiml
covi>niiiite(l t();;ellier to iivo in peacn nml har-
mony, with cipial rii'lils to all, oliedlcnt to JiihI,
laws ina<ln for the ci)iiiini>n.t;iiii(i. Mneli wasllie
Hliiipli) lint, Hitliiiniii consllhiiii>n of tho oliie--;
New Kniflami Stale. A iiohler (locunieiit in not,
to lie foniid anuiiii^ the reconisof the world, 'i'o
this iiistrnnieiil, all the heads of families, forty-
one in nniiilier, solemnly Net their names. An
cleelioii was held ill which all had im cipial
voice, and .loll II Ciirver was unarimonsly chosen
^'overiiorof ll.i)(!ol()iiy. — Uidi'ath'h U. S., cli. 7,
|t. IM.
'W50. PEOVIDENCE.Olftiof. F'X-nif,». "Did
you never retlect williin yourself," says Ho<!nUes
to lOulhydemus, "liow much care the jrods liave
taken to bestow upon man all that is neces.sary
for him V" " Never. I assure you," rejilied lie.
" You See," continued Socrate-i, '' how lieces-
sirv li,u;hl is, and how precious that ijift of tlie
jfods oii^lit to appear to us." " NVitiiout it,"
ailded Kuthvdemus, "we should Ito liivo th(!
Iiliiid, an<l ail natuni as if it were dead ; but Ikj-
causo we liavi) occasion for intervals of relaxa-
tion, they liavo also jfi veil us the niulit for our
re|>ose."' " V'oii aro in the; riiiflit ; and fur this
wi! oujrht to render them conlinued praises and
tlianlisirivini^. Tliey liav(M»rdained tliattli(! sun,
tliat lirii^dit and luminous slur, should preside
over tlio day to distiiu^uish its dillerenl jiarts,
and tliat its li,i;ht should servu not only to dis-
cover tho wonders of nature, but to dispense!
over every part lifo and lieat ; and at tlie saiiui
timo they liavo commanded tli(! moon and stars
to illumino tlic uii^lil, which of itself is dark and
oliHcure. Is there anylhini? more worthy of ad-
miration tliaii this variety and vicissitud:' of day
and nij^lit, of liiiht and darkness, of labor and
rest; and all this for tlio convenience and f^ooil
of man V" HocTates enuinerat(!S in like manner
the intlnito advantii,£i;(!S wo receive from liro and
water for tlm necessaries of life. . . . "All
the.so thiiifjs," .said Eutliydemus, "m.ik(! mo
doubt whetlier tlui^ods have any other employ-
ment than to shower down their (j:ifls and liene-
flta upon mankind." — IIollin'h Hist., Hook 9,
ch. 4. g 4.
4551. PROVIDENCE In Hiatory. Ji<:if/>i of
Jdiacs ir. I See No. 45.")S. I Th<! task [of invad-
ing England J would indeed have been too ardu-
ous even for sucli a statesman as the Princ(f of
Oraiufe, had not his cliief adversaries been at
this time smitten witli an infatuation sucli as liy
manj"^ men not prone to superstition was as-
cribed To the sp(>ci;d judgment of God. Not only
was the King of lOngland, as lie had ever lieeii,
Rtupid and ])erverse, but even the counsel of the
politic King of France was turned into foolisli-
ncss. Whatever wisdom and energy could do,
W'lllliim did. Tliom< obMtacle<4 wlilcli no wUdom
or encri^y could ha>e overcome, IiIh ciieriilL'i
thenisclveM Ntudioiisly removed, . , , l.oiiis. by
two oiiposlti! errors, raised ai^aiiiNt liiiiiMcIf at
Miiro llie resentment of both the reli>fioiis iiarlieit
.M tweeii which Wesiern Miiropi" was divided.
Ilavinif alienated one ^rreat Hcction ofi hiisten-
doin by iierHi'cutIng the lliiiriienols, lie alienated
another liy insulting the Holy Hee. Tliesr faiiltH
he cotnmitled at n coii|uiicliire at w hicli no fault
(iiuldbo <'ommitled \\llli impunity, and under
the eye of an opponent second in viirilan. e, mi-
L'acity, and eiiiTgy to no stiiteMman whose mem-
ory history lias preserved. William saw with
slerii delight his ailversiirics lolling to cli'ar
awav obstiulo iifti'r olisiade from his palli.
While they raised against thenisclveH the cn-
milyof all sects, lie labored to concilialeiill, Tho
great design which he mediialed he wiili exipil-
sile skill presented to dilTeri'tit governineiits In
dilTereiit liglils ; and it must lu' added that,
though these liiihts were dilTerent, none of Iheiii
was false. — .M.vi'AiM-.vv's Kno., ch. 1), p. HHl, KM.
<IA5!l. . I*f//iiio'itk Coloin/. Had
New Ktighind been coloni/.ed immediately mi
till) discovery of the .Vmerican continent, tlio
old Hnglisli Instiliilions would liavi* been plaiit-
ei' under the iiowerlul inlluenci! of the Koman
Catholic religion ; liad tliesettlinicnt been inadu
uniier l')li/.abelii, it would have been before ac-
tivity of tliu popular mind in religion had con-
ducted to a corresponding activity of mind in
politics. — Uanciiokt'h U. S. , vol. 1, ch. .H.
^.W!!. PROVIDENCE, National. (.'iY<it Urit-
iiiii. No man of Knglish extraction would have
risen to eminence, except by becoming in s|)eccli
and Jiabits ii Frenchman. Kngland owes Iiit
escap(! f roni sucii calamities to an event wliicli
her historians have generally rcpresentcil as dis-
astrous, llcr interest was so directly opposed
to th(! interest of lier rulers, that she liad no hope
])iit in thi'ir errors and inisforlunes. I'lie talents
and even tho virtues of her six tirst French
kings wer(! a (airso to her. The follies and \ ices
of tho seventh were lier salvation. Had .John
inherited the great ((ualities of his fatlier, . . .
and liad tin; King of Franco at t!ie same tim(?
I n as inciipable as all tho otlier successors of
Hugh Capet had been, the housoof Flantagenet
must liiive risen to unrivalled nscendcnc}- in
lOuropc!. Jiiit just at this conjuncture France,
for the tirst lime since tlio death of (^liaricinagne,
was governed by a j)riiice of great firmness and
ability. On tlie other hand, Kngland, whicli,
since tlm lialtle of llasliiigs, liad lieen ruled gen-
erally liy wisi! statesmen, alwajs by bravo sol
diers, fell under tli(! dominion of a triller and a
coward. From that moment lier prospects
briglitened. John was driven from Normandy.
Tlie Norman nobles were compelled to make
their election iiet ween the island and the conti-
nent. . . . Tlie gr(!al-gnind.sonsof tlioso who hud
fought under William and llie great-grandsons
of those wlio had fought under Harold began to
draw near to eacii otlier in friendsiiip, and tht;
tirst jiiedgo of their reconciliation was the Great
("harter, won by their united exertions, and
framed for their common benefit. — Macaulays
En(j., ch. 1, p. 14.
4551. PROVIDENCE, Overruling. }TMonx.
In 181."> tliu ]{ev. liarnabas Shiiw went from
PnOVIDENCE-PROWESS.
fi30
EnulAnd n« n nitMHtonnry to Hio Afrti-nnN. Ar
rising at ( 'ik|i<< Town, I lie >;iivi'tiiiii<'nt |>riililliltr<|
\i\h liiIiorliiK tlicrc, iiiid with liU ilrvolid wife Im
Ntnrtctl fur llio hi'ttlluii trilNM In (hi! liiti-rlor. \
wit^iiii iiiiil <i\i'ti >V('ri< tliriruiiitlt, 1111(1 lint know-
in^ wliiilici' llicy went ttuy (iiiitlniit'd lliiir
wcury Joiii'iii'v , iiiiirs 1)11 tint rvciiin^ of tlio
twL'iily Mcviiiiri day lli'y nut ti party of llotlcii-
tolM, liccDiiipiiiiii'd liy II t'liicf, wild i'ii('aiii|M'd
mar tlit'in. Mliiivv i inniniiiiiriitcd wlili tluni,
and to IiIm Niirprlxo learned that, liiivln^ lieard
of IIhi "(lieat Word, " llie chief wan Kohi^ to
Ciipi'Towii to Meek II ChriNliaii intNNioniirv for hii
|Mto|)h>. lie ha t already travelled two liiiiidred
ndleM, and lliero went yet nearly thre- liiindred
iM'fore he eoiild reiieli ('ape Town, wlieni it wiiH
ciTtain lid could olitalii no iireaclier. . . , llail
oitlicr party Htiirted hut half an hour earlier on
ItH Journey they must htivit missed each oilier.
— Htkvknh' .Mktiiodihm, vol. !t. J). Hti:i.
4aAA. PROVIDENCE, Protecting. Wi/liomof
Oriinr/fi. | Ity soljeilatioii of I'roiestanlM lie In-
viided Kn^daiid. I 'Plio iliseniliarkalion had hard-
ly been elTei ted when the wind ro->o iiij:ain, and
Hwelled into ii llerce jjaio from the west. Tlio
nu'iny |nnder .lames IF.], coming; In jmrMiit
down tlu) Channel, liiid lieeii Htopped ]iy tint Haiiio
chiin^u of went her whii h enalileij William to
land. DnrliiLC twixlays Hut kin^r's licet lay onnn
unrullieii sen in wi^dit of Hiik liy Head. .\l,
1cii;;tii|AdmlnilJ Dart mouth wasiiliki to proceed.
lU'. piLSHcd tho IsU) of Wight, and ono of his
HhipH ciuiu) In Might of tho Duti h topmasts in
Torlmy. .Inst at this moment hi^ ua.s encoun-
tered hy the tempest, and compelleil to tako
shelter in tlu; harbor of I'orlsniouth. . . . 'i'hn
weather had inileed served tlaj I'rotestant cause
so well that some men of more piety than judg-
ment fully lielieved the ordinary laws of nature
to have heen suspended for the preservtilion of
llip litierty and religion of England. Exactly ii
hundred years hefon>, tliey wild, tlu; Armiidft, in-
vincilihihy man, had hecn scattered by the wrath
of (Jod. Civil freedom and dixino truth were
again in jeopardy ; and again the obedient cle-
menl.s had fought for the good cause. The wind
had lilown strong from the cast while the prince
wished to .sail ilown the Channel, had turned to
the south when he wished to enter Torbay, had
Hunk to u calm during the disembarkation, and,
lus soon a.s tho disembarkation was comiileted,
had riseu to a siorm, and liad met tho pursu-
VTH in tho face. (See ISO. iHd'i.] — Macaui.ay'b
Eno., oh. y, p. 417.
4A56. FBOTIDENCE, Special. Prfsrri'fttion.
Richard Roddii, ii Cornish miner, was saved from
fludden death while on his knees in prayer. He
had knelt but about two minutes when the earth
gave way above liim ; a large .stone fell befoni
him and roaclied above; Iiis head ; miotherfellat
biH right hand, and a third on his left, each, like
the first, being higher than liimself ; a fourth
fell upon these about, four inches above him, and
sheltered him. Had lie bi'en in any other post-
ure he would have beiin crushed. — Stkvknh'
MKrnoDis.>f, vol. 2, p. 148.
-1557. PBOVIDENCE, Submission to. Sorratiti.
lie cites an e.vcellent jirayer, from a poet whose
name has not come down to us : *'(}reat Ood,
give us, we beseech thee, those good things of
which wo stand in need, wliethcr we crave them
or not ; and remove from iim all thoM> which nnty
be hurtful to us, even though we implore thetil
of Thee. "--Koi.l,IN'« lIlHT., vol. I, llook t), ch. 4,
p. '.m.
MUn. P10VIDE5CE, Tnut In. II7///W/;. , /•i//<.-rt
tif Oniii;/i\ A^ the time of nlrlkiiig the great
blow tirew near, the anxiety of William becamo
Intense, Kroin common eyes lii-< feelings wero
concealed by the icy tranipiillits of his demean-
or ; but his wliolo heart was open to lleiiiiiK k.
The preparations wen; not iiulle complete. Tlni
disijrn was alreadv suspected, and coulil not lon>^
be cnncealed. 'I he King of I'Valice or the city
of Amstenlam might Ntlll friisliale the wholo
iilaii. If l.ouis were to send a great force into
Itrabant, If the faction which hated the stadt-
holder were to rals<' Its head, all w. is over. " .My
sullerlngs, my disquiet," tho prince wrote, " aro
ilreadful. 1 hardly hi'o my way. Never In any
life did I HO much fi'cl the need of (Jod's guiil-
aiici'."— [See No. -l.'irM. ] Macai'I.av'h Knu.,
ch. 0, p. 412.
4AA9. . Ahnihaiti. T.inroln. I Fare-
well aildress tohis neighbors at Mprlngtielil. HI.,
Eebruiiry U, iMdO. lie was soon to be inaugu-
rated over a broken Union.] My Friends ; No
one not in my |iosilioncan a|ipreciate thi> sadnen.<i
1 feel at this parting. To this people I owe all
that 1 am. Hero 1 liavo lived more than a quar-
ter of a century ; hero my children were born,
and here one of them lies buried. I know not
how soon 1 shall flee you again. A duty devolves
upon mi! which Is, perhaps, Renter than that
which liii!) devolved upon any other man sinco
thedays of Washington, lb; never could havo
Huccc'eded except for the aid of divine Providence,
upon which h(! at all times relied. I feel that f
cannotBUcceed without thcsame Divine aid whicFi
sustained him, luid on the Hamit Almighty iiein;;
I place my reliance for support, and 1 hope you,
my frienefs, will all pray that I may recteive that
Divine assistance, without which I cannot suc-
ceed, but with which success is certiun. Agala
I bid you all ati afreetionate I'ureweil. — Uay-
MONu's JjIncoln, ch. 6, p. 131.
4560. PROVIDENCE, Vindication of. ra-M-
rittion. The gardens and circus of Nero on tho
Vatican, which wero liolluled with the blood of
tho first (Miristians, have been rendereii still moro
famous by tho triumph and by the abuse of tho
persecuted religion. On tho Hame spot, a tem-
i>le, which far Kiirpas.ses the ancitjnt glories of
the Capitol, has lieen since erected hy the Chris-
tian pontilTs, who, deriving their claim of uni-
versal dominion from an liumble flshernnin of
(Jalilee, have succeeded to the throne of tho
Cu'sars, given laws to the barbarian coniiuerors
of Home, and extended their spiritual jurisdic-
tion from tho coast of the Haltie to the sliores of
the Paeitie Ocean. — (JiiutoN's Homk, ch. 1,
p. 18.
4561. PROWESS, Military. TJwna;; General
Bclmtrinn. At the head of one thousand hor.se,
the H(mian general sallied from the P^laminiaii
gate to mark the ground of an advantageous po-
silion, and to survey tlie camp of the baiba-
riaiis ; but while he still believed tlicin on the
other side of the Tiber, he was suddenjy en-
compassed and a.s.saulted by their numerous
squadrons. The fate of Italy depended on his
life ; and the deserters pointed to the eouspicu-
m
54(t
rLLrn-PLNISILMENT.
iV t
oils Ikiisc.ii l)iiy, with a wliitii fare, wliicli he
nidc III! that, iiiciiioraljltMla^ . " Aitii at the Imy
liorsc," \va.s llic universal cry. Every l)i)W was
licnt, ('Very javelin was diree'ied against tlial I'a-
lal <)l)ji'ct. and the comiiiaiid was reijcaled and
oheycd l)y llioiisands who were ii^nioraiil of its
real motive. The holder haihariaiis advaiKcd
to the more lioiioralile eomhat of swords and
spears; and the praise of an enemy has graced
fill 'all of Visandus, the s.andani hearer, who
maintained his foiv losl station, till he was
j)iereed with thirteen woniids, perhaps hy tln^
iiaiid of lielisarius himself. 'I'iie Kornaii jren-
oral was Strom;-, active, anil dexterous ; on ever\'
side he di.schar;j;e(i his weiiility and mortal
stroUcs; his faithful laniards imitated his valor,
imd defended his person ; and the Oolhs, .aflei'
llie loss of a, thousand men, tied hefoic the arms
of a iiero, 'rii(y were rashly pursued to their
camp ; and the Romans, oppressed liy inulli-
tiides. inad(! a gradual, and at len^^th iipreeijii-
tate retreat to the ijates of the city; thcf^ales
were shut ajr.'iiusl liie fuurilives ; and the puhlie
terror was increa.sed hy the; re|)ort that Heljsii-
rius was slain. Hiscounlenanee was indeed dis-
liijured hy sweat, dust, and hlood ; his voice
was hoarse, his stren^^tli was almost, e.xliausled ;
but his uiicoiKiueralile sjjirit still remained ; he
imi>arted that spirit to his despoiidimr eompaii-
ions ; 'md their last des|)erat(! charge was fell hy
the llyim;- harharians, as if a new army, vigor-
ous ,ind entile, had been poured from "llie city.
The Flaminian gate was thrown open to a real
(riuin|>h, . . . 'V\h' exami)l(^ of Heli.sarlus may
be added to the rare examples of llc'ery IV'., of
Pvrrims, and oi Alexander, — Giuho.n's IIo.mk,
v(\. 11, p, Kil,
45<>'2. PULPIT, Conservatism of the. Politirn.
I In Ki'Jt), in the great contests between I'arlia-
nient and (Mnirlcs I.,] the ])ri'tensioiis of th(^
<ro\vn were advocated from the pulpit, and the
(Ijsolx'dient w(T(! threatened with more than tem-
jxjrnl penalties. — KsKiirr's En(!,, vol, M, ch. 25,
1.. :5!I2.
•Ii»«:{. PULPIT controlled. .Jiimct 11. [In
IfiSOl tli(! king, as the head of the Church, had
issue(l,as directions to the clergy, not to intro-
<lucc into their pulpits any discussion upondoc-
Ir'tial ])oinls which were matte's of contro-
ver.sy. — IvNidirr's IOnc.., vol. 4 ch, 2(i, p, 408,
45«» I. PUNISHMENT, Capital. Eiiiiland, a. n.
\Hy-\. The gaiiu' laws, i)arcelling out among the
large pro])ri(4()rs the exclusive right of liunling,
. . . were maiiit;iiiied with relentless severity ;
and to steal or even to hamstring a slice]) was as
much punished \:y death as murder or treason.
During the resign of George III. sixty-three new
capital olTepces had been added to the criminal
laws, and five; revv ones on the average contin-
ued to be discovered aimualiy ; so that the code
of Englimd, formed under ifie intluencM' of the
nir.il gentry, seemed written in blof)d.^B.\N-
<'iioi"i's r. S., vo!. 5, cli. ;').
45«r», PUNISHMENT deserved. 7'/V'/.v Ontix.
JAuthor of th(^ infamous liction of the poi)ery
plot. ;Si'e No, 4'3l;{, ] His olTeiice, though, in
iv moral light, in irder of the most aggravated
kind, was, intlu: eye of the l.iw, merely a mis-
demeanor. The tribunal, however, was desir-
ous to nial-Aj his punishment more severe than
that of felons or tniitors, and not merely to
]Mit liim to death, but to {)iit him to death
by friglilful torments. He was sentenced to
be stripped of his clerical habit, to be ])il-
loricd in i'alaee Yard, to be led rouinl West-
minster Hall with an inscription ('."daring his
infamy over his hciid, to be pilloried again in
front of the Uoyid Ivxeh.Miige, to be whip|)ed
from Aldgale to Newgale, and, after an interval
of two days, to be whipped from Newgate to
Tyliurn, If, against all prob.aliility, he should
happen to sur\ive this horrible inlliclion, he
was to be Kept a close prisoner during life, i''i\('
times every year he was to be brought forth
from his dungeon and exposed on the pillory in
dilTerent jjarts of the capital, [lb; biU'ely sur-
vived. )—.M.\(Ai;i,.\v's EN(i,, ch. 4, p. 44!),
'1500. . .]f»iir:;»iijlt'. Mour/oulle
|a tyrant of ('onftantiiio|ile| was received with
smiles and honors in the camp of his father
Alexins; but the wicked can never love, and
should rarely trust, tln'r fellow-criniiiials ; lie
was seized in the bath, deprived of his eyes,
stri|)|ied of his t-oops and treasures, and Iui'ikmI
out to wander r.ii object of horror and contempt
to those who with more iiropriety could hale,
and with inon^ justice could ))Uiiish, the assassin
of the emperor Isaac and iiis son. As the tyrant ,
])ursued by fear or remorse, was stealing over to
Asia, he was sei/eil by the Latins of ('onstanti-
nol)le, iind condeiuncd, after an oi)eii trial, to
an ignominious death. His judges debated the
mode of his execution — IIk; axe, the wheel, or
the stake ; audit was resolved that iNbaii/oiide
should ascend the Theodosian column, a pill.ar
of wliit(! marble of oiu; liundred and foriy-scven
feci in height. From Hie summit lie was cast
(I )wn headlong, and dashed in pieces on the
])avement, in the presence of iiiiiumerable spec-
tators, who tilled the forum of Taurus. — (Jm-
lio.N's Ko.MK, ch. Gl, ]). ]()!}.
■I5«7. PUNISHMEInT, Effective. J'rowpt. [In
1(U7 \\w " Levellers" ami " Agitators" wert; nu-
merous in Cromweirs army. Some of the regi-
ments ajipcar with jjajvers in their hats of " Li!-
erty for England, their rights for the soldiers."
(icnenil Fairfax commands them to tear them
out, and they shout in derision.] Cromwell e\-
(daims, " Take that jiaper out of yotir hats."
They refuse. Hi; rushes into th(! ranks, orders
foiirteen of the mutineers to be seized ; a drum-
head court-martial is assembled, and three are
condemned to death. The council of otlicers
order that they sliiill draw lots which shall deter-
mine Hie fate of one. The immediate execution
of that one restored die army to its \\dnted dis-
cipline — Kmomt's I'.No., vol. 4, ch. 0, p. 87.
.I50S. PUNISHMENT, Excessive. E,l iraril
Flojid. |Inl()',M Edward Floyd, a Konuiii C.itho-
li( i)arr'ster, expressi'd his joy '.lial " good man
l*alsgra\(' and goochsife Palsgrave" had been
driven from Prague ; when it was known] there
was no punishment too terrible to be inilicted
ui)on the deliiKiuent — whipping, the iiillory, bor-
ing of his tongue, nailing of his ears, were small
justice forsiich an olfcnce. The House went lie
yond its ])owers in passing a liea\y seiilence upon
I'Moyd without heiiriiighim. Heapiiealed totlie
king, denying the accusation against him. , , .
The Lords contirmed the sentence, with addi-
tional severities. Wliii)ping, wiiicli was a part
of thi.s .sentence, wa.s remitted on the motion of
\
PUNISHMENT.
541
Prince Cliarlcs. 'I'lic iinlmppj' man uiKlcrwcnf
llic otluT unjust punisluncnt — to pay aline of
£5()()(), and In he iniin'isoncd I'di' lilc. "'I'liiTu
i-i surely no inshince," s!iys Mr. Ilallun), " in tlic
annals (if our own, and hardly any civilized foun-
liT, where u Irillinn' olVi'nce, if it were one, lias
been visited with such oulraneous cruelly." —
K.Mciir's ivNd., vol. ;;, eh. -M. p. ;i>*\.
t: \ PUNISHMENT ineffective, Capital.
//((//■,,/ii/. [In l.')i)!) tliell was punished by hani.;-
inv; ; thieves wcri; often hun^^ twenty to;,'ethcr
upon one ^allows ; neverthcliss thieves were in
every plac(\ A traveller lia.s recorded that] peoi)lo
are tal<en uj) every day by dozens, like birds in a
covey, and es()eeially in London ; yet for all this
1 hey never cease to rob and murder in the siret'ts.
— Knioht's 1'j.N(;., \o1. 'J, eh. I."), p. :>.■);{,
1570. PUNISHMENT of the Innocent. f/u'i,a.
'I'hci'e is nolhinn' more barbarous in the pro.secn-
tlon of crimes in China than that custom, bor-
rowed from the Scythians, by which all the re-
lations of a crinunal, to tin ninth degree, ari^ sub-
jected to the sal"." ]iunislunenl as the olTender
lumself. 'I'hc h,.sban 1 sullers for the f,ndlt of
his wife, the father for that of In.s children.
Where the falhei- is dead, the eldest .son is re-
sponsible forall the younu^er, and each for lach.
'rvri.Kii's Hist,, Hook (J, eh. :24, p. ;5-t7.
•1571. . (niildirn. The intluence
of the eunuch Eulropius was unbounded with
[Arcadins] his sovereii;n ; but thouudi courleil.
as we may su|)i)ose, like all other minisiers, by
the parasites of tlu- court, he was deservedly de-
tested by the people. .V striking monument of
his fears from the popular odium, and the appre-
hension of undergoing that fate which he merit-
ed, appears in that most siuiguinary of the Ito-
man statutes, the law of Arcadins and Honorius,
for the i)unishmenl of those who should conspire
the death of the emperor's nuiusters. A eapital
punisiiment was inllicled on the olVender Jiim
.self ; ills declared that his children shidi be per-
petually infamous, incapable of all inheritance,
of all oHice or em|)loyment ; that they shall lan-
guish in want and nd'sery, so that life" itself shall
be a punisiiment to them, and death a consola-
tion. — Tv ri.Kits Hisr., Hook 5, eh. 5, p. 14.
•Lira. PUNISHMENT in Tind. T/khoik. [The-
.s(!us, the founder of Attica,) ])Ul a period to the
cruelties of Damastes, surnamed I'rocrustes,
making his body lit the ni/.c of his own beds, as
he had served strangers. Thesi' things- he did in
imitation of Hercules, who .always returned iipo/i
the aggressors tin; same; sort of Ireatmenl which
they intended for him ; for that hero .sacrilieed
liiisiris, kilh'd Antivus in wreslling. Cygmis in
single combat, luid brck" the skull of Termcrus,
whence this is called the 'I'ermerian nuschief ;
for Termcrus, it seems, destroyed the pas,sengers
he met, by dashing his head against theirs. 'I'hns
Theseus pursm'il his travels to punish abandoned
wretches, who sulTered the same kind of death
from him thai they iidlicled on others. — Pi.t-
T.\ii(ii's Tiii;sKcs.
ta^'i. PUNISHMENT, Parental. Li/t/irr. The
l)arents reai'cd their .son Mar'ni in the fear of (}od
and in the love of good works. Hut their di.sci-
l)line was strict and severe, asthey themselves en-
dured hard toil in gaining a livelihood. •' My
fiitlier," relates Luther, " on one occiisiou Hogged
me so severely that I ran awav, and was embit-
tered against him until he gracltially regained my
all'ections. ( )n another occasion inymolher. be
( anse of a mere luH, whi|i|)ed me so hard thai 'Ik;
blood Mowed. Hei' severe and earntsi Irealmcnl
of me led me to enter a cloisU'r and become a,
monk. IJut in their hearts they meant it well witli
me, and made but one nuslake, in that they did
not discern the dilVerent disposilionsaccording to
which all |)nnishments should be adnurnslered.
Koi- \,(' ought to punish so that the a|i|>le go hand
in hand with the rod." — Kioi.n's JiiTHi:i{, ( h. )i,
p. 1!).
1571. PUNISHMENT, Partiality in. RmiKtn^.
The malefactors who replenish our jails are iIki
oulcastsof society, and thecrimes lor w liich they
.sutler may be commonly ascribed to ignorance,
poverty, and brntid appclit<'. For the perpetra-
tion of sinnlar enornntics, a vile plebeian nught
! claim and abuse the sacred character of a mem-
j ber of the republic ; but, on the proof or suspi-
cion of guilt, the slave or the stranger was nailed
! to across; and this strict and summary justieu
! nught be exercisec' without restraint over the
I greatest part of the populace of Home. — Uin-
i noNs Ko.Mi.;, eh. 44, ]). \Vi'.\.
! '1575. PUNISHMENT, Retaliation in. IV.w-
I (I'ltlin. The Visigoth code provides that for every
j oll'ence for whi^h there is not a special slalutory
I punishment the ikviki iii/icii/.f slKudd lake jilaec^
It was a very ample e.vtension of this retaliation,
that he who wilfully set fire to a house was burnt
hinistlf. If a judge, corrupted by bribery, con-
denuied an innocent man !o imnishment, he suf-
fered the lik(! i)unishmenl him.self.— 'I'vi i,i:ii's
Hist., Hook 5, eh. 7, p. 45.
'I57«. PUNISHMENT, Rule of. lio„uia /.air.
A sin, a vice, a crime, are the objects of theology,
ethics, and jurisprudence. Whenever their judg-
ments agree, they corroborate each other ; but a.s
fte- ;is they (lifTi'r a prudent legislator ajipie-
ciates the guilt and )tunishment according to tin;
measure of social injury. On this ]irinciple tin;
most daring attack on the life and jiroperty of a
jirivate citizen is judged less atrocious than tlu;
crime of tteason or rebellion which invades thu
iiiiijruti/ i'i the re])ublic. — (InuioNs Komi;, eh, 44,
p. i{77.
4577. PUNISHMENT necessary, Severe. < 'ivia-
inlL [Cromwell jnstitied the lerrilile and w holc-
. .de slaughter of the royalists at Drogheda and
NVexfoni by stating that it would prevent the ef-
fusion of Idood in the future. An enlightened and
truly pio\is iniiuster writes of this Irish cam-
paign :| ■' For nine years a most insam wai' ban
been raging. Cromwell, by nuTciftd severity,
concludes it in tune months." — Kniout's Fmi ,
vol, 4, eh. S, p. 1'j:i,
457*. PUNISHMENT, Severity in. llnmaii.
h'l/i/xr'ir Anftliiiii. A single instance will servo
to display tlu^ rig. r and t'ven cruelty of Aurt:-
lian. One of the soldiers had seduced the wifu
of his liost. 'I"he guilty wretch was fasteiad to
two trees forcibly draw n toward each othci-, and
his liml)S were torn asunder by their sudden .sep-
aration. A few such examples impressed a .sal-
utary consternation. The punishments of Aure-
lian were terrible, but he had seldom occasion to
j)unish more than once the same offence. — Giii-
uon'b Rome, eh. 11, p. 340.
'A-i
PUNISIIMKNT— QUAC'KEliY.
m ;
■ISrO. PUNISHMENT, Terrible, /ii/ Vqu-rH.
[Ill puiiisliinciil for sedition, the Uoiiiiiiis shut
iii)l one {'jiiiis liilliiiH in ;i ciisk witli xipcrs
iinil other serpents, iinti left iiini to perish in
tlnit cruel nmnner. — Pi, rr Mien's 'liiiinuis
OnAccms,
'I5M0. FUROATORY, Compensations in. Mo-
hitmditn. Tile nood and evil ot' cMch .Mussiil
niiin will he aeeuriilel v weitclied in ii real oral
U'lforical halaiiee ; and a singular mode of coin-
lieiisatioii will lir allowed for the payment, of in
juries : the aLf^ressoi' will refund an e(piivalent
(if his own .!j:oo(1 jflions, for the heiietil of the
person whom he lias wronii-ed ; and if lie should
lie destitute of any moral property, the weii^hl
of his sins will be loaded with an adequate share
<if the demerits of the sutrerer. Aecordiiii^ us
the shares of iruill or virtue shall jireponderale,
till' seiiteiiee will he proiiouiucd, and all, with-
iiut distinction, will pass over thes|iar|) and |ier
ilous liridL;( of the abyss; imt the innocent,
ireadiiiL; in the footsteps of Mahomet, will nlo-
rioilsly enter the fTRles of paradise, while the
,UMiilly will fall into the first and mildest of the
seven lii'lN, The term of expiation will vary
from nine hundred to seven thousani' years ;
but the p!ii]ihel li;e jidiciously promised thai
<(ll his disciple--, whateM-r may be their sins
shall be sjimmI, by their own faith and ]iis in-
teree«sion, from eternal dainnati< ■ -(tinnoN's ;
Komi:, eh ."it), p. 1 l!t. j
mm. PURGATORY, Mahometan. I'lini.thin, nt !
///. In the -M ihomel.ui theolo/;}' (/^ (^v(/' sinni-
fie^ the wall of sep.'irution between lieaven and
hell, and cnires|)(ii:,ls somewhat to the pn:
U'atory of ilie Latin church. Siltiiii;' astride Oi
this wall are those wlios(^ irood and I'vil deeds
.so exactly balance each other, that .hey (h'serv.'
neither hea\ en nor hell, and those o'fi r, who fjo
to w;ir \\ith(iul their p;iri 'its' consent and fall in
battle. 'rii(>e last jire martyrs, and tire there-
fore |ireseiveil from hell ; but iiiiis;, i li as they '
li;ive disolieyed their p.-u'cnts commands, are not
deemed worllcvof he;i\-en. — Am. ' 'v< I.oi'kdi.v, '
" At, Ait.M-. " [
15S2. PURITAN, Description of, H.i.jlish. \
'Yhv extreme I'uiiian wasal on-c known from ,
other men by his n'ait, his ^;arb, his lank hair, i
the sour solemnity of his face, 'he up'urned '
while of liis ey<'s, the nasal twinuj; with which
lie spok", and, above all, i y his p ■, uliai dialect.
He employed on every occ,'isio,i the iinai,fery '
and style of Scri|)ture. i lebraf-ms violently,
introduced into the !']iu;lish lai.ruam', . . , and .
;il)|ilie(l to the cominoii concerns of Kmilish life,
wi're the nio ! --trikinM- peculiarities of lliis cant, i
which moNc'd, n, : wiihoiit cause, thi' derision
both (if prcl.iiisis and libertines. — M.\c.vri,.\v's j
.IOn(... ( !i. 1 , ji. 7t!.
■|.»n;{. PURITANISM vs. Chivalry. .\nr En<i-
Idiiilirs. it'll hud the sectarian crime of intol-
lerance. chi\:ilry had the vices of dissoluteness. ,
The Kniii'hls were bra\'e from irallanlry of spirit ;
the Puritans from the fciirof (Jod. The Knif,dils
wci'c jiidud of loyalty ; the Puritans of liberty.
The Kniizhts did homaixe to inonurehs, in whose
smile they beheld honor, whose rebuke was the
wound of disi^racc ; the Puritans, disdaininii:
ceremony, would not howjit the name of .lesus,
nor beiKl the knee to the Kin(^ of kinns. Chiv- i
airy delighted in outward show, favored pleas- '
lire, multiplied ainu.semciits, and de^'raded tho
human race by an exclusive respect for llu.'
privilegei! classes ; ]*uritaiiism bridled the jxis
sions, commanded the virtues of self denial, and
rescued the name of man from dishonor. The
former valued courtesy ; the latter justi<'e. 'I'he
former adorned society by i,,naceful rclincineiits ;
the latter founded national grandeur on univer-
sal eilucation. B.\.N( t(oi'"i''s r. S., vol. l,ch. 10.
I5N.I. PURITANISM, Peculiarities of. Kni/
Hull. 'I'lie (•xtreme Puritans, therefore, began to
feel fortlie(;id Teslaiiieiit a ])reference which,
perhaps, they did not diNtinclly avow even to
Ihein.selves, lint which slio\M'd itself in all their
sentiments and hiibits. 'i'liey baptized their
children by the names, not of ("hrislian saint.s,
but of Hebrew patriarchs and warriors. In (h'-
tiaiice of the ex])ress and reilerated declarations
(.f I/Utli( r and Calvin, they turned the weekly
festiv.d by which the Cliurch h.'id, from the
primitive times, coinim moraled the resurrection
of her Lord, into .i .Jewish Sabliath. They
sought for prinei])les of juris|)rudence in the
Mos.'ue law. and for precedents to guide their
ordinary conduct in the books of Judges and
Kings. Their thoughts and discourses ra . much
(111 acts ^^•llich were ussiiredlv not recorded as
■\!imi)les for our imitation. The ])ro])het who
hewed in pieces a cajilive king ; the rebel g(Mi-
eral who gave the blood of a i|neen to the dogs ;
the matron who, in detiancc of |)lighted faith,
and of the la.vs ;)f Eastern hospitality, drov(! the
nail into the lirain ot the fugitive ally who had
just fed at her board, and who was .sleeping un-
der the sh.'idow of her lent, were pri)po,s(;d iis
models to Christians sulTering under th(^ tyranny
of iirinces and jirelates.— Sl.,\c.\t;i,AY',H" Eno.",
ell 1, p. 74.
I5N5. PURITANS despised. Pitcr Conp,,-. It
has been too common to sneer at the Puritans.
but sa^-s Macaulay, " No miin e\('r did it ,vho
hud occasion to meet them in the halls of (lebat<'.
or cross swords with them on the field of battle."
If then; over was a man of this tyjie— if there
ever was ii man who can led a lion-hciirted conr
age and believing soul in his bosom — if there
ever was a man who never (juailed, or never could
(piail, in the jiri'sence of earthly or infernal
])owers, (hat man was Peter Cooiier.--Li';KTKK's
LiKK ot-' Pi:ri-:u Cooi'i-in, p. lio.
.|5M<i. PURITY, Sentimental. Kdinml III.
[.\mong men the betrayal of women is ncwj
" held a j^anie ; " . . . nowhere was the deteriora-
tion of sentimenl on this head more strongly
typitieil than in Edward III. himself. The king,
wiio (if tlie ])leusing tale be true which gave rise
to .some beautiful scenes in an old J'^nglish d"a-
mu) h.ad in his early days royally renounced an
I'liluwful jiussioii for the fair ''ountess of Salis-
bury, came to be accused of at once violiiting hi.s
conjugal duty and neglecting his military glory
for the sake of strange women's charms. Th('
founder of the Order of the Uarter — tluMlevice
of which "iijoined ])nrity even of thought as a
principle of conduct — died in the hands of a ra-
liacious courtesan. — W.vkd'w Cii.\t(Ki{, eh. 1.
\!*H7. QUACKERY, Experiment in. Ciito. [II-
advised iiis son to beware of all physicians.] He
added that he himself had written a little treat
i.se, ill which he had set down his method of
cure, and the regimen he jireseribed when any
QUACKKKY— QUAIIKEL.
54:5
OojK )'. 1 1
'uritiuis,
1 it A'lio
f (Ichalc.
fhiitllc."
-if tlicrc
(•(1 coiir
-if there
ei- could
infernal
-KSTKIt's
of Ills fiimily fell sick ; that he never rccoin-
nietided fiistiiifj, l)iit allowed tbern herbs, with
d\i<'k, i)i^eon, or hare, siieh kind of diet being
liii;hl and suitable for siek people, Iniving no oth-
er inconvenience but its making them dream ;
and thill willi these remedies and this regimen
he preserved him.self and his family. IJut his
self sutHeieney in tiiis respect went not unpun-
ished, for he lost bolli his wife and son. — PiiU-
TAKCII'S ("vro.
■•5«8. QUACKEEY, Superstitious. K Inn's
Tdiirli. [Edward the ConfessorJ ,vasa healer of
the sick and a restorer to sight of the blind. It
was he who tirst used " tlu^ )'„aling benediction,"
which he left to the " suceee<ling royalt}'," .so
tiiat even the ])U)iis Charles II. " touched" eight
thousand five hundred of his afllicted subjects in
one year, and one hundred thousand in the course
of his reign. — Knkiht'h En(i., vol. 1, cii. Vi,
p. KM.
liiStt, QUALIFICATION, Deficient. Philip. De-
mosthenes was ])erl'eclly accpiainted wiili the dis-
position of Philip, and was very far from prais-
iiiL'' him, like the generality of orators. Two
colleagues, with whom he had been associated
in an enil)assy to that great prince, were contin-
ually praising the King nl Macedonia at their re-
tAiru. and .saying that he was a vny elo(pient
an 1 handsome prince, and a most e\traordinar\
drinker. " Wh sirang(^ commendations are
these I" replied I "inostlienes. ' The tirst is iIk;
accomiilisiinicnt of a rhetorician ; the second ol
u woman ; and tiie third of a sjionge ; but none
of tiicni the ipialilication of a kini;-. ' — Kom.i.n's
11 1ST.. Book It). ^ 2.
4590. QUALITY more than Quantity. Wm
Ilainiilial having ordered his trooI)^i to arm, him-
.self, with a tew others, rode up to an eminence,
to take a view of the enemy now drawn up for
battle. One Giseo that accompanied him, a man
of nis own rank, happening to say the num-
bers of tlie enemy ai)pcared to him surprising,
Ilanidbal replied, with a serious countenance :
" There is another thing which has escaped your
observaJioi;, much more s\irprising than that,"
Upon his askiiig what it was : " It is," said he,
" that .iniong suo.h numbers not one of them is
named (iisco." [rle defeated the Komans with
'©rriijli; carnage. J — Pli;t.\U(ii's F.muis M,vx[-
MUS.
4501. . Sildlcrs. [Oliver CroiU;
■well expressed his opinion concerning the im-
j)ort;ince of good (juality in soldiers. J A few
honest men are better tliMi nmnbers. ... I h.ad
rather have a plain, russet-coated captain, who
knows what lie tights for, and loves what he
knows, than that \v'hich you cj.ll " a gentleman,"
and is nothing else. I honor n gentleman that
is so indeed. [He insisted that his soldiers should
be religious men, but left tlu; ])articular form
to tluar own choice.] — Knioht's Eno., vol. 4,
ch. 2, p. ','!).
45»2. QUALITY, Tested by. Swonlji. [The
Romans were; compelled to pay tribute to the
Maliitnietans.] Wlien the unnatural mother
of CJonstantine was deposed and banished, her
successor, Miccphorus, resolved to obliterate this
badge' of servitude and disgrace. The epistle of
the emperor to the caliph was pointed witli an
allusion to the game of chess, wliich had already
s|)read from Persia to Greece. " The queen (he
spoke of Irene) considered yo.i as a rook, and
herself a.s a pawn. That ])usillanimous female
submitted to pay a tribiUe, the double of which
she ought to have exacted from the barbarians.
Kestort! therefore the fruits of your injustice, or
abide the determination of the sword." At these;
words the ambassa<lors cast a bundle of swords
before the foot of tlu; throne. The caliph smiled
at tlu! menace, and drawing bis cimeter, w<//i-
xdiiuth, a weaiion of historic or fabulous renown,
he cut asunder the feebU; arms of the (ireeks,
without turning the edge or endangering ilw.
temper of his blade. He then dictated an epis-
tle of tremendous l)rc\ ity : "In the name of the
most mercifvil God, llaruri al Rashid, connnand-
er of the faithful, to Nicepliorus, the Roman
dog. I have read thy letter, O thou son of an
unbelieving mother. Tlutu shidt not h(!ar, thou
shall behold, my rejily." It was written in char-
acters of blood and tire on the plains of Phry-
gia ; and the warlike celerity of the Aral)s could
oidy be checked by the arts of deceit and the
sIk^.v of repentance. — Giiujon's Ho.mk, ch. U'l,
p. :5()9.
45»;i. QUABREL, Conjugal. Ikiijannii Thi>iii)i-
mill. [lie is better known as Rumford, the
Yaidcee count, who became distinguished for
his elTorts in behalf of the; poor.) 1I(! con-
tractcil an unfortunate marriage with a brill-
iant wealthy French widow, which embitter-
ed his closing years. She was wlioUv a woman
of the drawing-room. Ih; was an inventor, a
l)hil()soiiher, and a lover of order even to fanati-
cism. An infuriate " incompatibility" was raj)-
idly develoi)ed. One of their (piarrels he has
himself recorded : " A large jiarty had been in-
vited I neither liked nor api)rove(l of, and invit-
ed for the sole purjiose of vexing ine. Our
house (near Paris) was in the centre of the gar-
den, walled aro\in(i, with iron gates. 1 put on
my hilt, walked down to the porter's lodge, and
g:r ' him orders, on his jieril, not to let an}' one
in. jlesides, I took away the keys. Madame
went down, and when the company arrived slie
talked with them — she on one side, they on the
other, of the' high brick wall. After that she
goes iind ])ours boiling water on some of my
beautiful (lowers." — ■ CvcLOPEDi.\ ok Bioo.,
p. (ir)!).
15i>l. QUARREL, Degrading. Mtltoiin. Poets
:uid ai'tisis, more susceptible than practical men,
seem to live a life of jierpetual wrangle, . . . Ben
.lonson, Dryden, Pope, Voltaire, llousscau, be-
labor their enemies, and we see nothing incon-
gruous in tlieir doing so. It is not .so wlien the
awful majesty of Jlilton descends from the em-
pyrean throne of contemiilation U) use the lan-
guage of the gutter or the fish markrt. The
l)atlios is unthinkidile. The universal intellect
of Bacon shrank to llu.' paltry pursuit of jilace.
The disproportion ix'tween the intellectual ca-
paciousness and the moral aim jars u[ii'n the
seii.se of tiliiess, and the name of Bacon, wi.sest,
meanest, has passed into a proverb. Milton's fall
is far worse. It is not here a union of grasj) of
mind with an ignoble ambition, but the plunge of
the moral n.'iture it.self from the higliest heights
to that despicable region of vulgar .scurrility and
libel which is below the level of average gentility
and education. The name of Milton is a .sy. .onym
u
m
1 4
1 1
1 5
!
vlH
i;i
IS
i
1
r.
1
»|
['!
i
1
M\
Qr.VRREL— RACE.
for aultliinity. lie liiis endowed our lanjiuiiRO
with the loftiest jind iiolilent jioctry it poss> shch,
Mtid liie Slime man is found eiuployiuj^ speech
lor the most uiiworlliy purpose to wiiicii it cmm
lie put, tliiit of defiimiiii;- and \ ilifyin,!j: a jxTson-
id enemy, and an eiuiuy so mean that barely to
have been mentioneil hy Milton h.ad heeti an iion-
or to him. | i le defamed Mollis, 11 ])am))hleteer. ]
— Mii.ToN, iiv M. I'.\ri iso.N, eh. 10.
•Ii>«.'». QUARREL, A needless. J>a,l. IHe-
tvveen ComiiKidores l)e(alurand Barron. ) The
word lieiiiLC Lciveti, they tired .so e.xaclly tou:ether
that it sounded like tlie rejuirt of one jiistol.
Harron fell, badly wounded. Decatur wa.s
about 1'> !all, but was ciiiiuht, and staLTirered for-
ward u few steps, anil sunk down close to Har-
ron ; and, as they lay on the ground, both e.\-
jiectinj^ to die, they conveised together as fol-
lows, as near as could be collecled : " f^et us,"
.said Harron, " make friends before we meet in
heaven. Everythini; has been conducted in the
most h()noral)le manner, and 1 fori,dv(( you from
the bottom of my heart." " I have never been
your enemy," Decatur replied, "and I freely
forgive you my death, thouiji;!! I cannot fortfivV'
those who stimulated you to seek my life."
"Would to God," said" IJarron, " that you had
Paid as mucli yesterda}' !" According to one
witness, Decatur added: " God bless you, Har-
ron," To which Harron rei)lied, " (lod bless
you. Decatur." [Decatur dicfl and Harron sur-
vived. | — C"yci,<ii>i:i>ia of Hkk;., p. !);{.
'I596. QUARREL provoked. SiimiidJo/iuso/i.
When my mother li\cd in London, there were
two sets of j)eople, those who gave the wall,
and those who took it — tlu; jieaceabh! and the
(luarrelsome. When I returned to Lichfield,
after having been in London, my mother asked
mo whether I was one of those who gave; the
Avail, or those who took it. y»ir, it is fixed that
every m,an keeps to the right ; or, if one is tak-
ing the wall, another yields it ; and it is never a
dispute. — I}()swi;i.i,'s*JoiiNso\, p. 25.
4597. QUARREL. Shameful. Fredi-rick the
Girdt. [Voltaire was greedy. Frederick was
parsimonious. Voltaire was his chosen friend
and guest.] It is hiuniliating to relate that the
great warrior and statesmai; gave orders that his
guest's allowa'i;;- ;,r sugar and chocolate should
be curtailed. It is, if possible, a still more hu-
miliating fact that Voltaire indemnified him-
self by iiocketiiiir the wa\ candles in the royal
antechamber. — >Lvc'.\i:r-.vv'8 FiiicuKuit iv Tin-:
Gki;.vt.
459». QUESTIONS, Test. Alexaruhir'H. In the
course of [one of his Persian , expeditions he
took ten of the (ri/mnomtji/iiKts, who had beep
jirincipiJIy concerned in instigating Habbas to
revolt V.S these ten were reckoned the most
acute .and cincise in theii ,ui^. :•■••<. he jiiit the
most dilHculi questions to them that could 1 ■
thought of, ail 1 at the same time declared he
would put the firs' person that answered wrong
to death, and after 1 im all the rest. The oldest
man aiuong them -vas to be the judir . He de
manded of the first which \\ere most numer-
ous, the living or the dead. lie answered,
"The living, for the dead no longer exist." The
second was asked whether the earth or tiie se.a
produced the largest animals. l](> .answered,
" Tho earth, for the sea is jtart of it," Tlu;
third, wliich is the craftiest of all nnimals.
" That," said he, " with which man is not yet
aciiuainted." Tlie fourth, what was Ids reason
for persuading Sabi)as to revolt. " Hecause,"
.s.iid he, " I wished him either to live with honor
or to die as a coward deserves." 'I'lie ti!'t(i'
had this (|ueslion put to him, " Which do \i,a
think oldest, the day or the night?" Ilean-
swered, " The dav. by one day." As the king
apjieared surprised at this solution, the philoso-
pher told him abstruse ((iiestions must have
abstruse answers. Tin ?i addressing himself to
the sixth, he demanded, " What are the best
means for a man to maki; himself loved ?" Ilo
answered, "If pos.sessed of great jiower, do not
make yourself feared." 'i'he seventh was asked
how a man migiit become a god. He answered,
" Hy doing what is iin|)o.ssible for man to do.'
The eighth, " Which is strongest, life or death V"
" Life," said he, " because it bears so many-
evils." The last yuestion that lie i)Ut wa.s,
" How long is it good for a man to live V"
" As long," said the iihilosopher, "as he does*
not iirefer death to life. " Then turning to the
judge, he ordered him to give sentence. The old
man said, " In my opinion tliey have all an-
swered one worse than another." " If this is
thy judgment," said Alexander, " thou shall die
first." " No," replied the philosopher, " not ex-
cei)t you choo.se to break your word ; for you
declared the man that answered worst .should
first sulTer." — Pi.tr.vuni's AM':x.vndeu.
4599. QUESTION, Unanswered. Simonides.
The answer he gave; ii i)rince who asked him
what God was is nuich celebrated. That prince
was lliero, King of Syracuse. The [loet desired
a day to consider \.\w (piestion proposed to him.
On the morrow he asked two days; i.nd when-
ever he was called upon for his answer, he still
doubled the time. Tlie king, surprised at this,
behavior, demanded his reason for it. " It is," rc-
])lied Simonides, " because; the more I consider
the (piestion, the more obscure it seems. Quia
q'unito di'iitiuH CDiixidtro, tdiito mihi rctt tidetur
tilKtciirior." — Roi.i.in's IlrsT., Book 5, art. 9.
4000. RACE, Antipathy of. Rckin of Jamen
TT. [Roman (Catholic troops from Ireland were
brought into England to aid the king in the
overthrow of the Protestant faith.] Neither
[English] oflicers nor soldiers were dispo.sed to
l)ear patiently the preference shown by their
master to a foreign and a subject race. The
Duke of Berwick, who was colonel of the Plight 'i
Regiment of the Line, then (juartered at Ports-
mouth, gave orders that thirty men, just arrived
from Ireland, should be enlisted. TIk' English
soldiers ileclared that they would not serv with
these intruders. John Beaumont, the lieutenant-
colonel, in his own name and in the name of
five of the captains, ])rotested to the duke's face
against this insult to the English army and na-
tion. " We raised the regiment," he said, " at
our own charges, to defend his .Majesty's crown
ill time of diuiger. We had then nodiiliculty in
l.rociiringhunilredsof English recruits. We can
easily keep eveiy company full without admit-
ting Irishmei- '"'.'•: *iur fore do not think it
consistent "iili (H.r . :•".; i ;,ive these strangers
forced ()•; •.■,:- i mi '.•<■ !■(- : M-. A'c may either bo
])eriiutteil u< CO :. .uid lii.'!' ,:*' 'ir own nation,
or ■• iay d.: a •: ,,:;r :Mia>,; .sir is." Berwick
RACE-RAILWAYS.
545
sent, to Windsor for directions. Tlic king, groiitly
exasiK'nitcd, instantly iicsputcluid ii troop of
horse to Portsnioiitii witli orders to lirlng tlio
six rcfnu'tory odlcers before lilni. Tliey reiused
to nnilie any s\il)niission, and tiiey were sen-
tenced to he casliiered, tlie higliest punislinient
tliataconrt-niarliiil wastiien competent tointlict.
Tlie wiiol(( nutioii ai)piauded the disgraced olll-
cers.— MACAn.AYs Eno., ch. 9, p. Hi)7.
4601. BACE, Dislike of. Sttmmi Johimm.
[lie was fond of ridiculing Scotclinien.] Il(!
would not allow Scotland to derive any credit
from Lord Manslield, for he; was educated in
England. " .Much," said he, " may l»eniad(M)f a
Scoichman, if he he r^n/,<///< young.'' — BoswKi.i.'s
Johnson, \y li)H.
4«0!i. EACE for Life, A. Piinonn: [After
the haltleof Sedgenioor, l)ctwcen the rehcl l)uk(!
of MoiimoiithanilJamesIL] Feversham [.lames'
ciimnianderl passed for a good-natured man ; hut
he V IS a foicigner, ignorant of the laws, and
carelc<s of the feelings of tlu; Englisli. lie was
accustomed to the nulitary license' of France.
... A coiisiderahle niimher of ])risoners were
immedialcl}' selected for execution. Among
them Was a youth famous for his speed. Hopes
were held out to Idm tlial Ids life would Ix;
sjiarcd if he could run u race with one of the
colts of the marsh. TIk! space through which
the man ke])t up with the horse is still marked
l)y well-known hounds in the moor, and is about
three (|uarters of a mile. Feversham was not
ashamed, after .seeing the jKTformance, to send
the wretched performer to tlie gallows. — Ma-
caulay's Eno., ch. 5, p. .596.
4603. RACE, Pride in. S,(i)ii/dJ<>/iiix»ii. [He
bad undertaken to complete bis dictionary in
three years.] Ada.ms : " But, sir, how can you
do this in tliree years V" .Ioiinson : " Sir, I have
no doubt that 1 can do it in three years." Ada.ms :
"But the French Academy, which consist.'', of
forty members, took forty yi.irs to compile their
dictionary." .Johnson; " Sir, thus it is. This is
the proi)ortion. Let me see ; forty times forty
is .sixteen hundred. As three to 'sixteen linn
common between tlie England to wliich John
hud iK'en diused bv Philip Augustus and the
England from which tlie armies of Edward IIL
went forth to coiuiuer Frimce. — Macaulay's
Eno,, ch. 1, p. 17.
4606. RACES, Inequality of. Celts— Saxoim.
There could not lie e(piality lietween men who
lived in liouses and men wlio lived in sties, be-
tween ini'ii wlio were fed o.i iiread and men who
were fed on jiotatoes, between men who spoke
tlu^ noble tongue of great philosophers and poets
and men who, with a perverted i)ride, boasted
tliat they could not writhe tlieir mouths into chat-
tering such a .jargon as that in wliicli the; " Ad-
vancemenl of Learning" and the " Paradiso
Lost " were written. — Macaii.ay'h Eno., ch. ii,
p. 12.1.
4609'. RAID, Successful. (Iintntl Sroncvian.
While these great and decisive events were tak-
ing place in the Carolinas, the famous cavalry
raid of (Jeneral Stoiieman was in progress. About
the middle of March be set out from Knoxville
with a force of six tbousaiKi men, crossed tlin
mountains, captured Wilkeshoro, and forced his
way aci'oss the Yadkin at .laiiesville, . . . tho
general object being the destruction of public
])roperty, the (aptuic of Confederate stores, and
the tearing up of railroads. Turning to tlic
north, the troopers traversed tlie western end of
North (,'aroliiia, and entered ( 'arroll County, Vir-
ginia. At Wytbeville the railroad was torn ui>,
and then the whole line was destroyed from tlie
bridgi! over New Itivcr to within four miles of
LyiK liburg. Chrisiianshurg was cai)lured, and
the track of the railway obliterated for ninety
miles. Turning first to Jacksonville and then
southward, the ex|)e(liti()n next struck and de-
stroyed the North Carolina Railroad l)etween
Danville and Greensboro. . . . Afte.r a tight
with Ferguson's Confederate cavalry, the Fed-
erals turned back to Dallas, where all the divi-
sions were concentrated, and tho raid was at an
end. During the ])rogress of the expedition six
thousand prisoners, forty-six pieces of artillery,
and immense (|uanlities of small arms had fallen
propiirtfon of an Engl'ishVnan to a i '"•'> "'•' '"""•'* "'" '"^tDiieman's men ; the amount
-Boswkli.'h Johnson, p. 47.
tired, so iy the
Frenchman. ■-
4604. RACE ridiculed, Samuel Johnxon. Mr.
Arthur Lee mentioned som(! Scotch who had
taken i)ossession of a barren part of America,
and wondered why they should ihoose it. John-
son : " Why, sir, all harrcnucss is comparative.
'I'lie Srr>fi-h would not know it to be barren."
l^oswKi.i, : " Come, come, he is llatleriiig tin,'
En'^lisli. You have now been in Scotland, sir,
and say if you did not see meat and drink enough
there." Johnson: "Why yes, sir ; meat and
drink enougli to give the inhabitant.-! sufticicnt
slreiiLrth to run away from home," All these
ipiick and li\-ely sallies were said sjiortively,
(luitein jest. — Boswki-i.'s J()HNr;oN,p. ;ill.
1605. RACES, Amalgamation of. it'nvt Jin't-
iiiii. Early in the fourteenth century the amal-
gamation of the races was all hut complete ;
.Old it was soon made manifest by signs not to
!)*■ mistaken, that a peoi)le inferior to none exist-
iiiii ill the world had lieen formed I)y the mix-
ture of three branches of tho great '{"eutonic
family with each other and witli tlio al'original
Britons. Tliore was indeed scarcely anything in
of property destroyed and tlie damage otherwise;
done to tho tottrring Confederacy could not bo
estimated. — Kini-ATii's U. S., ch. 66, p. 5130.
460N. RAILWAY, The first. InEmjland. On
tho 1.1th of September [ls:i()] the lirst railway
for tho conveyance of i)assengers was opened,
the carriages being drawn liy a locomotive en-
gine, at th(! speecl of a race-horse. — Knight's
Eno., vol. 8, ch. 14, y>. '-Ms.
4609. RAILWAYS, Slow. Sl,„r,f than Ca-
naln. [In \H2') it was stated in the House of Com-
monhthat] tlie exi)eriment of conveying goods
on a railway had been tried, and bad completely
failed. The best locomotive! engine that could
be found had been .selected ; and the average rate
on a i)laiie surface was not three miles and tliree
(juarters jier hour, wliich was slower tlian canal
convevanco. — Knkiht's Eno., vol. 8, ch. 14,
p. 2'>H.
4610. RAILWAYS underestimateri. FJngland.
[Before a committee of the House of Commons]
Telford a.'d otiiers expressed an oi)inion tliat
with tlio improvement of the locomotive the
speed upon a railway might be fiftecu miles, and
m
046
RAIMENT-REACTION.
f;
;!! i
r
■ ■
'1 ,
■!>' s
,« i
■ :: ■
i ■ 1
ifif
t'vcii twenty tiiilcsiiii hour. Tlu'sc opinions were
ciillccl " liic trroMs '■.Miiriicnilif)!!^ of llic powcrsot'
tlic liic()iM()liv<' Miciini ('iii,nii{. ;" luid il was con- (
tended liiat even it' siieli ii s|)e('d eoidd he at- !
taine(l, III'' daiiLi'eiNot' ImrsliiiLf i)(>ilcrsan(l linilien
wli('el>< would lie so tfrcal llial we should as
soon e.speel thai " people would as soon sulTer ,
tlieniselves lo lielircdoir upon one of Contrreve's
rieoehel rockets as l(» trust tlieniselves to the '
nierev of siieli a machine ^^roin^r at such a rale." '
..." As lo those persons wlio s|)eculale on !
niakiiif^ railways u'eneral Ihrouudiout llie kin;.'-- |
(join, and supersediiii;- all the canals, all tlu^ wag-
ons, mail and stau'e coaelies, p<isl-cliaises, and,
in short, every other mode of conveyance liy land
and hy water, we deem them and their visionary
schemes unworthy of notice. " — ['i'akeii from the
(^ii((rt<rh/ li( ni(ir in) Kmoht's K.N(i., vol. H,
eh. 14, p. -rii*.
'101 1. RAIMENT restricted. Hi/ Zufriirun.
[The ivocrian lawii;iver. ) To lianish luxury from
his republic, which he looked upon as the cci'-
tain destruction of a^overmiient, he did not fol-
low the iiractice csiahlislied in sonic nations,
■where it is thouudit sutlicient, for the restraining^
it, to punish, by pecuniary mulcts, su( h as in-
frintre the laws ; but headed . . . in a more artful
and in^'-enious, and at the same time more ellecl-
ual, manner, lie iirohibited women from wear- '
in^ ric!h and costly stulTs, embroidered robes,
jewels, ear-rimes, necklaces, bnieelels, gold ■ings,
and such like ornani'iits, e.\, ■ptini,'' none from
this law but common prosliiule.s. J[e enacted
a similar l;iw with rei^anl lo the men. e.\ce]it- |
ing in the same manner, from the ()i)servance
of it, such only as were willimf to pass for
(iebauchees and infanu'us wretches. jhir.i.iN's
Hist., Book 7, cli. 2, '^j 2.
4612. RANK, Plea for. Snnnid JoJuixon. I
mentioned a certain author who disirtisled me . . .
liy .showinii; no deference to noblemi'n into whose
company he was admitted, Joiinso.n : " Snj)-
pose a shoemaker should claim an ('((iialily with
liim, as lie does with a lord ; how he would
stare ! ' \Vhy, sir, do you stare V' s;iy- the shoe-
maker ; ' I do LTreat. service to society. 'Tistrue,
I am paid fordoiiiL' it ; but so arc you, sir; and
I am sorry to say it. belter paid than 1 am, for
doinir somethinir not so iiecessiiry. For mankind
Could do better without your books than villi-
oiil my shoes.' 'IMius, sir, there woiilil be a ])er-
petu.al struL''ijle for precedence, were there no
jl.xed invariable rules for the distinction of rank,
which creates no jealousy, as it is allowed to be
accidental." -lios\VKi,i,'s .Ioiinson, p. 124.
4<{|:t. RANSOM, Paternal. Rr/i/DofJa/uixir.
Sir .lolin Cochrane hail held aniom,'' the Scotch
rebels the sam<' rank which had been held by
Grey in the west of Eni,dand. That Cochrane
should be forgiven l)y a prince vindictive beyond
all example seemed incredible; but Cochrane
was the youiiirer son of a rich family ; it was
therefore only by sparint^ him that money could
be made out of him. His father. Lord Dundon-
ald. offered ii brilie of t.'iOOO to the priests of the
roy.il Inaiseliold. and a i)ardon was granted. —
]\l.V('Ari..\Y's Eni;., cli. .-). ]). (iOS.
4614. RANSOM, A willing. Rirhard Cmnr de
Lwn. [After the failure of the crusade, near
Jeru.salem.] liichard [I.] now thought of re-
turning to his dominions, l)iit, unwilling lo put
lidi
liim.sclf in tliepowerof his rival, Philiji fll.], bv
traversing the kingdom of France, he sailed with
11 single shii> to Italy, and was wrecked near
.\(|uileia. 'I nee, . . .'pullingona pilgrim'sdis-
gnise, he i 'Ived to make his wav. on fool,
lhrout:h (Jei mv. He was discovered, however,
at Vienna, In [lipoid, Dnke of Austria, and
thrown into ]irisoii by the command of the em-
pei'or, Henry \'l. No sooner was Uichard's
situation known to his subjects, than they vied
with each other in contributions for his ransom,
which was lixed at an exorbitant sum by I he em-
peror, and opposed with every artilice of the
meanest iiolicy by tin; king of France!. His
brother John, likewise, who in his absence had
en(lea\-ored to usurp the government of Eng-
land, is said to have iiad a conference with I'hilip,
in which thc^ ])crpetual caiilivily of Hichanl was
agreed upon, while Ik^ him.self w, is lo be secured
njion \\\<' English tiirone. These cabals, liow-
ever, were unsuccessful. Hiehard obtained his
liberty on payment of a ransom I'ciual lo about
.tliOd.boO sterling, which his subjects levied hy
llie cheerfid contributions of all ranks of tlu^
Slate. On his return lo his dominions he was
received with the utmost transports of delight
and .satisfaction. Hichai'd had given his sub-
jects no real cause of alfeclion toward him ;
iluring 11 reign of ten years lie was hut four
nionlhs in the kingdom ; but il is the disposition
of the English lo revere heroism and to com-
miserate misfortune. His traitorous Iirolher,
after some submission, was received into fiivor.
— TvTi.i-.u's Hisr.. Hook (i. ch. 8, p. 115.
46l»1. RAPACITY, Royal. lIinrylTT. He sent
t'./rtli iiupiisilors of the forests, who not only
ruined all Ihosc' who had encroached uiion tho
forest borders, but also imiioverished many, even
those of noble birth, " for a >ingle .small beast,
a fawn or hare, although straying in an out-of-
the-way place." The Jews, according to the cus-
tom of tlicai;c, were lawful l)lunder. and Henry,
as regarded them, did not de])art from the pious
u.sag(; of his father. Rut he did more than any
of his predecessors in the spoil of the Israel-
ites, He sold them as he would a farm to his
brother Kichard. — KNi(iiiT'.sEN(i.,vol, 1, ( h. '^4,
p. ;5(i;].
I61(i. RAP£ .atempted. Joait af Arc. [Soon
to be burned by the British.] The iinforlunate
prisoner, (les|)oiled of licr man's dress, had much
lo fear. Brutality, furious hatred, vengeance,
might severally incite the cowards to degrade
her before she perished, lo sully what they were
about to burn Besides, they might bo
tempted to varnish tli(ar infamy liy a i/hhou of
.v^^/c, according to the notions of the day — by de-
[iriving lierof her virginity, they wduld iindoulit-
edly destroy that secret power of which the Eng-
lish entertained such great dread, who. perhajis,
might recover their courage when they knew
that, after all, she was but a woman. According
to her confessor, to whom she di\ulged tlic fact,
an Englishman, not a common soldiei , but a
fioitli iih(i(, )i lord, iiatriotically devoted himself
lo this execution, bravely undertook lo violate
a girl laden with fetters, and, being unable to
ctTect his wishes, rained blows upon her. — ■
Muiiki.kt's Jo.w ok Akc, ]v T^,'^.
4617. REACTION from Excess. Guix.x.
[Twelve Inuidred Pio*estants had been butchered
1{KA<;TI()N— KKI}KI,I-I()N.
547
at Ainl)<>i'<r.l Tlic iilrorioiiH cnii'Itics pcrpctni-
U'(\ by llic (fiiiscs ill their hour i>\' lriiiiii|>h pro-
(liK'cu !i ypccdy rciiclion in t'livor of I he pcrscciitcil
W'ctiiricM. The niilioii rcLrunlcd llic iiiiiHsucrc with
(liMLTiist ; iiiul tile ('iiiviiiisis, instciul of lii'inir ill-
tiiiiidiili'd iWid crushed, eoiitiiiiied to^'iiiii u'roiiiid,
and loiiilly demanded venireiiiice for tlie blood of
their inariyrcd iirelhreii. — S riDiONTs' Kuanci:,
eh. I(i, ^ :{'.
I«l«*. REACTION, Moral. h',.s/orafi,>i, „f
Cliarlis IT. Tile Uesloraliori was a moral calas-
troplie. It. was not lliat tlierc; wanted ^ood men
amon;; tile I'inirclimen — men as piiais and virlii-
ouMastlie I'lirilans whom liiey displaced ; lait till!
Royalists came back as the ])arty of reaction — re-
action of tlie spirit, of tlu! world airainst asc<'ti-
cisni, of self-indul[fence a^rainst duty, of material-
ism ai^ainst idealism. For a time virtue was a
l)ul)li(' lau,!.fhinjj^ stock, and the word " saint," thi;
iiii^iiest e.\|)r('ssion in the lanjfuai^e for moral
perfection, coinioted everything; that was ridicu-
lous. 1 do not speak of tiie j;allaiUries of \V'hite-
liall. . . . 'I'he style of court manners was a mere
incident on the surface of social life. "^I'lie nation-
al life w.is far more profoundly tainted by thedis-
C'ouraijcmcnt of all ijood men, which jx'netrated
every shire and every p.arish, than by the distant
rei)orts(>f the loose behavior of Charles II. Ser-
vility, meanness, venality, time-serving, and a
disbelief in virtm- dilVuscd themselves over the
nation like a pestilential miasma, the depressing
inlluetic(^ of which was heavy, even ujion those
.souls which iiidi\idu:dly resisted the [loison. The
heroic age of Kngland had ])assed away, not by
gradu.'d di'cay, by imperceptible degeneration,
but in a year, in a single day, like the winter's
snow in Oreuce. — P.\ttih()n's Mii.rox, eh. 12.
.|«IJ). . Ilinaof aiuiHiH IT. The
theatres were clo.sed [by the Puritans]. The play-
ers \\ii\n' Hogged. The ])ress was put under the
guardianship of austere licen.sors. The Alu.'fCH
were banished frian their favorite haunts. . . .
The Restoration eniaiici])atcd tlwaisands of nunds
frcan a yoke which had become insupportalilc.
The old tight reconuncnccd. I)ul with an animosi-
ty altogether new. . . . 'I'lic war between wit and
I'uril inism soon became a war between wit and
morality. 'I'he hostility excited by a grotescpie
caricature of virtue diil not spare virtue herself.
— .Macaim.vv's l'].\(i., ch. IJ, i>. ;i71.
" 4«!l0. READING, Effects of. Ahnih((in. TAn-
ralii. (The books read by the youthful Lincoln
wiTc R.amsay's Fafeof Washington, Weems' lalV
of Washington, .Esop's Fables, and Runyan's
Pilgrim's Progress. It is (piitc prol);d)le that the
quaint phraseology of these last two volumes,
and tlieir direct and forcilile illustrations, may
have impressed uiwn the productions f)f Mr.
Lincoln's ])en that style which is one of their
most ])ecidiar and favorite characteristics. —
Raymond's fjiNcoi.N, ch. I, p. 2'i.
4(i!2l. READING ROOMS necessary, XhjhiIcoh
T. He had, w hen a younLi man, [jasscd montlis in
Paris without a home, with an empty jjurse. and
almost without a friend. He was tlaai in the
habit of visiting a small reading-room in iIk^ P;i-
lais Royal, where for a few .sous he coidd, in the
chilly days of winter, read the daily jouiMials, and
enjoy the warmth of a tire. . . . [He became P'irst
Consid.] He was afterward urged, as a matter
of State policy, to shut up these reading-rooms.
To tins lie replied ; " No ; I will never do that ; 1
know too well the com fort of having such a itlace
to go to ever to deprive others of the same re-
source." — Aiuio'rT'H Nai'oi.kon M.,vo1, l,ch. l(i.
'KW'i. REALITY, Power in, Omminll. It is
something striking to corilrasi the t«o men going
down to the same House. Charles was a king,
and he went to arrest the members and to assert
that there was no law in ICngland save his will ;
but he went as king Ninniiidl. Cromwell went
with no royalty about him, yet he went as king
Ileal ; and he, loo, went for the still nioreama/.-
ing ])uri)o.se of daring that whole House, and
turning it out into the streets. | Ry dissolving
Parliament at the head of hissoldiers, |— Hood'k
CuoMWKi.i,, ch. Ki, p. 177.
4«a:». REALIZATION, Joys of. ('ohimhu.i. Tin;
land was now clearly .seen about two leagues dis-
tant, whereu|)on they took in sail and lay to,
waiting impatiently for the dawn. The thoughts
and feelings of Columbus in this little space of
time must have been tunndtnous and intense.
At length, in s])il<^ of every dilliculty and dan-
ger, he had accom])lislied his object. The great
mystery of the ocean was revealed ; his th(M)ry,
wliich had been the scolT of sages, was trium-
phantly established ; he had secured to hini.sclf
a glory durable as the world itself. It is dillicull
to conceives tlm feelings of such a man, at such a
moment ; or th(^ eoniectures which must have
thronged upon his mind, as to the land before
him, covered with darkness. — Ikvi.no's CoM'.m-
iii's, Rook ;i, ch. 4.
46»i/|. REASON, Worship of. Firnrh Hn-ol,,.
timi. During the revolution a beautiful opera
girl of licentious habits was conveyed, in most
imposing ceremonial, to the eliurch of Notre
Dame. There she was elevated ui>on an altar,
aiid i)resen1ed to the thronged a.ssemblage asth(3
(joddess of Reason. " Mortals, ' said Cliau-
mette, "cease to tremble before the powerles.s
tliundersof a god whom your fears have crc.ated !
There is no (lod. Henceforth worshi|) none but
Reason. Here I ofTer yoii its noblest and jairest
image. Worship only such divinities as this."
The whole assemblage bowid in adoration, and
then r(;lired to indulge in .scenes which tin; i)en
refiis('a to record. — [Foot-not(,' in] Ahuott's
Natolkon R., vol. 1, ch. H).
'1029. REBELLION, Constructive.
■jinperor
Afi(.n'/iiilifut. Ma.ximilian, after the death of lii.s
father, was elected em))eror in the year 141*8.
This prince, who was an al)le politici.an. laid the
fouiKlation (if the permanent greatness of tlie
German eni|)irc. by procuring the enactment of
that celebratiMl constitutional law, which eslab-
lislies a ]jeri)elual peace between the whole of the
States conijiosing the (Jermariic body, whicli
Stales, Ijcfore that time, had lieen at constant vari-
ance u])on every trivial n])[)osilion of in'crests.
Thenceforth every such contest was to lie treated
as an act of ri'hiUii/ii ivjui i(.-<l tin i lujii/r. R is
ea.sy to see of what vast im|)ortance this law was
to IIk' solid interests of the (Icrmaiiic bodv. —
Tyti.kk's Hist., Rook tl, ch 1!>. ]). :27').
46>2(i. REBELLION prevented. .'<rotlitn(!. The
Earl of Douglas, an lunbitious and high-spirited
nobleman, had oiienly aimed at rendering liim-
.self indei)endent of his sovereign : he forbade his
vassals to acknowledge any authority but his
•I
548
HKHKLLiON— UKOOONITION.
IfU
mi ,'■
1-
I
1
tti
DWii, III; created kiii^jlilH, iippoiiited ii jirlvy
<'iniii('il, and, in sliorl, asMiinii'il every en.sip^ti iif
royalty except tli(! lill(! ofkinj,', 'I'lie eliancellor,
«le"terinined lo .Hiippres.s tliese impirinj; prelen-
Hions, decnycd |)(»iii;laM to an interview in tlie
raslle oi' ililiiiliiirnli. and tliere, wliile Neparaled
from lii>i liillowerM, lie was seized and instantly
helieiiiled. This example of liarliiirons riirop did
not deter Ills siii'cesHor, William, Karl of' Doiiijjlas,
from pniseeiilin^^r tin- same and)itioiis |>lans ; and
Ills fate was ecpiallv severe, and yel more iinjiis
titlalile. In a eoid'erenee willi Mie yoiini; moii
nreli he was iciproaelied l»v him with formiin,^
roniieelioiis with the I'aelions nohilily which
Were danLL-erous lo Ihe pulilic peace and j^overn-
iiieiit of the kini,nlom ; the kinj; recpieslinu; him
to dissolve these associations, |)oiii,das peremp-
torily refused. "If yon will not," said tlieyoiin^if
James|II.|, "t'lisshall ;" and di'awinu,' his daj^
gi'r, he instantly slalilied him to the heart. This
iictioii, unworthy of a prince, was uinversally
<'ondenuied liv his sulijects. — TvrM'.u's Mist.,
Book <i, ell. l""), !>. '.'Itl.
KWr. REBELLION, Small. Ithoilr hl,i,Hl. A
propo>illou was made lo chantfe the conslilution
of Ihe Slate, [under whicli) \\\- rii^ht of sulTraire
w;is restricted to those who lu'Id a certain amount
of properly. On Ihat issue Ihe people of Rhode
Island were nearly unanimous ; hut in res|M(l to
the iiiiiiuiir t)f aliro;;alinif Ihe old charier there
Was a serious division. One laclion, called Ihe
" Law and Order i)arly," |)roeeedini^ in accord
iince Willi Ihe former conslitiition, chose Samuel
W. Kiiiii' as i^ovcrnor. The other faction, calleil
the " SutTra.i!;e party," actinu; in an irrei^ular wav,
eleclcd Thomas VV. Dorr. In May oi' ISHMioth
parties met and ori^anized their rival ffovcrn- ,
inents. Tlu! " f>awaiul Orderparly" now under- '
took losui)pr( ss the faction of Dorr. Tlie latter
resisicd, and mide an attem|)t lo ca))tur<' tlie
State aiseiial l{ut tlie militia, undci Ihedirec- ■
tioM of |\ ill . soliicers, drove the assailants away.
A iiionlh laic/ Hic ,idli<Tents of Dorr n^'ain ap- |
|)earc(l ill arms, liiil wprr dispersed liy Ihe Iroojis ;
of the I'nited Slates ; Dorr fled from Uliode '
Islaiiil ; returned soon afterward ; was cau^^ht, |
tried for treason, convicted, and scnii'iucd lo
imprisonment for life, lie was then offered
])ardon on coiidilioii of t.akiiii,'' an oath :)f alle-
giance. This he siuhliornly refused lo do, and
in.Iuneof 1S4.") olitained hislilierty without con-
<litions.^-I{ii)i' vru's l". S., cli. 51). j). 443. j
'l«as. REBELLION, A Soap, lln'ijn of Clnirlrx T.
(Jliaiics was determined lo ij;overn l)y i)reroL!;a-
tive, and not hy Parliumenl. He .sold privi-
le^fes for e>rry unjust exaction. A i)ateiil for
the manufacture of soaj) was sold — a very sad
iilHiclion indeed, for in addition to the costly
price from the existence of the monoiioly for
which tlO.OOO had been paid, the linen had
been hurni'd, and the flesh as well, in the wash-
\iv;c. so that \\u'. city of I,ondon was visited hy
jin insurrection of women, and the Lord Mayor
was reprimanded by the kiim' because he irave
them hissvmpathv.— Hood's ( 'KoMWKi, I,, ch. 4,
p, S4,
4629. REBELLION, The 'Whiskey. Pmim/l-
vani-ii. During tlu' summer and aiilumn of
"■.794 tlie country was muidi disturbed by a dilli-
culty in western Pennsylvania, known as the
whiskey insurrection, llojjing to improve the i
revenucH of the )?(iv('rnnn!nl, ('onj^rcHS had, lhn!«
years |ireviously, imposed ii tax on all urdtMit
spirits distilled in the I'liited Stales, Wliilo
[citizen 1 (}eiiel | f roni France I was at I'ldladei-
pliiii, he and his partisans incited Ihe people of
the dislillin;; re^noiis to resist tlie lax collectors.
The disatfecled rose in arms. W'asliiiiition issued
two proclamations warnin^r t||,. insurp'iits lo
dis|ierse ; but insleail of obeyiiiii;, tliey tired upon
and caplured the ofltcers of the j;overnmeiil
'I'lie I'residenI then ordered (Jeneral lleiirv lee
to eiili-r the rebellious dislricl with a sufllcicnt
force lo reslore order and enforce Ihe law.
When the troops n'liehed I he .scene of the disturb-
ance, the riolers had already scattered. Tho
insurrei lion was a political rather than a social
onlbieak ; Ihe anti FederalistH were in a major-
ity in the dislillinjr rev:ion, and the whiskey-ta.v
was a measure of IIk' Federal party. — Hiui'ATII'h
U. H.. ch. 4(i, 1). ;t(lH.
•I<i;t0. REBELS punished. Diikrof .]fon7noiitfi'».
Somersetshire, the cliiei seal of the rebellion,
had been reserved for the last and most fearful
venn'cance. In this county two hundred and
thirty-tliree prisoners were in a few dayshan^fed,
drawn, an<l 'piartered. At every spot whi'retwo
roads mil, on evi^ry marlu l-i)laee, on the fi:reen
of every laru^e village which had furnished Nlon-
mouth with soldiers, ironed corpses elatlerintjin
the wind, or heads and (|Uarlers stuck on poles,
poisoned the air, and made the traveller sick with
liorror. In many parishes the peasantry could
not as.semble in the house of (}od without see-
iii.tf tlie liliastly face of a iieifi:libor firinning at
theniover the liorch. — M.\cai;i..\y'h K.no., eh. 5,
p. .")!»({.
'lOStl. . Tiiiuiqin llic Tiirtiir. Temu-
gin fought a battle against his rebellious sub-
jects. . . . After his first victory lie placed
.seventy caldrons on the tire, and seventv of the
most guilty rebels were ca.^l headlong Info tho
boiling wafer. — OiiuioN's Uomk, ch. ()4, ji. 204.
MWl. REBUKE, Gentle. JhUhh Cmn: In
battle he sometimes iddc ; but he was more often
on fool, bareheaded, and in a conspicuous dres.s,
that he niighl be seen and recognized. .\^j:ain
and again by ids own efforts he recovered a day
Dial was lial'' lost. He once seized a panic stricken
standard bcucr, turned him round, and told him
lli.il he I id niislal*cn the direction of tlie enemy.
— Fiioi III s (' Ks\)(, ch. 28.
40:i:i. RECANTATION impossible. Martin
Liitlnr. " 'i lie iiiiire lliey r.ige and meditate
upon the use of force, the les.sdo I fear, and the
more freely will I attack 'he Honian serpeI||^^. I
am prei)ar("d for the wor-t tliat may hap|)eii, and
await the ciiunsel of (Jod." " This I know, in-
deed; that I would be treated as the dearest and
most agri'ealilc person, did I but speak one
word. nri>c<i~-\\\A\ is, I recall. Hut 1 will not
make myself !i heretic by the recall of that
opinion liy which I became a Christian. I would
rather die, be burnt, exiled, and accursed."—
Hkin's LrrnKij, ch. •"), p. "iM.
46:t 1. RFCOGNITION required. Wimhington.
The whole IJrilidi force, now gathered in the
vicinity of New York, amounted to fully 80, 000
men. .' . . Wa.shington's army wa.s inferior in
numbers, poorly equipped, and imperfectly disci-
plined. [Admiral Howe, brother of General
nECOMPFXBE-UEFINKMKNT.
:)4!»
ilowc, httd arrived I'i'diii Kii^laiiil willi iiiHtnic-
lii)iis| to try coiiciliiilory imiiHiircs with llic
Amcrir'Hiis. Vhst IicnciiI lollic Amcri<'im caiMp
an odlccr witli u dcspatcli directed to (ie()r;;c
\Vusldiii;l(m, h'M(jiu'n\ Of ciuirse WasldiiKlon
refused to receive a ('(iiMiiuinicalioii wliicli did
not reci)n;iii/.e IdH (lillcial iiositioii. In a xiiort
lime Howe sent anotlier MieMsaf;'e, addrcHsed to
(Jeor^'c WaHJiinirton, etc. , etc. , elc, , and tlie licar
v\\ will) was itowe's adjntanl ucnei'al, in.Hisled
llnil and so fcirtii ini;;lit lie Iran'-liiled (Inn nil nf
till Aiiirrinin Ariiii/. Wasliinu'lon was llie last
man in tlie world to he canudit liy a snlilert'ii^ic ;
and tlu' adjiilanl was sent away, it wasaiready
wet! I<nii\\ II llial ilowe'saiillinrity extemied only
lo ^rraiitinu' |iardon and to nnesseiilial mailers
aiioul wliiclillie Ameiicans were no l(iiii;i'r con
eerned. \\asliinj;lon tlierefoic i plied tlial since
no oU'ence iiad lieen eommilled no |iardon was ri'-
(luired ; tliat the colonies were now inile|ien
(lent, and would detViid lliemsel\-es ai^aiiist all au;
gressions.— UiDi'.vrn's IJ. S.,cli. ;tl>, p. IHO.
40:iA. RECOMPENSE, Honorable. Ahnihiiiii
Liiii'iilii. I When a lioy he liorrowed a l.,ife
of VVashin).c'<>ii. 1 I)iirin;r a severe sloi n lie
improved his leisure hy reading; his liook One
ni;.dil he laid it down carefully, as he tlioii^'ht,
and the ne.\t morning he found it soaUcii
throiiirh ! The wind had chanLCe<l, the slorin hail
healen in through a crack in the lo.i^s, and the
appearance of the book was ruineii. 1 low could
he face th(^ owner under such circumstances v
lie had no money to olFer as a return, hut he
took the hook, went directly to Air. Crawford
I the owner], showed him the irre|iaral)le injury,
and fraidviy and honestly olTered to work for
liim liil he should he salistied. [.\ir. Crawford
jfave liim the hook] in return for three dajs'
sicidy lulior in ' piilliiij,'- fodder." — i{.vvMoM)'s
l,l.N(iii N, eh 1, p, '.".'
'KCtU. RECORD, Mutilated. Juinis I. it was
throuirh Sir.Iohn Mliol, very eminently, that the
I'oir.inons and the Stuarts came at last to their
ffreal rupture. . . . 'IMien came the contest with
the Hliihliorii old kiiii: upon the pii\iline of de-
l)ate in i'arliameiit. I'iie kiu,n' >.iiil the i'arlia-
meiit held their lilierlies hy li ..ration, not hy
riyht ; and when the iioiise recorded its very
dilTerent coinictioii in a resoliilion on its jour
nals, the imhecile old kin^ (•;unc up from 'i'lieo-
bald's in a passion, j^ot loi^ethcr w pri\y council
and si.\ of the judj^es, sent for the Conunons'
journal, and ivi n dared lo Icar out the rei^istrv.
lie then instantly dissolved tiie ilouse hy ])roc
lumation. — iio<)i)'s Ci{o.mwi;i,i,, ch. ;i, ]>. 54.
<lf(:{7. RECREATION, Excessive. •'Gi'iitlimcH."
Sir John iiarrinfj;ton . . . draws a ])icture . . .
that illustrates th(! i)revailinij; madness. [Ahout
A.i). IfiOO.] " 111 the morniiii; ix'rhaps at cliess,
and after his helly is full ilien at cards; uikI
when his spirits wa.x dull at th;it,then for some
exercise of his arms at dice ; iind heinn' weary
tliereof, to cool himself a little play at tahlcs
[hacki^ammonl ; and, heinu: disiiuictcd in ids
patience for overseeinn' cimiue .iiul (|uartre, or
nii.ssin!^ two or three foul blots, then to an inter-
lude ; and so . . . he ever as far from a worthy
and wise man as the circle is from the centre."
— Knight's En(i., vol. ;?, oh. IG, p. 2.56.
40««. RECREATION, Extravagant. Ihjazd L
The French prince.-- :iilmircd tiie magniliceuce of
the Ottoman, wliose Imntin;; and liawkinu eipii
l)a;;e was compo.sed of seven IhoiiHatuI huntsmen
1111(1 seven thousand fideoiitTs. — OiiiiioNs iioMK,
ch. (II, p. ','11.
'I«:i». REDEMPTION, Prloo of. <',ihil.i. |ln
1;M7, during; asieije of iiearlv twelve nionllis' du-
ralion, in whiclithef^arri.Honliadeatentheii iiorses
and do^(s. 'I'liey were then willin;;' lo surrender
town, castle, and ^'oods, if the iieople were per
I initted to depart from the city. | 'I'he kimr | I'ld-
ward iii.j resolved that all the urace he would
award was, tliat six chief huri;e,s.ses of the town
I should come out harelieaded, and harefoote((,
iind hari'lejrjfcd, and in their shirts, w illi halter^
' ahout their iie( ks, and with the keys of (he
town and ciistle in their liands. and thus yield
themselves imrely to his will, md the rest lie
wmild take to mercy. ... Sii .iolinof V'ienne
sounded the common Ix'll, and told Ids sad re-
[ port, and the people wept, and lie liimself wept
pileoiislv 'I'lieii stood i'ortli the richest bnr^res.-..
of all till' town, i'.iislace de St. I'ierre, and said
that, to save the residue of the people, 'le would
l)e the llrst lo put Ills lifi in jeoimrdy. When he
had thus spoken, every man worshipped him.
and divers kneeled down at his feet with sore
weeiiin^j;. 'I'licii another lionesl hur;;ess, John
Dayre, rose and said. " i will kec|)conipany with
my ;^ossip, lOustace. And .lames of Wyssaiit, and
i'eter Ids brothel', and two others, declared the
sanio. 'I'lieii they went out of the ;?ate, appar-
elled as the kin^ desired, and stood hetweeii tin
)X,i\\v and the harriers. . . . 'i'lie si.x liurficsses knelt
before the kini;, and lield uj) llieir liands and
said, " We siihmit ourselves clearly unto ycnir"
will and pleasure, to sa\(' the residue of the \w»-
]ile of Calais." . . . The earls and harons, and
others who were li'- re, wejit for pity, hut the kiiif;
looked felly ui>oii them. . , . and iKcominandeil
their licads to he sliuck olT, and would hear no
man in tiieir behalf for mercy. 'I'hen the (piecii
( I'liilipiia], hein^jrrcal with child, kneeled down
and said, "(Iciitle Sir, since i passed the sea in
mucli peril. I iuive desired iiothiiiu'of yuu ; there
fore, i now I'eipiiie of you, in the honor of tlie
Son of the VirL,nn Mary, and for the love of me,
that you will t.ike mercy of these six hurL''esves."
The kintr beheld the (piecn, and stood still awliih^
in a study, .ind then said, " Ah, dame, i wouldi
you liad been now in some other place ; hut I
cannot deny you. i j^ive tliesc men to you to do.
\our pleasure willi them." And tlw six liur-
ires.ses were hrouul'.t into the (picen's chamber,
newly clotlied ; and she irave them to eat at thcir
leisure, and bestowed upon each six nobles, and!
caused them to he taken Ihroui^h the host in safe-
Iv, and set at lihcrty. — K.NioHf's E.nc, vol. 1,
c'h. :«), p. -1115.
4«40. REFINEMENT, Characteristic. Allw-
niaii.i. in the war against I'hilipof .Macedon, one*
of the couriers of that jirincc was inleice|)led.
and his dispatches seized ; tliey oi)encd all tliL-
letters which he carried, except those w rilten by
i'hilip's queen. Olympia. to her husband. 'i'he.M-
the AthciiiaiiN transmitted imincdialely to I'liil-
ij). with the seals unbroken. In tlie same war,
i'liilip was suspected of havinj,' disti'lbutcd bribes
amoni;- the Athenian orators. Tlieir liouses were
ordered to he searched ; hut with sin;j;ular rc;,-ard
to decorum, they forbade to break into the hou- ■
of Calliclt's, because he was then newly imirrie I.
i
T
5r>()
UEFINKMKNT-HKPOrniATlON.
I fi
^i
i:
1 Kii
I';'
III
Miicli WHS ciTtiiliily llic imltiriil clinnu'liT nf \\w
Alliriihiii.H — ;;ctii roiiM, (l<'('(>rit, Inuiiuiic, mul pol-
iHllcil— Tvii ku'h \\\h\ Hook I, eh |(» p. 107.
Ultt, EEFINEMENT, Ml^ui(«r«(l. .!///< /vw//
liiiliiiiia. 'I'lic inliiiliilimlM ol ilii> jinini'nsr cdiiti
Iirtll — if \vi' cxcriil llioM' (.' .M('xi(() uilil I'rni,
wliirh were ('(iinpariilivcly nlincil jimi liixiirioiis
Mill ions —were Irihcs nl' vviiiidi'iiii^f huvu^^ch, uihI
!illril\ iiiiHccpiaiiili (I Willi iilinosi every ml ol'
civili/ed lil'e. 'I'iiey were riiilieil, e\eept ii Hiimll
COM riiiir round (lie middle ; llieir sole oeeiipa
(ion was the elnisi . and u hen the :<ea.son ol linnl-
in;; wasal an end, Ihe Anieri'-an, it' no! en;,niKe(l
III war, spent liislimein perl'ef I Indolence; liull'
the day was eonsuined in sleep, and the (ilher
hair ill iintnoderalc eiiliii^ anil iliiid\iii^. Thi^
Indians of Aiiieriea went in their disposition
^'rave even lo Hiidness , they held in conteinpl
the levity of iniiiinerH of tile l'',iiropeans, and,
ol)ser\ in^ threat laeitiirnity Iheiiisclves. iinpiiled
to ehildi^'hlles.s all Idle talk or eonversalion.
Their lieh.ivior was inodeHt and res|)e(tful, and
in their solemn i ounells their delilier.ilions wen,"
carried on witli llie M^reatest ordci und deeoriiin.
—'rvn, !.'('.< IIiHT Mook «, eh. 'i\, p. :(()((.
'!« l!l. EiiFINEMENT recommended. Urnhil.
[Ijord Maiineshiiry was sent liy (}e()r;,'e III., n
\~\)T), to tlie l)ukcof Ki'iiiiswick, (o demand his
claiij,diter for the Prince of Wales, the heir aj)-
parent to Ihe Itritish throne. | 'I'lie sagacious ain-
l)assador di<l his duly in olTeriii;; her advice, and
Komeiimi's rcnionstrince. especially " on the
toilette, on cleaidiiiess, and on delicacy of speaU-
inn" — strange stihjeets of discii.ssion witli a lady
wiio might he (pieen of Eiigliind. — Knkiiits
Kno., vol. 7, ch, IH, p. ;{19.
/KM;!. REFLECTION, Corrected by. S,iwuel
JiiliKsoii. Mr. Morgiinn and he liad a dispute
pretty late at night, in which .lohnsoii would not
iiive up, though li(! hill' Ihe wrong side ; and, in
hIioii, both kept the field. N(^\t morning, wludi
lliey met in the hreakfast room, Dr. Johnson ac-
ri'sied Mr. Morgann thus: "Sir, 1 have heen
til iking on our disimte last night — jiaii were
in ihf.ritild." — HoHwioi, I, 'h .Johnson, p. 489.
40 II. REFLECTION, Death bed. (UinUnul \\ol-
ncij. [('ardinal Wolsey, wliif for eight years had
jjuen, with Henry VII I. , tli(! autocrat ot lOmr-
(and, and forahout twenty yea.'s the head of lie
government, w,ts on liisdying-hed, in ir);il, w'liii
he uttered the.se memorable words] : If I had
served (Jod as diligently as I have done ilii! king,
he would not have given me over in my gray
Ii.iirs. I Henry had taken away his honors and
hi"i wealth, and permitted his arrest on the false
cliarire of high treason. | — IvMiiiir's Kno., vol. '.i,
<ii. -jo, p. ;{;t4.
'KM.!. REFLECTION, Delicate ///.vA Anwri-
riiiiA. At). VllVt. [(jjeiieral Howe, l)rotlier of the
J.-imeMlrd general who IVll in Ww war with France
jit 'riconileroga, wa.s commander of the ISritish
army.) I!oW(! was of an Irish family; to the
Irish, tiiercfore, they exi)n'.s.sed their !ima/.emeiit
ill lliiding his name in the c.alalogue of their en-
<;mies ; and they tletc^lied their complaint by
adding, " America loved hi* hrothiT." — H.\N-
cMioKT's U. H., vol. H, ch. t;!.
4016. REFLECTIONS, Melancholy, Antony.
[After his defeat liy ('a'sar, which wasoccasioiuul
chieliy by his liifHtuation, he iled lo Cleoiiatra's
Heel I .Xiilony having entered Ihe mlmlriil-giil
ley, in which ('leopatra wn . went utul wit down
at Ihe head of it ; win h . leaning his elbows on
Ills knees, and supporting,' his head with his two
hands, he remained like a Mian overwhelmed
wltli sli.ni\e and rage, re lecljiig with profound
inelani'li' ly upon liN ill conduct, and the mis.
I'orlunrs It hail bri'^ight upon him. He kept in
that posiure, and in IIiom gloomy lh<iuglits, dur-
ing the (hiee days they vNcre goinir to 'reiiariis,
without seiiiii;- or speakimr lo ( 'leopatra. .At the
end of thill lime they --avv each other again, and
lived togellu r as Usuul. {{oi.i.in's lllsr., Mook
10 17. REFORM, Civil Service, Mjnd Ihe
(liiiil. .\n appeal lay Iroiii all these court.s to
the king himself, in councii ; and .VMfed, in
whom his subjects deservedly plai'ed Ww highest
(•oidldeiice, Was overwhelmed with appeals from
all parts of the kingdom. The only remedy for
this was to reform the ii;n()ranee and restrain (he
corru|illon of (he inferior magistraici from
whence it arose. Alfred, therefore, was solicitous
lo appoint the ablest and most upright of his no-
bility lo exercise the olllce (tf sheniVs and ( arts.
Hi punished many for malversation, and he
took (lire toenforet! the study of letters, and par-
ticularly of (he laws, as iiidispensabli! to llieir
continuing in olllce. — Tyti.i;h'h IIiht., Mook (i,
eh. 5, p. 111.
40l«. REFORM needed. <'imn-th<- Dicta f4)r.
.\ll his elTorls were direi ted lo the regeneration
of Moman society. Cicero paints IIk; habits of
fashionable life in colors which were possibly
exagi;('rali'd ; but enough remains of authentic
fact to justify the general truth of the picture.
Women had forgotten their honor, children their
respect for parents. Husbands had murdered
wives, and wives husbands. Pniricide and in-
cest formed eornnioii incidents of domestic Ital-
ian history; and, us jnsti(e had been ordered
in Ihe last years of the Uepublic, the mii>i aban-
doned villiiin who canir into court with a hand-
ful of gol'i was a.ssured of impunity. " Rich
men, " .says Huetonius, " were never deterred
from crime by a fear of forfeiling their es-
tates; Iliey had but to leave Italy, and their
))roperl\ was secured to them." — FitouDi'fs
' ' lOS.Ml, ell. 2').
40 1». REFORMATION, Political. llwrnnit.
[After Ihe death of the infamous einix'for (.Join-
modus] the ex|>enseof the household was imme-
diately reduced to one half. All the instruments
of luxury I'ertinax <'xp()sed to piil)lic auction —
gold and silver plate, chariot- of a siiiiiular con.
stru(lion,a superlluoiis wirdrobeof silkand em-
broidery, and a great number of beautiful slaves
of both SI \es ; exccptiiigonly, with alleiitive hu-
manity, those who were boiii in a sialic of free-
dom, and hud bei'ii ravished from tlu! arms of
their weepinii; |)arents. .Vi (he same time that h,
obliged llie worlliU'ss favorites of the tyrant ti,
resign a jiart of their ill-golleii wealtli, he .satis-
lied tlie just creditors of the stale, and unexpect-
edly discharged the long arrears of honest ser-
vices, llr removed the oppressive reslii(t(ions
which had been laid upon commerce, and grant-
ed all the uncultivated lands in Italy and (ho
provinces to those who woidd improve thctii,
with an exemption from tribute during teu
years.— Gibbon's Home, ch. 4, p. 121.
UIOFOKMATION-UKFOIIMKKS
A.') I
1(I50. BEFOBMATION, 811«nt. w/Vi/. It is
rcinuii ilili' lliitt llic Iwo ^ti'iiIi'nI iiikI iikiiI siilii
turv -M- III niVdliilioiis wiilcli liavf liikiii placi
111 Vinji iH'l— lliiil rcvoluiinii wliicli, in tlic iliir
ti'ciilli I t'litiiry, |iul iiiiriKl Id llii' tyiaiiiiy nt' mi
linn over niitioa, iiml tiiiii rcvuliillori \\liii ii, n
fi'w ' iit'niiiiiii < liilir. put an cml In ilii'pi'ii|i
Illy 111 man In iniin— wnr Hil<'iill> ami liiipcr
(•(•ptililv t'lTcilnl Tlicy Hinnk coiiii inpurary i>l»-
Ncrvcr-i vvllii no sui-prisc, and linvr • civrd fi'um
liisl.iriariH a very Ncaiily inrasiiic ..l alli'iiliiin.
J'licy wiTi' lil'iaiijlit altiMil iirilliiT l)\- IrLii^lalivc
ri-nilaliuii iii>r liy iiliyHJcal I'orci'. Moral caiisi's
li.iisclcs.sly ilTilrnl, ((rsl, llii> (lisljliclion liclwicil
Noriiiaii anil Saxon, and ' n tin* dixliiirlinii Ix-
I WITH iiiiisiiT ami slave N'oiir can vciiiiiri' to
li\ III!' pri'i'isi- inoim-nl ai wjiich clllnr distim'
lion ccascil. ... It would lie most unjust nol to
ackiio\vliMli;c tli:ii Ilii' i liicC aj^ciit in Ihcsc lu >
irriMit (li'llvi'i'am r^ was ' ,i,'ioii ^Mai'.\iii,a\ s
Kn(1., ell. I, i> 'J I.
t^^^t. reformation, lolent. n.hijhiiH. in
the year Wi. Ilic I'lnpri I- Iao. ilic jsauriiii, win
di'sjrous orcxlirpatiiii!; ids |iimm( •worsln i| idol-
atry, wliicli lie vrry justly (■oiisldcrcd asdi-n'moe
f'ul to (.'liri.slianity ; lint his incasuri'S were too
violi'iit III- liiirnt anddrstroycd all the paiiitiiii;
in the I'liunlu's, and lirokc to pieces lie statues
'I'lic people were llij^illy e.\Ms|)eraled, and ii. it
tempti'd to enforce liis reformation by piiiii.-.|i
incnl mill { 'rseciition, wlii' li had no hciuticial
eirei I \\ I I, Kit's Misr., r. M.k (I, ell 3, ].. S-J.
'l«.Vi. REFORMER by Accident, Tln<i„<m('t(u^
Hull, 'riiiiiiias Clarkson, when tweiilyfoiir years
of iif(c. wrote an us.--ay on slavery, to olitain
II pri/.t!, which he won ; hut the facts whicli lie
discovered inailit siieh a di ep imnrcssion on hi-,
iiiiiid. that he devoted himsrH o its aboliti'iii
Knkuit's Knu . \i.|, 7 ell '.'1. p. 4(!().
•I«5!l. REFORMER, Impetu" IS ./->//// h'uo.i\
The ccliihratcd .loliii Knox > ived , . . from
Oeiieva, wliere he hud imbili. d tlu doclrines of
('alviii, of which liis ii.tiiiral disjiosilion titled
him to hi; » most /ealous and intrepid promote
I'liis roformer was possessed of a very cousin
eralile shaio ot l(!arnin>^'. and of iincoiniiion
acutenesH of iimlerslinidiiiK- He was a man of
rijUfid virtiie, and of a very disinU'rcstcd spirit ;
but tii.s niaxiins (as Dr, |{obcrt->oii remaiks) were
too .severe!, and the impetiiosit\ of his temper
wiwoxccs.sivc!. His cli)(|uciice was lillcd to rouse
and to iiifiainc'. His tirst public api>ear.iiice was
al I'erll', wlieie. in a vi;r\ animated serin<in, hv
wroujrlit up the minds of hts audience to such u
pitch of fury, lliat tliey broke down th<' w ills of
the church, overlunied tlu! altars, destroyed tho
imaj^cs ind almost tore the priests to pieces.
Tlie e\.(mplo Wiis •onta<;ious, and the same
scenes were exhibited in differeni quarters of the
kiii^rdoin. The I'l'otcstanl party soon after took
ii|i arms.- Tv I i,i:i{'s Hist., Hook (i, 'li. '3M
p -m.
iH'tt. REFORMER, Impracticable. T!>,„iiii>i
f'(i,rli/lc. His iiliniou coiiNisis in loiiLriii-.--, his
socialism ^ phra.ses wiihoiit |)laii ; is politics
are alto^r, |)|,.|- lu'j^ative. Hcclearh noii^li sees
what, is wroic,'', but lie fails to poin. out what is
riirht, or wliai we mui,'Iii to siibsiilute in place of
the wioiig which be wi ,dd do away witli. He
is batUed when lie sits down to propose remedic--
He lia*i none lu oiler, but yoes ou ussailing,
HcoiirKitiK. I'lxl l>i>l"i>t{ <I"W» ■ • ' He is It H«>er,
a prophet, a poet Smu.is' Kiiikk ItiouH.vi'lliKH,
P 'jrii.
tM.i. REFORMERS corrupted, h'-n! of //, ,/.
/'iril. When (ill |.")I7| il w a alle;.'((i llial Henry
N'lll. had promised the Karl of I (en lord i lie lev-
eliues of six ^ooil pii'beiids, the disinterested
sincerity of (In I'naectoi in scekinif a further
reformation of i'eli<:ion miirht well lie doubled
— K.NiiiiirH Kni.., Mil :\. ' Il I, p. :{.
HMH. REFORMERS, K> ;lish. /wV, .W. . // /// t'.n-
liiri/. 1. 1 1 ill II J low. I I'd i I I , . ; published his book
"On I'risniis,' and sow i-d the seed which re\o-
liilionl/ed prison disei|,||ne. In ITKti. Ciiplain
Thomas Coram obtained a charter fur the first
foundllni^r hospital, haviiij; seen infants exposed
in the '■ rer'ts and left to perish by their nmiaiii-
rid iiiotliers. About the middle of Hie ei;r|iteeni||
century, .luiia^ llaiiway, by personal elTorl, se-
ciired the esi ililishmeiit of llie .Maj;dalene .Vsy-
Intii, and also the Marine Smieiy ; the latter
of which proposed to lake di^'iissed bovs mit
of till sli els, and educate llicm tor thcsen'e .n's
life. |{olicit Uaikes in 1181 wasstrucKi the
'I'^fradi'd condition of I lie rhildrci) in IIicm. imrbs
■ ' the ( ily of (Jlouce ' r. | No b. iietltto society
It jfreater than thai [iroduced h\ (he | iuliiil ex
leiision of tijucatioii to the hiiMiblesI i la.ss(>s of
the community | tliiiai^h his enib-tivors. He lli ---t
introduced Suiidav schools in 17^1, Mm h was
done by Whitetield ilid Wesley 1 'i'ln liuhl III
eratiire of forty years overllcws with lid.nile of
Melliridism. Tlie pr\ k hers were p> lb>d by Mi>-
mob ; the converlH \\ re held up to cvecration a.s
faiiiitics or liypocrili s Yet MelhiMlliin held the
Lcronnd it had /rained. It had jro'i^' f'"''li '" "'
ter the words of ttntli to men little above ihe
beasts that pi lish, and it had brmu'ht them lo
reifiird theiiisi Ivfs as akin to liuniHiiily. The
time would come when its earnesincss umild
iiwakeii ilie Church itscM' from it^ somnolency,
and the ediicaied I'lasses would nut be asliiined
lo be rclitfions. There was v\iM enihii- sni
pn()iii,di in sonieof the followi i sof Whiteliciil and
Wcs'ey ; miie)i seit seekini; ; zeal ver/fin;! u|x-n
profaiii iiess , moral conduct Hti;i, lively oppo,s<'d
to jiious profession. Mul these earnest mm lefft
a mark iijion lb; r time wliich can never be ef-
laeed The obscure yoiim; stiideiils at Oxfi rd,
in ITiili. who were first called " SacrameniHriims,"
ilieii " Bible Moths,' and fin.i!'\ " Metliu'di.sfs."
prodiu'cd ti moral revolution in KnglaiM which
probably saved \is from the fate of nations whol-
ly abaiidoneil to their own de\ i( IS. - Kmoiii'h
ftso , vol. 7, ch. ]). 111).
UM*7. REFORMERS, Falte. S,'iu.;i. Tin phi
losoplicr Seiieii could write of ihe d\ji\ of
conferrimr bem lils, hut was practically ;i ffripin;;
usurer. — IvMoiir'^ Ivvo. vol. 1. ( h. '■\. p. 4(1
'I6>^S. REFORMERS, Self-condemned. /''////.>/-
(iinj/. While liic leiicis mI I.uilur vmi-c rapidly
uainiiiiz: ^roiind in flu N. :th, the lollowiiiff fad
will coiiviiici us thai he wrojj^ated i< ■ himself itn
mithority very little shori of thai .ii the pope
in <J| iniany. Philip, tiie landunixe of iie!*.se
Ca.sst ,. had takeu a disgust at his wife, a prin-
cess of file liiiu.se of .Saxony, who he allejjecl Wiis
intolerably utrlv, and 'iddicled to driink<'niie.s.s
The secret was, that he had fallen in love with •»
yoiin;? Indy of tlie nume of Saal, whom he wiiiir<Hl
'o marry. Luther at this time, with live of his
^
^
.^^
^y^^^'
IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)
1.0
I.I
11.25
tlA12.8
x<4 1^ 1 2.2
Hf lis 12.0
II
U llilll.6
^^^^'
*>."V
Photographic
Sciences
Corporation
23 WiST MAIN STREET
WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580
(716) S73-450a
c>
•-»j
?
fe
^'
O^
^
653
RKFLOE— UFINFORCKMKNTS.
followers, was holdinj; ii kind of synod at Wit-
tenberg, for the regulation of all matters regard-
ing the ehnreli. 'I'lie l.mdgrave i)reseiite(lj<) him
a petition, setting forth his ease, in which In,' r.t
the same lime insinuated, that in ease Luther and
his doctors should refuse him a dispensation of
l)olygamy, he would, perhaps, be obliged to ask it.
of the pope. The synod were under considerable
dinieuity. The interest of t'le landgrave was too
forinidal)le to tie di-regarded, and at the same
time, to favor him, thi y must assume to them-
selves a power of lirciking a law of Scripture.
The temporal consideration was UK^re ])owerful
than the sjiiritU!!! one. They agreed to give
I'hiiip a dispensation for polygamy, and lie ac-
cordingly married hi'' Favorite, even with the
eonseiil of his former wife. —TvTi, Kit's Hist.,
Book «, eh. -M. p. -im.
4650. EEFUGE, Sanctuary for. Fifteenth Cen-
tury. The clergy are tliey who have the su-
preme sway over the country. . . . They have
provided that a number of sacred places in the
kingdom should serve for the refuge and escape
of all deiin(|uenls ; and iKjoiie, were he a traitor to
the crown, or had he practi.seci against the king's
own person, can be takiMi out of these l)y force.
And a villain of this kind, who, forsome great ex-
cess that he has committed, has been obliged t(>
take refuge in one of these sacred places, often
goes out of it to brawl in the public streets, and
then, returning to it, escai)es with impunity for
every fresh otfenee he may have l)cen guilty of.
This is no detriment to the purses of the priests,
nor to tin; other ))erpelual sanctuaries. lJut(,'verv
church is a sanctuary for forty days ; and if "a
thief, or murderer, who has taken refuge in
one, cannot leave it in safety vluring tho.se forty
days he gives notice that he wishes to leave
England. In which case, being stripped to the
shirt by the chief magistrate of the place, and a
crucifix placed in his hand, he :s coixlucted
along the road to the sea, where, if he finds a
ras.sage, he may go, with a "God speed jou."
liut if he should not find one, he walks into the
sea up to the throat, and three times asks for
pa.ssage ; and this is repeated till a ship ap-
jiears, which comes for him, and so he departs
in safety. — Kn to ht's Exo., vol. 3, ch. 15,
p. 244.
44(60. REFUGE secured. In Anierini. Crom-
well was (lead The Conunonwealth totten'd
and tell. Charles II. was restored to the throne
of his ancestors. Tidings of the Ilesloration
reached Boston on the 37th of July, KitiO. In
the same vessel that bore the news came Edward
Whalley and William GolTe, two of the judges
who had pa.sse<l sentence of death on Charles I.
It was now their turn to save their lives by
flight. Governor Endicott received them with
courtesy ; the agents from the British Govern-
ment came in hot pursuit, with orders to arrest
them. For a while the fugitives, aided by the
people of Boston, batlled the officers, and then
escaped to New Haven. Here for many weeks
they lay in concealment ; not even the Indians
Would accept the reward which was offered for
their apprehension. At last tht e.\iles reached
tile valley of the Connecticut, .md found ref-
uge at tin; village of lladley, where they passed
the remainder of their lives. — Ridpatii s U. S.,
ch. 14. p. 137.
4661 . BEFUSAL.ContemptQoas. Emperor Cln n
diuK [He was one of the rival emperors of
Rome.] The siege of Miliui was continued, and
Aureolus soon discovered tlii.t the sicce.ss of his
artifices had only raised up a luon; determined
adversary. He attempted to negotiaie witli Clau-
dius a treaty of alliance and partition, " Tell
him,"re,)li(d the intrepid emjieror, " that such
lU'()])osals should have been made to Gallienus ;
//(', (lerhaps, might haxc listened to them with
patience, and aecejited a colleague .as despicable
as himself." This stern refusal, and a last un-
successful etforl, obliged Aureolus to yield the
city and himself to the discretion of thecoiKjuer-
or. — (Jiiihon's Ro.mk, ch. 11, ]». i};{8.
4662. REFUSAL, Disdainful. CaM th<i Sur-
tii'in. [Hv invaded S\ria, and was ojipo.sed by
a' Romaii army. J In the ]iresenee of both ar-
mies, a venerable Greek advanced from the ranks
with a liberal offer of peace ; and the departure
of the Saracens would have been purchased by
a gift to each soldier of a turban, a robe, and "a
piece of gold ; ten robes and one luindred pieces
to their leader ; one hundred ro!)es and one
thousand pieces to the caliph. A smile of in-
dignation expressed the refu.sal of Caled. " Ve
Cliristian dogs, you know your option — the
Koran, the tribute, or tlu- .sword. We are a jieo-
ple whose delight is in war rather thi\n in
l)eacc, and we des])ise your pitiful alms, since
we shall be speedily masters of your wealth,
your families, and j'our persons." — Gihi'.ons
Ro.mk, eh. ol, p. VJr^.
466:5. REFUSAL, Happy. Ale.ranclei-'s. When
he came within a short distance of the city of
Lamii.sacus, which he had determined to destroy,
in order to punish tlie rebellion of its inhabitants,
he saw Ana.ximenes, a native of that place, coin-
ing to him. This man, who was a famous his
torian, had been very intimate with Philij^, his
father ; and Alexander himself had a great es-
teem for bim, having been his pupil. The king,
suspecting the business he was come upon, to be
beforehand with him, swore, in express terms,
that be would never grant hisrecpiest. " The fa
vor I have to desire of j'ou," says Anaximenes,
"is, ihat yeu would destroy Lair-iisacus." By
this witty evasion, the historian saved his coun
try. — R()i,i,in's Hist., Book 15, ^ 3.
4664. REGARD, Insincere. T/ienu'xtodes. This
l)ri!<lent general used to .say the Athenians i)aid
liim no honor or sincere respect ; but when
a storm arose, or danger a])peared, they sheltered
th(!mselv(s under him, as under a plane-tre<'.
which, v. hen the weather was fair again, they
would r:)b of its leaves and branclies. — Pi.r-
TAKCIl's TllKMISTOCl.KS.
4665. REIGN, The longest. Louis XIV. Louis
was crowned in 1()48, when four years old, and
he reigned until his death in 1715. His reign,
the longest on record, bad occupied .seventy-two
j'ears. — Stidknts' Fhanck, ch. 22, ^ 18.
4666. REINFORCEMENTS, Dangerous. Vir
giiiiii. In the midst of these dark days, Caiila'ii
[Christopher] Newjiort arrived from England
He brought a full store of supplies, and our- hiiii
dred and twenty emigr.ants. Great was the y>y
throughout the little plantation ; only the iiresi-
dent was at heart as much grieved as gladdened,
for he saw in the character of the new-comers ue
RELIC— RELICS.
553
promise of anything hut vexation and disaster,
llcre wore thirty-four geu'li'incn at the liead of
tlie list, to hegin v' itli ; tlien ciiinc j^old-huntcrs,
jewellers, en^'nivers, adventurers, strollers and
vai^^ahonds : nianj" of tlieiii had more husiness in
jail llian in Jamestown. To add to Smith's clia-
;^rin, this company of worthless creatures had
been sent out contrary to his previous protest
and injunction. lie had urged Newport tohring
over oidy a few iiuhistrious mechanics and la-
borers ; hut the love of gold among the members
of tlie London Company had prevailed over coin-
mon-sens(! to send lo Virginia anotli(;r crowd of
proiiigates, — Riui'atu's U. S.,ch. 9, p. 103.
'IG67. RELIC, An auspicious. " The Holy
fMim." [The Crusaders were reduced to great
distress when besieged by the 'i'urks in Anti-
och.] Of the diocese of .Marseilles, there was a
priest of low cuniung and loose manners, and his
name was Peter IJartliolemy. He ]>r( siMited him-
self at the door of the co\nicil-chamber, to dis-
close an ap|)arition of St, Andrew, which had
been thrice reiterated in his sleep, with a dread-
ful menace if he presumed to suppress the com-
mands of Heaven. " At Antioch," said the apos-
tle. " in thechurch o'l my brother, St. Peter, near
the high altar, is concealed the steel head of the
lance that pierced the side of our Redeemer. In
three days that instrument of eternal, and now
of temporal, salvation will be manifested to his
disciples. Search, and ye shall fnd ; bear it
aloft in battle, and that mysti(; weap')n shidl i)en-
etrate the souls of the mi.sereants." The poi)e's
legate, the bishop of Puy, alfected to listen with
coldness and distrust ; but the revelation was
eagerly accented by Count Raymond, whom his
faithful subject, in the name of the apostle, had
chosen for the gimrdiiui of the holy lance. The
experiment was resolved ; and on the third day,
after a due preparation of prayer and fasting,
the priest of Marseilles introduced twelve trusty
spectators, among whom were the count and his
chaplain ; and the ciuu'ch-doors were barred
against the impetuous multitude. The ground
was opened in the appointed place ; biit the work-
men, who relieved each other, dug to the depth
of twelve feet without discovering the object of
their .search. In the evening, when Count Raj'-
mond had withdrawn to his post, and the weary
assistants began to murm\ir, Bartholemy, in his
shirt, and without his slioes, boldly descended
into the pit. The darkness of the hour and of the
j)lace enabled liim to secrete and deposit the head
of a Saracen lance, and the first sound, the tirst
gleam of the steel was saluted with a devout
rapture. The holy lance was drawn from its re-
cess, wrapjied in a veil of silk and gold, and ex-
posed to the veneration of the Crusaders. — Gib-
bon's RoMK, ch. 58, p. ,')86.
4((0§. RELICS, Bogus, lidif/ious. Luther . . .
directed a vii.'::)r()us attack upon the Archbishop
Albert oi Mayence, brother of the Elector of
Brandenburg. This church dignitary, in need
of money, had again set up the traffic with indul-
gences in the city of Ilallc, establishing a great
shrine of relics, and inviting all to visit the same.
He had collected a multitude of glorious relics,
about nine thousand in number. Among these
were remains of saints, a portion of the body of
the patriarch Isaac, rcnuiants of manna, pieces
of Moses' burning hush, jugs from the marriage
feast at Cana, .some of the wine wiiich Christ
made of water on that occasion, thorns from
Jesus' martyr crown, one of the stones with
which Stephen was killed, and many other glo-
rious relics. Against all this abomination Luther
wrote a treatise entitled, "Against the Jdnl in
Halle," and sent it to Wittenberg for [lublica-
tion. — Rkin's LiTiiKH, ch. 10, p. i»7.
46«9. RELICS, Fictitious, dirdli'. f Mary Mag-
dalen's girdle was found in a monastery, and sent
to Lord Cromwell in l.'ilj.'j.]— Knkmit's Eng.,
vol. 3, ch. 2;i, [). ;5(J(5.
4070. . I'nijUiihlv. I Erasin\is de-
scribes, in his Collo(iuies, the exhibition of relics
in l.lOi*.] The joint of a man's tiiiger is exhib-
ited to us, the largest of three. 1 kiss it ; and then
lask, " Whose relics were these V" He savs, •' St.
Peter's." '■ The Apostle ';'" lle.said." Yes."" Then,
observing the size of the joint, which might have
been that of a giant, I remarked Pet''r must
have been a man of very large si/.e. [What
looked like ground chalk mixed with the white
of an egg was shown to him as the ndlk of the
Blessed Virgin. At tin; shrine of St. Thonnis at
Canterbury he saw in the sacristy a box of
black leather which contained some torn frag-
ments of linen which were once w(mii by St.
Thomas. He was also shown thi^ up|)er part of a
s'loe which was bound wilii a brass rim, and in it
was a piece of glass i'e.--end)ling a jewc 1, whi( li
might b(^ kissed forasmalh i)iii. It was ihe shoe
of St. Thomas.] — Knkjut's Enci , vol. ;2, ch. 1.'),
p. 24fi.
4071. . ReligiouH. In the I'cign
of the younger Theodosius, Lucia i, a iiresliyter
of Jerusalem, . . . related a very singular dream,
which, to remove his doubts, had been repeat-
ed on three successive Saturdays. A vener-
able figure stood lu'fore bin), in the; silence of
the night, with a long beard, a white robe, and
a gold rod ; announced himself by the name of
Gamaliel, and revealed to the astonished presby-
ter that his own corp.se, with the bodies of his
son Abibas, his fri(.'n(i Nicodenuis, and the illus-
trious Stephen, the tirst martyr of the Christian
faith, were secretly buried in the adjacent held.
He added, with some imi)atience, that it was
time to release himself and his companions from
their obscure pri.son ; that their a))pearance
would besalutarj' to a distressed world, and that
they had made choice of Lucian to inform the
bishop of .Teiusalem of their situation and their
wishes. The doubts and dithculties which still
retarded thi.-s imjjortant disctovery were succes-
sively removed by new visions, and the ground
was o))ene(l by tlie bishop, in the presence of an
inmmierable nudtitude. The collins of ( Jamaliel,
of his .son, and of his friend were found in reg-
ular order ; but when the fourth coflin, which
contained the remains of Stcpli> ::, was shown to
the light, the earth trend)le(l, and an odor, such
as that of Paradi.se, was smelt, which instantly
cured the various disea.ses of seventy-three of the
assistants. The comiianions of Stephen were
left in their peaceful residence of Capharganial.'i ;
hut the relics of the tirst martyr were transport-
ed, in solemn procession, to a cluu-ch constructed
in their honor on Blount Sion, and the mi-
nute particles of those relics, a drop of blood, oi
the scrapings of a bone, Averc acknowledged, in
almost every province of the Roman world, to
.3;
'it
554
RELICS.
I
1 1
possosH a (liviiio and miraculous virtue. — Gut-
BON'a IloMK, cb. 2S, ]). l."tfS.
tWZ. -. liiliuioxx. TliczLNi!, per-
liii[)M the avarice, of ilic i Icrujy of Jerusalem, . . ,
fixed, by uii(|uoslioii:il)le Iradilion, llu- s(;(Mie of
oacli memorable eveiu. They cxbibiti'd Ibe iii-
.slrumeiils wbicb bad been used in tlie passion of
ClirisL ; tlu^ nails and Ibe lance tliat liad pierced
His bands, His I'eel, and His side ; Ibe crown of
thorns that was planled on His bead ; Ibe pillar
a wbicb |[e was scouri^^ed ; and, above all, Ibey
sbowedlbc cross on wbicb H('sulTer(,'d,and wbicb
Wius duiC out of Ibe (Nirlb in Ibe reii^n of Ibose
l)rinci'S who inserU'd Ibe syn)l)ol of (Jbrislianity
in lb(! banners of tlu! Roman lej^ions, Sucb nur-
acles as S(M'ine(l necessary lo account for ils ex-
traordinary preservalion and seasonabh; discov-
ery were grailuidly propagated willioul o|)posi-
tion. Tbo custody of tbo true croxs. wbicb on
East(!r Sunday was solemiilN' exposed lotbe peo-
pl(^ was intrusted to tiio bisliop of Jerusalem ;
ami lie alone migbt gratify tlu; curious devolion
of tbe pilgrims by tlie gift of small pieces, wbicb
tbey (Miebascd in goldor gtmis, r.ndc.'irried away
in tViuinpb lo tbeir respective countries. IJut as
this gainful brancbof commerce must soon bave
been annibilaleil, it was found convenient lo sup-
po.se tbat tlie marvellous wood poss(!ssed a se-
cret power of vegelalion, and tbat itssubslance,
tbougb conlinually diminisbed, still remained en-
tire and unimiiaired. — oriBUON'a Uomk, cb. ;i3,
i;. 4;M.
4673. . CroirnofThovnx. [Bald-
win II., empercr at Conslanlinople, claimed to
possess lilt! crown wbicb Inid been iilac(!d on tbe
bead of Cbri.st.] It bad formerly been tlie jjrac-
tice of tbe Egyptian debtors lo deposit, as a se-
curity, Ibe mummies of tbeir parents ; and botb
tbeir bonor and religion were bound for Ibe re-
d(!niplion of tbe pledge. In Ibe same manner,
and in Ibe ab.sence of tbe emperor, IIk; barons of
Komania borrowed Ibe sum of Ibirleen tbousand
one bundled and lliirty-four pieces of gold on
tbe credit of tbe boly crown. — GrisHON's Ro.me,
ch. 61, p. Vll.
467'l. . liiii'fiioits. Tbe ambassa-
dors of Uccared, Ibe first Catbolic king of Spain,
respectfully olFered, on Ibe tbresliold of tbe Vat-
i(;an, bi.s ricli presents of gold and gems ; tbey ac-
cepted, as a lucrative excbange, tlu! bairs of SI.
John tbe Haptist, a cross wbicb enclcsed a small
pi(!ce of tlie true wood, and ak(!y tbat contain-
ed .some particles of iron wlii(!li bad been scraped
from tbe cliains of St. Peter.— -Giuuon's Uomk,
cb. 37. p. 563.
4075. . IteligioHS. [Tbe Roman
empress Eudocia became greatly devoted 1'^ re-
ligion.] In tbe Holy Land, her alms and pious
foundations exceede(l Ibe munificence of tbe great
Helena; and though Ibe public treasure might
be impoverished by Ibis excessive liberality, she
enjoyed the cons-ious satisfaction of retui-ning
to Constaminoitlc with tbe chains of St. Peter,
the right arm of St. Stephen, and an undoubted
picture of tbe Virgin, painted by St. Luke. —
GruBONs RoMK, cb. 83, p. 3o6.
4676. BELICS, Honored. Religious. [In the
thirleeiilb century the Venetians received the
crown of thorns from Constantinople. It was
borne in a silver shrine, enclosed in a golden
vase. It was afterward conveyeil to France.]
The courl of Prance ad\anced as far as Troyes,
in Chamiiagne, to meet with devolion this ines-
limable n'lic ; it was borne in Iriuni])!! through
Paris bv Ibe king himself, barefoot, ind in his
shirt. 'I'be success of this Iraiisaction templed
the Latin emperor lo olTcr, with Ibe same gener
osity, the remaining furniture of his chapel ; a
large and aulbentic portion of Ibe true ero.ss ;
the baby-linen of liie Son of (Jod, Ibe lanc(!, tbe
s|)onge and Ibe chain of His jmssion ; the rod of
.Moses, and part of Ibe skull of SI. John the Hap-
tist. For tb(! reception of these sjiiritual treas-
ures, twenty Ihous.ind marks were exiiended by
St. Louis on a stately foundalion, Ibe holy chap-
el of Paris. —Gibbon's Romk, (;1i. 61, p. I3U.
4677. RELICS, Sacred. Ucinn of Tlnodomia.
In the age which followed Ibe conversion of Con-
slaiiline, the emperors, the consuls, and tlu; gen-
erals of armies devoutly visited the S(!i)ulcbres
of a lentmakei and a fisherman, and their v(!n-
eral)le iiones were deposited under Ibe altars of
Christ, on which the bishops of the royal city
conliimidly oflered the unbloody .sacrifice. . . .
The bodies of St. Andrew, St. Luke, and St.
Timothy had repo.sed near three hundred years
in the oliscure graves, from whence tbey were
transported, in solemn pomp, to the church of
the a])osilcs, which tlu; niagniticcince of Constan-
tine bad founded on Ibe banks of the Thracian
Hospbonis. About fifty years afterward, the
.same banks were honored by the presence of
Samuel, the judge and prophet of tbe peoph; of
Israel. His ashes, deposited in a golden va.se,
and covered vrilh a silken veil, were delivered by
the bishops into each other's bands. The relics
of Samuel were received by the people with the
same joy and reverence which they would have
shown lotbe living proiibel ; the highways, from
Palestine to the gates of (\)n.stantinople, were
filled wiliiaii uninterrupted procession ; and the
emperor .Vrcadius himself, at tbe head of the
most illusi rious me-nbers of ilie clergy and senate,
advanced to meet his extraordinary guest, who
had always de.served and claimed the homage of
king.s. — Gibbon's Romk, ch. 3H, p. 1.56.
467§. BELICS, Superstitious regard for. lioiws.
[In IOC"), Harold II., King of the Anglo-Saxoas,
swore lo support William the Norman in his
contest for the crown of England ; but he swore
with a mental reserviition. He .stands] between
two ornamental pedestals, upon tbe top of which
he places the ends of his fingers. He is swear-
ing upon common reliipiaries, as he thought ;
such as jiarisb priests in England kept upon tlieir
altars, to command tbe faith of ignorant boors.
He swears. Hut und(!r the relicpiaries are hidden,
by a cloth of gold, the bones of saints and holy
martyrs. William tb(;n commands the cloth to
be removed, and Harold turns pale when he
knows the super.sanctity of the oath which ho
has taken. — Kniobt'sEng., vol. 1, ch. 13, p. 174,
4679. BELICS, Virtue of. Chvintian. a.d.
643. Tbe shrines of Ibe apostles were guarded
by miracles and invisible terrors ; and it was not
without fear that the pious Catholic approached
the object of his worship. It was fatal to touch,
it was dangerous to behold, the bodies of the
.saints ; and tlio.se who, from the purest motives,
presumed to disturb the repo.se of the sanctuary
were affrighted by visions, or punished with sua-
RELTGTON.
555
<len death. Tlio unroaHcjimblo ro(}Uo.st of lui em-
l)reHs, who wi.she'l to deprive the; Hoiimiis of
their siiered treasure, tlie head of 8t. Paul, was
rej(!eted witli tlu; deepest abliorrenee ; ai'd the
po»(! asserted, most probably with tnitii, that a
linen wliieli liad been saiietificd iu tiu; iK.'iglibor-
bood of liis body, or tlie tilings of his chain,
whieh it was sometimes easy and somtitimes im-
possible to obtain, posses.scul an e(jual degree of
iniracMiUms virtue. Htit the power as well as
virtue of the apostles resiiled with livin;:' energy
in tiie bnuist of their sucees.sors. — Oiuhon's
UoMK, ch. 4"), p. 419.
46MO. RELIGION, False Ambition in. Roman
JUin/ieror Julian. He resolved to ereet, without
delay, on the eommanding eminenee of Moriah,
u stately temi)le, whieh might eclipse the splen-
dor of the church of th(! resurrection on the ad-
jacent hill of Calvary ; to establish an order of
priests, whose interested zeal would dett^.'t the
arts, and resist the ami)itioii, of their (Uiristian
rivals ; and to invite a numerous colony of Jews,
whose stern fanatic'ism would be always pn.'par-
ed to .second, and even to anticipate, tlie hostile
measures of the Pagan government. — GiiiuoN's
Ito.\iK, ch. 23, p. 4:{7.
46SI. RELIGION, Austerity in. Blake Pas-
cat. lie removed from his room all superfluous
or luxurious articles, refused tlie a.ssistanee of
servants, brought his own dinner from tlie kitch-
en, fasted fr(!cpi(!ntiy, partook only of the plain-
est fare, passed hours isvery day in prayer, and
gave all the moimy he could spare to the poor.
Around his waist, next his skin, he woreagirdle
of iron, with points directed inward, and when
he cauglit liimself taking pleasure in anything
not spiritual, or when any trifling or plcasr.nt
thought arose in his mind, he would press the
points into his llesh with his elbow, to recall him-
self to what he called his " duty." His two great
rules were to indulge in nothing ho could do
without, and to enjoy no worldly pleasure. lie
considered it ii sin to take pleasure in his food,
and purposely avoided the viands in which be
had formerly delighted. lie took great pains
not to tii-ste what he ate. — Cyci.oi'Edi.v of Bioo. ,
p. 101.
46^2. RELIGION, Benefits of. Cinlization.
[See No. 90!).] The great engine of the civiliza-
tion of the Greeks was the introduction of a na-
tional religion by those eastern colonies ; and, in-
spired with the enthusiasm of all new converts,
it is no wonder that superstition was at this time
their predominant characteristic. To this .'ge,
therefore, and to this character of the people, \v(!
must refer the origin of the Grecian oracles and
the institution of tlie public games in honor of
the gods. — Tyti, Kit's His'-.. , Book 1, ch. 7, p. Gl.
46»:8. RELIGION, Bond of. Smtrh Covmant.
•lamas [I. | had, with some success, established in
mat country [Scotland] a hierarchy on the i)at-
tcrn of the English church, and (Jharles wanted
to complete the work of his father by resting dis-^
cipline upon a regular system of canons, and
modelling the public! worship by the forms of a
liturgy. These designs were extremely odious to
the Scots, and they met with the reception which
might have been expected. The Bishop of Edin-
burgh, beginning to read the service in tlie catlie-
dral-churcli, was assaulted with the most furious
rage, and narrowly escaped being torn in pieces
by the populace. The tunndt spread through the
whole kingdom, and the heads of tm- l^re.-iiyte-
rian party a.s.sembling themselves in the capital,
subscribed the famous bond called the National
Uoirnant, by whieh, after a formal renunciation
of the abominations of popery, they bound them-
selves by a solemm oath to resist all religious in-
novations, and to defend to the ulniost thcgloiy
of God and the honor of their king and country.
The cons('(iu(!nces of this association, which was
eagerly subscribed by all ranks and conditioi:.-)
of the peoph", wens extremely alarining ; and
Charles, perceiving he had goiu.' too far, oliered to
susjiend the use of tin; liturgy, i)rovided matters
were jiiit on tli(! sanu! footing as before, and the
Scots would retract their covenant. Bui, they w.-
plied that they would sooner renounce their bap-
tism ; and summoning a general assem!)ly at (JKs-
gow, they, with great deiilx'ration, not only an-
nulled the liturgy and canons, but utterly abol-
ished the enis(ropal liierar(;hy, which, for abovo
thirty years, had f|uictly subsisted in the king-
dom.— Tvti.kii's Hist., Book 6, ch. 29, p. 401.
46W4. RELIGION, Burdened by. In Trdand.
[Reign of .lames 1I.| The Protestant Noncon-
formists, on their side, endured with more pa-
tience than could have been expected the .sight
of the most absurd ecclesiastical establishinen*-
that the world has ever seen. Four arehbishofis
and eighteen bishops were employed in looking
afteral)outa tiftli part of tiie number of Church-
men who inhabited the single diocese of London.
Of th(! parochial flergy a large proportion were
pluralists, and resided <>• a dislance from tlieir
cures. There were .some who drew from their
beiietices incomes of little less than a thousand a
year, without ever performing any spiritual func-
tion. — MAC.\ui.Av"rt Enu., ch. 6, p. 122.
4685. RELIGION, Burdunsome. Trijles. Two
priests of the btist families of Home, Cornelius
Cethegus and Quintus Sulpicius, were degraded
from the priesthood ; the former becau-^e he did
not present the entrails of the victim according to
rule; and the latter because, as he was sacrificing,
the tuft of his cap, which was such an one as the
Flamini's wear, fell oil. An<l because the squeak-
ing of a rat hsippened to be heard at the moment
that Minuciustho Dictator appointed Cains Fla-
ininius Iiis general of horse, the people obliged
tliem to quit their posts, and appointed others
in their stead. — Pi.t-taiuii's MAiU'KiiLus.
46§6. RELIGION, Champion for. John Milton.
Milton was resolute in his religion at Rome, so
much so that many were deterred from showing
him the civilities they were prepared to offer.
His rule, he .says, was " not of my own accord to
introduce in those places (•onver.salion about
religion, but, if interrogated respecting the faith,
llien, wliat.soever 1 should sufTer, to di.s.semble
nothing. Wleil I was, if any one asked, I con-
cealed from no one ; if any one in the very city
of the popi! attacked the orthodox religion, I de-
fended it most freely." Beyond the stateiiK'nt
that the English .lesuits were indignant, we liear
of no evil conse(|uences of this imprudence. —
.MlI.TON, nv M. PATTtSiiN, ch. 8.
I6M7. RELIGION, Irreligious Champion of. St.
Jiihn Lord lMin(jbrokt:. A.n. 1711. Indifferent
not to the forms of religion only, but to religion
itself, li(! was the unscrupulous champion of the
High Church, and supported the worst acts of
&5G
UELIGK^N.
I I i
I
its most iiitolcnuit policy [while Hecrctary of
stale). — Hancuokt'h U. S., vol. U, cli, 21.
•IGWW. RELIGION changed. For Moiki/. After
sdiiK^ previous iiei;'()tialioii, tiu! )iiiiiiii)lc aixl fas-
i iiiatin;jr Henrietta of Orii'aiis, Ciiarle-.' sister,
wiio possessed iiiticii iiilliieiice over iiiin, arrived
at Dover on a secret, mission in May, 1(370, and
a treaty was shortly afterward conclu'ded, tlic pro-
visions of which, (liseredital)let() lioth s^)verei,ll;ns,
must covertlie memory of I'iiarles [II. 1 with jic-
iiiiiar and eternal inl'atny. lie eni,M,iie(l to alian
don his liilc allie^;, uml join Louis in iuvadini;
Holland. furnishinu.'a continLCent of sixlhousand
uieii •■ind a lleet of tifly sail ; iie was also to malvc
a pid)lic profession of the Roman Caliiode relig-
ion, and propagate it to the utmost of his power
in his dominions. As the price of thesiMlisirrace-
ful acts of treaithery, Charles was to icceive from
Lotus nn amnial sul)sidy of three millions (tl'iO,-
000) duriiij; the war, to;j:ether with the island of
WalchercM, and two fortresses on the Scheldt,
as !iis share of the spoil. — SriUKNTs' Fhano;,
c'l. 31,^ .").
•lOMO. RELIGION and Commerce. ('oilfixh.
Gold lured tne Spaniards to South America'and
ilexico ; Imf the humbler hail which attracted
the French to Xortheni America was codlish. In
Catholic countries there arc so many days on
which meat may not. and tish may he, eaten, thai
fish is an article of very iz'real im])()rtance ; and
this was perha|)s the reason why the French, as
early as l.-)'2."), only thirty-three years after llu^
discovery (.f America, had a considerable Heel
of ti.ihini^ vessels on the banks of Newfoundland.
— Cv(i.()ri;i)i.v OK Hiod., p. ;U)8.
<IO<M>, RELIGION a Conflict. Diinlil!) of Man .
The relii^ious history of man is essentially the
same in all ages. It takes its rise in the duality'
of ids nature. lie is an aidmal, and as an aid-
nial he desires bodily pleasiu'c, and shrinks from
liodily ])ain. Asa being capable of morality, he
is eonsci(jus that for him there exists a right and
wrong. Something, whatever that something
may be, binds him to choose one and avoid the
other. This is his religion, his relig.itio, his ob-
ligation, in the .sense in which the Romans, from
whom we take it, used the word ; and obliga-
tion implies .some superior power to which man
owes obed.ienee. The contlict between his two
dispositions agitates his heart and perplexes his
intellect. To do what the sui)erior power re-
ipiires of him, he must thwart his inclinations.
He dreads puiushment, if he neglects to do it.
He invents methods by whic^h ho can indidge his
api)elites, and finds a substitute by which he can
proi)itiate his invisible ruler or rulers. He offers
sacrifices; he institutes ceremonies and observ-
ances. — FuouDES Blxvan, ch. 2.
4691. RELIGION, Confusion in. James 11. The
king early put the loyalty of his Protestiint friends
to the proof. While he was a subject he had
been in the habit of hearing mass with closed
doors in a small oratory which had been fitted
up for his wife. He now ordered the doors to
be thrown open, in order that all who came to
jtay their duly to him nught see the ceremony.
When the host was elevated there was a .strange
confusion in the antechamber. The Roman
Catholics fell on their knees ; the Protestants
hurried out of the room. Soon a new pulpit was
erected in the palace ; and during Lent a series
of sermons was preached there by popish divines,
to the great diseomposiwe of zealous churchmen.
— Macaii.ay'h Eno., ch. 4, p. 438.
4«fMI. RELIGION, Coniolation of. Cha, ■!,.-< I.
Hisliop Juxon, who attended him to the last
moment, as ht^ approached the block, .said to him,
"Sire, there is but one ste]) more, a sh.u'p and
short one : Keir.end)er that in another second
you will ascend from earth to heaven, and that
there you will tind in an inlinite and inexhausti-
ble joy the reward of your .sacrilice, and airown
that sliall never itass away." " .My friend," re-
plied Charles, interrui)ting him with perfecl com-
])osure, "I go from a corruptible crown to an
iiu'orruptible one, and which, as you .say, I feel
convinced I shall pos.se.ss forever without trouble
or anxiety." — Lamahti.mc's Cito.MWioi.i., j). 4s.
46»5». RELIGION, Contradicted. Abraham [.in-
colli. Two ladies from Tennes.see came before
the President, asking \\w, release of their hus-
bands, held as prisoners of war at .lohnsoc's
Island. ... At each of these interviews one
of the ladies urged that her husband was a re-
ligious man. . . . When the President ordered
the release, he .said to this lady : " You say ymr
husband is a religious man ; tell him when you
meet him that J say I am not much of a judge
of religion, but that in my oi)iiuon the religion
which sets men to rebel against thegoveriunent,
because, as they think, that government does not
sutlk'ieiuly help xoine men to eat their bread in
the sweat of othi'v men's faces, is not thi' sort of
religion u])on which people can get to heaven."
— Rav.mond's Lincoln, p. 735,
4691. RELIGION, Courage by. Rcifin of Janus
IT. [Protestant rebels under the Duke of Mon-
mouth.] The number of the rebels whom Jef-
freys hanged on this circtut was three hundred
and twenty. . . . They were, for the mo.st part
men of blameless life and of high religious pro-
fession. They were regarded by them.selves, and
by a large proportion of tiieir neighbors, not as
wrong-(ioers, but as martyrs who .sealed with
blood the truth of the Protestant religion. Very
few of the convicts professed any re])entance for
what tlu-y h.id done. Many, animated by the
old Puritan spirit, met death, not merely with
fortitude, but with exultation. . . . Some of
them composed hymns in the dungeon and
chanted them on the fatal .sledge. Christ, they
sang, whilQ they were undressing for the butch-
ery, woidd soon come to rescue Zion and to nuike
war on Babylon, would set up His standard,
would blow His trumpet, and would requite
His foes tenfold for all the evil which had been
inflicted on His .servants. — Macaclay'b Eno.,
ch .'), p. .TOS.
4695. RELIGION, Decline of, Samuel John
son. BoswKi.L : " Is there not less religion in the,
nation now, sir, than there was formerly ?" John-
son : "I don't know, sir, that there is." Bos-
WELi. : " For instance, there used to be a chap-
lain in every great family, which we do not find
now." Johnson: "Neither do you tind any
of the state servants which great families used
formerly to have. There is a change of modes
in the whole department of life." — Boswei.l's
Johnson, p. 16('».
4696. RELIGION, Devotion to. Columbxs.
Throu'j'hout his life he was noted for strict at-
RELIGION.
P67
tention to the ofticesof religion, olwerving rigor-
ously tiie fasts and cereinonics of llic cimrcli ; i
nor (lid hi.s piety consist in mere forms, htK par-
look f that lofty and solemn enthusiasm with
^vlli(•ll his whole eliunu'ter was strongly tincl-
mvd. — Ikvinos Coi.iMHi s, eh. 4.
•«97. BELIOION, Discord in. Kf/iz/itiitnu. [A
n.iiural cause of) discoi'ds among themselves was
till' variety and ditferem-cof the olijcctsof relig-
ious worsiiip in the dilVereiii provinces of tlu^
kintrdoni. 'fhe same animals that were regard-
ed in one province with the most superstitious
reverence were in another the objects of de-
testation and al)horri'nee. In one (piarter they
lamed the crocodiles, adorned them w th gold
and iew 'Is, and worshipix'd them ; in another
• hey Killed those animals without mercy. In one
l)ri)viiice the most sacred anim.al was a dog ; in
.•mother they reckoned dog's tlesli the most deli-
eatr- food. (Jats were adored iti one district,
aiel rats in another. From these ditrerences
ar ■>(• per|ietual and violent animosities ; for
tliere are no contentions so rancorous as those
■which s])ring from tlu; most trilling dilfcreiK .s
in religiou.s worship or opiiuon. " Tlie multi-
tude, " says Diodorus, " have been often inflamed
into tlie highest i)itjcli of fury on ac^cc.unt of the
sacrilegious murder of a tlirinccat." — Tyti.eu's
Hist., Book l.ch. 4, p. 4*3.
4«»». RELIGION disguised. P,(:/ans. The
temples of the Roman lOmpire were deserted, or
destroyed ; but the ingenious superstition of tlie
Pag.ins still attempted to elude the laws of Theo-
do^ius, by whicli all sacrifices had been severely
prohibited. Tlie inhabitants of the country,
wiiose conduct was less opposed to the eye of
mali<'ious curiosity, disgui.sed tluiir religious,
under tiie appearance of coneiciiil, meetings. On
the liays of solemn festivals they assembled in
great numbers under the spreading sliad(! of
Miinc consecrated trees; sheep and oxen were
sl.iughtered and roasted ; and this rural enter-
tainment was .sanctilieil by tlie use of incense,
and by the liymns which were sung in honor of
I lie gods, lint it was alleged that, as no part of
the animal was made a burnt-olTering, as no al-
tar was provided to receive the blood, and as the
jirevious oblation of salt (!akes and the conclud-
ing ceremony of libations were carefullj' omit-
ted, flieso festal meetings did not involve the
guests in the guilt or penalty of an illegal .sacri-
fice. — GiHiioN's UoMK, ch. 2S, p. 148.
46ft9. RELIGION, Diverse Views of. Romans.
Til • various modes of worship wliich prevailed
ill the Roman world were all considered by the
people as iMpially true ; by the philosopher, as
e(iu:illy false ; and by the magistrate, as eipially
useful. And thus toleration produced not only
mutual indulgence, but even religious concord.
— (jrinnoNs RoMK, cli. 3, p. 34.
4700. RELIGION, Duplicity in. Reign of James
II. The dispensing power was . . . employed
for the purpose of enabling Roman Catliolics to
hold ecclesiastical preferment. The new .solicit-
or readily drew the wa.rraiits in wliich Sawyer
had i-efiLwd to be concerned. One of these war-
rants was in favor of a wretch named Edward
Sclater, who had two livings, which he was de-
termined to keep at all costs and through all
changes. He administered the sacrament to liis
parishioners according to the rites of the Churcli
of England on Palm Sunday, 1686. On Easter
Sunday, only seven days lati^, lie was at mass. —
Ma( .\i'i,.\Y's En(i., ch". 0, p. 79.
4701. RELIGION, Effects of. I'lintaimm m.
MrrUmdxticiKin. Ecclesiastical tyranny in of all
kinds th(^ worst ; its fruits are cowardice, idle-
ness, ignorance, and poverty, i'uritanism was a
life-giving spirit ; activity, thrift, intelligence,
followed in its train ; and as for courage, a cow-
ard aiul a Puritan never went together. " lit;
that prays best and preaches best will tiglu
best" — such was the judgment of C-"romwell, the
greatest soldier of liis age. — Uancuokt's U. 8.,
vol. 1, ch. 10.
4702. RELIGION, Effort in. Mitriin Luther.
Filled witii awe and reverence, he had come to
Rome, and liad liojied to find jieace for his soul.
" I was oneof tlio.se frantic saints in Rome ; I ran
about all the churches and crypts, and believed
all their shameless, impudent lies. 1 also read
nia.ss, perhajis ten limes, and I very much re-
gretted that my father and mother were still
alive, for I should have been delighted to deliver
them from imrgatory with my ma.sscs, and with
other precious works and many prayers." On
( liis knees li(! creiil up Pilate's stairca.se, the.S'(V<;(«
\ Stitctd, or holy stairway, which was said to have
I been brought from the judgment hall to Rome
and jilaccd in the chapel of St. John's Church of
the Lateral!. Luther did tliis in order to receive
indulgence. And yet lie felt, in doing such a
i work, as if a voice in thunder tones werti crying
j out to him : " The just shall live by faith" (Rcjin.
I 1 : 17). — Ukin's LuTiiEU, ch. 4, p. ;{8.
1 4703. RELIGION, Excitement in. Karli/ Met/i-
Oilints. [Gnuit excitement, with extraordinary
physical ellects, fre(piently attended tlu^ preach-
ing of Wesley and "NVliitefield.] The mo.st
singular fact about them is, that for a consid-
erable time the superior ardor and elo(pience of
Whitetield did not produce them, while under
the calmer and more logicr.l preaching of Wesley
people drojiped on every side as if thunderstru(;k.
j It is also noteworthy . . . that at this time not
one of his texts, as recorded in his journals, was
; of a .serious or territic diaracter, lait they were,
j as in most of his life, selected from the great and
precious jiromi.ses. . . . [\V^esley made a special
investigation of the remarkable physical effects
occurring at Newcastle.] He found, first, that all
persons who had been thus affected were in per-
fect health, and had not been subject to convul-
sions of any kind. Second, that these new affec-
tions had come u])on them in a moment, without
any ])revious notice, while they were cither hear-
ing the [ireaching, or thinkingon what they had
heard. Third, tliat they u.sually dropped down,
lost their strength, and were seized with violent
pain. Tlieir feelings were described differently.
Some said they felt as if a sword was running
through them ; others thought a great weight
lay ujion them. ... "I can no more," said he,
"attribute them to a natural cause than to the
Spirit of God." — Stevens' Methodism, vol. 1,
pp. 136, 188.
4704. RELIGION, Extremes in. Pm-ifiinisin.
[In 1653 the Puritans fasted on Christmas and
feasted on Ash Wednesday.] They took this
course upon ihe old principle, that the greater
was the remove from Roman Catholicism, the
I
5:) 8
RELKHON.
rcli;
Moll. —
nciircr wns tlio approach to inic
Knuiiit'h I<]n(i., vol. 4, cli. 11, p. 1*
'I705. . Sifuntl <'riin,i,l,\ \\
Iciii^lli tlu'V appeared before Jerdsaleiii ; and
tlumirli famine, siekiiess, and /;r(;af losses, oven
l)y llieir victories, iiad reduced llieir immense
army to fwenly tiioiisan<l men, tliey resolutely
attacked a ;;arris((n of forty tiiousand, and after
a siey;e of live weeks took IJKM'itv 1)V storm. The
wlioh! Inhai)itants, soldiers an([ cili/.ens, men,
women, and ciiildren, wiio wero (^itiier .Mahom-
etiir.s or ilews, were put to tiie sword. It is af-
tinned liy all the historians that, after this in
luiman massacre, tiie ('hrisijaiis went in solemn
procession to the place wheic they were told was
the scpidchrcof on r Saviour, and there Imrst, into
a llood of tears. This mixture of barbarity and
cruelty with the t(Mi(ler feelin<,fs is derided by
Koim; authors, and especially Voll!•ir(^ a.s some-
thing? out of nature, and scarcely possibh; ; bnt
when it is considered what was tlio motive of
many of these men, the enthusiasm which ani-
mated them in a cause which they wero per-
suiiiled was to conduct tlu^m to heaven, the con-
tendini? feelings with which they were agitated,
(tetest.ition for tli(».'.(^ infidels who, as they ima<?-
iiu'd, had iiollutcd, by iheir im|iious worshi]), the
most sacred monuments of tlu^ir reliffion, and joy
and ijratitude for the recovery and vindication
of those venerable remains, we shall find noth-
ing in the deportment of these (Jni.sadcrs but
wliat is natural and consistent with their situa-
tion.— Tytmok's Hist., Hook (i, ch. 9, p. IT)?.
•1706. KELIGION, Folly in. J'i/lar Saintn.
As the alTectalion of superior .sanctity and flic
jirido of beiuij sin/^ular f?a\e rise to many of
the misterities of the monastic life, the same mo-
tive led some men to .seclude fhomsolvos from
social life in ii still more extraordinary manner
than that practised by any of the religious or-
wors. These men were tern.ed Sti/litrs, or Pillar
Saints. They mounted themselves on the tops
of stone jiiilars, and stood there immovable for
many years. One Simeon, a native of Syria,
tcave the first ex.unplo of this most amazinii,-
folly, and passed thirty-.s<iven years of his life
upon pillars of various heights, beginning with
one of nine feet, and increasing from year to
year, till ho died on a pillar of forty cubits.
Another saint of the .same name lived sixty-
eight years in the .same manner. The venera-
tion which these holy men acquired excited a
number .,f imitators, and their degrees of sanctity
were always estimated according to the height of
their pillars, and the number of years tlicy had
parsed upon them. For above six C(!nfuries this
.superstitious frenzy ]irevaile(l in the East, nor
Wiis tilt! practice altogether abolished till the
twelfth century. — Tvti.kii's Hist., Book (i,
ch. 15, p. 8").
4707. RELIGION, Generosity in. Fahf. As
file AI('ni;eonid;e were very rich and jiowerful,
they got themselves appointed bj' the Aniphic-
tyons, who constituted the general council of
Greece, to 'Uiperinfend the rebuilding of the tem-
ple of Delphi, for tlie sum of \M) talents or 300,-
000 crowns. As they were naturally generous,
and had besides their reasons for being so on this
occasion, they added to this sum a great deal of
their own money, and made the whole front of
the temple all of Parian marble, at their particu-
lar cxpen.se ; win reas by the contract made- with
the .\mphictyons, it wa.H only to have Ik-, >•
made of common stone. The liberality of the
Alcma'onida' was not altogether a free bounty ;
neither was their magnilicence toward the god
of Delphi a pure elTect of religion : jiolicy wan
the chii'f motive. They hoped by thi.s meaTi-: to
acipiire great influence in tin- tem|)le, and i( iiap-
pene<l according to tlieircxi>cctation. 'i'he money,
which they plentifully poured into the hands of
the priestess, rendered them absolute? masters of
th(! oracle, and of the pn'ti'iided god who pnjwid-
ed over it, and who for the future became their
echo. ... As often therefore us any Spartan
came to consult th(! priestess, whether upon hin
own affairs or upon those of the Stale, no prom-
ise was ever made him of the god's a.ssistance,
but upon condition that the liacedii'monians
should deliver Athens from the yoke of tyranny.
This order was so often rejieated to Ihein by the
oracle, that they resolved at last to make war
against iUv Pisistiatida', though they were under
the strongest engagementsof friendshiiiand hos-
liifality with tlieni : herein preferring the will
of God, says HcnMlotus, to all luiman eon.sidera-
tions. — Hoi.i.in'h Mist., Mook .'"», i^ 8.
J70». EELIGION and Gold. Jlmthen. fin
the besieged city of Tyre there was a hra/.eii
statue of Apollo of enormous size.] During the
siege, in conse(pience of a dream which one of
the citizens had, the Tyrians imagined that
Apollo was determined to leave them and go
over to Alexander. Imniedialelv they fastened
with a gold chain his statue to Hercules' altar,
to prevent the deity from leaving them. For
thes(! jieojile were silly enough to believe that
after his statue was thus fastened down, it would
not bo possibli! for him to make his escape, and
that he would be; j)revented from doing so iiy
Hercules, the tutelar god of the city. — Hom.in's
Hist., Book 15, ^6.
-17«»». RELIGION graded. Pythafjoras. In
imitation of the Egyptian priests, Pythagoras
l)r()fe.s.sed two different kinds of docti'ine, the one
accomiiiodated to vulgar use, and the other re-
served for the private ear of his favorite disci-
ples. The object of '.he former was morality ;
the latter consisted of many mysteries which we
are i)robabl3' at no loss for being very little ac-
([uainted with. Five years of silence were req-
uisite for preparing his scholars for the partic-
ipation of these secrets. These disciples formed
among themselves a sort of community ; they
lived all in the same house together with their
wives and children ; they had their goods in
common, and their time was parcelled out and
appropriated (o various exercises of mind and
body, ^lusic was in high esteem with them, a.s
a corrective of the ]iassions ; and they had one
kind of music for the morning, to awaken and
excite the faculties, and another for the evening,
to relax and compose them. The notion which
Pythagoras inculcated of the .soul's transmigra-
tion through dilTerent bodies made his disciples
strictlv alistain from animal food. — Tyti.kk's
Hist.1I Book 2, eh. 0, p. 2(i;J.
4710. RELIGION, Husbandman's. Cutos
Praj/er. It is in a ceremony called Solitaiirilia ,
and'according to.some Suori'tdiinliti, in which the
country jieople made a jirocession round their
lands, "and offered libations and sacrifices to ccr-
UELIUION.
559
hctikli to iiif, my fiimily, and all my (loiucsiics.'
■pniacli is it tliat Cliristiaiis, tiiiil ol'lcri
tain kimIh, ..." Father Mars," said tlic sn|)i)liaiif,
" r liiimlily impldi'i' and cnnjuic yoti to Ix' lU'ii-
pilidiiM and t'av(irai>l(f to me, my family, anil all
my domi'Mlics, in rcf^ard to tlic occasion of the
present procession in my lields, latals, and es-
tate ; to prevent, avert, and remove from us all
diseases, known and iird<no\vn, desolations,
storms, e.'dandiies, and |)estilential air ; to make
our |)hints, corn, vines, and trees /^row and come
(o perfection ; lo ])reserv(^ our shepherds and
tloeks ; to f^rant thy preservation of life and
hetikh to me, my " '"
What a reproach
those who have the j^realest share in the iX Is
of this world, should in these days he so liyle
eareful to demand them front Ood, and he
ashamed to thank Ilim for them ! Amonir the
I'a/^ans all their meals l)e;ja» and endeil with
prayers, which are now hanished from almost
all our tahles. — Koi.MNH ilisr., Hook 21, art. 4,
4711. RELIGION, Hypoorisy in. C/ixrles If.
The Duke of York [afterward .lames II. |, too
dull toapprehenil danger, or too fanatical to care
ahout it, Wius impatient to see iho article touch-
ing th(! lloman (Jatholie religion carried into im-
mediate execution ; but Louis [XIV^1 iiad the
wisdom to perceive that, if this course were
taken, there would bo such an explosion in Eng-
land as 'vould probably frustrate those parts of
the plan which he. had most at heart. It was
therefore deterndned that (Charles should still
call himself a Protestant, and should still, at
Jiigh festivals, receive the sacrament acconling
to the ritual of the (Main h of England. His
more scrupulous brother ceased to api)<'ar in the
royal (hapel, — .M.\(aulav's E\(1.,cIi. '2, p. li)C.
•I7l*i. RELIGION, Impediments to. (/eorf/i'
M'ulli r. [H(! was sent away from IioukMo school.]
Hut while exemplary in his conduct oiitiPdnUi/,
lie was totally unconcerned about the salvation
of his .soul, and utterly reckless regarding the
eternal njalities of the world to come. He lind
three hundred books of his own, but no Jiible ;
and as lie was surrounded by unconverted per-
sons, and never heard the Oos])el preached, he
had no opi)ortunity wliatever of receiving relig-
ious instruction, nor of conversing with any
one who would take an interest in Ids spiritual
welfare. — IjIKK ok Gkokok .MiIi.i.kk, p. 11.
471 3. RELIGION insulted. Pope (imjory VII.
[He summoned Emperor Henry IV., while at
war with the Sa.xons,] to come in person to
Home and answer tlie charge of liaving granted
the investiture of benefices. He treated this inso-
lent message with proper contempt. Gregory
[VI I.J had, at the same; time, denounced a sen-
tence of excomnumication against Phili]> I. of
France. . . . What gave weight to sentences of
(his kind, which would otlierwi.se have been held
in derision, was that policy of the pojies by which
they took care to level their ecclesiastical thunder
against those who had enemies powerful enough
to avail themselves of the advantages which
such sentences gave them against the party ex-
communicated. Henry, it must be owned,
thought of rather a mean revenge against the
pontill. lly liis orders, a rultiiin .seized the pope
while he wjis performing divine service, and
after bruising and maltreating him, confined him
to prison. The pontiff, however, soon recovered
his liberty, and a.sseml)ling a council at llomo,
pronouiu'ccl a formal sentence of deposition
against the emperor. — Tvri.KiiV Hist,, Mook tt,
eh. 7, p. 127.
4714. . LoidH AT. "The most
Christian king" of France . . . eau.sed an attrac-
tive woman to be taken from public licentious-
ness, consecrated by the sacrament of marriage
as the wife of a French nobh'inaii, and then in-
stalled in his own jialace as his mistress. In re-
turn she adored royalty and sided against the
philosophers .... An abandoned female who
])leased the fancies of a corrupt old man became
the symbol and the support of absolute power.—
lUNinoK'r's I'. S., vol. (I, ch. 4H.
4715. RELIGION by Legislation. Romans.
[The Fiiniieror (Jratian was celebrated for his
piety.] 'I"hi' con.science of the cred\lous iirinee
was (lireeted by .saints and bishop.'i, who i)ro-
cured an im|)erial edict to punish, as a capital
otTence, the \iolation, the neglect, or even tlio
ignorance of the divine law. — UiiiiioN, vol. 3.
4710. RELIGION, Legislation against. /<-#-
iiita. As the intluence of the .lesuit.s gave to
France i;s only power over the Five Nations, the
legislature of New York, in 17(11), made a law
for hanging every Pojiish i)riest that should como
voluntarily into the prn\ ince. " 'I'lu-law ought
forever to continue," is the commentary of the
historian, wholly unconscious of the true nature
of his remark. — H.\N(HoI'T'.s U. S., vol. 3,
ch. 21.
4717. RELIGION, Licensed. Ih/ King John.
[There is a warrant of King .John's, dated from
Normandy, in the early partof his reign, in which
he says: I Know ye, that we have given license
to Peter IJuillo to enter into any religion that he
pleases, — Knkjut'k Eno., vol. 1, ch. 23, p. 340.
47 IS. RELIGION, Melancholy. C r o w w e 1 1.
This passion [of the times] in the ardent and
gloomy disposition of Cromwell almost pro-
duced a di.sease of die imagination. He trembled
for his eternal salvation, and dreaded lest he
should not sacrifice enough for liis faith. He re-
jiroached himself for an act of cowardly tolera-
tion in permitting Catholic symbols, such as tlie
cross on the summit, and other religious orna-
ments, left by recent Protestantism, to remain
upon the church at Huntingdon. He was im-
pre.s.sed with the idea of an early death, and lived
under the terror of eternal punishment. vVar-
wick, one of his contemporaries, relates tliat
Cromwell, seized on a particular occasion with
a fit of religious melancholy, sent frcfiuently dur-
ing the night for th(! phy.sician of tlie neighlior-
ing village, that he might ti.'k to him of his
doubts and terrors. He as.si.stv'd as,siduously at
the preachings of those itinerant Puritan minis-
ters who came to stir up polemical ardor and an-
tipathies. — L.\.\t.\l{TINK's (,'ROMWKI.l;, p. 6.
4719. . Anabajitixts. [Hooker said
of the Analiaptists :] Every word otlierwise than
severely ancl sadly uttered" seemed to pierce like
a sword through "them. If any man were pleas-
ant, their manner was fervently, with sighs, to
repeat those; words of our Saviour Christ, " Wo«
he to you which now lituqh, for ye. shall lament."
— Kni(;ht's Kno., vol. '3, ch. 16, p. 24.5.
4720. RELIGION, Misplaced. Military Cru-
saders. The power of Constantine was distract-
A60
RELIGION.
'i;i
<'il l)y II Tiirkitli war , tlic iiiiiid of Henry wax
tVchIc and irrcHolutc ; and llic pnpc, itiHlrud of
p'passinir \h(' Alps with a (JiTinan army, wan
acci)nipani('(l only liy a L'liard of seven litindred
Swidiians and some voliinleers of liorrajne. In
Ills lonu: |iro;fress from Manlna to Iteneventum,
a vile and pnimisciioiis mnltitude ot' Italians was
enlisted under tlie holy standard : tlie priest and
tlie idhlii'r slept in tlie same tent ; tlie pilxcs and
(•rosses Were inierndnu;led in the front ; and the
martial saint repeated the lessons of his youth
in the order of march, of eneam|>ment, and of
eoinlial. — (JiitnoNH IIomk, <h. ,'")(!, p. 4")r>.
IT'Jil. RELIGION, Hiiunderatood. /Vv»'/< A.
(/(itc. 'I'iie leirale addressed jjitherin a itraeious
tuid fatherly manner, and in the name of the |>ope
plairdy demanded of him tliat Ik; leeant Ids errors
and |)romise to ahstain thereafter from the pro-
muli^ation of all views that ndght, distract the
Church. Two articles he slioultl recall and witli-
dra\'' ; First, the denial that the "indulgence-
treasure " of the ( 'hurch is the merit of our Lord
Jesus Christ; secondly, his maintenance that a
person who wishes to receive the Lord's S'lpper
nuist id)ove all thinjrs possess the faitli and tiie in-
ner conviction that his sins will lie forgiven him.
Hereupon a discussion ensued between Luther
and [Cardinal] Caj<'tan. The attendants of the
latter audibly littered when they heard the ex-
planations of the Au,!::ustinian moid^, so stranj^e
iind curious did they seem to the Italians. In
vain did Luther appeal to the Hibh; and il.s dec-
larations concerning faith. — Kkin'h Luthkk,
ch. ,'), ]). 53.
.ir*ia. . Puntans Critkiml. If,
from the outside i)ecidiarities which so easily ex-
cite the Hucerof the superficial ob.server [.see No.
47;}1 1, W(! took t(, ;li(! genius of the s('clit.self, Puri-
taiusm was religion struggling for the peojile.
"' Its absurdities," says its (ineiny, " were the .shel-
ter for the noble principles of liberty." It was
its otllce to engraft the new institution.s of jxipu-
lar energy upon the old European system of feu-
dal aristocracy and popular .servitude ; the good
was ])ermanent ; the outward emblems, which
were the signs of party, were of transient dura-
tion. — B.\Ni:ii()i'"T's U. S., vol. 1, ch. 10.
47'23. BELIOION, Mockery of. Roman Em-
peror .\fir/iinl. Hut the most extraordinary feat-
ure in the character of .Michael is the profane
mockery of the religion of his countrj-. . . . A buf-
foon of the court was invested in the robes of
the patriarch ; his twelve inetropolitan.s, among
whom the emperor was raidced, n.ssumed their ec-
clesiastical garments; they \ised or abused the
.sacred vesst'lsof the altar ; and, in their bacchana-
lian feasts, the holy communion was admini.stered
in a nauseous compound of vinegar and mustard.
Nor were these impious spectacles conccsaled from
the eyes of the city. On the day of a solemn fes-
tival, the emperor, with his bisliops or buffoons,
nxle on asses through the streets, encountered the
true patriarch at the head of his clergy ; and by
their licentious shouts and obscene gestures dis-
ordered the gravity of the Chri.stian procession, —
Gibbon's Romk, "ch. 48, p. 596.
4724. BELIOION without Morality. Arme-
nian. [Archbishop Isaac was earnestly solicited
by the Armenian nobles to sanction the removal
of their unworthy king.] He deplored the man-
ifest and Inexcusable vices of Artasires, and de-
clared that he should not hesitate to accuse him
before tin; tribunal of a Christian emperor, who
would punish, without destroying, the sinner.
" ( »ur king." conlimied Isaac, " is too nuich ad-
dicted to licentious pleasures, but he has Ixu'n
nurilled in the holy waters of baptism. H(! is li
lover of women, but he does not adore the tire
or the elements. He nniy deserve the reproacli
of lewdness, but he is an undoubted Catholic ;
and his faith is mire, though his nniimerH are
tiagitious. I will never con.seiit to abandon my
sheep to the rage of devoin'ing wolves ; and you
would soon repent your rash exchange of the in-
llrmities of a believer for the specious virtues of
a heathen." — (Jhuion'h Uo.mk, ch. liiJ, p. '.WO.
4745. BELIOION, Motives in, ll,',ithnL The
devout polytheist, though fondly attached to his
niiiional rites, admilled with implicit faith the
ditVerent religions of the earth. Kear, gratitude,
tmd curiosity, a dream or an onten, a singular
disorder, or a distant .journey, perpetually dis-
posed him to nndtiply the articles of his belief,
and to enlarge the li.s't of his protectors. — GlH-
HoNs HoMK, eh. 'Z, p. 'M.
4720. BELIOION needful to the State, Moral-
itji. [Seven years after the abolition of the (Com-
monwealth aed the restoration of the i)rolligate
Charles II., the historian writes :] The infamous
.■orruplion of the higher classes was eating into
the foundation of England's greatness. Her jjco-
pl(! were losing that masculine simplicity, that
liearty devotion toi)ul)lic and private duties, that
religious earnestness — intolerant, no dovd)t — but
rarely sinudaled by the followers of Calvin or the
follow ers of Arminius in the greatest heat of their
contlicts ; the English were losing that nationality
whos(! excess may be ludicrous, but whose utter
want is despicable. — Knkiht's Eno., vol. 4,
ch. 17, p. 295.
4727. . PatriotiHm. [Their] motive
[for favoring the Ileformation] was their [the peo-
])le's] avowed hatred of the religion which Aus-
tria ]irotected, and their enthusia.stic attachment
to a doctrine which that House was endeavoring
to extirpate by tire and sword. Their attachment
was ardent, their luitred invincible. Religious
fanaticism anticipates even the remotest dangers.
l"]nthu«iasm never calculates its sacrifices. What
the most i)re.ssing danger of the State could not
effect with the citizens was effected by religious
zeal. For the State or for the prince few would
have drawn the sword ; but for religion, the mer-
chant, the artist, the peasant — all clieerfully tlew
to arms. For that State or for the jirince even
the smallest additional impo.st would have been
avoided ; but for religion the people readily
staked at once life, fortune, and all earthly
hopes. It trebled the contributions which flowed
into the exchequer of the princes, and the armies
which marched to the field ; and, in tlie ardent
excitement produced in all minds by the peril
to which their faith was exposed, the subject
felt not the pressure of those burdens and priva-
tions under which, in cooler moments, he would
have sunk exhausted. The terrors of the Span-
ish Iiupiisition and the massacre of St. Bar-
tholomew's procured for the Prince of Orange,
the Admiral Coligny, the British Queen Eliza-
beth, and the Protestant princes of Germany
supplies of men and money from tlieir subjects,
UHLKiloX.
r.ci
L'Ct
to a (Ici^rcc which nt present Is liieoiierlviil)le. —
TiiiUTH Vkakh' Waii, ^11
JT'iM. RELIGION, Oooaiion of, MukI, n/. Kvcii
Mceplicism i-* tllllde lo supply Mil ilpnldify fur Hii
perHliiiiiii. Tlie i^rciit ami iii('<iiii|iirhrii>ihle >
Kiriil of the iiiiiscr^e eludes Ijie iiKpiiry of iiiiin.
Where reiison eiimiol iiislniel, eiislom iiiiiy he
periiiitli'd to i^iiiile ; and every iialion seems to
eoiisiijl llie dielales of priliieiiee hy a faillifill
atlaeiinieiit to Ihosr riles and opiiijoiis wliieli
have received the sanction of aires. If lliose imes
have lieeii crcvviied with ;;lory and prosperity, if
the devout pi'ople liaM' Ireipielilly olit:iilled llie
hlessinijs which they iiave solicited at lln' altars
of the ;rods, ii must appear still more ad\ isalile
to pc'i'sisl in the same salutary praeliee, and not
to risk th(^ unUnown perils that may attend any
rash innovations. — (JiiiitoNs Homi;, eh. 'JH,
I). i:r>.
.|T'i». RELIGION, Oppressive, ('ntmn/ of Murii-
land, '{'he clause for Illicit v in Maryland extend-
ed only to Christians, and was introduced hy
the jiroviso that, " Whatsoever person hIiiiII IiIiis-
j)lie,Me (lod, or shall reproach or deny the Holy
I'rinity, or any of the 'I'hree I'ersoiiH, thereof,
shall he punished with death." — Hanchokt's
U. S., vol. 1. eh. 7.
'ir;»0. RELIGION, Natural. raijunH. A fa-
mous lej,dslator, Zaieucus hy nimu! . . . r('(iuires
ahove all tliiii;;s, of the citizens, to lielicve and he
tirmly jierHuaded that there are _t;o(ls ; and adds,
thai the hare castiiiLC up our eyes to the heavens
a 11(1 conlein plat ill,!.; I heir order and tieauty are suf-
licieiit to conviiic(^ us that it isimpo.ssihieso won-
derful a fahri(! could have heeii formed liy iiu're
chance or human power. As the natural conse-
(pieiiee of this helief, he e.xhorts men to honor and
revere the ijods as the authors of whatever is^iod
and just ainoni; mortals ; and to honor them, not
merely hy siicritices and splendid ^ifts, liut by ii
eircuiiis[K'ct. conduct, and hy purity and iiuio-
cence of manners, these? lieinjr intinitely inorc!
ffraleful to the deities than all the saerilices thai
can heolTered. After lliise.xordium, so ]ire!:'naiit
with reli;;ion and piety, in which hedescrilies the
Siiprenie iJeiiii; as the primary source whence all
laws tlow, as the chief a\ithorily which coiii-
iiiands oheilieiice lo them, as the most powerful
inotivt' forour faithful ohservancu of them, and
as the i)erl'ect model to which mankind oufrht to
conform, he descends to the particulars of those!
duties wliich mi'ii ()W(> to one another, and lays
down a iireci'pl which i.s very well adapted to
]>reserve peace and unity in society by enjoininjj
the individuals who compose it not to' make their
haired and dissensions [)erpetual, which would
evince an unsociable and sava.tre disposition, Imt
to treat their enemies as men who wculd soon be
their friends. This is earryiiii^ morality to as
j^retit a iierfection as could be expected from
lieathens. — lioi.UN's Hist., Hook 7, eh. !3, S 1-
4738. RELIGION paradoxical. Pnritahs. This
wa.s the Puritan belief in England in the seven-
teenth century. The reason starts at it, but all
religion is paradoxical to reason. God hates sin,
yet sin exists. He is omnipotent, yet evil is not
overcome. The will of man is free, or there can
be no .guilt ; yet the action of the will, so far as
experience can throw light on it.s operation, is as
much determined by antecedent causes as every
other natural force. Prayer is addressed to a
Heing imsumed to he oninlsrient, who known
belter what is good for us than we can know ;
who sv'cs our Ihoiiirhls without re(|uirlng to hear
them in woi.ls ; whose will Is fixed iiiid cannot
be clianv'ed. I'rayer. therefore, in the eye of
reason, is an Impertinence. The Piiriliin theol-
ogy is not more open to objeciion on the uroiind
of iiiiieasoii.'ibleiiess than the Catholic llienlogy,
or any other which regariN man as answerable
to (iod for his conduct. \\ ■ must .jiidue of a
creed by ils ell'eclson character, as we |udL;e ' f
the wholesoineiiess of food as it conduces to
bodily heallli. And the creed which swept like
a w,'i\e tliroiiirh Miiglaiid at thai time, and ree-
ommeiideil itself to the noblest and most powrT-
fill inlellecls, produced also in those who iicce|)t-
eil it a horror of sin. and enlhusiasin for jiisticrt,
purity, and manliness, which can be |iarallele(l
only in the first age of Christianity.— FuorDK's
Mt'NVAN, ch. 'i.
'irst'i. RELIGION, Peculiarities in. I'ltvitans
ill At ir HiKjhiiiil. They were opposed to wigs ;
they could preach ii.i:aiiist veils ; they deiioimcecl
long hair ; they disliked the cross in the banner,
as much as the people of Paris disliked the lilies
of the Mourboiis, and for analogous reasons.
They would not allow Christinas day to be kept
sacred ; they calleil neither months, nor days, nor
seasons, nor churches, nor inns by the names
common in England ; they revived Scripluro
names at christenings ; . . . ])rohibited frivolous
fashions in their own dress; and . . . c hecking
extravagance even in woman, frowned on her
hoods of silk and her scarfs of tiffany, extended
the length of her sleeve to the w risi, and limited
its greatest width to half an ell. . . . They mar-
rii'd without a minister, and buried the di.'ad
without a i)rayer. — liANCKoKr's L'. S., vcjI. 1,
ch. 10.
4T!I!I. RELIGION, Persecution of. /.'</'//( "/
Jiiiiiin If. Many Dis.seiiters were cited before the
ecclesiastical courts. Others found it necessary
to purchase the connivaiK e of the agents of the
government by presents of hogsheads of wine,
and of glovts stuffed with guineas. It was im-
possible for the sectaries to jiriiy together without
precautions such as arc employed by coiners and
receivers of stolen goods. 'I he jilaces of meet-
ing were freciuently chan.Lred. Worship was per-
formed sometimes just before break of day and
.sometimes at dead of night. Hound the building
where the little flock was gathered to,irether senti-
nels were posted to give tlu; alarm if a stranger
drew near. The minister in disguise was intro-
duced through the garden and the back yard. In
some houses thcic were traji-doors through
which, in case of danger, he might descend.
AN'here N'onconformists lived next door to each
other, the walls were often broken open, and
.secret pa.ssages were made from dwelling to
dwelling. No ]).saliii was sung ; and many <'on-
trivances were used to prevent the voice of the
preaclK'r, in his moments of fervor, from being
heard beyond the walls. Yet, w ith all thin care,
it \yas often found im]»ossible to elude the vigi-
lance of informers. — Macailay'b End., ch. Ti,
p. (517.
4734. RELIGION of Policy. Cfiangeful.
Michael, the emperor who had raised Photius to
the patriarchal chair, was murdered by his rival
Basileas, who, immediately on his mounting the
:m
nVAAdlOS.
I
p
lit
iiii|>i'riiil tliniiH', ili'piisi'il tlii> imlrijiri'li in llic
iniilsl of lih triiiin|>li ; iiml it ciniiicil of tlic
rliiircli l)i'in;r culled at Mils tiiiii', ill itiiinr,
i'linliiis wiiH llimilillioiisly ('iiiiilrtilliril to ijii pcil-
unci' I'lir Ills iisiii'|iitti<iiis itiiil lici'i'NJcH. Soon iii'lir,
liowi'vci', I'lmliiis, who wiisii nmimr ('(iiisiiiiiiimii>
ulillily, pi'rvalli'il oil III!' cinpi'i'itr to rciiisiiiic him
a-< palriarcli. ami In' was now ili'clarcil iiinoci'iil
li.V lour liiimlri'il liis||o|is, tlini' liiimln'dol' wlioiii
were llic saiiir men who hail lict'orc Mi>;n('il hi-i
comlrmmitioii. 'I'IiIm in a (lis^rntcct'ii! picliiri' of
(li'pravily ; Init coiiTii'iii'i- ami rcliuioii arc too
weak loi'omli.ii a;;aiiisl Slate |)olicv. — 'I'yii.ku'n
MiHT , IJooU (I, ch. •», p, It").
47:iA. BELIOION and Politioi, Aurinit l{<>
iniiiiH. 'V\w iiomaiis hIiowciI a spirit of lolcralion
to the I'cli^Moii-toiiiiiioiis of olher mitions, liccaiise
th(;y foiiml iiothiiii; in tiiesc which aii: "il al Ihi^
sultversinii of iheir own rclii;ion, nor nnythin^
of that /.cal of nmkin;jj converts which ho re
nmrkahlv ilistinj^iiiMheil the votaries of Ohris-
tiiinily. 'riie reli;rioiiof the Itonmns was inscp.i-
riibly inlerwoven with their system of ;rovern-
ment. 'I'lie Christian^, liy exiioslnij; the iilisiiril-
ities of their system of wurship, in elTcct iimlcr-
mined the falirie of their political constilulion ;
niid hence they were not without reason consid-
orcd hy the; Itomaiw as a dan^jeroiis hody of
men, whom it liecame the interest of the empire
to suppress and extermiiiate. llciict! thosi! op-
prohrioiis epithets with which they have lieen
slii^matized hy tlu^ Itomiin writers, and hence
those crnel persecntioiiH which they underwent
from the emperors and their dei)Utics in the
provinces, — Tvti.kii'h Hist., IJook 5, ch. 4, p. !J.
.«T:I«. religion, Power of. l)nii,h in Ihit-
itin. Their relii,don was that of the Druids,
the uncertainty re^^ardini,' whn.se jMirticMdiir tenets
is universally acknowledtci'd. It is, however,
generally agreed that they tutighl tlie helief of
one (Jod, O('iitorof the iiiuverse ; of tiie liiniteil
duration of tile world, and its dcsti action hy
tire ; of tlie immortality of the human soid, and
its transmigration through dilTerent liodies, in
which the just and the wicked met with a retri-
bution for tlu'ir conduct in Ww present state ;
but on these doctrines, as general principles, tiiey
weined to have reared an ii'uneiisosuperstructuro
of fable. Their worship was polluted by the
horrid prtictico of human sacritico ; and thi; chief
olllci! of their priests was to divine future events
from the; tlowing of the blood of tlu; victim, or
the jxisturc in which he fell after receiving the
fatal blow. The inlluence of this religion was
.so great as to extend over every department of
the government of the Urilons. TIk; Druids
W(!re not oidy the priests, but the judges, ('ivil
and (irinunal ; and the bondage in which they
held the minds of the p(!ople was so strict as to
supply the place of laws. The Romans, after
the conquest of Gaul, found it impossible to rec-
oncile to their laws and institutions the nations
whom they had subdued, while this religion sul)-
sisted, and in this instance were obliged to de-
part from th(;ir usual principles of toleration.
They abolished the religion of the Druids by
the severest penal enactments. — TYTiiKK'sHisT.,
Book 6, ch. 4, p. 108.
JTSy. BELIGION, Preparatory. Wci^t Indians.
Columbus at tirst indulged in fhe error that the
natives of Huyti were destitute of ull notions of
religion, and he had conseiinently flattered him
Nelf that il would he the easier to Introduce into
ilieir minds the doctrines of ('hrisliaiiity ; not
aware that il is more dilllc.dt to light up the llni
of devotion in the cold heart of an iilheiHt tinkii
to direct the lliime to a new objeri, when It Ih
already enkindled. 'I'bereare few beings, how-
ever, so destitute of rellection as not to Ih! im-
pressed with the conviction of an overniliiiK
deity. A nation of atheists never exislc<l. —
litviNOM CoMMiiis, Mook (I, ch. 10.
.|T:I*». RELIGION, ProgreM In. ' M<»r Truth:'
Now, the Knglishat Liydeii, Irusling in (Jod and
in themselves, made ready for Iheir departure
. . . the Speedwell, of sixty Ions, the Mayllower,
of on(! hundred and eighty Ions. . . , A HoU^inn
fast was held; , . . |pastor| Itobinson gave them a
farewell : " I charge you before (Jod and Ills
lilevsed angels that you follow me no further
than you have seen ini' follow the Lord JeHiiH
Christ. The liord bus more I nil h yet to liri'iik
forth out of His ilolv word." — JIanciiokt'h
l". S., vol. I, ch. H.
17:10. RELIGION, Progresi by. (Uonizufion.
Keligious enthusiasm coToni/ed New Kngland,
and religious enthusiasm founded Montreal,
made a cont|uest of the wilderness on the upper
lake.4, and explored tlie Mi.ssi.ssip|>i. Puritanism
gave New Kngliiid its worship and its schools ;
the Itonian church created for Canada iLs altars,
its liospitals, and its .seminaries.- -HANciioi-'T'rt
U. S., vol. ;{, ch. at).
IT'IO. RELIGION, Progreislve. MuhomH'ii.
The illiterate character and ignoranei! of Mii-
homet. In his younger days, Icavi! no doubt
that, in the composition of this work, Ik; niiiHl
have hi'.u :ible a.ssistanls ; but as he was po8H(!8.se(i
of strong natural talents and a brilliant imag-
ination, the chief merit was, in all probabil-
ity, his own. The |)roduction of the work in
small and detached jmrcels was a iiighly politic
measure ; for liy leaving it in his power to add
to it from time to lime, according as he wius fa-
vored with new revelations, he had it in his power
to remove or explain any errors or inconsisten-
cies, the detectioii of which might otherwise
have been fatal to his imposture. — TvTi, Kit's
lIiHT., Hook (i, ch. 1, 1). W.
-1741. RELIGION, Revolution in. Britain.
Henry VHI., the Caligula of Britain, in a tit of
anger against the Church of liome, changed the
religion of his kingdom. This was the greatest
act ')f ab.solute authority ever exercised by one
man over an entire nation. The caiirice of ii
king became the conscience of the peoi)le, and
teiiiponil authority subjugatc'd their souls. The
old Catholicism, repudiated by the sovereign,^
was abandoned to indiscriminate pillage anil
derision, with its dogmas, liii'rarcliy, clergy,
monks, monasteries, ecclesiastical pos-se-ssious,
territorial fiefs, hoarded riches, and temples of
worship. The l{oman Catholic faith became u
crime in the kingdom, and its name a scandal
and reproach to its followers. National apostasy
was as sudden and overwhelming as a cl") of
thunder; the ('atholic nation had disappeared
beneath the English nation. — fiAM.\KTiNE'8
Ckomwki.i., p. 7.
4742. RELIGION ridiculed. Enf/laiid [Early
reign of Queen Mary.] 'I'lie restoration of the
IIIM.IOION.
60.')
old worHliip wiiH f()||ii\v<Ml liy niitlircukH nf liulil
ili'tliiricc. A ritilor of St. 'Oilcs in tlir KirliU
himvcd u ilojj with llir pricMlly loiiN.inv A <al
wa-< t'niinil liii:i^riiiK in llic Clinip, " willi licr
liriiil -<li<irii, iind till' liltcncss of u vcstinciit niHt
<pvfr her, with 1m r Iuit fcil lied loj^cllicr and it
riiiiiid |)i<'('f III' paper like a Min^iii^ ciiki' IiiIwim'ii
tlictit." Yi ' innrc KallliiK ^^<'>'<' ">•' liallails wliicli
Wrri' (■licillati'd ill liKickriy nf the Illiis>«, llic
piiliiplllrls wliji'li ntllli- I'i'oiil till' ('.kill's (iviT Hi'il,
till M'llitiiMiH liniMiNidrs driipprd in tlir strrrls,
till' lull I'Iniii's in wliirli tlir inn.t HiicrnI ai'lH id'
till' (lid i'rlii;i<in were lliiiitrd wnli riliiild mock
•'IT - lliMi'. OK I'Inumhii I'i;(ii'i,I';, i; (iriM,
I7'i:i. RELIGION, Romance in. .Wurriai/i' <>/
J'lifii/iiiiiliiM. A riiiiiv;ini^ parly ol' ilic ('o|iiiiist.>i,
. , . Iiaviii;; Htolin (In- daiiL;liti'r of I'owliatan,
dcinandcd of Iiit I'iiIIht a I'an.soiii lolin
Uolfi', "an lioncst and discrci't" yoiiiij; I'Iii^IIhIi-
man, an ainialilc ciillinsia.st, . . ! dally, lioiirly,
and, a.t it were, in his very .sleep, lieaiil a voii-e
4'ryin!.' in liis ears that Ik^ .should Htrive to make
lier II ('liriHtiiin. . . . After ii >?real stnijr^le of
mind and lielievin^ prayer.s, . . . winning; H i>
favor of I'oeahoiiliis, he, desired her in mar-
iiiiK^'. ... Ill the little (hiireh of .Jamestown
. . . Opuchisco, her uncle, wave the bride iiway.
— ll.\N(ll()l''r'H iliHT. Ol'' r. S., vol. I, eh. l. '
■17 1 1. RELIGION, Ruled by. /hiriiix. |Ar
laxeiMs, his son. I lleinj; near his father's lied
when he was dyin^, he asked him, a few mo-
ments hefore he exjiircd, what had lu-enthe rule
<if Ills conduct durin;; so loii;.,anil happy a rei|;n
as his, that he mi^^lit make it his example. " It
has lieeii," replied he, " to do always what jiistici^
mid nliirjon reipiired of inc." — Uoi.i.in's IIiht.,
JSiM.k !t, (h. 1, i^ 1.
ir 15. RELIGION, Saorifii' 'i for. \\'i//i<un J'niii.
Was liorn on the lltli rn < dolier. KIM. lie
was the oldest .son of Vice-Admiral Sir William
I'eiin, of the Uritish navy. Vtthe a^'oof twelve
he wits sent to tlu^ University of O.xford, where
he distinguished himself as a Htudent until he
was t'xpelled (>'i account of his rcliirions o|)in-
ioiiH. Afterward he Iravelh^d on the Continent ;
wius ajfiiiii a student at .Saumer ; returned to
study law ;il London ; went to I'- land ; liecaiiu!
a soldi('r ; heard the preaciiinj; of Lc;-, and was
('onv(Tle(l (') the (Quaker faith. His disappoint-
ed father drove him out of doors, liut he was
not to he turned from his course. lie ])ul)licly
proclaimed tlu! doctrines of the Friends ; was
Hrrested and imprisoned for nine luonlhs in the
Tower of London. Being released, he repeated
the otTeiice, and lay for half a ytNir in a dungeon
jit Xewgale. A second time lilieratcd, hut de-
spairing of toleration for his people in i'lngland,
lie cast his ira/.e across tlie Atlantic. — Uidi'.vtii's
I . S., ch. 2."), p. 210.
i7Ui. RELIGION of Savages. Wixt TndutuK.
It was .soon discovered tliat these islanders had
their creed, though of a vague and simple nature.
They lielieved in one Sui)reme Being, inhabiting
the skj', who was immortal, omnipotent, anil
invisible ; to whom th(!y ascribed an origin, who
had a mother, but no father. Thev never ad-
dressed their worship directly to him, but em-
jiloyed inferior (Udties, called Zi'ines, as messen-
gers and mediators. . . . They believed their
Zcmes to be transferable, with all their powers,
und often stole them from eiicli other. When
the Spaniards came aniunK them they often hid
their Idols, lest they shoiilii be taken aw.iy. 'V\w.y
belli'V I that lliisc Zeines pn'sided over every
object in iiaiiire, each liaviii;; a pariii iilar charg*!
or government. They intlueiiced the seiison.H
and the eleinentH, causing sterile or abundant
years : exciting hurricanes and whirlwinds, and
tempests of rain and Ihiiiider, or sending sweot
and temperate breezes iind fruitful showerK. —
iitviNo'K Com MUCH, Book (I, ch. 10.
'17 IT. RELIGION, Seoulariied, liinii IV.
Henry had now fully iiiiide up his mind to the
important measure the "perilous leap," as hu
expressed it -wllich lie saw to be indispelisidily
necessary to the |ieaceable recognition of idn
rights. A conference look place, . . . and after
a deliberation of live iionrs the king declared
himself perfectly satislled of the truth of the
Ciitholie religion. Twodays later he pioieeded
to St. i )eiiis, w here he was met at the door of the
ehiirch by the .Vrehblshop of Bourges, with
seven other prelates, Kallingon his knees, Henry
solemnly aiijured his Calvinistic errors, and
made inofession of the Catholic, Koman, and
.\postolic faith, upon which the arelibisho|)
absolved him provisionally, and restored him
to the commiiiiioii of the ('hurch. — Si'idkntm'
Fit.VNri;, ch. IM, < (t.
miH. RELIGION, Si^nR of. .\r,i/i.,„„t. The
ceremonies of circumcision, ablution, and the
pilgrimiige to Mecca he n^coinmeiuled as (ex-
terior 1111(1 visible signs, by which Uod desired
tliat man should signify his belief of tlu! more
speculative teiK'ts of his religion.— Tyti.kub
IIiHT. , Book «l, ch. I, [). .')2.
47.|». RELIGION, Simple. S<;iii(Hii<in,iiiit. Tiio
religion of the aiieient Scandinavii'iis forms u
V(Ty curious olijeet id' impiiry, and isthemor(!
worthy of attention tliiK it was mo, intimately
connected with their manners. Three great
moral i>riiicipl('S were the foundation ..f tiieir
religion, and intlueiiced their whole 'induct.
Tlie.se were, " to serve the Siii;.-eme Being with
prayer and sacrifice ; to do no wrong or uiijuHt
actions ; and to ho valiant and intrepid in tight."
These Were the princi|)les of the ancient religion,
wllich, although aceomyianied by a most wild
and extravagant mythology, yet resting on thin
jiure and simple basis, had a wonderful effect
upon tli(! character and manners of tin; people.
— TvTM.:ii's Hist., Book .'), ch. (I, p. 2H,
4750. RELIGION, State. Cilon!/ of Virr/inia.
,\.i). Uif(2. The Knglish Kpi.scoi>al Cliurcii be-
came once more the religion of the State ; and
tliou.irh there were not ministers in above a fifth
])art of the parishes, so that the church wiw
scattered ... in the wilderness, yet the law.s
demanded strict conformity, and reipiired of
every one to contribute to the su])|iort of the Es-
tablished Church. . . . No Nonconforini.st might
teach, even in ])riviite, under pain of bi.rdshment;
no reader might expound the catechisni or the
Scri])tures. . . . Absence from church was for
them [the Quakers] an offence, punishable liy
a monthly tine of t20 sterling. — B.vncuokt 8
U. S., vol'. 2, ch. 14.
475 1 . RELIGION, A Statesman's. liUiiuirck.
" I can only In le for forgiveness in a contidence
upon the blood of Christ I As a statesman, I am
not sufficiently disinterested ; in my own mind,
604
UKMUIOX— UENOWN.
I ivm ratlic" rownnlly ; beciiUHc i; is not easy iil-
WuyM to ;^('l tliiit {'IcaniCHS on llic (iiicstioiis coin-
Mi-j; hd'orc me which grows upon liic soil of di-
vine con. hiciicc . . . Ainonit tiic iniilliliidc of
Kiniicrs wiio arc in iiccd of tlic mercy of Ood, I
liopc ihal His grace will ii.tt deprive me of the
stalT of hiiinl)le faitl'. in the midst of tiie dan-
gers and doid)ts of i-iy calling." W'c o'oscrve
also tl:at he had his children imili hapli/.ed and
contirincd, and that, if he is uiiahli' to attend
church, he usually has prayers read by some
young "I'rgyinan ut h()n'«^ — ('YCi.orlcniA ok
Hkki., p. ():il.
475*. RELiaiON, A suoceimful. Mahotiutan.
The rapid success which attcmU'd the propaga
lion of the reli;^i<)n of .Mahomet may he account-
<^^\ for from a few natural and simpler causes.
i'Ik tir.st df these was certainly that signal favor
which attended his arms, and, as we shall iniine-
ulat(!ly .see, those of liin succe.-isors. 'I'liemanial
.spirit, whc". inl'ained by the enthusiasm <»f re-
ligion, is irresistihlo ; tiiid while repeated victo-
ries pcu'.suaded many of a divine interposition in
favor of the I'rophet and his law, the terror of
Ids arms inclined others .sulanissively t(; receive
tliatreligicM which was propagated by the sword.
Neither was it .surprising that a religion which
adapted itself so entirely to the passions of men
should find a number of willing votaries among
the lu.'iurious natious of the East. — TYTLEit's
Hist., Book 0, ch. 1, p. 53.
4753. BELIOION, Sunpression of. Jews. As
soon as he | A'ltiochus' general) arrived in Jeru-
salem, he began by putting a stop to the sacri-
tices which were ollered up to the God of Israel,
and SI \)!)ressing all tlie observances of the Jew-
ish la\/. They i)olluted the temple in such ,'i
manner that it was no ijiiger tit for tlie service
of God ; profaned 'he Sabbatlis and other festi-
vals ; forbid the circumcision of children ; car-
ried off and burnt all the copies of the law
wherever they could find ♦hem ; abolished all
the ordinances of God in every part of the coun-
try, and put to death who(!ver was found to have
acted contrarv to the decree of the king. — Hoi.-
LiN's Hist., iJook 19, ch. 3, ^5 8.
4754. RELIGION, Thoughtless. SamuelJohn-
son. [IJoswKi.i;.] I told him that Goldsmith had
said to ine a few da3's before, " As I take my
shoes from the shoemaker, and m}^ coat from
the tailor, so I take my religion from the priest."
I regretted tiiis loose way of talking. Johnson :
"Sir, lu! knows nothing ; he lias made up his
mind about nothing." — Boswell's Jonxsox,
p. 204.
4755. RELIOION, Toleration in. SamuelJohn-
ton. Talking on the subject of toleration one
day when some friends were with him in his
study, he made his usual remark, that tiie State
has a right to regulate the religion of the people,
who are the children of the State. A clergyman
having readily acquiesced in this, Johnsoa, who
loved discussion, ob.served, " But, sir, you must
go round to other States tlian our own. You do
not know what a Brahmin lias to say for him-
self. In short, sir, I have got no farther than
this : every man has a right to utter what he
thii:ks truth, and every other man ':>as a right to
knock him down for it. Martyrdom is the test."
— Boswell's Johnson, p. 433.
I75<(. RELIGION, Vacillation in. Ih/iriff
Kiiiij Charhx II. .Many attributed this apathy to
conlcmiit for divine things, and many to the stii-
])or which often precedes death ; but thiTt; were
in the i>aliice a few iicr.soiis who knew belter.
Charles had never b.'cn a sincere member of the
Estai)lislic(l ('liun'h. His mind had long oscil-
lated betwc(Mi Hobbism and i>operv. When his
lieailli was good and his spirits high, lu? was a
scolicr. Ill his few serious moments ho was
a Hoiiian Catholic, — M.\iai:l.\y'h Eno., ch. 4,
p. 404.
4757. RELIGION, Value of. Tulhe State. The
Uomans knew and valued tiie advantages of re-
ligion, as it is connected with civil government.
They encouraged the public festivals wliich hu-
iiiaiii/.c the manners of the people. They man-
aged the arts of divination, as a convcnieut in-
struinent of policy ; and they respected, as the
tirmest bond of sot'icty, the useful persuasion,
that , either in this or in a future life, the crime of
perjury is most assuredly ]iunislied by the aveng-
ing gods. — Giuuon's Home, ch. 2, p. 37.
475S. REMEDY by Fire. Chinese. There is
no science more cultivated by the Chinese than
that of medicine, yet there is none in wliich their
knowledge is so contemptible. There is not a
j)liysician among them who knows anything of
the internal structure of the human body. They
determine the nature of all diseases by feeling
the pulse, and the most usual cure for any top-
ical affection is searing the parts afTected with a
liot iron. The fooiisl- ilief of an tlixir ritir is
predominant in Chi .nd is a great object of
the researches of the. i)hy.sicians. — Tytlki{'s
lIisT., BookO, ch. 24, p. 343.
4759. REMEDY, A strange. \VaiUng. In
Abyssinia ... a favorite regime for fever is to
surround the bed of the patient with old ladies
of strong lungs, who howl and wail for several
days together, lamenting the prospect of the
.suiierer's deatli, and at the least sign of torpor
the unhappy victim is instantly buried. — Ar-
pleton's Cyclopedia, " Abyssinia."
4760. REMORSE. Persecutor's. Charles IX.
Charles IX. on his death-bed suffered fearfully
from the agonies of remorse in looking back on
the atrocities which had disgraced his reign, and
which, if not their original autlior, he had at
least culpably sanctioned. His couch was fre-
quently bathed in blood, a natural consequence
of his disease ; and this was interpreted bj' many
into a .sort of judicial retribution on his crimes.
— Sti:i)ENTs' France, ch. 16. ^ 12.
4761. REMORSE, Royal. E(hrard IV. [The
last few] years of his life . . . were not years of
ca.se and jirosperity. The clironiclers say that
his ren.orsc for the death of Clarence was con-
stant and bitter [his brother, against whom he
appeared in person, urging on the false cl irge
of treason. He was found guilty and .sentenced
to be executed, but was found dead in prison,
supposed to be murdered by his connivance], and
that he was wont to cry out in rage, "O un
fortunate brother, for whose lit? no man in this
world once make request!" — Knight's Eng. ,
vol. 2, ch. 11, p. 175.
470ii. RENOWN for Honesty. Aristidca. The
greatest honor which the ancients have done to
Aristides is the having bestowed on him the glo
RENOWN-UKPENTANCE.
5G5
rUniH title of t/ic ,/iinl. IIl' jfiiiiicd it, not by one
I);irticiiliir occiirrciifc of liis life, l)ut by tiie
wliolu t'.'iior of 1 is coiKluct tiiid actions. — Uoi,-
lin'8 Hist., IJoolv 0, th. 2, % lb.
• r«:i. RENOWN of Infamy, h'rastnitiix. One
Kroslralus had set tire to liic temple [of Diana
at Kpliesii.s| on ]/urpose. IJeinj; i)ut to the tort-
ure, in order to force him to confess his motive
for eommittinij; so ii, famous an action, lie owned
that it was with the view of niaUinj? himself
known to posterity, and to immorlali/.e Ids uiiine,
by destroyinii so noble a structure. The stjites-
^eneral of Asia ima,<j:ined they should prevent
the success of his view hy publishing a decree
prohibiting tlie mention of his name. However,
their prohibition only excite<i a greater curiosi-
ty ; for scarce one of die historians of tiiat age
has omitted to mention so mo..strous an e.xti'av-
agance, and at the same time to tell us the n.ime
of tile erinuiial. — Koij.in's IHsr., IJook i'>, ^ 1.
trtil. RENOWN, Literary. Sninn,! .lnh„so,i.
|()n the death of Dr. Samuel .lolmson.l in ITSt,
it has been .said " it was not only the end of a
re'gn. but tlie end of kingship altogetlicr, in our
literary system. For King Sanuiel has had no
successor ; nobody since his day, and that of his
contenn)()rary Voltai.o, has .sat on a tlirone of
Literature either in England or France." — G. L.
c;it.viu, IN Knkiht's Eno., vol. 7, eh. 5, p. 8").
4765. RENOWN, Noble. Pn-irhs. He was
inf(!cted with the pestilence;. Heing extremely
ill, and ruidy to breathe his last, the jjrincijial
citizens, and siich of his friends as had not for-
saken him, discoursing together in his bed-
<:hand)er about his rare merit, they ran over his
e.\l)loils, and (U)mputed the number of his victo-
ries ; for wlule he was generalissimo of the Athe-
nians, he had ertcted for the glory of their city
nine tro])hies, in memory of as niiuiy battles
gained by him. They did not imagine that Per-
icles heard what they were .saying, because lie
seemed to liave lost his senses ; bi\t it wr.s far
otlierwi.se, for not a single word of their <lis-
coui'se had escaped him ; when, breaking sud-
denly from his silence, " I am surprised," .says
he, " thi;t you should treasure up so well in your
memories and extol so highly a series oi' ac-
tions in which fortune had so great a share, an(l
which are conunon to me witli .so many other
generals ; and at the same time should forget
the most glorious circumstance in my life —
I mean my never liiiving caused a single citizen
to put on mourning." — Book 7, eh. ;i, ^ 2.
4766. RENT, Refused. Anti-Kent Party. In
the latter part of Tyler's administration the
State of New York was the scene of a serious
social disturbance. Until the year ]S4(> the de-
scendaiitsof Van l{e!is.selaer,oneof theold Diitcli
)iatrooiis of N(nv Netherlands, had held a claim
on certain lands in the counties of Rensselaer,
Columbia, and Delaware. In litpiidation of this
claim they had continued to receive from the
farmers certain tritiing rents. At last the farm-
ers grew tired of the payment and rebelled.
From 1840 until 1844 the (juestion was frequently
di.scussed in the Xi'W York JjCgislature ; but no
stilisfactory settleir.ent was reached. In the lat-
ter year the anli-n-nt i)arty became so bold as to
coat with t!ir uihi feathers tho.se of their fellow-
tenants who made the payments. Oflicers were
sent to apprehend tiu! rioters, and them they
killed. Time and again the authorities of the
State v.cre invoked to (piell the disturbers, and
the (piestion in dispute has never been perma-
nently .settled.— lliDi'.vrii's U. 8., ch. .^G, p. 444.
4767. REPARATION for Disloyalty. Aiimti,-
vli.s. A.I). 1774. When it appeared that this
*)lTer to Imrii the tea did not wholly satisfy tin;
crowd, the owner of the brig . . . proposed to
thnotc! that also to th',; tlam«s. The olTer was
uccc|)led. The penitent importers and owner
went on board, and in the ])ri'.scncc of a large inul-
litude of gazers they tlu.'inscilves set tin; to the
packages of tea J'-'Ii^O ])ounds], all of which, to-
gether with the Peggy Stewart, her canvas, cord-
age, and every ai)i>nr1cnance, was consuiiKai.
[This brig brought tea from London, while the
colonies refused to import it and pay thetea-tax,
and the Continciilal Congress wasin session con-
sideriiiir the whole subjei 1. 1 — HANt'KoK'r's I'. H.,
vol. 7, Ch. 1-2.
476N. REPARTEE, Apt. Join, ]V>xl,i/. "Sir,"
said a bluslciing, li.u ,i\i-,i man, who attemi)te(i
to i)nsli agaiiivl .loliii WCsley and throw him
down— "sir, 1 never make way fora fool." " I
always do," replied Wesley, ste])i)iiig aside and
l)assing calmly on. — Sti:vkns' Mktiiodis.m,
vol. 2, p. 380.
4769. REPENTANCE, Attractive, ^f<n■tin
Luther. On one occasion, when they were con-
versing about re])entance, Slaupitzsaid, "There
is no true repentance other than that which Mows
from the love of God and His righteousness."
This word jx-netratcd Luther's soul as the sharp-
ened arrow of the warrior. He searched in the
Scriptures and found to his sweet joy that all
the words of tlic! Bible agreed with the above
statement ; so that, whereas formerly there was
no word in Scripture more bitter to him than re-
pentance, there was now no other word that was
sv, oeter and that sounded more agreeable." —
Hkin's LiTiiKu, ch. H, ]). ;i4.
4770. REPENTANCE, Ineffective. Cotnrrxioii
of Whitejiilil. [Tlu' celebrated Rev. George
Whitelieid .sought] puritication of soul by pray-
er, watchings, fastings, alms, and Chiislian labors
among the poor. He i)as.sed through a liery or-
deal, . . . sjjcnt whole days and weeks i)rostrate
on the ground in praj'cr, using only bread and
sage tea during the forty days of Li'iit, exeei)t
on Saturdays and Sundays. . . . He .selected the
coarsest food, wore patched raiment, uncleaned
shoes, and coarse gloves. He prayed till the
sweat ran down his face, under tlu; frees, far
into the winter nights . . . [But he did not escape
bis ascetic delusions, until] " by laying hold on
th(! cross by a living faith" "he received " an
abiding sense of the pardoning love of God, and
a full assurance of faith." -Stkvknh' M. E.
Ciirucii, vol. 1, p. 31.
4771. REPENTANCE, Public. John Under-
hi'!. .\.i). 1(5-10. Having the licentiousness . . .
of the soldiers of that age, he had been coin-
ix'lled, at Boston, in a great assembly, on lecture-
day, during the session of the gcaieral court,
dressi'd in theruthful habit of a penitent, to stand
u])on a platform, and with sighs and tears and
brokenness of heart to beseech the compussion
of the cougregatiou. — Bancuoft's U. S., vol. 2,
ch. 15.
6tiG
HKPKNTANr?:— HEPUOOF.
?l
m
HI
4772. EEPENTANCE, Sudden. SnmnilJohn-
fuin. Johnson : "Sir, we an; not to jiid/^c dc-
ttTiiiinatcly of llic state in wliicli a man leaves
tliis life. Me may in a moment liavere])enle(l ef-
fectually, and it is ))()ssil)le may liav been ae-
eei)tedof (rod. Then; is in ' Camden's Memains '
an ('ijitiiph upon a very wicked man wlio was
killed liy a fall from his horse, in which he is
stipposed ti) say,
' Between the stiri'up and the jfi-ound.
I mercy aski'd, I mercy found.'"
— BoswKi,i,'s Johnson, ]>. A\)').
477!!. EEPRESENTATIVE, Punished in. Kiii'i
of Kntjli :hI. 'IMie kiuii: • ■ • is above the reach of
all courts of law ; hut his tin'iiintfrH, his indis-
pen.sahle instruments, are answerable for all the
measures of irovernnienl. All misap])li(;ati()nH
of the i)ublic money, .nil ruinous and imi)roper
oxi)e(litions, idl abuses of jjower are charjj^eablo
to tlu'ir account; and the Commons, the ;^uar-
dians of the Consiiuilion, have a ri^fhl to impeach
them at the; bar of the House of Lords. A min-
ister impeached for misconchu t cannot pleud in
excuse th(^ commands of the .sovereign, nor will
it avail him, pleiidinij .^'llilty to the charge, to
produce the royal pardon, ile nuist suffer as
the author of those measures of ■■ ■•Inch he was
the instrument : a noble and most effectual anti-
dote against the evils of misgovernmcnt ! — Tyt-
LKii's Hist., Book 6, ch. 31, p. 4:57.
477 I. REPRIMAND, Fictitious, hi Fayctk.
[H(^ had comi)licate(l relations between France
and Fngland by joiinng the American patriots
on hi , return.] He was received in France with
gr(;at distinction, which he anuisingly describes :
" When I went to court, which had hitherto
only written for me orders for my arrest, I was
prescuited to the ministers. I was interrogated,
complimented, and exiled — to the hotel where
my wife was residing. Some days after, I wrote |
to the king to acknowledge i^y./Vn/Z^. I received i
in rci)ly a light reprimand and the colonelcy of i
the lloyal I)ragoons. Consulted by all the min- '
isters, and, what was much better, embraced b^' !
all the women, I had at Versailles the favor of [
the king, and celebrity at Paris." — Cyclopkdf.v
OF Bioo., p. 479.
4773. REPRIMAND of Kindness. Samuel
Johmnn. He nuich regretted that \m first tutor
was dead, for whom he seemed to retain the
greatest regard. He .said, " I once had been a
whole morning sliding in Christ-Church mead-
ows, and missed his lecture in logic. After
dinner he sent for me to his room. I expected
a sliarp rebuke for my idleness, and went with
a beating heart. When we were seated, he told
me he liad sent for me to drink a glass of wine
with him, and to tell me he was not angry with
me for missing his lecture. This was, in fact, a
most severe reprimand." — Boswei-l's Johnson,
p. 71.
4776. REPRISAL, An Honest. Cr neell. An
English merchantship was taken in >■ chops of
the Channel, carried into St. ]\IaIo, and there con-
tiscated [by the French] upon some groundless
pretence. [The master of the ship, an honest
Quaker, appealed to the Protector, who told his
council that he would take that affair upon him-
self. He examined the master, and then] he
asked him if he could go to Paris with a letter.
j The man answered he could. "Well, then,"
j says the Protector, " i)repare for your journey,
I and come to me to-morrow morning." Next
! morning he gave him a letter to Caniinal Maz-
arin, and told him he nuist stay but three days
for an answer. "The answer I mean," says he,
" is the full value of what y(ui nught have made
of your ship and cu-go ; and tell the Cardinal
that if it is not paid you in three days you have
express orders from me to return home." The
honest, blunt Quaker, we may suppo.se, followed
his instructions to a tittle ; but the (!ardinal, ac-
eon.ing to the maimer of ministers when they
are any way pressed, began to .shuffle ; therefore
the (Quaker returned, as he was bid. As soon as
the Prot,('tor saw him, hca.sked, " Well, friend,
have you gf)t your monc^y ?" And ui)on the
man's answering he had not, the Protector told
him, "Then leave your direction with my .secre-
tary, and you shall soon hear from me." Upon
this occasion that great man did not stay to nego-
tiate or to exi)lain, by long, tedious memorials,
the reasoiial)lenessof his demand. No ; though
then! Wiis a French minister residing here, he
did not so much as actpiaint him with the story,
but immediately .sent a man-of-war or two to the
Channel, wilh orders to seize every French ship
they could meet with. Accordingly, the}' re-
turned in a few days with two or three French
prizes, which the Protector ordered to be innn(!-
diately sold, and out of (he produce he jiaid the
Quaker what he demanded for his .slup and
cargo. Then he sent for the French IVlinister,
gave him an account of what had hapi)ened. and
told him there was a balance, which, if he
pleased, .shoidd be paid in to him , to the end that
he might deliver it to those of his countrymen
who were the owners of the Fri^nch ships that
had been so taken and sold. — Iloou's Cho.m-
WEi.L, eh. IG, p. 211.
4777. REPROACH, Escape from. JVapoleon I.
[During his l\gyptian campaign he with a party
of scientitic men visited Suez. The tide rose
twenty feet, and, coming suddenly, they were
greatly endangered for a time. ] ' ' Had I perished
in that manner, like Pharaoh," said Napoleon,
" it would hare furnished all the preachers in
Christendom with a magniticent text against
me." — Abuott's N.m'oi.kon B., vol. 1, ch. 13.
4778. REPROACH, Gentle. Anaxagoms.
[Being destitute he resolved to starve.] Pericles
conjured him, in the strongest and mo.-.t moving
terms, not to throw his life away ; adding, that
it was not Anaxagoras but himself that was to
be lamented, if he was so unfortunate as to lose
so wise and faithful a friend ; one who was so
capable of giving him wholesome counsels, in
the pressing emergencies of the State. Anaxa-
goras then, vmcovering a little his head, spoke
thus to him : " Pericles, tliose who need the
light of a lamp take care to feed it with oil. " Thi.s
was a gentle and at the same time a keen and
piercing reproach. — Rollin's Hist., Book 7,
ch. 3, § 2.
4779. REPROOy, Meekness in. Dr. Taylor.
[The martyr was burning at the stake.] One of
the executioners " cruelly cast a fagot at him,
which hit upon his head and brake his face that
the blood ran down his visage. Then said Dr.
Taylor, ' () friend, I have harm enough — what
needed that ?' " One more act of brutality
I
UEPIi(KJF— REPUTATION.
567
hrouj^lit liis sufTcriii^H to lui end. " So .stood ho
still without 'jithcr crying or moving, w 1th hi.s
Imnd.s folded together, till Hoyce witli ii hulhcrd
struck him on the heiid that the hrains fell out,
and the dead corp.se fell down into the lire." —
JIlST. OK J^NO. Feoplk, g 060.
4rSO. EEPBOOF, Undeserved. Dr. AriwhI.
Omv lit [juleimm, when teaching a rather dull
hoy, he .spoke rather Hhari)ly to him, when the
pupil looked u\) in his face and said, " Why do
you H|)eak angrily, sir ? iiidced I am doing tlui
best that I can." Years afterward he . . . said,
" I never felt so nnich in mv life — that look and
that speech I hav(! never I'orgotten." — Smii.kh'
HUIKK BlOORAlMIIKS, p. 70.
4781. BEPROOF, Undisturbed by. Wanhinu-
fan. A g(Mitleman once slept at iVIount Vernon
in the room . . . [nearby] lie overhearil, through
the thin partition, the voice of Mrs. Washington.
1I(^ could hut listen, and it was a curtain lectun;
which she was giving her lord . . . The great
man listened in silence till she had done, and
then, without a remark ujmju the subject in hand,
said : " Now, good sleep to you, my dear." —
CYC I-OI'KDIA ov Bioo., p. 10.
jriS. BEPUBLIC in Decay. Roman. Thus
bloodily ended the Civil War, which the Senate;
of Home had undertaken against Cfesar, to es-
cape the reforms which were threatened by his
second consulship. They had involuntarily
rendered their country the best .service which
ihey were capabh; of conferring 111)011 it, for the
attempts which Ciesar would have made to
amend a system too decayed to benefit by the
process had been rendered forever impossible by
their jiersistence. The free constitution of the
Kepublie had issued at last in elections which
were a mocker}^ of representation, in courts of
law which were an insult to justice, and in the
conversion of the Provinces of the Empire into
the feeding-grounds of a gluttonous aristocracy.
In the army alone the lionian character and the
Roman honor survived. — P^ikudk's C.^sau,
eh. 35.
'I7§3. BEPUBLIC Presaged. ,Mn Cabot. In
April the fleet left Bristol ; and on the morning
of the 24th of June, at a point about the middle
of the ea.stern coa.sl of Labrador, the gloomy
.shore was seen. This was the real discovery
of the American continent. Fourteen months
elapsed before Columbus reached the coast of
Guiana, and more than two years before Ojeda
and Vespucci came in sight of the mainland of
South America. Cabot explored the shore-line
of the country which he had discovered, for
sevend liundred miles. lie sujiposed that the
land was a part of the dominions of the Cham of
Tartary ; but linding no inhabitants, he wont
on shore, according to the terms of his commis-
sion, planted the flag of I']ngland, and took pos-
.session in the name of the English king. No man
forgets his native land ; by the side of the flag
of his adopted countiy Cabot .set up the banner
of the Rcpiildir, of Venice — auspicious emblem
of another flag that .should one day float from
sea to sea. — Rim'ATii's U. 8., ch. C,"p. 77.
4r§4. BEPUTATION, Blemished. Napoleon L
The principal charges brought against Napoleon
are the massacre of the [2000] prisoners at
Jaffa, and the poisoning of the sick in the hos-
jiital there, the execution of the Duke d'Eiighii 11,
the invasion of Spain, the divorce of Josephine
and the war with Russia. — AiiitoTTs Nato-
I.KON B., vol. 2, ch. 12.
47§5. BEPUTATION, Changeful, llohcrt
Burns. Burns thst came upon the world as a
prodigy ; and was, in that character, entertained
iiy it in the usual fashion, with loud, vague, tu-
multuous wonder, siieedily subsiding into cen-
sure and neglect ; till his early and most mourn-
ful death again awakened an enthusiasm for
him, which, especially as there was now noth-
ing to be done, and much to be sixiken, has
prolonged itself even to our own time. — C.vit-
i.yi.k's BtuNs, p. 14.
4rS«. BEPUTATION, A deceptive. Chat I, it
XI[. Old Dr. Franklin used to say that if a
man makes a sheep of him.sclf, the wolves will
eat him. Not less true is it, that if a man is
generally xnpjxmd to he a sheep, wolves will be
very likely to tri/ and eat hiin. Three kings,
neighbors and all'fs of Charles, hearing on all
hands that the young king was a fool, and know-
ing that he was only a bo}' in years, concluded
that it would be an excellent time to satisfy some
ancient grudges against Sweden, and to wrest a
few provinces from its territory. . . . .Sweden
was alarmed. Her old generals were dead, her
armies were unused to war, and the king was
thought to be a boy — self-willed and incapable.
[He proved one of the greatest generals of
Europe.] — (;v(1,()I'koia ok Bkx;., j). 43.5.
4rsr. BEPUTATION, Evil. Eiu/lnnd. There
was one province of our island in which, as Pro-
copius had been told, the ground was covered
with .serpents, and the air was such that no man
could inhale it and live. To this desolate region
thespirits of the deiiarted were ferried over from
the land of the Franks at midnight. A strange
race of flsliermen jierformed the ghastly oftice.
The speech of the dead was distinctly heard by
the boatmen ; their weight made the keel sink
deep in the water ; but their forms were invisi-
ble to mortal eye. Such were the marvels which
an able historian, the contemporary of Belisa-
rius, of Simplicius, and of Tribonian, gravely
related in the rich and polite Constantinojilo,
touching the country in which tlu; founder of
Constantinople had assumed the imperial purple.
— Macaulay's Eng., ch. 1, p. 5.
4788. BEPUTATION, False. Aridkh'fi. Cal-
lias, who was a near re'ation of Aristides, and
the most wealthy citizen in Athens, was cited to
appear before the judges. The accuser, laying
very little stress on the cause itself, reproached
him especially with permitting Aristides, and
his wife and children, to live in poverty, at a
time when he liim.self rolled in riches. Callias,
perceiving that these reproaches made a strong
impression on the judges, summoned Aristides
to der^lare before them whether he had not often
jtrossed him to accept of large sums of money,
and whether he liad not obstinately' refused to ac-
cept of his offer, giWng for answer that he had
more reason to boast of his povert\' than Callias
of his riches ; that many jjcr.soiis were to bo
found who made a good u.se of their wealth, but
that there were few wdio bore their poverty with
mai^naniinity and even with joy ; and that none
Inulcause to blush at their condition but such as
had retluced themselves to it by their idleness,
508
REPUTATION— REQUEST.
lliiir iiifcinpcranre, their pi'ofiision or dissolute
(Diidiic!. Arislidcs declMred iIimI liis Uiiisiiiiiii
UmI told nolliini;' liiil (lie Inilli : mihI iiddcd, that
ii man wliose rraiiic ol' mind is siicli as lo siip-
pfess every wisli lor siipcrlliiilies and wiio con-
lines tlie wants of lil'e nillnn the nariowest
limits, Ix'sides iis I'reeini; him from a Ihousand
imi)iirliiiiate cares, and leavini:; him so much
masler of his time as lo devote it entirely to Ihe
liulilic. it approximates him, in some measure
to the Deily, who is wholly void of cares or
wants. Tlicre was no man in the assemhly but,
at his leaving it, would have chosen to he Aris-
tides, Ihouf^h so ])oor, ratiier than Callias with
all his riches. — Uoi, I, INS Ilisr., Hook (5, g 17.
'irw». REPUTATION, Fictitious. Gnieml
C/iarlix L<r. a.d. ITTti. [An English advent-
urer who pretended to be an experienced .sol-
dier, II man of great audacity and nn abominablo
meddler. Congress made him the .second in
command of its arnues, Washington being the
first. New York had l)eeu evacuated.] The
army sighed for the conung of Lee, not know-
ing that he had advised lo give up the forts in
Charleston Harbor without liring a gun. [The
brave Moultrie dro^e away the immense British
force, in spit(! of Lee's interference and opposi-
tion, but Lee took the glory, and was promoted.]
A New York ollicer wrote : "He is hourly ex-
pected as if from heaven." . . . Yet Lee 'with
all his ill-concealed aspirations, had not one
talent of a commander. He coidd never see any-
thing in its whole, or devise a comprehensive
plan of action, but b}' the habit of his mind
woidd fasten upon .some detail and alway.s lind
fault.— B.VNtwjOKT's U. 8., vol. 1), eh. 10.
4790. REPUTATION, Field for. WaHldiifitmi.
Early in the .session [of the Colonial Congress]
John Adams made a powerful address, in the
course of which he sketched the condition and
wants of the country and of Ihe army. The ne-
cessity of appointing a conuiiauder-m-chief and
the qualities reciuisite in that higii ollicer were
dwelt upon ; and then the speaker concluded b\'
putting in nomination George Washington, of
Virginia. ^Vs soon as his name was mentioned,
Washingtoi; arose and withdrew from the hall.
For a moiuent he was overpowered with a sense
of the responsibility which was about to be i)ut
upon him, and to his friend Patrick Henry he
8aid, with tears in his eyes : " I fear that this
day will mark the download of my reputation."
On the 15th of Jun(; the nomination was unani-
mously conlinned by Congress ; and Ihe man
who hail saved the wreck of Braddock's army
was called to build a nation. — Ridpatii's U. S.,
ch. 88, p. :iUl.
4791. REPUTATION, Mixed. Alexander. It
must be confessed, that good and evil, virtues
and vices, were never more equally bliMided in
any prince. But tins is not all ; for Alexander
appears very difTerenI, according lo tlu! times or
circumstances in which we consider Inm, as
Livy has very justly observed. In the in(|uiry
he makes concerning the fate of Alexander's
arms. s\ipi)osing he had turned them toward
Italy, he discovers in him a kind of double Alex-
ander : the one wise, temi)erale, judicious, brave,
intrepid, but at the same time prudent and cir-
cumspect ; the other immersed in all the wan-
tonness of a haughty prosperity ; vain, proud,
arrogant, fiery ; softened by \()lu|itu(iusne.s.s,
abandoned lo inlcmp<'rance and excesses ; in a
word, resembling Darius rather than Alexander ;
and having mad(^ Ihe .Macedonians degenerate
into all Ihe vices of the I'ersians, by the new
turn of mind i.nd Ihe new manners he assumt'd
after his concpiesis, — Roi.i.i.n's Hiht., Book 15,
J- 1!).
479*2. REPUTATION preserved. Ahrahini, l.iu-
rain. In one respect I'residcnt Lincoln achieved
a woniU'rful success. He maintained, through
the terrible trials of his administration, a rej)U-
talioii, with Ihe great body of the peoi)le, for un-
sullied integrity of piu'pose and of conduct,
which even Washington did not surjja.ss, and
which no President siiice Washington hasetjual-
Ifd. — ItAV.Mo.Nu's Lincoln, ch. 21, \^. 710.
479!». REPUTATION for Probity. Citto. [It
is said of Cato the Younger,] his reputation came
to be so great that a certain orator, in a cau.se
where only f)ne witness was produced, said to
the judges, " Owv. man's evidence is not Hufli(;icnt
to go by, not even if it was Cato's." It grew, in-
deed, into a kind of proverb, when peoj)le were
speaking of strange and incredible things, to.say,
" 1 would not believe such a thing, thougli it
were allirmed by Cato." — Pj.L"r.\HCii'B Cato
THE Y'orNOKK.
4794. REPUTATION, Stained. William Pitt.
r^Vt the close of the war between England and
France, it was proposed in the treaty of jjeace]
that each nation slioidd retain its acfpusitions ;
but [Pitt] delayed the settlement of the ejiochs,
till the fleet of one hundred and fifteen vessels,
which had .sailed on the very day of his answer
lo the proposition of Choi.seid [the French min-
ister] eo\dd make the concpicst of Belle-lslc.
This is the great stain on the fame of William
Pitt. Every object of the war had been accom-
jdished ; but he insisted on its continuance for
the purjio.se of making more extended acquisi-
tions. — Ba.ncuokt's U. S., vol. 4, ch. 17.
4795. REPUTATION for Veracity. James II.
He was on the throne ; and his first act was to
declare that he would defend the Church, and
would strictly respect the rights of his people.
The estimate which all parties liad formed of
his character added weight to every word that
fell from him. . . . Satire itself had never rep-
resented him as a man likely to court jmblic fa-
vor by professing what lie did not feel, and by
promising what he had no intention of perform-
ing. On Ihe Sunday which followed his acces-
sion, his speech was quoted in many ])ulpits.
" We liav(! now for our church," cried one loyal
preacher, " Ihe word of a king, and of a king
who was never worse than Ids word." This
pointed sentence was fa.st circulated through
town and country, and was soon the watchword
of the whole Tory party. — Macaui.ay's Eng.,
ch. 4, p. 413.
4790. REQUEST, 'Waiting for a. Alexander.
We are first to acknowledge and admire, in Al-
exander, a happy disjiosilion, cultivated and im-
proved by an excellent education. He had a
great, noble, and generous soul. He deliglited ia
beneticence and liberality — qualities he had ac-
((uired in his infant years. A young lad, whose
biLsiness it was to gather up and throw the balls
when he played at tennis, to whom he had given
RESEMllLANCE-UESENTMENT.
609
e
s
notliinj;, tim^lit liim a ^^rxxl IcsMori on thiil sub-
ject. As ho uhvayH throw Ww hull lo the other
players, the kinj,^ with an aiij^ry air, cried t(»
him, " Am I, then, to have no hall V" " No, Sir,"
replied the. lad, "you do not ask n\e for it."
Tins witty and ready an.swer f;iive Lrreal .satislac-
tion lo the |)rince, wlio fell a laii^rhinj,', and after-
ward wa.svery liberal to him. — UoLl.iNS IIisT.,
Book IT), Si 1».
-ITftr. EESEMBLANCE, Startling. Chrid—
dinar. Stranj^e and startling? resend)lance l)e-
tween the fate of the founder of the kingdom of
thi.s world and of the Founder of the king(h)m
not of thi.s world, for which the first was a i)rep-
aration. Each was denounccid for making him-
self a king. Each watt maligned as the friend of
pid)licans and sinners ; each was betrayed by
those whom he had loved and cared for ; each
was put to death, and Ca'sar also was believed to
have risen again and ascended into heaven and
become a divine being. — Fuoiuk's C.ks.vk,
ch. 28.
4r9§. EESENTMENT, Cruel. Alrmnder.
Alexander, incensed at tlie opposition he had
met with [at Tyre], and the los.se.s his army bad
sustained, forgot hi.s usi il clemency. He or-
dered the city to be burnt to the groimd ; 80()0
of the inhabitants had been put io the sword, in
Uie final a.ssaidt and entry of the Macedonians,
of the prisoners taken with arms in their hands ;
2000 were crucified, and the re.st, to the amo»uit
of 30,000, sold as slaves. The conduct of Alex-
ander was yet more inhuman on the taking of
Gaza, which immediately followod the capture
and demolition of Tyre. — Tytleu's Hist., Book
2, ch. 4, p. 185.
4799. RESENTMENT, Infamous. R'ltedirt
Arnold. In Washington's opinion, there was
not in the army " a more active, more spirited,
and more .sen.sible otBccr" than Arnold, the old-
est brigadier ; but in the promotions he was
passed over, on the pretext tliat Connecticut had
already two major-generals. . . . The slight
rankled in Arnold's breast ; to Washington he
complained of the wound to his " nice feelings ;"
to Gates he wrote, " By heavens, I am a villain
if I seek not a brave revenge for my injured hon-
or." [He became an infamous traitor.] — B.kn-
ckokt's U. S., vol. 9, ch. 19.
4§00. EESENTMENT, Paasionate. Ma.rihun.
[This Roman emperor liad demanded of the vir-
luo>is and wealthy widow of the late Emperor
Galerius the immediate; gratification of liis pas-
sions by marriage.] On this repulse, the love of
Maximin was converted into fury ; and, as wit-
ne.x.sesand judges were always at his disposal, it
was ea.sy for liim to cover his fury with an ap-
pearance of legal proceedings, and to assault the
reputation as well as the happiness of Valeria.
Her estates were confiscated, her eunuchs and
domestics devoted to the most inhuman tor-
tures ; and several innocent and respectable ma-
trons, who were honored with her friendship,
sulfercd death, on a fal.sc accusation of adultery.
The empress herself, together with her moth-
<'r Prisca, was condemuetl to exile. — Gibbon's
Home, ch. 14, p. 488.
4§01 . RESENTMENT of Patriots. Lord aiat-
Itam. A.D. 1777. [In the House of Lords he
said], " If I were an American as I am an
Englishman, while a foreign troop was landed
in my country, I never W(jutd lay down my -
arms ; never, never, never." — B.vnckoft's U.8.,
vol. 9, ch. 2H.
4M0!*. RESENTMENT, Public. To Brituh Taj-,
iitioii. [When the news of the Stamj) Act ar-
rived at New York) it was not ea.sy to describe
the manner in which the peo|)le were alTected.
" I will wear nothing but hmnespun," exclaimed
one citi/cn ; " I will drink no wine," echoed
another, angry that wine must pay a new duty.
"I projiose," cried a third, "that we ilress in
sheepskins with the wool on." All expressed
their resentment in the strongest manner. — Ban-
ckokt's U. S., vol. 5, ch. 10.
4iO:t. RESENTMENT, Savage, (hrck Km-
peror Theodore lAmcttrin. The cruelty of the em-
jx'ror was exasperated by the i)angs of sickness,
the approach of a premature end, and the sus-
picion of poison and magic. Tlie lives and for-
tunes, the eyes and lind)s, of his kinsmen and
nobles, were sacrificed to each sally of pas-
sion ; and before he died, the son of Vatace.s
might deserve from the people, oi', at leitst, from
the court, the appellation of tyrant. A matron
of the family of the Palaologi had provoked his
anger by refusing to bestow her Iwautcous
daughter on the vile plebeian who was recom-
mended by his caprice. Without regard to her
birth or age, her body, as high as the neck, was
inclo.sed in a .sack with several cats, who Mere
pricked with pins to irritate their fury against
their unfortunate fellow-captive. -~Gn!BON'.s
Rome, ch. 62, p. 145.
4S04. RESENTMENT withheld. Ihhbern.
Anytus was very fond of Alcibiades, and hap-
pening to make an entertainment for some stran-
gers, he desired Alt'ibiades to give him liis com-
pany. Alcibiades would not accept of tiie invi-
tation, but having draiii; deep with some of his
acquaintance at his own house, he went thither
to play some frolic. The frolic was this : \Ui
stood at the door of the room where the guests
were entertained, and seeing a gieat number of
gold and silver cups ujion the table, he ordered
his servants to take half of them and carry them
to his own house ; and then, not vouchsafing .so
much as to enter into the room himself, as .soon
as he had done this he went away. The com-
pany resented the affront, and said he had be-
liaved very rudely and insolently to Anytus.
" Not at all," Siiid Anytus, " but rather kindly,
since he has left lis half, when he knew il was
in his power to take tlie whole." — ri-irrAiicn's
" Al.CIinADKS."
4«05. RESENTMENT of Wrongs. The THsh
Gentleinon. [Being des|)()ile(l of their lands th(!
old Milesian i)roprietor| seldom betook himself
to any peaceful calling. Trade, indeed, Iw.
thought a far more di.sgraceful resource tlian
marauding. Sometimes he turned freebooter.
Sometimes he contrived, in defiance of the law,
to live by coshering — Ihat is to .say, by quartering
himself on the olil tenants of his family, who,
wretched as was their own condition, could not
refuse a portion of their pittance to one whom
they .still regarded as their rightful lord. Tho
native gentleman who had beeii so fortunate as
to keep or to regain some of his land too often
lived like the petty prince of a savage tribe, and
indemnified himself for the humiliations which
670
REHERVE— RESOLUTION.
ihc dominant rnro innde him HiilTcr by gov-;rn-
ing Jiis viisHiils (IcspoticaDy, Ity Jtccping ii rude
liarcm, and by macldcninj; orslvipcfying hlnisi-lf
daily wiili strony (iriiik. Politically he wiw iii-
signifi( il. No statute, indeed, excluded hiiu
Irom the House of C'oinmoiis ; but he had al-
most as little chance of obtaining a seat then; as
a man of color has of being (ihosen a senator of
the United States. In fact, only one Pai)ist had
been returned to tlu; Irish Parliamcsnt since the
Restoration. — M.vcai'i.ay's Eno., ch. 0, p. 130.
4§06. BESEBVE, Social. Samuel Johnson.
Though a stern, tntc-born h'nijlMmnn, and fully
prejudiced against all other nations, he had
discernment enough to .see, and candor enough
To censure, the cohl reserve too common among
Englishmen toward strangtTs : "Sir (.said he),
two men of any other nation who are shown
into a room together, at a house where they are
both visitors, will inimediately tind some con-
versation. But two l^nglishmen will probably
go each to adilTerent window, and remain in ob-
stinate silence. Sir, we as yet do not enough
understand tlie common rights of humanity." —
Hoswell's Johnson, p. 481).
4§07. BESIDENCE, Intolerable. lieiffn of
Charles If. If the most fashionable parts of
the capital could be placed before us, such as
they then were, we should be disgusted with
liieir squalid appearance, and poisoned by their
noisome atmosphere. In Covent Garden a filthy
and noisy market was held clo.se to the dwell-
ings of the great. Fruit-women screamed, cart-
»;rs fought, cabbage-stalks and rotten apples
accumulated in heaps at the thresholds of the
('ouutess of Berkshire and of the Bi.shop of
Durham. — Macwulay's Eno., ch. 3, p. 333.
4§0§. BESIONATION, Coercion by. Napo-
leon I. [The Directory at Paris were alarmed
when they learned that in one month Napoleon
Jiad become the most famous man In Europe.]
They determined to check his career. Keller-
man . . . they consequently appointed his asso-
• iate in command. . . , Napoleon promptly but
respectfully tendered his resignation, saying,
' ' One bad genera) is better than two good ones ;
war, like government, is mainly decided by tact."
This deci.sion brought the Directory immediate-
ly to terms. — Abbott's Napoleon Ii., vol. 1,
ch. 5.
4§0». BE8IGNATI0N, Easy. Ahrahani Lln-
coln. Being informed of the death of [the (Jon-
federate] John Morgan, he said, " Well, I
wouldn't crow over anj'body's death ; but I can
take this as resignedlif as any dispensation of
Providence." — Raymond's Lincoln, p. 750.
4S10. BESIONATION, Serene. Oriental. Al)-
bassa, the sister of the Caliph of Bagdad, first
lost her Imsband, then was driven from her pal-
ace to live in extreme destitution. Her reply to
an inquirer into her distress is a celebrated ex-
ample of serene fortitude among Oriental mor-
alists : " Once I owned a palace and .slaves,
now I have b>it two sheepskins to cover mc.
Heaven must have .seen cause to afflict me; I
1)0W to its dispensations and am content." —
ArPLETON's Cyclopedia, " Abbassa."
4§11. BESIONATION, Strength for. Be-
reatement. At the siege of Barcelona in fiOS,
Captain Carleton witnessed the following affect-
ing fact, which lie tells us in his memoirs : " I
.saw an old offlcer, having Ids oidy son with
him, a fine young nuvn about twenty years of age,
going into their tent to dine. While they wero
at diiuier, a shot took olT the head of the son.
The father inunedialely rose up, and first look-
ing down ujM)!! his heatlless child, and then lift-
ing up his eyes to Heaven, while the tears ran
down his cheeks, only said, 'Thy will be
done.'"
4MI3. BESISTANCE, Popular. Janm IL IIo
forced a Roman Catholic president uijon a Protes-
tant college. [See more at Timothy llall. No. ii.l
The Bi.shop of Oxford was cpiietly iiistalleil
by proxy, but only two niembers of Magdalene
C()lleg(! attended "the ceremony. Many signs
showed that the spirit of resistance had spread
to the common people. The jwrter of tlie col-
lege threw down his keys. Tlie butler refu.sed
to .scratch Hough's name out of the liuttery
book, and was instjintly dismissed. No black-
smith could be found in the whole city who
would force the lock of the president's lodgings.
It was necessary for the commissioners to em-
ploy their own servants, who broke open the
dodr with iron bars.— Macaulay's Eno., ch. 8,
p. 277.
4§13. . Boatonians. a.i>. 170.">. The
daybreak of Wednesday, the 14th of August,
saw the effigy of Oliver [the king's stamp ottl-
(;er] tricked out with emblems of Bute and
[George] Grenville [late king's ministers] swing-
ing on the bough of a stately elm, the pride of
the neighborhood, known as the Great Tree, . , .
near the entrance of tlie town. The pageant
had been secretly prepared by Boston mechan-
ics . . . after dark . . . images borne on a bier . . .
they passed down the main street, marched di-
rectly through the old State House, shouting, . . .
"Liberty, Property, no Stamps." They. ..
made a funeral pyre for his elflgy in front of
his own house. [Oliver resigned his office.] —
Banckoft's U. S., vol. 5, ch. 16.
4il4. BESISTANCE, Provoked. Legislation.
In the A.ssembly which introduced the resolu-
tion the ecclesiastical tithes, which, ... in the
first instance, had been declared redeemable,
were abolished, a few days later, without com-
pensation. . . . Against this act of spoliation
the Abbe Sieyes protested in a vehement and
well-reasoned speech, and the debate was pro-
tracted to some length ; but tlie measure was
eventually carried by an immense majority.
" You have unloosed the bull, M. I'Abbe," ob-
served ^lirabeau to Sieves, " and you must not
be .surprised if he makes use of his horns." —
Stidexts' France, ch. 20, ^ 3.
4SI5. BESISTANCE, Wisdom in. Massachu-
setts Patriots, a. D. 1774. Every where the rural
poijulatioii . . . were anxiously weighing the i.s-
suesin which they Avere involved. One spirit
moved through them all. From the hills of Berk-
shire to the Penobscot they debated the great
question of resistance, as though God were heark-
ening ; and they took counsel reverently with
their ministers, and the aged, and the pious, and
the brave in their villages. — Banckoft's U. S.,
vol. 7, ch. 8.
4§16. BESOLUTION, Success by. Patriots.
[AVhen Dr. Franklin was exaiuined by a Com-
KESPECT— UKSPONWIBIUTY.
571
>nitU!0 of the wlioU; House of Piirlinmcnt respect-
ing the disposition of the. Aiiieriean cohmies,
liesiiid, AmerieimsJ could do without dotli from
Knghmd. " I am of opiuion, tiiitt hefor(> their
old clothes are worn out they will havi; new
ones of their own making. " Hut, " can I hey pos-
sihly tind wool enough in North America V" he
was asked. The answer showed the mettle of
th(( people that he represented: "They have
taken steps to increase the wool. They entered
into general combination to eat no more lamh,
and very few lamhs were kilh'd last year. This
course persisted in will make a prodigious differ
ence in the ((uantity of wool. The estahlish-
ment of great maiuifactories is not necessary ;
the people will all sj)!?! and work for themselves
in their own houses." — Knkiht's Kxo., vol. II,
ch. 18.
4M17. RESPECT, Beneficial. Sinnml John-
Hon. To a lady who endeavored to vindicate her-
self from blainc! for neglecting social attention
to the worthy neighbors, by saying, " 1 would go
lo them if it would do tliem any goo<l," he said,
"What g<M)d, madam, do you e.xpect to have;
in your power to do them ? It is showing I hem
respect, and that is doing them good." — Bos-
avell's Johnson, p. i:(;J.
4S18. RESPONSIBILITY accepted. JiiMfiop
SiUicroft. [After the revolutionary (Jovernmenl
by regency had been proposed] his absence
[from the House of Lords] drew on him many
• ontumelious censures ; nor have even Ins eulo-
gists been able to find any explanation of it
which raises his character. The plan of regen-
cy was his own. lie had, a few days before, in
a paper written with ins own liand, pronounced
that plan to ha clearly the best tliat could be
adopted. The deliberations of the Lords who
supported that i)lan had been carried on under
Ins roof. His situation made it his clear duty to
declare publicly what he thought. Nobody can
suspect him of personal cowardice or of vvdgar
cupidity. It -vas probal)ly from a nervous fear
of doing wrong that, at this great conjuncture,
lie did nothing ; b\it he should have known thai,
situated as he was, to do nothing was to do
wrong. A man who is too scrupulous to take
on himself a grave resptmsibility at an impor-
tant crisis ought to be too scrupulous to accept
the place of first minister of the Church and first
jieer of the realm. — M.vcaui.ay's Exo., ch. 10,
p. 583.
4819. RESPONSIBILITY assumed. Sbttcs-
mamhip. On the 30th of April [180;5J the treaty
ceding Louisiana to the United States was for-
mally concluded [by Napoleon Bonaparte].
Mr. Monroe and Mr. [Chancellor] Livingston
had no authority to negotiate for so vast an ex-
tent of territory ; but the former was fully j)os-
sessed of Presi(fent Jefferson's views, and felt as-
sured that his instructions would have been am-
;)le if the condition of France had Ix.'cn foreseen
when he sailed from America. Communication
with Washington was impossible. Under the
most favorable circumstances, an answer could
!iot be expected in less than three months. By
that time the British ships would probably hold
the mouths of the Mississippi, and the flag of
St. George be waving over New Orleans. Mon-
roe and Livingston both realized that hesitation
would be fatal ; and they boldly took the respon-
sibility of pur(!hasing a territory of \niknown but
prodigious «xlent, and of pledging the <iedit of
the (Joverinnent for a sum which, rated by the
ability lo pay, was larger than a .similar pledgci
to-day for flv(^ hinidred millions of dollars. . . .
The total (ost of f ')uisiana was, ... in round
mnnbers, lj!ir),0(M),0(K). [See more at No. 'J»2».]
— Bl,.\INKrt TWKNTY YkaKS OK Co.NdUKSS,
vol. 1, p. 7.
4NilO. RESPONSIBILITY, Awed by. ('n„U.
niiitid ('onijirnit, July 1, 1770. The order of the
day cam(! iicxt.and (Jongress resolved it.self " into
a connnitteeof the whoU; to take into considera-
tion \\\v resolution resiiecting independence."
For a lew moments perfect silence jjrevailed ;
everyone fell the responsibility of acting finally
on tile most important (pieslion ever agitated
in th(! aH.seinl)lv. — Ba.nciiokt's U. S., vol. 8,
ch. m.
4»«l. RESPONSIBILITY evaded. John Wild-
iiKiii. His hatred of monarchy had induced him
to engage in a long .series of conspiracies, first
against lh(^ Protector, and then against the
Stuarts. But with Wihlman's fanaticism was
joined a tender can; for his own sjifety. He had
a wonderful skill in grazing the edge of trea.son.
No man understood better how to instigate others
to desperate enterprises by words which, when
repeated to a jury, might seem imioccnt, or, at
worst, ambiguous. Such was Ins cvuniing, that,
though always plotting, though always known
to be plotting, and though long malignantly
watched by a vindictive government, he eluded
every (hmger, and died in his bed, after having
.seen two generations of his accomplices die ou
the gallows. — Macai'lay's Enu., eh. 5, p. 487.
4§3!2. RESPONSIBILITY, Impressed by. Ptri-
cIi:h. Whenever he was to appear in the assem-
bly, before he came out of his house he used to
.say to himself, " Remember, Pericles, that thou
art going to si)eak to men born in the arms of
liberty; to Greeks, to Athenians." — Uoi.lin'8
Hist., Book 7, ch. 7, i^ 7.
4823. RESPONSIBILITY, Individual. Fred,
crick the Grciit. [With base perfidy he captured
Silesia in a time of general i)eace. J The .selfi.sh
rapacity of the King of Prussia gave the signal
to his neighbors. His example quieted their sense
of shame. His success led them to underrate
the difficulty of dismembering the Austrian mon-
archy. The whole world sprang to arms. On
the head of Frederick is all the blood which was
shed in a war which raged during many years
and in every quarter of the globe — the blood of
the colunni of Fontenoy, the blood of the brave
mountaineers who were slaughtered at Cullo
den. The evils produced by this wickedness
were felt in lands where the name of Prussia,
was unknown ; and, in order that he might rob
a neighbor whom he had promised to defend,
black men fought on the coast of Coronmndel,
and red men scalped each other by the great
lakes of North America.— ]\Iacali*ays Fked-
ERiCK THE Great, p. 32.
4824. RESPONSIBILITY by Indulgence. Wil-
liam Prince of Orange. The French invasion
produced a complete change. The suffering
and terrified people raged fiercely against the
government. In their madness they attacked
the bravest captains and the ablest statesmen of
672
HKsi'oNsiim.iTv— FJKsrr/rs.
tlui (listrcssnl ( '(iniinoMwcaltli. ])>• Hnylfr was
iiisiillcd liy tlic ral)lili-. Dc Will was lorn iti
|iicci's iM'Tiirc I he jfultHd' the palaciMit' I lie Stairs-
iiciicral at llic lla^'iH-. The I'lincc of (Maiiifc,
who hail no slian^ in thi; i^iiill of liii! nini'dcr,
hill wiio, on liiis occasion, as oil aiiDliicr laiiicnt
uhlo occasion Iwciilv years lalcr, cxlcndcd to
crimes pcrpclratcd in his causi- an indnljrciicc
which has Icl'i a slain on ids ;i:lory, hccanic cliicf
of liic (Jovcrnincnl wiilioiil a rival. — .Ma( At-
LAV'rt IvNii., ell.
p. 2(M.
amiinsl I lie other
ot arhilration t<>
'IM'i.^. RESPONSIBILITY, Knowledge gives.
Al'ifxiiiiii CliiiniH. The claim of IIk; I'liiled Stales
nifaiiist the Uritisli (}overiiniem for damaj^fcs
done to American commerce liy Confederali^
<Tniseis dnriii'^ the Civil War still remained iin
settled. 'I'liese cruisers had lieeii built and
eoiiipped in Knudish ports, and with the knowU
e((n<' of the EiiLTlisli (iovernmeiit. Such a pro-
<:eedin^ was in plain violation of the law of na-
tions, even if the independence of the t'onfeder-
Hti! States had hei'ii recognized. 'rinu! and
H>?aiii Mr. Seward remoiislraled with IhelJritish
HUthorities, hut without ctfect. After tho war
Oreat liritain liecame alai'ined at her own con-
duet, and ^^rew anxious for a settlement of tin;
ditllcully. On the 27tli of Feliruary, IHTl, ii
joint hii;li commission, composed of live liritish
and five Amei'ican statesmen, assemhied at
Washiiintoii (ily. From the fact that the cruis-
er Alabama had done most of the injury com-
l)laincd of, the claims of the L'nileil Siatc's wen;
called Till', Ai.aisama Ci.ai.ms. After much dis-
cussion, the commissioners framed a treaty,
known as the Treaty of Washimrton, by which
it was a,u;ive(l that all claims of either nation
loiild be submitted to aboard
ic ap[)oinled by friendly na-
tions. Such Ik court was formed, and intlie .sum-
mer of 1872 convened at (fCneva, Swit/.(;rlaiid.
The caus(' of the two nations was impartially
heard, and on the 14th of September decided in
favor of the United States ; Great Britain was
obliged, for the wroiiirs tlut she had done, to
jpay into the Federal treasury ^irj.rjOO.UOO. —
UiDPATii's U. S., ch. G7, p. r).")(5.
4§a6. RESPONSIBILITY, Official. h'wpcror
Jitliitn. The Ciusar had rejected, with alihor-
rence, a mandate for tin; levy of an extraordi-
nary ta.\ ; a new superiiidiction, which the j)ra'-
feet had otfercd for his signature ; and the faith-
ful picture of the i)iil)iic misery, by which he
had been obliged to justify his refusal, olTended
the court of Constaiitiiis. . . . After stating his
own conduct, ho proceeds in the following
terms : " Was it possible for the disciple of
Plato and Aristptle to act otherwise than I have
done ? Could I abandon tin; uidiai)i)y subjects
intrusted to my care V Was I not called upon
to defend them from tin; repeated injuries of
these unfeeling robbers ? A iribune who deserts
bis post is punished with death, and deprived of
the honors of burial. W'ith what justice could
I pronounce his sentence, if, in the hour of dan-
ger, 1 m^'-self neglected a duty far more .sacred
und fur more important ? God has placed me in
this elevated post, His providence will guard
and supi-ort me. Should I be condemned to
Hutrer, I shall derive comfort from th'i testimony
of 11 pure and ujjright con.science. "Would to
Heaven that I still possesstnl a coun.sellor like
Sallust ! If they think proper to send me ii suc-
cessor, I shall submit without reliicliince ; and
had much rather improve the short opportunity
of doing good than enjoy a long and lasting
impunity of evil."— GiiuIon's Ito.Mfc;, cii. lU,
p. 'l\:t.
IN'jr. RESPONSIBILITY of Power. Af/aiiiHt
S/iinri/. The slavery agitation was ii iitwmti/
of the Northern theory of government. Duty i.i
the correlative of power ; and if tiie Oovern-
ment at W ashington, in Yankee estimation, was li
consolidated organi/ation, with power to pro-
mote the general welfare by any means it iniglit
deem (XDedient, it was proper that it HJiould
overthrow the hated institution of sjaviiry at the
South. 'I'he central (lovcrnment was responsi-
ble for its continiianci^ or existence, in propor-
tion to its power over it. I'nder thcsi- circum-
stances, the duty of acting on the subject of
slavery \vas imperious, and amounted to amoral
necessitV. — I'OM.AUDH SKCONI) YlOAIt OK TIIK
Waii, c'Ii. 1;1, p. 2»4.
4M2M. RESTITUTION, Conioientioui. ('rom-
in/f. Notice, also, that when he was at Cam-
bridge he won some money at gambling : £20,
t")(), L'llMI. All these sums now were returned
as moneys upon no principle his own. — IIoou'h
Ciio.Mwi;i,i., ch. 2, p. 47.
4>*«ff. RESTRAINT, Difficult, /.iitfin: [Ho
was denounced as worthy of excommunication.)
Concerning himself liUther .says: "I cannot
deny that 1 am more violent than I ought to be ;
they know that, and for that very reason ought
not to have excited the dog ! How liard it is to
lemi)er the heal and restrain the pen, thou know-
est from ])ersonal experience. This is the reason
why I iiave always been unwilling jjublicly to
jiroclaim my cau.se. And the more I am disposed
not to do so, the more I am compelled against
my will ; and this liai)pens liecause of the severest;
accusations which are heaped ujwn God's Word
and myself. And so shameful has this been, that
even if my pen and my imiieluosity had not car-
ried me away, a heart of sioiu! would have been
moved to lake up arms ; how much the more I
that am imix'tuous by nature,
a very dull pen !" — Uici.n's
p. (W.
'IM30. RESULTS, Decisive.
[When iS'elson found, after a long search, tin;
French tieet at Alexandria, lie i)repared for bat-
tie, and I exclaimed that before ! he morrow his
fate would be a peerage or Westminster Abbey.
— Knuuit's Kno., voi. 7, ch. 20, p. ;}r)5.
4i:tl. RESULTS, Far-reaching. KationaUty.
Captain Argall was sent with an armed ves.sel to
the coast of Maine. The avowed object of the
voyage was to iiroteet the English tishermen who
fre(iuented the waters between the Bay of Fundy
and Cape Cod, but the real purpose was to de-
stroy the colonies of France, if any .should bo
found within the limit.s of the territory claimed
by England [which he did]. . . . On his way
back to Virginia he made a descent on the Dutch
traders of JManhattan Island, destroyed many of
their huts, and compelled the settlers to acknowl-
edge the sovereignty of England. The result of
these outrageous proceedings was to confine tho
French settlements in America to the banks of
the St. Lawrence, and to leave a clear coast for
and pos.sess nf)t
lilTlIKH, ch. 7,
Adui.iriil Nclsoit.
.-.^■
•^
UESrURKCTION-UKTHACTIOX.
yn
tlir KiiKlixl' lliijifriini Novii Scdtin lo Florida.—
UiDi'ATns i:. S., I'll. U, p. Km.
JNilil. BESUBRECTION hinted. //// .t//.'///>^. .
fCiillicriitidu.-* wa.sdcfriilcil hy llir AlliciiiiiiiH niiir
Ar^ituiN)!!. I When it wiih j^mtwii at Atlinis that
till! d(<a(i I todies iiad iH'i't) Icl't witlioiit iiitcriiicnt,
Ui(> people were iii^ldy eiirai^ed, and caiiHcd the ^
wlioh; \vei;;||t, of tlieir reseiidiieiit lo tall upon
llios(! whom they deemed ^;iiilly "f that crime.
The aiieieniM held it a ^reat otu- not lo jtrovide ',
Hcpidtiireforlhedead; and wo may oliserve, llial,
afler all their l)atlles, the first care of the con-
(piered, nolwitiistandin<; the sen.se of tiieir mis-
fortune and tiieir ^'real allli<:lion for a liloody de-
feat, was to demand a snspension of arms i'rom
the victor, it) order to pay the last duties to tlio.st;
wlio hikd fallen in hatlle, upon which :liey l)e-
lieved their hapi)iness in another life de|M'ndcd.
They liH(i lilthi or no idea of tli*; resurrection of t ht^
l)ody; hut, howcsver, th(! l*a;;ans, by ;lu> soul's
concrern for the body after tieath lie relij^ious
rej;ar(! paid to it, and the zeal wiin which tliey
reiKiered solemn honors (othe dead, showed that
they had some confused notion of a resurrection,
wliK^li subsisted amoni^ )d| nations, and descend-
ed froTi tlu! most ancient tradition, Ihouph they
could not clearly dislingidsh it. [The victorious
jrenerals were sentenced to death for this neglect.]
Kolmn's Hist., liook 8. ch. 2, ^ 5.
48a!l. EETALIATION, Popular. 1 1 rg i ii i n
ColoninUi. [The Stamp Act wius passed.] Soon
they re.solvcd that the act should recoil on En^-
laiul, and began to hv. ])roud of frugality ; arti-
cles of luxury of Hrilish maiuifacture were ban-
ished, and tiireadhari! coats were most in ftush-
iou. — Banckokt's U. 8., vol. 0, ch. lii.
4§3't. KETIREHENT, Beligious. Winiom
Cow/wr. Mrs. I'nwin's influence produced the
Moral Satires. ' ' The Task " was born of a more
potent inspiration. One day Mrs. Jones, the wife
of a neighboring clergyman, came into Ulncy to
shop, and with lier came her sister, Ladv Austen,
the widow of a baronet, a woman of the world,
who had lived much in France, gay. sparkling
and vivacious, but, nt the siuue time, full of feel-
ing even to overflowing. The ajipiU'ition acted
lik(^ inairicon the recluse. He desired .Mrs. Unwin
to ask the two ladits to stay to tea ; then shrank
from joining the party which he had himself in-
vited ; ended by joining it, aixl, his shyness giv-
ing way with a rush, engaged in anin\ated con-
versation with Lad}' Austen, and walked with her
l)art of the way home. On her an ccjually great
effect appears to have been j)roduced. A warm
friendship at once sprang up, and before long
Lady Au.sfen had verses addres.sed to her as Sister
Annie. Her ladyship, on her part, waa smitten
■with a great love of retirement. . . . That a
■woman of fashion, accustomed to French salons,
should choose such an abode, with a pair of Puri-
tans for her only .society, seems to show that one
of the Puritans, at least, must have pos.sessed
great powers of attraction. — S.Mcni's Cowpku,
ch. 5.
4§35. BETOBT, A cruihing. Samuel John-
ton. However unfavorable to Scotland, he uni-
formly gave liberal praise to George Buchanan
as a writer. In a conversation concerning the
literary merits of the two countries, in which
Buchanan was introduced, a Scotchman, imagin-
ing that on this ground he should have an lui-
doubted triumph over him, exelaitiied, " .Mi, Dr.
.lohnsoii, what would you have said of Huchiin-
an had he been an Knglishmitn '.' " " Why, Sir
(said .lolmson, after a little pause), I shoultl nut,
have said of ISuelianan, had he been an Hnijluili-
mini, « hat I will now say of him as w St-olrh'
iiKiii — that he was the onlv man of genius him
country ever itroduced."— fiosw i;i,i,'h .Ioii.nmon,
p. -IHT.
-I»:i«. BETOBT, A •arcaitic. Ilirluiyd [. lUch
ard . . . of Knglaiid was satiated with tlu! glory
and misfortunes of his first adventure; and he
presumed to deridcf tlu- exhortations of Fulk of
S'eiully, who was not abashed in the presence of
kings. " You advise nu'," .S4iid I'laiitagenet, " to
dismiss my three daughters, jtridc?, avarice, and
incontinence : 1 be(|ueatli them to the most *le-
.serving ; my pride to the knights fen plars, my
jivarice to the monks of ("isteaux, and my in-
continence to the prelates. "—(JiiuioNS lio.Mic,
ch. «(), p. m.
4N37. BETALIATION declined. Ih,j,n,t. |He
was the great Ottoman general. ) No sooner was
Tiniour informed that the captive Ottoman was
at the door of his lent, than he graciously stei)ped
forward to Receive him, seateil him by his side,
and mingled with just reproaches a .v()otliingpity
for his rank and misfortune. " Alas !" said th«
emperor, " the decree of fate is now accomplished
l)y your own fault ; it is tlie web which you have
woven, th(! thorns of the tree which yourself have
]ilanted. I wished to spare, and even to assist,
the (champion of the Moslems ; you bravcul our
threats ; you despised our friendship ; you forced
us to enter yoiu' kingdom with our invincible
armies. Behold the event. Had you vantfuished,
I am not ignorant of the fate which vou reserved
for myself and my troops. But I disdain to re-
taliate ; your life and honor are secure ; and I
:.hall cxi)ress my gratitude tf) God by my clem-
ency to man." — Gihhon'h Uo.mi;, ch. 05, p. 207.
4S3S. BETBACTION refused. Al,:rini(lfr II.
RfjilifM. [Judge Gone of Georgia attacked Ste-
jihenswith a dirk-knife because of threats sup-
posed to have been made by the latter, who was a
small man and a semi-invalid.] Stephens, half
fainting, fell upon his back. The giant Cone was
at his throat in a moment ; his bead, by a grip of
iron, wa ■■ held against the crui'l floor ; the keen
and blood-dripping knife was iicld aloft before
him ready for the la.st fatal thrust, but .still the
l)oor, pale face of the little hero was s<!t and defi-
ant — his black eyes .still flashed imdaunfcdly.
" Refract, or I'll cut j'ourcursed throat !" his.sed
Cone. " ("ut ! I'll never retract !' gasped the
almost lifelcas Stei)hcns. Lik(i a tla-'Ji the knife
came down. With an almost superhuman elfort
the prostrate man caught it in his right hand.
Clean through the muscles, tendons, and bones of
the hand it cut, then stuck fast and reached no
vital part. With desperate strength Cone tried to
wrench it free. With a grasp almost of death
the horribly mangled and mutilated hand still
held it fa.st. In the struggle Stephens was once
more dragged to his feet. The blood was rushing
in streams from his many wounds. His hold
upon the knife which sought his brave heart be-
gan to relax. He was dying. But even when
he believed the next moment would be his last
strong men came to his relief. The madman
y,4
UKTHKAT-HKTUIIU TIOX.
('•inc \\nn m>ciii-(>(l nnd Ik-IiI fast.— N(»iiton's
A.,i:x. I(. HiKniKNH, cli. H, p. 'J7.
'1M:I0. retreat, HhIv. fhittfr of SpurK.
'I'lic Fliijiflisliiiriiiy lulvanccif ill AuK'nst, 151:1, mul
Milt down hi'fon! tin- wiills of 'nTouniiiH'. The;,
were Ih'H! JoIiumI by tlu! (■(■(■(•iilrlc KiiipcroV
Mftxiniiliiin, who, after contracting' to serve in tln!
rankN an a volunteer, at tiie rate of UK) crovvim a
ilay, Hoon coni rived to j^ralify hiw vanity hv as-
HUinin^ till! direction of the o|K'ration.4 ot tlie
NicKe. A French force was disjialched to relieve
Teronainie, under the orrlers of the Duke of Lon-
^tueville. . . . TIk! two armies met on the 10th
of Au;,'ust, between 'I'erouanne and HlanK's,
when, after a brief enc(<untcr, the French gen-
darmerie <'onsulted their safety by a (li;;ht so pre-
cipitate that the ilay has become kiiowti in his-
tory as the " Hatlle of the Spurs." — Sri'DKNTs'
FuANc i;, <h. la, g 8.
4H'IO. . " Ihitth- of Siiiin." [In
151:1, 10,000 p'rench j,'endarmes,'al the siej^e of
Terouanne, weio seized with sonu; inexi)licable
panic at thi! tirst shock with tlu! cavalry of
tlu> Kmpcror Maximilian and tied hastily from
the ticld. I 'i"he French themselves, lauj^hinjf at
the i)aiiic-slricken lli;;lil of their arniv, called
this "The Jlallle of tin; S|)urs." — KNioirrtJ
En(i., vol. a, ch. 1(1, p. 'v'(W.
48 J I. RETREAT imposdble. 11 1 Hie of Xv res.
[The Saracens invaded Spain and overthrew
the Goths. J Notwithstanding the valor of tlio
[rjOOO] Saracens [under Tarik 1 they fainted under
the weight of inidtitudes, and the plain of Xeres
was oversj)read with 10,000 of their dead bodies.
" My bretiiren,"8aid Tarik,to his surviving com-
panions, "the enemy Is before you, tho sea is
behind, wluther would yo lly ? Follow your
general ; I am resolved either to lose my life or
to trample on the prostrate king of the Romans."
— Qiiibon'h Komk, ch. 51, p. 253.
4842. RETREAT, Muterly. Battle of Brook-
lyn. At tirst tlie army seemed ruined. ... It
seemed au easy thing for Clintoa and Howe to
press on and capture all the rest. Yet, in a few
hours, Washington brought together his shattered
forces, reorganized his brigades, and stood ready
for an as.sault in the trenches back of Brooklyn.
During the 28th Howe, who wa.s a sluggish, sen-
sual man, ate pudding and waited for a fitter
day. On the 2t)th there was a heavy fog over
island and bay and river. Washington, clearly
perceiving that he coulil not hold Ins position,
and that his army was in great peril, resolved
to withdraw to New York. The enterprise was
extremely hazardous, reqidring secrecy, courage
and disjiatch. By eight o'clock on that memo-
rable night every boat and transport that could
be obtjiined was lying at the Brooklyn ferry.
Then!, undercover of tlie darkness, the embarka-
tion began. Washington personally superintend-
ed every movement. All night with muffled
oars the boatmen rowed silently back and forth,
bearing the patriots to the northern side of tlie
channel. At daylight on the following morning
just as the last boat-load was leaving the wharf
the movement was discovered by the British.
They rushed into the American intrenchments,
and found nothing there except a few worthless
guns. After a severe battle which had cost him
nearly 400 men, Howe had gained possession
of I^>ng Island — and nothing more. General
Greene, who wa^ ii ( ompetetit Judge, declared that
Washingliin's nlnul was the iiumt masterly ho
had ever read or heard of. — UiDrATu's U. S.,
ch. :«». |). ;il'.'.
4Ni:i. RETRIBUTION begun. Lord Comti^el-
lor ,/iJ'rii/s. [.lanits II. had lied to France.]
And now the diiv of retribution had arrived.
The Trimmer [liiird Halifax | was walking
through Wapping, when Ik; saw a Wdll-knowu
face looking out of the window of an alehouse.
He could not be deceived. The eyebrows, in-
deed, had been shaved away. The drcas wax that
of a conunon sailor from Newcastle, and wai
black with coal-dust ; but there was no mistak*
ing the savage moulh an<l eyeof JelTn-ys. Th«
alarm was given. In a moment tlut house wait
surrounded by hundreds of people shaking blud-
geons and iiellowing curses. The fugilivit's lif«
was saved by a company of tin; Irain-ljands, and
he was carried before the lord mayor. . , . VVheu
the great man, at whose frown a few days In-foru
the whole kingdom had trembled, was dragged
into the justice room begrimed with ashes, half
dead with fright, and followed by a raging muU
titude, the agitation of the unfortunate mayor
rose to tlu; height. He fell into tits, and wan
carried to his bed, whence! he never rose. Mean-
while the throng without was constantly b(!coiii.
ing nion; numerous and more savage. Jeffreys
begged to be sent to jirison. . . . Two regiments
of militia were drawn out to escort him, and
found the duty a difllcult one. It was repeatedly
neces.sary for them to form, as if for the purpose
of repelling a charge of cavalry, and to present
a forest of pikes to the mob. The thousand.s
who were disap|)ointed of their revenge pursued
the coach, with howls of rage, to the gate of the
Tower, brandishing cudgels, nnd holding up
halters full in the prisoner s view. The wretched
man, meantime, was in convulsions of terror.
He wrung his liands ; be looked wildly out,
sometimes at one window, and sometimes at the
other, and was heard even above tlic tumult cry-
ing, " Keep them off, gentlemen 1 for God's sake
keep tliem off t" At length ... he was lodged
in the [Tower] fortress, where some of his most
illustrious victims had pa.ssed their last days, and
where his own life was destined to close in un-
speakable ignominy and horror. — Macaulay'b
Eno., ch. 10, p. 517.
4S44. RETRIBUTION overlooked. Napoleon I.
[Reared in an infidel age.] Having never been
taught any correct ideas of probation or retribu-
tion, the question whether a few thousand illiter-
ate peasants should eat, drink and sleep for a few
years more or less, was in his view of little im-
l)ortance compared with those great measures of
political wisdom which should meliorate the con-
dition of Europe for ages. It is Christianity
alone which stamps importance upon each in.
dividual life. — Aiibott's Napoleon B., vol. 1,
ch. 1.
4845. RETRIBUTION, Sanitary. Black Amze.
In the year 1577 tlio jail fever mged in the
county jail at Oxford, and spread from the
prison to the court, and from the court to tho
town. In the course of forty hours the lord
chief baron (as the presiding judge was called),
the high sheriff, the jurymen, and all who were
in the court room, to the number of three hun-
dred, died of this malignant disease. The citi*
HKTUinLTIOX-UKVKNOK.
r)?.')
xeim flcfl in terror from the town, and, rvrr nftpr,
(lint Rpiwlon of 1lu( roiirt wum culled tlie " Mliiek
Aini7.e." — CVCI.Ol'KDIA OK HkmI,, ".IiiHN lloW-
AIID," p. O'J.
41916. RETRIBUTION, 8«ns« of. <%nl,^ If.
(Ill tii.t hisl word.s liel'ure lityiii^ Ids head on the
liloek| he uekiiowled^ed. wilh Irwe ('lirlHtiuM
liiitnility. tliiit HlthoML^h innocent liefore the law
of the (■.'inies for wld<'h lit! wiih iilMiiit to siilTer.
Iii.'i eoiiHeienee told Idni that he had heen guilty
of niuny I'iiuIIh ai'd weaknesses, for which he ac-
cepted without II iniirniiir Ids |)resent death as it
meet and Hiiliitaryi^xpiation. " I basely ratified, "
Hiiid he, in iilliision to the fate of Ktraiford. " an
unjust Hentenc(<. and thi! Niinilar injustice I am
now tc underKo is ii HeitHonalilo retrihiition for
the pii lishineiit I intlicled on an innocent inun.
— Lama'itink'h CiioMWKr.i,, p. 17.
4«« jr. REVENGE, Bloody. Sr,u,ii l{,h,Uion.
As the lli^hlatiders vm\w to one of (ieiieral
Wheeler's deiid diiu;^hlers tied naked to the
frround. Imvinti: been sulijected to treiilini'iil
worse than death, they snt (lown, and cuttiii;? olf
her hair, divided il, withpahf countenances and
wrathful eyes, hetweeii tiieni. Knch one then
slowly counteil the nuinher of threads he had,
mid wilh a solemn, fearful oath, swore; that
for each hair one iiinii shoidd die. An oath he
more thau kept— Ok.nkiiai. (Jkant's 'I'havki.h,
p. :j:.'h.
'IM'IN. REVENGE, Charaoteriitic, Antiricnn
fndiaii. In ease of death hy violence, the de-
parted shade could not rest till iiiipeased by ii re-
taliiitiou. His kindred would " go a thousand
miles for the i>urpose of reviuige, over hills and
mountains ; through large cane swumps, full of
grape vin(!S and briers ; over broad lakes, raiiid
rivers, and deep creeks ; and nil the way endan-
gered by poisonous snakes, exposed to the ex-
tremities of heat and cold, to hunger and thirst"
. . . often continuing from generation to gen-
eration . . . tribe against tribe . . . jieace was
restored by atoning presents. — Hanihokt's
U.S., vol. 3, eh. 23.
4S49. REVENGE, Condeioension of. Maria The-
resa. [The einpress-iiueen of Austria had been
robbed of the province of Silesia by Frederick
II.] Though the haughtiest of princesses, though
the most austere of matrons, she forgot in her
thirst for revenge botli tlie dignity of her race and
the purity of her clmract(!r, and condescended to
flatter the low-born and low-minded concubine,
who, having iicijuired intiuenco by prostituting
herself, retained it by prostituting others. Maria
Theresa actually wrote with her own hand a note
full of expressions of esteem and friendship to
her dear cousin, the daughter of the butcher
Poisson, the wife of the publican D'Etioles, the
kidnapper of young girls for the Parc-aux-cerf»
— a strange cousin for the descendant of so many
emperors of the West ! — Macaui-ay's FitEU-
KKICK TIIK GkKAT, p. 77.
4§50. REVENGE on the Dead. Park. The fall
of his [Louis XIII.] odious favorite [Concini]
was hailed with extravagant delight by the citi-
zens of Paris ; the frantic populace disinterred
Ids corpse, dragged it through the streets, tore it
in pieces, and burned it to ashes. — Students'
PRANCK, ch. 1ft. 55 d.
4I>I«I. . Ilanfjrd. |<)n Iho !«tth of
.Tan. Willi, after the restoration id° CharleH I!.,
Kvelyn records| : " This day (O the stuiiendoii.H
and inscrutable JudgnientH of (]od I ) were the
carciiHses of those archreliels Cromwell, Urad-
sliiiw (the Judge who condemned Ids majesty
|('harles 1. 1, and Irelon (son-in law to the llNurp-
er), dragged out of their superb tumlm in
Westminster, anioiig tlie kings, to Tyburn, and
hanged on the gallows there from nine in the
morning till six at niu:lil,aiid then buried under
that fatal and ignominious monument, in a deep
pit ; thousands of peojile who had seen them in
all their pridi' lieing spectatt^rs." — IvMoiiTri
Kno , M.I. 4, (h. ITi. p. 'J IS.
4MA'J. REVENGE declined. Matthew Hale. A
mini who had doix' Sir. Matthew Hale a great in-
jury came afterward to him for his advice in
the .seltlemeiit of his estate. Sir Matthew gave
his advice very friinkly to him, but would uc
cept of no fee for it ; and thereby showed, both
that he could forgive as a ( 'hristian, iind that lie
had the spirit of a gentleman, not lo take money
of one who had wronged him so grievously.
Wlieii he was asked how he could use a man ho
kindly who had wronged liim so iiiiich, his an-
swer was, he thanked (fod lie had Ic.irned to
forget injuries.
4N53. REVENGE, Determined. WnmauH.
[.Mary (^ueen of Scots had strong liatred--.
\lurruy and hisailhereiils were I he objects of Iht
wrath in ir)(17, and she declared she would
rather piTil her crown than lost; her revenge.) —
Knkiiit'h Eno., vol. !1, cli. 1>, p. lUl).
48S4. REVENGE, Dishonorable. Siepe of(htza.
At length, after repeated assaults, tlii! city wa>»
taken by storm, and its brave iiihabitants per-
ished almost to a man. Tl ; governor, Uetis,
whose noble dcifence of his country was worthy
of the api)lau8e even of an enemy, was dragged
round the walls of the city at tlie wheels of Al-
exander's chariot. "The king," says (hirtius,
" gloried that, in this instance, he imitated tlm
example of his progenitor, Achilles, in the ven-
geance he took on the dead body of Hector." —
Tyti.kh'b Hist., Book 2, ch. 4. p. IHO.
4§95. REVENGE, Female. ParyHatis. [She
was the mother of Cyrus. The captured family
of Hydarnes, the Persian governor, were] (ieliv-
ered to Parysatis, to do wilh them as that moth-
er, exasperated to the last excess by the treatment
either (l(>ne or inteniled against her daughter
Hamestris, should think fit. That cruel princess
began by causing Iloxana, whose beauty liad
been the occasion of all this evil, to be sawed in
two, and ordered all the rest to be put to death,
except Statira, whose life she granted to the
tears and the most tender and ardent solicitation.n
of Arsaces . . . Such was the state of the affair
at the death of Darius. Statira, as soon as her
husband wi"' upon the throne, caused Udiastes
[the assn.ssinator of her brother Teriteuchmes]
to l)e delivered into her hands. She ordered his
tongue to be torn out, and made him die in the
most exquisite torments she could invent, to
puni.sh the crime which had occasioned the ruin
of her family. . . . Parysatis on her side took
her revenge on the son of Teriteuchmes, whom
she caused to be jioisoned ; and we shall see
that Statira's turn was not very remote. History
has not a more tragical scene, nor a more mou-
.:<5
HKVKNdK.
"■Ildll-* ('(>llll)li<'Ullnii of iicliillrry, liu'cst, iiriil
iiiiirili'i' ; wlilcli, iil'trr liiiviii^ (ii'('UHiiini-<l ^ri'iu
(liMonltTK ill tilt' royiil fitiiiily, itTiiiiniiiiil nr
li'M^Mll ill IIh! IUONI fitlul tllUIIIliT to itll wIlii llilll
liny Hliiit't' ill il.~l(<ii,i.!^'H lliHT., itoiil; I), ( ii. I,
^ I .
-IM.IO BEVEROE, Honored. .!//>' «f Chuvl,
iii<t<iiif. Aiiioii^^ all liiti'liitritiis iiuliiiiiH, liii' rii;iil
cif privulc i('Vi'ii;fi' iHulliiwcii ; wliicli is nut only
) \|i('(liriil ill Hiii'li li stiilc of Nocicty, lull iilisolntf
ly iicccssiiry, wjicrc llicn' in iirillicrHiilllcii'iit iiiii-
[•liliiiic ill tlic pcnul laws lo apply lo tlic viirl( ly
of ('riiiiiiiiil iicls, nor corrclvc I'orcc In iiiiy linincli
of 111!' stiilc to carry siii'li laws into cxcciilioii.
Ainoii^' tlu^ iini'iriil Ocniiaiis, ntvciip- was al
ways lioiioralilf — often iiicritorioiiM. Tlic iiidc
IMMKJciit, warrior cliasliscd or viiiiliciitcd with liin
own imnd llic injuries lie liiid received or iriven ;
and li<t liad iiolliin;; more to drciid tliaii the re-
wiitiiieiit of the sons or kinsiiieii of tlicciieinv
lie Hiu'ritlccd. 'I'lie iiiKiriHtriilc, coiihcIoiim of lifs
ivcaliiieKH, interposed, not lo ])iinisli, but, lo rcc
oncilf* ; Mild li<! was Halistied if lie could per-
huadd the aj^jtrcssor to pay, and tin- injured par-
ty to accepl the moderate (Ine iiilcriiosed as the
firice of hlood. — Tyti.ku"* IIiht., Jiook 0, cli, U,
]). 7H.
'IN.ir. EEVENOE, Ignoble. ll,i<i,i of ('f«irl,.i
if. Sir .loliii Covenlry, ii country p'lillcmiin,
had in ihfliate, Hiicered at tlu^ jiroiliifacy of the
«'ourt. In any former reifjn he would prolialily
liave been called befont lli(! I'rivy Oouncii and
coimiiittcd to the T<»wcr. A dilTerenlcourH*- was
now taken. A jjaiiLC of bullies was wcretly sent
to slil tlie nose of tlu- oU'eiider. This innoble re
voiif^e, instead of (lucllinjif the spirit of opiK)si-
lion, raised such a tempest that the kin^ was
compelled lo sulimit to tlu; cruel humiliation of
piLssin/^an act which attainted llieiiistruniciits of j
Jiis reven>;e, and which took from him the pow
tTof iiardoiiingthem. — .M.\('AI'i..\y'« Ksa., ch. ~.
p. 1»1.
•tn^n. BEVENOE, Implao/.ble. Wife of Ji<!i-
fariiiK. From this jileasiiig and jierhaps volun-
tary delusion, Jk-lisarius [the Roman ;;ciierai|
■was awakened at Syracuse by Iho ofHcious in-
formation of Maceiloniii ; and that female iitten-
tlaiil. after rc(iuirin;f an oiitli for her security, pro-
(liiciul two chamberlains, who, like luTself, had
often beheld the adulteries of Antoiiina. A hasty
tlifj^ht into Asia .saved Theodosius from the jus-
tice uf an injured husband, who had signified to
one of his fjuards th(M)rderof his death ; but llu(
tears of Antonina and lier artful seductions as-
sured the credulous hero of Iut innocence ; and
lie stooped, against his faith and judgment, to
iibandon those imi)rudent friends who had i^re-
sumcsd to accuse or doubt the chastity of his wife.
The revenge! of ii guilty woman is implacable and
bloody ; the unfortunate Slacedonia, with tlie
two wiln(!S8es, were secretly arre.sted liy the min-
ister of lier cruelty ; tlujir tongues were cut out,
their bodies were hacked into small i)ie(;es, and
their remains were cast into the sea of Syracu.se.
— Gibhon's ItoMK, ch. 41, p. 185.
4i50. EEVENOE, Ingenioua. Picture. When
Attila took possession of the royal palace of Mi-
lan, he was surprised nnd offended at the sight
of a picture which represented the ('(e.snrs seated
on their throne, and the princes of 3cythia pros-
trate at their feet. The revenge which Attila in-
flicted (III this monunicn' of Itoiiiitn viinlty wim
hii nil less and iiiKeiiiouM lie commanded a paint-
er to n'verse the tiguri-N and the atlitiideN , and
the emperors Were delineated on the same can.
vas approachlnir in a suppliant posture lo empty
their bags of triJMitaiy golil before the throne of
llie Scythian monan h. Oiiiiio.n'h ito.Mi:, i li. II.*!,
p. •ll.V
IWOO. EEVENOE of Injuitioe. .hiil f'Vnr.
Howard Went into one of iIiohc duiiireoim that
was twenty four s!eiis lielow the surface, and
another that was thirty seven ; Init they were
usually ten or twelve feet under ground, with
two small windows alioiil two feel H|uai'e. The
floor was littered with what had lu'cn once straw,
liut wlii( h WHS Hooti ground into powder wlu'ii
the dungeon WHS dry, and int) paste when It wim
damp. Daiiii) it usually was, and chilly, and
foul, and slinking, to a degree that only tlie he-
roic bcnevolenie of a Howard could have borne
to remain in it voluntarily. On lliis pulvcri/.ed
and rotten straw, teeming with vermin and sur-
cliiirged Willi poisonous odors, the walls and
(ciliiig e,\cee<liiig filthy, the prisoners slept, cov-
ered in winlir willi a damp and filtliy rug. Tho
jail fever, of course, raged in all such jirisoiis,
nnd often spread into the towns. It was common
for juilges, lawyers, and jurymen lo <atcii thai
malignant disease from the prisoners whom they
tried ; the b;ir and the bench of Kngland . . .
lost .some of their brightest ornaments from this
most deadly of fevers. — CYt'Loi'Kl>iA «>K lUou.,
p. 44.
'IKOI. EEVENOE, Pereonal. J(nin:i Ifamiltoii.
Murray, guardian of tin; infant King .lames and
diclalor of the kingdom, governed the unlia|)py
country willi vigor and address. Hut a |)ro-
sciibed geiilleman of good family, James Ham-
ilton of I{()lhwellhaugli, wliost- wife Murray had
left to die in misery and madness on the thresh-
old of her own dwelling, which had been be-
sIowimI by the n'geiit on Hclleiiden, one of his
partisans," swore to avenge al onct? his wife and
Ills country, (iallicring a handful of the earth
which covered the bier of his wift?, he wore it
within his ginlhr as an eternal incentive lo re
veiige : and repairing in disguise to the small
town of I, inlitligow, through which Murray had
to jiMss on his return to Edinburgh, In; placc<l
himself at a window, fired upon and killed the
regent. H(! then mounted a horse .•eady for him
behind the house, and by swift lliglit csi-aped
the regent's guards. " I alone," cried the dying
Murray, "could have saved the church, Iho
kingdom, and the king ; anarchy will now de-
your tlutin all ! " — L.v.maktine's Qi-kkn ok
Scots, p 38.
4fit6tl. . Kiipoleon T. [When in exile
at Elba he sn\\ :| " I never revenged myself for
a ]»er.sonal injury duiing the whoU; course of my
life. ' — AnnoTTH Napoleon B., vol. 2, ch. 23.
4SCJI. EEVENOE, Savage. Ilvuhmid'n. [Rob-
ert, tlu! pusillanimous Emperor of Constantino-
1)1(!. 1 The amorous yonlh had neglected his
Greek bride, tlu; daughter of Vatace.s, to intro-
duce into the palace a beautiful maid, of a pri-
vate though noble family of Artois ; and her
mother had been tempted by the lu.stre of the
purple to forfeit her engagements with a gentle-
man of Burgundy. His love wasconyerted into
UKVKNl K-HKVOF.LTION.
577
rn^v , he iwiM(<tn>il<>(i lilx frlciiiU, tnriM llic |niI
»rv Kikti'M, tlirow tli*> iiKiihcr inln the ncii. iiihI in
liiiiniinly cut ofT the tioMr ami li|>Mi)f tlic xslfi' or
<'<iii('iililiii< of Uki I'lniMTiit. (iiiiiiii.s h Hn.Ml':,
<li «l, p. 117.
<t*MII. RXVEHUE, Anoient. liom.m. Knuii
the ruinl Klliiiiiirriritciof miuIi iloiilitfiil iiiiil hciiI,-
IcriMi liglilM, wu Nlmuld hv liicliiii'd to liclii'Vi-,
llrMi, lliiit (wllli «!V('rv lull' itlli)wiiii('<' I'ur llio ilil'
flTt'llCC (if tilrlCM 1(11(1 ('ll'ClllllMlltnci'N) tllC ^I'tlCI'lil
liicoiix' of tlid Itdiimri proviiiccH <'oiil(| Kcldotn
aiiioiiiil to \rnn tliiin llftcciior Iwiiity nilllioiisof
our iiioncy ; uiid, hicoikIIv, lliiil ho ainplc ii rev
friiic iiiiiHl. Iiuvo hi'cii fully adcqiiatc to all the
<'X|M'iiM('s of Hid inodciali- ^'ovcriiininl iiiHtilutcd
liy Au^uMtdH, vvliosi' courl was the inodcHt fam-
ily of II private HL'ii.ilor, and wlio.s(- military is
laiili.slimciil wiiM calciilalcd for tli<^ dcfiiicit of
IIh- fronlitTM, witliout any iiNpirini; vi"\VNof coii-
(|U('Ht, or any HcrioiiH apprcliciiNioii of a forci;;!!
iiiviision. — (5iitii»»N'« Uo.MK, ell. ((, p. IM1»,
4nH.\ REVENUE from Injuitloe. TurU 'I'lic
patrimony of tli<! Hullaii arises, in a ^rrcat meas-
ure, from tli(! fiontlHcation of the CNlali's of tlie
vi/iers and liaHJiawH ; and when lie has oecasioti
to Hiipply his private piirsi , it eosis him only the
4-(>nd(Miinatioti of one of thes(> unfortunate gran-
dees. On the whole, tin- reveiiueH of tlu- Turk-
ish empire art. very ineonsideralile. Hut. tlu* iih-
soliite power of tlie sultan KupplicH that defect,
and can execute very ^'real i)rojects at a small e.x
jiciise. — 'rvTi,i;u'.s lIiHT., Hook 5, ch. i;{, p. 21!1.
'tM<(0. REVENUE, Mismanaged. liiifjn. of
/ifori/f lir. A.I). 17((1J. Ileavv complaints were
made that the system of makfiij; all the revenue
ofTleeH in America sinecure places, had led to
Hucli abuses that an American imiiual revenue
of less than £3(X)() cost the eHtalilishment of the
i'ustoms of (Jreut Hritain between .seven and eijrlit
Ihoiisund pounds a year. — Hanchokt'h U. 8.,
vol. 5, eh. 5.
4867. REVERENCE, Ezoeuive. Olim/>iioii.i.
"William I'itt ... is said to have knelt when he was
with Qeorra II. in liis closet, and to have bowed
.so low at the levee that his hooked nose was .seen
between his legs. — KNKiiiTHE.sd., vol. 0, ch. 10,
p. 252.
4808. RLrTRENCE, Maternal. /l/..w^/(/,/-. II.>
used to send ma^iiilieent presents to his mother ;
but then he never would let her have any concern
la the allairs of tlio p)vernment. She used fre-
quently to make very severe complaints upon
that account ; but lit; always submitted to her
ill-humor with great mildness and patience. An-
tipater having one day written a long letter
uguinst her, the king, after reading it, replied,
" Antipater do(!s not know that one single tear
shed by a motht^r will obliterate ten thousand
such liAtcrs a.s this." — Hoi.i.in's Hist., Hook 1.'),
4869. REVERENCE for Farenti. Aurien/n.
Cyrus the Oreat, in the midst of his con(|uests,
and at the most brilliant era of his good fortune,
would not accept of the advantageous offer made
bim by Cyuxares, his uncle, of giving him his
daughter in marriage, and Media for her dowry,
till be had first advised with his father and moth-
er and obtained their consent. History informs
us here, that among the Persians, a son, how
great and powerful soever he might be, n(!vcr
(hired to sent him>M'lf lN>fore lih mother till lio
had tIrMt obtaineil her leave , ,iiid that In d(»
otherwise wiM <-oiiPtldered um u crime.— Hoi.i.iNit
iliHT.. H<M>k 1(1, J^U.
48r0. RIVZRENOI, Religioui. (When the
Itomans oll'ered their sacrilli cs, lf| one of tint
horses that drew the I'hariots iiilled 'I'mjiir, in
which are placed the Images of the gods, liap-
Iteiied to stumble, or If the charioteer took tlui
reins in his left hand, the whole proceHslon
was to be repeated. And in later ages they liavti
SI t about one Macrlllce thirty Ncvcral times on ac
count of some defect or inauspicious appearancii
in it. Hiicli reverence have the itomaiiM paid to
the Supreme Hcliig. — I'l.i/rAiii ii.
4Mri. REVERSE!, ?eneflt of. 77/^ I'lunlinfi.
The reverses which com|H'lled them, after along
and bloody struggle, to reliiKjuish the hope of
establishing a great contiiieiittii empire, went
really blessings in the guise of disasters. 'I'lio
spirit of the Kreiich was at last aroused. They
began to opiMise a vigorous nalimml reHistaiicd
to till' foreign con(|uerors ; and from tliat limn
the skill of the Knglish ca|ilains and the cour-
age of the I'lnglisli soldiers were, happily for
mankind, cxerlcd in vain. After many desper-
ate struggles, iind with many liiller regrets, our
ancestors gavi^ up the contest. — Macaii.ay'ii
Knii., ch. 1, p. 11».
4874. REVOLT inppreiied. S.lir.rn.
the middle of the same month the .New
brigade stationed at I'oinptoii revolted,
movement Washington (luelled by force.
eral Itobert Howe marclied to llie
About
Jersey
ThU
Oen-
camp with
llv(! hundred regulars and compelled twelve of
the |)riiicipal mutineers to execute the two
leaders ot the revolt. From that day order was
completely restored. Tho.se insurrections had li
good rather than a bad effect; ("ongress wa.>«
thoroughly alarmed, and immediate ))rovisions
were made for the better supi>orl of the army.
An agent was sent to France to obtain a further
loan of money. Hobert Morris was appointiul
secretary of ftnanci^ ; the Hank of North Amer-
ica wasorgani/.ed ; and, although the outstanding^
debts of the rnited States could not be paid, yet
ere promptly met, lor
Morris and his ("riends iiledgeil their private fort-
all future obligations were promptly
lines to sustain the credil of the government.
HiDi'ATiis U. S., ch. 44, p. :»4(i.
487!!. REVOLUTION by Contagion. .1 mn-irn—
Frdiicf. Shortly after the American Dedaratioii
of Independence, signed on the 4tli of July,
1770, three deputies from the new Hepublic —
Henjamin Franklin, Arthur Lee, and Silas Deano
— arrived in Paris to solicit aid from France in
the struggle agJiinst the mother country. Their
presence created an extraordinary sensation ;
and tli(^ enthusiasm thus])roduced was undoubt-
edly one of the causes which contributed power-
fully to the subse(|uent outbreak of the Hevolu-
tion. — Sri dents' FitAXc k, ch. 25, ^ 2.
487 1. REVOLUTION, Instantanconf. Ptiri-
tann. Calling a council of his olHcers, a remon-
strance was framed, to be presented to the Par-
liament, reminding them that it was averse to
the spirit of a democracy that any set of magi.s-
tratesshould be perpetual, and desiring that they
might in. mediately think of di.ssolving, after is-
suing writs for the election of a new Parliament.
678
REVOLUTIONS— RICHES.
This applicntion, It may Iw imagined, met with
a sharp reply, wliich was nothing more fliiin
■what Cromwell wislied and expe(;ted. Before
liie smallest hint had transpired of Ids design,
lie now presented himsr'lf witli three hundred
soldiers at tin; door of the House of Commons.
Leaving his guards witliotit, he took his seat for
pome lime and listened t( their debates ; then,
lisiiig hastily uj) : "I judge," said lie, "this
Parliament to lie rijw for dissolution" (taking
<.nc of the nu riiliers by the cloak). " Yon" m'u\
he, "an! a whoreniaster ;" to anollur, '" You arc
ft drunkard," and (toa third), " You are an e.xlor-
lioner. Tlr; Jiord lath done willi you, get you
gone, you arc^ i,o longer a Parlianunt." Then,
utampiiig with his foot, wliich was a signal for
the soldiers to enter, " I/crc," saio he, ])oi;iting
to the mace "Inch lay on tlu! table, " tak(; away
that fool's hauble ;" then, ordering the soldiers
to drive all tlu; members o"t of the house, he
locked the door himself, j,,it the key into his
pocket, and went home to his lodgings in Wliite-
Jiall. Thus, by oimof the boldest actions record-
ed in history, tin; famous Republic of England,
which had subsisted four years and three months,
was annihilated in one moment. — Tyti.kk's
Hist., Book 6, ch. 30, p. 413.
4§75. BE'VOLUTIONS, Injustice brings. ///,«-
tori/. [Fos.. in " Judges of England" says,] one of
the primary causes of the great rebellion that
overthrew the Government, and that cost the
king his head, was the degradation of the bench
of justice. — Knight's Eno., vol. 3, ch. 28,
p. 447.
4§r6. REVOLUTIONS, Ketrogradive. Jien/--
ratioii of t'harhs II. Revolutions are of two
kinds : tliey are eitl>er progressive or reactionary.
A revolution of progress is often destructive,
sweeping away much which should have been
preserved. But such a revolution has a regen-
erating force ; it renews the youth of a nation,
and gives fne play to its vital powers. Lost
limbs are replaced by new. A revolution of re-
action, on the other hand, is a l)enurabing influ-
ence, paralyzing effort, and levelling character.
In such a conservative revolution the mean, the
nclfish, and the corrupt come to the top ; man
ticeks ea.se and enjoyment rather than duty ; virt-
ue, honor, patriotism, and disinterestedness dis-
appear altogether from a society which has
ceased to believe in them. , . . The Re.storation
of 1600 was such a revolution. — Pattison's
Milton, ch. 12.
4§77. BE'WABD, Destitute of. Captain, Tohn
Smith. Extreme sulTerings from his wounds and
the Ingratitude of his employers were the fruits
of his services. He received, for his sacritices and
perilous exertions, not one foot of land, not the
house he built, not the field his own hands had
planted, nor any reward but the applause of his
own conscience and the world. He was the
father of Virginia, the true leader who first
planted the Saxon race within the borders of the
United F'ates. — Bancuoft'8 Hist, of U. S.,
vol. 1, ch. 4.
4§r§. SEWARD of Gratitude. General Or ant.
During his visit [to New York, 1867], a purse of
$100,000 was made up for him by the citizens.
. Previous to this, Philadelphia had given him
$30,000 ; Galena, a house and furniture, and Bos-
ton a library. If he had been an Englishman,
and rendered such services to his country as ho
had to the Union, he would have received twice
as much, and an estate and titled besides. —
Hkadi.ky's Guant, p. 240.
'I<97ft. RE'WARD, Unexpected. By Al'-rontUr.
This prince was naturally of a tender and hu-
\\Y\w disjiosition, which made him sensible of
the adliction of jiersons in the lowest condition.
A poor Macedonian was one day driving lieforo
him a mule laden with gold for the king's u.se :
the beast being so tired that he was not able
i either to go on or sustain the load, the mule-
driver took it up and carried it, but with great
dillicully, a considerable way. Alexander, see-
ing him'just sinking under his burden, and going
to throw it on the ground, in order to ea.se him-
self, cried out," Friend, do not be weary yet ; try
and carry it ((uite through to thy tent, for it is
all thy own."— Roi.mn's Hist., Book If), § 12.
48S0. RICH, Duty of the. Epam.inondas.
Though jioor himself, and without any estate,
his very i)overty, by drawing upon him the es-
teem and coniiuence of the rich, gave him the
opportunity of doing good to others. One of
his friends being in great nec"ssity, Epaminon-
das sent him to a very rich citizen, with orders to
ask him for 1000 crowns in his name. That rich
man coming to his house, to know his motives
for directing his friend to him upon such an er-
rand : "Why," replied Epaminondas, "it is
because this lionest man is in want, and you are
rich."— Rom.in'8 Hist., Book 12, § 7.
4§§1. RICHES, Avarice with. Pythinn. [He
was a Lydian prince residing at CeUena;.] He
presented great Xerxes will- a sum equal to about
£1,700,000 sterling. After such a conduct as
this, who would not think that Pythius's pecul-
iar characteristic and particular virtue had been
generosity, and a noble contempt of riches ? And
yet he was one of the most penurious princes in
the world ; and who, besides his sordid avarice
with regard to himself, was extremely cruel and
Inhuman to his subjects, whom he kept contin-
ually employed in hard and fruitless labor, al-
ways digging in the gold and silver mines which
he had in his territories. When he was .absent
from home, hici subjects went with tears in their
eyes to the prinee.ss his wifo, laid their com-
plaints before her and implored her assistance.
Commiserating their condition, she made use of
a very extraordinary method to work upon her
husband, and to give him a clear notion and a
palpable demonstration of the folly and injustice
of his conduct. On his return home, she ordered
an entertainment to be prepared for him, very
magnificent in appearance, but what in reality
was no entertainment. All the courses and ser-
vices were of gold and silver ; and the prince, in
the midst of all these rich dishes and splendid
rarities, could not satisfy his hunger. He easily
divined the meaning of this enigma, and began
to consider that the end of gold and silver was
not merely to be looked upon, but to ho em-
ployed and made use of, and that to neglect, as
he had done, the business of husbandry and the
tilling of land, by employing all his people in
digging and working of mines, was the direct
way to bring a famine both upon himself and
his country. For the future, therefore, he only
reserved a fifth part of his people for the busi-
RICHES.
67J*
ness of niiniii^^— Uoi.mn'h 1Ii(<t., Book 0, eh. 2,
4883. BICHES in Contentment. IVwcwn. [Al-
I'Xiiiider iiiiidc I'liocioii, the Atliiniiin, ii pri'sciit
of] II liiiiKlnid talents. VVlicii the iiioiit y wiis
brought to Athens, Pliocion asked tlie persons
•■inployed in that conunission, " Why, among
all llu; citi/ens of Athens, he should he singled
out as the object of such bounty V" " IJecause,"
wild they, " Alexaiuler looks upon yon '"* tl'"
only honest and good man." "'Ihen," said
i'hocion, "let him permit mo always to retain
that character, as well as really to be that man."
The envoys then went home with him, and
Avhen they saw the frugality that reigned there.
Ids wife baking bread, himself drawing water,
and afterward washing his own feet, they urged
him the more to receive the iiresent. They told
lum, " It gave them real uneasiness, and was,
indeed, an intolerable thing, that the friend of
BO great a prince should live in such a wretched
manner." At that instant a j)oor old man hap-
pening to pass by, in a mean garment, Phocion
asked the envois, " Whether they thought worse
of him than of that man '!" As they begged of
him not to make such a comparison, iie re-
joined, " Yet that man lives upon less than I
do, and is contented. In one word, it will be
to no purpose for mc to have so much monev,
if I do not use it ; and if I was to live uj) to it,
I should bring both my.self and the king, your
master, under the censure of the Athenians."
Thus, the money was carried back from Athens ,
and the wliole transacticm was a good lesson to
the Greeks, "That the man who did not want
such a sum of money was richer than he who
could bestow it." — Plutakcii's " Phocion."
4883. BICHES despised. " Uiidtr the Feet."
The general of Anuirath, Evrenos, who had ab-
jured the God of the Greeks for the Allah cf
Mahomet, and who was conquering antique
Greece to the Ottomans, signalized himself by
presents that were the spoils of the islands and
the continent of the Adriatic. Two hundred
voung Greek slaves of his own race, chosen
among the flower of the youth and beauty of
Thes.saly, opened the market of his cortege of
tributaries. Ten of these slaves carried upon
their heads golden plates filled with Venetian
ducats ; ten others, silver plates filled with .se-
quins ; eighteen more had golden and silver gob-
lets, to lave the fingers ; the rest, cups, crystals,
Venetian gliisses, in which precious .stones were
incrusted in transparency. All these marvels,
which the Ottomans call »r/.W(OM (or things to
be thrown under the feet), were, in fact, strewn
beneath the feet of Bajazet and his affianced. —
Lamautine's Tuukev, p. 251.
4884. BICHES, Joy in. Sudden. Among all
the concubines of iMithridates that were brought
liefore Pompey, he touched not one, but sent
them to their parents or husbands ; for most of
them were either daughters or wives of the great
officers and principal persons of the kingdom.
But Stratonice, who was the first favorite, and
had the care of a fort where the best part of the
king's treasure was lodged, was the daughter of
a poor old mtisician. She sung one evening to
Mithridates at an enterUunment, and he was .so
much plea.sed with her that he took her to his
bed that night, and sent the old man home in no
very good humor, Ix-cause he had taken his
daughter without condescending to apeak uw
kind word to him. But when lie waked next
morning, lie .saw tables covered with vessels of
gold and silver, a great retimie of eunuchs and
jiages, who otiered him thei'hoice of rich robes,
and before his gate a horse with such magnifi-
cent furniture' as is providi'd for tho.se who are
called the kings friends. All this he thought
nothing liut an insult and burlescpie upon him,
and therefore ])repared for (light ; but the .ser-
vants stopped hii.i, and assured him that the king
had given him the house of a rich nolileman
lately deceased, and that ."hat he saw was only
the first fruits — a small can. est of the fortune
he intended him. At la.^t he sulTered him.self
to be persuaded that the scene was not visionary;
he put on the i)urple, and mounu I the horse,
and, as he rode through the city, cried out, " All
this is mine." '''he inhabitants, of course, liiughed
at him : and lu; told them they should not be
surjirised at this behavior of his, but rather won-
der that he did not throw stones at them. — Pi.u-
TAKCUS POMPKV.
48S5. BICHES, Power with. Philip. It is
said that having oiui day consulted the oracle of
Delphi, he received the following answer :
" Make coin thy weai)()ns, and thou'lt corupier
all."
The advice of the priestess became his rule, and
he apj)lied it with great success. He boasted
that he had carried more places by money than
arms ; that he never forced a gate till after hav-
ing attempted to open it with a golden key ; and
that he did not think any fortress impregnable
into which a muie laden with silver could find
entrance. It has been said that he wa.s a mer-
chant rather than a conqueror ; that it wius not
Philip, but his gold, which subdued Greece, and
that lie bought its cities rather than took tliem.
He had pensioners in all the commonwealths of
Greece, and retained those in his pay who had
the greatest share in the public affairs. And,
indeed, he was less proud of the success of a bat-
tle than thiit of a negotiation, well knowing that
neither his generals nor his .soldiers could share
in the honor of the latter. — Rollin's Hibt.,
Book 14, fc; 1.
4886. BICHES slighted. Solon. [He was
one of the Seven Wise Men of Greece. He vis-
ited Sardis, and was shown the trea.sures of Cne-
sus — name proverbial for wealth.] "When So-
lon had seen all, he was brought back to the
king. C'ro'sus then asked him which of man-
kincl in all his travels he had found the most tru-
ly happy ? " One Tellus," replied Solon, " a cit-
izen of Athens, a very lionest and good man,
who, after having lived all his days without in-
digence, having always seen his country in a
flourishing condition, has left children that are
universally esteemed, has had the satisfaction of
seeing those children's children, and at la.st died
gloriously in fighting for his country." — Rol-
lin's Hist., Book 3, ch. 4.
4887. BICHES, Superseded. Grecians. [The
Persians invaded Greece.] While Xerxes was
continuing his march, some deserters from Ar-
cadia came and joined his army. The king hav-
ing asked them what the Grecians were then do-
ing, was extremely .surprised uhen he was told
580
RICHES— RIDICULE.
|r
that tlxv were employed in seeing? the games and
comhats tlien celebrating at Oiympiu ; and \m
Hiirprisc wii.s still increaNe<i when ho uii(lerstoo<l
that the victor's reward in those engageinenls
was only a crown of olive. " What men must
they he," cried one of the Persian nobles, with
griiat wonder and astonishment, " whoare intln-
enced oulv by honor, and not by money ?" —
UoMJNS llisT., Hook 0, ch. 2, %'!.
4*<§S. RICHES, Tendency of. Jkf/rfKliiif/. The
opulence of .Syl)aris was soon followed by luxu-
ry, and such a dissoluteness of manners as is
scarcely credible. The citizens emjiloyed them-
.selves in nothing but bantjuets, games, shows,
parties of ])leasure, and carousals. Pultlic; re-
wards and marks of distinction were bestowed
on tiiose who gave the most inagtnticent (Miter-
tainmcnts ; and even to such cooks as were best
skilled in the imiiortant art of making new dis-
cover' 's in dressing dishes, and inventing new
rctinements to please the ])a1ate. The Mybarites
<'arried their delicacy and elTcminacy to such a
height that they carefully removed from their
city all such artiticers whoso work was noisy,
and would not sulTer any cocks in it, hvst their
shrill i)iercing crow sliould distm"b their balmy
8lumlK.'rs. — lioi.MN's Hist., Hook ti, ch. 2,
4§«}>. RICHES, Uncertain. JHoni/.uun. It is
certain tliat Dionysius, who had seen himself
master of Syracuse, and of almost all Sicily, who
had ])()s,sesse(i immense riches, and had had nu-
merous tieets and great armies of horse and foot
under his command ; that the same Dionysius,
reduced no»v almost to beggary, and from a king
Ijecome a schoolmaster, was a good lesson for
persons of exalted stations, warning them not to
confld« in their grandeur, nor to rely too much
upon »lu!ir fortune. — Hoi.i.in's JIist., Book 10,
ch. 2, § «.
4S90. RIDICULE changed. Jiy Piiritunn.
From the Ueformation to the civil war almost
every cavalier, gifted with a line sense of the lu-
dicrous, had taken some opportunity of assailing
the straight-haired, snuffling, whining saints,
whochristeiKMi their children out of the book of
Nehemiah, who groaned in spirit at the sight of
Jack in the Grt^en, and who thought it impious to
ta.ste i)lum and porridge on Christmas day. At
length a time came when the laughers began to
looli grave in their turn. The rigid, ungainly
zealots, after having furnished much good sport
(iuring two generations, ro.se up in arms, con-
quereci, ruled, and, grimly smiling, trod down
under their feet the whole crowd oi mockers. —
Macai:l.\y'8 Exd., ch. 8, p. 871.
4§9I. RIDICULE conquered. Najwlenn T.
[See No. 5088. His aristocratic school-fellows
ridiculed his origin and poverty.] In conse-
quence; of this state of feeling, he secluded him-
self almost entirely from his i'ellow-students, and
buried himself in the midst of his books and
maps. While they were wasting their time in
dissipation and in frivolous amusements, he con-
secrated his (hiys and nights, with untiring assi-
duity, to study. He almost immediately elevated
kimself above liis companions, and by his supe-
riority commanded their respect. Soon he was
regarded as the brightest ornament of the insti-
tution. — Abhott'h Nai'oi.kon B., vol. 1, ch. 1.
4S03. RIDICULE cures Cowardice. Arab.
[When Mahomet approached Mecca with an ar-
my of followers, the inhabitants rose en masse to
resist him. J One of the olde.st of them having
refused to nnirch on account of his corpulence,
" Perfume thyself, "said his fellow-citizens, "for
thou art but a woman." He blushed at the re-
proach, and joineil the march.— liA.MAiiTiNE'a
Tlkki;v, p. 100.
4M93. RIDICULE, Defended by. Ca'snr. This
trea.son [of Cleopatra] opened Antony's eyes,
and made him, when too late, give credit to what
his friends had told him of the (jueen's perfidy.
In thi t extremity he was for .signalizing himself
by an extraordinary act of valor, capable, in his
oi)inion, of doing him abuiuhuuu; of honor Ho
sent to challenge Cie.sar to a single combat. Ca;-
.sar made answer, that if Antony was weary of
life, there were other ways to die besides that. —
Uoi.MNS Hist., Book 24, ^ 8.
4§04. RIDICULE of Greatness. Julian. As
long as the fame of the ICmperor Julian was
doubtful, the bidToons of the palace, who wero
skilled in the language of satire, tried the elflca-
cy of those arts which they had so often prac-
tised with sucicsa. They easily discovered that
his simplicity was not exempt from affectation ;
the ridiculous epithets of a hairy savage, of an
ape invested with the purple, were applied to tlnj
dress and person of the philosophic warrior ; and
his modest despatches were stigmatized as tho
vain and elaborate fictions of a loquacious Greek,
a spectdative soldier, who had studied the art of
war amid the groves of the academy. — Gibbon's
KoMK, ch. 22, p. 370.
4§95. RIDICULE, Public. Rdgnof JamfsIL
[A period of great agitation for the preservation
of the Protestant faith from the aims of a Cath-
olic king.] Tyrconnel [lord-lieut. of Ireland] had
transmitted for the royal approbation the heads
of a bill repealing the law by which half the
soil of Ireland was lield, and he had sent to
Westminster, as his agents, two of his Roman
Catholic countrymen who had lately been raised
to high judicial office : Nugent, chief justice of
the Irish Court of King's Bench, a personification
of all the vices and weaknesses whicli the Eng-
lish then imagined to be characteristic of the Po-
pish Celt ; and Rice, a baron of the Irish Ex-
{.'hequer, who, in abilities and attainments, was
perhaps the foremost man of his race and relig-
ion. The object of tho mission was well known;
and tne two judges could not venture to show
themselves in the streets. If cer they were rec-
ognized, the rabble shouted, " Roomforthe Irish
ambassadors ;" and their coach was escorted with
mock solemnity by a tnun of ushers and harbin-
gers bearing sticks with potatoes stuck on tho
points. So strong and general, indeed, was at
that time theavei-sion of the English to Ihi! Irish,
that the most distinguished Iloman Catholics par-
took of it. — Macaulay's Enc, ch. 9, p. 896.
4806. RIDICULE punished. OfJiclii/ion. [When
Methodism was first introduced into Reading,
Penn.,] tliere was a shop in the neighborhood of
the school-house where some young men used
to meet together. One of the company under-
took to mimic the Methodists. He went on to
show how they acted in tluMr meetings. Ha
shouted, clapped his hands, and then he would
show how they fell down. He then threw him-
RIDICULE-RIGHT.
>81
wlf down on the floor, and liiy tlitrc as if aslfcp.
His conipaniouH enjoyed the sport ; but after lie
had lain for some tune tlicy wondered wliy he
did not fret uj). They sliooli liiui in order to
uwake hin». Tliey saw he did not bn atlie ; tiiey
turned pale, tliey sent for apliysieian, wlio ex-
amined the man and ])rononnied liim dead. Tiiis
awful incident stopped ridicule and persecution.
— Stkvens' M. E. C'liuiu 11, vol. 3, p. 429.
4S97. RIDICULE, Eeformation by. Lois. Al-
fibiades and Nieias, wlio were j)ersons of tiie
i^reatest interest in Athens, had each his i)arty ;
i)ut perceiviilg that the people were goini; to
proceed to the Ostracism, and that one of them
■was likely to suffer by it, they consulted tog(!ther,
•ind joining interests, cau.sed it to fall upon lly-
pcrbolus [who was a mean wretch]. Hereujion
the people, full of intlignation at flncling this
kind of punishment dishonored and turned into
ridicule, abolished it entirely. — Pi.rTAHcirs
A1118TIDE8.
4§98. EIDICULE, Bevolution by. Wdsh. Tiie
Barons of Siiowdon, with other noblemen of the
mo.st considerable families in Wales, had attend-
ed Llewellyn [Prince of Wales] to London, when
he came thither at Chri.stmas, a.d. 1277, to do
liomage to King Edward. . . . Their large ret-
inues were quartered in Islington and the neigh-
boring villages. The.se places did not afford
ndlk enough for such numerous trains ; they
liked neither wine nor the ale of London, and
though plentifully entertained, were much dis-
pleased at a new manner of living which did not
suit their taste, nor perhaps their constitutions.
They were .still more offended at the crowds of
people that flocked about them when they stirred
abroad, staring .it them, as if they had been
monsters, and laughing at their uncouth garb and
appearance. They were so enraged on this oc-
casion, that they engaged i>rivately in an associa-
tion to rebel on the first opportunity, and resolved
to die in their own country rather than ever
come again to London, as subjects, to be held in
such derision ; and when they returned home
they communicated their resentments to their
compatriots, who made it the common cause of
their country. — Knight's Eno., vol. 1, ch. 25,
p. 384.
4S99. BIDICULE, Unconscious of. George III.
On the 9th of Januaiy, 1770, the Parliament was
opened by the king [George III.]. With a sin-
gular want of perception of the ridiculous, the
first words of the royal speech were these : " My
lords and gentlemen, it la with much concern
that I find myself obliged to open the ses.sion of
Parliament with acquainting you that the dis-
temper among the horned cattle has lately broke
out in this kingdom. ' — Knight's Eno., vol. 6,
ch. 19, p. 300.
4900. BIDICULE, Unfelt. Diogenes. Diog-
enes, the philosopher, when one said, "They
tleride you," answered well, "But I am not de-
rided," accounting those only to be ridiculed
•who feel the ridicule and are discomposed at it.
— Plutarcii'b Fabius Maximub.
4001. BIDICULE, Warning in. Wiitefield. In
the days of Whitetield, Thorpe, one of his most
violent opponents, and tliree others, laid a wager
who could best imitate and ridicule Whiteflelds
preaching. Each was to open the Bible at ran-
dom, and preach an extempore sermon from the
tiisl verse that presented it.self. Thori)e's three
competitors each went through the game with
imi)ious buffoonery. Then, slei)ping upon the
table, Thorpe exclaimed, " I slinii beat you all!"
They gave liini the IJible, and, by CJod's in.scru-
table providence, his eye fell lirst upon this
verse, "Except ye repent, yi^ shall all likewise
perish." 1I<' read ;lie words, but the sword of
the Spirit went through his soul in a moment,
and he preached as one who scarce knew what
he said. The hand of God hud hold upon him,
and, intending to mock, he could only fear and
tremble. Wlien he descended from the table, a
profound silence reigned in the company and
not one word was said concerning the wager.
Thorpe instantly withdrew, and after a season
of the deepest distress pa.ssed into the full light
of the Gospel, and became a most successful
preacher of its grace.
4903. BIGHT of M'.ght. Englixh K>n-h. [Ed-
ward I. attempted to limit the independence of
the ohl barons.] Immediately after his landing
he appointed a commission of iiupiiry into the
judicial franchises then existing, and on its re-
port (of which the existing " Hundred-Rolls" are
the result) itinerant justices were .sent, in 1278, to
discover by what right these franchises wercs
held. The writs of mio vnrrunio wen; roughly
met here and there. Earl Warenne l)ared a rusty
sword, and flung it on the justices' ttd)le. " This,
sirs," lie said, "is my warrant. By tin; sword
our fathers won their lands when they came over
with the Conqueror, and by the sword we will
keep them." — Hist, of Eng. Peopi.k, i^ 263.
4903. . William I IT. On the open-
ing of the contest with France, William HI.
. . . was false to the principle of liberty of the
seas, — prohibiting all commerce with Franco
— and to the protest of Holland gave no other
reply than that it was liis will, and that he had
power to make it good. — Banckoft's U. S.,
vol. 3, ch. 21.
4904.
(h'liis. To save its i)arty from
Triumph of the fiukpen-
n entire defeat,
the House
the excluded
the army interposed, and "purged"
of Commons. "Hear us, said th
members to Colonel Pride, who expelled them.
" I cannot spare time," replied the soldier. "By
what right are we arrested?" demanded they
of the extravagant Hugh Peters. " By the right
of the sword, " answered the late envoy' from Mas-
sachusetts. — Bancroft's U. S., vol. 2, ch. 11.
490fS. BIGHT by Precedent. Xapoleon I. a.d.
1803. [The British suddenly attacked all French
vessels of every kind, without previous declara-
tion of Avar, and made prisoners of seamen. The
First Con.sul retaliated by suddenly imprisoning
all Englishmen in France.] The cabinet of St.
James remonstrated energetically again.st Napo-
leon's capture of peaceful travellers upon the
land. Napoleon replied, " You have seized un-
suspecting voyagers upon the sea. " England re-
joined, "It is customary to capture everything
upon the ocean belonging to the enemy, and
therefore it is right." Napoleon answered, " I
will make it customary to do the same thing
upon the land, and then that will also be right.
—Abbott's Napoleon B., vol. 1, ch. 20.
:bb
582
RIGHT— HIOT.
II i;i
11
4906. BIOHT and Wrong. lioinidarieg. A
good action is not distinj^uished fvoni ii bad ac-
tion l)y niarii.s ho plain as those which dlstinfjuish
a hcxaijon from a S(juare. Th'To is a frontier
where virtue and vice fade into eacli other. Wiio
has ever iu'en able to iletine tlie exact boundary
between courage and rashness, between j)ru-
(lence and cowardice, between frugality and
avarice, betwc;en liberality and prodigality ?
Who has ever bec^n :i")le to say how far mercy
to offenders ought to be carried, and where it
ceascis to deserve tlie name of mercy and becomes
ft pernicious weakness V What casuist, what law-
giver, has ever been able nicely to mark the limits
of the right of self-defence ? All our jurists hold
that a certain quantity of risk to life or limb
justifies a man in shooting or stabbing an assail-
ant ; but they have long given up in dcjspair the
attempt to describe, in precise words, that quan-
tity of risk. — MAc.vuiiAv's ENCi., ch. 9, p. 368.
4907. RIGHTS aiserted. Captain WiUiain
Wadsworth. A. D. 101)3. [Fletcher, by royal com-
mission, assumed to command Connecticut train-
bands. The colonists claimed command of their
own militia.] Hartford was . . . a community of
farmers, the imnn.\ed progeny of Puritans.
William Wadsworth, the senior captain of the
town [was exercising his men]. Fletcher ad-
vances, to assume command, onlering Bayard, of
New York, to read his commission and the roy-
al instructions. It is the fortune of our Amer-
ica, that if, at any moment, the happiness of a
state depended on the will of one man, that man
was true to his duty. At the order of Captain
Wadsworth the drums began to roll, . . . The
petulant Fletcher commanded silence. " I will
not" — such had been his words to the Governor
of Connecticut — " I will not set my foot out of
this colony till I have seen his Majesty's commis-
sion obeyed." And Bayard . . . once more be-
gan to read. "Drum, drum, I say!" shouted
Wadsworth, adding, as he turned to the gover-
nor of New York, " if I am interrupted again,
I will make the sun shine through you in a
moment." [Governor Fletcher retired.] — Ban-
ckopt's U. S., vol. 3, ch. 19.
490§. RIGHTS Ignored. i?ir7;(/fc/-. Charles II.
•eemed to regard the British Empire as personal
property, to be used for the benefit of himself and
his courtiers. In order to reward the worthless
profligates who thronged his court, he began to
grant to them large tracts of land in Virginia.
What did it matter that these lands hm' 'leen re-
deemed from the wilderness and wcix < overed
with orchards and gardens ? It was no uncom-
mon thing for an American planter to tind that
his farm, which had been cidtivated for a quar-
ter of a century, wivs given away to some dis.so-
lute flatterer of the royal household. Great dis-
tress was occa.sioned by the.se iniquitous grants,
until finally, in 1673, the king set a limit to his
own recklessness by giving away the whole State.
Lord Culpepper and the Earl of Arlington, two
ignoble noblemen, received under the great seal
a deed by which was granted to them for thirty-
one years all the dominion of land and water
called Virginia. — Ridpath's U. S., ch. 12, p. 11.
4909. RIGHTS, Importance of. "Squatter
Sovereignty." In January of 1854 Senator Ste-
phen A. Douglas, of Illinois, brought before
the Senate of the I'liited States a proposition to
organize the territories of Kan.sas and Nebraska.
In the bill reported for this purpose a clause waa
in.serted providing that the people of the two
territories, in forming their constitutions, shmdd
decide for tiiemneloeii whet"iU!r the new Statea
should be free or slave-holding. Tnis was a vir-
tual repeal of the Mi.s.souri Com promise ; for both
the new territo'-ies lay north of the parallel of
30° 35'. Thus by a s'ingle stroke the old settle-
ment of the slavery-question was to be undone.
From January till May Mr. Douglas' report,
ivnown as the Kansas-Nebraska Bdl, was de-
bated in Congress. All the bitter sectional an-
tagonisms of the past were aroused in full force.
The bill was violently opposed by a majority
of the representatives from the East and North ;
but the minority, uniting with the Congressmen
of the South, enabled Douglas to carry his
measure through Congress, ancf in May of 1854
the bill received the sanction of the President. —
RiDi'ATH'sU. 8., ch. 59, p. 472.
4010. BIGHTS, Maintenance of. By ExerciM.
[When the British Parliament repealed the
Stamp Act and withdrew all the taxes except
3rf. on each pound of tea, the tea duties were re-
tained] upon the principle that there must al-
ways be one tax to keep up the right. — Knioht's
Eno., vol. 6, ch. 20, p. 310.
49 1 1 . RIGHTS, Petition of. lieign of Charles I.
[The bust Parliament but one before the Revolu-
tion.] There were, to our minds, some extraor-
dinary subjects of debate, especially on the
king's claim to commit without cause shown on
the face of the warrant. ' ' The greatest ques-
tion," exclaimed Pym, " that ever was in this
place or elsewhere !" Selden and Coke botli
spoke upon it. " What," answered Coke, "shall
I accept such law ? Shall I have a state of in-
heritance for life, or for years, in my land, and
shall I be a tenant at will, for my liberty I A
freeman to be a t*;nant at will for his freedom I
There is no such tenure in all Littleton." We
follow with earnest interest those discussions ia
which Elliot took so great and prominent a part,
out of which came into existence the immortal
Petition of Rights. These are great debates ;
greater debates are not recorded in history.
"Magna Charta is such a fellow," said Coke,
"he will have no sovereign." The great char-
ter of the people's liberties was upheld and
strengtheneci by the Petition of Rights. — Hood's
Cromwei,!,, ch. 3, p. 72.
4913. RIGHTS, Sentimental. Political. By
an apparent contradiction not difticult to recon-
cile, many of those who fought bravely for the
right of the abolitionists to be heard in Congress
by petition were yet enraged with them for con-
tinually, and, as they thought, causelessly rais-
ing and pressing the issue. They were willing
to fight for the right of the abolitionists to do a
certain thing, and then willing to fight the abol-
itionists for aimlessly and uselessly doing it.
The men who were governed by these complex
motiveswere chiefly Whigs. — Blaine's Twenty
Years of Congress, vol. 1, p. 24.
4913. RIOT, Night of. Flight of Janus IT.
[William, Prince of Orange, with an army of in-
vasion and an English army of welcome, waa
drawing near to London.] When the night — the
longest night, as it chanced, of the year — ap-
proached, forth came from every den of vice^
.
RISING— RIVALUY.
583
v-^
from tlie boar-giirdcn at Ilocklev, and from tlie
labyrinth of tippling-houses and brothels in the
Friars, thousands of housebreakers and hi^ii-
•waymen, cut-purses and ring-droppers. With
these were nungled thousands of idle appren-
tices, who wished merely for Ihr; excitement of
a riot. Even men of peaceable and honest hab-
its were impelled by religious animosity to join
the lawless part of the population ; for the cry
of No >'opery — a cry which bus more than once
endangered the existence of London — was the
signal for outrage and rapine. First the rubble
fell on the Roman Catholic places of worship.
The buildings were demolished. IJenches, pul-
pits, confessionals, breviaries, were heaped up
and set on lire. A great mountain of books and
furniture blazed on tlie site of the convent at
Clerkenwell. Another pile was kindled before
the ruins of the Franciscan hou.se in Lincoln's
Inn Fields. The chapel in Lyme Street, the
chapel in Bucklersbury, were pulled down. The
pictures, images, and crucifixes were carried
along the streets in triumph, amid lighted tapers
torn from the altars. The proces.sion bristled
thick with swords and staves, and on the point
of every sword and of every staff was an orange.
— Macaulay'8 Eno., ch. 10, p. 514.
4014. BISINO, Early. Washington. During
the whole of both his public and private life he
was a very early riser. . . . Whether as chief
magistrate or the retired citizen, we find tins
man of method and labor seated in his library
from one to two hours before day in winter and
at daybreak in summer. — Custis Washington,
vol. 1, ch. 1.
4015. BITUALISH rejected. Catholic. Many
felt a strong repugnance even to thinjjs indiffer-
ent which had formed part of the polity or ritu-
al of the mystical Babylon. Thus Bishop Hoo-
per, who died manfully at Gloucester for his re-
ligion, lon^ refused to wear the episcopal vest-
ments. Bishop Ridley, a martyr of still greater
renown, pulled down the ancient altars of his
diocese, and ordered the Eucharist to be ad-
ministered in the middle of churches, at tables
which the papists irreverently termed oyster-
boards. Bishop Jewel pronounced the clerical
garb to be a stivge dress, a fool's coat, a relic of
tlie Amorites, and promised that he would spare
no labor to extirpate such degrading absurdities.
Archbishop Grindal long hesitated about accept-
ing a mitre from dislike of what he regarded as
the mummery of consecration. Bishop Park-
hurst uttered a fervent prayer that the Church
of England would propose to herself the Church
of Zurich as the absolute pattern of a Christian
f oramunity. Bishop Ponet was of opinion that
the word bishop should be abandoned to the
papists, and that the chief officers of the purified
Church should be called superintendents. None
of these prelates belonged to the extreme section
of the Protestant party. — Macaulay's Eng.,
ch. 1, p. 47.
4016. BIVAL, A successful. Mari/ Queen of
Scots, Mary had, after a few days of marriage,
abandoned her transient fondness for the youth
she imagined she had loved, conceived a cool-
ness for Darnley [her hu.sband], and became
again prodigal of everything toward Rizzio [an
Italian musician and courtier], on whom she lav-
ished power and honors, violating the almost
sacred etiquette of the times by admitting him to
her table i:. her private apartments, and sup-
pressing the name of the king in public papers,
substituted that of Rizzio. Scotland found she
had two kings, or, rather, the nominal king dis-
appeared to give place to the favorite. — Lamak-
tine's Queen ok Scots, p. 19.
4017. BIVAL, An anioipeoted. Brother. A
btawtiful female, a matron in rank, a prostitute
in manners, had instructed the younger Andron-
icus [.son of the Greek Ilmperor Andronicus] in
the rudiments of love ; but he had reason to 8U.s-
pect the nocturnal visits of a rival ; and a stran-
ger passing through the street was pierced by the
arrows of liis guards, who were placed in ambush
at her door. That stranger was his brother.
Prince Manuel, who languished and died of his
wound; and the Emjieror Michael, their common
father, whose health was in a declining state, ex-
pired on the eighth day, lamenting the less of
both his children. However guiltless in his in-
tention, the younger Andronicus might impute
a brother's and a father's death to the conse-
quence of his own vices ; and deep was the sigh
of thinking and feeling men when they per-
ceived, instead of sorrow and repentance, his
ill-dissembled joy on the removal of two odious
competitors. — Gibbon's Rome, ch. 63, p. 177.
40 1§. BIVALBT, BoBinesi. Fulton's First
Steamboat. The Clermont was immediately put
upon the river as a packet-boat, and plied be-
tween New York and Albany until the close of
navigation, being always crowded with passen-
gers. Enlarged during the winter, she resumed
her trips in the spring of 1808, aoid continued to
run with great success, and with profit to her
owners. It was long, however, before the river
boatmen were disposed to tolera'c this new and
terrible rival. At first, it is said, they fled in
aflfright from the vicinity of the monster, fear-
ing to be set on fire or run down by her. After-
ward, regaining their courage, they made so
many attempts to destroy her that the Legisla-
ture of the State passed a special act for her pro-
tection. — Cyclopedia of Biog., p. 159.
4010. BIVALBY an Obstacle. Politics. [Dur-
ing the invasion of England by the Dutch, led
by William, Prince of Orange, J a considerable
number of peers . . . came, with Sancroft at
their head, to present a petition, praying that a
fri;e and legal Parliament might be called, and
that a negotiation might be opened with the
Prince of Orange. . . . Unexpected difficulties
arose. Halifax became first cold and then ad-
verse. It was his nature to discover objections
to everything ; and on this occasion his sagacity
was quickened by rivalry. The scheme, which
he had approved while he regarded it as his
own, began to displease him as soon as he found
that it was also the scheme of Rochester, by
whom he had been long thwarted and at length
supplanted, and whom he disliked as much as
it was in his easy nature to dislike anybody.
Nottingham was at that time much under the
influence of Halifax. They both declared that
they would not join in the address if Rochester
signed it. — Macaulay's Eng., ch. 9, p. 465.
4020. BIVALBY, Talent vs. Uoney. Home. At
the time when Pompey returned from his Asiat-
ic expedition, Caesar held the office of praetor.
The ambitious spirit of Pompey could brook
&84
ROADS— ROHHKKV,
lu'ither u superior nor iin pqiml. Crassufl, n nmn
of mean tiilents, l)ut of a restless and lunhitious
t^pirit, liiul, by nieuns of his enormous weaitli,
giiined a very con.sideraltle party to liis interest ;
Jor money at Home could always insure i)opular-
ity, and thus render even IIk- weakest of men for-
midable to the liberties of their eountry. Thus,
with the greatest ineciualily of Uilents, Pompey
)knd Crassus were rivals in the path of ambition ;
and Ciesar, who at this time iwi)ired to the consul-
ute, and was well aware that, by eourtinjj «^\elu•
sively cither of the rivals, ho infallibly nuidethe
other his enemy, showed tlie reach of his iioliti-
vai genius by artfully elTeelin^ u reeoneiliution
between ihnn, and thus securing tlie friendship
of both. — Tytlku's Hist., JJook4, eh. 1, j). 400.
4931. BO ADS, Improvement of. Jifif/n of
Cftarlea IT. It was only in tine weather that the
whole breadth of the road was available for
wheeled vehicles. Often the mud lay deep on the
right and the left, and only a narrow track of firm
ground rose above the quagmire. At such time
obstructions and quarrels were frequent, and the
])ath was sometime.s blocke<i up during a long
lime by carriers, neither of whom would break
the way. It hapi>ened, almost every day, that
coaches stuck fa.st, until a team of cattle could
l)e procured from some neigliboring farm to
tug tliem out of the slough. But in bad seasons
the traveller had to encoimter inconveniences
still more serious. — Macaulay's Eno., ch. 3,
p. 347.
4922. BOBBER, An honored. Jemiack the
Cossack. About the end of the sixteenth century
H Cossack chief of the name of Jermack, who
followed the profession of a robber, and was the
leader of a gang of banditti, was the means of
adding to the Russian empire all that immense
tract of country known by the name of Siberia.
He had long infested the Ru.ssian borders by his
depredations, till at last, being taken prisoner
with the greatest part of his followers, and con-
«lemned to suffer death, he threw himself upon
the clemency of the czar, and offered, on condi-
tion of receiving a pardon, to point out an easy
conquest of an immense extent of empire un-
known to the Russians. His offer was accepted,
the czar approved of the exi^edition, and Jer-
mack set out as the general of a regular army for
the conquest of Siberia, then in the hands of the
Tartars. This expedition was attended with all
the success that could be wished. — Tytlek'b
Hist., Book 6, ch. 34, p. 473.
4933. BOBBEBS, Honored. Reign of Charles
II, It is related how Claude Duval, the French
page of the Duke of Richmond, took to the road,
became captain of a formidable gang, and had
the honor to be named first in the royal procla-
mation against notorious offenders ; how, at the
liead of his troop, he stopped a lady's coach in
which there was a booty of four hundred poun is ;
]iow he took only one hundred, and suffered the
fair owner to ransom the rest by dancing a co-
Tanto with him on the heath ; how his vivacious
gallantry stole away the hearts of all women ;
how his dexterity at sword and pistol made him
a terror to all men ; how, at length, in the year
1670, he was seized when overcome by wine ;
how dames of high rank visited him in prison,
and with tears interceded for his life ; how the
king would have granted a pardon but for the
interference of .Judge Morton, the terror of high,
waymen, who threatened to resign his ofllce un.
Jess the law was carried into full effect ; and how,
after the execution, the corp.se lay in sUite with
nil the pomp of Ncutcheons, waxlights, black-
hangings, . . . till the sanui cruel judge who
had intereepled the mercy of the crown sent
()IHeerst()inlerce])tt!ie obsetjuies. — Macaui.av'h
Eno., ch. 3, p. 350.
4924. BOBBEBS, Hunting, niood-homuls. The
l)arislies were re([iiired to keiq) blood-hounds
tor the purpo.se of hunting the freebooters.
Many old men who were living in the middle of
the eighteenth century could well remember the
time when those ferocious dogs were common ;
yet, even with such auxiliaries, it was found im-
jjossible to track the robbers to their retreats
among the hills and morasses, for the geography
of that wild country was very imperfectly
known.— Macaulay'b Eno., ch. 8, p. 265.
4935. BOBBEBS, Success of. Reign of Charlea-
II. The public authorities seem to have been
often at a loss how to deal with the.se enterpris-
ing plunderers. At one time it was announced
in tlie Gazette that several persons who were
stronglj- suspected of being highwaymen, b\it
again.st whom there was not suftlcient evidence,
would bo paraded at Newgate in riding-dresses ;
their horses would also be sliown ; and all gentle-
men who liad been robbed were invited to inspect
this singular exhibition. On another occasion
a pardon was publicly offered to a robber if hu
would give up .some rough diamonds, of immense
value, which he had taken when he stopped the
Harwich mail. A short time after appeared
another proclamation, warning the inn-keepers
that the eye of the government was upon them.
Their criminal connivance, it was affirmed, ena-
bled banditti to infest the roads with impunity.
— Macaulay's Eng., ch. 3, p. 355.
4936. BOBBEBY excused. Arabs. The .sepa-
ration of the Arabs from the rest of mankind
has accustomed them to confound the ideas of
stranger and enemy ; pud the poverty of the land
has introduced a maxim of jurisprudence which
they believe and practise to the present hour.
They pretend that, in the division of the earth,
the rich and fertile climates were assigned to the
other branches of the human family ; and that
the posterity of the outlaw Ishmael might re-
cover, by fraud or force, the portion of inheri-
tance of which he had been imjustly deprived.
According to the remark of Pliny, the Arabian
tribes are equally addicted to theft and merchan-
dise ; the caravans that traverse the desert are
ransomed or pillaged ; and their neighbors,
s'.nce the remote times of Job and Sesostns, have
been the victims of their rapacious spirit. If a
Bedoween discovers from afar a solitary travel-
ler, he rides furiously against him, crying, with
a loud voice, ' Undress thyself, thy aunt (>ny
toife) is without a garment. " A ready submission
entitles him to mercy ; resistance will provoke
the aggressor. — Gibbon's Rome, ch. 50, p. 87.
4937. BOBBEBY, Boyal. Henry III. The
king rose above the meanness of the beggar [at
times], to do the more legitimate work of the
robber. " He seized by force on whatever was
used in the way of meat and drink — especially
wine, and even clothes — against the will of those
ROMANCE— ROMANISM.
585
vol. 1,
■wlio Hold those things." — KaMoin 's En(»
ch. 24, p. !*7
40dM. BOMANCE, Origin of. lioman TMn.
qii'Kjf. We Imve scc^ii how prodiiijioiis wti.s the
wiust(i of blood ill tlio.se expeditions [tlic Cni-
Kiides], and how few returned to their countrie.s
of those iiniiienHC swiiriiis wliich poured into liie
j'iiiAt. liut those few who did return found in
the; iidininition and up])lau.se of their counlry-
mon a his^h n.'wurd for their labors ; tlieir pimses
were .suni; by bards and miuHlrels, and their ex-
ploits recorded in ii species of coinitosition un-
known till this time, the celebrated old ito-
nianees. This species of composition was so
nnmcd from the Romance lanj^uagt;, in which
the first of these works were composed. Latin
was the vulgar tongue In France till the begin-
ning of the ninth century ; then arcse a mixed
dialect between the Latin and the Frank tongues,
which was t<!riTied liomance, and which in proc-
ess of time is now matured into the Frencli Ian-
guage.— Tytlek'9 IIisT,, Book 6, ch. 10, p. 168.
4939. BOHANISM, CItU Assamption of. Paul
IV. [In 1558 Elizabeth, Queen of England, des-
j)atchcd me.s.sengers, according to the custom of
sovereign princes, to the various European
courts, announcing her succession.] The arro-
gant Paul IV. replied to Elizabeth s messenger
that it was great boldness in her to assume the
crown without his consent, and that she must
submit all lier claims to his decision. [See No.
4939.]— Knight's Eno., vol. 3, ch. 8, p. 108.
4930. BOHANISM, DeUverance from. Prayer.
[The church service book of Edward VI. con-
tained a passage praying for deliverance] from
the Bishop of Rome and all his detestable enor-
mities. — Knioiit's Eno , vol. 3, ch. 8, p. 114.
4931. BOHANISM, Display of. Priests. When
Prince Charles was married to Henrietta Maria
of France she brought with her to England
twenty-nine priests in her train. — Knight's
Eno., vol. 3, ch. 25, p. 388.
493a. BOHANISM Hatred of. P^ign of Charles
II. That hatred had become one of the ruling
pa.S8ions of the community, and was as strong In
the ignorant and profane as in those who were
Protestants from conviction. The cruelties of
Mary's reign — cruelties which, even in the most
accurate and sober narrative, excite just detesta-
tion, and which were neither accurately nor
soberly related in the popular martvrologies —
the conspiracies a^inst Elizabeth, and, above all,
the Gunpowder Plot, had left in the minds of
the vulgar a deep and bitter feeling, which was
kept up by annual commemorations, prayers,
bonfires, and processions. It should be added
that those classes which were peculiarly distin-
guished by attachment to the throne, the clergy
and the landed gentry, had peculiar reasons for
regarding the Church of Rome with aversion.
The clergy trembled for their benefices, the land-
ed gentry for their abbeys and great tithes. —
Macaulay's Eng., ch. 2, p. 216.
4933. BOHANISM inaolted. Beign of James
II. [After the acquittal of the seven Protestant
Bishops. See No. 3031 . ] A figure made of wax
with some skill, and adorned at no small expense
with robes and a tiara, was mounted on a chair
resembling that in which the bishr.ps of Rome
are still, on some great festivals, borne through
Saint Peter's Church to the hi^di altar. His
holiness was generally accompanied by a train
of cardinals and .jesuits. At his ear stood a
buffoon disguised as a devil with horns and
tail. No rich or zealous Protestant gniilged his
guinea on such an occasion, and. if rumor could
i)e trusted, the cost of tiu; procession was some-
times not less than a thousand jiounds. After
the pope had been borne some time in stale over
tlu; head.'', of the multitude, he was committ(>d to
the (lames with great acclamation. — .Ma( ai;i,ay'h
Eno., ch. 8, p. 359.
4934. BOHANISM against Liberty. Magna
Vharta. John was comiieiled to yield to tjieir
demands ; and on the 15th day of June, 1215,
signed, at liunnymead, the ever memorable
Magna Charta, the foundati<m and bulwark of
Engl'sh lil)crty. But the ink was scarcely dry
when lhotyr.*nt comjilained bitterly to the pono
of the violence to which he had been sui)jecle(l,
and besought his interference. Innocent I III. J,
in his capacity of suzerain of England, issue(l
a bull, declaring the charter illegal, null and
void, and forbaile the king to permit and the
barons to demand the observance of its provi-
sions, under pain of excommunication. — Stii-
UENTs' Fkance, ch. 8, g 15.
4935.
Pope Innocent
— . Magna Charta. [In 1215
III. undertook to assist King
John against his Imrons, who demanded and ob-
tained the Magna Charta ; he excommunicated
them, and further proceeded by] annulling the
charter. England .said the in.solent mandate
had become a fief of the holy see, and the King
of England had no right to surrender the privi-
leges of the crown without the consent of liis
fcadal superior. [See No. 4942] — Knight's
Eng., vol. 1, ch. 24, p. 353.
4936. B0MANI8H, Oppression of. The Poi/r.
On every side were tht; evidences of the vast en-
dowments of the English Church — splendid ca-
thedrals, rich abbeys, shrines of inestimable
value, bishops and abbots .surrounded with bar-
onial splendor, ample provision for the working
clergy. And yet all the wealth of this church,
acknowledged to be greater than that of any
other church in Christendom, could not protect
the people from the irritating demands which
were generall)'^ made at the season of family
affliction, and pressed too often upon the widow
and the fatherless. The chronicler, reciting
this grievance, .says : " For the children of the
defunct should all die for hunger, and go a iK'g-
ging, rather than they would of charity give to
them the sely cow which the der.d man ought
[owned] , if had only one. " [The taking of mor-
tuaries, or corpse presents, was a species of exac-
tion which fastened upon the ciead with the
rapacity of the vulture, and reached even the
humblest in the land.] — Knight's Eno., vol. 2,
ch. 20, p. 325.
4937. BOHANISH patronized. Bi/ Jame« II.
The bishop of Loudon was suspended from his
ecclesiastical function for refusing to censure a
clergyman who had preached against the doc-
trines of the Church of Rome. Six other bishops,
having refused to publish the king's equally
fraudulent as illegal declaration for liberty of con-
science, were immediately committed to prison.
James sent an aniba.ssador to the pope, though all
T
580
HOMANISM-HOMANISTS.
corrcspondonro with Iloino wug by kw trcaHon-
iihle, and lie rt'ci-lvcd tin- pope'H tuiiuiio In Lon-
lion, who nul)li^tll<'<l piistoriil injunctions, it'id
coiiHerrateii Huvcrul Uondsli bisliops. Acutliollc
()re.sid('nt wuH appointed Ity tiio king to Magcla-
en college, OxI'oid, and on its rcfuHiil to amnit
lilni, the whole nienihers were expelled excej)!
two who complied. In Hhorf, the king's "iten-
tions were not at all disguised ; and the Uonian
("atholics began openly to boast that a very little
time would sei; their religion fully established.
— Tytlkk's Hiht., Hook (), eh. ;}('), p. 4:2.").
493M. S0HANI8M, Relief in. Samuel John-
Kon. On the Itoman (.'alholic religion he .said :
" If you join the Papists externally they will not
interrogate you strictly as to your belief in tlu'ir
tenets. No reasoning I'ai)iHt believes every
article of their faith. There is one side on
which a good man might be persuaded to cm-
brace it. A good man of a timorous disposition
in great doubt of his acceptance with God, and
pretty credulous, may be glad to be of a church
where there are so many helps to get to heaven.
I would bo a Papist if I could. I have fear
enough ; but an obstinate rationality prevents
inc. I shall never be a Papist, unless on the
near approach of d«!ath, of which I have a very
great terror. I wonder that women are not all
Papists." — lJo8WKi,i/s Johnson, p, 521.
4930. BOMANISM and the State. Sixt>i/i V.
[In 1588,1 Poi)e Sixtus V^ nuide a solemn treaty
with Philip II. [of Spain], and proniLsed him
an enormous subsidy, to be paid when he had
taken any English port. The warlike pontiff
was equally ready with his spiritual weapons.
He published a new bull of excommunication
against Elizabeth, and called all Catholics to a
crusade against England, as for a holy war
against the Infidel. They came from all lands
where the doctrines of the Reformation had
never taken root, or had been extirpated — they
came, needy adventurers with high-sounding
names, ready to light for the true faith, and to
have each a dainty plot of the English garden.
They thought less of the plenary indulgences
promised for their voluntary service than of the
stores of wealth that would reward their valor,
when the Jezebel, the accursed queen, should be
hurled from her throne, and the pope should
have bestowed her crown upon Philip or his
nominee. — Knioht's Eno., vol. 3, ch. 14, p. 217.
[See Cau.se, at No. 4929.]
4040. . Boniface VIIT., In August,
1296, Issued his famous bull " Clericis laicos,"
by which the clergy were forbidden to furnish
princes with subsluios or any kind of pecuniary
contribution without the permission of the Holy
See, and any layman of whatever rank, demand-
ing or accepting such payment, was ipso facU>
excommunicated. — Students' Franck, ch. 9,
§ 16.
4941.
fi!il)er-Snvereif/n .
rinr
cluri
inno-
cent III.] assumed the regency of Sicily during
a minority. He decided between rival claim-
ants to the imperial crown of Germany, first set-
ting up one prince and then deposing him. He
excommunicated Philip [II.] of France for an
unlawful marriage, and compelled him to take
back his repudiated wife. — Knight'8 Enu.,
vol. 1, ch. 23, p. 337.
4949. . Innocent III. [In 1208
Inno(>ent III. interdicted all the (iiurchcs of
England. King John did not yieUi, and in 1813
he was excoir.inunicated. Inno(;ent proceeded,]
absolving his va.ssals from their feulty, exhort-
ing all Ohrlslian princes and barons to assist In
(h'throning him, and exccmimunicating those
who held any Intercourse with him. . . .
All the ordinary operations of law were siis-
|>ended. There was inij)unity for crime. There
was no safety for property. [See No. 4035.] —
Knioht's En(i., vol. 1, ch. 23, p. 341.
4043. BOMANISM vi. the State. Innocent
Iff. [Innocent III. was pope in 1207 ; he wiui
not satisfied with s|)iritual power,] unless ho
could render that power an instrument for tho
subjugation of every European state to a humil-
iating sub.servleiicy. This principle, as express-
ed by himself in a memorable letter, was that
" as God created two luminaries, one superior
for the day, and the other inferior for the night,
which last owes its splendor entirely to the first,
so he has disposed that the regal dignity should
be but a reflection of the pai)al authority, and
entirely subordinate to it." — Knioht'b Eno.,
vol. 1, ch. 23, p. 337.
4044. . Knr/land [In 1142] Mi-
lo. Earl of Hereford, hius demanded money
of the Bishop of Hereford to pay his troops.
The bi.shop refu.ses and Mllo then seizes his
lands and goods The bishop then pronounce-i
sentence of excommunu.atlon against Mllo and
Ills adherents, and lays an interdict upon tho
whole country subject to the earl's authority.
We might ha.stily think that the solemn curse
pronounced against a nation, or a district, was
an unmeaning ceremony, with Its " bell, book,
and candle," to terrify only the weak-minded.
It was one of the most outrageous of the nu-
merous ecclesiastical tyrannies. . . . Under an
interdict, all churches were shut. No knell wa-s
tolled for the dead, for the dead remained un-
burled. No merry peals welcomed the bridal
processions, for no couple could be joined in
wedlock. The awe-stricken mother might have
her infant baptized, and the dying might receive
extreme unction. But all public offices of the
church were suspended. The whole kingdom
was placed by the pope under edict [in 1208].—
Knioht's Eng., vol. 1, ch. 18, p. 267.
4045. . Assumption. Dr. Llngard
explains how the popes came to assume the power
of deposing kings. They were at first contented
with spiritual censures ; but when all notions of
justice came to be modelled upon the feudal prin-
ciples, it was maintained that sovereigns, who
held their fees from God, became traitors by
disobedience ; that as traitors they ought to for-
feit their kingdoms or fees ; and that the pontiff,
the vicegerent of God upon earth, had the right
to pronounce sentence against them for the vio-
lation of fealty. — Knight's Enu., vol. 1, ch. 23,
p. 341.
4046. BOMANISTS, Alliance of. Oat7i. [Af-
ter the discovery of the gunpowder plotj all
Roman Catholics who had been convicted of
recusancy, and all who liad not received the
sacrament twice In twelve months in a Protes-
tant church, were also required to take an oath
of allegiance. In this oath the pretended power
of the pope to absolve subjects from their obedi-
1W)MANISTS-1UIN.
587
ence wnM to Imj t;xprcs«ly rfiiounced. — KNKiirr'H
En<i., vol. :{, ell. '22, i>. -.VAH.
4047. E0MANI8T8 denounced. Croinifdl.
fH(! siiys till' pritiiiplf] l>c>;ins id Ik* exploded
tliiit people iiru for kiii^s iiiid churciies, mid
Hiiiiits are fortiK! pope or elitirclniieii. He goes
oil ill llii.H itnpitNsioiied strtiiii: " How dure you
HHHtinie to eall tlies*! men your llockH whom
fou have )ilunged into no liorrid ii rebellion
in 1U;(1>, in the interests of Charles II., and
Hgainst the (.'ommonwealtlij by whiih you
liave made them and tlu; country almost a
ruinous jieap '! and wiiom you liavc tieeced,
and polled, and peeled hitherto and make; it
your business to do so still. You cannot feed
them, you |)oison them with your falstt, alioni-
iimlile, aiiti Christian doctrines and practices.
You keep the Word of Ood frrmi them, and
instead thereof jifivo them your .scnsele.>*s or-
ders and traditions. — Knioiit's Eno,, vol. 4,
ch. 0, p. 120.
49 IM. B0HANIST8, Plot of. Amimntttion.
[Inl8«0 ilwas arranged by the Homani.sts that
an English offlcer by the name of Savage should
assjissinate Queen Elizabeth, and c()nfederal<'s
would liberate Catholic Mary Queen of Scots.
The plot was changed. It was thought to be a
plan of too mucli importance to be h'ft to the
resolution of one man. It was arranged that si.\
should engage in that service. The government
frustrated their plan, and the execution of con-
spirators followed.]— Kxioiit's Eno., vol. 'i,
ch. 13, p. 187.
4949. BOYALTT, Atrocity of. Constantino-
pie. Con.'^tantinople ilscflf was for some ages
the theatre of di.sgraceful resolutions, achieved
by the most atrocious crimes. The attention
dwells with horror on the bloody tragedies of
this period : one emperor as-sassinated in re-
venge of murder and incest ; another poisoned
by his own wife ; a third stabbed in the bath
by his servants ; a fourth plucking out the
eyes of his brothers; a mother the murderer
of her own son, that she might herself enjoy his
throne. Of such complexion was that series of
sovereigns who swayed the empire of the East
for nearly two Inindred years. Under all these
misfortunes Con.stantinople still remained the
most populous, the most opulent, and the most
polished city of Christendom, It was probably
Indebted for its welfare, amid all these distresses,
to its exten.sive commerce, the con.seqticnce of
its situation, which gives it the command of
two .seas. — Tytlkk'sHist., Book 6, ch. 4, p. 92.
4950. ROYALTY, Maternal. Knpolfon I.
Soon after Napoleon's assumption of the impe-
rial purple, he happened to meet his mother in
the garden of St. Cloud. The emperor was sur-
rounded with his courtiers, and half playfully
extended his hand for her to kiss. " Not so,
my son," she gravely replied, at the same time
presenting her hand in return ; " it Is your duty
to kiss liie hand of her who gave you life." —
Abbott's Napoleon B.,vo1. 1, ch. 1.
4951. ROYALTIES, Miseriee of. Stilartn.
During the period of their separate .sover-
eignty over Scotland, but three of the race es-
caped a violent death. The first of them who
aspired to the crown of Great Britain was by
an English monarch doomed to death on tlu;
HcafToUl ; her grandson was beheaded in the
name of the English i)eoi>le. The next in tint
line, long a needy exile, is reniemlM-red chietly
for his vices ; and as if a domestic; crime alono
could avenge tht; national wrongs, .lames II.
was reduced from royally to beggary by tlio
conspiracv of his own children. — Ba.ncuokt'h
U. S., vol :), ch. H>.
495tl. ROYALTY overthrown. Pulnre at
Mildn. A.I). ITWIi. |Tlie Auslrians were de-
feated at Lodi ; the Archd\ike Ferdinand and
his duchess tied. | The moment they had de-
parted republican zeal burst forth unrestrained.
The tricolored cockachi seemed sudcUinly t(»
hav(> fallen, as by magic, upon the hats and
caps of the nudiitude, ... "A placard wafl
upon the i)alace — "This house to let; for tlio
keys api)ly to the French Comndssioner " [Na-
poleon Bdnaparte].— Abbott's Nai'oi.kon B.,
vol. 1, ch. T).
4053. ROYALTY, Reiected. Statue of George
III. The Declaration [of Independence] waH
read on the l»th [of July] to e\ery brigade in
New York City. . . . In the «'veidng a mob,
comi)osed in part of soldiers, threw down tho
•'(piestriun statue of George III., which stood
in the Bowling Green, and the lead of which it
was formed was cut in pieces to be run Into
bullets. The riot offended Washington, and
was rebuked in general orders. — Banchokt's
U. S., vol. », v\\. i.
4954. RUIN, An ezpreiiive. Rome. [In tho
fifteenth century.] This spectacle of the world,
how is it fallen 1 how changed ! how ilcfacedl
The path of victory is obliterated by vines,
and the benches of the senators are concealed
by a dunghill. Cast your eyes on the Palatine
Hill, and seek among the shapeless and enor-
mous fragments the marble theatre, the obe-
lisks, the colo.ssal statues, the porticos of Nero 'a
palace ; survey the other hills of the city ; the
vacant space is interrupted only by ruins and
gardens. The forum of the Roman people,
where they assembled to enact their laws and
elect their magistrates, is now enclosed for tho
cultivation of pot-herbs, or thrown open for the
reception of swine and buffaloes. The publ iC
and private edifices that were founded for
eternity lie prostrate, naked, and broken, like
the linibs of a mighty giant ; and the ruin is tho
more visible from the stupendous relics that
have survived the injuries of time and fortune.
— Gibbon's Rome, ch. 71, p. 517.
4955. RUIN, Inevitable, lieirin of James IT.
[At the trial of the seven bishops who refused
to aid the king in overthrowing the Protestant
(Uiurch.] The jury was sworn ; it consisted of
persons of highly respectable station. The fore-
man was Sir Roger Langley, a baronet of old
and honorable family. With him were joined
a knight and ten esquires, several of whom are
known to have been men of large possessions.
. . . One name excited considerable alarm, that
of Michael Arnold. He was brewer to the palace,
and it was apprehended that the government
counted on his voice. The story goes that ho
complained bitterly of the position in which ho
found himself. " Whatever I do," he said, "I
am sure to be half riuned. If I say Not Guilty,
I shall brew no more for the king ; and if I say
r>HH
hl'in-ium:i{
Oiiilty, I mIihII brew no mnri- for iiiivlxMly cNc"
I'l'llf IliaSHfS of tll(> IMMipIc hIiIciI wltll till' hjsli
o|w. |— Macai'Lavh Knu., ell. M, p. ;H7.
<lf>>l(i. RUIN, National. //// /''.f/Kiimiun. In
^riiioiiM nirii riiity pninl, mil ii varii'ty of iiitrr-
mil liM well lis cxIiTiiul circiiiiiMliiiii'i's, ^vlli('||
liml llicir opcnilioii in pi'iMJiirin^' the (liillnc,
iinil lit Icn^ctli tlir ruin of tliin iniinciisi' fnliric ;
liiiltlu'Y iniiy lie all rrdiicrd lo one Nin^r|it Ih-ikI.
'I'lii; fall of ilii! Koniaii ( in|>iri; was Hit' incvilii-
l)l(! clTrct of ilH ovcrj^rown extension. 'I'lie
eoinnionweiiltli siiliHlsleil liy tlie virtuous and
piitriotii; ardor of tliii citi/.eiiN ; but the passion
for eonquest, wliieli at first found Nulllcient
Heopo in the doniestit! war iinioni; the Italian
Htiites, was, after their reduction, neeessarlly ex-
tended to II distiinei-. Ueinote dominion ntlaxed
the patriotic alTetition, which of necessity irnw
tlio weaker, the niort! extensive! were its objects.
The vices of the coiiipiered nation infected the
victuriouH legions, and foreign luxuries corrupt-
I'd thuir coininiiiiders. Kelllsh interest took the
pliico of public virtue ; tlie (HMiple were enslav-
ed by despoUs, who, regarding iw tlm first object
the sticurity of their own power, found it often
their wineHt ])oliey to abitsc; that martial s|iirit
which was no less formiihiblo to the matter of
the state than to its fonMgn enenues. Thus the
military character of the UumaiiH wt-nt gradually
to decay, because it was purposely depre.s.sed by
the empitrors ; and thus their extensive ilotnin-
ions, wanting their necessary support of brave,
of virtuous, and of disciplined troops, fell an
eiusy prciy to that tornjiit of barbarians which
overwhelmed them. — Tyti-ku's Hist., Book 5,
ch. 5, p. 21.
JOAT. BULEB, A capable. KiUhnr. In 1494
Henry [VII. | took the country in hand. !Sir Ed-
ward Poynings, a tried soldier, was despatched
aa deputy to Ireland with troops at liis buck.
English ollicers, English judges, were quietly
sent over. Tlic lords of the pale \\vyi\ scared by
the s(!i/.ure of their leader, the Earl of Kildare.
. . . The time had not yt^t come when England
wa.s .strong enough to hold Ireland by her own
str(!ngth. For a while the lords of the pale must
still serve as the English garri.son against the un-
conquercd Irish, and Henry called his prisoner
Kildare to his presence. " All Ireland cannot
rule this man," grumbled his ministers. " Then
shall he rule all Ireland," liiuglied the king, and
Kildare returned as lord-deputy to hold the
(ountry lo^'iilly in Henry's name. — Hist, ok
EnO. f^EOI'LK, $^ 4»8.
495§. BULEB, Conceited. James II. James
was always boasting of his skill in what he called
kingcraft ; and yet it is hardly possible even to
imagine a course more directly opposed to all
the rules of kingcraft than that which he fol-
lowed. The policy of wise rulers has always been
to disguise strong acts under popular forms. It
was thus that Augustus and Napoleon established
absolute monarchies, while the public regarded
them merely as eminent citizens investea with
temporary magistracies. The policy of James
was the direct reverse of theirs. He enraged
and alarmed his Parliament by constantly telling
them that they held their privileges merely dur-
ing his pleasure, and that they had no more busi-
ness to inquire what he might lawfull}' do than
(he Deity might lawfully do Vet
li'il bifore them. — .M.\( aui.av'h Kno., ch,
ho
1.
what
qua"
p. (IM.
4059. RULER, Embarrai' <id. I'niu-f .,f \Vnl,'»,
The Scotch I'arliiimeiit, c. .iipnscd of faniiticiil
Presbyterians, as hostile to tluiindepeiidiiit faith
of Croinwell \\n to the niipacy itst'lf, treated for
the throiii' with Hie I'rlnceof VVales. They only
rcipiired of him, in acknowledgment of his reH-
toration in Scotland, the recognition of their na-
tional Church. This Church was a species of
biblical mysticism, savage, iind calling itself in-
spired, founded on the ruins of tli(! Komisli faith
by a [irophet named John Knox, with Hie sword
in his hand, excommunicution on his lips, and
superstition in his heart — the true religion of
civil wiir, replucing one intolerance by iinollier,
and adding to tlu! natural ferocity of Hie people
the most ridiculous a.ssumption of extreme .saiuv
til v. Ncotland at that time resembied a Hebrew
trilie, governed by a leader a.ssuming divine in-
spiration, interpreted tlirough his disciples and
jiriesls. . , . The I'rince of Wales, young, hand-
some, thoughtless, voluptuous, and unbelieving
— a true English Alcibiades — condemned to gov-
ern a nation of bigoted and cruel scctarists, lies-
ilated to accept a throne which ho could only
keep by feigning the hypocrisy and fanallcisni
of his pnliament, or by rashly repudiating the
yoke ot Hk; clergy.— Lamaktink'b Ciio.mwkll.
p. 50.
4960. BULEB, An excellent. Saladin. Egypt,
Syria, and Arabia were adorned by the royal
foundations of hos|)itals, colleges, and mostpies,
iiikI Cairo was fortith'd with a wall and citadel ;
but bis works were consecrated to public use :
nor did \\w sultan indulge himself in a ;;rardea
or palace of private luxury. In a fanntic age,
himself a fanatic, the genuine virtues of Saladiu
coinnmiuled the esteem of the ('hristians ; the
Emperor of Germany gloried in his friendship;
the Greek einiieror solicited his alliance ; ana
the conquest of Jerusalem diffused, and perhaps
magnified, his fame both in this East and West.
— Gihuon's Rome, ch. 59, p. 23.
4961. BULEB, A foolish. JiisUninn II. [Of
Constantinople.] The name of a triumphant
lawgiver was dishonored by the vices of a boy,
who imitated his namesake only in the expensive
luxury of building. His passions were strong ;
his understanding was feeble ; and he was intox-
icated with a foolish pride that his birth had
given him the command of millions, of whom
the smallest connnunity would not have chosen
him for their local magistrate. His favorite min-
isters were two beings tlie least susceptible of hu-
man sympathy, a eunuch and a monk ; to the
one he abandoned the palace, to the other the
finances ; the former corrected the emperor's
mother with a scourge, the latter suspended the
insolvent tributaries, with their heads down-
ward, over a slow and smoky fire. — Qibbon's
Rome, ch. 48, p. 577.
4963. BULEB, A great. Alfred the Great.
[;See No. 5876.] Alfred, whether we view him
in his public or private character, deserves to be
esteemed one of the best and greatest of princes.
He united the most enterprising and heroic spirit
with the greatest prudence ana moderation ; the
utmo.st vigor of authority with perfect affability
HULKH.
A89
ho
1.
mill 11 iiKiMt winnini; tlipiirtiiu'iit ; tlic iih>nI vx-
^tiinlnry Jiiittia) witli tin; ^rciitcNt Imitv. Ilin
civil talcntN wore In »'V«'ry rcH|»c( t i'(|iial lo IiIm
niilltiiry virtu(>fi. Ilo fixiiid llic kiiiKilnin in tli<<
iiKiMt inlHcrutilu ooiiditioii to which uimrchy, ilo-
nicNtic harhuriitiii, unil fi)rci);ii hoNtility coiilil re-
duce it ; by the viilnr of his uriii/i. iind hy UU
nbllltlcs itH II politician and law^rivcr, he hroii^ht
ll to a ))ilch «(f einlncncc and kI'^V which, till
then, Ktij^laml had never altaiiicd. The outlines
of hlMadiiilrahln plan of political economy merit
particular attention, im heiii^', in fact, the foiin-
<lHtion of tilt) venerahht NVHtem of the liritiNh
('oiiHtiliilion. Alfred, In short, in every view
of IiIh cliaract(!r, must he re>,'arde(l as one of the
wisest and In-Ht of men that ever occupied llie
throneof any nation. — Tyti.kii'h liinr., Hook 0,
ch. 5, p. I0l>.
'I06». . C/iKrUn \r,nUI. CharleM
Martel jfoverned Fiaiu e for about tliirtv years
with great wiHdoni, spirit, and ability. \U' was
victorious over all his intestine foes ; he kept in
awe the neighboring nations ; Ik- delivered Ids
country from the ravages of the Saracens, whom
lieentirely defeated bei ween 'I'ours and I'oictiers
— thiisaverting the iinmiiient dangerof Malioin-
etanism overs|)reMdiiig Western JMirope ; and he
died hniiored and lauienled. — Tyti.ku'h Hist,,
Hook ♦(, ch. 2, J). 51).
'flftOI. . Citinitc. Canute, from the
extent 'if hi.s dominions, was one of the greatest
moiiarchs of the age. lie was xovereign of Den-
mark, Norway, and Kngland. Mis cluiracttT, as
King of Kngland, was not uniform, llewa.s,
in the first years of his reign, detested by his siib-
jeclH, whom he loaded with the heaviest faxes,
and exa.sp(!rated by numberle.ss acts of violence
and oi)i)res.sion. In liis hifer years his admin-
istration was mild and ('(piilabie. — Tyti.ku's
lIiHT., Hook fl, ch. 6, p. 11:5.
4fNtA. BULEB, A horrible. J\V/y>. How lie
sought to revive tlie flagging pul.se of exhausted
pleasure by unheard-of enormities, and strove to
make sliamu shameless by undisguised public-
ity ; how lie put \o death the lust de.scen hint of
Augu.HtuH, the last descendant of Tiberius, and
the last descendant of the ('liiudii ; how he end-
ed the bri(!f but heart-rending tragedy of the life
of Octavia by defaming her inno(;ence, driving
\wT to tlu! island of I'andataria, and there enforc-
ing her a.ssiussination under circumstances so .sad
as might have moved the hardiest villain to tears ;
liow lie hiustened by jioison the death of Hurrus,
and entrusted the vast power of the Pra-t irian
command to Tigellinus, one of the vilest of the
human race ; how, when he had exhausted the
treasures amassed by the dignified economy of
(-"laudius, he tilled his coffers by contiscating'the
estates of innoc(!nt victims ; how \w caused the
death of his .setjond wife, Poppiea, by a kick in-
flicted on her when she was in a delicate condi-
tion ; how, after tlie detection of the conspiracy
of Piso, he seemed to revel in blood ; liow he
ordered the death of Seneca ; how, by the exe-
cution of Pae'vus Thrasca and Barea Soranus, he
strove to extinguish the last embers of Roman
magnanimity, and to slay " virtue itself ;" how
wretches like Vatinius became the cherished fa-
vorites of his court ; how liis reign degenerated
into one perpetual orgy, at once monstrous and
vulgar — into these details, fortunatclv, we neec".
not follow his awful career. . . Probably no
man who ever lived Iiiim crowded into fourteen
yearM of life ho black u catiiUigiieof ininuitleit m
thisCollot d'llerbolH u|miii uii imperial throne. —
Faiiuauh Kaiii.y Days, ell. 'A, p. 2M,
1066. BULIB, An independent. Jamm T.
•Tames was a tirin believer In the divinity which
doth make a king ; but It must Heein tn>metliliif(
Murprising that, however Hcotiaiid might how
down graciously to such follies, Kngland should
yield as compliantly to his will, ills reply to
his first counsellors upon his arrival in Knglanil
is well known: "Do I mak th(! .luiigi's? dn
I mak the Hishops V then, (hid is w aims I I
mak wiiat likes me, law and gospel." Coinment'
ing upon this, .lolin KorHter, in his " Statestneu
of Kngland," says, " h(> was not an absulute fool,
and litliit more can be said of him." — llooit'tt
CllOMWKI.I,, ( h. 'i,, p. ;{((.
V»Wt. BULEB, A moniter. M,ih„mrt 11 f. Ma-
homet II I., the successor of Aiuuiatli, began his
reign like a monster, by strangling nineteen of
his brothers, and drowning twelve of his father's
concubines, on fhi! supposition of their being
pregnant. Yet this barbarian supported tlu! dig-
nity of the empire and exteiiih'd its dominions.
— TvTi.KKH Ihsr., Hook (I, ch. 'Z'.\. p. iWO.
496M. BULEB, Natural, dni/ntl llraiit. His
fallier being poor, as soon as riys.Hcs was able
to li(!lp him he was put to work, to the neglect
of his education. At the agi! of eight he was
tiiiight to drive a team, and at ten was luicus-
tomed to drive one from (Jeorgetowii — to which
l)la(!e his father had removed — to Cincinnati, a
distance of forty miles, and bring a load back. —
HkADI.KY'H OKNKUAI, (jIlANT, \). 2(1.
4069. BULEB, Popular. Kinprror Adrian. On
his return to Rome, his conduct was such as to
ingratiate him with every rank of the citixens.
He remiffcMl all the debts due to the treasury for
the liLst .sixteen years, by burning flu- recordsand
obligations. He bestowed lilieral presents upon
tho.se amongst fheancifMit families who had full-
en into indigence, and appointed new funds for
the maintenance and edu<;atioii of the children
of the jjoor. He then undertook a jjrogress
through all the proviiu^es of the empire, rejire.ss-
ing abuses, and sliidiou'Jy relieving the people
wlierever he found the taxes too heavy or exor-
bitant. He rebuilt many cities which had been
destroyed or had fallen into ruin. Among the
rest hi; rebuilt .leru.salem, which he named ^fjliit
Ctipittiliiut. In these progresses through his do-
minions, sf) careful was he in avoiding every-
thing which might distress the provinces, that
he \ise(l no equi|)age or show, but travelled on
foot and lived with the frugality of a common
soldier. This exemplary conduct made him be-
loved and respect(ul by his subjects, as much
as he was formidable to the enemies of the em-
l)ire from his courage and resolution. His pop-
ularity became so great that he stood not in need
of the ensigns of power and autliority. The
guards, and the fa.sces he deemed superfluous to
him who made it his study to reign, not over
the persons, but over the hearts of his subjects.
— Tyti.eu's Hist., Book 5, ch. 1, p. 497.
4970. . Charlemagne. This great
prince was no less respectable in his private than
in his jiublic character. He was a man of Um
6UU
UrLKIl-Hri.KUS.
moHt uniinlil<> (tli*poHitli>nN, nml tlicrr never wiin
K noveretKii to wlioiii IiIn Miil>Je('tN were iiuire itt
bicheit friitii cotiNlilerulldii of |)i'rMr)niil re^iird.
IIIh Hcrrctury iiikI liiMtnrian, KKinliiul, ^{vvh h
iH-iiutlfiil |il('tiirc of liii <loiiteMlic life, iitxl tlie
(•(■oiioiiiy of his fiiinily, wiilcli Ih (■ImritcleriMtic
of nil ii^e of ifreiit Miiiipilcily. He never rode
iiliroiid willioiil lielii^ iilleiideil )iy Ids nomh and
duiiKlilcrH ; the former lie iiiNinicled In all man
ly exeiclseH, In whhh he himself was purllcM
Inrly Nkllled ; and his daii>;hlerH, aeeordui^ to
theNlmple manners of the times, were assiduous
ly employed In the various laliors of housewife
ry, particularly in spinnini; wool wllh the dls-
tatT, For his children he indulpd in ail the af-
fection of the fondest parent, and he liore the
)>r(^nuilure loss of some of Ihem with less mn«
nuidmity than nd^ht have lieeti expected from
HO heroic a ndiid. 'rvTi.KU'ri IIiht.. Itook (I,
<'h. U, p. 7!l.
40TI. R'JLER, A righteoui. Ihininh Kiiifi. A
letter which (nut wrote after twelve years of
rul*! to Ids Kn^dlsh sulijecls marks the >(randeur
4*f Ids character and the nohle ( onceptlon he had
formed of kin^^ship. " I have vowed to Ood to
lead II rl^ht life in ail tldnj^x," wrote tlie kin>r,
"to rule Justly and piouslv my realms iinil hiiIi-
IeetH, 1111(1 to administer Just Judgment to ail.
f heretofore 1 have done iiujjfhl heyond what
was just, tliroui,di headiness or neffHi^encc- of
youth, I am ready, willi Ood'slKtlp, to amend it
utterly." No royal ollleer, eitlier for fear of the
kiii^ or for favor of any. Is to consent to in)\is-
tlce, none is to do wronj; to rich or poor, "as
they would value my friendship and their own
welllxdiif;." \lv es,,e(ially denounces unfair
<'Xactions : " I hiivi' no need that money he
lieiii)ed lo^etlier forme'oy unjuHt (U'lnands. " " I
have sent this letter heforf me," ('nut ends," that
all the jH-ople of my realm may rejoicis in my
■well-doiii;; ; for ns you yourselves know, never
have I spared, nor wil' I sjjare, to spend myself
and my toil in what is needful and good for my
jieople." {'nut's fjreatest gift to his people was
tliut of peace. With him began the long inlernal
trurciuil'ity which was from this time to be thi!
keynote of the national history. [Hate, early
in the eleventh century.] — Hist, ok Eno. Pko-
PLK, 5^ 87.
4973. BULER, Ruinoui. ITmllim. After hi.<'
enfranchisement from an oppressive guardian,
John Pahi'ologus remained tliirty-si.K years ■:u\
helpless, and, as it should seem, the careless hi;i
tjitor of the public ruin. Love, or rathe- I'l.,
was his only vigorous piLssion ; and in the • a-
brares of tlie wives and virgii\s of the city, the
Turkish slave forgot the di.shc/ior of the emperor
«f the liomnna [of the Eastern empire]. — Giu-
bon'8 Rome, ch. 04, p. 242.
4973. RULER, A ahameleu. Charles IF. A
king might be pardoned for anuising his leisure
with wino, wit, and beauty, but it was intolerable
that he should sink into a mere suunterer and
voluptuary ; that the gravest affairs of state
Rhould be neglected, and that the public service
should be starved and the finances deranged in
order that harlots and parasites might grow rich.
— Macaulay's ENO.,ch. 2, p. 177.
4974. RULER, A iplrited. CfiarlfsXlL [After
the defeat of the Swedes at Pultowu 1 Charles,
a fugitive, with n few followem, oroMwd th*
river I>nelper, and nought an iiNylum in the (!(.•
minions of the grand Ncignior, Ia'I us now mark
the conduct of Charles In Hwedeii, where it
was not known whether their king was dead or
alive, the regencv had thoughtH of capitulating
with thec/ar. When Chiirles heard of this pro-
posal, he wrote to the senate that h(< would Ncnd
them one of his boots to govern them. WithhiH
fcelile train of followers, who amounted only to
IHiM) men, he formed a small camp near Mender,
from V hence he endeavored to prevail wiili tho
court of Consiantinople to arm in his favor
against llie Uusslans.— Tv ii.i.ii'h IIiht., Hook ti,
ch. a.". i« iMd.
J975. .1ULER, A lupflrior. l/n,ri/ VII. Tho
lU'iiiv of Uichnionil sang a hvmnlnttud upon
the held of battle |of llos\soi'lh I, and with thn
loudest aci'lamations proclaimed him as jleiwy
\'ll. King of Kngland. 'i'hisauspicinus day put
an end to lln' civil wars between the houses of
York and Lancaster. Henry, bv marrying the
Princess Kli/.abeth, daughter of Edward IV.,
united In his own person the Interests and righlti
of both these families. This excellent i)rince,
who kiP'w how to govern as well a.s to coiupier,
wasoneoflh«' best monan lis that ever reigned
in Kngland. Thenation, un<ler his wiseand [lo-
litic administration, soon recovered the wounds
It had sustained in those imhappv contestN.
The parliaments which he asseinliled made
tli(; most salutary laws, the peo|)le |iaid their
taxes witliout reluctance, the nobles wen; kept
in due subordination, and that spirit of commer-
cial indiiHlry for which the English have been,
in lliese latter ages, justly distinguished, began
to make vigorous advances under the reign of
Henry \'1I. The only failing of this nrincc! wilh
an economy, perha|>s too rigid, which, in IiIh
latter years, degenen led even intoavarice ; and
thougli his iixeswere not oppressive, \w left ia
tlie treasury, at his death, .lo less than two mill-
ions sterling. — Tvti. Kit's IIiht., Book ((, ch. 14,
p. 22H.
4976. RULERS, Change of. " I'onthw'.H War."
The French had won the affections of the sav-
ages by their pliability and their temi)eiance, and
retained it by religions influence ; they seemed
no more to be masters, but comi)anions and
friends. [The French weredriven out of Canada
and liie west by the English.] More formidable
enemies now appeared, arrogant in their j>reten-
sions, .seotling in.solently at tho.se whom they
su[)eiseded, driving awaj' their (Jatholic i)riestH,
and introducing the traffic in rum, wliich tilt
then had been eirectually ;)rohibited. [War fol-
lowed.] — Hancuoft'h C S., vol. 5, ch. 7.
4977. RULERS, Ma-jy. Si j- Emperors . For the
first, and indeed for the last time, the Uoman
world was administered by six emperors. In
tho West, Con.stantine and !Maxeutius affected to
reverence their father Maximian. In the East,
Licinius and Maximin honored with more real
consideration their benefactor Galerius. The op-
po.sition of interest and the memory of a recent
war divided the empire into two great hostile
powers ; but their mutual fears produced an
apparent tranquillity.— Gibbon's Rome, ch. 14,
p. 466.
49711. RULERS, Precise and parental. John
Ilmcard. He began the education of his son aL
lUr-EltH— HAHIUTII.
601
in<Mt nn Koon hm tlir; clillil wiim dM i'ikmi^Ii to
iiiHiiiffHt n prcfcrciict'. lie Iniil It ilnwii uh an
iiitloxibU' mil- tliiit llic liifiint hIioiiIiI liiivc iiotli
iiiK that it irlnl for -an «'X<i'll»'nt prliiclplr
wlicn It Is not <'arrif<l too far, liiit one witlcli Im
iniich Ix'ltt'r fiirorird by a nioliiir than afalliir.
A niolhcr (Iim-m not usually lay down <(/<// Inlli'X
]\t\n riilo for llii^ eoviTiinicnt of a vi-rv yonn^
cliild, l)iit varicM Inr Inalniriit wllli Ihc orca
vlon. I'I'liK Non lii'catni' Ids ratliri''H Hlianic and
Korrow. 1 -('Yi'i.orKKiA ok Hioh,, p. tlM.
4»7ft. BULIR8, RfliponiiblUty of. Il< iijn of
i'harli* II, 'I'lic prrvidlln^r discntitcnl was coni-
)ioundc<l of many fi'i'lln;(H, Onr of Ihcsc was
wounded nallonal |)rldt>. That pticratlou had
ti«Tn Kn^iand, during h few years, allied on eipiul
terms with France, victorious over Holland and
Hpaln, the ndsl.'ess of the sea, the terror of Itonie,
Ihu head of the Protestant interest. Her rv
Kources had not dindnished ; and it ini^ht have
iH^en expected that she would have heen at least an
Id^hiy considered in Kuropi! under a legitimate
kiiiK, strong in the alTection and willin^'oliedi-
cnce of Ids Hid),|ecls, as she had heen under a
usurtxT whose utmost vij^iianee and eiierffy woro
reijuired to keep down a mutinous jiecmle ; yot
■hu had, in conse({uence of the imbecility and
ineaiuK^ss of lutr rulers, sunk ho low that any
(k>rman or Italian |)rincipalitv which brou^dit
five thousand men into the Held was a more im-
]M>rtunt mumber of tin; commonwealth of nu-
llouH. — Mai'AUI.ay'h Knu., ell. 2, p. 21'>.
49ftO. BULEBS, Beiponiibility of. IMtM.
They might safely be tyrants within the i)recinct
of the court, but it was necessary for them to
watch with constant anxiety the temper of the
country. Henry V'UI., for example, encoun-
tered no opposition when he wished to Hend
lluckingham and Hurniv, Anne Boieyn and Lady
Salisbury, to Ww scalfold ; but when, without
the consent of Parliament, he denumded of his
i>uhiects u contribution amounting to one sixth
of theirijoods, Ikj soon found it nec'essary to re-
tract. The cry of hundreds of thousands was
that they were Knglishand not French, freemen
and not slaves.— Mai'AIM.ay'hEno., ch. l,)). !5H.
49§ I. BULEBS, Terrifying. Itomnn. All the
vice, all the splendor, all the degradation of
I'agan liome, seemed to be gathered uj> in the
1)er8on of [Nero] that emj)eror who first placed
dmself in a relation of direct antagonism against
Christianity. Long before! death ended the astute;
comedy in which Aiigustus bad so gravely borne
his part, he had experienccsd the Nemesis of Ab-
Bolutism, and foreseen the awfid pos.sibilitiea
which It involved. Hut neitlier he nor any one
els»> could have divined that foiir such rulers as
Tiberius, Qaius, Claudius, and Nero — the first a
Banguinary tyrant, the second a furious mad-
man, the third an uxorious imbecile, the fourth
a heartless buffoon — would in succession afflict
and horrify the world. Yet these rulers sat upon
the breast of Rome with the paralyzing spell of
a nightmare. The concentration of the old pri-
rogatives of many offices in the person of one,
who was at once Consul, Censor, Tribune, Pon-
lifex Maximus, and perpetual Imperator, forti-
fied their power with the semblance of legality,
and that power was rendered terrible by the
sword of the Prtetorians and the deadly whis-
|MT f)f the Informem.- Fahkah'i* Kahlt Datb,
ch. 2, p. II.
•ONil. RULKKl, Unaduoattd. " ('rt»f>u,l Au."
Ilu was one of the early rulers of a part of An-
ou in Fran( e. | Alone of his race, Fulk tho
iiiood waged no wars ; hU delight was to sit iti
the choir of Tours and to lie tailed "canon."
One Martiiunas eve Fnlk was singing there In
<'lerkly guise when the French king, Loui^
d'Oulremer, entered the chureli " He sings liko
a priest," laughed the king, as bis nobles pointed
mockingly to the llgure of the count canon. Hut
Fulk was ready with his reply. "Know, my
lord." wroi(! the Count of Anjoii, "that a kin^
unlearned is a crowned ass " Fnlk was in fact
no priest, butabusy nder, governing, enforcing
peace, and carrying Justice to every corner of
tin; wasted land. 'I o him alone of his race men
L'avethe title of " thedood. '— liiMroUY ok Lno,
I'Kol'l.K, S I'-i'-J-
'town. BUMORB, Welcomed. Iholfi of C/,.. <>«
If. We cannot, therefore, wonder that wuu
stories without nundier were re|>eMted and be-
lieveil by the common ))eople. His MaJeKty'a
tongue had swelled to the si/eof a neat's tongue.
A <'ake of ileleteriouH powder I:ad been found In
his brain. There were blut! Njxits on hi.s breast.
There were black spots on his shoulder. Home-
thing had been put into his snulTbox. Home-
thing had been put into his broth. Homething
had neen put into his favorite dish of eggs ana
ambergris. The DucIichs of I'ortsmouth luid
poisoned him in a cup of chocolate. The ipieen
ha<l poi.soiKid him in a Jar of dried jiears. Such
tales ought to be preserved, for tliey fiiinish us
with a measure of the intelligence and virtue of
the generation which eagerly devoured th(;m. —
Macaulay'h Eno., ch. 4, p. 411.
40N4. BUN A WAY, A diitinguiihed. Fr.in.
fiieu IHzdrro. One day a pig strayed from tho
herd and could not be found. I'i/.arro, dreading
his father's ang<;r, dared not go home. He nnidu
his way to a recnnting station, eidisted in tho
Spanisn army as a private soldier, and served for
a while! in Italy. Attracted by the marvels n;-
lated of the New World, and being naturally
fond of adventure, he, too. Joined at length an
expeditiem to America, and, arriving at His-
paidola, serveel under Colundius. and anm won
distinction. He had every cjualily that fits a man
for a life of daring adventure. — Cvi'1,o1'EUia ok
iiioo., p. 'A'iW.
40MA. SABBATH, Defenceless on the. Jentm-
le)ii. Ptolemy advanced inlo.hidea, and formed
the siege of Jerusalem. The city was so strong
by its advantag(!ous situation, in (;on junction
with the works of art, that it would have sus-
tained a long siege, had it not been for the relig-
ious fear the Jews entertained of violating tho
law, if they should defend themselves on tho
Sabbath. Ptolemy was not long unact|uainted
with this particular ; and in order to irnprovo
the great advantage it gave him, he chose that
day for the general assault ; and as no individual
among the Jews would presume to defend him-
self, the city was taken without any difficulty.—
Rollin'8 Hibt., Book 16, § 4.
49S6. SABBATH desecrated. Nobility. The
private offences, in the supi)ort of whose official
■I 'i
59:3
SABBATH— RACRIFICE.
Interdiction WiilKirforcn formed ii society, wore,
profiiimtion of the Lord's day, swearing, drunii-
enness. TIio gnml gave tlieir Sunday card-par-
ties and Sunday concerts long after llannali
More publislied, in 1796, her " Estimate of the
l{eligion of the Fashionable Woritl." — Kniciut's
En(!., vol. 8, eh. 7, p. 12'.i. .
4987. . Tjtndon. [In London, in
1 141 1 , in every Sunday in Lent, a company with
lances and shields went out to joust. — Kniuut's
Enu., vol. 1, ch. 18, p. 26-1.
40SS. . Enr/land, 1388. [The law
recpiiredj every servant of husbandrj- laborer,
andservant of artiticer, . . . they shall have bows
and arrows, and use tht^ same; on Sundays and
holidays. — Knight's Eno., vol. 2, ch. 1, p. 14.
401*9. SASBATH misspent. Charles IL—Lmt.
His palace had seldom presented a gayer or a
more scandalous appearance; than on the evening
of Sunday, the first of February, 1(585. . . . The
great gallery of Whitehall, an admirable relic of
the magnificence of the Tudors, was crowded
with revellers and gamblers. The king sat there
chatting and toying with three women, whose
charms were the boast and whose vices were the
«lisgrace of three nations. IJarbara Palmer,
Duchess of Cleveland, was there, no longer
young, but still retaining some traces of that
superb and voluptuous loveliness whicl) twenty
A'ears before oveniame the liearts of all men.
'riiere, too, was the Duchess of Portsmouth,
who.sc soft and infantine features were lighted
up with the vivacity of France. llortensia
Mancini, Duchess of Mazarin, and niece of the
great cardinal, completed the group. [Ho died
<m Friday following.] — Ma( aui.ay's Eng. ,ch. 4,
p. 39«.
4990. SABBATH Observance enforced. Puri-
tans. [In 105!}] one imhuppy victim is stocked
three hours, for the heinous offence of going to
(Miarminster immediately after dinner on Easter
day, and eating milk and cream with some lads
and lassies, upon which entertainment they
spent twopence each. Even the plea that the
moving .ibout on the Sabbath-day was to hoar
a preacher in another parish was no mitigation
of the offence of taking a longer walk thui to
the church at the offender's own door. ... A
tailor is brought \ip for working at two o'clock
on a .January morning, to Jiave a piece of his
manufacture complete in due time for some or-
thodox church-goer. Children are punished for
playing at nine stones. Hanging out clothes to
dry on the Sal)bath was an especial offence. —
Knight's Eng., vol. 4, ch. 9, p. \~'i.
4991. SABBATH, Privacy on the. Wa.'^/iiitf/-
ion. On Sunday no visitors were admitted to
the President's hou.se, save the inunediate rela-
tives of the family, with only one exception,
Mr. Speaker Trumbull, since Governor of Con-
necticut, and who had been confidential .secre-
tary to the chief during the war. — Clstis' Wash-
ington, vol. 1, ch. 2.
4992. SABBATH rejected, The. France. The
revolutionary tribunals had chnsed the churches
ar."' prohibited the observance of the Sabbath.
To efface if po.^sible all traces of that .sacred day,
they had appointed every tentliday for ces.sation
^rom labor and for festivity. A heavv tine was
inflicted upon any one who should close his
shop on the Sabbath, or manifest any reverence
for that discirded institution. — Abuott'b Napo-
I.KON B., vol. 1, ch. 10.
4993. SACBAMENT, Inconsistency with the.
Joiin, of Air. [She was informed that she must
be burnt at the stake that day.] After this burst
of grief, she recovered herseir and confessed ;
she then asked to communicate The brother
was embarras.sed ; but consulting the bishop, tho
latter told him to administer the .sacrament,
" and whatever else she might ask." Thus, at
the very moment he condemned her as a re-
lapsed heretic, and cut her off from the Church,
he gave her all that the Church gives to her
faitlif 111. Perhaps a last sentiment of humanity-
awoke in the heart of the wicked judge ; he
considered it enough to burn the poor creature,
without driv'ng her to despair and damning her.
Perhaps, also, the wicked priest, through free-
thinking levity, allowed her to receive the sac-
raments as a thing of no conseciuence, which,
after all, might serve to calm and silence tho
sufferer. — .Miciielet's Jo.vn ov Auc, p. 55.
4994. SACRIFICE consumed. 7?y TAgJitn-'ug. A
prodigy that haj)pened at Amphipol's te«»i^led
al.so the favor of the gods. The consul was
offering sacrifice there, and the sacred ceremonies
were begun, when a Hash of lightning fell upon
the altar, and at once consunuicland consecrated
the victim. — PiiUTAiuii's Paulus ^milius.
4995. SACRIFICE, Human. Arabs. The life
of a man is the most precious oblation to dep-
recate a public calamity : the alt^irs of Phoe-
nicia and Egypt, of Home and Carthage, havo
been polluted with human gore ; the cruel
practice was long preserved among the Arabs ;
in the third century a boy was annually sacri-
ficed by the tribe of Dumatians ; and a royal
captive was piously slaughtered by the prince
of the Saracens, the ally and soldier of the Em-
peror Justinian. A parent who drags his son to
the altar exhibits the most painful and sublime
effort of fanaticism ; the deed, or the intentiou,
was sanctified by the example of saints and
heroes. — Giuhon's Ro.mk, ch. 50, p. 95.
4996. . a a Ills. ^lany of the re-
ligious rites among he Gauls were cniel and
bloody. Human sacrifices were of frequent oc-
currence. It was believed that the life of maa
cannot be purchased but by that of his fellow-
man ; that the gods cannot be propitiated but.
at this costly price. Accordingly, those who
were attacked by dangerous sickness, and those
who were about to expose themselves to the
hazards of war, procured through the ministry
of the Druids the immolation of human victims
on their behalf. I*ublic sacrifices of the same
kind were sometimes held. A colossal humaa
figure was made of wicker-work, and its liuga
limbs filled with the bodies of living men,
generally condemned criminals or captives taken
in war. The image was then set on tire. —
Students' France, ch. 1, § 10.
4997.
Swedes. Till the end of
the eleventh century, a celebrated temple sub-
sisted at Upsal, the most considerable town
of the Swedes mid Goths. It was enriched
with the g' M which the Scandinavians had ac-
(piired in . ■ !r piratical adventures, and sane-
SACHIFICK— SAILOR.
59S
titicd by the uncotith re)iroscntalions of tlic tlircc
principtil dfilicH, the god of war, tiie goddess of
generiition, mid the god of tlainder. In the
general festival that wius soleinuized every ninth
year, nine animals of every species (without e.\-
eepting the human) were saerificeil, and their
bleeding bodies suspended in the sacred grove
mljaeent tothe temple. — Oiiiuo.n's Ko.mk, eh. 10,
p. 28;j.
4098. . Hotnaus. [The Ronians
were e.\peeting the attack of the (iaids. |
The vast prejjarations they made were further
l)roofs of their fears (for it is .said that so many
thousands of Itonums were never seen in arms
either before or since), and so wen; the new and
extraordinary . sacrifices which they otTered. . . .
Tliey buried two Greeks — a man and a woman,
and likewise two Gaids, one of each .se.x, alive
in the beast-niurket. — Plutaucii.
4999. SACRIFICES, Christian. John Kdnou.
{One of Mr. Wesley's mo.st heroic and success-
iil preachers was a stone-cutter by trade.] He
kept liewing stone l)y day, and preaching by
night. . . . [His success awakened opposi-
tion.] The ale-house keepers complained of
the loss of their customers by his preaching,
and the parish clergyman wished not such a rival
near him. lie was arrested . . .as a vagrant
without visible means of support. . . . Five
liundred pounds bail was refu.sed, witnesses
were rejected, save his clerical accuser. Nelson
repelled the charge manfully. "lam as able
to get my living iiy my hands," said he, " asany
man of my trade in Kngland is, and you
know it." [lie was im|)re.s.sed for the army.]
At BradfonI he was plunged into a dungeon,
into which llowed blood and filth from a slaugh-
ter-house above it, so that it smelled, he says,
" like a pig-stye ; but my .soul," lie adds, " was
so tilled with the lov(> of God that it was para-
di.se to me." There was nothing in it to sit on,
and his only bed wa.s a heap of decayed straw.
— Stkvk.ns' MirnioDis.M, vol. 1, p. 207.
5000 SACRIFICES, Ministerial. Bn: TIiok.
Smith. He rode four thousand miles and
preached four hundred sermons in one year,
and laid many nights on wet cabin floors some-
times covered witJi snow through the night, and
his horse standing under a pelting storm of
snow or rain, and|at the end of the year received
his travelling expenses and four silver dollars
of his sjilarv. — Stkvens' M. E. Ciiikch, ch. 4,
p. 269.
5001. SACRILEGE, Infamous. JIakem the
Turk. The temph; of the Christian world, the
church of the Resurrection, was demolished
to its foundations ; the luminous prodigy of
Easter was interrupted, and much profane labor
was exhausted to destroy the cave in the rock
■which properly constitutes the holy sepulchre.
At the report of this sacrilege, the nations of
Europe were astonished and afflicted ; but, in-
stead of arming in the defence of the Holy
Land, they contented themselves with burning
or banishing tlie Jews as the secret advisers
of the impious barbarian. — Gibbon's Rome,
ch. 57, p, 632.
5003. SACRILEOE, Sectarian. Sacking of
Constantinople. The churches were profaned
by the licentiousness and party zeal of the Lat-
ins. [The Roman Catholics.) After stripping
the gems and i)earls, they converted the chalices
into drinking cups ; their tables, on which they
gamed and feasted, were covered with the i)ict-
iircs of (Christ and the saints ; and they tram-
pled under fo'.it the most venerable obji'cts of
the Christian worship. In the cathedral of St.
Sophia the ample veil of the .sanctuary was
rent asunder for the sake of the golden fringe;
and the altar, a nKmument of art and riciicH,
was broken in pieces and shared among the cap-
tors. Their mules and horses were laden with
the wrought silver and gilt carvings which
they tore down from the doors and pulpit ;and
if the beasts stumbled under the burden, they
were stabbed by their impatient drivers, and the
holy pavement streamed with their impiiro
bl()t)d. A prostitute was .seated on the throno
of the patriarch ; and that daughter of Belial, as
she is styled, sung and danced in the church, to
ridi(Mile the hymns and processions of the Ori-
entals. — GniHoNS RoMK, ch. 60, p. Si'i.
500». SAFETY, Public. Inhiimnniti/. [Goth-
ic youths were distributed through the emi)ire
as hostages. They were tempt"d to cons])iro
against their masters.] As soon as he [.lulius]
had obtained the discretionary power of acting
as he should judge most exiwdient for the good
of the republic, he asseml)led the principal ofli-
cers, and privately concerted elTeclual measures
for the execution of his bloody design. An order
was immediately promulgated, that, on a stated
day, the Gothi(! youth should as,semble in the ca])-
ital cities of their resi)ective jirovinces ; and as a
report was industriously circulated that they
were summoned to receive a liberal gift of land.s
and money, the pleasing hni)e allayed the fury of
their resentment, and, perhaps, suspended tho
motions of the consi)iracy. On the ai)pointed
(lay, the unarmed crowd of the Gothic youth
was carefully collected in the scjuare or forum ;
the .streets and avenues were occupii'd by \hu
Roman troops, and the roofs of the houses were
covered with archers and slingers. At thesjime
hour, in all the cities of the East, the .signal
was given of indiscriminate slaughter ; and the
provinces of Asia wens delivered, by the cruel
prudence of Julius, from a domestic enemy,
who, in a few months, might have carried tiro
and sword from the Hellespont to the Euphri-
tes. The urgent con.sideration of the jiublic
safety may undoubtedly authorize the violation
of every positive b>w. — Gihho.n's Ito.Mic, ch. 26,
p. 56.
5004. SAFETY, Selfish. Dariu). [When Da-
rius fled with his routed army before Alex-
ander the Great, he was in great peril of his per-
.sonal safely.] Justin tells us, that when tho.se
about Darius advised him to break down th«
bridge of the Cydnus, to retard the enemy'.s
pursuit, he answered, " I will never purchase
safety to myself at the expense of so many
thousands of my subjects as mu.st by this means
be lost." — Pi-UTARCu's " Alexandek," Lanu-
hoiine's Note.
5005. SAILOR, A gfteat. Sebastian Cahot. [By
his great discoveries in America] he advanced the
commerce of England . . . and was pensioned
as the great seaman. — Bancroft's Hist, of
U. S., vol. 1, ch. 1.
594
SAILOR— SAINTS.
5006. 8AIL0B, Trials of the. fi<(in. Jolimcn.
lliH negro servant, Friincis IJiirber, having left
liiin and been some time at sen, . . . u stale
of life of which Johnson always expressed the
utmost abhorrence. He said, " No man will be
a sailor who has contrivance enough to get him-
self into a jail ; for being in a ship is being in a
jail, with the chance of being drowned." And
at another time, " A n\an in a jiiil has more
room, better food, and commonly better com-
pany." — BoswELi.'s Johnson, p.'or).
ftOOr. SAILOR, Youthful. Sir Francis DntKr.
When he was about twelve years old he was reg-
ularly apprenticed to the captain of a small ves-
sel trading with Holland and France, in which
lie took the i)Iaco of a cabin-boy. The cabin-
boy of a ship in former times, like the yomigest
api)reutice in a shop, was recpiired to do all the
odd, disagreeable jobs, such as greasing the
mast, washing the dishes, ftirling the topmast
sail, coiling uj) the ropes, tarring the cable, feed-
ing the ])ig. Young Drake performed his duties
so well, learned his business so thoroughly, and
won the contidence and affection of the captain
to such a decree, that the captain, dying when
Drake was eighteen, bequeathed him his vessel.
The young man soon proved his fitness to com-
mand. Having made one successful voyag<^ to
the western ports of France, lie sailed next to
Africa, and brought home a good share of the
gold dust and elephants' tusks of Guinea. — Cy-
ii.oi'EDiA OF Brod., p. 359.
5008. SAILOBS, Destitution of. Reign of
Chinirs II. It does not appear that there was
in the service of any of the Stuarts a single naval
officer, such as, according to the notions of our
time, a naval otHcer ought to be — that is to say,
a man versed in the theory and practice of his
(•ailing, and steeled against all the dangers of
battle and tempest, yet of cultivated mind and
liolishcd manners. There were gentlemen and
there were seamen in the navy of Charles II.,
but the seamen were not gentlemen, and the gen-
tlemen were not seamen. — Macaitlay's Eno.,
ch. 3, p. 284.
5009. SAILORS, Patriotic. EiifiUxh. [Charles
1. commanded Admiral Pennington to a.ssist
Louis in fighting the Huguenots.] For the third
time Pennington took his vanguard into the
French harbor, and with him went, with des-
perate reluctance, the seven merchant ships.
One captain. Sir Ferdinando Gorges, broke
through and returned, learning that the destina-
tion of the fleet was Rochelle. Pennington and
the rest doggedly obeyed the king's warrant,
and delivered up the .ships and their stores ttrith-
out their crews, Pennington declaring that he
would rather be hanged in England for disobe-
dience than fight himself or see his seamen fight
against their brother Protestants of France. He
quietly looked on while his crews deserted,
leaving every ship, including his own, to be
manned by Frenchmen, and came back to set
himself right with his countrymen. The van-
guard hastened away to Rochelle, and her can-
nons, no longer manned by English crews, ac-
complished the object of the " martyr king" and
"Defender of the Protestant Faith!" — "open-
ing fire against Rochelle, and mowing down the
Huguenots like gras.s." The.se were the sailors
of those dajs, and this was the English Govern-
ment of those days. — lloou's Ckomwki.i., ch. ;>,
p. 00.
5010. SAINTS canonized. % lope. The
canonization of saints was practised by every
bishop for twelve centuries ; at length, the num-
ber growing out of all bounds, the i)ope8 thought
it necessary to a.ssume the exclusive right of
canonization. Pope Alexander III., one of the
most profligate of men, was the flr.st who issued
a solenm decree reserving to him.self the .solo
right of making siunts. — TvTLKit'a Hist., Book
0, ch. 3, p. 85.
5011. SAINTS, Marks of. Joan of Are. In
the space of a few years, before and after the
Pucelle, every province had its saint — either a
Pierrette, o Breton peasant girl who holds con-
verse v.ith Jesus Christ, or a Marie of Avignon,
a Catherine of Rod elle, or a poor shepherd,
such as Saintrailles brings up from his own coun-
try, who has the stigmata on his feet and hands,
ami who sweats blood on holy days like the pres-
ent holy woman of the Tyrol. — Michelkt's
Joan, p. 1.
50ia. SAINTS, Pillar. Stylites. Among these
heroes of the mona.stic life, the name and gen-
ius of Simeon Stylites have beer, immortal-
ized by the singular invention of an aerial pen-
ance. At the age of thirteen the yi r ng ' i ' m
deserted the profession of a shepherd : i i ' ■
himself into an austere monaster}', li icr .i long
and painful novitiate, in which Simeon was re-
peatedly saved from pious suicide, he estab-
lished his residence on a mountain, about thirf}'
or forty miles to the east of Antioch. Within
the space of a mandra, or circle of stones, to
which he had attached himself by a ponderous
chain, he ascended a column which was suc'
cessively raised from the height of nine to that
of sixty feet from the ground. In this last ancl
lofty station the Syrian anchoret resisted lh«
heat of thirty summers and the cold of as many
winters. Habit and exercise instructed him to
maintain his dangerous situation without fear or
giddiness, and successively to assume the differ-
ent postures of devotion. He sometimes prayed
in an erect attitude, wiih his outstretched arm.>i
in the figure of a cro.ss ; but his most familiar
practice was that of bending his meagre skele-
ton from the forehead to the feet ; and a curious
spectator, after numbering twelve hundred and
forty-four repetitions, at length desisted from
the endless account. The progress of an Ulcer
in his thigh might shorten but it could not dis-
turb this celestial life ; and the patient hermit
expired without descending from his column.
— Gibbon's Rome, ch. 37, p. 539.
5013. SAINTS, Worship of. Introduction. At
Rome the bones of St. Peter and St. Paul — or,
rather, what they believed to be such — were re-
moved from their graves one hundred and fifty
years after their death, and deposited in magnifi-
cent shrines. In the following a^.a Constanti-
nople, which could boast no treasures of that
kind within her own walls, had recourse to the
provinces, and acejuired from them the supposed
bodies of St. Andrew, St. Luke, ani St. Timo-
thy, after these had been dead for three hundred
yet'.rs. But these sacred treasures were appro-
priated solely to the churches of the capitals of
tl
ri
tn
t(|
HI
cj
nl
al
a{
b|
PI
af
ol
n
ril
ill
hi
:r.T::235zrssss
SALAUY— SCANDALS.
595
tlu! empire ; other cities and their rhiirelies ])()r-
rowcd i)ortioii.s of these older relics ; luid where
the\ had not Intere.Ht to procure tjiese, their
pri"sts had dexterity to discover relics of their
•own. The possession of these bones was found
to con<luce very much tothefic(jiiisition of mon;
Bubstiintial treasures. It was easy to tind skel-
etons, and to give them names ; but it as nec-
essary to prove their authenticity and \.ilue by
nuiking these bones perform miracles. Artitlcc
and roguery had a powerful a.ssistunt here in
I)opular credulity ;ftn<leven natural events, when
ascribed to the mediation of saints and martjTs,
became proofs of their divine and supernaturni
power. It was easier for the vulgar mind to
approach in prayer the image or simply the idea
of a holy man — one who had been on earth sub-
ject to like passions with themselves— than to
raise their imaginations to the tremendous and
incomprehensible nature of the Supreme Power ;
lience the prayers to saints. — ''^ytleiis Hist.,
Book 5, ch. 4, p. 11.
501 4. SALART supplemented. Uiiipt of Charleit
If. The regular salary, however, was the snudl-
est part of the gains of an ollicial man of that
age. From the nobleman who held the white
staff and the great seal down to the humblest
tide-waiter and ganger, what would now be
called gross corruption was practised without
disguise and without reproacli. Titles, places,
commissions, pardons, were daily .sold in market
overt by the great dignitaries of the realm, and
every clerk in every department imitated, to the
best of his power, the evil e.vample. — >Iacau-
lay's Eng., ch. 3, p. 288.
5015. SARCASM, Merited. "Leave the
Tltarnes." [In lOKi James I, threatened ruin to
the Londoners by removing his own court, and
tl>e Court of Westminster Hall, and the Records
in the Tower, because he was refused by the city
a donation called a "benevolence." The Lord
Mayor replied :] " Your Majesty hath power to
do what you plea.se, and jour city of London will
ob(;y accordingly ; but she humbly desires that
when your Majesty shall remove your courts
you would plea.se to leave the Thames behind
you." — Knioiit's Eno., vol. 3, ch. 22, p. 357.
5016. SAVAGES, Ancient. Germany. [The
Hcruli inhabited the dark forests of Germany
and Poland.] Their names, the only remains
of their language, are Gothic. They fought
almost naked, like the Icelandic Berserkirs ;
their bravery was like madness ; few in number,
they were mostly of royal blood. What feroc-
ity, what unrestrained license, sullied their vic-
tories ! The Goth respects the church, the
priests, the senate ; the Heruli mangle all in a
general massacre : there is no pity for age, no
refuge for chastity. Among themselves there
is the same ferocity : the sick and the aged are
put to death, at their own request, during a
solemn festival ; the widow ends her days by
hanging herself upon the tree which shadows
her husband's tomb. All these circumstances,
80 striking to a mind familiar with Scandinavian
history, lead us to discover among the Heruli
not so much a nation as a confederacy of princes
and nobles. — Mii.man's Note in Gibbon's
Home, ch. 30, p. 16.
5017. SAVAGES, Gentle, ^^atirex of St.
TlniniiiK. " So lovin^-, •<() tractable, so peaceable,
are these people," says Columbus in his joiirnal,
" that 1 .swear to your majesties there is not in
the world a better nation nor a better land.
Thoy love their neighbors as them.selves, and
their discourse is ever sweet and gentle, and ac-
companied with a smile ; and though it is truo
that they are naked, yet their manners are dec-
orous and praiseworthy." — IiiviNu's Columbus,
Book 4, ch. 8.
501§. SAVIOUR, A false. Titux Outen. [Titus
Gates, the infamous and unscrupulous false wit-
ness who caused the death of those whom he ac-
cused of connection with the " Popish plot,"] put
on an episcopal garb except the lawn sleeves —
silk gown and cassock, great hat, satin hat-band
and rose, long scarf — and was called, or most
blasphemously called himself, the Saviour of tho
nation. Whoever he pointed at was taken up
and committed, so that numy people got out of
his way, as from a blast. The very breath of
him was pestilential, and if it brought not im-
prisonment or death on whom.soever it fell,
it surely poi.soned reputation. — Knight's Eno.,
vol. 4, ch. 20, p. 337.
5019. SAVIOUR in a Name. S<ilo)i. [King
of Sardis.] Cro'sus being a ))risoiier, was con-
demned by [Cyrus] the conqueror to be burnt
alive. Accordingly the funeral pile was pre-
pared, and that unhappy prince, being laid
thereon, and just upon the point of execution,
recollecting the conversation he had formerly
had with Solon, was wofully convinced of the
truth of that philosopher's admonition, and iu
remembrance thereof, cried aloud three times,
" Solon I Solon 1 Solon 1" Cyrus, who, with tho
chief officers of his court, was present at this
spectacle, was curious to know why Croesus
pronounced that celebrated philosopher's name
with so nmch vehemence in this extremity. Be-
ing told the reason, and reflecting v^pon the un-
certain state of all sublunary things, he was
touched with commiseration at the prince s mis-
fortune, caused him to he taken from the pile,
and treated him afterward, as long as he lived,
with honor and respect. Thus had Solon the
glory, with one single word, to save the life of
one king, and give a wholesome lesson of in-
struction to another. — Rolijn's Hist., Book 4,
ch. 1, art. 1.
5030. SCANDAL, Victim of. Rev. Charles
Wesley, [The early Methodists were mobbed,
their houses pulled down, and their lives in peril
in the city of Cork.] Twenty-eight depositions
were presented to the gra ' jury against the ri-
oters, which were all thrown out, and tlie jury
made a remarkable presentment which still
stands on the city records, and which declares
that ' ' we find and present Charles Wesley to
be a person of ill-fame, a vagabond, and a com-
mon disturber of his Majesty's peace, and we
pray that he may be transported." — Stevens'
METnoDisM, vol. 1, p. 282. ^
5021. SCANDALS, Ecclesiutieal. Roman.
The interested views, the selfish and an^ry pas-
sions, the arts of perfidy and dissimulation, the
secret corruption, the open and even bloody vio-
lence which had formerly disgraced the freedom
of election in the commonwealths of Greece and
Rome too often influenced the choice of the
successors of the apostles. While one of the
59G
SCARCITY— SCHOOL.
candidutcs hoiuslod the honors of his fiiniily, a
WH'ond alhircd lii.s judges hy the dflieacics of a
])lentiful table, aiul a third, more guilt v than his
rivals, offered tosliarethe |)lunder()f theeliiirch
unioiig tlu!a(r('()m|)li(;e.sof his sacTilegious li(i])es.
GlUBON'tJ HoMK, ch. 20, J). 2K1.
5033. SCARCITY, Value by. Ordr],^ An
unknown wonnui is said to liave come to 'I'lir-
(|uiii with ninc! volumes of oraeles written by
the Sibyl of Cuma, for whieli she demanded a
very considerable pri(•<^ Tarquin refusing to
l)urehiuse them at her rate, she burned three of
lliem, and then ask(al the same i>ri(X' for the re-
maining six. Her jiroposal being rejected with
scorn, she burned lliree more, and notwitlistand-
ing, still insist(,'d on her first price. Taniuin,
Kurprised at the novelty of the thing, put tlie
hooka into the liands of the augurs to l)e exam-
ined, who advised to iiurclm.se tliem at any rate.
Accordingly lie did, and apjjointed two jiersons
of distinction, .styled Duumviri, to be guardians
of them, who locked them up in a vault uii '"r
the temple of Jupiter Capitolinus, and tin re
th<!y w(;re kept until they were burned with the
temple itself. — Plutaucii's Publu oi,.\, Lanu-
houne's Notk.
5023. SCEPTICS, Saperatitions. AHhln/ Coo-
per, Earl of Skafteiibury. Sceptics are apt to he
Huperstitious ; the organization which favors
the moral restlessness of perpetual doubt often
superinduces ii nervous timidity. Shaftesbury
was indifferent to religion ; his physical irrita-
bility made him not indifferent to superstition.
He would not fear God, l)ut he watched the
stars ; he did not receive Christianity, and he
could not reject a.strology. — Uanckoft's U. S.,
vol. 2, ch. 13.
5034. SCHOLARSHIP, Defective. Robert Ful-
ton. At school, liobert Fulton was a dull and
troublesome boy. Books were disgusting to
lum. He had the imjiudence to tell his teacher,
one day, that his head was so full of original
notions that there wa.s no vacant room in it for
the contents of dusty books. But, out of school,
he exhibited intelligence and talent. — Cycj.oim:-
UIA OK Bum., p. 153.
5035. SCHOLARSHIP by Emulation. Cliorlcx
Xir. He was exceedingly ol)stinatc, and, like
mo.st obstinate people, avius .sometimes led by the
no.se. For examjjle : he would not learn Latin ;
but when he was artfully told that the King of
Denmark and the King of Poland knew that
language well, he threw himself into the study
of it with great energy, and became a very good
scholar [and king of Sweden]. — Cyclopedia
OK Hioo., p. 433.
5036. SCHOLARSHIP revived. Anihu. In the
ninth century we trace the first dawnings of
the restoration of science. After the fanaticism
of the Arabs had subsided the caliphs aspired
to conquer the arts, rather than the provinces,
of the empire ; their liberal curiosity rekindled
Ihe emulation of the Greeks, brushed away the
dast from their ancient libraries, and taught
them to know and reward the philosophers,
■whose labors had been hitherto repaid by the
pleasure of study and the pursuit of truth ; . . .
a school was opened in the palace of Magnaura ;
and the presence of Bardas excited the cnuda
tlon of the masters and students. At their head
was the i)hilosopher Leo, archbishop of The.s.sa-
lonica ; liis profound skill in astronomy and the
mathematics was adnured by the strangers of
Ihe East ; and this occult science was magnified
by vulgar credvdity, which modestly .suppos(!s
that all knowledge superior to its own must be
the effect of inspiration or magic. At the press-
ing entreaty of Ww. Ca'sar, his friend, the cele-
brated Photius, renounce<l the freedom of a sec-
ular and studious life, ascended the patriarchal
throne, and was alternately excommunicated
and absolved by the svnods of the Eiust and
West. By the confession even of priestly ha-
tred, no art or .science, except poetry, was for-
eign to this universal scholar, who was deep in
thought, indi ^'ntigable in reading, and elocjuent
in diction. — Giuuon's Bome, ch. 53, p. 378.
5037. SCHOOL, Aversion toward. Garibaldi.
When he was about fourteen his father took
him on board his ves.sel, on one of his trips to
Genoa, and jmt him at school in that city. The
.school, it seems, was a very dull one, the teach-
ers being totally unable to interest the boys in
their studies ; and this active lad suffere 1 intol-
erably from the confinement and tedium. He
and several of his companions resolved to es-
cape. Garibaldi understanding well tlie maii-
agiimcnt of a sail-boat, they got possession of
one, ])ut some provisions on board, and set sail
for the open sea. But a treacherous abbe, to
whom the secret had been confided, betrayed
them, and informed Garibaldi's father, who
jumped into a swift boat and made all sail in
pursuit, and soon overtook them. They all re-
turned to school crestfallen. — Cycloi'EUia of
Bioo., p. 4U3.
503§. SCHOOL, Caste in. Harvard. .Tohn
Adams, in a cla.ss of twent}^-four, ranked four-
teenth. On state occa.sions, when the class en-
tered a room, he would have gone in fourteenth.
His grandson tells us that he would not have
held even as high a rank as this but that his
mother's ancestors were persons of greater con-
secpienee than his father's. This custom of ar-
ranging the students in accordance with the
sujipo.sed social importance of their parents pre-
vailed at Harvard until the year 1769. after
which the alphabetical order was substituted. —
Cycloi'icuia ok Biog., p. 171.
5030. SCHOOL, Discipline in, Samiiil John-
son. There is now less Hogging in our great
schools than formerly, but then less is lear.ied
there ; so that what the bojs get at one end they
lose at the other. — Boswell's Jounson, p. 2(5.1
5030. SCHOOL everywhere. Socratri*. Soc-
rates did not affect the manners or the habits
of a public teacher. He hiul no school ; he
gave no professed lectures on philosophy ; he
mingled with his fellow-citizens in all ranks of
life, conversing with each man on the subjects
best suited to liis occupation and talents. The
theatres, the temples, the shops of the artists,
the courts of justice, the public streets, were all
occasionally the scene of his moral conversations
and instructive arguments. — Tytler's Hist.,
Book 2, ch. 9, p. 268.
5031. SCHOOL of Observation. Hugh Miller.
[He was apprenticed to a stone-mason ; the]
(juarry proved to be one of his best schools . . .
wi
al(
hii
hii
se'
le(
P
a;j
lie
III)
11 V
SCHO(^L— SCHOOLS.
597
where otlicr men saw nothiiif;, lie (letcclcd an-
iilo^ies, (liirereuces tind peculiuritiert wliicli set
liiia (I thiiikiii;,'. lie simply kept his eyes uuil
his mind open ; was sober, diiij,a'iit, and per-
severing ; and this was the secret of his inlel-
lectuiil frrowth. — Smikks' Buikk Bhkiuai'IIiks,
p. 91.
50:M. school, Perils of. Kilnar Allan. V<>e.
[This remarkal)I(! poet hc^eame a dninkanl.
3lr. John Allan, u rieh merchant, adopted him. |
When the hoy was not (juite seven years ot I
«>,'e, he took liim to London ; and, in a villai^e
near that city, ho placed tiie little orphan at a
l)()ardin<^-school, where he left him for neatly
live years. So far as is known, the child had
not a friend, still less u relation, on that side of
the ocean. Here was an eau'er, vivacious, and
l)rol)al)ly precocious hoy, coniined in tlu; (U-.sola-
tioa of an Enjiflish .school ; which is, generally
speaking, a scene as unsinted to the ])r()|>er nurt-
ure of the young as Labrador for \\w. breeding
of canary-birds. Such a boy as that needed the
tenderness of women and the watchfid care of
an affectionate and wise father, I le needed love,
home, and the minute, fond attcjiitiou which rare
and curious plants usually receive, but which
children seldom do, who are so much more
worthy of it, and would reward it so much more.
He needed, in short, all that he did not have,
and he hail in abundance much that lie did not
need. If the truth could be known, it would
probably be found that Poe received at this
school the germ of the evil which finally de-
stroyed him. Certainly he failed to ac(^uire the
self-control and strong principle whicli might
liave saved him. — Cvci.orEuiA ofUioo., p. 788.
5033. SCHOOL, Trials at. Napoleon I. [The
young aristocrats] sneered at the iilaiiiness of
Napoleon's dress, and at the emptiness of his
purse [when at school at lirienne, near Paris].
His proud spirit was stung to the (piick by these
indignities, and his temper was roused by that
disdain to which he was compelled to submit,
and from which he could find no refuge. Then
. . . was implanted in his mind that hostility,
wliich he ever afterward so signally manifested
to rank, founded not on merit, but upon the ac-
cident of birth. . . . Thirty years after this
Napoleon said, "Called to the throne by the
voice of th(! people, my maxim has always been,
' A cnner open to talent.' without distinction of
birth." — Ahbott's Napoi.kon Ji., vol. 1, cli. 1.
303 1. SCHOOL DAYS, Happy. Samuel John-
son. He maintained that a boy at .school was the
liappicstof human beings. I supported a differ-
ent oiiinion, from which I have never vet vuri(;d,
that a man is happier ; and I enlarged upon the
anxiety and sufferings which arc endured at
•school. Johnson: "Ah! Sir, a hoy's being
Hogged is not so severe as a man's having the
hiss of the world against liim. Men have a solic-
itude about fame, and the greater share they
have of it, the more afraid they are of losing
it." — BoswEM.'s JoirxsoN, p. 124.
9035. SCHOOL-LIFE, Tedious. Shakespeare.
There was in Stratfortl an ancient grammar
school, where Latin and Greek were taught ; and
taught (as I guess) in the ancient dull way ; for
this school Shakespeare attended from about his
seventh to his fourteenth year, ami he speaks in
his plays of boys crceiiing ' uiiwillingly to
school." and of their going from school with
alacrity. There arc tiiirtccn passages in the
works of Shakespeare expressive of the tedium
and disgust which boys used to endure in the
barbarous schools of the olden time ; wiiere-
as, there is not one which alludes to school as a
pleasant place. — Cvci.oi-icui.v ov J5io<i., p. 24.
5030. SCHOOL LIFE, Temptations of. Wil-
berfoire. [VVilberforcf! entered St. .John's ('ol-
lege, Caniliridge] 177(1, at the aire of seventeen.
He tells his experience : " I was introduced, on
the tirst night of my arrival, to as licentious a
.set of men as can well be conceived. They
drank hard, and their conversation was even
wors(!than their lives. . . . After the fust year!
shook off in great measure my coimcction with
them." He got into better society. " but those,"
he complains, " with whom I was intimate, their
oi)ject .seemed to be to make and kecj) me idle.
If ever I appeared studious they would .say to
me, ' Why in the world should a man of your
fortune trouble hini.scif with fagging ';■'" Wil-
berforee was one of the few who could " escape
contagion, and emerge pure from .'^o foul a
pool." — Knuuit's En<(., vol. 7, ch. (i.
5037. SCHOOLMASTEB imitated. Wmiam
Cotrper. Cowper was under Vincent IJourne,
his portrait of whom is, in some respects, a pict-
ure not only of its immediate subject, but of the
schoolmaster of the last century. "I love the
memory of Vinny IJourne. ... I love him, too,
with a love of partiality, because he was usher
of the fifth form at Westminster when I pas.sed
through it. He was so good-natured and so in-
dolent that I lost more than I gt»t by him, for ho
made me as idle as himself. He \yas such a
sloven, as if he had trusted to his genius as a
cloak for everything that could disgu.st you in
his person ; and, indeed, in his writings lie has
almost made amends for all. ... I remember
seeingthe Duke of Richmond set fire to his greasy
locks, and box his ears to put it out again." —
Smith's Cowi'eu, ch. 1.
503S. SCHOOLMASTER vs. Soldier. Broyf/h-
am. [Mr. Uroughani in 1H28 declared in Par-
liament that it . . . unconstitutional that almost
the whole patronage of the State should bo
placed in the hantls of a military Premier — the
Duke of Wellington. But he would not exag-
gerate the danger.] He was perfectly satisfied
that there woukl be no unconstitutional attack
on the liberties of the people. These are not
the times for such an attempt. There were
periods when the country liad heard with dismay
that the soldier was abroad. That was not the
case now. Let the solilier be ever so . . . much
abroad, in the present age he could do nothing.
There was another person abroad — a less impor-
tant j)erson — whose labors had tended to pro-
duce this state of thing.s — the schoolmaster was
abroad. — Knight's Eng., vol. 8, ch. 13, p. 22U.
5039. SCHOOLS appreciated. G»hmy of Mass.
[In 1686] .six jcars after the arrival of Win-
throp, the general court voted a sum, equal to a
year's rate of the whole colony, toward the erec-
tion of a college. In 1638, John Harvard, who
arrived in the bay only to ffUl a victim to the
most wasting di.sease of the climate, desiring to
connect himself imiierishably with the happi-
698
SCIIOOI.S— SCIKNCE.
ness of liis adopted founlry, bccnicatlicd lo llu;
colle^^i' one half of Ins estate and all liis library.
— Banckokt'h U. H., vol. 1, eh. 10.
ft040. SCHOOLS, Beginning of. Ai'w Kiir/lund
ColiniieH. " To theenil tlial learnin>^ may not Ite
buried in the graves of our forefathers, it was
ordered in all the Puritan colonies, "that in
every tov.'nship, aftiT the Lord hath increased
them to the number of fifty householders, sliall
appoint one to tea('h all children to write ancl
read ; and when any town shall increase to one
hundred families thoy shall .set up a grammar
school, the masters thereof being al)l(! to instruct
youth, so far as they mav be fitted for the uni-
versity." — Bancuoft's U. S., vol. 1, ch. 10.
5041. SCHOOLS, Chriitianized. Roman.
[About the beginning of the third century the
Church was in a prosperous condition.] Philo.s-
ophy, her most dangerous enemy, was now con-
verted into her most useful ally. The groves of
the academy, the gardens of Epicurus, and even
the portico of the Stoics, were almost deserted,
as so many different scliools of scepticism or im-
piety ; and many among the Romans were de-
sirous that the writings of Cicero should be con-
demned and supprcs.sed by the authority of the
senate. The prjvailing sect of the new Plato-
nicians judged it prudent to connect thcm.selves
with the priests, whom, perhaps, they despised,
against tlie Christians, whom tliey had reason to
fear. — Gibbon's Rome, ch. 16, p. 59.
5043. SCHOOLS, ExoellenM in. ^^/(^;uV>/t. The
Attic schools of rhetoric and philo.sophy main-
tained their superior reputation from the Pelo-
ponnesian war to the reign of Justinian. Athens,
though situate in a barren soil, possessed a pure
air, a free navigation, and the monuments of an-
cient art. That sacred retirement was seldom
disturbed by the business of trade or govern-
ment ; and the last of the Athenians wer<; dis-
tinguished by their lively wit, the purity of their
taste and language, their social manners, and
fiome traces, at least, in discourse, of the magna-
nimity of their fathers. In the subur))s of the
city, the academy of the Platonists, the lyceum
of the Peripatetics, the portico of the Stoics, and
the garden of the Epicureans, were planted with
trees and decorated with statues ; and the phi-
losophers, instead of being immured in a clois-
ter, delivered their instructions in spacious and
pleasant walks, which, at different hours, were
consecrated to the exercises of the mind and
body. — Gibbon's Rome, ch. 40, p. 106.
5043. SCHOOLS, Perverted. RcignofJairMsII.
The king had already begun to treat Oxford
with such rigor, that the rigor shown toward
Cambridge might, by comparison, be called len-
ity. Already University College had been turned
by Obadiah Walker into a Roman Catholic sem-
inary. Already Christ Church was governed by
a Roman Catholic dean. Mass was already said
daily in both those colleges. — Macaulay's Eno. ,
ch. 8, p. 261.
5044. SCHOOLS, Ragged. In Ij)tidon. A
Scotch giirdener, Andrew Walker, attempted to
weed "The Devil's Acre " [a di,itrict in London
abandoned to tliieves, beggars, and pickpockets] ,
and in 1839 set up a school, in a stable, for re-
claiming the wretched children who swarmed
around him. This was the beginning of ' ' Rag-
-KNUiur'H EN<i.,v()l.s,
g('(l Schools" in London,
ch. 22, p. 399.
5015. . In l^irLWM)ith. [.John
Piiuiids, a Portsmouth cobbler, started a Ragged
School and for many years rescued jjoor childrea
from destruction. lie was a poor man, but] in
the course of his benevolent career he was tho
gratuitous instructor of five hundred children,
who without him would hav<' swelled tht; num-
bers of the criminal ])opiilalion. — Kmoiit's
E.\(i., vol 8, ch. 22, p. 399.
5016. SCHOOLS, Struggle for. Jamen IT. Iln
was resolved to transfer to his own Church all
the wealthiest and most sphaidid foundations of
England. It was to no purpo.se that the best
and wis(!stof his Roman Catholic counsellors re-
monstrated. They represented to him that he
had it in his power to render a great service to
tlic cause ci his religion without violating the
rights of property. [See No. 877.]— Macaci.av's
Eno., ch. H, p. 263.
5047. SCIENCE an Ally. V,'av. In the two
sieges, the deliverance of C'onstantinoplemay be
chictly a.scribed to the novelty, the terrors, and
the real efficacy of the U nek fire. The impor-
tant secret of compounding and directing this
artificial flame was imi)arted by Callinicus, a
native of Ileliopolis, in Syria, who deserted
from the .service of the caliph to that of the em-
peror. The skill of a chemist imd engineer wa.s
equivalent to the succor of fleets and armies ;
and this discovery or improvement of the mili-
tary art was fortunately reserved for the distress-
ful period when the degenerate Romans of tho
East were incapable of contending with the war-
like? enthusiasm and youthful vigor of the Sara-
cens.— Gibbon's Rome, ch. 63, p. 282.
504§. SCIENCE contributory to Art. Navi-
gation. His [John II., King of Portugal] two
physicians, Roderigo and Joseph, the latter a
Jew, th(! most able astronomers and cosmogra-
phers of his kingdom, togetlier with the cele-
brated Mariin Behem, entered into a learned
consultation on the subject. The result of their
conferences and labors was tlie application of
the a.strolabe to navigation, enabling the sea-
man, by the altitude of the sun, to ascertain his
distance from the equator. This instrument has
since been improved and modified into the mod-
ern quadrant, of which, even at its first introduc-
tion, it possessed all the essential advantages. It
is impossible to describe the effect produced
upon navigation by this invention. It cast it
loo.se at once from its long bondage to the land,
and set it free to rove the deep. — Ikving's Co-
lumbus, ch. 6.
5049. SCIENCE, Experimental. Baco7\ian.
The year 1660, the era of the restoration of tho
old Constitution, is also the era from which
dates the ascendency of the new philosophy. In
that year the Royal Society, destined to be a
chief agent in a long series of glorious and salu-
tary reforms, began to exist. In a few month.*
experimental .science became all the mode. The
transfusion of blood, the ponderation of air, the
fixation of mercury, succeeded to that place in
the public mind which had been lately occupied
by the controversies of the Rota. Dreams of
perfect forms of government made way for
dreams of wings with which men were to fly
SCIENCE— SEA.
699
of
|sea-
his
has
liod-
lur-
It
ice<l
it it
iml,
I Co-
kick
111
}e a
ilu-
iths
Jl'be
Ithu
in
Hcd
of
I for
fly
w
from llie tower to llio Ahlwy, nnd of doiiblp-
rtct'lcd sliips whicli were lusvcr to founder in llu?
fiorcest storm. All cliisses were hurried iilon/'
l»y the prevailing sentiment. Cavalier and
Houndhead, Churehman and Puritan, were for
once allied. Divines, jurists, statesmen, nobles,
princes, swelled the triumph of the Baconian
philo.sophy. Poets sang with emulous fervor the
approach of the Golden Age. . . . Dryden, with
more zeal than knowledge, joined his voice; to
the general acclamation, and foretold things
which neither he nor anybody cl.se understood.
The Royal Society, be predicted, would soon
lead us to tha extreme verge of the globe, and
there delight us with a l)etter view of the moon.
— Macaulay's Eno., ch. H, p. i579.
5050. SCIENCE, Infatuated by. Plini/. In
the first year of the reign of Titus bapptjned that
most remarkable eruption of Mount Vesuvius
which overwhelmed the cities of llerculaneum
and Pompeii, and in which the elder Pliny lost
Ills life, from an earnest curiosity to be a near
witness of that strikinjj siHsctacle. lie had de-
termined to embellish his Natural History with
a description of that most interesting phenome-
non, and for this purpose rushed eagerly into
that situation of danger from which others were
as eagerly attempting to escajx;. He was there
suffocated by a cloud of sulphurous vapor. —
Tytlku's II18T., Book 5, ch. 1, p. 493.
505 1 . SCIENCE, Magic-like. Admiral Drake.
[In l.'iS? Admiral Drake came to Plymouth and
found the populous town had no adequate sup-
ply of fresh water.] At Dartmoor lie found a
leat, or spring, that he found was capable of
being conducted from the high ground to a res-
ervoir at the northern suburb of Plymouth. He
mounted his horse, says the local tradition, and
riding to the distant hills found the desired sup-
ply ; and having pronounced some magical
words, rode back, and the stream followed liiin
all the way to the town. . . . Science since that
lime has uttered many words which appear
magical. — Knight's Eno., vol. 3, ch. 14, p. 216.
505il. SCIENCE the Patron of Art. Natigation.
[See No. 5867.] Preparatory to this remarkable
voyage the Argonauts were furnished with in-
structions by Chiron, the astronomer, who
framed for their use a scheme of the constella-
tions, giving a determined place to the solstitial
and ecjuinoctial points ; the former in the irrtli
degrees of Cancer and Capricorn, and the latter
in the 15th degrees of Aries and Libra. Tliis re-
corded fact has served as the basis of an emen-
dation of the ancient chronology by Sir Isaac
Newton.— Tyti.kk's Hist., Book 1, ch. 8, p. 71.
5053. SCIENCE and Politics. Julius Camr.
The genius of Cajsar was not confined to the arts
of government, but carried its researches into
every branch of .science and philosophy. The
duration of the year at this time was tw^elve
lunar months, with an intercalation of twenty-
two or twenty-three days, alternately, at the end
of every two years ; but the pontiffs either intro-
duced or omitted the intercalation according to
circumstances, as they wanted to abridge or
prolong the time of the magistrates continuing
in office — and thus there was the greatest confu-
sion in the calendar. Caesar, who was a profi-
cient in astronomj', and to whose writings in that
science even Ptolemy confesses that he owed in-
formation, corre<t<'d the errors of the I'ah'ndiir
b^ fixing the solar year at tbrei! hundred ami
sixty-five days, with an intercalation of one day
every fourth year. — Tyti.kuh Hist., Book 4,
ch. 2, p. 412.
5051. SCOUBOINO ineffective. James II. [The
notorious ("atherine Set. ley was his mi.stress.
In seasons ot repentance! he .stimulated his
purpose of reformation by scourging his own
shoulders. See No. 1133.] .lames wrote, implor-
ing and •ommanding her to depart. He owned
that he had promised to bid her farewell in per-
son. " Hut 1 know too well," be added. " the
power which you have over nie. I have not
strength of mind enough to k, ;•) my resolution
if I .see you." He; offered her a yaciit to convey
her with all dignity to Flanders, and threatened
that if she did not go quietly she should be sent
away by force. She at one time worked upon
his feelings l)y pretending to be ill. Then she
assumed the airs of a martyr, and impudently
proclaimed ber.self a sufferer for the Protestant
religion. '1 lien again she adojited the style of
John Hami)den. She detied tlu- king to remove
her. She would try the right with him. While
the Great Charter and the Habeas Corpus Act
were the law of the land she would live where
.she pleased. — M.\cai:lay'h E.N(i., ch. 6, p. 67.
5055. SCBIFTTJRE misuied. Aj/aiiwi Colum-
bus. A council of clerical sagos was convened
in the collegiate convent of St. Stephen to in-
vestigate the new theory of Columbus. It was
composed of professors of astronomy, geogra-
phy, mathematics, and other branches of science,
together with various dignitaries of the church,
and learned friars. ... At the very threshold of
the discussion, instead of geograi)hical objec-
tions, Columbus wasas.sailed with citations from
the Bible and the Testament : the book of Gene-
sis, the psalms of David, the proi)hets, the epis-
tles, and the gospels. To these were added the
expositions of various saints and reverend com-
mentators. — Iiiving's Columbus, Book 2, ch. 3.
5056. SCULPTOR, The mental. SocraUs. [His
father was a sculptor.] He was surprised that a
sculptor should employ his whole attention to
fa.sliion an in.sensible stone into the likeness of a
man, and that a man .should take so little pains
not to resemble an insensible stone. — Uoi.lin's
Hist., Book 9, ch. 4, § 1.
505r. SCULPTURE, Nobility of. Eternalize
Fame. It is the peculiar advantage of the art of
sculpture that, being ordinarily employed on
the mo.st durable materials, and such as possess
small intrinsic value, it bids the fairest of all the
arts to eternize the fame of the artist. While its
works resist all natural decay from time, they
afford no temptation to alter their form, in
which consists their only value. They may lie
hid from neglect in an age of ignorance, but
they are safe, though buried in the earth ; and
avarice or industry, to supply the demands of an
after age of Uvste, will probably recover them. —
Tytleu's Hist., Book 2, ch. 7, p. 229.
505§. SEA, Passion for the. Sir John Frank-
lin. Almost from infancy the boy had shown a
fondness for sea-stories, and had often said that
he meant to be a sailor. This wsis regarded as a
boy's fancy that would soon pas.s away ; but
when he was but eleven years old a circumstance
oou
8EAHATIIING-SECTAUIAMSM.
(x-ciim-d which f^iivo rciwon to suppoHo tliat his
liixlG for tlic Kcii VNiiH Moinethhig more tliiiii tliis.
1I(! had iiover jft hchtiUl tlio ocl'uii, lhouj;h it
was hilt twelve miles from \m scliool. One (la\ ,
whet) tlie Hciiool iiad ii lioliiiiiy, lie ami one of
Ills school fellows walked that twelve miles to
the Hhore, for no other piirjiose than to mi/.e
upon tlu; 8ea. All that he had ever heard or
dreamed of thegratidenr and charm of tluMxcaii
was more than realized, and he sat, hour after
iiour, entranced with the magiiiflcenei! of the
view. From that day lie was never slmki'u in
Ids resolve to spend his lifi; upon the sea. — Cy-
CLorKDiA ()!•" Kkxi., p. H!i().
iiOSO. SEABATHING unappreciated. h'lif/-
Idiid. In the beginning of thir ci;;hleentli centu-
ry .. . then; was no |j;atheriii;? on th<( coast, east,
or west, north or south, to inhale the hree/.e or
tlout in the liriiie. The s(!ii wasas much dreaded
by inland dwellers as the mountains were hate-
ful to the inhabitants of the plains.— Knuiht's
Eno., vol. 5, eh. 1, p. 10.
ftOOO. SEAL, Importance of the. Dritinh.
[William of Oranj^cs was welcomed in Kuj^land
and Jumes II. tied for France. The Seal of
titiite was thrown into the Thames.] Next to the
Prince of Wales the chief object of an.\iety
was tlie great seal. To that symbol of kingly
authority our jurists have always ascribed a j)e-
<;uliar and almost mysterious importance. It is
lield that if the keeper of the st al should afll.x
it, without taking the royal pleasure, to a patent
of peerage or to a pardon, though he may be
guilty of a high offence, the instrument cannot
bo questioned by any court of law, and can be
annulled oidy by an act of I'arliament. James
seems to have been afraid that his enemies might
get this organ of his will into their liands, and
might thus give a legal validity to acts which
might affect him injuriously. [It was re<;overed. J
— il.vcAULAY's Eno., eh. 9, p. 480.
5061. SECESSION, Planned. Kew Enf/lnnd.
On the night of the 2d of February, 1812, aa
Irishman, named John Henry, now u natural-
ized citizen of the United States, called at the
President's mansion and revealed to him the as-
toimding fact that the ministry of Great Britain,
co-operating with Sir James Craig, Governor of
Canada, h<td been ciif/tiriedfor mine ycarsiaa trea-
sonable scheme to distroi/ the America ti Union.
.... As early as 1H()8 the attention of the Can-
adian governor had been called to certain pub-
lished articles written by Henry against repub-
lican governments ; and the latter was summoned
to Montreal. From him ( 'raig learned of the in-
tense hostility of the Federal jiarty to the ad-
ministration, and of the great distress of New
England on account of 1 lie embargo and other
restrictions on commen-e, . . . and he was prom-
ised an annual salary of !g.")(KK) to return to Bos-
ton and become the s( cret agent of England and
Canada. The purpose of tlie conspirators was
to aggravate the popular discontent of New Eng-
land until the Ea.stern States should be induced
to secede from the Union and join themselves
with Canada. But with the repeal of the em-
bargo and the subsidence of political excite-
ment, the people were in no humor to be led
into rebellion. Sir James Craig died, and Henry,
unsuccessful and unpaid, went, in 1811, to Lon-
don, and presented his claim for £30,000 to the
English ministers; . . . but this, for services which
had resulted in nothing, was reckoiutd a serious
matter, . . . and he was sent back to get what re-
muneration he could from tlie suc(;es8or of Crai^
in Canada. Enraged at his treatment, the spy,
instead of returning to Montreal, .sailed to Bos-
ton, and going thence to Washington, divulged
the whole conspiracy to the President, surren-
dered his correspondence with C!raig, and re-
ceived therefor l|(r)0,000 out of th(' secret servieo
fund of the United States. The disclosure of
this ixrtldlous business contributed greatly to
consolidate |)ublic Hcntiment against Great Brit-
ain and to strengthen the hands of the war jtar-
ty. — HiiU'ATii's I'. B.. ch. 4U, p. ;JU2.
500!2. SECBECT, Deception in. Lieutenant-
tloirntiir llntchiitHun, Ataxn. a. I). 17(19. "I
hiimldy eiiircal your Lordshij) that my letters
may not he made i)iiblic, " was ids ever-renewed
prayer to succcssivf^ secretaries of Slate, so that
h(! con(lucl<!d the government like on(! engaged
in a conspiracy or an intrigue. Hut som*! of Ids
letters. . . discovered. . . di.sclosed that he had
laid snares for the lives of ))atriots, and had urged
the " thorough "of Englisii liberty in America. —
Banchoft's U. S., vol. 0, eh. 42.
AOO:i. SECRECY, Impenetrable. Napoleon I.
"I never," said J o.sepliine, " beheld Napoleon
for a moment perfectly at eas(!, not even with
myself. He is constantly alert. Ifatanytimo
he appears to show a little contidence, it is merely
a feint to throw the person with whom he con-
verses oir his guard, and to draw forth Lis real
sentiments ; but never does he himself disclose
his real thoughts." — Ahuott's Napolkon B.,
vol. 1, ch. 9.
5061. SECRET imperiUed, A. Cat^). [Cato
the Censor saidj that in all his life he never
repented but of three things : the first was, that
he had trusted a woman with a secret ; the
second, that he had gone by sea when he might
have gone by laml ; and the third, that he had
pa.s.sed one (hiy without having his will in his
possession. — Pi.utahcii's " Cato the Censok."
5063. SECRETS burdensome. Jonephine. Jo
sephine, frank and candid, and a stranger to all
artifice, could not easily conceal her knowledge
or her thoughts. Napoleon consefpiently seldom
intru.sted to her any plans which he was un-
willing to have known. "A secret," he once
observed, " is burdensome to Josephine." — Ab-
bott's Napolkon B., vol. 1, ch. 9.
/^^OOO. SECTARIAN, The "Wind a. Reign of
James II. [The disloyal English were waiting
to welcome William, Prince of Orange.] The
general impatience for the arrival of tlie Dutch
became every day stronger. The gales which at
this time blew obstinately from the west, and
which at once prevented the prince's armament
from sailing and brought fresh Irish regiments
from Dublin to Chester, were bitterly cursed
and reviled by the common people. The weather,
it was said, was popish. Crowds stood in Cheap-
side gazing intently at the weather-cock on the
graceful steeple of Bow Church, and praying for
a Protestant wind.— Macaulay's Eng., ch. 9,
p. 433.
5067. SECTARIANISM in Death. Mary Queen
of SeotA. [Before her speedy execution.] She
had asked for her almoner Preaux ; two Protes-
'/
^
SECTAIUAMSM-SKDI (TION.
tlul
/I
tunt ministers wen- scut to Ik r. " Miuluni, wc
<<»iiio u> (DiiHfilc you," till'}' said, stcppiiif? over
tlu; thrcHliold <if Ixr ( liuinbfr. " An* voti Cath-
olic; pritwU) ?" nIh- ciii'd. " No, " r('pli(Ml tlicy.
" Tlicii I will liavc! iiociiinfoi'tcr but JcHus.'Nho
«(i(i«!(l. Willi II niclaiiclioly tlnniiciss. — Lamak-
Tl.NKfv (.^IKKN OK SlOl'H, p. 4M.
»OOM. BECTABIANISM, Narrow, .sW//w. ^ Wil-
liam oi' ()i'aiig(! hail Ih'cii .vclcoiiifd by th(; Kii^
lisli I Aiiioii;^lht' [Scotch] in.surj^ciits wcrcsoiac
.fnv and moody men who had formerly dlH
owned Ar^jvle, and who were now oiiually eimT
to disown \Villia:i<. His highnesH, they Haul,
wii.s plainly amalijfiianl. There wa.s not a wonl
about, tUe Covenant in IiIh declarMlion. The
l)ut«;h wen- ii pi'ople with whom no true servant
of the Lord would unite. They con.sortcd with
Lutherans, and a Lutheran was us nuich a eh'ld
of |M'rdition as a .Icsuil. The general voice of
lh(! kiiiffdom, however, cfTectually drowned tin;
>rrowl of this hateful faition. -^ >L\('Ai;i,Av'rt
Em* , ch. 10. p. nttl.
!HW9. SECTS, Aversion among. DoikUikU. If
they obtained po.s.session of a church w hich had
been used by their Catholic adversaries, they
purified the unhallowed building' with the ,same
/ealou.s care which a tem]>lc of idols nught have;
rccjuired. They wanhed th(^ i)a\('menl, scraped
I he walls, Inirnt the altar, which was commonly
of wood, melted the con.seciiited plate, and cast
the Holy Eucharist to the doffs, with every cir-
cumstance of if^nominy which could provoke
and perpetuate the animosity of religious fac-
tiou.s.— Gihuon'h Homk, ch. 21, p. 2!)».
A070. SECTS, Differences of. I'ermtn—Turk.
'Vhv national religion of the Persians is the Ma-
hometnu, as reformed by Soi)hi. The slender
dilTerence of opinions between them and the
'I'urks iath*; causi; of an aversion much stronger
than (!ver subsisted between the Protestants and
Catholics. If a l^rsian were washing his hands
in a river, he would conceive himself contami-
nalcni if he knew that u Turk had bathed in it.
— Tytler'8 Hist., Ik)ok 0, ch. 23, p. 331.
5071. . Mdfjnijkd. [When the
Greeks and Latins met to form a reunion of
the t?aUiolic church in the fifteenth century they
experienced great difHeulty and tlieir labor was
ineflfective. ] In the treaty l)elween the two na-
tions several forms of consent were propo.sed,
such as might .satisfy the Latins without dis-
honoring the Greeks ; and they weighed the acru-
|)leH of words and syllables till the tlieological
i)alance trembled with a slight preponderance in
favor of the Vatican. It wa,s agreed (I nmst en-
treat the attention of the reader) that the Holy
Giiost proceeds from the Father and the Son, as
from one principle and one substance ; that he
proceeds by the Son, being of tlie same nature
and substance, and that he proceeds from the
Father and tlie Son, by one spiration and pro-
duction. — Giubon's Rome, ch. 67, p. 32L
5072. SEDITION, Partisan. "Blues'' and
" Qreens." [Against the Emperor Justinian.] A,
nulitar' force, winch had been despatched to the
aid of the civil magistrate, was tierccily encoun-
tered by an armed multitude, who.se" luimbers
and boldness continually increased ; and the
ileruli, the wildest barbarians in Ihc service of
the empire, overturned iho priests and their rel-
ics, which, from a pi(i<iH motive, had l>een rash
Iv interpoM-d to separate the liloody contli(>t
The tumult was «?xasperalcil by this sacrilege ;
the people fought willi enthusiasm in the ciium!
of God ; the women, from the roofs and win-
dows, showered Htones on the heads of the sol-
diers, who dart(>d Hrebrands against the houses ;
and the varions Mamis, which had Ihcu kindled
by tin; hands of < 'ti/.ens and strangers, spread
without control over Ihc face of the city. Tlio
contlagration involved the cathedral of Ht. So-
|)hia. tlie baths of Zeuxippus, a part of tlu; pal-
ace, from the first entrance to the altar of Mars,
and the long portico from the palace to the fo-
rum of (dnstantine ; a large hospital, with the
sick patients, was consumed ; many churchcH
and stately edifices were destroyed, and an im-
mense treasure of gold and silver was cither melt-
ed or lost. From such scenes of horror and dis-
tress th(' wi.se and v/eallhv citi/ens escaiu'd over
the Ii(>s])horus to tlu- Asiatic side ; aiul during
five days Constantinople was abandoned to the
factions, whose watchword, Nika, ranquMi!
has given a name to this memorable sedition. —
(JiiinoN's UoMK, ch. 40, p. (M.
507:1. SEDUCTION avenged. Jloniuii h'liijifror
('iirinuH. Carinus jjosscsscd arms and treiusures
siiflicient to support his legal title to the em-
pire. Hut his personal vi(;es overbalanced every
advantage of birth and situation. . . . A tribune,
who.se wife he had seduced, ,seized the opportu-
nity of rev(!nge, and, by a singU; blow, extin
guished civil discord in the blood of Ww adul-
terer. — Giiuion'h Home, ch. 12, p. 401.
5074. SEDUCTION by Promises. Henry VIH.
" If it plea.se you," the king wrote at this time
to Anne Boleyii, " to do the ofllce of a true, loy-
al mistress, and irive yourself body and heart to
ine, who have b n and mean to be your loyal
servant, I pronii you not only the name, but
that I shall make sou my sole mistress, remove
all others from my affection, and serve you
only." What stirred Henry's wrath most was
(!atherine's " stiff and obstinate" refusal to bow
to his will. Wolsey's advice that " your grace
should handle her both gently and doulcely"
only goaded Henry's impatience. — Hist, ok
Eno. Peopmc, § 549.
5075. SEDUCTION, Panishment of. ConaUin-
tine. The laws of Constantine against rapes not
only to the brutal violence which compelled, but
even to the gentle seduction which might per-
suade, an unmarried woman, under the age of
twenty-five, to leave the house of her parents.
The successful ravisher was punished with
death ; and as if simple death was inadequate to
the enormity of his guilt, he was either burnt
alive, or torn in pieces by wild beasts in the am-
phitheatre. The virgin's declaration that she had
been carried away with her own consent, instead
of saving her lover, exposed her to share his fate.
The duty of a public prosecution was intrusted
to the parents of the guilty or unfortunate maid ;
and if the sentiments of nature prevailed on them
to dissemble the in,jury, and to repair by a sub-
sequent marriage the honor of their family, they
were themselves punished by exile and confisca-
tion. The slaves, whether male or female, who
were convicted of having been accessory to rape
or seduction, were burnt alive, or put to death by
the itiL'^cnioiis torture of pouring down their
QO'Z
SI:KKIN(}-SI;|,F AHNK(!ATlON.
tlirdaUiiimanlilv of iiicltt'd It'lul. . . HiitwIiiM
rvcr the (inciicc iiiH|iiri's Icns horror thuii thr pun
ishmciil, tht; ri^or of iiciml law isolili^cd lo irivc
way to tlic coiiiiuon frrlin^H of inankind. (Iiii
IIONH lloMK, ell II, p Ht.').
5076. SEEKING for Ood. ('r»mwdl. For
my hi'h>V)>(i dauKlUrr, l<riiii;('l Ircloii, . . .
your Hisicr (laypolt- is, I ti'usi jn uicrcy, I'xcr
(iscd willi Hoin(! perplexed Ihouf^hts. She sees
iier own vaidty and carnal mind— hewailiiii,' il.
Sh(t Heeks after (as 1 hope also) what will sat-
isfy. And tkuH U) hf. a mrkfr in to be one of the hint
Mu't next to a finder ; and. Huch <i one nhall ereri/
J'aithful humhle set he he at the end. Happy
seeker, haitpy Under ! Who ever tasted that
the liord is gracious, without some sense of
s<nf, vanity, and liadness V Who ever lasted
that ^raciousness of His, and could ^o less in
desiri; I i.e. , /«''•(/»««' Uhh ileniroiifi], less pressiiij^
after full enjoyment ? Dear heart, press on ;
let not thy hiishand, let not anythin>r cool thy
alTectioriM after (Jlirist. I hope he \l/ii/ /lunhand]
will he an occasion lo intiame them. That
which is hest worlliy of love in thy husharid is
that of tlu! imap- of (.'lirisl he hears. lA)ok on
thai, and love it liest, and all the rest for that.
[ pray for thee and him; do .so for me. — Hood's
('lio\iwKM,, eh. 12, p. Ifll.
5077. SELF, Conquest of. Mulioniet. He in-
stituted in each year a fast of thirty days, and
Hirentiously recoiiunended the ohservance as a
disciplint? which purifies the .sold and suhdues
the ixidv, liS a salutary e.\creis(' of ohediencc^
to the will of Ood and his apostle;. Duriiij^ the
month of Huniaihiii, from the risin^ij to the set-
ting of the .sun, the Mussulman abstains from
ealin;r_ mid drinking, and women, and baths,
and perfumes ; from all nourishnuuits that can
restore his strenj^th, from all pleasure that can
•gratify liis .sen.ses. In the revolutions of the
lunar year tlu; Hainadan coincides, by turns,
with tlie winter cold and the summer heat ; and
the paticMit martyr, without assua^^inir hif thirst
with a drop of water, must expect tiie clo.se of
a tedious and .sultry day. The interdiction of
wine, jM'culiar to some orders of ])rlests or her-
mits, is converted by Mahomet alone into a pos-
itive and i^eneral law ; and a considerable por-
tion of the i^lobe has abjured, at his command,
Ihe use of that salutary though danjjerous
licjuor. — GimtoN's M.mio.mkt, p. 2H.
507M. SELF first. Ihnoi-H. [Battle with
Xerxes.] . When they came to the Isth-
mus, and every otHcer (of the Athenians] took
a bullet from the 'iltar to inscribe upon it
the names of tho.se that had done the best ser-
vice, every one put himself in the first place,
and Themistocles in the .second. — Plutarcfi's
" TnEMlHT0CI,E8."
5079. SELF, Mastery of. Alfred the Great.
Scholar and soldier, artist and man of business,
poet and saint, his character kept that perfect
balance which charms us in no other Englishman
save Shakespeare. And all was guided, con-
trolled, ennobled by a single aim. " So long as
I have lived," said the kmg as life closes about
him, " I have striven to live worthily." Little
by little men came to know what such a life of
worthiness meant. Little by little they came to
recognize in .Elfred a ruler of higher sind no-
bler stamp than the world had wu'ii. Novor had
il seen a king who lived solely for the g(HMi of
his people. Never had it seen a ruler who set
aside every personal aim to devote himself solely
to the welfan; of those whom \w ruled. It was
this grand self-mastery that gavt; him his power
over the men about him. — Iiiht. ok En<>. Pko-
n,i;, ;; «0,
50N0. SELF ABNEGATION In Oratory. /V
miiMf/ienen. 'I'hal which j^haracterizes Demosthe-
nes more than any other circumstance, and in
which li(( has never been imitated, is such an
aliMolule oblivion of himself, and so scrupulous
and constant a Holicitude to sii|>presH all oslen
tation of wit — in a word, such a perpetuid care
lo coiitine the attention of the auditor lo Ihe
cause, and not to the orator, that he never sutTers
any one turn of thought or expression lo escape
him which has no other view than merely
lo please and shine. This reserve and inodera
lion in so lliu; a genius as Demoslhenes, and in
matters .so susceptible of grace and elegance,
adds |)erfe(;tion to his merit, and renders him
siii)erior to all praises. — Koi.i.in'h Hist.. Hook
10. s; 2.
50MII. SELF ABNEGATION, Patriotic. lieyu-
liiM. I Attilus Uegulus led the Homan armv against
the {'arthaglnians and was captured. | ('arthuge
. . . began seriously to wish for peace. Ambas-
sadors for that purpose were despatched to
Rome ; and Uegulus was sent along with them
[to encourage the negotiation-]. They exacted
at the .saiiu! tinu; from him an o;ith that he would
return to Carthage in case their should neither
he peace nor an exchange of i)risoners. To the
surprise of all, this great and generous man
used his utmost endeavors todi.ssuad' his coun-
trymen from agreeing to a j)eace ; a proposition
which he represented as proceeding solely from
the weakness of the enemy, whom, by continu-
ing Ihe war, they would comjx'l to any submis-
sion. But still further, he even dissuaded his
countrymen from consenling to an (exchange of
prisoniTs ; a measun- which he endeavors to con-
vince them must be to their disadvantage, from
this circumstance, that they had in their hands
many of the best oflicers of \hv enemy, wlumi
they Would be obliged to exchange against pri-
vate men. His arguments prevailed, and the
negotiation was broken olT. . . . The Ponti-
fex Maximus, on being con.sulled on the validity
of the oath he. had sworn to return to Carthage,
gave it as his opinion that, il having been ex-
torted by the ncces.sity of his situation, he was
under no obligation to observe it. But the noble
.soul of Uegulus could not admit of such eva-
sion. Disregarding the entreaties of his friends,
the tears of his wife and children, the urgent re-
monstrance of the senate and of the whole Ro-
man people, this generous and heroic man re-
solved that the terror of consequences, how
dreadful soever, should not persuade him to a
violation of his honor. "lam not ignorant,"
said he, ' ' that death and the severest tortures
are preparing for me ; but what are these to the
stain of an infamous action, the reproach of a
guilty mind ? I have sworn to return to Car-
thage ; it is therefore my duty to go. Let the
gods direct the consequence as to their wisdom
shall seem best." To Carthage accordingly he
returned, where, as he had foreseen, he siiffered
Si;i,l'( (»,M,\IANI)-SKLF I'OSSKSSloN
()():<
iKTiit'liinil iL'iiuiiiiniiiiiNcli'iiili 'rYii.KKH IIiht ,
Mook :<, < ii t). |i mu
AOM4. SELF COMMAND a|f4lnit Faar. Wit
liiiiii III. tMirdiiy wlicii W'llliiiin III vviin in
llic Irniclu's llicfort' llic walls uf Niimiir| llic
ilcpiity KoviTiior of tlic Kiiiik ol' Hiii;IhihI pliirrd
liimH4'if ui liJN side. " Mr (Jodfrcy, " miiil llic
kiiij^, " why do you cxpoMi* yoin'Nrlf '!" Tlic
liOiidoruT rcplldl, ' Not l)ciiiK nion' cxposrd
limn your Miijcsly, Hhoiild I lit- I'xcumililc if I
hIiowimI inoif concern "'" VVillliini, who hud ii
Npcciiil o'ljcction to men K"i'>K iN'yond their ( tin
inJsHioi', replied. " I iiin in my duty iind there
fore liiive II more reiiMormlde claim to preservii
tlon " A cannon liall in a fi'W minutes llnish-
od the eiireer of the ovcr-/.eiilous iiinuteiir. —
Kniomt'h Knu , vol, .■>, cii \'i. p IHl
»0M:I. 8ELFC0NTR0L, Bemarkable. huh-
Friilrric. It is hut justice to this most respcct-
ahle man to reliite an anecdote, told liy Uo>;er
Ast'ham, preceptor to Queen Klizahelli, who,
when in Oermany, was (lersoinilly accpiainted
Willi him. I)uk(f Freileric was taken prisoner
liy (Jharles V. in the hatlle of Mulher;;, and upon
a representiition of some of his councillors that
the exemplary punishment of so eminent a man
would provi! of ijreat service in checking the
[irogrossof the Ueformation, the ein|)er()r, for
fretting his own ohli;;atioiis to him, condemned
him to be heheuded, on a .scalfold, at Wilteii
\wx\r. The warrant for his execution, sij^iu-d
by th(! emperor's hand, was .sent to Duke Fn^d-
eric the nif^ht liel'ore, and was delivered to him
while hv was playiim at chess, with his cousin,
the landjL^rave of Litlienheri;. lie read it over
Httentiv(;ly, and then folding; it up, " | perceive,"
said he, " that I fall a victim to my religion,
and that inv death is necessary to the emperor's
schemes of distinguishing the I'rotcstnnt faith.
Hut Ood will maintiiin his own cau.se. dome,
sinner," said Ik;, ' take heed to your game ; "
and then, with tlu; same composure as if he had
received a private letter of little import^ince, he
continued to play till he had defeated his antag-
onist. It is a satisfaction to learn that the eni-
l>eror, impressed, as is .said, by this admirable
example of fortitude, gave immediate orders for
a recall of the warrant, and ever afterward
treated the elecitor of Saxony with the highest
respect and esteem. — Tyti.kk s Hiht. , Book (t.
eh. 19, p. 'im.
5084. SELF-DENIAL, Conception of. Anwr-
ifan Indian. The Indian, detesting restraint,
was perpetually imposing on him.self extreme
hardships, that by penance and suirering he
might atone for his offences, and by acts of self-
denial he might win for himself the powerful
favor of the invisible world. — Banokokt'b U. 8.,
vol. 3, ch. 32.
50Sft. SELF DENIAL, UnavaiUng. lio^. Wil-
liam Bramwdl. \ lie wius inclined to piety from
his childhood, but] an exemplary life could not
satisfy the demands of his conscience. He
sought relief by austerities, Avhich only exasper-
ated his sufferings ; he would bow for hours
with his knees bare on sand which he sjiread on
the floor, confe.ssing his .sins and repeating his
prayers. He spent his holidays meditating in
the solitude of the woods ; he fasted and watch-
<'d, and took solitary walks throughout the night.
After protracted .struggles he received better
views of failli, while partaking nt llie Lord h
Supper at the church of I'ie«.t(.n - Sri-VKNH'
.Mki'iioiuhm. vol 'i, p :tOU
5OM0. SELF DESTRUCTION, Working for.
Mukiiifi AniiK. (In a.I> -tilt .\lari<' the Ooth
plundered Koine lie was made master general
of Kaslern lllyricuin | The use to which Alar
ic applied his new command disiinguishcM tho
llrm and Judicious character of his policy. Hn
issued hisorilers to the four maga/iiies anirmanii-
i factures of offensive and defensive arms, .Murgiis,
Ulitiaria, Naissus, and Thes.saloiiica, to providi;
his troops with an e«' raordinar} supply of
shii^lds, helmets, swords, and sp<'ars . the unhap-
py provincials were coin|M-lled to forge the in-
struments of their own destruction : and the bar-
barians removed the oidy defect which hai' sonx -
limes disappointed the efforts of their «u)iirage.
-Oiiuion'h Uomk, eh. ;{(!, p. IMH.
50M7. SELF OOVEBNMENT, Baaii of. hVam-e.
France had tried Kepublicanism, and the exper-
iiiK^nt had failed |and Napoleon became dicbi-
tor). There was neither intelligence nor virtue
among the people siiflhieiit to enable them to
govern themselves. During ages of oppression
th(!y had sunk into an abyss from whence tluty
could not rise, in a day. to the dignity of free-
men. Not one in thirty of the population of
France could either read or write Religion,
with all its reslrainlM, was scouleil as fanaticism.
— AmtoTTs Nai'oi.kon H,. vol I, ch, 11}
AOMM. SELF GOVERNMENT, Capacity for.
MaxHarhiistitH. a.d, 1774. As the supervision
of (royal) government disappeared, each man
seemed more and more a law unto hitn.self ; and
as if to show that the world had been governcsd
too much, order prevailed in a province where,
in fact, there existed no regular governnuint, no
adiniiHstration but committees, no military offl-
c(!rs but those chosen by Ihe militia. Vet never
were legal magistrates obeyed with more alac-
rity. — BA.NfitoKT's r. S., vol 7, ch. Ui,
50M0. SELF GOVERNMENT, Faculty of. Ho-
mauH — h'lif/liM/i. Tit the student of political his-
tory, and to the English student al)ove all oth-
ers, the conversion of the Uoinan re|)ublic into
a military empire commands a ixculiar interest.
Notwithstanding many differences, the English
and the Romans essentially rescinbU; oik; another.
The early Romans pos-sessed tin; faculty of
self government beyond any iH'ople of whom we
have historical knowledge, with the one excep-
tion of ours(!lves. — Fuouuk'h ('.«sak, ch. 1.
ft090. SELF GOVERNMENT withheld. Vir-
ginia Colony. The first written charter of a per-
manent American colony, which was to be the
chosen abode of liberty, gave to the mercantile
corporation nothing but a desert tx^rritory, with
the right of j)eopling and defending it, and re-
.served to the monarch absolute h gislative au-
thority, the control of all apiM)intments, and a
hope of ultimate revenue. To themselves it con-
ceded n(»t one elcf^tivt^ franchise, not one of the
rights of .self-government.— Bancroft's Hist.
OK U. S.. ch. 4.
5091. SELF POSSESSION, Brave. Admiral U
Fort. One diiy, after a dinner of unusual ex-
cess, he [Peter the Great] fell into a dispute with
Admiral Le Fort, and was so transported with
fury that lie rushed upon bim sword in hand.
Mi
Si;i,K I'lloTIK TKJN SKNMK.
!.<< Kort, with iKlniirnlilr Nilf iiimM'HNion, harrd
liiM Immohi to tlif Hirokc, and hIikhI inotiuiili'MM to
rc('rlv(; it. TIm' c/.ar, driiiik mm In- wuh, wuk re
culiiMi to liiiiiM-lf liy IIiIm iictldii, |>iil up IiIh Nwivnl,
mill, UN Mton liM III' wikN II llitlc Niilicrrd, piililicly
ii'^.ki'il \,v Fiirl'n |Miriliin for Ills violfiicr. " I uiii
iryliiu. " Hiiit lir. " lo 11 rorni my loiiiilry, ami I
mil not yi'l iilili' to reform myru'lf " — (Jvci.oi'k-
IJI \ Ml lilou , |l CIO
aO(»)i. IILF PROTECTION flrit. U'ur. Ore
ciaii law;j;lvi'rN I wrre woiil lo| piiiiiMli liiiii who
throws away IiIh NJiiclil, not him who Ioscn his
swonl or Hpcar ; IIiiim iiiHlnirliii^ im that tint
first rari' of rvi'ry man, fNiK'cially of rvcry jcov-
iTiior of acity, on'oiiimanilrr of an army, Mhoiild
he to defend hliiiHelf, and after that he is to
III Ink of annoy iiif^ llieenemy — I'liitmu'iih I'iv
l.lll'IIIAH
AO0:i. SELF RELIANCE, Ezoellcnoe in. Dnr
iln Ijianroitrf. I.oiiIm IMiiliptii' and lirolhers vIn
iled . . . Mount Vernon. The amialtle Due dc
Maneourt hore lii.s reverHesof I'orlwiK^ with jfreal
mannanimily. lie used to .say: "In the days
of my powir ai.d iillluenee, under the aneienl
reilinw of France, I kept (Ifty servants, and yet
my coal was never so well brushed as it i,s now."
— (IliMTis' Wasiiinoto.n, vol. I, eh. 22.
AOft'l. SELF RELIANCE, Suooeii by. (hiurnl
Urant. \\U' proposed to pa.ss his ^un-lioatM
nasi the formidaiile Imtleries of V'iekslmrji;. |
When the idea heeaine known to those in IiIh in-
tiiiiiicy, to his stall', and to his eorjis command
eiH, it He«'med to lliein full of diinK<^r. To move
hisaimy below Vickshur^ was l()se|mrate it from
the North, and from all its supplies ... If fail
iirt' ciinii! it was sure to lu^ overwhelmin/^. . . .
Sherman, MclMierson, liopin, Wilson— all op
posed his plan. | Ills persistence occasioned the
lull of Vick.sl)urK. I -liiOADi.Kv'H Oiiant, p. 101.
A09A. SELF SACRIFICE, Mapanimity of. Al
eTtdiikr. |Wliv'n the army ot Alexander flu?
Great was marching tigiiinst DariiLs, in cro.ssing
the desert.s| they often suffered more for want of
walertlian by fatigue ; many of the <avalry were
unable to hold out. While they wen; upon the
march some Maceiloninns had tlUed their bottles
;il a river, and were bringing the water upon
mules, Tliese people, .seeing Alexander greatly
distres.sed with thirst (for it was in \\u\ heat of
\\\v day), immediately Hlled a helmet with water,
and presented it to him. He asked them to
whom tlioy were carrying it, and they said,
"Their sons; but if our prince does but live,
we shall get other children, if we lose them."
Upon this he took the helmet in his hands ; but
looking ro\ind, and seeing all the horsemen bend-
ing their heads, and ttxing their eyes upon the
water, he returned it without drinking. How-
ever, \w pruiscd the people that offered it, and
.sai(i, " U I alone drink, these good men will be
diHl)irit(!<l." The cavalry, who were witnesses
lo Mils act of temperance and magnanimity, cried
out, " Let us march ! We are neither weary
nor thirsty, nor shall we even think ourselves
mortal, wliili! under the conduct of such a king."
At the .same time they put .spurs to their horses.
— I'l.UTAKCU'S Al.KXANDEK.
5090. SELFISHNESS, Petulant, Rmnan No-
hlfH. When they have called for warm water,
il a slave has been tardy in his obedience, he is
instantly i liaNllHi'd with three hundred liinlies .
but should the Haiiie slave eoinmil a wilful miir
der, the nuiHler will mildly observe that he is u
worthlesM fellow, but that if he re|H'alH the of
fence, he shall not I'M! ape punlNliment.— Uiii
iiiiNH ItiiMK, ch. :il, p 2'itt
AOf»r. SENSATION, Publio, VnitUiiii John
Smith. [Hased on tli tlon | Then It wiiM- eight
vears after his residence with I'owhalitn- that
lie llrsi told the flllliolls tale of his rescue by INm'-
ahonliis from a violent death. DoiibtleHM he
told it to help the advertising scheme, and to ex
eus4> his old irieiid Holfe foi' niarrviiig an Indian
girl. He wrote a letter to the Queen of Kng
land, recommending the " Virginia I'rineesH" to
her Slajesty, in which henseil the following lan-
guage : "After some six weeks' fatting among
I those Miivage courtiers, at the minute of my exe
culioii, she ha/.arded the beating out of her own
bruins to save mine; and not only that, but ho
prevailed with her father that I was safely coii-
diicled lo .lamestown " The trick succee<led to
admiration. I'ocahonlas became the lion of the
London season. The king and (|ueeii received
her at court with grai ions civility; \\h\ blHhop
of London gavi; her a haiiipiet, and King .lames
eonsulled his council upon the(|ueslion, whether
Holfe had not committed a grave offenci! in
marrying a princess of an imperial house I After
a year's stay in Kngland |ioor I'oeahontas, sick
from the change in her mode of living, and yet
unwilling to go. Met out with her husband on her
reliirn home. While waiting at Gravesend for
ihe sailing of the ship, she »' '. — (-'yci-opki»ia
OK liioii., p. <)5U.
a09M. SENSATIONALI y Singnlftrity.
Saniud Jolumoii. Mosw i;i,i. : " Is it wrong then,
sir, to affect singulurity, in order to niuke peo
pie stare ?" Johnson : "Yes, if you do It by
proi)agating error ; and, indeeil, it is wrong in
any way. Tlien^ is in human nature a general
inclination to make p«;oplestar<' ; and every wise
man has him.self the cure of it, and docH cure
himself. If you wish to makc! people stare by
doing better than others, why, make them stare
till they stare their eyes out. Hut consider how
easy it is to make people stari', by being alMurd.
I may do it by going mto a drawing-room with-
out my shoes. You remember the gentleman
in the Spectator, who had a commission of
lunacy taken out against him for his extreme
singularity, such as never wearing a wig, but a
nightcap. Now, sir, abstractedly, the night-(!ap
was best ; but, relatively, the advantage was
overbalanced by his making the boys run after
him." — Boswki.i.'h JoirNSON, p. 161.
5009. SENSE, Effect of good. Joan cf Arc.
The originality of the Pucelle, the secret of her
success, was not her courage or her visions, but
her good sense. Amid all her enthusiasm the
girl of the people clearly saw the question, and
knew how to resolve it. The knot which poli-
ti(!ian and doubter could not unloose she cut.
She pronounced, in God's name, Charles VII. to
be the heir ; she rea.ssured him as to his legiti-
macy, of which he had doubts himself, and she
sanctirted this legitimacy by taking him straight
to Reims, and by her qiuckness gaining over the
English the decisive advantage of the Govooa-
ti(m.— .Miciiki.kt'h Joan of Akc, p. 1,
HKNSK-MKNHIAI.IIV
(K)5
I'll lllHl4('M ,
vilfiil rniir
lliiil he Im II
• tllN 1|m< (if
n'lil,- (Jim
I'taiii John
WIIH- tti^hi
iiiljiii— llml
lie liy |»(M'
iiilitli'tw \\v
llllll to )>X
)ii\\\ liidiun
I'll of Kri^
"rillCI'MM" to
liiwin^ Ihii-
iii^ iiinoiig
oC my cxc
of licr own
llllt, llllt HO
Miifcly con-
H'cccdcd to
lion of the
I'll rcci'lvcil
till! IliHllOjl
viiiK .liiincH
HI, wlu'llior
olfmici! ill
use I After
lontiiN, Hi(;k
ii>r, hikI vol
)un<l on ficr
iv('«on(l for
V(;i,<>l>KI>lA
Mngpilarity.
vroiij; tlicn,
) iiiuku |H'o
)ii do it liy
» wronj^ in
re a gcncrttl
1 every wise
1 docH cure
;>le stJire by
tliem Btare
nsidor how
ingalMurd.
room wilh-
gcntleman
mission of
ns extreme
wig, but u
e night-cftp
intiigo WHS
'8 run after
an of Arc.
icret of her
Msious, but
iiHiaiun the
cstion, and
(vhich poli-
8c she cut.
rles VII. to
9 his Icgiti-
If, and she
Im straight
ig over the
he cotona-
1.
ilrud— (Jlllllo.SH
h'/iiilir SfhiHil,
wiiN fonndrd
AI<N». S£N8Ed«o«lT«d. <h„mli,-». Tlie <iiio«
litH \si'rii dUlliiKuitlii'il l>\ till I'pitlii'l uf
/hx-itm, . . llllll iM'Iriiyi'd llie liiiitiiin uliile
lliey iiKsiTti'il llir divliir niiliiri' of CliriHl. . . .
They viiinly pri'ti'iiiliil tlmt lli*' iinpi'tri'i'lloiiN of
iniiller are iiiroiiipalilili' with llie purity of ii re
li'MtJiil Mulwliilire While tlie blood of riiriiHt yel
xiiioUed on Mount ('ulviiry, the DoeeieM Invented
llie linpioiiH and eMnivaguiit liypotheHU that,
itixli'iid of IksuIiik from the womb of the VirKlii,
I le had ileHeemled oil the hunks of the .Ionian in
llie foi'iii of perfeet manhood ; that he had im
|iusi'il on the NenseH of IIIm enemies and of His
disi iples, and that (he ininiMlers of I'ilale had
wasted their im|H)tenl ra^^- on an airy |)hanli)m.
will) utiiniil to expire on the eross, iind after
lliree days to rise from the
l<o,Mi.:, eh. '21, p. '.m.
AIOI. SENSE, FalUolotti.
'I'he I'iienlle sect of phiiosophy , . . was tounii
by Xenophiines about live liundred years lielore
Christ. They maintained tlial things had neither
a heginiiliig, an end, nor any change ; that all
the phenomena which we see of changes in the
visible world are entirely In our own senses ; and
that of the real essence of thiiiLTs we have no per
eeplion, and llierefore can attain to no kmiwl
edge ; but as our senses ari^ fallacious, and it is
only thiougli tlieir medium that we perceive any-
tiling, so we caiiniit. trust to them, and therefore
have no assurance of the truth of anything what
ever. Vet upon this basis of nntliiiig, the l']ieat
icH (strange to tell) raised u Hyslem of physics,
of which the principal doctrines re, tlial the
universi! was a compound of tlic iu° elements ;
that tlic stars were lilndleil up U\ llie motion of
tlie clouds; tliat tlic sun was an immcnsi^ body
of Ignited vapor; but that various suns lighted
various jiarts of the eartli ; and, tlnaily (Ihcoiiiy
lalional dogma, tliough not derived iiy any log-
ical I iference from premises), that there is l)ut
one Ood, who rules oNcr all nature. — Tv'n,i;ii's
ilisr., Hook -J, ch. !», p. 'JOo.
5104. SENSIBILITY, Exquisite. Otira' (IM-
Kiitilh. All at once he threw down his cards,
hurried out of the room and into the street.
lie returned in an iiisiani, resumed his scat, and
the game went on. Sir VVilliaui, after a little
liesitatioii, ventured to ask the cause of his re-
treat, fearing he had been overcome by the heat
of tlie room. ' Not at all," replied Oold-
smitli ; " but in truth I could not bear to hear
that unfortunate woman in the street, half sing-
ing, luilf sobbing, for sucli tones could only
arise from the extremity of distress ; her voice?
grated painfully on my car and jarred my
frame, .so that I could not rest until I had sent
her away." It was in fact ii ]ioor ballad-singer
who.se cracked voice had been lieard by others
of the party, but without having the samcelTect
on their sensibilities. — IiiviNo's Goi-dhmitii,
oh. 35, p. 20','.
A103. SENSIBILITY, Nervoas. Si>iitlu:y. It
would not do for Southcy to burn awuy to-day
iu some white liaiiic of excitement the nerve
which he needed for u.se tomorrow, lie could
not afford to pass a sleejjle.ss niglit. If lii.s face
glowed or his brain throbbed, it was a warning
that he liad gone far enougli. His
tibility to nervous exciicnient
the more reiiuisite. ..." ''he truth is," writes
Southcy, " tlijit though noiiic Ihtmoiii. wIiom'
knowli'il|;e of me is Miircely skill dei'p, ><uii|Hme
have no nervi'H, becaiiM* I liuve greiil M'lf con
His very suseep-
rendcreil Cii'ition
Mv ax
Irol lis far aM regards the surfucK, If it were not
for great self inanageinenl, and wliiil may In*
called a strict intellectual regllileli. I Mhoiild
very soon be in a deplorable state of what is
calfed nervous dlHeasi', and this would liave
been the case any time during the lust Iweiilv
years." And again : " A man i.uti tH'tler breiik
a hone, or even Idmc ii limb, than shake liU ner
voiiH Hyslem." Dow iu:n's Sol riiKV, ch -I
5IOI. SENSITIVENESS to Dafeot. /VoV//. </
Miifiiloii. |IIc be>>ieg(il the city of Melhoiie.)
•Vsier of .\mphipolis iiad otTcied IiIk service to
I'hilip as so excellent a marksman that he could
bring dow n birds in their iiiomI rajiid tllKhl The
monarch made this answer : " Well. I will take
you Into my service when I make war upon
starlings ;" which answer stung the cross how-
man to the ipiick A repartee piovcs often of
fatal consequence lo him who makes ii . and it
is no small merit to know when to hold one's
tongue. Aster having thrown himsell into the
city, he let lly an arrow, on which was written,
" 'I'll I'hilip's right eye," and gave liim a most
cruel proof that he was a good maiksman , for
It hit him in his right eye I'hilip >eiil him
hack to; same iiirow with this inscription, " If
I'hilip takes the city, he will hang up .\ster ,"
and accordingly he was as good as his word. A
skilful surgeon drew the arrow out of I'hilipH
eye with so much art and dexterity tliat not the
least scar remained ; and thouuh he could not
save his eye, he yet took away the blemish. Miit
nevertheless this monarch was so weak as to he
angry whenever any person ha|)peiii'd lo let slip
the word Cyclops, or even the word eye, in his
presence. — Uoi. I, INH Hisr., Mook 14, i 11.
510.1. SENSUALITY, Imperial. ('omm,Hlii».
The Kmpcror Commodus valued nothing in hov-
creiLrn power except the unbounded license of
indulging liissensiial appetites. His hours were
spent in a seraglio of three hundred beautiful
women, and as many boys, of every rank and
of every province; and wherever the artjs of se-
duction proved inelTcctual, the brutal lover had
recourse to violence. The ancient historians
have expatiated on these abandoned scenes of
prostitution, which scorned every restraint of
nature or modesty ; but it would not be easy to
translate their too faithful descriptions into th««
decencv of modeiii lanirua!;!'.— (imuoN's lio.viK,
ch. 4, p. 111.
5100. SENSUALITY, Religious. l',i;/anii.
The temple and the village (of l),'iphnc| were
deeply bosomed in a thick grove of laurels luid
cyiire.s.ses, which reached as far as a <'ircumlVr-
enc(? of ten miles, and formed in the most sultry
summers a cool and impenetrable shade. A
thou.sand streams of the purest water, issuing
from every hill, preserved the verdure of the
earth and tlie teni])erature of theair ; the .senses
were gratitied with harmonious sounds and aro
malic odors ; and the peaceful grove was coiise
crated to health and joy, to luxury and love.
The vigorous youth pursued, like Apollo, tin-
object of his desires ; and the blushing maid
was warned, by lUv fate of Daphne, to slum the
folly of unseasonable {;oyness. The soldier and
llie'philosoplier wisely avoided the temptutiou
roc
SENTI.MKNT— SKI{FA(Ji;.
(if this M'liMml |>iini(liH", where pleiiMwrc, ussum-
111^ tlie clmnieier of rclisrion. iiiiperceplilily
(iJHHolved tlie tinniics.s ol' iiianly virtue. Hut the
>;r()ves of Daphne continued lor nmny ajjjes to
enjoy tlio veneration oi natives and Htruni^ers ;
the privile!,'e.s of liii' holy i^round were enlar^red
liy the inuniliccnce of Hucceedin;; emperors ;
and (tviTy ;j;('neMilion added new ornaments to
the splendor of tlii' temple. — (JiHiioNs U(..viK,
<li. 2:$, p. 41K.
.1197. SENTIMENT ignored, llnniiins. To
prevent tlie risk of a .second act of insidiordina-
iion, Sylla [llie Pietalor] made ])ersonal arranice-
inents to attach I'ompey directly to himsell.
Me had a step dau^^hter named .Kmilia. She
was already married, and was prci^nant. I'om-
\H\ too was married to Antistia, a lady of f^ood
family ; hut domestic- li(\s were not allowed to
stand in llie way of hij^her ohjects. Nor did it
matter that Antislia's father liad lieen murdered
liy the Koman ])opulace for takinn' Sylla's side,
111- that her motlier had ;jone mad and desti'oycd
lier'<clf on her husband's liorrible death. I^ate
Kepulilican Home was not troubled with senti-
ment. HyUu invited I'omiM'v to divorct; Antis-
tia and marry .Kmilia. l^impey compli(;d.
Antistia was sent away, /Kmilia was divorced
from her husband, and was brou<;ht into J'om-
])ey's house, wliere she innnediately died. —
Kkoudk'h C;.KS.\K, ch. H.
5IOS. SENTIMENTS, Power ol'. Jan,- MarCiru.
.Iidy, 1777. Jane Mact'rea, a young woman
of twenty, betrothed to a loyalist in the liriti.sh
«ervi<'0 and estcieminj; herself under tlie protec-
tion of British arms, was riding from Fort Ed-
ward [N. V.) to the Hrilish camp at Sandy Hill,
escorted by two Indians. TIk! Indians (|uarrelle(l
about tiie reward otl'ered on her .safe arrival, and
at half a mile from Fort iidward one of them
sunk a tomahawk in her skull. TIh; incident
wiks not of unusual barbarity ; but this massacre
of a lK!trotlicd girl on her way to her lover
tou(!hed the hearts of all who heard the story.
— Banikokt's V. S., vol. 9, ch. 22.
li 109. SENTIMENT, Public. Better tan n
Lain*. Lycu.-gus left none of his laws in writ-
ing ; it was ordered in one of the Ji/ietrw that
none should be written. For what he thought
most conducive to the virtue and hapi)iiie.ss of a
city was print:iples interwoven with the man-
ners and breeding of the people. These would
remain immovable as formed in inclination, and
be the slrongiist and most lasting tie ; ami the
habits which educntion produced in the youth
would answer in each the purpose of a law-
giv(;r, — I*h;t.\H( lis " Lycukois."
5110. . Man/ Queen of Sc/its.
I After Mary Ciueen of Scot.s had married lioth-
well, the supj)«).s(d murderer o' her previous
husband, she was soon captured by a confeder-
.•icy of nobles who .sought to put down the pow-
er of iJothwell. I She wa.s conducted into Edin-
burgh amidst the execrations of an infuriated
populace. The soldiers carried a banner on
which was painted the body of the murdered
Darnley lying under the tree near the kirk of
P^ield, anci a child kneeling beside it, with the
legend "Judge and avenge my (lau.se, O Lord."
This t«rribl(! flag was paradtid bi'fore lier ; and
when she awoke ne.\t morning, and looked out
of the window of the provost house in which
she had been lodged, the same dreadful repre-
sentation wa.s hung up to meet her first ga/.e. In
her despair she att( inpted to address tlit! people,
who were moved to some pity at her agony.
Il'ublic .sentiment jiunished the murderess.] —
Knkjiits VjSv... vol. :i, ch. !», p. I4!».
5111. SENTIMENTS, Irrepressible. Aapole-
on /. [lie deelaicd there was no nobility out
that of merit, yel | he divorced his faithful Jo-
sephine and married a (laughter of the I'a'.sars,
that by an illustrious alliance he might avftU
him.self of this \inive»-.sal and innate prejudice.
No power of rea.soning can induce one to l(H)k
with the same interest upon the child of (,'u^sar
and tluMihild of tla^ beggar. — Aitito'rT's Nai'o-
i.i'.oN H.. vol. 1, ch. 1.
5113. SEPULCHBE, Kissing the Holy. C'ni-
KiKlirx. [The ("ru.saders had taken the; city of
Jerusalem.] The holy .sepulchre was now free,
and the bloody victors prepared to accomplish
their vow. Bareheaded and barefoot, with con-
trite hearts, and in a humble ]iosture, they as-
cended the hill of Calvary, amidst the loud an-
thems of the clergy. kis,s('d the stone which had
(lovered the Saviour of the world, and bedewed
with tears of joy and penitenci- the monument
of their redemption. — (JinnoNs Komk, ch. 58,
p. 55)4.
5113. SEPULCHBES, Economy in. Attwuiana.
The (\<pense was excessive at the death of great
pc'rsons, and their sepulchres were as sumptuous
and magnificent as tho.se of the liomans in the
ag(! of Cicero. Demetrius made a law to abol-
ish this abuse, whic^h had passed 'nto a custom,
and inflicted penalties o. those who disobeyed
it. lie also ordenid the cenmionials of funerals
to be performed by night, and none were per-
mitted to place any other ornament on tombs
than a column three cubits high, or a plain tab-
let, merisaiii, and ap])ointed a parti(Uilar magis-
trate to enforce tlu; observation of this law. —
Uoi.lin'h lIiHT. , I'ook 1(5, tj 5.
till 4. SEPULTUBE, Preparation for. Spar-
ttin«. The body of Agesilaus was carried to
Sparta. Those who were about him not having
honey, with which it wii.'i the Spartan custom to
cover the bodies they wished to embalm, made
u.se of wax in its .stead. — Hoi.mn's Hist., Book
12, i^ 10.
5 1 15. SERENADE, Besponse to. Ahrafuim Lin-
ml II. On the o(uasion of a serenade, the Presi-
dent was called for by the crowd assembled. He
appeari!(l at th(( window with his wife (who is
sonuiwhat below the medium height), and made
the following brief remarks : " Here I am, and
here is Mrs. Tjincoln. That's the long and .short
of it." — Raymond's Lincoln, J). 749.
5116. 8EBF AGE, Burdens of. England. Thir-
teenth Century. The troubU-s f)f the time help<;d
hen; as elsewhere the progress of the town :
serfs, fugitives from justice or their lord, the
trader, the Jew, naturally sought shelter under
the strong hand of St. Edmund. Hut the set-
tlers were wholly at the abbot's mercy. Not b
s(!ltler but was bound to pay his pence to the
abbot's treasury, to jilow a rood of his land, to
reap in his harvest-field, to fold his sheep in the
abbey folds, to help bring the annual catch of
eels from the abbey waters. Within the four
crosses tliMt bounded the abbot's domain land
%',
fill ropre-
t gii'/Ai. in
K- people,
cr iijjony.
di'icss.] —
j\iil)ole-
liility Dill
illitui Jo-
{' Ca'sara,
ijL^llI RVftil
prejudice.
<■ to look
of (,'u!Hnr
TH Nai'o-
oly. C'nt-
Ik; city of
now tree,
ccoinplisli
with cf)ii-
thcy US-
loud aii-
wliich had
1 hcdowcd
iiioiuiinciit
IK, ch. rtH,
Atfwuians.
Ii of great
tuinptuous
ans ill the
w to abol-
a custom,
diaol)eyed
;)f funcraln
were per-
on tombs
I plain tab-
ilar magiH-
liis law. —
for. Spar-
carried to
not having
I custom to
aim, made
I8T., Book
•afuim Lin-
the Presi-
ibled. He
ife (who is
and made
I am, and
\ and short
ind. Thir-
ime helped
the town :
lord, the
Iter under
lit the set-
y. Not H
nee to the
lis land, to
leep in the
1 catch of
1 the four
main land
SEUMON— SEVEUITV
607
and water were liis : liic ( utile of the towiisinen
paid for their pasture nii llie coniiMon ; it' the
fullers refused the loan of their cloth, the cellar
ers would refuse the use of Ine sireiini, and
.Hcizc their looms wherever they found them.
No to'ii might lie levied from tetianl.s of I Ik;
abbey farms, and customeis had to wait before
hliop and .stall till the buyers of tlu; abbot bad
had the nick of the market. There was bltle
chiinee ol redress, for if burghers eoinplaiiied in
folk -mole it was hel'ore Ibc abbot's oflieers that
its meeting w.is held ; if (hey ai)j)eale(i t<> the
alderman, he was the ai>i)ot's nominee and v\
ceived the horn, the .symbol of his oUiee, at the
abl'')t's hands. liikeail th<! greater revolutions of
soci(!ty, the advance from this mere .serfag<; was
asilcnt one ; indeed, its more galling instances
of oppression seem to have sli|)peil uncon
Hciously away. — Mist, ok Eno I'kopi.k, J- 177.
5117. SERMON, Along. /IMop Ihinnt. In
the pulitil, the ellVct of his discourses, wbicli
were delivered witlioul any notes, was lieigblen-
ed by a noble ligurc and by palbetic aetion. He
was often Interrupted l)y "the deep hum of bis
audience; and when, after iireaebing out the
hour-glass, which in those days was part of the
furniture of l]w pMl!)it, he held it up in his
hand, the congregalion clamorously encouraged
him to go on till IIk; sand had run olT once
more. — 5l.\( Airi,.\v's EN<i., ch. 7, p. Ki','.
51 IK SERMON, A queer, nishop Turin r'n.
[At I lie coronation of .lames II. | The .sermon
was made up of (piaint conceits, such as seventy
years earlier might have been admired, but such
as moved the scorn of a genenilion accustomed
to (he purer elo(juence of Sprat, of Soulli. and
of Tillotson. King Solomon was King .lames.
Adonijali was Monmouth. .loab was a Kye
House conspiriitf)r : Shimei a Whig libeler;
Abiathar, an honest but mi.sguided old ("avalier.
One ])hr!i.se in the Hook of (Jhronicles was con-
strucfl to mean that the King was above the
Parliament [and another was cited toprovcthat
he alone ought to command the militia].-— .Ma-
caulay's En(i., ch. 4, p. 441.
5119. SERMONS, Soporific, /..itiinrrx. The
good Liitimer is not very hard upon those Avho
slept at sermons ; he tells a story of a gentle-
woman of London whose neighbor met Iut in
the street and said, " .Mistress, whither go yc; ?"
" Marry," .said she, " I am going to SI. Thomas
of Acres to the sermon. I could not sleep all
this la.st night, and I am going now thither : I
never failed of a good nap there." — Knkiht's
End., vol. 2, ch. 2!), p. 4!»1.
5120. SERVANT, Devotion of. Munu. The
story of Maria, the (laughter of the magnificent
Euila'inon, is singular and intcosting. In the
sack of Carthage she was purchased from the
Vandals by some merchants from Syria, who
afterw ard sold her as a slave in their native coun-
try. A female attendant, transported in the
same sliip, and sold in the same family, still
continued to rcs]H'cl a mistress whom fortune
had reduced to the common level of servitude ;
and the daughter of Euda'mon received from
her grateful affection the domestic services
which she had onci' rcipiired from her obedi-
ence. This remarkable behavior divulged the
real conditiou of Muiia, who, in tlu! absence of
the bishop of Cyrrhus. wa.s reileeined from sla-
very by llie generosilv of .some soldiers of the
garrison. — Giiibon's II(jmk, ch ;{8, |). 'AH'i.
5121. SERVANT, A useful. Sidiifi/ (ioaol-
liliiii. Uodolphin had been bred a page at White-
hull, and had earl\ acipiired all the tlexibilily
and Ihe selfpo.s.sess.oii of a veteran courlier. Il«!
was laborious, clearheaded, and profoundly
versed in the details of linance. Every gov-
ernment, tlierel'oie, found him a useful .s(!i uit ;
,'ind llien^ was nothing in his opinions or in his
character which could prevent liim i'rom .serv-
ing any government. " Slii:iey (iodolphin,"
said Charles, " is never in the \\ii\, and never
out of the way." This pointed remark goes far
lo explain (Jodulphin's extraordinary success in
life. ^.Mac.m lay's EN(i., r'h. 2. p. 2:iH.
5122. SERVICE, Demoralized. Uii;in of
Cliiirhx II. The chief bail which allured these
men [the court favoriles| into Ihe [naval] ser-
vice wiis tlie i)rolit of conveying bullion and
iiilier \aluable commodities from port to port ;
I'or both the Atlantic and the Mediterranean were
then .so infested by pirates from Marbary that
merchants were not willing to trust precious
cargoes lo any custody but that of a m;m-of-war.
A captain in this Avay someli:nes cleared .several
thousiuid pounds by a si. i voyage ; and for
this bu'rativc business Ik; too often neglected the
interests of his country and the honor of hia
(lag, made; mean submission to foreign powers,
di.sobcyed the most direct injunctions of his su-
periors, lay in port when he was ordered to
chase a Sallee rover, or run with dollars to Leg-
horn when his instructions directed him to re-
l)air to [iisbon ; and all this he did with impu-
nity. — Macai LAYS E.-o., ch, ;{, p. 2H;{.
5123. SEVERITY, DisgracefiU. " BotUmles»
I lidnge." There was one; living in tlu; West at
I that time, " Bottomless Baggc," Sir James
I Baggc, and it is to no other than Archbishop
I Laud that he must be thiinkful for his charac-
, teristif; patronymic. Ife was Buckingham's
choice, and .•> most worthy agent for the West ;
he had a profound genius for serviliti(!S, mean-
nesses, and rascalities of every kind ; he was a
man who could lick tlu^blackingoff agreal man's
i boots iind swear that it was better than port
! wine ; it was he who otfcred the iT) to the
I Frenchmen for their i'HO. We .see in him the
! cur constantly snapi)ing ound ,'d)out the heels
, of P]li()t, and alwaj's wi'.liihe same sinuous .sanc-
! tily — his fragrant name is an ointment poured
forth with a large flavoring of asafo'tida ; a
truculent rascal, a genuine barnacle, a great
, high-priest of the C'lrcumlocution OHlce, em-
i bodying in him.sclf a premature aptitude of
chicane and red tape, which might make him a
study even in these modern days. The ra.scal
does not seem to have got the worst of it. —
Hood's Ckomwkll, eh. 4, p. 64.
5124. SEVERITY, Parental. Roman. [War
with the Samnites.] The battle began ; and
Titus Manlius, the son of the consul Tonpiatus,
being challenged by a Latin captain, accepte<i
the summons, defeated his antagonist, and re-
turned with his spoils to the main army. His
father, with a \vw. Roman severity, order«!d his
head lo be .stnu'k off for di.sobedience. — Tyt-
i.kk's Hist., Book ;>, ch. 7, p. '.\'\'-\.
J
r.o8
SIIAMK— SKJNATUKK.
Ht*Ili, SHAME, Coniumraate. Qifcn of SjMiiii.
A.i). IHOH. [Princcj Fcrdiiiiiiul | who dl'mandcd
tlie alulication of his iinbocilc father and disHo-
hit(! mother, Charles IV. and Louisa Maria] was
endeavoring to blazon abroad his mother's shame,
and to bring Godroy [one of the king's body-
guard] to trial as his mother's paramour. Napo-
leon thus delicately suggested to him that, in
diahonoring his mother, he di hut invalidate
(he legitimacy of his own birti . . . The still
more wretched mother retaliated, as jierhaps no
mother (;ver retaliated before. She told her son
to his face that he was of ignoble birth — that
her husband wa^not his father.— Ahbott's Na-
poleon B., vol. 2, ch. 1.
5130. SHAHJ3, Military. American Rerolution .
[Major General Stupen wrote of the disorder
and confusion in Washington's army at Vallej'
Forge as he found it.] I have .seen a regiment
consisting of thirty men, and a company of one
corporal. [The men were only engaged for three,
or six, or nine months, so that it was impossible
to have a regiment or company complete.] —
KNrouT's Eno., vol. (5, ch. 24, p. 383.
5iar. SHOUTxNG vs. Silence. Trojana—GrerM.
It appears from Homer's accounts that the
Greeks, in rushing on to engagement, preserved
a deep silence, while the Trojans, like most other
birbiuous nations, uttered hideous shouts at the
moment of attack. — Tytlku's Hist., Book 1,
ch. 8, p. 78.
ri2§. SICKNESS cured by Gifts, The. Fif-
teenth Centuri). Tlie('hur(;h held its empire over
the will of the population, high and low, through
the universal belief in the etHcacy of its crenio-
nial ob.servances for procuring health and weal
and the safety of souls. A luisband is .sick in
London, and his anxious wife writes, "My
mother behested [vowed] anotlier image of wax
of the weight of you, to our Lady of Walsing-
ham ; and she sent four nobles to the four or-
ders of Friars at Norwich to pray for you ; and
I have behested to go on a pilgrimage to Wal-
sin^ham and St. Leonards." [a.d. i4.'5()-148().]
— IvNKiirr's Eng., vol. 2, ch. 8, p. 12").
5129. SICKNESS, Friend in. Samuel Johnson.
Mi.ss Williams told me he asked her to sit down
by him, which she did ; and upon her in(|uiring
how he was, he answered, " I am very ill in-
deed, madam. I am very ill when you are near
me ; what should 1 1)e were you at a distance ?"
— BOSWKI.LS .loilNSOX, p. .519.
5130. SICKNESS, Information in. Amt<>tl< .
Once, when he was si(;k, he .said to the doctor,
" Do not treat me as you would a driver of o.xen
or a digger, but tell me the cause, and you
will find me obedient." — Cyclopedia ok Bioo..
p. 558.
3131. SICKNESS, Saintly. R-v. John W.
Fletcher. A friend went to visit the heavenly-
minded Pletcl'.er in his illness. He remarked :
" I went to see a man withoiu^ foot in the grave,
but found him with one foot in heaven."— Ste-
vens' Methodi8.\i, vol. 2, p. 50.
5132. SIGN of Destiny. Mahomet. [The
monk Djerdjis, at an interview] perceived a
sign below the neck, between the shoulders of
Mahomet, a sign regarded by the Arabs as the
omen of a great destiny. — Lamahtink'sTukkev,
p. .58.
5133. SIGNAL for Action. Aleranrifr. In
drawing uj) his army and giving orders, as well
as (exercising and reviewing it, hespanid Buceph-
alus on account of his age. and rode another
horse ; but he constantly chargiKl upon him ; and
he had no sooner mounted him than the signal
was always given. — Pi.utakcii's Alexandek.
5134. SIGNAL mistaken. Gildo the Rebel.
Oildo was prepared to resist the invasion with all
the forces of Africa. . . . He proudly reviewed
an army of 70,000 men, and boasted, with the
rash presumption which is the forerunner of dis-
grace, that his numerous cavalry would tram-
ple under their horses' feet the troops of Maaci'zel,
and involve, in a cloud of burning sand, the
natives of the cold regions of Caul and Germany.
But the Moor, who commanded the legions ot
Honorius [the Roman Emperor], . . . fixed his
camp of 5000 veterans in the face of a 8up<!rior
enemy and, after the delay of three days, gave
till! signal of a general engagement. As Maacezel
advanced before the front with fair offers of
peace and pardon, he encountered one of tlic fore-
most standard-bearers of the Africans, and on
his refusal to yield, struck him on the arm with
his sword. The arm and the standard sunk
under the weight of the blow ; and the imaginary
act of submission was hastily repeated by all the
standards of the line. At this signal the disaifected
cohorts proclaimed the name of their lawful
sovereign ; the barbarians, astonished by the de-
fection of their Koman allies, dispersed, accord-
ing to their custom, in tumidtuary flight ; aiid
Mascezel obtained the honors of an easy and
almost bloodless victory. The tyrant e.scnped
from the field.— Gibbon's Rome, ch. 29, p. 18(5.
5135. SIGNALS, Ancient. Greek Empire. The
language of siirnals, so clear and copious in the
naval grammar of tlie moderns, was imperfectly
e.\pres.sed by the various positions and colors of
a commanding flag. In the darkness of tlu; night,
the .same orders to chase, to attack, to halt, tore-
treat, to break, to form, were conveyed by the
lights of the leading galley. By land, the fire-
signals were repeated from one mountain to
another ; a chain of eight stations commaTided a
space of five hundred miles ; and Constantinople
in a few hours was apprised of the hostile motions
of the Saracens of Tarsus. — GiiutoN's lioME,
ch. 53, p. 366.
5136. SIGN ATUBE of Ignorance. ■ Hvde
}f<irl>\" In the eighth year of his age Theodoric
was reluctantly yielded by his father to the pub-
lic interest, as' the pledge of an alliance vvhicli
Leo, Emperor of the East, h 1 consented to pur-
chase by an annual subsidy of three hundred
pounds of gold. The royal hostage was educated
at Constantinople with care and tenderness. His
body was formed to all the exercises of war, his
mind was expanded by the habits of lib(!nil cim-
versation ; he frequented the schools of the most
skilful masters ; but he disdained or neglecte<l
the arts of Greece, and so ignor.anl did he always
remain of the first elements of science, that a
rude mark was contrived to represent the signa-
ture of the illiterate King of Italy. — Gibbon's
Ro.ME, ch. 39, p. 2.
5137. SIGNATUKE, Bemarkable. Arabs. The
Arabs relate that Amuratli, at the moment of
ratifying a convention which engaged the repub-
lic [of Ilagusa] to pay a tribute of five hundred
SIGNATURE— SILENCE.
609
Hi/ (te
'lii'otloric
tlic piib-
(' which
i to pur-
diictiUi ill gold lo tilt* Siiltiiii, in cxcliiin^u for the
liberty of iiiivigHtioii and coniincTce in tlu,' Turiv-
ish wjus, dipped tiie interior of his hand in tlie
iiii<, iiiui iipi)lyin;,Mt totlic piirclimcnt, left tiierc-
on the truce of lii.s five lin^^-rs, an tiie lion ini-
jirints Ills rive claws on tlu; sand. By an accident,
say liiey, of the dispositiDn of the Sultan'.s liand
in tills i;esture, the three,' middle ringers were
joined and extended, the tliunib and th(^ little rin-
ger were separated fanwise. This signiitnre, say
tliey further, was imitated by tiie successors of
tile Sultan as u sign of power, of disdain, and of
jios.Mcssion of the earth. — L.\M.\UTiNi:'s Tiiikky,
p. 245.
5IJ§. SIONATUBE, Responsible. Jndf/rx of
Charles I. To sign the death-warrant was a
solemn deed, from which some of the judges
were ready to shrink ; Cromwell concealed tiie
magnitude of the act under an air of bulfoonery ;
the chamber rang witli gaycjty ; he daubed the
cheek of one of tiie judges tliutsal next him with
ink, and, amid shouts of laughter, compelled
another the wavering Ingoldsby, to sign the
paper asa jest. — IJanckokt'sI'. S., vol. 2, ch. 11.
5130. SIONATUBE, A responsible. Duke of
Monmouth. [After the overthrow of his rebel-
lion] MoniiKJutii threw himself on the ground,
and crawled to tlu; king's feet [James II.]. lie
wept, lie tried to eml)race his uncle's knees
with his pinioned arms, lie begged for life, only
life, life at any price. ... A declaration, rilled
witli atrocious calumnies, had been put forth.
The regal title had been assum(;d. For treasons
so aggravated there could be no pardon on this
side of the grave. The poor ten Iried duke vowed
that he had never wished to taki; the crown, but
bad been led into that fatal error by others. As
to the Declaration, he had not written it. He had
not read it. He had signed it without looking
at it. It was all the work of Ferguson, that
bloody villain Ferguson. "Do you expect me
to believe," said James, with contempt but too
well merited, " that you set your hand to a paper
of such moment without kiiowini: what it con-
tained V" — Macatilay's Eng., cli. .). p. 575.
5140. SIGNATURE, Symbolic. Indum Tnbes.
[Peace was made by the tribes with the Frencii
and their allies.] A written treaty was made, to
which each nation drew for itself a symbol. The
Senecas and Onondagas drew a spider ; the Ca-
yugas a calumet ; the Oneidas a forked slick ; the
Moliawks a bear ; the Hurons a beaver ; the Abe-
nakis a deer, and the Ottawas a hare. ... It was
declared that peace should reach beyond the Mis-
sissippi. — Bancroft's U. S., vol. 3, ch. 21.
5141. SIGNS, Faith in. Gold-Seekers. [Gold-
seekers went among the frozen regions of North
America, following Frobisher's discoveries.]
At one moment they expected death, and at the
next they looked for gold. Spiders abounded,
and " spiders were a sign of great store of gold."
[The ships were laden with valueless earth.] —
Bancroft's Hist, of U. S., vol. 1, ch. 3.
5142. SIGHS, Need of. Reign cf Charles II.
The houses were not numbered. There would,
indeed, have been little advantage in numbering
them , for of tlu; cosichnien, chairmen, porters,
and errand-boys of Jjondon, a very small pro-
portion could read. It was necessary to use
marks which the most ignorant could under-
stand. The slu)i»s were Iherefore distinguished
by pjiinted sijrns, which gave a gay andgrotes((Ue
asiH'cl lo th(! streets. The walk from Charing
Cro.ss to Whilechapel lay through an endless
succession of Saracen's Heads, Royal Oaks,
Blue Bears, and Golden Lambs, which disap
lieared when they were no longer recjuired for
the direction of the common people. — Macai;-
i.ay's Eno., ch. 3, p. 335.
514:1. SIGNS, Significant. "Of the Timeg.'
[After the marriage of Philip of Si)ain to Queen
Niary of England indications of a change in the
l)olicy of the government were soon given.] After
II few days of banqueting, Philip and .Mary pro-
ceeded to Windsor, where the king was installed
as a knight of the garter ; " at which time," says
ilolinshed, "a herald took down the arms of
Kngland at Windsor, and in place of Ihein would
have .set tlw. arms of Spain, but he was command-
ed to set them up again by certain lords." This
was one sign of the times. — Kmoiit's Eso.,
vol. 3, ch. 5, p. 75.
5144. SIGNS, 'Welcome. Columhus First Voi/-
a(/e. On the 14tli of September the. voyagcirs
were rejoiced by the sight of what they consid-
ered harbingers of land. A heron and a tropi-
cal bird, called the Rabo de Junco, neither of
which is supposed to venture far to hv.h, hovered
aliout the shijis. — Irving's Colimhis, Book 3,
ch. 2.
5145. SILENCE enjoined. Ale.rander. [Alex-
ander the Great distributed his favors with a free
hand. His mother wrote him :] "You do well
in ser'^ing your friends, and it is right to act
nobly ; but by making them all equal to kings, in
proportion as you put it in their power to make
friends, you deprive yourself of that privilege."
Olympias often wrote to him in that manner
but he kept all her letters secret, except one,
which HephsEstion happened to cast his eye upon,
when he went, according to custom, to read over
the king's shoulder ; he did not hinder him from
reading on ; only, when he had done, he took
his signet from his finger and put it to his mouth.
— Plutarch's Alexander.
5146. SILENCE of Grief. Bonaparte. [After
the battle of Leipzig, which decided the over-
throw of Bonai)arte's power in Europe, he was
seen sitting at a window in Freiburg], his head
resting on his arm in silent despair. Berthier sat
opposite to him in a similar state. Neither spoke,
and officers who entered were silently ordered,
I by a wave of the hand, to leave the room. —
i Steffens in Knight's Eng., vol. 7, ch. 31,
! p. 565.
514T. SILENCE in Misfortune, Pompey. After
i this fatal engagement [with C'icsar], Pompcy ex-
I perienced all the miseries of a fugitive. The last
scenes of the life of this illustrious man afford a
striking picture of the vicissitudes of fortune and
the instability of all human greatness. He pa.ssed
the first night, after his defeat, in the solitary
hut of a fisherman upon the sea coast. Thence
he went on board a vessel, which landed him
first at Amphipolis ; whence he sailed to Lesbos,
where his wife Cornelia was waiting, in anxious
expectation, the i.ssue of the late decisive con-
fiict. They met upon the sea-shore. Pompey em-
braced her without uttering a word, and this
silence spoke ut once the whole extent of hermis-
010
SILENCE— SIN.
fortune'. Tlicv lied for protection lo F2gypt.—
Tyti.kk's Hist., Book 4, rli. 2, p. 4(18.
5I4§. SILENCE neoeautry. nunder. |Iii
104.'), when the Parliament urmy plundered tlie
Basing Iloiise, one soldier got three bags of sil-
ver, which (he not lieing able to keep his own
coun.sol) grew to be common pillage among the
rest, and Ww fellow had but one half crown left
to himself at last.] — Knight's Enc;., vol. 4,
<h. 4, p. .■)().
SI'IO. SILENCE, Fublio. Suuniid Johinum.
We talked of public speaking. Johnso.v : "We
must not estimate a man's powers by his being
able or not able to deliver his .sentiments in i)ub-
lic. Isaac Hawkins Browne, one of the first wits
of this country got into Parliament, and never
opened his mouth. For my own part, I think
it is more disgra(;eful never to try to speak than
to try it and fail ; as it is more di.sgrnceful
not lo tight than to fight and Ix; beaten. " — Hos-
WliLl/sJoU-NSON, J). 244.
5150. SILENCE, Treasonable. Jieif/uofJIiiin/
VITI. As it was by terror that he [Thomas
Cromwell] niast(!red the king, .so it was bv terror
that he mastered the people. Men felt In Eng-
land, to use the figure- by which Erasnuis iviinls
the time, " as if a .s(;orpion lay sl(Hq)ing under
every stone." The confessional had no .secrets
for Cromwell. Mens talk with their closest
friends found its way to his ear. " Words idly
spoken," flic murmurs of a petulant abbot, the
ravings of a moon-.struck nun, were, as the
nobles cried pa.ssionately at his fall, "tortured
into treason." The only chance of .safety lay
in silence. " Fric^iids who used to write, and
send me presents," Erasmus tells us, "now sent
neither letters nor gifts, nor received any from
any one, and this tlirough fear." But ev(!n the
refuge of silence was clo.sed by a law more in-
famous than any that hasever blotted the statute-
book of England. Not only was thought mad(i
trea.sou, but men were forced to reveal their
thoughts on pain of their very silence being puii-
isheci with the penalties of treason. — Hist, ok
Eno. PiooiM.i;, ^ V)".
5151. SIMONY, A Debauchee's. Kinn of
Fniacc. In order to gratify his habitual licen-
tiousness, Philip, whose private revenues were
.scanty, had recourse to the scandalous expedient
of offering for sjile, to the highest bidder, the
bishoprics and other valuable ecclesiastical pn;-
ferments, the proceeds of this unhallowed traffic
being exy)en(led in riot and debauchery. — Sti -
i>KNTs' Pk.wci;, ch. 7. § 14.
5152. SIMONY, Papal. Pojm; VitiiUiis. [The
pope Sylverius was tried on the charge of trea-
son.] Accused by credible witnesses and flu;
evidence of his own subscription, the successor
of St. Peter was dt-spoiled of his pontifical orna-
ments, clad in the mean habit of a monk, and
embarked, without deliiy, for a distant e.xile in
the East. At the emperor's command, the
clergy of Rome proceeded to the choice of a new
bishop ; and after a solemn invocation of the
Holy Ghost, elected the deacon Vigilius, who
had purchased the papal throne by a bribe of
two imndred pounds of gold. — Gibbon's Rome,
ch. 41, p. 169.
5153. SIMPLICITY difficult. Samuel John-
tan. Goldsmith said that lie tliouirht he could
write a good fable, mentioned the simplicity
which that kind of composition requinia, anil
observed, that in most fables the animals intro-
(luciid seldom talk in character. " For instance,"
•said he, "the fable of the little fishes, who saw
birds fly over their heads, and envying them,
petitioned Jupiter to Iw changed into birds. The
skill," contimied he, " consists in making them
talk like little ti.shes." While In; indulged him-
self in this fanciful revery, he obs«!rved Johnson
shaking his sides and laughing. Upon which
he smartly proceeded, " Why, I)r. Johnson, this
is not .so easy as you seem to think ; for if you
were to make little fishes talk, they woiild talk
lik(! whales." — Boswkli.'s Johnson, p. 310.
5151. SIMPLICITY preserved. Joan of Air.
[.Sli(^ had predicted the (coronation of Charles
V'll. at Rheims.] With his coronation the maid
felt her errand to be over. " O gentle king, the
pleasure of God is done," she (Tied, as she tlung
lierself at the feet of Charles and asked leave to
go home. " Would it were his good will," she;
pleaded with th(! archbishoj), as he forced her to
loni'iin, " that I might go and keep sheep once
mow with my sisters and my brothers ; they
wotild i)e no glad to see me aj^ain I" But the
policy of the French court detained her. — Hist.
OK Eno. Pkoi'le, t^ 432.
5155. SIMPLICITY, Koyal. Julian. [The
iul(T of Gaul.] The simple wants of nature
regulated the measure of his food and .sleep.
Rejecting with disdain the delicacies provided
for his table, he satisfied his appetite with the
coarse and common fai(^ which was allotted to
tlu; meanest .soldiers. During the rigor of a
({allic winter, lie never suffered a tire in his bed-
clwiniher ; and after a short and interru|)led slum-
ber, lie frciiuently ro.se in the midille of the
niglit from a carpet spread on the floor, to des-
patch any urgent business, to visits his rounds,
or to steal a few moments for the jirosecution of
his favorite studies. — Gibbo.n's Romh. ch. 19,
p. 2Xi.
5156. SIN, Indulgence in. For ^fo)l<'l/. With
more boldness than ever, the new Po[)e Leo had
.sent, in 151G, agents through the world to sell in-
dulgences, and the man chosen for Sa.xony,
Tetzel Hm Dominican, and his band, were
among the most zealous preachers of this iniqui-
ty. " I would not exchange," said he, in one of
his harangues, •' mj- privilege" (as vender of the
papal IctttTs of absolution) " against those which
St. Peter has in heaven ; for I have saved more
souls by m}' indulgences than the apostle by his
sermons. Whatever crime one nuiy have com-
mitted" — naming an outrage upon the person of
the Virgin Mary — " let liim pay well, and he will
receive pardon. Likewi.se the sins which you
may be disposed to commit in future may be
atoned for beforehand." — Bunsen's Lutiieu,
p. 9.
5157. SIN overlooked. Samuel Johmon. I
stated to him an anxious thought, by which a
sincere Christian might be disturbed, even when
conscious of having lived a good life, so far as
is consistent with human infirmity ; he might
fear that he should afterward fall away, ;^nd be
guilty of such crimes as would render all his
former religion vain. Could there be, upon this
awful .subject, such a thing as balancing of ac-
counts ? Sup])ose a man who has led a good life
SIN— SINS
»;i
siinplinty
Hiirra, luiJl
Mills iiitro-
instaucc,"
who 8)IW
'ing tlicni,
)irds. Tlic
king tlictn
ilgcd hini-
(i Joliiison
)on wliioli
linson, this
for if yon
tvoiild talk
p. 210.
in of Arr.
)f Charles
a the maid
[! king, th(!
she tlung
d leave to
will," she
(•e<i her to
iheep once
ors ; they
But the
r. — Hist.
mi- [The
of nature
!iii(l sleep.
provided
with the
allotted to
igor of a
in his hed-
|)tc(lshin>-
le of the
or, to dcs-
is rounds,
lecMilion of
K, oh. 19,
I
!<■>/. With
e Leo had
I to sell in-
• Saxon}',
nd, were
his iniqui-
, ill one of
3(T of the
use which
ived more
itle by his
lavo coni-
person of
nd he will
diieh you
3 may be
LUTUEU,
h/inon. I
which a
ven when
so far as
he might
f, and be
sr all his
upwn this
ng of ac-
good life
for .seven years commits an act of wickedn("is
and instantly dies ; will his form(>r good lite
have any etTect in his favor ?" Johnson : " Sir,
if a nnm hius hul a good life for seven years, and
then is hurried by pii.ssion to do what is wrong,
and is suddcmly carried olT, deiM-nd upon it lie
will have the rewanl of his seven years' good
life : (lod will not take a catch of him. Upon
this principle itichard Ha.xler believes that a
suici(l(! may be savcid. ' If,' says he, ' it should
be objected that what 1 maintain may (Jiicour-
age suicide, I answer. I am not to tell a lie to
preventit."' — lioswKM.'s Johnson, p. 41)1).
5158. SIN, Bemedy for. Amei-inin. JiuUdiix.
That man should take up the cross, that sin
should be atoiuMl for, are ideas that dwell in hu-
man nature ; they were .so dilTused among the
savages, that Litclercc] believed some of the
apostles mu.st have reacluid the American conti-
nent. — Bancuokt's U. 8., vol. ;{, ch. 2ii.
5150. SIN, Unpardonable. Willuint ('nwiier.
(!owper tells us that "to this moment he had
felt no concern of a spiritual kind ;" that " ig-
norant of original sin, insensible of the guilt of
actual transgression, he understood neither the
law nor tlu; gospel — the condemning nature of
the OIK!, nor llie restoring mercies of the other. "
But after attemi)tiiig suicide Ik; wasseiz(!d, as he
well might be, with religious horrors. Now it
was that he began toa.sk himself whether be had
been guilty of the unpardonal)l(i sin, and was
presently persuaded that he had, though it
would be vain to iiKpiire what he iniagin<(l
the uiipardonabl(! sin to be. — Smitu's CowrKit,
ch. 1.
5 1 GO. SINCERITY, Attractions of. Ittinn of
WiUiain. and AiHit'. [All (-'atholic priests in
parish(!S wen; [jrisoners at large, all otliei's were
iianished by law. J The Catholic j)riest adjuring
Ids religion, received a pension of thirty and
afterward of forty i)ounds. And in spite ot tbi'se
laws, there were, it is said, four thousand (Cath-
olic clergymen in Ireland ; and the Catholic;
worship gained upon th<' Protestant, .soatlraclivi?
is sincerity when ennobled by persecution. —
B.vnckoft's U. S., vol. r>, cli. 4.
5161. SINCERITY, Power in. ./iiUiim Gamar.
He never misled his army as to an enemy's
strength ; or if he misstated their numbers, it was
only to exaggerate. In Africa, before Thapsiis,
when his otlicers were nervous at the reporlc'd
approach of Juba, he called them together, and
.said briefly: " You will understand that with-
in a day King Juba will be here, with the le-
gions, 30,000 horse?, 100,000 skirmishers, and ;i()()
elephants. You are not to think or ask (|uesti()iis.
I tell you the truth, and you must prepare for it.
If any of you are alarmed, 1 shall send you
home." [Ills army never lost a battle while he
W!is with them in person.] — F^uoudk's C/Ksau,
ch. 28.
5162. SINGULARITY, Motive for. JJiof/ciws.
As the character of this extraordinary person
was differently judged of in his own time, some
accounting him the wi-sest of men and othciis
little better than a madman, it is no wonder that
his estimation with the moderns should be
equally various. It is not to be doubted that
the love of singularity was a jrowerful motive of
his conduct and opinions. He oi>])osed the<'om-
mon-seii.se of mankind, and alTected a contempt
! even of reptitation, as he found that conduct a
new iiKxle of ac(|iiiriiig it. — Tyti. Kit's Hist.,
Book 2. ch. I), p. 2(H).
5I6:|. SINNERS, Cruiade of. Fir.^t Vrnmiie.
The French possessed more oj the spirit of ad-
\(-nturi! than tin; Italians, 'riie design was no
sooner propo.sed in a council held at Clermont, in
Auvergne, than they took up arms with the most
enthusiastic emulation. Tlie priiici|ial nobles
immediately .sold their lands to raise money for
the expedition, and the Church bought them
at an easy rate;, and thus ac(|uire(l iininiiii.se ter-
ritorial po.ssessions ; even the j)oorest barons set
out upon their own charges, and the vassals at-
tended the standard of their lords. Mesides the.s<',
whom we nniy supi)os(? to have be<'n intluence(l
by the piety of the dc^sign, an inir.iincrable nuil-
titude, a motley as.semblag(! of beggars, slaves,
malefactors, strumpets, debavicliees, and profli-
gates of all kinds joined th(( throng, and hoped to
tind in iliose scenes of holy carnage :ind desola-
tion nujans of making their fortune by plun-
der.— Tyti.ku's Hist., Book «, eii !), p. 154.
[Notf:.] — Man}' even of these mis< niuits had
their own motives of piety. Mr. (Jibbon'.'^. ob-
I servationhas both truth and wit in it. • A« the
voice of their pa.stor, the robber, the iiu endiary,
the homicide, arose by thousands to redeem their
souls, by repciating on the intidels the .same
deeds whi(;h thc^y had exercised against their
Chiistian brethren." — (JiiutoN, ch. (W
5164. SINS, Deliverance from. />'// hulnl-
liciirex. This warning against ilie ()reacher3
of indulgences was justitied by good reasons.
For in \\\v. neighborhood of Wittenberg, at the
town of Jiiterbock, Tet/el, a Dominican monk,
carried on his trafhc. There were livi'ly times
at that place, as at an annual fair and market.
The people danced and caroused, rejoicing that
they wen? rid of their sins. And large mul-
titudes flocked from Wittenberg lo patronize
Tet/.el. — liKiNs LiTiiKK, ch. 1, (). !».
5165. SINS of Others. Join, /}i,,ii/,ni. Of
himself he says: "Though I could sin with
delight and ease, and take pleasure in iln' vil-
lainies of my companions, even then, if I saw
wicked things done by them that profes.sed
goodness, it would make? my s])irit tremble.
Once, when I was in the height of my vanity,
hearing ont; swear that was reckoned a relig-
ious man, it made my heirt to ache " —
Froudio's BrwA.N. ch. 1.
5166. SINS, Tormenting, ./o/ni Buiinan. " My
sins," he says, " did ,so offend the Lord that
even in my childhood He did scare and af-
fright me with fearful dreams, and did terrify
me with dreadful visions. I have been in my
bed greatly afflicted, while asleep, with appre-
hensions of tievils and wicked spirit.s, who still,
as I. then thought, labored to draw me away
with them, of which 1 could never bt; rid. I
wasafliicted with thoughts of the Day of Judg-
ment inght and day, trembling at the thoughts of
the fearful torments of hell fire. " When, at
ten years old, lie was running al)out with his
companions in " his sports and childish vani-
ties," these terrors continually recurred to him,
yet " he would not let go his sins. " — FuoroK's
Bi'NVAN, ell. !.
K
61-2
SISTKU— SLAXDKK.
ftlttT. SISTER, A romforting. To Frederick
thf Ureal. Amid (liHiiMlnms (Icl'cut in Imttie
and iiicreaKiiii^ 1111(1 (^lUtrinincd foes, iii.s iii()tii(;r,
" whom lie {(ivcmI most tciidfirly. " died. A few
fri(!iid.s rcmiiiiicd fiiiliiful to him, ciiefriii;; liim
by tlu;ir oorrfi.spondeiuie. "Oh, tiiiit IIciivoii
on nil' iih)n(' !"
" I would hiivo
Bancuokt's U.
Hiiid liis iif-
h()rn(! tii(!m
S., vol. 4,
liud heaped all ills
fectiontiti! sister ; '
with lirmness.
ch. 12.
51ttM. SKILL misapplied. I'erpetind .\foti<>ii.
iiichiird Arkwri^lil . . . hud ho little knowledjte
of mcchanienl prineiples, thnt he took it into his
head to invent ii perpeliml motion. So infiitu-
atod was he, that he spent most of his tini(\
and soon all his money, in making expciimenls.
Peace lied from his house, and plenty from his
lM)ard. His wife very nulunilly re.scmled this
infringmnent of her rights, and, on one unhiip
py day, ovtireome with sudden linger, slu? broke
to pieces his wheels and levers, and all the ap-
paratus of his perpetual motion. Violenct! never
answers a good purpo.so Ixitween people who
live together in a relation so intimate — ncillKjr
violence of word nor deed. Uiehard Arkwright
could not forgive this cruel stroke; ; he separat-
ed himself from his vife, and never lived with
her again. — Cycloi-kijia of Hkki., p. 7(tH.
A 169. SKILL, Proof of. Afaicr IlothnchilJ.
The Landgrave's friend, General Estorlf, had
noticed the accura(;y and good sense; of Maier
Uothschild many years before, when the bank-
er was a banker's clerk in Hanover. He recom-
mended him for the po.st, and he wa.s summon-
ed to the Landgrave's residence. When he
arrived, it chanced that the mighty monarch was
Sitting Uidly Injaten in a ganu; of chess, by
eneral Estorf?. " Do you understand chess?"
asked the Landgrave. " Yes, your Highness,"
.said the banker. " Then step up here and look
at my game." Roth.schild obeyed, and suggest-
ed the moves by which the game was easily
won. It was enough. From that time to the
end of his life he managed the finances of the
Landgrave of Hesse. — Cyclopedia ofBioo.,
p. 567.
5170. SLANDEB, Defence from. Napoleon I.
When I have been asked to cau.se answers to be
written to them [.see No. 24] I have uniformly
replied, " My victories and my works of public
improvement are the only response which it
becomes me to make. " — Abbott's Napoleon
B., vol. 1, ch. 9.
5171. SLANOEB from Envy. John Bunyan.
Envy at his rapidly -acquired reputation brought
him ba.ser enemies. He was called a witch, a
Je.suit, a highwayman. It was reported that he
hftd " his misses," tliat he had two \vive'<, etc.
" My foes have mis.sed their mark in tl'is, " he
.said, with honest warmth ; " 1 am not the man.
If all the fornicators and adulterer." in England
were hanged by the neck, John Bunyan, the
object of their envy, would be still alive and
well." — Froude's Bunyan, ch. 5.
5172. SLANDEB, Fine for. |500,000. The
late sheriff [of Loudon], Pinkington, having
said, upon the duke's [of York, afterward
James II.] return, " he had tired the city and
was now come to cut their throats," he causeil
him to be indicted, and the court assigned his
Hoyal HighneHS £100, 000 for damages.—
Knuiiit's Eno., vol. 4, ch. 28, p. IHO.
51 7:1. SLANOEB, Oppoiition by. John Wet-
ley. When the count ry was in general commo-
tion, octcusioned by threatened invasions from
France! and Hpaiii, and by the movements of the
Scotch Pretender. . . . all sorts of calum-
nies against Wesley flew over the land. He
had been seen with the Pretender in France ;
had beiMi taken up for high treason, and wius at
last safe in i)rison awaiting his doom. He was
a J(;suit, and kept Boman |)riests in his house at
London, llcwasan agent of Spain, whence In;
received large remittances, in order to raise a
body of twenty thousand men to aid the expect-
ed Spanish invasion. He was an Anabaptist ; a
Quaker ; had been prosecuted for unlawfully
selling gin : had liang<;d himself ; and, at any
rate, w.-is not the; genuine John Wesley, for it
was w(!ll known that the latter was dead and
Imried. — Stevens' Methodism, vol. 1, p. 199.
517-1. SLANDEB of Piety. Conxtantine. [After
he becanit! a Christian.] The historian Zosimus
maliciously a.s.serts that the cnijieror had im-
brued his iiands in the blood of his eldest son
before he publicly rtjnounced the g(Mls of Rome
and of his ancestors. — Gibbon's Rome. ch. 20,
p. 249.
5175. ;-. Riehard Baxter's. [Reign
of James II.] In a Commentary on the New
Testament, he had complained, with some bit-
terness, of the jHTsecution which the Dissent-
ers .sutTered. That men who, for not using the
Prayer Book, had been driven from their liomes,
stripped of their property, and locked up in dun-
geons, should dare to utter a murmur, was then
thought a high crime against the State and the
Church. . . . An information was filed. Baxter
begged that he might be allowed some time to
prepare for hi^ defence. It was on the day on
which Gates wius pilloried in Palace Yard that
the illustrious chief of the Puritans, oppressed
by age and infirmities, came to Westminster
Hall to make this request. Jeffreys burst into a
storm of rage. " Not a minute," he cried, " to
save his life. I can deal with .saints as well as
with siimers. There stands Gates on one side
of the pillory ; and if Baxter stood on the other,
the two greatest rogues in the kirigdom would
stand together." — Macaulay'r Eno., ch. 4,
p. 456.
5176. SLANDEB punished. By James I. On
the 3d of August, 1596, John Dickson, an Eng-
lishman, was indicted for uttering calumni-
r>u8 and slanderous speeches against the king.
The amount of his offence was that, being
drunk, he had allowed a boat he was managing
to come in the way of one of the king's ordnance
ve.s.sels, when, being called upon by Archibald
Gairdenar, one of his Majesty's cannoners, to
give i)lace to his Majesty's ordnance, " he fyrst
an.s.serit, that he would noclit vyre his boit for
king or kasard ; and Ihairefter, niai.st proudlie,
arrogantlie, shlanderouslie, and calumniouslie
callit his Majestic ane bastard king : and that he
was nocht worthieto beobeyit." The jury found
him guilty, but qualified their verdict by admit-
ting his drunkenness ; but their qualification did
not avail ; the poor fellow was hanged. — Hood's
Cko-mwell, ch. 2, p. 35.
mm
SI.ANDKU-SI.AVKUY.
013
rlamages.—
no.
, John Wm-
icrnl commo-
/iisions from
!niL'nt8 of the
H of oaluni-
land. He
r iu France ;
, and wius at
)m. lie was
1 his lioiiso at
II, wlicncc! lio
01- to raise a
\\ the (!X|)ect-
nabaptist ; a
• tmlawfully
and, at anv
'esley, for it
as dead and
)1. 1, p. 199.
ntine. [After
'ian Zosimus
ror had im-
a eldest son
)ds of Rome
i».MK, eh. 20,
;'•'«. [Reign
m the New
h some bit-
the Dissent-
ot using the
their homes,
dupin dun-
ir, was then
ate and the
iled. Baxter
)me time to
I the day on
e Yard that
i, oppressed
Westminster
burst into a
^ cried, " to
ts as well as
on one side
m the other,
lorn would
<G., oh. 4,
imea I. On
)n, an Eng-
^ calumni-
t the king,
that, being
1 managing
's ordnance
' Archibald
Qnouers, to
, "hefyrst
lis bolt for
it proudlie,
umniouslie
and that he
jury found
t by adroit-
fication did
1. — Hood's
5 1 rr. BLANDEE rewarded. IHrk Tulhot. (He
had declared Anne Ilyilt 's adultery with him
wit' before her marriage to Ihe king.) Had lier
huslmnd [James M.) Itccn a man reiilly upright
and honorable, he would have driven from his
presence with indignation and conlempt the
wretches that slandered her. Hut oik; of the i)e-
<'uliarili(!s of .lame.s' character was that no act,
however wicked and .Hliameful, which had l)een
prompted by a desire to gain his lavor, ever
seemed to him deserving of disapproiialion. Tal-
bot continued to fre(|ucnt the (U)urt, ap|)earing
daily with brazcsn front before the princess whose
ruin he bad plotted, and was installed into the
lucrative j)ost of chief panderer to her husband.
— Maoaui.ay's JIno., <Ii. (J, p. 4r).
5 1 TS. 8LAN')ER, Victim of. dolu mhim. [Put
in chains. See No. 1048.] From the early
and never-to-be forgotten outrage upon C'astilian
l)rid(% of (!ompelling hidalgos, in time of emer-
gency, to labor in the construction of works
ne(H!S8ary to the public safety, down to the recent
charge of levying war against the government,
ther(! was not a hardship, abuse, nor .sedition in
Ihe island that was not imi)utc(l to the mi.sdeeds
of Columbus and his brothers. Hcsidcs the usual
accusations of inflicting opjiressive labor, un-
necessary tasks, painful restrictions, short allow-
ances of food, and cruel punishments upon the
Spaniards, and waging unjust wars against the
natives, they were now charged with preventing
the conversion of the latter, that they might
send them slaves to Spain, and ])rolit by their
sale. This last charge, so contrary to the pious
feelings of the admiral, was founded on his hav-
ing objected to the baptism of certain Indians of
mature age, until they could be instructed in the
doctrines of Christianity ; justly considering it
an abuse of that holy sacrament to administer
it thus blindlj'. Columbus was charged, also,
with having secreted jiearls and other precious
articles collecteil in his voyage tdong the coast.
— Ikvinu's Coi,umiu:s, Book 13, ch. 7.
5179. SLANDERS, Vile. Priinitiiv O/turcfi.
There Avere many who pretended to confess or
to relate the ceremonies of this abhorred society.
It was asserted, " that a new-born infant, entirely
covered over with tlour, was presented, like
some mystic symbol of initiation, to the knife of
the proselyte, who unknowingly inflicted many
a secret and mortal wound on the innocent vic-
tim of liis error ; that as .soon as tin; cruel deed
was perpetrated, the .sectaries drank up the
blood, greedily tore a.sunderthe quivering mem-
bers, and pledged themselves to eternal secrecy,
by a mutual consciousness of guilt. It was as
confidently aflirmeii that this inliuman sacrifice
wa.s succeeded by a suitable entertainment, in
which intemperance served as a provocative to
brutal lust ; till, at the appointed moment, the
lights were suddenly extinguished, shame was
banished, nature was forgotten ; and, as acci-
dent might direct, the darkness of tlie night was
polluted by the incestuous commerce of sisters
and brothers, of .sons and of mothers." — Gib-
bon's Rome, ch. 16, p. 11.
5 1§0. SLAUGHTER, Barbarous. 58,000. The
Numidianshad .seized some territories belonging
to Carthage, and a war ensued, in which the
Carthaginians were much weakened. The son
of Massinissa, a barbarian in every sense, slaugh-
tered in cold bUxxi r)8, ()()() ot the Carlluiginians
alter they had laid down their arms— Tvti.khk
Hist., Hook ;j, ch. 9, p. :J84.
AIMI. SLAUGHTER, Exterminating. Of a<r-
iiiiiiiM. Th(f poor (iermans stood luavely (fefend-
ing themselves as they could ; but the sight of
their women tlying in shrieking crowds, pur-
sued by Ihe Roman horse, was too much for
I hem, and tlu^ whole liost were .soon rushing in
despairing wreck down the narrowing isthmus
between the Meiise and the l{hine. Tliey came
to the junction at last, and then thiy could go
no farther. Multitudes were slaughltred ; mul-
titudes threw themselves into tbi' wat<'r and were
drowned. (!ie.sar, who was not givc'ii to exag-
geration, savs that their original number was
430,000. The only survivors of whom any <'lear
re(U)rd remains were the diilachments who were
absent from Ihe battle, and the few chiefs who
had come into Ciesar's camp and conliiuied with
him at tlKiir own request from fear of being
murdered by the Cauls. This alVair was much
spoken of at the time, as well it mii;lit be. Ques-
tions were raised upon it in the Stiiale. Calo
in.si.sted that Cu.'sar had nia.s,sacred a (U'tVnceless
])eople in a time of truce, that he had broken
the law of nations, and that lu; ought to be given
up to the Germans. Tim sweejjing otf the earth
in such amanner of a quarter of a million human
creatures, even in tho.se unscrupuUais times,
could not be heard of without a shudder. —
Fkoude's C/Esak, ch. 16.
5l»a. SLAVERY, Antiquity of, Okkr thou
the IteeoriU. Slavery and the slave trade are older
than the records of human society ; they are
found to have existed wherever the savage
hunter began to assume the habits of pastoral
or agricultural life; and, with the exception of
Australa.sia, they have extended to every portion
of the globe. They pervaded every nation of
civilized antiquity. . . . The founder of the
Jewish nation was a slaveholder and a purchaser
of slaves. — Banckoft's Hist, ok U. S., vol. 1,
ch. 5.
51M3. SLAVERY, Abuses of. Hiii/n of Jumfx
II. [The rebels captured with the Duke of Mon-
mouth were consigned to ten years of slavery in
the Indies.] The human cargoes were stowed
close in the holds of small vessels. So little space
was allowed that the wretches, many of whom
were still tormented by unhealed wounds, could
not all lie down at once without lying on one
another. They were never sulTered to go on
deck. The hatchway was constantly watched
by sentini'ls armed with hangers and blunder-
busses. In the dungeon below all was darkness,
stench, lamentation, disease, and death. Of
ninety-nine convicts who were carried out in one
vessel, twenty-two died before they reached Ja-
maica, although the voyage wiis performed with
unu.sual speed. The survivors, when they ar-
rived at their hou.se of bondage, were mere skele-
tons. During some weeks coarse biscuit and
fetid water had been doled out to them in such
scanty measure that any one of them could easily
have consumed the ration which was assigned to
five. They were, therefore, in such a state, that
the merchant to whom they had been consigned
found it expedient to fatten them Ixjfore selling
them. — Macaulay'b Eng,, ch. 5, p. 603.
614
HIiAVKItV
Al§4. SLAVERY, Beginning! of. Gmi-f/ia.
AKrit^ultiirc- liiid iioltloiiriHlit'd. (UnniiKtnH; liiul
notHpriiii>r up. The laws of iiropcrly hud l«'cn
H<) urniiif^i'd thai <'HtHl I'M (•onid descend only Id
tli(' oldest HOUH of fundlies. The eolonislH were
poor, and chiirged their i)overly to tlie fact thai
Hhive labor was forliiddt^n in tin; province. Thi.s
l)e(anie tlie eliief (pie.stion wlucli a^'itated tlie
peoph'. Tlie proprietary law.s j^rew more and
more unpopular. I'lie statute exciudinj,' slavery
was not rigidly enforced, and, indeed, could not
he enforced when the people hiid determined to
evade it. Whitetleld hims<'lf pleaded for the
aliropition of the law. Slaves he^raii to \h' hired
first for .short terms of .service, then for longer
periods, then for a hinidn'd years, which was
eipuvalent to an actual purchase for life. Finally,
earjiocs of slaves were hrou,i;ht directly from
Africa, and the primitive free-l«l)or s^'stem of
Oeorfifia was revolutionized. — KiDrAiii's U. H.
♦•h. 2tf, J). 244.
5lf*5. SLAVERY of Captives. IlomniiH. The
captive Harl)arians,e.\chani,dn,!f<lealhfor slavery,
were distriltutedamony the provincials, and ii's-
Hi^ned to those districts (in Oaul, the territories
of Amiens, JJeauvais, (^ambray, Treves, hangres,
and Troyesare partieidarly specified) whicli had
been depopulated by the ealanut ies of war. They
were usefully emi^oyed as shepherds and hus-
bandmen, but were denied tli(! exercise of arms,
except when it was found expedient to enroll
them in the military .service. Nor did the em-
perors refui?e the property of lands, with a less
servile tenure, to such of tin; IJarbarians as solic-
ited the protection of Rome. They granted a
settlement to sevciral coloni(^s of the Carpi, the
Ba.Marnie, and the Sarmatians ; and, bv a dan-
gerous indulgence, lurmilted them m some
nu'asure to retain their national manners and
indei)endenee. — Gibbon's Ko.mk. eh. 13, p. 4ir).
»18«. SLAVERY in England. A.D. 1215. A
large portion of the people were in the con-
dition of villanage. Some were in a state of
aslavery. 'J'he mcu went with the land as chat-
tels.— "Knioiit's Eno., vol. 1. ch. 24, p. !ir»0.
51§7. SLAVERY introduced. Viri/iiiM. The
year 1619 was marked by the introduction
of negro slavery into Virginia. The servant.s
of the people of Jamestown had hitherto been
perdons of English or German des(H!nt, and their
term of service had varied from a few months
to many years. No periietual servitude had
thus far been 'ecognized, nor is it likely that the
English colonists would of themselves have in-
stituted the system of slave labor. In the month
of August a Dutch man-of-war sailed up the;
river to the plantations, and offered by auction
twenty Africans. They were p\irchased by the
wealthier class of planters, and made slaves for
life. It was, however, nearly a half century
from this time lii.forc the system of negro sla-
very becanic well established in the English col-
onies. — RiDi-ATu's U. S.,ch. 11, p. 111.
51SS. SLAVERY mitigated. Atlienian. All
Athenian slaves were allowed to purchase their
freedom at u price stipulateu by the magistrate.
If any slave found his treatment intolerably
severe, and was unable to purchase his freedom,
he might oblige his master to sell him to another
who would use him better. The emancipation
of a sliivc, however, did not exempt him from
all the duticH to his master. —Tvt:.kii'h I [iht..
Hook 1, ch. 10. p. lOa.
AIMS*. . liomitim. (During thn
times of i)\xniH MarciuH(7oriolanus, tlie ItonuuiHj
treated tlieirslavijH with gn^at moderation, an(f
this was natural, Ix-cause they worked and even
ale with them. It was deemed a great punisli
ment for a slave who had coiiunitted a fault to
take up tiiat i)iece of wood with which they
supported the thill of a wagon, and carry it
round the iieigliorhood. — i'l.ir.Mtrii'H Cah'h
Maucuih.
5190. SLAVERY, Natural. '/•///•/.«-. The coii-
toxture of tue Turkish government i.s sucli a
fabric; of slavery, that it is almost impoasible
that any subject of the empin; should inhttril a
frc(! or an ingenuous spiril. The grand sigiuor
him.self is born of a slav<! of the seraglio. The
vi/.iers ai(i often slaves by birth, and through
the whole empin! it is hard to find any thatderive
their origin from ingenuous ])arcnts. It is there-
fore no wonder that the Turks should inherit a
disposition fitted for the rule of an absolutt,'
ma-ster. [Says (Jrotius after Aristotle :] " Thus
some nations an; slaves by nature, born to be
governed, not to govern." — Tvti.kk'h Hist.,
Hooks, ch. 1!{, p. 212.
5191. SLAVERY oppoaed. fin hVienda. To
the Society of Friends in England belongs tlie
honor of the first united efforts to prevent the
continuance of the slave; trade, against which
they petiti(med Parliament in 178.S. — Knight's
Kno., vol. 7. ch. 2(), p. 4««.
5193. SLAVERY, PreTalence of. In Heme.
It was mon; for the interest of the merchant or
manufa(;turer to i)iircha.se than to hire Ids work-
men ; and in the country slaves were employed
as the cheapest and most lal>orious instruments
of agriculture. To confirm the general obser-
vation, and to display the multitude of slaves,
we might allege a variety of jjarticular insbinces.
It was di.movered, on a very melancholy occa-
sion, that four hundred slaves were maintained
in a single palace of Home. The same number
of four hundred belonged to an estate which an
African widow, of a very private condition, re-
signcid toiler .son, whiUishe reserved for lierself
a much larger share of her property. A freed-
man, under the reign of Augu.stus, though his
fortune had suffered gn^at losses in the civil wars,
left behind him three thousiind six hundre«l yoke
of oxen, two hundred and fifty thousand head of
smaller cattle, and what was almost included in
the description of cattle, four thousand one hun-
dred and sixteen shiv«;s. — Gibbon's Homk,
ch. 2, p. .'52.
5193. SLAVERY of Prisoners. Reign oj
JaiiiAis II. The number of prisoners [wlio had
been rebels under the Duke of Monmouth] whom
Jeffreys transported was eight hundred and
fortj'-one. These men, more wretched than tlieir
a-ssociates who suffered death, were distributed
into gangs, and l)eslowed "n persons who enjoy-
ed favor at court. The conditions of the gift
were that the convicts should be carried beyond
sea as slaves, that they should not be emancipat-
ed for ten years, and that the place of their
banishment should be some West Indian island.
This last article was studiously framed for the
jiurpose of aggravating the misery of the exiles.
nik
HI.AVKUY— SLAVES.
015
TMiU'HHlHT..
(F>iirin^' llio
, tlid UoiiiuiihJ
xitTiitlon, and
rk(!(l and ev«n
Krciit punish-
tted »i f (111 It to
li which th«'v
mid carry ft
IM'II'h (^AIl'H
/'"■ Tlic con-
lit i.s such II
si inipoKsibIc
iilil inherit ii
^nind si^ior
•I'l^'iio. Till!
tind through
lylimtderivc
Itifl thorc-
iild inherit ii
an ahHoltite
'IIl':1 "Thus
e, horn to be
kk'h Hist. ,
hViends. To
1 belongs tlio
prevent tho
gainst which
— Knioht's
'. In Rome.
merchant or
ire his work-
re employed
instruments
[;neral obscr-
le of slaves,
ar insUmccs.
icholy occa-
! maintained
lime number
ite which an
)ndition, re-
I for lierself
ty. A freed-
, though his
e civil wars,
indred yoke
Kind head of
included in
nd one hun-
t's ROMK,
Reign oj
s [who had
)uth] whom
iidred and
1 than their
distributed
who enjoy-
of the gift
ied beyond
emancipat-
;e of their
lian island,
led for tho
the exiles.
111 New Kiifrluiid or New .Icrscy they would
liave found a popiilatioti kindly disposed to Ihcni,
Hilda climatitnol iiiiluvoralih; lo their health anil
\i^(ir. It was therefore (lileriiiined lliiil they
should Ik* sent to colonies where a I'liritaii could
hope to inspire littli! syiii|iatliy. ... It was
estnnaled by .lelTreys that, on an averii;,'e, each
of them, after all cliar;j;es were paiil, would be
worth from ten lo llfteen pounds. Tliere was,
lliercfori', much angry compel ll ion for jrriiiils.
. . , More than on»! llflli of lliose who were
Mlii|iped were Hung to the sharks before I he end of
the voyage. — M.\caui,av's K.no., ('h. ."i, p. 002,
tllOI. SL&VEBT, Punished by. Kni/laml. It
was a class which sprang iiiiiinly from delil or
crime. Famine drove men to " bend llicir
Heads in the evil days for ini'al, ;" llic ddilor, uii-
alile to discharge liisdeiil, Hung on lln' ground
his freeman's sword and spear, took up IIk; la-
borer's mattock, and placed his head as a slav(!
within a master's bands. The criminal whosi;
kinsfolk would not make up his line becaini; a
criine-s«'rf of the plainlilf or llie kinir. Somi!-
timcs a father pres.sed by need sold clilldren or
wife In lK)ndiige. In any case, the slave bccami!
part of the live-stock of bis muster's estate, lobe
willed away at death with horse or ox, whosi;
pedigree was kept ascarefiilly as bis own. His
ihildren weri! bondsmcni like liimsclf ; even a
freeman's children by a slave mother iiilu;rited
the mother's taint. " Mine is the calf that is
born of my cow," ran an Knglish iiroverb.
Slave cabins clustered round the homestead of
every rich landowner ; ploughman, shepherd,
goatnerd, swineherd, o.vhenl, anil cowlmrd,
dairymaid, barninan, .sower, hay ward, and wood-
ward, were often slaves. It, was not, indeed,
slavi'ry such as we have known in moilern times,
for stripes and bonds were rare ; if the slave was
stain it was by an angry blow, not by the lash.
Hut his master could slay him if be would ; it
was but a chattel the less. The slave bud no
place in the justice court, no kinsmen to claim
vengeance or guilt-line for his wrong. If a
stranger slew him his lord claimed the damages ;
if guilty of wrong-doing, " his skin jiaid for
him," und(!r his master's lash. If he lied he
miglit becha.scd like a .strayed beast, and when
caught he might be flogged lo death. If tlu;
wrong-doer wen; a woman-sliive she might be
burned. — Ilisr. oi'E.No. I'koi'm;, $^ l.').
519ft. SLAVEBY, Bepulsive. //( England.
The Saxon race carried tlie most repulsive forms
of slavery to England, where not half the popula-
lion could as.sert a right to freedom, anil where
liie price of a man was but, four times the price
of an ox. . . . In deliance of severe penalties,
the Saxons sold their own kindred into slavery
on the continent ; nor could the tratlic be check-
ed till religion, jileading the cause of humanity,
made its appeal to the conscience. — Bancuokt's
Hist, of U. S., vol. 1, cli. 5.
5196. SLAVEBY, Unchristian. Jiritkh. How
great a part the Catholic ecclesiastics subsequent-
ly had in the abolition of villanage we learn from
the unexceptionable testimony of Sir Thomas
Smith, one of the ablest Protestant councillors of
Elizabeth. When the dying slaveholder asked
for the last sacraments, his spiritual attendants
regularly adjured him, as he loved his soul, to
emancipate his brethren for whom Christ bad
ey come."
Ih: mV"
died. So successfully bad the ('hurcli used her
formidable mairhinery, tlint, befon; the Kefor-
niation came, she had enfranchised alinimt all
the bondmen in the kingdom except her own,
who, to do her iustiee, seem lo liavi! been very
tenderly trealetl. — Macaiii.av'h En(1., ch. 1,
p. -JU.
5197. SLAVES, Angelic, h'lif/liiih. Hut once
masters of the llrltoiis, the Mcrnician Knglishmeii
turned locoiupiiM' their Englisli iieighborH to the
south, the iiieii of Delia, whose tirst king, AlUa,
was now sinking to the grave. The strugglo
tilled the foreign markets with English slaves,
and one of the most memorable stories in our
history sb wsusagroup of such captives as they
stood in tilt; market-place of Itome, it may be in
tilt! great Koriini of Trajan, wliii h still in its de-
cay recalled [he glories of the liiiperial ('ity.
Their white bodies, their fair faces, Iheir gold(;n
hair, was noted by a deacon who passed by.
"From what country do these slaves come Y"
(Jregory asked the trader who broui;lil them.
The slave-dealer answered. " 'I'bey are English,"
or, as the word ran in the Latin form, it would
bcanit Uoiiie, "they arc Annies." The deacon's
pity veiled ilself in poetic humor. " Not Ang'es,
liut angels," Ik- .said, " with faces so ungel-liki! I
From what counlry come they V" "The'
said the merchant, " from Dcira.
was the untranslatable word piny of llu; viva-
cious Konian ; "ay, plucked from (Jod's iro
and called to Christ's mercy I .\nd what is the
nam(M)f their king ?" They told him, " yElla,"
and (Jregory seized on the word as of good omen.
"Alleluia shall b(! sung in .Ella's hmd," ho
said, and pa.s.scsd on, musing how theangisl-faces
should be brought to sing it. — llisr. of Eno.
I'KOII.IC, S 40.
5 1 9S. SLAVES of Disbelievers. ]'irf/initi. a.d.
KiTd. Statute:. . . " All. servants, not beiii),'( Chris-
tians, imported into this counlry by shijjping,
shall be slaves." Yet it was added, "conversion
to the ('hristian faith doth not make frei; 1" —
Hanciioi<t'8 U. S., vol. 2, ch. 14.
5199. SLAVES, Docility of. (Iiril ]y<,r. [Pres-
ident LiiH^oln's emancipation proclamation] had
shown that slavery was an element of strength
with us ; that it had "assisted us in our struggle ;
that no servil(! insurrccitions had taken place in
the South, in sj)ite of all tla^ allurements of our
(fnemy ; thattlii! slave bad tilled the soil while his
master liad fought ; that in the large districts un-
jirotected by our troops, and with a white popu-
lation consisting almost exclusively of women
and children, the slave had continued at his
work, (piict, cheerful, and faithful, . . . though
l)rompted to the work of as.sa.ssiuation and pil-
lage by the mo.st brutal examples of the Yankee
soldiery. — Poi.lauu'b Skcond Yeah ok tiik
Wau, ch. (5. p. 182.
5200. SLAVES, Bebellion of. lii/nian. They
found a leaiier in a young Thracian robber chiel,
named Spartacus, who was destined for tin;
amphitheatre, and who preferred meeting hia
masters in the field to killing his friends to make
a Roman holiday. Spartacus, with two hundred
of his comjianions, burst out from the Capuan
"stables," .seizcul their arms, and made their way
into the crater of Vesuvius, which was then, after
the long sleep of the volcano, a dense jungle o*
wild \i;ii's. 'Vht'. slaves of the adjoining plauta-
610
SLAVKH— SLKKP
lioim (IfHtTti'd ami Joinril thciii. Tlic llrcHpniul,
HpartfKHiH procliiiiiicii iiiiivcrstil niiiituiputlun,
and ill n f<!W weeks wiih iil the lieitd of mi iiriiiy
with which li(> overrun Itiily to the fool of the
AlpH, ilefeutcilcoiiHulMunil prietorN, ciiptiired tin;
ettKlt'Hof tin; h-^ioiis, waxled the I'liriiiN of the iio-
hle I()T(Im, and for two years held his ^^rouiul
apiiiiHtall that l{i)in(M;oiild de. — Khoi'dkh ('*-
HAK, eh. y.
ASIOI. BLAYES, White. In Virjiinia. The
HUpply of wliU»! servaiilN heeaiiie a rej^iilar laisi-
iiess, and a claxs of men. iiickiiained H|)irlt.s,
used tod(;liide yoiin^ persons, Hervaiits, and idlers
iiiliK'iiiliarkiiig for Anierlea, iih toa landof spon
taneoiiH plenty. While servant.s eaiiie to he a
usual artlol*! of trallle. They wen; sold in Kiij;
hind to Ih) transported, and In Virginia wen; re-
sold to the hljfiH'st liidder ; like negroes, they
were to Ih? purchased on shiphoard, as men buy
liorses at a fair. — H\N( hokt's Miht. ok U. S.,
vol. 1, ch. 5.
SilOil. SLAVE TBADE oppoied. CoiUinfiiUil
(loui/nmi. A.i), 1774. \Ve will neither support nor
purchase any Hlave imported after the 1st day of
beceiiibernext ; after wliicli time we will wholly
di.scontiniKi IIk; slave-trade, and will neither lie
concerned in it ourselves, nor will we hire our
vessels nor sell our commodities or manufact-
ures to those WHO are concerned in it. — Han-
cuokt'h U. S., vol. 7, ch. IH.
ASI03. SLAVE TRADE reipected. A'ew York.
A.u. KMIl. We have seen Kli/.aheth (»f England
a j)artnerin the commerce of which the; Stuarts,
to the days of Queen Anne, were distinguished
IHitrons ; the city of Amsterdam did not blush
to own shares in the slave-shii), to advance money
for the outtits, and to participate in the returns.
In projjortion to i)()pulation. New York had as
many Africans a.s Virginia, . . . They were; im-
ported . . . often directly from (}uinea, and were
sold at public au(;tion to tlie highest bidder. The
average pric<^ was less than ^\A(\. — Hanciiokt's
I'. S., vol. 2, ch. l.'i,
5204. SLEEP, Benefit of. IHnixmtion. It was
a rule with Cato to have his slaves either em-
ployed in tli(! h()us(! ora.sleep, and he liked tliosc
best that slept the most kindly^ believing that
they were better tempered than others thai had
not so much of that refreshment, and titter for
any kind of business. — PhtaUch's Cato tiii'.
Cknwou.
5205. SLEEP at Command. Xopoleou I. "Dif-
ferent affairs arc arranged in my head," said he,
" as in drawers. When I wish' to interrupt one
train of thought, i do.se the' drawer which con-
tains that subject, and oju'ii that which contains
another. They do not mi.x togetlier or incon-
venience inc. I have; never been kept awake b}'
an involuntary prfH)ccupation of mind. If I wi.sh
for repose, I shut up all the drawers, and I am
asleep. I liave always slept when I wanted rest,
and almost at will," —Ahbott'h Napolkon IJ.,
vol. 1, ch. 5.
5206. SLEEP, Deficient. Josiah Qnincy. This
excellent man carried one of his virtues to ex-
cess — early rising. lie rose .so early in the; morn-
ing that be scarcely had sleep enough ; so that,
when he sat down during the day for ten min-
utes, lie was very likely to fall asleep, John
Quincy .Xdams was also addicted to excessive
early rising One day thche two distinguished
men w«'nl into .luilge Story's h'cture room to
hear him read his lecture to his class in the law
school. The judge received the two prchidenlM
with his iiHiiul ixtlitencMs, and placed them on
the platform by his side, in full view of the clawi,
and then went on with his lecture. In a very
few minutes both the presidents were fast iwlcep.
The judge paused a moment, and poiiUing to
the two sleeping gentlemen, uttered these wonls :
" (lentlemen, you .see before you a melanchiilv
example of the evil efTeets of early rising." Thfs
remark was followed by a shout of 'au^diter,
which elTcctually roused the sleepers, after whieli
the judge resumed his discourse. — Cvci.oI'KDIa
OK Mioii., |». 758,
5207. SLEEP, Exceptional. Sir W.ilter Srott.
liasil Hail reports Scott's having told him , , .
that " haviim once arrived at a cnunliy inn. he
was told there was no bed for him, 'Noplaco
to lie down at all '!' .said he, ' No ' said the pi'o-
pie of the house ; ' none, <'xcei)t a room in which
there is a corpse lying,' ' Well.' said he. ' I'id
the person die (if any eontagi iu«« disorder 'i' ' ' Oil,
no ; not at all,' said they. ' Well, then,' contin-
ued he. ' let nil! have the other bed. So, '.said Sir
WaltiT, ' 1 laid me down, and never had alR^tler
night's sleep in my life." He was. Indeed, a
man of iron nerve, — Huttonh liiKK ok Scott,
ch, 4,
520W. SLEEP, Perlloue. Colum/iim Firnt I'oi/.
((f/e [(Coasting near St. Thomas. J (!<iluinbus,
who had hitherto kept watch, finding the sea
calm and smooth, and the ship almo.st motion-
less, retired to rest, not having slept tln^ pre-
ceding night, lie was, in general, extremely
wakeful on his (;oasting voyages, passing whole
nights iipon deck in all weathers ; never trusting
to the watchfulness of others where llien; was
any difliculty or danger to be jiroviiU-d again.st.
In the present instance he felt perfectly secure.
. . . No .sooner had he retired than the steers-
man gave tlie helm in charge to one of theslii|)-
tioys, and went to sleep, ''('his was in dire('t vio-
lation of an invariable order of the admiral, that
the helm shnuld never be intrusted to the boys.
The rest of tlit' mariners who had the watch took
lik(! advantage of I he ab.sence of Columbus, and
ill a little while the whole crew was buried in
sle(!p. In the mean time the treacherou.< cur-
rents which run swiftly along this coa.st carricii
the ve.s.sel quiet ly, but with force, upon a sand-
bank. The heedless boy had not noticed the
breakers, although they made a roaring that
nught have been heard a hmgue. [The vessel
was wrecked,] — Ihvino's Coi.umbhh, Book 4,
ch, 8.
52O0. SLEEP, SurpriBing, liuke of Aryi/b.
tOn the (lay uiiixiinted for his decapitation at
Edinburgh, for rebellion,] one of the lords of
the council, who liad probably been bred a Pres-
byterian, and had been .sediux'd by interest to
join in opi)ressing the church of which he had
once been a meml)er, came to the castle with a
message from his brethren, and demanded ad-
mittance to the earl. It was answered that the (-arl
was asleep. The privy councillor thought that
this was a subterfuge, and insisted on entering.
The door of the cell was .softly opened ; and
there lay Argyle on the bed, sleeping, in his
irons, the placid slcej) of infancy, 'Tlie con-
SLKKI'-SOCl.M.IS.M,
«1T
iMtinffiiiMh(><l
lire room Ut
•X ill the litw
o prchidi^iiU
<'<i tliciii on
of t lit' l-UlHH,
III -i very
' fiwt tuslccp.
poiiiliii^' to
ll('8«' Worils ;
llli'luilcliolv
HiiiK." 'riifw
>f 'uu^'/iicr,
ufl<!r wlii(;i
'VCI.OI'KDIA
he
I hill
iiiy inii
No phico
ill (he pfo-
III ill which
<i he. -('ill
l<T y • ' On,
Rii,' contiii-
*o,'sai(l Hir
ml ulK'tU-r
, iiMiriMJ, a
OK Hl'oTT,
Fimt Vol/.
-olllllllius,
i.tr tho Hca
•St nioi ion-
it the pre-
I'xtrciiu'iy
'iiil,'- whohi
tij- trusting
tlioro \va»
'<! agiiiiifst.
Hy secure.
I lie steers-
f tliesliij)-
ilirect vio-
iiiral, thiit
the boys,
iitcli took
nhus, and
buried in
roiis cur-
st carried
'U u sand-
ticed the
ring that
'he vessel
Book 4,
'■ Argi/l, .
latioii at
lords of
<i a Prcs-
terest to
li he had
e with a
ided ad-
t the earl
ght that
ntering.
id ; and
, in hix
lie cou-
iw'ieiice of the reneKUile stiiole him lie turned
Mwuy, MJi'k lit heart, ran out of llie caslic, and
took refuge in ilii; (lweiliiii;i f a jadv of his fam-
ily who lived hurtl by. 'I heir he lluiik' hiniself
on u couch, and gave hiniMli up to an agony of
remorse and shame. I! in kinswoman, alarmed
by his looks anil groans, tliDUghl that he had
lieeii takt'ii sick witii sudden illness, and iK'gged
him to drink a cit|)of sack " .No, no." lie said,
" that will do in<; no good." She |)raM'il iiiiii to
tell \\vT what had dislurlied him. " I have I n, '
he said, " in Argyle's prison. I have seep him
within an hour of eternity, sleeping as sweetly
as ever ni'in did. Mul as tor me- " — .M.vcai'
i.av'h Kn(1., cli. ."», p. .WU.
Ail I O. BLEEP, Transient. Xnix,l,o„ I. After
spending several days and idghls in preparation
for aiU^cisive conlliet, he has been known ie|ieat
ediy to fall asleep in tlu; midst of the iiproarand
horror of the Held of battle, and when the balls
of the enemy were sweeping the eminence u|"in
/Inch he stood. " Naliin^ has her lights," .suid
he, "and will not hi! diifrauded witli impunity.
I feel more cool to re<;eive Ihi^ repctrls which are
brought to me when awaking in this manner
from transient slu/nlier." — Aiihott'h Napoi.i:on
M., vol. I, eh. n.
S'ill. SLEEP, Undisturbed. WuHhiiKjton.
" How did you sleep, general '/"asked [liisguest|
the I)uk(> of Orleans [Louis Philippe| oiu- morn-
ing of the master of the house. " 1 always sleep
well," re|)lied (i' iieral Washington, " for I nev-
er wrote (I word in my life which I had after-
ward cause to regret." — (,'vci.oi'KiHA ok IJioo.,
p. .'iOH.
5il I !2. SLEEPERS, The Seven. Liumd. When
the pjinperor Decius ])ersecuted the Christians,
seven noble youths of lOphcsiis concealed them-
selves in a spacious cavern in the side of an ad-
jacent mounfain, where tliey were doomed to
perish b\ the tyrant, wlin ravc! orders that the
entranci! shoiihl be tlnnly st cured with a pile ot
huge stones. They iinmediately fell into a deep
slumber, which wa'^ miraculously proloii.ged,
without injuring iIk |)owei's of life, during a
IXiriod of one hundred and ciglity-.seven years.
At the end of that time, IIk; slaves of A(lolius,
to whom the inheiitaiice of the mountain had
des(;ciide(l. removed tiie stones to supply male
rials I'dr snine rustic editice ; the light of the sun
darted into the cavern, and the Seven Sleepers
were iicrmitted to awake. After a slumber, as
they thought, of a few hours, they were pressc'd
by till- calls of huiiirer, and resolved that Jain-
bliclms, one of tiiei minber, should secretly re-
turn to the city to inucha.se bread for the use of
his companions, 'i'he youth (if we may still em-
ploy that apiiellation) could no longer recogni/.e
the once familiar aspect of his native country ;
and his surprise was increased by the appearance
of a large cross, triumiiliantly erectcil over the
principal gate of Kphesus. His singular dress
and obsolel(' language confounded the baker, to
whom he olfered an ancient medal of Decius as
the current coin of the empire ; audJumblichus,
on the suspicion of a secret treasure. \\ as dragged
before the judge. Their mutual iiKpiiries pro-
duced the amazing discovi-ry that two centuries
were almost elapsed since .Jainblicbus and his
friends liad escaped from the rage of a pagan
tyrant. The bishop of Ejiliesus, ilie eleruy, the
iiiugisi rales, tlu'twople, and. it issidd. tlui Kmppr-
or TheodoHius himself, hastened to visit tho
cavern of the Seven Sleepers, who iK-stowed
their benediction, related their story, and ut the
same moment peact ably expired. (tinnoN, ch.K,
1 1. :w;j.
•VJi:i. SLEEPERS in the Temple. In«. On the
road iH^lween Oclylus and Tlialamia' ... it*
the temple of Ilio. It is the eusloni of Ihosi)
who consult her to sleep in the temple, and what
thev want to know is revealed to I hem in a dream.
— I'achanias.
Aill'l. SMILE relented, A. '/'iiifnir the Tar
titr. In his canij) b<'fore Delhi Tiinour miw.sa-
cred ll)(l,0(M) Indian prisoners, who had HmiUil
when the army of their countrymen appeared
in sight. . . . The people of Is|iahan snpplieil
7(),<MM» human skulls for the struelure of several
lofty towers. . . . ,\ similar tax was levied on
the revolt of Hagdad, . . . and the exact ac-
count ... is stated . . . at 1»ll,(M)(t heads. —
NoTK IN (iinnoNH HoMK, ch. :\\. p. :i!tH.
Mlli. SMOKER, A female, (i.,„,,il ,lnck-
son'n Wife. \ more exemplary woman in all
the relations of life — wife, friend, neighbor, re-
lation, mislress of slaves never lived, and never
presented a inon; ipiiet, cheerful, and admirable
managemeiil nf her household. .Slie had tho
general's own warm heart, frank manners, and
admirable temper; ami no two |)ersoiis could
have been l)etter suited to each other, lived more
happily together, or made a house more attrac-
tive to visitors. No baslifid youth or jilain old
man, whose modesty sat them down ,il the low-
er end of th(! table, coulil esca|)e her cordial at-
tention, any more than Hi" titled geiillenian at
her right and left. Y'oiiii;;- persons were her de-
light, and she always had her bouse tilled with
them, all calling her alTectinnately " Aunt Ita-
chel." In till! homely fasbion of the time, she
used to join her liusbMiid and guests in smoking
a jiipe after dinner and in the evening, Ther«
arc now liviiiL!; many persons who well remem-
ber .seeing her smoking by her lircside a long
reed pipe.- ('VCI.OI'KDIA {>]'■ Hioo., p. o8({.
5'ilfl. SMUGGLING fined. /:„;//<inil. In the
session of llj!(H the I'arliainenl proceeded against
soiiK! dozen of opulent merchant-, with foreign
names, by impciehing them for hi.ijh crimes and
misiiriueanors, tor fraiiduleiillv importing for-
eign alamodes and lustrings, and for illegally ex-
porting native wool. One was lined tlO.lHiO;
one, l';}()()0 ; two, JLirjOOcacb ; three, Jt! 100(1 each ;
and one, £'>{H). These sums wen; applied to
the buildingof Oreenwich Hospital. — Knkiht's
Eno., vol "i, ch. 14, J). '212.
5217. SOCIALISM illustrated. Samuel John-
Hun. Sir, their is one Mrs. .Macaulay in this town,
a great rei)iil>lican. One day when I wasat her
hou.se, I put on a very grave countenance, and
•said to her, " .Madam, I am now become a con-
vert to your wav of liunking. 1 am convinced
that all mankiiui are upon an eipial fooling ; and
to give you an un([Uestionable proof, madam,
that I am in earnest, here is a very seu.sible, civ-
il, well-behaved fellow-citizen, your footman ;
I desire that he may be allowe(l to sit down and
(line with us." 1 thus, sir, showed her the ab-
surdity of the l(!velling doctrine. She has never
liked me since. Sir, vour levellers wish to level
U18
rtOCIAMSM— HOCIKTV.
ittneniih fur iu« tliriiiMflvrM , hill llii'Y ('iiiiniit lirar
lirvi'lliiiK "/' tollioniM-lvrN 'riicy woiililiill liuvr
Hiinui |N'o|i|i> iitiiiiT tlki'iii . wliv not, tlu'ii, liiivc
•MIIIH- p4UI|lll> ikiHIVC tllL-m ? IIOHWKI.l.H .lullN
M)N. |) 1V.M.
Mtn. BOOIALini.Politiml. Cihiit (h;„rliu».
yVUv Koniiiii Iriliiiiii. I He liroii^lit forwiird,
itiiil nirrinl tliroii>i:li, wjili I'litliiiHiitslic <'lH|i|)iii^
III I'viTV pair of liitiiils it) Kiitiic llitil wi-rc Imni
i!iir(l with hihor, \\ |)rii|Mi<4al Ihiil. then' nhoiilil lie
|iiihlir ^nitmrii'M in thr city, iiuiintuiiiril ami tllii'd
at till' riixt of till' Slati', mid lliat. corn Hiiuiild h«
sold at. a rat(> arlitlcialiy cliraii to llic |>ooi' frcr
cillzciiM Much a law Wiis iiiiicly Moclalislic. Tim
pri viicf^c was coiilliicd to Itonir, Iwcaiisx in Uoino
tiiiMOcctioiis were licid, and llic Uoiiian i oiiMlilii
cncy wax tlut one depository of power. The ef-
fiMl waH to pallier into llie city it inoii of needy,
iineinpinye(F voters, llvinj^oii llie cliarity of tho
Stale, lo crowd the circus, itiid to clamor at tlie
eiections, availaitic no donht iinniediutely lo
strenKtlieii the luinds of llie |)(ipular triliune,
liut certain in llie loiii^ run lo sell ijieinselves to
lliose wild eould iiiil liinlicMt for their voices.—
Fkoi'dkh Cksak. ell. ;t,
•Vi 10. SOCIETY, Bond of. Kunptianx. I'erjury
wasalso )>unished willi death, liecausc lliatcriine
ullacl^H iiotli llie ;;odH, whose inajeHiy is train-
pled up'>ii liy invoking; their name ton false on* li ;
iiiid men, liy lireakin^ theslr(>iij.resl tie of liumiin
society — viz., sinceritv and veracilv, — itoi.i.iNs
Mist , Hook 1, I'art i, di. 1,
A'J'iO. SOCIETY degraded. CinrpirK TimcM.
DruiikcnneMHiei^'iied in palace aiideoltaKcuiiki!.
(iaiulilin^', cock-ll^htin^, iind bull-ll^'htini; wero
the aniuseinenl.s of tlie people. I'olilical life,
wliicli, if it had been pure and vif,'orous, )nii;lit
have made \\\t for the iihsence of spiritual iiitlu-
eiices, was corrui>t from thi! lop of the s( ;de to
till! holtom ; its elTect on iiiilional cliarac Icr is
portrayed in lloi^^'irth's " Klcclion." That proper-
ty had its duties as well as ils rights, iioliody
had y»'t ventured to say or think. Tlie duty of
a pintleiuan toward hisown class was lo pay his
dehUs ot honor and to light a duel wheiic"-. ; ho
was challeii;.;ed hy one of hisown order ; t ird
the lower cla.ss his duly was none. Thouf;h the
forms of government were elecliv( — and (^'owper
gives us a descrinlion of the candidate at elec-
tioii'time ohse((U!onsly soliciting votes — society
was intensely aristocraticr, and each rank was dl-
videci from that helow it by a sharp line which
l)reelude(i brotherhood or sympalhy. — Smith's |
(/'OWI'KU. < h. 1.
ft'lill. SOCIETY, Deliverer! of. RiforwtrK.
[Hec No. 5220. | That the slave-trade was inicpii-
toiis hardly any one suspec'ed ; even men who
deemed themstJves religious took part in it with-
out scruple. But a change was at hand, and a
.still mightier change was in prospect. At the
time of Cowper's death John Wesley was twen-
ty-eight, and Whitetield was seventeen. With
them the revival of religion was at hand. John-
son, the moral reformer, was twenty-two. How-
ard was born, and in less than a generation Wil-
h.'rforce was to come. — S.mith's Cowpkh, ch. 1.
5233. SOCIETY, An effective. Knights of St.
John. But the firmest bulwark f)f Jerusalem was
founded on the knights of the Hospital of 8t.
.lohn, and of the temple of Solomon ; on the
siriinge iisMocialion of' a inonaMlic and iniliUirv
life, which faiiaticiitm iiiiKht suggeMi, but which
policy iiiiiHt approve. The llosvir of tho nobili
ly o/ Kiirope UNplred to wear Ihe itomm nnd to
pidfesM Ihe vowH of lliese res|H>ctahle orders ;
their spirit and iliHeiplinc were IminortHi ; uiul
the N|N'edy donation of twenty eight IhoiiManil
farms, or iiiiinors, enabled them to support a reg-
ular force nf cavalry and liifiintry for IhiMiefeiiea
ot I'aleslilie (Jillllo.N s iboil;, Cli TiH, |). r»UM.
533:1. SOCIETY, Opposition to. IWt ShHby.
" l.aoii and ( 'ytlina" was . . . representative of ita
iiiilhor. All (lis previous cxperieiiccM and all his
iispiralions~-his iiasHionate belief in friendMhIp,
his principle of tlieeipialily of woiiHn with men,
his demand for bloodless revolution, his eontl-
detice in eloipieiice and reason lo move niitioiiN,
his doctrine of free love, his vegctariiiniHm, IiIh
haired of religious Intolerance and tyranny— aru
blent together and concentrated in the glowing
cantos of this wonderful romance. Tlie hero,
l.aon, is himself ideali/.ed, the self which he im-
iiL^ined when hit undertook his Irish campaign.
Tlie heroine, Cythna, is the helpmate he had al-
ways dreamed, llie woman evipiisiti'ly feminine,
yet ciipiible of being tired with male enthusiasm.
. . In the lirsl edition of the poem he made l.uoit
and Cythna brotherand sister, not because he Im-
lieved in the desirability of incest, but becuiiHehu
wished to throw a glove down to socifHy, and
In attack the iiilolerance of cusiom in it^ Hlrong-
hold— Sv.moniim' SiiKi.i.KV, ch. 5.
5331. SOCIETY, Orderly. t'h/ino,ith Colon}/.
House breaking and highway robbery were of-
fences unknown in their courts, anil too little
apprehended to be made subjects of severe ieg-
islalion. — il.XNcmiKT'H V. S., ch. H.
5335. SOCIETY, Beaotion of. h'omr. [Time of
Nero. I At the summit of the whole dccayinir
.system — necessary, yet delesicd — elevated indef-
initely above tlu; very highest, yet living in dread
of the very lowest, oppressing a population
which he lerrilicd, and lerrilied by tlie population
he op|ires.sed, was an emperor rai.scd to liie divin-
est pinnacle of autocracy, yet conscious that his
life hung upon a thread ; an empc'ror who, in
th(! terrible jihriLsc! of Gibbon, was at once ii
priest, an atheist, and a god. — F.^uuak'h Eauly
Days, ch. 1, p. 4.
5330. SOCIETY, Beformation of. Imjinrtiality.
In I((I(H . . . societ ies for thiM'eformation of man-
ners had for .some time been in activity. Their
business was to lay informations before the mag-
istrates of swearers, drunkards. Sabbath-break-
ers, and other ofTenders, and to appropriate that
portion of the fines whic:h were earned by com-
mon inforiTKirs to purpo.ses of charity. The ob-
jection which ever was and ever will be against
the most honest exertions of such societie-s is,
that they are not impartial in their visitations.
Defoe said : " Till the nobility, gentry, justices
of the peace, and clergy will be pleased to re-
form their own manners, or find out .some meth-
od and power impartially to punisli themselves
when guilty, we humbly crave leave to object to
setting any poor man m the stocks, or sending
him to tlie House of Correction for immoralities,
as the most unju.st and unequal way of pro-
ceeding in the world." — Kniuut'b Enq., vol. 5,
ch. Ki, p. 205.
HOCIKTY-MOI.IHKIt
OIU
'■•I inlliutry
I. >)iil whicli
•f IIW IKllllll.
riMM iiiiil to
if'lo fmllTH ;
•lorlul ; Hlilj
ll IlKMISlllIti
p|»<)it nic)f.
llHMlcr*'ll('0
•N, |>. 5UM.
''">t ShfUiy,
"•'itiviMiflta
iiriil nil hia
IriciidNliip,
I Willi m«,||^
I, 'li-^ coiitl-
Vf lllltioilN,
'"'liMin, IiIn
iiiniiy -aro
lir kIdwIiij;
I Ih^ hero,
ii< ll 111- iiii.
ainpai^r,!,
hi' hiul 111-
y f<'Milniiu.,
iitlniNJaNrii,
Oltult* I,U(IU
aUH«) lu! Ih).
Im'ciiuho Ii«)
x'l'-ly, mid
iti* htrong-
tfi ihlony.
wcrc) of.
too littlo
Nt!V('r(! lo^r.
ri'iiii(M)f
: decay iiiff
lied iiidef-
K in (In.'ad
■opnititioii
•'•piiliUioii
ilui diviii-
1^4 lliiil Ill's
r who, in
it once a
iH Eauly
wrtiality.
"of man -
^ Their
thoiiia/^-
th-brcak-
riate tliat
by com-
Th(! ob-
B against
iotics is,
litations.
iustices
id to re-
ne meth-
!msclves
•bject to
sending
•ralities,
of pro-
voJ. 5,
AOIIT. SOCIETY, Unbound. " War of IfU
Htmft." The iiidlvlduul *m-iim- of jMiNoiial duly,
th« politlciii I iinMcloiisiii'NM of tacli riti/.in that
national order an<l national welfare are <'MM-nlial
to IiIh own well lieini^, had not v<'l <'oine. The
iHtndM whli ll had held the world together tliidiiKh
no niaiiy n\H'n looNeiied iind broke, only to leave
man face lo face wllh IiIh own MeltlNliiiefM. The
rnotivex dial Hway and ennoble the eonunon eon-
•luel of men were |)<iwerleMM over the ruling
clawu-K. I'liiie and kiiitf, IiImIiop and noble, vied
with each other in greed, in M'lf Hceking, in lust,
in fjiillileHHiieMM, in a pilileHs cniilly. ll is IIiIh
moral degradation tluil tlingH no dark a shade over
the wars of the Itoscs. From no period in our
annalH do W(^ turn with such wearinesH ami (IIh-
gilst. Tlieirsavage battles, their riithlcssexecu-
lions, their Hhaineless treasons, seem all llieinori*
lerribhi from the pun- selilshiuss of the ends for
which men fought, for the utter want of all no
blenesH ami cliivalry in the contest itself, of all
great result in itM close. — IIimt. ok Kno. I'iio
I'l-K, 55 4(MI.
AtlilM. SOLDIER, OhrlitUn. '• SUninntlV
JiU'kHoii. \\ tlic siege of Vera Cru/. .Ia"kson
(■ommatided a battery, . . . and was ))ronioted
tlrst-lieutennnl. For hlscon<luct at ('erro(Jordo
he was brcwelted captain, ih; was in all Hcott's
battles to the city of Mexico, and beliaved ho
well tliat he was brevi^tted major for his services.
To his nu'rit.sas a conimander he adtied the virt-
U(>H of an active, liuinbU-, consistent Christian,
n^straining profanity in lii.s camp, wt^lcoming
army i'oiporteurs, <liHtributiiig tracts, and anxious
tliat every regiment . . . should be supplied willi
chaplains. lie was vulgarly sneered at asa fatal-
ist ; liis!'..il)itsof solilo(|uy were derich'd as super-
stitious conversations with a familiar s|iirit ; . . .
but ... lie believed he had a distinct mission of
(iutv, in whi(;li he should la; s|iared for the ends
of Providenee. — P<)I,i,.\iii)'h Fiust Vkauoktiik
VVah, eh. 9, p. 221.
SJilO. SOLDIER, Cruelty and Courtesy of.
Black Printr. |In i:J7(» the Hlack Prince met
the French in (iascony. His last warlike act
ns.sociates his ni'ini- willi th«; infamous system <if
cruelly that makes the individual bravery, en-
durance, and (unirtcsy of the later feudal times
look like hollow mo(!kery — a miserable impost-
ure of self-glorification, trampling upon tlie
Idgher principle; that unites strength with nierey.
Tlinre thousand men, women, and children were
butchercul in cold blood when Limoges was
taken. A few knights, who resolved to batlh;
to the last, placed their backs against a wall,
and long fought against superior numb«!rs.
These Prince Edward ordered to 1m; received to
ransom. This was chivalry. — Knioht's Eno.,
vol. 1, eh. !}1.
5330. SOLDIER, Ignorant. lieif/n of Jat/ies
II. In June, 10H6, T^reonnel came, tlis com-
ini.ssion authorized liim only to command the
troops ; but he brought ■with him royal instruc-
tions touching all parts of the administration,
and at once took the real government of the
island into hi.s own hands. On the day after his
arrival, he ex|)]icitlysai(l that commissions must
be largely given to Roman ("alholic ollicers,
and that room imi.st be made for them by dis-
mis.sing more Protestants, lie pushed on tb(;
lemodelling of the army eagerly and iiulei'atiga
Illy. It wiM, indeed, the only part of tlie func
lioiiH of a commander in chief wiiich he wiw
• ,m|N'tenl lo perform ; for, though couraguouit
in brawls and duels, he knew nothing of mill
lary duty. A I the ver llrst review whh'h he
held, it wuH evident to ikll who Mere near to him
that he did not know how to draw up a regi
nieiil. To turn Knglishtiien out and to put
Irishmen in was, in his view, the iMginning and
the end of the administration of war.— .Macai'
lay's Eno , ( h. (I, p III'.'
a*j:i I. SOLDIER, A natural. CnminU. Hred
to |M>aeefui oeciipalions, he had, at more than
forty years of age, accepted a commisNion in
tlie Parliamentary army. No sooner had he
beeonu; a soldier, than lu; discerned, with the
keen glaiK'e of genius, what Essex and men like
Essex, willi all their experience, were uiialile
to |ier<;eive. lie saw precisely where the strength
of the Royalists lay, and by what means alone
that .strength could be overpowered, lie saw
that it was necessarv to re( oiistruel the army of
the Parliament, lie saw, also, that there were
abundant and excellent materials for the pur
pose — materials less showy, indeed, but more
solid lliaii those of wliich tlie gallant sipiadroiis
of the king were composed, it was necessary
to look for recruits wlio were not mere nu;r-
cenaries ; for recruits of decent station and grave
character, fearing (iod and /.ealoiis for public
liberty. With such men he lllle<l his own regi
meiit, and wliile he subjected them to a disci
iiline more rigid than had everbefore been known
In England, he admiiiistdcd to their intellectual
and moral nature stimulants of fearful poleney.
— MACAtl.AYS E.NO., ell. 1, p. 101).
A'J.'I'J. SOLDIER, A remarkable, (lein-ral Lir.
<j)eiieral I.ee is, almost without exception, the
handsomest man of his age I ever .saw. lie is
tlftysix years old, t .11, broad shoiihlered, very
well made, well set up -a thorough soldier in
ii|)|)earaiicc ; and Ids iiiamiei'.sare most courteous
and full of dignity . lie is a perfect genlli;iiian
in every respect. I imagine no oii»; has so lew
enemies, oris so universally esleeiiied. Through-
out the Houtli all agree in pronouncing him as
near perfection as a man can be. lie lias none
of the small vices, such as smoking, drinking,
chewing, or swearing, and his bitterest en(;my
never accu.sed him of the greater ones . . . Gen-
eral Lee is a religious man. — [English olllcer's
diary, (pioted in] Poi,i,aiu)'h Bkcond Ykau ok
TiiK Wak, 1). 342.
AilS.'l. SOLDIER, Spirited. I'untun. (At the
battle of Dunbar. I It appears there were llicn
only two houses and farmsteads. On this Monday
there had been some slight skirmisliing. Leslie s
horse dashed across those little huts occupied
by Lambert's or Pride's fool and horse, and
seized tlir(;e prisoners, one a nuisketeer, a spir-
ited fellow, with a wooden arm. On being
brought before Leslie, he was asked, " Do the
enemy intend lo light 't" The man replied,
" What do you think we come here for? We
come for nothing else." " Sohiier," said Leslie,
"how will you light, when you have shipped
half your men and all your great guns ?" The
answer was, " Sir, if you please to draw down
your men, you .shall find both men and great
guns too. " To one of the ollicers who asked
liiiii how he dared reply so saucily to the geu-
■' i
oao
SOLDI Kli-SOLDIEliS.
•■ral, ho miid, " I only answer the (jucstion put
1« rae." Loslic s(^nt h!in across, free ii/;ain, by
a trurai)el ; and inakin^r liiw way to Croinwcll,
ho reportod wlmt had passed, ad<lin;r, " I lor
one have lost twenty shillings by the hiisincss,
plundered from me in this skirmish." There-
ui)on the lord general gave him two pieces,
which an; forty shillings and sent him away re-
joicing. — IIOOU'S C'ltOMVVKM,, ell. 11, p. T)!.
5it.'M. SOLDIEB, A wonderful. Ilaiiitihal. On
the first intelligence of the march of the Cartha-
ginians I'uhlius Scipio, the consul, had taken th(!
titild with a large army, and hoped by rapid
marches to arrest him in the lir.st part of his
pr(<gre«s, and to make th(( country of the Trans-
alpine Gauls the theatre of t!,e war ; hut llanni-
hal had got Iho start of him, and had already
ixissed the Rhone in tlx; face of an oi)p()sing
army. He took his way along th' eastern hanks
of that river to Lyons, and thence to one of the
chief pa.sses of th(^ Aijis — not iini)n)l)al)ly thiU
which is now knovvii hy the name of the Great
St. Hernard. On (iroceeding to ascend the
mouutjdns, he found the country in some parts
buried in snow, and at every detile defended by
larg(! troops of mountaineers. Ih^ overcame, by
astonishing i)erseverance, every dilHculty, and,
at length, in the space of lifteen days, penetrated
into that country nhich he had promised to liis
troops as thecnd and then^ward of their lahors.
The time occupied in the whole of this march
was live moii'hs and a half, llisarmy, on leav-
ing Cartilage, amounted to Htt, 000 foot and
20,000 horse; but of these, on a -riving in Italy,
there remained oi.ly '20,000 foot and 0000 horse.
This expedition is ("cservtHllv reckoned one of
the most remarka>!ie exploits of anti(piil\'. —
Tvti.kk's Mist., Look a, ch. !», ]). ;iT!5.
5*235. SOLDIER, Choice. Ilijknn;. The men
[from the frontiers], painti'c! in the guise of
savages, Wtre strong and of great cnchirance,
many o*" fi in more than six feel high ; tliey
wore I' -gingsand mcccasins and an ash-colored
shirt With a double cape ; each one carried a
rifle, a hatchet, a small axe, and a hunter's
knife. Tlicy could subsist on a little pa'cli'Ml
corn and giune, killed as they went along ; at
night, \vra|)pe(l in their bl;inki'1s, liiey willingly
madealrci' Ihcir canopy, the earth their bed.
The rifle in Hieir bauds sent its ball, with unei-
ring precision, adisiance of two or three hun-
dred yards. Their motto was, " jjibcrty or
Death." Tliey were llie lirst lro()])s raised under
the authority of theC()ntin(!'ilid ('ongress,and . . .
the best cor[)s iiiihe camp. . . . They taught the
observing J^'rederick to introduceinto his service
light bodies of shari)sbcoters, and their e.xani-
j)le luus modilied thi^ tactics of Euro])ean armies,
— HANciiOK'r's I,'. S., vol. H, ch. 44.
5236. SOLDIEB, Colonial. Mni/IM (igaind
French. (3n tin; l)auks of Lake George [in nafSj
9024i)r'ivincials . . .assembled. There were the
600 New England rangers, dressed like woods-
men, armed wilii a lirclock and hatchet ; under
their rigiit arm a ])owder-horn ; a leather bag for
bullets at t'lcir waist ; and to each oflicer a
j)ock'jt compa.ss as a guide in the forests. —
Banciokt'.s U. S., vol. 4, ch. 13.
521'?. SOLDIEES, Dauntless. Franks. "The
Franks," .says the Emjicror Consl.intine, "are
lK)ld and valiant to llie vcige of temerity ; and
their dauntless spirit is supported by the con-
tempt of danger and death. In the field and iu
close onset they jiress to the front and rush
headlong against the enemy, without deigning
., compute either his mmdiers or their own.
Thi'ir ranks are formed by the Arm comiectious
of consangiuidty and friendship ; and their
martial deeds are ijrompled by the desire of
.saving or revenging their dearest companions.
In their eyes a retreat is a shamefid flight ; and
flight i.s indelible infamy. — GinnuN's Komk,
eh. niJ, p. !57;{.
5a3§. SOLDIERS, Defensive. Grfvk Empire.
Neither authority nor art coidd frame the most
important nnichine, the .soldier him.self ; and if
theceremoniesof (/onslantine always suppo.se the
saf(! and trium|>hal return of the emperor, his
tactics seldom .s(;ar above the means of escaping
a defeat, and procrastinating the war. Notwith-
standing .soni(! transient success, the Greeks were
st:nk i.i their own esteem and that of their neigh-
bors. A cold hand and a hxpuicious tongue was
the vidgar description of the nation ; the author
of the tactiis was besieged in his capital ; aiul
the last of the Ihirbarians, ^vh() trend)led at the
nanu! of the Saracens, ov Franks, could proudly
exhibit the medals of gold and silver which they
had extorted from the feeble sovc^reign of Con-
stantinople. — GiHiJONs Komk, ch. ");}. p. 3(59.
5239. SOLDIERS, Disobedient. James IT.
The heads of the corporation, though men se-
lected for olflce on account of their known Tory-
ism, j)rotest( d against this illegal proceeding.
The lord-mayor wa,s ordered to appear before
the Privy Coiuicil. " Take heed what you do,"
said the king. " Obey me ; and do not trouble
yourself either about gentlemen of the long roln;
or gentlemen of the sliort robe." . . . The chapel
was opened. .Ml lh(! neighborhood was .soon in
commotion. (Jrcat crowds assembled in Cheap-
side to attack tin; new mass house. The ,>rie.sts
were ins\dted. A cruciflx was taken ;iit of the
building and set ui) on the parish jiump. The
lord-mayor came to (piell the tiunult, but was
received witli cries of " No wooden gotis." The
t rain-bands were ordered to disperse the crowd ;
but they .shared iu the popidar feeling, and m\ir-
miu's were heard from the ranks, " We cannot
in conscience flight for ])o]>ery." — ^Iacm'L.w's
I:n(.., ch. fi, p. !»;'..
5240. SOLDIERS fearful. Ii<>n„fix. Such
was the horror for the profession of a soldier,
which had affected the minds of the degenerate
Romans, that many of the vouth of Italy and
the provinces chose to cut oft the Angers of their
right hand, to escape from being ])re.s.scd into
the service; and this .strange expedient was so
commonly ])ractised, as to deserve the severe
ainmadversion of the laws, and a peculiar name
in the Latin liuiguage. They were called Murci,
denoting a lazy and cowardly ])eison. — Gm-
hon's lio.MK, ch. 17, p. 130.
5241. SOLDIERS, Graves of. Diroratnl. The
first year of the war of Peioponni'sus being
now ela])sed, the Athenians, during the winter,
.volenmized ptd)li(! funerals, according to ancient
custom, . . .in honor of those who had lost their
lives in that campaign, a ceremony which they
constantly observed during the whole course of
tliat war. Fortius purpose they set up. three
ila\s before, a tent, in which the bones of the
^>y the cor.
field Will iu
iiiid rush
111 ileignin^'
their own.
'oniiectioiis
and their
■ desire of
'"11 pan ions.
"i«-hf ; and
KoMK,
SULDIEH8.
an
deceased ( ili/.(;ns were exposed, nnd every per-
Miiri strewed tlovvers, incense, |)erfunies". and
other tiiinf,^s of the same iiind upon those re
mains, 'riie-' afterward were put. o i carriaues,
in cotlins made ot cyi)ress wood, evefy tribe
Imving its |)articular'cotlin and caiTiaiie ; hut.
in one of tiie latter a hir.iie empty cotlin was
(tarried, in iionor of those whose Ixulies had not
hee« found. 'I'iie pfoce.ssion marciied witii a
grave, nia_)«'siic, ,iiid religious pomp ; a great,
number of tiie inhabitants, lioth citi/.cns and I'or-
ei.irners. assisted at this mournful solemnity.
I The most reno»vned orators spoke al llu'ir
graves. J--U01, 1, in's llisi., Mook 7. cli. :J.
5'il2. SOLDIERS, Invulnerable. .{■•</<ifirs. |In
1'<33the Hritish army in Hen.iral felt the necessity
of fortifying against tno probable attack of the
enemy.] An enormous pagoda, more than three
hundred fcijt high, l)ecam(f a citadel, gaiTisoncd
liy a battalion of Hritisb troops. . . . On the
lUght when the astrologers bid decided that, an
attack upon this sacred place would free tlu;
country from the impious strangers, a body of
troops, called Invulnerables, advanced to' the
northern gateway. A terrible cannonade was
opened upon the.se dense masses, and they fled
al once to the neighboring jungle. — Knioht's
En(;., vol. 8, eh. I'i, p. '^li*.
524:1. SOLDIERS maimed. Su/iportal [Solon
established a law] that " persons nniimed in tin-
wars .should be nudiitained at the public charge."
— Pl-l!TAlUn.
52'l'l, SOLDIERS marked. Jf,ni<l—Fa<r. I'he
armies both of Sparta and Athens were com-
posed of four soits of troops : citizens, allies,
mercenaries, and slaves. The soldiers were
sometimes marked in the hand, to distinguish
them from the slaves, who had that charac-
ter impressed upon their forehead. Interpre-
ters believe that it is in allusion to this ilou-
ble manner ,)f marking that it is said in the
Revelation that all wer(! obliged " to receive
the mark of tin? beast in the right hand, or in
their foreheads ;" and that 8t. Paul .savsof him-
.self : " I bear in my body the marks of the
Lord Jesus." — Uom.in's Hist., Hook 10, eh. 2,
5:245. SOLDIERS misnamed. Hiif/ii. <// Jouuk
n. Wlien his [General Kirke's] soldiers dis-
pleased him, he flogged them with merciless
.severity ; but he indemnified them b.v permit-
ting them to slee|) on watch, to reel drunk
about the streets, to rob, beat, and insult the
merchants and tin; laborers. When Tangier
was abandoncMl. Ivirke returned to England.
Hestiii continued to command his old soldiers,
who were designated sometimes as the First Tan-
gier Itegiment and sometimes as Queen Catha-
rine's kegiment. As they had been levied for
the purpose of waging war on an intidel nation,
they bore on their flag a Christian emblem, the
Paschal Lamb. \u allusion to this device, and
with a bitterly ironical meaning, these men, the
rudest and most ferocious in (he English army,
were called Kirke's lambs. — M.\('.\ri,.\v's Enc,
ch. 5, p. 'M\.
5246. SOLDIERS, Model. Cromwdrs. The.se
l>prsona, sol)er. moral, diligent, and accustomed
to reflect, had been induced to take up arms,
nut by the i)ress\u'i' of want, not by the love of
novelty and license, not by the arts of recridting
ofUcers, but by religious and political zeal, nun-
gled with the desire of distinction and i)ronio-
tion. The boast of the soldiers, as we llnd it
recorded in their solenm rtsolulions, was, that
fhev had not been forced into the service, norhacl
eidisted chielly for the sake ot lucre ; that they
wiMo no ,jani/,aries, but freeborn Euglishnuiii,
who had, of their own accord, put their lives in
jeopardy, for the liberties and religion of Eng-
land, and whose right and duty it was to watch
over the welfare of the nation" which they ha(l
saved. — M.vc'.\ui..vv's En(1., ch. 1. p. Il;{.
52ir. SOLDIERS, Nation of. tnniU. The
chief was either hereditary or electe(l, or won
his conuuand by the sword, '{"he ma.ss of the
people weri! serfs. The best fighters wen; .self-
made nobles, under the chief's authority. Every
man in the tribe was the chicr's alisoiu'c sub-
.jcct ; the chief, in turn, was bound t( 'c;t
the nu'anesi of them against injury' ■ ii-
out. War, on a large scale or a siui. .1 ul ' 'n
the occupation of their lives. The s,,. 'vas i„)t
admitted into his father's presence till .^ ^,•a.s
old enough to be a soldier. When the call to
arms went out, every man of the rcipnred age
was (;.\pected at the nuister, and the l;ist comer
was tortured to death in the presem ,■ of his
comrades a.-; a lesson against backwardness. —
FiiouDKs C.i;s.\u, ch. 14.
524!9. SOLDIERS, Notorious. WilKon'ii Zoiianai.
[Colonel] Billy Wilson . . . boastiMl that when
his regiment was moved off [from New York],
it would be found that not a thief, highway-
man, or pickpocket would be left in the city.
— l'()i,i,AKi>'s FrusT Ye.vu ok tiik Wau, ch. 3,
|.. 12.
5a4». SOLDIERS, Odd. Cronurdl's. The Pu-
ritan soldiers of (,'romwell are arnn^d witli all
kinds of weapons, clotlicd in all colors, and some-
times in rags. Pikes, halberds, and long straight
swords are ranged side by side with pistols and
nuiskets. Often he causes his troops to halt that
he nuiy preach to them, and fre(pu'ntly they
sing ]).salms while performing their exerci.se.
The captains iiri; heard to cry, " Pirnnit, Jive ! in
the name of the Lord!" After calling over the
nnister-roll, the otlicers read a portion of the
New or Old TestameiU. Their ('olors are cov-
ered with .symbolical jiaintings and verses from
the Scriptures. They nuirch to the Psalms of
David, while; the Royalists advance singing loose
bacchaindian songs. Tin; license of tlie nobili-
ty and cavaliers composing the king's regular
troops could not prevail, notwithstanding their
bravery, against these nnirtyrs for their faith.
The warriors who believed themselves the sol-
diers of God must sooner or later gain the vic-
'ory over those who are only the servants of
man. Cromwell was the first to feel this con-
viction. — riAMAKTINKS ChOMWP:I 1., p. ^l.
5250. SOLDIERS, Piety of. OromweU'n. Crom
well bad foreseen the destinies of the contest, and
from among the freeholders and tlieir sons in hif
own neighborhood he formed his immortal
troop of Ironsides, those men who, in many a
well-fought field, turned the tide of conflict,
men who ' j(;opar(li/.ed their lives on the high
places of the field." These men were peculiarly
moulded ; their training was even more religious
than military ; they were men of position and
ii'ii
SOLDIERS— SOLITUDE.
cliiiniclcr. Oliver preaclicd to them, pniycd
with llicin, directed their vision to iill llie des-
|)eriite iuid dinieult embroilinertts of the tiiues.
Thes(! iiicTi were Puritans all ; Indepeiidciils ;
men who, however paiiiftil it may hv, to f>ur
more Olirintian notions, used their Hibh; as a
inateidoek, and relieved their <;uard by revolv
ing texts of Holy Writ, and refreshed tiieir
«()>nage by draughts from God's Hook. — Hood's
Ckomwicm., eh. 0, p. it;').
9251. . Cromwcll'n. But that
wliieh chielly distinguished the army of Crom-
well from oliier arnues was the au.stero morality
and the fear of God which pervaded all ranks.
It is acknowledged by tlm mo.st zealous Royal-
ists that, in that singular camp, no oath was
heard, no drunkenness or gand)ling was .seen,
and that during tlu; long domiinon of the sol-
diery tile property of the peaceable citizen and
the honor of woman were held sacred. If out-
nvges were conunitted, they were outrages of
a very different kind from tiiose of which a vic-
torious army is generally guilty. No .servanl-
girl complained of llu; rough gallantry of thts
red-coats ; not an ounce of i)lat(! was taken from
ilu! sho])s of tli(^ goldsmiths ; but a Pelagian
sermon, or a window on which the Virgin and
Child were painted, produced in the Pliritan
ranks an excitement which it re«|uired the ut-
most exertions of the oflicers to (juell. — Macav-
I.AV's EN(i., cli. I, p. 114.
5352. SOLDIERS described, Poor. C<(to. "I
do not like," he said once, " a soldier who
moves his hands when he marches and Ins feet
when lie lights, and who snores louder in bed
than he shouts in battle " — Cvcr.oiMcniA ok
Bi.xi., p. 4'-':.'.
525:t. SOLDIERS, Professional. Ldccda'tnu-
iiiiin. 'I'lie allies of Spiu'ta likewise complained
of Agesilaus, that it was not in any public;
(juarrel, but from an obstinate spirit of prixate
resentment, that hesouglitto destroy the The-
bans. For their i)a)'l, they .said, they were;
wearing tlicm.selves out. without any occasion,
by going in such numbers upon this or lliat
expedition every year, at llie will of a liandful
of LacedaMiiomans. llei'enpoii Agesilaus, de-
sirous to show llicin that the number of their
warrioi's was not so gi'cat. ordei'cd all the allies
to sii down ])roniiscu()Usly on one side and all
the liaced.emonians on the other. This don(\ the
crier summoned the trades to stand \\\t one after
another, tlie potters tirst, and then tlu! braziers,
the carpenters, the unisons— in short, all the me-
chanics. Almost all the allies rose up to answer
in one branch of business or otlu^r, but not one
of the Ijacediemonians ; for they were forbi<lden
to learn or exercise any manual art. 'i'ben
Agesilaus smiled and said, "You see, my fi'iends,
we .send more warriors into the field than you."
— Pl.rTAHf'Il'S AciKSlLAIS.
5254. SOLDIERS, Quality of. Crotmnn'x.
" At his tirst entramc into the wars," observes
\\\G IMuinid' lia.rU;ri<tn(i. " being but captain of
liorse, he had espec iai care to get rclit/iovM men
into his troops ; these; men were of greater un-
derstanding than commot! soMiers, and tliere-
fore were more a,)|)relicnsi\e of tlie importance
and conse(iuenc( s of the war. Hy this means,
indeed, he sped better than he expected. Ilere-
uponhe got a cnnimissinn to take some care of
the associated counties, where he brougiit hiH
troop into a doubh; regiment of fourt(!on full
troo|)s, and all lhe.se as full of religiouH men a.s
he could get ; tlujse, liaving more tlian ordinary
wit and resolution, liail more than ordinary suc-
cess.— Hood's (;uoMWi«;i,i,, ch. «, p. 100.
5255. SOLDIERS, Terrible. Janiznries. [Un-
der Amurath I., tlie Turk. J Vigilant officers
were stationed at Gallipoli, to watch the pas.sage
and to select for his use the stoutest and most
l)eaufiful of the Chri.stiaii youth. . . . Many
thousands of the European (•ai)tives were edu-
cated in religion and arms, and the new militia
was consecrated and named by a celebrated der-
vis. Btjuiding in the front of their rank.s, he
stretched the sleeve of his gown over the head
of th(! fonimost soldier, and his blessing was
delivered in the.se words : " Let them be called
.lanizaries ( Yoif/i chcri, or new soldiers) ; may
their countenance be eviT bright! their band
victorious ! their sAvord keen ! may their spear
always hang over the heads of their enemies f
and wheresoever they go, may they return with a
irhitc fare !" 8u<;h was the oi'igin of these
haughty troops, tlu; terror of the nations, and
sometimes of the; sultans them.scilves. — Gihho.n'8
RoMK, ch. 04, p. 23.').
5256. SOLDIERS, Unqualified. Reign of
ChaiicHl. In a country which had not, within
the memory of the oldest person living, made
war on a great .scale by land, generals of tried
skill and valor were not to be found. It was
necessary, therefore, in the tirst instance, to trust
untried men, and the preference was naturally
given to men distinguished either by their sta-
tion, or by tlmjibilities which they had displayed
in Parliament, In scarcely a single instance,
however, was the seJcction fortunate. Neither
the grandees nor the orators jiroved good sol-
iliers. The Earl of Stamford, one of Ihc' greatest
nobles of I'^ngland, was ro\ited by the Royalists
at Stratton. Nathaniel Fieniics, inferior to none
of his contemponiries in talents for civil business,
disgraced himself l)y the pusillanimous surr<'n-
der of Hristol. Indeeu, of all the slate>^inen
who at this juncture iicce])led high military com-
iiiands, Ilami)den alone ajtpears to have carried
intotlu! cam]>tli(; ca])acily iuid strength of mind
which had made him eminent in politics. —
Macaui.ay's E\(j., ch. 1, ji. 1(W.
5257. SOLITUDE, Delight in. lUihiil Bo,>i„:
Occupying the tirst <()ttage in Kentucky, in the
sjiring of ITTO . . . [his] brother returned to
till' .settlements for hor.ses and su])pliesof anunu-
nition, leaving the renowned hunter " by him-
self, without iireail, or salt, or sugar, or even a
horse or dog." . . . He was no more alone
than a l)e(; among the llowers, but communed
familiarly with the whole universe of life. . . .
For him tin; rocks and fcnintains, the leaf and
the blade of grass, had life ; . . . the trees stood
up,. . . myiiads of comi)anions. . . . Tlieiier-
]ietual howling of the wolves by night round his
cottage, or liis bivouac in the brake, was his di-
version. . . . He returned to his wife and chil-
dren iixed in his purpose, at the risk of life and
fortune, to bring them iis .soon as possible to live
in Kentucky, which he esteemed a second Para-
dise. — Banckokt's r. S., vol. Cell. 41.
525H. SOLITUDE. Moroseness by. ('lir>/.ii>iH»/ii.
He maintained, fimii ■■mnc consideralions of
> I;
/.i^Ua
SON— SOUCKUY.
t>2;}
Leiilth or iibKliiic'iicc, his . . . habit.s of Inking his
repiuito hIoiic ; and this inlioHpitabIc custotii,
wliidi bis enemies imputed to pride, eoiitrihuicd,
at least, to nourisli tlie infirmity of a morose ancl
unsocial humor. — OiimoN, ch. 3, p. 342.
5250. SON, A devoted. ConfuciuH. Just as ho
was about to be promoted to the highest digni-
ties of the empire, his mother, in tlie flower of
her age, suddenly died. Inunisdiately, inaecord-
anee with the ancient traditions, lie resigned
his oHlce, and resolved to pay all the honors to
his mother's memory which the most rigorous
of the old customs demanded. After conveying
the body to the siunmitof a mountain, wherc'the
ashes of his father reposed, \u' secluded himself
from society, and pa.ssed three whole years in
mourning the irreparabU; loss which lie hud sus-
tained, his only relief being the study of i)hi-
losophy. — (Cyclopedia of Bioo., p. 409.
5360. SON like Mother. Ktiiperor Nft-o. Clau-
dius, by the advice of his faithful councillors,
his freednuin, married his niece Agrippina, the
daughter of (Jcrmanicus, a woman equally
vioio\is as Messidina, and more daring in her
crimes. Her favorite object wiis to scciu'e the
empire for her son Domitius .Enobarbus [Xcro] ;
and, to gain the freedmen to her interest, she
ma(le no scrujilc to prostitute heiself to them.
In the prosec'ution of her scheme she employed
banishment, poison, murder — evcny different
engine of vice and inhumanity. She obliged
Octavia, the emperor's daughter, to marry Domi-
tius, whom sh(! now madi^ Claudius adopt, to
the prejudice of his son Britannicus ; and Domi-
tius was haiUul C;.sar, with the titles of Xero
CldUilitis ViV.vir Druxiin Gernidiiicioi. . . . Agrip-
pina, having i)y thesi; comiilicatcd crimes paved
the way for llu! su(H'essi()n of her son to the
throne, now tbouglit ])ro|)cr to make way for
him l)y poisoning iier iiusband ; and (Maudius,
after a reign of lourtcen j-cars, was thus carried
off attlu'ageof sixtv-three. — TvTi. Kit's IIist.,
Book ."), cii. 1, [). 4S(i.
5201. SON, Eeconciling. T/iniii.slodcu. Ad-
nu'tus, kingof tlif M(>los>iaiis, . . had nuule a re-
quest to the Allicnians, vvliich being rejc^'ted
with si i-n by Tliemistoeles in the time of his
prospci ity and inlluence in the Stale, the king
entertained a deep v I'ntment against him, and
made no secret of In intention to revenge hini-
s("', if evei- tlie Atlunian should fall into his
However, while he was thus tlyingfrom
) place, he was more afraid of the recent
f his countrymen than of the eonse-
of an old (piarrel with the king ; and
he went and ymt himself in his liands.
powr
placi
envy
queiu .
thereto
appear! :; before him as a suiiplicant ui a par-
ticular and extraordinary manner, lie took the
king's son, who was yet a child, in his arms,
a«d kneeled down before the household gods.
This manner of ofTering a petition the Molos-
sians look upon as the most etfectual, and the
only one that can liardly be rejecte(l. — Pi.u-
TAHCII'S TUKMISTOCIJOS.
5262. SONG, Enamored by. Jo.vah Quiitri/.
[While visiting his aunt in Boston lie met a
young lady who made no impression on his
mind till] she began to sing one of the songs of
Burns with a clearness of voice and with a
degree of taste and feeling which charmed and
excited him beyond anything he had ever e\-
perienccd. He immediately threw down the law
papers wliich he had been examiniug, and re-
turned to the company. Miss Morion .sang .several
other .songs, to the great delight of all who heard
her, and to the unl)ounded rapture of this par-
ticular young gentleman. VVhen the singing
was over, he entered into conversation withlier,
and discovered her to be an inlellig(;nt, well-in-
formed, unalTecled, and kind-hearted girl. Id
short, he fell in love with her upon the spot, and
when the young lady left Boston a week after,
he was engaged to her. Some time elapsed, how-
ever, before they were married. SIk^ was a
young lady of liighly respectable connections
and con.siderable fortune. The marriage was
suitalile in all respects, and they lived together
tifty-thrce liappy years. This most fortunate
union was, no doubt, one of the main eaus(!s of
tlu! singular peace and uninterrupted happiness
of his life. — ('vci.oi'koia ok Bioo., p. T.'ii.
5a«3. SONG, Political. /.V///;, of JamM JT.
I Irish Roman Catholic troops were brought into
Ingland to aid the king in sujiplanting the Prot-
estant religion.] Thomas W'li.arton had writ-
ten a satirical ballad on the administration of 'i'yr-
connel [lord-lieutenant of Ireland]. In this little
poem an Irishman congratuliilesa brother Irish-
man, in a barbarous jargon, fin the approaching
triunqih of popery and of the Milesian race. The
Protestant heir will be excluded. The Protestant
oHlcers will be bi-oken. The (treat Charter and
the praters who aiipcal to it will be han.ired in
one rope. The good T.ijliot will shower com-
missions on his coiiiili ynien, and will cut the
throats of the Knglisii. These verses, which were
in no respect al)o\(' the ordinary stand.ard of
slreel poetry, had lor burden some gibberish
which was said to have been used as .-i watch-
word by the insurgents of ristei' in Hill. TIk-
verses and the tune caught the fancy of the na-
tion. From one end of Mnglaiid to the other all
classes were coiisl.inlly singing this idle rhyme.
. . . One of tile cb.ir.acteristics of the good old
soldier is bis trick of whistling Ivilliliullero.
Wharton aftei'ward boasted that he had sinig a
king out of three kingdoms. Mut, in truth, the
success of Liliibullero was the efl'eet, and not the
cause, of that excited state of public fei^ling
which i)ro(luced the Revolution. — Macaui.av's
En(!., ch. i), p. :5()7.
5i26'l. SOECEKY condemned. Knf/laiid. a.d.
1440. I In 1440] the AVitih of Kye was buriied
in Smitlilield for having, in former days, giv(!ri
medicinis to Eleanor Coliham to make ftie Oiik(!
of (iJoiK ("-ter love herand wed her. | The duk(;'s
wife was lirought liei'ore an ecclesiastical com-
mi.ssion by the ]iolitieal eiieniies of her husband,
and] condenuied by the bisbojistoall th(! humilia-
tions of ])enance in the .streets of Lonilon, on three
several days. . . . She was contined at Calais
and th(> I.sle of .Man for the remainder of her
life. [Her otTenc(! was only this : she had con-
sulted an astrologer] to know what should tail
of her, and to what estate she sliouhl come. —
Kmoeii's E\(5., vol. 2, ch. 6, p. 94.
5265. SORCERY, Fear of. B;/ Joan of Arc.
The only question was whether thes(! beings were
good or evil angels; whether she brought with
her "airs from heaven or blasta from hell."
This (piestion seemed to her countrymen to lie
deeisivclv settled in her favor bv the austrra
624
SOItCEHY— SOUL.
'1
sanctity of licr life, liy tlic liolincss of her con-
versation, bill .still more Ity hi r cxcinpliiry atten-
tion to nil the s(!rvices and rites of tht! (nmrcli.
Tlie dauphin at tirst feared the injury that luij^lil
be done to his cause if hv. laid liiniself open to
th(f charge of having leagued himself with ii
sorceress. Every imaginable test, therefore, was
resorted to in order to set Joan's ortliodo.xy and
purity beyond suspicion. At last Charles and
ins advisers felt safe in accepting her services as
tlio.se of a triK! and virtuous (,'hri.stian daugli-
ter of the Holy Churcli. — Dkcisive 1J.\tti,i;«,
5'2«0. BORCEBY punished. Ilcnn/ VI. [He
married liis mistress, Eleanor Cobhani ; she was
charged with compassing th(! king's death by sor-
cery.] Her judges found that she had made a
waxen image of the king and slowly melted it
at a fire, iipro(;e.ss which was held to account for
Henry's growing weakness both of body and
mind. The duchess was doomed to piiiianct! for
her crime ; she was led bareheaded and bare-
footed in a white i)enance-slieet through the
stHiets of London, and then tlirown into i)rison
for life. — Hist, of E.\(;. Pi:()1m,i;, t^ 4H(i.
5267. SORROW, A living. Mother of Wi'dti/.
Susanna Wesley, ... in a letter to her brother,
writes, with the anguish which only a mother
can know, for the saddest sorrow of a child :
' () sir ! O brother ! liappy, thrice happy arc
you ; happy is my sister that buried your chil-
dren in infancy, secure from tcmjitation, .s(!cure
from guilt, secure from want and shame, .secure
from the loss of friends. Believe me, it is better
to mourn ten children dead than one living,
and I have buried many." — STfn'ENs' Method-
ism, vol I, p. 59.
526§. SORROW, Sentimental. A'e/acv. ['I'he
Persians invaded Greece.) He left Sardis, and
directed his march toward the Hellesi>ont.
Being arrived there, he Avislied to have the
plea.sure of seeing a naval engagement. A throne
was erected for liim upon an eminences ; and in
that situation, .seeing all the sea crowded with
his ve.s.sels, and the land covered with his troops,
he at first felt a .secret joy ditfu.se it.sclf through
Ins soul, in surveying with his own eyes the vast
extent of his power, and considering himself as
the mo.st liappy of mortals ; but retlecting soon
afterward, that of so many thousands in a liun-
lircd years' time there would not be one living
soul remaining, liis joy was turned into griei'.
and he could not forbear weeping at the uncer-
tainty and instability of human things. He
might have found another subject of reflection,
which would have more justly merited his tears
and afiiiction, had he turned his thoughts upon
himself, and considered the reproaches he de-
served for being the instrumentof .sliorteningthnt
fatal term to millions of peophs, whom Ids cruel
aml)iti()n was going to .sacrifice in an unjust and
unnecessary war. [He had 1,8()0,()0() men.] —
lioi.MNS Hist., Book 0, ch. 2, ^5 2.
5269. SOUL, Divinity of the. Pi/t/iai/orfi.t.
Pythagoras regarded the human soul as consist-
ing of two part.s — the oni; a sensitive, which is
common to man and the inferior animals ; the
other a ratiouiil and divine, which is ('omnion to
man with the Deity, and is indeed a part of the
divine nature. The first ju'rishes with the body,
of whi(;h it is an iiisepar.ililc adjuiict ; the other
survives and is immoilal ; Iml after the death of
oiii.' body it entiM's into another, and so pa.sses
through an endless series of transmigrations.
It is punished by degradation into tiie IxkIv of
an inferior animal. — Tvri, Kit's Hist., Book 2,
I'h. «, p. 2(i:{.
5270. SOUL, Immortality of the. Soeraten.
So('rates passed the rest of the day [his last day]
with his friends, and conversed with them witli
his usual . . . tran(|uillity. 'Y\w subject of
conversation was most important, and well suit-
ed to his ]>resent condition that is to say, the
immortality of the soul. What gavt^ ocea.sion
to this discour.sc was a (|ueslion introduced in a
manner by chance, Whether a \vw. |)liilo.sopher
ought not to desire and take i)ains to die ? This
jiroposition, taken too literally, implied an opin-
ion that a i)hili)soplicr might kill himself. Soc-
rati'S shows that nothingis more unjust than this
notion ; and that man, appertaining to God,
who formed and jjlaccd him with His (jwn haiKl
in the post he possesses, cannot abandon it with-
out His pciiiiission, nor quit life without His
order. ^Vllatisil, then, that can induce a philos-
opher to entertain this love for death '! It can
])(• only the hope; of that liai)piness which he ex-
l)ects in another life, and that hope can b(!
founded only u])on the opinion of tlu^ soul'sim-
mortalily. — Uoi.i.i.n's Hist., Book 9, ch. 4, g 7.
5271. SOUL, Mystery of the. Mahomet. [Ma-
homet's wisdom was hsicd by the rabbins, who
asked an answer to this ipiestion, " What is the
.souI ':'" Mahomet demanded] three days to re-
flect. He then rei)licd to the questions to the
satisfaction of the rabbins. As to the definition
of the soul, which does not fall under the .senses,
and which cannot be defined by words all bor-
rowed from material i)roperties : " The soul,"
said he, "is a mvsteiy, of which God has re-
served to IlimscJt' alone the knowledge. Man
can know only what God vouchsafes to teach
him. " — L.v.MAUTiNKsTiiiKKV, p. 87.
5272. SOUL, Nobility of. Dor ins. Polystru-
tus having gor.'.f aside to a fountain to quench
his thirst, saw hard by a mean wagon, in which
lay a wounded man, to ai)i)earance in tlie agonies
of death. There was no attendant near. On
approaching, he perceived that it was the king
of the Persians, who lay stretched upon a skin,
covered with wounds. AVhen Polystratus came
near, he opened his eyes, and feebly asked of
him a (h-aught of water, which when he had re-
ceived, " VVIioever thou art," said he, " who hast
done me this office of humanity, it is the last of
my misfortunes that I can oiler thee no return.
But Alexander will requite thee for it ; and may
the gods reward him for that generous compas-
sion which, though an enemy, he has shown to
me and to my imforlunate kindred. Take,"
•saiil he, " this hand as the pledge of my grati-
tude." So saying, he grasped the hand of
Polystratus, and immediately expired. Such
was the end of Darius Codomannus. ... Of
this prince it may be truly said that he merited a
belter fate. The tender and humane affections
formed a strong ingredient in his nature. When
we consider him strijijicd of his donnnions, his
crown and life .sacrificed to the insatiable ambi-
tion of an uiqirovoki'd invader — to forgive was
much ; but an emotion of gratitude to that
enemy, exprcs.sed with his latest breath, indi-
w— — —■
son,— SPECX'LATION.
r>2o
tilt' (lentil of
i<l so passes
^nii^TiitioiiH.
the b(Kly of
T., Book 2,
lis last diiy]
1 llieni with
•siiliject of
1(1 well suit-
to say, tli(!
V(' occasion
odiiccd in a
philosopher
) (lie V This
c(l an opin-
iself. Hoc-
istthnn this
IK to God,
■* own liaiKl
don it with-
it liout Ills
iccaphihjs-
h ? It can
liich heex-
j)e can be
e soul's ini-
<h. 4, g 7.
met. [Ma-
hhins, who
^liat is the
iiiiys to re-
oiis to tlie
■ definition
the senses,
ds all bor-
rhe soul,"
od has re-
l.irc. Man
■< to teach
Polystru-
to quench
, in which
lie agonies
near. On
f the king
on a skin,
fitus came
asked of
lie had re-
who hast
Jic last of
lo return.
and may
i compas-
sliown to
Take,"
niy grati-
liand of
. SlK^h
. . . Of
merited a
iffections
L'. When
lions, his
)Ie ambi-
B^ive was
to that
■h. indi-
cated a ^icniTosily <>f soul which is scarcely tube
jiaialleied. — Tyti, Kit's Hist., Hook '2, i li. 4,
|). 1H9.
5373. SOUL, Seat of the. ArixMU. \\v in-
t'oi'ins us that, in his opinion, tlu; scat of tlu^sonl
is that portion of tlu; lirain called the i>iiiciil
irliiiid, 11 small, solid mass of nervous mutter in
tli(! midst of the lolx^s of the brain. The rea-
son which this great philosopher gives for so
lliiiiking is, that "all the other parts of the brain
ar<; doiililc and thoug!il is single." Man's soul
thus being in the head, he feels it necessary lo
explain wliy we are i)rovidcd with bodies and
linilis. Sinc(! the .soul is coniplclelj' enclosed
within the skull, why should W(! b(! encumbered
with such a gn^al mass (jf unspirilual matter'!'
The gods foresaw, Ik; tells us, that the li(;ad,
Ix'ing round, would roll down the hills, and couhl
not ascend steep phuvs ; and lo prevent this,
th(! body was added as a carrier and locomotive
of the head. — Cv('i.oi'i:i)i.v ok Hioo., p. 500.
5274. SOUL, Superiority of the. William ITT.
(William III. was for many years afflicted with
the aslbina, and during the later years of his
life was greatly opposed and annoyed by the
partisan spirit in l-'arliament, which ignored his
great servic(!s to England, and his recommenda-
tions for the security of the .State. In the sum-
mer of 1701 he apiM'arcd in tin; last stages of
liodily feebleness, but the labors of the follow-
ing autumn ni)pcared to improve his health. It
wasa p(!riodof publicexigeiuy, arising from the
aggressive attitude of France. William seemecJ
to rise sujierior to bodily disease in i)repariiig for
the conflict which was threatened.] It hasl)ceii
admirably said liy Lord ^labon : "Let those
who doubt the dominion of the soul over the
bodily j)owers, who deny that ii strong mind
can sway and strengthen and force onward a
feeble suifering frame — let such observe whether
in the last labors of William to form the Alli-
ance, or in tlu' Alliance it.self when formed,
they can discover any trace of sickness — one
single mark of languor or decline." — KxKiiiT's
En'(i., vol. 5 eh. 10, p. So;?.
5275. SOVEREIGN, An American. Geuenil
draiit. I .Vflcr sixteen years of public service he
proposed a lourof travel.] A government vessel,
the Indiana, was placed at his disposal, with-
out limit as to time. Tliis aiiiiouncemeiit
awakened the liveliest interest in England, where
lie was first to land, and it was agitated in ail
the papers wlie!her the courtesi(;s tendered him
should b(! those accorded to a sovereign ruler or a
private eili/.en. Van Buren and Fillmore had
both been received simi)ly as distinguished Amer-
ican citizens. At length Lord Beaconsfleld ati-
noiinced that he should be received as a sov-
ereign. — IIl'.ADl.KV'S TlJAVKI.S OK Gi:\Kl(\l,
<}U.\NT, p. 5.
5270. SOVEREIGNTY, Claims of. Sword nf
Mars. It was natural enough that tlie Scythians
should adore, with peculiardevotion, the; god of
war ; but as they were incapable of forming
(dthcr an abstract idea or a corporeal represen-
tation, they worshipped their tutelar deity under
the symbol of an iron eimeter. One of the
shepherds of the Iluns perceived that a heifer
who was grazing hiid wounded herself in the
foot, and curiously followed the track of the
blood, till li:' (li-c(i"vcr.(!, niDoiii;- \\\r ]>
the point of an ancient sword, which Ik; dug out
of the ground and presented lo Attila. That
magnanimous, or rather, that artful, prince ac-
cepted, with i)ious gratitude, this celestial favor;
and, as tin! rightful possessor of tin; mrord of
.\TarK, asserted his divine and indefeasibh- claim
to the dominion of the earth. — (tiniioN's Momi;.
ch. :{4, p. ;wo.
5277. SPECIALTY, Success by. T'Jw/irror Max
iinian. Maximian was born a ix-asant, and, lik(!
Aurelian, in the territory of Sirmium. Ig-
norant of letters, careless of laws, the rusticity
of his appearance and manners still betrayed in
the most elevated fortune the meanness of his
extraction. War was the only art which lie
professed. . . . After the exaniph; of Marcus, lie
gave himself a colleagiu! in the i)erson of ^Iax
imian, on whom lu! bestowed at first the title of
('a>sar, and afterward that of Augustus. — (Jiii
hon's IloMK, ch. li], p. 405.
527§. SPECTACLE, Magnificent. Clropotr.,.
[She left her dominions to visit Antony in Cili-
cia.] She .sailed alongthe river Cydnus in a most
magnificent galley. The stern was covered with
gold, the sails were of ])ur])le, and the oars were
silver. These, in their motion, kept time! to the
music of flutes and jiipes and harps. TluMpicen,
in tlieclrcss and character of X'enus, lay under a
canopy embroidered with gold, of tin; most ex-
(juisite workmanship, while boys, lik(! painted
Cupids, stood fanning her on each side of the
sofa. Her maids were of themosi disiinguislied
beauty, and, habited like tlu; Nereids and the
(traces, assisted in the steerag(! and conduct of
the vessel. The fragrance of bui'ning inccnsir
was difTused along the shores, which were c()s--
cred with multitudes of people. Some followed
the procession, and such nunilicrs went down
from the city to see it, that Anlony was at last
left alone on the tribunal. A rumor was soon
spread that Venus was come to feast willi Hai-
chiis, for the benefit of Asia. Antony sent to
invite her to supper ; but she thought it his
duty to wait upon her, and to show his polite-
ness, on her arrival lu; comiilied, lie was aston-
ished at the magniticence of the iireparations,
but iiarlicularly at that multitude! of lights,
which wer(! raised or let down together, anil
ilisjiosed in such a variety of siiuare jind circu-
lar tigurcs, that they all'orded one of the most
pleasing spectacles that has been recorded in
liistory. — Fi,i'r.\i!cii's An'ionv.
527!>. SPECULATION, Endangered by, •lll^trk
p'ridiii/." In the autumn of iMii* occurrcil ilie
most cxlraorilinnr}' monetary excitement ever
known in the I'nited Stales, or ])eiliaps in the
world. .V company of unsci-upulous speciiln-
tois in New Vork City, headed by ,Iay Gould
and James Fisk, Jr., succeeded in jircjducing
what is known as a " coinir"in the gold market,
and brought the business interests of the metrop-
olis to the verge of ruin. During the civil war
the credit of the government had declined to
such an extent that at one time a dollar in gold
was worth two hundred and eighty-six cents in
])aper curr(>iicy ; but after the restoration of the
national authoritj' the value of jjajicr money ap-
lireciated, and in the fall of IHtit) tlu; ratio of
gold to the greenback dollar had fallen to about
one hundred and thirty to one hundred. There
were ;it this time, in the lianks of New York,
- I
111'
6;iG
SPECULATION.
! k
tillirii iiiillidii (Inlliirs in irolil coin aiiil io the
siil»-lrc!i.sury of llic United Sliilcs ii iiuiKlicd
rnllliofis iiiorc. 'I'lic plan ol' (ioiiid atid FihIv
was to ^et control, by purchase, of Die ;;realer
part of the tifteeii millions, lo prevent the secre-
tary of the trciisury from selling any part of the
hundred millions under his authority ; then, hav-
ing control of the market, to advance the price
of irold l(j a fahuloiis ('i!;ure, sell out ail which
tiny held theniselvi's, and retire from the Held
of Hlaii^i'litcred fortunes witli their accunuilated
millionsof s|)oils. . . . I Ijivinu; carefully arranifcd
;dl the prelimini'rics, the conspirators, on the
l:ith of Sei)lcnd>er, heiraii their work of j)ur-
chasiti;;; pold- at the sanw time constantly ad-
vancing^ the price. I5y the 2',M of the moiUh
they had succeeded in puttini,' up tlu^ rate to a
hiuidred and forty. On the next day the jirice
rose toa hundred and forty-four. The members
of the consi)iracv now boldly avowed their de-
lerminalioii to advance IIk^ rate lotwo hundrcil,
and it seemed that on the mori'ow Ihey would
[iMl the;"' thr(!at into execution. On the morn-
ini,'' of the 'i4th, known as lUid-l,- Fvitlntj. the
liiddin;^ in the Oold Uoom bcLran wiiii inlen.sc ( x-
citement. The brokers of Fisk and <;iiuld ad-
vanced the price to a hundred and lil'ly. a hun-
dred and tifty-tive, and tiindly to a hundred and
sixty, at which Hfj:ure they were oliliLreil to pin-
chase si!veral millions by a company of mer-
chants who had banded themselves toLTctlicr
with the determination to tiijht the irold-^ani-
blers to the la.st. Just at this moment came a
despatch that Secretary Houtwell had ordered
a sale of four millions from the sub-treasury.
There wa.s an instantaneous panic. 'I'he price
of ^;ol(l went down twenty per cent in less than
ivs many nunutes ! The si>eculators were blown
away in an uproar ; but they manui^ed, hy ac-
cumulated frauds and corrujitions, to carry off
irtilh them more than elvirii vdllion dollars, an the
fruit of tluir ncfarioun giuae. Several months
elapsed before the business of tlu! country re-
<:overe(l from the effects of the .shock. — \iuy-
I'/VTii's U. S., eh. 68, p. 55:3.
52S0. SPECULATION, Epidemic of. Kmjland,
1720. [Under Uie intluence of the gipuitic
South Sea Scheme tin' spirit of speculation
in 1720 l)ecame an e])idemic.] Companies of
every character — water compaiues, fishery com-
|)anies, companies for vai'ious maniifactures,
companies for settlements and foreign trade —
infinite varieties, down to companies for fatting
hogs and importing jackasses from Spain —
rushed into the market amid the iini\-crsal cry for
shares, and inon; shares. ... It was calculated
that the value of the stock of all the comi)anies
. . . was twic(> as much as the fee simple of all
the land of the kingdom, . . . and five times as
nuich as the circulating medium of Europe. — •
K.NKiiiT's En<i., \()1. 0, eh. !], p. 42.
sail. SPECULATION, Imperilled by. Itax.
raliti). The year IHIS) w as noted for a great tiiian-
cial crisLs — the first of many that have occur-
red to disturb and distress the cf>untry. With
the reorganization of the Hank of the United
States, in 1817, the improved facilities for credit
gave rise to man}" extravagant sp('culations, gen-
erally conceived in dishonesty and carried on
by fraud. Tlie great branch bank at Haltimore
was especially infested by a band of unscrupu-
lous speculators, who succeeded, in connivance
with the ollicers, in withdrawing from tlut in
stitntion fully two ndllionsof dollars beyond its
securities. President Cln-ves, however, of the Su
perior Hoard of Directors, adopted a policy
which exposed the |H'evailing rascality, aiid by
putting an end to the system of uidinuted cren-
its, gradually restored the busiiu'ss of the coun-
try to a lirnier liasis. Hut for the timti l)»!ing
tinancial affairs were thrown into confusion ;
and the Hank of th(^ United States it.self was
barely saved from susfu'nsion and bankruptcy.
— Uii)i'.\rii'H U. S.. ch. r)2, |i. 411».
S'iN'i. SPECULATION, Mania for, Fr a n c c.
|.(i)hn Law had th(' management of the finances
of France.] I)ukes and footmen, capitalists and
shop-boys, ladies of the court and servant-maids,
jostled one another in their eagerness to buy tlie
favorit(; share of the moment. The iirovinces
poured into I'aris tens of thousands of pe()])le
i eager to join in the maddening game, and the
mania s])rea(l at last to all the countries of Eu-
rope. Kingsand pi'inces of distant lands bought
shares in Law's delusive schemes, and in Lon
don the mania ragcil almost as violently as at
Paris. Money was Ijorrowed in Paris at tlie
ralt^ of a ((uarter jier cent per quarter of an
liour. the lender keeping liis eyes upon his
watcli. Desk-room was let in the vicinity of
the share-market for fifty francs a day. Shares,
bonds, and coin changed in value fifty times in
a morning. So i)opular was the magician who
had conjured up this state of things, that large
sums weri! given for places where he could be
seen in passing, and it was a distinction to hv
i\hU: to say, " I liave seen John Law." A poor
old cobbler, who had a little shoj) in the street
tiius suddenly invested with so much impor-
tance, cleared two hundred francs a day by let-
ting chairs and desks, and selling pens ami
jiaper. Men made fortunes in a few days. Peo-
l)le who were lackeys one week kept lackeys tlie
next. Law's own coachman came to him one
day and addressed Lim thus: "I am going to
leave you, .sir. Here are two young men, both
of whom, I answer for it, are excellent coacli-
nieii. Take j'our choice, and I will keep the
other my.self." . . . This madness raged in Eu-
rope eight months, during which people thought
th(^ age of gokl had come ; for, whiU; hundreds
of thousands appeared to gain, ver}' few .seemed
to lose. The constant rise in j)rice of shares and
royal ])aper appeared to enricli everybody, and
ruin nobody. . . . The reaction, I need not say,
was terrific. When first the suspicion arose
that all these fine fortunes were founded upon
l)ai)er of fictitious value, it spread witli alarm-
ing rapidity. By various adroit manceuvres
Law checked the progress of distrust, but he
could only check it. Tiie rush to " realize"
grew in volume and intensity from day to day,
until it became a universal panic— C'vciiOPEni.v
OK Hioo. , p. 45,').
52§:t.
. KngUtHd. TIk; age of
comi)anii's caiiu! very soon after the revolution.
No sclieme of fraud, no delusion of folly, was
transparent enough to make its yictims stay
their headlong jjursuit of imaginary wealth. The
mania never sio])pe(I. Several years after the
ruin ])rodiiced by the infatuation of the South
Sea Scheme, the management of conu)auics was
m
SI»K('ri-ATI()N'— SPKCl LATOK.-,.
I tins spoken of : " We are so I'oiul of coinpmiiiN,
it, is II wonder llml wo liiive not oiih slioex
lilaekcd liy one, and iisel of directors made ricli
at the expense of our very hiaekjjiianls." 'I'lie
Iliictiiations, soon after the revolution, in tiie
])rie(! of sliares, not only of " new projects and
sciienies proinisinj^ mountains of ;j;old," lint (.f
the estahlislied Iradinjf companies, wvw so ex-
cessive, that, the hiisinessof the Itoyal Kxclianne
in its .stock-jol)l)in<^ depart nienl, miirhl i)e com-
pared to the oi)erali(ins of a j;reat ,iranihlin;^
lioiise. — KNKiitr'rt i'lMi.. vol. .'i, ch. ;{, j). 41.
ft^K I. SPECULATION, Oppression by. Fnni,;.
I In 1772, diirinij IIm^ rei^cn of Louis XV' ,] the
distress of the lower clas.ses wasffricvoiisly aiin'-
mented hy a scandalous as.socialion called the
" Facte d(t Famine," which produced arliticially
an immense rise in the price of corn. The kins^
himself was a lari^e shareholder in this com-
pany, which bought up \\h: fxi-nln in France,
exported it,, and then re-inlroduccd it, at, an enor-
mous i)rolit. The people were thus driven to the
last exlriinity of misery ; luid yet no one vent-
ured to r.iise his voice against this ahominabU!
Irafflc, the slij^htest (u)mplainl btiiuf^ followed by
c()iisic;nment to the dimijeons of the Hastile.
— Stui)I-:nts' Fu.vnck, ch. 24, t- 2.
5aM5. SPECULATION, Prevention of. % Iav-
idittioii. When (Jonji'ress convened [in Septem-
ber, lH7i5], a bill aulhori/ing {\n\ issue; of trea>u-
ry notes, not to exceed ten millions of dollars,
was passed as a tem])<)rary expedient. More im-
portant by far was tlu; mcasuri; jiroposed by the
President, and brou^dit befori; Congress, under
the iiaiiK! of " 'i'he Independent Tniasurj' ]5ill."
Hy the provisions of this reniarkabh^ proj-
ect the publi(; funds of the nation were to W
kept on deposit in a treasury to be established
for that sj)ecial i)urpose. It was argued by Mr.
V^aii Bun^n and his friends that the surplus
money of tlu; country would drift into the inde-
pendent treasury and lodge then^ ; and that by
this means the speculative mania would be ef-
fectually checked, for extensive; s|)e(ulalions
could not be carried on without an al)undant
currency. It was in the nature of the President's
])lan to sejiarate the business of the United
States from the gcMieral business of the country.
The Independent Treasury Hill was ])assed by
the Senate, but defeated in tlut House of Rep-
resentatives. — UiDPATii's U. S., ch. ">(», p. 4;!M.
53§6. SPECULATION, Kuinous. ]rMK.s/i,pi.
i^rhenw. A dividend of twelve per cent was
foon declared ui)on tlu; shares, and iui incredilih;
iiiipidse was given to the .sale, the anxiety to ob-
tain them amounting to infatuation. In Octo-
ber they reacheil the prc])o.sterous price of
lO.OttO francs, twenty times tlieiroriginal value ;
it is even said that at last they were not to be
])urcha.sed under eighteen or twenty thousand
francs. Enormous fortunes were realized dur-
ing the height of the ferment by speculators of
all clas.ses — fi-om princes, generals, and prelates,
down to jx'tty shop-keepers, clerks, lackeys,
waiting-maids, and courtesans. A fl(.'titious and
baseless prosperity overspread tlu; w'hole king-
dom. But !i reaction wa^ inevitable. Such was
the rage for obtaining the bank-pa]ier, that Law
found himself unable to control its issue ; its
circulation was increased to the jiorteutous
amount of three thousand millions of francs,
wlu-reas Ihi' wliolc valui! of the metallic coiiuigi'
existing in France clid not exceed seven hundriMl
millions. Toward the close of 171!) HUsi)i(aoii
liegan to gain ground as to the solvency both of
the bank and of the company, and many of tlu;
largest shareholders prudently converted their
shares and notes into investmenis in money, jew-
els, and laiiiled ])roperty. The Prince ot' ( 'onii
gave the signal for this assault upon the public
credit by extorting from the bank three carl-
loads of sih'er in exchang(! for his banknotes.
Kvery exertion was now made by the regent and
Law to arrest the downward moxcinenl. but in
vain. Money i)ayments were forbidden for sums
above 10i> ■ .,incs ; the currency of the banknotes
was made objigatorv, and at last all |)aymenls
in specie; were prohibited. Violent means were
adopted to enforce these tyrannical decices ; but
it was impossible to stem the; tide of reaction;
the pidiiic; conlideiu'c was shaken UKire and more
every day, and the hollownes.s of the whole
system .soon becomini,^ manifest, a universal pan-
ic ensued. — SrtDK.N'rs' I'^itANci;, ch. 2:i, $^ 4.
5'i)sr. SPECULATORS, Defeat of. Xaimh;,,, [.
The state of the empire w;is now such that tlii'
pulilic funds beLian to decline, Kngland, Spain,
and Portugal \uslria, . . . Prussia, . . . long-
ing foran o|)portunily to retrieve . . . fallen lorl-
unes. [Russia was doubtful.] Specidators in
the i)uhli(; fimds endeavored to excite a jiaiuc.
The price fell froiu niiu'ly-four as low as seven-
ty. Napoleon inunediately roused himself. . . .
" I mean," said he, " toiuaktt k riniipaif/n di/niiiKf,
the hcitrx." \\y means of judicious purchases,
steadily executed for on<! or two months, the
speculators for a fail were beaten. The public;
funds rose again to the i)rice which Napoleon
deemed it a point of honor for tin; government
to maintain. . . . .Many of tla; si)ecidat()rs . , .
were ruined. — .VnnoT'r's Nmm)|.i;o\ B., vol. ','.
ch. 2.
5!2»S. SPECULATORS, Pernicious. Vinjinin.
ICing Charles [I.] comnussioiu'd John Harvey to
assunu! the .government. He arrived in the au-
tumn of 1029, and from this time inilil IGIir) the
(;olony was distracted with the presence of a
most unpopular chief magistrate. lb; seems to
have been disliked on general prin('ii)les, but the
greatest source of dissatisfaction was his partial-
ity to certain spt'culators and land monoixjlists,
who at this time infested Virgini; , to the aiuioy-
ance and injury of tlu' i)()orer people. There
were many old land grants, covering dislri(;ts of
territory, which were; now occupied by actual
settlers, and between the holders of the lands
and the holders of the titles violei'.t altercations
arose. In these; dispute's the gove'riior became a
pai'tisan of the' specidators against the; ])e'e)ple',
until the; e)utrageel assembly of KJli") i)asseel a re's-
olutiein that Sir .leihn llarve'V be thrust e)ut e)!'
e)tliee', iinel Cai)tain We'st be apixiinlcel in his
plae'e', " until the king's ])lec,sure may be known
in the malte'r." .V maje)iity e)f the ce.tuicille)rs
side'el with the' biu'ge'sse'.-i, and Harve'V was
e)blii;e'el tei !,'-o te) Kmi'lanel te) stand his trial. —
RiDi'.VTii's'U. S., ch'. 12, p. lb").
r»a§9. SPECULATORS, Revenge on. /;// tite
J'liiir [During the' Reveibuion. ] (J)n the morn-
ing eif tlie' 22el e)f July 1 1TS'.)| some peasants of
N'ilry, ne-ar l'^)ntainellie■au, are- leaeling into Paris
an old man bout: 1 with roiJe's to the' tail of :i
i'as
SPKKCIl.
i;
curl. On Ills neck in i'lisiciicd h ImiikIIc oI' ^russ,
iiiui It colliir of ni'ltlcN is round liis neck. Ii in
Koiilon, wlio liuH hccn (Iciioiiiiicd ax a sprcii-
lHt4ir in famine — one wlio Haid liic poor should
cut ;;ra.ss if llicy cotdd not Lfrl lircati. He \viih
han^c<i to a lanlcrn at tlic corner of a street.
His liead waseiit olT ; a laindleof liny wasstiilTed
into tlie nioiitli. — KMiiiii's K\(i., vol. 7, eli. 11,
p. 17").
•Vif>0. SPEECH, Brevity In. (!iii>nd (Inint.
I lie was enlerlained liy the city of Manclii'sier,
Kn;r||ind, wliere Ik^ spoke lon>;er than usual.
He connnonly used l)nl a very few words in an
address. I in reply to a toast of IIk^ mayor, he
said with a smile that KiiLilishmen had p)t
inoH! and lonj^er speeches out of liim than his
own countrymen, hut they were poorer, simply
hecau.sc the}' irrn'. loiif/ir than he was accustom-
ed to make. — llii.\i)i,t;vrt Tuavim.s oI'' Oiiant,
p. 7.
ftilOI. — ■ — . iiciitriil (Iniiit. One of
Ids .soldier friends wlio is .said to bo almost as re-
served as himself, was commi.ssioned to present,
the ;reheral willianelei:autly cni^raved ;,rold cu]),
in the nameof thesoldiei's v. ho liad .served under
him. Th(! warrior was introduced into the; Grant
household, heiwinij the cui). . . . He (piietl}'
placed the cup upon ii sideboard, remarking,
" That's Uu\ cup." 'Phi! President looked alii in a
dreamy sort of a way, .ind .said. " Thaidv you."
Th(!n h(! offered his comi)!inion inarms a ciufar.
The two veterans s;it down, and facini,'' each
other, smoked away ill silence, while the deputa-
tion of soldiers outsi(h: wailed in vain for the
speech which is usual on such occasions. —
Tii.WKi.s ()!•" (Ji.;nI';i{,m, (Juant, p. Hi).
3292. SPEECH, DiBsembling, <'/io.sri».s. [The
nilerof the Turks. | While thesuccessor of l)isa-
biil celebrated his falhi'r's obse((uies, he was
saluted by the ambas.sndors of the lOmpcror Tibe-
rius, wiio jiroposed an invasion of I'ersja, jind sus-
tained, with tirmiiess, the aiiLiry and perlia])s
t lie just reiiroaches of tliat hauuhty barbarian.
" You SCO my ten liniicrs," s;ii<l the ureal khan,
and he api)iied them to his moulli. " Vou
Komans speak with as many toiiiiiics, but they
••ire ton;;iies of deceit, and perjury. To me you
liold one lanniiap', to my siibjecis anoliier ; and
the nations are successively deluded by your per-
fidious el()(iilelice." — (JlliltoN's IJo.MK, cli. 12,
]>. 20it.
52»:t. SPEECH, Earnest. J»/(/h Milton. | .Mil-
ton's plea for the eommon wealth :| " What I tiave
upokeii is the lan^uanc of thai which is not called
amiss the ^ood old cause. . . . Thus much I
should, pc^rhaps, have said, thoui.'-li I were sure 1
sliould liave spoken only to trees and sloiies, and
had none tocry tol)uf with the ]ii'opliet, ' O earth,
cartli, <!arlh ! ' to tell the very soil itself what her
perverse inhabitants are deaf to. \ay. thoui^h
wliat I have spokc^n should hapiien to Ik; the very
last words of our ex])iriiiLr lil)ert\'." — Kmoht'.s
Knu., vol. 4, ch. 14, p. 'i:j:i.
5294. SPEECH, Irrepressible, l.iidii luiirfn.r.
I When CIiarlcH ]. was on his trial liefore the
Iliirh Court of J\istice. while llie President was
addressiiiij^lhecommissioners, and .sayinjr that tli(>
prisoicr was l)rnujj:lit before the court toanswera
chai'LTc of liiixli treason and other crimes, firought
beforr liim. in the name of the i)eople of Eng-
land, a voice was heard from the ^all(-ry : ' It -.a
lie -not one half ol them." It ciiini) from Ijidy
Fairfax. J—Knkiiiih K.Nd., vol. 4, ch. 7, p. HH'».
A29tl. . .*v(/( of'CniHiiH. [CyniHcajii
iired Sardis.l Tlu! only son (riesus had living
wasdumi). I'liis youni; prince, seeing a Holdier,
when the city was taken, ready to give the king,
whom he did not know, a stioke upon the head
witli Ills eimet<'r, made sucli a violent efTort and
struggle, out of fear and tenderness for the life
of Ids fallwr, that he iiroke the string of his
tongue, and cried out, " S(»ldier, span' the life of
Cnesus ! ■— UoM.iNs HiHT., Bookl,cli l.art. 1.
5200. SPEECH, Paiiionate. h'm/M'ivr Julia n.
lie somel lines forgot the gravity of his Htation,
aske<l imliscrcet or unseasonable (iiurstioim, and
betrayed, by the loudness of hi.s voice and the
agilaiioii of hisbody, the earnest vehemence with
which lie maintained his opinion against IIk;
judges, tlu! advocates, and their clients Hut his
knowledge of his ow ii icniper prompted him to
encoura;',"', and even tosnjicji. the reproof of his
friends and ministers ; ami wbeiiever they vent-
ured lo oppose the irregular sallies of his pas-
sions, the spectators could oliserve IIm' shame, as
well as the gratitude, of their inoiiaich —(ini-
tios s IJoMi:, ch. 'Jv, p. 4(»T.
5297. SPEECH, Plainness of. Atl,r/,>onH. At
the close of an audience which he ga\i' to some
Alheiiian amliassadors, who were come to com-
])lain of soiiK! act of hostility, he asked wlietl •
lie could do tliein any .service. " I'lie greatc-i,
.service thou eouldest do lis," said Demochares,
" would be to hang thyself." Philip [of Mace-
don], willioul tin; least emotion, fliough he per-
ceived that all the persons i)re.sent were highly of-
fended, . . . answered, " (io tell ycair .superiors
that those \\ ho da red to make use of such insolent
langiiag<' are more haughty and less peaceably
inclined than tlicv who can forgive tliein."—
Hoi.i.in's Hist., Hook It, ^ S.
52»«. SPEECH, Responsibility in public. J'<ri-
r/i.-<. Such was the solicitude of Pericles when
111' had lo speak in ])ubli<', thai lie always first
addressed a prayer to the gods that not a word
inighl un.'iwares cscajM' liiin uiisuitalilc to the oc-
casion. — Pi.i'r.Muii's Pi;i!H'i,i;s.
5299. SPEECH, Toleration of free. Fralcrirk
ilii' a ri lit. I le once .s;i\v m crowd siaiingal some-
thing on a wall, lie rode up. and found that
the object of curiosity was a scurrilous jjlaeard
against liiinself. 'I'Ik' ])lacai'd had been posted
up so high Ihal il \\a,^' not easy to read it. Frcd-
( lick ordered his tillendatits to take it down and
])Ul il lower. ■• My people and 1,'' he .said,
"have come to an agvceinenl which satisfies us
both. They an^ lo sa}' what they jilca.s*;, and I
am to do what I plea.se." — Macai lay's Fiti;i)-
i:uicic Till': Gi{i;at. p. 48.
5;J00. SPEECH, TJnrestrainable. Riiijrt ofjimux
II. [Seven bishops who refused to please t Ik;
king by betraying the Protestant religion weri;
lirouglil lo trial.] Il seemed that at length this
liiird tight had been won. The case for the
crown was closed. Had the coun.sel for the
bishojis remained silent, an ac()uittal was cer-
tain ; for nothing which tlu; most corrupt and
shameless judge cow ciilure to call legal evi-
denceof i)ublicatioii In, , been given. Tlie chief
justice was beginning lo cliargi; the j'lry. aid
*
1
^
\
,■
rotn l<ii(|>
p. KMi.
yriMcnpl
•ml liviti^r
li wildlcr,
Mickinjr.
till! Iicail
'trorl iiiKt
>r llic lif.j
n^' 1)1' liin
Hu' life of
I, int. 1.
• J II lilt II.
s Klalioii,
ioilH, 1111(1
111(1 tile
•nee Willi
liiist IIk;
Milt liiH
I liini to
>r of iiis
cy vent-
lii.s piis-
'liamc, as
'li --(Jiii-
S1'KK( II-HIMUIT.
U:4'.>
ai.tl
vvoiilil uii(i()iil)t(Mily liiivc (tircctcd tliciii loaciiiiit
tlic ilcfoiiduiilH ; but Kiiu-li, too iiiixioiis to Ih>
xrfcclly (listTi'ct, interfered, and ite;rK''<l '•• '>•'
leard. " If yoii wili Ik- licard, " Hiiid VVri^'lit,
"yoiiHiiiili l)(! heard ; liiit you do not uiiderstiiiKl
your own liilereHts." Tiie oilier eouiisel for tlie
(iefeiicc iiiiuie I'Mticli Hit down, and l>(%'L;('d llie
cliief justice to proceed, lie was aliout to do .so
wlieii a incsscii^'cr came to tiie solicitorjreiieral
Willi news iliat iiOi'd Sunderland could ]irovetli(t
xiltlicalioii, and would coiik- down to tiie court
niinediately. VVri^lit inalieioiisly told the coun-
sel for llie (lefeiice that tliev Imd only lliein.selves
to tliiink for Ww turn wlifcli things liad taken.
The countenances of the ^reat multitude fell.
Finch was. durin^r some hours, the most unpopu-
lar man in the ' .)untiy. Why could la; not sit
still, iw his hellers. Sawyer, PemlK'rton, and I*oI-
lexfeii liad done 'I ills love of ineddliiift, his
ambition tmnakiMi line speed,, iuid ruined every-
thinj;.— ■M.\(Ain,Av's Kmi., ch. H, p. '.\U\.
aaO I . SPEECH, Worthy. Iiidin n. ( 'li i,f < 'a „on-
diet. 'Pakiii jirisoner at last , near the iJlackslone,
a young man began to (juestioii him. " Child,"
replied lie, "you do not understand war; I will
answer your chief." Mis life wasolTcred him if
he would procure a treaty of peace ; he refused
the olTer with di.sdain. . . . ("on(l(.'miied to death,
he only answered, " I like it well ; I shall die
before I speak aiiylhiii!; unworthy of myself." —
n.VNCiioKT's U. S., vol. '-', ch. Vi.
ft:tOil. SPELLING, Bad, (Iconie Wdnhinf/ton.
Washington liim.self, befon; he becanu! a public
man, was a bad sjieller. I'eoiih^ were not so par-
ticular then in such matters astliey are now ; and
besides, there really was no .seltled system of
spelling a hundred years ago. When the general
wrote for a " rheain of i)ai)er," ii beaver " haft,"
a suit of " eloalhs," and a pair of " sattin "shoes,
there was no Webster unabridged to keep peo-
ple's .spelling within bounds. — ("vci.oi'kdia ok
Hkxi., p. !>.
ASOil. SPELLING, Diverse. Hhnkexfiatre. In
the first place, how did \w. ^w\\ his name ?
When he wrote it, he spelled it in various ways ;
but wlien he had it jirinti'd he spelled it Sli'ak-
spere, or Shakesjx'are, and so did his intimate
friend, Ben .lonson. In his own day, the name
was spelled in thirty-three dilTerent ways : Slia.x-
pur, 8ehakespeyr, Chacksiier, Shakaspeare,
Schiikespeire, etc. — ("Yci.oi'KDiAOFHiod., p. 23.
5:iO'l. SPIES, Ensnared by, /iV ////t of Thfodo-
ni'is. Tlie general who commanded the military
and naval powers of tin? Tliracian frontier soon
perceived . . . that the IJarliaritins, awed by the
presence of his fleet and legions, would probably
defer the passage of tlu; river till the ai)pr()acli-
ing winter. The dexterity of the spies, whom
he sent into the Gothic camp [of Alatlieu.s], al-
lured the Barbarians into a fatal snare. They
were persuaded that, by a bold attempt, they
might surprise, in the silence and darkness (if
tiienight, th(! slijepingarm;, of the Romans ; and
the whole multitude was hastily embarked in a
tteet of three thousand canoes. The bravest of
I he Ostrogoths led the van ; the main body con-
sist(Hi of the remainder of their subjects and sol-
diers , and tlu! women and children securely fol-
lowed in the rear. One of the nights without a
moon had been selected for the execution of their
design , and they had almost reached the houIIi
em bank of the I)anube, in tlu; lirm coiitUience
that thev should liiid an eiihy landing iind an un
gnardecf cani|>. Hut tin- progress of ihi! liarbtt
lial they s
rnardecfcii
riiins was suddenly stopinrd by an unex|H!(;UMi
obstacle : a triple line ot vessels, strongly (;oii-
necled with each oilier, and which formed an
impenetrable chain of two miles and a half along
the river. While they Hiruggled to force tlieir
way in the une(|ual conllici, their right liank
was overwiielined by the irri'sistible attack of u
Heel of galleys, which were urged down the
slreiim by the united impulse of oar.-i and of the
tide. — Giiiiion'h Komi;, ch. 'JO, p. (ii.
A30A. SPIES, Shameless. Ila;/ii o/Jiwwm If.
.lolin liocke hated tyranny and persecution as a
philosoiiher ; but bis intellecl and his temper pre
served liim from the violence of a parli.san. . . .
In one point, however, he was vulnerable, lie
was astiideiitof Christ Cliurch in the l.'iiiversity
of Oxford. It was determined to drive from that
celebralcil college the greatest niaii of whom it
could ever boast ; but this was not ea.sy. Locke
had, at Oxford, abstained from e.\|>re.ssing any
opinion on the polities of lliiMlay. Spies had
been set about him. Doctors of divinity und
masters of arts had not been ashamed to perform
the vilest of all odlces, that of wiilchiiig the \i\w
of a companion in order to report his words to
his ruin. TIk; conversation in the hall had b(;en
purposely turned to irritating topics, to the Kx-
clusion bill, and to the character of the Karl of
Shaftesbury, but in vain. Lock(! never lirokt^
out, never diss(;inbled, but niaintaiiKMl hu(;1i
steady silenc(! and composure its forced I In; tools
of power to own willi vexation that never man
was so completi! a master of his tongue and of
his passions. When it was found that treacherv
could do nothing, arbitrary power wiw u.se<l.
After vainly trying to inveigle Locki; into a fault,
the government resolved to ])unisli him witliout
one. Orders came from Whitehall that Ik; should
be ejected, and those orders tla; dean and canons
made haste to obey. Locke was travelling on the
('ontinent for his health when he learned that
he liad been deprived of his home and of his
bread without a trial or even a notice. — Macau-
lav's Kn(i., ch. 5, J). riO.").
5306. SPIRIT, An impelling, (iivn/f Fox tJui
QiKikev. A.I). Ki-iy. Like Milton and Roger
Williams, his .soul abhorred the hireling niin-
i.stry of diviners for money ; and on the morn-
ing of a tirst-day he was moved to go to the
great steeple-hou.se and cry against the itlol.
"When 1 caiiK! there," says Fox, " tlu; people
looked lik(^ fallow ground, and the pri(!st, like a
great lumi) of earth, stood in the puljiit abov(!.
lie look for his text these words of Peter, ' We
have also a more sure word of prophecy,' and
told the people this was tlie Scriptures. Now,
the Lord's power was .so mighty on me, and ho
strong in me, that I could not liold, but wna made
to cry out, ' Oh, no, it is not the Scripture*, it is
the Spirit.' " . . . If cruelly beaten, or set in the
.stocks, or ridiculed as mad, he still obeyed the
oracles of the voice within him. — BanckoI'T's
U. S., vol. 2, ch. Ifi.
5307. SPIEIT, Teachings of. Quaker Doctriite.
The revelation of truth is immediate. It springs
neither from tradition nor from the senses, but
directly from tlie mind. No man comes to the
i-4
^^ 1 'i
•;;}()
>nui'i's si'(nr-s
Sirateii-
" I Imvc
khowlctlKc of Ooil Itiit liy till' S|)iril. " KiK'li
ipiiHon," Hiiys I'l'iiii, " kniivvH (tiid friuniin Infill
lililc ilctnonslnitidii Id liiinsrlf. ami not (in Hit'
sIcMiirr jifroiiiiils of niiri's jo licrc inlrrpi'i'tiiiJDns,
nr jo llirn'. 'I'hc inslincl nf Drily is so niiliiiiil
III man, lliiil lie ciin no inoii' lie witlioiit it, aixl
III', tliiin he <'an Ih' without tin' most csMciitlal
purl of himself."- Ma.nchokt'w l' H . vol. U»,
rh Kt
A:I0M. SPIBIT8, OommunloatioQ with.
hon/. In oni! of his Icllrrs, hi; says :
lu'cii called to II holy oMlce liy the Lord Himself,
who most ffraeloiiMly manifested Himself to me.
His servant. In the year I7IH, when He oiH-ued
my siffht to a view of the spiritual world, mul
ifranled me the priviiei;e of conversing willi
spirits and impels, which I enjoy \t\ this day.
rrom that time I lie;;an to print and piililish vari
oils areatia that have lieen seen l>y me, or revealed
to me, as rcspeelinjf heaven ami hell, the slate
of man after death, the true worship of (}oil, the
spiritual sense of the; Word, with many other
most im|)ortanl matters eondiieive to salvation
and true wisdom." — VVihtk's Swkdkmuiiio,
ch. H, p, ti'.'.
Si'.tOn, . SiPfdcnhorn. The C^ueen of
Sweden asked him whellier his spiritual inter-
course was a science or art thai (oiild lie commu-
nicated to others. He said : " No, it is the ^ift
of the Lord." "('an you, then," said slie,
"speak with every one deceased, or only with
certain persons ?" lie answered, " I cannot ton-
verse with iiM, hut oidy with such as I Imve
known in this world, with all royal and priiicelj
persons, with all renowned heroes, or >,'reat and
'earned men, whom I have known, eithi'r pei
sonally, or from therr actions or wrilin.^fs ; con
sequently, with all of ir/iom I ontht, form on
iil(i( : for il may be snjipo.sed that a persoil
whom I never knew, and of whom I could form
no idea, I neither could nor would wish to
speak witli." — WiiiTic's Swiodkniiouo, ch. 11,
p. !)().
A:II0. spirits, Intercourse with. .\< w I'/o
toiiMx. |()f the Alexandrian Ncliciols | Consuni
iiij^ their reason in these deep liul uii.sulislanlial
meditalions, their minds were e.vposed to illu-
sions of fiini'V. They Haltered IhciiiM'lves that
Ihcy possessed Ihe.sccrel of disenirai^inn' the soul
from its coi'poreal prison ; claimed a familiar
iiilercourse with demons and spirits; and, liy a
very sini^iilar revolution, converted the study of
philosopliy intolliiit of ma^ic. The.iiK iiiitsa^cs
iiad derided the popular superstition. — (Jiuhon's
Ko.MK, ch. i:i, p. 44!».
5.'{1 1. SPIRITS, Lying. Simhn/iori/. In In-
diary, written about lliis lime, he says thai
" spirits narrate thinu^s wholly false, and lie.
When .sjurils begin to speak with man, care
^lloll|d be takiMi not to believe 11 I'ln ; for almost
(ivcrythinj;; they .say is made u|i by them, and
they lie ; .so that if it were permitted them to re-
lute what heaven is, and how things are in
lieaveri. they would tell so many falsehoods, and
with such sironu: assertion, tli.at man would
be astonished." — Wiii'ri<;'s SwKDEM'.oittt, ch. 8,
p. H9.
5.11 '2. SPIRITS, Ministering. Sd.mucl ,Iohu-
Hoti. The followiiiLT very solemn and afTecting
pniyer was found .iflcr Dr. .lohnson's iircea.se:
. ■ April !2rt. 17.VJ, beiiiK after 12 at ni^lil
of the •.i.'ith. () iiord I (Jovernor of heaven und
eai'ih. in whose liumN are embodied und departed
spirits, if thou bast ordained the souls of the
dead to minister to the living, and appointed
my depaileil wife to have care of me, grant
that I muy enjoy thegood elTects of her attention
und ininistrution, whether exercised by iippeiir
ance, impulses, dreuins, or in any other manner
agreeable to thy governmeiil Forgive my pre
sumpllon, enlighten my Ignorance, und however
meaner agents are employed, grunt nu; tin
blessed Inlluenees of thy holy Spirit, through
Jesus ("hrist our liOrd ' .Vmen.' -Hoswi;i.i,'m
.Johnson, p (\\
A:II». splendor, Palatial, Timour [On
his leliirn from tiveyem- of compiesl, Tlmour|
erected a palace of marble, lunsparent Ml ' ula
ba.ster. which intercepted the cold and let lliniuiih
a softened li;;hl to the aparlnieiiis. Oieek piiiiil
ers brought from Hy/.anliuin painted its domes
in fresco. j)re.senting colored page« of the history
of his campaigns. He was seen there in all bis
diversities of fortune, from the condition of a
Tartar shepherd to that of sovereign of diaible
Asia. He gave Ibis palace to oneof the daui;lili rs
of hi■^ (lecea.sed .son, Miran Sctiah. niiined Ueg-
lii/.i. La.m viniNKw Ti;iiivi;v, p. ill •
A:II I. SPOILS, Abundant, liomnm. In the
course of a lew years llie ricbesof Syracuse, of
Caiiliagc, of Macedonia, and of Asia were
' 'cuight in lrinm|)h to Home, The In isiires of
rseus alone amounted to near twi millions
rling, and the Honian people, the soverei};n
of so many nations, was forever deli verei I from
the weight of tuxes. The iiicreasin!J" reven ae of
the provinces was found -iilllcient I. did'ruy the
ordinary cslablislimenl of war and iiovernment,
and the superlluoiis mass ( f gold and silver was
deposited in the temple of ,- ilurn, and reserved
for any unforeseen eniergency of the Stale. —
(Jiiuio.NH |{oMi;. ch. (), ji. 1M(».
5.115. SPOILS, Abundant. Pillogeof ('(mstan-
/iiiiip/f. I My Crusaders. I Vet llie magnitude of
the prize surpassed the largest scale (it experienet;
oi' ex pel I a I ion .Vfier the whole had been e((ually
divided bctwei ii the French and Venetians, lifly
thousand mar- were deducted to satisfy llie
ilebis of the ioinier and the demands of llu;
latter. The residue of the l"'rciicli amounted to
four hundred thousand marks of silver, iibout
eight hundred thousand pouinK sterling ; nor
can I lictler ajiiireciale the value of hat siun in
the publi'- and private tiiuisaclions of the age,
than by d. lining it as sescii times the nuul rev-
enue of Hie kin!j:doni of England. - (irnnoN'H
HoMi:, ch. (>(), ]). !M).
5!JI«. SPOILS, Dedication of. I'lonx. [When
Aurelian the cmjieior retiiiiied from bis con-
ipiests in the Fasl|, a considerable jiortionof his
oriental spoils was coiLsecratcii to the gods of
Itome ; the Capitol and everv other temple
glittered with the olTerings of iiis ostentjitious
piety ; and the temple of the Sun alone received
above liftecn thou.sund pounds of gold. — Gin
HONS RoMio, (;h. 11.
5317. SPOILS, Division of. Arabs. The Arab
continued to unite the jirofessioiis of a nierchanl
and a robber ; and his jietty excursions for the
defence or the attack of ;> iiiravaii in-sensibiy
si'our yi'ATK
n.'ii
"•Hvcii and
<l<l<|iurtc(|
•Ills of t|„.
iiic, ^riiiK
rali.'iitioii
»y iii'|i('(ir
'>■ lllfllKIIT
'•' iny pre
i lii>\v«!V('r
m«! lln;
'liroiiv'li
"/', I""
'l'i'ii()iir|
III alii
llin.ii(.i^li
•^ <i(MM(H
ic liislurv
ill all Ill's
liod of II
I <loiiM(-
aiiKliI, rn
Moiiiil ()lyin|>iis. I
what prodlL^loiis
< Miiiiiari had aiisci
ducted liy .scvi'ii
iii't'|iai'i'<l lih lr'<>ii|iH for the ('oiKjiK'st of Ai';diiii.
rill- dlHlriiiMlioii of llic H|>oil was ni/'ii lulled b.V a
divini' law . Ilir wlioli? wa-* failld'ni \ roUccicd
ill (Mil' roiiiiiiori iiiaHH ; a llftli of i^oid :ind
MJIvcr. the priHoiu'i'M and (nitlr. iii, movalilcs
and iiniiiovalilcs, was rcscrvid hy tin propli' I
for pliais and cliaiitahlc iisis ; the rciiiaindcr
wiiN Hhart'd in adciiiiai' porti"'>s hy tlic Noldicrs
who hud olihiiiicil till' vli'loiy or guarded lh>'
ciinip ; tlu- rcwardN ol llirHJain devolved lo Iheii
widowH uiid orphans. — (iiiiiioN s Mmiumi;i\
P :tM.
a:! I M. 8P0BT, Magnificent. OiivnUd. [Ita.ja
/.el. the Olloinan Mupieror, invited hoiik '>f his
dislln;;iiislied l;iii i.s to a hunt in the valli ,< of
This chase, which atlesis lo
ina^j^nitlceiice llie family of
II in so few years, was eon
thoiiHMiel falcon curriers on
horsehiick, and by miven thoiisiind i^nmekecpers
of lh(Minperial forests of Olympus. The (io;;s
were clad In honsinifsof purple, iiml wore collars
ornamented willi precious stones. — Lam.mc iink'h
TUKKI'.V, p. 'Jlll>
li'.ll9. SPORT, Thoughtleia. .Uurrinf/c. In
i:<IK{, on tlu.' occasion of the marriage of one of the
ladies of the (pieen's household, a^M'aiul inaskeil
ball was iriveii at court, in which Charles \'I.,
with live of his nobles, djs;j;iii->cd Ihcmselves as
saviiffcs, in clo.se tittinjzidresseseoM'red with pileli
and low to resemble li.iir. The youiiL; l)uUe "f
Orleans, e.vcited, no doubt, by w ine, approiieln • I
tln^se f^r()tes(pie li;rures with a lii^hled torch, and.
eitluT accidentally or from wmilon lovi of inis^
chief, set their combustible idsiume in a blaze.
The kiiiLT wa.s foiluiialely si.iiidiiiL;' iiparl, ainl the
Duchess of lien V hurried him out of the hall.
Four of the unlucky markers were burnt lodeiilh;
one saved Ids life by llirowinn- himself into a
lartfc (lib of Wilier which liappcncd to be nl
I. II, i- (I
}ftirtin. hxlliir.
islle.J On one
)!irly, but took
iiivc been on a
iiunt," he svrites to .Sp:ilaliii, " for the past two
days, and have tasted of that bilier-swcet enjoy-
ment of our nnlile lords! W'e ;,'i)t two rabbits
and a ("ouple of |)oor parlridi^nvs. A worthy oc-
eu|)atioii. in irulli, for idle people I I continued
my thc<i|()i,qc:il studies amid the snares and the
dofts ; and as miu'h pleasun; as I derived from
viewinif such s|iort, the more sympathy and sor-
row I liJid in tiiinking of the mysterious truth
the picture conci'uled. For the picture teaches
notbinjf else than Miatthe (le\il, throii;;h liisirod-
less masters and (loi::s — Iho bishops and theolo-
trian.s— secretly hunts and catches the innocent
little animals— tin; common peoi)le. It is the
picture of simph? and believinjj souN which is
thus vividly presented to my .sorrow iiif.'- heart.
And once it ha|)pened that a j)()or little rabbit
took refune int'ie sleeve of my coat lying by the
way. The doi; in their i>ursuit .scented its
hivliim- |)lace. tirsi wounded, and then killed it.
Thus the pope and Satan ra;.re in tlieircn'orts lo
ruin saved souls, without coneeiniiiu Ihem.selves
;ibout mv labors."— Hkin's Ij-riiKit, eh. 10,
5:J2I. SPY, An infamous. Tnupfn: [InlKI7
James W'illan, a printer of l)ewsl)ury, proved
hand. — S'iudknts' F'iixnck, <
5;t'iO. SPORT, Unenjoyed.
[While secluded lit \Varti)ur-- (
occasion he joined .a huiilini,^
no ple.asiire in the spoil. " I
he svriles to .Sp:ilaliii, "
Hint II ^ov' Minciit Hpy nam< d OliV(^r,| who rep
resented L niself um n deleuale frnm the rmiical.'-
of tioiidon, h;id forHevcral limes, or tlu! Hpiice
of two months, endeavored to siuiuce him inb
acts of vIoleiM e iind siliialidiis (tf dimtrer luid
that he liad espe(iiillv ur(.'i'd him to alU-nd ii
I 'inj? of "deleCTlts. Ill wliiili nieetln/JT <»'ii
men .vere arrested by a party of militiiry. [The
Moy I .,'ciiiiie a leiiiptei | — K.shhit'h K^'J , vol ^
cii. Ti p. .SI.
Si:t-J':t. STARVATION, D§pop»Ut«d by. Ituh/
The Uveiili \ ■ HIS of (he(iotlu( war eonsiini
iiiMicd ilie di^iii'Hs and depopulalioii of Iliily \»
earls ■■!• the loui'tli campaign, under tlu^ disci
pline Ml 1,1 lisai'iiis iiliiiM'lf, tifly Ihoiisiind lalioi
ers died of liiiiimr in the narrow region of Pice
mini . and ,i si rid inlerpretalion of Iheevuierice
of ['rocopius would swell the los-s of Italy uliovc
the loliil -iiiii of her { ns, nt inliabihml -Otn
IKi.s's l{u\l(.. \ mI, I
H'.VM. STATE, Bereavement of the. Kimuu.
niiniliin The 'I'liiban power evpired with IIiIn
L^reat niiin, whom ('i(i'r(i .seems lo rank uhove
all llie illusirious men (<r<'eee ever produced.
.Iu-.lin i.s of Ihe Kaine opinion when he .says,
thai as a dart is no loiurci in ;i condition to
Wound wlicn Ihe point of il is lilimled. ~o TIicIm s,
.ifler having lo^i iis ireiieral, was no l( ' ;er for
niidable lo its encinii s, and its power si ciiied to
have lost its cduc a, 1 to be annihilated by the
dealli of I'^paminondas. Iicforeliim tbatcily was
not disiinguishi'd by any nicniorabh iciion ; mid
after him it sunk into its oriL;inal obscurity ; so
llial il saw its glory take birlli and expire with
iliisgreat man. — Hoi.i.in s Ihsi , {{ook 1*2. cli. I,
'y.Vi'i, STATE endangered. (' r i i/, i n u I .«
I''rancis of I, a Kim|iic, Lord oI linbcrval, in I'ic
.irdy, was \\\v. next to uiidcrlake the cojoni/.alinn
of the countries iliseo\cred by the l"'rclic|i. This
nobleman. . . was commissioned by the ccairt of
i''rance lo plant a iiiliin\ on Ihe SI. I.awrenic
'I'he man, lio\\(\ii, who was chictly reliid
on Id givocliaracb lainl (lireelioii lollie proposed
colony was no otiiir lli.-ui .lanic > t'arlicr lb
only scenicd < oiupi'icnl loconducl 'liecnb iprjvc
with any proim-c n! success. . . . The Frenci!
peasants and inccliani(!s were not eager to em
bark for a C(ainlry which h.-id nothing lietter Iban
.savages and sno's . ... So the work of enlisting'
voliinb ers went on <low ly, until Ihe governmenl
adopttl the plan of opening the prisons of the
kingdom and ^riving freedom lo whoever would
join lh(^ e.xpeilii ion. 'I'licre was a rush of rob-
bers, swindlers, and murderers, anil Ihe lists w(Te
immediately tilled. <>nl\ i 'unlerfeiters and
trailors wer<' denied Ihe privilege of ^: 'tiing tlieir
liberty in Lie New World. — i{ii)r.\ i ii'h U. S.,
. h. .'■).■ !>. 7-i.
H'Vi^. STATE, An honored. Vin/inia. Vii
giiiia is |iroud of being c.illiil the inolher of
|iresidcnls, ,ind she iias a right \- the name.
Wasliinglon, Jell'crson, .Madison, .Monroe, and
Il.irrison were all her sons. i'.ul she Iia.s many
other illustrious children whose names would
liave received no additional lustre from llic jiresi
dential oflice. This is particularlv true of (Jeii-
eral Sam Houston, the father and president of
Ihe republic of Texas. Ifewas born on the 2(1
of .March, ITiW. inHockl)ridge('oiinty, ^■irgin^a.
— LicrtTKii's Sa.m Hoisro.N, p. 1.
't
>(t
<l.J2
:vr.\ri, -.STATKS.MA^^*IIII^
A:|)I«I. STATE ntflMUd. Cirrro mnd ; " Hvcii
It I Imd no i-iii'iiiicH, il' I wiiH Niipiiorlitl UN uiii
siTMitlly us I (iii>;lil to lie, Nlill ii incdii itic wlilcli
will curt) the «liMi-u.s<'«l ixirlN of tlir SluU' U lirtlcr
timii till! Niir^'i'tv wliicli would iuii|Militti' Ihiin.
Tlu! kiii^lils Imvc fiillcii oir fi'oiii till' Si'iiiitc.
riiii iiohli! IokIh lliiiik till V till' III lii'iivcii wlii'ii
tlii-y Imvn liiirlii'l in their |iowihIs llint w III riit mil
of lliilr hands, mid tlnv Inivi-lhi' list Id ruli." —
Klinliii, H l',KH\i{, ill. \'i.
AililT. STATE, Protection of tha. /{// h'lhifutiou.
IChiirondaM, the (liriiiiii lawgiver. | i'ri|iiii'i'd all
< hildi'i'ii of lh<> rill/.i'iis til III' I'lliicati'd in |inllti!
liti'i'iitiirit, tiin I'lTi'i'l of whirli in to noI'Ii'ii and
I ivili/.(! till) ininiU of nii'ii, ins|iiriiii; llnin willi
t'l-ntli-iirsH of inaiiiii'i's, and inrlinin^r Ihrin to
virtiii! ; all which roiislimic tin- fi'lirily of a
Stall!, and arc rcinally niTcssarv In rili/.cns of all
ronililionH. Ill lliis view lie ii|i|ioiiiied Halarii's
(paid hy tlii! Slate) I'or inasieiN and pr i)lors,
in order that leariiini;, liy l)(\i\t<; loininiiniealed
uratiiiloiisly, inl^dit be ai'i|iiii-ed hy all. lie loii-
sidered i^noi'iinee aw tlui >;realest of evils, and
the soiireo wheiiee all viees tlowed. — Itoi.i.iN'H
llisT., Hoolt 7, eh, a, t; 'J.
AS'iW. STATE, Sflourity of the. \iii>»l, on J.
I III! wiliie.sHed the atlaeli of the iiiol) on Uie
paiaei! of the 'riiileries. | Napoleon openly
avowed liin eonviclion llial Fraiiee, without edii-
lalioii and wilhout reiiirion, was not prepared
for the Ucpiihlicanisin of llie I'liiled Stales. In
thi.s .senliini'iil Lafayelli; and iiiosi of the ^visesl
men of tlii! Freneh iialinii eoneiiried. ... In
France at this linu; tliere was neither inlelli-
t,''enee, relijjion, nor morality amoiij^ the masses.
'I'lieri! was no revereiiee for law, neitlier human
nor divine. — Aumott's Nai'oi.kon H., vol. 1,
.h. !.'.
5.'tii!>. STATE, Eights of the. j\iiUip<itioii.
V\w reo|)<!iiini^ ot the tarill" question oeeasioiied
lire.'ite.xiilenieiU in (^on/^ress and tliroufjhoul the
■ounlry. In the session of lH;il-;i-J additional
duties were levied upon manufaelured floods im-
ported from aliroad. By this aet tlie manufact-
uiiiifi; diHlricls were njinin favored at liii'expense
of llie agricultural Blalcs. South Carolina was
specially ofreiided. A great innveiilion of her
lieople was held, and it was resolved Ihal thi: tar-
ilF law of Congress was imconsiitulional, and
therefore mill and void. ()|ien ri'sistance was
llireatoned in ea.se the ollieers of tliogovernmeiil
sliould attempt to collect the revenues in the liar
l)or of (niarlesloii. In the United States Senate
llie right of a Slate, under certain circumslaiices,
to nullify an act of Congress, was lioldl\' pro-
il.iimcd. On that issue occurred the famous
dehate between tlio oloipient ('oloiiel llayne,
.Senator from South Carolina, and Daniel Weli-
ster, of JMa.s.sacliu.setts, perliaps thi! greatest
•master of American oratory. Tiie former ap-
oeared as the cliampion of Slate l{ights, and the
l;iller as the advocate of Coiislilulional Supreni-
ai!y. IJut tlio question was not decided Ity de-
bate. The I'resideiit took the matter in liand,
.iiid issued a i>roclainalion denying the right of
any State to nullify the iaws of Congress. But
.Mr. ('alhoun, the Vice-President, resigned his of-
fice to accejit a seat in the Senate, where he
might better defend the doctrines of his State.
'IMie President liaving warned tlie ])eople of
South Carolina ai^aiiist pursuing tlie doctrines
further, ,Mr. Cla,\ hiMighl foi \Miid and Heciiied
the pas.HiiKc of a |< oiiiproiiiiHi'| bill providing
I'tira gradual nduclioii of thediilli'Hcoiiiplaineil
of, iinlil, at the end of ten years, they hIiouIiI
naeh the ylandard demanded by tlio Huiitli.
HiKf.xriiH I . S.. I'll. .VI, p. -ViH.
a:i:io. states, Righu of.
!?((. The ( 'oiifederii
now Ntood in the pliici
'l'ii.riitii>n. .July.
i;?f(. The Confederacy Jof the I'niteii HlHle«|
ce of the crown iih th«' cen-
tral aiillioriiy. . . . Il was laid down un ii fun
diinieiiial aillcle that ' the I nited Htati's iiRsein-
bled sliall never impose or li'vy any tax or du-
ties, " evceiil for jiosiii u'e ; and tliiM rcHtrietion —
MUcli was till! force of liabll —was accepted with
out remark,-^ B.\.M IK iiTH I'. H., vol, 1>, cli. 1.
•i:i;il. STATESMAN,Dangeroui. <'hnrl<»T(>wii-
nihil. .\.it. ITtir. Iledied at theageof forty one,
famed alike for incomparable lalenlNandextriime
iiisiiilijliiy. (lie was called the weather cock. |
. . . If his indiserelion forbade esteem, his good
humordissipated hate. lie had been courted by
all piirlies, but never possessed the conlidence
of any. lie I'ollowcd no guide, and he Imd no
plan of his own No one w islied him as an ad
versa ry ; no one trusted him as an associate. He
soinelimcs spoke with linjdness; but at heart he
was as timid as he was \irsalile. , . . With pow-
er, fortiine, alTeclioii, .iiid lionorH clusN'ring
around him, he fell in llie bloom of manhood,
the most celebraled statesman who has left noth-
iu',' but errors to account for his fame. — Ban-
iiioi'r'H I'. S., vol. (I, ch. !tO,
H'l'l'l. STATESMAN, Degeneraoy of. Kixjlixh.
Cowper lielieM'd that the public men of his time
liad gi'own degenerate — "the age of virtuous
politics is jiast." — KNioiri'H Kmi., vol. H, ch, 7,
J). III.
.'i;i:i:t. statesmanship, contemptible. Nn-
pohiiii III. During tiie civil war the Kmperor
Napoleon III. interfered in llie alTairs of Mexico,
aiKl succeeded, by overawing tlie people with
a French ariiiv, in setting up an empire. In the
early part of is(i-l the crown of Mexico was con-
ferred oil ^laximilian, the Archduke of Austria,
w ho estalilislied his government and su.stained il
willi French and Austrian soldiers. But the
.Mexican President Juarez headed ii revolution
;igaiiisl the usuriiing ciii])cror ; the govcrnmeni
of the I'liitcd States rebuked France for liaxing
\iolal(il IlieMonroe Doctrine ; ^^apoieon, becom-
ing alarmed, willidrew his army, and .Maximil
i.iii was oxcrthrown. On the llilhof .lime, lH(i7.
111! was tried by court-martial and condemned to
be shot, and six days afterward the sentence was
carried iiitoexeculion. Tlie scheme of Napoleon,
who had lioi)ed to jirofit 1)V the civil war and
gain a foothold in the New "NV'orld, wa-s thus jusl-
Iv brouirbt to sliamefiil contempt. — KiDrATii's
r. s., ch. t;7, p. :ap>.
53:M. statesmanship, Foolish. Jdmenir.
lie brouglit over Irishmen, not, indeed, enough
1o liold down the single city of London or the
single county of York, but more than enough to
excite till! alarm and rage of tlie whole kingdom,
from A'orlliumberland to Cornwall, iiattalion
.•ifter liattalion, raised and trained by Tyrctonnel,
landed on the western coast, aiul moved toward
the capital ; and Irish recruits were importwl in
considerable numbers to till ii|) vacancies in the
English regiments. Of the many errors which
MM
NTATKMMANSIIII'-STONK.
03a
llic
(111-
riii,
(1 it
llic
liiiii
■Ml
iHi;-
illi-
iiil
<i7.
Id
WHS
on.
111(1
iisl-
rii's
ir.
the
ltd
mi,
ion
lel,
lint
in
till!
ich
.liiiiii'Mi iiihiiiillfil, \vi\w wiiN iiKirc fiitul lliiiti lliis.
Alrrudy liii iiiid alicnatcii Ihr liiiirtH of IiIm (ico
|ilc iiy vl(ilulint{ llu'ir Ihwn, roiills( aliii;; linir is
tiit«'M, and |H'i'«critlin>< llnir rrliulon. Of IIium'
wlio liud >)iu < liccii most /:i'iiloiis for inoiiin ii\ ,
lie had ill ready iiiadc many rcltcis In licurl ; ut
ill' niiuJil Hiill, Willi sonic clianci! of snci csm, |ii'i\i>
ii|>|M-ali'd Id rlic patrlolic Npiril. of liis Miii|i'( is
ikpiinst an invader for tiiey wen^ a ra( (! Insular
in lein|iei' IIS <M'II IIS ill ge()^M'ii|'lii( III posilioil.
Tlifir nalltnal aiitl|>atliie.s Were, indeed, in llial
iijfc iinieiiNdniiiily iiiid iinainialily slidii;^. 'I'liey
liad never lieeii aeciisloined to the eiailrol or iii
(erl'erene( of any Hlranifcr. Tlie ii|ii)eMiiince of
n foreii;!! nriny on Mieir noII iiii.,dit, iiii|iel llieiii
4-ven to rally round a l\in^ wlioin they had no
n-KHoli to love. William niijfht perhaiis havi; heeii
ahh; to overeoiiin this dillleiilty ; iiiit .laiiies re
moved It. Not even the arrival of a lirinadi^ of
Ijouis' musketeers would havd exiieled 8iieli
rcMettlment and Nhaine as our aneestors fell
wUrti they saw armed eoliimnsid' I'apists, just ar-
rived from Diililin, movin^r in military pomp
alonjf till) hiL!:ii roads. — .M.vc M'i..\v'k i;N(i., eh. )),
p. \m\.
A:i:t5. STATESMANSHIP, National. Williiim
the Coni/iiiror. l're|(aialory to \V illiam's plan
of rediiein;.; ICnyland entirely under tin; feu-
dal ^rovernnieiit, Im found it necessary to en-
pi^' in and complete a very ureal iiiiderlakiiii;.
This was a ;?eneriil survey oi' all the Ivingdoiii,
an account of its e.xlent, its |iroprieldrs, their
tenures, and tiieir values; the (jiiiiiitity of
meadow, pasture, wood, and aralile land wliich
tliey contained ; tlio iiiimlier of teinints, cot-
tagers, and servants nf all denominiitions wlio
lived upon them. Commissioners were appoint-
ed for tills piirpo.se, wlio, after six years em-
ployed in tli(>. survey, l»roui;lil liiin an «'xa(l
account of tho wiiole properly in th(> kinjj;dom.
This momimeiil, called hiHtnimltuf lh><ih\ the most
valualile piijcc; of antii)uity possessed liy any
nation, i.s at this day in existence, and is pie-
Hcrved in tlie Kn<j;lisli Kxclie(|iier. It was, in
the year 17H2. printed liy an orderof I'lirliameiil.
— Tytmciis HiHT., Hook (i, ( li. 8, j). l;U.
5116. STATESMANSHIP. Buinoni. Si„tn.
I'nrdx. From Ferdinand Ihe Catiiolic to Pliilip
III., Spain had expelled three millions of .lews
and ]\Ioors ; her inferior iiobiliiy emiu'rated to
America; in 1703 her census eiiiinieiated less
than seven million souls. The nation that oiic((
would liiivo invaded lOnirland liad no navy ;
and, haviii;jf the mines of Mexico and Soiitli
America, it needed Hiiliscriptions for its defence.
Foreii:ners, liy means of loans and iiiortuau'cs,
irained more tlian seven eiirlit lis of the wealth
from America, and fiirnislied more llinn nine
teiitli-S of the inerchandise shipped for IIk; colo-
iiiirs. Si)aiiisli commerc(! had exiiired ; Spanish
manufactures had declined ; even a,:,'ricultiire
had fallen a victim to morl mains and i)rivilei.''e.
Inactivity wa.s followed liy jioverty, and tlii! dy-
nast v itself lieeamu e.xlini I. — IJ.VNt uoi't'h L'. S.,
vol. '3, ch. 21.
5:Wr. STATUE, Honored by, (:,it,>. The Athe-
nians (l(!creed aliove liiice hundred statues
to Demelriu,* Phalerwis. iliaiors thus jirodi-
trally lavi.slied are no jiroofs of real merit, hut
1 li(3 effiTls of sorvilo adulation ; and Demetrius
i'liulercus was culpable to a cousidcrahlu degree
ill not (>pp(mlii){tlu>iu III IheiilmoHtor hii«|Niwer,
if he really wiim in n condition to priivunl their
lakiiij^ place. The conduct of Cato wiim miicii
ipore prudent, in declining several inarkM of tlls>
tinctldii which the people were desirous of >;nii'l-
iii.i; him ; and wlien he was asked one day wli)'
no statues had Ih'cii erected to him, when Uonut
was crowded with so many others, " I had niiK-li
nillier," said he, " iieople shiiiild in(|iilr(» why I
lia\e none than wliy I lia\c iiii\." — |{i)i,i.iN'rt
llisr.. Hook HI, S 7.
Ail^M. STATUE, ImmenM. ,lyw-//'>. A )i\ff\\n-
tic statue of Ajiollo, or the sun, seventy cillilH
in liel^dit, wiiserected at the eiilrance oftlie har-
lior, a moniimeiil of the freedom and the arts of
(Jreece. After standing,' fifty six years, the co-
lossus of KIkmIcs was overthrown hy an earth-
ipiake ; hut the massy trunk and liiiLje fra;i?-
mriils lay Ncaltered ei;;lit centuries on tint
/ground, and are often descrilied as one of thd
wonders of the ancient world. They were col-
lected liy the dill!>'eiice of the Saracens, and sold
to a.li'wish merchant of Fdessa, who 's said to
havo laden nine hundred camels with the weij^ht
«)f Ihe lirass metal ; an enormous weiif III, thou><li
we should include the liimdred (Milossal figures
and the three Ihoiisand statues which adorned
Ihe prosperilv of the ( ityof the sun. — (JiiiiiuN'rt
HoMK, ch. Tii, p. 2li».
Mlt9. STATUBE, Lofty. Minihiun. I.inrohi.
IVfr. laiicolii. as he shook haiiils with the .judgo
I Kelley, of I'eiiiisylvaiiia|, iiaiuired, " What i.H
your lieiij:lit ?" "Six feet three. What is yours,
^rr. I.ineoln T " Six feet four." " Then," said tliu
jud;^o, " Pennsylvania hows to Illinois, My dear
man, for years my heart lias he(>ii aching for ii
President that I could look up to, and I've foiim!
him at last in the land where we Ihoimht Ihero
were none hut litllf i/idii/n." fTliedislinjjuished
Sle]>hen A. Doiiirlas, of Illinois, was known »m
Ihe " little <,'iant. "J— |{.vvMONi)'s I.i.ncoi.n, cli. ',),
p. 105.
5:M0. STEAMBOATS, Firit, L, Ennlamt.
Henry Hell laid liis .steam passuLre hoat I'liiiniii!^
on the Clyde in IHll. In a few veins steamlioals
were plying on the Thames. — k.Moiir's IOno.,
vol. s, ch. 7, p. i:n.
5311. STOICISM admired, S.nI/,,,/. Kpic
leliis showed how life could he sliiiplilied, in-
deed, liy hringing it into ohedieiice to a perfect
law. Instead of a (piietism liaiiiited 1/y feverish
dream.s — duty, action, co-opcratiiai witli (Jod.
" Twelve years ago," wrote Soiilhey in IHOd, " I
carried Ki'iictelus in my pocket till my very heart
was ingrained with it, as a pig's hones hecomo
redder hy feeding him ujion madder. And Iho
longer I live, and the more I learn, the more am
I convinced tli;it stoicism, ]>roperlv understood,
is till! liest and nolilcst of systems.'*' jVIiicli thai;
Soiithey gained from stoicism lii^ kept through-
out his whole life, tempered, indeed, hy tin; in-
tluences of a Chiisiian faitli, liut not liwt. —
Dowdkn's SorriiKV, cli. ~*.
531*2. STONE, A sacred, lloiiKtit, Empfror
Jlixnitiiiiin y\iiloiiitiiin. Till! sun waH worshipped
at Fniesa under tlio nanio of IClagahaliis [from
two Syriae. words, Kl<i, a god, and Uabal, to
form, tiie forming or jilastic god], and under
the form of a black conical stone, which, a.s it;
was universally believed, liad fallen from heaven
634
STONE— STUaTAOEM.
i .
on Ihiit siicrcil placo. To lliis i)r()tc(tiii!; deity
Antoiiiiius, nol wiilioui sonic reason, use rilieJl
lii.s elevation to tlie tlirone. Tlie (lisi)jiiy of su-
jierstitiotis gratit'i'le was tlie only serious busi-
ness of ills rei^ti. The triunipli of tlie j^od of
Enitsa ov(r all (he relii^ionsof tlu! earth was the
great ohject of his zeal and vanity ; and tlie a])-
pellation of Kla!''al)i'.lus(for he presumed aspoii-
till and favorite to adopt that sac red naiiu). —
Giuhon's Uo.mk, oh. Ti, p. 170.
5:i'i:t. . A' }rer('a. A small square
edilice, or ienii)le, called llie ("ailhha, was 'eld
Ihroufjlioiit all Arabia io be a i)laee r)f V\w most
.supreme sanctity. Within tlii.s temple was a
stone, which was the iieculiar object of veneia-
lion, and was said to have descended from
'■((aven, in those days of innocence when man
wiw free from guilt as l;e came from lla^ liaiids
()t his C'rcMitor. Tiie stone was then white, but
/,'radually becaiiK! sullied, as man became mort!
wicked, till at last it grew entirely black. From
tho pilgrinia:^es which it was customary to make
to this '"inple, and the riches it brought thither,
IMeccH bec'uiK! the most consid(,'rable city of
Arabia.— TvTi.Ku';* Hist., IJook 0, ch. 1, p. 50.
5341. STORM, A destructive. Ennland. On the
night of the 27th of JS'ovcmber [170;j| a mighty
wind arose in the; western and .southern tlistricts
of Knglaml and in part of the eastern, which
topjiled down steeples, unroofed houses, Irove
great ships from their anchorage, and swept
away the ^^;ltchtowers of the coasts. The shores
of the cliamu:! were strevvii with v recks. The
Thames and the Severn were crowded with dis-
masted merchantmen, and hulls whose crews
had been swept into llu; riiging sea. Fourteen
or fifteen men-of-war were cast away, and fif-
teen hundred seamen perished with them. —
KNKiiiTS E.No., vol. 5, ch. 17, p. 201).
53J5. STORM, Terrible, llcinn of ChHrlm I.
Clair.or and debiite wi'iil on within tlu; house
|:>pposing the king's ell'ort to rule by jireroga-
tivej, and men 8 hearts failed them for fear with-
out. Wiiile the lienu.nstrance was passing, a
wild storm broke over London. AVind and hail,
rain, lighlning, and thunder, the like of it was
never known in the memory of living man ; the
churchyard walls were broken down, the earth
rent and torn from Ww. g'-aves, revealing, so it is
said, the faces of the dead ; supernatur;il shapes
in the mist hung brooding over the Thames, and
the su])erstitious saw misty shape and storm and
tempest bearing on and beating against tli(!hous('
of ihe Duke of 15uckiiighani, it." stairs, and its
"vvalls. .Storms \.ire moving toward York House
too. — Hood's ('uo.mwkm,, ch. ;5, p. OS.
53.10. STORM, Unequalled. Uoha-t Ihimx. In
Februai-y of the ensuing year, 179."), his duties as
(supervisor led him to what he describes as the
"unfortunate, wicked little village" of Eccle-
f(!chan, in \iinandale. The night after he arrived
there fel' tla; hcavic'st .'■now storm known in
Scotland within living memory. AVhen people
awoke ne.\t :;:orning they foiuid the snow up to
the windows of the second story of their houses.
In the hollow of C'amiisiehillsit lay to the depth
of from eighty to a hundred feet, and it had not
«lisappoared from the streets of Eclinbiirgh on the
king's birthday, the 4th of June. Storm-stayed
at Ecclefechan, Hums indulged in decppotations
iind in song-writing. — Sii.mkp's IJuhns, ch. 7.
5317. STRANGERS, Chilled by. At St. Kilda.
Mi'.'aulay's " Hi.story f)f St. Kilda" was very well
written, except .some fo|)pery about liberty and
slavery. 1 mentioned to him that Macauhiy told
me he was advised to leave out of his book the
wonderful story, that, upon the approach of a
stranger, all the inhabitants catch < nld, but that
it had been so well authenticated, he determined
to retain it. .Ioiinhon : " Sir, to leav(> things out
of a book, merely liecause jieoitle tell you they
ivill not be believed, is meanness." — Boswkli.'s
Johnson, p. IS.").
53.|§. STRATAGEM, Credible. mvlnK. Kiu^i
of Permit. At length, after a siege of twenty
months, Darius won Ihe city by a tieii(li"rous
siratagem. One of his captains, mutihiling his
visage with hideous wounds, lied, as if for safe-
ty, to the I5abyloni;uis, and olfered his services
to avenge himself against Darius, who had used
him thus inhumanly. The man was trusted by
th(! credulous Babylonians with a high cnni-
mand, of which \\v availed himself to open the
gates to the Fersians. AV'itli aggravated meaniuss
and cruelty Darius impaled alive three; thou-
sand of the priiuipal citizens. — TvTi,i.i{'s Hist.,
IJook 1, ch. 11, p. 11(5.
5310. STRATAGEM, Dishonorable. Kivfj of
Spain. Si-eing that King John 1 11. | still mani-
fested an inclination for the enter])ri.se, it was
suggested to him by the ISishoj) of Ceiita that
Columbus might be kept in sus])ense while a ves-
sel .secri'lly despalched in thedirection heshould
]ioint out niighl ascertain whether there Weic
any foundation for his theory. I?y this means
t:]\ its advantages might be secured, without
commiltii.,., the dignity of the crown by formal
negotiations about whatmight jirove amereihi-
niera. King .John, in an evil hour, had the weak-
ness to |)ermit a stratagem so inconsistent with
his usual justice; and magnanimity. (Columbus
was HMjuired to furni.sh, for the considcra'ioii of
Ihe council, a detailed plan of liis proposed v(.y-
age, with the r:harts and documents according
to which he intended to shajie his cour.se. The.se
being jirocurcd, a caravel was desiiatehed with
the ostensible design of carrying provisions to the
('ai)e de Verde Islands, but with jtrivate instnic-
tionsto pursue the designated route. Departing
from those islands, the caravel stood westward for
several '.iays. until the weather became .stormy ;
when .li(! pilots, seeing nothing but an imiiiecs-
ur.ible waste of wild, tumbling waves still ex-
lending before them, lost all courage! and put
iiack, ridiculing the ])roject of Columbus as o.\-
tiavag.'int iiiid iiratioiial. This unworthy attempt
to defraud him of his eiiterpri.se roused the indig-
nation of Columbus, and he declined all oilers
of King John to renew the negotiation. — Iitv-
iNu's CoMMIUS, ch. 0.
5350. STRATAGEM, Success by. <!rwf/i.i. [In
.Tune of 1742 the .Spanianls attempted therednr-
tion of Fort William.] The English general had
only SOO men and a few Indian allies. In order
to cope with su])ei'ior numbers, he resorteei to
siratagem. A Frenchman had deserted to the;
Spaniards. To him the English gcnei'al now
wrote, iixif toil xpjj, A Spanish prisoner in Ogle-
thorpe's hands was liberated and bribed todeiiver
Ihe letter to the deserter. The Frenchman was
advised that two IJritish fleets were coming to
America, one to aid Oglethorpe and the other to
STKATAOEM— STUENGTH.
g;{5
nth
ex-
piit
ex-
iipt
;lig-
leis
HV-
[T.i
UC-
del-
to
tlu!
ow
U\
iillack St. Aui^iisliiit' Ix't tlu; Sp.mianls remain
«)ii tli(! i.slaiKi l)iil llirt'i (lays l()ii;;('i-, aiul lluy
would 1»(( ruined. If tlio eiieniy did not make
an iniiiu'dial(! attaciv on FrediTiea, lu.s fore<'.'^
would l)e captured lo a man. . . . This letter was
delivered (to the Spanish c'()inmandei|, and the
astonished Krenehnian was arrested as a spy ; liut
the S|>aiuards eould not tell whether his denial
wa.s true or false. Tl >vas a council of war
i.i the Si)anisli eainp. Oi^lethorpe's sti-ataiicm
was suspected, l)ul could not lie proved. Three
sliip.s had lieen seen at sea that day ; jierhaps
these were the first vessels of the aiiproachinii;
Mritisli lleets. The Spaniards were utterly per
plexed ; hut it wa.-i fimdly decided to lake (>i:h-
thorpe's advice, and make tin; attack on Fr<'d-
crica. [They failed.]— Kior.xrii's l'. S., cli.'JK.
1). 242.
5351. STRATAGEM, Successful. Fill, I II i/.
rWhen .M.irins had (lawpiered the people of
konie, his fury was insatiahle. csi)ecialiy a^rainst,
llu! proi'iincnt citi/ens. | t)n this occasion it was
found that no obliyutions of fri"ndship, no
rijihts of hospitality, can .stand the ..lock of ill-
fortune. For there were very few wlio did not
lietray tliose that had taken refni;(^ in their
houses. The slaves of (Jornutus, therefore, de-
serve the lii,L;hest adnuration. They hid their
niiister in the hou.se, and took a dead body out
of tlie street from amoni^ the slain, and iian^'ed
it by the neck : then they put a uold riiii"' upon
the finj^er, and showed the cori)se in that condi-
tion to Marius' executioners : after wliicli they
dres.sed it for the funeral, and buried it as their
master's body. No omi suspected tlu; niaUer ;
and Cornutus, after bcin^ concealed as loni; asii
was necessary, was conveyed by those servants
'iito Oalatia. — Pi.i'rAucii'a (J.mus.M.muis.
5.152. STRATEGY despised. Pemaiix. In
tight the ancient Persians displayed great ]»er-
sona! courage. They esteemed it dishonorable
to employ any stratagems in war, and never
fought in the night, unless when aita<ked by the
enemy. — T yti, Kit's llrsr., 15ook l.ch. 11. p. 120.
5a5JI. STRATEGY, Needful. CulnmhiiH. As
!u; for(!saw that the vague- terrors already awak-
ened among the seamen wouKi increase with the
space whicii intervened between them and their
Jioines, he oommencetl a stratagem whicli he
i'ontinued throughout the voyage. He kei>t two
reckonings : one correct, in which the true way
of the shij) was noted, and which was retained
in secret for his own government ; in tin; other,
which waso])en to genci'al insi)ection, a numbei-
of I(>agues was daily subtracted from the sailing
of the ship, so that the crews were kejil in igno-
rance of the real distance they had advanced. —
liiviNo's ('t)i,UMiU's, Book 3, cli. 2.
5315. STREETS, Darkness of. /i'rA/// <'f
Cli(ui(H IT. When the evening closed in, the dif-
liculty and dangerof walking about London be-
came serious indei d. The y^arrel windows were
opened, and. pails were eini)ticd, with little re-
gard to those who wcri! passing below. Falls,
bruises, and broken bones \vere of constant oc-
(•urrence ; for, till the last year oi the reign of
Charles II., most of the streets were left in pro-
found darkness. Thieves and robbers plied their
trade with impunity; yet they were hardly so
terrible to peaceable citizens as another class of
lufflans. ll was a favorite amusement of disso-
lute young gentlemen to swagger by night about
the town, breaking windows, upseltincf sedans,
beating (|uiet nu'U, and olTering rude care.s.ses lo
pretty women. .Several dynasties of these tyrants
had, since the Ilcsloration, dondneercd over the
streets. Tile Muns and Tityre Tus hail given
|ilace to the Hectors, and the Hectors had been
reccnily succeeded by the SciMirers, At a later
|)eriod arose the Nicker, the Hawcid)ite, and the
yet more dreaded name of Mohauk. — M.viAi -
i,.\v"s Hist., eh. ;i. p. Jioti,
5355. STREETS, Filthy, liiiim of ChnvliK U.
The drainage was .so bad, that in rainy vvcather
the giillers soon became Idrrciits ; , , , black riv-
ulets roared down Snow Hill and l.udgate Hill,
bearing to l'''lc( t Dilcli a \asi trilmtc of animal
and vcLiclable tilth from the stalls of butchers
and green grocers, I'his tlood was jirofusely
thrown to right and left by coaches and carts.
To keep as far from the carriage road as possi-
ble was therefore the wish of e\ery pedestria;'.
Tlu^ mild and timid gave the wall ; the bold and
athletic took it. If two royslerers niet, tiny
cocked their hats in each other's f;ices and i)iisli-
ed each other about till tlu! weaker was slh>ved
toward the kennel. H he was a mere bully, Ik;
sneaked olT, muttering that he should lind a lime;
if he was pugnacious, llu! eneonnler i)robably
ended in a duel behind ^Montague House. — M.v
cai:i,.\y's En(i., di. ;>, p. IW.").
535(i. STRENGTH, Consciousness of, Mi\roii-
(hr. |.\t d;;ybreak he was asleep.) I'arnie-
ni'>, having at last awakened hiiu, and seem-
ing surprised to lind him in so calm and sweet
a sleep, just as he was going to light a bat-
tle, in whicli his whole fortune lay at stake:
"How is it ])ossible," .said Alexander, " for US
not lo be calm since tlu; enemy is coming lo de-
liver himself into our hands V" Inunediately he
took up his arms »noiinted Ids horse, and rode
up and down the anks, exhorting the troops to
inaintain, and, i: possible, to surpass, tjicir an-
cient fa.ni^ and the glory they had hilhci'to ac-
(pdred. Soldiers, on the day of battle, imagine
they seivlhe fate of the engagement ]iainted in
the face of their general. A'< for Alc.\;uider, he
had never appearnl so c.-dni, so gay, nor .so res-
I'l'dt; Till! serenity and .securily which they
observed in him were in a maimer so many as-
surances of the viclorv. There was a great dif-
ference between the Uvo armies Willi resjiect lo
nuinbers, imt niucli more so with rei,r;ir(l to cour-
age. That of Darius consisted at lea>l of (iOO, ()()()
fool and -1(1,1100 horse, and the othci of no more
than 40.000 foot and T0t)0orM000 horse ; but the
latter was all tire and strength ; whereas, on the
side of ihe Persians, it was a prodigious assem-
blage of men, not of soldiers ; an empty ]ihaii-
lom rather than a re:d army. [Darius wistle-
feated,]— Hoi, 1. UN's Hisr., iJook lo, < 8.
5357. STRENGTH by Piety. CniiiHrdl. Charles
II. tied in hopeless disolatioii to France, toexist
as the pensiored jiauper of the French king, Tho
royal power was now fairly beaten down in Eng-
land, Lit the malignan', sneercr, who has no
words but commonplace abuse to bestow upon
the great English hero, atiempt to realize! what
the land would have been, must have been, with-
out him, rent in factions, almost all eipially
strong. An army then without a leader, dreamy
speculators determined to impose their theories
G30
sTHEXfrm-sTrvrooLE.
.•^
m
ill i
m ;.'
i
;m
upon llii' kiiii^doin, mid mo inlli'i ii|)()t) tlic land
the iiiiM'i'ic's (if iuiarch}', iinIii IIic Frcncli rcvolu-
lidii ; III' I lie lioirors (if pcisccuiidii, ns in ISosldii
iiiid llic New iMii^'liind SliiIcs. ( rdiiiwcll was
llic |iducr lai^icd up liy I'roN idciicc Id sue Kn;;-
!and lidni lliis. Never in liie liislory of the
world liad a man a more dillicnll lasii to |)ertorm ;
ImiI lie pert'orilie(l it, lieea'lse lie lii'dllj;'lit Id llie
lasU, in aiidllidii to the ladsl remarkaliie eoml)i-
nalidii III' mental nMjiosites ever assemliled to-
uitlier in one man — loniiimj; a soii ol' m\tliie
persoiiaiic, and remindini^ iisol' Tlieseiis or llei-
eiiles—in addition to tliese, we say. lie hron^lil
jiiety of the suliliinesi order, and sinnieness of
jiiiriidse lofty as that of a I'eliiew prophet, lint
con joined to ,i lari;'eiiess of toleration for all re-
liirions dilfer nces, for which we know not where
to tiiid a parallel. — ll()()i)> Ciio.M wi;i,i,, eh. \'i,
1 1, k;:!.
5:ir»«*. STRENGTH, Physical, /^it/,, mf IWs-
iilciit ,/iJt'i i:-«iii. 'I'liis I'eler .lelfersoii was a ^dalit
in stature and streni;tli. Jt is said of liiiii. that
lie eoiild lift fi'om their sides in an uprii,dil ])o
sition two hotrslieads of loliaeco at once, e;ieh of
:i thousand ]iouiids' wei'ihl — ('V( l.c'i ui a of
Jiloo., p. ;U(J.
r>',l!iii. ■ . W.iKldiiijInii. The jiower
of Washiiiiiton's arm was displayed in several
iiiemorahle ii' ;taiiees ; in I's throwinir a stone
from the lied of the stream to the toj) of the \al-
iiral liridire ; another . . . across the IJappa-
liamiock, at Fre(leri( ksliurir. . . . Numliers lia\c
since tried this feat, hut none Innc t leared the
^vater. — t'lsris' Wasiiincton, \o1. 1, ch. 2.").
53(iO. STRIFE, Choice in. h'ncii/rs or (7iil-
ihrn. '("he ;i:eneral voice of the kinirdum of
Krane<' was now for jieace ; and the once liaui;h-
ty Ldui.s [XIV.], now miserably liiunhleii, sent
his minister to neijjotiatc in nerson at the Haj;ue,
where he met with the nidsl niortifyiiii,' tn t-
iiient frf)m Marll)(>r()Uii,li, Euiteiie, and tlieirrand
jiensionary lleiiisius. They (kmanded luithiii:,
less, as a condition of peace, tliiui that the kinu;
of France should undertake, at his own chari.'-es,
to dethrone his irrandsoii I'hilip, and even lim-
ited him to the space of two neinlhs for the ful-
lillinir of this eondiiidii. The spiiit of ti'C
aiied Eouis broke out into the most just indiu^na-
lioii at this inhuman and dishonoraltle iirojiosal.
"Since," says he, " 1 must die tiijhtinij:, it shall
b(,' with I line enemies, and not with my chil-
dren." Il(! i're[)are(l, tlieref.ire, for a resobile
continuance.' of that war which was only to in-
volve Jiim in fresh misiortunes. | War with
iMiirland. J— Tvri. toil's ilisr., Ilnok (i, eh. ;if,
1). 4()T.
5:i« I. STRIFE, Conjugal. I!,r<,„i-ilinll>iii. Tlie
ancient worship of the Jtonums alforded a jie-
c\iliiir tidddess to hear and reconcile the com-
])liiints df a married life ; but her epithet df ]'ir-
ipliicii, the a]i|)e;iser of husbands, tof) clearly in-
dicates on wliich side suliinission and repentance
are always expected — tiiiiHONs Komi-;, ch. 44,
J). 349.
5;i62. STRIFE, Family. Ahomiiiahlc. It be-
in^ the seiisdii when the pilifiinuif^e attracted to
Mjccii the Arabs from all jtarts of the desert,
they agreed to post themselves ui)oii the route,
to the cud of warninir the pilgrims against the
novelties 'vliieli a jireleiidcd pro])liet, a nephew
of Aboiitaleb, was dis.semiiuUiiig as a .schism in
the Kaaba. " Let us also," they deliberated,
" be agreed, before leaving the city, upon what
We shall s.'iy .sep.uiitely to the ]iilgrims, so thai
there may be no discrepaney between our sever-
al reiiresentati'iiis. ' " Will we say that he is ;i
di\ iiier '.' NO, ior he has neither the convulsive
and incoherent accent, nor the language full of
all'ected consonances of the disincrs. Shall
we say that he is a madman V ISut his entire
exterior insiiires dignity and relleclion. Shall
we say lie is a poel ? IJiit he does not express
hiiii--elf in \('i.s(. Shall we say, in line, thai
he is a wizard '! Ihit he does not work nura-
cles ; he |)raclises none of the mysteries of mag
ie ; his sole magic lies in the eloinieiiee and the
jieisuasidn of his lips. Let us .say, then, thai
lie is .a jiublic enemy, wlio, by his arlilices, .sows
disunion anidiig families, who poisons the alTec
tions, who severs brother from brother, son froiii
fiither, wife from liusband."— JiAMAifriNifs
TntKi'V.
5:i«;i. STRIFE, Premature. Ilislu,), liNri,(t.
rile wa:. the private chaplain of the w ife df Will-
iam, I'rinee of Orange. The English were con-
sidering the (p!" ■' in of tilling the throne niaih'
vacant by the tliglit of James II. to France b\
ci ,.ning William of Orange and making Mary
only f(ueen cdiisort, thoiigli sshe was the dinigh-
ter of the fugitive king.) Said the Imive and
honest divine : " It would he unseendy i;i me to
oiipose any i)laii which may have your (oiinle-
iiance. I ther^'fore desire to be s('t free, that I
nniy fight the \. 'vess' bailie with every t'acid-
ty It. at (lod has given me." " I tiiink, doetoa-,"
.said William, with characteristic cdoliie.'s, "that
you I ai' belter slay where you are. It will sure-
ly be tiiiH! for ydu to (juil me when 1 do some-
thingdf which vdu disapprove." In a few hours
the ^\ leiiK- which had excited jjiirnefs resent-
ment was entirely given ';p, and all tlio.se who
c(>"si(lered .lames as no IdUger king A\'ere agreed
as to ilie way in which lliethnme must be tilled.
\\'illian' and Marv must be kiiu;' and oueen.—
aiacai i.Av's EN(i.\ ch. 10, p. rm.
5:tOI. STRIFE, Responsibility for. JanKsIf.
T!;e seve'iteeiith century has, in that unhaj)i)y
'•ountry, left to the nineteenlh a fatal heritage of
1.;,. ligna.it passions. No amnesty for the mutual
•.vrongs iMtlicled by the Sax(>i! defenders of Lon-
donderry, and by \\w Celli, defenders of Lini-
.•rick, hasexcr been granted from the heart by
either race. To this day a more than Sjiartan
haughtiness alloys the many noble (jualitie.s
which ch.iractcrizc! the children of the victors,
while a lleldt feeling, coinpiainded of awe and
hailed, is not too often discernible in the chil-
dren of the van((uislie(l. Neither of the hostile
e.'isles can justly be absol veil from blame ; bill tint
chief blame is due to Iheshort sighted and head-
slriiiig ])rince |.Iames 11.] who, placed in a situ-
atidii in wliich he might lia'e reconciled them,
emiiloyetl all his jiower to inllanie their animos-
ity, and at length forced them to close in a. graji-
jile fdr lifeand death. — .M.vcai i..\v's Eno., cli. (J,
p. 117.
.'>;M»5. STRUGGLE, Fierce. l'<i'il .hnwH. On
the 2:i(l df September I'aul Jones, cruising olf
' the Cdiist df Scotliind with a tlotilla of French
and American vessels, fell in with a Ih^et of Brit-
ish mcrchaiilmen, convoyed by two men-of-war.
STlUCJCI.i:— STLDV.
'■s If.
Loll-
Mill-
■t hy
irtaii
litics
•tors,
aii<l
cliil-
DStilli
lUlut
llCild-
KitU-
llCIll,
lllios-
On
S "ff
cncli
Brit-
war.
Tlu! Imllli; lliut ciisucd was lilooily licyoiid piTc-
cilciit ill naval wairarc. For an lioiir ami a
lialf the Scrapis, a Mrilisli tritratc i it forty four
i^iins, cii^aircd llu^ I'oor Kiiiiani witliiii iiuiskct-
sliot. Tiicii lli(! vcsst'ls, lioili ill a siiikiii.i^ coii-
(lilioii, wcrt! run aloiijrsidc anil laslic 1 toncllur.
'Pile marines foiinlil with the fury of niadiiieii,
until lh(! Si rapis Mtruck her colors. Jones has-
tily Iransrcnnl his men to the eonquered ship,
,iiid the I'oor h'icliard went down. 'IMie reinain-
iiiif IJrilish sliip was also atlaeked and captured.
Sodes[)erate was the eii^'ai^ement, that of the:i7'>
niell on hoaiil the licet of .loiies ;i()l) were either
killed or wounded. — KiDi'vrii's I'. S , cli. fv,',
5:j«0. STRUGGLE, Hopeless. /l.i//f> nf i;-,,!.
I rii'kxhiivij. N'i.u'iit c.iinc and elided the useless
carna^^e. (Jeneral Buinside would have re-
newed the battle, hut his division eominanders
tinally dissuaded him, and on the iii;rlit of this
loth [of December] the Federal army was si-
lently withdrasvn across the Kappahaiinoek. The
I'liion losses in this tcrilile conllict amounted to
MOO killed, 9100 woundtMl, and 1().")(> jirisoiiers
and missinj^. The Confederates lost in killed
ri!)."), 4001 wounded, und ()•">;< niissinir and pris-
oners. Of all the important movemenls of the
war, only that of Freilerieksburf^ \\as under-
taken with HO i>robability of success. Inder the
plan of the battle — if jilaii it niijilil be called —
nothing; could be reasonably e.\|H'eted but re]uilse,
rout, and ruin. Thus, in ^joor.i and disaster In
the Federal cause, ended llie ^^reat cainpaiL-Mi of
18IJ2.— UiDi'.vTii's IJ. S., eh. 04, p. ."JlO.
5367. STUDENT, Belated. Chiirlniui'jne. The
literary merits of CliarlemaLrne are attested by
the foundation of schools, the infoduction of
arts, the work.s whicli were l)ubli^hed in his
name, and his familiar '■onnection with the sub-
jects and slraiu^ers wlioiit he invited to his court
to (tdueate both the prince and people. His own
studies were tardy, laborious, and imperfecl ; if
he s[)oke J..atin and uiulerstDud Greek, lie de-
rived the rudiments of knowledire from conver-
sation rather than from books ; and in his ma-
ture ai^e lh(! cni])eror strove to aciiuire the
jiractice of wrilinii, which every [leasant now
iearn.s in 'nis infancv. — OinnoNs Ko.mk, cii. tO,
p. 47.
5::tf§. STUDENT, A royal. CIki rluii,t(i(i,\ Cliar-
lemaf;'ne \'as an indefatiLftible student; and thi;
im])uls(' of his jiersonal example, ])atronaLre,
and superintendence ])rodueed elTccts which,
considerin;,' tlu! circumstances of the times, are
truly Wonderful, and redound to his eternal
honor. History ])resents to us few inon^ strik-
inj^ spectacles than that of tlie i^reat monarch of
the \Vest, surrounded by tlii! (irinces and jiriii-
<'e.sses of his family and the chief personaires of
his brilliant court, all content to sit as learners
at the feet of their An^lo-Sa.xon preceptor Al-
cuin in the "school of the palaci;" ut Ai.xla-
(,'hapellc. — SruDHNTs' Fu.vmk, eh. 5, jS 10,
p. 73.
5369. STUDENTS, Folly of. (Inlihtnith. On
one occasion we tiiid him implicated in an affair
that came nigh producing his expulsion. A re-
port wa.s brought to (allege that a scholar was
in the hands of the bailiffs. This was an iiiMilt
in which every gownsman felt himself iiivnheil,
A number of the scholars Hew to aii: . ,:;iil
sallied fortli to battle, lieaded l)v a harebrained
fellow nicknamed (lallows W'alsh, noted fur
his aptness at mischief and fondne»4 for riot.
Th(^ stronghold of the bailitf was carried by
storm, the scholar .set at liberty, and the deliii-
ipient catchpole borne olT captive to the college,
where, having no jiumi) to put him under, ttiey
satistied the demands of collegiate law liy duck
iiiL.' him in aii old cistern. Flushed with this
signal victory, Oallows Walsh now h.irangued
his followers, and proposed to break open .New -
gate, or the Hlack I )og, as the inison was called,
and elVect a gener.d jail delivery. He was an-
swered by shouts of concurrence, and away
went the throng of madeap youngsters, iully
bent upon putting an end to the tyranny of law.
They were joined by the mob of the city, and
made an attack upon the jirison with true Irish
[irecipitation and thoimhtlessness, never having
provided themsehes with cannon to batter its
stone walls. .V few shots from tlii! prison
liroughl them to ilieir senses, and they lieat a
hasty retreat, two of the townsmen being killed
and several wounded. — InviMi's GoLUs.Mnn,
ch. 2, p. 24.
5370. STUDIES, Ancient. /.'< /'/// ';/" Thonhivir.
IHoelhius was :iii honored scholar.] For the
bcnelil of his Latin readers, his genius ^ubmitted
to teach the first elements of the arts and sci-
ences of (ireece. The geometry of Kuelid, the
music; of I'ythagoras, the arithnietic of >,'iconi-
achus, the' mechanics of Arcliimedes, the as-
Ironomv of Ftoleniy, tlu; theology of I'lato, and
the logic of .\risi itte, with the commentary of
Forphyry, were translated and illustrated by the
indefatigable ])eii of the Uoman senator. And
he alone was esteemed capabh'of describing the
wontlers of art. a sun-dial, a water flock, or a
sjihere which re|ircs(nted the motions of the
lilanets. . . . Such con-pieuous merit w;is fell
and rewarded by a lisi lining i)rince ; the dig-
nity of Boi'lhius was adoiiied with the titles of
consul and |)atriciaii, and his talents wvw u.se-
fully emjiloyed in the im|ii)rl:int st.ation of mas-
ter of tlie ollices. — (llluioN s Ko.Mi:, ch. ;!U,
p. :{:i.
5:jri. STUDY, Devoted to. //c^ ./,//; ,>„/,.
Upon the complelinii of his college (ouim'. he
studied law for live years, wiih an a'-siduiiy
mo.st unusual in the heir to a good estate. He
had a clock in his bi'droom, and his \\\\v. in
summer was to get up as soon as he could see
the hands, and in winter he rose uniformly at
live. Including the time |ia--sed in music and
reading, lie usually siicnt fourteen hours of
every day at his studies ; three of which, he
tells us, were sometimes spent in iiraclising on
the violin. There has .seldom been a young
man of fortune who lived more jaircly than he.
He neither practised the vices nor indulged the
liassions of his class in the Virginia of thai daj'.
He never quarrelled ; he never gambled. His
mouth was innocent of tobacco. He never
drank to excess. — Cvci.orKDi.v of Biuo., p. ;i47.
5372. . PrcHuknt Madisoji. Of all
the public men who have figured in jiublic life
in the United States, he was the most studious
and thoughtful. The eldc'St .soii of a rich Vir-
ginia planter, he was yet .so devoted to the ac-
quisition of knowledge that, for months together
at i'rineeion ('ollei^'-e, he allowed him.self but
r,:!s
STUDY— sriUlGATIOX.
Ilircc liours' sleep out of ttie tweiily futir an
excess wliich iiijiireil liis lietillli for all llie rest
of !iis life. He iip|)e!ire(l to live wholly in tlie
world of ideas, Diiiiiel Welisler reckoned liin>
liie idilest expounder of the Conslitiition, and
Tlioinas .lelTcrsoii pronounced him the liest
head ill Virj^inia. Without l)ein;j: a hrilliant ora
lor, he WHS an excellent ari.nunentative speaker,
and always conciliated the feelinirs of his oppo
nents liy the i;entlen<!ss of his demeanor and
till" court<'sv of his lani;ua!,^c. — ('v(i.()i'i;i)i.v oi'
Hio(i., p. TdM.
5:17:1. STUDY, Prepar?tion by. John. Milton.
"With aspirations thus vast, thou,i,di unformed,
with " amplitude of ir.ind to {greatest deeds,"
Milton retired to Ids fa.her's houst' in the coun-
try. Fiv(> more years of sclf-ediication, added
lo the seven ye:>"sof acadciiucal residence, were
not ton much for the meditation of projects such
as Milton was already coiucivinir. Years many
more tlian twelve, tilled witli isynxi events anil
distract iiiijj interests, wen; lo ])ass over before
tli(! liody and shape of " I'aradise Lost" -was
i;iven to these iuiaLrininjrs. — Pattiso.n's 3Iii.-
•roN, eh. 2.
5:jr.|. . John Milton. Until he was
Ihirty-one John Milton was ii student, and noth-
iiii; hut a student ; lirst, at home, at his fa-
ther's side; next at u jrreal fjondoii frrununar-
scliool ; then at C'ambridi^e I'luversity ; after-
ward at wis fath(!r's house in the country ; and
linally in foreij^ii countries. Durini; all this long
period of )irei)arntion he was 11 nuist diliirent.
<:irnest, and intense stuchint. He was jjrobahly
the best Latin s^cholarthat ever lived who was
not a native Roman of Cicero's day. — Cyci.(j-
fKDI.V OK Ul()(J., p. 1G8.
5375. . Niijwlion I [His entire
early life was devoted to intense study. When
iweuty-lwo yeans oi age he was promoted to a
tirst lieutenancy, and visited his native land on
furlougli.] Upon returning to the lionu; of Ids
«'liil(ihoo(l, to spend a few months in rural leisure,
the first object of Ids attention was to jivepare
lor Idniself a study, where he could be secluded
from all interru])tion. For this jiurpose he se-
lected a room in the attic of the house ... he
l)assed days and nights of the most incessant
mental toil, He sought no recreat'on ; he sel-
dom went out ; he seldom saw anj, company. —
.Vhuott's Nai'()i.i;<)N B., vol. 1, cii. J.
5376. STUPIDITY, Hopeless. liei;jn. of Janus
If. [The invasion of England by William of
< )range was welcomed by conspicuous men who
deserted .James 1 1.] The imi)enetrable stujjidity
of I'rince (jieorgi^ served his \\i:\\ on this oeca-
.sioii better than cunning wo\;ld have done. It
was his habit, when any n( ws was told him, to
exclaim in French, " Fst-il p,')ssd)le ?" "Is it
|M)ssibleV" This catchword W!'s now of gre.it
use to him. " Est-il jjossilile V" \\:. cried, when
lie had been made to understand thtii C'hurchid
and Grafton [.lames' generals] Acre nussiuij:.
And wIk.'U the ill tidings came from Warminster
he a.gain ejaculated, " Est-i! jiossible '. ' . . .
I'rince (ieorge and Ormond were invited to su])
with the king m Andover. The meal niust have
been a sad one. The king was overwhelmed by
his misfortunes. His son-in-law was the dullest
of comiianions. " I have tried Prince George
^obe^," siuil Charles II., ' iuid I have tried him
drunk ; and, drunk or sober, there is nothing in
him." Ormond, who was llirough life laciturii
and bashful, was not likely to be in high spirits
at such a moment. At length the repast ter-
nunated. 'i'lie king retired to rest. Horses were
in waiting for the princiMUid Ormond, who, as
soon as tiiey left the table moiuited and rodi; olT.
I They deserted to the king's enemy.]— Mac.\l-
i.av'h En(i., eh. 1), p. 477.
5:877. STYLE, Adaptation of. LulJirr. I would
ha\c such a tra-.slalion as would de-,."ve to
be read by all Christians, for I hoi)(>wi3 woidd
be able to present to Germany a betti^r transla-
tion than isthe Latin version. It is a great work,
and worthy of our united labors, since it ought.
everywiK're to be foimd and to conduiH) to tin?
general welfiucMif the peoi)le. In two months
liUlher had completed the translation of this
New Testament. "I translated not oidy St.
.lohn's (Jospel," says Luther, " but the entire
New Testament, while I was in Fatmos fhi.H
place of concealTnciit]. And now I'hilip (Nle-
ianchthon) and I Iiave begiui lo polish it oiT, and
with (Jod's help it will be a fine i)iec(! of work.
I'^or my fellow-Gcrmaris was I born, and them
will I serve !" And in order that Ik; nnght do
this right well, Ik^ (juestioned the mother at
home, the children in the streets, and tlu! com-
mon laborer in the market. The terms of ooiu't
.and ])idacehe could not use, sai<l he. And thus
he accomplished the comiilelion of a truly jx)])-
ular, glorious work, which jiroved to be the
foundation and cornerstone of his Heformatioii
labors. — Ki;in's LuTiiKit, ch. 10, p. 99.
5378. SUBJUGATION intolerable. Ileign of
Jami's ir. [Irish troops were brought over to
aidJamesinsui)]>lantingthe Protestant, religion.]
The Englishman . . . kiu'w that great numbers
of Irish had repeatedly fled before a small Eng-
lish force, iuid that the whole Irish population
liad been held down by a small English colony ;
and he very compiacently inferred that he was
naturally a being of a higher order than the
Irishman ; for it is thus that a dominant race al-
ways explains its ascendency tmd excuses its
tyrimny. That in vivacnty, humor, and elo-
quence the Irish stand high among the nations
of the world, is now universally acknowledged.
That, when well disciplined, they are excellent
soldiers, has been jiroved on a hundred fields of
battle ; yet it is certain that, a century and a half
ago, they were generally despised in our island
as both a stupid and a cowardly peoi)le. And
these; were the men wlio were to hokl England
down by main force while her civil and ecclesi-
as'ical constitution was destroyed. The blood
of the whole nation boiled at the thought. —
JSIacailav's Eng., ch. 9, p. 394.
5379. SUBJUGATION, Oppressive. Muhomet
]T. ih,' (Ircdt. Th(! (ireeks remained under the
douiniou of the grand signior in a state of op-
pre.-sion little short of slavery ; they were suf-
fered, however, to retain their religion and their
laws. They were allowed, paying a small trib-
ute, to e rr.y on a little commerce and {cultivate
their lands. The j atriarch's revenue's must, at
least, have been considerable, a.s Ih ; ,>; <■'■ 1'
installation, no less than 8()()() .l.io'r , r^.e iijif
to the exche(|uer of tlu; grim i ■ ; . .li •:• ind in.
other to the otlicers of the P.)ite. '1 . i;reit' -'
subj(;ctioii the Greeks 1 .n^ been »' U' .' « J '»
ri(i-jjim»«u?
SUBLIMITY— SUCCESS.
030
the tribiito of cliildnMi. pAcry fnllicr lias been
<(iinp«'ll('(l to give one of his sons to serve iiiMoii;^
the jaiii/.iirie.s or in liie serii;^lio, or to )my ii
sum for his riinsoiii. — 'rvn.i.itH llisr,, Mooli 0,
rli. i:{, p. 211.
mtno. SUBLIMITY, Influence of. J'i/r<n„i,h.
The whole iiriny instinctively hulled and liii/.ed
!i\ve stricken n])on those! laonnnienls of iinti-
(|nity. The face of Is'apoleon beamed with en-
ihnsiasm. " Soldiers," licexclaimed, as lie ro(l(!
aionfj; the raidvs, "from lhos(! snmmils forty
centuries contemplate yon r actions !" Tlie ardor
<pf th(! soldiers was aronsed to the hiirlicsl pilch.
— AiiitoTT's N.M'oi.KON H., vol. ], ch. 11.
5!l»l. SUBMISSION, Humiliating. J!ir/„ir,/ IL
'I'hou^di a prince? of some spirit, he was \h\s-
sess<'<l of u very weak underslandinir, alian-
doned to his pleasnres, and ii slave to unworthy
favorites. J}y their persuasion, and to Ln-alify
his leveujfc as well as his avarice, hv conliscat-
cd, on a siM'cions ])retenct! of treason, the estate!
of his uncle, Henry of Lancaster, Duke of Here-
ford, a prince of un-eat rcsolntion and ability,
and, by de.sc(!nl from lIciuT III., of no remote
pretensions to tlu! tlii'one of Knixland. While
tilt! kin^ was employed in (|uellinir an insurrec-
tion in Ireland, Henry of Lancaster, who was
in iiij^li favor with tlu! people, found means to
levy a very formidabh- army ; he en,Li;a;;-ed the
Kiirl of Xorthumlierl.and in his interest, and pre-
vailed on York, then viceroy in the king's ab-
sence, to give him no opposition ; while, as Ik!
l)re(ended, all that he had in view was tlu! rc(!()V-
ery of his estate, liiehard, on his return from
Iieland, found Lancaster at the head of his
troops, determined to wrest from him the i)()sses-
sion of the crown ; his ruimbei's were! inconsid-
erable, and diminished by desertion to his rival.
Uesistance ho saw was vain while the body of
the peoplo wei'e his enemies. Lancaster told
him he was a novice in the art of government,
and that he would teach liim hf)W' to rule th(!
))eoi)le of England ; to which the subnussive
monarch is said to Inivc replied, " Fair cousin,
since it plca.ses you, it plea.ses lis likewi.se."
i{ichard, confined in the Tower, was accused of
maladministration, and condemned by Parlia-
ment, who solemnly deposed liim from the
throne ; he was confined a prisoner in the ciistle
of Pontefract, and afterward privately assassi-
nated.— Tyti. Kit's Hist., Hook,"), ch. ll', p. 201.
53§2. SUBMISSION of Soul. Pailkntiid. [Kev.
FrtH'born Garrel.son wasa .Maryland farmer w hen
he liecame awakened to a .sense of his personal
need of salvation.] I'nder the i)rcaching of the
IJev. Daniel HufI he was " soopi)re.s.sed h(!Could
scarcely support his burden ;" and riding home-
ward through a lonely wood, agonized by a
sense of his sinfulness and of the necessity of
regeneration, he dismounted and began to pray.
IJut his prayer was for forbearance tliat he might
yet delay till a more C()nvenii!nt season. Itesum-
ing his ride, he wa.s again arrested with an over-
powering consciousness that "now is the ac-
cepted time, now is the day of salvation. " " I
threw," he says, " tiie reins of nu' bridle on the
horse's neck, and putting my hands together,
cried out, Lord, I submit !" . . . " The enmity
of my heart Wiis slain, the plan of salvation was
open to me." ..." 3Iy soul was so exceeding
iiapj)y that it seemed as if I wanted to take wing
and fly away to heaven."— I^ti'.vkns' >L E.
Cinudi, vol. 1, p. If.VL
5;W:». SUBSTITUTE, A happy, h rxrrution.
(^ueen Mary, having dealt .severely with tlu!
I'rotestants in England, aboiif 1 lit! latter eiitl t)f
her reign signetl a commission for to take Iho
.same course with them in Jrelaiul ; and It) oxe-
ente the same with greater ft)rce, she ntiminates
Dr. Cole t)nt! of the ctimmissioners. This dt)t!-
tor coming with tht; commissitm to Chester, t>n
his journey, the mayor tif that city, hearing that
her Majesty was sentling a me.s.senger into Ire-
laiitl, and lit! being a churchman, waileil t)n tlit;
tloclor, who, in tlisct)iir.se with the mayor, takelh
out of a cloak-bag a leather box, saying untt)
him, " lieri! is a commission that will lash Ihi;
heretics of Irelantl " (calling the Protestants by
that title). Tilt! gootl woman tif the house, being
Well alTectetl to tliti Protestant religion, anil also
ha\ing a brother, nameil,lt)hn Etlmoiuls, t)f tiie
same, then a citizen in Dublin, was much trou-
bled at the tloctor's wonls ; but watching her
ctinvenient time, while thi! mayor took his leave
anil the tloctor eomplimenteil him tlown-stairs,
she opens the box, takes the commission out,
and ]>laces in lieu theretif a sheet of paper with
a i)ack of cartls wrappeil ui> therein, the knavt!
of clubs being faceil upiiermost. The tl()ett)r
coming up to his chamber, sus])cctiiig notliing
of what had been tlone, put up thi! box as for-
merly. Tilt! next tlay, going to the watcr-siile,
wi:;d and weather .serving him, he sails towartl
Irelantl. . . . He i)resents the box unto the lt)ril
tleputy, who cau.sing it to be t)peneil, that the
secretary might reaii the commission, there was
nothing save a pack of cartls, with the knave of
chilis upiiermost ; which not tiiily startletl tlit*
lortl tleputy anil otmncil, but the tloclor, who
assuretl them he hati a commission, but knew
nt)t how it was gone. Tht!n tht! lortl-tleputy
matle answer, " Let us have another ct)mnii.ssit)ii,
intl wewillshuflle the cartls in the mean while."
The doctt)r, being troubletl in his ininil, went
awav, anil returneil into Englantl. — Tvti.eu's
Hist., Book 0, ch. 20, p. 30:5.^
53§'l. SUCCESS, Changes by. ('i,liiiiil>n.'<. One
can hartlly recognize! in the intliviilual thus matli!
the companion of princes, antl the tlirme t)f gen-
eral wonder antl admiration, tht! same ob.scnn!
sirange'r wlit) but a short time beftiri: hail bt!en
a ctimmon scoff antl jest in this very ctiurt, tle-
rieleel by semff as an adventurer, anel pe(intt:il at
by eithers as a maelman. The)se w he) liael treatetl
him with contumely tluring his long course of
st)licitation ne)w sought tt) clTact! the remem-
brance t)f it by atlulatie)ns. Every tine wlit) hatl
given him ,'V little colel countenance eir a ft!vv
ct)urtly smiles now arrogaliel te) liimse'lf Ihei
creilit of having beeii a ]ialroii anel eif having
l)re)mt)te'el the tlisce)very of the New \Vorld. —
luviNei's COM.MIUS, lJoe)k .'), ill. 7.
5!{S5. SUCCESS, Dangerous, liirdlry. It wa.s
in 181!5, when, in consequence of the presence!
of two large armies, a malignant ty])hus fever
v.iged, and the sick became so numerous that it
was necessary to diviile them among the citj-
l^hysicians. Seventy-three cases fell to the share
of Dr. Hahnemann, iill of who. 'i he treated on
the homtecpaihic system, antl all of whom re-
co\ercel, except, out! e)lel man. This ,«triking
success, while it increa.-*ed the number of his dis-
(;4o
srccKss.
*
F'l
(•i|il('S. iiilliiiiicil llic f\iry of liis cncmirs, niid lie
cdiild not <xi> into IliL'sirccIs witlioiit Ix'iiii; hoot-
ed at and iiisidlcd. ('o(np('ll('<l ti;,'uii) lo take
lli;,'lil, lie t'oimd ict'ii;j:<' at the obsciiri' capital of
OIK! of his di^icipl'-s, ilic Diiitc of Aidialt. Hut
rvcii tlu'i'c Ik; was not, saf(! from pci'scciitioii.
Several times tlu' windows of liis iioii-^e were
liroiien, and Ik- seldom ventured out of doors. —
C'v(i.()ri;i)iA OK Miixi., p. 'J?.!.
A!tM((. . A/iu'/iiiiilis, \Vlien TinKin,
famed for his misanthropy, saw Aieiliiades
. . eoiKhicled iionw; willi i;reat iKiiior from
tin; plae(! of assembly, la; diil nol sliun Idm,
as ]h' did other nK'n, hut went u]) to liin), aiKl
shaking him i)y the iiand, llnis addressed liim :
"(loon, my brave boy, and i)rosper ; for your
prosperity will brin;; on fin; ruin of all this
crowd." Tins occasioned .stjveral relictions;
some laii^flu'd, sonK) railed, ami others were ex-
trenK.'lv moved at IIk; sayinjj:. So various were
\\w .ju(ijrmeiits formed of Aieiliiades, by reason of
iIk! iiwonsislency of liischaracter. — I'm t.mkii's
Al.CIHIADKS.
HitH7. SUCCESS, Dangerg of, Jh'uir>riiUz<ili()ti.
DuiKh'e kiK'W the{(Ualities(jf the race | lli.nhlaial-
<'rs| which he was goinf? to lead a.ifainsl the regu-
lar troops of the new fjovcrnment [that of William
JI1.|. They were uKistto be feared in the hour
of sm'cess. " In battle the point lo which tliey
bend their utmost ell'orts, and whicb they ."-e
most anxious to cany, is tlK'ir eiK'mie^:' bugua.ii .
If that once falls into their hands, disregarding
.'dl discipline aial oaths, and leaving their colois,
home they run." — Ci nmnoham, in Kmciit's
j;.N(i., vol'. .'5, ch. (i, p. y,'.
5;iN«. SUCCESS, Delusive. I'lmrlnt <!<,<nUi('(iv.
\ He met many discouragement sin experimenting
with India rubber, aiKl was brought to bitterest
])overty. ] Another tinK- Mr. Goodyear thought
he had succeeded in curing india-rubber by mix-
ing it \7ith (|uickliine. lie nuide some s])ecimens
of india-rubber cloth, which had an elegant ap-
l>e«rance ; but after enjoying his triumph a few
days he found, to his dismay, that tlu; weakest
acid, such as upple-.juice, orange-.juice, or vinegar
and watei'. dropped upon his cloth, dissolved
it into soil li'um ai;ain. — ('v(i.ui'i;i>i a ofJjKk;.,
p. 217.
3:iS9. SUCCESS deserved, Jioijamiii Frnnk-
!iti in I'liihahliihiii . ( )n the deei) foundations of
sobriety, frugality, and industry the young [run-
away] journeyman |s<'venlecn years old] built his
fortuiu'sand his fame ; and be soon (-ame to have
a printing ( nice of his own. Toiling early and
late, with his own hands he set types and worked
at the press ; with his own hands he would trun-
dle to tlKM)tIice in a wheelbarrow the reams of
pajter which he was to use. His ingenuity was
such that lie could form letters, make types and
woodcuts, and engrave vignettes in copper. The
assembly of Peiin.sj'lvania respected his merit,
and chose liim its printer. — Hanchokt's U. S.,
vol. ;j, ch, a:j.
5390. SUCCESS, Disaster a, Qiicci Anne's
Wtir. A.n. 1711. [An English sfpiadron, under
Sir llovenden "Walker, ascended the St, Law-
rence to Jitliuk (Quebec. 15y his iiu'onipctency
and obstinacy] eight ships had been wrecked and
ciglit hundred and eighty four men drowned. A
council of war voted unanimouslv tliat it was
impossible to proceed. " Hail we arrived safe a I
(Quebec," wrote the admiral. " ten or twelve llioii-
sand men must havt; been i to perisii of cold
and hunger ; by the loss part, Providence;
saved all the rest !" and he ev ''icd public hoiiors
for his successful retreat, wluc I, to him seemed
as glorious as a victory. — 15am kokt's L'. S.,
vol. ;(, ch. •,'!,
.Wft I. SUCCESS by Duplicity. f.oiiUXl. lb-
was a consummali' master of the arts of dissimu-
lation and duplicity ; he made it tiK! main busi-
ness of his life to overreacli and circumvent
others, and accounted successful fraud thi' most
eonsiiicuous proof of talent. Where his ]irede-
cessors would ha\'e employed \ iolence, Louis
trusted to cajolery, corruption, and pertidy. lb;
understood lo perfection how to play oil' om;
class of interest against another ; how to .scatter
the seeds of division and estrangement so as to
prolit afterward by the, di.seord he had foment-
ed. Louis reali/,e(l his objects as ii sovereign by
sacriliciiig without .scrupk; all his obligations as
a man. — SriDKNTs' Fuanck, ch. 1~, 5i 1.
S.TO'i. SUCCESS, Encouraging. Jhdtl, „f Tirn-
(on. About the 211th of December the weather
beeaiiK' very cold, and by the evening of the ^'itli
the river was tilled with lloating ice. . . . Wash-
ington's division succeeded in getting over, but
the passage was delayed till three o'clock in tin;
morniiii' All hooe of reaching Trenton before
daybreak wr.s at an end ; but Washington, be-
lieving that tilt! Hessians would sleep late after
their revels, divided his army into twocolumns,
and pres.se, I for,\ trd. One division, led by Sul
liviin, passed down the river to attack the town
on 1 he west ; the other, commanded by Washing-
ton and (ireciie. made a circuit to the Princeton
road The movement was entirely successful.
Nearly a thon.sand of the dreaded Hessians threw
down Iheirarni- and begged for mercy. JJefore
nightfall Washington, with his victorious men
and the whole body of captives, Avas .safe on the
othei' side of the Helaware. The battle of Tren-
ton loured the nation from despondency. Coiill
deuce in the commander and liopein the ultima tc
sincessof the American cause wen! evei'y where
rt'vived. KiDi'.v Ill's I'. S,, c! "', p. IJU!.
aiift'-t. SUCCESS, Fortunate. lioiimn Mmperor
Umidriiis, The remainder of the reign of ilo-
noi'ius was undisturbed by rebellion ; and it may
be observed that, in the sjiace of five years,
seven usiu'pers had yielded lo the fortune of a
prince, who was himself inca])able either of
counsel or of action. — OiunoNs Ho.mi:, ch. ol,
p. 807.
5:i9-l. SUCCESS, Genius for. Frakiirk thf
(irtdt. The net seemed to have closed eom])lete-
ly r(juiid him. The Kussians were in the lield,
ami were spreading devastation through his
eastern provinces. Silesia was overrun by tin;
.Vustrians. A great French army was advancing
from the west under the comniaiul of Marshal
Soubise, a [iriiice of the great Armorican houst;
of Uolian. Berlin itself had been taken and
pluiidcreil by the Croetians. Such was the sit-
uation from which Frederick extricated himself,
widi daz/.lin,^' .gloiy. in the sliort space of thirt.V
days, [lie (leb'ated the French November.').
and the Austrians on Decembei 5. | — Macai-
I.AV's FnKOKKICli. TIIK GUKAT, p. 9'7.
HICCESS.
041
A39A. SUCCESS by Oentlenaii. Mimomirici*.
i)\\ li low island of hiirrcii ffnciss-rock otT (lie
west coiust of iScollimd lui Frisli refuv:*'*', Colmii-
lia. had raisc^d the fatuous niissioii-Hlatioti of lona.
It. was williiii its walls that Oswald in yoiilli
found rcfuj^(!, and on his ucccssion to the throne
of Northmnhria liu called for missionaries from
anion;; its monks. The first preacher sent in
nnswer to his call ohtained lillli^ success, lie
rieclarcd on his return that amonur a people so
htnbhorn and harharoiis as tlu^ Northumhrian
folk Hu<;c(!.s.s was impossilile. " Was it their
Mtul)l)ornlu^ss or your severity ?" asked Aidan, a
lirotiier sitting hy ; " did you for>;et (Jod's word
to jrive them tho milk (irst and then the meat V"
Al! eyes turned on tlu; speaker as fittest to iin-
derl:kke tlu! abandoned mission, and Aidan, sail-
jni; at their hiddiiiir, fixed his bishop's see in the
island [teninsula of Lindisfarne. 'IMience, from a
monastery which pive to this spot ilsafler name
of Holy Island, preachers poured forth over the
iicathm realms, [lie had great succor. | — lltsr.
oi<' Enu. 1'i;oi'i,i;, 5^ 50.
ftJUMt. SUCCESS vs. HappinesB. <'i/rii.i. Cyrus
wanted this kind of tjlory. He him>elf informs
(IS, that duriiit; the wliole course of his life,
Avhich was |)re1ty lonu;, the happiness of it was
ne\'cr interruiited bv any unforlunale accident;
and that in all his (Icsiirns the success had an-
swered his utmost expectation. Hut heac(|uaints
us at th(! same tinu! with another thintc almost
incredibl(\ and w hich was the source of all that
moderation and (!veiuiess of temjicr so conspicu-
ous in him, and for which lie can never be sulli-
cieiitly admired— namely, that in the midst of
his uninterruiited jirosjierity he still ])reservcd in
his heart a secn^t fear, proceedini; from the ap-
))reheiision of the changes and misfortunes that
might happen ; and this prudent fear was not
only a preservativ(! against insolence, Init even
against inlem[)(;rate jo}'. — IkOi.i.t.s's III si'.. Honk
4, art. ;?, S ;5.
5397. SUCCESS, Jealousy of. ('ohnnhns. Co-
liimfius sailed a second time, with a fleet of seven-
teen ships, and returned after the discovery of
the C'arili'iee Islands and of Jamaica. ]Jut his
^■neiiues, jealous of the reputation he had nc-
"[iiired, laid prevailed on the court of Sjjain to
iseiid along with his tle(,'t an olHcer, who, in the
character of Justiciary might establish such rcg
Illations in tlic new colonies as Avere most for
the advantage of the S|)anish (tovernment This
■officer, on account of some ditTerences between
Columbus and his soldiers, ]>Mt the admiral in
irons on boani his own ship, and returned with
liim a prisoner to Spain, Tlu; court, it is true,
repaired this alTront in 1he best manner |>ossilile.
— Tvn, Kit's Hist., Hook H, ch. 21, p. IJOo.
aJWW. SUCCESS, Joys of. Cuhni.hiix. As he
apppijicheil the shore, Columbus, who was dis-
jMised forall kinds of agreeable iin[iressions was
ilelight(Hl Willi the purity and suavity of the at-
mosphere, the crystal transparency of the se;:,
and the extraordinary beauty of the vegi'tation.
lie beheld also fruits of an unknown kind U])on
the trees which overhung the slicircs. On land-
ing he threw himself on his knees, kissed the
earth, and returned thanks to (Jod with tears of
joy. His example was followed by the rest,
who.se hearts indeed overllowed with the same
iecJings of gratitude. . . . The fcelinL's of the
(TOW now hurst forth in tlio most exiravagam
transports. They had recentiv considennl them
selves devoted men, hurrying forward todestruc
lion ; they now looked upon them.selves as fa-
vorites of fortune, and gave themselvcH up to thn
most unbounded joy. 'I'hey thronged around
the admiral with overllowing zeal, some embrac-
ing him, others kissing his liands. Those who
had been most mutinous and turbulent during
the voyage were now most devoted and entliu-
siaslic. — IiiviNo's Coi.f.Mius, Hook W, ch. 5.
•5:100. SUCCESS, Lines of. (Inicnil Gntnt.
[After lifleen years' military service he resigned
ids commission, and became a farmer near St,
Louis, I His farming did not seem to prosper
much, for his ( rops were not enough to keep the
farm going ; so he hauled wood in wint<'rto('a
rondelet, and sold it by the cord. . . . Hut even
this was not sullicient to su|>porl him comfort
ably, and so he became collector of other peoples'
debts. Hut he was such a poor hand at dun-
ning . . . there ,s<'emed a very jioor lookout fiir
him. [He succecde<l in war, if not in peace.]--
HkADI, lev's (iK.NKIt.M, OltA.NT, p. 41.
5100. SUCCESS, Misunderstood. Jfaiinihn!.
After this great success [in vaiKiuishing the Ho-
man army| Hannibal's friends advised him to
l>iirsiie his fortune, and to enter Itome along
with the fugitives, assuring him that in live days
he might sup in the Cajiitol. It is not easy t(-
conjecture what his reason was for not taking
this step. Most jirobablv some deity opposed it,
and therefore inspired him with this hesitation
and timidity. On this account it was that a
Carthaginian, named Harca, said to him, with
sonu! heat, " Hannibal, you know how to gain a
victory, but not how to use it. " — Pli;taiuii'k
Faiui s Maxi.mis.
5101. SUCCESS a Necessity. Uerohition. The
news of th<' ixecution of Louis XVf. was re
ceived in Fran< c with awe; and terror, and ex-
cited throughout P^urope an outcry of grief and
indignation. Apart from its scandalous injustice
and cruelty, tho crime was n garded, both at
home and abroad, as an act of hostile defiance
launched against all thrones and all establishe(l
governmo'its ; it placed France in a position of
universal aggression and antagonism, " There
is no going back now," e.xclaiined [.lean Paul]
Marat; "we must either prevail or perish!"
And the anny sent a deputation to thank the
Convention for having rcfluced themtoihe ucc^h-
Ki'ti/oi coiKiucriiiL''. — Stidknts' Fkanck, cli. IT,
.5102. SUCCESS overruled. Ahjnndrr. Ale.x-
Miider/after having left i'atala, marched through
the country of the OrilfO. . , . Here he was in
such want of f)rovisioiis, that lie lost a gnat nuni
her of soldiers, and brought back from Indi.'i
scarce the ffairtli part of his armv, which had
consi.stcd of lOO.OOO foot and io.OOO horse.
Sickness, bad food, and the excessive heats had
swept them away in multitudes ; but famine
made a still greal<'r havor' among the troops in
this barren ccaintry, which was neither iiloughed
nor sowed, its inhabitants being savages, wIkj
fared very hard, and led a most uncomfortable
life. After they had eaten all the i)alm-tree roots
that could be nu't with, they were obliged to
feed upon tlie beasts of burden, and next upon
their war horses ; and when lluy had no beasts
043
SUCCKHH.
lA'
«"■
HI.
m'
loft to rarry tlicir hiiffpiRo, tliry were forced to
Itiirn tliosc licli hooIIm, for tlu; sake of wliicli tlic
Maicdoiiiims liad run to llio cxlrcniitics of [\w.
••arlli. The pla^fiic, lli»( usual altciidaMt upon
famine, coniiileted the ealamily of llie soldiers,
and destroyed ^Teat mimhers of tliem. — IJoi,-
j.in'h II18T., Hooli 1"), 5^ 17.
AiOSI. SUCCESS by Ferieveranoe. Ikmontlir.
■iirx. The lirst essay of his elo(|Meiiee was a^^^aiii^i
his guardians, wlioiu \\v. oi)li^ed to rel'und a
part of his rortiiiie. lOneouraned hy this sue-
'■ess, he ventured 'o s|)eak before llie people,
l)Ul with very ill fortune. Me had a weak voice,
an impediment in his speech, and a very short
'licalh ; notw ilhstandiiii; which, his periods were
so lon^', that he was often ol)lii;-e(l to stop in ihe
midst of them to take hreatii. This occasioned
his heinir hissed hy th(! whoh; audience, from
whence; he retired discourau:ed, and delcrndni'd
to renounce forever a function of which he be-
lieved himself inca|)al)le. <)n(! of his auditors,
who, lhrou;;h ail these imperfections, had oli-
served an excellent fund of ffeidus in him, and
a kind of eJoiiia'nc(; wliich cam(! very near that
of rcricics, H;ave liim new sjjirit from the f^ratc-
ful idea of so i::lorious a resend)lance, and )ho
good advice which la; added to it. lie vcntcred,
tlierefore, to appear a second lime before the
l)Oople, and was no better received than before.
As la' witiidrew, hauirinj;; down his head, and in
th(! utmost ciaifusion, Satyrus, on(^ of the most
excellent actors of those times, who was his
friend |trave liim encoura;jfeinent and advice).
He stammci'ed to such a (lej^ree, that he coidd
not i)ronounce some letters, anionic others tiiat
with which Ihr' nam" of the art he studied be-
gins ; and he w isso short-l)reathed that he could
not utter a wlidle ])eriod without -i'i]ipin'/ lie
at Iciiiilh overcanu' these olislacles by i>ultini;-
small [)el)l)les into his iiioulh, uid iironouncinLr
M!vera! verses in that mi. nner without interrup-
tion ; and that even when walking, and going
up steep and ditllcult plai ei ; so that, at last, no
letter ni.aic him hesitate, and his biciilh held out
through the longest ]ierio(ls. He went also to
the seaside, and whili; the; waves were in the
most violent agitati(jn he pronounced harangues,
to accustom himself, by the cord'used noise of the
waters, to Ihe roar of tla; jx'ople and Ihe tunuil-
tuous erics of |)ubli(; assemblies. I)era)stlii'iies
took no less care of his actions than of his voice.
il(; had a largo looking-glass in his house, which
.served to teach him gesture, and at which he
used to declaim bcfon; he sjxike in public. 'Vo
<'orrect a fault which la; had contracted by an ill
liabit, of contiinially shrugging his sluadders,
he i)raeti,sed standing upright in a kind of very
narrow |)ulpit or rostrum, over which hung a
lialbert, in such a manner that, if in the heat of
action that motion escapc^d him, the point of the
wea])on might serve; at (he same time to admon-
ish anil correct him. — Hoi.lin's llisr.. Hook li!,
540-1. SUCCESS, Premature. Chitvhx (liMxhicin-.
f oming to his shop one morning, an Irishm.an in
his employ niet him at the door in high spirits,
saying that h'j had found out the great secret
and beaten a Yankee;, pointing to his trou.sers,
which he had dipped into one of the barrels of
.«;;ip. They were so nicely coated over with the
jrli fining gum that for a moment Mr. Good-
year thought that perhajis Jerry had blundered
into the secret. The man sal down to his work
on the top of a cask. On alleinpting to ri.se, 11
few ndnutes after, he feauid him.self glued to hirt
seat, and his legs stuck tight together. He had
to be cut out of his trousers, amid Ihe laugh-
ter of Ihe bvslanders.— ('v< i.()i'ia)l.\ «)!•• llloo.,
p. VM7.
^KW. SUCCESS, Proof of. KU,ik ll>ir<\ .Ml
the winter of INlt-l") .Mr. Howe W(<rked at hin
machine. His conception of what he intended
to |)i'oduci; was so clear and complete, that ho
was little delayed by failures, but worked 011
with almost .as nnich certainty and steailine.ss a>*
tluamh he laid a model before him. In April ho
sewed a scam by his machine. Hy the iniildle of
.May, li^i'i, 111' iiad completed his work. In luly
he sewed by his machiii"' all the seams of two
suits of woollen clothes — one suit for, Mr. Fisher
anil the other for hiinscir, the sewing of both
of which outlasted the (loth. — ( 'V( l.olM'JM \ oK
Hioo., p. (iS'j.
i>IO«. SUCCESS, Remarkable. Ci'-'l W>n\
l''roni the "Jtllh of .lune to the l^t of Deremlier
[IHKIj (ii'iieral I'i'icc's army inarched over
eight hundred miles (in .Missouri |, averaning
10, 1)00 men during the time. . . . They fouglil.
live battles and at least thirty skirmishes. . . .
Xot a week |>assed without I'ligagementsof soino
sort. They st.irted wiihout a dollar, without n
wagon or team, without a cartridge | having
ritles, shotguns, etc. |, without a bayonet-gun. On
the 1st of .Seiilember they had about eight thou-
sand bayonet-guns, fifty ]iieccs of cannon, four
lumilreil tents, . . . for nearly all of which they
were indeliti'd to their own strong arms in batlh;
and to the prodigality of the enemy. — l'oi.i..\iii)'s
Kiiisr Vivvit oi' iiiK Wah, eh. 5, ji. IT):}.
A407. . Goithfi. A man who, in
I .irl V life, rising almost at a single bound into
111! iiighest re[)Ulalion over all Kuro|)c ; by grad-
ual advances, tixing himself more; anil more!
tirmly in the' reve're'iice of his eountrymi-n, as-
cenels sile'iilly through nianv vie'issitueles to tin;
siiiire'iiu' inlelle'ctual place' among thi'in ; and
now, after half a e'entury, elistinguishe'el by eon-
vidsions, polilie'al, moral, aiiel poe'tii-.d, still
reigns, full of yciirs and honors, with a soft, im-
ilispulid sway ; still l.iboriiig in his voc.ition,
still forwarding, as with kingly bcnigniiy, vvhat-
e've'r e'an ]irotit the; eultiiri uf his n.i/inn ; such a
man niight .justly attraet our notiii', we're itonly
by the singularity of his f'.riinii ('auivi.i;'s
Goi'.TiiK, eh. 1.
540P. SUCCESS, Reputation by. l^(^•(////^'//«//.
Whe'ii |Louisj Kossulh visiie'el the; loiiib eif
Washington, he' stood sile'iit be'fore' it forse'veral
minute's, ;nid the'iisaiel, as he turni'el to leave the;
plaee', "How ni'e'evssary it is to be sueee.s.sful !'
— Cvei.eu'KDi.v e)i'' Hiejei., p. IJOU.
5-I09. SUCCESS, Reputation by. Knt/lis/i V<i,u
b'ls. Vorkshirenu'ii are the Yankees of eilel Kng-
land ; tlie'y are; sharpiT, tougher, more enter-
prising and piTse'vering, less amiable; auel po-
lite', liiaii the people of the more southeTii couii-
lie'sof England. He)ine; eif tliiin are; exe'eeelingly
liarel bargaine'i's, anel very rough in their man-
ners. Take them for all in all, however, the-y
an; the pe'oph' that e'ontributi' mo.st to the stre-ngtli
anel prosperity eif the Hritish empire'; anel it in
not uncommon to nu'e't among them men in
li
SUCCESS— SUFFllAGK.
f.t;;
Mini
nil-
Mill
llli-
tioii,
liiil-
li ^i
Diily
I HI
.•(>nil
rlic
wliom nre happily niilt«!(l the (urvvi of a York-
Mhlreiniiii willi tiic siiuvity of ii inuii of Kent or
HuHMcx. — ('vci.oi'KiHA OK Hioo., p. :i()0.
Alio. SUCCESS, Stepi to. />/-. Morton. I In
tilt; (liscovcry of cllicr. | 'I'hc llioii^lil occtincil lo
tin; yown;^ inuii one iliiy, tliitt ]i('rlmpH ii way
ini;ilit !»<: (iiscovcrcd of Icswcniiij; liiiniiin scrisl-
l)ilily to pitiii. lie liail not received it .scicnlillc
ednculion, nor liail he more .icieiilllle knowle(l);'e
llian an inlcllii^eiit. yoiin;^ niaii would naturaiiy
posMcsM will) had pa.s>4eil Ihroiii^di tlie ordinary
sejiools of a New l'iii;,dand town. Insleud of re-
sorting; to lioolis, or eoiisiillin^ men of seleiice,
lie liei^aii, from lime lo time, loexperiineiil with
various well-known suhstanees, l-'irst lie tried
draii^^hl.''. of wine and lirandy, sometimes to the
inloxieiilioii of the piilieiit ; liiit iis soon as the
instrument was applied, eonseioiisness revived,
and Ion;; before the second tooth wiisoiil, the jm-
lieiit, tlioii;ih not perfectly aware of what was
;;()in;; on, was roarin;; with iii;ony. lie tried
laiidamim in doses of two hundred and three
hundred drops, and opium in masses of ten
;j:raiiis, frcipieiilly renewing; the dose until the
patient would Ik; in acondition truly deploralile.
Dr. Morton records in his diary, that on one oc-
casion h(' ^iiive a lady live hundred drops of lau-
danum ill forty-live minutes, which did indeed
lessen the |iain of Ih'! operation, hut it took her
a wlioh- week lo recover from the cirects of the
narcotic. — Cvci.oI'kdi.v oi'' Hioci., \). OJM.
51 1 1 . SUCCESS, Surprising, Uomous. I'l'lic
first Punic war. | 'I hiis, the Homaiis, aftera war
of tweiily-four years, henun under every disad-
vaiita^fc, desiitiiteof liimnces, totally unprovided
with a Heel, iiid, of course, i;;noraiit of naviita-
lion, were, at leiiiilli, ahU; to prescrihe the most
humilialimc terms to ( 'arthaire, the tirst iiiaritinu!
power in liie «oild. — 'I'v riins llisi., Iliiiik II,
ch. 9, p. ;];i.
5-112. SUCCESS vs. Tactics. .Wi/tohoi, /. [ After
the battle of l.iidi| said an Austrian j^eiieiiil iii-
dii^nantly :. . , " This beardliss boy oiiirht to have
been heatcii over and ovi'r airaiii ; for w ho ever
saw such tactics ! The blockhead knows nolliini;
of the rules of war. To-da}' he is in our rear,
to-morrow on our Hank, and the next day au:aiii
in our front. Such ;!;ro.ss violations of the cstab
lished principles of war arc insiiirerable." — An-
jioTT's N-\r()i,i;oN B., vol. 1, ch. i).
5413. SUCCESS, Unenjoyed. JnHhs ('<vs,ir.
lie wa.s "xrowiiiii: wea: 3 of th(! thankless burden.
He wa.s heard often to say that he had lived Ioiil;
enough. iMon of hiiih nature do not tiiid the
task of jjovernini; their fellow-creatures ])articii-
larly deliglitful. — Fkoi;i)i;'s C.ksak, ch. ~(i.
6-114. SUCCESS, Want of. funeral Crunt. A
strong man by uatiin!, . . . he had to learn by
failures how to win ultimate success. . . . We
tind that both he and IShernian, who, at the close
of the war, stood up as our foremost generals,
<'ame very near being removed from command
for their mistakes, or, at least, want of success.
. . . The (jovernment was determined to consign
<}rant to disgrace, and would have done so but
for the strenuous, persistent elTorts of a single
friend, Mr. Washburne. — IIe.\I)I,i-;vs Gknkk.m-
Okant, p. 2.").
5415. SUCCESS by Weakness. UritLih. Din-
ing many years the great British monarchy,
nndor four suceeHMJve princes of the house of
Stuart, was .scarcely 11 more important member
of the Kiiropeati system than the little kingdom
of .Scotland had previously been, 'i'his, how
ever, is little lo be regrctled. Of .lames I., as of
.lohn, it may Im; said, that if his adminisiralion
had been able and splendid, it would probably
have been fatal to our country, and that weo\\e
more to his weaknesses and mealinesses than li>
the wisdom and courage of miieh belter somi
I eigiis, — .Macmlav's I'i.Mi., ch. 'J, p, (l.l,
I 5II<(. SUCCESS, Well earned. Amlr.ir .1,1, „■
I Hon, On the day idler llie assassination of .Mr.
I Lincoln, .\iidrew .lohiisoii took Ibeoalhof of-
j lice, and became {'resident of the I'niled .Stales.
I lie was a native of North Carolina, born in l!.i-
Icidiouthe'-Mllhof December, IMON. Willi lioail
i vaiilagcs of education, he jiassed his bo\ hood In
! poverty and ni'glect. In IH'^'li lie removed with his
' niolher to Tennessee, and settled at (iieeiiv ille.
Here he was niarried to an intelligent lady, who
taught him to wi'ite and ci|)lier. Hi re, by dint
of native talent, force of will, and sireiiiilh of
character, he llrst earned the applause of jiis b I-
low-meii. — l.'ni'ATMs t'. S.,cli. (57, ]). ."ill
5117. SDiFERINOS, Unspeakable. Dr. .1/-.//.
H(! was one of the eminent men ( iimniissioin-d
by the government lo examine the prisoners of
war whom .lelVersoii Davis had siaived and tort-
ured at Andersoiiville, Salisbury, and Melle Ish'.
On his return, he was asked whether the newspa-
per reports of their condition were exaiigerateil.
" .My dear boy," lie exclaimed, with horror de-
jiicled on his countenance, "you can form no
idea of the ]ioor, shrivelled, wasted victims. In
the whole course of my surgical experience, iioi
e\ce|)tiiig the most jiaiiiful oiierations on de-
formed limbs, 1 have ne\-er sull'cred so ,,iuch in
my life at the sii;ht of anything, I care not what
It is. It unnerved me. I fell sick." This, re-
member, was the testimony of a man who, for a
period of sixty live years, had been in the eon
slant habit of witnessing human siilTering in
every form, who bad Urtd in the hospitals of
the great cities, and who was a gentleman of un-
impeachable veracity. —('v(i,oi'i;i>i.\ ok I'ido.,
p. \'\"l.
54: !*. SUFFRAGE, Perils of universal. /', I, r
Slin/risidil . v.i). I(».")ll. I The eoliiiiislsdemand-
edj •• that no new laws should be eiiacteil but
witli the (uniseiil of the ])co]ile, that none shall
be aii[)ointed to ollice but with the apiiidbation
of the i)Co])le. ' . . . Stiiyvesant was taken by sur
prise. He had . . . doubtsof man's caiiacily for
self-government. . . . Hisrejily, . . . "Shall the
peojile elect their own ollicrrs '.' If . . . the dec
lion of magistrates Ik; left to the rabble, every
mar. will vote for one of his lAvn stanij). The
thief will vote for a thief, the sniiigglcT for a
smuggler, and fraud and vice will become priv-
ileged." — IJ.vncuoft's U. S., vol. 2, ch. I.').
511». SUFFRAGE, Universal. Virtjinin. Vir-
ginia was the lirst State in th^' world, composed
of separate boroughs, diffu.sed over an extensive
surface, where the government was organized on
till' i)rincii)l(! of universal suffrage. All free-
men, without exception, were entitled to vote.
An attempt was once made to limit the right to
lion.se-kec))ers ; but the public voice reproved
the restriction ; tlu; very next ye.ir it wa.s decid(;d
to be " hard, and unagreeable to reason, that
U44
HLICIDK.
1 ■/
niiy iKTMoii hlioiilil puycrnial taxes, iiiiil yrl Imvn
no votes ill fli'tlioiis ;" and tin- clcclonjl fnin-
<hiH4> was rc'jtloretl. — HANruoKT'M I'. S., vol. 1,
ell. (I.
A 140. SUICIDE averted. \„ih,1>oii f. |IIc
liiid liccii (lc;ri'a(l('(l in I'uiik nt'tcr iirrcsl i>ri fal.s<>
cliarps. lit- soiii,dif. inililuiv crnploynicnt, unil
wax M'l usido for IIk- favorites of tlic itoverii-
nieiit, II(^ was iiiipoverislied. Iriiiiili iied, mid
diHcoiiraiced. | rr;,'e(l hy animal iiistiiu t toes(a|ie
]iron|ieels so jjloomy, and from sorrows. I wan-
dereil aloiii; the lianli. of tlie river, fei lini; tliat
it was iinmanly to commit. Niii( ide. aixi yet im-
idile to resist tie' temptation to (io so. In a lew
more momeiit-i I slioiild liavi; tlirowii my>e|f into
llie water, w lien I ran iij^aiiist an individual
ili(,'s,sed like a simple iiieelianic. fit proved toiw
,1 former comrade in his artillery regiment.] lie
iiad emi;rraled, and had returned lo France in
<lisirilise to see his ai^ed mother, file ollered
Naiioleoii a licit of p)ld for tluMclicf of hisc.\-
lleil mollier, which was joyfully accfpteil, . . .
jind alterward repaid tenfold.] — Aiiikitt's Aa-
I'oi.KoN H., vol. 1, cli. ;!.
Cil'2i, SUICIDE, Cause of. S,i i,ii,l Johnson.
'\^'v talked of lh(! inelaiich'-Iy eiitl of a ircntlenmn
who had destroyed himself. .Iomnson : " It
was owiniflo imaginary dillictiilties in hisalTairs,
M'hicli, had he talked (d' with any friend, wonid
soon have vanished." Mohw Ki.i, : "J)o you
think, sir, that all who cotiiinit suicide are mad'/"
.loiiNHo.N ; "Sii, they aii; often not universally
disordered in their IntcllcctH, liul one passion
jiresscs so upon them, that they yield to it, and
cominit suicide, as ii passionate man will stab
another." — Hoswkm.'s Joiinhon, p. 200.
5122. SUICIDE, Cowardice of. AmivirimTud-
iaiiM. The sava;,'e liclicvcd that to every man
there is an ai)pointed lime to die ; to anticipate
that period hy suicide was the ineane-i kind of
cowardice.— n.vNcitoi'T'w U. S., vol. ,>, eh. 23.
5'l2:t. SUICIDE deterred. liaijovnn. Ahhott.
[One of the most useful Methodist ministers dur-
iii;;; his (."hristiaii "'fe was an e.\cee(lin>.fly wicked
man in his pri'vio life, llelon^stru^fricd -v^jth
an awakened conscience]. " .Satan sc^j^a'sted lo
me that my day of uraee was over; tlien^fore I
mii^ht jiray and cry, hut he was sure of me at
last." In passiiiij thi'oui,di ti lonely wood iit iiifjlit
he was templed to commit suicide ; but while
iookiiiir for a suitahli! jilace forth(! deed. In was
deterred liy an inward voi('e, which .said, " This
torment is iiothini^ comiiared to hell." — Sri;-
vi:nh' y[. E. Cm Hcu, vol. 1, j). ISIH.
5121. SUICIDE, Dyspeptic's. Mr. Bauielerk
said [to Samuel ,lc)linson|: 3Ir. , who loved
buttered inullins, but durst not eat them because
they disai^rced with his stomach, resolved to
shoot himself; and then he eat thi'ee buttered
muilins for breakfast, befon; shootini:' him.self,
knowin^jf that he should not betroubUd with iii-
di.i^estion ; lie had two charf^ed pistols ; one was
found lyinj^ charjred upon the table by him,
after he had shcjt himself with the other. — Bos-
WKi.i.'s Johnson, p, ^llO.
5425. SUICIDE, Escapu by. DtinoHthcufs. [llav-
in.i,', in the downhill of (}reece, tied for t-.ww-
tuary to the temple of Neiitunc. Soldiers came
to arrest liiin. lie asked them to wait until he
had sent his last mes.sa.s^c to his family.] Then
he relJK I into the inner pari .>f the leniplo ; aiid
takiiii; some papei, as if lie meant to wril4>, ho
pMi liie pen in his mouth, and bit it ^i consider'
able time, a.s he used to do when IhoUfrhlfii!
about his (I ni|N)silion ; after which lie covered
his hrail and jail it in k reclining posture. Tho
soldiers who stood at the door, upiireheiidiii^
that he look these methods to |. d. ofT Ihe fulal
stroke, laughed at him, and called him a coward.
Arehias then ii|iproachiiig him desired him to
ri^e, and began to repeal th«' promises of mukliig
his iieaci! with Antipalei. Demosthenes, who
by ihis time felt the operation of lh(! poison ho
had taken strong ujion him, uncovered his face,
jiml looking upon Arehias, " Now," said he,
"you may act the part of Creoii in the play as
soon iis you |)lease, and cast out Ihis carcu.ss of
mine uiiburied. Kor my part, () gi.icious Ne|i-
lune ! 1 (piit thy temple willi my breath within
me. Hut .\nlipalerand the MaeedoniaiiM would
not have scrupled to [irofaiie it with murder."
15y Ihis time he could scarcely stand, and there-
fore desired tlieiii lo su|)port him. Jhit, in at-
teinpling to walk out, befell by the altar, and
expired with ag;-"an. — l'i.rT.\ucii.
5.|2«. SUICIDE, Gloriflcation of. Slolcimn.
Its favoril, I heme was Ihe glorilieation of suicide,
whieh wiser moralists hail severely reprobated,
but which many Stoics belaudcci as the one sure
refuge against oiipression and outrage. It wan
a philosophy which was indeed able to la('erat((
lh( heart with a righteous indignation against
the crimes and follies of mankind, but which
vainly .'-trove to resist, and which .scarcely v\cn
hoped t(jstcin, IIk; everswidling tide of vice and
misery. For wretcbedne.ss it had no pity ; on
vi( (• if looked wiih impotent disdain. — Fauuaii's
Fahi.y Days, eh. 1, p. I).
5 127. SUICIDE, Mania for. Willlnm Cowprr.
First he liought laudanum, and had g( mic out into
the llelds with tlu^ iutention of swallowing it,
wh"n Ihe lovcMd" life suggested another way of
escaping the dreadful ordi ,>l. He might sell all
he had, lly to France, change iiis religion, and
bury him.self in a monastery, lie went hoiiutto
pack up ; but while he was looking over his jKirt-
manteau, his mood ch.iiiged, and he again re-
solved on self-destruction. Taking a coach, he
ordered the eo;u hman to drive to the Tower
Wharf, intending to throw himself into the river.
Hut the love of life once more interposed, under
the giii.se of a low tide and a jiorter seateclon tlu!
(piay. Again in tin; coach, and afterward in
his chambers, he tried to swallow the laudanum ;
but his hand was piiraly/.ed by " the convincing
Spirit," aided by ,sca.sonabl(! inteiru])lion8 from
Ihe presence of his laundress and her husband,
and at length he threw tin laudanum away. On
Ihe night before the day api)ointed for Ihe ex-
amination before the Lords, he; lay .some time
with Ihe ])oint of bis ])enkiiife jircssed against
his heart, but without courage to drive it lioine.
Lastly, he tried to hang himself ; and on Ihis oc-
casion h(! .seems lo have been .saved not by the,
love of life, or by want of re.solutinn, but by
mereaccident. He had be( nine in.sensilile, when
the garter by which he was suspended broke,
and his fall brought in the laundress, who sup-
posed him to be in a lit. lie sent her to a friend,
to whom be related all that had i)as.sed. —
Smith's Cowi'LIi, ch. 1.
SIK IIM.-Sl PKKS'll HON.
1,1,-.
AVjn. BUICIDE.PUiloMi no. .\f<i)rii.« r->irt,(i,
I'liio. [("iiNiir Imd (IflVud'il ".•>• uriiiv of I'ltiiipcy
iiiul Ciild near r lien | 'I'licsp.! ii-«()f Ills \\.i\\y vsi ic
hut ('(|iim1 til liJH own, uiiiI vuiiui of Lis Iriciids
' riituiiiiif to liiiit u vviiili lor II (iiiicly ciiplliilii-
lion. I iil'> <i)uii.,i'|lc{| ill, 11, Id |ir()\i(lo iis Ilicy
jiiili;cil lie ' ' Hllicii' (i\vii .Hiirt'ly. A Iter sii|)|ic|-,
lllll'lll|r will li \w ('IIIIVI'l"'<>ll vvitll Ills 11 Mlilh'lUH'r-
I'liliicss, III- rciircd to his ii|, irtniciit, mill for ii
•wliilr iircii|)ii'il liiiiiMiM ill pcriisiiiif I'liito's " I »iii-
lo.'<ii(i on llir Iiiiiiioihilily of tin; Soul," lie tlicii
<'nni|)os('ii hiinsclf to >^l i|>. iiii'l iifli-r n short ri--
;)o.s«!, inniilrjiiif wlicliicr his friends liail hiivcM
lluMiis \es liy lli|;lil, mid liciii!^ Mssiiri'd lliiit •
wiLS Well. Ill) ciilinly fell upon Idsswnnl. — 'I '^ i-
i.Kii'H Hist., Ilook4,<li. 2, p. 41'^.
fkl'M. SUICIDE, Remorseful, S/i<''ii/'s j' rst.
Wife. 'I'lio liii that oinc^ w:is diarrst |.. him Im'I
fndod tliiiM ill misery, desertion, uaiii. '1.
/iiiitiuT of his two children, aliaiidoiied l>y hoili
her hiishiind and her Iom r, and driven from Ik r
fiitlior's Ik Pine, had drowned herself after a I rief
Ntrui^^lc! with eircumstiince. However Slnlley
may liiive felt that Ids . iiii.sciencn was free from
Illume, how ever small an eleincnt of self reproach
may Icivc minuled with liis prrief and horror,
there IS no iloiihi that he siilTeii 1 most nciilely.
His deepest jiroiiiid for remorse n'cms to have
been the conviction that he hud driiwii Harriet
into II sphere of thoii;4'lit and f( linir for which
she was not (|u.'iliticd, and lliiil had it not heeii
for lilin and his oiiinioiis, she miirhl have lived
•a h.-ippy woiii:in in .some cninmon walk of life.
< )nc of his l>iotjrapli( I -1 asserts that " Ik^ coii-
liniKMl to l'(^ haiinliMl iiy certain recolleclioiis,
partly rcnl ;iii(l partly iiuatfinative, which pursu-
ed him ' .e an ()re.■^l(^."— •■sVMOMis' SlIKI.I.I.V,
ch. 4.
5i:{0. SUMMER, Land of. .\ ./V,'. ('.iro/nm.
In spite of l.ocUe'.s grand model and the Tii^-
(••irorii w.ir. in spite of the ihrealeiicd Spanish
iii'-asioii ' I 17(1, tlieiiiirtheni coliiiiy li.id tircM'ly
piiispiii i 'riieillli llectllal devrlopiih lit of Ihe
licoiile h.id not liri n iis rapid as ilic urnwih in
iiiimhers and in wealth I.ilile aliiiilion li:id
hccn ,L,M\( II to ([iicsiions III' M ' 1 ion. Thci' w.i--
no minister in the proviiH iinlil llii:!. 'I'wu
years later the lirsL cliiin I, w.is Iniili. 'I'Ih lir~i
court lioiise was erected in 17:2'^, and the piiiniiii:
press did iiol lieijin its work until 17'>t, Uni the
peojile wen; lirave and ])atrii)lic. 'I'Im y liAnl
their counlry, and called ji Ij.e ■ Land of Sum
mer. " In tiie farm house and the villaLje, alou:;
the banks of the rivers and the Imniirs of the
]irinieval forests, (jh! spirit of lilurty jiervadcd
every breast. 'The love of fi i duin was intense,
and hostility lo t\ lanny a iii. \crsal jias'-i' ii. In
till! times of Soihcl il was said of the North
("aroliiiians II, ii they would not ]iay tribiiti' ta/t
lo ^'iMiH'.— Uii)i'.\'rii s r. S., ch. "-'7, p •2,!).
5I»I. SUMMONS, Exasperating. T/w. Blurh
Prinre. The success of Henry of Trustaniara
decided him to taki immediale action, and in
18(}'J he summoned ilie Black I'lini e, a.s Dukcof
Aipiitaine, to meet the iijipeal of the Gascon
lords in his court The prince w as maddened by
the .summons. ' I will come," he i. plied, ' hi.t
with helmet on head, and " ith sixty thon.sand
uienntmy back." -Hist, oi IOng. Peoi'i^k, ^JiW.
5432. SUN, Worship of the. PiTs/aris. Tho
Persians of every age have denied the iliarge,
and explained Ih" cipiivocal c(>ndii(t. \\liicli
iiiighl ap|M'ar to u>v c a color lo il The eh menls,
iiinl more piirticiiliirly tire, light, and the huh,
whom they called Milhra, were the objects of
their reli' I'His revi eiice, liecau>c they coiisidcreil
them as III' pun >i symbols, ihe nohlcsi |irodnc
lions, and the most powcilul au'ciil'' of ihe l)i
\ iiie power and nature. — (iiniui.s's Jvomi , ch. s.
p. •,':;
5.|:i!|. SUNDAY, BurdeuHome. Sni,',l ./-/■
Kiiii. It WHS a heavy day with me whin 1 w \'. ,.
boy. .My niolhcr conllncd nie on that day. uid
niiide me read " The Whole 1 )iity nf Man.'' Itniii
a trreat part of whiih 1 could derive no instrm
lion. When, for instance, I had read the clnip
ler on theft, whii h, from my infancy, I had
hcoM taught was \'. iniig, I was ni> more convinced
that theft was w i iiig Ihan befoie ; vo there was
n.' ae( cssion of knowlcdj;!'. — lloi.vv Ki.i.'s .Ioiin-
SON. p, I:
ft l!M. SUNDAY SCHOOLS, Farmers'. .Inhn It'm
j/<tii. l( I ligioii waH not la ,gli' at school, it
wiiM taughi with some care in the (ottages ami
farm-houses by jaii its and masters. It was
common in iniiiiy pm ^ of lOnglanil, as I ,ie n~.
th(! end of tins lll^. utiiry, for the fariiHis to
gather tocir aporentices alxiut Ihcin on Sunday
afternoons, aiu. lo teach them the ('ate< lii-.m
Hude as was lluiiyan s home, religions notions
of some kind liaii been enrlv and vividly ini
pressed upon him -Kkoi ui; s Minv.v.n. 'h I
ftiJIft. SUNDAY SCHOOLS, Fruit. /.' m'
In HIO. . .anewordcrof poliiicians v\ is, ,i||i ,|
into iiction, "The Sunday si liooU of iln' |>ii
ceding thirty years had |iroduced in.aliv work
l"iincnof Milliiitiit talent to hec iine readers,
\ liters, and spiakers in the vill.iL'i ineetings for
r irliiimeniary IJclurm, . . . l!v such v.irious
1' Ills, aii.sioii.s listrtiei's at lii'-l,and then /i il
.-- I'lOMlvtes, wci'i dr.avvn from the collages of
(piiet nooks and iriiul. ,, to the weekly nail
in ITS and discuss, s of ihe Hampden ilub--, —
Knioim -. i;.\(i., V I. 8, (h. ."», p ;;;
.Vl.'Ui. SUPERSTITION, Absurdity of. /'.'/-,»/
I Topi' I Ah'\aniler \T. . . . and his la > 'liir son.
I a's.u' IJori-ia, conliiiii'd to practise cv. r\ ed'uii
of ' 111 bilious villainy w ■ increase their pi wrr and
aciiimnl.ito wealth. 'Ihe personal csiaii i.t the
canlinals on their de:iili dixolvcd lo the pope,
and many an nnliapj'V ( ardinal died siniiieiily
dining tills ]ioiitilicaie. Horuiii. by force oi
amis, made liim.sclf niasli i of the lerrilories of
some of the iiehc'-t of the llali.an iiobh s l''i.iir
ol them he invited to a Irii iidly coiifen me.
under the most solemn prolesiations of aniica
ble iiileiitions, and he massacred two of tlieiu
by ambuscade. \'iti Hi. oiii! of these v\ i itched
victims, is said to Iklvc entreated I'.ori'ia, his
murderer, to ask of the jiope. his father, a plen-
ary indulgence for him in Ihe iironicN of deiuh
Such is tho deplorable weakness oi superstition
that can attri'uite tothcinost iliandoned of men
the ]iow< • of ]iardo!iing all itTcnees against the
Deiiy vti.kk's Hist,. I..H,k (i, ch. 14. p. 2-'I.
ft4a7. SUPERSTITION. Aid of. (V,<irk» Vlf.
[He was ofiposed by the l)ukeof lhir!.''un(ly. one
of the most iiowerfnl princes in l-inroix- When
he reiovered his lather's throncl the kingdom
w;is nearly exhausted liy war. ... In this dis-
Irevsed situation nf , 'ranee, Chiirlrs, availing
<^,
IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-S)
1.0
I.I
m. 12.5
-.,. I
■^ 1^ 12.2
IE
1
'^ l^- '
4
6 "
►
l%Dtographic
Sciences
Corporation
23 WEST MAIN STREET
WEbSTER.N.y. 14580
(716) S72-4S03
'V-
o^
^A,"-4.^S.»i^.
■91
64C
SUPEIISTITION.
liims('!f ol tlie Huporstifion of the njje, projected
an cxtraorilirmry .scheme for the recovery of his
kingdom, l)y feijrning tin interposilioii from
Heaven in liis favor. A gentleman, of tiie name
of IJaudricourt, saw a younj,' servant maid at an
inn in Lorraine, wliom he immediately conceived
io t)e a tit person for i)iaying a very extraordi-
nary jiart. Siie was t. uj,dii lier cue, ami made
to connterfeit ii divine inspiration. Tiiey car-
ried iier before llic kin<.^, wlicre tiieansvvers dial
•were put in lier nioiitli and the demoMior wliich
she as,siime(i convinced everybodj' tliat slie was
inspire I. (M-leans was, at ill's time, besieged liy
th(! Enjflisli. Joan of Arc, tliis lieroic mai(l,
■wiio had now assumed the dn^ss of ii man, un-
dertook to relieve the town and compel the En;^-
lisli to abandon the enterprise. SIk; put her.self
at tlie head of tlie French troo]is, attacked, beat,
and dispersed the English, who believed her lo
be the devil himself, delivered Orleans, and
l)laced the crown upon Oharles' head in the
church of Uheims. Slu; proceeded for some time
in Miiscaieerof success, till she wii-s at last taken
prisoner at Compiegnc. The regent IJedford,
cither in a tit of passion, or to satisfy the revenge
of the Engli^i, instead of respecting, as he ought
to have done, this singular instance of intrepidity
in one of her sex, was prompted to behave with
meanness and cruelty. She was tried as a here-
tic and sorceress by an ecclesia.stical tribunal,
iind condcnnned an(f burnt at Rouen. — Tvti.kk'.s
llrsT., Book 4, ch. 13, p. 200.
Sit3H, . Athorddiin. A considera-
ble party of the citizens, however, were secretlj'
hostile to the usurpation f)f Pisistratus. Tlie
faction of the AleciniconidiC, of whom the chiefs
■were Megacles and Lycurgus, gained at length
so much strength as to attack and expel the
usurper from the city. The stratagem by which
he regained his power is a .singular instance of
the force of superstition. He procured a beauti-
ful female to personate the goddess of Minerva.
Seated on a loftv chariot, she drove into the city,
while her attendants proclaimed aloud that their
tutelary deity hiid deigned in person to visit
them, and to demand the restoration of her fa-
vorite Pisistratus. A general acclamation hailed
the auspicious presence, and all paid ol)cdience
to the lieavenlv summons. — Tytlkr's Hist.,
Eook 1, ch. 10, 'p. 110.
5139. SUPERSTITION, Alarm of. Europe.
The summer which followed the close of the
American war is described as " an amazing and
portentous one." There were alarming meteors
and tremendous thunder-storms. For many
weeks of .Tune, July, and August the sun was
<louded over with a smoky fo^ that proceeded
from whatever quarter tlie wind blew. At noon
it cast " a rust-colored, ferruginous light ;" at ris-
ing and setting it was " lurid and blood-colored."
The phenomena prevailed over the wdioleof Eu-
rope. The people looked with superstitious awe
on the "disastrous twilight." — Knuuit's Eng.,
vol. 7, ch. 1, ]). 1.
5440. SUPERSTITION, Appeal to. Roman
Emperor Coitntaiitius. [Ambassadors from the
usurper ^lagnentius asking alliance. ] Such prop-
ositions and such argumerts appeared to de-
s<'rve the most serious attention ; the answer
of CJonstantius was deferred till the next day ;
and lis he had reflected on the importance of
justifying a civil war in Ihc opinion of tlie peo-
l)le, he thus addre,s.Hed his council, who listened
with real or alTected ciedulil} : ** La.st night."
.said he, " after I retired to rest, the xhade of the
great (.'onstantine, embracinjj the corpse of my
murdered brother, rose before my eyes ; his
well-kr.own voice awakened me to revenge, for-
bade me to d(!spair of the republic, and assured
me of the success and immortal glory which
would crown the justice of my arms." — Giu-
hon's P.omk, ch. 18, p. 15)0.
5-141. . ,Min F)nith. Ho fought
like a lion at bay, tied one of his gui(l(« to his
left arm for a buckler, ran and fired by turns,
stumbled into a morass, and was tinally over-
taken. The savages were still wary of their
dangerous antagoni.st until he iaid down his gun,
made signs of surrender, and was pulled out of
the mire. Without exhibiting Mie least signs of
fear. Smith demanded to see the Indian chief,
and on being taken into the jnesence of that
dignitary, began lo excite his interest and curios-
ity by showing him a pocket compa.ss and a
wat<,'h. These mysterious instruments struck
the Indians with awe ; and profiting by tlie mo-
mentary advantage, the pri.soner began to draw
figures on the ground and to give liis captors
.some rude lessons in geography and astronomy.
The savages were amazed, and listened for an
hour, but then grew tired, bound their captive
to a tree, and prepared to .shoot him. At the
critical moment he flourished his compass in the
air, as though performing a ceremony, and the
Indians forbore to shoot. His sagacity and
courage had gained the day, but the more ap-
]ialling danger of torture was yet to be avoided.
The savages, however, were thoroughly super-
stitious, and became afraid to proceed against
him, except in the mo.st formal manner. He
was regarded by them as an inhahitant of
another world, whom it was dangerous to touch.
— lliDi'ATUs U. S. . ch. 9, p. 99.
544(2. SUPERSTITION— ASTROLOGY. Charles
IT. [In 1647 Charles II., when about to flee
his kingdom, consulted by a female agent an
astroloj^er to ascertain where he should :ieek
refuge.] — Kntoiit's Eng., vol. 4, ch. 5, p. 82.
544.1. SUPERSTITION, Beneficial. Pentiknce.
The priests, to put a stop to this calamity, which
threatened to depopulate the city, tried every
expedient which policy or superstition could
devise. A J^ectiHternium was celebrated, and
scenic representations were for the fir.st time in-
Irod u'cd at Home, borrowed, it is said, from
Etruria. But i.ll was lo no purpose. The
plague, hov.ever, is recorded to have yielded at
last to the ceremony of driving a nail into the
temple of Jujiiter. This, a French writer re-
marks, was curing one contagious disea.sc by
another yet more contagious ; meaning, no
doubt, thiit the encouragement of .superstition is
worse than the pestilence — a sentiment winch \*
not happily apjilied to the case of a rude people,
whose superstitious prejudices are the safeguard
of their morals, and will be cherished by a wise
legislator as an engine of good policy. — Tyt-
ler's Hist., Book 3, ch. 6, p. 351.
5444. SUPERSTITION, Common. England.
A.D. 1642. All men had a touch of superstition.
Evelyn looks with wonder upon " a shining cloud
in the air, in shape resembling a sword." Aftef
SL PEliSTITIOX.
047
Ihc biitlle of Edfjcliill, " in ilic very j)Ia('(! wliore
till- battle was Htricken, Imvc; siiici,' and doth iip-
|H'ar strange and portentous apparitions of two
jiiniiiir and contrary armies." So records a
iriict ill wliicli the apparitions and i)rodi;;ioiis
noises of war and l)attles are certified tiy a jns-
licc (iftlie j)eace. a preaclKM', and otlier persons
of (niiility. — Ivnkiht'h Encj., ch. 8, ^ ;i(), j). 4!»4.
r» 1 15.' SUPERSTITION, Controlled by. W(xt
.liidi'i/in. [('oliinil)us was sliipwreclicd on his
Ihinl vnyai^e, aj^ed, sicli, and fanuslii;iff,] Tliey
withheld all provisions, in hopes either of starv-
inu' the admiral and his i)eople, or of drivinic
them from lh(. island. In this extremity a
fortunate idea presented itself to ('oinmhus.
Trom his knowledge of astronomy, lie ascer-
tained that, within three days, there woulil he a
total eclipse of the moon in the early ])art of th(;
night. Jle sent, therefore, an Indian of ilis-
])aniola, who served as his interpreter, to sum-
mon the principal caciques to a grand confer-
ence, appointing for it tiie day of the eclipse.
When all were assembled, he told them by his
interpreter that lie and his followers were wor-
shippers of a Deity who dwelt in the skies, who
favored such as did well. This great Deity, he
added, wasinccn.sed against the Indians wlio re-
fused to furni.sh bis faithful worshippers with
])rovisions, and intended to chastise th.em with
famine and pestilence. Lest they should disbe-
lieve this warning, a signal would be given that
night. They would behold the moon change its
color and gradually lose its light — a token of the
fearful punishment which awaited them. — Iiiv-
ixo's CoLUMUus, Book 16, ch. 3.
5446. SUFEBSTITION, Cowardice of. .Vr.ri-
riiiis. Scarce had Cortez appeared tipon the
frontier, when a sudden consternation seized the
whole empire, anr' paved the way for an easy
(onquest. The ships, the arms, the dress of the
Spaniards, made the Americans regard them at
tirst as beings of a superior nature. When Cor-
tez arrived at the city of Mexico, lie was re-
ceived by the prince, Montezuma, with every
mark of reverence and submission. — Tvti.kk's
Hist., Book 6, ch. 21, p. 309.
5447. SUPERSTITION, Credulity of. Z<rah
f'lilehurn. [The wonderful matliematician. See
Xo. 3532.] Some people thought him a conjurer.
A woman came to him one day, saying that
t wenty years ago she had had some spoons stolen,
and asked him where they were. One good
lady said that, in her opinion, Gid had endowed
the child with a miraculous gift in order that he
might explain the mysterious numbers of the
prophecies. Some people manifested a certain
degree of terror in his presence, as though he
were ])ossessed of the devil. What added to the
marvel was, that the boy was totally unable Xo
explain the processes by which he effected his
calculations. . . , " Gou put it into my head,"
he said, one day, to an inquisitive lady, " but I
cannot put it into yours." — Cycloi'kdia ok
lUod., p. 81.
544§. . American Indian. TIk;
medicine man boasts of his power over the ele-
ments ; he can call water from above, beneath,
and around ; he can foretell a drought, or bring
rain, or guide the lightning; ... he conjures
the fish ; ... he can pronounce spells . . . which
will compel the beaver to rise uj) from beneath
the water ; ... he can . . . draw the heart of
a woman. . . . If an evil spirit has introduced
disea.se, . . . the medicine man can put it to
llighl.— B.XNCiioKT's U. S., vol. 3, ch. 22.
5440. SUPERSTITION, Depressed by. AkJ--
(iinlcr. The Chaldean ])riests of Babylon had
approjiriated to their own use the riches and rev-
enue of the temple of Belus, which was the or-
nament of that city, and a great object of super-
stitious veneration. Alexander had expressed a
purpose of reforming this abuse, and the Chal-
deans, to avert his design, had i)iiblished a pre-
diction that his entry into Babylon would be
fatal to tlu! coiu[ueror of the Kast. Alexander
lirobably saw through this artifice, and despised
it. He entered Babylon in triumph, and was so
ilelighte<l with the si)lendor i)f that great city,
that he declared his purpose of making it the
cai)ital of his empire. He there received am-
bassadors from \ arious regions of the earth, con-
gratulating him on his conquests, and soliciting
his friendship and alliance ; but mark the force
of superstition even in tlie greatest minds.
The Chaldean prophecy, in spite of reason, de-
])ressed his spirits to such a degree as to force
iiiin to drown reflection by every species of riot
and debauchery. The consequence was an in-
flammatory fever, which, after a few days' con-
tinuance, put an end to his life, in the thirty-
third year of his age. — Tytlku's Hist. , Book 2,
ch. 4, p. 193.
5450. SUPERSTITION from Ignorance. An-
cient Germans. The same ignorance whidi ren-
(h.'i's barbarians incapable of conceiving or em-
bracing the useful restraints of laws, exposes
them naked and unarmed to the blind terrors of
superstition. The German priesls, improving
this favorable temper of their countrymen, had
assumed a jurisdiction, even in temporal con-
cerns, which the magistrate could not venture to
exercise ; and the haughty warrior patiently sub-
mitted to the lash of correction when it was in-
flicted, not by any human power, but by the im-
mediate order of the god of war. — Gihuon's
BoME, ch. 9, p. 270.
5451. SUPERSTITION, Incredible. Fird Cm-
K((ik. Above eighty thousand ranged themselves
under the banner of Peter the Hermit, who
walked at their head with a rope about his waist,
and sandals on his feet. Peter's lieutenant was
Walter the Ptiwiyless, and in the van of his troops
were carried a sacred goo.se and a goat, which,
(monstrous to believe !) were said to be filled with
the Holy Ghost. This immense and disorderly
mvdtitude began their march toward the East in
the year 109."). They made the first essay of
their arms, not upon the unbelievers, but on
their fellow-Christians. The first exploit which
signalized the expedition was the taking of a
small Christian city in Hungary, which had re-
fused to starve its own inhabitants by .supplying
such a tribe of hungry locusts with provisions.
This impious city was stormed and pillaged, and
the inhabitants massacred. — Tyti.ek's Hist.,
Book 6, ch. 9, j). 154.
5452. SUPERSTITION, Inhumanity of. i^ylla.
Sylla gave the people a magnificent entertain-
ment, on account of his dedicating the tenth of
his substance to Hercules. The provisions were
so overabundant, that a great quantity wtta
thrown every day into the river ; and the wine
I.
CAS
slim:kstith)N.
Ihixt wiiH drank \va.M forty yeiirw old tit loiist. In
tlie midst, of tins feasting;, which last.-d many
•lays, Mctclla sickened and died. As the ijriesi's
forbade him to apfiroach her, and to hav(^ his
house deliled with mourning, he sent iK^r a hill
of divorce, and ordertul lier to he carried to an-
other house while lh(! l)reath was in her hodv.
Jlis 8iii)erstition ma<le liim very punclilions ii;
observing these laWHof the priests. — I'j.utaiu.h is
bVM-A.
mait. SUPERSTITION, Inventions of. Jui,;/
Phili/t'H \V(ir. The nuuds of the English were
jippalliMl by the horrors of the im|)ending con-
flict, and superstition indulged in its wild inven-
tions. At tiio time of the eclipse of the moon
you might have seeu the figure of an Indian
sculp imprinted on the centre of the disk. The
perfect form of an Indian bow apix-ared hi the
sky. The sighing of the wind was like tlie
whistling of bidhsts. Some distinctly heard in-
visible troops of horses gallop through the air ;
■while others found the prophecy of calamities in
the howling of the wolves. — Bancuokt's U. S.,
ch. 12.
545J. SUPERSTITION, Omens of. 3fi'feor.
On the 13th of December, 1080, John Evelyn
wrilcs : " Thi.s evening, looking out of my cham-
ber window toward the west, I saw a meteor of
an ob.scure bright color, very much in shape like
the blade of a sword the rest of the sky being
very serene and clear. What this may portend
God only knows. But such another phenomena
I remember to have seen in 1640, about the
trial of the great Earl of Strafford ])receding
our bloody revolution." — Kniout'sEnu., vol. 4,
ch. 23, p. aCO.
5455. SUPERSTITION, Religious. C'iiiyk.
A notjible instance of superstitious frcnzv was
that connected with an ecclesiastic named l^U'is,
■who, having fallen a victim, at an early ag(% to
the excess (jf his n.scetic! rigor, was venerated af-
ter deatii iis a saint by devout crowds who came
to pray at his tond). . . . Soon it began to b(^
rumored that miracles had been wrought by his
remains; instantaneous cures were effected;
the lame, the impotent, the jiaralj'tic, seized with
'convulsive spasms, and raised to a state of ])re-
ternatural ecstasy, suddeidy recovered the use
of thi;ir liml)s ; various nervous diseases disap-
]>eared under tlu; same intiuence ; it was even
I)retended that olistinate wounds and cancerous
idcers had been healed. These .strange phenom-
ena increascul to such an extent that the Arcii-
bishop of Paris published a brief in which ho
attributed tlicin to the agency of Satan. — Stu-
dents' FuANci;, ch. 22, ^ 5.
5456. SUPERSTITION removed. At Alc.r-
andria. A great number of i)lates of dilTerent
metivls, artificially joined together, composed the
majestic figure of the deity, who touched on
either side the walls of the sanctuary. The a.s-
pect of Serapis, his sitting posture, and the scep-
tre which .'»e bore in his left hand were extreme-
ly similar to the ordinary representations of Ju-
])iter. It w!is confidently reported that if any
impious hand should dare to violate the majesty
of the god, the heavens and the earth would in-
stantly return to their original chaos. An intrep-
id soldier, animated by zeal, and armed with a
weighty battle-axe, ascended the ladder ; and
even the Christian multitude expected with some I
anxiety the event of the; combat. He aimed i^
vigorous stroke against the cheek of Serapis ;
the cheek fell to the ground ; the thunder was
still silent, anil both the heavens and the earth
continued to ])reserv(! their accustomed ordei-
iiiiil traiKiuillity. The victorious soldier repeat
ed his blows ; ili(;hug(! idol was overthrown and
Itroken in ]>ieces, and tlu! limbs of Serapis were
ignominiously dragge<l through thestreets of Al
exandria. His mangled carca.ss was burnt in the
amphitheatre, amid the sho\its of the populace ;
and many persons uttrd)uted their conversion to
this disc()very of tlu! impotence of the tutelar
deity. — Tyti!i:u's Hist., Book 5, ch. 4, p. 10.
545r. SUPERSTITION, Ridicaloas. Egyp-
tidiiK. The suiH'rstitions of the Egyptians were
a copious subject of ridicule to other nations of
antifpiity, anil coi\tributed to degrade them in
the opinion of those whose objects of religious
worship, if not fundamentally more rational,
w( re less ludicrous, less childish and unmanly.
What could they think of a nation -where, as
Herodotus tells us, if a house was on fire, the
father of a fannly would take more pams to save
his cats than his wife and children ; where a
mother would be transported with joy at the
news of her child being devoured by a crocodili' ;.
or where the soldiers, returning from a nulitary
expedition, woulii come home loaded with a i)re
cions booty of dogs, cats, hawks, and vulturi's ■'
— TvTi.Eu's Hist., Book 1, ch. 4, p. 47.
545S. SUPERSTITION, Safety by. O'/-/"///
John. Smith. [In 1008 John Smith was pre
.served by the Indians who had butchered his
coin])aniuiis. H(! exhibited a pocket comjia-ss.
and showed how it always ]>ointed to one (piar-
ter. See No. 5441.] He rec| nested that a letter
should Ixiconveyecl to Jamestown ; and when it
was known that he could so endue a piece of yn-
per with intelligencf^ as to speak to his distant
companions, he was beh<'l<l with superstilions
awe. — Iv.NKiiiT's Enc,., vol. 3, ch. 22, p. ;i44.
5159. SUPERSTITION of Scholars. A.B. Km:;
[The learned and the scientilic wenniot fn'c from
It. 1 Mr. [WilliMin] Oughtied, a renowned malli
ematiciiiii, . . . had strong apprehensions of some
extraordinary event to hapi)en the followiiii;
year, from the calculation of coincidence ^vitll
the diluvial! period ; and added that it might
po.ssibly be to convert the Jews by our Saviour's
visible appearance, and to judge the world.
The almanac-makers of that time were deluding
the peo])!e with those i)rophecics, which they
continued to swallow for two centuries. . . Oii
the 2i)lh of April, 10.")3, the people were terribly
frightened by an eclipse of the sun. This da)
was called Mirk jMonday, and the dread of it m>
exceedini.'ly alarmed the whole nation, that hai(i
ly any one would work or stii" out of their
hou.ses. — Knhiut's Eno., vol. 4, ch. 11, p. IT").
5460. SUPERSTITION of Soldiers. Spint.-<.
[The Earl of Surrey writes from Scotland in
152;J :] About eight o'clock the horses of his
company suddenly brake loose and suddenly run
out of his field in such numbers that it cause<l a
marvellous alarm in our field ; and our standiii;.-
watch being set, the horses came running along
the camp, at whom were shot abijveone hundred
sheaves of arrows and divers guns, thinking that
they would have l)een Scots that would have as
saulted the camp. Finally the horses were so'
mmmmmmmmm
SUPEUSTITIOX— SUIIPKISK,
049
t tlicy r
teen hii
al)()vo tiftocn himdrcd iit loii.st in divers coinpii-
iiii's, imd in oiks placo iiliovo lUty niii down a
^frcut roc;k imd slew tliciiiscjlvc's; mid above two
liuiidred and tifty run into tlus town, beiii;^ on
tiro, and by Hk; women taken and carried away,
rijifht evil brent ; and many were taken a^^ain,
and finally ])y wiiat I can esleeine i)y the number
of thein that 1 waw ;^o on fool the next day, I
think then! is lost above eight hundred lu)rses,
and all with folly for laek of not Iving within
the camp. I dare not write the wonders that my
Jjord Dacre and all his company do say they saw
that night, six limes, of spirita and fearfid sights.
And universally all their company say plaiidy
the devil was that night among them six times,
which misfortune hath blemi.shed the best jour-
ney that was made in Scotland many years. —
Knight's Eno., vol. 2, ch. 18, p. 201).
5401. BUPEBSTITION vs. Wisdom. Julian.
In fact, Julian was, as a pagan, blinded by the
most bigoted superstition. His belief in omens
wa.s ridiculous ; his .sacrifices were so numerous
that cattle were wanting to supply him with
victims. The expense of these religious rites
became burdensome to the State, and was uni-
versally complained of. He was even accused
of the horrid abomination of human sacrifices.
His enthusiasm and fanaticism, acknowledged
even by his greatest panegyrists, " almost de-
grade liim to the level of au Egyptian monk."
" Notwithstanding his "\vn modest silence upon
the subject," says Mr. (iibbon, " we may learn
from his faithfid friend, the orator Libanius, that
he lived in a perjietual intercourse with the gods
and goddesses ; that they descended up()n earth
to enjoy the conversation of their favorite hero ;
that they gently interrupted his .slumbers by
touching his hand or his hair ; that they warned
him of any impending danger, and conducted
him by their infallible wisdom in every action of
his life ; and that ho hadacfiuired such an inti-
mate knowledge of his heavenly guests, as read-
ilv to distinguish the voiceof Jupiter frcMU that of
>tinerva, and the form of Apollo from the fig-
ure of Hercules." In short, this wise and phil-
osophic emperor was, in matters of religion, one
of the w(>akest, most bigoted, and supor.stitious
of mankind. — Tvtlkk's Hist., l]ook 5, ch. 3,
p. 519.
aiiVi. SUPPLIANT, An abject. liciijn of
Jamia II. [Uochcster, the lord-treasurer, Avas
a Protestant whom the king propo.sed to dismi.ss
from otlice.] " It is whispered, " he said, " that
if I do not do as your Majesty would have me,
I shall not be suffered to continue in my present
station. " The king said, with some general ex-
pressions of kindness, that it was difficult to
prevent people from talking, and that loose re-
ports were not to be regarded. These vague
phrases wore not likelv to quiet the perturbed
mind of the minister. Ilis agitation became vio-
lent, and he began to plead for liis place as if ho
had been pleading for his life. " Your Majesty
sees that I do all in my power to obey you. In-
deed, I will do all that I can to obey you in
everything. I will servo you in your own way.
Nay," he cried, in an agony of baseness, "I
will do what I can to believe as you would have
me. But do not let me be told, while I am try-
ing to bring my mind to this, that if I find it
iinpossibh; tocomplj', I must lose all." — Macat-
i.Av'rt Kn(i., ch. 1, J). 142.
5'l6;i. SUPREMACY, Meritorioni. Ldte in S,r-
cnkcnlh ('(iiliir//. France united at that time al-
most every species of ascendency. Her military
glory was at tlu^ height. She had vaiaiuishcd
mighty coalitions. She had dictat 'd treaties.
She had subjugated great cities and provinces.
She had forct^d the; Castilian pr'uU' to yield her
th<! itrccedence. SIk; had snnunoncd Italian
princes to jirostrate themselves at her footstool.
ller authority was supreme in all matters of
good breeding, from a duel to a minuet. She
(letfsrmined how a gentleman's coat must bo cut,
how long his jx^ruko must be, whether his heels
must be high or low, and wh(!ther the lace on
his Jiat must be broad or narrow. In literature
she gave law to the world. The fame of her
great writers fille<l Euroj)e. — MACAt'LAv's Enu.,
eh. 3, p. 36P
5464. SUROEBY, Brave. D'/ka //•npolif.
[The Au.strian crusader.] liOopold had .stufT
m him too. Ho died, for example, in this man-
ner : falling with his horse, I think in some
siege or other, he had got his leg hurt, which
hindered him in fightmg. Leg could not bo
cured : " ("ut it off, then !" said Leopold. This
also the leech could not do, durst not, and would
not, so that Leopold was come quite to a halt.
Leopold ordered out two squires, put his thigh
upon a block, the sharp edge of an axe at tin;
right point across his thigh : " Squirefirst, hr'd
that axe ; steady ! S([uir(' second, snute you on
it with forge-hanuner, with all your strength,
heavy enough !" S(iuire .second struck heavy
enougl:, and the leg flew ofT ; but Leopold took
inflammation, died in a day or two, as the leech
had predictinl. — Caui.vi.k's Fkkdkuick tuk
(jUe.vt, Book 2, ch. (i, p. 83.
5465. SURGERY, Skill in. 7)r. Vnlnitine
Mi>tt. In 1828 he jxTfornicd what is universally
allowed to be the most ditlicult feiit(!vcr atlcnini-
ed in surgery. A clergyman was afilictcd with
an enormous tumor in the neck, in which wen;
embedded and twisted many of the great arte-
ries. In removing this tumor, it was necessary
to take out entire one of the collar bones, to lay
bare the membrane enclosing the lungs, to dissect
around arteries displaced by the tumor and cm-
bedded in it, to ai)i)ly forty ligatures, and re-
move an immense mass of disca.^ed matter. All
this was done without the aid of chloroform.
The patient survived the operation, and is now
living and discharging the duties of his profes-
sion. Dr. ilott was the first to operate success-
fully for inmiovability of the lower jaw, and the
first to entirely reniov(! the lower jaw. He was
the first to succeed in .sewing up a slit in a large
vein. — Cycloi'kdia ok Biog., p. 530.
5406. SURPRISE, Mutual, American lierolu-
iion. After the fall of Charleston General Gat<'s
was ap|)ointed to command in the South. [He;
took ])ost at (Uennont, thirteen miles from Cam-
den, where the British forces were concentrat-
ed.] By a singular coircidence Cornwallisand
Gates each formed the design of surprising his
antagonist in the night. Accordingly, on the
evenmg of the 15th of August, Gates set out
for Camden, and at the same time Cornwall is
moved toward Clermont. About daydawn the
two armies met midway on Sanchr's Creek.
I
660
SURPRISE— SURRENDER.
Mnih j^eneriils vvon; surprised, but both miule
iiiHiu'uiutc prepuralioiisfor kittle. [The Aiiier-
iciins were niully defeated.]— Hidpatii's U. S.,
ell. 43, p. 341.
5167. SIJBPBISE, Sucoeii by. Colond lidrton.
Oil the 101 h of July ii brilliiiiil e.xploit WHS ju'i-
t'ormed ill Rhode Ishiud. Colonel Williuiii Hiu-
loii, ot Provid(!iice, leaniiiif^ that Major-Geii-
erai I'resi'olt was (luartercd at a funnhoiise near
Newi'.ort, ai)arL from his division, determined
to capture him. Oii the iii;!;ht of the; lOth of
.luly the dariii!^ colonel, with forty volunteers,
embarked at Providence, dropped down the bay,
and reached the island near Pre.scott's lod^iii;,rs.
The movement was not discovered. The Hrit-
isji sentinel was deceived with a plausible state-
ment, iind then threatened withdei.th if he did
not remain quiet. Tlu! patriots rushed forward,
burst open rrescott^ door, seized him in bed,
.md hurried him half clad to the boats. The
.".larm was raised ; a .s([uad (raino hurrying to tlie
water's edj^o ; but tlu; provincials were alreadv
l)addlingout of sight with their prisoner. Tin's
lucky expl(>it gave the Americans an olHoer of
eipial rank to exchange for General Lee. Colo-
nel Barton was rewarded with promotion and
an elegant sword. — Riui'Atii'h U. S., eh. 40,
p. :5','0.
5 1Ǥ. 8UERENDER to Death. Bofjen. Boges
was governor of it [Eioii] under tlie King of Per-
sia, and a<;ted with such a zeal and tidelitv for
his sovereign as have few examples. When
besieged by Cimon and the Athenians, it was in
his power to have capitulated ujion honori'ble
terms, and to have returned to Asia with his
family and all his effects, llowcjver, being
l)ersuaded he could not do this with honor, he
reso'ved to die rather than surrender. The city
■was a.s.saulted with the utmost fury, and he de-
fended it with incredible braver}'. lieing at last
in the utmost want of provisions, he threw from
the walls into the river Strymonall the gold and
silver in the place ; then caused lire to be set to
u pile, and having killed his wife, his children,
and his whole fiimily, ho threw them into the
midst of the Hames, and afterward rushed into
them himself. — Rollin's Hist., Book 7, § 3.
5169. SURREKDEK demanded. Ethan Allen.
This daring and eccentric man was chosen col-
onel by a company of two hundred and seventj'
patriots. To capture Ticonderogn, with its vast
magazine of stores, was the object of Allen and
the audacious mountaineers of whom ho was the
leader. Benedict Arnold left Cambridge, and
joined tlio expedition as a private. On the
• ■vening of the 9th of May . . . they reached
the eastern shore of Lake Champlain, opposite
Ticondoroga. Only a few boats could bo pro-
cured, and when (lay broke on the following
morning but eighty-three men had succeeded
in crossing. With this mere handful — for the
lest could not bo waited for — Allen, with Arnold
by his side, made a dash, ;\nd gained the gate-
way of the fort. The sentinel was driven in,
closely followed by the mountaineers, who sot
up such a shout as few garrisons had ever
licard. Allen's men ha.stily faced the barracks,
and stood ready to lire ; he himself rushed to the
<iuarters of Dolaplace, the commandant, and
shouted for the incumbent to get up. The
startled oflicial thrust out his head. " Surren-
der this fort instantly," said Allen. " By what
authority'!'" inquired the n«t(mnded oftlcer.
" In the name of the great Jehovah und the
Continental Congress !" said Allen, flourishing
his sword. Dolaplace had no ultornative. The
garrison, numbering forty-eight, wore madt^
prisoniMN and .sent to Connecticut. A fortress
which had cost Groat Britain eight million
pounds .sterling was captured in ton minutes by
a company of undisciplined provincials. . . .
A hundroll and twenty <'annoii and vast quniiti-
tios of military stores foil into the hands of the
Americans.— lliDrATii's l'. S., cli. 38, p. 208.
5 170. SURRENDER, Disgraceful. Manchestn:
[When Charles Edward, grandson of James II.,
was endeavoring to recover the throne, his
llighlaiidors were near to Manchester, into
wliich preceded them a Borgoant, his mistress,
and hisdrumnior, and the town yielded.] " Man-
ohostor," .says volunteer Ray, " was tjiken by a
.sergeant, a drum, and a woman, about t^'o
o'clock in the afternoon." — K.moht'b Enu.,
vol. (i, ch. 9, p. Ur,.
5171. SURRENDER, Final. Ciril War. On
tlu! 7th of Ai)ril I IHiiriJ . . . General Grant, now
at Farniville, addressed a note to the Confeder-
ate commander, oxi)ressing a desire that the fur-
ther effusion of blood miglit be saved by tlie f-ur-
rendor of the Confederate army. To this General
Loo replied by declaring his desire for peace, but
adding that the occasion for the surrender of t)ie
Army of Northern Virginia had not arrived. On
the morning of the 9th, however, when it became
known that the loft wing of the Union army had
secured the line of the Lynchburg Railroad,
when the wreck of Longstreet's veterans, attempt-
ing to continue the retreat, wore confronted and
driven back by Sheridan, then the iron-souled
Confederate leader, seeing the utter u.selessn(!s.H
of a further struggle, .sent Gonorul Grant a note,
asking for a meeting preliminary to a surrender.
The Union commander immeciiately complied
with the request. At two o'clock in the nftor-
iiooii of Palm Sunday, the 9tli of April, 1865, the
two great generals mot each other in the par-
lor of AVilliiun McLean at Appomattox Court-
IIou.sc. There the terms of surrender were dis-
cussed and settled. It was agreed thet General
Grant should put his propositicm in the form of
a military note [which ho did]. To this . . .
General Leo responded as follows : " Head Quar-
ters Army of Northern Virginia, April 9th, 1865.
General : I received your letter of this date, con-
taining the terms of the surrender of the Army
of Northern Virginia, as proposed by you. As
tlioy are substantially the same as those ex-
pressed in your letter of the 8th instant, they are
aov opted. I will proceed to designate the prop-
er ofiicors to carry the stipulation into effect. —
R. E. Lee, General." Thus the work was done.
. . . After four dreailful years of bloodshed, de-
vastation, and sorrow, the civil war in the
United States was at an end. — Ridpath's U. S.,
ch. 66, p. 539.
5172. SURRENDER, Impossible to. "The Old
GiKird." [When the remnant of the French
army was retreating from Waterloo, two battal-
ions covered the retreat against the re-onforced
and victorious allies.] Weary of the butcher}-,
tlujy .suspended for a moment their lire, and scut
a flag of truce demanding a capitulation. Gener-
SLHUKNDKK— Srsi'R'ION.
G51
:il ("iiixbrcimc rctiiriu'd tho iminorttil reply,
" Tilt <hi(ird dii» ; it iinvr mirirndrrH." [Hooii
III! v| mowed them all down — Aimon's Sai-o-
i.KoN IJ., vol. 'i. ell. '21.
517:1. SURRENDER, Indignant. I'-fn- Stu,/-
n:s„i,t. (Oil tlic 2Mtli of Aiij;ii.st, l(!(i4, tho
ICiiirllsli d(!iniiii(l('(l the surrender of New Is'elli-
crhiiidandan ininiediiile iicknowled^nient ct' the
s( I verci^jnty of England.] It was clear that the
I lurgoni asters meant to .surrender. The .stormy
old 1,'overnor exhorted them to rouse to action
and lii^hl ; some ono replied that the Dutch
West India company was not worth tightinjif
lor. H.u'iun;; with indij^nation, StuyvesanI
snatched up the written propo.sal of Ni(;olls and
tore it to tatters in the presence of his council.
It was all in vain. The brave old man was
forced to sign the capitulation ; and on the 8th
of Soi)tember, 1004, New Netherland ceased to
c.xist. The English Hag was hoisted over the
fort and town, and the name of New York was
substituted for New Amsterdam. — Riui'.\'nrs
L'. S.ch. 19, p. 171.
5474. SURRENDER prevented, d/n. Her Oak.
Attended by an armed guard, Andros proceeded
to Connecticut. Arriving at liartfi'rd in Octo-
ber of 10H7, he found the assembly of the prov-
ince in session, and demanded (he surrender of
the cohj.'iial charter. The instrument was brought
in and laid upon the table. A spirited debate
ensued, and lasted until eveidng. When it was
al)out to be decided that the ('harler should bo
given up, the lainps were suddenly dashed out.
Other lights were brought in, but the cliarter
had disai)peared. Joseph Wadsworth, snatching
up the precious jiarchment, bore it off through
the darkness, and c(jncealed it in a hollow tree,
ever afterward remembered with affection as The
Charter Oak. But the assembly was overawed
and the free government of ('onnecticut sub-
verted. — Kiupatk's U. S.,ch. 15, p. 140.
5175. SUSPENSION, Financial. Jhiikof fJiu/-
hthd. [In 1797, after a continued run on the
bank for specie in exchange for its notes, it was
compelled to pay in .sLxpences, and then, by com-
mand of George III., to suspend specie payments.
The next day] there Avas a great meeting of
merchants at the Mansion House, when a unani-
mous resolution passed, that " we will not refuse;
to receive bank-notes in jiayment of any sum of
money to be paid to us, and will use our utmost
«:ndeavor to make all our paj'iucnts in a sinular
manner." The stocks immediately rose. A
weight was suddeidy taken off the wheels of in-
dustry. . . . But a chronic malady was induced
which lasted during a generation — a malady
which defied every attempt to cure till X\w, prin-
ciple of !i convertible papc" currency was again
tirmly established. Of the lasting effects of this
measure, which was only intended to be temix)-
rary, the government of 1797 could have no con-
ception. [Specie i^aymcnts were resumed in
182:].]— Knigut'8 Exo., vol. 7, ch. 19, p. 384.
5476. SUSPICION, Above. Or.w /■'.•* Wife. [See
No. iO.'jS.] Cloilius was not yet the danger-
ous desperado whi(dihe afterward became ; and
immorality', tliough seasoned with impiety,
might oasdy, it was thought, be made too much
of. CfEsn." himself did not press for punishment.
As president of the college, he had accjuiesced in
their decision, and he divorced thu unfortunate
l'oii\peia ; but he cxi)re.s.',ed no opiiuon as to the
(!XteiU of her crinnnalily, and he gave lus his
reason for separating from her, not that she was
guiltv, but that Ciesar's wife nuist be idwve
suspfcion. — rHotOKH C.KSAU, ch. 12.
5477. SUSPICION, Clamoroua. Fm- Mimhik.
"William Morgan, a resident of western New
York, having threatened to publish the secrets
of the Masoiuc frateriuty, of which he was a
member, suddeidy disaiii)eared from home, and
was never heard of afterward. The .Masons fell
luider the suspicion of having abducted and
murdered him. A great clamor was raised
against them in New York, and the excitenu'nt
extended to other i)arts of the country. The is-
sues between the Masons and their enemies be
came a political one, and many enunent men were
embroiled in the controversy. For several years
the anti-Masoiuc jtarty exercised a considerable
intluence in the elections of the country. Do
Witt Clinton, one of the most prondnent and
valuable statesmen of New York, had to suffer
mtich, in lo.ss of reputation, from his member-
ship in the order. His last days were clouded
with the odium which f(jr the; time being at-
tached to the Masonic name. — ItiurATii's U. S.,
ch. 53, p. 425.
547§. SUSPICION of Conspiracy. CoiiKtaiiiiiir.
An edict of Constantine, published abo\it this
time, nuinifestly indicates Ids real or affected
suspicions that a secret conspiracy had been
formed against his person and government. By
all the allurements of honors and rewards, he in-
vites informers of every degree to accuse with-
out exception Ins magistrates or ndnisters. Lis
friends or his most intimate favorites, protest-
ing, with a solemn asseveration, that he Idmself
will listen to the charge, that lie himself will
revenge his injuries ; and concluding with u
prayer, •which discovers some apprehension of
danger, that the providence of the Sujireme
Being may still continue to protect the .safety
of the emperor and of the empire. — Giujion's
Rome, ch. 18, p. 1.59.
5470. SUSPICION diverted. Emperor Nero.
Nero was so secure in his absolutism, lie had
hitherto found it .so impossible to shock the
feelings of tli(! people or to exhaust the terrified
a<lulation of the Senate, that lie was usually in-
different to the pasejuinades which were con-
stantly holding up his name to execration and
coiiteinpt. But now he felt that he had gone too
far, and that his power would be seriou.sly im-
perilled if he did not succeed in diverting the
suspicions of the populace. He was perfectly
aware that when the jieople in the .streets cursed
those who set tire to the city, they meant to
curse him. If he did not take some immediate
step he felt that he might perish, as Gains had
perished before him, by the dagger of the as.sas-
.sin. It is at this point of bis career that Nero
becomes a prominent figure in the history of the
Church. . . . For Nero endeavored to ffic the
odious crime of having destroyed the capital of
the world upon the most innocent and faithful
of his subjects — \ipon the only .subjects who
offered heartfelt prayers on his behalf — the Ro-
man Christians. They were the defenceles.'i
victims of this horrible charge ; for though they
were the most harmless, they were also the most
C5;
SUSPICION'— SVVINDLEH.
i
Initi'd mill till' most .slandorcil of livinj; iiicii.--
Fauuak'h Eauly Dayh, eh. 4, p. 'M.
aiMO. SUSPICION diverted. lun,'/ "f I'orhit/nf.
[Eiicli of tli(! iiioiiunliH was prcimriii^ cxpcdi-
I ions of discovery for the New World. ] Hcscndc,
ill his history of Kiii;^ .loiiii II., iid'oniis us timl
tiio Portuj^iicsc; nioiiiircli, by iarijn presents, or
rather liriix's, held certain 'of liie contidenlial
memhers of tlie Ca.slilian cahinet in his interest,
who informed him of tli(' most secret councils
of tlieir court. The roads were tliron.i^ed with
couriers ; scarce was nn intention expressed by
Ferdinand to his ministers, hut it was conveyed
to his rival monardi. Tlie result was tliat tlio
Hpani.sh sovereigns seemed us if under the influ-
ence of some enchantment. King Jolin antici-
pated all tiioir inovemonts, and appeared to divc^
into their very thouj^lits. ... As a surnuse of
treachery in the caliinet might naturally arise,
King John.wh'Ie he rewarded his agents in se-
cret, endeavored to divert suspicions from them
upon others, making rich imisents of jewels to
the Duke do Infanlado and other Spanish gran-
dees of incorniptihle integrity. — Ihvinu's Co-
i.UMiJUB, Book 5, cli. 9
5181. SUSPICION, Effect of. I{,-if/n of Com-
vioduH. Tliat a.sscmlily, whom Marcus hud ever
considfired us the great council of the nation, wns
compo.sed of tiie mo.st distinguished of the Hu-
mans : and distinction of every kind soon became
criminal. The i>o.s.session of weidtli stimulated
the dilig(!nce of th(! informers ; rigid virtiu; im-
plied a tacit censure of the irregularities of Coni-
modus ; important .services implied a dangerous
superiority of merit ; and tlu; friendship of \\w
father always insured the aversion of the son. Sus-
l)icion wase(iuivalent to proof ; trial to condem-
nation. — GiHiio.N's Komi:, cli. 4, ]). 10").
S<l§3. SUSPICION, Perilous. Emperor .AV/v).
A conspiracy, which wasat tliis time discovered,
gave Nero um])le scope lor the gratification of
the natural cruelty of his disposition. The slight-
est suspicion of guilt was now ])iinislied with im-
nuidiate death. It was asullicient crime if a man
WiLS seen to have saluted a suspected iierson.
Seneca, among others, was accused of jiaving
b(!eii privj to tliis conspiracy ; and as a mark of
the emperor's gratitude for the i)ast services of
his prec(q)tor, Ik; was permitted to choose the
manner of his death. Ho chose to cx])ire in ii
warm bath, after having his veins opened. —
Tyti.ku's Hist., Book T), ch. 1, p. 488.
5 I8!l. SUSPICION sown. //(, War. As Them-
istocles sailed ahwig the coasts, wherever he saw
any harbors or places j)ro]H'r for the enemy's
ships to put in at, he took such stones as he lia])-
jiened to find, or caused to be brought thither
for that purjiose, and .set them up in the i)orts
and watering-pluces, with the following inscrip-
tion engraved in large characters, and addresscid
to the lonians. " Let the lonians, if it be jra.ssi-
ble, Qome over to the Greeks, from whom they
are descended, and who now risk their lives for
their liberty. If thi.j be impracticable, let them
at least perplex the barbarians, and put them in
disorder in time of action." By this he hoped
either to bring the lonians over to his side, or to
sow discord among them by causing them to be
suspected by the Persiuns.—PLUTAUcii's Tiie.m-
ISTOCLE8.
5IM I. SUSPICION, Weakneti of. I)wn;/Ki„^.
[Dionysius the lyiiiiil| Wi.s so suspicious of all
mankiiKl, ami so wrelehedly timorous, that ho
would not siilTer a liMrlier to shave Idiii, but had
his hair singed olf wilh a live coal liy one of his
own alteiidunls. Neillier his brother nor his jii
wen; adinilled into his <'lianiber in their own
clothes, but were first stripped and <!.\amined by
the sentinels, and after that were obliged to put
on such clollii's as were jirovidcd lor them.
When his brolher Leptines was oiic(! describing
the situalion of a place, he took u spear from
one of the guards to trace the plan, upon which
Dionysius was exiremeiy oirended, and caused
the soldier who had given up his spear to be put
to death, lie was afraid, he said, of the .sense
and .sagacity of his friends, because he knew
they must think it more eligible to govern than
to obey. He slew Marsyas, whom ho had ud-
vuiK'ed to a considerable military command,
merely because JIarsyus dreamed that he killed
him ; for he concluded that this dream by
night was occasioned by some similar sugges-
tion of the day. Yet even this timorous and sus-
picious wretch was offended with Plato, becuuso
iu! would not allow him to be the most valiant
man in the world !— Plutauch.
5.|»5. SWEARING, Admired. GeMrnlClxirhii
Scott. [ I le ] had a most inveterate habit of swear-
ing : whetlier ill i)rivate or public, . . . every
otiier word w:is an oath. . . . After the war a
friend, . . . anxious to reform his evil habits,
asked him whether it was possible that . , . tlio
admired ^Vasllinglon everswore. Scott reflected
for a moment, uiid then exclaimed : " Yes, once.
It was at iMoiimoutli, and on a day that would
have made any niiin swear. Yes, sir, he sworo
on that day till the leaves shook on the trees —
chi'.rming, (leiiLrlilfiil. Never have I cnjoj-cd
such swea rill LT befonior since. Sir, on that ever-
iiieiiiorable day he swore like an angel from
heaven." The reforiiier abandoned tiic; gener-
al ill despair. — Ci sies' Wasiii.noto.n, vol. 1,
ch. 2\.
54M((. SWEARING.Reproof for. ,/"//?) B>nn/(tn.
OiU! day, as 1 was standing at a neighbor's shop-
window, and tlier(! cursing and swearing after
my wonted niaiiner, there sat witliin the woman
of the house and heard me, who, though she was
a loose and ungodly wretch, protested that I
swore and cursed at such a rate; that she trem-
bled to hear me. I was able to spoil all the
y.)utlis in a whole town. At this reproof I was
silenced ami put to secret shame, and that too,
as I thought, liefore the God of heaven. 1 stood
lianging down my head, and wishing that I
migiit be a litth; "child, that my father might
learn me to speak without tliis wicked sin of
swearing ; for, thought I, I am so accustomed
to it that it is vain to think of a reformation. —
FUOLDKS BlNYAN, ch. 2.
5487. SWINDLEB, A Royal. Henry VIL
The ingrained eovetousiiess and cunning of the
man — for "of nature, a.ssuredly, he coveted to
accumulate treasure," and "neither did he care
how cunning they were that he did employ, for
he thought himself to have the master-reach."
The.se qualities made him, to use plain words, a
royal swindler. He went far beyond his age as an
exaggerated representative of the new-born spirit
of money-making, as opjwsed to the ancient
.SWINDr.KH-SY.MPATIIV.
653
•Nj)lrit of violence. He carried it forward ii)to
Kliat unscrupulous piisNioii forwrullli, wliicli ims
rendered the j^riispinf^ accunuiliilorso defestaltle
at all times. — Knioiit'h Eno., vol. 2, cli. 15,
p. 2:jh.
S4HS. . Henry VI fL [Parlia-
ment in 1544 i)repared Henry VHI. for the
expen.seof wars witli Hcotland and with France,
liy declarinj; that all loans made to the Ivin^
in tilt- two pnjvions years of his reiy;n Ix; en-
tirely remitted and released, and Kccnritics for
the siMno be utterly void.] — Kmuhth E.N(».,
vol. 2. eh. 27, p. 442.
•5'IM0. . liirhard r. ['l"o raise money,
heonlered the great seal to Xw broken, and proc-
lamation to be made that no grant under that
.seal woidd bo valid, unless the fees due to th(!
crown were paid the Kfu'ond time for affixing
the new seal.] — Knioiit's K.N(i., vol. 1, ch. 22,
p. '.VM).
«1'I90. SWOBD VB. Banner. Jonn «/ Arc. She
-svore at her Hide a small battle-axe^ and the con-
secrated sword, marked on the blade with Ave
cros.ses, which liad at her bidding bet.'n taken
for her from the shriiu; of Kt. Cathariiuiat Fier-
bois. A page carried her banner, which shci had
i'au.sed to be made and end>ri)idered as her Voices
(■n.joine'i. It wa.s white satin, strewn with^'(//'«-
(/ti-lis, and on it were the words "Jesus Ma-
ria," and the repnisentalion of tlie Saviour in
His glory. Joan afterward generally bore her
banner her.self in battle ; she said that though
sh(! loved hertiword much, she loved her banner
forty tinuM tis much ; and she loved to carry it,
iKicause it could not kill any one. — Dkcisivk
B.MTi.Ea, ^ 378.
ft'lOl. SWOBDlnBeligion. Mahomft. "The
sword," say a Mahomet, "is the key of heaven
ami of hell ; a drop of blood shed in the cau.se
of God, a night spent in arms, is of more avail
than two months of fasting or prayer ; whoso-
ever falls in battle, his sins are forgiven ; at the
<lay of judgment his wounds shall l)e resplendent
as vermilion and odoriferous as musk ; and the
lo.ss of his limbs shall ha snpplied by the wings
of angels and cherubim." — Gihbdn's Rome,
ch. 50, p. 124.
5f9a. SWORD, Worship of the. Sri/lhians. It
is certain that the nomadic tril)es of Northern
Asia, whom Herodotus described under the name
of Scythians, from the earliest times worshipjK'd
as their god a bare sword. That sword-god was
supposed, in Attila's time, to have disapjwared
from earth ; but the Hunnish king now claimed
to have received it by special revelation. It was
said that a herdsman, who was tracking in the
desert a wounded heifer by the dro|)s of bloo<i,
found the mysterious sword standing fixed in
the ground, as if it had darted down from heaven.
The herdsman bore it to Aitila, who henceforth
was believed by the Huns to wield the Spirit of
Death in battle, and their seers prophesied that
that sword was to destroy the world. — Dkcisivk
J}.\rri,ES, § 235.
5493. SYMPATHY by Experience. Smniid
Johnson. Johnson, who.se robust frame was not
in the least affected by the cold, .scolded me, as
if my shivering had been a paltry effeminacy,
saying, " Why do you shiver ?" Sir William
Scolt, of the Commons, told me t!i;it wlicn he
comphiinc^d of a headache in the post-chaise, as
they were travelling together to Scotland, John-
.Hon treated him in the same manner: "At your
age, sir, I had no hemlache." It is not easy to
make allowance for sensations in others which
we ourselves have not at the time. We must all
have experienced how very dilTerently we ore af-
fected by the com[)hdntsof our neigldiors when
we are well and when we are ill. In full health
we can scared v l)clieve that they stdTer much,
so faint Is the imag(! of paiir upon our Imagina-
tion ; wlien Koft«'ned by sickness, we reatlily
sym|)athi/.e with the sufierings of others. — Boh-
WKi. I, 'rt Johnson, p. 12H.
5191. SYMPATHY, Freaks of. Anjwlro-n T.
Napoleon could look with perfect composures
upon the cnniage of the field of battle, and order
movements without tin,' tremor of a lUTve which
he knew must consign thousands to a bloody
death ; but when [some one fell overboard | . . .
his sympathies were aroused to the highest de-
gn!e. — AnitoTT's Nai'olkon H., vol. 1, ch. 10.
5<I95. SYMPATHY for the Friendless. Ahraliam
lAncoln. Among the . . . persons in waiting. . .
was a small, pale, delicate-looking boy about
thirteen years old. The President saw him, . . .
and said, " Come here, my boy, and tell me what
you want." . . . With lM>w(!d IhmuI and timid
accients, he said : " Mr. President, I have been a
drummer-boy in a regiment for two years, and
my colonel got angry with me and turned me
ofr ; 1 was taken sick, and havelx'cn a long time
in hospital. This is the first time I have been
out, and I can)e to see if you cannot do some-
thing for me." The President looked at him . . .
tenderly, and asked him where he livt^d. "I
have no home," answered the boy. " Where is
your father V" " He died in tlie army," was the
replv. " Where is your mother?" . . . "My
mother is dead also. I have no mother, no father,
no brothers, no sirters," and, bursting into tears,
" no friends — nol)ody cares for me." Mr. Lin-
coln's eyes were filled with tears, and he said to
him, " Can't you .sell newspapers ?" " No," sidd
the l)oy ; " I am too weak, and the surgeon of the
hospital told me I must leave, and I have no
money and no place to go to." The .scene was
wonderfully affecting. The President drew
forth a card and . . . gave special directions " to
care for this poor boy." — IIaymond's Lincoln,
p. 740.
549«. SYMPATHY, Mutual. Napolfon I. [At
St. Helena the captive emperor found] a poor
negro slave working in Mr. IJalcombe's garden,
in whose history and welfar(> the emperor be-
came deeply interested. He was a Malay Indian,
of i)repos.se.ssing appearance. He had been stolen
from Ins native land by the crew of a British
ves.sel. The emperor's .sympathies were deeply
moved by the old man's .story. Poor Toby be-
came very much attached to tlie emperor. . . .
Thcv were fellow-captives. — Abbott's Nai'o-
LEON B., vol. 2, ch. 30.
5497. SYMPATHY for the Poor. Ahrnham
Liwoln. As a distinguished <'itizen of Ohio en-
tered the vestibule of the White House, his at-
tention was attracted by a poorly clad young
woman who was violently sobbing. . . . She
had been ordered away by the servants, after
vainly endeavoring for many hours to see the
President about her only brother, who had bcea
fi.-)4
SYMPATHY— TALKNT
4
I oiidctniicil to (Iciith [for (li'Hcrti()ii|. . . . Hho
liiiil pHsHcd tli(- liin^ liiiuiH of two iliiys liyiM^ in
Miin to 1,'cl an iiiiiliciu'c. [lid aided her adnds-
HJon to tlu! olllcc, and at id.s sui^p-Ntion nIic forced
her wav l)etween iiiniself 1111(1 Mr. Mneojn, and
in.sistetl on Ills exaininulion of the papers slitt
liroii^iit. I Mr. l/ineoln was at llrst Honiewliat
surprised at I lie apparent fctrwardness ; . . . coni-
inenced an examination of tlie docnnieni ; . . .
Ins eye fell njjon her scanty hut neat dress. In-
stantly Ids i'licc! lighted up. " .My poor jxirl,"
said ho, "you have conn' here with ii > ^^^ovcrnor,
or BCiiiitor, or ineinher of Coiijrress to plead
your cause. You seem honest and tnithfid,
h\h\i/i>ii iliiii't iriiir liniijiH ; and I will lie whipjied
but I will pardon your lirotlier." — Uaymo.nds
Lincoln, p. V.W).
Mm. SYMPATHY, Religious. I'liriUmx of
yew /'Jni/hiiid. The svmpalhits of tli" colonists
wore wide ; a regard t<jr I'rotestanl (ierniaiiv is
a.s old as enu^ration ; and durin<i; the Tliirty
Years' War the whole people of New Knuland
hold fa.sts and otfercd i)rayers for the succe.-is of
IlioirSa.von hrellireii. — M.^Nt itoKr's I'. S., vol. 1,
eh. 10.
5IOf>. SYMPATHY, Unmanned by. Colinnhiis.
I Moved hy envy, and sustained l)y vilest slanders,
llohadilla sent him to Spain in irons. Great in-
diKimtion and release followed.] When tluMpieen
l)(!h(;ld this venerahle man approach, and thou,<.''ht
on all ho had deserved and all he had sulfered,
sho was moved to tears. Cohnnhus had borne
up tirmly against (he rudoconllictsof the world ;
lu; had endured with lofty scorn th(\ injuries and
insults of ii^nohle men ; but ho pos.sessed strong;
aad (puck .sensibility. When he found hiin.self
thus kindly reiHived by his soverci;;nH, and be-
hold tours in tlie benif;;n eyes of Isabella, hislon;;-
suppro.s.sed feeliTigs imrsl forth ; ho throw him-
8(!lf on his knees, and for some limo could not
uttora word for tlie violeiic(! of his toarsand sol)-
bings. — lKVi.N(i's(;(>i,i;.Mni;s, Book 14, ch. 1.
A500. SYSTEM, Living by. Alfml the Urntt.
Alfred was liim.self, for that ai^e, a most accom-
]>lish(Ml scholar ; and considering tlic! necessary
toils and constant activis oin|)loyinent, it is sur-
.l)risinshow mnch ho eniployi'd himself in tim
jmrsuiUsof lileratur^^ Ho is said to have divided
iii.s time inlotliroo (Mpial part.s : one Wiis allotted
to tlio despatch of the business of government ;
anotlu!r to diet, (!,\erci.so, and .sleep ; and a third
to study and devotion. Hy this admirabl(< regu-
larity of life ho found means, notwithstanding
his constant wars, and the care of entirely now
niodolling and civilizing his kingdom, to com-
j)o.so a variot-y of ingenious and learned works.
— Tytlku's ilisT., Hook (i, ch. T), p. 111.
5501. TACT, Lack of. Pnsiih'ut John Aihnim.
The same cpialities which made him a bad nego-
tiator priivonted his ac(piiring credit as tho chief
magistrate! of i\w. nation. Ho was a bad judge
of mon, and ho was wodd(!d to certain ancient
and unpopular ideas wlii(;h proventod his retain-
ing the conlidonco of the masses, lie was a kind
of republican tory, at a time when the feeling of
the nation was setting powerfully in the opposite
direction. At the same time, his vanity, his
quickness of temper, his toUil want of manage-
ment, his blind trust in some men and his blind
distrust of others, continually estranged from
him those who would naturally have been his
friends and supporters. After serving four years,
he was wliirled from his |)laco by a torimdo of
(h-niocratie feeling. — ('y( i,»)rKiuA ok Hkx;.,
1). ns.
AAOlsl. TACT, Natural. Hi urn ''^idini/. | Ho
was the agent of the I'rince of Orange in nego-
tiating for the revolution with the peers of ling-
land. I Sidney, with a sweet temper and winning
manners, seemed to be dellcieiit in capacity and
knowledge, and to be sunk in voluptuousness
and indolence. His face and form wereeinininliy
handsome. In his youth he had been the terror
of husbuiids ; and even now, at near tifty, he was
the Favoiile of women and the envy of vounirer
men. He had formerly resided at the Hague in
a public i'liar>ieter, and had then succeeded in
olilainini; a large sliaie of Willinm's | Prince of
Orange] coiitidence. .Many wondered at this ; for
it, seemed that between the most austere of ••latcs-
meiiand the most dissolute of idlers Miere could
be nothing ill common. , . . There is a certain tail,
resembling an instinct, which is often wanting to
greiil oratorsand philos()]ihers, and which isoi'leu
found in persons wlio, if judgi'd by their conver-
sation or by their writings, would lie iironoiinced
simpletons. Indeed, when a man iiosse.s.ses thi*+
tact, it is in some sense an advantJige to him that
he is destitute of those more showy talents which
would make him an object of admiration, of
envy, and of fear. Sidney was a remarkalile in-
stance of this truth. Incapable, ignorant, and
dissipated as he seemod to be, he understood, oi-
rather felt, with whom it was neces.sary to be re-
served, and witli whom ho might .safely venlunr
to be coiMinunieativo. Tho consoipionce was,
that he did what Mordannt, with all his vivacity
and invention, or Hurnet, with all his multifarious
knowlodgo and lluont elocution, never could
liiivo doiK', — M.\( .vii,.\y's En<i., iIi. 9, i>. ;?7;i.
5503. TALENT without Character, /nrderirk
the (rirot. My tho jiublit! tho King of I'ru.ssia
was considered as a politician destitute alike of
morality and decency, insatiably rapacious, and
sliamelessly false; nlir was the public much in
the wrong. He was at the same time allowed to
bo a man of jiarts — a rising general, a shrewd
negotiator and administrator. — J^Iac.vui..vy's
FitKDKHICK TIIIO (}lli;.\T, J). 4'J.
5501. TALENT, Discovery of. Nti)x>lenii I.
Ho liad ordered some very dillicultand important
works to bo oxeciitod on a bridge of the canal of
lianguedoc. TIk! engineer had admirably ac-
coni|)lislied the arduous achievement. [Nafioleoii
inspected tin; work, and asked many (pioslions of
tho engineer.] Tlio ('iiginoor seemed embarra.ssed,
and rejilied witli hesitation and confusion. Soon
tlie prefect iippearod. Napoleon promjilly said
to him : " I am not correctly informed. Tlnv
bridge was not made by that man. Such a work
is beyond his capacity." The ])refect then con-
fes.sod that the chief engineer was neither the
originator of the ])ian nor the author of the
works, but they both belonged to a modest, subor-
dinate man unknown to fame. . . . He appointed
the young man . . . chief engineer, and took him
to Purls. — AiuioTT's N.\poi-KON H., vol. 2, ch. 9..
5505. TALENT, Education of. Alexander.
Alexander owed all these advantages to the ex-
cellent education which Aristotle gave him, \\i'
had also a ta.ste for the whole circle of arts, but
such as becomes a prince — that is. he know th«
IsfH
TALENT-TAHTE.
65a
vnlucnnd iiKofnlrifAHof tlicni. } ihIc, paliitin>(,
M'lilptiire, arclilti-. tiir(>, tloiiriHlii'd iti IiIh n Ik>i,
l)(!(MiiiH«! tlicy fmiiid in liim Itotli ii Nkilfiil Jiiil^ai
and a k<-"*'''">"* protector, wlio was alilf to din-
tiiimdsli and reward merit wherever displayed.
Hut lu! despised certain trilling feats of dexterity
tliat were of no use. Mncli admiration was lav-
isJM'd on a man wlio employed Idniself very
earnestly in llirovvii.|i; small peati tliroii|;li the eye
of II needle, which lie would do at a consideralile
distance, and v.ithont once nii.ssiiif;. Alexander
seeing? liim tlius eiii;ii>?ed, ordered him, as we are
told, a present snitalii(! to Ids employment — /•/>.,
a liiwkel of peas. — Uoi.i.i.n'h Hist., Hook l">,
SI.
5506. TALENT, Indioationi of. .Unt/it iiKitim.
Carlyle .says that the iiest indication in a hoy of
a superior understanding is a turn for matlie-
inatics. Wlien a lioy, in addition to a decided
mathematical j,dft, jiossesses iil.so a natural dex-
terity in handlin;^ tools, and an inclination to oli-
serve nature, there is ground for helieviiif? that,
if pi.^perly aideil, he will liecome a man of
scienc(!. vV(! wen; led to these remarks liy oli-
.serving that the four men of modern times who
did most to increase tlu; sum of knowledge —
(Copernicus, C^olumhus, Oalileo, and Newton —
were all natural matluimaticians, and owed their
di-scoveries dinictly to mathematics. All of them,
also, possessed that manual dexterity and that
love of oliserving nature of which we havc!
spoken. They were alike in other respects : all
of them were endowtul with an amazinji; patience.
All of them were men of childlike simplicity of
character. All of them were good citizens, as
Avellassuhlimegeiiiuses. Allof tliem.hutC'olum-
bu.s perhaps, were even sound men of Imsine.ss
— prudent and successful in the management of
tlieir private affairs. — Cycloi'kdi.\ ok Bioo.,
p. 304.
550r. TALENT, Lack of. Confederate Con-
(Ivf.HS. The Confederate congre.s.s ... of IHOU.
it i.s not to be disguised that tln.s body fell below
the spirit and virtue of the people, and was re-
markahle for its destitution of talents and ability.
Not a single speech that lia.s yet been made in it
will live. — P()M,.Mii)'s SiocoNU Ykau ok tiiic
Wau. ch. 0, p. 2'HS.
550S. TALENT overestimated. Xnpohvn T.
[Entering unannounced, Ik; discovered llie Em-
j)re.s.s Maria LouLsa makingan omelet.] " How,"
exclaimed the emperor, " are you making an
omelet ? You know nothing about it. I will
show you how it is done." He immediately took
his place at the table, and went to work. . . . Tin;
omelet was at last made, and one side was fried.
Now came the difflculty of turning it by tossing
it over with artistic skill in the frying-pan. Na-
poleon in the attempt awkwardly tossed it upon
the floor. Smiling he .said, " I have given myself
credit for more exalted talents than I possess ;"
and he left. — AnnoTT's Nai'oi.kon li., vol. 2,
(h. 11.
5509. TALENT, Untaught. Zerah Colburn.
llo was able, during the later years of his youth,
to explain the processes by which he performed
his calculations, some of which were so simple
that they have since been employed In the New
England schools. We have seen a class of boys,
not more than twelve years of age, multiply six
figures by six figures, without .slate and pencil, by
till? metluxl of Zerah Colburn. His mo<le of ex-
tracting the H(piar(! root also can be iieipiired
by boys (piick at figures. Hut this does not les-
sen our astonishment that a lioy of seven years,
wholly untaught, should have discovered meth-
ods in calculation that had esciiped the vigilanco
of mathematicians, from \\v.' days of Kuclid to
our own time. — (!y( i,oi"i;oia ok Mhxi., p. 8!{.
5510. TALENTS misjudged. Chart, h XIT.
No one, it aripeiirs, expected much of this youth-
ful monarch, lie had no vices, it is true; liu
neither drank nor gormaiidi/.ed nor ganihled.
A Spartan soldier was not more temperate, imr
more hardy, nor more eliaHl(- tlmn lie. Hut
h(! was haughty, reserved, and ol)sliiiate, and
seemed to car(! i'or nothing iiiil hunting and the
drilling of his troops. The amhassadors residing
at his court wrote liotiu! to their masters that thii
new king was stupid, and was not likely ever to
1k! formidabh; to his neighbors. His own suli-
jecls, .seeing that heflid nothing but hunt iindal-
tend jiarades, considered him inferior to his an-
cestors. [He became one of the great rulers and
captains of Europe.] — ('V( i.oi'kdia ok ilio(..,
p. 4:14.
5511. TALISMANS, Belief in. M'rd Indiana.
I?esi les till! Zeines, each iaci(pie had three idols
or talismans, whic:h were mere stones, but which
W(!re held in great reverenc(! by themselves and
their sidijects. One tlwy supposed had the power
to produc<; abundant harvests, another to removir
all pain from women in travail, and tlwt third to
call forth rain or sunshine. 'i'h»-ce of these were
sent home by Colundius to tlu; sovereigns. —
IuviNa'sCoM;MHi;H, JJook «, eh. 10.
5513. TARIFF, Protection by. Fimt Congrenx.
They did not even wait for the inauguration of
President Washington, but began nearly a month
before that important event to prepare a revenue
bill,. . . declaring that " it is neces.sary for tlu)
support of the government, for the discharge
of the debts of the United States, and. for thi'.
enmuraf/i'nwnf, and protection of vianvfacturex,
that duties b(! laid on imported goods, wares,
and merchandi.se." — Ui.aine'h Twk.nty YK.rus,
ch. 9, p. ih;j.
55 1 3. TASTE conditioned. Climate. It may
be said, therefore, in j)rai.se of Epaminondas, that,
he falsified the proverb whi('h treated the lio u-
tians as boorish and stupid. This was the notion
commonly entertained of them ; and it was im-
puted to the gro.ss air of the <'ountry, as the Athe-
nian delicacy of taste was attributed to the .sub-
tlety of the air the breathed. — Uollin'h Hist.,
Book 13, ch. 1, g 7.
5514. TASTE for Literature. Ale.randcr. After
the battle of Arbela the Macedonians had found
among the spoils of Darius a gold casket (en-
riched with jirecious stones), in which the ex-
quisite perfumes used by that prince were put ;
Alexander, who was quite covered with dust, and
re";ardless of essences and perfumes, destined
this rich ca.sket to hold Homer's poems, which
he con.sidered the most perfect and the most
l)recious production of the human mind. He ad-
mired i)articularly the Iliad, which he called
" the best provision for a warrior." He always
had with him that edition of Homer which Aris-
totle had revised and corrected, and to which the
title of the " Edition of the Casket" was given ;
606
TAX-TAXATION.
I
niid lio luiil it, witli lilx Hwonl, ('vi>-v nielli mxlur
Jiia pillow.— Itoi.MNH Hint., linok 15, ^ 1.
nttlH. TAX on Coniumption. h'/ij/Unh ('olonUn.
After two yciii'M' (ilMtiiHHloii, an uit of I'lirliii-
iiit-iit . . . Iinposcii ii duly of iiiiicpriici' on (tvcry
pillion of nun. Hlxpi-ncc on every ^iillon of nioluN-
HeH, iind llveslilllln^Mon every liiindn^d wel^lil of
Nii^iir iinpiirleil from forelj^ii colonleM into iiny
of tliu iirlllNli |ilitntntioriH. . . . Duty on inolaNHcH
hull ull the <-lrecl of ii iirohihitlon, uinl led oidy
tociiiudiHtine InipoilationM. — UANtnoKT'rt U, S.
HMO. TAX, Enormoui. lf<nn/ VI IJ. |In
\T>%\ I'arliainenl voted a ta.x of two .^hiilin^CH on
u pound, on the valuation of ^oodn or land.
Ooo.U valued at less than tsventy pounds to pay
Hixtei'ti penci! on a |)ound. And if worth less
than forty Hhillinji;s, tlie tax would he eiirht-
nen.'e. In \'i'i't a sulmidy was demanded hy the
KJn^ witliout till! intervention of I'arliainent. |
('ominissionerH were appoii-ted to levy Hid ille-
>;al eluiiit of Hie sixth part of every man's suh-
.slaiiee. . . . The resislanee wr.s universal. |ll
wa.s not eiillecled. I — Kniiiut'k Kno., vol. 'i,
<h. IH, p. UlXi.
Aft 1 7. TAX, Excise. Iliiijn of <,\<>r(/if Iff.
A.I). 17t);{. [An (!Xeis<' on eider and perry was
i)ropos«;d by Georj^c Orenville in Parliament. I
i'lie eider eouiitii's were in a llaine ; llus city ni
iiondon, proc(!edin>? beyond all precedent, peti-
tioned commons, lords, and kiii^ iiKi^insl tlie
measure ; and the cities of Kxeter uiid Worces-
ter iiislnicled their members to oppo.sc it. The
House of Lords divided u])on it, and two ])ri>-
tests as^ainst it ai)peared on the joiirnuls. — H.vn-
t'UoKT'a U. S., vol. 5, ell. 5.
ftftlS. TAXATION, Exemption from. rV'/v/f/.
[Iteif^n of Constuntine.J The wlioic ItiKly of the
(yiithoiic clergy, more numerous perliups than
the lepiona, was exempted l)y the emperors from
ull service, private or puhlii!, all municipul otH-
ces, and all personal taxes and contributions,
which pressed on their fellow-citizeiw with in-
tolerabio weijj;lit ; and tlie duties of liieir holy
l)rofe.s.sion were accepted as a full dLscharxe
of their oblisa'.ions to the republic. — Oiuhon'b
JtoMK, ch. 'ii), p. 283.
ftSI9. TAXATION inevitable. Itfina of (hile-
rius. A very minute survey ai)pears to have
>)een taken of their real estates ; and wherever
there was the .sli!;htest suspicion of concealmeni.
torture was very freely emi)loyed to obtain a
sincere declaration of their |M'rsonal wealth. . . .
The conquest of Macedonia, as we have already
olwervcd, had delivered the Itoman people from
the wei^lit of personal taxes. Tliou,i;li they had
experienced every form of despotism, they had
now enjoyed that exemption nea;- Hvc hundred
years ; nor could they patiently lirook the inso-
lence of an Illyrian pea.sant, who, from his dis-
tant residence in Asia, presumed to numbiT
Uome amonf.j the tritiutary citie.'! of his empire.
The rising fury of the people was encouraged
by the authority, or nt lea.st the connivance, of
the senate, and tlie feeble remains of the Pneto-
rian guards. — Qihuon's Home, cli. 14, p. 460.
ftftilO. TAXATION, Odioui. Stamp Art. fits
provisions were briefly tlujse :| Every note, bond,
ileed, TTiortgage, Iea.se, license, and legal docu-
ment of wliatever .sort required in the colonies
should, after the tlrxt I'ay of tlie fDllowing No-
vember, lie executed on paper l)eii ring an Knglixlt
stamp. This slain|M-i| pajHT was to In> furnlHlied
by Hie Mritish Koveriiiiient. and for e.ich slieet
the colonisiM were required to it.iy a Hum vary-
ing, according to the nature or the document,
fri<in threepence to six pounds sterling. Kvery
colonial |>aniplilet, almanac, and newspaper wiih
reipiired to lie printed on paherof tlu; same sort,
the value of the stamps in this case ranging from
a halfpenny to fourpeiue ; every iidvertiwment
was taxed two shillings. No contract Hhoiild be
of any binding force uiiIchs written on paper
bearing the royal stamp. The news of the liiitc'
fill act swept over America like a thundercloud.
. . . The mulllcd bells of Philadelphia and
lioslon rung a funeral pial ; and the people said
it was till' iliatli knell of liberty, in New York
acopyof the Stamp Act was carried through
the streets witli a death's liead nailed to it, anila
nlacard bearing this inscription : " The Follvof
Knglaiid and the Uuiii of America." — lliu-
I'ATu's U. S.,cli. :»7, p. '2XU.
ftft'JI. TAXATION by Repreientatlvei. Amrr-
iftm Hfnilntioii. The more ininiediate cause of
the Uevolution was the passage by Parliament of
a ii'iihIht of urtit (It'Mnictire of rotonuil li/itrti/.
Tliese acts were resisted by the colonies, and tlio
attempt was made by Great Jiritain to .'iiforco
them witi" the bayonc'. Tlic subject of this un-
just legislation, which extended over a jHTiod of
twelve years Just preceding tiie war, was the
((uestlon of taxation, it Is a well grounded prin-
ciple of I'jnglish common law that tiie tx'opio, by
tliei. representatives in the House of Commons,
have tho right of voting whatever taxes and
customs are necessary for the sujiport of tho
kingdom. The Amefii'an colonists claimed tho
full rights of KngHshmcn. With good reason
it was urged tliat the general as.semblies of colo-
nics held the same relation to the American peo-
ple as ilid the Hoime of (.'ommons to the peopio
of Kngland. 'I'lie English ministers riiplied that
Parliament and not tlie (rolonial assemblies was
the prsiper body to vote; taxes in any and all
parts of tlin Dritish empire, "lint wo arc not
represented in Parliament," was the answer of tho
Americans ; " the House of Commons may there-
fore Justly assess taxes in England, but not in
America." " Many if the towns, boroughs, and
shires in these British isles have no representa-
;ives in Parliament, and yet the Parliament
taxes them " replied the ministers, now driven to
sojilii.stry. " If any of your towns, boroughs, and
slures are not represented in the House of Com-
mons, they ou(/ht to be," was the American re-
joinder ; and tliere the argument ended. Such
were the essential point.s of tlie coutrovtTsy. —
RiDi'ATii'fl U. S., ch. 87, p. 280.
5533. TAXATION resisted, Illegal. New Tfamp.
.ihirc Colon I/, 1B84. [Charles II. appointed Ed-
ward Cantield, a notorious fortune-seeker, gov-
ernor, who expected a harvest of fines ind for-
feitures.] Illegal taxes could not be gathered ;
as.sociations were formed for mutual support in
resLsting their collection. At Exeter the shcriir
was driven off with clubs, and the farmers' wives
had prepared hot water to .scald his ofRcer if he
had attempted to attach jiroperty in the hon.se
At Hampton he was beaten, foblwd of hi.s
sword, .seated ui>on a horse, witli a rope rouui/
TAXATH)N--TAXKH.
i\ri7
liin neck, itiiil iniivcvcfl out of llif pro»iri(i', . . .
KiotiTH . . . \vi IT rcNciird liy a mw rioi ; If , . ,
till' niilitin were onli rrd out, not n man oU'vcii
llir Huiiiiiioiis. - Ham iiuKTH I . S., vtil, )i, cli. I'.'.
AA>i:i. T. XATION, Rulnoui. Fmii,;: Ah If
till- protci'lioii ol iiiiiiiiiluriiircs iK'i'ili'il ri'stric
I JoiiM on l,li(t I'xcliun^^'s of the |ii<i<liii'ts cf the
iMi'll., till' wiiliri'iii;; proliiliilion of till' I'Xiioi't of
^^riiiii Inul iloonicil liir^'r Inlet's of luinl to lir iIch
olatcly fiklliiw. Iniliri'i't iiixi's, ti. tlir niinilirr of
itt li'iiMt It'll tlioiiHaiiil, hriiiKinu; with llii'iii nin
toin-lioiiscs lii'lwi'cii pi'oviiKTs, anil ciistoin-
liiiiiHitH on till' froiiliiT, and ii liiindri'd tlioiiMaiid
lax Kiitlii'ri'rs, left liilli- "to tin- prasaiit lint
I'Vi'H to wci'p with." MANcmn-'Trt i'. S., vol. ."i,
rli. a.
AA'il. TAXATION by SUmpi. Sl,niiii-t,i.r in
(UlonifM. llnli'SM Hlani|iH wcio iihciI, inaiiiiifjfi'^i
would Ih! null, iioti's ot liand vuIiicIi'hs, hIiIph at
>i(!a pri/.tjs lo the tli'Ht caiilorH, Hiiitn ul law inipos
HJIilc, iriitisforH of r(!iil <'Nliiti>lnvulid, inlinitaiici'^:
irriicliiliimlilc. — Hanchokt'h U. S., vol. 5, cli. 10.
AA'iS. TAXES, Dntruotire. <'<>n^t<iiiliiir. To
tlursi) f^ricvanrrs may hi' added the op|)n'n.siv('
liixi'x. Till! word iiiilirtiim, wlilrli wrvt-H to hh
(•crtaiii the iiliroiiolony of the iniddl«! ii>t''H, was
iliTivcd from tlio iirailici! of tin? rinpcror'n hI^ii
\i\ii with lii)4 own liiind iiii fdirt prcscriliin^ the
annual mcasiirt' of tin Irihuti' to Ik; Irvii'd, and
the term allowi'd for payin"nl of it. The inciiH
urc! or ipiaiililv was ascertuiiit-d hv a onuu^, or
siirviiy, made liy inTsons appoinlcii for that piir
|io.s<!, tlirou;^'li all lliii proviii('r.M, who mi'iiKuri'd
till! lands, took iccount of their nature, whether
tiralile, pa-<ture, wood, or vii' 'yard, and inadeaii
estimate of their medium vii i ; ', from an avera^'i^
prod'.iee of live yeaiN. The numhers of slaves
and of cuttle were likewisi- reported, and the
liroprii'lors were examiiied on their oatli as to
the true state of their all'airs. I'art of the trili
iito specilled hy the indiitioii was paid in money,
and part in the iiroduee of the land ; and so ex-
orliilant wen; these taxis, that the husliundmen
found it their interest tii let their ""Ids lie uneul-
tiviited, as tho hurdens ineivased in a greater
proportion to tin; |irodu('i; than their iirolits.
Menee the as^rieiilture of the I^)man provineeH
was almost ruined, and population, whieh keeps
jiaeo with plenty, irnidually diminiHlied. — Tvt-
1. Kit's lIiHT., Hook ."», ell. ;{, p. !)\~).
A5;l((. ■ . Ti> Afjrindfinr. Malmi's-
bury writes thus of Iheyeiir 101)2 : " On aeeount
of the heavy Irihute which the king [William
II.], while in Normandy, had levied, »jj;ri(!ulture
faileii ; of which failure the immediate con.se-
quenoc was a famini;. This also gaining ground,
a mortality onsiusd, so general that the dying
wimtod attendance and the dead burial." [The
king Imd takcMi all the store.s for seeding the
following year. J — Knkjut's Eno., vol. 1, cIi. 10,
p. 235.
HMt. TAXES, DistarbancM from. France.
tWhen Anne of Austriii held the regency of
i'rance, she replenislied her empty treasury by
levying a] tax upon all articles of merchandise
brought for sale to the capital, whether by land
or water, levied indiscriminately upon all classes ;
and it is curious that this impost, less open to
objection than others on the score of equity,
sbould have been the proximate cause of the vio-
lent disi 'rbarH'eM « hU h followed. — Stiidkms'
Fii\N» K, eh 20, ^ :•
A.VJN. TAXES legiiUted, JlrilM. That thf
king eoiild not iiiipuM' Ihms wllhoiil the eiiii->i'iil
of I'urliameiit is Miliiiilted to have liein, rrniii
lime imnieniorial, a fuiiilMiiii'iilal law of I'ji).'-
liiiid. It WHS amiiiig the ai'tiiliH \^llilh .loliii
was eoiiipelled by the lialiiliH to Nijili. llilwiilil
I. ventured lo lileiik thluiivdl the rule; lilil
able, powerful, and tiopular as he was, he i ii-
eountel'ed all oppositluli lo wliii h lie liiiiiid it
expedient to yield. lie eoveliiilllid in i nlilillg-
'v, In express teriiis, f.tr hiiiiself iiml his lieii>,
tliat they would never again lew any iiid with
out the assent and good will of the chtiilis id
th(! realm. His powerful and vietnrioiis grand-
son alteinp'eil to violate this soleiiin ennipiut ;
hut the iittempt was strenuously willi^touil. At
length the I'lantiigeiiets gave up \U{\ point in
ileHpair.- .Ma(ai:i,ay'h Kno., eh. 1, p. 21».
A.VJO. TAXES, Meroileu. Ai/rir„ltiir,\ Kad-
iier relateK that in the inereileHN taxation of that
reign |of Henry 1,| the very doors were taken oil'
the houses when the people could no longer pay ;
and another contemporary writer says that a
li'iio)) of nnlia|>py ciillivators came, on one oi -
eiiMion, to the king's palace, and threw down their
iloiigbsliares at his feel, for the capiliil was «x-
lausled which alone could set the ploughs tit
work. — KMiiiiTs Knu, vol. ], cli. li.p. 247.
A5:iO. TAXES muUiplied. Khiikihh In liritain.
The great " procurator," or revenue ollieer ol
the province had his sulioi'iliniiteN in every < ity
to look after the " curiales" lotllcial persons of
laniled proiierty. I'esiding witliiii city wallsl, and
to take s|ieeial cure that no lenity in'terl'eieii with
t!ie rigid collection ol the poll tax, ilie funeral-
tax, the auction-tax, the tax on the sa'.' of slaves,
the tithe of milling prodiiee, and the IriKute of
eoiii, hay, and cattle. Horn; times the It ^y wa.s
just ; often it was frightfully oppiesi ' '. . . .
*rhe curia were bound lo collii I what was im-
losed, and were responsible for aiie deficieni y.
Date about A.n. UOO.J — Kniuiit's Knu., v»I. i,
( h. :i, p. 4r,.
55:11. TAXES, Odious, llriyn of Charlrs II.
The tax on rhiiiineys, though less productive,
raised far louder inurmuis. The diseontent ex-
cited by direct imiHi.sIs is, indeed, almost alwa_\s
out of proportion to t.ii' quantity of nioiiey whieh
they bring into tlu; Exche<iuer ; and tlii^ lax on
chimneys was, even among direct imposts, pe-
culiarly (Mlioiis, for it could Iw levied only by
means of domiciliary visits, and of such visits
the English have always been inii>atient to a de-
gree! whieh the jieople of other countries can but
faintly conceive. The poorer hoiiseboiders were
fr»!(iuently unablc! to pay their hearth money to
till! day. When this happened, their furniture
was distrained without mercy ; for the tax was
farmed ; and a farmer of taxes is, of all creditors,
proverbially the most rapacious. The collectors
were loudly accused of jwrforming their unpop-
ular duty with harshness and in.solence. It was
said that, as soon as they appeared at ihe thresh-
old of a cottage, the children began to wail, and
the old women nin to hide their earthen ware.
Nay, the .single bed of a poor family had some-
times been carried away and sold. The net an-
nual receipt from this tax was £200,000. — Ma-
caulay's Eno., ch. 9, p. 268.
<::>S
TAXKS— TEACHER.
1;
! f
■
53:i*i. TAXES, Oppressive, h'oimn. Tin- Ro-
man tux, or capildiion, on llic i)ro|)riotors of
land wocld have siilTfri'd a rich iind nunuTous
t liuss of free citizens to escape. Witii the view
of uliiirinij tliiU .species of wealth whicli is derived
Iroin a't or lal)or, and which exists in money
or in merchandise, tiie emperors imposed a dis-
tinct and p(irsor.ai : ilmle on tlie trading jiiM't of
lh(!ir sid)je(rts. Soimc exemi)ti(»ns, very strictly
< onlined both in time lind place, were allowed to
I ill' proprietors who disposed of the jjroduce of
llieir own ('Slates. Home iiidu!g('n"e was grant-
ed to the profession of the liheni' arts ; but ev-
' ry other branch of c.mmercial industry was af-
fected Dy the severity of the law. The honora-
ble m'„r''hant of Alexandria, \\h() imported the
g(Mns and spices of India for the use of the west-
ern world ; tlh: I'suriT, who derived from the in-
terest of money a silent and ignondnioiis i)rolit :
the ingenious manufacturer, the diligent mechan-
ic, an(l even the most obscure retailer of a s.'-
• luestered village, \V(t;i obliged to adndt the of-
licers of the revenue into the partni'rship of their
gain ; and the sovereign of thi! Itoman empire,
who tolerate(i the profession, consented to share
tlir infamous salary of public i)roslitutes. As
this general tax upon industr}' was collected ev-
ery fourth year, it\vas styled Mk^ Limtrdl Coiitri-
hnlum ; and tlie historian Zosimus laments tliat
the approach of the fatal period was announced
by the tears and terrors of the cif i/ens, -who were
often compelled by the imiK'nding scourge to em-
brace the most abhorr'Ml and unnatural meth-
ods of jirocuring th(^ sum at which their ])ro|i-
erty had beeuassessed. — (Jihijo.n's Komk, ch. 17,
1>. 149.
*55;J3. . 2\i;r. York. When the
Swedes, naturallj aijuietand submissive peojile,
resisted the uetions of the government, they were
visii^'d with additional severity. Jf there is any
more murmuring again.st the taxes, make tliem
so hei'vy that the ;.eople can do noihing but
think how to pay them, said Lovelace [the
second Governor of New York] in Ids instruc-
tions to his deputy. — RiDr.\Tn's U. S., di. 20,
1). 173.
5531. TAXES, BebellioD against. Dutii on
Cloth. [In i:{81 a] bloody riot took place at Rou-
<-n, ineonsccpience of the propo.sal of a new duty
upon cloth ; the burghers* /u.shed to arms, iiud
liaving proclaimed a wealdiy clotliier King of
liouen, in.sisted on his i.s,suing an edict repealing
the tax, and holding up the officers of the rev-
enue to public execration. The unfortunate col-
lectors were plundered, in.sulted, and violently
■Iriveu from the city ; an attack was next made
upon the castle, ia which the governor was kill-
« d ; the clergy were also assaulted and maltreat-
ed. . . . The chief authors of the revolt were
executed, and the duty upon cloth was levied by
threats and force. . . . Emboldened by this suc-
cess, the court attempted to enforc? at Paris an
excise-duty upon produce exposed for .sale in tlie
markets. Tlie step was energetically resisted ;
the popular wrath exploded at once, and the cap-
ital was ill full insurrection. . . . No sooner had
the ferment subsided than arrests were made in
every part of Paris, and the wretched prisoners,
without any public condemnation, were di.s-
jiatched by a secret and odious mode of execu-
tion — they were inclosed in sacks, and thrown
at dead of night into the Seine.— Students'
Fk.vn(K, ch. 11, t; 1.
5535. TAXES, Ruinous. Fraucf. a. i). 1774.
Ueigi' of Louis X\T.| The annual expen.scs
argi'ly exceeded the revenue, and extortions to
mcvt the delicit fell on the humble and the weak.
Yet the chief tiiiancial ollicers grew enormously
rich. . . . Till' land tax, the poll tax, the bc^t
lilhcs of the produce; for the jiriesl, twentieths,
military .-service, taxes on consumption, labor on
the highways, crushed the jiea.santry. Tlu; in-
(lir(!Ct taxes'were farmed out to conmwssioners,
who had power to enforce extortionate demands
by suniiuarily sending demurrers to Die galleys
or thescaJlold. — Hanchokt'h U. S., vol. 7, ch. 7.
5536. TEACHER punished, The. Jiy Miolari^.
A schoolmaster, designing to betray tlie Falc-
rians by means of their children, took them every
day out of the city to exercise, kee|)ing pretty
cl()se to the walls at lirst, and wlien their exer-
cise was over led them in again. Ry degrees he
took them out farther, accustoming them to di-
vert themselves freely, as if they liad nothing to
fear. At last, having got them altogelhei, lu;
brought them t() the Roman advanced guard, and
delivered them uj) to be carriid to C'amilliis.
"When he came into his presence, he .said lie
was the si hoolniaster of Falerii, but preferring
his favor to the obligations of duty, lie cami! to
deliver uji those children to liim, and in them
the whole city This action appeared very
shocking to C 'Uus, and he said to those that
were by, " \\ ..t best is a savge tiling, and
wades through ,i sea of violence and injustice ;
yet even war itself lias its laws, which men of
honor will not depart from ; nor do they so pur-
sue victory as to avail themselves of act.s of vil-
lainy a'id baseness. For a great general should
only rely on his own virtue, and not upon the
treachery of others." Then he ordered the //r-
fors to tear off the wretch's clothes, to tie his
hands liehind him, and furnish the boys with
rods and scourges, to jnini.sh tlie traitor, and
whip him into the city. — Plutakch.
553T. TE£.f!HER, Relation of. Aristotle. [King
Philip secured him to be the teacher of young
Alexander. See No. 35!?9.] Alexander likewise
discovered no less esteem for his master, whom
he believed himself bound to love as mufh as if
he had been his father, declaring that he was
indebted t(. the one for living, and to tlie other
for living well. The progress of the pupil was
equal to the care and abilities of the preceptor.
He grew passionately fond of philosophy, and
learned the several branches of it, but Milh the
discrimination suitable to his birth. Aristotle
endeavored to improve his judgment by laying
down sure and certain rules, by which he might
distinguish just and solid reasoning from what
is merely specious, and by accustom! ng him to
separate in discour.se all such parts as only
dazzle from those which are truly solid, and
should constitute its whole value. — Rollin's
Hist., Book 15, §1.
5538. TEACHER, Sesnonsibility of. Philip of
Macedon. His queen Olympias . , . was deliv-
ered ... of a son, Alexander, justly denomi-
uaied the Great. On this event, Philip wrote to
the philosopher Aristotle in these emphatic
words, truly worthy of a king : " Know th«t a
son is born to us. We thank the god.s, first, for
':ia
TEACIIEU— TEMPERANCE.
0u9
th(!ir exroUcnt gift, and, secondly, that it is bc-
Ktowcd in tiie uge of AriHlotlc, who, we trust,
will render him a son worthy of his father, and
a prineu worthy of Alaeedonia." — Tytleu'b
Hist., Book2,ch. 3, p. 170.
55;i». TEACHER, Value of. To Ahwinder. I
<lo not know whether any prince in the world
Jiad a nobler education than Alexander, lie
was very conversant in eloquence, poetry, polite
Jearning, the whole circle of arts, and {he most
al).stnicted and most sublime sciences. How
Jiappy was he in meeting with .so great a precep-
tor ! None but an Aristotle was lit for an Alex-
ander. I am overjoyed to tind the disciple jmy
so illustrious a testimony of resjiect to his mas-
ter, by declaring he was more indebted to him in
one Sense than to his father, a. man who thinks
and speaks in this manner mu.st be fully sensi-
ble of the gr(!at advantages of a good eilucation.
— RoLLiN'a Hist., Book 15, g 11).
5540. TEACHERS, Pay of. Athenian. The
Athenian professors were piud by their disciples,
according to their mutual wants and abilities ;
the price appc^ars to have varied from a mina to
a talent ; and JsocratciS himself, who derides the
avarice of the sophisis, required, in his school of
rhetoric, about ill^O from each of his liundrcd
])upils. The wagi^s of industry are just and h(m-
orable, yet the same Isocrates shc'd tears at the
tirst receipt of a stipend ; the Sloic might blush
when he M'as hired to i)reach the contempt of
money ; and I should be sorry to discover that
Aristotle or Plato so far degenerated from the
example of Socrates as to exchange knowledge
lor gold. But some property of lands and
Jiouses was settled bv the permission of the laws,
and the legacic; of decea.sed friends, on the
]»hilo.sophic chairs of Athens. P^picurns be-
((ueathed to his di.sciples the gardens which he
liad purchased for eighty minic, or ilSfiO, with a
fund sufficient for their frugal .subsistence and
monthly festivals, and the i>atrimony of Plato
atforded an annual rent, which, in eight cen-
turies, w.is gradually increa.sed from three to
one thoasand pieces of gold. — Gibbon's Rome,
ch. 40, p, 106.
5541. TECHNICALITIES, Strenuous for. Ahra-
hain Lincoln. " Judge ," said he, " lield the
strongest ideas of rigid government and close
c'onstruction that I ever met. It was said of him
on one occasion that li^i would hang a man for
blowing his nose in the street, but he would
(;.iiish the indictment if it failed to specify which
hand he blew with." — R.vvmond's Lincoln,
p. 754.
554*. TELEGRAPH, Value of. Tvealy of
Ghent. On the 18th of February the treaty was
ratified by the Senate of the United States, and
])eace was publicly proclaimed. It was in the
interim between the conclusion of the treaty and
the reception of the news in the United States
that the battle of New Orleans was fought. A
telegram would have saved all the bloodshed. —
RiDPATii's U. S., ch. 51, p. 414.
5543. TEMPER, Command of. Thevmtodes.
Eurybiades said : ' Do not you know, Themis-
tocles, that in the public games such as rise up
before their turn are chastised for it V" " Yes,"
answered Themistocles ; " yet such as are left
behind never gain the crown." Eurybiades,
upon this, lifting up his staff, as if he intended
to .strikf! him, Themistocles .said : " Strike if you
please, but hear nie." The Laceda'moiiiaus, ad-
miring his command of temper, bade him speak
what he had to say.— Pi.I'Takch's Thkmibto-
CI.KS.
5544. TEMPERAMENT, Changeful. HcnryH.
[ilcnry II.] is dc.serii)ed as a lain!) when in
good humor, but a lion or worse than a lion
when seriously angry. — Kmiiht's Kncj., vol. 1,
ch. 19, p. 279.
5545. TEMPERANCE, Allies of. Tea and
Coffee. AVhile tea and coll'ee were taxed in
their liquid state, and families sent to the coffe(!-
liouse for a ([uart of the j)recious infusions, it
was observed excess in drinking, especially
about London, was somewhat lessened througii
their use. — Knkhit's Kno., vol. 5, ch. 3, p. 88.
5546. TEMPERANCE of Athletes. (Irerian.
Those who were designed for this profession fre-
quent(!d, from their most lender age, the Gym-
nasia or Pahesira', which were a kind of acadc-
ndes maintained for that jnirijose at. the public;
cxi)ense. In these jjlaccs, such young peo]>l(;
were under the direction of dilTcrcnl masters,
who employed the most effectual methods to
inure their bodies for the fatigues of IIk^ public
games, and to train them for the combats. The
regimen they were under was very hard and
severe. At first they had no other nourishmei'.t
than dried figs, nuts, soft chee.se, and a coarse;
heavy sort of bread, called /^dCa. They were ab-
solutely forbidden the use of wine, and enjoined
continence. — Roli.in's Hist., Book 10, ch. y,
p. 424.
5547. TEMPERANCE, Beginning in. MrU
Organization. The earliest organization to stem
the torrent of intemperance in this republic
w.)uld seem to have been that of " The Temper-
!iie Society of Moreau and Northumberland"
(Saratoga Co., N. Y.), which was instigated bv
])r. B. J. Clark, of Moreau, in ISIarch, 1808, anil
constituted by the signature of forty-three mem-
bers, mainly substantial farmers of the two
towns named. Their constitution stipulated that
"No member shall drink rum, gin, whiskey,
wine, or any distilled spirits, or compositions of
the same, or any of them, excei)t by the advice
of a physician, or in case of actual disease (also
excepting wine at public dinners), under penalty
of twenty-five cents. Provi(ied, that this articlt!
shall not infringe on any religious ordinance."
And further, that " No member shall be intoxi-
cated under penalty of fifty cents." And again:
" No member shall offer any of said liquors to
any other member, or urge any other person to
drink thereof, under i)enalty of twenty -five cents
for each offence." — Aitleton's Cyclopedia,
" Abstinence."
554§. TEMPERANCE, German. Respected. It
was not enough to have driven the Germans out
of Gaul. Ca'sur respected their character. Head-
mired their abstinence from wine, their courage,
their frugal habits, and their pure morality. But
their virtues made them only more dangerous ;
and he desired to show them that the Roman arm
was long and could reach them even in their
own homes. — Froude's C/ESAR, ch. 10, p. 39.
5549. TEMPERANCE and Justice. King
rhili}}. Philip, rising from an eutertainment at
000
TEMPKHANCi:
1 I.
i
:l
wliidi he lind silton sfvcral lioiirH, was addreKsod
by a wonmn, who hc/ircicd hitn to exuiiiiiic licr
ciiii.so, and to hear several reasoiis she had to al-
leije, whieh were not pleasinj,' to Iiini. Jleae-
eordinf,dy heard it, and gave sentence auainst
her ; u|)oii wliich she replied very cnhnly : " I
appeal." " llcnv !" savs Philip, " from yonr
kin;r v To whom, then ?'" " To Philip wheii"last-
in^'," replied the wi.man. The mannerin whieh
he received this answer would do honor to the
most sober prince. He pive the cause a second
liearinuj, aeknowledi,^ed llie injustice of his .sen-
tence, and (;ondemned himself to make amend.-%
for it. — lloij.iNrt IIiHT., IJook 14, 5^ 7.
5530. TEM?£BANC£ by Legislation. Sp<ir-
taiiJi. Particular can^ was taken to educate the
youth according to tlie laws and manners of the
country, in order that, by being early engrafted
into them, and conlirmed by long habitude, they
might become, a.s it were, a second nature. The
liard and sober manner in which they were
brought up inspired them during the rest of
their lives with a natural taste forYrugality and
temperance that distinguished them from all
other nations, and wonderfully adapted them to
sui)p()rt the fatigues of war. Plato ob.serves
that this .salutary cu.stom ),ad banished from
Si)arta and all the territory dependent upon it
drunkenness, debauchery, and all the disorders
that ensue from them ; in.somuch that it was a
crime punishable by law to drink wine to excess
even in the Bacchanalia, which everywhere else
were days of licens*;, and on whieh whole citi<,'s
irave themselves \\\^ to the last excesses. — Rol-
..iN's Hist., Book 10, eh. 1, ^ L
5551. TEUPERANCE, Legislation against.
Firnt CoiigrexK. The manufacture of gla.ss had
been started in Maryland, and the members from
that Stat(? secured a duty on the foreign article
after considerable discussion, and with tlu; signifi-
cant res(!rvation, iu deference to jiopular habits,
that " black (piart bottles" should be adnutteil
free. — Hl.vink's Twknty Yk.vks, ch. 9, ]). IHl.
5553. TEMPERANCE by Legislation. Eng-
l/ind, \liiQ. A petition against the excessive u.se
of spirituous litpiors was presented to the House
of tJomn.ons from the ju.stices of the jK-^ice for
3Iiddlesex. The drinking of Geneva [gin], it
was alleged, had excessively increasetl among
the people of inferior rank ; the constant and
exces.sive use of distilled s])irituous litpiors had
alrcjidy destroyed thousands, and rendered great
numbers of otlu^rs untit for labor, debauching
their morals, and driving them into every vice.
(A tax of 20s. a gallon was laid on gin. aud every
retailer was re(|uired to take out an annual
license costing £,50. The mesisure was opposed
by tlie government, becau.se it would reduce the
reveime by reducing the consumption. It was
opposed bewiuse it was a sumptuary law.] Yet
the magnitude of the evil certiiinly warranted
.some strong legislative inea.s\ire. It was .stated
that within the bills of mort: ty there were
twenty thousand luHLses for ret ing spirituous
liquors. Sudden deaths from excessive gin-
driukiug were continuallj^ reported in the news-
papers. The bill wius pa.ssed. and to come into
operation after the 29th of Sept. On that day
the signs of the liquor-shops were put in mourn-
ing. Hooting mobs were as.sembled around the
deus where they could no longer get ' drunk '
for a penny and dead-drunk for twopence."
The last rag" was i>awncd to carry olT a cheap
(|uart or gallon of the l)eloved li(pi()r. M"he act
was evaded. Hawkers .sold a colort^d mixture in
the streets, and pretended chemists opened shops
for the sale of " C'holick-water." Fond. ])lavfu!
naiiM's. such as "Tom ]{ow." "Makeshift,"
•' The Ladies Delight." " The Baulk." attracted
customers to the old haunts. Iid'ormcfs were
rolled in the mud. or pumped ui)on, or thrown
into the Thames. It iM'catne necessary in 174M.
when the consuini>tion of gin had positive-
ly increased, to reduce the excessive duty. —
IvMiiiiT's PLnc, Mil. (i. ch. 5, p. 7H.
^55?!. . AijiiiiiHt the I'txtr. |I'arli;i-
ment passed an act in 1(5(IG| for rei)rc.ssmg the
odious \nv of drunkenness, which viie wjis
described as the overthrow of many good arts
and manual trades, the disabling of divers work-
men, and tlu' general impoverishing of many
goo(l subjects. [The statute was directed against
the sins of the humble. The tine of a convicted
diunkard was five shillings. The king and his
court set the example by tlieir intemperance, but
their only fine was the odium of i)ubli(; opinion
directed against them.] — Knioht'sEko., vol. iJ,
ch. 22, ,). ;«!t.
555'!. TEMPERANCE, Mechanical. " Pcfis in
Clip." The interference of [ St. Dunstan] the arch-
bishop with the social cu.stoms of the peoph;
is one of the stories told to his honor. They
were in the habit of quarrelling abcmt the (pian-
tity that each man .should drink out of tlie com-
mon cup ; and he enacted that pegs should be
put in the vessels, that no thirsty soul should
take more than his just proportion. [He was
prime-minister to King Edgar, A.l). 95^-975.]
— Knioht's EN<i., vol. 1, ch 10, p. 146.
5555. TEMPERANCE and Politics. John lA>rh\
[William III. otl'ered him a nussiou to Uranden-
hurg, which he decline<l.] " If I have rea.son to
apprehend the cold air of the country, there is yet
another thin"- in it as inconsistent with my con-
stitution, and that is their warm drinking. . . .
1 imagine, whatever I may do tlierc myself, the
knowing what others are doing is at least one
half of my business, and I know no .such rack in
the workl to draw out men's thoughts as a well-
managed iMjttle. If, therefore, it were tit for me
to advise in this case, 1 should think it more for
the king's interest lo send a man of equal parts
that could drink his .share than the .soberest man
in the kingdom." — Fowi.ku's Looke, oh. 4.
5556. TEMPERANCE possible. B-o'iihifioii.
[I'l 1653 the House of Commons voted that no
wines should be imported into the conunon-
wealth. The French minister told the council
" they coidd not do without our wines." They
answered him jocosely that men soon got ac-
customed to anything ; and that as they had,
without inconvt'nience, dispensed with a king,
contrary to the general belief, so they could
also dispense with French wines.] — Knight's
Eno., vol. 4, ch. 10, p. 152.
555r. TEMPERANCE, Practical. Napoleon T.
The emperor and empress usually dined alone.
The dinner consisted of but one course, pro-
longed by the dessert. The only wine he drank
was a light French wine mingled with water.
Ardent spirits he never drank. The dinner usu-
TK.MP1:HAX( i;— TKMPTATIOX.
COl
ully lasted not nion^ tlmn twciiiy minutes. — An-
iioTTS Nai'omoon 11., vol. 1, ell. ','!».
555^. TEMPERANCE by Prohibition. /.'»irlni> .
In the Htiilutcs of Loiidon |a.i>. f,'!»(i| "it is
«'n joined that . . . idler ewrl'ew liell tolled . . .
iioni' kee]) ii tiivern open for wine or ale." —
Knioiit's E.Nii., vol. 1, ell. 2't, p. !)N(i.
5551>. TEMPEBANCE by Reaction. Jjimhi-
)ii>iii<tiin. Auaelionis, the philosoplier, lieinif
asked liy what means a man nu^rlil l)esl finard
ai^ainsl llio vice of dniidvi'nness, answered, " By
liearini^ constantly in his view liie loatlisome, in-
decent liehavior of such as are into.xicated."
L'pon this principU? was fi)un<led the custom of
the Lae<!(iicni()nians, of e.vposinii- their drunken
slaves to their children, who by Ihal means con-
i'cived an early aversion lo a \'\vv which makes
men appear so monstrous and irrational.
>i5tt0. . You 11(1 ('//run. [Voun": Cy-
rus visited his jj:randfiUher Astyaires, the kinij
of the Mecies, and playfully served as a cui)-hear-
<'r.] Astyaifo.s t'nd)raced him with irreat fond-
ness, and said. " I am mighty well i)leaaed, my
dear child ; nobody can serve me with a better
grace ; l)ut you have lorgotten one essential cere-
mony, which is that of ta.sting." And indeed the
cup-bearer was used to ])our some of tiie liquor
into his left liand, and to t^usfe it, before lie i)re-
.sented it to the king. " No," replied Cyrus, " it
is not through forgetfulne.ss that I omitted tliat
ceremony " " Wh}-, then," .said Astyages, " for
what rea.sondid you doit ?" " Because I appre-
liended there was poi.soi\ in the li(iuor. ' " Poi-
son, child ! How could you think so ?" " Yes,
])oison, papa ; for not long ago, at an entertain-
ment you gave to the lords of your court, after
the guests bad drunk a little; of that liquor, I per-
ceived all tlieir heads wen; turned — they sung,
made a noi.se, and t^dkeil they did not know
what ; j-ou yourself seemed to have forgotten that
you were kuig, and they that they were subjects ;
and when you would liav(; danced, you could
not stand upon your legs." " Why," siys Asty-
ages," have you n(!ver seen the same thing hap-
j)en to your father V" " No, never," says Cyrus.
" How is it with him when he drinks ?'' " Why,
when he has drunk, his thirst is ([uenched, and
tUat's all." — Rollin's Hist., Book 4, ch. 1, § 2.
5561. TEMPERANCE Reformation. FatJier
Miitheir. Those unexp<'eted scenes at Limerick
♦Iccided Father JIathow's future career. He he-
came the Apostle of Temperance. In some of
the densely peojiled counties of Ireland he ad-
ministered the pledge to tifty thousand persons
a day for some days together. Three millionsof
• he people of Ireland, it is computed, vowed
themselves to total abstinence in his presence :
and in America his success was not less a.ston-
ishing. — Cyci,()I'i;di.v ofBiocj., p. \Vi.
5.162. TEMPERANCE, Religious. Mahomel.
The interdiction of wine, ])eculiar to some orders
of priests or hermits, is converted by Mahomet
alone into a positive and general law ; and a con-
siderable portion of the globe has abjiu'ed, at liis
<'ommand, the use of that .salutary though dan-
gerous liquor. These ]>ainful restraints are,
«loubtless, inn-inged by the libertine and ehid-
ed by the hypocrite. — Gibbon's Home, ch. oO,
p. 11(3.
556:t. TEMPERANCE, Standard of. WiiMt><i.
1(111. He drcs.sed and dined at thi'ee. At this
meal he ate heartily. . . . He i)arlo(»k sparingly
<if dessert, drank a home-made beverage, and
from four to live glasses of .Madeini wine. When
the cloth was removed, with old-fashioned cour-
tesy he drank to thi^ health of eveiy juTson
present, and tiien gave his toast — his only toast
— " All our friends." — Crsris' AV.\siiin(iton,
vol. I, ch. :.'.
5561. TEMPERANCE, Strict. M"li,(,nni<<hnii(.
[Under Abubeker, the reforin<'r. | I'lie abuse, or
even thcMise. of wine was chastised by fourscore
strokes on the soles of the feet, and, in the fervor
of their primitive zeal, many .secret sinnei's re-
veale<l their fault, and .solicited their i)unish-
menl. — Giuhon's lloMic, ch. TA, ]>. 1!M).
5565. TEMPLE, Furniture of tho. Jnrish.
The holy instruments of tho Jewish worship,
the gold tabli^ and the gold candlestick with
seven branches, originally framed according to
the particular instructions of God Himself, and
which were placed in the sanctuary of His teni-
])le, had been ostentatiously displayed to the Ro-
man i)eople in the triimiph of 'i'itus. They were
afterward deposited in the temple of Peace ; and
at the end of four hundred j'ears the spoils of .Je-
rusalem were transferred from Rome to Carthagt;
by a Barbarian who derived his origin from tlie
shores of the Baltic. — GiimoN's Ro.mk, ch. !50,
p. 464.
5566. TEMPTATION dismissed. Murti/rJFoo-
prr. [After Hooper's condemnation, the ru-
mor went forth thi>t the fear of death had pre-
vailed over his constancv. He wrote; a letter to
rebut such rumors, ancl made this allirmation
therein:] "I have taught the truth with my
tongue and with mj' pen lieretofore, and here-
after shall shortly confirm the same, by God's
grace, witli my blood." . . . When, at the
stake, he listened to the bitter laments of the
conunon peojile, who .greatly loved him ; a par-
don was offered him if lie would recant ; but he
exclaimed, " If you love my soul, take it away."
When he was fastened hy hoops of iron to the
stake, he said the trouble was needless, for God
would give him strength to abide the extremity
of the tire without bands. His sufferings were
of the most lingering nature ; but he remained
calm and still to the last, and while flames
were slowly consuming him, died as quietly. —
IvNKurT's kx(i., vol. H, ch. (i.
5567. TEMPTATION, Intentional. Snmud
Johinion. There is a very good story told of Sir
Godfrey Kneller, in his character of a justice of
the peace. A gentleman brought his servant
before him. upon an accusation of having stolen
some money from him ; but it having come out
that he hail laid it pur])oseh' in the .servant's
way, in order to try his honesty. Sir (rodfrey
sent the master to pri.son. Johnson : " To re-
sist temptation once is not a sullicient proof of
honesty. If a .servant, indeed, were to resi.st the
continued temiitation of silver lying in a win-
dow, as some people let it lie, when he is .sure
Ins ma.ster does not know how much there is of
it, he would give a strong proof of honesty.
But this is a proof to whicli you have no right
to put a man. You know, humanly sjxiaking,
there is a oertiin degree of temptation which
will overcome any virtue. Now, in so far as
(ioa
TEMTTATION— TKSTIMONV
►
'<] !t
you (i|)pr(iarli temptation to ii iiitm, you do him
an injury ; iiiid if lie is overcome, vou siiiiic his
guilt." — JJoswKi-i.M Johnson, \). 'M\'-i.
M«fi. TEMPTATION, Morbid. John Ihn,//,iii.
lie had piined Ciiri.sl, lus Ik; called it. lie was
now tempted " to .sell and i)arl with this most
bleAsofi Christ, to exchange llim for the thin.u;s
of this life — for anything. If there had hecn any
rejil pros]>ect of worldly advantage before Hun-
yan, which he could have gained by abandoning
his religious jirofe.ssion, the words wo\d(l hav(!
liad a meaning. . . . And yet he .says, "It
lay upon me for a year, and did follow nw so
(•ontiiuially that I was not rid of it one day in a
month, .sometimes not an hour in many days
together, vmless wlum I was a.sle(!p. 1 could
neither eat my food, stoop for a pin, chop a
stick nor cast my eye to look on this or that, but
still the temptation would come, ' S(;ll Christ
for this, #>ll Him for that ! Sell Ilim ! Sell
Him !' " — FiioiinK's Bi;ny.\x, ch. !}.
5569. TENDERNESS with Courage. (l<irr
hnldi. As a boy he was chietly remarkable for
an extreme Icnderncissof feeling. When he was
a very little boy, he hai)pene(l, in playing with
a gnusshopper, to break one of its legs, which
afliieted him to such a degree that lie could not
goon with his i)lay. He went to his room,
where he remained for S(!veral hours mourning
over the irreparabU; injury he had done tlu;
poor inse<'t. Hut this excessive tenderness did
not proceed from weakness of character. Not
long aft(T, while plaj'ing on the banks of one of
those wide and deej) dit('hes which they have in
Italy for irrigating the lields, he saw u poor
wash'TWoman, who had fallen into the ditch,
struggling for her life, and in immin(;nt danger
of drowning. He sprang to her assistance, and,
young as he was, he actually succeeded in gc^tting
the woman out. He; has to this day a lively
recollection of the ecstasy which he experienced
upon .seeing her safe on the bank. In alfairs of
this nature, calling for the sudden risk of one
life for the ])reservatioii of another, he has never
hesitated, nor even so much as thought of his
own dan ^er till the danger was over. — Cyclo-
pedia oi Bio(i., p. 493.
5570. TENDERNESS with Besoluteness. Olirer
Cromwdl. [Cromwell exhibited great tenderness
in every domestic relation, as sou, husband anil
father. In 164H his eldest son was killed in
battle, and ten years later he calls up bitter re-
membrances out of the sacred depths of his
lieart. He was fourteen days by the bedside of
his dying daughter. Lady Clay pole, " unable to
attend to any jiublic business whatever." lie
daily visited his mother in her old age.] —
Knkiitt, vol. 4, ch. 13, p. 214.
5571. TENANTS, Regard for. John Howard.
As often as he had a cottage completed, he
looked about for a sober and diligent tenant
for it ; so that his cottage-building furnished a
most powerful inducement to reform. Besides
this, he let his cottages on certain conditions fa-
vor-'ble to virtue and good order. One was, that
the tenant should go to church once every Sun-
day ; another, that he should never go to the ale-
house ; another, that he should never gamble ;
another, that he should let his children go to the
school which he had established for them. It was
so exceedingly desirable to a poor man to has'o
one of his coltiiges, with a garden attached, al a
rent of al)out ten dollars a year, that he had no
(lillicullv in inducing the villagers to comply
with his conditions. — Cvci.orKiUA ok Ukx..,
1.. 37.
557tt. TERROR vs. Happineis. JhnnorhK.
[Damocles, a courtier of Dionysius the tyrant,
was] always repeating, that never man was haj'-
pier than Dionysius. "Since vou are of thai.
oi)inioii," .said the tyrant, "will you taste and
make proof of my felicity in person ?" Tlii' olfer
was accei)ted with joy. Damocles was placed
on a golden couch, covered with carjiets, richly
embroidered. The siih^boanls were loaded villi
ves.sels of gold and silver, 'i'lu; most beauti-
ful slaves ill th(! most siilendid habits stood
around, ready to serve him at the slightest signal.
'I'lie most ex(|uisite essences and iterfuiiies had
not been spared. The table was si>read with
proportionate magnilicence. Damocles was all
joy, and looked upon hinis(;lf as the hai)piest
mail in the world ; when, unfortunately, casting
up his eyes he beheld over his head the pviintof
a sword, which hung from the roof only by a
singk; hor.se-hair. He was immediately .seizi'd
with a cold sweat ; everything disappeared in an
instant ; he could .se(! nothing but the swovd,
nor think of anything but his danger. In tho
height of his fear he desired pcrmis.sion to retire,
and declared he would be hapi)y no hjuger.-—
Uolmn's Hist., Book i), ch. 1,^ 4.
5573. TERROR, Reign of. Fr,inr<: TIk?
(^onimittee of Public Safety . . . <'ommenced
by i)roclainiing a n(!W and hastily framed con-
stitution, of an absurdly democratic and inipiac-
ticablo character, which was inaugurated at ;i
national feti; with pagan and atheistical ceremo-
nies on the lOth of August. Next followed ii
decree for a levy i:n indssc of all citizens cai)a-
ble of bearing arms ; another for a forced loan
amounting to lU'arlyone year's revenue ; anoth-
er extorting from all landowners and farmers ii
contribution of tw.)-tliirds of their produce in
grain for the consumption of the army ; another
imposing a maximum — that is, a fixed arbitrary
price above which no provisions could be .sold —
upon bread, meat, wine, salt, wood, and other
articles. A farther mea.sure — the famous " loi
dcs suspects" — placed the liberty and prop-
erty of the whole population of France al tlu;
uncontrolled disjiosal of the government, and
soon tilled the prisons with upward of two hun-
dred thou.sand miserable captives. — Stuui:.m>-'
Franck, ch. 27, § 4.
5574. TEST for Office. lidif/ious. [Of Par-
liament enacted under Charles II.] the Te^t
Act provided that all jicrsons holding any oflicc,
civil or military, should take th(; Oath of Su-
l)reinacy, should subscribe a declaration against
transubslantiation, and should publicly receive!
the .sacrament according to the rites of the.
Church of P^ngland. The preamble exprcKsed
hostility only to the I'apists, but the enacting
clauses were scarcely more imfavorable to I ho
Papists than to the most rigid cla.ss of Purilaiis.
— Maoallay's Eng., ch. 2, p. 208.
5575. TESTIMONY, Christian. For John,
Bunyan. " One day, in a street in Bedford, iis
he was at work in his calling, he fell in with
three or four poor women sitting at a door in the
suu talking about the things of God." lie was
TESTIMONY—THANKSGIVING.
003
liiinself lit that tiiuo " ii brisk talker " about the
luattors of reli)j;i()ii, and ho joined these women.
Th(Mr expreasions were wliolly unintelli;;ible to
liini. " They were speaking of the wretciied-
nes.s of their own hearts — of tlicir unbelief, of
their miserable sUite." Hun van left the women,
and went about his work, but their talk went
with him, " lie was greatly uiTected." " Jle
saw that he wanted the true tokens of a godly
man." He sought them out and spoke with tliem
again and again. He could not stay away, and
the more lie went the more he questiijned his
condition. — Fuouuk'h IJunyan, ch. 2.
5S70. TESTIMONY, Imaginative. (Uioiihiis.
He mentions in his journal that he saw three
mermaids [in the West Indies] whicli elevated
tiiemselves above the surfacioot the sea, and he
observes that he had Ixiforc seen ."uch on the coast
of Africa. He adds that they were by no
means the beautiful l)eings they had been repri'-
s(!nted, although they jjossessed some traces of
the human coimtenance. It is supposed that
llieae must have l)een manati or sea-calves seen
indistinctly and at a distance ; and that the im-
agination of Columbus, disposed to give a won-
derful character to everything in this new world,
had identified these misshapen animals with the
.sirens of ancient story. — Iuvinu's Coi.t.MiJi.s,
Book 5, ch. 1.
5577. TESTIMONY, Trial of. Middlo Afjrx.
The ignorance of the judges, as well as the
weakness of their authority in those rude ages,
laid a natural foundation for another singularity
in their legal forms, which was the judgment
of God. A party accused of a crime was al-
lowed to produce a certain number of wit-
nesses, more or fewer according to the measin-e
of the offence ; and if these declared upon oath
their belief in the innocence of the accused, it
was accounted a suflicient ju.stiflcation. Sevcin-
ly-two compurgators were required to absolve
an incendiary or murderer ; and Gregory of Toms
relates, that when the chastity of a queen of
France was suspected, three himdred nobles
swore, without hesitation, that the infant prince
liad been actually begotten by her deceased hus-
band. It is not improbable that the notorious
perjuries occasioned by this absurd practice
gave rise to anotiier equally preposterous, and
much more dangerous to the unhappy criminal.
It wiis in the option of the judge to condemn the
party accused to undergo the trial of cold water,
of boiling water, or of red-hot iron. They began
with the performance of the ma.ss, and the ac-
cused person solemnly took the sacrament. If the
trial was by cold water, the priest gave his bene-
diction to the water, and performed exorcism, to
expel evil spirits. The culprit, tied hand and foot,
was then thrown into a pool of water ; where, if
lie .sank to the bottom, and probably was drown-
vd, it was a proof of his innocence ; but if he
swam above, he was accounted certainly guilty,
and condemned to death accordingly. The trial
by hot water was performed by making the ac-
cused person plunge his naked arm into a ves-
sel of boiling water, and fetch from the bottom
a consecrated ring. The aim Wiis immediately
put into a bag, and sealed up oy the judge, to
lie opened after three days ; when, if there were
no marks of burning, the culprit was declared
innocent. It is well known that there are compo-
■sitions which powerfully resist tlu; immediate
etlects of tire, and which, in all probability,
were not unknown in those days when there was
so much occasion for them. The third proof
was by holding in the hand, for a certain space
of time, a red-hot iron, or by walking bare-
footed over .several burning ploughshares or
bars of iron. Perhaps it might Ins possible to
elude even the dangers of this experiment,
though certainly more dillicult thaa the ]ns\.
Another ordeal was of a gentler sort ; it was
IMirformed l)y conscscrating a jiiece of barlcy-
l)r('ad and cheiise, and giving it to the accused Id
eat, who, if he was not choked by it, was de-
clared innoccnl. — Tvtleu'bHist., JJookG, ch. li,
p. 7».
557M. THANKS ezpresaed, S. Juhmon. Mr.
Sheridan told me that when he comnuuiicalctl
to Dr. Johnson that a pension was to be granted
him, he reiilied in a fervor of gratitude, " The
English language! does not afford me terms adc-
(juale to my f(,'elings on this occasion. I mu.-t.
have recourse to the French. I am peiidre. willi
his 3Iajesty's goodness." — IJoswKi.i.'s Joiinkon,
p. 108.
5579. THANKSGIVING, Duty of. Nrf/WteiK
[Henry Dorsc^y Gough, a wealthy Marylanil
planter,] was riding to one of his plantations un-
der a state of religious av/akeniiig. lb; heard
the voice of jirayer and ])raise in a cabin, and,
listening, discovered that a negro from a neigh-
boring estate was leading the devotions of his
own slaves, and offering fervent thanksgivings
for the blessings of their depressed lot. His
heart was touched, and, with emotion, he ex-
claimed, " Alas, O liord, I have my thousands,
and tens of thou.sands, and j'et, ungrateful wretch
that I am, 1 never thanked Thee, lis this poor
slave does, who has scarcely dollies to put on,
or food to .satisfy his hunger !" [He never for-
got the lesson.] — Stkvens' M. E. Ciiukcii,
vol. 1, p. 2:{().
55SO. THANKSGIVING, Threefold. ThahK.
ille was one of the seven wise men of Greece.]
le used to thank the gods for three things ;
that he was born a reasonaiile creature, and not
a beast ; a man, and not a woman ; a Greek, and
not a Barbarian. l'|)on his nioth(>r's ]iressing
him to marry when he was young, he told her it
was then too soon , and, after several years were
elapsed, he told her it was then too lale. — Roi.-
lin'b Hist., Booko, art. 9.
55§1. THANKSGIVING for Victory, l^pnii-
hih Antiiidd. [In 1.j8!), after the disjiersion of thi^
famous Spanish Armada by the British fleet of
one half its tonnage, a national thanksgiving
celebrated the victory.] On Sunday the 24th of
November, Elizabeth rode in a chariot to Saint
Paul's, in the most magniticent of dresses ; and
the streets were hung with blue cloth ; and the
comiianies of the city stood on both .sides in
goodly order, and the trophies were carried in
procession ; and the great captains of England's
Salamis were about their queen ; and she gra-
ciously saluted them by name ; and a solemn
thanksgiving was offered up, and the glory
given to God only. On that day there were also
given in every church in the land " public and
general thanks unto God, with all devotion and
inward affection of heart and humbleness for His
gracious favor extended toward us in our de.
OG-l
TIIKATllKS— TIIKATUM'AI-S.
i:
livcriinco luid (Icfi'iicc, in llic wond 'rful over-
lluow uiid (Icslruclioii shown hy His nii^lity
liiind oil our nmlicious cncinics, ific S|ianiiii(ls,
wlio Imtl llioni^lit lo evade and make u eon
ii'iest, of tli(! reiilni." — IvMoiir's Kno., \((1 ;j
I a. 15, J). 2'.n.
.'»5M2. THEATKES, Corrupted. h'/it/ZM. /•;////,-
firiil/i (kiiliiri/. In tlieatrieal represenlalions
of life then- wan seareely an atlenipl to exiiihil
ji woman of .sensi; and modesiy. — K.NKiirr's
.lO.Nd., vol. T), eh. 27.
A«'(M3. THEATRES, Dangers of. .s. J„hnn<>,i.
He, for ii eonMiderahle time used to fnMjuent liie
(fin: a- room, and weenied to take delii^rhl, in dis-
sipating: his fi;loom hy mixing- in llie si)rif;hlly
ehit-eiiut, of th<! motley circle then to he found
there. Mr. David Hume related to me from
Mr. Oarriek, that John.son at last denied himself
that (iniu.sement, from consideration of ri,u;id
virtue, sayinij : " I'll conu; no m<»r(! iM^hindyour
scones, David ; for the silk stockinjjs and whiter
hoHom.s of your actresses »!xcite my amorous
j)ropensities." — IJoswicu/s Johnson, p. ,")I.
HaW't. THEATKES, Licentiousness and. Eur;-
hrnd. Not the; least of the oiii)osinir inlluences
(against the promotion of Christian knowl-
<'d!je) waa the licentiou.sness of the .stage. In
]ftiJ7, Hiinderhvnd as F^ord Chaniherlaiii hud is-
sued an order to prevent the profaneness and
immorality of tho acted drama. The Master of
the Revels probably made no attempt to remon-
strate against iierformanees of which the whole
structure of the action was to represent ciinstity
as the thin disguise of scheming women, and
the pursuit of adultery as the proper business
of retined gentlemen ; to make lh«; .sober citizen
the butt of the profligates who invaded liia do-
mestic hearth ; to exhibit the triumphs of intellect
in the schemes of venal lackc-js to aid the in-
trigue.'? of their ma.sters, and of odious waiting-
maids to surround their mist res.ses with opport\i-
nities of temptation. Hurnet was pretty right
in lii.s antithesis — "The stag(! is the great cor-
rupter of the town, and the bad ]ieople of the
town have been IIk; chief corrupters of the
stage." — Kmght's Enc, vol. 0, ch. IIJ, p. 2(MJ.
ftSS*'}. THEATRES, Opposition to. Dr. Dtur-
.stiii. [In one of the churches in London, aliout
1630, one Dr. Dawson read the " IJook of Sports,"
and presently after r(!ad tli(! Ten Commandments,
then saidj : " Dearly Bc.-loved, you have heard
now the commandments of God and man, obey
which you please." [The "Hook of Sports " de-
lined certain amusements as lawful.] — Knkhit's
I'jN<i. , vol. 3, ch. 2l), J). 41.").
55««. . riiiiiKhe,!. [In1G3.3, AVill-
iam Prynne was lined .£r)(M)0, had his ears cut
otr, and his book " Ilistrio-Mastix, the Player's
Scourge," burned by the hangman under his
nose ; he was also .sentenced to perpetual im-
prisonment. This was the i)unishment inflicted
iiy the Star Chamber for writing au:ainst " Stage
I*lays."l— Knight's Eng., voI.'S.'ch. 20, p. 411.
5517. THEATRES restored. The HeMoratinu.
A.u. 1002. The drama vamv back in the shame-
less garb, and with tho brazen look, and tho
drunken voice of the lowest strumpet. The
jieople were to bo tjiught that Shakespeare was a
iiarbarian, and not to be tolerated in his own
simplicity. IIo was, if lieanl at all. to fiirnish
till- lil)rett() of an opera, to be- got up with
dresses and decorations by Sir William D'Aven-
ant. . . . Tho theatre was at the height of
fiishion when it was most shameless. The ac-
tresses were removed from "'i'lie King's House."
lo lieeoine the mistresses of the king, by their
gradual i)romotion from being the mistresses
of the king's .servants. — Knight's E.ng., vol. 4,
ch. 17, I). -Jiir.,
A5M«i. THEATRES and Sensuality. How, in.
Ovid employs two hundred Hints in the research
of i)laoes the most favorable to love. Above all,
he considers the theatre as the best adapted to
<'ollect the beauties of itoine, and to melt them
iiUo tenderness and sensnalitv. — Notk IN Cilii-
iioNs UoMi:, ch. 1), p. 20H.
A5M0. THEATRES vicious, llnf/ii. of Clmrhit
II. 'I'he play-hou.ses, shut by the n!"ddling fa-
natic in the day of his power, were again crowd-
ed. [After the restoration of Charles II,] The
fascination of .HC.x was t'alled into aid the fasci-
nation of art ; and tho young spectator saw.
with emotions unknown to tlK- contemporaries of
Sliakespean; and Jonson, lender and spri";htly
heroines personitiod by lovely Wf)men. From
th(! day on which the theatres were reoiK^ned.
they i)ecame seminaries of vice, an<l the (!vil
propagated itself. The ])rofligacy of the repre-
sentations soon (lrov(r away sober people. The
frivolous and di.ssolutt! who remained rciiuireil
every year stronger and stronger ftliniulants.
Thus, the artists cornipted the sjiectators, and
the spectators the artists, till the tuii^ilude of the
drama became such as must astonish all who
are not aware that extreme relaxation is the nat-
ural elTect of extreme restraint, and that nnage
of hypocrisy is, in the regular course of .things,
followed by an age of impudence. Nothing is
more cliaracteristic of the times than the care
with which tlu; poets contrived to put all their
loosest verses into the mouths of women. TIu;
comiiosifions in which the greatest license was
taken were the epilogues. They were almost
always recited by favorite actresses ; and nothing
chariTK^l \\w. depraved audience so much as to
hear lines grossly indecent repeated by a beau-
tiful girl, who was supjiosed to have not yet
lost her innocence. " — M.\f.\[:i,.\.Y'rt Eng., ch. 3,
p. 373.
5590. . En;iliKh.Vr,\. The .stage
at this i)eri()<l was either a school of immorality
or a vehicle of slander. — M.vssr.v, in K.night's
Eng., vol. 7, ch. 5, 1). })H.
5391. THEATRICALS in Churches. Scriptural
Eantx. (The plays in llu' sixteentli century were
mostly representative of Scripture events and
characters, even the most sacred ; they wen;
original!)- performed in the churches, and tho
priests were often tho performers. It was com-
mon to th(! pleasure-seekers of that day to wit-
ness tho Creation and the Fail ; tho Flood ; the
Israelites in Egypt ; the Salutation and Adora-
tion of the Shepherds ; Chri.st before Pilate ; the
Kesurrcction ; the Aiscension and Doomsday.
The groat festival days were usually selected for
their performance.j-^KNiGirr's I!xg., vol. 2,
ch. 29, p. 494.
5592. THEATRICALS condemned. Bf/ Solon.
[Solon was one of the; seven wise men of Greece.]
S()k)n went among tho rest for the sake of hear
TIIKFT— TIIKOLOUY
065
Ing Tlii'spis, wlio iiclcd liinisclf, luronlinj^ to
till) cuHtom of tlu' ancient poct.s. VVIicn the
play wiiH cmlcil, lu; ciillcil to TlicspiH, and asked
him, " Wiii'llier lie was not. asliaiiied to utter
Hucii lies bi'lDre so many |)e()|)le V" Tliespis
made answiT, " 'I'iiat tiion; was no Inirm in lies
of that, sort, and in poetical fictions, wliicli were
made only for diversion." " No," replied Solon,
givin;,f a threat strok(! with his slic'k upon the
tTound ; " hut it' wesuirerand approve of lyiiiR
lor our own diversion, it will (piickly lliul its
way into our st'rious en^^ancinents, and all our
Imsiness and affairs." — Kom.in'm Hist., Uooli 5,
I in. 8.
ft50:i. THEFT, Adroit. (ri/lijiiiuK. Lysander
liad sent (iyli|)pus, wiio had coinmande(l the
finny in Sicily, hefore him, to carry the money
and spoils, which were the fruit of Ids jrlorious
oiimi)aif;'ns, to Lacedii'mon. The money, with-
out re<'koninj^ Iht; iunumerahle crowns of gold
given him by the citit's, amounted to ITjOO tal-
ents, that is to say, 1 ,")()(), 000 crowns. G ylippus,
"who carried this consideralile sum, could not re-
sist the temptation of converting some part of it
to hi.s own use. The bags were sealed up carc-
fuUv and did not Hcvm to leave; any room for
tlicft. He (msewed them at the bottom ; and, I
after having taken out of each of them what ]
■money he tliought til, to tlu; amount of 800 tal-
onts, 'h(! sewed them up again very neatly, and
thought himself perfectly safe. Hut when he
arriv(!d at Sparta, the accounts which had been
])ut up in each bag discovered him. To avoid
punisiiment, he banished himself from hiscoun- [
try. [It occasioned a decree that punishing
with death any citizen having in his pos.se.ssion
gold coin.] — Hoi.i.in's Hist., Hook 8, ch. 2,
5504. THEFT, Cautious. S/iitrtaiis. An froi
was one that had been two years out of tlej
class of boys ; a MdUren one of the oldest lads.
This Ire)i, then, a youth twenty years old, gives
orders to those under his command, in their lit-
tle battles, and ha;, them to .serve him at his
lious(i. lie .sends the oldest of them to fetch
wood, and the younger to gather i)()t-herbs :
these they steal where they can tind them, either
.slyly getting into gardens, or else craftily and
warily creeping to the common tables. But if
any one be caught, he is severely Hogged for
negligence or want of dexterity. They steal too,
whatever victuals they i)Ossibly can, ingeniously
contriving to do it when jjcrsons are asleep or
keep but inditlercnt watch. If they are di.scov-
ored, they are punished not only with whipping,
but with hunger. Indeed, their supper is but
slender at all times, that, to fence against Avant,
thev niay be forced to exercise their courage and
address. . . . The boys steal with so much cau-
tion, that one of them having conveyed a young
fox under his garment, suiTered the creature to
tear out his bowels with liis teeth and claws,
choosing rather to die than to be detected. —
Pmjtaucii's " Lycuugus."
5595. THEFT, Educated for. Spartans.
Theft was a part of the sy.stem of education at
Lacedaemon. Cliildren were sent out to steal
from the public markets and gardens, from the
butchers' stalls, and even from private houses.
If unsuccessful, they were punished with the
loss of a meal ; if detected in the theft, they
were .scourged witii Meverily. It is a lame apol-
ogy for an mstitulion of this kind t(^ say that it
habituated them early to stratagems of war, to
danger, and to vigilance. The lalmts of a thief
art; verv dilliTcnt from IIk; virtues of a warrior.
— Tytijcu'h Hist., IJook 1, ch. 9, p. I^).
550((. THEFT, Puniihrnent of. I'rimr. When
a i)rince of the royal blood of Friince disgrac('d
him.self by conunitling robbery and murder in
the streets of I'aris, Louis XV. would not grant
a ])ardon, though eagerly solicited to do so by a
deputation from the Parliament of I'tU'is, who
tri(;d him and suspended their sentence luitil the
royal i)leasure shoidd be known. " My lords
and couns(;llors," said the king, " return to
your chamb(;rs of justice, and ])romulg!ite yoiu"
decree." "Consider," .said the tirsl President,
" that the; unhappy princt; has your .Majesty's
blood in his veins." " Ves," said the king,
" but the blood has become imimrc, and justice
demands that it should be let out ; nor would I
span; my own son, for a <;rime for which I
shoidd be bound to condemn tlu; meanest of my
subjects." The ]>rince was executed on tin;
scalTold in tlu; court of the Grand Chutclct, (jn
the 12th of Atigust, 172!).
5597. THEOCRACY, American. J,irH--Viin-
tdiin. New England, like Canaan, had been set-
tled l)j' fugitives, liike the .lews, they had ll(;d
to a wilderness ; like tlie .lews, th(;y looked to
Heaven for a light to lead them on ; like the
.I(;ws, th(;y had no supreme ruler but (rod ; like
the .Jews, they had heathen for their foes ; and
they derived their legislation from the .lewish
code. — Bancuokt's U. S., vol. Ji, ch. ID.
559N. THEOLOGY.Diffloulties in. Iufnitt' Deity.
Iliero . . . asked Simonides his opi"ion with
regard to the nature and attributes of the Deity.
Tlie latter d(;sired one day's time to consider of
it ; the next day he asked two, and went on in-
creasing in the same proportion. The j)rince
])res.sing him to give liis reasons for these delays,
he confessed that the subject was above liis
ccmprehen.sion and that the more he reflected,
the more obscure it ajiiieared to him. — Hoi.mn's
Hist., Book 7, ch. 2, s^ 1.
5.^99. THEOLOGY, Effects of. Cromwfll.
Was not merely his speech, but deep, far be-
neath his speech, lay his great thoughts of God-
and unless you understand his inner de]>th of
vital conviction, you will have no comprehension
of the man. . . . Manton, himself one of the
greatest of these writers, says Cromwell had a
large and well -.selected lilirary. Many of our
most famous pieces were then unwritten ; but
there were sonu; pieces of Smith, Caiidray,
Adams, Owen, Goodwin, and Mede, and the
earlier fathers, and Calvin, and Hooker, and
Herbert's lyrics. We think such were the men
with whom Cromwell walked and mused, and
whose writings shed light into his soul. — Hood's
Cromwell, ch. 1, p. 21.
5600. THEOLOGY, Philosopher's. Ava.rag-
oras. Anaxagoras, . . . deviating most from
the vulgar errors and .superstition, . . . was
accused of impiety. He taught that the first effi-
cient principle of all things was an immaterial
and intelligent Being, existing from all eternity ;
that the stibstrntiim, or subject of His operations,
was matter, which likewise existed from all eter-
600
TIIEOLOOY— TIIKOItKTICAL.
i ,
I;'!
nily ill II cliaotic Htalc, foiiipnliciKliiijr the con-
fused ni(liiii('iils of all (lilTcrcnt MulistanccH, wliiili
tll(^ illlclliKflll lllillll of IllC ( tCMlDl- llisl .Hcpu-
raU'd, iiiul tlu-ii coiiiliiiiud for llii; fiirinalioii of llio
uiiivorso, mid of all liodicN, aniiiiaii' and iriaiii-
iiialc. It in Inic! thai Tlialcs inopanali'd tlio
(loctriiu! of an ctcmal mind, ili(> (Jrcator and
Itulcr of the uiiiv('rs(' ; but lio, like most of tiio
iiiicient pliiloHoplieiH, Hcenuid to consider tliis
mind as united to matter, wliieli was animated
by it, as tiio body is by tlie soul. — Tyti,ku'h
IlirtT. , Booii a, eh. 9, p. 202.
A60I.
l'/ati>. The most coly-
braled of tiu; (li8eipl(!H of Hoeiates was I'iato, a
piiiiosopiier whose doctrines have liad a more
extensiv(f an<l a more lasting empin^ over tlie
minds of manliiiid than those perhaps of any
other of tlio ancients. I'lalo, a native of /Egiiia,
and thus l)y his country an Athenian, was born
about 4!U) ii.O. ... It was Plato's fundamental
docXvinii (hut from luilhiiuj, not/iiiif/ at n. proceed.
Believing, therefore, in the eternal existence of
tlie Deity, he believed likewise in the (eternity
of iiKttkr, as tlie substratuni . . . of tlit^ Deity 'sop-
erations. This vuiltcr, liow(^vcr, was in a (cha-
otic state, and endowed with no (pialities what-
ever, till the eternal mind conferred these quali-
ties upon it, reduced it into order, and thus
foriiufd the beautiful fabric; of tlu; universe, of
which the iihd or arclnjlype had existed from all
eternity in Himself. But in chaotic matter Plato
conceived that as there was an original defonii-
ity, so then! was a natural resistaiuic to that per-
fect order and excellence which the Deity
sought to produce, but which He could not en-
tirely overcome; and hence the origin of tliat
evil wliif^li "iirtially contaminates llis works ,
yet here the jihilosopher .seems him.self to \>cy-
ceive the objection from the boundless jiower of
the Divinity, as he expre.s.si^s himself with great
obscurity on the subject. His notions of God,
howevcir, are not only most sublime, but ex-
tremely refined. Ho conceived that the divine
nature consisted of tlnve distinct essences, states,
or hypostases : the first a i)ure and self-existent
Essence, whose sole attribute was goodness, . . .
the second ho conceived to be Mind, the wisdom
or reason of the first, and the proper Creator of
the universe, . . . the third he conceived to be the
Soul of the world ; as he conceived the activity of
created matter to infer an inhabiting mind, . . .
simply . . . (the soul) or . . .soul of the world. The
.second hi/postasis he supposed to be an emanation
from the first, and the third from botli. Such is
the Platonic Trinity, bearing, in its general de-
scription, a strong resemblance to the Christian ;
but diiTering in this material point, that in the
former the second and third persons are sub-
ordinate and inferior to the first. — Tytleu's
Hist., Book 2, ch. 9, p. 271.
5602. . Stoics. The Stoical doc-
trines have had a very extensive prevalence and
duration ; and tliough in some particulars pal-
pably erroneous, may be accounted, on the
whole, more consonant to right reason and more
favorable to the practice of virtue than those of
any other sect of the philosophy of the ancients.
According to the Stoics, the whole universe,
and God Himself, the Creator and soiil of that
universe, are regulated by certain laws, which
arc immutable, and resulting from necessity.
The iKitions of God Himself are regulated by
thoH(! general laws ; ycl in one Henw they may
be considered as free and voluntary, vl/.. , that
as there is nothing cxlcrnal of the universe
which God pervades, and which His soul regu-
lates, there is nothing external of Himself which
I can impel or necessitate him. Man, according
j to the notions of the Stoics, is a part of the Df
vinity. The human soul is a portion of tliat great
! soul which pervad<'s the universe. The will of
' man is subject, like the divine will, to unalter
[ able laws ; yet it is virtually free, bee iiuse man
I believes himself a free agent, and his conduct is
I intluenced by that belief. He obeys voluntarily
' and from incliiialion that destiny which he must
I have obeyed <i/> (inte, though he liiid not inclined
I it. Man' being a part of the universe which is
, regulated by God, cannot complain that he is
i bound by tlie same laws which regulate and
I bind universal nature, and even G(i<l Himself.
! The wise man, Iherefore, never considers what
, is good or evil wilh respect to himself. What-
ever lia])i)ciied to him must necessarily have hap-
|)ened arcording to the order of nature ; because
had it not been necces.sary, it would not have
happened. The pains and j)lcasur(s of an indi-
vidual are, therefore, unworthy of the regard of
Him who attends to the universal good ; Ills
pains and jilcasures are determined by the same
law wliicli determined his existence. He can-
not repine that ho exists, for at whom shall he
repine ? He existed by the necessity of nature.
Virtue, in the opinion of a Stoic, was nothing
more than a manly resolution to ac(;omnio(latc
the unalterable laws of nature. Vice was a
weak and dastardly endeavor to oppose those
laws. Vice, therefore, was folly, and virtue the
only true wisdom. — Tyti,icu's Hist., Book 2,
ch. 9, p 278.
5603. THEOLOOT ridiculous. Egyptian.
In theology, too, while tlu! superstitious worship
of the common people was so grossly absurd as
to draw on them the ridicule of all other nations,
the secret doctrines of the priests are generally
allowed to have been pure, refined, and ration-
al. One Great Intelligence was supposed to
preside over all nature. Subordinate spirits,
portions of that Intelligence, presided over the
actions of mankind, as the guardians of the hu-
man .soul, which was derived from the same
divine original, but was destined to undergo a
certain number of transmigrations through dif-
ferent bodies, before it was reunited to the great
parent-spirit. They believed in the immortality
of the soui. Diodorus tells us that they es-
teemed the present state of exi.stencc to be of no
value in comparison with that which was to
come, and which was to be the reward of a life
spent in this world in the practice of virtue. —
Tytler's Hist., Book 1, ch. 4, p. 4;}.
5604. THEOEETICAL vs. Practical. Wehxter
— Cltiji. While Mr. Webster is so honorably
perpetuated by his elaborate and masterly dis-
cussion of great jirinciples in the Senate, he did
not connect him.self with a single historic meas-
ure. While Mr. Cllay's speeches remain unread,
his memory is lastingly identified with issues
that are still vital and powerful. He advanced
the doctrine of protection to the stately dignity
of the American system. — Blaine's Twenty
Yeaks of Congress, p. 107.
TIIIFA'KS— TIMK.
0(17
a(M>5. THIEVES protected. Ihi Imw. a.i>. IDIi.
Clifslcr fair, in Hit! liiiu' of .loliii, wiisu \itv\\[ if-
Hiirl of vnpil)()iHlM ; for liy llic clmrlcr of llic
city IK) otic could be there u|)pt'cliciHlc(i for any
tiiefl or iiiiM(iec(l, except it were coiiimilled in liic
fair. — KNKitifH Knu., vol. 1, cii. 132, p. ;W1».
A606. THOUGHT conditioned. //// Um/ii ra-
tion. H\v(^denliofg. willi amazing ohservalioti
iinil Hapw^ity, Iuim inadt! a regular study of tins
ratio Itetwccti tli<* rcnpiration and tlic tliou^lits
mid oinolions ; he sliows in detail tluit the two
corrcHpoiid exactly, and, moreover, that their cor-
respoiideiuH! is one of tlu! longsou^lil links be-
tween the soul and Uw body, whereby every
thoutrhtis represented and carried out inoiiienta-
neously in \\u' expanse of tlu; liuinan frame. It
is difH(Milt to jfiv(! a more plain or excellent rea-
son of llu! tie be! ween the body and <he soul,
than that tlu; latter finds the body ab lutely to
its mind ; while, on tlut other hand, th(^ livin;;
body clin/.(H to the soul, bccau-ie it wants a
friendly superior life to infuse iind direct its life.
— WiIITK'H iSwKDKNItOIid, cli. fi, p. 5!$.
«60r. THOUGHT, Flexibility of. ,/(/Z(Vn). ['IMic
Einperoi' .luliaii was] an author, a ])oiitilT, a
magistrate, a general, andii prince. In one and
the same day he gave audien(!(! to .several am-
bassadors, and wrot(!, or dictated, a great num-
ber of letters to his generals, his civil magis
tratos, his|)rivate friends, and the different cities
of his dominions, lie listened to the nuunorials
wliich had been nu'eived, considered the sub-
jec't of th(! ])etitions, and signified his intentions
more rapidly than they could bo taken in short-
hand by the diligence' i)f the secretaries lie
pos.ses.scd such llc^xibility of thought and such
llrmness of attention tliat he could employ his
hand to write, his ear to listen, and his voice to
dictate, and i)ursm! at once three .sev(Tal trains
of ideas without hesitation and without error.
— Gibiio.n's Uomk, ch. 32, p. H!)4.
littOn. THOUGHT, Food for. Ohwrration. As
the fall of ai)ples from a tree led Newton to the
theory of gravitation, .so the slow and uniform
swinging of a lanq), suspended from the roof of
the Pisa cathedral, suggested to Galileo the idea
of the jiendulum as a measurer of time and as
a motive-p()W(!r of clocks. It was fifty years
later, how(!Ver, before he actually constructed a
pendulum clock. — ('yci.oi'kdi.vof Biog., p. 2(i3.
560D. THOUGHT suggested. Sir liohcrt Pal.
Farmers in tlir)se (k>ys generally u.sed pewter
plates at table. It happened one day that Robert
Peel drew a i)attern for calico on the ba(!k of
one of his dinner-plates, and while he was look-
ing at it, the tliought occurred to him that pi'i'-
haps if heshoidd spread color upon it, and ap-
I)l3' the requisite degree of pressure, he could
get an impression on calico. In a cottage close
to his farin-hous(! lived a woman who Jiad one
of those machines for smoothing fabrics which
worked by rollers. Having applied color to his
pattern, and placed calico over it, he passed his
plate between the rollers of this calendering ma-
chine. He was delighted to tind that an excel-
lent impression was made upon the calico, and
thus was begun the invention of the process
by which to this day calico is printed. — Cvclo-
I'EDIA OF BlOG., p. 714.
5610. THOUGHTS, Serioru. Samuel John-
son. " Alas ! sir," said Johnson, speaking, when
in another mood, of grand hoii.ses, fine gardens,
and splendid places of public amusement," alas '
sir, thes(^ arc only struggles for happiness.
Wlien I tirst entered Itanelagh 't gave an iwpaii
sioii and gay sensation to my mind such as 1
never experienced anywhere else. \U\l as .\er
xes when he vi(!wed his immense army, and con
sidered that not one of that great multitudi
would be alive a hundred veai'H afterward, so it
went to my heart to consider tliiil there was tiol
one in all that brilliant eirele that was nut afraid
to go home and tliiidt." — NoTi', in Ihvinu's
(Joi.Ds.MiTii, <h. Ur), ]i. 2(>:t.
A6I1. THREATS, Government by. ('anliintJ
Wohi'if. [When Caidinal Wojsi'y, in l.")2ri, n'sort-
etl to the old trick of voluntary " benevolence,"
tli(! .icli yi<'lded to the irrc^gular exactions| in the
form of gifts and loans, under the terror of smh
sp(!eches as one which Wolsey made to the
mayor and alderincn of London : " It were bettei
that soiiu! should sutler indigence than tiie king
at this time should lack ; and therefore beware.
and resist not, nor rullh^ not in this case, for
it may fortune to cost some their heads." —
Knkiht'h Eno., vol. 2, ch. 11), |). !{();},
56 1 il. THREATS ridiculed. N,i,ml,r,„ I. [.\fter
d(!featiiig 200, (MM) Austriaiis, he marched against
the pope's terrified army, under Cardinal Husca.
intrenched upon the b;i!d<s of the Seiii ). | Heiiio
. . . .sent a liag of truce, who very pompously
. . . declared, in the nanui of the cardinal in
chief, that if (\\v. P'rench continued to advance
h(! should certainly lire ujioii them. 'Phelerribh
menace was reported through the French iiiii's.
and was received with perfect peals of merri-
ment. Napoleon ri'iilied that hi! should be ex-
ceedingly sorry to exjiose himself to the cardi-
nal's f^re, and that, therefore, as the army wa.'-;
very much fatigued, with the cardinal's leave it
would take up its (piartcrs for tlu; night. — An
uott'h Nai'oi.ko.n B., vol. 1. ch. 7.
5613. TIME, Chan g9s by. Sunuui JohuKon
Mr. Wilkes has, however, favored me with one
repartee of Pojie lohnson, after jiislly
cen.suring him for having " nursed in his mind a
foolish discsteem of kin.irs," tells us, " yet a iiItU
regard shown him by the Prince of Wales melted
his obduracy ■ and lu; had not much to .say when
he was asked by his Royal Highness how he
could love a ])rincc, whil(! he disliked kin,t!S
The answ(!r which Pope m.ide was, " The young
lion is harmless, and even playful ; but when
his claws are full grown he becomes cruel
dreadful, and mi.schievous. " — Bohwki.i.'s .I(ui.\
SON, p. 444.
5614. TIME, Detention of. Suiudmn [. \\h
arrived with his battle-worn army on the plains
of Waterloo too late in tla; evening to accomplish
his desire.] As the light was fading awav he
jiointed toward the visible sun, and said, " \Vhal
would I not give to be tliis day jiossesscd of the
power of Joshua, and enabled to retard thy
march for two hours I " — ,\iiis<rrr's Napoi.kon
B., vol. 2, ch. 27.
5615. TIME, Estimate of. XapoLon T. [lie.
with 30,000 men, defeated 50,000 Austrians at
the battle of Rivoli.] " The Austrians, ".said he,
" manreuvred admirably and failed only be-
cause they are incapable of calculating the value
of minutes." — Ahuoit's Napoi.eon B. , vol. t,
oh. 7.
608
TIMK-TITLK.
AttlO. TIME, InTMtmant of. Xiiiiolion f. [Nii
poK^oii, Willi ollicis, WMs (luurlcri'd ul, llic hoiiMt!
of II liiii'hcr 111 Aiixoiiiic. SoiiK! Hpi'iil ilii'ir liiiu^
«:()(Hi('lliii;; Willi liu' Imiix^r's pretty wife ; iiii itii
his l».)()lis ill liiinl Htiidy.) A few yciirM iil'tcr, us
Niipolt'Dii, (Ih'ii coiiuniiiKicr ol' tlKMUiiiy of II-
iily, wiiH on liiH wiiy to Miin-ii^fo, . . . Ik- slonixd
III tlio door of tiiu hiirlicr's sliop, and ii.sl<('(l liis
former lioHlcs.s if hIk; reiiieiiiliered ii youiin ollleer
liy llie iiiiiiie of lioiiiipiirte wlio was once ipiiir-
l(3red ill iier fiiiiiily. " liidi-ed, I do," wan her
pellisii reply, "and a very disaK'reeal)le iiiinale
he was 111; waH always eillu^r shut up in his
room, or, if he walked out, hi; iii'ver (M)iide
s(!eiided lo Hpetik to any one." " Ah ! my ^^ood
woman," Naixneon rejoined, "had I passed my
time as you wislu'd lo have me, I should iiiil
now have Ixten in eomniiiiid of Hk- ariiiv of
Italy."— Aiiiiott'h N.xi'oi.kon U., vol. I, ('fi. I.
AOir. TIME, Purohaie of. VuIikiM,: (Wheii
the army of Sertoriiis came to the| inoiiiitains
adjoiiiiii;? Spain, tlu> Marliariaiis insisted thai
he should pay toll, and piirehasi' his passatte
over them, 'f'ho.se that attended him weri^ llred
with itidi;(iiation, and tliou;,'lit it an iiisuU'erahU!
thiiiif for a Uoman proconsul to pay toll to such
a crew of liarharians. Hut Ik; made li<;'lit of the
setunin;^ disf^iaee, and .said lime was the tliiiij;
lu! purchased, than which nothing in tin; world
could he more precious to a man enirai^cul in
;^real attempts. He Iherefore satistlcul tin; de-
mands of IIk; niountaineers, and pa.s.sedover iiilo
Hpaiii wilhout losinj^ a moment. — Pi,i;taii(;ii'm
SiouTomus.
AOIM. TIME saved. Wns/iiiu/ton. (Jenerai
Henry Lee once oh.served to llie chief ; " WcMire
amazed, sir, at thi; vast amount of work that you
accomplish." Wtisliin^lon replied : " Hir, I rise
at four o'clock, and a great deal of my work is
done while others are asleep." [He retired at
nine o'clock.]— Ciibtih' WAsiitNdToN, vol. 1,
ch. 23.
5019. TIME, Systematized. Petroniiis Maxi-
niitn. The private life! of the senator I'etronius
Maximus wius often alleged as a rare example of
human felieily. His birth was noble and illustri-
ous, since he desciended from the Auician fami-
ly ; his dignity was supported by an adecpiale
patrimony in land and money ; and these advan-
tages of fortuni; were accompanied with liberal
arts and decent manners, which adorn or imitate
the inestimable gifis of geniu;-) and virtue. The
luxury of his palace and tabU; was hospitabh;
and elegant. Whenever Maximus apjieared in
public lie was surrounded by ii train of grateful
and obsequioii.s clients ; and it is possible that
umoiig these clients ho might deserve and pos-
sess some real friends. His merit was rewarded
by the favor of the prince and senate ; he thrice
exercised the ottlco of Prietorian prefect of It-
aly ; he was twice invested with the consulship,
and he obtained the rank of patrician. These
civil lionors were not incompatible with the en-
joyment of leisure and tranquillity ; his hours,
according to the demands of plea.sure or reason,
were accurately distributed by a water-clock ;
and this avarice of time may be allowed to prove
the sense which Maximus entertained of liis own
happiness. — GtBUON's Romk, ch. 36, p. 460.
5620. TIMES, Unfavorable. Eir/fiieenth Cen-
tury. One of tlie grand difficulties in a historj'
] of {•"icdcrick is, all idoiig, this saiili', that he lived
I in a cenlury which has no historv, and can have
I liille or none. \ cenlury so opulent iti iicciimii-
I lalcd falsities— .sad opulence descending oil il by
inhcrilancc, always al compound Inlcrcsl, iitid
always largely increased by fresh ac(|iiiremcnl
on si'icli iiiimeiisjly of slaiiding cii|iiliil -opulent
in lliat bad way as never cenlury before was !
Which had no longer the conscioiiMiess of being
false, so false had it grown ; and was so sleepeij
in falsity, and inipregiialed willi il lo Ihc very
bone, llial, in fad, the measure of Ihe thing was
full, and a i'^reneh Uevoliilion had lo end il. To
niainlaiii much veracity in such an element, es-
peciallv for a king, was no doubt doubly remark-
able. Itiit now. How extriciite the man from his
cenlury '.' How show the man, who is a reality
worthy of being seen, and yet keep his century,
as a hypocrisy worthy of being hidden and for-
golteii, in the (hie abeyanci! 'I To resuscitate the
eiglileenlh ceiiliiiy, or call into men's view, be-
yond what is necessary, the poor and .sordid per-
sonages and transactions of an epoch .so nilated
to us, can be no purpose of mine on this occa-
sion. 'I'lie eiglileenlh cenlury, it is well known,
does not (igiiie to iik; as a lovely one, needing lo
be kept in mind, or spoken of uiineces.sarily. To
me the eiglileenlh century has nothing grand in
il, except Ihal grand universal suicide, named
French Uevoliilion, by which it terminated its
otherwise most worthle.ss existence with at least
oiu- worthy act— setting tire lo its old home and
self, and going up in llaiiies and volcanic explo-
sions in a truly nicnioralile and iniportani ninii-
iicr. A very lit termination, as I tliaiikfiilly feel,
for such a cenlury. — ('aui.vmc's Fhkdkuick
Till'. (hiKAT, Mook I, ch. 1, p. 7.
50'il. TIMIDITY in Government. Comtan-
tine. The .same timid policy, of dividing wliat-
ever is united, of reducing whatever is eminent,
of dreading civery active- power, and of expect-
ing that the most feeble will prove the most obe-
dient, seems to perviuUi the institutions of sev-
eral princes, and particularly those of Constan-
tine. — (JinitoNs iioMK, cli. 17, p. 12.
5022. TITLE authoriied. T<'miif/in the Tar-
tiir. The ambition of 'I'eniugin condescended to
I'lnploy the arts of superstition ; and it was from
a naked proiihet, whocould ascend to heaven on
a white liorse, that he acceiitiHl tlu! title of /in-
gis, the iiioxt (jreiit, and a divine right to tlie con-
quest and dominion of the earth. In a geiujral
couroultiii, or diet, lu; was .seated on a felt, whicli
was long afterward revered as a relic, and sol-
emnly proclaimed great khan, or emperor, of tlic
Moguls and Tartars. — Gibbon's Uo.mk, ch. 64,
p. 2t«.
562:t. TITLE, Indifference to. J^'ttpoleoii I.
[On his way to St. Helena.] The orders given
by the [British] Ooveriiment . . . were very ex-
plicit, that Napoleon should not be recognized
as emperor, but simply as general. . . . Wlien
informed of the decree, he simply remarked,
" They (uinnot prevent me from being myself."
— Abbott's Nai'oi.kon B. , vol. 2, ch. 21).
56il4. TITLE, Nominal. France and Kngland.
The first and greatest cause of tlie [French and
Indian war] was the conflicting territorial claims
of the two nations. England had colonized tlio
sea-coa.st ; Franco had colonized the interior of
tlie continent. In making giants of territory.
TITLK-Ton..
0(10
the KiikIIsIi kiii^M had ulwiiyM iiiiicii'iitMl upon
llio theory that tlit' V(iyu);r of SrIiaNtiaii ('ul>ol
had ^ivi'ii to Kii);laiid a hiwfid ri^lit to tliccoiiii
try from om- ocfaii to th(! other. — IIiiii'Ath'm
U. H.. ell. ao, p. 'JIT.
AiiaA. TITLE, A papal. Afrii;i. The eiithiiMi
a.Hiii of I'ririce Henry was redoiihled hy the sue
ecHM of lliese e.xperinieiit.s, and hi- resolved to
I'liiploy the operation of a new and very power
fill luotive to the proHeeiilion of hln Hcdieine.H of
discovery. Unapplied to the I'ope, Kii>?ene IV.,
and repre.s(-nlin^ III!.!, Ihechief ohjeel of Ids pious
wislicM was to Hjiread the kiio\vled>;e (d' the ( 'liris
tiiin n!li|;ion anions tlio.s(! harharoiis and idola-
trous imtions which occiiiiicd the ^aealest part
of the eoiiiineiit, of Africa, he procured a fnifl.
conft'rrin^ on the I'orliij^iicse an exclusive rl;ilil
to all the countries which tliev had discovered,
or ini^lit discover, hetween ('ape Non and the
continent of riidia. KidiciiioiiM as such a dona
tion appears to us, it was never doiihted al thai
tiiiu; tiiat the pope had a ri^ht to confer it, and,
what, is very singular, all llie Kuropean powers,
for a conHhlerahlt! Hpac(* of time, paid the most
implicit d(>ference to tin* ^'I'ld, iind acknowl-
(Mif^ed the ('xclusivo title of the Portu^m'se to
almost the wliole continent of .\frieu.— Tyt-
i.Mi's Hist., Hook 0, ch. IH, ]). '2W.
a0tl6. TITLE, Terrible. " S<-o,iri/<:»f(htl.- It
wasdurini; the retreat from ()rl(!anstliata(!liris
tian iK^rmit is rejiorted to liavi; a|)i)roa('li(>d the
Huniiish kiii^, and said to him, " Phoii art thi'
Hcoiirj^e of ( }od for tlu^ chastisement of the ( 'hris-
tians." Altila instantly a.s.sumed this new title
of terror, which thenceforth becamo thi^ appel
latioii Ity which he was most widely and most
fearfully known.— DkcihivI': Hatti-ioh, t^ 24M.
A<(47. TITLE by the Sword. Srottinh liitroiiH.
Edward I., having forfeited tlie estates of many
of the Scottish liarons, frj-anted them to his Knj,'-
lisli Hiihjects. These wereoxpelled by the Scots,
who seized their lands. Amid such freipieiit
changes, many held their posse.s.sions hy titles
(!Xtr(!mely defectiv(\ and Kohert formed on this
frround ascliemo forcheckiiif^ tlie^^rowiiifj jiow-
er and wealth of his nobles. H(> summoned them
to appear, and show by what rifjflits they held
their lands. " Hy this right," said each of them,
laying his hand upon his sword ; " by tlie sword
W(! gained them, and by that wo will defend
them." Ilobert, ai)preliensive of the (loiise-
quencesof exasperatiii!:^ this resolute; spirit of his
nobles, wisely dro|>p(;d the .scheme. — Tyti.kh'h
IIiHT., Hook «, ch. 14, p. 230.
5G3A. TITLES, Pompous. Romans. [During
the reign of C/Oiistantinel the principal otliccrs
of the empire were sivlutcd, even by the sove-
reign himself, with the deceitful titles of j-our
Hinreritjf, your Gravity, your hlvcHlcncji, your
Eminence, your Sublime and wonderful Mar/ni-
tiuk, your Jllustrious and mapniflcent Jfif/hnens.
— Gihhon's Romk, ch. 10, p. 108.
5030. TITLES, Sale of. James IT. [Sir An-
tony Shirley invented a wholesale mode of ob-
taining supplies for King James I., by the sale of
lionors. One hundred thousand pounds were ob-
tained by the .sale of baronets. A title interme-
diate between a knight and a baron was bestowed
at the price of £1095.]— Knight's Eng., vol. 3,
ch. 23, p. 355.
A«:iO. TITLES, Stgnifloant. Sfate. [The Arab
rulers gav(' to some of their sernintH tlie title of
I'lis/ia, wiiieli wart derived from two Persian
words, imi and srhati, which signify foot of
the Shah. | This Asiatic denomination goes back
to Cyrus. He gave, by extension of his au-
thority, to Ills princiiial oDlcers the name of oiio
of the meinlH'rs of his person. The adminlstrii-
tors were \\Uef/iH ; the tax collectors his lian<i» ;
the police his ears; the Judges his toni/ue ; the
governors, the viziers, the visltorrt of the nrov-
iiiccH, h\H J'eet or his pashas. — Lamautink's Tiiu-
KKV, p. 23.5.
A0» I. TITLES, Strange. Armn. |The .lan-
is.sarics, a fanatical bund of Islamites, | |)laced
between the cap and the turban a wooden spoon
instead of a buckle thus glorifying IheniselveH,
by
leir
in presence of the volunteer and iinnaid lioopH,
at their distinction of being paid antl fed
tlu- Emir. Tliay gave to all the grades of lh<
|)rivih'ged corps titles relative to the subsisleiico
of the troops ill the campaign. The colonel re-
ceived the name of grand distributer of soup ;
the su])cri(»r and subaltijrn olllcers were called,
the one head cook, the other llrst water-carrier.
Next to the standard of this band, which bore,
embroidered in wool, the cre.siu'iit and the dou-
ble-pointed sabre, the cooking pot became the
saen;d symbol of confraternity with the .laiiis-
saries, thi^ir sign for rallying for council, and
iiiori! often for sedition. — Lamautink'hTuukky,
p. 212.
S63il. TITLES, Superfluous. William I'itt. In
ceasing to be the great (-'ominoner [to become u
member of the llou.st; of Lords as Karl of Cliat-
lianil he vi^iied his sujieriority. " My friend,"
said Frederick of J'russia on hearing of it, " has
harmed himself liy acceptinga jiecraL'e." " Itar-
gues," said the King of Poland, ' a senselessness
to glory to forfeit the name of I'itt for any title."
. . . His popularity viuusIkmI, iind with it the;
terror of his name. — Hanckokt'h U. S., vol. (t,
ch. 2(5.
5633. TITLES, Undeserved. Degrees. Vices-
imus Knox, ... a distinguish<'d fellow of St.
.lolin's {.'ollcge, Oxford, a Master of Arts, do-
scribi^s. . . the most absurd forms of cast' and cred-
it as the finest genius, in one stage of tlie process ;
and in another, when "the examiners and the
candidates often converse on the last drinkinjj
iKiut, or read the newspaper, or a novel, or di-
vert theinselves as well as they can in any man-
ner, till the clock strikes eievi^n, when all par-
lies descend, ami the U.stiinoniiim is signed by
the masters." So much for the Hachelor's de-
gree, which is attained after four years' term-
keeping. For th(! degree of Master of Arts three
mon; years niusi be employed in trumpery for-
malities ; and then, " after again taking oaths by
wholesale, and paying the fees," the academic Is-
sues into the world with an "undeniable iws.s-
port to carry 'dm througli it witli credit." —
Knight's Eno., vol. 7, ch. 6, j). 111.
5631. TOBACCO opposed. James T. [King
James I. wrote a treatise entitled a " Counter-
bla.st to Tobacco." He hated tobacco-smokers,
but did not check tlieincrea.se of the fashionable
indulgence.] — Knight's Eng., vol. 3, ch. 22,
p. 340.
5635. TOIL, Contentment in. Abdolonymxis.
He was so poor that he was obliged to get his
r;7<>
T()II.-T()LKIIATI<)N.
Il
1!
Iiniiil li.v iliiy liiliitr In n jtunli'ii wllluiiiMlu' city
ills lnmcsiy 1111(1 Init'ifrily liiul rcdiucd lilm, lis
vvfll iiM iirmy iiiorr, lu siirli cxIrriiH' ixivniv.
S(ili*ly liilriil'npoii his jnlMir, lie did not ln'ur llii'
rlii-tliiiii^ of the arniH wldtli inul sliakcii mII AhIii.
I li"inK of royal hlood. Alrxaiulcr iimdi' him tiin^
of iIk' Sldonliiiis| Aliximdcr coininimdcd
llic newly I'Icctcd prinri'lo Im' sent fur. und nftrr
Hiirveyin^X Mm ullriilivcly u lonu; linic, Npoke
ihiH : " 'I'livair and ndcn do not contnidicl what
In liilalrd ol' thy cxlrarllon ; hnl I Mhonid ix'^lad
lo know with whair franic of mind thou didst
licar tliy poverty." " Would to the «'"!«," re-
plied he, " that 1 may hear this erown witheijuid
foi'litnde ! 'I'liese hands have; procured me all 1
desired ; and while I possessed nothing;, I want
lid nothing." 'I'his answer j^uve Alexander a
liii;h idea of Alidolonymus' virlu(>, so that he
IH'esenled him not only with all the rich furni
lure which hail lielonu:ed lo Siralo, liul with part,
of the i'ersian plunder, and likewise annexed
one of the iieiL^hliorinu, provinces to his dondn-
ions — UoM.is's llisr , Hook 15, ;^ (I.
•1<i:i<l. TOIL, Reward* of, Ci/niH. " Hvery-
t.liini; charms and Iruiisporls me in this placed"
said Ijysandi'r, addressini; himself to ( yrus ;
' hul what strikes me most is the excpdsitc" taste
lUid cIcLcanl industry of the person who drew th(!
plan of the several parts of tliis^rarden, and pivis
it Hie tine order, wonderful disposition, and hap
pincss of symmetry, which 1 cannot sullleiently
admire." Cyrus, Inlinitely pleased withthisdi.s
course, replied, " it was 1 that drew the |>lan,
and enlirely marked il out ; and nntny of the
tr<!es which you sep were planted witli iny own
hands," " vVliat !" replied l.vsander, consider-
ing; him from head to foot. " Is it possilile, with
tinise purple rohcs.ind splendid vestinents, those
strings of jewelsand hraceletsof jjold. those hiis-
kins so richly endiroidercd, tliat you could jilay
tlie i^artiener, and employ your royal hands in
plantini; trees '!" " Docs that surprise you f
said Cyrus. " I swear Ity the ;;od Mithras, that
wlieii my liealth admit- I never sit down to ta-
ble without havini^made myself sweat with some
fatigue or other, either in nuiilary exerci.se. ru-
ral lulior, or some other toilsome employment,
to which 1 api)ly with pleasure and without
sparin;;; myself." Ly.sander was aina/ed at this
di.scour.se, and pressini,' him by the band — " ("y-
nis." said he. " you uni truly hap|)y, and desery<!
your liii,'h fortune." — Uoi,i,in's Hist., Book 9,
<;h. 1.
'►«;|7, TOLERANCE, Impracticable. Rdii/-
ioiis. Mr. Ilallam has truly .said, " 'roleranee in
relif^ion, it is wciil known, so nnaniinously ad-
mitted (at luitst verbally), even by the theolofrians
in Hie pr(.'sent century, was .seldom considerijd
lis practicable, much less as a matter of ri^htdur-
inj;' I he period of tlie Reformation." — Knkhit's
Eno., vol. :!, ('h. ;{, p. :«).
.■S«:iN. TOLERATION, Apostle of. liogcr Will-
iamx. To this man iM'lonjrs the shining honor
of b!'in<r first in America or in Europe to pro-
claim tlu! full f,'ospel of roli,i,nous toleration, lie
ileclared to his people that the conscience of man
may in no wise be l)ound by theatitliority of tlio
ma;;istrate ; tl.at civil government bus only to
do witl» civil matters, sucli as the collection of
taxes, tlu! restraint and punishment of crime,
i nd tlie protection of all men in the enjoyment
ol e«|iial rlulil" K 'r tlicH*' iiolile iilteriinc«'i4 he
was olill^red to ipilt the ministry of tiiecliuich
at .Salein and retire to I'ly mouth, l-'inally, in
licit, he wrote a |iaper In which Hie declaration
was made that u'lUils of land. HioiikIi given liy
Hie king of England, were invalid until the na-
tives were Justly ricompeiiseil. TidH wase(pilv
alcnl lo saying that llie colonial charter itself
was void, and the people were really living upon
Hie land of the Indians. Oreat excitement was
occasioned by the puhlleatlon, and Williams con-
sented that, fortliesake of public iieace. Hie pa
r should be burned. Hut he continued to teach
Is docli'iiies, saying that <'ompulsory attendance
at religious worship, as well as toleration for th(>
support of I he ministry, was contrary to the leacli-
iiigs of Hie gospel. When arraigned for IheNc
bad doctrines, he crowned his olTcnces by telling
Hie court thai a test of church memlx'rshlp in a
voter or a public ollleer was as ridiculous as the
seleclion of a doctor of jihysic or Hie pilot of a
ship on account of Ids skill in theology. These
assertions raised such a slorin in court that Will-
lams was condemned for heresy and banished
from Hie colony. In Hie dead of winter he left
home, and beciime an exile in the desolate forest.
Eor fourteen weeks he wandered on tlirough the
snow, sleeping at night on the ground or in a
hollow tree, living on parcluMl corn, acorns, and
roots, lie carried witli him one |)r«M'ious treas-
ure, a iirivate letter from (loveriior Wintiirop.
giving him woiiis of cheer and encouragement.
. . . With live companions who had joined him
in biinishment. lie embarke(l in a canoe, |iassed
down the liver, and crossed to the west side of
the bay. Mere he was safe ; Ids enemies could
liunt liini no farllier. A tract of land was hon-
orably purcha.scd from Canoniciis ; and in June
of lltidi Hie illustrious founder of Rhode Island
laid out the city of IVovidenee.- UiDrATii's
U. S.. ch. i;t. 1). '!2H.
A4>:iO, TOLERATION commended. Cromirdl.
Cromwell's whole ideas of religious liberty rose
and ranged far lieyond tlio.se of most of the men
of his ag(!. How impressively this comes out in
his corres])on(ience witli the Scotch commission-
ers and l^rcHbytcrian clergymen after the battle
of Dunbar! " You say," he writes, "that vou
have just cause to regret f Imt men of civil eniploy-
nieids should usur|) the calling and employment
of the ministry to the sciindal of th(! Heformcd
kirks. A re you trouliled that Christ is j)reaehed ?
Is preacliing so exclusively your function V I
thought the Covenant and these professors of it
could have been willing that any sliould speak
good of Hie name of Christ ; if not, it is no cove-
nant of (fod's approving ; nor are llut.se kirks you
mention in so much the si)ouse of Clirist. Where
do you find in tli(! Scripture 11 ground to warrant
such an assertion that preaching is exclusively
your function?" — IIood'h Cuomweli,, ch. 5,
p. \m.
5010. TOLERATION condemned. By Puritans.
Tlie treatise of Thomas Edwards, . . . in his
"Oangrena" [,)ul)lislied in time of Oomwell,
and disapproved by him, sayH :] "A toleration
is the grand design of the devil — his masterpiece,
and chief engine he has at this time, to uphold his
tottering kingdom. It is the most compendious,
ready, sure way to destroy all religion, lay all
waste, and bring in all evil. It is u most tran-
Tnl.KKATION— TOinritK.
071
Mci'iiilnit, nilliiilic, iiiiil fiiiiiliiiiK'iititl evil for tlilw
kiiij^ilniii of iiiiy Hint ciiti lie liiiai^liii <l Ah uriKl
iiul Mill Is ilic tnnsi fiiiiiliiini'iitiil Mill, liuvinx llin
Ht'i'd mill H|)iiwii of nil ill it, MO u loli-i'iktion liiilti
nil crrorM in it, miil itll I'vilt. It is u^iiIiihI llic
wjioli' Niiriiiii and ciini'iit of Scripliiri', liotli in
till' Oiihinil Nt'W 'I'l'Mtiiincnt, liotii in timltiii'H of
fiiitii mill iiiaiimrs, liotli ^I'licial miil |iiii'linilur
i'onitiiitniN It ovi'i'tlirowH ail icIutinnM, iiolitical,
ci'i'li'MliiMlicul, and iToiioniirul. And wiKTruM
other evils, wlu'tiicr of jndKUK'Ht »f iiraetice, be
liiit a^iiinNl someone or two plaeeHot Seri|iliire,
or relation, HiIm is u^rniiiHt all -lliis is the Aliad
don, A|>ollyon, the deslroyer of all religion, the
ahoinination of all deHolatlon and aNtonishnieiil,
the lilierty of perdilion, mid therefore tlieilevii
follows It ni;;lil and day, worliin;; inlKhtily in
inaiiy ity writing liooks I'or It, mid other wiiyH
all tlie devils in liell and their instriiinents lie
!n^ al worii to proniole a toleralion." -IIood'h
C'UoMWKI.I., eh, ,*», p. H(2.
AU 1 1. TOLERATION, Edict of. hrntii, Fmiwr.
An eiliel was piililislied at St. Oerinains in .lanii
ary, ITid'J, l>y wliieli permission wasj^lven to the
l(ii;;iienots throughout: the kin>;doin to liold
ineelin^s for religious worship outside tlu.' walls
of towns, and all penalties enacted a/jainst them
wc-re aliolislied. 'I'hey were re(|uired, on llu^
other hand, to reston! to tlie dominant eommnn-
ion all (liurehes of whieli tliey had W!'(in;,!;fiiliy
taken possession ; to ahstaiii from preaching
against tlu! Calliolic faith ;and to leave the clergy
ill iieacealile en|oyineiit of their titlies and other
eiKlowinents. M'iiis was tlie first olllcial recogni-
tion of tlie principle of religious loieriition in
France.— Stiidionth' Kk.vncic, eh. !(}, 554.
AOI'J. TOLERATION forgotten. I'liritdiiit.
Till' Puritan and repulilieaii |)arty in Marylmid
had grown sulllciently strong to di'fy the |)ro-
prictor and ('atholics. A Protestant assemlily
wa.s convened at I'atuxent in October of 1(J.")4.
The first act, was to acknowledge tiu! Huprt-iiuu-y
f)f {/roinwell ; the ne.\t to disfrmiclii.se tlie C!atho-
lics mid to deprive; them of tlu; protection of the
laws. The ungrateful representatives seemed to
forgiMthat if Lord Haltimoro had beeiieiiually in
tolerant not oik; of th(;m vyould have; had even a
residence within the limits of Maryland. It woidd
bo diiii. lit to find a more; odious piece of IcglHla-
tion than that of Mk; iis.s(;mbly at Piituxont. Of
course the ('atlioiii; i)arty would iiot siibmit to a
code; by which lliey were virtually banished from
their own i)rovinc(;. Civil warensu(;d. Governor
Htoiu; organi/.eil and armed the militia, seized
flu; reconls of the colony, and marched against
llio opposing forceps. .\ decisive liattic; was fought
just across the estuary from the present site of
Annapolis. The Catholics were defeated, with a.
loss of fifty men in killed and wounded. 8tone
himself was taken prisoner, and was oniy saved
from death by the j)ersonal friendshi|) of some
of tlie insurgents. Three of the Catholic leaders
were tried by a court-martial, and executed. —
RiDi'ATi[H 1). S., ch. 30. p. 232.
M4n. TOLERATION, Partiality In. Cmmirell.
We wonder at sonu; things in Cromwell's history.
We wonder that in his after years, while his soul
was so blessed by a large toleration, he so reso-
lutely and intolerantly hated Ilomunlsm. We
must remember, us we have already .said, that
when Oliver was six years old there came to his
fiither'N hoUM4> in lluntin<cdon Hie neWN of the
(lunpowder ['lot ; \\v II mt remember that a
feline .lesiiitlsm was sneaking over the whole of
Kngland, and round the courts of Kiirope ;ind
Ihroitgh its kingdoms ; we must retnemlH'r that
when h«> wiiM only eleven years old the brave
Henry of Navarre was murdered in the streetM
of Paris- tine defender of ProtestantlMin that he
Was I Pieces of news like thesi' were calelilaled
to Hting a boy's memory, and to remain tliere,
and to leave a perpetual irrilatlon. Popery was
toll)' haled tlieii ; we now may iilTord to forgive
what Pop<>ry has done. Iloon'h Cko.mwki.i.,
ch. 2, p. :i:i.
A«ll. TOLERATION, Popular, OUi'ii- Crom-
Will. I lie was very liiiler against priests, and
Would not have the mass, but he says ;| ,\s for
the peoiile, what tlioiights hav(; they in mailers
of religion, in their own breasts, I caiiiioi reacli ;
but shall tliink it my duty, if they walk honestly
and peaceably, not to cause them in the least to
siitTcr for the same ; and shall endeavor to walk
patiently and in love toward them, to see if it
shall please Ood to give them another or a belter
mind. Kmoiit'h Kmi., vol. 4, ch. I), p. 120.
SH\M. TOLERATION, Remarkable. Tiwoiir.
One circumstance which slroiig'y niarksu great
ness of character in this Tartar potentate was
his toleration. He believed him.self neitlier in
tlie seel of the Lama nor in the failh of Mahnmet,
but a(;knowledgcd one Huprep;.' Heing, witl'out
any mlxtureof sui)erslilious )bservan<;es ; yet he
suiTeredall iiieii, both Mussulmans and idolaters,
to exercisi; tliei- own religions worsliip ; and
while hi; was passing Mount l.ilianiis, he is
said to have even assisted, with reveieiice, at the
religious ceremonies of some of the Christian an-
clior(;ts who dwelt on that inountain. — I'vti.ku'h
Hist'., Hook 0, ch. 1:1, p. 2(IM.
A6ltf. TOMB of Pleaiure seeker. SanUtiin-
pnhiH. [Alexander came to .Xnchiaia, liuill by
Sai'danu|>alus. | His tomb was still to be .seen in
that city, wltli this inscription : " Sdvildniipiilnit
built Aiichiiilii <nid 'Divhiih in our din/: (lo,
I'.XSSKNdKU, I;AT, DIllNK, AN I) UIMOICK, KoUTIlK
IlKST IH NOTIIINCI." — Hol.l.lNS HiST., Hook L"),
A0<I7. TOMBS, Empty. I'l/niinidit. TIk'Sc pyra-
mids were; tombs ; and there is still to be seen in
the middle; of the largest an empty sepulchre, cut
of one entire stoiu;, about three; feet deep and
broad, and a litlh; aliove six feet long. Thus all
this bustle, all this exp(;nsc, and all tlie labors of
.so many Ihousand men for so many years ended
in procuring for II ]>rince, in this vast and almost
boundless pile of building, a little vault six feel
in length. Besides, the kings who built the.se
jiyramids had it not in their power to be buried
m lliem, and .so did not enjoy flu; .sei)ulchre they
had built. The imblic hatred which they in-
curred, by reason of their unheard-of cruelties to
their subjects, in laying such heavy ta.sks upon
them, occasioned tlieir being interred in some
obscure place, to prevent their bodies from being
exposed to the fury and vengeance of the popu-
lace.— Uoi.i.in's Hist., Book 1, ch. 2, ^ 2.
ft64»l. TORTURE of Criminals. France.
[Louis XV. was stabbed witii a penknife in the
hand by a crazy fanatic named] Damiens, who de-
clared that his purpose was to punish the; king for
his tyrannical treatment of the Parliament, and to
672
TOKTUUE— TUADE.
. I'l!^
in
force him to take meiisures for preventing tlio
rofusul of tlie siicriunents. After being cruelly
tortured, the wretched criniiniil was executecl
with all the friglitful barbarities whicli tlie law
denouu('ed on parricides : his liinljs were torn
with red-hot pincers, and boiling melted lead was
poured into the wounds ; after which his body
was draggcil in pieces oy four liorses, and the
remains burnt and scattered to the winds. — Stu-
DKNTS' FUANCK, ch. "4, g 2.
5649. TOETURE, Punishment by. Iron Boot.
fit was a boot of iron put on the leg, and wedijcs
were ilriven In, commonly against the calf, i)ut
sometimes on thohhin-bone. OfHcers of the Eng-
lish Government used it to punish disloyal or
suspected Scotchmen in Edinburgh.] — Knight's
En(i., vol. 4, ch. 17, p. 294.
5650. TORTDEE, Terrible. Garibaldi. He
became involved in one if those wars between
Republicans and Absolutists which desolated the
countries of South America for so many years.
He fouglit (>n sea and on land , He wa,^ wounded
and shipwrecked. He comm.;iidcd fleets and
regiments. He was victorious and defeated.
Once, being taken a priyoncr, he was cruelly
beaten with a club, then hung by his hands fo a
beam for t\.'o hours, and when cut down fell
helple.sb to t\te eartli. — Cyclopedia of Bigg.,
p. 495.
5651. TORTURE, Testimony by. John How-
ard. In all the prisons of the Continent lie found
one horror which was unknown in England — a
torture chamber. It was a custom then, in all
the countries of Europe, except Prussia, to sub-
ject criminals to the torture, in order to coi.i[)el
them to confess their crimes and reveal their ac-
complices. ThL chamber was usually under
ground, that the cries of the sufferer might not
be heard. Clad only in a long flannel gown, the
trembling victim was led to ihis apartment,
where were assembled the magistrates, the exe-
cutioners, a surgeon, and a secretary ; and there
he was tortured till his agony had wrung from
him a conf elision, real or fictitious. Sometimes
it was the thumb-screw, sometimes tlie boot,
sometimes a chair with blunt spikes in the seat ;
sometimes it was a machine for dislocating the
arms ; cometimes it was the lash or the shower-
bath, that tried the endurance of the acciLsed.
The.se chambers of torture Howard visited, but
he purposely forjbore to lend a false attraction
to his book by describing them. — Cyclopedia
OF Bioc). , p. 50.
5652. TEACTS effective. Religions. [Dr.
Coke, in 1785, gave a tract, being an extract of
]\Ir. Law's "Treatise on the Nature and Design of
Christianity," to a fami'y named Cowles, in Wil-
liamsburgh, Va.] By means of it they were so
stirred up to seek the Lord, that the father, the
mother, and six children, who were married, with
their husbands and wives — fourteen in all — were
converted. The man who received the tract be-
came a pveacher. — Stevens' M. E. Church,
vol. 2, ,1. 287.
5653. TEADE, Contempt for. Samuel Johnson.
Being solicited to compose a funeral sermon
for the daughter of a tradesman, he naturally in-
quired into the character of the deceased ; and
being told she was remarkable for her humility
end condescension to inferiors, he observed that
tho.se were very laudable qualities, but it might
not lie so easy to d'u'over who the lady's inferi-
ors were. — Bosvvicll's Johnson, p. 175.
5654. TEADE, Illicit, Amencan Colonies.
A.D. 1703. It was iliought that of a million and
a half pounds of tea consumed anmiuUy in the
colonies, not more than one-tenth part was sent
from England. Grenville [prime-minister] held
that the contraband was all stolen from the com-
merce and |)art of it from the manufactures of
Great Britain, against . . . the law. — Bancroft's
U. S., vol. 5, eli. 9.
5655. TEADE, Inhuman. Slam Trade. By
the treaty ot I'trecht England gained the monop-
oly of the slave trade in Spanish and British
America. Controlling the trade in slaves, who
cost nothing but trinkets and toys and refuse
arms, England gained, by the sale of the children
of Africa into bondage in America, the capital
which built u,) and confirmed a British empire
in llindostan.— Bancroft's U. S., vol. 3, ch. 21.
5656. TEADE, Laws for. England. [In
1509] the complaint of tho Commons, that hat-
makers and cap-makers "sell their hats and
caps at an outrageous price," averring that what
they buy for sixteen-pence they sell for three shil-
lings, is simply evidence of lack of competition.
[It was enacted that no hatter should sell the
best hat above the price of twenty-pence. But
the purchaser really obtained no cheaper com-
modity ; he lo.st in quality what he gained in
price.] — Knight's Eng., vol. 2, ch. 15, p. 25L
5657. TEADE, Overreaching in. Egyptians.
The general ('haracter of the Egyptians, with re-
spect to morals, contributed likewise to draw
upon them the di.sesteem of other nations. They
have been generally accused by the ancients of
great cunning and in.sincerity in their dealings.
The term KvyoTrea^eiv, to play the Egyptian, was
proverbially u.sed by the Greeks to signify cozen-
ing and overreaching. — Tytler's Hist., Book 1,
ch. 4, p. 47.
565§. TEADE regulated. FLved Prices. Aa
edict was issued in the name of the four Ca3sars —
Diocletian, Maximian, Con.stantius, and Gale-
rius. It fixed a maximum of prices throughout
the empire for all the necessaries and commodi-
ties of life. The preamble insists, with great
vehemence, on the extortion and inhumanity of
the venders and merchants. . . . The edict, as.
Colonel Leake clearly shows, was issued a.c. 303.
Among the articles of which the maximum value
is assessed an; oil, salt, honey, butchers' meat,
poultr}', game, fish, vegetables, fruit, the wages
of laborers and artisans, schoolmasters and ora-
tors, and clothes. — Milman's Note in Gibbon's.
Rome, ch. 13, p. 410.
5659. . Boman Emperor Julian.
When the luxurious citizens of Antiocli com-
plained of the high price of poultry and fish, Ju-
lian publicly declared that a frugal city ought
to be satisfied with a regular supply of wine, oil,
and bread. . . . The emperor ventured on a very
dangerous and doubtful stop, of fixing, by legal
authority, the value of corn. He enacted that,
in a time of scarcii-y, It ?hould be sold at a price
which had seldom been known in the most plen-
tiful years. . . . The con.sequences might have
been foreseen, and were soon felt. The Imperial
wheat was purchased by the rich merchants ; the
TRADE-TRAINING.
o:;5
proprietors of liind, or of com, witlilicld from
tlic city the accustomed supply, and tlie small
<piantities that api)eared iu the market were
secretly sold at an advanced and ilkj^al price.
Julian still continued to a])plau(l his own pol-
icy, and treated the complaints of the [x.'ople as a
vain and ungrateful murmur. — GtiuioN's Ro.mk,
<ii. 24, p. 4(}6.
HHGO. . Eiujland. [In ir)48 the]
.sellers of victuals were to be puni.'lied for con-
spiring and covenanting to sell their commodities
i\\ unreasonaltle prices. It recpdred tliree quarters
of a centurv to show that such legislation was a
mistake. — Ivmoiit's Eno., vol. (i, eh. 12, p. 18").
S60I. TEADE, Tricks in. Eni/'toid in 1547.
{The dealer puts] a strike of good malt in the
bottom of tlu! sack, two strides of bad malt in the
middle, and a good .strike in the sack's mouth ;
th(' cloth-maker stretclies his eighteen yards of
«l<>th to twenty-seven, and then thickens it with
" tlock powder," the " devil's dust" of modern
times. — Knihiit'h Eno., vol. 2, ch. 29, p. 480.
S662. TRADES UNION, Objection to. Caxte.
In the towns the organization of trades, witli
their strict laws of apprenticeship and tlieir
guilds, e.Kcluded from compc^tition with tlie rec-
ognized artisan all those who liad not the claim
of caste — for caste it was, when a workman must
have been brought up to a calling, and could
follow that calling an<l no other. — Knight's
Eno., vol. 3, ch. 17, p. 267.
506:t. TBADE3. UNION, Opposition of. Jo ,/ies
Watt. Although there were no mathematical-
instruinent-makcrs in Glasgow [where lie first
established lumself inbn.siness], he was opposed
by the corporation of the hammermen, on the
ground that lu; was neitlier the son of a burgess
nor had served an ai)prenticeship within the bor-
ough. — Smiles' Brief BioriuAiMiiEa, p 13
50G1. TBADESUNION, Oppressive. James
Wntt. [When James* Watt went to Glasgow to
establish a shop for the manufacture of mathe-
matical instnmienfs,] the worshipful company
of hammermen, in that spirit of exclusiveness
which the lapse of a century has scarcely eradi-
cated where guilds and corporations have any
remn.ant of antiquated privileges, resolved to pre-
vent James Watt exercising his art. — Knicsiit's
Eno., vol. 7, ch. 3, p. 59.
5G05. TRADES-UNION prohibited. England.
[It was enacted in 1423,] Whereas l)y the yearly
congregations and confederacies made by the
masons in their general chapiters assembled, the
<Tood course and effect of the statutes of laborers
be openly violated and broken, in subversion of
the law, and to the great damage of all the com-
mons, our .said lord, the king, willing in this
case to provide remedy, hath ordained and es-
tablished that such chapiters and congregations
.shall not be hereafter holden ; and if any such
he made, they that cau.se such ciiapiters to be as-
sembled and holden. if they therefore lie con-
vict. .shnU be judged for felong. And all the
other masons that come to such chapiters and con-
gregations be pimished by imprisonment of their
bodies, and make line and reason at the king's
will. — Knight's Eng., vol. 2, ch. 8, p. 116.
5666.
England. [In 1548] com-
binations of workmen were prohibited under
severe penalties.— Knight's Eng., vol. 6, ch. 12,
p. 185.
5667; TRADITION, Worthless. Croinirdl.
[Charlcf I. lied at the battle of l)ind)ar.] They
still remend)er tnat day in Worcester, and still
point out many of the places connected with the
story of the battle ; and in Perry Wood, where
(.'romwell first took up liis position, tliere is a tree,
which the peh.sant shows to those who desire to
see it, where the devil, Cromwell's intimate
friend, appeared to him, and gave him the prom-
ise of victors. — Hood's Cuo.mweu,, ch. 13,
p. 170.
566S. TRAINING fo.- Greatness. Al<:vand<:r.
So ripe a judgment in tl.'s young prince was
owing asnuich to the good education which had
been given him as to the excellence of his natural
abilities. Several preceptors ".\v.i<' ajipointcd to
teach him whatsoever was worthy the heir to a
great kingd<>m ; and the chief of these was l.eoiu-
das, a relation of the queen, and a person of the
most severe morals. Alexander himself related
afterward, that this Leouidas, in their journeys
together, used fre((uently to look into thetrunks
where his bed and clotlies wen; laid, in oi'der to
see if Olympias, his mother, had not put some-
thing superfluous into them, which might admin-
ister to delicacy and luxury. — Rollin's Hist.,
Book 15, 55 1.
5669. TRAINING, Lack of. Military. It is
the misfortune of men of superior military ability
that their subordinates are generally failures
when trusted with independent commands. Ac-
customed to obey implicitly the instructions of
their chief, they have done what they have been
told to do, and their virtue has been in never
thinking for them.selves. They succeed, and they
forget why they succeed, and in i)art attril)ute
their fortune to their own skill. With Alexander's
generals, with Ca-sar's, with (.'romwell's, even
with some of Napoleon's, the story has bei n the
same. They have been self-confident, yet when
thrown upon their own resources tljey have
driven back upon a judgment which has been
inadequately trained. The mind which ginded
them is 'ibsent. The instrument is called on to
become self-acting, and neccs.sarily acts unwise-
ly. — Froude's C/esak, cli. 25.
5670. TRAINING, Lasting. Scott's Mother.
Sir Walter's mother, who was a Miss Rutherford,
the daughter of ajihysician, had been better edu-
cated than most Scotchwomen of her day, in spite
of having been sent " to be finished off " by " the
honorable Mrs. Ogilvie," who.se training was so
eifective, in one direction at least, that even in
her eightieth year Mrs. Scott could not enjoy a
comfortable rest in lier cliair, but " took as much
care to avoid touching lier chair with her back
as if she had still been under the .stern eyes of
]\Irs. Ogilvie." — Hutton's Like ok Siu Wal-
ter Scott, cli. 1.
5671. TRAINING by Obedience. Spartans.
They accustomed the children from their earliest
infancy to an entire submission to the laws, mag-
istrates, and all in authority ; and their edu-
cation, properly .speaking, was no more than an
apprentlcesliip of obedience. It was for this rea-
son that Agesilaus advised Xenophon to send his
children to Sparta, as to an excellent school,
where they might learn the greatest and most
674
THAININiS— TKAiMl'S.
f|
noble of all "ciences, to obey and to command,
lor the one naturally leads on to the other. —
UoLLiNH Hist., Book 10, ch. 1, § 1.
sera, training, Physical. Romans. In
treating of tiie nysteni of lioman education, we
have taKen notice of those exercises of the body to
which all the youth of the republic were accus
tonu'd from their earliest infancy. By the con-
stant practice of wrestling, boxing, launching
the javelin, running, and swimming they were
inured from their cradle to that species of life
which a soldier leads in the most active campaign
in the fleld. They were accustomed to the mili-
tary place — that is, to walk twenty miles, and
sometimes twentyfoiu', in four hours. During
these marches they carried burdens oi sixty
pounds' weight ; and the weapons with which
they were armed were double the weight of those
which were used in the actual field of battle. —
Tyti.kk'h Hist., Book 4, ch. .'>, p. 4.W.
5673. TBAININO, Success without. William
Prince of Oran(/e. The faculties which are nec-
essary for the conduct of great alTairs ripened in
him at a time of life when thej- have scarcely
begun to blos.som in ordinary men. Since Oc-
tavius the world had seen no such instance of
precocious statesmanship. Skilful diplomatists
were surprLsed to hear the weighty observiUions
wliich at seventeen the prince made on public
affairs, and still more surprised to .see the lad, in
situations in which he might have been expected
to betray strong pa.ssion, preserve a composure
as imp(!rturl)al)le as their own. At eighteen he
sat among the fathers of the Commonwealth,
grave, discreet, and judicious as the oldest
among them. At tweutj'-one, in a dny of gloom
and terror, he was placed at the head of the ad-
ministration. At twenty-three he was renowned
throughout Europe as a soldier and a politician.
He had put domestic factions under his feet ; he
was the .soul of a mighty coalition ; and he had
contended Avith honor in the lield against some
of the greatest generals of the age. — Macaulay's
Eng., ch. 7, p. 153.
5674. TBAITOE, Political. Mr. Uuske in
Parliament. A. D. 1763. A native of New Hamp-
shire, educated at Boston, now member [of Par-
liament] from Maiden, . . . boasted that taxes
might be laid on the colonies to yield £5,000,000
[only £200,100 were proposed by the ministrj'],
which would secure the promised relief to the
country gentlemen. This sum, he insisted, the
Americans were well able to pay ; and he was
heard by the House with great joy and attention,
betraying his native land for the moment^iry
plciisure of being cheered by the aristocracy,
which was so soon to laugh at him. — Ban-
croft's U. S., vol. T), ch. 9.
5675. TRAITOH punished. By Mother. The
great Pausanias, who had beaten the Persians in
the battle of Platiea,and who on many occasions
had behaved with great generosity as well as
moderation, at last degenerated and fell into a
scandalous treaty with the Persians, in hopes,
through their interest, to make himself sovereign
of Greece. As soon as he had conceived these
Rtrange notions, he fell into the manners of the
Persians, affected all their luxury, and derided
the plain customs of his country, of which he
had formerly been so fond. The Ephori waited
some time for clear proof of his treacherous de-
signs, and when they had obtained it, determined
to imprison him. But he tied into the temple
of Minerva C'halcioicos, and they besieged him
there. They walled uji all the gates, and his own
mother laid the lirst stone. When they had al-
most starved him to death, they Inid hands on
him, and by the lime thevhad got him out of
the temi)le he expired. — Kotk in Pi.ittakcii'«
LiVKS.
5676. TRAITOR, Shameless, lin'tin of James
II. [FiOrd Siuiderland, the prime-minister, was
apprehensive of retribution whciitlic revolution
should take place.] There was yet one way in
which he might escape — away mori' terrible to
a noble si)irit than a i>rison or a sculTold. He
might .still, by a well-timed and us- 'iil treason,
earii his pardon from the foes of the government.
It was in his power to render to them at this
conjuncture .services beyond all price ; for he had
the royal ear ; he had great inllueiue over the
■Jesuitical cabal ; and he was blindly trusted by
the French ambassador. . . Whenever he wished
to transmit a secret message to Holland, he sjioke
to his wife ; she wrote to Si(Jney, and Sidney
communicated her letter to William. One of her
communications was intercepted and carried to
.James. She vehemently protested that it was a
forgery. Her husband, with characteristic in-
genuity, defended himself liy representing that
it was'quite impossilile for any man to be so base
as to do what he was in the habit of doing.
" Even if this is I^ady Sunderland's hand," he
.said, " that is no affair of mine. Your Majesty
knows my domestic misfortunes. The footing
on which my wife and Mr. Sidney are is but too
public. Who can believe that I would make a
contidaiit of the man who has injured my honor
in the tenderest point — of the man whom, of all
others, I ought most to liate 't" This defence
was thought satisfactory ; and secret intelligence
was still transmitted from the wittol to the adul-
teress, from the adulteress to the gallant, and
from the gallant to the enemies of .James. — JIa-
CAULAV'S ENt4., ch. 1), p. 411.
5677. TRAMPS, Philosophic. Cynics. The
morality of Socrates . . . was pushed the length
of extravagance by the Cynics. The founder of
this sect was Antisthenes, a pupil of Socrates. . . .
To evince his contempt of luxury, he chose to
wear an old and Uittered cloak. " Why .so os-
tentatious '('" said Socrates. " Through your rag-
ged coat I .sec your vanity." Virtue, in the
opinion of the ('ynics, consisted in renouncing
all the conveniences and comforts of life. They
clothed themselves in rags, di.sdained to live in a
house, slept in the streets, ate nothing but what
was coarse and insipid, and wandered about tlie
country with a stick and a knapsack. They de-
cried all the arts as either useless or dangerous.
Science was altogether iruitlcss and unneces.sary ;
for a virtuous man had altainetl to the perfec-
tion of his nature, and had no need to learn any-
tl ing. From voluntary ignorance they advanced
to impudence ; and having nothing to lose, while
they scorned all gain, they indulged themselves
in satire andinvective without restraint. . . . Tlie
vices with which Diogenes has been reproached
are hardly to be believed, when we know that
some of the most virtuous of the Greek.s were
liis admirers and disciples. — Tytleb's Hist. ,
Book 2, ch. 9, p. 269.
TRANCE— TRAVEL
(iTf)
5678. TRANCE, Continuous. Himleaborg.
A Hliorl tiiiio before his deiith he lay for some
weeks in a trance, without any sustenance. —
Whitk'h S\vi;i)i;nii()H(i, cii. 28, p. 200.
A070. TRANCES, Punished for. KUzahcth
Burton. [Eli/.al)cth Harton, the nun of Ivt'Ut,
cliiinied lo iiave l)een iniraculouslv restored to
lieaitli. Hiiehad been h)ngsick, anil could not eat
or drink by a long space, and in the "iolencc of
her inrtrniily hIks seemed to be in trances,] and
spoke and uttered many foolish and idle words.
[She comnuMiced, about 1525, to liavej trances
and revelations. She had revelations and special
knowledge concerning Cardinal Wol.sey, and
also the king's highness, concerning his uiarriagc,
so that she said if he did marry another woman
his grace should not reign king past one month
afterward. . . . Shi! saw the king, Anne lioleyn,
and the Earl of Wiltshire walking in a garden ;
and a little devil whispering in the lady's ear to
send her father witli a great bribe to the em-
peror. She saw evil spirits struggling for Wol-
sey's soul after his decease. Siie .saw i)ersons
whom tlut angel of God had appointed to be at
her death when she should receive the crown of
martrydom. [She was exocut(;d for conspiracy
of treasoti, and involved Bishop Fislier and Sir
Thoma^ .More in a similar fate.] — Knkmit'h
E.\o., vol. 2, ch. 22, p. :J52.
5680. TRAVEL, Benefits of. Cnisuders. The
contemi)t with which, in llu; last century, it
was fashionable to speak of the pilgrimages', the
sanctuaries, tiie cru.sades, and the monastic in-
stitutions of the Middle Ages. In times when
men were scarcely ever induced to travel by
liberal curiosity, or the pursuit of gain, it was
better that the rude inhabitant of the north
should visit Italy and the east as a pilgrim, than
that lui should never see anything but those
s(juali(l cabins and unclcareil woods among
which he was born. — Mac.\ui..\v'8 Eng., ch. 1,
p. 7.
5 6§ I. TRAVEL, Dangers of. Swede > i ho rr/. In
the year 1710 I set out for Gottenburg, th.nt I
might be conveyed, by ship, thence lo liOndon.
On the voyage my life was in danger four
times : first on some shoals, toward wliich we
were driven by a storm, until we were within a
quarter of a niile from the raging breakers, and
we thought we saould all perish. Afterward
we narrowly escaped some Danish pirates under
French colors ; and the next evening we were
fired into from a British ship, which mistook us
for the .same pirates, but without much damage.
Lastly, in London it.self, I was exposed to a more
serious danger. While we were entering the
harbor, some of our coiuitrymen came tons in a
boat, and persuad(;d me to go with them into the
city. Now, it was known in London that an epi-
demic was raging in Sweden, and therefore all
who arrived from Sweden were forbidden to
leave their ships for six weeks, or forty days ; so
I, having transgressed this law, wa,s very near
being hanged, and was only freed under the
condition that, if any one attempted the same
thing again, he .should not escape the gallows. —
AVfIITK 8 SWKDKNBORO, ch. 11, p. 26.
568*2. TRAVEL, Difficulties of. Reign of
Charles II. The rich commonly travelled in their
own carriages, with at least four horses. ... A
coach and six is in our time never seen, except
as part of .some pageant. The frccpicnt menlion,
therefore, of such ecjuipages in old books is like-
ly to mislead us. We attribute to magniticciUM!
what was really the elTecl of a very disagreeable
necessity. People in the time of (.'harlcs II.
travelled with si.x liorses, because with a smaller
number there was great danger of sticking last
in tlu! mire. N.Ji were even six horses always
sulllcient. — MaCATI-w's Eno., ch. :i, ji. ;551.
5683. TRAVEL, Eflfects of. h'mulatwii. The
Russian trailers had seen the magnilicence and
tasted the luxury of the city of the Cu'sars, A
marvellous tale and a scanty sujiply excited the
desiresof their savage countrynicn ; the}' envied
the gifts of nature which their climate denied ;
they coveted tlu; works of art which lliey were
too lazy to imitate and loo indigent to i)ur(liase ;
the Varangian princes unfurled the banners of
piratical adventure, and their bravest soldierh
were drawn from the nations that dwelt in the
northern isles of t..c ocean. — GiniioN's Ro.mk,
ch. 55, p. 42K.
5684. TRAVEL expedited, liomanx. Ciijes
were connected with eacli other and with I he
capital by the jmblic highways, which, issuing
from the forum of Rome, traversed Italy, |ier-
vaded the provinces, and were ternunated only
by the frontiers of the enii)ire. If we caretully
trace the distance from the wall of Antoninus to
Rome, and from thence to Jerusalem, it will be
found that the great chain of comnumication
from the north-west to the .Sv)uth-easl point of the
empire was drawn out to the length of four
thodsiuid and eighty Roman miles. The pulilic
roads were accurately divided by milestones,
and ran in a direct line from one city to another.
with very little respect for the obstacles either of
nature or ])rivate property. Mountains were
perforated, and bold arches thrown over the
broadest and most rapid streams. The middle
part of the road was raised into a terrace which
commanded the adjacent country, consisted of
several .strata of sand, gravel, and t'cnient, and
was paved with large .stones, or, in .some i)laces
near the capital, with granite. Such was the
.solid construction of the Roman highways,
whose firmness has not entirely yielded to the
effort of fifteen centuries. — Gibbon's RoMii:,
< h. 2, p. 63.
5685. . Stuf/e-Coacf,. To the very
beginning of the Ilevolution the peoi)le lived
apart, Lsolaled and dependent on their own re-
sources for life and enjoyment. When, in 1766,
an express wagon made the trip from New York
to Philadelphia in two days, it was considenid a
marvel of rapidity. Si.x years later the first
stage-coach began to run regtdarly between
Boston and Providence. — Ridi'atii's U. S.,
ch. 36, p. 283.
5686. TRAVEL, Indifference to. Human Km-
peror AnUminiiK Pins. The tranquil life of An-
toninus Pius was spent in the bosom of Italy ;
and during the twenty -three years that he di-
rected the public administration, the longest
journeys of that amiable prince extended no
farther than from his palace in Rome to the
retirement of his Lanuvitui villa. — Qibbon'h
Romk, ch. 1, p. 9.
5687. TRAVEL, Objects in. To See Men. It will
be observed that when giving me advice as to
076
I
TIIAVEI^TUEASON.
my travels, Dr. |HainucI] Johnson did not dwell
upon cili(!s, iind piiliiees, mid picliires, and
shows, and Arcadian set-nos. He was ol' fjord
Essex's opiidon, who advises his kinsman, l{of,'er
Earl of Kuthind, " rallicr to go a hundred miles
to speak with oiw wise man thai- five miles to
see a lair town." — HoswKM.'s Johnson, p. Hi),
mmn. travel, Slow. Stane.Coach. On the
tOtli of July 1 17.->4| Henjamin Franklin laid l)c-
fore t he i^onunissioners the draft of a feiieral eon-
stilulion. His vast and comprehensive mind li;.d
realized tlie true condition and wants of tlie
country : the (critical situation of the colonii's
demand(Hl a central government. How else
could revenues be raised, an army be organized,
and the common welfare be provided for 'I Ac-
cording to the jiroposcd plan of union, Philadel-
phia, a central city, was to be the capital. It was
urged in behalf of this clause that the delegates
of New Hamiwhire and Georgia — the coloiues
most remoti^ — could reach the scat of govern-
ment in Jiffirn. or twenty days. — Uidpatii'b U. M. ,
ch. 31, p. 257.
50H!>. TRAVEL, Suppression of. licif/n of
Clidiien IF. [S'age-coaches were introduced be-
tween E.xeter and London.] Many persons were,
from mere st\ipidity and obstinacy, disposed to
clamor against the umovation, simply because it
was an iimovation. It was vehemently argued
that this mode of conveyance would be fatal to
the breed of horses and to the noble art of horHe-
mansh?|) ; that the Thames, which Inid long been
an important nursery of seamen, would cease to
!)(' the chief thoroughfare from London up to
Windsor and down to Gravcsend ; that saddlers
and spurriers would be ruined by hundreds ;
that numerous inns, at which mounted travellers
had been in the habit of stoi)ping, would be dc
serted, and would no longer ])ay any rent ; that
the new carriages were too hot in summer and
too cold in winter ; that the passengers were
grievously annoyed by invalids and crying
childriMi ; that the coach .sometimes reachecl the
inn so late that it was impossible to get supper,
and sometimes starttid .so early that it was im-
possible to get breakfast. On the.se groimds it
was gravely recommended that no public car-
riage should be permitted to have more than
four horses, to start oftener than once a week, or
to go more than thirty miles a day. — Mac.mj-
L\Y's Eng., ch. 11, p. 353.
56»0. TREACHERY, Base. Philip Vf. Fif-
teen of the most i)owerful baron >f Brittany,
whom the king had invited to a grand tourna-
ment, were suddenly arrested and thrown into
the Chiitelet, upon a vague charge of intriguing
with the English ; and after a brief detention
they were brought out and beheaded, without
any form of trial, on the 29th of November,
1343. Early in the next year three barons of
Normandy were in like manner seized and put
to death, in utter violation of all rules of justice.
— Studknts' France, ch. 10, i^ 7.
5691. TREACHERY, Consummate. Charles IT.
Charles II. was, perhaps, in a deeper degree than
any of his ancestors or descendants, false, treach-
erous, and licentious. He signed the Solemn
League and Covenant of Scotland, supporting
the Protestant religion, at the very moment
he was in attempted negotiation with Rome for
befriending the Papacy. He was, however, pro-
claimed king of the Scots, and the Scots had a
perfect right to elect him to lie their monarch ;
but he aimed at the recov(;ry of Scotland in order
to recoi'i'r the crowns of the three kingdoms.
To win Scotland to help him in this, he woidd
not only sign the (Covenant ; he nroffered tosign
a declaration by which he renounced all Papacy
and Ejjiscopacy. But i)lcdged word or oath
were of very little account with him. — Hoou's
CuoMWKM,, ch. 12, p. 149.
5«93. TREACHERY, Gold for. Ihnedicl Ar-
nold. About midnight of the 21st [of September
AndreJ went ashore from the Vulture, a slooj) of
war, and met Arnold in a thicket, on the west
bank of the river, two miles below Ilaverstraw.
Day-dawn ap])roached, and the conspirators were
obliged to hide them.selves. In doing so, they
entered the American lines. Arnold gave the pass-
word, and Andre, disguising him.self, assumed
the character of n spy. During the next day the
traitor and his victim remained concealed at the
hou.se of a Tory named Smith. Here the awful
business was completed. Arnold was to surren-
der West Point, its garrisons and stores, and to
receive for his treachery £10,000 and a conmns-
sion as brigadier in the British army. All pre-
liaiinaries being settled, i)apcrs containing a full
description of West Point, its defences, and the
best method of attack, were made out and given
to Andr6, who secreted the dangerous (locu-
ment in his stockings. — Uidpath's U. S., ch. 43,
p. 344.
5693. TREACHERY, Message of. Emperor
Ale.rander I. [He i)rofe.ssed ardent and lasting
friendship for Napoleon, yet when nearly all
Europe was arrayed against him he proved to
be an enemy.] An Austrian courier was taken
]irisoner. There was found in his possession a
letter from the commander of the Hu.ssian forces,
addressed to the Archduke Ferdinand, congratn-
lating him upon his victory, and e.rpressing the
hope that very soon the Russian army irotild be
permitted to co-operate with the Avstrians against
the French. Napoleon immediately sent the let-
ter to Alexander, without note or comment. —
Abbott's Napoi-kon B., vol. 2, ch. 7.
5694. TREASON, Cry of. Patrick lleniy. [He
was a young man and new member of the legis-
lature of Virginia when the Stamp Act was pro-
claimed.] Lifted beyond himself, "Tarquin,"
he cried, "and Ciesar had each his Brutus;
Charles the First his Cromwell, and George the
Third — " "Treason!" shouted the speaker.
"Treason, trea.son !" was echoed round the
house, while Henry, fixing his eye on the first
interrupter, continued, without faltering, " may
profit by their example." — Bancuoft's U. S.,
vol. 5, ch. 13.
5695. TREASON defined. Iteign of James II.
The Tories of the Lower House proceeded to
introduce what they called a bill for the preser-
vation of the king's person and government.
They proposed that it should be high treason to
say that Monmouth was legitimate, to utter any
words tending to bring the person or government
of the sovereign into hatred or contempt, or to
make any motion in Parliament for changing
the order of succession. Some of these provi-
sions excited general disgust and alarm. The
Whigs, few and weak as they were, attempted
to rally, and found themselves re-enforced by a
TREA80N-TRIAL.
077
<()nsi(lcnil)l(' iiiiinlHT of modcriiti! and soiiHihlc
Ciiviilicrs. Words, it was said, nmv easily !)(■ mis-
imdcrslood l)y an lioiicst man. 'I'iioy may casili'
1)0 misconstnicd i)y a liiiavi'. Wliat was spoken
niclaiiliDriealiy may !:<,' appreliended literally.
W'lial was spolien lndi{!n)usly may he a])pre-
liended .seriously. A particle, a tense, a mood,
an emphasis, may make the wlioUidilTcjreneo hc-
Iween <^\\\\l and innoeenee. — M.xcaui.ay'h En(i.,
eh. T), )). .")4().
S<I!N». TREASON, Incipient. W<tr of \H\2.
Under a rii;(>rous t)l()eka(le lia^ foreign eoinmerce
of the Eastern States v/as totally (lest r )ye<l. The
beacons in the li^ht-hou.ses were allowed to burn
out, and a general .!;;loom settled over the coun-
try. From the beginninfj many of the people of
}iv\v England had op])osed (he war. Their in-
terests centred in ships and factories; the for-
mer were captured at .sea, and the latter came
to a standstill. Industry was paralyzed. The
members of the Ee'.eral party cried out against
the continuance of the contest. The legislature
of Massachusetts advised the calling of a con-
vention. The f)ther Eastern States responded to
the call, and on the 14th of Decenil)er [1814] the
delegates assembled at Hartford. The objects of
the convention were not very clearly expressed,
but opposition to the war and the i)olicy of the
Administration was the leading principle. 'I'lie
leaders of the Democratic parly, who suppo/ted
the war policy of the government, did not licsi-
tate to say that the purposes of the assembly
were disloyal and treasonable. l}e that as it
may, the convention ruined the Federal party.
After remaining in session with closed doors for
nearly three weeks, the delegates published an
address more moderate and ju.st than had been
expected, and then adjourned. But little Lope
of political preferment remained for those who
had participated in tlu; Hartford convention. —
ItiDi'.vTii's U. S., ch. rn, p. 412.
5097. TEEASON, Punishment of. Jiam<ttw.
This measure of an agrarian law we shall ob-
serve, from this time forward, to be a source of
domestic dissensions, down to the very end of
the (tommonwwdth. Cassius was the first pro-
poser of it, and it cost him his life. His office
of consul was no sooner at an end than he was
solemnly accused of aspiring at royalty ; and, by
.sentence of the popular assembly, he was thrown
from the Tarpeian Rock, the usual punishment of
treason. — TvTi.r.u's Hist., Book 3, ch. 4, p. 334.
509§. TREASON, Retribution of. lioiiKtns.
[When liomc was besieged] Tarpeia, the govern-
or's daughter, charnKHl with the golden brace-
lets of the Sabines, betrayed the fort into their
hands, and asked, in return for her trea.son,
what they wore on their left arms. Talius agree-
ing to the condition, she opened one of the gates
by night, and let in the Sabines. . . . Such were
the sentiments of Tatius with regard to Tarpeia
when he ordered the Sabines to remember their
promise, and to grudge her nothing which they
had on their left arms. He was the first to take
off his bracelet and throw it to her, and with
that his .shield. As every one did the same, she
was overpowered by the gold and shields thrown
upon her, and sinking under the weight, ex-
pired. — Plutarch's " Ro.mulus."
5699. TREASURE, Hope a. Alexander. Be-
fore he .set out on his expedition [against the
I'ery'ins] he .settled the affairs of Maccdon, over
which he appointed Antii)ater as viceroy, with
12,000 foot, and nearly tin' .same number of
horse. Healso in(piired into > he domestic alTairs
of his friends, giving to one an estate in land,
lo another a village, to a third the rev>'nues of a
town, to a fourth the toll of a harbor. And a.s
all the r(!venues of his demesnes were already
emj^loycKl and exhausted by his donations, Per-
diceas said to him, " My lord, what is it von
reserve for vour.self ?" Alexander replying,
"Hope," " 'rhc! .same ho])e," says Perdicca.s,
"ought therefore to satisfy us," and very gen-
erously refused to accept of what the king had
assigned to him. — Roi.i.in's Hist., Book lo, ^!J.
5700. TREATY, An observed. Williinn Pcnn'n.
The treaty with the red iiuin — the only treaty
that was never sworn to and nevcir broken, says
Voltaire — was one of fricndshii) and brother-
hood and of nuitual defence. — Knuiiit's En(». ,
vol. 4, ch. 23, p. 370.
5701. TREE, Delivering. Second CvuKudc.
The vanguard, which bore the royal banner and
the oriflamme of St. Denys, had doubled their
march with rash and inconsiderate speed ; and
the rear, which the king commanded in jiersoii,
no longer foimd their companions in the 'vjning
camp. In darkness and di.sorder they were en-
compassed, a.ssauKed, and overwhelmed by the
innumerable host of Turks, who, in the art of
war, were superior to the ('hristians of tin;
twelfth century. Louis [VH.], who climbed a
tree in the general discomfiture, was saved by
his own valor and the ignorance of his adversa-
ries ; and with the dawn of day he escaped i-livc,
but almost alone, to the camp of the vanguard.
— Gibbon's Ro.mk, ch. 59, p. 10.
5703. TRIAL abandoned. Bcipio Africunxn.
He incited two of the tribunes, the IVtilii. to
bring a formal accusation against Seipio Afri-
canus, as guilty of peculation in converting large;
sums gained in his foreign conquests to his own
instead of the public use. The behavior of
Seipio on this occasion was consonant to the
magnanimity of his character. On the first day
of his citation l)eforc the assembly of the peoph;,
when his accusation was read, appearing not to
have listened to it, he entered into an ample de-
tail of all the illustrious services he had rendered
his country. His accusers made no reply, not
daring to controvert a single word which he had
uttered, but contented themselves with adjourn-
ing the ns.sembly to the next day. On the mor-
row, while an immense multitude crowded the
forum, Seipio pressed forward to the tribunal,
and making a .signal for silence, " I\Iy country-
men," said he, " it was on this very day that I
fought bravely for you against Hannibal and the
Carthaginians in tlie field of Zama, and gained
a glorious victory. Is it thus you celebrate that
anniversaiy V Come, let us repair instantly to
the caj)itol, and give our solemn thanks to all the
gods for the republic jwcserved through my
means." With one universal acclamation, the
whole multitude followed him while he led the
wa}' to the temple of Jupiter — and the tribunes
were left alone in the forum. — Tytler's Hist.,
Book 3, ch. 9, p. 279.
5703. TRIAL by Combat. Assize of Jerusalem.
The trial by battle was established in all criminal
cases which affected the life or limb or honor
ti7S
TRIAL— TRini'TE.
I
i
■
of :niy person, and in all civil IranHactioiiM, of
or above tin- value of oneniarl\ of silver. It ap-
pears that in eriniinal eases the combat was the
l)ri vilest' <>f tluMuicusor, who, except iii a cluuxe
of treason, avenged his jx-rsonal injuiy, or the
lieiilh of those persons wliom lie had a ri,!;ht to
n^present ; hiil wherever, from tlu; nature of the
change, testimony could he olilained, it was
necessary for him to product; witnesses of the
fact. In civil cases the cond).it was not allowed
:is ihe means of establishing tlu; claim of the (l<i-
mandant, bul he was obliired to i)roduco wit-
nesses who had, or assumed to have, knowled^re
of the fuel TIk^ comlial was then tlu; privilep-
of the defendant, becaust; he charfjed the wit-
n(!ss with an attemjil by perj\u'y to take away
his rijiht. He came liiereforo to be in tin; same
situation as the appellant in crinnnal cases. It
was not then as a mode of proof that the com])at
was rec'eived, nor a?* making Me,i;ative evidence
(aceordinu: to the supposition of Montestpiieu),
but in every case tlu; riijht to oITct battle was
fouiKh'd on till' ri,i;ht to pursue by urm.s the re-
dress of an injury ; and the, judicial combat was
fonsht on the same i)rineipl(!, and with th(^sam(!
s|)irit, asaprivatediK^l. — Giiiiion'k Komk, eh. .W,
p. (m.
5701. TRIAL by Ordeal. Fire. Under the
r(U<>ii of Justice and Vataces ii dispute aro.se be-
tween two otlicers, one of whom iiecused th(!
other of maintaiiun.if the hereditary right of tlu;
Paheologi. . . . He was pursued by the whis-
p(Ms of malevolence ; and a .subtle courtier, the
Archbishop of Philadelphia, urged him to accept
the judsiment of God in the tiery proof of th(!
ordeal. Three days l)efore the trial the patient's
arm was enclosed in a hag, and secured by the
royal signet ; and it was incumbent on him to
b(;ar a rtMlhot ball of iron three times from the
altar to the rails of the sanctuary, without arti-
fice and without injury. Palit'ologus (duded the
dangerous experiment with sense iiiul plea.santrj".
" I am a soldier," said he, " and will boldly enter
the lists with my accusers ; but a layman, a
sinner lik(; myself, is not endowed with the gift
of miracUvs. Your piety, most holy prelate, may
d(!serve tlu; interposition of Heaven, and from
your hands I will receive the tiery globe, the
pledge of my innocence." The archbishop start-
ed ; th(; emperor smiled ; and the absolution or
pardon of Michael was approved by new rewards
and n(;w services, — Giiujon's Romk, ch. 62,
p. 147.
5705. TRIAL, Right of. Disref/arded. [In
1608 .lames I. showed both ignorance and des-
potism in bis contempt of the ordinary course of
justice. ] " I hear our new king," writes Harring-
ton, " hath hanged one man before he was tried ;
'tis .strangely done ; now, if the wind bloweth
thus, why may not a man be tried before he
hath offended ?"—KNioiiT'sENa., vol. 3 ch. 20,
p. ;ws
5706. TRIAL, A severe. John Runynn. [He
was arrested for |)reaching to Dissenters, and
urged to promise to desist.] Remonstrances and
entreaties were equally useless, and, with ex-
treme unwillingness, they committed him to
Bedford jiiil to wait for the sessions. ... To
himself, at any rate, his trial was at the moment
most severe. He had been left a widower a year
or two b<;fore, with four young childreu, one of
them blind. H(> had lately married a .second
time. His wife was pregnant. The agitation at
her husband's arrest brought on premature laboi',
aiid slu' was lying in his hou.sc in great danger.
He was an alfcctionatt; man, and the .s(>paration
at such a time was itecidiarly distressing. —
Fiioi;i)k's Hunv.v.n, ch. ."».
5707. TRIALS, Fellowship in. \oj>o/n>„ I.
[His Kgyi)tian army, with inunense sutfering.
{•ro.ssed the desert from Alexandria to Cairo. |
He toiled along on footat the head of tin- cobunn.
sharing the fatigtie of the most hund)le soldiers,
liike them, \w. threw himself upon tlu; sands at
night, with the sand for his pillow, and .secreting
no luxuries for him.self, he ate the coarse beans
which constituted the only food for tin! army. —
.Vnno'r'i's N.vi'oi.kon H., vol. 1, ch. 11.
570M. TRIALS, Improvement under. Ahr((
ho in I.iiirohi. [To a friend] \\v said cheerfully :
" I am very sun; that if I do not go away from
here a wi.ser man, 1 shall go away a lu-tter man,
for having learned here what a very jioor .sort of
man I am." Afterward, referring to what he
called a change of heart, Ik; .said he ilid not re
member any precise time when he i)a.ssed through
any spet'ial change of purpose or of heart ; but
he v.ould say that his own election to office and
the crisis immediately following intluentially
det(!'. mined him in what lu; called "a process
of crystallization then going on in his mind." —
H.w.MONDs liiN( oi.N, p. 7;H.
5700. TRIBUTE of Friendship. Mdanrhthon.
Luther is loo great, too wonderful for me to
depict in words. If there be a man on earth I
lo\e with my wl ile heart, that man is Luther.
One is an int(!r])reter, one a logician, another an
orator, allluent and beautiful in spee(;h, but Lu-
ther is all in all— whatever Ik; writes, whatever
he utters, ])ierces to the soul, fixes itself like ar-
rows in the heart — he is a nuracle among men.
— Ui:in's LrriiKit, p. 210.
5710. TRIBUTE scorned. To France. [In 1797
the French Directory grew insolent, and hnjan
to deniiind an allia'ice against Great Britain, and
soon afterward issued instructions to Frencl
men-of-war toas.sail the commerce of the Uniteil
States, and ordered [Mr. Charles C. Pinckney,
the American nunister, to leave the territory of
France]. These proceedings were etpiivalent to
a declaration of war. The President convened
Congress in extraordinary session, and measures
were devised for repelling the aggressions of the
French. Elbridge Gerry and John Marshall
were directed to join Mr. Pinckney in a linal
elTort ff:r a peaceable adjustment of the ditll-
culties. But the effort was fruitless. The Direc-
tory of France refused to receive the amba.ssa-
dors except upon condition that they would
pledge the payment into the French treasury of
a quarter of a million of dollars. Pinckney an-
swered with the declaration that the United
States had millionn for defence, but not a cent for
ti'ibute. The envoys were then ordered to leave
the coimtry. — Ridpatii's U. S., ch. 47, p. 373.
5711. TRIBUTE, ShamefuL To Pirates. For a
long time Algerine pirates had infested the Med-
iterranean, preying upon the commerce of civil-
ized nations ; and those nations, in order to pur-
chase exemption from such ravages, had adopted
the ruinous policy of paying the Dey of Algiers
THIHrTK-TUrCK.
07!)
ail uiiiiiiiil tril)iit(>. Ill conMidcmtloii of Hut trih
iilc, llie (ley ii^^ici-d timt liis niriitc sliipH sliould
<;()iitiiii' tliciiiHclvcs to tlu- .Mcditerriincaii, iiiid
should not attack the vi'hscIs of siich nations as
iiuwlt! thi! payiiiciit. Now, liowcver, with the
jxirpose of injuring Franec, Orcat Britain
wiiiiicd at till' iij^ieenienl with the dey liy which
lh(! Al^crinc seii-fobbers were turned loos(( on
tliu Atlantic. My their dcprediitions An. ricaii
(•oinincrcc sulTered /.greatly, and the ^overnnieiil
of the United Slat(^s was oliiij^ed to iiurchasi!
safety hv p.'iyinf; the shameful tribute. — RiD-
PATir's LJ. S., ell. 4«, p. UTO.
ari'J, TRIBUTE in Women. rartm'H. A. select
hand of the fairest maidens of China was an-
nually devoted to the rude embraces of the Huns ;
and the alliance of {\\i haughty Tanjftus [the Tar-
tar princes] was secured by their marriaf?(! with
tlu! ^eiiMine, or adopted, daiij^hters of the Impe-
rial family, which vainly attempted to escape
the sacrilet.''ioiis pollution. The situation of these
unhappy victims is described in the verses of a
Chinese princess, who laments tiiat she had lieen
condemned by her parents to a distant exile,
under a liarbarian husband ; who complains tliat
sour milk was her only drink, raw tlesh her only
food, a tent her only palace ; and who expresses,
in a strain of patlietic simplicity, the natural
wish, that she were transformed into a bird, to
tiy back to her dear country, the object of lier
tender and iierpetual regret. — Gibbon's Rome,
ch. 2fl, p. ly.
57 1 :i. THICK miscarried, A. Peritian. [The
Persian .satra])] Sarbar still maintained the im-
Iiortant station of Chah^edon ; but the jealou.sy
of (Jhosroes or the artitice of Ileraclius [liotli
Persian monarchs] .soon alienated the mind of
that powerful satrap from the service of his king
and country. A mes.senger was intercepted with
a real or (ictitious mandate to the cadarigan, or
second in command, directing him to send, with-
out d(Uay, to the throne the head of a guilty or
unfortunate genera'. The despatches were trans-
mitted to Sarbar hi.nself ; and as so(m as he ;ead
the .sentence of his own death, he dexterously
inserted the names of four liimdred officers, as-
sembled a military council, and asked the cada-
rigan whether lie was prepared to execute the
commands of their tyrant. The Persians unan-
imously declared that Chosroes had forfeited
the .sceptre ; a separate treaty was concluded
with the government of Constantinople. — Gib-
bon's RoMK, ell. 4(), p. 478.
5714. TRIFLERS, Diplomatic. French. The
American Government liehl an old claim against
France for damages done to the commerce of the
United States in the wars of Napoleon. In 1831
the French king had agreed to pay $5,000,000
for the alleged injuries ; but the dilatory govern-
ment of France postponed and neglected tlie
payment, until the President, becoming wrath-
ful, recommended to Congress to make reprisals
on French commerce, and at the same time di-
rected the American minister at Paris to demand
liis passports and come liome. These measures
had the desired eiTect, and the indemnity was
promptly paid. The government of Portugal
was brought to terms in a similar manner. —
RiDP.\Tii's U. S., ch. .54, p. 435.
5715. TRIFLES, Effect of. Battle. [A great
battle between the Macedonians and the Romans,
in which 25, (KK) of the former were slain, was
brouffhl on by /lOniilius in this way :| Toward
evening he availed himself of an artiilce, to make
the enemy begin the tight. It seems he turned
a lior.se loose without a bridle, and sent out some
Romans to catch him, who were altnckcd while
they were purHuing him, and .so the engagcineiit
began. Pmtahcii'h /E.mii.ii s.
57 1 «. TRIFLES, Power of. S<,ei,il Ij/e. .Mar-
cus Fabiiis Anibuslus had given one of his daugh-
ters in marriage to liicinius Slolo, a jilebcian, and
the other to Servius Suliiitiu.s, a jjatrician, and
at that tinu! one of the military tribunes. One
day when the; wife of tlu; plebeian wan at her
sister's house, the lictor who walked before Sul-
piliiis, on his return from the senate, knocked
loudly at the door with thestalT of the fasces, to
give noliirt that the magistrate was coming in.
This noise, to which the wife of liicinius was idI
accustomed, threw her into a jianic. Her sister
laughed at her alarm, and threw out a malicious
jest on the; ine(juality of their conditions. A very
small matter, .says liivy, is sufficient to distiirli
the rpiiet of a woman's mind. The younger Fa-
biatook this affront most seriously to heart. She
(!omi)laincd to her father, wl'o, to comfort her,
promised that he would do liis utmost (;iideavor
that her husband should have bis lictor as well
as her elder sister's. This trifling circum.stance
is said to have been the <'ause f)f the admission
of the plelieian order to the consular dignity. —
Tyti.kk's IIiht., Hookii, ch. «, p. :i4H.
5717. TRIMMER, Political. Lord IMifa.r.
Halifax was known as the Trimmer — one who
wa.-i .selected to tender the crown to William and
iVIary, but who had taken no p.-irt in the first
steps which deprived James of tlu; crown. —
Knioht's i!]N«., vol. 5, ch. 5, p. (iH.
5718. TRIUMPH, Fleeting. .Y«/wfco« T. [The
great campaigns of Ronapartc were productive
of triumjihs which endured but tlirec; months.
The allies under SuwarolT recoiKjuercd the (!is-
alpine territory.]— Knioiit'sEno., vol. 7, ch. 22,
p. 382.
5719. TRIUMPH, Honors of. Pompey. Wlien
Pompey landed at Rrindisi his dreaded legions
were disbanded, and he proceeded to the Capi-
•tol with a train of cai)tive princes, as the sym-
bols of his victories, and wagons loaded with
treasure as an offering to his country. He was
received as he advanced with the shouts of ap-
plauding multitudes. He entered Rome in a gal
axy of glory. A splendid column commemorat-
ed the (nties which he had taken, the twelve
million human beings whom he had slain or sub-
jected. His triumph was the most magnificent
which the Roman citizens had ever witne.s.sed,
and by special vote he was permitted to wear his
triumphal robe in the Senati; as often and as long
as might please him. The fireworks over, unci
with the aureole of glory about his brow, the
great Pompey, like anoMier Samson .shorn of
his locks, dropped into impotency and insignifi-
cance. — FUOl'DE'S C/KHAR, Ch. 12.
5720. TRUCE, The holy. Mohometnn. An an-
nual festival of two, perhaps of four, months,
was observed by the Arabs before the time of
Mahomet, during which their swords were relig-
iously sheathed both in foreign and domestic
hostility ; and this partial truce is more strongly
C80
TUUTII.
expnwuive of tlin biibitsof annrcliy iiiul warfare.
— UiiiliON'H lioMK, eh. 40, p. HO.
/17'JI. TRUTH, Boldnesi for the. Joha Uoir.
(in/. Dining . . . iil llic house of tho Kiiu:liMli
aiiiltassudor, Sir Uolicrl Miirrav KeiUi, wIutc a
lari^e (■oni|)aiiy of Austrian princes and noliles
were asseiniil<'tl, llie eonversatii. ' turned upon
tile alisurd inicpiily of tlie torture, wlien one of
IIk.' Auslrians observed tliat tlie priory of abol-
isldn;; lli(! torture in Ww. Austrian dominions be-
ion;;'ed to Ids |)resenl, Imperial .Majisty .losepii M.
" I'ardon me," said Howard; " liis Im|)erial
Majesty lias only abolished one species of tort-
un^ to (establish another in its |)lac(! more cruel ;
for the torture wldeh he aluilishcii lasted at the
most only a few hours ; but that which lu! lias
appointed lasts many weeks — nay, sometimes
y(!ars. The poor wretches are ijlunf^ed into a
noisome dungeon as black as the Ulack Hole of
(Jalculta, from which they are taken only if they
coid'ess wliat is laid to tluiir charge." " Husli f"
said the ambassador; "your words will be
reported to his Majesty." " What !" cried How
ard, "shall my lor.gue be tied from speakin;;
truth l)y any kin^ or emperor in tlie world ? 1
repeat what I asserted, and maintain its verac-
ity." The comi)any appeared awestruc:k at his
bobbusss, and admired it ; but no one ventiu'cd
ton>ake any observation whatever, and a dead si-
lence ensued. They were not, perhaps, aware
that lie had .said the same tbin;^ to the emperor
himself. — Cyclopkdia ok Biod., p. ri5.
572ii. TRUTH vi. Falsehooa. Samuel John-
son. An animated debate took places whether
Martinelli should continue his nisb)ry of Eng-
land to the present day. GoiiOSMiTii : " To i)e
s\ireheshoidd." Johnson : " No, sir ; he would
^ive great offence. He would have to tell of al-
most all the living great what they do not wish
told". . . . Goi.DSMiTir : " There are people who
tell a hundred political lies every day, anil are not
luirt by it. Surely, then, one may tell truth with
safety." Johnson : " Why, sir, in the first
place, he who tells a hundrecl lies has disarmed
the force of his lies. But besides, a man had
rather have a hundred lies told of him than one
truth which he does not wi.sh to be told." Gold-
smith : " For my part, I'd tell the truth, and
shame the devil." Johnson: " Yes, sir ; but the.
devil will be angry. I wish to shame the devil
as much as you do, but I should choose to be
out of the reach of his claws." Goldsmith :
"His claws can do you no harm when you have
the shield of truth." — Bosweli/s Johnson,
p. 207.
57i23. a'RUTH vs. /iotion. James II. A dram-
atist would scarcely venture to bring on the stage
a grave prince, in the decline of life, ready to
sacrifice his crown in order to .serve the interests
of his religion, Indefatigable in making prose-
lytes, and yet deserting and insulting a wife who
liad youth and beauty, for the sake of a profli-
gate paramour who had neither. Still less, if
possible, would a dramatist venture to introduce
a statesman stooping to the wicked and shame-
ful part of a procurer, and calling in his wife to
aid him in that dishonorable office, yet, in his
moments of leisure, retiring to his closet, and
there secretly pouring out his soul to his God in
penitent tears and devout ejaculations. — Macau-
lay's Eng., ch. 6, p. 68.
ftra-i. TRUTH honored. FreiUrirk U. Fred-
erick is by no means one of the perfect demigods,
and there are various things to be said against
hl'ii with good ground. To tin- last a (piestion-
able hero, with mu'h in hiin which one could
have wished not there, and much wanting which
one coidd have wished. But there isone features
which strikes you at an early period of the in-
(piiry, that in his way he is a reality ; that he al-
ways means what he speaks ; grounds his actions,
too, on what he recogiu/.es for the truth ; a!'d,
in short, has nothing whatever of the hypocrite
or phantasm— which some readers will adndt to
be an e.\trcinely rare phenomenon. — Cahlvlic's
Fukdkiiick tiik Giikat, Book 1, ch. 1, p. 12.
57515. TRUTH, Liberty by the. Mtrdn Lvthev.
At his bidding truth leaped over the cloister
walls, and challenged every man to make her his
guest ; arou.sed (!very intelligence to acts of jiri-
vate judgment ; (;hanged a dependent, recipient
]ieopie into a reflecting, incpiiring peoples ; lifted
each human being out of \\u' castles of the Mid-
dk^ Age, to endow him with individuality, and
to summon man to stand forth as man. The
world heaved with tlu- fervent conflict of opin-
ion. — Bancuokt's U. S., vol. 4, ch. 0.
5796. TRUTH, Moral. From within. Thus
did the mind of George Fox arrive at the con-
clusion that truth is to be sought by listening to
tlu! voi"e of God in the .soul. Not the learning
of the university, not the lioman see, not \\w
English Church, not Dissenters, not the whole
outward world, can lead to a fixed rule of mo-
rality. The law in the heart must be received
without prejudice, cherished without mixture,,
and obeyed without fear. — Bancuokt's U. S.,
vol. 2, ch. 10.
5797. TRUTH outraged. Inqvisition. Galileo
was thus compelled to choose between a .solemn
denial of demonstrated truth or the most agoniz-
ing of deaths. What he oii(//it to have done in
these circumstances is a question in morals which
has been discussed for two hundred years with-
out result, since it is a question which everyone
decides according to his own character. lie de-
cided to recant. On his knees, with one hand
upon the Gospel, he pronounced the form of
words recjuired ; "I abjure, curse, and detest
the error and heresy of the motion of the earth,
and promise that I will never more teach, ver-
bally or in writing, that the sun is the centre of
the universe, and immovable, and that the earth
is not the centre of the universe and movable. "^
Rising from his knees, indignant at the outrages
done to truth through him, be nuittcred between
his teeth the words which will never be forgot-
ten — " The earth moves, notwithstanding !" —
Cyclopedia of Bkki., p. 264.
572§. TRUTH, Perilous. yt.D. 408. The sen-
ators loudly declared, in regular speeches or in
tumultuary acclamations, that it was unworthy
of the majesty of Home to i)urchasea iirecarioua
and disgraceful truce from a Barbarian king ;
and that, in the judgment of a magnanimou.s.
people, the chance of ruin was always preferable
to the certainty of dishonor. . . . The tumult of
virtue and freedom .subsided ; and the .sum of
four thousand pounds of gold was granted, under
the name of a subsidy, to .secure the peace of It-
aly and to conciliate the friendship of the king-
of the Goths. Lampadius alone, one of the most
THUTH-TYHANNY
681
tion by iinniodiulcly rctiriiii^ to
II Chrisliiiii cliuic'.i. — Oiiihons
illiistrioii.t mciulMTs of tlic nsM'inlily, still piTsisl-
cil ill iiJM tlisHciit ; cxi^laiiiicil, wilii ti loiiil voice,
" This i,s not II trt'tily ol' peace, imtof Hervitiide ;"
mill eHi'a|>e(l tin; ilaii;::ei' of Niieli hold oppo.si.
the Hiiiictiiary of
s Ko.MK, eh. ;}(),
p. 'i:n.
5ril». TEUTH, Porveriion of. Ilnhit. f.Mr.
Ilallaiii Hiiy.sof ('liarles II. he| " had iiiiliiippily
loii^r heeii ill the liahil of pervertiiii.; his iialiiral
iiciitciiess to the iiu'iiii suhterfiiffes of e(|uiv(iciil
lim^fiiaK*'." • ■ . I Iviiii^litsays :| " In no sitiialioii
or dillleiilly could this iiiiforliiiiale kin;; ^ive up
ids system of doul)ledealin<; and liiilf-conll-
deiice." [When he was inakiii^j; treaties for the
paciHeation of Ireland, and promised tiiat diir-
inu' the nci?otiiilioiis all hostilities for his cause
should (!nd, 111 the very .same time hi; wrote to
Ornioiid, the /general in commnnd,) " Obey my
wife's ordcTs, and not mine, until 1 shall let you
know I am free from all reslraint ; nor trouhlo
yourself alioiit my concessions as to Ireland ;
tliey will lend to nnthing." — Knkiht's En(».,
vol. 4, ch. 1.
litWi, TRUTH, Power of speculative. Qimh-vs.
fWilliiim| i'eiiii e.xiilts that the iiies.sajj;e [from
the inner voice] came without suspicion of hu-
man wi.sdoin. It WII.S \>:iii(ierfvd to witness the
cner<ry mid tlie unity of mind and ciiaraeter
which thestroiif; perception of speculativo truth
imparled to tlie most illiterate! mechanics ; lliey
delivered tlio oracles of coiiHciencc! with fearless
freedom and natural cloiiiienci! ; and with liappy
uncoiiHciou.s .sii,i>aeily spontaneously developed
tlie system of moral truth which, as tliey be-
lieved, existed as an incorruptible seed in every
soul. — Bancuoi't'h U. S., vol. 2, ch. 16.
5731. TEUTH, Vitality of the. Political.
Truth once elicited never dies. As it descends
through time it may be transmitted from State
to State, from monarch to conunon wealth, but
its li;i;ht is never extinguished, and never per-
mitted to fall to the ground. A great truth, if
no existing nation would assume its guar-
dianship, has i)ower — such is God's providence
— to call a nation into being and life by the life
it imparts. — IJ.vnckokt's U. S., vol. 3, ch. 31.
57:12. TRUTHS, Preparatory. Inventions. A
century before the Christian era the mighty
power of steam had been observed, and some
attempts had been made to turn it to account.
But a great invention, as we have before re-
marked, is the growth of ages. Many ingen-
ious men had Ivbored to perfect this one, the
greatest of all, and they had brought it on so
far, that a single improvement alone was wanting
to make it available. It was just so with Sir
Isaac Newton's sublime discovery of the attrac-
tion of gravitation. Previous philosophers had
made discoveries that only needed combining to
produce the final truth, which, in a happy
hour, flashed iipou the mind of Newton. — Cy-
clopedia OF Bioo. , p. 142.
5733. TRUTHS, Uncertain. Sophists. Greece
was, in the days of Socrates, overrun with
Sophists — pretended philo.sophers, whose whole
science consisted in a certain futile logic ; an
artificial apparatus of general arguments, which
they could apply to every topic, and by which
they could maintain, with an appearance of
pliiiisil)ility, ciilicr side of aiiv propo.sition. It
wa>. usual for llii>e philosophers to gel up in
till' public assenililies or in tlu^ theatres and olTcr
to iiigiir or make an oratiiiii on any subject that
should be naiiKMi. The Athenians, a Hupcrllcial
people, fond of everything new and «'xtraordi-
nary, were (|iiite captivated with this kind of
jugglery. The Sophists pa.ssed for the wisest
and most cloijiieiit of men, and the youth
Hocked in crowds lo their schools, where the
riidimentM of this precious art were explained
and communicated. The sober part of the
Allieiiians judged this to be a very useless disci-
jiliiic ; Iml the wiser Socrates saw the pernicioii»
tendency of this new art of philosophizing,
which miidi! everything uncertain and problem-
atical ; and his penetrating intellect, easily per-
ceiv(Ml the; method by which it was to be exposed
and destroyed. — Tvii, Kit's Hist., Hook 2, ch. 1),
p. 2(17.
573-1. TYEANNY, Cruelty of. Xn-.trn. | I>y-
thiuH, a prince of Lydia (see No. IHH1),| who
had made such obliging offers to Xerxes, having
desired asa favor of him. some time afterward,
that out of his five .sons who served in his army
he would be jileased to leave him the eldest, in
order to Ihmi support and comfort to him in his
old age, the king was so enraged at the propo-
sal, though so reasonable in itself, that he caused
the eldest son to be killed before the eves of
his father, giving him to understand that it was
a favor that he spared the lives of him and the
rest of his children ; and then causing the dead
body to be cut in two, and imv jiart to be placed
on tlie right and the other on the left, he niiuh!
the whole army pass between them, as if ho
meant to purge "and purify it by .such a sacrittce.
— Rom.tn's Hist., BookO, ch. 2, ^ 2.
5735. TYEANNY, EocleBiastioal. Cotholic.
The childhood of the European nations was
passed under the tutelage of the clergy. The
as(!eiidency of tlie sacerdotal order was long
the ascendency which naturally and iirojjerly be-
longs to intellectual suiieriorlty. The ])riests,
with all their faults, were by far the wisest i)or-
tion of society. It was, therefore, on the whole,
good that they should hv respected and obeyed.
The encroachments of the ecclesiast'cal power
on the province of the civil ]K)wer produced
much more haiipincss than misery, while tlu;
ecclesiastical power was in the hands of the only
class that had studied history, philosophy, and
public law, and while the civil power Avas in
the hands of savage chiefs, who could not read
their own grants and edicts. But a change took
place. Knowledge gradually sjjread among lay-
men. At the commencement of the .sixteenth
century many of them were in every intellectual
attainment fully eejual to the mo.st enlightened
of their spiritual pastors. Thenceforward that
dominion which, during the Dark Ages, had
been, in spite of many abii.ses, a legitimate and
a .salutary guardianship, became an unjust and
noxious tyranny. — Macaui.ay's Eng., ch. 1,
p. 44.
5736. TYEANNY, Emblem of. The Bastile.
The destruction of tlic Bastile was the type of
the fall of tjranny to Englishmen and English-
women. Hannah More writes to Horace Wal-
pole : ' ' Poor France ! though T am sorry that
the lawless rabble are so triumphant, I cannot
(]S2
T YUAN NY,
help lioitiiiK that Hoinc i^ood will itrlMo from tlit;
Hiini of iiitiiiuii iiilscry liiivln^ Im'i'ii so consiilt'rii
l)ly li'SMCiit'd lit one lilow liy llic (Icstniclioii of
til.' MitMtilr." Diinioht Hiiyslimt In Kii^^JutKl . . .
tlu> (li'stnictioii of tilt' l{iiHtii(! Iiud citiiHcd it
Kt'iKTiil jov— Knkiut'h En(1., vol. 7, ell. 10,
p. Ih:»
57:17. TYRANNY, Iniurreotlon agalnit. Pms
(lilts. 'I'lif trif^lilful iiisiiiTcctioii ('ailed llic .lac
(pirric was a ^^ciicral risiiij^ of the ciisiavcd peas
anis of llic proviiici'H ajrainst the iiol)l(s, prompt
cd not so iiiiii'li Ity tile iov(^ of liberty as hy the
<lcsperalioii of utter and hopeless iidsery, and a
fenMlous thirst of venujoanee upon their tyrants.
The revolt of the Ja('(pies, us they were Called
(from thi> iMmiiiar id( kname of .laccpies Hon
lionime, appiiecl to the French peasantry), cf)ni-
meiiccd in the nei<rhl)orli I of (Mermonl and
Heaiivais, in May, l!{r)S, and ipdckly ovcirspread
tlie nortliern and west<'rii districts. It was a
war of wholesal(( externnnation ; the feudal
chat(!aus were assailed, sacked, hurnl.und razed
to th<! ground, and their inmatits, down to the
youngest infant, put to the sword with every
circumstance of almost incredible! barbarity. —
Sti:i)KNTh' Fit.v.Nci:, ch. 10, 5; V,\.
573N. TYBANNY, Legislative. Lou;/ Pi, ilia,
meiil. Like Home under its decemviri, Eni^-
land was enslaved by it.s legislators ; English lii»-
erty had becouKMhe jiatrimony of thoOonunons;
the forms of government, the courts of justice,
peaco and war — all e.vecutive, all legislative,
no ver rested with them. They wens irresponsi-
h\v., absolute, and a])par('ntly never to bo dis-
.solved but at their own pleasure. — Hanckoft'h
U. H,, vol. ',', ch. 11.
57.19. TYRANNY of Liberty. French Revo-
lutiiin. On .lune 10 [171)4] resolutions were
presented to tlu' convention by Couthou for f!on-
ferring increased and monstrous powers oi\ the
revolutionary tribunal. It was to be divided into
four courts, for the more e.vpeditiou.s des])atch
of business ; the " enemies of the republic,"
against wliom it was to act, were defined in
the most vague, arbitrary, and comprehonsive
terms ; the juries were empowered to convict
without e.xamining witnesses or hearing eoun.sel,
and upon any proof, material or moral, vcirbal
or written, which they might deem .sutticient ;
and the sole penalty to he intlicted for all offences
was death. This frightful proposition, which
. . . placed the lives ... of the whole French
nation at the al)solute disposal of Robespierre,
. . . was ultimately adopted. Its effects were
apj)alling. lietween the 10th of June and the
27th of July, 1794, upward oi fourteen hundred
victims i)erished by the hands of the execu-
tioner. The daily batches (fournecs) frequently
included liftv, and even sixty, seventy, and
eighty individuals. Fouquier 1 inville, the pub-
lic accuser, at length proposed to erect the
guillotine in a hall adjoining the tribunal, and
to despatch live himdred prisoners in one day.
— Stluents' Fk.^nce, ch. 27, § 6, p. 572.
5740. . " Revolutionary Tribu-
nal." [On the 10th of Marcli, 1793, forty-eight
days after the execution of Louis XVI., this
tribunal was formed. It was] composed of five
judges, who were to be bound by no forms of
precedure, and of a permanent jury. These
jurymen were to satisfy tliein.selves as to facts
In anyway that they could, and to vote audilily
in the presence of a I'aiis mob. To dire<l the
proceedings of this awful tribunal, from whose
decrees there was no M|)peal, a Itublic accuser
was a|)polnled. . . . Me had only one remedy
for the cure of lukewarnuitss toward ibe Hevo-
lution death. llewasiiiHo great a hurry to do
his work, that identity of person was soinetimeM
unnecessary when an ac( u.sed stood before him.
Two women of llu' same name! having been ar-
rested, he settled the accounts of both, for ft ,ir
of a mistake. — Knkiut'h Eno., vol. 7, ch. 15,
p. 272.
57.11. TYBANNY, Parental. Frederick Will-
iam I. (Princess Wilhelmina received his spe-
cial displeasure. Her brother Fritz (Frederick
the (Ireal) had vainly endeavored to escajM" his
father's tyranny by tllghl, and was under ar-
rest] " We learned from some attendant that
at least my brother was not dead. Tiie king
now came back. We all ran lo kiss his hands ;
but mv. he no sooner noticed than rage and fury
took jiossession of him. lie became black in
tlu! face, his eyes sparkling tire, his mouth
foaming. ' InUnuimH canaille,' mxUWw. ; ' da rest
thou show thystUf before me ? Go, keep thy
scoundrel of a brother (Company ! ' And, so say-
ing, he seized nw with one hand, slapping me
on the face with the other," clcncluid as a list
( iioinij), " .s(;veral blows, onc! of which slrvjck me
on the temple, .so that I fell back, and should
have sjilit my head against a corner of the wain-
.scot had not Madame de Honsfeld caught me l)y
the headdress and broken the fall. I lay on the
ground without consciousness. The king, in a
frenzy, was for striking me with his feet, had
not the (puH'ii, my sisters, and the rest run be-
tween, and those who were present prevented
him. They all ranked themselves round me,
which gave Mesdames de Kamecke and Honsfeld
time to pick me up. They put me in a chair in
the embrasurt! of a window ; threw water on
my face to bring me to life, which care I lament-
ably reproached them with, death being a thou-
sand times better in the pass things had come
to. The ([ueen kept shrieking ; her tirmness
liad ([uite left her ; she wrung her hands, and
ran in despair up and down the room. The
king's face was so disfigured with rage it was
frightful to look upon. The little ones were on
their knees begging forme." — CARLYiiK's Fhkd-
KUicK THK Gkkat, Book 7, ch. 7, p. 205.
5743. TYBANNY, Beoompeneed for. France.
It is to Louis XL, who was a vicious, unprinci-
pled tyrant, that France owed the extension of
her commerce, the establishment of posts through
the kingdom, and the regular administration of
ju.stice. — Tyti.kr's Hist., Book 6, ch. 13, p. 214.
5743. TYBANNY, Self destructive. Reign of
ConinuMius. [The Homan emperor] Commodus
had now attained the summit of vice and infamy.
Amid the acclamations of a flattering court, ho
was unable to disguise from himself that he had
deserved the contempt and hatred of every man
of .sense and virtue in his empire. His ferocious
spirit was irritated by the consciousness of that
hatred, by the envy of every kind of merit, by
tlu! just apprehension of danger, and by the
habit of slaughter, which he contracted in his
daily amusements. History has preserved a long
list of con.sidar .senators .sacrified to his wanton
TYUANNY-rNUKI IKF.
«)m;j
Niiipicion. wliicli <4()U|;lit out, witli |H>niliiir anx
lisly, thoNf! luiI'Di'liinali* ixTsons rdnin'ctiMl, how
evur r«'ini)tcly, willi tin- family of Anloiiimis,
without H|>ariiin; even tin- miiilsicrs of hlMciJincM
or plf'aMurrs, IliMcriii'llv pnivrd at lunt fatal to
liiiiist'lf. ill' jiad mIiciI witli iiii|imiity till' iiol)li'sl
lilooil iif Koiiic ; he pcrislii'il as Mooii as he was
(lrra(l(>(l liy ills own (loincstics. Mania, liis fa-
vorite conculiiiic, Kclt'ctiis, his ('iiaiiil)t'i'laiii, and
Lti'tiis, Ills pictorian prt'fi'ct, alarmed l>y the
fate of tlieir comiianions :ind predeiessors, re-
Holved to prevent llie deslriieiion wldeli every
hour hun^r over their lieads, either from liie mad
caprice of tlie tyrant, or the sudden indignation
of Ww people. [They poisoned him. )— (hiuuiNn
Komi;, eh. 4, p. IIV
artJ. TYRANNY, Shameful, Al S,ni l>omin
(JO. |(.'olinnlius had l)een slanderuil and sent
houK^ in irons. I [^as (^asas ^ives an iniliL;nant
picture of the capricious tyr.inny exerciseclover
the Indians hy worthless Spaidards, many of
wliom had l>een transported convicts from the
dun^^eoiis of Castile. Tliese wretches, who in
their own countries had been the vilest ainoni?
till- vile, liere assumed the tone of j^rand cava
Hers. They insisted upon hein^ attended by
trains of servants. They took the daughters and
female relations of caciciues for tlieir (lomesti(;s,
or rather for their concubines, nor did they
limit tlmniselves in nund)er. VVIuiU they trav-
elled, insl(!ad of usini^ lior.ses and mules with
wlucli lln!y were jirovided, tliey oblijfed the
natives to transport them upon their shoulden.
In litters, or hummoc^ks, with others attending;
to hold umbrellas of palm leaves over their
lieads to keep off the sun, and fans of featliers
to cool them ; and Las CasasalHrms that he has
seen the backs and shouiilers of the unfortunato
Indians who bore these litters raw and bleeding?
from the ta,sk. When these arrogant upstarts
arrived at an Indian villa(,'e tlieAr consumed and
lavished away tlie provisions of the inhabitants,
sei/.int; upon wliatever |)leased th(!ircai)rice, and
oblii^iuK the caci(pie and his subjcts to dance
before them for their amusement. — IiiviNo's
CoiaJMHus, Hook 14, cii. 3.
.'iT45. TYRANNY, Terrible. Oildo. Gildo,
thebrotlierof thelyraut Kirmus, . . . was invested
with the coimiianclof Africa. His ambition soon
usurix'd the administration of justice and of the
finances, without account and without control.
. . . Duriiif? those twelve years [of his reign]
the provinces of Africa groaned under tlie domin-
ion of a tyrant. . . . The forms of iw were
often superseded by the use of poison ; and if
the tnimbling guests who were invited to the
table of Gildo presumed to express their fears,
the insolent s)isi)icion served only to excite his
fury, and he loudly summoned the ministers of
death. Gildo alternately indulged the passions
of avarice and lust ; and if his */.y,« were terrible
to the ricli, his niijhtH were not less dreailful to
husbands and parents. The fairest of their wives
and daughters were prostituted to the embraces
of the tyrant, and afterward abandoned to a
ferocious troop of Barbarians and assas.sins, the
black, or swarthy, natives of th» desert, whom
Gildo considered as the only guardians of his
throne. — Gibbon's Rome, ch. 29, p. 181.
5746. XTHPIRE, A dangerooi. Scotland.
There appeared two illustrious competitors for
to
or
of
the crown— HolxMt llruce, tton of Nahellii, we-
ond daughter of thi> Karl of ilunliiigdon, an<l
.lohn lialiol, grunilHun of .Marirarel, the earl's
eldest daughter. .\h the rules of HUccession are
nnip underslood, tlie right of Kaliol. the grand-
son of the eldest daughter, was clearly pi'efera
ble. But in llios(> da,\ s tluMirder of succession
was not NO certainly estalilishcd, ami each cmii-
petitor had his preliinsions supported by ji for-
midable party in the kingdom. I'o avoid a civil
war, which must otherwise h;ivr taken place, the
candidates agreed to a measure wliicli had very
ru'nr proved fatal to the iniii'pcndenc<' of the
kingdom. They chose Kdward I. of Kngland to
be umpin^ of the contest ; and this Mmbitinu>; and
artful prince determined to avail himself of the
|)ow(>rs thus bestowed on him, and to arrogate
to himself the sovereignty of .Scotland. I Ic sum-
uioikmI all tin* Hcollish liarons to attend him al
the castl(! of Norham, in Northumberland ; and
having gained some and intimidated others, he
prevaileil on tin- whole assembly to acknowlei
Scotland a ticf of the Knglisli crown, and
swear allegiance to him as their sovereign
liege lord. lie next demande(l |)osscssioii
thi^ kingdom, that he ndglit be abh- to deliver it
to him wliose right sliouul be found preferable ;
and such was the dastardly pusillanimity of all
pres(>nt, whom Kdward had iiitimidaled by
ttringing with him a very formidal)l(! army, that
this exorbitant demand was likt'wise complied
with, both by the barons and tlieconi|)etitors for
th(! crown. One man alone, worthy of an eter
nal memorial. Gilbert de L'mpbraville, Karl of
Angus, sustained the honor of his country, and
pen^mptorily refused to deliver up those castles
which h«! held from the Scottish kings. Kdward,
who believed Baliol tlu; least formidable of the
competitors, adjudged the (|uestion in his favor,
and put him in possession of tlie kingdom, after
making him solemnly take the oath of (Idelityto
liims(;lf hhIdiuI ]i<iritiit(>u>tt, and subscribe to every
condition which he thought i)roper to reipiire.
But the Scots were not long iiatient under their
state of subjection.— TvTi-i;ii's Hist., Book 6,
ch. 13, p. 1»0.
5747. UNANIMITY in Wrong doing, raj-ing
Colonies. On the »tli of March, 17(54, George
Grenville made his tirst appearance in the House
of Commons as Chancellor of the Excheipier,
to unfold the budget. . . . He gave notice. . .
that it was his intention, in tlu; next ses.sion, to
bring in a bill imposing stamp-duties in America.
. . . The opposition were publicly called upon
to deny, if they thought it fitting, the right of
the legislature to impost; any tax, internal or ex-
ternal, on the colonies ; not a single person ven-
tured to controvert that
U. S., vol. 5, ch. 9.
574§. UNBELIEF, Vicious. Sinnuel Johii.ton.
I described to him an impudent fellow from
Scotland, who alt'ected to be a .snva;je, and . . .
maintained that there was no distinction between
virtue and vice. Johnson : " Why. sir, if the
fellow does not think as he speaks, he is lying ;
and I see not what honor he can propo.se to him-
self from having the character of a liar. But if
he does really think that there is no distinction
between virtue and vice, why, .sir, when he
leaves our hou.ses let us count our spoons."—
Boswell's Johnson, p. 119.
right. — Banckokt's
084
UNION-UHURY.
if.
AT'lft. UNION by InttroourM. ('/irinliiDm.
[Ill l)I.V)| till' (jiiitkirM, Willi wni' Iniiitnl iinil
IMTsmili'tl li\ cviry nilur scci, rniiiul ii frirml in
< 'riiinwcll, Ociii'^i' l<'ii\, Willi liiui licrii sil/.i'il in
ills jirt'iirliliKs ami currii'd to l.iiiiilnii, nmii
ii^rnl Id si'i' ilii' I'l'Dli'diir, and cxlinrtcil lilin In
krcp ill llic I'l'ur III' OimI ; itiiil ( 'riiriiwi'll, iiuvinu
|iiilii'ii!ly iisli'iicii IiiIiIh li'ctiii'i', piii'lt'il Willi liiiii,
Haying, " ('iin)rM>;iiiii In my liniisr. II' ih'iii ami I
wi'trliiil ail liiiiir III' tlii'iiay li>;j;rl.licr, wr hIkmiIiI
III' nrai'cr. nm- In tlir other. I wIhIi no more liarm
to III)'*! tliaii I ilo to my own houI," — IvNKiiiT'rt
En<i.. vol. I, eh. r,', p. net.
rtr.tO. UNION by Peril. /(•////« of .Inmrs II.
Till' amity of llic Wlii^^n ami TorlcM liail not
Hiirviv'cil till' |M'i'il wliicli had iirodiiccd it. <)ii
KrviTiii occasions, dnriiij? llic prince's march
from llic West, dissension iiad apiieared amon|r
ills roUowcrs. Wlillti tlu'cvent ot his enterprise
Wiis doiihil'iil, that, dissension had, liy his Hkii-
fill maiiaL.'cmcnt, licen easily iiiiieted. Hut,
from the day on wliicli he enl.'rcil Saint Jiiincs'
in triiinmli, micIi inanaKeine.it. coitlil nn lonf(er
1)(! practised His victory, hy relii'vini? llu! tui-
tion from the slroni; dread of popish tyranny,
liad deprived him of half his inllneiice. Old
nnlipathies, which had slejil wIkmi liishops were
In the Tower, when .I<'siilt.s were at the council
board, when loyal clernymeii were' deprived of
their lircad hy .scores, when loyal geiillemen
Were put out of tlie commisMion of tlio peiu.'e l)y
Imndrcds, were \\^\\\\\ stron;^ and lu^tive. — Ma-
c.\tii..\v'M Kno., cli. 10, p. .')((!}.
5r«l. UNION, primitive. ChrMian. Tiie con-
tempt of llie world (xerci.setl litem in the habits of
liumility, meekness, 'ind patience, '{'he more
they were persecuted, th(^ more closely llu^y ad-
hered to each .)ther. Their imiluai clmrity and
unsuspectiiif^ contidence has bcf-ii renmrked by
intidels, and was tdo often abused by pertidious
friends. — Oihuon'h Uomk, eh. 15, p. W\fy.
»r5a. UNRULINES8, Childish. Frederick IT.
'lis ,(;oveniess, \\w Dame Montbiiil, liavinij or-
ilere 1 him to do something; which was intolera-
ble to the princely mind, tlu; princely mind re-
Bislcd in 11 very strtm^o way : the princely body,
namely, tliini^ itself .suddcidy out of athird-slory
window, nothing but Wwhamh left within • ;ind
hangin;,' on there by the sill, and fixedly resolute
to obey j,'ravitation rather than Monlbai!. .-oon
broiijrht th(! poor lady to term.s ; u])on \\\\ oh,
indeed, hi,' had been taken from iier, .;ti'l irom
the wotneii idtojj;ether, as (jvidently now i oclliiK
rouffher f,'()vernment.— (Jaiii.vi.k'h Fhkdkhick
TiiK Gui;at, Rook 1, eh. !i, p. 8.
»75». UN WORTHINESS, Depressed by, Uuii-
yan. His judijinent was in the main si 'i.sfled
that the Bible was, as hci had been lauf^ht, the
Word of God. This, however, helped him little ;
for in the Hible he read hi.s own condemnation.
The weight which pressed him down was the
.sen.se of his un worth! ne.s.s. What was he that
God .should care for him ? He fancied that he
heard God sayiiiif to the angels, "This poor,
simple wretch doth hanker after me, as if I had
nothing to do with my mercy but to bestow it
on such as he. Poor fool, how art thou deceived !
it is not for such as thee to have favor with the
Highest." — Fkoudk's BuNYAN, eh. 3.
ATAI. USAGE not Law. Ki'dinmliml. [Wiien
tlie Commons were reHUiim; iheexiictioiisof thu
clergy In \^'l\\, Ihe represenlatlveMof the Cliurcli
defended the sevii*!' exlortions on the ground of
usau;e. I The liiity letorted in the words of a bar-
risierot Gray's Inn ; " The usage halh evei been
of thieves lo roil on .Shooter's hill— ergo, it in
lawful."— Kmoiit'm K.no., vol. 'J, eh. "Jd.
A75.1. USE or Abuse. .lA
\<nnj. I'I'he
ave emled li
father of
povcity and conlempt, had he not discovered an
Immense treasure buried under an old house, ihe
last remains of his patrimony. According lo the
ri';or of the law, Ihe emperor might have assert -
e.l hiscli.im, and the prudent Alliens prevented,
by a frank confession, the otllciousiiess of in-
formi'is. But Ihe equilable Nerva, wlio then
filled t he till one, r. fused toaeccptany part of it,
and commanded him to use, wiliioul s<'ruple, Ihe
present of forlune. The cautious Athenian still
Insisted tliat Ihe treasure was loo coiisidi ralilo
for a subject, and that he knew not how to une
ii. " Abuse it, then," replied the monarch, with
a good nalu red peeviNliness, "for i( is your
own." — (Jiiuion'h JioMK, ch. 2, p. 57.
A7A«. USEFULNESS, Survival of. Moukn.
(Ueign of llciu-y VIII. j Master of convocation,
absolule master of Ihe bishops, Henry had be-
come master of the monastic orders through \\w
right of visitation over them which had bcett
transferred by the a<!t of suprcimu'y from the
itapacy to the (;rown. TIk; monks were soon lo
know what this right of visitation implied in Ihe
hands of Ihe vicar general. As an outlet for re-
ligious (mthusiasm, moiiasticism was praclically
dead. The fiiar, now that his fervor of devo-
tion and his intellectual (^lu'rgy had passed away,
ha<l sunk into a mere beggar. The monks had
liecome mere lam I >i\\n(!r.s. Most of Ihe religious
hous(!s \\ re anxious only to enlarge their reve-
nues and to diminish the nuinb(;r of those who
shared them. In the general carelessness which
prevailed as to the spiritual objects of their trust,
in tlu- wastefid niatiagement of their estates, in
Ihe indolence and self-indulgence which for the
most part characterized tlu'in, Ihe monastic' es-
tablishments .simply exhibited the faults of all
corporate^ bodies that have outlived the work
which they were created to perform. — Hist, op
Eno. Pkoim.k, t< 578.
ATSr. USUBY inevitable. A.T). 408. At Rome
commerce was always held in contempt ; but the
senators, from the first age of the reptililic, in-
creased their i)alrimony and multiplied their
clients by the lucrative practice of usury ; and
the obsolete laws were eluded, or violated, by the
mittuid inclinations and interest of both parties.
— GiHiioNS Ho.MK, ch. 31, p. 251.
ft75S. USURY, Law of, Romnn. Usury, the
inveterate grievance of the city, had been dis-
couraged by the Twelve Tables and abolished
by the clamors of the people. It was revived by
their wants and idleness, tolerated by the discre-
tion of the pnctors, and finally determined by
the code of .Justinian. Persons of illustrious
rank were confined to the moderate profit of four
per rent ; six was pronounced to be the ordinary
and legal standard of interest ; eight was allowed
for the convenience of mamifacturers and mer-
chants ; twelve was granted to nautical insur-
ance, which the wiser ancients had not attempted
rMUHV-VAI.MH
iibA
to (Ictliif ; liiit, i-xri'pt III thU pflrllniiH iidvcn-
♦ iiri', tin- pnicllrc of cxdrhitiiiil tisiiry was mcviti'-
ly n'Miriilncil.—GiiiiioNH Komi:, cIi. It, p. 'M\H.
H1H9, . /.iiriiltiiH. Iili< riMiiiil (III!
cillt-M of Aslii wliicli III' ciiiiipiirc'il ill Kii'iit (lU-
trt'HH.) Ill llic lll'sl, place, lie ordrri'il llir rri'd-
lliirs Hot to tiikc iilio\<- our III till' liiiiKlml I'oi- n
inolltirMintt'l-i'Nl ; ill the next pliicc, lie iiImiIIsIh'iI
nil illtfri'Mt. Hint I'Xcnilcil till' priticipiil ; tlictlllnl
mill most liiiportiiiil I'l'^iiliitioii wns, Ihut. tlii'
cnililor nIioiiIiI not. tiikr iiliovi' ii foiirtli purt of
llir ilclitor's iiii'oini'. Ami if any oni! took iiitrr-
I'si upon liiliTi'st, III' wiiH to loNimll. Ily tlii'so
iiii'iiiis, in li'NM limn four years, all tlifilelils were
paid, and the eHiates leHtoreil freu to tliu proprie-
loiM. — Pi.rTA.iciiH l.ri ri.i.iH.
A74M». U8CRY, Lawi againit. FifUnith Cm-
t'lr//. I It \vas| enarled, " that, nil maiiiierof per-
NoiiH lending iiioney luiinil fora lime, taking for
the same loan aiiytliin;: more liesides or aliove
the money lent, by way of coiilriiet or eovcMant
at the time of tlie said loan, Hlioiild forfeil half
the inoiiev so li'iit. " — Knuhits Knii,, vol. 2,
eh. 15, p.'2t9.
ftTOI. UTILITY VI. Beauty. Sir WnlOr Srott.
(I'olitical speei'li.) " We in this dlstrlet," lie
smIiI, " arc proud, and with reason, that tlio (Irsl
cliiiin lii'iilL>;e was the work of a Scotchman. It
still lianas where lie erected it a jiretlv loii)< time
a;.'<>. The French heard of our in m ntion, and de-
termined to introduce it, but with ^^leat iinprove-
ineiits and ombellishments. ... It was on the
Heine lit Marly. Tho French chaiiibridge looked
Jij;liler and airier than the prototype. Every
Kii;;lisliman present was disposed to confess that
ve had been beaten at our own trade. Hut by
and by the >,'att.s were opened, and the multitude
were to pass over. It bej.i;an to Hwiiijf rather for-
midably beneath the pressure of the j^ood (com-
pany ; and by the time the architect, who led
the processson in f^real |»omp and /.(lory, reached
the middle, the whole >,nive way, and he — wor-
thy, patriolie artist — was the first that ti'>^ <i
<luikin^. They had forjjot the middle bolt — or
rather this in/^enious person had conceived that
to be a clum.sy-lookiii); feature, which mlf^lit
safely be dispenseil with, while lie put some in-
visible ;rimeraek of his own to supply its place."
— Hirrro.N's HcoTT, eh. 12.
li7W2. VACCINATION opposed. Kdwnrd .Ten-
ner. For thirty years after this antidote for the
small-pox was first practised in 181)0, the wholly
ij-norant and imperfectly educated still stood in
the way of this great blessing. [Edward Jeiiner
■was the discoverer.] — Knights En«i., vol. 8,
c'l. 7, p. i:w.
5ro:i. VAGRANTS, Impotitlon of. Eiiulnml
[A committee of the House of Commons, in
181(5, obtained evidence resiiecting mendicity
nnd vagrancy in London and its vicinity.] The
chief tendency of the evidence was to show how
the sturdy beggar was a capitalist and an epi-
cure ; ate fowls and beefsteaks for supper ..nd
despised broken meat ; had money in the funds,
and left handsome legacies to his relations. The
Avitnesses had famous stories of a lame impostor
who tied up his leg in a wooden frame, and a
blind one who wrote letters in the evening for
Jiis unlettered brethren ; of a widow who sat for
ten yi-nrn with twina who never grew bigjjer.—
KNiiiiir'H Knii,, vol. H, cli, 4, p. tWI.
ftTOI. VALOR, Military. Ih r,ir the Sur^rrn.
IIInmIiiuIi' lance iiiaintai I a Hying light agaliiNt
thirty Homaiis, who Were detached by W'erilaii ;
and, after kllliiigor iiiihorMing seventeen of their
nuiiilxr, Derar returned In Miifety lohlsapiiliiiid-
ing brethren. When liUraNhneHs was tnlldly cen-
sured by the general, he exiUMcd hlinself witli
the Ninipllcity of ii Noldier. " Nay," said Derar,
" I did not begin first ; but Ihev came out to take
me, and I was afraid that Ood should Nie me
turn my back ; and indeed I fought in good ear-
nest, and without diiiibl Ood assisted meiigaiiist
them ; and had I not been iippreheiiMlve of dis-
obeying vour orders, I Nhoiild not have come
away us I did ; nnd I perceive already that they
will full Into our hands." — (Jiiiuon'h Homk,
ch. 51, p. 1««.
A7<tA. VALOR, Mutual. Anrii nf (lirimnf .n
the hour of danger it wassliaineful for tliei id'
to be surpassed in valor by his companions —
sliaineftil for the companions not to eiiinil (he
valor of their chief. Tosurvive hit fall in battle
was Indelible infamy. To protect his person
and to adorn his glory with tne trophies of their
own exploits were the most .sacred of their
duties. — Giuhon'h Ho-mi-:, <Ii. K, p. 2tHI.
AT4MI. VALOR, Proof of. Tironf/rnii/n tnkrn.
A.i). 1775. IKthaii Allen, his (ireen .Mountain
boys, und otliers to the number of elghty-thrcc,
arrived at daybreak without discovery, f .Mleii
addressed thi.'iii : " Friends and fellow- soldiers,
we must this morning quit our preten.^ions for
valor, or |)ossess ourselves of this fortress ; and in-
asmuch as it is a desperate attem|it, I do not iirgi!
it on, contrary to will. You that will undertake
voluntarily, poise your firelocks, ' . . . Every
firelock wasjioised. " Face to the right," cried
Allen. . . . [They] marched to the gate, . . .
rushed into the fort, . . . raising the Indian war-
whoop, and . . . formed ... in hollow sijuare.
[Helngsummoned, Captain) Delaplace, the com-
mander, caiiK! out, nndressed, with his breeches
in his hand. " Deliver tome the fort instantly,"
.said Allen. " |{y what authority ?" ..." In
the wnnw of the (Jreal .lehovali and the Conti-
nental Congress." What cost theHritish nation
eight millions sterling . . . and man;/ lives was
won in ten minutes by a few undi.sci|'lined men,
without lo.ss. [Nearly .50 iirisoners, 100 cannon,
one thirteeii-incli mortar, ii number of swivels,
stores, and small arms were captured.] — Han-
chokt'h U. S., vol. 7. ch. !12.
ftTOT. VALOR, Spur to. liiputntion. Audit
seems to me that the ancients did not think that
valor consists iii the exemption from fear, but,
on the contrary, in the fear of reproach and the
dread of infailiy ; for those who stand most in
f ear of the law' act with the greatest intrepidity
against the enemy ; and they who are most ten-
der of their reputation look with the least con-
cern upon other dangers. — Plutakch 8 Cleo-
MKNE8.
5r6§. VALOR, "Wonderful. Consiantinf. [We
might] relate a wonderful exploit of Con.stantine,
which, though it can scarcely be paralleled
either in poetry or romance, is celebrated, not
by a venal orator devoted to his fortune, but by
an historian, the partial enemy of his fame. We
686
VALUE— VANITY.
are assured that the valiant emperor threw him-
self into tlie river Hehrus, aocomjmnied only
hy tipdve horsemen, and that by the effort or ter-
ror of his invincible arm he broke, slaufzhtcred,
and put to flight a host of 150,000 men. — Giu
bon's Uomk, ch. 14, p. 499.
li7H9. VALUE, Change in. Manhnttan Inland.
In Jarui.'vry of 1626 Peter Minuit, of Wo.sel, was
re,i;ularly appointed by the Dutch West India
Company as governor of New Xetherland.
Until this time the natives had retained theown-
ersidp of Manliattan Island ; but on Minuit's ar-
rival, in May, an offer of purchase was made
and aecepted. The whole island, containing
more tlian twenty thousand acres, was sold to
the Dutch for twenty-four dollars. — Ridpatii's
U. 8., ch. 18, p. 162.
5770. . Ti/rinn Purple. The Tyr-
ian purple is celebrated by all the ancient au-
thors. The color was the pure iuice of a partic-
iilar kind of shellfish, and being produced in
very small quantities, came thence to be of great
valiie. The moderns are not unacquainted with
the fish, but make no use of it, as a riclier color
is produced at much less expense from the coch-
ineal insect. — Tytleh's Hist., Book 1, ch. 6,
p. 51.
5771. VALUES, Conventional. West Indians.
[Columbus' first voyage.] The avarice of the
discoverers was quickly e.xcited by the sight of
small ornaments of gold, worn by some of the
natives in their noses. The.se the latter gladly
exchanged for glass beads and hawk.s' bells ; and
both parties exulted in the bargain, no doubt
admiring each other's simplicity. — Irving's Co-
lumbus, Book, 4, ch. 1.
5772. VANITY, Ezceseive. Roman Emperor
Diocletian. The Asiatic pomp which had been
adopted bj' the pride of Diocletian assumed an
air of softness and effeminacy in the person of
Constantine. He is represented with false hair
of various colors, laboriously arranged by the
skilful artists of the times ; a diadem of a new
and more expensive fashion ; a jirofusion of
gems and ]>earls, of collars and bracelets, and a
varicnated flowing robe of .silk, mo.-t curiously
embroidered with flowers of gold. In such ap-
parel, scared}' to be excused by the youth and
folly of Elagabalus, we are at a loss to discover
the wisdom of an aged monarch and the sim-
plicity of a Roman veteran. — Gibbon's Rome,
ch. 18, p. 156.
5773. VANITY, Folly of. Madman. One
day, as Artaxerxes was hunting, Tirlbazus
showed him a rent in his robe, upon which the
king said, " What shall I do with it ?" " Put
on another, and give that to me," said Tiribazus.
" It .shall be so," said the king ; " I give it thee,
but I charge tliee not to wear it." Tiribazus,
who, though not a bad man, was giddy and
vain, disregarding the restriction, soon put on
the robe, and at the same time tricked himself
out with some golden ornaments, tit only for
queens. The court expressed great indignation,
because it was a thing contrary to their laws and
customs ; but the king only laughed, and said
to him, " I allow thee to wear the trinkets as a
woman, and the robe as a madman." — Plu-
tarch's Artaxerxes.
5774. VANITY, Foolish. Ferg.mon. [Rebellion
of the Duke of Monmouth again.st Jameb fl.1
One of the insurgent chiefs was named Fer-
guscm.J . . . With this man's knavery wa.i
strangely mingled an eccentric vanity which re-
sembled madness. The thought that he had
raised a rebellion and bestowed a crown liad
turned his head. He swaggered about, bran-
dishing his naked sword, anci crying to the crowd
of s]>ectators who had as.sembled to see tlie army
march out of Taunton, "Look at me! You
have heard of me. I am Fergu.son the famous
Ferguson, the Ferguson for whose head so
many hundred pounds have l)een offen^d." And
tfiis man, at once unprincipled and brain-sick,
had in his keejang the understanding and the
conscience of the unhapjjy Monmouth. — Macau-
lay's Eno., ch. 5, p. 548.
5775. VANITY with Greatness. Queen FAiz-
aheth. A ha])py retort or a finished compliment
never failed to win her favor. She hoarded
jewels. Her dresses were inniimcrable. Her
vanity remained, even to old age, the vanity of
a coquette in her teens. No adulation was too
fulsome for her, no flattery of hei beauty too
gross. She would ])lay with he/ rii.j >. ♦hat lier
courtiers might note the delicacy of her hands,
or dance a coranto that an ambassador, hidden
dexterously behind a curtain, might report her
sprightliness to liis master. — Hist, of Eng.
People, ^ 710.
5776. VANITY rebuked. " Mne Coat." A fop-
pish physician once reminded [Samuel] John-
son of his having been in company with him
on a former occasion. "I do not remember it,
sir." Tlie physician still insisted, adding that
he that day wore so fine a coat that it must have
attracted his notice. " Sir," said Johnson, " had
you been dipped in Pactolus, I should not liave
noticed you." — Bopwell's Johnson, p. 530.
5777. . Oliver Goldsmith's. Gold-
smith, to divert the tedious minutes, strutted
about, bragging of his dre.ss, and I believe was
seriously vain of it, for his mind was wonder-
fully prone to such impressions. " Come, come,"
said Garrick, " talk no more of that. You are,
perhaps, the vorst — eh, eh !" Goldsmith was
eagerlj' attemi '.ing to interrupt him, when Gar-
rick went on, laughing ironically, " Nay, you
will always look like a gentleman ; but I am
talking of being well or ill dressed." " Well, let
me tell you," said Goldsmith, " when my tailor
brought home my bloom-colored coat, he said,
' Sir, I have a favor to beg of you. When any-
body asks you wlio made your clothes, be
pleased to mention John Filby, at the Harrow,
in Water Lane.'" Johnson : "Why, sir, that
was because he knew the strange color would
attract crowds to gaze at it, and thus they might
hear of him, and see how well he could make a
coat, even of so absurd a color." — Boswell's
Johnson, p. 16C.
577S. . Plato. Archytas, who had
engaged for Plato's safety, when he understood
his danger [from Dionysius the tyrant], sent
a galley to demand him ; and the tyrant, to
palliate liis enmity, previous to his cleparturc
made pompui's entertainments. At one of them,
how.er, he could not help saying, " I suppose,
Ph. wlKsn you return to your companions in
tlie at lemy, my faults will often be the subject
VANITY— VENGEANCE.
687
of your conversation." " I h()i>t'," unswert'd
Plato, "we .shall never be so much at a lo.ss for
subjects in the academy as to talk of you." —
Plutaucu's Dionybius.
5779. . Merucrates. [He assumed
tlie title Menocrates Jupiter. He was a physi-
cian.] King Philip hit upon a remedy for his
visionary correspondent. Philip invited him to
a grand entertainment. Menecrates had a sep-
arate table, where nothing was served up to him
but incen.se and perfume, while all the other
guests fed upon the most exquisite dainties.
The first transports of joy with which he was
seized, when he found his divinity acknowl-
edged, made him forget that he was a man ;
but hunger afterward forcing him to recollect
his being .so, . . . he took leave of the company
abruptly. — Rolun'b Hist., Book 14, § 8.
57§0. VANITY, BidiculouB. Mo n v m ental.
The triumphal arch of Con.stantine still remains
a melancholy proof of the decline of the arts,
and a singular testimony of the meanest vanity.
As it was not possible to lind in the capital of
the empire a sculptor who was capable of adorn-
ing that public monument, the arch of Trajan,
without any respect either for his memory or
for the rules of propriety, was stripped of its
most elegant figures. The difference of times
and persons, of actions and characters, was to-
tally disregarded. The Parthian captives ap-
jiear prostrate at the feet of a prince who never
carried his arms beyond the Euphrates ; and
curious antiquarians can still discover the head
of Trajan on the trophies of Constantine. The
new ornaments which it wa.s necessary to intro-
duce between the vacancies of ancient sculpture
are executed in the rudest and most unskilful
manner. — Gibbon's Ro.me, ch. 14, p. 483.
5r§ I. VANITY, Victim of. Alexander. His
only fault [in conversation] was his retaining so
much of the soldier as to indulge a troublesome
vanity. He would not only boast of his own
actions, but suffered himself to be cajoled by
flatterers to an amazing degree. These wretches
were an intolerable burden to the rest of the
cumpany, who did not choose to contend with
them in adulation, nor yet to appear behind
them in their opinion of their king's achieve-
ments. — PLUTAncii's Alexanueu.
5T§a. VASSALAGE, HumiUating. Charles 11.
to Louis XIV. Since the king was bent on
emancipating himself from the control of Par-
liament, and since, in such an enterprise, he
could not hope for effectual aid at home, it
followed that he must look for it abroad. The
power and wealth of the King of France might
be equal to the arduous task of establishing ab-
solute monarchy in England. Such rn allv
would undoubtedly expect substantial proofs
of gratitude for such a service. Charles must
descend to the rank of a great vassal, and must
make peace and war according to the directions
ol' the government which protected him. . . .
His relation to Louis would closely resemble
that in which the Rajah of Nagpore and the
King of Oude now stand to the British Govern-
ment. Those princes are bound to aid the East
India Company in all hostilities, defensive and
offensive, and to have no diplomatic relations
but such as the East India Company shall sanc-
tion. The Company, in return, guarantees them
against insurrection. — Macaulav's En<i., cli. 2,
p. 11)1.
5783. VEOETAEIAN, Trials of the. Jtmph
Ititson. John Leyden's great antipathy was Hit-
son, an ill-(;onditioned antiqmirian, (if vegeta-
rian principles, whom Scott alone of all the anli-
quanans of that day could manage to tame and
tolerate. In Scott's absence one day, during his
early married life at Lasswade, Mrs. Scott inad-
vertently offered Ilitson a slice of bcjf, when
that strange man burst out in such outrageous
tones at what he choo.se to suppose an insult,
that Leyden threatened to " thraw his neck" if
he were not sik-nt — a threat which frightened
Ritson out of the cottage. On another occasion,
simply in order to tease Ritson, Leyden com-
plained that the m<?at was overdone, and sent to
the kitchen for a plate of literally raw beef, and
ate it up solely for the purpose of shocking his
crazy rival in antiquarian research. — Hl'tton's
Life of Siu Walteu Scott, ch. 6.
57§4. VENGEANCE, Cry for. Mary Queen
of Scots. The lords conducted the queen as a
prisoner to Edinburgh Castle. In passing through
the army she was assailed with the imprecations
of the military and the populace. The soldiers
waved before her horse a banner, on which was
represented the dead body of Darnley [her mur-
dered husband, whose death she had caused] ly-
ing beside his page in the orchard of Kirk o'
Field, and the little King James on his knees in-
voking the vengeance of Heaven against his moth-
er and the murderer of his unhappy father, in
these words of the royal poet of Israel, "Judge
and avenge my cause, O Lord !" " By this royal
hand," she said to Lord Lindsay, who had aided
in the unpardonable murder of her first favorite,
Rizzio, " I'll have your heads for this !" — Lam-
autine's Mary Queen of Scots, p. 32.
57§$. . Against Murderers. It
was a law of the State, that any man invested
with a military command might frustrate any
charge brought against him by going on service.
Sylla therefore defeated the purpose of his ene-
mies by repairing immediately to his army, and
commencing the campaign against Mithndatcs.
His partisans at Rome, in the mean time, took
advantage of a series of violent and illegal pro-
ceedings of Cinna, to procure his deposition
from office, and his expulsion from the city.
Marius, returning to Italy at this juncture,
found means to levy a considerable army, and
joining his forces to those of Cinna, they laid
siege to Rom», at that time reduced to great dis-
tress by famine. In this situation, the Senate
capitulated with these traitors in arms, repealed
the attainder of Marius, and restored Cinna to
his consular function. They entered the city tri-
umphantly at the head of the army, and imme-
diately gave orders for a general massacre of all
those citizens whom they regarded as their ene-
mies. The .scene was horrible beyond all de-
scriptioB. The heads of the senators, streaming
with blood, were stuck up before the rostra ; "a
dumb senate,' says an ancient writer, "but
which yet cried aloud to Heaven for vengeance."
— Tytler's Hist., Book 4, ch. 1, p. 394.
57§6. VENGEANCE demanded. Virtue dis-
honored. [Tarquinius'] son Sextus, lawless and
flagitious, had committed a rape on Lucictia, the
wife of CoUatinus, and the injured matron, un
688
VENGEANCE— VENTURE.
I
able to survive her dishonor, slabbed herself iu
the presence of lier Inisband and kindred. Bru-
tus, a witness to tins shocking scene, drew the
dng^^er from her breast, and swore by the eter-
nal gods to be the aveni^er of her death— an oath
immediately taken by ad who were present. The
dead body of the violated Lucretia was brought
into the forum, and Brutus, throwing off his as-
sumed disguise of insanity, appeared the pa.ssion-
ate advocate of a just revenge, and the animated
oralor in the cau.se of liberty against tyrannical
oi)l)ression. The people were roused in a mo-
ment, and were prompt and unanimous in their
procedure. Tarquinius was at this time absent
from tlie city, engaged in a war with the Rutu-
lians. The Senate was assembled, and pro-
nounced a decree which banished forever the
tyrant, and at the same time utterly abolished
the name and ollice of king. — Tytlek's Hist.,
Book 3, ch. 2, p. 302.
5717. VENGEANCE, Diabolical. John Wilkes
Booth. lie liad been from tlie outbreak of the
rebellion one of the most fanatical devotees ; and
as its strength and prospects of success began to
grow less and less, his mind was absorbed in des-
perate schemes for reviving its fortunes and se-
curing its triumph. . . . What was [at first] . . .
a desire to aid the rebellion became, after this
was hopeless, a desperate determination to avenge
its downfall. He plotted the murder of Mr. Lin-
coln and of the leading members of the govern-
ment. — Raymond's Lincoln, ch. 21, p. 713.
57§§. VENGEANCE, Foolish. Jainea IT. [He
was fleeing from his English subjects, whom he
had exasperated by his oppressions.] At three
in the mornins^ of Tuesday, the 11th of Decem-
bci-, James ro«o, took the great seal in his hand,
laid bis commands on Northundjcrland not to
open the door of the bed-chamber till the usual
liour, anil disappeared through a secret passage.
. . . Sir Edward Hales was in attendance with
a hackney coach. James was conveyed to Mil-
bank, where he crossed the Thames in a small
wherry. As he passed Lambeth he flung the
great seal into the midst of the stream, whence,
after many montJis, it w-as accidentally caught
by a lishing-net and dragged up. — Macaulay's
En(!., ch. \), p. 509.
5789. VENGEANCE of God. Appeal to. [A
Protestant] nobleman named Villemongis, when
brought to the scaffold [at Amboise], dipped
his hands in the blood of his slaughtered com-
rades, and, '-aising them to Heaven, exclaimed,
" Lord, beliold the blood of thy children ; Thou
wilt take vengeance for them !" — Students'
Fhance, ch. 16, § 2.
5790. VENGEANCE, Maternal. Hannah Dus-
tin. The town of Haverhill, on the Merrimac,
was captured under circumstances of special
atrocity. Nearly forty persons were butchered
in cold blood ; only a few were spared for cap-
tivity. Among the latter was Mrs. Hannah Dus-
tin. Her child, only a week old, was snatched
out of her arms and dashed against a tree. The
heartbroken mother, with her nurse and a lad
named Leonardson from Worcester, was taken
by the savages to an island in the Merrimac, a
short distance above Concord. Here, while their
captors, twelve in numbei', were asleep at night,
the three prisoners arose, silently armed them-
.'^elves with tomahawka and with one deadly
blow after another (n'u.shed in the temples of the
sleeping .savages until ten of them lay still in
death ; then embarking in a canoe the captives
dropped down the river, and reached the Eng-
lish .settlement in .safety. Mrs. Dustia carried
home with her tlu; gun and tomahawk of the
savage who had destroyed her family, and a l)ag
containing the .scalps of her neighbors. It is not
often tliat the mother of a murdered babe has
found such ample vengeance. — Ridpatii's U. S.,
ch. 16, p. 150.
5791. VENGEANCE, Merciless. James II. [Af-
ter .subduing the rebellion in Scotland, led by the
Duke of Argyle.] The vengeance of the con-
querors was mercdessly wreaked on the people
of Argyleshire. Many of the Campbells were
hanged without a trial by Athol. . . . More than
three hund'X'd rebels and malcontents w<M-e tran.s-
ported u) the colonies. Many of them were also
.sentenced to mutilaiion. On a single day the
hangman of Edinburgli cut off the ears of thir-
ty-five prisoners. Several women were sent
across the Atlantic after being first branded in
tlie cheek with a hot iron. — Macaulay's Eng.,
ch. 5, p. 537.
5792. VENGEANCE, Monnment for. Athcm-
ans. [After the battle at Marathon.] With
presumptuous conlidence, the Pi'rsians had
brought marble from Asia to erect a triumphal
monument on the .subjugation of tli"ir er c'es.
The Athenians caused a statue of >'.i^>'^ • ' c
Goddess of Vengeance, to be forme . ..at i^t this
n'arble, by the celebrated Phidias ; and tablets
to be erected, on which were recorded the
names of the heroes who had fallen in the flglit.
— Tytler's Hist., Book 2, ch. 1, p. 130.
5793. VENGEANCE, Passionate. Governor
William Berkeley. [In the early history of Vir-
ginia the tyranny of Governor Berkeley was re-
sisted, and he hung twenty-two patriots ;] nor is
it certain when the vengeful tyrant would have
stayed his hand, had not the assembly met and
passed an edict that no more blood should be
spilt for past offences. One of the burgesses
from the county of Northampton said iu the de-
bate that if the governor were let alone he would
hang half the country. When Charles II. heard
of Berkeley's ferocity, he exclaimed, "The old
fool has taken away more lives in that naked
country than I for the murder of my father ;"'
and the saying was true. — Ridpatii's U. S.,
oh. 12, p. 121.
5794. VENGEANCE for Vengeance. " War oj
tlis Roses." The head of Duke Richard, crowned
in mockery with a diadem of paper, is said to
have been impaled on the walls of York. His
second son, Lord Rutland, fell crying for mercy
on his knees before Clifford. But Clifford's
father [Lord Clifford] had been the first to fall
in the battle of St. Alban's, which opened the
struggle. " As your father killed mine," cried
the savage baron, while he plunged his dagger in
the young noble's breast, " I will kill you !"
The brutal deed was soon to be avenged. — Hist.
OF Eng. Pfopi.e, i^ 449.
5795. VENTUEE, An instructive. Captive
Party of Franks. [A colony of or ptive Franks]
had been established by Probus [the emperor]
on the sea-coast of Pontus, with a view oi
strengthening the frontier against the inroads of
VKIIDICT— VICE.
680
the Aliini. A fleet Htationed in one of tlie linrbors
of the Euxine fell into the hands of the FrankH ;
and they resolved, through unknown seas, to ex-
plore their way from the mou ih of the Phiusis to
that of [their native country] the Rhine. Tliiy
easily csfaped through the Bosphorus and the
Hellespont, and cruising along the Mediterra-
nean, indulged their appetite for revenge and
f»lundcr by frequent descents o he unsuspect-
ng shores of Asia, Greece, and Africa. The
opulent city of Syracuse, in whose port the na-
vies of Athens and Carthage had formerly been
sunk, was sacked by a handful of barbarians,
who massa(;red the greatest part of the trem-
bling inhabitants. From the Island of Sicily the
Franks proceeded to the columns of Hercules,
trusted themselves to the ocean, coasted round
Spain and Gatd, and steering their triumphant
course through the British Channel, at length
finished their .surprising voyage by landing in
safety on the Batavian or Frisian .shores. The
example of their suci;css, instructing their
countrymen to conceive the advantages and to
despise the dangers of the sea, pointed out to
their enterprising spiritsa new road to wealth and
glory. — Gibbon's Rome, ch. 12, p. 384.
5796. VEBDICT, A welcome, lieign of Jaims
II. [Jeffreys tried Lord Delamere for treason.]
All the triers, from Churchill, who, as junior
baron, spoke first, up to the treasurer, pro-
nounced, on their honor, that Delamere was not
fuilty. . . . The public joy at the acquittal of
•elamere was great. The reign of terror was
over. The innocent began to breathe freely, and
false accusers to tremble. One letter written on
this occasion is scarcely to be read without tears.
The widow of Ru.ssell, in her retirement, learned
the good news with mingled feelings. " I do
bless God , " she wrote, ' ' that He has caused some
stop to be put to the shedding of blood in this
poor land. Yet when I should rejoice with them
that do rejoice, I seek a corner to weep in." —
— Macaulay's Eno., ch. 6, p. 37.
5797. VETO, Power of. liomnm. The first
tribunes of the people were created two hundred
and sixty years after the foundation of Rome,
and seventeen years after the abolition of the re-
gal government. These magistrates were habit-
ed like simple citizens ; tlioy had no exterior en-
signs of power ; they had neither tribunal nor
jurisdiction as judges ; they had no guards nor
attendants, unless a single domestic termed
Viator or Apparitor. They stood without the
senate-house, nor durst they enter it unless they
Were called in by the consuls ; but pos.sessing
. . . the power of suspending or annulling, by a
single veto, the most solemn decrees of that
body, their influence and authority were very
great. — Tytler's Hist., Book 3, ch. 4, p. 319.
5798. VICE concealed. Bacchanalians. [This
society of young people of both sexes met for
purposes professedly pious, and at their frequent
meetings indulged in every .species of promis-
cuous debauchery,] and even in the commission
of the most atrocious crimes ; for the youth of
either sex whom they trepanned to their abomi-
nable purposes, if unwilling victims,' usually paid
the forfeit of life. A freed woman, anxious for
the safety of her lover, disclosed the mysteries
to tiie consul, Postumius, and to him and to his
colleague the Senate committed full power to
take every necessary measure for the detection
and punishment of all concerned in this horrid as-
.sociation, both in Rome and in the other cities of
Italy. The number was found to exceed seven
thousand. Of these the most guilty were capi-
tally punished ; others betook themselves to vol-
untary banishment ; and not a few, from con-
scious guilt and the terror of puni.shment, laid
violent hands on themselves. TIk; Senate pas.sed
a solemn decree that henceforward no individual
should presume to offer a sacrifice to Bacchus,
at which more than five persons a.ssisted, with-
out a previous permission granted by their body
in full assembly. — TytIjEu's Hist., Book 3,
ch. 0, p. 381.
5799. VICE, Diiqaallfied for. Erif/liiihman.
The Englishman is held to be " the most unsuc-
cessful rake in the world. He is at variance
with himself. He is neither brute enough to
enjoy his appetites nor man enough to govern
them." — Knioiit's Eng., vol. 5, ch. 4, p. 54.
5§00. VICE, Patron of. Henri/ III Henry
abandoned himself without restraint to those
disgraceful vices and outrageous buffooneries
which were the bane of his character and his
reign, and which inflicted a deep and lasting in-
jury on the social condition of France. The
court became alternately the scene of unbridled
sensuality and of fierce braAvls, bloody duels, and
licensed as.sassi nation. On one occasion three of
the king's minions, who were not deficient in
personal valor, fought publicly with three crea-
tures of the Duke of Guise. Four of the com-
batants were killed on the spot, among whom
were two of Henry's favorites. Over their dead
bodies the monarch made a most preposterous
and degrading exhibition of effeminate sorrow
and fondness, and erected for them a sumptuous
mausoleum in the church of St. Paul at Paris. —
Students' France, ch. 18, § 4.
5 §01. VICE, Pleasure in. Epicureans. It
might have been the chief pleasure of Epicurus
to be honest and just in his dealings, but others
find pleasure in fraud and chicane. In short,
there is no vice or crime that might not find an
apology, or rather a recommendation. Had it
not afforded pleasure it would not have been
practiyed or committed. " If it is allowable for
me," we .shall suppose the disciple of Epicurus
to say to his master — " if it is allowable for me
to pursue pleasure as mj' chief object, it is, of
consequence, allowable for me to be vicious, if
I find plea.sure in it." " But you arc punished,"
says Epicurus, ' ' in the consequence ; and you
will find vice prod 'f-tive of pain instead of
pleasure." "Oft, ," says the disciple, " I take
my risk ; I look to the consequence, and I find
it overbalanced by my present gratification ; I
find pleasure In this action, notwithstanding the
hazard of its consequence ; it is therefore allow-
able for me to commit it. " Epicurus must grant
that the conclusion is fair and legitimate. —
Tytlek's Hist. , Book 2, ch. 9, p. 280.
5§02. VICE by Seaction. From Puritanism.
Because he had covered his failings with the
mask of devotion, men were encouraged to ob-
trude with cynic impudence all their most scan-
dalous vices on the public eye. Because he had
punished illicit love with barbarous severity,
virgin purity and conjugal fidelity were to be
made a jest. To that sanctimonious jargon.
090
VICE— VK'TOHV
wliich wuti his Shihhulelh, wiis opposed tinotlicr
jargon not less absurd and iiiudi more odious.
Ah iio ncviT opeued his mouth except In scrip-
tural phrase, tlie new breeds of wits and tiiK;
gentlemen never opened their mouths witliout
uttering ribaldry of whieh a porter would now
be asliamed, and without calling on their Maker
to curse them, sink them, confound them, blast
them, and damn them. — Mac.vulay's Eno.,
ch. 8, p. :n2.
S803. VICE, SohooU of. BHnkinu Plaeen.
[After the assassination of Lincoln aiid the at-
tempt(!d assassination of Mr. Seward at the same
hour,) orders wens instantly given to close all
drinking-shojis and all places of public res*)rt in
the city. — Hay.mond's Lincoln, ch. 31, p. 701.
S§04. . PrkoiiK. In this apart-
ment all the inmates of the prison, men and
women, debtors and felons, passed the day. As
the jailer had the privilege of selling beer and
liquors to tlu; jirisoners, they were supplied with
just as much drink as they could pay for ; and,
consequently, this day-room often presented i
scene of riotous debauchery. Every new-comer
had to heat the whole company ; and all lines,
bets, and i)enalties were discharged by pots of
ale and bowls of punch. As no enq)loyment was
provided for the prisoners, nor any books, most
of them spent the day, and every day, in playing
cards and in drinking the beer and brandy wliich
were the invariable stakes. The presence of
women was frequently the occasion of excesses
still more abominable. In this school of deprav-
ity, maintained at the expense of the virtuous
portion of the coninuinity, youthful offenders,
whom judicious treatment could easily have res-
cued, were rendered in a few weeks adepts in all
the arts by which crime preys upon virtue. There
murderers recounted tales of butchery, highway
robbers vaunted their exploits on the road, house-
breakers unfolded their secrets and magnified
their gains. There }'oimg women, imprisoned
on su.spicion of a tritiing theft, were thrown
among the most abandoned of their own sex and
the most brutal of ours. — Cyclopedia ok Bioo.,
p. 43.
5805. VICES, Dishonored for. Roman Em-
peror Ela(jabalu». [See No. 1829.] Elagabalus
was massacred by the indignant Prajtorians,
his mutilated corpse dragged through the streets
of the city, and thrown into the Tiber. His
memory was branded with eternal infamy by
the Senate, the ju.stice of whos(! decree has been
ratified by posterity. — Gibbon's Rome, ch. 6,
p. 174.
5§06. VICES, Victim of. Charles James Fox.
[He oi)posed the subjugation of the colonies by
masterly speeches in Parliament.] With talents,
good-nature, and truthfulness he had no restrain-
ing principles, and looked down with contempt
on those who had. Priding him.self on ignorance
of every self-denying virtue, an adept in debauch,
and vain in his exce.s.ses, he feared nothing. Un-
lucky at the gaming-table, . . . draining the cup
of pleasure to the dregs, fond of loose women
and beloved by them, the delight of profligates,
the sport of usurers, impoverished by his vices, he
braved scandal, and gloried in a lordly reckless-
ness of his inability to pay his debts. . . . He
had a strong will, but never used it to bridle bis
l)assions, even though their indulgence wronged
his own father or corrupt(!(l his young admirers.
— Uancuokt's U. S., vol. 9, ch. 8.
5§07. VICTORIES endangered, Sherman's
Arm//. Wiien, on the H)th of March [1865], Gen-
eral Sherman was incautiously ai)proaching Ben-
tons ville, he was suddenly' attacked by the ever-
vigilant .Johnston, and tor a while the Union
army, after all its marches and victories, was in
(langer of destruction. But the tremendous
lighting of General .Jefferson C. Davis' division
.saved the day, and on the 3l8t Sherman entereil
Goldsborough \inoi)po.sed. — Kiupatii's U. B.,
ch. «(J, p. r,m).
580§. VICTOEIES oi' Genius. Frederick the
dreat. The king's fame tilled all the winld. He
had, during the last year, maintained a contest,
on terms of mlvantage, against three powers, the
weakest of which had more than three times his
resources. He had fought four great pitched
battles against superior forces. Three of these
battles he had gained ; and the defeat of Kolin,
rei)aired as it had been, rather raised than low-
ered his military renown. The victory of Leu-
then is to this day the proudest on tr e roll of
Piussian fame. [Battles of IColin, Rosbach, and
Leuthen ; the first and last against the Austrlans,
the .second against the French.] — Macaulay's
Fhioukiuck the Great, p. 98.
5§09. VICTOEIES, SnocesBion of. Napoleon I.
The Austrians were now driven out of Italy.
[a. d. 1797. ] Napoleon commenced the campaign
vith 30,000 men. lie received during the prog-
ress of these destructive battles 25,000 recruits.
Thus in fen months Napoleon, with 55,000 men,
had conquered live armies under veteran generals
and composed of more than 200,000 highly dis-
ciplined Austrian troops. He had taken 1(X),000
prisoners, and killed and wounded 35,000 men.
These were great victories, and "a great vic-
tory," said the Duke of Wellington, nobly, "is
the most awful thing in the world except a great
defeat." — Abbott's Napoleon B., vol. 1, c-h. 7.
5§10. VICTORY, Bloodless. Pizairo in Pent.
The Peruvian inca said : " I desire to be a vassal
of the gods alone. I know nothing about the pope,
nor his pretended right to dispose of my king-
dom ; and as to renouncing the religion of my
ancestors, it will be time to do that when you
have proved to me the truth of yours." As soon
as the [Spanish] priest returned with this reply
[from the inca], Pizarro ordered his artillery to
open. A short but desperate and bloody ^jattle
ensued. Rushing himself upon the litter of the
inca, Pizarro overturned it and took the monarch
prisoner. Then the Peruvians fled, leaving be-
hind them their king, 2000 killed, 3000 prisoners,
and an immense booty. Pizarro was wounded
in the hand, but he lost not a man of his little
army. This single battle made Pizarro master
of Per\i, which he ruled for the next eight years
with sovereign sway. — Cyclopedia op Biog.,
p. 327.
5§ 11. VICTORY, Costless. Roman. Bclisarius,
the Roman general, met the Vandals, who had
conquered Carthage, above twenty miles from
that city, in a decisive battle. Yet no more than
fifty Romans and 800 Vandals were found on
the field of battle ; so inconsiderable was the
carnage of a day which extinguished a nation
VICTORY.
091
niid triitistVncil tlic ciupirc of Africa. — Oihhon'h
KoMK, til. 41, i>. i;w.
5Sia. VICTORY, Costly. To CoiistantifiM.
1II(! fought tlu! usurper Miigciitius at Mursa in
luiigary.) Tbu nuiiil)L'r of tiu! slain was (;()m-
putt'd at 54, 000 men, and tlic slauj^litcr of llic
conquerors was more consideraljle than that of
the vancjuishcd ; a circumstance wliich proves
the olistinacy of tlie contest, and justilies tlie ob-
.servation of an aficient writer, tliat the forces
of the eini)ir(! were consumed in the fatal battle
of Mursa, by the loss of a veteran army, sufllcient
to (lefen(l tli(! frontiers, or to add new triumplis
to the slorv of Home. — Giuhon's Uomk, ch. 18,
p. l!»6.
ftfii 1 3. VICTORY, Decisive. Santtof/a. On the
9tb of October [1777] Burgoyue reached Sarato-
ga, and attempted to escape to Fort Edward. But
Gates and Lincoln now commanded the river,
and the proud Briton was hoi)elessly liemmtd in.
lie held out to tlui last extremity, and tiiially,
wlien there were only three days between liis
soliliers and starvation, was driven to surrender.
i)n the 17tli of October terms of capitulation
were agreed on, and the whole army, numl)ering
.~)791 , became prisoners of war. Amc^ng tlie cap-
tives were si.\ members of the British Parliament.
A splendid train of brass artillery, consisting of
43 jiieces, together with nearly .5000 muskets and
an imiTK'iise (piaiitity of aiiMiiunition and stores,
was tlie further fruit of the victory. The valor
of the patriots had fairly eclipsed tlie warlike
renown of Great Britain. — 1{idi».\th's U. H.,
<'h. 40, p. ;«4.
5§14. VICTORY by Enthusiasm. Surrender of
Burgoyue. October 1777. [At the battle of Sara-
toga.] The cause of the great result was the
courage and the determined love of freedom.
... So many of the rank and file were free-
holders, or freeholders' sons, that they gave a
character to the whole army. . . . When the
generals who should have (lirected them [Gen-
erals Gates and Lincoln] remained in camp, their
common zeal created a harmonious correspond-
once of movement, and battled the high olHccrs
and veterans opposed to them. — Bancuokt's
U. S., vol. 9, ch. 24.
5815. VICTORY, Expensive. Pyrrhus. [Pyr-
rlius withstood the Romans at Asculum, where
he was] wounded in the arm with a javelin, and
the Samnites plundered his baggage ; anil ilie
number of the slain, counting the loss on both
sides, aniount(Ml to above 1.5,000 men. "When
they had all quitted the lield, and Pyrrhus was
congratulated on the victory, he said: "Such
another victory and we are undone." For he
had lost great part of the forces which be brought
with him and all his friends and officers, except
a very small number. lie had no others to send
for to supply their place, and he found his con-
federates here very cold and spiritless ; whereas
the Romans tilled up their legions with ease and
despatclv from an inexhaustible fountain which
they had at home ; and their defeats were so far
from discouraging them, that indignation gave
them fresh strength and ardor for the war. —
Pl.UTAKCU's PyUKHUS.
5816. VICTORY by Fortune. Pompey. The
great Pompey might inscribe on his tropliies
that he had defeated in battle two millions of ene-
mies and reduc(!(l tifteeii hundred cities from
Lak(! MiL'otis to tlie Red Sea ; but the fortum; of
Rome Hew before his eagles ; the nations were
oppressed by their own fears, and the invincible
legions which he commaiuled had been formed
by the habits of con(|Uest and tlie discipline of
ages. — Giiuion's Ro.mk, ch. 43, ]). 190.
5817. VICTORY by Generalship. Battle of
Pritirtton. Washington's position wa.s critical
in the extreme. To attein])t to recrosss the Dela-
ware was hazardous. To retreat in any direc-
tion was to los(! all that he had gaine(ri)y his
recent victory. To be beaten in battle was utter
ruin. In the great emergency he called a coun-
cil of war, aiul announced his determination to
leave the camp by night, make a circuit to the
cast, pass the British left think, and strike the de-
tachment at Princeton befon; his antagonist could
discover or impede his movement. Orders were
immediately issued for the removal of the bag-
gage to Burlington. In order to deceive the
enemy, the camp-tires along the Assanpink were
brightly kindled and a guard left to keep them
burning through the night. Then the army was
put in motion by the circuitous route to Prince-
ton. Everything was done in silence, and the
Briti.sh sentries walked their beats until the
morning light showed them a deserted camp.
Just then the roar of the American cannon, thir-
teen miles away, gave Cornwallis notice of how
he had been outgeneralled. At sunrise Washing-
ton was entering Princeton. At the .same mo-
ment the British regiments stationed there were
marching out by the Trenton road to reenforce
Cornwallis. The Americans met them in the
edge of the village, and the battle at once began.
. . . The valor of Washington never shone with
brighter lustre. He spurred among his flying
men, who rallied at his call. He rode between
the hostile lines, and reined his horse within thirty
vards of the enemy's column. . . . [The Brit-
ish were defeated.] — Ridpath's U. S., ch. 40,
p. 317.
5818. VICTORY, Genius for. Cromwell. Two
thirds of the field were gained for Rupert and
for Charles. Lord Fairfax was defeated. He
tied through the field, through the hosts of the
Cavaliers, who supposed him to be some Roj'al-
ist general ; he posted on to Cawood Castle, ar-
rived there, and in the almost or entisely desert-
ed house he unbooted and un.saddled himself,
and went like a wise old soldier to bed. But
amid all that rout, carnage, and flying confu-
sion, one man held back his troops. Cromwell,
there to the left, when he saw how the whole
Royalist force attacked the centre, restrained the
fiery impatience of his Ironsides ; he drew them
off still farther to the left ; his eye blazed all on
fire, till the moment he uttered his short, sharp,
passionate word to the troops, " Charge, in the
name of the Most High 1" Beneath the clouds,
beneath the storm, beneath the night heavens
flying along, he scattered the whole ma.ss. We
know it was wondrous to see him in those moods
of highly -wrought enthusiasm ; and his watch-
word always struck along the ranks. "Truth
and Peace !" he thundered along the lines ;
' ' Truth and Peace !" in answer to the Royalist
cries of " God and the King !" " Upon them —
upon them !" That hitherto almost unknown
man and his immortal hosts of Puritans poured
692
VICTORY.
\ipoii the Ciiviiliers. The ftir was nlive with nr-
tillery. Cromwell seized the very guns of the
lioyivlists, luid t\irned tiiem upon themselves.
Thus, when the Koyalists returned from the
scattering the one wing of their foes, they found
the ground oc(;upied by victors. TIks fight was
fouglit again, but fouglit in vain ; in vain was
Rupert's rallying cry, "For God and for the
King !"— IIood'h Cromwell, ch. 8, p. 115.
5810. . Qmir. [At the siege of
Alesia immense armies gatliered against him.]
Out of the 00,000 that had sallied forth in the
morning, all but a draggled remnant lay dead
on the hill-sides. Seventy-four standards were
brought to Ciusar. The besieged retired into
Alesia again in despair. The vast hosts that
were to have set them free melted away. In the
morning they were streaming over the country,
making back for their homes, witli CiEsar's cav-
alry behind them, cutting tliem down and cap-
turing them in thousands. The work was done.
The most daring feat In the military annals of
mankind had been successfully accomplished.
A Roman army which could not at the utmost
liave amounted to 50,000 men had held block-
aded an army of 80,000 — not weak Asiatics, but
European ,soldi(;rs, as .strong and as brave indi-
vidually as tae Italians were ; and they had de-
feated, beaten, and annihilated another army
which had come expecting to overwhelm them,
five times as large as their own. — Fiioude's
C/ESAR, ch. 19.
5820. VICTORY, Honorable. Alexander. In
the month of September there happened an
eclipse of the moon, about the beginnmg of the
festival of the great mysteries at Athens. The
eleventh night after that eclipse the two armies
being in view of each other, Darius kept his men
under arms, and took a general review of his
troops by torchlight. Meantime Alexander suf-
fered his Macedonians to repose themselves, and
with liis soothsayer Aristander performed some
privjvte ceremonies before his tent, and offered
sacrifices to Fear. The oldest of his friends,
and Parmenio in particular, when they beheld
Hie plain between Niphates and the Gordrean
Mountains all illumined with the torches of the
Barbarians, and heard the tumultuary and ap-
palling noise from their camp, like the bellow-
ings of an immense sea, were astonished at their
numbers, and observed among themselves how
arduous an enterprise it would be to meet such a
torrent of war in open day. They waited upon
the king, therefore, when he had finished the
sacrifice, and advised him to attack the enemy in
the ni^ht, when darkness would liide what was
most dreadful in the combat. Upon which lie
gave them that celebrated answer, ' ' I will not
steal a victory." — Plutauch's Alexander.
5821. VICTORY, Inexpensive. Battle of Dun-
bar. Terrible was the awakening of the Scottish
soldiers ; and their matches all out ; the battle-
cry rushed along the lines— " The Covenant I
The Covenaht !" but it soon became more and
more feeble, while yet high and strong, amid the
war of the trumpets and the musketry, arose the
watchword of Cromwell : " The Lord of Hosts I
The Lord of Hosts I" The battle-cry of Luther
was in that hour the charging word of the Eng-
lish Puritans. Terrible 1 but short as terrible !
Cromwell had seized the moment and the place.
The hour and the man met there ; in overthrow-
ing the one flank of the enemy's line, he made
them the authors of their own defeat. A thick.
fog, too, had embarra.ssed their movements ;
their very numbers became a source of confu
sion. Hut now over St. Abb's Head the sun.suil-
denly appeared, crimsoning the sea, scattering
the fogs away. The Scottish army were seen
flying in all directions— flying, and so brief a
fight! "They run I" said Cromwell ; "I pro-
test they run !" and catching inspiration, doubt-
less, from the bright shining of the daybeam,
" Inspired," says Mr. Forster, "by the thought
of a triumph so mighty and resistless, his voice-
was again heard, ' Now let God arise, and let
His enemies be scattered!'" It "was a won-
derful victory — wonderful even among won-
derful triumphs 1 To hear the shout sent up by
the united English army ; to see the general
make a halt, and sing the one hundred and sev-
enteenth p.salm upon the field. Wonderful that
that immense army should thus be scattered —
10,000 prisoners taken, about 3000 slain, 200
nlors, 15,000 stand of arms, and all the artille-
ry ! — and that Cromwell should not have lost of
his army twenty men ! — Hood's Cromwell,
ch. 13, p. 154.
5822. . Casar'a. The most re-
markable feature in Caesar's campaigns, and
that which indicates most clearly his greatness
as a commander, was the smallness of the num-
ber of men that he ever lost, eitlier by the
sword or by wear and tear. No general was ever
so careful of liis soldiers' lives. — Froude's Cm-
SAR, ch. 14.
5823. VICTORY, Inglorious. Commodvs. We-
read that Commodus descended, sword in hand,
into the arena against a wretched gladiator,
armed only with a foil of lead, and, after shed-
ding the blood of tlie helpless victim, struck,
medals to commemorate the inglorious victory.
— Macaulay's Frederick the Great, p. 56.
5824. VICTORY, Miraculous. Apparently.
[Clovis, the] victorious king of the Franks, pro-
ceeded without delay to the siege of Angou-
leme. At the sound of his truiiipets the walls
of the city imitated the example of Jericho, and
instantly fell to the ground ; a splendid miracle,
which may be reduced to the supposition that
some clerical engineers had secretly undermined
the foundations of the rampart. • — Gibbon's
Rome, ch. 38, p. 585.
5825. VICTORY, Moderation in. General
Grant. Grant, with true delicacy of feeling, re-
fused to be present at the terrible humiliation of
his foe [surrender of General Leel. . . . Gov-
erned by the same feelings, he made no victori-
ous entrance into the Confederate capital. — »
Headley's Grant, p. 238.
5826. VICTORY, Opportunity for. Alfred the
Great. The Saxons were reduced to such de-
spair that many left their country, fled into the
mountains of Wales, or escaped beyond sea.
Alfred himself was obliged to relinquish his
crown. He concealed himself in the habit of a
peasant, and lived for some time in the house of
a neatherd. ... A chief of Devonshire, a man
of great spirit and valor, had, with a handful of
his followers, routed a large party of Danes, and
taken a consecrated or enchanted standard, in
VICTOR V—VINDICTIVENKSS.
on;}
whk'li Ihej' reposed tlie utmost eontideiico. Al-
fred, observing tliis syiiii)t()in of reviving; spirit
in liis sul)je(!ls, ieft liis retrciil ; hut l)efor«! Imv j
Wii recourse to arms, lie resolved to inspect him-
self tlie situation of the enemy. Assuming' the j
disjfuiseof aiiarper, he |)iissed without susincion
into tiie Danish camp, wliere his music, and drol-
lery ol)tuin»!d him so favorable a reception that
he was kejit there for several days, and even
lodged in tlie tent of their prince. Here, having
remarked their careless security, their contempt
of tli(! Knglish, and their own real weakness, L(3
immediately, by private emissaries, summoned ii
rendt'/.vousof the bravest of the Sa.xon nobles. —
Tyti-ku's Hist., Book «, cli. 5, p, 108.
5*27. VICTORY a Preparation. Najwleon I.
" Such a rapid suc(,'ession of brilliant victories,"
said Las Casas to Napoleon at St. Helena, "fill-
ing the world with your fa me, must have been
u .source of great delight to you." "By no
means," Napoleon replied ; " they who think so
know nothing of the peril of our situation. The
vidoryof to-day was instantly forgotten in prep-
aration for the battle which was to be fought on
the morrow. The aspect of danger was before
me. I enjoyed not one moment of peace." — Aii-
uott's N.vi'OLKON B. , vol. 1, ch. 5.
5§aS. VICTORY presumed. Pompey. After
one doubtful engagement, in which the advan-
tage was rather on the side of Pompey, [Julius]
Oit'sar led him on to Macedonia, where he had
two additional legions under his lieutenant Calvi-
nus. Pomptiv, who was easily elated with every
appearance oi success, flattered himself that this
was a retreat upon tlu! part of his enemy. He
was, therefore, anxious to come up with him,
and eager to terminate the war by a general en-
gagement. This was exactly what Caj.sar wished.
This important battle was fought in the field of
Pharsalia. The army of Pompey amounted to
45,000 foot and 70()0 horse, which was more
thiiii double that of his rival ; and so confident
of victory were the former, that they had adorned
their tents with festoons of laurel and myrtle,
and preparetl a splendid banquet against their
return from the battle. Vain and presumptuous
preparations ! Of this immense army, 15,000
were left dead on the field and 24,000 surren-
dered themselves pri.soners of war, and cheerful-
ly incorporated themselves into the army of the
yictor, whose loss, in all, did not exceed 200
men. Ca-sar found in the camp of Pompey all
his i)apers, containing the correspondence he car-
ried on with the chief of his partisans at Rome.
The sagacious and magnanimous chief com-
mitted them unopened to the flames, declaring
that he wished rather to be Ignorant who were
his enemies than be obliged to p^uiish them. —
Tytlek'8 Hist., Book 6, ch. 2, p. 409.
»'5Sa9. VICTORY, An unfortunate. Battle of
Manassas. The justice of history compels \is to
state that two causes — the overweening confi-
dence of the South in the superior valor of its
people, induced by the unfortunate victory at
Manassas, and the vain delusion . . . that Euro-
pean interference was certain, and that peace was
near at hand — conspired about this time [close
of 1861] to reduce the Southern cause to a crit-
ical condition of apathy. — Pollaud's Fikst
Yeak of the War, ch. 8, p. 210.
5S:iO. VICTORY, VioUmi of. Imhan». [John
Donelson, the father of General .Fackson's wife,
and other pioneer emigrants were floating down
the Tennes.see River, seeking homes in the wil-
derness.] On board one boat, containing twenty-
eight persons, the smallpox raged. As this boat
always saile^l at a certain distance behind the
rest, it was attacked b/ Indian.", who captured it,
killed all the men, an(l carried olT the women and
children. The Indians caught the small i)ox, of
which .sonu! hundreds died in the course of the
season. — Cyci,(ji'i;i)i v ok Biocj., p. 5ij;5.
asai. VILLAINY, Reward of. Titus Gates.
On the day in which he was brought to lUv bar,
Westmin.ster Hall was cr-iwded with sjiectators,
among whom were many l{onian Catholics,
eager to .see the misery and humiliation of their
persecutor. A few years earlier his sliort neck,
his legs uneven as those of a badger, his forehead
low as that of a baboon, his purple cheeks, and
his mon.strous length of chin, had been familiar
to all who frequented the courts of law. He had
then 1)( 1 u the idol of the nation. Wherever he
had appeared men had uncovered their heads
to him. The lives and estates of the magnates
of the realm had been at his mercy. Times had
now changed ; and many who had formerly re-
garded him as the deliverer of !iis country .shud-
dered at the sight of those hideous features ou
which villainy .seemed to be written by the hand
of God. — Macaulav's Eno., eh. 4, p. 448.
5§3a. VINDICATION, Audacious. /MhireU.
[He tlirected tiie assas.sins of Darnley, Queen
Mary's despised husband. They assassinated him
that Both well might take his i)lace.] Bothwell
was accused of regicide before the judges of
Edinburgh, at the instance of the Earl of Lennox,
the king's father. The favorite, with undaunted
audacity, supported by the ((ueen and by tho
troops devoted, as usual, to the reigning power,
appeared in arms before the judges, and inso-
lently exacted from them an acquittal. Tho
same day he rode forth, mounted on one of
Darnley's favorite horses, which the people
recognized with horror bearing his murderer.
The queen saluted him from her balcony with
a gesture of encouragement and tenderness. —
Lamartine'8 Mauy Queen ob' Scots, p. 30.
5§33. VINDICTIVENESS, Prelatical. Arch-
hislwp Sharpe. [Archbishop Sharpo was shot at
in Scotland, and afterward recognized his would-
be assassin. Ilis name was Mitchel. After being
tortured by the "iron boot,"] he was brought,
before the council, and after a solemn promise
that his life should be spared, confessed his
guilt. The council doomed him to perpetual im-
prisonment on the Bass Rock, [''rhree or four
years later] it was determined to bring him to
trial. He was brought to Edinburgh, and his
own confession was urged against him. The
promise on which that confession was extorted
was suppressed. The archbishop denied it. The
council books were not allowed to be produced.
The man was convicted. A distinct record of
the promise was found in the council books im-
mediately after conviction, yet he was executed
Burnet says : "It was such a combination of
treachery, perjury, and cruelty as the like had
perhaps not been known." — Knight's Eng.,
vol. 4, ch. 21, p. 348.
694
VI()LKN(;K-VIin'lK.
&nttt. VIOLENCE, Error of. ChrMaim. Tho
Hiicccssliil f.\iiiiii)let>l' litillit.T >,'av(; ns(! lo reform-
ers of (lilTerent kiiidM, and ainoiijr the rest two
fnniilicH of Haxoiiy, who ,e names were Htork and
Aluneer, pretended to reform holli the Culliolies
and the Lutherans. It was their notion that tiie
jfospel jfiive them a warrant for propa;,'atin>r their
tenets by force of arms, which tliey j^roiinded on
these words of Scrijituro : "lam c(mie not to
send i)eace, hut u sword." They condenuied the
baptism of infants, and trhaptized tlu'ir (iisciples
wlien lliey weie come to the age of mauluml,
wlience tliey ^ot tlie name of Anabajitists. Tliey
prciiciicd up an imiversal ecpiality among man-
kind, and strenuously contended botli for relig-
ious and civil liberty ; Init it was their error to be
too violent. They had not strength to support
their sanguinarv notion of converting men by
the sword ; and after committing some horrible
outrages, they were defeated by the regular
troops of the empire, and Muncer and several of
his a.ssociates had their fieads cut off upon a scaf-
fold at Mulhausen. — Tyti<ku'k Hist., Book 6,
ch. 20, p. 21)7.
ft«;i5. VIEOINITY dedicated. Piilcfiena. Pul-
cheria, the sister of Theodosius, . . . received, at
tlie age of si.xteen, the title Augusta. . . . She
continued to govern the Eastern empire near for-
ty years : duruig the long minority of her broth-
er, and after Ins death in her own name, and in
Die name of Marcian, lier nominal husband.
From a motive either of prud' nee or religion,
she embraced a life of celibacy ; and notwith-
standing some aspersions on the chastity of Pul-
cheria, this resolution, which slie commimicated
to her sisters Arcadia and Marina, was celebrated
by the Christian world as the sublime effort of
heroic piety. In the presence of the clergy and
l)cople the three datighters of Arcadiiis dedicat-
ed their virginity to God ; and the obligation of
their solemn vow was inscribed on a tablet of
gold and gems, which they jiublicly offered in
the great church of (Jon.stantinople. Their pal-
ace was converted into a monastery ; and all
males, except the guides of their conscience, the
saints who had forgotten the distinction of sexes,
were scrupulously excluded from the holy thresh-
old. Puh^heria, her two sisters, and a cliosen
train of favorite damsels formed a religious com-
munity ; they renounced the vanity of dress ;
interrui)ted, by frecjuent fasts, their simple and
frugal diet ; allotted a portion of their time to
works of embroidery, and devoted several liours
of the day and night to the exercises of prayer
and i).salm()dy. The piety of a Christian virgin
was adorned by the zeal and liberality of an em-
press. Ecclesiastical history describes the splen-
did churclies which were built at the expense of
Pulcheria in all the provinces of the East ; her
charitable foundations for the benefit of strangers
and the poor ; the ample donations which she
assigned for the perpetual maintenance of mo-
nastic societies, and the active severity with
which she labored to suppress the opposite lier-
esies of Nestorius and Eutyches. — Gibbon's
Home, ch. 32, p. 367.
5§36. VIEGINITY, Faith in. JoaJi of Arc.
[After her capture by the British she was tried
by the University of Paris as a sorceress. They
were under restraint because of her professed
virginity.] Tliey pronounced as their opinion
that it was lawful to have recourse to the yo\mg
maiden. The Archbishop of Kmbrnn, who had
been consulted, pronounced similarly, support-
ing his opinion i»y showing how God had fre-
((uently revealed to virgins — for instance, to the
.sil)y|.s — what he coiucaled from men ; how the
demon could not make a covenaiu with a vir-
gin ; and recommending it to be a.scerlnineil
whether Jehanne were a virgin. Thus, being
pushed toextremily, and either not being able or
iHiing imwilling to explain the delicate distinc-
tion betwixt good and evil revcilalions, knowl-
edge humbly referred a ghostly matter to a cor
poreal test, iuid made this grave (piestion of the
si)irit depend on wonum's mystery. As thedix;-
tors could not decide, the ladies did ; and the
honor of the Pucelle was vindicated by a .jury,
with the good Queen of Sicily, the king's molli-
er-in law, at their head.— Muiielkt'h Joan ok
Anc, p. 10.
SWar. VIEOINITY, Bacred../M;i^/'y1/r. She
was .said to l)e a virgin, and it was a notorious
and well-ascertained fact that the devil could
not make a compact with a virgin. Tlu; coolest
head among the English, Bedford, the regent,
resolved to have the point cleared up ; and his
wife, the duchess, intrusted the matter to some
matrons, who declared Jehanne to be a maid —
a favorable declaration, which turned against lu r,
by giving ri.se to another superstitious notion— to
wit, that her virginity constituted her strength,
her power, and that to deprive her of it was to
disarm her, was to break the charm, and lower
her to the level of other women. — Miciielet's
Joan of Auc, j). r)2.
«i3S. VIETUE, False. Wife of CotiKtuntiuc.
They a.scribe the misfortunes of Crispus to the
arts of hisstej)niother, Fausta, whose implacable
liatred, or whose disappointed love, renewed in
the palace of Constantine theuncient tragedy of
llippolitus aiul of Phiedra. Like the daughterof
Minos, the daught(!r of Muximian accused her
son-in-law of an iiu e.stuoiis attempt on the chas-
tity of his father's wife, and easily obtained, from
the jealousy of the emperor, a sentence of death
against a young prince whom she considered
with reason as the most formidable rival of her
own children. But Helena, the aged mother of
Constantine, lamented and revenged the untime-
ly fate of her grandson (Jrispus ; nor was it long
before a real or pretended discovery was made,
that Fausta herself entertained a criminal connec-
tion with a .slave belonging to the imperial sta-
bles. — Gihbon's Rome. ch. 18, p. 162.
5§;fl;<. VIETUE, Political. Beign of James
IT. Rochester was lord lieutenant of Hertford-
shire. All his little stock of virtue had been ex-
pended in his struggle against the strong temp-
tation to sell his rdigion for lucre. He was still
bound to the court by a pension of £4000 a
year, and in return for this pension he was
willing to perform any service, however illegal
or degrading, provided only that he were not re-
quired to go tlirough the forms of a reconciliation
with Rome. He had readily undertaken to man-
age his country ; and he exerted himself, as
u.sual, with indiscreet heat and violence. But
his anger was thrown away on the sturdy squires
to whom he addressed himself. They told him
with one voice that they would send up no man
to Parliament who would vote for taking away
VIHTUK— VISION.
(iU5
tho wifcjjfiiiirdH of llic Protestant relijifion. —
Macaui.ay's Kn(1., ell. H, ji. '.WZ.
5840. VIBTUE, Froteotion of. (Japtnrr of
It»»ru'. A iloiiDin Imiy, of Nin^uliir hciiutv iiiul
orthodox faith, had excited tliitiinpalieiit (lesires
of ayoiingdolli, wlio, aecordiiiif to tlu; Hajj-wious
reiiiarii of Sozomeii, wuh attaclied to tlie Arian
Iieresy. Kxasperated by her ohstiiiale resiHtaiiee,
he drew liis sword, and, witli tlie anj;er of a
lover, Hligiitly w()un(h'(i luir ne< k. Tlic hlcedinjf
heroine .still continned to brave ids res(;ntnient
and to repel his love, till the ravislier desisted
from his unavailin;^ ell'orts, resjx'etfnlly (londucl-
ed her to thesanetnury of the Vatican, and ^'ive
six piec(« of gold to the guards of the church, on
condition that they shoidd restore her inviolate
to the arms of her husband. — Oiuhon'h Home,
eh. a, p. 285.
51141. VIETUE, PubUo, Pertiiuu. [When
Pertinax was raised to tlu! throne of the Itoman
Empire] he found a nobler way of condemning
his pre<leces8or'.s memory, by the contrast of his
own virtues with the vices of Commodus. On
the (hiy of his accession he resigned over to his
wife and son his whole private fortune, that they
might have no pretence to solicit favors nt the ex-
pense of the State. lie refu.sed to Hatter the van-
ity of the former with the title of Augusta, or
to corrupt the inexperienced youth of tlu; latter
by the rank of Ciesar. Accurately distingui.shing
between the duties of a parent and those of a
sovereign, he educated his son with a severe sim-
plicity, which, while it gave Idm no a.ssured
prospect of the throne, nught in time have ren-
dered him worthy of it. In pu])lic the Ixihavior of
Pertina;c was grave and affable. He lived with
the virtuous part of the Senate (and, in a private
station, he had been acciuaintcd with the true
character of each individual), without either
pride or jealousy ; con.sidered them as friends
and companions, with whom he had shared the
dangers of the tryanny, and with whom he
wished to enjoy the security of the present time.
He very frequently invited them to familiar en-
tertainments, the frugality of which was ridi-
culed by those who remembered and regretted
the luxurious prodigality of Commodus. — Gin-
uon's Rome, ch. 4, p. 119.
5842. VIETUE, Severity in. Stoics. The
virtue of Marcus Aurelius Antoninus was of a
severe and laborious kind. It was the well-earned
harvest of many a learned conference, of many
a patient lecture, and many a midnight lucu-
bration. At the age of twelve years he embraced
the rigid system of the Stoics, which taught him
to submit his body to his mind, his pa.ssions to
his reason ; to consider virtue as the only good,
vice as the only evil, all things external as things
indifferent. His meditations, composed in the
tumult of a camp, are .still extant ; and he even
condescended to give lessons of philosophy, in
a more public manner than was perhaps consis-
tent with the modesty of a sage or the dignity of
an emperor. Bnt his life was the noblest com-
mentary on the precepts of Zeno. He was severe
to him.self, indulgent to the imperfection of oth-
ers, jrst and beneficent to all mankind. — Gib-
noN'B Rome, ch. 3, p. 95.
5§43. VIETUE, Superior. Pfiocioii. He was
one of the greatest men that Greece ever pro-
duceo, in whose person every kind of merit was
unitcil. He had been educated in the school of
IMalo and XciKicratcs, and fornu'd his manners
upon the most perfect plan of pagan virtue, to
which his conduct was always conformable. It
would be diHlcidt for any person to carry disin-
terestedness highcrthan iliis cxlraordinary man,
which a|)pcarcd from the extreme |iovi'rty in
which h(! .11 'd, after the many great olllccs he
had filled. Ill w miuiy opportunites of a<'(|wir-
ing riches has a gcncrid always at the liead of
arndes, who acts against rich and opulent cne-
ndes ; sometimes in countries abounding with all
things, and which seem to invite the plunderer I
But Phocion would have tho\iglit it infamous
had he returned from his cainpai>;ns laden with
any acqidsition but the; glory of his exalted ac-
tions and the grat(?ful benedictions of the peo-
ple he had spared. — Rom.in'b Hist., Hook 10,
5844. VIETUE, Uncertain. Satmid Jolninoti.
I asked whether a man naturally virtuous, or
one who has overcome wicked inclinations, is
the b(!st. Johnson : " Sir, to yon. the nuui who
has overcome wicked inclinations is not tho
best. He has mor(! merit to //(■;««'//; I would rath-
er trust my money to a man who has no hands,
and so a physical impossibility- to steal, than
to a man of the most honest principles. There
is a witty satirical story of Foote. He had a
small bust of Garrick i)laced upon his bureau.
' You may be surprised,' said he, ' that I allow
him to be so near my gold ; but you will ob-
serve he has no hands.'" — Boswki.i.'s.Ioiinson,
p. 499.
5845. VISION, Fanciful. I'hantow ('it;/. [Sol-
yman, an Ottoman emir, was made ruler of the
ancient Mysia, where also were the ruins of \\w
once opulent ('ity of (Jyzicus.] One night that
Solyman, seali'd on the brink of the .sea, was
contemplating 'ii a solemn mood, these ruins of
temples and ol ,ialaces, illuminated like fantas-
tic monuments by the glimmering liuht ot a moon
in Its first quarter, a transparent mist, rolled
along by the north wind, came to dilTu.se itself
upon the.se ruins, and to im])ress upon them, by
its undulations, the appearance of life and move-
ment. He fancied that the i)hantom city was
shaking off its shroud and lifting il.self out of
its sepulchre. The murmuring of the waves at
his feet, augmenting the illusion, seemed like
the hum of a great city when awaking in the
morning. He called to mind that prophetic;
moon which, is.suing formerly in a dream from
the .side of Edebali, and representing the beauti-
ful and prolific Alalkatoun, had appeared to his
grandsire Otham in the gorges of Phrygia. This
second apparition of the moon, illuminating at
the same time Asia and Europe in a .scene of such
solemnity, appciircd to him a confirmation of the
promise made his forefather, and a reproach of
the temporization of liis father Orklian. Thus
the credulous simplicity of the shepherd is always
blended m the Turk with the heroism of a war-
rior. The East has dreams in all its histories.
It is a moon that conducts the Ottomans first to
Phrygia, then to Europe. — Lamautine's Tur-
key, p. 229.
5846. VISION, Horrible. Marcus Brutus. A
little before he left Asia he was sitting alone in
his tent, by a dim light, and at a late hour. Th<!
whole army lay in sleep and silence, while the
cm
VISION— voTi:.
fri'iiciiil, wiiippcd ill mcdiliilidii, llioiijrlil he ptT
ciiivcil .soinclliiiiij; filler liiHlml ; liiriiiii^Mowuril
tlui iloor, he mhw ii liorrllilc unit inoMMtrniisNiicc-
trt' Mliiiiiliii>f silciillv liy lii>* niilc. " Wliiii art
llioii '/" siiiii Ik;, lioldly ;" " art llioii ^( d or iniiii '.'
And wiml is tliy biiHiiii'MH witli iiic ?" 'I'licspcc
Ire uiiswiTcd, "I iiin tliy evil u;i'niiiH, HiiiIiim !
Tliou will Hiin inc lit I'liilippi.' To wliicli lin
caiiniy rciilit'd, " I'll niwt tlicc lluri'." WIkii
tlir iippiirition wiiH K<»><'. I><* ciillcd Ids Hcrvunis,
who told him they hud iicilhcr hi'iird any nois(>
. jior liad Hi'i'ii liny vision. — I'mitauch'h AIaucuh
Hiurnm.
»«ir. VISION, Spiritual. ,Simkn/>or(/. Then"
Is II natural hody, and thrro is ii spiritual liodv ;
mid, as a consi'iiucnci!, thrre is a natural nii^m,
and tiicns is a spiritual siiflit. . . . Now, it is pos-
sible for lh(! spiritual houy to ho raised purlially
above the natural body, without causiiif^ death,
or the entire withdrawal of its life from the nat-
ural body. This partial witlidriiwai of llu! spir-
itual body, and the enjoyment of .si/rht in the
spiriliiul world, is wliat is ineuiit by the opening
of till! spiritual siglit. — Wiiitk'h Hwkukniiouu,
ch. H, p. 71.
»«l». VISION of War. Haniuhal. His strong
sen.se of being tlu; devoted instrument of his
country's gods to (l(;stroy their enoinies haunted
him by night us lliijy |)osse.ssed him by day.
In his sleej), so he told Hilenus, ho fan(!ie(l tliat
the supreme god of his fathers had called him
into the presence of nil the gods of Ciirlliage,
who were sitting on their thrones in council.
Tlierc he received ii solemn eliarge to iiiviide It-
aly ; and one of the heavenly council went with
him and with Ids army, to guide him on Ids way.
He went on, and his (livine guide comiiiiinded
him, " Hee that thou looli not behind thee !" Hut
after a while, impatient of tlie restraint, lie turn-
ed to look back ; and there lus beheld a huge and
monstrous form, thick set all over willi serpents ;
wherever it moved orchards and woods iukI
houses fell crashing before it. H(! asked his
guide in wonder wlmt that monster form was.
The god answered, " Thou secst the; desolation of
Italv ; go on thy way, straight forward, and cast
no look behiiKl." — Ahnoi.d's H.wnihal, p. 7.
5i'10. VISIONS, Effective. Joan of Ave. One
summer's day, a fast-day, .Jeanne being at noon-
tide in her futher'.s garden, clo.se to the church,
saw a dazzling light on tliiit side, and heard a
voice .say, " .Jeanne, be a good and obedient
child ; go often to church." The poor girl was
exceedingly alarmed. Another time she again
lieard the voice and saw the radiance ; and in
the midst of the effulgence noble figures, one of
which had wings, and seemed a v/iHtipnid'hoiunie.
"Jeanne," said this figure to her, "go to the
succor of the King of France, and thou .sliult re-
store his kingdom to him." She replied, all
trembling, ' ' Messire, I am only a poor girl ; I
know not how to ride or lead men-at-arms." The
voice replied, " Go to M. de liaudricourt, cap-
tain of Vaucouleurs, and he will conduct thee to
the king. St. Catharine and St. Marguerite will
be thy aids." She remained stupefied and in
tears, ivs if her wliole destiny liad been revealed
to her. The prud'homme was no less tlian St.
Michael, the severe arcliangel of judgments and
of battles. He reappeared to her, inspired her
with courage, and told her "the pity for the
kingdom of |''nincr." Then ii|)pcared .sainted
woini'ii, all ill while, wilh countless llglils around,
rich crowns on llieir heads, mid Ihcir voices soft
mid moving iiiilo Icars ; but .leaiine shed them
iiiicli more ciipiously when saints and angels
eft her. " I longed, ' she said, " for the angels
-Miciiki.kt'h Juan,
to take me away, too.
I.. ."..
5MA0. VISIONS, Fiotitloai. Siej/e of Comtau-
tinoiik. [Hy Amurulh II.) The strength of the
Willis resisted an army of ^(10,000 Turks. . . .
The enthusiasm of the dervis, who was snulched
to heaven in visionary coiivcrst; wilh Miibonict,
was answered bv the credulitvof tlu! C!hristlaiis,
y/Xnt beheld i\\v Virgin Mary, inn violet garment,
walking on llie rumoiirt iiiid iinimiitiiig their
courage. — Giiiiion'h Uo.mk, ch. O.'i, p. 2b5.
«W»I. VISITOR, Welcome. Lnfayette. Great
was the joy of llie American people in tlie sum-
mer of Wi\. The venerated Lafayette, now
aged and gray, returned once more to visit the
land for wlio.se freedom he hud shed his blood.
Tlie honored patriots who had fought by his
side came forth lo greet him. The younger he-
roes came forth to greet him. In every city and
on (;very battle-Held which he visited he was
surrounded by a throng of shouting freemen.
His journey tlirough the country was a triumph.
It wiis a .solemn and .sacred moment when lie
stood iiloiie by the grave of Washington. Over
the dust of the great dead the patriot of France
piiid the homage of his tears. In September of
182.') he bade a tlniil adieu to tlie people who had
made him tlieir ^mesl, and tlieii sailed for his na-
tive land. At his departure tlie frigate Brandy-
wine — II name signiticant for lain— was preptired
to lieur iiim away. — RiorATii's U. S., ch. 52,
p. 433.
5S5il. VOICE, A powerful. Colonel Ileni-y
Kno.r. He had one excellent quality of an ar-
tillery ofllcer — 11 voice of stentorian power.
Wlien General Washington cro.ssed the Dela-
ware, ("olonel Knox, it is said, was of the great-
est ussislance, from tlie fact that his orders could
be heard from one side of llie river to the otlier.
— Cvei.oPKDiA OF Bioo., p. 460.
5i53. VOICE, Training of. Demoittheim. The
hesitation and stammering of his tongue he cor-
rected by pructising to speak with pelibles in his
mouth ; and he strengthened liis voice by run-
ning or wulking upliill, and pronouncing some
pas.suge in an oration or poem during the ditH-
culty of breath which that caused. He hud,
moreover, a looking-glass in ids liou.se, lieforo
which he used to declaim and adjust all his mo-
tions. — I'l.UTAUCIl'S Demostiiknes.
5§54. VOICE, Well-preserved. Old Age.
[When He v. Joliu Wesley was seventy years old
lie preached in a magnificent natural amphi-
theatre at Gwennap to more than 30,000 people,
l)y whom he was easily heard in tlie still even-
ing.]— Stevenh' Methodism, vol. 2, p. 119.
5S55. VOTE, Only one. Olirer Cromwell. [He
was returned to Parliament from the borough of
Huntingdon.] He took his seat in tlie fourth Par-
liament of Charles I. for Cambridre. His elec-
tion was most obstinately contested, and he was
returned at last by the majority of a single vote ;
his antagonist was Cleaveland, the poet. " That
VOTE— vow.
fly?
vot(!,"i'xrliilm('(l rii'uvcliind, " Imtli niiii(><l holli
(Miurcli and kiiiK«l<)in !" — IIouu'm Ckomwki.i,,
oh. 4. p. H'i.
AMAtf. VOTE, Pow«r of one. Sfutrtn. Spartii
<-riJ()y*'il a loiipT period of proHpcroiiN duration
tliaii any oilier State of anli(pdly. So loii^ an
tier origiinil eoiiHtilution remained inviolati',
whicii wa« for I he period of several centuries, the
liacedii'Mionians were a virtiioim, a iiappy, and
a rcHpeelaltie people. Kriij^alily, we itnow, wilm
(he Hold of l,yeiir>;iiH' estahlishinent. The lii.K-
iirioim dispoMJiion of a Nin^d<! eiti/.en inlrudiiced
(lie polHon of corriiptioii. Lysandcjr, whose mil
i'ary laleiils raised his country to a superiority
over all the (Ireciaii Slates, sent home, after Hie
con(|Uest of .\theiis, the wealth of that lii.xurious
repulilii^ to liaceda'iiion. It was debuled in lliit
iMenate whether it should Im received ; the lieyt
and wisest of that order considered it iis a most
<lan;!;erous breach of the institutions of their le>^
islator ; hut others were dazzled with the lustre
of that K"I<1. with which they were, till nosv,
iiniu'iiuainted, and the intluenci^ of [jysander
prevailed for its reception. It was d(!creed to
receive tlie money for the use of the State, while
it was at the same time declared a capital crime
for any of it to be found in the po.ssession of a
private citizen — a weak resolution, which in ef
h'v.i was (lonsecratinjif and making; rc^spectabh;
in the eyes of the citizens that very lliinj^ of
whicli it was necessary to forbid them to aspiiH!
at the i)()sse.ssion, ... A sinirlo voic(! in the
Senate, pcrhai)s, decided the fate of that illus-
trious (!()mmonwealtli. Had there been one otluT
virttious man, whose ncfjative would have caused
the rejection of that p(>rni(;ious ineasurt!, Sparta
mij^lil have continued to exist for af;es frupil,
warlike, virtuous, and luicorrupted. — Tyti.kk'h
Hist., Hook 4, ch. 6, p. 471.
5H57. . Battle of Mdrnthon. One
officer in the council of war had not yet voted.
This was Callimachus, tho war-ruler. The voles
of the K'^'n^nils were five and five, so that the
voice of Callimachus would be decisive. On
that vote, in all liuman probability, the destiny
of all the nations of the world depended. Mil-
tiadcB turned to hlin, and in simple soldierly
eloquence . . . the great Athenian thus adjured
liis countrymen to vote for giving battle: "It
now rests with you, Callimachus, either to en-
slave Athens, or, by assuring her freedom, to
win yourself an immortality of fame, such as
not even Ilarmodius and Aristogeiton have ac-
<iuired ; for never, since the Athenians were a
people, Were they in sncU danger as they are in
at this moment. If they bow the knee to these
Medes, they are to be given up to Hippias,
and you know what they then will have to suf-
fer. But if Athens comes victorious out of this
contest, she has it in her to become the first city
of Greece. Your vote is to decide whether we
are to join battle or not. If we do not bring on
a battle presently, some factious intrigue will
disunite the Athenians, and the city will be be-
trayed to the Medes. But if we light before
there is anything rotten in the State of Athens, I
believe that, provided the gods will give fair play
and no favor, we are able to get the best of it in
an engagement." The vote of the brave war-
ruler was gained ; the council determined to give
battle. — Decisive Battles, § 15.
ARAN. YOTZS, Solloltinfc.
riUf. |('iindldiile for Hoii.si
were sitting, . , . the two hidiesand myself,
WilUom W. (fn-n-
of Commons. | Wo
in
our snug iiarlor, oik^ lady knitting, the other net*
ting, and the gentlemen winding worsted, when to
(uir unspeakabli- surprise a moil iippeiired before
the window ; a smart nip was heard at the door,
the bovs bellowed, and the iniiid iiniiownced .Mr.
(Irenville. Puss was unfortunately let out of
her box, .so that the' caiididiitc, with all his good
friends at his lieels, was refused adiiiiltiiiice at
the grand entry, and referred to the buck door,
as the only possible V y of approach. ... I lolil
him I liiui no vole, for which he readily gnve
me credit. I assured him I had no intliience,
whicli he was not e(pially inclined to iielicvc^
and the less, no doubt, because' Mr. ^ .libiiiiier,
the draper, addressing himself to me at this mo-
ment, informed me that I had a great deal. . . ,
Thus ended the conference. Mr. (Jrenvllle
s(|U('ezed me by the liiind again, kissed the la-
dies, and withdrew. He? kissed, likewise, the
maid in the kitchen, and seemed, upon Hie
whole, a most loving, kissing, kind hearled gen-
tleman. [William Cowper's letter to Hev. .John
Newton.]— S.MiTii's Cowi'i'.n, ch. 7.
AMAO. VOTING for Chriit. l{oi,i<ii, Stwitr.
In a full meeting of the |ltonian| SciimIc, \\n>,
emperor pr(ipose(l, Mccording to Hk- forms of tlu;
republic, Hie important ipiestlon. Whether th(>
worship of .lujiiler or that of Chrisl should be
the religion of the Hoinans. Tlu! liberty of suf-
frages, which head'ected to allow, was destroyed
by the hopes and feiirs that his presence ins|)ired ;
and the arbitrary {'\\\{\ of Symmachiis was a
recent admonition that it might be dangerous
to oppose the wishes of the moiiMrch. On a
regular division of the Senate, .lupiler was con-
demned and degraded by the .seii.se of a very
large majority. [.\.i>. IJHH.] — Oihuon's Ko.mk,
ch. 2H, p. i:n.
AMtfO. VOW of Gratitude. Ahnihdtti Lincoln.
Immediately after the battle of Aiitielam . . . |the
President said to his Cabinet :] " The time forthe
annunciation of the Emancipation policy could
no longer be delayed." I'utilic sentiment, he
thought, would sustain it ; many of iiis warm-
est friends and supporters demanded it, and he
had prmnmd hin Uod that hi' would do it. ... "I
made a .solemn vow before God that if General
Lee were driven back from Pennsylvania I
would crown the result by the declaration of
freedom to the -slaves." — Raymond's Lincoln,
p. 765.
A§61. VOW, A sadden. Martin Luther.
Another circumstance happened which hastened
his decision to .seek his soul's salvation in the
moiiMstic lioliness recommended by the church.
He bad been on a visit to his parents. On his
return to the university he had ri'ached the vil-
lage of Stotternheim, near P'rfurt, when a furious
thunderstorm burst over him, and he fell fright-
ened to Uie earth, crying out, " Deliver me, St.
Ann, and I will become a monk." Though he
regretted liaving made this vow, he felt himself
bound to keep it. And this impelled him to
monkhood, for, as lie said him.self, he never
could tiud comfort in his Christian baptism, and
was always much concerned to obtain the favor
of God through his own piety. — Rein's Luther,
ch. 3, p. 29.
()(»H
VOVVH— WAdKS.
Afltt*i. VOWS, Foroad. C.mrnit. |Miilil<lii
Imi'iiiiic iIic wife III llt'iiry I. of l'!ni(liiiiil. |
Miitililit iipiM'itrcil 1)1 'fcii'i' hin coiirl ti. icil lur
tuir in wiii'iIh III' |HtsMliiiijtii' )'iirn('sln<'N.>i. She liml
hvvu vcilcil ill llcr ('llilillliiiiii, s|h> MHKi'rtl'ii, niily
til Niivi' lii-r friiiii llir liiMiilis III' ilir riidi' Hiililii'i V
will) inlVNii'il III!' liitiil ; Imil tliinu tln' veil innii
liiT ii^uiii itiiil iiK»i», iiiiii liiiil yi'l'li'il at last In
tlir iiiiwoiiiaiilv tikiiiilx, iIh- ikiiiiiil iilovvsiil' liiT
itiiiil, " Am iitli'ii as I Htiiiiil ill lii'i' iii'i'si'iici',"
tlic ^irj iilcikili'il, " I Willi- till' vi'il, In iiililiii^ dm
I Willi' it Willi iiiill^iiiiliiiii mill fTii) I Kilt as
Niiiiii as I riiiilil p'l (lilt, lit' Inr sIkIiI I iisfd In
siiali'li it rriiiii my lirad, lliim it mi llic ^'niiiiui,
anil traiiipi)' it iiiiiirr I'mit. 'I'liiit was llir way,
and iiiiiii- iillirr, ill wliirli I was vcilid." Aiiscliii
III liner diTlarcd lirr I'rrr l'i-iini ('iinvfiitiial linnds,
lllld llic slinlll III' liir i'llii^lisji niilltiliiilr wlirll lir
Hcl till* criiwn nil Maliida's liniw dniwiii'd liii'
iiiiirniiir iif cliiirrliniaii nr nf lianiii.-— Hiht. ok
Knii. I*i:i>n,i;, ^ 117.
AI>tO:i. VOWS, Religlona. hi Sirkntnn. In 1244
liDiiis IX. . . . was ri'diiii'd tii Hie Imrdrrs of
till- f{ravi'. Wiiiif lyill^' in this (irH|KTalc cuiidi-
tiiin al tlic cliali an nl' I'milnisi', and rxiiccliii^
(■aril niiiini'iil In lie liis last, Ik: dcniandci! nf his
Htlriidaiits a iriiiillx, wiiiili hi' plai rd u|)(in Ids
breast, and siinl< ininii'diatciy intDiistatiMirdi'atli-
lilti' li'tiiartry. 'I'his was Ilir crisis of tlic disca.sc.
To till' astiinisliincnt and jny of all, llii^ daiip'r
passed, and rniin thai lidiir I.iiiiis lie^aii to re-
cover. It soon Iraiispired that in ids extremity
lie had solemnly vowed tliat, NJioiild his life li'
Hpared, he would proceed on a crusade to the
IIol" Land. — Sti!I)Knts' Fuanck, <h. 1), t^ 4.
rtJK3.|. . (Uiini/iuM. [See No. riHOr..]
The tempest .still raj^ini; willi iinalialed violence,
the admiral and all tlie mariners made a vow
that, if spared, wiierever lliey llrst landed they
would ^o in procession han^footed and in their
shirts to olTer up prayers and thanksgivings in
Koine cliiirch dedicated to the Holy Virgin.
Besides these general acts of propitiation, each
oiu! made his [irivale vow, binding himself to
some pilgrimage or vigil or oilier rite of jieiii-
teiicc ami thanksgiving at his favorite shrine.
The heavens, however, Hcemed deaf to their
viivvH ; the storm grew still more wild and fright-
ful, and each man ga\ e himself up for lost. —
Iuvino'h Comjmiu'h, IJook 5, ch. 2.
51165. . (\ibnnl)\tH. lOn his return
voyage; a territlc storm threatened the destruction
of all.) Heeiiig all human skill baffled and con-
foundeil, Colninbiis endeavored to pro|)iliate
heiivcii by solemn vows and acts of penance. Hy
his orders a number of lieaiis, eiiual to tlio
ntimber of |)ersoiis on lioard, were jmt into a
cap, on one of whicli was cut tlie sign of the
cross. Eacli of tlu! crew made a vow that sliould
he draw fortli the marked liean he would make
a pilgrimage! to the shrine of Santa Maria de
Gumlalupe, bearing a wax taper of five pounds'
weight. Tlie admiral was the first to put in
his hiuid, aud the lot fell upon him. From that
moment he considered himself a pilgrim, bound
to perform the vow. [The storm continued.
See No. 5864.] — Iuvino's Columhus, Book 5,
ch. 2.
ft§66. VOWS, UnJMt. Are null. [A Bedouin
woman, mounted on a dromedary, ran toward
Mahomet.] "The enemy," said she, " hav i
Mei/ed upon my flock, that I was pasturing in
the desert ; I mounted IIiIm dromedary, and made
a Vow to immolate it in ymir presence to Ood
hiiiild I Niii'c I In escaping througli llit nihtiI.
I cniiie III fiillll the vow.' " Hut," Hahl llie
proiihet, sniillng, " wmild il mil Im' ingriititiide
III llie generous animal In \\liiiiii thou owext lliy
safety '/ Thy vow Is null, because il is iinJiiMt ;
the animal which tlimi hast consecrated to me
is thine no more, it is mine ; I gave il in trust lo
thee; go lllld ciiiisiile thy family." — Lamau-
tink'm Ti iikiv, p. I'JI.
AM«r. VOYAGE, A ctlcbrated. (Irnkn. The
Argonaiits, undir the ciiiiimand of ilasun, set
snirrrom lliecnasi ul' Thes.saly. Their ex|H'diliiin
was lengthened by unfavoralile weallier, utiskil
fill seamen, and the consei|Uenl necessity of keep
ing as near as possible to the coasts. . . , The
outlines of their expedition may be very shortly
detailed. From the isle of I.eninos, where they
made som<; slay, they proceeded lo Saniollirace.
Thence sailing round the Cliersoiiesiis, they en-
tered tlu! Iltiltnitoiit ; keeping along the c<iiixl of
Asia, touched al ( 'y/icns, and spent some time on
the coast of Hilhyiiia ; thence they entered the
Thraciaii Hosiilinroiis, and proceeding onward
through the Kiixine, at length discovered Cau-
casus al Its eastern extremity. This mountjiin
was tlieir landmark, wliicli directed them to the
port of I'hasis near to Oca, then the chief city of
Colchis, which was the iillimate object of their
voyage. Following the Argonauts through this
tract of sen, and coasting il as they must have
done, it appears evident that they performed a
voyage of at least four h 'red and forty
leagues. Those; who considi it the; limes and
the circumstances in wliicl 'reeks iice'om-
plished this navigation, have not perceived the
boldnessof the enterprise. These daring ()r(;«'ks
had been but receiilly taught tin; art of sail-
ing, by the example of foreigners ; it wiw Uieir
first attempt to put it in practice. They were
utterly ignorant of navigation as a science, and
they went to ex])lore an extent of sea that was
altogether unknown to them. IjCt us do tlio.se
heroes justice, and freely acknowledge that the
voyage of the; Argonauls was a noble enU'rpri.se
for the times in which it was executed. [».<•.
1280, Usher's Chronology.] — Tvti.ku'h JIist.,
Book 1, ch. H. p. 71.
ftMOM. VOYAGE, Preparation for a. Chuirh.
[Jacipies Curlier ascended the St. Lawrence on a
voyage of discovery.] In the following spring
Ihrec! ships lay in the harbor of St. Malo, ready
for a voyage of discovery. In llio.se simple old
days no man was audacious enough to venture
out upon the broad ocean without first going to
cliuiT'h and commending his soul and his enter-
prise lo God ; and the man who, on Lis return
lionie. neglected to repair instantly to church to
offer thanks, was regarded as a graceless wretch.
This custom prevailed as late as a hundred years
ago in almost all countries, and still i)revads in
some Catholic nations. So, brave Captain Car-
tier and his companions went in .solemn proces-
sion to the Cathedral of St. Malo, where the
bishop .said mass, and gave them his parting
beneeiiction. — ("vci.opkdia ok Bioo., p. 371.
5§69. WAGES advanoad. lieignof Charles If.
In the course of a hundred and twenty years the
daily earnings of the bricklayer have risen from
WAOKS— VVAIl.
600
the
troni
half a ontwii to frxir uiid tciiiMricf, tlinim of tlio
iiiiiMtii fniiii liikll' Ik crown to llvi'itii>l lliir<'|N'ii<'i',
tlioMt of the curiMiiItT frotii Inilf ii crown to live
itnti llvcpciicc, iiiid llioHc of (lie pliinilicr from
tliri!)! hIiUIIuk^ to tlvc mid >'ix|M<iicc. It kccimm
clour, tlu'rctorc, tlmt the wuifis of lul)or, cMtl
tnittcil in money, were, in lUH.'i, not more tlian
liull of wlmt llicy now iirc ; itml tiicrc were few
iirtlclcH im|>orlaht lo tiic worl<in>(mun of wliicli
llio price WHS not, in l(IH5, more tliiin liiiif of
wititl it now in. lieer wim iinilouliteillv miicii
clii!iip<'r in tlmt une lliitn at prcHcnl— AIac.vi-
i.ay'h Knu., <Ii. ;i, p. itlHt.
AM70. WAGES, Eiorbitant. So call til.
Kny^liton, ii clironii'lerof llie lime, . . . nieiilions
iiH exorbitiint wai^'en a .sliillinx a ilay witli liis
food, lo a mower, and eigiitpeiir(> a day to a
reaper. . . . 'I'lie sldilin;,' a day was eipial lo tlf-
teen HliilliiiKs of our present money. . . . Fivo-
nence was c(piul let lialf a himliel of wlicat. —
Kniuiit'h Kno., vol. i, ill. ;J(), p. 47'^.
««ri. WAGES, Legal, li.iuu ,>f CharUa II.
Alionl till' lie^Hiinini; of Hie year 1(W."» Hit! jus-
tlccj4of VVarwIeksliire, in the exercise of a power
inlniNlcd III lliein liy an act of Kli/alietli, tl.ved,
at their qiiarler sessions, a scale of wiiK*'^ for
their (roiinty, and nolilled that every cmployiM'
who f^iive more than tlio aiitliori/.ed huiii, and
every workiiif^man wlio received iiion\ would
be liable to puniHiimenl. The wa^es of tlie com-
mon iifrriiMiltiiral li^liorer, from March to Scp-
tiMiduir, they tlxed at the precise sum inenlioncd
by [Hir William | I'etly— naniel tour shilliiinH a
wecli wltlimil food. From S. , lemlierlo March
th(! waj?es were lo lie only llirei! and sixpence
a wwk. — Macaui.av'h IOnu., cIi. IJ, [i. ;)H(J.
AMT'J. WAGES by Popularity. CharioltrrH.
[Early in the sixth centuryj K'unes were exliib-
itcd at the expense of the lepiililic, the niajfis-
trvtcfl, or the emperors ; but I he reins were
ahandoned to .servile hands ; and if Iheprottl.s of
a favorite charioteer somelimes exceciled those
of nn imIvociiIc, they must lie considered as llie
etfoctH of popuhir extravajjance and the lii>,'li
WHj^es of a disgraceful profession. — Giiuui.n'«
ItoMK, ch. 40, p. m.
ftSrsi. WAGES, Small. FiJUrntk Centimf.
The summer wages of the fnic-mason and master
carpenter, of five and one (piarter pence without
food, were reduced to fourpence in the winter.
The lower artilicers and laborers, who received
throe undone ipmrter pence in the summer with-
out meat and drink, were to serve for three-
|)ence in the winter, [a. d. 14.'JO-148.'5. Multi-
plying these amounts by fifteen — the supposed re-
lation of present to ancient money-value— we
have the amount in money of to-day.] —
Knight's Eno., vol. 2, ch. 7, p, 114.
5»r4. . Reign of Charles 11. Sir
William Petty, whose mere as-sertion carries
great weight, informs us that a laborer was by
no means in the lowest state who received for a
day's work fourpence with food, or eightpence
without food. Four shillings a week, there-
fore, were, according to Potty's calculation, fair
agricultural wages. — .MacauIvAy's Eng., ch. 8,
p. 386.
5Sr5. . Thirteenth Centun: The
domestic servants of liie [Bishop] Swintield es-
tablishments wore fed, dothed, and lodged.
Th -y received in addition liulf yearly wukix.
The contldeiiliiil iiiemlierM of (he hoiiMcliold, who
were of geiille liliiod, Willi naiiieM tieiived from
places, received ten Mlilllinni*. . . . There wer«i
two clerks, proliiilily lay, at half a crown. 'I'he
lilglu'Nt-paid servanl was .loliii ilie farrier, at half
lllese wilKes. .lolin llie curler, Itolicrl the carter,
ilarpin Ihe fiileoner, and William the iiorler
had each three and foiirpcci . Vwoii (r'vaii)
Ihe launder. Tlioniiis ihe |ialfrevman, mid Koli
eriaid llie liiiller had each liiilf a crown ; and
so had .lohii the messenger. - KNiuiir's K.no.,
vol. I, ill. ^'(1, p. ;tl)M.
5l«74i. WALKING, Benefit of. Al.rander.
This liiily { Aitiij, as a lesiiniony of Ihe deepseime
she had ol Ihe favors received frinii A ''Minder,
sent hlni every day iiieiils dressed in Ihe niiml ex-
ipiisile milliner ; delicious paslry of all sorls ;
mid llie mosi excellent cooks of every kind. Al-
exander answered the i|ueen on this oeciksion,
"that nil this train was of no service lo him,
for that h(! was posHcsMed of much heller cm ks,
whom liconidas Ids governor had given him ;
one of whom prepared him a good dinner, mul
that was, walking a greal deal in Ihe morning
very early ; and llie oilier jirejniied him an excel-
lent su|>per, and lliiil was, dining \ery modcr-
uttl;. . — Koi.i.in's lliHT., Hook 15, s^ 4.
ftWTT. WANTS, FewneM of. Ihni/eneM. Alex-
ander, altended by all his eoiirliers, made him a
visit. The |)liilo.soplier was at Hint time lying
down in the sun ; bill seeing so great a crowd of
|icopI(! advancing lovvard liim, he sat up, and
hxeil his eyes on Alexnndcr. This prince, sur-
prised to see NO famous a philosopher rediiecd to
such extreme poverty, after saliiliiig him in Ihe
kindest. manner, Msked whether he wanted miy-
tliing. Diogenes replied : " Yes, llial vou would
stand a little oul of my sunshine." 'Hiis answer
raised the conlempt and indigiiiilion of all tint
courtiers ; but the monarch, struck with the
philo.soplicr's greatness of soul ; " Were 1 not
Alexander," .says he, " I would be Diogenew." A
very profound sense lies hid in this exprcssioi:,
wliicli shows perfectly llu; bent and dis|H)silioii
of the heart of man. Alexiinilcr is sensible Hint
he is formed to jiossess nil things ; such is his
destiny, in which he makes his happinesH consist;
but then, in case he should not be able to com-
pass his ends, lu; is also sensible that to be
iiniijiy, he must ciulenvor lo bring his mind to
such a frame as to want iiolhing. In a word,
all ov nothiufi nre.sonis us with Ihe true image of
Alexander ana Diogenes. How great and power-
ful soever that jirince might think himwelf, he
could not on this occasion deny himself to lie
inferior to a man lo whom he could give, and
from whom he could take, nothing. — Koi.mn's
Hist., Book 15, t< 3.
ft87§. WAR, Ancestors' Love of. Early Hiig-
lishmen. They were at heart fighters, and their
world was a world of war. Tribe warred with
tribe, and village with village ; even within the
township iUself feuds parted household from
household, and passions of hatred and ven-
geance were handed on from father to won. Their
mood was, above all, a mood of fighting men,
venturesome, self-reliant, proud, with u dash of
hardness and cruelty in it, but ennobled by the
virtues which spring from war, by personal
courage and loyalty to plighted word, by a high
TOO
WAH.
tvml stern sense of iMiinhood and the worth of
man. A grim joy in Imnl tt<,'hling was already
ft characteristic of the race. War was the Eng-
lishman's " shiel(l-i)lay" and "sword-game;"
the gleeman's verse took fresh Are as he sang of
tile rush of the host and the crash of the shield-
line. Tlieir arms and weapons, helmet and
maiishirt, tall spear and javelin, sword and sunx,
tlie short, broad dagger that liung at each war-
rior's girdle, g'ltherecl to them much of the leg-
end, arul the art which gave color and poetry to
the lite of Englishmen. — Hist. ofEno. People,
ftS71>. WAR by Avarice. East Indian. It was
one of the charges of " high crimes and misde-
in(;anors" against Warren Hastings [Governor of
JJengal] that he entered into a private engage-
iiu'iit with the naliob of Oude, " to furnish him,
for a stipulated sum of money, to be paid to the
East India ('ompany, with a body of troops for
the declared jiurpose of thoroughly extirpating
the nation of the Rohilla.s — a nation from whom
the company had never received, or pretended to'
receive or ajipreliend, any injury whatever." —
Ksiuiit's E.\(j., vol. 7, ch. 7, p. 125.
5§80. WAB, AverBion toward. General
Grant. [Wlien he visited Germany, Bismarck
regretted the emperor's illne.ss did not permit his
maje.-ty to review his .soldiers in person.] Gen-
eral Grant accepted the crown prince's invitation
to a review for next morning, but with a smile
continued : "The truth is, I am more a farmer
than a soldier. I take little or no intercut in
military affairs ; and although I entered the army
thirty-five years ago, and have been in two
wars — in Mexico as a young lieutenant, and lat-
er — I never went into the army without regret,
and never retired without pleasure." — General
Gkant's Tk.vvels, p. 235.
5§§1. 'WAR, Beginning of. American lievo-
Intion. About midnight the [British,] under
couimand of Colonel Smith and Major Pitcairn,
set out for Concord. The people of Bo.ston,
Charlestown, and Cambridge were roused by the
ringing of bells and the firing of cannons. Two
hours before the vigilant Joseph Warren had
despatched William Dawes and Paul Uevere to
ride with all speed to Lexington and to spread
the alarm through the country. Against two
o'clock in the morning the minute-.men were
under arms, and a company of a hundred and
thirty had assembled on the common at Lexing-
ton. The patriots loaded their guns, and stood
ready ; but no enemy appeared, and it was
agreed to separate until the drum-beat should
announce the hour of danger. At live o'clock
the British van, under command of Pitcairn,
came in sight. The provincials, to the number
of seventy, rea.s.sembled ; Captain Parker was
their leader. Pitcairn rode up, and exclaimed :
"Disperse, ye villians ! Throw down your
arms, ye rebels, and disperse !" The minuie-
men stood still ; Pitcairn discharged his pistol at
them, and with a loud -.,.ice cried, " Fire !" The
first volley of the Revolution whistled through
the air, and sixteen of the patriots — nearly a
fourth of the whole number — fell dead or
wounded. The rest tired a few random shots,
and dispersed. — Ridpath'sU. S.,ch. 38, p. 297.
5SSiJ. WAR, Beneficial. To National Char-
acter. [William Pitt, in Parliament, ou contin-
uing the Seven Years' War. ] "This war, though
it has cut deep into our pecuniary means, lias
augmented our military faculties. Set that
against the debt — that spirit which has made
us what we are." [The debt had been increased
sixty millions. Knight says a compensation
for the burden of a great debt is made] w'"::i a
nation is awakened by war out of a de„Taded
condition ; when the principle of an exalted pa-
triotism and a generous loyalty takes the place
of a venal self-seeking and a misernble abnega-
tion of public dutjC— Knight's Eno.,vo1. 6,
ch. 16, p. 255.
5§83. WAR, Blessing! of. National Prog-
reK,s. For three years after the fall of Montreal
the war between France and England lingered
on the ocean. The English fleets were every-
where victorioas. On the 10th of February,
1763, a treaty of peace was made at Paris. All
the French possessions in North America cast-
ward of the Mis.si.ssippi, from its source to the
river Iberville, and thence through Lakes Maure-
pas and Pontchartrain to the Gulf of Mexico,
were surrendered to Great Britain. At the same
time Spain, with whom England had been at war,
ceded East and West Florida to the English
Crown. As reciprocal with this provision,
France was obliged to make a cession to Spain
of all that vast territory west of the Mississippi
known as the province of Louisiana. By the
swteiJing provisions of the treaty, the French
king lost his entire jwssessions in tJie new world.
Thus closed the French and Indian war, one of
the most important in t>"', histoi/ of mankind.
By this conflict it was duided that the decaying
institutions of the Middle Ages should not pre-
vail in the West, and that the i)owerful language,
laws, and liberties of the English race should
be planted forever in the vast domains of the
New World.— Ridpath'sU. S., ch. 35, p. 279.
5§§4. WAR, Brutality in. Pillage of Magde-
burg. [By the army of Wallenstein.] Here com-
menced a scene of horrors for which history has
no language, poetry no pencil. Neither innocent
childhood nor helpless old age — neither youth,
sex, rank, nor beautj^ could disarm the fury of
the conquerors. Wives were abused in the arms
of their husbands, daughters at the feet of their
parents ; and the defenceless sex exposed to the
double sacrifice of virtue and life. No situation,
however obscure or however sacred, escaped the
rapacity of the enemy. In a s'rgle church fifty-
three women were found beheaded. The Croats
amused themselves with throwing children into
the flames : Pappenheim's Walloons with stab-
bing infants at the mother's lireast. Some offi-
cers of the League, horror-struck at this dread-
ful scene, ventured to remind [General] Tilly that
he liad it in his power to stop the carnage. " Re-
turn in an hour," was his answer ; "I will see
what I can do ; the soldier must have some re-
ward for his danger and toils." ... In less
than twelve hours this .strong, populous, and
flourishing city, one of the finest in Germany,
was reduced to ashes, with the exception of two
churches and a few houses, . . the living
crawling from under the dead, children wander-
ing .about with heartrending cries, calling for
their parents, and infants still sucking the breasts
of their lifeless mothers. More than six thou-
sand bodies were thrown into the Elbe to clear
WAR.
701
the streets ; a much greater number had been
consumed by the flames. The whole number of
the slain was reckoned at nui less than thirty
thousand.— TiiiuTY Yeaks' Wau, g 282.
5!<t§5. . Indiscriminate. A dread-
ful ma.ssacre followed in the streets of Paris on
the night of the 12th of June [1418] ; the Con-
stable d'Armagnac, several prelates, and num-
bers of the nobility were cruelly murdered ; and
the mob. brccking open the prisons, butchered
indiscriminately all tliat they contained. The
cut-throat Cabochiens reappeared, and for three
days Paris was given up to atrocities too revolt-
iiig to bear recital. The ruffians cut strips of
flesh from the bleeding bodies of the Armagnacs,
in brutal derision of the scarf or band which
symbolized their party. The numbers of the
slain were estimated at near three thousand. —
Students' J?'uance, ch. 10, § 12.
5SS6. WAB, Burden of. Continuous. [A hun-
dred years after the Seven Years' War two shil-
lings a head was paid annually by (jvery one of
the twenty-five millions of the British popula-
tion] toward the perpetual burden of taxation
created by that war. [The same burden con-
tinues to this day.] — Kniout's Eno., vol. 6,
ch. 16, p. 258.
6§Sr. WAR, Small Cause of. An Ear. [In 1731
Captain Robert Jenkins testified that he was
boarded by a Spanish guarda costa not far from
Havana.] No contraband goods were found. He
was threatened with death if he did not confess
where his gold and unlawful merchandise was
hidden. The Spaniards slashed him with their
cutlasses ; they hung him up to the yartl-arm.
Before he was quite exhausted they let him down,
and again bade him confess. He spoke of his
Britannic Majesty's flag, of the high seas, in a
mild assertion of the injustice he was receiv-
ing. His ear had been half cut otT when the
ship was boarded ; and now the miscreants tore
the ear out of his head, exclaiming, " Carry
that to j'our king." The ear of Jenkins drove
England to war. — Knight's Eng., vol. 6, ch. 6,
p. »a.
5§§§. WAR, Causes of the. Eehdlion. First,
the dilferent con.struction put upon the national
constitution by the people of the North and the
South. . . . Second, the different system of labor
in the North and in the South. . . . The inven-
tion of the cotton-gin, . . . which added a thou-
sand millions of dollars to the revenue of the
South. . . . Slave labor became important and
slaves valuable. . . . The Missouri agitation,
. . . because of the proposed rejection of Mis-
souri as a slave-holding State. . . . The nulli-
fication acts of South Carolina. - . . TJhc an-
nexation of Texas, with the consequent enlarge-
ment of the domain of slavery. . . . The Kan-
sas-Nebraska bill was passed. Thereby the Mis-
souri Compromise was repealed. Third, the
want of intercourse between the people of the
North and the South. The great railroads and
thoroughfares ran east and west. . . . Fourth,
the publication of sectional books. Fifth, the
evil influence of demagogues, ... the leader-
ship of bad men. — Ridpatii's U. S., ch. 62.
5§§9. WAR, Ciyll. John Cantacuzeni. [The
Greek regent.] Near six years the flairr of dis-
cord burnt with various success and unabated
rage : the cities were distracted by the faction of
tne nobles and the plebeians — the Cantacuzeni
and Pal«!ol()gi ; and the Bulgarians, the Servians,
and the Turks were invoked on both sides as
the instruments of private and)ition and the com-
mon ruin. The rejent deplored the calamities
of which he was tl.e author and victim ; and his
own experience might dictate a just and lively
rem!>rk on the dillerent nature of foreign and
civil war. "The former," said he, " is ilie ex-
ternal warmth of summer, always tolerable, and
often beneficial ; the latter is the deadly heat of
.1 fever, which consumes withoi;* a riimedy the
vitals of the constitution." — Gihhon's Rome,
ch. 68, p. 188.
5M00. WAR, Civilization by. Britain. That
the first real civili/er of Britain was the military
arm, is evident from every incidental relation of
the Roman conquest. — Knight's Eng., vol. 1,
ch. 3, p. 30.
A§9I. WAR, Compensations of. Thirty Years'.
Fearful indeed and destructive was the first
movement in which this general political sym-
pathy announced itself ; a desolating war of
thirty years, which, from the interior of Bohemia
to the mouth of the Scheldt, and from the banks
of the Po to the coa.sts of the Baltic, ('■ "astated
whole countries, destroyed harvests, anu reduced
towns and villages to ashes ; which oi)ened a
grave for many thousand combatants, and for
half a century smothered the glimmering sparks
of civilization in Germany, and tlirew back the
improving manners of the country into their
pristine barbarity and wildness. Yet out of tliis
fearful war Europe ci'.me forth free and inde-
pendent. In it she first learned to recognize her-
self as a community of nations ; and this inter-
communion of States, which originated in the
Thirty Years' War, would alone l)e sulficient to
reconcile the philo.so])her to its horrors. All this
was effected by religion. Religion alone could
have rendered possible all that was aecomi)lished,
but it was far from being the side motive of the
war. Had not private advantages and State
interests been closely connected with it, vain and
powerless would have been the arguments of
theologians ; and the cry of the people would
never have met with princes .so willing to es-
pouse their cause, nor the new doctrines have
found such numerous, brave, and persevering
champions. — Thikty Teaks' War, § 3.
5§92. WAB, Contempt of. Jlaiif/man-in-Chitif.
[Charles Jlordaunt, Earl of Peterborough, the
successful commander of the allied expedition
against Spain, afterward looked with contempt
upon his military vocation.] lie .said : " A gen-
eral is only a hangman-in-chief." — Knight's
Eng., vol. 5, ch. 19, p. 298.
5§93. WAR, Cruelties of. Scotland. The . . .
exploits of Surrey in Scotland are thus recorded
in a letter of Wolsey : ' ' The Earl of Surrey so
devastated and destroyed all Tweedale and
March, that there is left neither house, fortress,
village, tree, cattle, corn, nor other succor for
man ; insomuch that some of the people that
fled from the same, aft(Tward returning and
finding no sustenance, were compelled to come
into England begging bread, which oftentimes
when they do eat they die incontinently for the
hunger pas.sed. And with no imprisonment,
cutting off their ears, burning them in the faces,
702
WAR.
or otherwise, eiin be kep' away." — Knioiit'h
En(»., vol. 2, ch. 18, p. 299.
dS94. WAE, Cruelty in. Turwnr the Tartar .
l^Timour did iiotj forj^et that dream of all coii-
(luerors, India. He overran it this time from the
Indus to Delhi, from the oeean to Thibet. His
army marched with a p<3ople of slaves in its train,
the prize of his first victories md who might
c'ompromi.se him in other bat s. An atrocious
•order delivered one hundred tliousand of them to
tleath in a single night. Each Tartar .soldier was
t'onstraincd to immolate his portion with his own
liand. llemorse, pity, indignation, seized the
army. The imans presaged the wrath of Heaven.
Timour responded to this revolt of conscience of
his warriorc r»idy by the conquest and massacre
of Delhi. — Lamaktink'8 Turkey, p. 315.
5895. . Antioch. Mameluke Emir
Bibars rapidly reduced the principal Latin fort-
resses, and on the 29th of May, 1268, planted
his standards on the walls of Antioch. The fall
of this capital was fatal to the Christian power ;
17,0()0 of the inhabitants were massacred, and
upward of 100,000 sold into slavery. — Studknts'
Fkance, ch. 9, § 6, p. 172.
5896. WAS, Deolaration of. Ambassador.
n'he Roman ambsissador went to Carthage.]
Their orders were simply to demand that Han-
nibal and his principal officers should be given
up for their attack upon the allies of Rome, in
breach of the treaty, and, if this were refused,
to declare war. The Carthaginians tried to dis-
cuss the previous question, whether the attack
on Saguntum was a breach of the treaty ; but to
this the Romans would not listen. At length
M. Fabius gathered up his toga, as if he were
wrapping up something in it, and holding it out
thus together, he said : " Behold, here are peace
and war ; take which j'ou choose !" The Car-
thaginian sufTete, or judge, answered: "Give
whichever thou wilt." Hereupon Fabius shook
out the- folds of his toga, saying: "Then here
we give you war ;" to which several members
of the council shouted in answer, " With all our
hearts we welcome it." Thus the Roman am-
bassador left Carthage, and returned straight to
Rome. — Arnold's Haxnibal, p. 6.
5897. WAR degraded. A Trade. In the
purer ages of the commonwealth the use of
■ arms was reserved for tho.se ranks of citizens
who had a country to love, a property to defend,
and some share in enacting those laws which it
was their interest as well as duty to maintain.
But in proportion as the public freedom was
lo.st in extent of conquest, war was gradually
improved into an art, and degraded into a trade.
— QiBi ion's Rome, ch. 1, p. 10.
5§98. WAR, Destruotive. Gmsar's. Plutarch
tells us that in the course of this extraordinary
contest, which lasted eight years, Caesar took by
force more than 800 towns, subdued 300 distinct
tribes or states, and conquered 3,000,000 of
fighting men, of whom 1,000,000 perished on
the field of battle, and another million were .sold
into slavery. — Students' France, ch. 1, g 8,
p. 10.
5899. . Of Life. [At the battle of
Chfilons, by Attila against Theodoric, the] num-
ber of the slain amounted to 162,000, or, accord-
ing to another account, 300,000 persons ; and
these incredible exaggerations suppo.se a real and
effective loss RulHcicnt to justify the historian'!
remark, that whole generations may be swept
away, by the madness of kings, in the space of
a single hour. — Giuhon's Ro.me, ch. 35, p. 446.
5900. . Bonaparte's. From Sep-
tember, 1805, to the 15th of November (1814),
the Senate had given Bonaparte authority to de-
vote to what was called the glory of France no
less a number than 2,103,000 of her sous. —
Knioht's Eno., vol. 7, ch. 31, p. 568.
5901 WAR, Emblem of. Indian. Other
chiefs followed the example of the great sachem,
and entered into friendly njlations with the
[Plymouth] colony. Nine of the leading tribes
acknowledged the .sovereignty of the English
king. One chieftain threatened hostilities, but
Staiidish's army obliged him to beg for mercy.
Canonicus, king of the Narragansetts, sent to
AVilliam Bradford, who had been chosen govern-
or after the death of Carver, a bundle of arrows
wrapped in the .skin of a rattlesnake ; but the
imdaunted governor stuffed the skin with pow-
der and balls, and sent it back to the chief, who
did not dare to accept the dangerous challenge.
The hostile emblem was borne about from tribe
to tribe, until finallv' it was returned to Plym-
outh.— Ridpatii's 0. S., ch. 13, p. 134.
5902. WAR absurdly ended. Treaty of Ghent .
There never was a more absurd treaty than that
of Ghent. Its only significance was that Great
Britain and the United States, having been at
war, agreed to be at peace. Not one of the dis-
tinctive i.ssues to decide which the war had been
undertaken was settled, or even mentioned. Of
the impressment of American seamen not a
word was said. The wrongs done to the com-
merce of the United States were not referred to.
The rights of neutral nations were left as unde-
termined as before. Of ' ' free-trade and sailors'
rights," which had been the battle-cry of the
American navy, no mention was made. The
principal articles of the compact were devoted
to the settlement of unimportant boundaries and
the possession of some petty islands in the Bay
of Passamaquoddy. There is little doubt, how-
ever, that at the time of the treaty Great Britain
gave the United States a private assurance that
impressment and the other wrongs complained
of by the Americans should be practised no
more. For the space of .sixty years vessels bear-
ing the fiag of tlie United States have been se-
cure from such insults as caused the war of 1812.
Another advantage gained by America was the
recognition of her naval power. It was no
longer doubtful that American sailore were the
peers in valor and patriotism of any seamen in
the world. — Ridpatii's U. S., ch. 51, p. 415.
5903. WAR, Enemies in. Hunger. Barba-
rossa's army of Crusaders did not come home
again, any more than Barbarossa. They were
stronger than Turk and Saracen, but not than
hunger and disease. Leaders did not know
then, as our little friend at Berlin came to know,
that " an army, like a serpent, goes upon its
belli/." After fine fighting and considerable vic-
tories, the end of this Crusade was, it took to
"besieging Acre," and, in reality, lay perishing,
as of murrain, on the beach at Acre, without
shelter, without medicine, without food. Not
even Richard Cceur de Lion and his best prow-
WAR.
703
Other
sachem,
witli the
up tribes
English
ities, but
mercy.
sent to
€ss ivnd help could avert such issue from it. —
L'Aui.yiiE'H FuKUEiucK TiiK OiucAT, Hook 2,
ch. 0, p. m.
A904. WAB, Famine by. T/ie Innocent. |In
1418, duriiii; the siege of Uouon, the population
wen; shut up for twenty weeks. Famine came.
An English chronicler writes ;] And ever thcv
of the town hoped to have been rescued, but it
would not 1)0 ; and many hundreds died for hun-
ger, for they had eaten all the caVs, horses, hounds,
rats, micro, and all that might be eaten ; and oft-
times the men-at-arms driving out the jioor peo-
ple at the gates of the city, for spcrndiiig of vic-
tual, anon our men drove them in again ; and
young children lay dead in the streets, hanging
on the dead mothers' paps, that pity was to see.
— Knioiit's En(i., vol. 2, ch. 5, p. 70.
5905. WAB, Famona in. WilUam ofNormarul}/.
" No knight under heaven," liis enemies owned,
" was William'.s poor." Hoy as ho was at Val-es-
<lunes, horse and man went down before his
lance. All the tierce gayety of his nature broke
out in the warfare of his youth, in his rout of
tifteen Angevins with but five men at his back, in
his defiant ride over the ground which Geofifry
Martel claimed from him — a ride with hawk on
fist, as if war and the chase were one. No man
<ovdd bend William's bow. His mace crashed
its way through a ring of linglish warriors to the
foot of the standard. lie rose to his greatest
height at moments when other men despaired.
His voice rang out as a trumpet when his soldiers
fled before the English charge at Senlac, and his
rally turned the flight into a means of victory. —
Hist, of Eng. People, ^ 107.
50O6. WAB futile. England and Spain. The
bolls were ringing in October, 1739, upon the dec-
laration of hostilities against Spain. They wore
ringing in April, 1748, up^n the conclusion of
the treaty of Ai.x la Chapelle, by which not a sin-
gle point was gained for which England had boon
fighting with Spain and France for eight years.
[England declared the war.] — Knioiit'8 Eng.,
vol. 6, ch. 13, p. 181.
5907. . "Seven ].ars'." [On the
15th of February, 1763, peace was concluded be-
tween the Empress Maria Theresa, the Elector of
Saxony, and the King of Prussia. The Seven
Years' War ended by replacing the i)arties to
this great quarrel in the exact position in regard
to territory in which they stood before its com-
mencement. — Knight's Eng., vol. 6, ch. 16,
p. 257.
5908. WAB, Glory in. American Indians.
War alone was the avenue to glory. All other em-
ployment seemed unworthy of human dignity ;
in warfare against the brute creation, but still
more agJiinst man, they sought liberty, happiness,
and renown ; thus was gained an honorable ap-
pellation, while the mean and obscure among
them had not even a name. — Banckoft's U. S.,
vol. 3, ch. 22.
5909. WAB T8. Oospel. Massachusetts. [In
the summer of 1622 a company of immigrants
began a new settlement called Weymouth.] In-
stead of working with their might to provide
against starvation, they wasted the fall in idle-
ness, and attempted to keep up their stock of
provisions by defrauding the Indians. Thus pro-
voked to hostility, the natives formed u plan to
destroy the colony ; but Massasoit, faithful to
his pledges, went to Plymouth and revealed the
plot. Standish marched to Weymouth at the
head of his regiment, now increased to eight
men, attacked the hostile tribe, killed several war-
riors, and carried home the chief's head on a pole.
The tender-hearted John. Robinson wrote from
liOyden : " I would that you had converted some
of llicm before you killed any." — UiurATii's
U. S., ch. 13, p. 125.
5910. WAB for Honor. Tr(>janWar. The im-
mediate cause of the war is gijiierally allowed to
have been the rape of Helen, i\\v wife of Mene-
lii'.:.-., by Paris, the son of Priam, King of Troy ;
although prior to that motive an animosity had
subsisted between the Greeks and Trojans for
many generations. It is not otherwise probable
that a quarrel which interested only Menelaus
and his brother Agamenmon shouhf have been
readily espou.sed by all the princes of Greece.
The preparations for this war arc .said to have
occupied no less than ten years, a length of time
which ought not to surprise us, when we con-
sider that this was the flrst war in which the
whole nation had engaged. — Tytlku'h Hist.,
Book 1, ch. 8, p. 76.
5911. WAB, Incapacity for. I^rd Loudoun.
Ever since the treaty of Utrecht the French had
retained Cape Breton ; and the fortress at Louis-
burg had been made one of the strongest on the
continent. On the 20th of June Lord Loudoun
sailed from New York, with an army of 6000
regulars. By the l.st of July lie was at Halifax,
where he was joined by Admiral Holburn. with
a powerful fleet of sixteen men-of-war. There
were on board 5000 additional troops fresh from
the armies of England. Never was such a use
made of a splendid armament. Loudoun landed
before Halifax, cleared off a mustering plain,
and sot his otllccrs to drilling regiments aire, dy
skilled in every manoeuvre of war. To heighten
the absurdity, the fields about the city were plant-
ed with onions, for it was said that the men might
take a scurvy. By and by the news came that
the French vessels in the harbor of Louisburg
outnumbered by one the ships of the English
.scpiadron. To attack a force that seemed supe-
rior to his own was not a part of Loudoun's
tactics. Ordering the fleet to go cruising around
Cape Breton, he immediately embarked with his
army, and sailed for New York. Arriving at this
place, he proposed to his offlcors to fortify Long
Island, in order to defend the continent against
an enemy whom he outnumbered four to one. —
RiDP.VTii's U. S., ch. 34, p. 269.
5912. WAB, Inhumanity in. 'Romans. [The
Goths had been driven by the Romans to the de-
fences of Ravenna.] Those fortifications were,
indeed, impregnable to the assault of art or vio-
lence ; and when Belisarius invested the capital
he was soon convinced that famine only could
tame the stubborn spirit of the Barbarians. The
sea, the land, and the channels of the Po were
guarded by the vigilance of the Roman general ;
and his morality extended the rights of war to
the practice of poisoning the waters and secret-
ly firing the granaries of a besieged city. — Gib-
lioN's Rome, ch. 63, p. 179.
5913. WAB, Injury by. Civil. The eflfcct of
the constant progress of wealth has been to make
insurrection far more terrible to thinking men
7U-4
WAK.
than maladministration : . . wealth would be ex-
posed to imminent risk of spoliation and destruc-
tion. Still greater would l)e the risk to public
credit, on which thousands of families directly
depend for subsistence, and with which the crea-
it of the whole commercial world is insepara-
bly connected. It is no exaggeration to say tliat
a civil war of a week on English ground would
now produce disasters which wovild be felt from
the IIoang-Ho to the Missouri, and of which the
traces would be discernible at the distance of a
century. — Macaulay's Hist., ch. 1, p. 33.
5014. WAE, iMtinot for. Napoleon I. There
is still preserved upon the island of Corsica, as
an interesting relic, a small brass cannon, weigh-
ing about thirty pounds, which was the early
and favorite plaything of Napoleon. Its loud
report was music to his childish ears. In imag-
inary battle he saw whole squadrons mowed
down by the discharges of his formidable piece
of artillery. — Abbott's Napoleon B., vol. 1,
ch. 1.
5915 WAR, love of. T^rd Nelson. [During
the battleof Copenliagan, Nelson's most terrible
conflict, he] was walking the quarter-deck, which
was slippery with blood and covered with the
dead, who could not be removed as fast as they
fell.. . . He looked upon the devastation around
him, and sternly smiling, said, " This is warm
work, and this day may be the last to any of us
in a moment. But mark me, I would not be
elsewhere for thousands." This was heroic, but
it was not noble. — Abbott's Napoleon B.,
vol. 1, ch. 22.
5916.
Franks. Although they
were strongly actuated by the allurements of ra-
pine, they j)rofessed a disinterested love of war,
which they con.sidered as the supreme honor and
felicity of human nature ; and their minds and
bodies were so completely hardened by perpet-
ual action, that, according to the lively expres-
sion of an orator, the snows of winter were as
pleasant to them as the flowers of spring. — Gib-
bon's II0.ME, ch. 20, p. 239.
5917.
The Alani. [A people who
inhabited the deserts of Scythia.] The mixture
of Samatic and German blood had contributed
to improve the features of the Alani. . . . They
considered war and rapine fis the pleasure and
the glory of mankind. A naked cimeter fixed
in the ground was the only object of their re-
ligious worship ; the scalps of their enemies
formed the costly trappings of their horses ;
and they viewed with pity and contempt the
pusillanimous warriors who patiently expected
the infirmities of age. — Gibbon's Ro.me, ch. 26,
p. 25.
59l§. WAE, Miseries of. Battle of Freder-
icksburg. Little children with blue feet trod
painfully over the frozen ground, and those
whom they followed knew as little as themselves
where to seek food and shelter. Hundreds of
ladies wandered homeless over the frozen high-
way with bare feet and thin clothing, knowing
not where to find a place of refuge. Delicately
nurtured girls, with slender forms, upon which
no rain had beat, which no wind had ever visit-
ed too roughly, walked hurriedly, with unsteady
feet, upon the road, seeking only some place
where they could shelter themselves. Whole
families sought sheds by the wayside, or made
roofs of fence-rails and straw, not knowing
whither to fly. — Pollaud's Second Year of
THE Wak, ch. 6, p. 190.
5919. . Desolation. There is a
letter . . . dated from Bologna, December 12,
1530, which presents as striking a picture as
was ever drawn of the widespread misery pro-
duced by the contests of ambition. In trav-
elling fifty miles they saw no creature stirring
in rural industry, except three women gathering
grapes rotting upon the vines. In Pavia the
children were crying about the streets for bread.
There was neither horse meat nor man's meat to
be found. " There is no hope [for] many years
that Italia shall be restored, for want of people."
— Knioiit'h Eng., vol. 2, ch. 20, p. 330.
5920. WAR, Monument of. "Heads." Ti-
mour the Tartar erected on the ruins of Bagdad
a pyramid of ninety thousand heads ; again
visited Georgia, and encamped on the banks of
the Araxes. — Gibbon's Ko.me, ch. 65, p. 263.
59*1. WAR, Murderous. Battle of Tmrton.
[In 1461,] on the eve of Palm Sunday, began
the cruel battle of Towton, at four o'clock, when
the arn'ies [of the Yorkists and Lancastrians]
joined. Through all the night, amid a fall of
snow, these fierce men madly fouglit till the af-
ternoon of the next day. Then 33,000 men lay
dead on the field of battle. ... It is affirmed
that there was no quarter given in the battle.
. . . The triumiih of the Yorkists was com-
plete. — Knight's Eno., vol. 2, ch. 9, p. 148.
5922> WAR, Partisan. Caesar and Pompey.
[See No. 4230.] They were now declared ene-
mies, and each prepared to assert, by arms, his
title to an unrestrained dominion over his coun-
try. It is not a little surprising that the citi-
zens of Rome should deliberately prepare to
sacrifice their lives and fortunes in the decision
of such a contest, with all the zeal of men who
fight for their most valuable rights and posses-
sions. — Tvtlek's Hist., Book 4, ch. 2, j). 406.
5933. WAR, Patriotism in. Defensive. [The
threatened invasion of England by the Spanish
Armada, and the conflicts which followed the
dispersion of that immense and powerful fleet,
proved to be beneficial to the nation.] There
was a higher result of such a warfare than the
taking of ships and the l)urning of towns. A
grand spirit of devotion to their country was
engendered in the people. The energies called
forth in that .stirring time produced a corre-
sponding elevation of the national character. —
Knight's Eng., vol. 3, ch. 15, p. 239.
5924. . American lierolvtion.
Where eminent statesmen hesitated, the in-
stinctive action of the multitude revealed the
counsels of magnanimity. ... A nation without
union, without magazines and arsenals, without
a treasury, without credit, without government,
fought successfully against the whole strenglli
and wealth of Great Britain. An army of veter-
an soldiers capitulated to insurgent husband-
men. — Bancroft's U. S., vol. 4, ch. 1.
5925. WAR, Piety In. Joan of Arc. At the
sight of the Holy Maid and her banner they ral-
lied and renewed the assault. Joan rode for-
ward at their head, waving her banner and
cheering them on. The English quailed at
WAR.
T05
•what they believed to be the rhnrKC of he!l ;
Saint Loup was stormed, uiid its defenders put to
the sword, except some few whom Joan suc-
ceeded in saving. All her woman's gentleness
returned when the combat was over. It was
the first time that .she had ever seen a battle-llcild.
She wept at the sight of so many bleeding
corpses ; and her tears tlowed doubly when she
retlected that they were the bodies of Christian
men who had died without confession. — Dkci-
8IVE Battlks, $; 38U.
5926. WAB, Folitioiani in. Romnm. To
draw him into more open ground, Ciesar had
shifted his camp continually. Poinpey had
followed cautiously, .still remaining on his
guard. His political advisers were impatient
of these dilatory movements. Tliev taunted
him witli cowardice. Tliey insisted that lie
should set his foot on this insignificant adver-
sary promptly and at once ; and Pompey, gath-
ering courage from their confidence, and trust-
ing to his splendid cavalry, agreed at last to use
the first occasion that presented itself. . . .
tPompey's] beaten army, which a few hours
lefore were sharing in imagination the lands
and offices of their conquerors, fled out through
the opposite gales, throwing away their arms,
flinging down their standards, and racing,
officers and men, for the rocky hills which
at a mile's distance promised them shelter. —
Fuoude's C/Ksah, ch. 23.
5927. WAB prayed for. Its Miseries. In
l.'>14 Lord Dacre, describing the " robbing,
spoiling, and vengeance in ycotland," [adds,]
" which I pray our Lord God to continue."
[Thus men appealed to the Author of all good
in support of their perpetration of all evil.] —
Knioiit'sEno., *'o1. 2, ch. 17, p. 274.
592§. WAB, Propensity for. American Ind-
ians. Next among the propensities of the red
men was the passion for war. Tlieir wars, how-
ever, were always undertaken for the redress of
grievances, real and imaginaiy, and not for con-
quest. But with the Indian a redress of griev-
ances meant a personal, vindictive, and bloody
vengeance on the defender. The Indian's prin-
ciples of war were easily understood, but irre-
concilable with justice and humanity. The for-
giveness of an injury was reckoned a weakness
and a sliame. Revenge was considered among
the nobler virtues. The open honorable battle
of the field was an event unknown in Indian
warfare. Fighting was limited to the surpri.se,
the ambuscade, the mas,sacre ; and military
strategy consisted of cunning and treacherv.
Quarter was rarely asked and never granted ;
those who were spared from the fight were only
reserved for a barbarous captivity, ransom or
the stake. In the torture of his victims all the
diabolical ferocitj' of the savage warrior's nature
burst forth without restraint.— Ridpath's U. S.,
ch. 1, p. 44.
5929. WAB, Bomance in. Tfiirii/ Tears'
War. Duke Christian, passionately enamored of
the Electress Palatine, with whom he had be-
come acquainted in Holland, and more dispo.sed
for war than ever, led back his army into Lower
Saxony, bearing that princess' glove in his hat,
and on his standards the motto, " All for God
and Her."— Thirty Years' War, § 174.
5930. WAB of the Boiei. Enr/land. [The
Duke of York claimed tlut succession to the
English throne, which the House of Lords prom-
ised at the deatii of King Henry.] But the open
display of York's i)retensions at once united the
jjartisans of the royal house in a vigorous re-
sistance ; and the deadly struggle which received
the name of the Wars of tlu; Roses from the
wliite rose which formed the badge of the house
of York, and the red rose which was tlu^ cogni-
zance of the house of Lancastei, began i.i a
gathering of the north round Lord Clilford anil
of the west round Henry, Duke of Somerset. —
IIiHT. okEno. Pk<)I'i,k, 5544!).
5931. WAB for Spoils. Athenians. One
day Agesilaus ordered his commissaries to sell
the prisoners, but to striji them first. Their
clothes found many j)urchascrs ; but as to the
prisoners themselvis, their skins being .soft and
white by reason of tlieir having livecl .so much
within doors, the spcu-tators only laughed at
them, thinking they would be of no .service; as
slaves. Whereupon Agesilaus, who stood by at
the auction, .said to his troops ; "These are the
persons whom you fight witli ;" and then point-
ing to the rich spoils, " Tlio.se are tl;e things ye
fight for." — PixTAncn'H Aoksilaijs.
5932. WAB, Study of. llonorahle. Antigo-
nus being asked who was the greatest gen-
eral, answered, " Pyrrlius would be, if he lived
to be old." Antigonus, indeed, spoke only of the
generals of his time ; but Hannibal said that, of
all the world had ever belield, the first in j.('nius
and skill was Pyrrhu."., Scipio the secoiiii, and
him.self the third. . . . This was the only science
he applied himself to ; this was the subject of
his thoughts and conversation ; for he considered
it as a royal study, and looked upon other arts as
mere trifling amusenients. And it is rei)orted
that when he was asked whether he thought
Python or Ca'pliisias the best musician, " Poly-
sperchon," said he, " is the general ; " intimating
that this was the only point which it became a
king to inquire into or know. — Plutarch's Pvu-
RHUS.
5933. WAB, Sufferers by. The Innocent. [In
1070 William the Conqueror destroyed the coun-
try for a hundred miles about York.] Malmes-
bury, writing half a century afterward, .says:
" Thus the resources of a province, once flour-
ishing, were cut oil, by fin^ .slaughter, and de-
vastation. The ground for more than sixty
miles, totally uncultivated and uni)rodu(tive, re-
mains bare to thejiresent day." Ordericus winds
up the lamentable story with these words :
' ' There followed consequently .so great a scarcity
in England in the ensuing years, that severe
famine involved the innocent and unarmed popu
lation in so much misery, that . . . more than
a hundred thousand .souls of both sexes perished
of want."— Knioht'sEng., vol. 1, ch. 14, p. 193.
5934. WAB, Supplies in. Second Crusade.
The army was reviewed near to Nicaja, where it
was found to consist of 000,000 foot, including
women, and 100,000 hor.se. We have no accounts
transmitted to us how such multitudes procure
subsistence when once thcj' had come into a bos-
tile country. It is difficult to conceive that they
could have procured it by plunder without such a
total dispersion as must have rendered all their
enterprises ineffectual against such a formidable
700
II 5,
WAR.
enemy iw the Molmrar. .ediiiiH. ... It is highly
probiibic thiit the greatest part of the ailiiiiiitie.s
tind mlHfortunes which the ("rtiHiiders underwent
must have arisen from a Heur(!ily of provisions.
— Tyti.kii'8 Hist., Book «, eh. 9, p. 176.
5935. WAR, Solitary Survivor of, Aftjhan. [In
1841 a British army was sent into Afgiuln, wliere,
after a complete success, it was placed in great
peril by the treachery of the natives. A retreat
was finally begun, and of 4rtOO soldiers only one
was brought in to Jelalabad, and he wouncled
and exhausted. It was Dr. Brydon.]— Knight's
Eno., vol. 8, eh. 25, p. 458.
5930. WAE, Terrors of Civil. To WdUnfiiou.
[The Duke of Wellington said in Parliament on
the 4th of April, 1821) :) Jly Lords, I am one of
tho.se who have passed a longer period of my
life engaged in war than most men, and princi-
pally, I may say, in civil war ; and I must .say
this, that if I could avoid bv any sacrifice what-
ever even one month of civd war in the country
to which I am attached, I would .sacrifice my
life in order to do it. I say that there is nothing
that destroys property and prosperity and de-
moralizes character ♦<> the degree that civil war
does ; by it the hand of man is raised against his
neighbor, against his brother, and against his
father; the servant betrays his master, and the
whole .scene ends in confusion and devastation.
—Knight's Eng., vol. 8, ch. IJl, p. 239.
5937. WAR, Toleration in. Mahometan.
[When Al)')U-Bekr, the sncces.sor of Alahomet,
Wiis about o march his .Vrabian warriors into
Syria, he gathered them round him in a circle.]
"Warriors of Islam," .said he, "attend a mo-
ment, and listen well to the precepts which lam
about to proinulge to you for observation in
times of war. Fight with bravery and loyalty.
Never u.se artitice or perfidy toward your en-
emies ; do not nuitilate the fallen ; do not slay
the aged, nor the children, nor the women ; do
not destroy the palm trees ; do not burn the
crops ; do not cut the fruit trees ; do not slaugh-
ter the animals, except what will l)e neces.sary f or
your nourishment. You will find upon your
route men living in solitude, in meditation, in
the adoration of God ; do them no injury, give
them no offence." — La.martine's Tikkky,
p. 158.
5938. WAE, Trained for. Frankn. The lofty
.stature of the Franks, and their blue eyes, de-
noted a Germanic origin ; their clo.se apparel ac-
curately expressed the figure of their limbs ; a
weighty sword was suspended from a broad
belt ; their todies were protected by a l';rge
shield ; and these warlike Barbarians were
trained, from their earliest youth, to run, to leap,
to swim ; to dart the javelin, or battle-iixe, with
unerring aim ; to advance, without hesitation,
against a superior enemy ; and to maintain,
either in life or death, the invincible reputation
of their ancestors. — Gibbon's Bome, ch. 35,
p. 429.
5939. WAE, Trophies of. GhaMy. From the
jiermanent conquest of Kussia the Tartars made a
deadly though transient inroad into the heart of
Poland, and as far as the borders of Germany.
The cities of Lublin and Cracow were obliter-
ated ; they approached the .shores of the Baltic ;
and in the battle of Lignitz they defeated the
dukes of Silesia, the Polish palatines, and the
great master of the Teutonic order, and filled
inne sacks with the right ears of the slain. —
Gibbon's B().mk, ch. ((4, p. 218.
5940. WAE, Uncertainties of. Itt-bellion. .lef-
ferson Davis had himself declared, . . . when-
ever the war should oixii, the North and not the
South should be the field of battle. . . . L. P.
Walker, the rebel .secretary of war, had said . . .
he W(/uld prophesy that the fiag which now
Haunts the bre(!ze here would float over the
dome of the old Capitol at Washington before
the first of May, and that it might fioat event-
ually over Faneuil Hall it.self. — 1{aymon»'»
Lincoln, ch. (>, p. 178.
5941. . Anienean Itemliition. Three
days after his victory [at Trenton] Washington
again cro.s.sed the Delaware, and took post at
"^rrenton. . . . The British fell back from their
outposts on the Delaware, and concentrated in
great forc(! at Princeton. C^ornwallis took com-
mand in person, and resolved to attack and over-
whelm Washington at Trenton. So closed the
year. Ten days previously Howe only waiteci
for the freezing up of the Delaware before taking
up his quarters in Phila(leli)hia. Now it was a
question whether he would be able to hold a
single town in New Jersey. — RiorATH's U. S.,
ch. 39, p. 316.
5942. WAE unhindered. Kinn Philip's War.
The Indians were not idle. " We will fight,"
said they, "the.se twenty years; you have
houses, barns, and corn ; we have now nothing
to lose." — Bancuokt's U. S., vol. 2, ch. 12.
5943. WAE, Waste of. Devastation. The
Emperor Charles [V.], whose recent triumphs
had inspin.'d him with unbounded self-confi-
dence, expressed the utmo.st disdain for the mili-
tary resources and tactics of his adversary, and,
vowing that he would bring the [Francis I.]
King of France as low as the jmorest gentleman
in his dominions, he crossed the Var and invaded
Provence, at the head of 50,000 men, on the
25tli of July. The French army, led by the
Constable Slontmorency, took ])()st at Avig-
non, wliic!; conunands both the Khone and the
Durance. The i)oi)ulation was ordered to retire
into the fortified towns ; properly and provi-
sions of all kinds were hastily withdrawn, and
the entire district in the route of the advancing
enemy was then mercilessly laid wast<; by the
French them.selves, .so that Provence presented
in the course of a few days the most deplorable
s])ectacle of desolation. Flourishing town.s —
Grasse, Digne, Draguignan, Antibes, Toulon —
were set on fire and reduced to ashes ; the in-
habitants fled to the mountains, where thousands
perished from exposure, privation, and hunger.
The march of the invnders was unoppo.sed ; but
it becanu' every day more and more difficult to
•subsist the troops, and on reaching Aix, the cap-
ital, where he had intended to take triumphant
possession of the kingdom of Provence, Charles
found it, to his great dismay, totally depopulated
and abandoned ; everything had been removed
or destroyed that could be of the slightest use or
value to a conqueror. Famine, and its never-
failing con.sequence, contagious disease, soon
made JFearful havoc in the imperial ranks. It
was attempted to besiege Aries and Marseilles ;
but in each case the assailants were beaten off
WAIl— WATCHMEN.
707
with severe loss ; mid the emperor, heiirinj^ at
this moment of tlr? iirriviil of Friiiicis on his in-
trenched ciiinp before Avignon, and iipprchend-
ing un iitUiek with uverwlielming numbers, re-
hi(!tiintly gave orders to commence a retreat. —
SriJDKNTH FUANCK.
«9'I4. WAE, Wealth by. Peter Cmiier. Tlie
war, however, was the lieginniiij.? of his fortune.
The supply of foreign mercluuidise being cut olf,
ft great impulse was given to manufactures.
Cloth, for example, rose to .such an extravagant
price that cloth factories sprang up everywhere!,
and there was a sudden demand for every de-
scription of cloth-making machinerj'. Peter
Cooper, who p()sses.sed a line genius for inven-
tion, inv nt(!d a machine for shearing the nap
from the surfatre of doth. It answerecl its pur-
pone well, and he sold it without delay to good
advantage. Then he nuide another ; and as
often aa lie had oni; done, he would go to some
cloth mill, explain its merits, and .sell it. lie
soon had a thriving shoj), where hcs employed
several men, and he sold his machines faster
than he could nuike them. — Cyci.oi'KDia ok
Bioo., p. 572.
5015. WAE, Wounda in. Philii) of Macedou.
No warrior was ever bolder or more intrepid in
tight. Demosthenes, who cannot be suspected
of flattering him, gives a glorious testimony of
him on this head ; for which reason I will cite
his own words. " I saw," says this orator,
" this very Philip, with whom we disputed for
sovereignty and empire — I saw him, though cov-
ered with wounds, his eyes struck out, his collar-
bone broken, maimed both in his hands and feet,
.still resolutely rush into the midst of dangers, and
ready to deliver up to fortune any otiier part of
his body she might desire, provided he might
live honorably and gloriously with the rest of it. "
— Rollin's Hist., Book 14, § B.
5946. WARFARE, Unequal. American Rev-
olution. During the summer [1776] Washing-
ton's forces were augmented to about 27,000
men ; but the terms of enlistment were constant-
ly expiring; sickness prevailed in the camp ; and
the effective force was but little more than half
as great as the aggregate. On the other hand,
Great Britain was making the va.stest prepara-
tions. By a treaty with some of the petty Ger-
man States, 17,000 Hessian nu^rcenaries were
hired to tight against America. George III. was
going to quell his revolted provinces by turning
loose upon them a brutal foreign soldiery ; 25,000
additional P]nglish troops were levied ; an im-
mense squadron was fitted out to aid in the re-
duction of the colonies, and f 1,000, 000 were
voted for the extraordinary expenses of the war
department. By these measiu'cs the Americans
were greatlv exasperated. — RroPATii's U. S.,
ch. 39, p. 308.
5947. WARNING of Danger. liiclmrd I.
[Richard the Lion.] The firmness of Hubert
Walter had secured order in England, but over
sea Richard foiuid hini.self face to face with
dangers which he wits too clear-sighted to un-
dervalue. Destitute of his father's administra-
tive genius, less ingenious in his political con-
ceptions than John, Richard was far from being
a mere soldier. A love of adventure, a pride in
sheer physical strength, here and there a roman-
tic generosity jostled roughly with tho craft, the
unscrupiilousness, the violence of Ms race ; but
he was at heart a statesman, cool and patient in
the execution of his plans as he was bold in their
conception. "The devil is loose ; take care of
yourself," Philip had written to John at the news
of Richard's release. — Hist, ofc' Eno. Pkoim^;,
S 151.
594M. WARNINGS, Effective. CmnrH. It was
now eleven in the forenoon, ("a'sar shook olT
his uneasiness, and rose to go. As he cro.ssed the
hall, his statue fell, and shivered on the stones.
Some .servants, perhaps, had heard whis|X'rs,
and wished to warn him. As he still passed on,
a strangcT thrust a scroll into his hand, and
begged liim to read it on tiie spot. It contained
a list of the conspirators, with aclearaccoiuitof
the plot. He supposed it to be a petition, and
placed it carelessly among his other paju-rs. The
fate of the empire hung u[)on a thread, liut the
thread was not broken. As Cuj.sar had lived to
reconstruct the Ronnm world, so his death was
necessary to finish the work. [He was assassi-
nated.] — Fu()i:de'h C.*:sau, ch. 27.
5949. WARS, Occasion of. IMitjion and Com-
merce. A.D. 1713. Tiie treaty of jK'ace at Utrecht
scattered the seeds of war broadcast throughout
the globe. . .. Instead of establishing cijual jus-
tice, England .sought conunercial advaiil;.ges ;
. . . for about two centuries the wars of religion
had prevailed. The wars for conunercial advan-
tages were now i)rei)arcd. The interests of com-
merce, under the narrow point of view of i)rivi-
lege and of profit, regulated diplomacy, swayed
legislation, and mar.shalled revolutions. [See
No. 4097.]— Bancuokt's U. S., vol. 3, eh. 21.
5950. WATCHFULNESS, Safety by. Tennessee
Wilderness. Never has a settlement l)een so in-
fested with hostile Indiatis as this. When Ra-
chel Donelson [afterward the beloved wife of
General Jack.son], with her sisters and young
friends, went blackberrying, a guard of young
men, with their rillcs loaded and cocked, stood
guard over the .surrounding thickets while the
girls picked the fruit. It was not safe for a man
to stoop over a spring to drink unless some one
else was on the watcli with his rifie in his arms ;
and when half a dozen men stood together, in
conversation, they turned their backs to each
other, all facing different ways, to watch for a
lurking savage. So the Do'nelsons lived for
eight years, and gathered about them more ne-
groes, more cattle, and more horses than any
other household in the settlement.— Cyclopedia
OF Bigg., p. 534.
505 1 . WATCHMEN, Mistaken. American Rev-
olution. Marching by way of Charle.stowu Neck,
the provincials came, about eleven o'clock, to the
eminence which they were instructed to fortify.
Prescott and his engineer, Gridley, not Ukiiig the
position of Bunker Hill, proceeded down the
peninsular seven hundred yards toanother height,
afterward called Breed's Hill. The latter was
within easy cannon range of Boston. On this
summit a redoubt eight rods square was planned
by the engineer, and there, from midnight to
day-dawn, the men worked in silence. The Brit-
ish ships in the harbor were so near that the
Americans could hear the sentinels on deck re-
peating the night call, " All is well." The works
were not yet completed when morning revealed
708
WATEU-WEAKNEHS.
tin; iicw-iimdc redoubt Id (Ik- ustoiiislicd liriiiHli
of HoHtoii.— KiDPATiiH u. s., v\\. ;»M, p. aoo.
MM. WATER. Need of. Kiiujdotn. 'V\\v
iiioHt diHtiri>;uiHlK'd of Ids I Ijyciirgus'| anccHlors
WHS Sons, under wlioin tlieLiicedieiuoidans umde
the Jlti'iliK (heir slivves, mid i^iiiiied an extensive
tract of latid from the Arcadians. Of this Sous
it is lelaled Ihat. biiing bcsicj^ed l)y th(! Olito-
riaiis in a dillicult ])<)st wiiere there was no water,
lie aj^reed to ;;ive up all his con(juests. provided
that Iduiself and all Ills army sliouid drink of
the nei)rld)orinj^ siirin^. When these (conditions
were sworn to, lie assembled his forces, and of-
fered his kinifdoin to the man that would for-
bear drinking ; not one of them, however, would
deny himself. — Plutakch's Lyourous.
59S3. WATER, Overflow of. Alban Lake. Of
the many springs, brooks, and lakes which Italy
abounds with, some were dried up, and others
but feebly resisted the drought ; the rivers always
low in the summer, then ran with a very slender
stream. Mut the Alban Lake, which has itssoin-ce
within itself, and discharges no part of its water,
lK'ing<iuite surrounded with mountains, without
any cause, unless it was a supernatural one, be-
gan to rise and swell in a most remarkable mari-
ne r, increasing until it reached the sides, and at
last the very tops of the hills, all which haj)-
|)ened without any agitation of its waters. For
a while it was the wonder of the shepherds and
herdsmen ; but wluni the earth, which, like a
mole, kei)t it from overllowing the country he-
low, was broken down with the (piantity and
weight of water then descending like a torrent
through the ]>loughed fields and other cultivated
grounds to the .sea. it not only astonished the
Komans, but was thought by all Italy to portend
some extraordinary event. [The oracles declar-
ed] that the city coidd never be taken until
the wjiters of the Alban Lake, which had now
forsaken their bed, and found new pas.sages,
were turned back, or .so diverted as to prevent
their mixing with the sea. — Pi.UTAitcii's Ca-
Mii.i.rs.
505J. WATERING-PLACES, Rustic. Ru'f/n
of C/iiirli's II. When the court, soon after tlie
Restoration, visited Tunbridge Wells, there was
no town there ; but within a mile of the .spring
rustic cottages, somewhat cUcaner and neater
than the ordinary cottages of that time, were
.scattered over the heath. Some of these cabins
were movable, and were carried on sledges from
one part of the common to another. To these
huts men of fashion, wearied with the din and
smoke of London, sometimes came in the sum-
mer to breathe fresh air, and to catch a glimpse
of rural life. During the .season a kind of fair
was daily held near the fountain. The wives
and daughters of the Kentish farmers came from
the neighboring villages with cream, cherries,
wheat ears, and q\iails. To chaffer with them,
to flirt with them, to praise their .straw hats and
tight heels, was a refreshing i)astime to volup-
tuaries sick of the airs of actres.se8 and maids of
honor. Milliners, toymen, nd jewellers came
down from London, and opened a bazaar under
the trees. In one booth the politician might find
his cofTee and the London Gazette ; in another
Avere gamblers playing deep at ba8.sct ; and on
fine evenings tlie fiddlers were in attendance,
and there were morris-dances on the elastic turf
of tin' bowling green. — Macaii.ay'h Eno., ch »,
p. aaa.
51»«'ia. WATERING PLACES, UnlnTiUng. Iteign
of U/iiirliii 11. [At Hath Springs l\w rooms were
small and] were uncarixMed, and were color(!d
brown with a wash made of soot and sinidl beer,
in order to hide the dirt. Not a wainsc'ot waH
painted. Not a hearth or chimney-pi(!ci> was of
nnirble. A slab of con\mon freestone, and tire-
irons whi(ch had cost from three to four shillings,
\\ ere thought sulllcient for any fireplace. The
best ai)artments were hung with coarse woollen
stuiT, and were furnished with rush-bottomed
chairs. -Macaii.ay'h Enci.,c1i. )J, p. 828.
5036. WEAK destroyed. Ancient (Urmaru.
[The Ileruli. who anciently iidiabited the dark
lore.sts of Germany and I'oland, | wen; a fierce
people who dLsdained the use of armor, and who
(condenmed their widows and aged parents not
to survive the loss of their husbands or the de-
cay of their strength. — Oiiihon's Uume, ch. 89,
p 10.
5ft5r. WEAKNESS, Criminality of. Richard
Cniinirdl. [When Uichard Cromwell .succeeded
his father in the Protectorate; of England, he did
not bring his father's endowments with him.
When the army began to evince a ho.stility tow-
ard Parliament the ofllcers who were devoted
to him urged him to adopt some strong meas-
ure, and stand firm. Hiit he slirank from the
resi)on8ibility, saying,] " I have never done any-
body any harm, anil I never will ; I will not
have a droj) of blood spilt for the preservation of
my greatness, which is a burden to me." —
Knkuit's Eno., vol. 4, ch. 14, p. 220.
59SH. WEAKNESS by Enlargement. Empire
if the MohaniniedanH. The thy-d and most obvi-
ous cau.se of the decline and fall of the caliphs
'was the weight and Magnitude of the empire
itself. The caliph Alnmmon might proudly
assert that it was ea.sierfor Inm to rule the East
and the West than to manage a che.ss-board of
two feet square ; yet I suspect Ihat in both those
games he was guilty of many fatal mistakes. —
(jtinuoN's Ro.MK, ch. 52, p. 825.
5059. WEAKNESS of great Men. Demosthenes.
[At the battle of Cherona'a] Demosthenes, who
was a greater statesman than a warrior, and
more capable of giving wholesome coun.sel in
his harangiies than of .supjwrting them by an
intrepid courage, threw down his arms, and
lied with the rest. It is even said that in his
flight his robe being caught by a bramble, he
imagined that some of tiie enemy liad laid hold
of liim, and cried out, " Spare my life !' More
than 1000 Athenians were left ujion the field of
battle, and above 2000 taken prisoners, among
whom was Demades, the orator. The lo.ss was
as great on the Theban side. — Hollin's Hist.,
Hook 14, t; 6.
-;^«»60. "WEAKNESS, Moral. Milo the Athlete.
[Me was the champion wrestler of Greece.] An
author has judiciously oLocTved that this sur-
prisingly robust champion, who prided himself
so much on his bodily strength, was the weakest
of men with regard to a passion which often
subdues and captivates the strongest ; a courte-
.san having gained so great an ascendancy over
Milo that she tyrannized over lum in tlie most
imperious manner, and made him obey what-
WKAI/ni.
709
ever cuiuiimmU hIic laid upon liini. — Uullin'h
IIiHT., Book 7. ell. :i, 55 21M».
A90I . WEALTH, ConMrTation of. lifigii of
Jaiiiin If. [ll(t desired to M((eure tlie reiiKiows
nsvolutioti of Kngliiiid liy Ne(;uriiig ii itoiimii
Ciitliolic HuceesHioii to tlio tliroiie. | To all ini 'i
not utterly i)liiided Ity puH.sion, tliese dlltlctdties
iippciired insuperal)lo. Tlie niosl uiiH(;riii)ulous
HJiives of power «lio\ved ni^uH of mieiiHlness.
Dryden nuittered tlmt tlie kin>; would only
niiike niatt(!rs worse by tryiiijf to mend tliern,
and Hijiflied for the gold(!n days of the carelesH
and good-natured Cliarles. Even JelTreys
wavered. As long as Ik? was poor, he was per-
fectly ready to facu; ()l)lo(|uy and i)iiliii(^ hatred
for luere. Hut \u; had now, hy corruption and
extortion, accumulated great riches ; and he was
more anxious to secure them than to increase
them. His slackness drew on him a shar]) rep-
rimand from the royal lips. In dread of being
deprived of the great seal, iKipronu.sed whatev(T
wius reijuired of him ; but liarillon, in reporting
this circumstanci! to Louis, remarked that the
King of England could i)laee little reliance on
any man who had anything to lose. — M.\cau-
i,ay'h Enu., ch. K, p. 201.
5902. WEALTH, Corrupting. Relif/ion. The
story of Paul of Samosata, who tilled the metro-
politan see of Anlioch, while the East was in
the hands of de Onathus and Zenobia, may serve
to illu.strate the condition and character of \\w,
tiujes. The wealth of that prelate was a sutll-
cient evidence of his guilt, since it was neither
derived from the inheritance of his fathers nor
ac(pnred by the arts of honest industry. But
Paul consiucired the .service of the Churcli as a
very lucrative profession. His ecclesiastical ju-
ris(liction was venal and rapacious ; he extorted
frecpient contributions from the most opulent of
the faithful, and converted to his own use a con-
siderable part <3f the public revenue. By his
pride and luxury the Christian religion was
rendered odious in the eyes of the Gentiles. His
council chamber and his throne, the splendor
with which he appeared in public, the suppliant
crowd who solicited his attention, the multitude
of letters and petitions to which he dictated his
answers, and the pcri)etual hurry of business in
which he was involved, were circumstances
much better suited to the state of a civil magis-
trate; thati to tlu! humility of a primitive bishop.
— Gmuion's RoMK, ch. IG, p. r)3.
5063. WE ALTH by Corruption. Lord Claren-
don. [Lord Clarendon, chancellor for the cor-
rupt Charles IL,] returned from exile in the
deepest poverty. In seven years he had acquired
a sufficient fortune to build a mansion .superior
to ducal palaces, and to furnish it with the most
costly objects of taste and luxury. It was called
" Dunkirk House" by the people, because they
saw what they believed to be evidence of foreign
bribery. — Knight's Enc, vol. 4, ch. 17, p. 301.
5064. WEALTH, Cost of. Samuel Johnson.
Mrs. Thrale mentioned a gentleman who had ac-
quired a fortune of £4000 a year in trade, but
was absolutely miserable, because, he could not
talk in company ; so miserable, that he was im-
pelled to lament his situation in the street to ,
whom he hates, and who he knows despises liim.
" I am a most unhappy man," sjiid he. " I am
invited to conversations. I go to conversations ;
but, alas I I have no converwition." Joiinhun ;
" Man commoidy cannot Iw sun essful in dilTer-
cnl ways. This gentleman has spent, in getting
tiOOO a year, the time in which he might have
learned to talk ; and now hecatinot talk. " .Mr.
I'erkins made a shrewd and droll remark : " If
Ik; had got his i'4(H)0 a yearasa mountebank, hu
ndght havt; learned to talk at the .same time that
Ik; was getting his fortuiK-." — Bohwki.i.'n Joii^^-
SON, p. 450. '
5065. . Sdinud Johnn'm. The
conversation having luriud on the prevailing
j)ractice if going to the East Indies in (|uesl oi
wealth. .loiiNHON : " A man had licller have
£10,000 at tin; cikI of ten years passed in Eng-
land than 1:20,000 at tin' end of ti'U years jias.sed
in India, because you must compute what you
(/('(v for money ; aiul a man who has lix-ed'ten
years in IiKlia has giv(;n up ten years oC social
comfort, anil all those advantages which arise
from living in England." — Bohwki.i.'s .Ioii.n-
.SON, p. 4ir).
5066. WEALTH, Dangerous. 7'" /VW//. .I..hn
Wesley remarked in early life that he luid known
but four UK'H who had not declined in religion
by beconnng wealthy ; at a later period in life
he corrected the r(>inark, and niiidc no excep-
tion. — StKVKNS' MkTIIODISM, vol. 1, p. 2t)S.
5067. WEALTH, Despoiled of. /.'// ('n>i,nn/l.
The old Irish gentry were scatlircd over the
whole world. Descendants of Milesian chief-
tains swaruK'd in all the courts and camps of
the Continent. The despoiled ])roprietors who
still remained in their native land brooded
gloomily over their losses, |)ined for the opidene(;
and dignity of which they had been deprived,
and cherished wild hopes of another revolution.
A jjcrson of thisclass was described by his coun-
tryman as a gentleman who would be rich if
justice were done, as a gentleman who had
a tine estate if he could onlv get it. — .Macau-
i.Av's EN(i., ch. 0, p. 120.
506§. WEALTH destroyed. For Safrt//.
After the retreat [from Africa] of the Saracens,
the victorious i)rophetcss [Cahina] assembled the
Moorish C'hiefs, and recommended a measure of
strange and .savage policy. "Our cities," .said
she, "and the gold and silver whieli thev con-
tain, i)erpetindly attract the arms of the Arabs.
These vile metals are not the objects of our am-
bition ; we content our.selves with the sim])le
productions of the earth. Let us destroy the.so
cities ; let us burj' i!i their ruins those |)ernicious
trea.sures ; and when the avarice of our foes shall
be destitute of temptation, perhaps they will
cea.sc to di.sturb the trancpiillity of a warlike peo-
])le." The propo.sal was aceeiited with unani-
mous applause. From Tangier to Trii)oli the
buildings, or at least the fortifications, were de-
molished, tlu; fruit-trees were cut down, the
nK;ans of subsistence were extirpated, a fertile
and populous garden was changed into a desert,
and the historians of a more recent period could
discern the frequent traces of the prospi'rity
and devastation of their ancestors. — GinnoN 8
Rome, ch. .51 , p. 246.
5069. WEALTH, Enormous. Cdidacuzene.
[This grand chamberlain and adroit intriguer of
the Turkish empire became the possessor of
enormous wealth.] The register of his private
710
WEAI/ril.
wciiltli ritiiiiiulM IIS of thf oniilcncc of LucuIIiih
iiiid of OnuwiiM lit Uoiiio. 'I'lic ('oiitls<'utioii of his
IrciiMiirt'^ in Hiiver, iiftiT liir* tIrHt rxilc, Hiilllccd
lo (-(iiiip II ticut of Nixty vcMHi'ls. IliN i(niiiiirit'N
(■onbiiiicd llm |)roviHioiiH of ii ciipitul, iii liarlcy
iitul wlical. Two llioiiHiiiid yol^o of oxen lillcii
lii.s luiidH ill Thruci> ; iwo tiioiisaiid live Imiidrcd
iimn-s Niippliod witli iiorscs his nUiIiIcm ; thn^o
liiiiidri'd oiiiiiitlH, live liiiiidrcd iiuiics, tlv<> iiiin-
drcd usHcM, tll'ly thousand lio>;s, seventy llioiiNaiid
siii'cp, fllidd his farmyards or covcroil hU pan-
lilies. — liAMAUTIMx'H TiJIlKKV, p. 2^4.
AfirO. WEALTH, Failure of. Siiinid John-
noil, .loliiison and I set out in Dr. 'I'aylor's
cliais*' to go to Derliy. 'I'iie day was line, and
wo rivsolveii lo g" '•>' Keddiestone, tiie seal of
liord Scarsdale, tliat I inigiit H<>e Ids liOi-(islii])'s
tine house. I was striicl^ witii li.e inaKiiitlceiice
of the l)uildiiiK ; and tiie itxli-iisivt^ park, wiili
tite liiiesl viTdiire, coven^d with deer and eallle
und slie(!|), deiiglited me. 'I'ho niimlier of old
oalis, of an iiniiutnsu si/.e, tilled me with a sort
of retipeetful admiration ; for oiii! of them L'dl)
was oliered. Tlic ex(U'llent smooth gravel roads ;
tluHiirgi! pi(!('() of water, formed l)y his Ijordship
from some hiiiuII lirooks, witii a liandsonui liarii;(;
iijion it ; the venerable Ootiiie church, now the
family chapel, just liy tlK? liouse -in short, the
graiul group of (>l)jects agitated and distended
my mind in a most agreeable manner. " One
should think, "said I, " that theproprit^torof all
this mit^it bo liappy." " Nay, sir, "said .Johnson ;
"all this ox(;ludos but one evil — poverty." —
UoSWKM.'a JoilNHON, p. !W9.
^97 1. WEALTH by Flattery. IIouk: A rich
childish old man was a doincsiic tyrant, and
his power iiuircasod with his years and intlrmi-
tics. A servile crowd, in wliicli ho freciuontiv
rockoncil priutors and consuls, courted Ins
smiles, pampered liis avaric-e, applauded liis
folli(\s, .served his passions, and waited with im-
pationco for his death. The arts of attt^ndance
und flattery were formed into a most lucrative
.sciouce ; those who professed it aciiuired a pecul-
iar appellation ; and the wholi- city, according
to the lively descriptions of satire, was divided
between two parties — the hunters and their
8mu'. [The flatterers hoped for legacies.] —
ibudn's Ro.mk, ch. 6, p. 193.
5972. WEALTH, Oenini for. Marcun Crasnim.
He made himself useful to the Dictator by his
genius for tiuance, und in return he was enabled
to amass an enormous fortune for himself out
of the proscriptions. His eye for business
reached over the whole Roman Empire. He
was banker, speculator, contractor, merchant.
He lent money to the spendthrift young lords,
but with sound security and at usurious interest.
He had an army of slaves, but these slaves were
not ignorant field-hands ; they were skilled work-
men in ail arts and trades, whose labors he
turned to profit in building streets and palaces.
Thus all that he touched turned to gold. He was
the wealthiest single individual in the whole
empire, the acknowledged head of the business
world of Rome. — Fboudk's C^sah, ch. 9, p. 10.
5973. WEALTH, Hopes oi. Abrahim Lin-
coln. A.D. 1860. [Mr. Lincoln visited New
York, where he met a former resident of Illi-
nois.] " Well, B., how have you fansd since
you left Illinois ?" To which B. replied : " I
hnvomndo AlOO.tHH), und loNt it nil ; how is it
with you, Mr. Lincoln t" " Oh, very well," tudct
Mr. liincoln ; " I have the cottage at Sprtng-
tleld, and about ifCtlXM) in money. If they
make me Vi<'oi'reNideiit with H(!wurd. us somu
say tliev will, I hope I sliull be able to incn-UHo
it to l(i'i(),(M)(), und that is as much ns any man
ouglit to want." — Uav.moni) h Lincoln, ch. ;i,
p. KM).
5971. WEALTH, Immoderate. Homana. Tlie
historian Olyin|)io<lorus, who repieseiits the
state of RoiiK! when it was besiri-vd by the
Ooths, . . . olwerves that several of tlio riithest
senators received from their estates an annual in-
come of four tliousand poiindN of gold uIm)Vu
one hundred and sixty thousand pounds ster-
ling, without com|)uting the stated provision
of corn and wine, which, had they been sold,
might hav(! e(iualle(1 in value one third of the
money. (?ompared to tliis immoderate wealth,
an ordinary revenue of a thousand or fifteen
hundred pounds of gold might be (;onsid(!red us
no more than ade(juate to the dignity of tlu^ sen-
atorlan rank, which re<|ulr(ul many (?xp(!nses
of n public and ostentatious kind. [.Vbout A.i).
400].— GiiiiioN's Ro.mk, ch. 'A\, p. 2t9.
5975. WEALTH by Labor, Pttcr Cooper.
Now followed thirty years of steady hard work.
He learned bow to make the best glue that ever
was made in the world, and it brought the high-
est price. For twenty years he had no book-
keeper, no clerk, no'.salesman, no agent. He
was up at tlu! dawn of day. He lighUul the
factory tires, so as to be; ready for the men at
seven o'clock. He boiled his own glue. At
midday he drove into town in ids wagon, called
upon his customers, and sold tluim glue and
isingla.ss. At home in the. evening, po.sting his
books und reading to his family. Such was his
life for thirty years, his business i)roducing him
thirty thousand dollars a year, a large jjortion
of wliich he saved, always thinking and often
talking of the institution whicli he hopiul to
found. Olue is made from bullocks' feet, and
for many years he consumed in his glue facto-
ry all the feet which the city yielded, and saw
the i)ric(! gradually ri.se from one cient to twelve
cents per foot. — (Jyci.oi'KDIA of Bioa., p. r)74.
5970. WEALTH, Perils of. Itoman F.mptror
Diocletian. One very remarkable edict which
he published, instead of being condenuiod as the
elfect of jealous tyranny, deserves to be ap-
plauded as an act of priKlence and humanity.
He caused a diligent inquiry to be made " for
all the ancient books which treated of the ad-
mirable art of making gold and silver, and with-
out pity committed them to the flames, apprehen-
sive, as we are u-s-sured, lest the opulence of the
Egyptians should inspire them with confidence
to rebel against the empire." ... It may be re-
niurked that these ancients book, so liberally as-
cribed to Py thagorus, to Solomon, or to Hermes,
were the pious frauds of more recent adepts.
. . . The persecution of Diocletian is the first
uuthentic event in the history of ulcheray. The
concpiest of Egypt by the Arubs diffused that
vain science over the globe. Ungenial to the
avarice of the human lieart, it was studied in
China, as in Europe, with equal eagerness and
with equal success. The darkness of the Middle
Ages insured a favorable reception to every tale
WEAI/ni— WEAPONS,
711
«)f woniliT, iimi tlic ri' /Iviil of li'iirnlii>^ jjiivc rww
vi^or to ho|H-, and Hiig^fstcd more MpiM'ioiiM urtM
of (ieccptjon. l*hlloH<ii)||v with llic aid of cx-
pcricncc, liitM at lriiL;ili lianislicd tlu> Nltxly of
alclKtiny. — (Jiiidon'h IIomk, <-h. lH, p. 41M.
5977. WEALTH, Ilelatlva. Xnn Yorkri'^.
A.i>. 107H. The poor were iclicvrd, and bcKKHPH
iiDkiiowii. A lliousand poiitids was opuli'iici' ;
the poMscsiHor of half that Hiiiii svan rich. — U.vx-
ciioKt'm U. H., eh. 17.
Af»7W. WEALTH repadlatsd. ,Miii W<dt)/. In
Id-s " App«!al to Men of Uctwoti," hi- Maid : " llt'ar
yti t!dH, ail who luivi! illMcovcind lh<' trcaHiiri's
u hicli I am to l('av(; behind nu* ; if I U- iv(! h*'-
hin<l mo t; 10 (above my debts and my bookH, or
what may happen to iHuliwton acconni of tlu-m).
voti and all mankind bear witness apdnst uu: that
1 lived and died a thief and a robber." Tlie stale
of his alTairs at his death, nearly lialf a centn-
ry after, fidly verilled Ihis pledf,'e. — Stkvknm'
AlKTiionrH.M, vol. I, p. 2(IH.
a070. WEALTH, Beputation for. /loiunii
h'lii/wror JunUniiin. 'i'lie riches of .Iiistinian
were siKXidily exhausted by alms and buildinfjs,
by ambitiom wars and if^nonunions treatises.
1 lis revenues were found inade(|ual(! to bis e.\-
jHjnses. Every art was tried to «'Xtort from thu
|)iH>plu the ^old and silver which he Hcallered
with a lavish hand from Persia to France- ;
his reign was marked by the vici.ssitudcH, or
rather by the (;ond)al, of rapaciousness and av-
nrii'c, of splendor and poverty ; he lived with
(111! reputation of hidden treasures, and becpu^ath-
ed to ins successor the i)ayment of Ids ilebto. —
<}ni»oN's RoMK, ch. 00, ]). To.
5080. WEALTH, Rural. John Vnntacuzene.
[TIk! Gr(!ek politician. | Under the reign of An-
droidcus the Younger the great domestic ruled
thcempcror and the empire. . . . He does not
measure the si/.(^ and muulMtr of bis estates ; l»ut
his gramiries were heaped with an inerrdible
store of wheat and barley ; and the labor of a
thousand yokes <>f oxen might cultivate, accord-
ing to the practice of antiiiuity, about sixty-two
thou.sand tive hundred acres of arable land. His
piustures wen; stocked with 2500 brood mares,
1200 camels, ;{(M) mules, ."iiOO asses, 5000 liorned
cattle, 30,000 liogs, and 70,000 sheep— a pre-
cious record of rural opulence. — GiuunN's
Ii().\iK, ch. «3, p. 18a.
50MI. WEALTH, Scheme of. Pope Boiiifice
VIII. [In 1300] proclaimed a i)lenary absolution
to all Catlioli'^ who, in the course of that year,
and at every aiilar period, should respectfully
visit the apostolic churches of St. Peter and St.
Paul. The welcoM,i' sound was pr(>i)agated
through Christendom ; and at first from the
nearest provinces of Italy, and at length from
the remote kingdoms of Hungary and Britain,
the highways were thronged with a swarm of
pilgrims who sought to expiate their sins in a
journey, however co.stly or laborious, which was
e.xempt from tl»e perils of military service. All
exceptions of rank or sex, of age or intirmity,
were forgotten in the common transport ; and m
the streets and churches many persons were
trampled to death by the eagerness of devotion.
The calculation of their mimbers could not be
easy or accurate ; and they have probably been
magnified by a dexterous clergy, well apprised
of tiie contagion of example ; yet wrj arc luwuri'd
by a Judicious hisiorlan who aMsisted at the cen;-
mony that Home was never replenished with
less than two hundred thousand sirangers ; aixl
anolher spectator has tlxed nl two ndllions thu
total coiieoursi' of the year. A Irilling olilatlon
from each Individual would aceunndate a royal
treasure ; and two |)rlesis stood tdght and day,
with rakes in their hands, to collect, without
otnmtlng. the heaps of gold and silver (hat were
poured on the altar of St. Paul.— ( Jiiuion's
Uo.MK, ch. (10, p. 457.
50M)I. WEALTH well Moured. Stilimn. The
city of Megara being taken. IhiNoliliers demand-
ed leave to plunder the inhabllimts ; but the
Atheidansintercede<l for them .soellVctually that
the <;lty was .saved. Demetrius drove out the
garrison of CaH.sander, and i-einstalcil Megara in
Its liberties. Stili)on, a cclebrMlecl philosopher,
lived In that city, and was sent for by DemctriuH,
who asktui him if be had not lost' son<elhlng.
" Nothing at all," replied Slilp-m, " for I carry
all my elfccts about inc ;" mean.iig by that ex-
pression his justice, probity, temp((rancc, luid
vvl.sdom ; with the advantage of not ranking
anything in the class of blessings that could bo
taken frotn him. What could all the kings of
the earth do in conjunclion agninsl sutili a man
as Ihis, who neither desires nor dreads any-
thing. — UOM.INH IIlHT., IJook 10, ^ 7.
50M:t. WEALTH, Slavery to. S/>aiii(inls.
Spain, by a very sin<;idur fatality, was the
Peru ancf Mexico of the old world. The dis-
covery of the rich western continent by the
Plurnicians, and the oppressif)n of the sim-
ple natives, who ui re compelled to labor in
their own mines for the benefit of strangers,
form an exact type of the more recent history
of Spanisli America, -(Jiiuion'h Ko.mk, cb. 6,
p. 1H3.
50M. WEALTH, Wise Uee of. l\trv Cooper.
We cite the authority of the Hlertriful Jierieir,
which, in paying its triliiite to Mr. Cooper, .says:
" It is not for us to dwell upon thespirit of phi-
lanthropy and catholicity of the man, to whom
it gives the lirsl honors among tlu; Fathers of
the Atlantic irablc. That great work was plan-
ned and accomplished by Peter Cooper. To
him, more than to any of his as.sociat(!.s, is duo
(he successful laying of the Atlimtic cable. —
LicsTKiiK LiKi'; OK Pktku Coopkk, p. 24.
50«5. WEALTH, Visionary. J)i- Soto in Flor-
ida. In Cuba, . , . two Indians brought as cap-
tives to Havana invented uch falsehoods as
they norceived would bo acceptable. They
conver.sed by signs, luid their signs were inter-
jm'ted as idlirming that Florida abounded in
gold. 'I'lie news spread great contentment ; De
Soto and his troops were restless with longing for
the hour to lU'rive of their departure to the con-
quest of " the richest country which had yet
been discovered." — Banckoft's Hist, of U. 8.,
vol. 1, ch. 2.
50M6. WEAPONS, Needless. The Rebellum.
When . . . the Confederate troops first turned
out, they were in the hid)it of wearing numerous
revolvers and bowie-knives. General Lee is said
to have mildly remarked : " Gentlemen, I think
yoti will tlnd tm Entield rifle, a bayonet, and
sixty rounds of ammunition as much as you caa
I'i
\vKhi)iN(j— winovviiool).
cuiivitnU'ntly mrry In lh« wtiy of nrinit." Tlu-y
IuiikIx'iI, iuiiI lliiiii^lit iIii'V kiww iN'ltcr ; Itiit lli<*
mIx hIiooIitn itiiit liiiwit' knivcH ((rudiutlly iliwip
iHiircil. — r<ii.i.Aiti)'H Hk(:«»nu Vkau t>v tiik
Wau, |). ;»•.'»,
A9Nr. WEODINO, A brllllknt. Orimlal. Ti-
iiuiiir wIhIii'iI to (lii/./.lc II iiuu'Ii hm to i'iiiii|ui'r.
Il<> kiiKW timl the NWiird, to hiiIiJiii^hIi* ihc tncn
of tlu< KiiMt, mIiouIiI kIiiI'TuikI Ntriko ul tlicMiiiui'
time. Tim inurriuK>' of oii<> of his noun, Ntill u
Cllilll, to till' llllll^lllClor Ollrof till' HOVCri'i>;tlN(lf
(lie froiilli r of INtnIii iiirniilli'il him to <llN|iliiy
III tlic iiiarriai^i- rcHtlvillct all tlii> riches tiial tliV
n|)oIIn of iliiKlostaii liail ito'iitiiiiliili'd in his
tents. A tliroiK^ of jfold, crowns of diainoiids,
horiiN full of precious nIoiicn spilled lik(^ water
under the feel of the yoUll(; euuple, HVellUeH of
censers llial perfumed with musk and alnher^:rlM;
the eui'lh <'ar|)eted for miles around, tlie doiiie
oi the nuptial lent, I'lirined liy ii llrinaineiil of
lapis la/iili, wherein inenisted diamonds repre-
Hcnli'd the slars and eonslellittions , Ihecurlains
of Ihe lent of woven K"''"'. "><' pineapple which
Hurmounled it at the centre, oulside, was cliis-
clled in a Mock (tf thio umlicr. — Lamautink'h
TiiUKKV, p. :i(W,
AOMM. WEDDING, Present for a. Starrs.
Anioiii; Ihetioths, Kuixmidians, and I'ViinkH ab-
solute power oC lif(! and death was exercised liy
the lords ; and when th(>y married their dau;::li-
ters a (rain of useful servants, chained on \\w
wajijons lo prevent Iheir escape, was Nent as ii
iiupli'il present inio a disiaiit country. — (.Jiii-
hon'm Komi;, eh. :{H, p. iW,\.
5ftN0. WEDLOCK, Oolden. S/)ar(itii.i. F.ys.in-
dcr's poverty haviii;^ eeii discovered after his
dealh did ;;reat honor to his memory ; when it
waH known thai of all the^^old and riches ^^ hich
had passed throiujfh his hands, of a power .so ex-
tensive! as his had been, of so many cities under
his •rovernmeni, and which made Iheir court to
him — in II word, of that kind of dominion and
HOvereii;nly always exercised by him, he had
made no manner of advaiilap' forthe advance-
ment and enriehinir of his liou.se. 8omi ' lys
lieforo his dealh Iwoof the iirineipal <'iti/^i .of
Hi)arla had conlracted themselves to his two
(hiu^hlerH ; but when they knew in what condi-
tion lie had left hisalTairs, tliey refu.sed lo marry
them. The republic did not sulfer ho sordid a
biisiiiiess to ^o unpunislied, nor permit Lysan
(h'r'.s ])()vcrty, whicih was Ihc sironirest j)rool
of his justice; and virtue, to bo Irealeclas an ob-
stacle to an alliance into his family. They were
titled in a great sum, publicly disgraced, and
exposed to the eoiitcmiit of all persons of honor.
For at Si>iirta tluTe were penalties estublished,
not only for such as refu.s(!d to inarry, or mar-
ried too late, but also for tho.se who married
amiss ; and tho.se especially were n^ckoned of
this number who, in.steud of forming alliances
with virtuous families and with their own rela-
tions, had no motive but wealth and lucre in
marriage. — Rom.in'h Hist., Book 9, ch. 3, t^4.
5900. WELCOME, A gratefal. Wife of James
IT. [The king and (lueeii of England were fugi-
tives and self-exiled.] Mary was on the road
toward the French court when news came that
her husband bad, after a rough voyage, landed
safe at the little village of Ambleteu.se. Persons
of high rank were instantly despatched from Ver-
HullleN to ^revt and cNcort lilni. Mean while IiOiiiii.
itlleiided by IiIn family and Ids iiobilily, went
forth illNlalf to receive the exiled i|Ueeii. Itefortr
his ^orgeoiiN coach went Ihe HwInn lialberdierN.
On each Nide of It and behind it riMie Ihe br)dy-
guards, with cymbalN claNliing and lriiin|ietN
pealing. Afler him, in a hundred carriageN, eacii
drawn by h|x horscN, came Ihe most Npleiidid
iirlHlocracy of Kurope, all fealhciH, ribboiiN, Jew
els, and eiiibroidcry. Hefore Ihe jiroceNsloii hail
gone far it was announced that Mary was up-
proachliig. LouIn alighted and advanced on fool
lo meet tier. Hlie broke forlli Into piiHNlonalir
expressions of gratitude. " .Madam," said her
IiohI, " it In but a nielancholy service that I am
rendering you today. 1 hope Ihat I may Uablir
hereafter lo render you services greater and moro
nleusing." lie embraced Ihe lillle I'rlnce of
Wales, and made the (|ueen seal herself in Ihc
royal slate coach on the right hand. The cav-
alcade llicii liinied towarrl Saini (Jermain'H. —
Mm Ai lay's Knii., ch. 10, p. 551.
rtOOI. WELCOME, Public. T" Croniirdl. [Af-
ter Ihe subJugMlion of Ireland he reliiriied to
London.] On lloiinslow llealli he was met by
(li neral Fairfax, many members of I'arliameiit,
and olllcers of Ihc army, and niulliliides of llio
common |>eople. Coining lo Hyde Park, he was
received by Ihe Lord Mayor and Corporation of
Ihecily ol London; Ihe great guns were tired
olT, and Colonel Harkslead's regiment, whicli
w.is drawn up for I hat piirpo, , gave him sev-
eral volleys with Iheir small iirms. Thus in a
Iriumpliant manner he entered London, amid a
crowd <d' atlendants, and was received wilh Ihe
highest acclaiiialions. And afler resuming his
place ill I'arliameiil, Ihe Speaker, in an >']iii{ueiil
speech, returned him Ihe thanks of the Mouse
for his great and faithful services in Ireland ;
after which the lord-lieutenant gave Iheni a
|)arlicular account of the stale and condition of
that kingdom. It was while he rode thus in stale
through London that Oliver replied to some
sycophaiilie person who had ob.scrved. " What
a crowd comes out to .see your Lordslii|i.s Irl-
uiniili I" " Yes ; but if it were to see me haiig-
(m1, how many more would lliere be I " Here is
a clear-headed, |)raclical man. — Hood's (Mio.m-
WKi.i,, ch. 11, p. 145.
AOOil. WIDOWHOOD, Coniolation of. h<uic
Ncirtiin. [He was an unsuc(;essful lover in early
life.] He appeared to have thought no more of
love or marriage till he was sixty. Uich and fa-
mous then, he aspin^l to the hand of Lady Nor-
ris, the widow of a baronet, and he wrote her a
(luaintand curious love-letter. He began by re-
monstrating with her upon her excessive grief
for the loss of her husband, telling her that " to
be always thinking on the dead is lo live a mel-
ancholy life among sepulchres." He a.sks lier if
she can resolve tospend the rest of herdaysin
grief and sickness, and wi^ar forever a widow's
weeds, a costume " less acceptable to company,"
and keeping her always in mind of her loss.
' ' The proper remedy for all these griefs and mis-
chiefs, "he adds, " is a new husband," who.so
estate, added to her own, would enable her to live
more at ease. He says in conclusion : " I doubt
not but in a little time to have notice of your
ladyship's inclinations to marry ; at lea.st that
you will give me leave to discourse with you
WIKK.
7i;i
iihoiit It." TIh> liuly'H HHKwt'r Iiiih not iNrii pri>-
mtvimI ; lull iiM tli<> timrriuK*' iii'vrr toitk pliiri',
wi' iiittv pri-Hiinic llmt llic Ki'i'nt ^ir iMiur N*'w-
toil liiKi In tlf^urr ill llir ('liiinu'lcr of II rejected
lover. Cvri.orKDi \ hk Miuii., p. 'i'ti.
a90:i. WIVE abtndontd. I'.nt SMI,;/. Tliat
Hlielley, early in IHM, jmd no iiileiilioii of leiiviiiK
UIm wife in prolmlile ; tor lit* wait re niarrieil lo
her on the 'J(lh of Slureh, . . . Harriet nviin
pre^'iiant, and this ratllW ation of the Scotch mar
riuKc wiiH no doiilit inlcntlctl to place llic Icf^iii
niacy of ti poHNJiile licjr licyoiid all <|iieHlloii. Vet
... in the very inonlli alter this new ccreiiionv
Hlutlley foiiii<rihe dilllcuilieH of his weildctl lite
iiiNnperahle. . . . Aliotit the niiddle of .liiiic
liicHeparatioii actually ofciirred — not by niiitnal
coiLstMil, . . . lint hy Hlielley MHiiddeii aliaiidon
inent of hi.i wife and child. For a Hhort while
Ilarritil wan left in ignorance of his alioile, and
with a very iiiHulllclcnt hiiiii of money at lier
dlspo.sal.— SvMoMm' SiiKi.i.KV, cli. 4.
nWtt. WIFE, Authority of. Lailji Fnirfar. On
the 2l)lh of .liiiK', within a Hinirle niontli of his
itrrivalat home I from siili(liiiiiu:the Irish rebels |,
lie set forth on his ^^reat military expedition to
Hcotlaiid. 'I'll)! Parliament had wished Lord
Fairfax to take command and set tliiiif^s rlKht
there ; liiit although Fairfa.x was an Indepen-
dent, ills wife was a I'resbylerian, and she would
not allow her husband to pi. We believe that
It was very well that it was ho. — Hiiod'h CiitiM-
Wi;i,i,, cli, II, p. II.'").
5905. WIFE by bequeit. Athiim. It was a
Very sinjfiilar law of the .\tlieiiians, which per-
mitted a man lobeipieath his wife, like any other
part of his estate, to any one whom he chose for
his Hiiccessor. Tlie mother of DemoslheiU's was
left by will to ApliobuM, witlia fort uiie of <•/>//( ^//
miiKP. The form of such a bccpicst has been
preserved, and runs tliiis ; "Tliis is the last will
t)f Fasio the Acliariiean. I luMpicath my wife,
Arcliippc, to Fhormio, witli a fortune of one tal-
■;nt in i't'parrhetus, oik; talent in Attica, a lioiist-
worth a hundred niinii', to^^ether with the female
slaves, tilt! ornaments of K"hl, and whatever else
nuiy be in it."— Tvti-ku'h Hiht., JJook 1, cli. 10,
p. 104.
5996. WIFE, Counsels of a. Thcmloni. The
[)rudt!nce of [his wife) Theodora is celebrated by
the Uoiiian emperor] Justinian lilmscif ;aiid his
aw8 are attributed to the .sage counsels of his
most reverend wife, whom he hail receivetl as tin;
gift of the Deity. Her courage was displayed
amitl the tumult of the people and the terrors of
the court. Her chastity, from the moment of her
iinitm with Justinian, is founded on the silence
of her implacable enemies ; and although the
daughter of AcaduH might be .satiated with
love, yet some appliui.se is due to the firmness of
a mind which could (sacrifice pleiv.surc and habit
to the stronger Heii.se either of tluty or interest.
— GtUHON'H UoMK, ch. 40, p. 55.
5997. WIFE, An energetic. Margaret of An-
jou. Henry [VI.] was dragged to the buttle of
St. Albau's, when; the party of York gained a
complete victory. The king was wounded and
taken pri.soner, but treated by the vit^for with
great respect and tenderness. He was soon af-
ter led in triumjih to London ; and the Duke of
York, permitting him <still to enjoy the title of
king, RMiiimetl lo lilmself that of protector,
iinilt'r which he exerelMed all the real iMiwem
of the Novereign. Marguret of Anjoii, whoNt)
courage rone from ler inisforiiineN, prepareil lo
aveiigt- the cauMe of her liUHbaiid, and lo hii|)-
port the regal authority. With the aMslHtaiieu
of I hose iioblcN who were devoted lo the house
of LaiiciiNler, she ralseil a i (insiderable army,
and met the troops of York on the borders of
StalTordshire. A desertion from thai |iaily in-
creased so much llii> sircngtii of the royal army,
that their opponents iiiHtaiitly disperHcd, and
the duke tied into Irelanil, while his cause was
secrellv maintained in Fiigland by (iiiy, Karl of
Warwick, a man of great iibillires and of tin;
most undaiinled fortitude. \\y degrees the ac-
tivity of lliis nobleman collectcil an army sutll-
cieiit to laketlie Held. Margaret of Anjoii had
ranged her army at Norlhainploii. determined
to light herself at Hie head of her troops, while
Ihe tiespicable king reniaincd in his lent, awiiil-
ing ill great pcrturbalioii the issue of tl n-
gagemeiit. The royal armv was overthinwii.
anil Henry once more inaile a prisoner, aii((
brought back to London. .Margaret lli'd willi
precipilalioii lo Wales, and, her manly spirit
never deserting her, employed herself in levying
a new army for the rescue of her husband ami
the re (■Htalilishment of his aiilliority. — Tyt-
i.Kii'M IIiMT., Hook (l.ch. M, 1). '."..M.
599W. WIFE, A generous. Of Wi/li.iin,
I'rimr if Onnii/i . ,\Tl the peculiarities of his
character lilted liini jMisliop Miirnell lo be
Ihe peiure-maker between \V illiani and Mary.
Where jicrsons who ought lo esteem and love
each olhcr are kept asunder, as often happens,
by some cau.se wiiicli three words of frank ex-
planation would remove, they arc fortunate if
lliey ])ossess an indiscreet friend who blurts out
Ihe whole truth. Murnel plainly told the prin-
cess what the feeling was wliich preyed upon her
husband's mind. She learned for Ihe tirsl lime,
svilh no small aslonishment, Ihat when she be-
caiut; (^iicen of Fngland William would not
share her throne. She warmly declared that
then; was no proof of conjugal submission and
alTection which she was not ready to give. Bur-
net, witli many apologies, and with solemn
protestations Ihat no human being had put words
into his mouth, informed her that Ihe remedy
was in her own hands. She might easily, when
the crown devolved on her, induce her I'arlia-
inentnol only lo give the regal title to her hus
band, but even to transfer to him b}' a legisla-
tive act the administration of Ha; government.
" But," hcathlcd, "your Koyal Higliness ought
to consider well before; you announce any such
re.solulion ; for it is a resolution which, having
once been announced, cannot safely or easily be
retracted." " I want no time for consideration,"
answered Mary. " It is enough that I have an
opi)ortuiiity of showing my regard for the
prince. Tell him what I say, and bring him
lo me, that he may hear it from my own lips."
Burnet went in i)'uesl of William, but William
was many miles olT after a slag. It aviis not till
tlu! ne.\t day that the decisive interview took
place. " I did not know till yesterday," said
Mary, " that there was such a dilTerence be-
tween the laws of England and the laws of
God. But I now promise you that you shall al-
714
WIFlii.
I) ■
wiiys hear nilc ; iimJ, in return, I ii.sk only tliis,
thiit, as 1 Hhall observe tlie precept which enjoins
wives to obey tlieir liu.sbands, you will observe
that winch enjoins husbumls to love tiicir wives."
Her generous airection completely gained the
lii'art of Williiiin. From that tinu^ till the sad
day when he was carried lavay in tits from her
dying-bed llu^re was entire Iritiidsliip and
confidence between Ihein.— Ma('.\i;i,.\y'h Eno.,
ch. 7, p. l(((i.
5099. "WIFE honored. Mrs. Jurknon. A few
weeks after tln^ battle of New Orleans, when her
Inisband was in the lirst tlush of his triumph,
this plain planter's wife floated down the Missis-
sippi to New Orleans tc visit her husband and
to accomiianv hini home. She had never .seen
a city lasfore, for Nashvill(> at that day was lit-
tle I'nore than a village. The elegant ladies of
New Orleans wcr(! exceedingly pleased to cb-
.servethat General .Jackson, though he was him-
■sclf oneof the most graceful and jioliteof gentle-
men, seemed toiailv unconscious of the homely
bearing, the country maimers, and awkward
dress of his wife. In all companies and on all
occasions he showed her every possible mark of
respect. The ladies gatheied about her and
l)resented her with all sorts of showy knick-
knacks and j"welry, and one of them undertook
the task of selecting suitable cloth( ,s for her.
Slie frankly confessed that she knew nothing
about su"h things, and was willing to wear any-
thing that the ladies tliouglit proper. Much as
she enjoyed her visit, I an. sure she was glad
enough to re' urn to her old home on the banks
of tl'.e Cunibei'land and resume her oversight of
the dairy and i!ie plantation. — Cvci.orKDi.v ok
Bro(;., p. .'587.
600©. WIFE, A rebeUious. John Milton s. The
girl herself ('Onceived an ecjual reimgnance to
the husband she hrd thoughtlessly accepted,
prcba'i'y on the strength of his good looks,
w'icli Vviis all of Milton that she was capable of
appreciating. [Milton permitted her to visit her
mother one month after marriage.] M'lry Mil-
ton went to Forest Hill in July, l)ut on the un-
derstanding that she was to come back at Mi-
chaelmas. When the appointed time came she
<lid not appear. Milton wrote for her to come.
No answer. Several other letters met the same
fate. At last he despatched a foot-mes.senger to
Forest Hill, desiring her return. The messenger
came back only to report that he had been " dis-
missed with some sort of contempt. " It was evi-
dent that Mary Milton's family had espoused her
cause as agamst lier husband. — Milton, hy
M. P.VTTisoN, ch. T).
6001. WIFE remembered. Washington. Forty
years a linsband, . . . from the time of his mar-
riage until he ceased to live ... he wore .sus-
pended from his neck by a gold chain the min-
iature portrait of his wife. — Custis' AVasiiing-
TON, vol. 1, ch. 2.
6002, . ^frs. Samuel Johnson. [He
was a man of impetn )us temper.] After her
death [he was] tenderly disposed to charge him-
self with .slight omissions and offences, the sense
of which wouid give him much uneasiness. Ac-
cordingljy we find, about a year after her decease,
that he thus addressed the Supreme Being : " O
Lord, who givest the grace of repentance, and
hearest the prayer of the penitent, grant that by
true contrition 1 may obtain forgivonea-s of all the
silts committed, and of all duties neg'octed, in
my uiuon with the wife whom thou hast taken
from me ; for the neglect of joint devotion, ])a-
tient exhortation, and mild instruction." — Bos-
WKM/s ,J(UINSON, p. 02.
600'J. -WIFE, A true. Mari/. [The two
houses of Parliament were assembled in conven-
tion to determine the best method of tilling the
vacant throne of James H. Mary, wife of tlio
Prince of Orangit, was his daughter. Her private
;hai)lain. Bishop] Burnet, thought that the im-
])ortance of the crisis justiticd him in publishing
the great secret which the i)rincess had confided
to him. He knew, he said, from Iter own lipa
that it liad loni^ been her fidl determination,
even if she came to the throne in the regular
course of descent, to surrender her power, with
the sanction of I'arliamcnt, into thcliands of lier
husband. Daiiby received from her an earnest
and almost angry rejirimand. She was, she
wrote, the prince's wif(! ; slie liad no other wish
than to be srbject to him ; the most cruel injury
that could be (lone to her woidd be to set her up
as his competi' ir ; and she never could regard
any person who took such a cour.se as her true
friend.— Macaui.ay's Eno., ch. 10, p. 595.
6004. WIFE, An unbappy. Jan^ Srj/movr.
The Parliament, with the meanest submission to
the will of the tyrant [Henry VHI.], i)as,scd sen-
tenci! of death, and Anne Bullen was removed
from the throne to the scaffold. She left by
Henry a daughter, Elizabeth, afterward queen
of England. Henry was «w^ f/^n/ publicly mar-
ried to Jane Sej'mour, who, happily for herself,
died about a year aftcrwaril. — Tyti.eu's IHst.,
]5ook 0, ch. 20, p. 302.
6005. WIFE and Vixen. Mrs. John Htch.
He incurred the greatest calamity ku'.wn to hu-
man nature. He married a vixen. The woman,
who was much older than himse'i', made his life
one horrid broil. He was one of the mildest,
kindest, most patient of men ; Init after endur-
ing some months of this degrading anguish, after
freipiently warning liis wife that if she did not
restrain her temper he would leave her, he at
last abandoned his home, his property, his wife,
his infant son, and his unborn daughter. It wa.s
a terrible hour to him. His wife, wlio liad
always laughed at his threats, followed him a
mile, crying and humbly begging him to fry her
once more. " But," he says, "my judgment
informed me that it was my duty to go, notwith-
standing thestnigglesof natvire I had to contend
with." — (;YOLorK»iA OF Bioo., p. 149.
6006. WIFE, A Warrior's. Gaita. Gaita, the
wife of Robert [Guiscard], is ])ainted by the
Greeks as a warlike Amazon, a second Pallas;
less skilful in arts, but not less terrible in arms
than the Athenian goddess ; though wounded by
an arrow, she .stood h(!r ground, and strove, by
her exhortation and example, to rally the flying
troo;' 1. Her female voice was seconded by the
more powerful voice and arm of [her husband]
the Norman duke, as calm in action as he was
magnanimous in coimsel. " Whither," he cried
aloud — "whither do ye fly ? Your enemy is im-
placable ; and death is less grievous than servi-
tude." The moment was decisive; as the Va-
rangians advanced before the line they discovered
WIFE— winp:.
715
1h(: niikcdnoHH of their flunks ; the main battle of
the duke, of 800 knights, stood firm and entire ;
they couched tlieir liinees, iind the Greeks de-
l)lore the furious and irresis'ible shock of the
French rivalry. [Tliey won the battle of I)u-
ra/Jio.] — Gihhon'h IIomk, ch. ">«, p. 473.
4I0O7. WIFE, A winning. Of WUUnm, Prince
of Oraiu/e. For a time William was a negligent
husband. He was, indeed, drawn away from
Ills wiTi! by other women, particularly by one of
her ladies, Eli/abeth Villiers, who, though des-
titute of personal attractions, and disHgured by
a hideou;H ,s(|uint, pos.sessed talents which well
fitted li.'r to partake his cares. He wa.>-, indeed,
ashamed of his errors, and spared no pains to
<:oiice,al them ; bul in spite of all his precautions,
Mary well knew that he was not strictly faithful
to li(T. Spies and tale-bearers, encouraged by
her father, did their best lo intlami" her resent-
ment. . . . JSlie, however, bore; her injuries with
a meekness and i)atience which dl^served, and
gradually obtained, William's esteem and grati-
tude. [See No. r)9!)8.] — Macai;lay's Eno.,
ch. 7, p. 100.
6008. WIFE, Worthy. Culphiirnuu [Pliny
writes to his wife's aunt :] " As I remember the
great affection which was between you and your
e.\cell'!nt brolher, antl know you love his daugh-
ter as your own, so as not only to express the
tenderness of tlu; best of aunts, bul even to sup-
ply that of the best of fathei's, I am sure it will
give you jileasiire to hear that she proves worthy
of her father, worthy of j'ou, and of your and
her ancestors. Her mgenuity is admirable ; her
frugality is e.xtraordinar}'. She loves me, the
suhjst j)ledge of her virtue ; and adds to this a
wonderful disposition to learning, wliichshe has
ne(piir(!d from her alfection to me. She reads
my writings, studies them, and even gets them
by heart. You would smile to see the concern
she is in when I have a cau.se to jilead, and the
joy she .shows when it is over. She finds means
to have the first news brought her of the; success
1 met with in court, how 1 am heard, and what
decree is made. If I recite anything in jmblic,
.she cannot refrain from placing herself privately
in some corner to hear, where, with the utmost
delight, she feasts upon my applau.ses ; .some-
times she sings my V(^r.ses, and accomiianies them
with the lute, without anj' master, except Ihe
best of instructors.
6009. WIFE, A wronged. Cdtheriae IT.
Seventeen years after her marriage with Peter
[HI.} the Empresn Elizabeth died, leaving her
Imsband the heir to the throne. It now appeared
that the imfortunate Peter, who was then wholly
governed by one of his mistresses, had resolved to
repudiate his wife as an adulteress, and to place
upon the throne the companion of his debauch-
cries. Many authors assert that Catherine had
b'jen indeed false to her husband ; but upon con-
sidering all the facts in the case, I find the prob-
abilities tend .strongly toward her exculpation,
and the best authorities agree in believing that
Peter was the veritable father of (!atherine's
children. Aware of the intention of her hus-
band, Catherine and her adherents resolved to
prevent its execution by .setting aside Peter him-
st.t'. [Next to Frederick the Great, Catherine
II. l)eaime the most renowned monarch of her
time.] — Cyclopedia of Bigg., p. 404.
6010. WINE, Charm of. Gitnh. The Gauls
happening to ta.ste of wine, which was then for
the first lime brought out of Italy, they so much
adnured the li<iuor, and were ,so "enchanted witli
this new pleasure, that they snatched up their
arms, and taking their i)areiitsidong with them,
marched to the Alps, to .seek that country
which produced .such excellent fruit, and in
comj)aris()n of which they considered all othciN
as barren and iingenial. — Pi. it.' lien's Ca.mii.-
MS.
0011. WINE, Danger in. Aiirii'titn. Tlie
ancients, who so well knew tlic^ exc(!llency of
wine, were not ignorant of the dj'ngers attending
too free an u.se of it. I need not mention the law
of Zaleucus, by which the Ei)i/,ei)hyrian Eocrians
were universally forbid the use of wiii(> upon
pain of death, except in case of sickness. The
inhabitants of iSIarseilles and >'''l'tus showed
more moderation and indulgcn' ontented
Ihcniself with prohibiting it u icn. At
Home, in the early ages, youii !ui- - of liber-
al condition were not permitit ' to iirink wine
till the age of thirty ; bul as forCc .>()nien, the
use of it was absohitely forbid to tlnni ; and the
rea.son of that jirohibition was, because' intcm-
ju'rance of that kind nnght iiidi"!' them to com-
nnt the most excessive crimes. Si icc.i complains
bitterly that this custom was almost universally
violated in his times. The weak and delicate
complexion of the women, .says be, is not
changed ; but their manners are changed, and
no longer the same. They value themselves upon
carrying excess of wine to as great an height as
the most robust men. Like them, they pass
whole nights at table, and with a full glass of
unmixed wine in their hands, they glory in vying
with them, and, if tliej can, in overcoming
them. The Emperor Domitian i)assed an edict
in relation to wine, which seemed to have a just
foundation. One year having produced abun-
dance of wine and very little corn, \w, believed
they had more occasion for tla; one; than the
other, and therefore decreed that no mon; vines
should be planted in Italy ; and that in Ihe prov-
inces at lea«l one half of the vines should be
rooted up. Philostratus expresses himself as if
the decree ordained that they sliouldall be pulled
up, at least in Asi.i. — Hom.in's Hist., Book 24,
art. 3, ^ 1.
6012. WINE, Deception in. finmud Jolin.soii.
We talked of drinking wine. Johnson : " I re-
quire wine oidy when I am alone. I have then
often wi.shed for it, and often taken it." Spot-
TiswooPE : " Wliat, by way of a companion,
sir ?" J011N.SON : "To get rid of myself, to .send
my.self away. "Wine gives great pleasure; and
every pleasure is of it.self a good. It is a good,
unless counterbalanced by evil. A man may
have a strong reason not to drink wine ; and that
may be greater than the pleasure. Wine makes
a man better jileased with him.sclf. I do not say
that it makes him more plea.sing to others. Some-
times it does. But the danger is, that whHe a
man grows better plea.sed with himself, he may
be growing less pleasing to others. Wine gives
a rnan notlung. It neither gives him knowl-
edf 3 nor wit ; it only animates a man, and en-
ables him to bring out what a dread of the com-
pany has repressed." — Boswell's Johnson,
p. 391.
71G
WINE— WITCH.
ill
(I
I
% i
60I 3. WINE defended. Samuel Johnaon. I
resolutely ventun-d to iindertiike the defence of
coiivivial induljL?ence in wine, though he was not
to-night in the moat genial humor. After urg-
ing I lie (tommon phuisihle topics, I at last had re-
cour.se to the mu.xim, in rino Veritas, a man avIio
is well warmed witli wine will speak truth.
Johnson : " Why, sir, that may be an nrgu-
nu^nt for drinking, if you sui>p()semen in gener-
al to he liars. But, .sir, I would not keep com-
pany with a fellow who lies as long as he is se-
ller, and whom you must make drunk before you
ran get ti word of truth out of him." — BoswKi.ii'B
Johnson, p. IDO.
601 'I. WINE forbidden. Womfti. Romulus
made the drinking of wine, as well as adultery,
a capital crime in women. For he said adul-
tery opens the door to all sorts of crimes, and
winc! opens the door to adultery. The severity
of this law was .softened ;n s\icceeding ages ;
the women who were overtaken in liquor were
n(/l condemned to die, but to lose their dowers. —
LAN(iH()KNK'S NOTK IN Pi.UTAUCU'h Nu.MA AND
Lvci'IKiUS.
«OI5. WISDOM, False in. ArinMlc [He
.'MUglil that tile heat of the body cooked thcfood
eaten.] The liciuelieil food utedinx up into the
licart, wlicre it is converted into blood. Nature,
he says, being a good economist, gives the best
part of the food to the noblest parts of the body ;
as masters eat the liest portions of an animal, the
slaves the inferior jmrts, and the dogs the refuse.
Since tlu^ interior of tlic body is so liot that food
is cooked merely by the natural lieat, he felt it
necessary to ex])lain w-hy the body did not get too
hot, and consume itself. This would certainly
be the ca.se, he says, if we did not continually
inhale cool air ! Breathing is the cooling proc-
ess ; and air alone, he adds, would answer the
piirjiose, because its lightness cnaliles it to pene-
trate into many parts of tlie body wliidi water
could not enter. — C'vci.opicdi.v ofBiog., p. .')(52.
601 «. WISDOM with Ignorance. Arintotlc.
He look things too much for granted. He lie-
lieved too easily. Although a writer on anat-
omy, for example, it is almost certain that lie
never examined t)ic inside of tlie human liody,
much less dissected one. Imagine a doctor of
the present day giving such an account of the
liver as the following : "Tlie liver is compact
and smooth, shining and sweet, thougli .some-
what liilter ; and the reason is, tliatthe thoughts
falling on it from tlie intellect, as on a mirror,
might terrify it 1»3' emi)loying a bitterness akin
to its nature ; and threateningly mingle tliis bit-
terness with the whole liver, so as to give it tlic
lilack color of bile ; or, when images of a differ-
ent kind are reflected sweetening its bitterness
and giving place to that part of the soul wliicii
lies near the liver, making it rest at niglit, with
the power of divination, in dreams. Although
the liver was constructed for divination, it is
only during life that its predictions are clear ;
after death its oracles become obscure, for it
becomes blind. "- C v , loi'edia of Biog. , p. 560.
6017. WISDOM, Occasionti. Samuel Johnson.
Of Dr. Goldsmitli lie said : " No man was more
foolish when he had not a pen in his liand, or
more wi.se when he liad." — Boswell's John-
son, p. 438.
60IS. WISDOM, Practical. Sofraten. After
liaving found, by liis own experience, how dilh-
ctdt, iilistru.se, and intricate, and, at the .same
time, of how little u.se that kind of learning
was to the generality of mankind, he was the
llrst, as (Mcero remarks, who conceived the
thought of bringing down i)hilosopliy from heav-
en, to place it in cities, and introduce it into
private houses ; humanizing it, if I may u.se that
expression, and rendering it more familiar, more
useful in common life, more within the reach of
man's cajiacity, and aiijilying it solelj^ to what
might make them more rational, just, and virtu-
ous. He thought it was a sort of folly to de-
vote the whole vivacity of his mind and emiiloy
all his time in in((uiries merely curious and
involved in impen(^lrable darkness, and absolute-
ly incapable of contributing to the ha])])inesa of
mankind, ^vllile he neglected to inform him.self
in the ordinary duties of life, and to learn what
is coiiformalile or opposite to iiiely, justice, and
probity ; in what forlitud(!, temperance, and
wisdom consist ; what is the end of all govern-
ment, what the rules of it, and what qualities
are necessary for c:oninianding and ruling well.
— Rom.in's'Hist. , Book i), cli. 4, ^ 1.
6010. WISDOM ridicttled. Kunotlnn Expedi-
tio)t (if AdpoliDK . The scientific men, ov xardiiK,
as they were called, had been supplied with
asses to transiiort their persons ancl jihilo.soiih-
ical apparatus. As soon as tlie body of ^Iiime
lukes was seen in tlie distance the order was
given, with military precision, " Fan/i nqiittre,
fKintiiH (iiid (iKxcn in t'lic centre." . . . The
.soldiers amused them.selves in calling the asses
denii-mnin.t. [On the march to Cairo.] — Aii-
iKirr's Natou'-on B. , vol. 1, cli. 11.
6020. WISDOM, Source of. Folhi. [It was
a .saying of Cato] that wise men learn more from
fools than fools from the wise; for tlie wise
avoid the error of fools, while fools do not jtrof-
it by tlie examiilcs of the wise — Pi.i'taiuh's
Cato tiik Censoii.
602 1 . WISHES, Kind . ' ' Better ]. ueh: ' ' [ W hen
the fallen Emperor Napoleon arrived at Elba,
the place of his exile] . . . the boatswain, in
behidf of his sliipmates, cap in hand, returned
thanks, wishing "his honor long life and liet-
ter luck iie.rt time." — Ajuuitt's Napoi.icon B.,
vol. 2, ch. 2;i
6022. WISHES, Euinous. Coretoti.wes.'i. In
solium Oriental tale I have read the fable of a
sliei)her(i who was ruined by tlie accomplish-
ment of his own wishes : he had prayed for wa-
ter ; the Ganges was turned into his grounds, and
his Hock and cottage were swe])t away by the
inundation. — Gibkon's Rome, ch. 58, p. 567.
6023. WITCH, A suspected. At Lnhreidor.
In May, 1577, ("aptain Frobisher and his men,
having first gone in .solemn procession to church
and partaken of tlie communion, .set sail, and
soon reached the s(;ene of tlieir first explora-
tions. Icebergs '"overed the sea, and continual-
ly threatened the vessel with destruction, and
they \/ere saved only by the light of the endless
northern day. Inhabitants were discovered on
the shore. One of these, " a man of large cor-
porature and good proportion," they seized and
carried off. Another, an ill-favored old woman,
they took for a devil or a witch, and actually
WITCHCIIAFT— WIT.
717
fiulh.'d ofT llie skins tliat covered lierfcef, to sen
f (licy were not cloven. — Oclopkuiaof Hiod.,
p. i]()8.
ttOai. WITCHCEAFT, Alleged. Salem. Tlio
darkest pa^re in the liistory of New England is
that wliieh bears the record of the Salem
Avitch(!raft. The same town whieh, fifty-seven
years previously, cast out Uoger Williams, was
now to hecome'tlie scene of tlu' most fatal de-
lusion of modern times. In February of ]6))2,
in the same part of Salem, afterward called
Danvers, a daughter and a niece of Samuel Par-
ris, tlu; minister, were attacked with a nervous
disorder, which rendered them partially insane.
Parris believed, or alTected to believe, that the
two girls were bewitched, and that Tituba, an
Indian maid-servant of the household, was the
author of the affection. He bad swn her per-
forming .some of the rude ceremonies of her own
religion, and this gave color to his suspicions.
He tied Tituba, and whipped the ignorant creat-
ure, until, at his own dictation, she confessed
lierself a witch. Here, no doubt, the matter
would have ended had not oilier causes exist(;d
for the continuance and spread of tlu; miserable
delu.sion. — liioi-ATii's U. S., eh. Ki, p. IHO.
602.5. WITCHCRAFT, 'Epidemic. Salem. In
the hope of saving their lives, some of the terri-
fied prisoners now began to confess themselves
witches or bewitc:hed. It was soon fovmd that a
confession was almost certain to procure libera-
tion. It became! evident that the accused were
to be put to death, not for l)eing witches or
wizards, but for denying the reality of witch-
craft. The s])ecial court was already in session ;
convictions followed fast ; the gallows stood
waiting for its victims. The truth of Mather's
preaching was to be established by hanging
whoever denied it ; and Parris was to save his
pastorate by nun-dering his rival. When the
nol)le IJorroughs mounted the scaffold he stood
compo,sedly, and repeated correctly tlie test-pray-
er, which it was said lu) wizard could utter. Tlu;
people broke into .sobs and moans, and would
have rescued th(;ir fri(;nd from death, but the ty-
rant .Mather dashed anu)ng them on horseback,
fuutlering imprecations, and drove the hangman
to his horrid work. Old Giles Cory, seeing that
convi(;tion \\ ■< certain, refused to plead, and wa.'t
'prexxiil to (hi. li. Five women were hanged in
one day. Between tho 10th of ,lune aiul 22d of
September twenty victims were hurried to their
doom. Fifty-five others jad been tortured into
the confession of abominable falsehoods. A
'lundred and fifty lay in prison awaiting their
lie. Two huiuired were accused or suspected,
..lulruin seemed to impend over New Englatui.
IJut a reaction at last set in among the people.
— HiDi'.M'ii's U. S., (;h. Hi, p. 15!.'.
6026. WITCHCEAFT, Malice in. Salem.
Parris had had a cjuarrel in his church. A part
of the congregation desired that George Hur-
roughs, a former minister, should be reinstated,
to the exclusion of Parris. Burroughs still lived
at Salem, and there was great animosity between
the partisans of the former and the present i)as-
tor. Burroughs disbelieved in witchcraft, and
oi)enly expressed his contempt for tlu; system,
llere, then, Parris found an opportunity to turn
the confession of the foolish Indian servant
against his enemies, to overwhelm his rival with
the sui)orstitions of tlu; community, and perhai«
to have him put to death. 'I'iu'n; is no doubt
whatever that the whole nuirderous .scheme
originated in the i)ersonal malice of Parris.
There were others ready (o aid him, esp(;cially
the celebrated Cotton Mather, mini.sterof Boston.
. . . To these nu'n . . ., nuist be charged tiie
full infamy of what followed. — Itini'A'rii'w U. S.,
eh. 10, p. mi.
60ar. WITCHCEAFT punished. K n ;i I a n d,
1710. Mrs. Hicks and her daughter, aged nine
years, were hanged at Huntingdon " for selling
their souls to the devil ; tormenting and ('estroy-
ing their lu'ighbors, by making them vomit pins ;
raising a storm, so that a shiji was almost lost,
by jMilling off her stockings, and making a
lather soap." — Kniuut's E.no., vol. .'>, eh. 27,
p. 480.
602S. . Salem. By the laws of
England witchcraft was ])unishable witli death.
The code of Mas.saehusetts was the .same as that
of tlu^ mother-couiUry. . . . On th(;2Istof .March
[l(i})2] the horrible i)r()ceedings began. ]\Iary
Cory was arrested, not indeed for being a witch,
but for denying the reality of witchcraft. When
brought before the church aiul court, slu; denied
all guilt, but was convicted and hurried to pris-
on. Sarah (,'loyce and Bcliccca Nurse, two
sisters, of the nu)st exemplary lives, were next
appr(;hended as witches. Tiu; only witnesses
against them were Tituba, her half-wilted Iiulian
husband, and the simph; girl Abigail Williams,
tke niece of Parris. The victims were sent to
prison protesii.ig their iinu)cen(>e. Giles Cory, a
patriarch of eiglity j'cars, was next seized ; ho
also was one of those who had opi)osed Parris.
The liulian accu.ser fell down befon; Edward
Bishoji, preteiuling to be in a tit under Sataiuc
intluence ; the sturdy farnu'r cured him in-
stantly with a soinul flogging, and said that
he could restore the rest of the afflict ed in the
same maimer. He and his wife were immedi-
at(;ly arrested and coiidemned. (jJeorge Bur-
roughs, the rival of Parris, was accused and hur-
ried to prison. And so the work went on until
seventy-five innocent ])e()|)le were locked up in
dungeons. Not a solitnry partisan of Parris or
Mather had been arrested. — Kidi'atu's U. S.,
ch. 10, p. ini.
6020. WIT, Dangerous. Claudia n the Poet.
Claudian was exjxised to the enmity of a i)ower-
ful and unforgiving courtier, whom he had jiro-
voked by the insolence of wit. He had com-
pared, ill a lively epigram, the opposite charac-
ters of two Pra'torian prefects of Itah' ; he con-
trasts the innocent reiio.se of a ])liil<)sopher, who
sometimes resigned tlu; hours of business to
slumber, perhaps to study, with the interesting
diligence of a rapacious minister, indefatigalile
in ilie pursuit of unjust or sacrilegious gain.
"How happy," continues Claudian — "how
liai)]n' uiight it be for tlu; people :f Italy, if
^lallius could be constantly awake, and if Ha-
drian would always sleep !" . . . Consulting the
dictates of prudence rather than of honor, head-
dressed, in the form of an ejiistle, a .suppliant
and humble recantation to the offended praefect.
— Giuhon's Home, ch. ;il, p. 287.
6030. WIT, Quick. Woman's. The king
[('has I.] was hard pressed by soldiers in pursuit
of him, and they sought for him all over ihe house.
718
WITNESSES— WOMAN.
If
und ill tlic kitchen, loo ; but here the j;iii in tlie
Ititciien liiu'W him, for indeed he was tliere ; and
as they eutenul lie loolied witli trepidation round
liiiii, perliaps ;:;ivinj^ u|)all for lost now ; but the
cook hit him a smart rap with the basting ladle,
exclaiminjj, " Now, then, jjo on with thy work ;
what art thou lookinu; about for '!" And the
niano'uvrc! wa.setT(!etual, and the soldiers started
on another track. — IIood'h Oiiomwhi,!,, ch. i;J,
p. 173.
60;il. WITNESSES, Abuse of. C/u\f JuMlce
Jeffreys. One witness named Dunne, partly from
concern for Lady Alice, and partly from fright
at the threats and maledictions of the chief-jus-
tice, entirely lost his ln'ad, and at last stood silent.
" Oh, how hard the truth is," said .Jelfreys, " to
come out of a lying Presbyterian knave !" The
witness, aft<!ra pau.se of some minutes, stammer-
ed a few uniiK^aning words. " Was tlieie ever,"
exclaimed the judge, with an oath — "was there
ever such a villain on the face of the earth V Dost
thou believe that there is a Clod V Dost thou be-
lieve in hell fire ? Of all the witnes.ses tliat I
ever met with, I never saw thy fellow." Still the
poor man, scared out of his .sen.ses, remained
mute, and again Jelfreys burst forth : " I hope,
gentlemen of the jury, that you take notice of
the horrible! carriage of this fellow. How can
one help abhorring both tlie.se men and their re-
ligion ? A Turk is a .saint to such a fellow as
this. A pagan would be ashamed of such vil-
lainy. Oh, blessed Jesus ! What a generation
of vipers do we live among!" "I cannot t^ll
what to .say, my lord," faltered Dunne. The
judge again broke forth into a volley of oaths.
" Was tiiere ever," he cried, " such an impudent
ra.scal ? Hold the caiUiiC to him, that we may
skxi his brazen face. You, gentlemen, that are
of counsel for the Orown, see that an information
fi)r perjury be ])referred against this fellow." —
Macaulay's Eno., cb. 5, p. 594.
6032. WITNESS, A false. "Dick" Talbot.
A plea was wanted which might justify the
[James II.] Duke of York in breaking that
promi.se of marriage by which he had obtained
from Anne Hyde the last jjroof of female alTec-
tion. Such a i)lea Talbot, in concert with some
of his dissolute companions, undertook to fur-
nish. He aflirmeil that he had triumphed over
till! young lady's virtue, made up a long romances
about the interviews with which she had in-
dulgetl him, and related bow, in one of his
.secret visits to her, he had unluckily overturned
the chancellor's inkstand upon a jiile of i)apers,
and how cleverly she had averted a discovery
by laying thy blame of the accident on lier mon-
key. Tlu.'se stories, which, if they liad been
true, would never have passed the lips of any
but the ba.sest of mankind, were pure inven-
tions. Talbot was soon forced to own that they
were so, and he owned it without a blush. — Ma-
caulay's En<}., ch. 6, p. 4.').
60.t:i. WITNESSES, False. licign of Charles IL
[After Titus Oates, tlu; Jionored impo.stor, came
many imitators.] A wretch named Carstairs,
who had earned a living in Scotland by going
dLsgui.sed to conventicles and then informing
against the preachers, led the way. Bedloe,
a noted swindler, followed ; and soon, from all
the brothels, gambling-houses, and sponging-
hou.ses of London, false witnesses poured forth
to swear away the lives of Ilonian Catholics. One
came with a story about an army of UO.tKMJ men
who were to muster in \\\v. disgui.se of pilgrims
at (tormina, ami to. sail thence to Wales. Another
had been ])roini.sed canonization and £500 to
murder the king. A third had stepped into an
eating-hou.se in ('ov<;nt Oarden, and had tlieni
heard a great Roman (.'atholic banker vow, in
the hearing of all the guests and drawers, to kill
the h(!relical tyrant. Oates, that he might not
be eclipsed by his imitators, soon added a largt;
supplement to bis original narrative. He had
the portciutous impudence to allirin, among other
tilings, that he had once stood behind a door
which was ajar, and had there overheard the
((ueen declare that she liad resolved to give her
consent to the as.sa.ssi nation of her husband. The
vulgar believed, and the highest magistrates pre-
t(Midedto believe, even such fictions as thi'9<'. —
.MACAtii.AY's E\(i., ch. 2. ;;. 223.
603'l. WITA'ESR of the Spirit. Susannah Wes-
lei/, John Wesley's molher had ran-ly heard of
the present conscious f;;rgivene.ss of sins, or the
witness of tin; spirit, much less that it was the
common privilege of true believers. " There-
fore," she said, " I never dursc ask it for myself.
]5ut two or three wen'.::; a'/n, while my son Hall,
in delivering the cup io me, was jironouncing
these words, ' The olood of our Lord .Fesiis
Christ, wliicli was gi\cn for thee,' they struck
through my heart, and I knew that God, for
Christ's si.ke, had forgiven me all iiii/ sins."
Wesley asked her whether her father (Dr. An-
nesley) had not the saiiKs faith, and if she had
not heard him preach it to others. She answered
he had it himself, and declared, a little iK'fore
his death, that for more than forty years he had
no darkness, no fear, no doubt at all of his lieing
"accepted in the Ik-loved." — Stevens' Metii-
omsM, vol. 1, p. 1^.1.
6035. WITNESSING for Christ. Primitii-e
ChrixtuDis. [Among the early Christians it] be-
came the most sa(.-red duty of a new convert to
diffuse among his friends and relations the ines-
timable blessing which he had received, and to
warn them against a refusal that wouki be
severely punislied as a criminal disobedience to
the will of a benevolent but all-powerful D<. j.
— Giubon's Rome, ch. 6r», p. TAA.
6036. WI'VES, Market for. Jamestown Colony.
Sixty were actually despatched, maids of vir-
tuous education, young, handsome, and well rec-
commended. The price; rose from one hundred
and twenty to one hundred and fifty pounds of
tobacco, and even more ; ... the debt for a wife
took precedence of any other. — Bancuoi-'t's
Hist, ok U. S., vol. 1, ch. 4.
6037. WIVES, Survival of. Whhnrer. .lerom
saw at Rome a triiimphant husband bury lii.s
twenty-first wife, who had interred twenty-two
of his less sturdy predecessors. — Note in Gin-
hon's Ro.me, ch. 44, j). 1349.
603§. WOMAN, Adventurous. Enf/af/cinent.
When Philip Henry was .settled at Wortlien.
bury he sought the hand of the only daughter
and heiress of Mr. ^latthews, of Broad Oak.
The father demurred, saying that though Mr.
Henry was an excellent preaciher and a gentle
man, yet he did not know from whence li«
came. "True," said the daughter; "but I
WOMAN.
1'.'
know where he iH^oJug, nnd I should like to go
with him."
0030. WOMAN, Adventuroai. I'upe Joan.
Between tiie poiililicateof Leo IV., wiio died in
the yejir 85,'), and tliiit of IJcnediet III., wlio
W!W elected in 85H, a certain woman, wlio had
the address to disg\iise lier.se.x for a oonsidenible
time, is said, by learning, genius, and great ad-
dre.s8, to have made her way to the papal chair,
and to have governed the ciiurch for two years,
till her holiness was lui fortunately detected by
bearing ft child in the nudslof a religious proces-
sion. This real or fabulous personage is known
by the title of Pope Joan. During live centuries
thiscvent was generally believed, and a vast num-
ber of writers boro testimony to its truth ; nor
until the i)eriod of the reformation of Luther was
it considered by any as either inc^redible in itself
or ignominio>is to the Church. But in the seven-
teenth century the existence of this female pon-
tiir became the subject of a keen and learned con-
troversy between tlie Protestants and the Catho-
lics, the former supporting tlu; trutii of the fact,
and the latter endeavoring to invalidate the (!vi-
dence on which it rests. Alosheim, a very learntMl
and acute writer, steers a middle cour.se ; and
though he is disposed to doubt the many absurd
and ridiculous circumstances with wliich the
story has been embellished, for the ])urpo.se of
throwing ridicule on the lu^ad of the Konnsh
church, yet is inclined to think that it is not
wholly without foundation. Gibbon treats the
story lus a mere fable. — Tytleks Hist., Book 6,
ch. 4, p. 94.
6040. WOMAN, Ambitious. Princess Soph lit.
The czar Ale.xis Alichaelowitz, who tirst intro-
duced a regular system of laws among the Rus-
sians, pavecl the way for that civilization which
his son Peter afterward accomplished. Ale.xis
left three sons, Phiedor, Ivan, and Peter [the
Great], and a daughter Sophia. Phtedor succeed-
ed his father, but died young in the year 1682,
leaving the crown to his youngest brother, Peter,
tlien oidy two years of age, \i\ exclusion of the
elder Ivan, a man of no capacity ; but the Prin-
cess Sophia had that capacity which her brother
wanted. She committed some dreadful excesses
to obtain the government of the empire, and car-
ried the point so as to cause herself to be a.s.so-
ciated with her brothers in the regency ; but this
did not satisfy her. She aimed at an exclusive
possession of the sovereignty, and for that pur-
pose formed a conspiracy against the life of
Peter, which terminated in her own ruin. The
young Peter .as.sembled some troops, severely
punished the conspirators, confined Sophia in a
monastery, and leaving only an cnijjty title to
his brother Ivan, made himself master of the
empire in the year 1089. — Tytlku's Hist.,
Book 6, ch. 85, p. 474.
OOJ I . WOMAN, Avaricious. Wife of James IT.
SThe rebellion of the Duke of Monmouth filled
effreys' courts with victims.] It could [not] be
shown that, in the season of her [Clary's] great-
ness, she saved, or even tried to save, one single
victim from the mo.st frightful proscription tliat
England has ever seen. Unhappily, the only re-
quest that siie is known to have preferred touch-
ing the rebels was that a hundred of those who
were sentenced to transportation might be given
to her. The profit which she cleared on the car-
go, after making large allowance for those who
died of hung(!r and fever during tlie pa.s.sage, can-
not be estimated at less than a thousand guineas.
We cannot wonder that her attendants should
have imitated her unprincely greediness and her
unwomanly cruelty. — Mac.\1'i,.\y's Eno., ch. o.
p. 606.
6042. WOMAN, Bravery of. Jane deMontfort.
The defence of the castle of llennebon by .Jane
(leMontfort, duriHgthecaiHivity of her husband,
is one of the most interesting episodes of the
wars in which England was engaged. The his-
torian and the artist have delighted to exhibit the
heroic duchess, . . . with "the courage of a nuui
and the heart of a lion," .showing to th(! i)eople
of Kennes her infant boy, and .sayin;j, " See here
my little son, who shall be the n.'storer of his fa-
ther ;". . . at the last extremity looking down
along the .sea, out of a window in the castle, and
crying aloud, snnling for great joy, " 1 see the
succorsof England conung !" — Kmout's K.Nci.,
vol. 1, ch. 29, p. 45,-).
6043. . WifeofWilliaw Purffoi/.
[In 1042, at the beginning of the civil war. the
wife of William Ptn-efoy, a member of the
House of Conmions, defended her hous(^ against
Prince Bupertand four himdred Cavaliers.] The
little garri.son consisted of the brave lady and
her two daughters, her son-in-law, eight male
servants, and a few females. They had twelve
nuiskets, which the women loaded as Hk; men
dis(;harged them from the windows. The out-
buildings were set on fire, and the luiuse would
have been burnt, had not the lady gone forth
and claimed the protection of the Cavaliers.
[Prince] Rupert respected her courage, and
would not sutler her property to be plundered.
Slier home was in the north of Warwickshire,
ler husband was absent.] — Knioht's Eno,,
vol, 4, ch, 1, p. 1.
60I4. WOMAN, Charity of. La'ta. '[During
the invasion of the Barbarians Rome] gradually
experienced the distress of scarcity, and at length
the horrid calamities of famine. The daily al-
lowance of thrie [lounds of bread was reduced
to one half, to one third, to nothing ; and the
price of corn still continued to rise in a rapid
and extravagant jiroportion. The poorer citi-
zens, who were unable to purcha.se the neccBsa-
ries of life, solicited the ])recari<)uscliarity of the
rich ; and for a while the jiublic misery was al-
leviated by the humanity of L;eta, the widow of
the Emperor Gratian, who had fixed her residence
at Rome, iuid consecrated to the u.se of the indi-
gent the jirincel}' revenue which she annually re
ceived from the grateful successors of her hus-
band. — Giniio.N's Ro.Mio, ch. 31, p. 209.
60<I5. WOMAN, Compassion of. i\Vro'«iV«/.'»(.s,
As Robesi)ierre was lamented by his lantllady,
so even Nero was tenderly buried by two nurses
who had known him in the exquisite beauty
of his engaging childhood, and by Acte, who
liad inspired his youth witli a gemdne love. —
Paiiraus Eaui.v Days, ch. 4, p. 44.
6040. WOMAN, Converts by. Clotilda. Clovis.
the Merovingian prince, had contracted a fortu-
nate alliance with the fair Clotilda, the niece of
theKingof Burgundy, who , . . was educated in
the profession of the Catholic faith. It was her in-
terest, as well as her duty, to achieve the conver-
r^o
WOMAN.
lii
Hion of a pagan husband ; and CIovIh insensibly
lislcncil to the voice of love and reli;!;ion. He
<'onsented . . . to tbe l)H])tisni of ids eldest son ;and
thcMigli the sudden death of tiie infant excited
some superstitious fears, lie was ptirsuaded, a
.second time, to repent the dan/jjerous experiment.
In tlu! distress of the iMiltle of Tolbiat; C'lovis
loudly invoked the God of Clotilda and the
Christians ; and vi<'tory disposed him to hear,
with resjiectful ,u;ratitude, theehxiuent Remiyius,
Hishoi) of lih(!ims, who forcibly displayed the
temi)oral and spiritual advanlatjes of his conver-
sion. The kinjij (h-dared himself satisfied of Ww,
truth of the Catholic faith ; and tlu; political
reasons which mi^lit have suspended bis jmblic
jirofession were removed l)y tlu; devout or loyal
acclamations of the Franks, who showed them-
selves alike pre|)ared to follow their heroic leader
to the tield of battle or to the baptismal font.—
Gihho.n'w Romk, cli. ;}8, p. 574.
OOir. WOMAN at Court. Im(Ii/ ILtmilton.
fW'hen Nelson souicht water and provisions for
lis tleet ill Sicily. J the \eMi>i)litaii ministry, dread-
injf to ofTeiid the French Directory, rclused the
supplies which he recpiircd before lie apiin start-
ed in pursuit of the tleet [of Bonaparte], Sir
William Hamilton was[En!jlish] minister at Na-
l)les ; his wife was the favorite with the Queen of
-Na])les, and one of the most attractive of the
Indies of that luxurious court. Nelson had sli^jht
actiuaintance with Ijady Hamilton, and u])()n his
repre.sentations of the urjj;ent necessity for vic-
tu.allinj^ his tleet, secret instructions were jfiven
that he should be su]iplied with all that lie re-
fpiireil. [Nelson afterward ur^jfcd her claims upon
the national /Lfratilude, because the success of
his biilliant action of the Nile was owini? to her,
as he must otherwise have i^one to (Jibrallar to
retit, and tlie enemy would have escaped.] —
Knioht's Exa., vol. 6, ch. 20, p. 35.'").
60.|§. "VrOMAN, Cruelty of. Pan/satis. [She
was the mother of the murdered Cyrus. A
Cariaii soldier l)()asted that he had killed Cyrus.]
Animated by a barbarous s])irit of veniieancc, she
commanded tlir executioners to take that unfor-
tunate wretch, and to make him suffer the m( st
exquisite tortures during ten days ; then after
they had torn out his eyes, to jiour melted bras*
into his ears, till he expirecl in that cruel agony ;
which was accordingly executed, [^[essabates,
the eunuch, had, by the king'.s order, cut olT tlie
liand and head of Cyrus.] Assoon as she got him
into her hands, before the king could liav^e the
least suspicion of the reveng(' she meditated, she
delivered him to the executioners, and command-
ed tliem to tlay him alive, to lay him afterward
upon three cross-bars, anil to stretch his skin, be-
fore his eyes upon stakes prepared for that jmr-
pose ; which was performed accordingly. — Koi,-
lin's Hist., Book 9, ch. 2, § 7.
6010. WOMAN a Custodian. Of .Win. [When
Fabius Maximus commanded the Roman army
against Hannibal.] One day hisolttcers informell
liim that one of his courtiers . . . often cpiitted
his post, and rambled out of the camp. Upim
this report, he asked what kind of a man he
was in other respects ; and they all declared it
was not easy to find so good a soldier, doing
him the justice to mention several extraordinary
instances of his valor. On inipiiring into the
cause of this irregularity, he found that the man
was passionately in love, and that, for the saka
of .seeing a young woman, hv venturcul out of
thecanii), and tooka long and dangerous journey
every night. Hereupon P'abius gave orders to
some of his men to tind out the woman, and
convey her into his own tent, but took care that
the Lucanian should not know it. Then he sent
for him, and taking him aside, s|)oke to him lus
follows : " 1 very well know that you liave lain
many nights out of the camp, in breach of the
Roman discipline and laws ; at the same lime, I
am not ignorant of your past services. In con-
sideration of them, 1 forgive your present crime ;
but for the future I will give you in charge to
a person who shall be; answerable foV you."
While the soldier stood much amazed, I'abius
produced the woman, and jmtting her in his
liands, thus expressed himself: "This is the
person who engages for you that you will re-
main in camp ; and now we shall see whether
there was not some traitorous design which drew
you out, and which you made the love of this
woman a cloak for." — Plutahcii's Faiiius
Maximus.
6050. WOMAN, Dangerous. Cleopatra. He
cited Cleopatra before him, to answer for the
conduct of her governors, and sent one of his
lieutenants to oblig'.; her to come to him in (Mli-
cia, whither he waii going to assemble the States
of that i)roviiice. That step was, from its conse-
quencres, very fatal to Antony, and completed his
ruin. His love for Cli.'Oi)atra having awakened
passions in him til! tlivn concealed or a.sleep, in-
ilamed them even to madness, and finally dead-
ened and extinguislied the few sparks ot honor
and virtue which he might perhaps still retain.
Cleopatra, assured of her charms by the jiroof
she had already .so suc(H'ssfully made of them
upon Julius Ca'sar, was in hopes that she could
also very easily captivate Antony. . . . Never
was ('(piipage more sjilendid and magniticent
than hers. The .stern of her ship flamed with
gold, the .sails were purple, and the oars inlaid
with silver. A jjavilion of cloth of gold was
raised upon the deck, under which api)earedthe
queen, robed like Venus, and surrounded with
tlie most beautiful virgins of luir court, of whom
some represcjnted the Nereides, and others the
Graces. Instead of trumpets were heard flutes,
i hautboys, harps, and other such instruments of
music, "warbling the softest airs, to which the
oars kept time, and rendered the harmony more
agreeable. Perfumes were burning on the deck,
wliich spread their odors to a great distance
upon the river. — Rollin's Hist., Book 24,
0051. WOMAN, Device of. Ariadne. Andro-
gens being treacherously slain in Attica, a very
fatal war was carried on against that country by
Minos, and divine vengeance laid it waste ; for
it was visited by famine and pestilence, and
want of water increa.sed their misery. The
remedy that Apollo proposed was, that they
should appease Minos, and l)e reconciled to him,
wli(!reu])on the wrath of Heaven would cease,
and their calamities come to a period. In conse-
quence of this, they sent ambassadors with tlunr
submission, and . . . (engaged themselves by
treaty to send every ninth year a tribute of seven
young men and as many virgins. When these
were brought into Crete, the fabulous account
mm
WOMAN.
TZl
Informs us tlmt they were destroyed by tlw;
Minotmir in tlu; Liibyrintli, or tlmt, lost in its
iniizeH, iiiid iiiiiiblo to find the way out, they
perished tiiere. The Miiiotiiur was, I'ls Euripides
tells us,
A mingled form, i)rodl;^iou8 to behold,
Hiilf bull, Imlf limn I
When the time of tli(( third tribute! came, . . .
Theseus, who, to express his re;;!ird for justice?,
and take his share in the common fortune, vol-
untarily olfered himscilf as one of the seven,
without lot. [The conditions on wlii('h the
tribute would bt; remitted were these :J Tlmt the
Athenians should furnish a vcs.sel, and theyounif
men embark and .sail alonif with him, but carry
no arms ; and that if they <'ould kill the Mino-
taur, then; should be an end of the tribute.
There appearinj; no hopes of safety for IIk;
youths in the two former tributes, they sent out
a ship with a black sail, as carrying them to cer-
tain ruin. Hut when Theseus encouraj^erd his
father by his conlidence of success aj^aiiist the;
Minotaur he f^ave another sail, ii white one, to
the ])ilot. orderiiif^ him, if he broiiLtht Theseus
safe ba(;k, to hoist the white ; but if not to sail
with the black one in token of his misfortune.
. . . When he arrivetd in Crete, accordin;^ to
mo.st liistorians and 'ptxits, Ariachu!, falling in
love with him, gave him a clew of thread, and
instructed him how to pass with it through tlu;
intri(,'aeies of the labyrinth. Thus assisted, Ik;
killed the Minotaur, and then set sail, carrying
off Ariadiui, together with the young men. —
PlyUT.VIlCU's O.vius Mmumi's.
0052. WOMAN, Dominion of. Janu-D If. [His
favorite; mistress was Sarah Jennings.] Among
the gallants who sued for her favdr, Churchill
[afterward Duke of Marlborough], young, hand-
some, graceful, insinuating, eloepient, and brave,
obtained the preference. He must have been
enamored indeeid ; for he had little jiroperty, ex-
cept the annuity which lie had bought with the
infamous wages bestowed on him b}* the IJuchess
of Cleveland ; he was in.satial)le of riches ;
Sarali was poor ; and a plain girl with a large
fortune was proi)osed to him. His love, after a
struggle, pri'vailed over his avarice ; marriage;
only strengtheneel his |)assie)n ; aiiel to the last
hour of his life Sarah enje)ye'el tiie pleasure anel
elistinctie)n of be'ing the e)ne human being wlie)
was able te) misleael that far-sighteel anel sure-
footeei juelgment, who was fervently loveel by
that cole! he;art, anel wIk) was servilely feareii liy
that intre'pid spirit. [Se'c No. 6077.J — Macau-
lay's Exei., ch. 7, p. 287.
605». WOMAN, Energetic. WaKhinrjton's
Mother. He was brought up in a very barely,
sen.sible manner, e)n an enornu)us farm, ne)t a
fourth part of whicli was cultivated. His father
dying when he was e'leven years olel, he came
directly under the intiuencc of his mother, who
was one of the we)men of whom people say,
" There is ne) nonsense abetut her." She was a
phun, illiterate, energetic, strong-willcel laelj',
perfectly capable e)f conducting the alfairs of a
farm, anel .scorning the help of others. — Cyclo-
pedia OF Bigg., p. 11.
0054. WOMAN, Executive. Motlier of Wash-
ington. To the pressing entreaties of her son
of her old age, the matron replied : " I thank
you for ye)ur atTee'tie)iiate', elutiful e)(T('rs, but my
wants are? fe-w in this we)rlel, anel I IVcl perlVe'tly
e'e)mpe'te'nt te) take e'areM)f myse'if. " Lpein her
sem-in law, Cole)iiel Eie'liling- Le-wis, pre)pe)sing
that he she)ulei relieve her in the' elire'ctiem e)f her
[farm] alTairs, she e>bserve'el ; " I)e)yeiu, Fie'lel-
uig, keep my l)e)oks in e)nle'r, feir yenir e'ye'sight
is better than niiiu!, but le'ave' the exeemtive
management te) ine." — Cisris' Wasiiinoton,
ve>l. 1, e'h. 1.
0055. WOMAN, Extraordinary. '/Aunhia. [Ze -
ne)bia was the! ce'le!biate'el C^ue'e'ii e)! I'almyra
anel the East.) Meiele-rn Euie)|)e' has preieluce'el
several illustrie)us wejiiu-ii wlu) have' sustaiiu'el
with glory the we'ight e)f empire ; iie)ris e)ure)wn
age! elejstitute e)f sneli elistinguisluMl e'haraclcrs.
But if we exe'e'pt the' elejublfui ae'liie've'iiie'iits e)f
Semiraniis, Zeiie)l)ia is perhaps tlw emly IViiiale
whe)se sin)e'rie)r ge'iiins bre)ke! through the' seTvile
inelolene^e iini)e)se'el e)n he'r .se'X by the' elimate' iiiiil
manne'i-s e)f Asia. She' e'laiiiu'el he>r eh'se'e'iit fieiin
the Mae'celonian kings e)f Egypt, e'ejualle'd in
beauty her ane'e'ste)r ( 'h'opatra, anel far surjiasse'el
that priiie'e!.ss ine'hastity anel valeir. Zi'iieihia was
estee'incel the! most Ie)ve'l3' as we'll as tlic iiieist
here)ic e)f her sex. She' was oi a el;irk ce)in-
plexie)n. Heir te'e'th were e)f a jie'arly while'iiess,
anel her large blae'k e'yes sparkle'el wilii uiie'om-
me)ii tire', te-mpe're'el by the! ine)st atlrae'tive' swe'e't-
iie'.sa. lle!r voie'e was slremg anel lianiionieiiis.
Her manly unele'rstaneiing was strengthe'iie'el aiiei
aelejriie'el by stueiy. She' was iieit ignorant of the
Latin te)ngue', but ])osse'sse'el in e'e(Ual pe'rice'tie)n
tlu! Gre'ck, the Syriae', and the' Egyptian lan-
guages. She' liael elriiwn up I'or lieT own use- an
epite)ince)f Oriental history, anel fMiiiiiiariy ee)m-
pare'el the be'autie's e)f HeiiiU'r einel Plato uiieler
the tuition e)f the sublinie Lonuiniis. — (JiiiitoN,
ch. 11, p. :5r)().
0050. WOMAN, A ferocious. Hind. [After
one e)f Mahemu't's b.'itlh's. | The' fere)cie)us he're)-
iiie, Hinel, .seaight the lie)ely e)f llam/.a, the' mur-
elerer of her fatlu'r, wliei was slain in turn by the
arre)w of the! negre) slave AValichi. She elis-
ce)vers it, rushes uiion the e'iire'ass, lays f)pen the'
siele' with a sabre' blow, iijue'ks e)ul the heart, anel
tears it with Iwr te'etli. Tlu'ii, taking fremi her
e)wn iH'e'k and arms the brae'e'k'ts anel ne'ckiaces
that adonieel tlu'in, she' gi-tcs tlu'in te) the' l)lae'k
slave, and substitute's thci.i with a nee'klaee anel
brae'clets inaele e)f the e'ars e)f the eleael enemy. —
LaMAKTINK'S TlUKKV, p. lUi.
0057. WOMAN, Firmness of. Theodorn. [A
rel)ellie)ii bre)ke e)ut in Ce)nstantiiH)iile, anel the
Emperor] .Justinian was le)st if [his wif,'] the
pre)stitute whe)m he raise'el fre)m the theatre' liael
ne)t renounceel the tiniielity as well as the' virtues
e)f her sex. In the luidsi e)f a ce)uncil, where
Heli.sariuswas pre'senl, Tlieoele)ra alone elisplayed
the spirit of a hero ;.:ind she alone, without ap-
pre'hending his future hatred, coulel save the
eiiii)eror fre)m the i.nniinent danger and his un-
we)rthy fears. "If flight," said the con.sort of
Justinian, "were the only means of .safety, yet
I ,she)ulel elisdain to l1y. Death is the ce)nelition
of our birth ; but they who have reigned she)uld
never survive the loss of dignity and dominion.
I implore Heaven that I may never be seen, not
a day, without my eliadem and purples; that I
that she would make Mount Vernon the home I may no longer behe)lel the light wlien I cease to
722
WOMAN.
(I
!l
I
ho Hnlutnd with Mir name of rpioon. If you w-
s<ilv(', O CiUHur ! lo tly, you liuvo treasures ; lie-
hold lliR Hea, you have .ship.s ; hut treiuhle lest
lh(> (lesire of life shouhl expose you lo wretched
exile and iKiioininiouH (hatli. For my own ]>art,
I adhere to the maxim of anli(iuily, that the
throne is a Kh>rious Kepulehre." The llrmne.Hs
of a woman restored the couraije to (leliherat(!
and act, and couraK*' Moon discovers the re-
*iourci'.s of tilt! most des|)erato Hituation. — Oiii-
itoNH lloMK, ch. 10, J). (i;t.
605N. WOMAN forgotten. JA/vi. Sum ml
AilaniH. Samuel Adams tnarried younj;;, and
while he devoted himself to politics, it was
chicfHy the industry and economy of his wifo
that supi)ort«Ml the family. And yet this j^ood
nnd true wife, to whom not merely her hushand,
hut the comnuinitv, su,o(I Ki'<'"illy indehted, ha.s
attracted so lillle \\w. notice of hioi^raphers, that
we are unahli^ to ujive even her name. — " S.\m-
i 1,1, Ad.vmh," AMiiiiK vn Cvci.oriODtA.
<M>50. WOMAN, The greatest. Sitjiohon T.
.Miidamode HtaCl challen|(ed me, in themidstof
a numerous ('ircle, to tell her who was tlu;
j?n>ate.st woman in the world. I looked at her
and coldly replied, " She, madame, who has
l)ora(! the prealest numhcr of children."— Ai»-
bott'h Nai'oi.ico.n M., vol. 1, ch. !{.*).
0060. WOMAN, Helpful. Imbvlln. The idea
of reachinj^ tlu! Indies liy cro.ssing the Atlantic
had already posses.sed hiin [Columhus|. For
more than ten years the jioor enthusiast was a hejj-
gar, goinj^ from court to court, cxplaininji; todull
monarchs and higoted monks the figure of tlw;
earth and the ea.se with which the rich island of
the East might he reached hy sailing westward.
He found one appreciative lisleiu'r, afterward his
constant and faithful friend, the nohh! and
sympathetic Isahella, Queen of Castile. He it
never forgotten that to tlic! faith and insight
and decision of a woman the final success of ('o-
lumbus must be attributed. — Kidpath's U. S,,
ch. 3, p. 55.
6061. WOMAN honored. Tomb. The Taj
. . . [in India], said to he the most beautiful
building in the world, . . . was built .'is a tomb
by the emperor Shah Jehar . . . for his wife,
whom he loved with an idolatrous affection.
He had promised her on her death-bed to erect
to her memory such a mausoleum as the world
had never before seen. He kept his word. . . .
It cost, it is stated, exclu.sivc of labor, $15,-
000,000. To-day, with paid labor, it would cost
$50,000,000. In this country [America] it could
not have been built for jirobably twice this sum.
— General Grant's Tkavki.s, p. 300.
6062. WOMAN, An indiscreet. Frances Jen-
ninijH. Frances had been distinguished by
beauty and levity even among the crowd of
beautiful faces and light characters which
adorned and disgraced Whitehall during the
wild carnival of the Restoration. On one occa-
sion Frances dr&ssed herself like an orange girl,
and cried fruit about the streets. Sober peojile
predicted that a girl of so little discretion and
delicacy would not easily find a hushand. [She
was, however, twice married, and was now the
wife of Tyrconnel. She was the sister of Sarali,
tlic favorite mistress of James II.] — Macau-
i.AY's Eng., ch. 3, p. 230.
606:i. WOMAN, Infamous. Lady ('nMlfvmine.
Lord CastlemaiiK! . . , was, indeed, well ac-
(luainted with Uome, and was, for a lavman,
deeply read in thcdlngical controversy. Hut ho
had none of the address which his post re(|uired
[as English ininister|, and even had he been a
di|iloniatist of the great<'st abilitv, there wiw a
circumstance which would have drs(|ualit1ed hiui
for tlu! jiarticidar mission on which he had been
sc'ut. ll(! was known all over Eurojie a.s the
hushand of the most shameless of women, and
1 he was known in no other way. — Macaui.ay'h
En(i., ch, 7, ]). 215,
6061. , }f(mtlinit. Mes.salina,
also, th(! vicious and abandoned wife of Claudi-
us, urged him on to various acts of injustice
and<;rueltv. 'I'his woman was infamous for all
manner of vices. Her debaucheries, which were
(|uite notorious in Kome, exceed all belief ; Imt,
what is the most sur|)rising part of her character,
she had the address to |iass with Claudius as a
paragon of virtue. She at length, however,
proceeded to that height of elTidiitery, that dur-
ing a short absence of Claudius she publicly
married Caius Siliiis, and ujion the emjieror's re-
turn made him, hy way of jest, to sign the mar-
riage contract. Narci.ssus, his freedman, soon
made him .sensible that tlu! matter was loo.seriou.i,
by informing him that the jx'oiileno longer look-
ed upon him as emjieror. llterly unabledo act
for himself, he now entreated that Is'ar ' (sua
would take any steps Ik; judged best for h.-, in-
terest, and his favoril(!, thus invested with au-
thority, imnu'diat(!ly .secured the I'rietorian
guards, and caused Messalina and Silius, her
gallant, to he jiut to death. — Tvti.eu'h Hist.,
Hook 5, ch. 1, p. 480.
6065. . Cleopiilvd. Whata mon.stcr
was this princess ! Tlu; mo.st odious of vices were
united in her jier.son ; an avowed disregard of
modesty, breach of faith, injustice, cruelty, and,
what (Towns all tlu^ rest, the false exIiTiorof a
deceitful friendship, which covers alixed design
of delivering up to his enemy the jx'rson she
loads with the most tender cares.ses and with
marks of the warmest and most sincere attach-
ment. Such are the elTects of ambition, which
was her predominant vice. — lioi.MN's Hist.,
l}ook 24, t^ 3.
6066. . ('i(thi(vii)e do' Medici.
Catharine, Hnding herself in direct collision with
the admiral [Coligny], whose paramoimt credit
with the king threatened her with a total lo.sa of
jiower, finally resolved on his destruction. No
doubt the idea of this crime had often been sug-
gested to her mind before ; it had now become a
neces.sity ; and she executed it with a cool deter-
mination, combined with jNIachiavelian subtlety,
which will transmit hernanuifo posterity brand-
ed witli ]H!Culiar and indelible infamy. I ler chief
confidants were her .son, the Duke of Anjou (af-
terward Henry III.), the Duke of Guise, the Mar-
shal de Tavannes, the Count de Uetz, and the
I)id?e of Xevcrs. It was arranged that the admi-
ral should be a.s.sa.ssinated bv some known retain-
er of the Guises ; this woulA almost certainly pro-
duce an insurrection of the Huguenots to avenge
the death of their h-ader ; the populace of Paris
was then to be inst ed to rise in defence of th«
Guises ; and the wei.Ker party was to be crush-
ed and exterminated by a wholesale massacre.
H
WOMAN.
Tin
HucJi w.'ix tliOMcliciiH' of thcHt; diulioliciil (roimpir-
iilorH. — HrrKKNTH' Fiian<k, di. HI, 5^ 10.
6007. WOMAN, Infatuated by. Iloman Afark
AnUnty. Aiilony, . . . iiitdxiciilt'd with Kant-
<-rti luxury iiixl uctimiclu'ry, was daily Hinkiii;;
ill tlic cslt-cin of iiis army. In tiu; inadni.'.ss
of ids piiM.sioii for CUtopalra, lie iiad proclaiiiUMl
licr (pi('«Mi of Kk.vI'I. ('ypru.f, Africa, and C<i'lo-
>Syria, an<i laviHlicd Idn^doiiiM and provinccH on
tlic ddldrcn tiiat wcro tins fruit of lier various
aniourH. . . . Th(! iniprudcnl incaHuro iio
now t(X)li in divorcinj? Ids wife Octavia, tlio
sister of ids ('(dleaguc, was a justiilabic! causo
for their coniiiif? to an open rui)liirc, and aj)-
pealinj,' to tlie sword to dtu'ide their claim to
undivided sovereignty of tlu; empire. Oelavi-
us had loreseen tlds issue, and made formida-
ble preparations, widcli Antony had supinely
nej?le(;t(i(l. lie trust" I chielly to his fleet, and
wiw iMirsuaded by Cleopatra to rest tlie forturw!
of the war on a naval enpif^ement, wlucli was
fou^'lit near A('tiuni in Epirus. In the heat of
tlie battle, which was maintained for some time
with equal spirit, (."l(!oi)atra, with her Ej^yptian
armament of sixty ;,'alleys, took to flight, and,
what is s<;arcely contHjivabie, s\ich was tlie in-
fatuation of Antony, that lie followed her, leav-
ing his fleet to light for tliem.selves. — Tytlkk's
II18T., Book 4, eh. 'A, p. 420.
60Ǥ. WOMAN, An iiyured. Wife of Jawes
II. [Mary was jealous of the infamous ("atli-
arine Sedley, the king's mistress.] She did not
even atlemjil to conceal from the eyes of the
world the violence of her emotions. " Day after
day the courtiers who came to see lier dine ob-
served that tlie dishes were removed untasted
from the talile. She sulTered the tears to stream
down her clieeks unconcealed in the presence of
the whole circle of courtiers and envoys. To
the king she ajjoke with wild viiliemence.
" Ixit me go," she cried. " You have juadt;
your woman a countess ; make her a ((ueeii 1
Put my crown on her liead ! Only let me hide
myself in some conv(!nt, where 1 may never .see
her more." — Macaui.ay's Eno., ch. 0, j). 60.
G0«0. WOMAN, Injustice to. lknr)i VIIL
tOf tlie pope's legates he sought a divorce.]
Cing and queen were cited to appear before
them when the court again met on the IHtli of
June. Henry briefly announced his resolve to
live no longer in mortal sin. The (jueen ofTered
an appeal to Clement, and on tie refusal of the
legates I0 admit it, tlung lierself at Henry's feet.
" Sire," .said Catliarine [of Aragon], "" I be-
seech you to pity me, a woman and a stranger,
witliout an assured friend, and without an indif-
ferent coun.sellor. I take God to witness that I
have always been to you a true and loyal wife ;
tliat I have made it my constant duty to .seek
your pleasure ; that I have loved nil whom you
loved, whether 1 have rea-son or not, whetlier
they are friends to me or foes. I have been
your wife for years ; 1 have brought you many
children. God knows that when I came to your
bed I was a virgin, and I put it to your own con-
science to say wlietlier it was not so. If there be
any offence which can be alleged against me, I
consent to depart with infamy ; if not, then I
pray you to do me ju.stice. " The pitiful appeal
was wasted ou a king who was already enter-
taining Anne Holcyii witli royal state in his own
palace. — Hist, ok Hno. I'K(!ri,K, $5 552.
«07','>. WOMAN, Invention of. SilkwenHng.
Till the reign of .liistinian the silk worms wlio
feed on tlic leaves of Hie wliitc iiMiII)erry tree
were condiied to Cliina ; those of the jiiiie, Hie
oak, iiiid the ash were common in the forests
both of Asia and Euro|)e ; but as their educa-
tion is more dilllcult, and tlieir jirodiice more
uncertain, they were generally neglected, except
in the little island of Ceos, near the coast of At-
tica. A tliiii gau/.(! was inocured from tlieir
webs, and this ('can maiiulactun , the invention
of a woman, for female use, was long admirecl
botli in tlie East and at Ucmie. — Giiiiion'h ]{ome,
ch. 40, p. m.
0071. WOMAN, A mlaerable. Sumh Jenvhitjs.
[See No. (l().")2. | Sanili was lively and voluble,
domineered over those whom she regarded with
most kindness, and when slu!wiis ollended vent-
ed her rage in tears and tempestuous re|)roaelies.
To sanctity she made no pretence, and, indeed,
narrowly escaped {\w imputation of irreligion.
She was not yet what she became when one class
of vices had lieen fully developed in lier by pros-
perity, and another by adversity ; when her
brain liad been turned by success and (lattery ;
when her heart liad been ulcerated bv disa.s-
ters and mortilications. She lived to be that
most odious and miserable of human beings,
an ancient crone at war with her whole kind,
at war willi her own children and grandchildren,
great indeed, and rich, but valuing greatness
and riches chietly becan.'ie they enabled her to
brave public oi)iiii()n, and to indulge! without
restraint her hatred to the li\ing and the dead.
— Macaii.av'h En<i., ell. 7, p. 2'Al.
007a. WOMAN In Misfortune. Cornelia.
Tliere is no female chaructei' on whom the an-
cient writers have lavished more piai.s(! than on
Cornelia, the mother of tlic Gracchi, of whfwe
greatness of mind under llio severest misfortunes
tliev speak in terms of tlie highest eulogy. She
ha(l seen the funerals of twelve of her children,
tlie la.stof whom were Tiberius and Cuius Grac-
chus. While her friends were lamenting her
misfortunes, "Call not me unfortunate," said
she ; " I shall never cease to think myself a
happy woman, who have been the mother of
the Gracchi." Imprudent and dangerous for
themselves as she must have thought the con-
duct of her sons, she most naturallj' deemed it
the result of real virtue and jiatriotism. Plu-
tarch informs us that she spent the remaining
years of her life in a villa, near Mi.senum, visit-
ed, respected, and beloved by the most eminent
men, both Greeks and Romans, and honored by
interchanging presents even with foreign princes.
Her conversation was delightful when she re-
counted anecdotes of her father Africanus ; but
all were astonished when she spoke freely of
her sons, of their great deeds and their untimely
fate, and this without ever shedding a tear. " It
was thought by some," continues Plutarch,
" that the pressure of age and misfortune hiul
deadened her maternal feelings ; liut they " (he
add.s) " who were of that weak opinion were ig-
norant that a superior mind, enlightened by a
liberal education, can rise above all the calami-
ties of life ; and that though fortune may some-
times oppress virtue, she cannot deprive her of
7»4
WOMAN.
i
Unit sin'iiity iiiid rcHoliitixn wlilcli n«<v«r for-
Hiikc licr ill tlu' (lay of ii<lvcr»lly." — Tyti.ku'h
UiHV , M(M)k 4, ell. 1, p. :JHS.
<I07:|. WOMAN, A monitrou. Mnr}/ " the
UltMiil}/." Mury, wIid iiilicijtid tlic cruel ami tyr
uiiniciil iliMpositiiiii of her tilt licr, lic^iiii Iht nigii
Ity putting to (Ifiith licr cousin .liiiic, to^ciiicr
with li(>r fatliiT 111 liiw iiiid huHltuiKi. TliTs out
Hct wiiH II prognostic of the l^'iiipcr of her rdgn,
which wiisoiiccoiitiiuicil scene of hioodNJied nnil
|)cVsecutloii. 'I'he Protestiinis, wiio liiiil iiiiilti-
[ilied exceedingly during the short reign of Kd
wiird, were persecuted willi tlie most sanguinary
rigor. It wim ii doctrine of Mary's, as liisliop
Jiiiriiet infornis us, that as the souls of hereticM nw
afterward to he eternally hiirning In hell, there
could hv nothing more |)roper tlian to iinitati^
the diviiH! vengeance, hy hurning them on earth.
In tin; course of this reign it is computed that
ulioiit eight hiiiidre(l persons were hiirnt alive in
Englan«r Vet this monster of a woman died in
peace, with the consideration, no douht, of lia\ •
iiig merited eternal liappiness as a reward of iluit
/.eaishe hail shown in ,su|)]iort of the I rue religion.
— Tyti.ku'h Mist., Hooii (i, eh JO, p. :U)!«.
<I07I. WOMAN oppoied. Qua n Mnvy (Stii-
art). With llie iiclual (>utlire;ik of jiersecution
and t lie death of Cranmerall resliaint was thrown
iiside. In his " First Mlasl of the 'rrumpel
against the Monstrous Hegiment of AN'oiiieii,"
[John] Knox denoiiiK cd Slary ii>* n tlczehcl, a
traitress, and a bastard. lIi; declarcil the rule
of women tn he against llie law of nature and of
God. The duty, whether of the estates or jieo
jile of tlu! realm, was ■ tirst to remove from hon-
or and authority that nuinster in nature; »•
ondarily, if any presume to di'fen<l that imi)iet_> ,
they ought not to fear, tirst to jn'onounce, then
after to evecute ag.iinst them ilu; .sentence of
deatli." 'I'o keep the oath of allegiance was
" nothing hut plain rebellion ngainst God." —
Hist, ok Kno. I'kopi.k, i^ m\.
607S. WOMAN, Patriotism of. M,n-ia T/unxn.
[When the Franco liavarians invaded Austria,
tiiid won their way witliin a few leagues of tlir
gates of X'icnna, the iiroud house of Austria
seemed doomed to inevitable] and total ruin. At
this crisis t lie young C^ueeii of Hungary disi)layed
an intrepidity and heroism worthy of her illus-
trious racie. Shere])air( d to the lfungiiii:in Diet
at Presburg, harangued t Ik; assembly in pathetic
and .stirring language, and conimended herself,
her eliildreii, and the cause of the emi>iie to tlieir
well-known imtriotism, fidelity, and courage.
The gallant JIagyars responded with tumultuous
enthusiasm, waving tlieir sabres, and shoutiiu'
" We w ill die for our king Maria Theresa ! " Tin'
po])uliitioii rose en iikixki', ami, the moveinent
spreading into Croatia and Didmatia, a powerful
army was soon marshalli'd for theilefence of the
cmiiire. — Sttdknts' Fnwci;, 'li. 215, ^ 11.
<M)76. WOMAN, A perfect. Ciidijah. [Wife
of Maliomet.] During the twenty-four years of
tlieir marriage lier youthful husband abstained
from the ri!.!:ht of polygamy, and the pride or
tenderness of the venerable matron was never in-
sulted by the society of a rival. A Her her death
he placed her in the rank of the four perfect
women, with the sister of Moses, the mother of
Jesus, and Fatima , the best beloved of his daugh-
ters. " Was she not old V" said Ayeslia, with
tlio lnHolen<;o of a lilooining iMmiity ; " hu.s not
(}od given you a iM'tter In her |»lace V" " No,
hy Goi|,"sidd Mahomet, with an etTiisionof hon-
est griitltiide ; " there never can Im' u better I Hhn
believed in me when men dcHpised me; she re-
lieved my wants when I wiih poor and pi rsei ni-
di by the world."— GlHHONH Maihi.MKT, p. 50.
0O77. . Qineii Mary. \ Wheu
f^ueeii Mary was fatally sick of the small pox,
her husband, Wllliani III.,| "called me," say*
Ihinicl, " inio his closet, and gave vent to a
most tender passion, lie hiiIiI during the whole
course of their marriage he had never known
one single fault in hi r." I William was carriid
out in II fit wlieii sh( dieii.]— Knuuit's Eno.,
vol. 5, ch. II, p. 174.
<t07M. WOMAN, A philosophlo. Ifi/pntin.
liypalia, tlie daughter of 'I'l.eon the mati inati-
ciiiii, was iidtiiited in her father's sludii>. her
learned cominenls have elucidated the geometry
of Apolloiiiiis and DiophaiiHis, and she publicly
taught, both at Athens and Ale.Mindria, the phi-
losophy of I'laloaiid Aristotle. In the bloom of
beauty and in the maturity of wisdom the inod-
i^i maid lefust I her lovers and instnuicd her
(lis( iples ; till! pt rsons most illustrious for tli'ir
rank or merit were imnaticnt to visit the female
philosoplii r ; and ('\ril beheld, wi li .i jealous
eye, the gonjreous train of horses and slaves who
crowded (In- door of her academy. — Giuuon's
RoMK, ch. 17. p. rm.
«071». WOMAN In Politics. fMiuMXV. In
Vi\ the . . . inlluenee wliicli really I'ndomi-
iled in tlie Slate was tlial of the kings mistress,
the Dm hess of Chrilearoiix, theyoungesl of fdiir
sisters of the family of Nisle, who had ■ icccs-
sively yielded to his liiciitioiis jmi ion. — H'lV-
iu;Nrs'"l''ii.\N(i;, ch. 'J;i, ;; 13.
OOMO. . /.<"//'< AT. In 1719 the
royal idTi 'lions were Iraiisfi'rred ... to a new
mistress, Madame LeiKirmaiil d'Ktioies, a pi rsou
of low birlli, but of decided talent and gnat ac-
complishments, w ho was sooM afterwani cieutcd
Marchioness of rompadniir, Louis abamloned
himsi'lf slavishly to her intlueiici', and for twen-
ty M'tirs she was the most powerful personage
in France. A I the great iilTairs of Stale were
iliscu.s.sed am! arraiigeil tinder her giiidMiice.
(ienerals, niin.-iiis, ambassudors, transacted bus-
iness ill her boudoir; she dispensed the whole
liatronage of the government ; the rich jiri/esof
the Church, of the army, of the inagislialure
were to be obtained solely throi.gh her favor. —
Sti'DENTs' Fii.xnck, ch. ~0, t* 1.
60§l. . On rOirmr of I. 'i Claren-
don. Hisoverthrow " was certainly designeil in
Lady Castlemaine's chamber;" and as he retireil
at noonday fmiii the audience of dismission, she
ran undressed from her bed into her aviary, to
enjoy the .spectacle of the fallen ndnister, and
"bless herself at the old man's going away."
The gallants of Whitehall crowded to "talk to
her in her bird-cage. " " You,' <:\\(\ they to her,
as they glanced at the retiringch.iucellor — "you
are the bird of pas.sage." — Hancuoft's U. S.,
vol. 2, ch. 17.
60§2. WOMAN, Power of. Anpasm. The cel-
ebrated Aspasia, lirst the mistress and afterward
the wife of Pericles, had from her extraordinary
talents a great ascendency over his mind, and
WOMAN
WHS HU|)|ii)m'(l frfi|iii'ii(ls lo lirtVi> (Uclutcfl hid
4'()Uimi;lM 111 till' iiioMt iiiipdiiaiit ('(iiicrrnH (if tlu<
iStiitc. Slie wiiMlxlicved Id Niiv»( formed ti Hocir
ty of coiirteHunM, wIkimji iiiT nro (tvi-r llit'lr j^iil-
liiritM, youii^ Mit'ii of coiisidt'i tloii ill tlic rcpiili'
lie, hIk' lluiH niiidcriil siilmcrv icnt to llii' ["oliii-
<'ul vicwH (if FNtIiIis . . . Hucli vvcro the |)o\\
vTH of her iniijd uml 'lio fumlnuliiij^ rlmriiiN <<
liiT coiiviTsiiiioii tliiit evi^ii Ix^fort! Iicr tniirriiip .
and wlillc cx' n isiii^ tlio triidu of ii i-ourUmuu.
her lioiiMC was tim ficqiiciil resort ot tlu! j^riivcst
and iiiimt rcspcctalili; of llic Atlicninn cili/.f'tm ;
anions tlio rest, of tlid virtiioiiH Socratc^s. -Tvt-
i.KiiM 11 1 -T-., Book 2, ell. -l. p. 1 tr
00N:|. • , CUoiuttra. 'llio passion
whl( li Cii'siir Imd (•oiicclvcd for Unit nrincf-s
wiiH probiilily tlu) moIc i iuisl' of liis cmbarklni^
in HO daiij,'crous a war [with tin- K>^yi)tiiiii.sjl
III! had liy lii'r one -iou, culli d Ca'sarioii. whom
Aii>{iisliis caused to lie put In death wlieii In lie-
I'aiiU! master of Alexandria. Ills iitTection for
(!leopulra kept him iiiiieh louder in K^ypl than
his alTuii'H re(|iilred. . . . (Ja'sar piissed whole
iiij;lits in feasting with Cleopatra. Having em-
harked with her ujioii the Nile, he curried her
through the country with a iiuinerouM Ih'et, iind
would have penetrated into Klhiopia If his army
had not refused to follow him He had resolved
to bring her to Itoiiie. and to iiiiirry her ; and
intended to have caused a law to puss in the as-
seiiihly of the iieople, hy wliicli llie citi/t'lis of
Home should Ix! permitted to iimrry sm h and as
nianv wives astliey thoiightflt. — Koi.mn'hIIist.,
Hook 24. 55 2.
60M. . JamiH 11. At tli. mo-
ment of the king's iiccexsion. a sense of the new
responsibility wliich lay on him made his mind
for a time peculiarly open to religious impres-
sions. He formed and announced many good
resolutions, spoke in pui'lic; with great siM'rity
of the impious and licentious manners of 1 1 ''ago,
and in private assured his qneen and and hi con-
fes.sor that ho would see Catharine Sodley no
more. He wrote to his mistress entreating In i
to (|uit the apartments which she occupied at
Whitehall, and to go to a house in Haint James'
Sipiare, which had been splendidly funiishiMl for
her at liis expense. Ho at the same time prom-
ised to allow her a large pension from his privy
fmrse. ('atharine, clever, strong-minded, in-
trepid, and conscious of her power, refused to
stir. — Macmilay's Eno., ch. ti, p. (14.
60S5. WOMAN, Power of a wicked. Kinffn
MMrexH. [Mademoiselle t^ueronaille was one of
the favorite nii.stresses of (Charles II.] Incred-
ible as it m.iy appear, there is a record of partic-
ular paynn nts to her out of the secret .service
money, in the one year of 1681, of .t*lHf),668
10.V.— Ivnkiut's Enu., vol. 4, ch. 20, p. 325,
60§6. "WOMAN, Praise of. Mrs. Premlent
Jackmn. The remains were interred in the gar-
den of the Hermitage, in a tomb which the gen-
eral had recently completed. The tablet which
covers hei du.st contains the following in.scri])-
tion : " He e lie the remains of i^Irs. Rachel
Jack.son, wife of President Jackson, who died
the 22(1 of December, IH28, aged 61. Her face
was fair, her person pleasing, her temper amia-
ble, her heart kind ; she delighted in relieving
the wants of her fellow-creatures, and cultivateil
thaf divine pleasure bv the most liberal and un-
P' leiidliijt ineiliodH ; to the poor Hlie wa» a ben-
elM''t(ir to the rich an evi'iiple ; lo the wreuh-
fd a (iiwifo.ter , lo the pro-peroiiHnii ornaiiieiit ;
her piety went hand in hand with her Unevo-
leiiee, and sho thanked her ( leiiter for lieiiij(
ju'iinilted to do giiiMl A being ^'. trenlle and so
virtiloiiN Mlander might wound Imi not dlNlioii-
or. FIveii d(:iih, when he l^re her from tliii
arms of Imt Im-ibaiid, cduld bu' transport her to
\,\w bosom of her (}<hI." Andrew Jackson was
ni^ver the same niaiiagMi' During hisjiresiden-
cy he i.i'ver used the phrn e, •■ My di. Kleriial,"
nor liny other language wliii h could >• coiiHid-
• red profane lie mourned his wite until he
iliii.self rejoined her In the toiiili he had pre-
[iiind tor thein both. — Cvci.oi'Kin \ ok Hioii.,
p. .VtO.
«»0«V. ■WOMAPr, Protected by, lW„fn,„/,iM. It
\\ ;iH necessary 1 Kill thesaiu (inn nf llie Indian em-
])er(irslioul<l be given lo the seiileiici iiiid |Cap-
lain John) Smith was now taken Iweiiu liveiniles
(iiiwn the river lo a town where I'owdiilan lived
in winter. The savage monarch vvim now si.vty
years of age, and, tn use Smith's own language,
looked every inch :. king. He received the
r)ris(, HIT with all llie nide formalities peculiar to
lis nice, (ioing lo the Long llmiseid' the vil-
lage, the em[>eror, clad
skins, tonk his seat on
pared for the nccnsion
right and lel'l, while tile
of rimlv were ranged round I
solemnly reviewed the cause
III a I lie of raccoon
a kind of throne, pre-
His U\(i dinighters nat
of w.irridrsiind women
( imll. The king
and continued the
sentence of deulh. Two large clones were
brought into the hall ; Smith was dragged forth,
bound, and his head ))iit into position to be
crushed by a war club. A stalwart painted
savage was oriiiicd oul of the rank, and stood
ready for \hv, bloody tragedy. 'I'lie signal was
given, the grim executioner raised his liliidL'eon,
and another moment had decided the faie of
both the illusirioiis captive and his colony. Ibit
the peril went by harmle.ss. Matoaka [Poea-
hoiilas|, the eldest daughter of Powhatan, sprang
from her seal and rushed lietweeii the warrior's
uplifte<l club and the pro'^'rate iiiisoiier. She
clasped his he id in her ariii , and held on with
the resolutiiiu of despair until her father, yield-
ing to lier frantic, appeals, ordered Smith to be
imliound and lifli'l ii]). Again he was rescued
from a terrilile death. — Ridi-atii's U. S., ch. 9,
p. 100.
OOSW. "WOMAN, A remarkable, Thejiah.
[After the death of Malioiuel| an Arab woman
of Mesopotamia, iianie(i ■rhejiiih, declared her-
self seized with the pri 'pint ic spirit, and submit-
ting the Arabs of .Syria to her iisjtirations, was
man liing at the head of an army, fanaticised by
her eloquence and her beaiily. against Yemen.
— Lamautini:'s Tt KKi'.v, p. l.TO.
60N9. . M.injSiuiirt. If another
Homer were to arise, and if ihe poet were to
seek another Helen for the suliject of a modern
epic of war, religion, and love, lie would beyond
all tiiid her in Alary Stuart , the most beautiful,
the weakest, the most attractive and most at-
tracted of women, raising aroiinil her, by her ir-
resi.stible fascinations, a whirlwind of love, am-
bition, and jealousy, in which her lovers bei'ame,
each in his turn, the motive, the in.striiment, ami
the victim of a crime ; leaving, like the Greek
72(1
WOMAN.
I
f
Ilclfti, iUv iiriiiH III' Ik iiutriliTf<l IniMliarid for
tliiisf of IiIm riiiirili'i-cr ; miwiii;; tin- nci'(In nf In
tmu'cinr, rcli^rloiiM, miil forcl^^ii vvnr itt cvi'ry
Ht<'|), ikiiil <'lnH|n).r l>y II Kuiiitly tirulli till' lift* lit' II
CIVIrmiirHira. I, vMAiiTiNhf'M t^i i:i:n dk SctriM,
p.l.
'<MM>. WOMAN, RoMued by. C/ni rl,» ff.
I Al'li'i- till' ili'l'iMl III' Chai'li's II. Ill llii< hullli' of
vVorccslcr III' llcil lo Mui'Mricy In iliH^niiMi*. |[i'n>
111' wiiM ill jfri'at ilaiipr lii'iaii.Hi' dl' llii" prcMciuu
iif llic .MiililiriN of till' ('iiniiiiiiiiwi'allli. III! ilJH-
^iiisi'il liiiiiM'ir at a ili'i'i'iil, si'i-vliiir Miim, wIid
wii.s lo roiivcy his inlslri'SM, llir iliniLfiiliT of Coj.
(iiii'l Latii', 1(1 ;i i"l.itioii tii'iir Ki'IhIiiI. 'I'lii- lady
riiili'on a |iilli(iii lirliliid liitn. Ky lirriisNiMtanrr
111' i'S(ii|ird In Krallri', iMid .savrd Ills llrad] -
IVNKUIIH KniI,, vol. 1, I'll. 1(, p. 111.
<IO»l. WOMAN, ReitrainU far. S.niiurf.Jofni-
Koii. .MiN. Kiiowlrs alVi'cIrd to coiiiplalu lliat
iiirii liail iiiiicli iiion^ liliiTly alliiwrd tliciii lli.ui
woincn. .JOHNSON : " Why, luadain, Wdiiicii
have all 111'' lilicrty llicy Mlioiild wish to have.
Wi' liavi' ill IIk' labor an 1 llii' daiiirrr, and
Ihr woincii all llii' advanliiirc. Wi! i;o lo si'a,
\vr hiiild hoiiscs, wr do cvcrvlhinir, In short, to
pav our riiiirt lo \lw wmiii'ii. ' .Mils, Know i.ms ;
" 'I'hc Docior ri'iisons very willily, Iml not
<'oiivin('iii;,My. Now, laki- llii' inslaini' of hnild-
in^' : till' niasoii's wifi', if she is cvrr sci'ii in
liquor, is ruiiu'd ; llic mason may ^'I'l liinisi'lf
druiili as ofli'ii as he pli'iisi's, with lillli' loss of
characlr." ; nay, may Id his wife and children
slarvi'." .roiiNSDN ; " .Madam, you must con-
sidrr if llic mason docs ;;i't himself drunk, and
let his wife and children starve, the parish will
()l)lij[,'o him lo Diid seciirily for their iimintc-
niini^c. W^(! have ditrcrent modes of rcslraiiiin;^
evil. Stocks for the men, a duckiiiijstool for
women, and a pound for licasts. If wc recpiire
more pcrfeclion from women than from our-
.selvcs, it is doiii!^ Ilieiu honor. And women
have not llic sanu! leiii|itaiions Iliat wo liavi' :
they may always live in virtuous company ;
men must mix in llic world iiidiscriiuinatcly.
If )i woman has no inclination to do what is
wroiii,', licin;.^ secured fniin it is no restraint lo
her." — HoswKi, I, s .Johnson, p. JJTO.
OOnst. WOMAN, A revengeful. AuMiKMiiDitidii.
The Duchess of .Moiilpensier, u woman of iiias-
ciiline enerijy and resolution, spared no pains
to inllanu; to the utmost the aiurry passions
of the nuiltllude ii;i;aiiisl Henry III., who had
shed her lirother's blood ; and ainoiiir other e.\-
pcdienls, slron;^ app<'als were made- lo the fa
naticism of the priesthood and reliirious orders.
[8lic obtained his death by the hand of ti Do-
minican iiioiik. |— SriDKNTs' FiuNci:, cli. 17,
§14.
ttOft.l. WOMAN, Rigrhts of. rCirl,/ RomaiiK.
[During the reiy;n of Nunia complaints were
made u;j;ainst the women.) Their behavior is
.said to have been too bold and too masculine,
in particular to thoir liusbands. For they con-
sidered themselves as absolute mistresses in their
houses ; nay, they wanted a share in afTiiirs of
State, and uelivered their sentiments with great
freedom concerning the most weighty matters.
— Pl.UT.VUCIl's Nl-.M.V AND Lv'C'UlKiUS.
orinatloii] wiih no Iiwh n tMirMyna^t' than the tirttt
iiriiiceor llii'blood, .\iitoItirde lioiirlion, . . . who
iiiid lieciiinc Kliigof Nitvarre. . His wife l.leiin
ir.Vlhri'l |, who had Ih-cu carefully iiluciiti'd in the
Keforiiii'd iliiciriiieH by her intilher. Marguerite
of Valois, induied him to ciiUiracr lier faith ;
and hisyoiingir brolher. I.oui-i, I'riiii e of ('oniK\
being in like manner ciiiiverlcd by the example
iiiiil pcrMiiaHions of his wife, declared himself
a /.eiiliiim iiieinlier of the party.— Htdhkntm'
Ku.\N( K, ch. 1."), }; H.
OOOA. . V'""* 'i'' '*''''"''•• f;'<>hii
i^iieen Mary. I "I wiiiild. ' said
'.iiy words might have the same
'11 as voiii't have u|iiiii Scolland ;
11 undeisland each other, iN'comi;
our good liilelligence would do
f the king-
6004. WOMAN, Rule of. Kiiui o
fin France the] acknowledged cliie
jf [o
Navarre.
f the Kef-
Knox before
the iinrell, "
elVecl upon \ .
we should II
friends, (iiid
niiicli for the peace and happiness
dom I" " .Madam," replied the stern apostle,
" words are more barren than the roek when
they are only worldly ; but when Inspired by
(Joil, Iheiice proceed the Mower, the grain, and
all virtues I I have travelled over (Jeiiiiariy ; I
know the Saxiin law. wliicli is just, for itreserveK
the sceptre fur man alone, and only gives lo
woman a place at the hearth and a di.stalY ! ' —
thus pliiinly declaring that he saw in her only ii
usiirpiT, and lliu he was himself a republican
of the theocratic order. . . . The queen, alarmed
at the iinpolence of her charms, her wiirilH, and
her rank on the mailed heart of fanaticism, wept
like a child before the seciary ; her tears moved
but did not discourage him ; hit conliiiiied to
preach with wild freedom against the govern-
ment of women and the pomps of the palace. —
L.VM.viiriNi'i's (^IKION OK Scots, p. 12.
IHMNt. WOMAN, SaRacioua. T h r acian. A
jiarty of 'I'hraciaiis iTemolished the hoiLse of
rimoclea, a woniiin of (pialily and honor. The
soldiers carriiMi oir tlii! booty; and tin; captain,
after having violated the lady, asked \\vx whi^ther
site had not some gold and silver concealed.
She said sli(> had ; and taking him alone into
the garden, showed him a well, into which, she
told him, she had thrown everything of raliie
when the city was taken. TIk! ollicer stonped
down to examine the well ; upon which she
pushed him in, and then despatched him with
stones. Till! Thracians, coming iij), seized and
bound her hands, and carried her biifore Alex-
ander, who immediately perceived by her look
and gait, and the fearless manner in which she
followed that .savage crew, that .she was a
woman of cpiality and superior sentiments. The
king demanded who she was. She answered :
" I am tli(^ sister of Thijagenes, who, in cupac-
ily of general, fought Philip for the liberty of
Greece, and fell in the battle of ('huToiiea,"
Alexander, admiring her answer and the bold
action she had performed, commanded her to
be .set at liberty and her children witli her. —
Pl.IJTAIU'll'S AlKXANUKK.
0007. WOMAN, Saved by. Fulvia. The
conspirator Catiline had brought his plot to ma-
turity. Troops were levied, arms provided, a
distinct department and function was assigned
to each of the principal conspirators, and n day
was lixed for the commencement of operations
in the heart of Homo. The city was lo he set
fire to in a hunilred different ipiarters at once ;
the consuls were to bo a.ssussinftted ; and an im
WOMAN.
7v:
tilimwi llMt wiiM itrfpiiird of tlitt clilcf cltl/riii
who wi>rt> iliKiini'd In iiiNiiinluiii'oiiM ilcNlriirlioii.
A plot of tliU nuliiri', In wlilrli **<> imuiy wcro
coii('«'riii'(l, I'oiilil mil Ionic 'x' krpi Nccn't. Fnl
via, .'« wiitnuii (if l(>(iNi> rliJiriii'ti'i', ilic iiiNircNM of
01 1' tli(M'i)iiH|ilrikl(irN, |ii'iiliitlily ki>I»<*I I'Y II>**
Hlilcht i<( CIciTo, n\ivt) iinliri' In llii> i'iiiiniiIs (if
tlic \<>lii>|i> |)lail III' lllii i'i)l|Mpii'U( y. 'I'll!' Srtiitio
piiHHi'i' tliiit powirl'iil ilccrci' \vlil«:li iiriiicil tho
(iiiiHuiH Willi (lli'liiloriiil uiilluirliy lor iliit Niifcly
of llii rcpiihilc. — 'rvTi.icit'H lliHT., Hotikt, <li. I,
p. am.
(HMIM. WOMAN, SohoUrly. V'""^ Mh:,i/>,ffi.
Al f-ixlcrii she iili'i'iiily slidWcil "ii iiiariH iinwcr
of ippllciilloii" lo liiT lioiiki. Slit< liiiil rcitil
nlmoHl llii' wliiii)! of Cicero itiid u ^rcut purl of
LIvy. Hill' licLjim lln- iliiy wllli the hIiii|\ of tint
>j<i'w 'I'i'Htmiiciit. ill Ori'ck, iiiul follownl iliis up
l>v rciicllii^ si'lccfi'd orulioiH of Isocruics iiixl llm
liuf^i'iiii'H of Sopiioclcs. Sill' coiilil Mjii'iik Latin
Willi (liiciicy iiml Orifk iiiodiriilcly will. Ili-r
love of clilssiriil cillliiri! Iiistrd tliroii^li licr lil'i'.
Amid the prcHs mid runs of her Inter nlj^ii wii
tliid Ascluitii ri'corillhi^ liow "iifler diiiiiir 1
went lip to rend with tlic ipin'ti's iiiiiji'Hly tliiil
Iiolilroriltioii of i)rliioHlli<-ll('Hiijraillsl /Kicliilirs. "
At H litter time her Lutiii .served lier lo reliiiko
tin; iiLsoleiieo of ti I'olisli umliiiNHiidor, and she
Could " ruh up her rusty (Jreek" al. need to
handy pediinlry with a vlee-ehaneellor. Hut
Eli/.iilielh was far, as yet, from lieiiif^iiniere ped-
lint. Hlu) could already speak French and
Itiiliaii as lluently as her mother tongue. In
later (li>ys wc; liiid her familiar with Ariosioand
TasMo. 'i'lid iMirily of her literary taste, tlii)
love foraclmste anil simple styht, which Ascliam
noted with prai.so in li(;r ^'irlhood had not yet
Iierished under llin inlluenct' of euphuism. —
liHT. OK Knu. I'i'.oI'm;, S^ (IHO.
0000. WOMAN, A ipirited, Thint,: When
Philo.xeniis, who had married 'i'hesle Itlie sister
of Dionvsius the tyrant], was decliired his onc-
my, unit tied throuich fear oul of Sicily, Dioiiy-
sius .s(!nt for his sister, and reproached her with
bciiif? privy lo her husband's escap-e, without
letting him know it. Tliestc answered, without
fear or hesitation : " Do you think me, Dio-
nysiiiH, HO had a wife, or so weak a woman, that
it I had known of my husband's lli<;ht 1 would
not have accompanied him, and shared In the
worst of his fortunes y Indeed, I was ij^norant
of it. And 1 a.ssiirc you that I should esteem
U II higher honor lo be I'alled the wife of J'hil-
O.xenus the exile than the sister of Dionvsius
tlu! tyrant." 'i'lie kinif, it is .said, admired her
sjiirited answer; and the Syracusaim honored
her so much that sIk; retained her princely reti-
nue lifter the dissolution of the tyranny ; and
tho citizens, by public decree, attended the so-
lemnity of her funeral. — Plutaucii.
6IOO. . yfury Stuart Qtiirn of Srotx.
She brouijfht with her the voluptuous relincmcnt
of the French Heniiissanee ; she would lounf;e
for days in bed, and rise only at ni;i;ht for dunces
and music. Hut her frame was of iron, and in-
capable of fatigue ; she galloju'd ninety miles
after her last defeat without a pause, .save to
change horses. She loved risk and adventure
and tlu; ring of arms ; as she rode in a foray to
the north the swordsmen be.side her heard her
wish she was a man " to know what life it was
to 111* III! nJKhl in tlin tlolilM, or to walk on the
caWMcy wilh a Jack and knaiiHchalle, a UlaMpiw
buckler, and a broadsworil. — lliHr. ok K.nd.
I'Miri.K, S Til.
ttlOI. WOMAN, 8uprem«ox of. y,t>in,i. rCaliix
MarcliiH, Nurnanicd Coriolaniis, was a Itoman
Heiiator iind Iraitor. lie was eondeiniied lo ex
ill. I lie now propimed lo himself a plan of
vengeance. In the last degree ignominious, and
which no in|urles an liidlvldiial can receive an-
I Mlilllcienl lo liiHlify. lie repiilted to llie camp
1 of the V'olsclfaiis, and olTi nd his services In the
determined enemies of his cniintry. 'I'liey Were
accepted ; and nucIi was the cotiseipietice nf his
abilities as a general, that Home, in Ihe space of
11 few mniiths, was reduced to extl'i liiily. .. . lie
appeared again with his army nmlei' the walls
of Ihe city. The Senate miiiiiiiiined an Inllexi-
ble resisiance to the demands of the traitor, and
to Ihe popular clamor. Al length a band of
Uoinan matrons, at the head of whii li wax V'c-
lurla, the nioiherof Ciriolaiius, with his wife
and children, irpaireil to the laiiip of Ihe en-
eiiiy, and suddenly presented themselves at the
feet of Corlolanus. The sevcrit\ of his nature
was not proof against this last appeal. Me con-
senled to lay (low ii his arms; be ordered his
[ troops to retire ; and thus Itonie owed her
safety to the tears of a woman. IThis stors
Is doubted. J— TYri,i;ii's llisr., Hook U, ch. 4,
p. !f,':i.
« I Oa. WOMAN, Taste of. Ahmli,im l.iiicdn.
[lie Was on his way lo Washington to be inaii
guraled I'residcnI.] Al Northeast station betook
i occasion (al a welcome gathering] to slate thai,
(luring Ihe campaign he had received a lellei
] from a young girl of Ihe place in which he was
kindly admonished . . . lo lii his whiskers grow ;
as hi; had acted upon that piece of advice, he
would now be glad to welcome his fair ( orre-
Hpondeiit, if she were among Ww crowd. In re-
spon.se to the cull, a lassie made lur way Ihrough
till! crowd, was helped on the Mlulforni, and was
kissed by Ihe I'lesident. — Hav.mo.nd'k liiNcoi.N,
ch. 5, p. I II.
6IO:». WOMAN, Taught by, UAhiion. The
Gothsowed their liiNi know jeilgi; of Christianity
to a young girl, a piisoncrof war ; shecontimusl
in the miiist of them her exercises of piety ; she
fasted, prayed, and praised (Jod day and iiii^ht.
When she was asked what good could conic of
so much iiainful trouble, slu; answered : " It is
thus that C'hrist, the Son of (tod, is lobe honor-
ed." — NoTK I.N GiiiiioNs Uovii:, ch. 10, p. 74.
OlO'l. WOMAN, Tenderness of. Joan of Arc.
[At the battle of I'alay.] The French men-at-
arms did not wail for the English leaders lo make
up their minds, but, coming up al a gallop, en-
countered but slight rcsisrance. Talbot [the
Hritish commander] would light, .seeking, jn-r-
haps, to fall ; but he only succeeded in getting
inadt! prisoner. The pursuit was murderous ; aiul
the bodies of two thousand of Ihe English strewed
the plain. At the sight of such niimliers of dead
La Pucelle shed tears ; but she wept much more
bitt(;rly when she .saw the brnlalily of the hoI-
diery, and how thev treated [iri.souers who hud
no ranson to give. Perceiving one of them felled
dying lo the ground, she was no longer mislre.sa
of herself, but threw herself from her horse,
rai.sed the poor man's !i'.>ud, sent for a priest,
728
WOMAN.
?■'
I
coinforfpd him, mid smoothed his way to death.
— Micuki-kt's Jo.vn, p. 18.
GlOft. . IjIK'H irntchinson. [DiiriiiLT
tiic oi.ll war tiio teiu'iers of rc'lii^ioii wt^ri; cnici
and niVfiif^efiil, but feiniiic! fetKlcriicss iind cour-
ai;(! \v«re not Wiiritiin;-, as .seen i;i tiu! coiidiK't of
Lucy, w if(! of ('oloiici iliileiiiii.soii, after tiu^ at-
tack ip>in Nottingham Castle.] Tlierc! was a
larg(! room, whicli was the cliapel, in the castle ;
this they l>a<i tilled full of prisoners, l)"sides a
very bad pri.s '. , wliich was no better than a
dunijeon, called the " Lion'.". Den the new Cap-
tain I'almer and another minister, havint; nothing
«;lse to (I ' walked u]) and down the caslh' yanl,
insulting and beating the poor prisoners as lliey
weri^ brought u|) . . . After our liurt men were
dressed, as siie stood at herchaml)er-door, seeing
three of the prisoners .s*orely cut, and carried
down bleeding into the Ijiou s Den, she desired
the marshal to bring tlu'in in to lier, and l)ound
up and dressed their wounds ; which while she
Wi.8 doing (^ijitain Palmer canu; in an<l told her
his soul abhorred to see this favor to the enemies
of God ; she re|)lied she had done nothing but
what she thought was her duty, in liumanily to
them, as fellow-creaturc'^, and not as enemies. —
Knioht's En(i., vol. 4, cli. 3, p. 19.
6106. WOMAN, Transformation of. Co/istun-
tinople. C.'onstantinoplc is said to have been
originated from the cirect of a v. .Jon whit'h aji-
yw^ared to the Emperor Constantine while he slept.
A , enerable matron, sinking und(!r tlie weight of
man_v years and intirmities, was siiddeidy trans-
formed into a blooming maid. The mona'-ch
awoke, interpret"!! the auspicious omen, and
ol)eyed without hesitation the v ill of Heaven, and
there established a city. — Gihuon's Rome, vol. 2,
ch. i7, p. 90.
6107. WOMAN, Value of. I'lvehanned. [Pla-
cidia, the] daughter of tht; great Theodosius, had
been the cai)tive and the (pieen of the Goths ;
she lost an aiiectionate husband ; she was dragged
in chains by his insulting a.s.sassiti : she tasted the
pleasure ot revenge, and was e.xclianged, in the
treatj' of peace, for six hundred tliousand meas-
ures of wlieat. — GiBiJoy's Ho.me, ch. 83. p. 868.
610S. WOMAN, Weakness of. Wife i>f James
II. [Tyrconnel wislied to be lord-lieutenant of
Ireland.] Mary of iNIodena heivjclf was not free
from suspicion of corruiitioii. There was ir.
London a renowned chain of pearls which was
valued at ten thousand pounds. It had belonged
to Prince Uupert, and by him it had been left to
Margar'»l Hughes, a courtesan, who, toward the
close of hi3 life, had exerci.sed a boundless em-
pire over him. [Lord] Tyrconnel loudly boast-
ed that with this chain he had purchased the sup-
port of the queen. — iI.vi"ALi,.\Y's Enc, ch. 6,
p. 146.
6I0!>. WOMAN, Wickedness of. Firdff/oridn.
Chilperic of Neustria, who had already a con-
cubine named Fredegonda, a woman of remark-
able beauty and talent, became a suitor for the
hanil of Galeswintha, sister to liruneliaut. TIk;
marriage tor,k pliice ; but such wjistlie influence
of tlie abandoned Fredegonda, that she persuad-
ed (Ihilpcric to acknowledge her publicly as his
mistress, and assign her a residence in the ])alace.
Galeswintha refu.sed to submit to this indignity,
and tlemanded ;■. separation. ChiliK'ric contrived
to soothe her by protestations of amendment ;
but within a few weeks the unhappy (pieen was
found strangled in her bed, and llu; crime was
uiuversally attributed to the instigation of Frede-
gonda. In detianee of all decency, tlie king,
immediately after his wife'.'; death, married lii.s
guilty favorite. ... In Neustria Fredegonda
pursued her career of cruelty, treachery, and
l)l()o(lshe<l. She caused Clovis, a son of Chil-
peric by his tirst marriage, to be condemned and
executed on a charge of sorcery ; his young wife
was consigned to torture and the stake. Soon
afterward Chilperic liiin.self closed his agitated
reign by a violent death. He was as.sassimited
at (Mielles, near Paris, in .'584. . . . 'I'he general
weight of testimony lays the guilt upon Frede-
gonda. The king, it is said, had lately di.scov^
ered lier criminal intercourse with one of the
otiicers of tlu^ palace ; fearing the consecjuences
of his anger, slie res(>lved to secure her own life
by .sacriticiiig her husband. . . . This extraor-
dinary wonii'.n died in 597, having had reason to
congratul,'it(^ herself on the completer success of
her political ambition, if not on tlu; full giatiti-
calion of her private! vengeance!. History records
few similar examples of atrocious and, at the
same time, triumphant wickedness. Writers of
all ages concur m holding up tin; meiiiory of
Fredegonda to th(! execration of posterity. —
Stidknts' Fhanck, ch. 4, $^ 4.
«l lO. WOMAN, A wise. A r t e m is i a. A
woman of a singularly heroic character, Arte-
misia, queen of Halicarnassus, from a pure spirit
of enterprise had joined the fleet of Xerxes with
i> <mall squadron, wliich she commanded in per-
son. The prudence of this woman's coun.sels,
had they been followed, might have saved the
Persian monarch the di.sasier and 'lisgrace that
awaited him. She recommended Xerxes to con-
tine his operations to the attaiik (;f th.' enemy by
land, to employ his fleet only in the supply of
the arni3', and to avoid all engagement with the
Grecian galleys, which now contained the chief
force of the enemy. But Xerxes and his olHcers
disdained to follow an advice which they judged
the result of female timidity ; and the compre.sed
position of the (Jrccian fleet .seemed to ofTer a
favorable opi)ortunity for a decisive blow to
•heir armament. The tleet of the Greeks con-
sisted of 880 shi]'.,, tliat of the Persians amount-
ed to 1200 sail. The latter, with disorderly im-
petuosity, hastened to the attack ; the former
waited their assault in perfect order, and with
calm and delibciate resolution. A wind sprang
up which blew contrarj' to the fleet of the Per-
sians ; and as it thus became necessary to ply
their oars with the greater part of their meii,
their active force was diminished, their motions
impeded, and a confusion ensued which gave
their enemy a manifest a<lvantage. It was then
that the Greeks became the assailants ; they
raised tin; /ifPan, or song of victor}-, and. aided
by the wind, dashed forward upon the Persian
■sciuadron, tlie brazen beaks of the triiemes
overwhelming and sinking every ship which
they touched. The Persians sulTercd a com-
plete and dreadful defejit. Artemisia, with her
galleys, kept the sea, and fought to \ho. last
with manly courage ; while Xerxes, who had
beheld the engagement from an eminence on the
shore, no sooner saw its issue, than he precipi-
BBH
WOMAN— WOMKN.
729
tiilcly llcil, upon tlif circulution of ii false report
tliiit llie <!reeks (le.sijrried to break down his
bridLjc of boats iiixm tlie llcillesponl. 'I"he (ireeks,
landing; from llu'ir sbijjs, attacked the rear of
llie I'ersiaic army, and made a dreadful earnau'e,
so that the eoast was thickly strewn with the
dead bodi( s.— -'{'vri-ini's IIiht., Hook 2, eh. 1,
|). 1 :!."■>.
((111. WOM ^i worshipped. Joan of Arc.
Chivalry was in every one's mouth as the i)ro-
tection of atHictcd dames and damsels. Marsiial
Houcicaut had just founded an order which had
no other object. Besides the worship o( the
Virtrin, constantly e.xtendini^ in the .Middle Aije,
havinif become the dominant reli;;ion, it seemed
as if viri,diiity nuist bean inviolable safe.ijuanl.
. . . The reliii'ion of this epoch was less the ad-
oration of tlut Vir;,nn than of womiiu ; its chiv-
alry was that portray(!(l in the I'elit .lehan de
Saintre — but with the advantaire of chastity, in
favor of tlu- romance over the truth. — Micmc-
i.K'r's Joan, j), 2(i.
filI2. WOMAN wrongecV In I'ropn-t;/. [In
1474 Parliiiment divided the /^reat fortune of
the Earl of Warwick — (he kinfj-inaker. llis
two brothers received nearly all, leaviii/^ liis
widow but a wretched i)r()vision. | — Knkiht'b
K.\(i., vol. '->, ch. 11, p. 173.
«li:t. WOMEN, Zeal of. Rebellion of Mon-
mouth, 'I'hat ai attack was to be made under
cover of the ni<;ht was nostu'ret in Hridi.rewater.
The town was full of women, who had rc^paired
thither by hundreds from tliosurroundin!rreiTi:)n,
to see their husbands, sons, lovirs, and brothers
once more. There were man\' .sad partint^s that
day, and many parted never to meet aijair.. The
I'eport of the intended attack came to the ears of a
younij; i^irl who was zealous for the; king,
riiough of modest f;haracter, she had the cour-
aije to resolve that she would herself bear the in-
telligence to Fevershani [the commander for
James II. ]. She stole out of Bridgewater, and
made her way to tla; royal camp ; but liiat camp
was not a i)!ace wher" female innocence could
be saf(!. Even the ollicers, despising alike the
irre,gular force to which they were opposed and
the negligent geiien.l who commanded them,
had indulged largelv in wine, and were ''"ady
for an}' excess of licentiousness and cruelty.
One of them seized the unhappy maiden, refused
to listen to her orrai' 1, and brutally outraged
her. She tied in agonies of rage and shame,
leaving the wicked army to its doom. — iLvcAr-
i,.\v's E\(i., ch. ,j, p. hiSX.
0114. . In Dccomhire. [William
of Or.ange invaded England by invitation.] The
acclamations redoubled when, attended by forty
running footmen, the prince himself appeared,
armed on back and breast, wearing a white
plume and mounted on a white charger. With
how martial an air he curbed liis hor.se, how
thoughtful and commanding was the expression
of his ami)le forehead and falcon eye, may still
be seen on the canvas of Kneller. Once his
grave features rela.xed into a smile. It was when
an ancient woman, jierhaps one of tho.se zealous
Puritans who through twenty-eight years of per-
.secution had waited with tirni faith for the con-
solation of Israel, perhaps the mother of some
rebel who had i)erislied in the carnage of Sedge-
nw)or, or in the more fearful carnage of ilie
bloody circuit, broke; from the crowd, rushed
through the drawn swords and curveting horses,
touched the hand of the deliverer, and cried out
that now she was happy. — M.\c'Aii,.\v's Eno.,
ch. !), p. 451.
0115. WOMEN, Co operation of. Rcrolution,
Scptenthrr, 177t) [Washington evacuated New
York in great ilast(^ A few hours was of ut-
most value. ] The respite [in the purstut ) which
saved [Israel] Putnam's division was due to
Maiy Eindley, the wife of Pobert .Murray. When
the British army drew near her house; on Incle-
berg, as ..Murray Hill vias then called, Lord Howe
and his ollkiers, ordering a hidl, accepted her
invitation to a lunch ; and by the excellence of
her viands and old Madeira wine, and by the
good-humor '.vith which she paiiicd Tryon's
jests at her sympathy with the I'cbels, she whiled
away two hours or more of their tinu', till every
.Vmerican regiment had escaped. — B.VNcitoi'T S
U. S., vol. 'J, c!i. (J.
«IIO. WOMEN, Courtesy to. Ancients,
[When the Romans and Sabines were reconciled
to each other, many] honorable privileges were
confi^rred ujxai the women, some of which were
these : That th(! men should give them the
way, wherever they met them ; thai they should
not memioi) an obscene word or appear naked
before them ; that, in case of their killing any
person, they should not be tried befoi-e the or-
dinary judges ; and that their children should
wear an orniunent about their necks, called
Jinllii, from its likeness to a bubble, and a gar-
ment bordered with purple. — Pm'takcii'h Hom-
ui.rs,
«II7. WOMEN, Culture of. Uno/ipririofed.
(Swift wrote a paper on] "The Plducalion of
Ladies" [early in the eighteenth century |, in
which he says : "There is a subject of contro-
versy whiri ' have fre(|uently met with in mixed
and select com|>anies of both sexes, and some-
times only (»f men — whether il be prudent to
choos(,' a wife who has good natur;d sense, some
tasic! of wit and humor, able to read and relish
history, books of travi is, moral or entertaining
discourses, and be a tolerable judge of the beau-
ties in ])oetry '! Tliis ((ucstion is generally de-
termined in the; IK gative by women themselves,
and almost uni\crsally by we men," — Knuiht's
Enc, vol. 5, (il. 37, !>. 431.
«l 1 8. WOMEN degraded, L'o,„<n, Lmr. Wom-
en were '•oiidcnmed io the |)erpctiial lutelage
of p.'irents, liusl)ands, or guardians ; a sex cre-
ated to ])lease and obey was never supposed
to have attained the age of reason and experi-
ence. Such, at least, was the stern and haughty
spirit of the ancient law, which had been insen-
sibly mollified before the time of .lustinian. —
GiiinoNs Ho.MK, ch. 44, p. 'i'iT).
6119. WOMEN, Devotion c' Pittij. [That
Camillus, the Jioman general, might i)erform his
vow to Apollo, the .Senate and citizens were called
upon to assist him. They] all produced their
proportion, and it was resolved that a vase of
massy gold should be made and sent to l)eli)hi.
But as there was a scarcity of gold in the city,
while the magistrates were considering how to
l)rocure it, the Koman matrons met, and having
consulted among themselves, gave uptheirgold(!n
ornaments, whicli weighed eight talents, as an
730
WOMEN.
:.f
If *1 !
11 >i'
%^:
oircrin^Mo llie i^od. Aiil tho Scnntc, in lionorol'
their i)iL'ty, (UuTetMl llml Ihoy sliouM have funeral
onitions iih well iis tiic nicn^ which iiail nol been
the ciistoni het'ore. — Pi.irTAitcii's I'amiij.cs.
Ol'iO. WOMEN, Ferocious, /idr/ixruuis. [When
the Koniims (h'lealed the Aniljrones, they tied
throii!;!! their e imp, where] the women ineel-
ini; them with swords and axes, and setlinn- 'ipa
liorrid and hideous cry, fell upon the fugitives
us well as the pursuers, the former as traitors,
and the latter as enemies. Min;,ding with the
(•(jinbalants, tliey laid hold on ,'he Roman shields,
eatehed at their swonls with their naked hands,
and obstinately sulfered themselves to l)e haelied
in pieces. — Pi.fT.vitt us Caii s .Mai!ils.
0141. WOMEN in Government. Ito'olutionH.
It is somewhat extraordinary that most of the
revolutions of the Uonian State should li;iveowcd
their oriixin to women. To a woman Kome
owed the aliolltion of the reiral diLinity and the
establishment of the republic. To a woman she
owed her delivery from the tryanny of the de-
cemviri, and tin; restoration of tlie consular irov-
ernment ; and to i; wonian she owed that chan.i^'e
of the const iliU ion liy whic h th. p'elielans became
capable of holdinn' lhehiyhi-,t ollit'csof tlie com-
monwealth. [See Xo. r)7U).] — TvTLicit's llisr ,
Book ;{, ch. G, p. ;i48.
QVji'i. WOMEN and Government. Iiijiiri.r..
Arbitrary power spoils llu' shape of tiie fi)ot in
('hina ; hurrie< the Indian ^voman to her lius-
baiid's funci.d pile ; makes the daui^diters of Eve
in Persia mere chattels; gi.-es u woman the
twelfth shar(! of a Inisbaud in the dominions of
tile (Jrand Turk ; and renders them slaves of
duenna'^ and ^ovcrnautes in Spain and Italy.- -
K.Mciir's En(;., vol. ;■), ch. 21, ]). 418.
«I2:{. WOMEN, Hard hearted. ^t<;';inof .Ldiim
II. [Till.' ])roi)crty of tlu^ defeated reliefs, unde-
the Didveof .Moiuuouth, wascontisca' ;1, and i..-
torlion applied to all who could he sus])eete(l of
.symp;ilhy ; their lamilies we'-e left desti.ule,
•while the lud'oi-tiuiatc men were sold into sla-
very.] The ladies of the (pieen's household distin-
guished lh( niseh'cs |ire-cminenlly by rapacity and
hard-heartedness. I'art of the disgrace whicli they
incurred fallson [.Mary] their unstress for i: was
solely on account of the relation in whic'; they
stood to her that the}' were al)le to .'nric4i .licm-
selves by so odioirs a tradt; ; and there can be no
qiiestion that she might, with a woril or ii look,
liav'.; restrained them ; but, in truth, she . iicour-
aged them by he'- evil exiunple, if not by her ex-
press approbation. — Macaii-ay's Kno., ch. 5.
p, 005.
6124. WOMEN, Heroic. For Ji.f.v)n. \\\\
1(542, when the despotism of ( 'harles I. was being
broken,] women took i)art in this gri'.at (lueslion
of the time; with an ardor in which there is noth-
ing really ridiculous. The cavaliers laughed at
" the zealous sisterhood ;" but in a juster point of
view then; is something as heroic as the royalist
Countess of Deriiy's defence of Latham Ilouse
in the demeanor of the Puritan Ann Stugg, a
brewer's wife, wIkmi she went to the door of
the Ilouse of CJommons, at the head of u great
number of women of the nuddle class, and pre-
sented ii ]ielition, which said: "It may be
thought strange and imbecoming our .sex to show
ourselves here, bearing a petition to this lionor-
able assembly ; but Christ purchased us at as dear
a rate as Ilcdid mi'ii. and therefore re(|uir('th the
same obedience, for the same mercy, as of nu'n ;
wean? sharers in the public calanuties." I'ym,
till' speaker. I'oplied : " Uepair to your houses, we
entreat, and turn your petitions into ])iayers at
home for us." — IvMoiii's K.N(;., vol. W, ch. !}(),
p. IS!».
«|25. . /•'''"/•'/ MitrDoiKiUI. [After
the battle of Culloden in 174(i, Charles Edward,
the grandson of .lames If., who there lost all
ho|>e of gaining the liritish crowr., wandered
among the Ilighhuids, .seeking an escape to
France. Thirty thousand pounds had been
oll'ercd for his apprehension, and the country
was full of those who wci'e eager to find him.]
Ih^ wandered alone among the liills, till he was
enabled to escape to Skye. This he effected
through the comjias^ionatt! coura.u'c and sagacity
of Flora MacDonald. Charles ^^a^ dressed asa
female, when, with Flora and a faithful High-
lander, he went, to sea in an open boat. 'I'hey
landed at last in the .ountry of Sir Alexander
Mai;l)onald, who was ojiposed to the Jacobite
cause. Flora l)oldly appealed to tiie .sympathy of
the Jacobite chief. Lady j>Lirgaret AlacDonald,
and t!n-( ■ ^ii her aid Charles was enabled to es.
cai)e ir(/in the danger which h(^ might have en-
countered in this hostile district. ~ Knight's
Em;., \dl, (i. ch. !i, \>. 1T."i.
012<>. WOMEN honored. Ann'nif Gcrmnm.
[The (iei-nian !!arli.ii'iaMs| treated their women
with esteem and conlidence, consulted them on
every (yi'asion of importance, and fondly be-
lieved ,; it in their brc.-ists resided a sanctity and
wisdom more than huinaii. Some of the inter-
|)rcters of fate, such as Velleda, in the Latavian
war, governed, in the name of the Deity, the
liere(.'st nations of (Jermany. The rest of the .sex,
without being adored as goddesses, were respect-
ed as the free luid e(pial compani(,ns of soldiers,
associated e\in ''_,• the marriage cere;nony to a
life of toil, of danger, and of glory. Jn their
great invasions the cam])s of the iiarbiu'iaus were
tilled with a multitude of woine!i, who remained
firm and inidaunted amid the .sound of aims,
the various forms of destruction, and 'he honor-
able wounds of their sons and husbands. — Ci,'.-
lio.N's RoMi;, ch. !), ]i. 2tiS.
01 '27. WOMEK, Injustice to. />',// X'Mifi/. The
statuteof thirty-tirst Henry VI. shows how ' un-
sali.'ibie ce.vetousn ss " had moved "divers peo-
pl(! of great ])ower against all right, gentleness,
truth, and good conscience." Their olfence was
the " grt.at abusing of ladies, gentlewomen, and
other women sole, having any substance of
lands, tenements, or niov.ilih' goiwls." To such
they come " promising faithful frieiidshi|) ; " and
jierceiving tlu'ir great innocency and simplicity,
" carried them off by f;)rce, or inveigled them to
l)laces where they were of jiowcr, and com])elled
them to sign obligations for money for their lib-
erty. Also . . . they -will many times comiiel
them to l)(^ married to them, contrary to their
likings." — Knuwit's En(i., vol. 2, ch. 8, p. 11:5.
6128. WOMEN, Insults from. Co ward, 'i.
[When the Goths surrendered iiavennafo the Ro-
mans, after a protracted siege,] multitudes of tall
iuid robust Rarbarians were confounded by the
masculine females, sititting in the faces of their
sons and husbands, most bitterly reproached
them for betraying their dominion and freedom
WOMEN.
r3i
to tlu'st; i)i{i;inies of the soiitli, contcmplible in
lliciriuiiul)c'iN, (liiniimlivc in their atiituro. — Gii"-
iion's iio.Nti;, ell. 11, p. IHl.
« 1 2ft. WOMEN, Patriotic, /iostoii, IIIIQ. Tlie
.l;teriiiiniilii)ii to kccpclciir of paying the I'arliii-
Micnl's tiixesspit'ud into every sociiil cirelc. One
\\('ek tlirce iiuiulrcd wives of Boston, the next ii !
inunh((l imd len more, willi one huiKh'cd iuid |
iweniy-six of the \onnn .'iiid iinniMrried of their I
sex, r('nounee<l tiie use of tea till the reNcn'ie |
i.'cts sliould l)e ntpealed. How eonUlthe troops I
interfere? — IJAScitoKi's U. S., \'ol. (>, e,i. 48. i
«i;iO. WOMEN iu Politics. Cirero's Wtfc. '
Terentia was hy no means of a meek and timid
di'<pos!tiv)n, l)Ut liad her ambition, and (as (lieei'o '
hin\self says) look u grealei- share with hun in
j'li'lities tlian she pernutled him to have in domes- j
t.'e l)i!sines-;.— Pi.fr.MM it's Ciciono. j
«<i;{|. WOMEN, Power of. " Sxip." [In Lon- j
don great ado was made about soa]) when ;
Charles 1. sold the mono[)oly of its manufaeture.
Women complained that the new so;i|) burned
till' linen, scalded the laundrc'sses' fingers, and
wasted in keeping. 'I'lie king commands the
Ijord Mayor of London to lie reprimanded for]
ins piisillaintiiiiy in this business, being afraid
ofatrooj) of Women that el.amorously petitioned
him ai;ainst the new soap IvNKiiir'is K\(i.,
vol. ;5,' eh. 2(J, p. 410.
«i:i'2. WOMEN, Preaching by. .V>t/i odium.
[.Mr. Wesley pei-initted Mi.ss Mar}' IJosiuupiet, |
.Miss Crosby, and Miss Triji]) to e.\hort in rustic '
assend)lies. His mother had held similar meet-
ings at the Ki)\vorlh J{cclory, an<l had therein
tilled tlu^ parish church. J Also in later years
Mary Fletcher had a seal elevated a step or two
above the level of the floor, \vhence she addressed ;
the people in the several chapels which she and
her husband ciccted in the vicinity of >radeley.
— Stkvkns' .Mktiiodism, vol. li, p. 2(\H.
6i;W. WOMEN, Reform by, (Vuirc/i. [In lOIH,
when Cliarlcs J. attcnnpled by his ministers to
force the litur.sry ui)on the .Scots, they experienced '
great trouble from the women. In Olasgow,
when the Hisho[) of Argyle began tobtlieiale in
the use of the ritual,) the servant-maids began
such ;i tumult as was never heard since the l{ef- '
formation in our nation [says a witness of the i
.scene]. .lant! or ,I;uiet t^ieddes tlung a little !
folding-stool whereon she sat at tiie deim's i
head, saying, " (Jut, tlnni false thief I dost thou '
say the mass at my lug V" ... At Edinburgh
preachers who defend the liturgy are maltreat-
ed, and mostly " I)y enraged women of all (jutili-
ties." . . . 1" ro'ii the date of this violent defi-
ance of the principles and habits of the Scottish
people, the reign of Charles becomes the turn-
ing-i)oinl in English history. — K.NUiirr's Enc!.,
vol. 3, ch. 17, p. 4;5().
etii'l. WOMEN, Rights of. Mahomrian. Ma-
liomel said ; . . . " i) men ! you have rightsover
your wives, and they have eipially riglits over
you. . . . Hememl)er that they are in your
iiou.ses like captives submitted to a master, and
who liave notliing reserved to themselves. They
have delivered you their body and their soul on
the faith of (lod. They are a .sacred deposit
thai God lias intrusted to you." — LAMAUTI^E's
TuuKicv, p. 14.J.
Oi:i5.
Mm. Aitiic llntt'huDiiin.
^losl prominent among tiiose who wen; said
to be "as bad as l{oger Williams, or wor.se,"
was .Mrs. Anne ilutehitrson, a woman of genitis
who laid come over in the ship with Sir Henry
Vane. She desired the privilege of sjieaking at
the weekly debates, and was refused. Women
had no business at these assemblies, said the
elders, indignant at this, she became the eham-
liioii of her .sex, and declared that the ministers
who were defrauding women of the gospel were
no better than Pharisees. She called meetings
of her friends, spoke; nuicli in public, and plead-
ed with great fervor for the full freedomof con-
science. 'I'he libcr.al doctrines of the exile<l
Williams -ivere rcallirmed with more power and
elo(pience than ever. .Many of tlu' magistr.ates
were converted to the new belief ; the governor
him.self espoused the cause of ,Mrs. Hutchinson,
and a majority of llu; (leople at Hoston inclined
to her oi)iMions. For a wldle flu re wjis a reign
of discord ; but as soon as Sir Henry's lerm of
oflice expired a call was issued for ;i meeting of
the synod of New England. The body convened
in .Vuguslof l(j;iT ; a decree was ])ro|io.sed ; Mrs.
Hutehinson and her friends weic declared unht
for the society of Christians, and banished from
the territory of .Massachusetts. AVith a large
number of friends the exiles wended their way
to the house of Roger AVilliams. ^Miantonomoh,
a Narr.agansett chieftain, niiide them a gift of the
beautiful island of Uliode Island, 'i'here, in the
month of March, Kill, a little republic was cs-
t.ablished, in whose conslilution IVeedom of con-
science was guai'anteed and persecution for opin-
ion's saki forbiilden. — |{ii)i'.\ ill's V . S., eh. l:i,
p. i;}i.
Oi;t<i. WOMEN, Rivalry of. <'t,nj,„/rii. [An-
tony's wife) Octavi.a . . . hadepiilled Kometo join
him, and w.as .already arrived at .\thens. Cleo-
patra rightly pereiiveil that she came only to
dispute An oii\ hiart with her. She was afraid
that with ner uriue. wisdom, anil gravity of
manners, if she h.id time to m.ake use of her
modest, but lively and insinuating attractions,
to win her husband, llial she would gain an ab-
solute ])owerover him To avoid which dangir,
sh(! afTeeled to be dying fur love of Antony,
and with tli.al view made Im i>elf lean and wan,
by taking very little nourishment. \Vliene\'ei
he entered her a|iarlment she looked iii)on him
with an air of surpri-i and ama/ement, amf
when he left her seenie(l to languish with sorrow
;ind dejection. She often contrived to appeal
bathed in tears, and at the same moment en-
(leavore(l to c'ry and conceal tliem, as if to hide
from liini hei weakness and disorder. Antony,
who feareil nolhing so much as oeeasioning the
least uneasiness lo ( 'leopiitra, wrote letters to Oc-
tavia to order her to slay for him at Athens, and
to come no farther, liecituse lie was upon the
point of iind( rtaking some ik^w expedilion. , . .
'I'liat virtuous Roman lady, dissembling tlu;
wrong he did her, sent to him to know where it
would be agreeable to him to have the presents
carried which she had designed for him, since
he did not think fit to let lier deliver them in
person. Antony received this second eoinpli-
meiit no beller tinin the first ; and ('leo|)atra,
who had prevented his seeing Octavia, would
not permit him to receive anything from her.
1 1 I
t O V
WOMEN— WOHDS.
1*1
I
*
Oi'liiviM w;is oblim'il llicrcfon; tu return to
Kdriic without liuviii^r produced luiy otIuT
cU'ccI by her voyii;;c tjiati tlmt of niakiii^f Aii-
iiiuv iiiori) ii)('X('usal)l(! — Uoi.i.in's Hist., Hook
«l:l7. WOMEN, Ruined by. SpartiDiH.
Aiui.l .ill tlmt rigid austerity of inaiMicrs vvliicli
tlic laws of lA'curgtisscctn culculatfMl {o enforce,
how astonishing is it. that public dcKcney and
ilccoruiu should have lieeii totally overlooked !
Till' Spartan ''..Mn(ni were the reproach of (Jreeec!
for their iinuMdesiy ; and Aristotle imputes
chielly to tli.'ir licentiousness and intemperance
those disoidi rs whieii were ultimately tlie ruin of
the State, The men and women frequented pro-
miscuously tlu! public baths ; the youth of both
s(^xes ran, wrestled, and fought nakeil in tin, pa-
lu'stra, . . . The laws of Lycurgus permitted one
citi/en to borrow another's wife, for the purpose
of a good breed, and litild it no dislujiior for
an aged man who had a handsome wife to offer
her to a young man, and to educate as his own
the issue of that coimection. The chief end of
marriage, according to the lawgiver's notions,
was to furnish the State with a vigorous and
liealthj- race of citizens. — Tytlkh's Hist.,
Hook I, ch, !», p, !)t,
«I!W. WOMEN rule Men. Cato. Cato the Cen-
sor, speaking nl the power of wouuui, .said : " AH
men naturally govern the women, we govern
all men, and our wives govern as." — Plutaucu's
(!at(),
« 1 :8». WOMEN, Testimony of. Fii'xt in Co iirt.
When Taniuinia, a vestal, gave another adjacent
Held to the public, slu was lionored with great
lirivileges, particularly that of giving her testi-
mony ii" court, which was refu.sed tt) all otlier
Women ; they likewi.s(( vot(;d her liberty to
marry, but she did not accept it. — Pi.l'Takch.
«I 10. WOMEN, Warriors of. Dahmiie)/. In
Abomey, the capital of the kin.gdom of Dahomey,
there are within the palace barracks live Ihou-
.simd Amazons of the king's army which live in
celibacy uniler the ear; of eumichs. — Ai'i'i.tc-
ton's Cvil,OI'i:i)IA, " AUOMKY."
01-11. . ytntb/fui. [In the bloody
battle between f be Chi istians and Malwmetans
near the Lake Tiberias, in the army of the Mua-
sulin,iiis, ilielast] line was oceui)ie(l by the sister
of Derar, with tlu^ Arabian women who had en-
li-ited ill this holy war, who were accustomed to
wield the bow and. the laiice, and who in u mo-
nieni of captivity had defeiu'ed, against the un-
ciiciimciscd ra'i.- hers, their chastity and religion.
The c.\liortatio;i of the generals was brief and
forcible : " Paradise is before you, the devil and
hell-j'ire in your rear." Yet such .,\i.s iI. :.> ■iveigbt
of the Roman cavaiiy, that the right ving of
(he Ar.ibs was broke. i i.nd .separated fn.ni the
iiiair. body. Thrice did t.'iey retreat in di.s(.rder,
and thrice were they drivei; back to the charge
by the reiiroaches and blows of the women -
(Jhibo.n'.s Homk, ch. ."il, \). 20.S.
«|.|2. WOMEN, Warriors of. Sermid Crimdde.
I '{'he .second crusade was led bj' the sovereigns ;
(^)nrad III, and Louis VIL] Under the ban- i
iiers of Conrad u troop of females rode in the :
attitudes and armor of men; and the chief of i
these Amazons, from her gilt spurs and bus- i
kins, obtained the epithet of the (Jolden-footed
Dame, --(iiniioN's Uo.mi:, ch. ."ii), p, (5,
OI<i;t. WONDER, Superstitious. Sun Salvnilor.
[The natives,] when they had still further recov-
ered from their fears, aiiproached the Span-
iards, touched their beards, and e.xamined their
hands and faces, admiring their whiteness. Co-
lumbus was pleased witli their gentleness and
conlidii'g simplicity, and suirereil their scrutiny
with pcrfei'l ac(|iiicsceiice, W'lming Ihcm by his
benignity. Tlicy now supposed that the ships
had sailed out of the crystal tirmamciit which
bounded their horizon, or had descended from
above on their aini)le wings, and that these mar-
vellous beings were inhabitants of the skies. —
IiiviNd's Com Miiis, Hook 4, ch, 1.
Oil I. WORDS, Backing for. /j/D<ini]<>: When
a citizen of .Mcgara treah'd liysander with great
freedom, in a certain conversation, he said, " My
friend, those words of thine slioidd not come but
from strong walls un.d bulwarks."- -Pi, UTAitcii'rt
IjYSANDKK.
«I 15. WORDS, Hasty. Ifcnri/ IT. [Archbishop
Tliomasj Hecket gloried in his heart at this tri-
umph »!:ich served only to increa.se liis ambi-
tion, insolence, and jiresumption. The conde-
.scension of Henry convinced him of his own su-
l)eriority and of his sovereign's weakness, lie
iiegan to make trium])hal processions tlirough
the kingdom, and to exercise his s])iritual and
judiciai iiowers with the most arbiti'ary increa.se
of authority. The Archliishop of York, who,
in his abst'iice, crowned the king's eldest .son,
was sus|ien(lcd from his function, as were sev-
eral other prelates who had oniciatcd at the so-
lemnity. De])osition and excommunication
were daily occurreiuies, and Heiiiy, who was
then in Normandy, heard with snrprist! and in-
dignation that his whole kingdom was in a Haiiio
from the turbulent and tyrannical conduct of
the ]irimate. A few hasty words which he ut-
tered up(Ui the first iiiteliigenoe of these disor-
ders were inter])reted by some of nis .servants
into a mandate. Four of them immediately em-
barked for England, where they arrived next
day, and finding Hecket in the act of celebrating
v(>spers in the cathedral church of Canterbury,
they beat out his brains before the altar. Thus
the man who ought to iiave fallen by public jus-
tice as a traitor was, from the mode of his death,
consid( red as a saint and nv.rtyr. The murder
of Ik'cket gav(; the king unfeigned concern ; he-
saw that his death would ])r<)(luee those very ef-
fects with nigard to the church wliicli he most
wished to i)revent ; and that the bulk of liissub-
je(;ts, bliiKted by tlu; infliKaice of their priests and
confes,sors, would consider him as his murderer.
He made the most ample submissions to the pope,
who pardoned him on a.ssuranee of .sincere re-
pentance. — Maoali-ay's Eng., Book 6, ch. 8,
p. 140.
6 1 '16. WORDS, Origin of. " Sandirich." The
re])Utiition of Ijonl Sandsvich has survived as one
of the iiio:.! profligate in his Drivate life, and one
of the meanest in lii.s,', '': ."' • His club-
gambling has giv.r' ■ •.■•,.-( ■,,: a hi' ■f beef be-
tween two slice. ^ • i ))' •■;, ' (he .-r.iv "ood he
took for four-and-twe'>! Iio'ir'- ^. i'l;.,>i;t ever
(juitfing 1:-- game, — i N.'n. .s i\r;., jo\. ^^
ch, 6, p. 1C1
iSSSBE
WORDS— W0UK8.
738
em. WORDS, Thrillingr. At the Stnhr. No
nioiiiiincnt is ncccHHiiry to coinmcinoralc iiii cvciil
whicli will !)(' rciiiciiibcn'd, tl'.roujifli tlic ])ow('r
of a few tlirillin,!^ words, us loiiij; us llic En.i^lish
luiif?uaf;(! shall ciKliirc Strii)i)e(l of liin prison
dr(!ss, tli(! a;;i'(l Lalimur — the Ih'iiI, old man —
" stooil holt uprji^lil, as comely a fatlicr as one
mi^jlil liijhlly Ix'liold." II(^ stands holt uprii^lit
ill his shroud. Itidk^y and he "stand coupled
for a common fiij^ht," and la; says, " !}(' of f^ood
comfort, Master Itidley, and play Ihe man ! We
shall this day light such a candU^, by God's
prace, m England, as shall never he put out." —
Knkhit's Enh., vol. !5, ch. 0, p. 91.
6I4N. WORK, Change in. SoiMc//. It was
part of Soul hey 's regimen to carry on .several
works at once; ; this he found to he economy of
time, and lu! helieved it ncK'essary for tin; pres-
ervation of his health. Whenever one ohjecl
cntin^ly occupied his attention, it haunted him,
oppressed him, troubled his dreams. 'I'he rem-
edy \vassimi)l(; — lodoone thing in the morning,
(Uiother in the eveiung. 'I'o lay down ])oetry and
presently to attack history suems feasible, and no
ill policy for one who is forced to take all he can
out of himself. — I)()wi>i:n's S(>i:tiikv, ch. 5.
«ll». WORK, Dignity in. li"i/iilti/. We read
in Homer of |irincesscs Iheinselves drawing
water from springs, and washing, with Iheirown
hands, the linen of their resi)(!ctiv(: fandlie.s.
Here the sisters of Alexander — tliat is, tlu; daugh-
ters of a powerful prince, are employed in m;!k-
ing clothes for their brother. The celebrated
Ijucretia used to spin in the midst of her female
attendants. Augustus, who was soviireign of the
world, wore, for several yisars together, no oth-
er clothes but what Ids wife and sister made idin.
It was a custom in the northern parts of the
world, not many years since, for the ])rinces
who tlien sat upon the throne to ]m'i)arc .several
of the dishes at every meal. In a woi'd, iieiuUe-
work, the care of domestic alfai'^s, a sen lus and
retired life, is Ihe proi)er function of women, and
for this they were designed by Providence. —
Rollin's Hist., Book 15, t; 9.
6150. WORK, End of. 7?«'rf«, the Eiif/lish
Monk. The noblest proof of liis love of Eng-
land lies in the work which immortalizes his
name. In liis "Ecclesiastical History of the
English Nation," Byedii was at once; the found-
er of mediti'val history and the first English his-
torian. . . . Biuda longed to bring lo an end his
version of St. .John's Gospel into the English
tongue and liis extracts from Bishop Isidore.
" I don't want my hoys to read a lie," he an-
swered those who would have had him rest, " or
to work to no purpo.se after I am gone." A few
days before Ascension-tide his sickne.s,s grt.'w
ujion him, but he spent the whole day in leach-
ing, only saying cheerfully to liis scholars,
" Learn with what speed you may : I know not
liow long I may last." The dawn broke on an-
olher sleepless night, and again the old man call-
ed his scholars round him and badt! tin in wriH'.
"Tliere is still a (chapter wanting," said the scribe,
us the morning drew on, "and it is litird for thee
to cpiestion thy.sclf any longer." " It is easily
done," said Ba'da ; "take thy i)en and write
cpiickly." Amid tears and farewells the day
wore on to eventide. ' ' There is yet one sentence
unwritteu, dear master," said the boy. " Write
it (pnckly," bade the dying man. " It is finish-
ed now, ' said the little scribe at last. " You
speak truth, ■ .said the master, "all is linished
now." Placed upon Ihe pavemcnl, iiis head siiii-
ported in his s(!holar's arms, his face turned to
Ihe si)ot wh(!re he was wont to pray, Bu'da chant-
ed Ihe solemn "Glory lo God."" As his voice
reached the close of Ids .song he passed cpiielly
away. — Hist, ok E.no. I'i:oi'i,i;, ^ (>1.
0131. WORK, Life. Cidiinihiix. It is a curious
and characteristic fact . . . that the recovery
of tlie holy sepulchre was one of the great (li)jc(■l^l
of his ambition, meditated tliroughoul tiic re-
mainder of Ids life, and solemnly |)rovidi'd for
in his will. In fact, he subsecpicntly ((insidercd
it tlu! main work for which he was ( Ikiscii by
Heaven as cnagenl, and that his great discovery
was but a preparatory dis|iensalion ;if Provi-
dence lo furnish means for its acconiiilisiinu'nt.
— IiiviNo's Con'Miuis, Book 'Z, cli. 0.
0152. WORK, Silent. Htaphai A. lh,uuh,H. If
any man could get a hill through Congress, he
could. He did not care much to shine as a speak
er, and, indeed, he did not excel as a speaker in
Congress. What he jirided himself uprm was his
skill and success in getting a troublesome meas-
ure passed, and in eirecting this, lie was (|uit(!
willing that others sliould have all the gloiy of
openly advocating it. Hi; has been known lo
si)en(f two y(;ars in engineering a hili, devot-
ing most of his time to it, ami yet never once
speaking upon it. This was the case with the,
long .series of measures which resulted in the Illi-
nois Central Railroad. — Cvclothdia or Bio(i.,
p. 20(1.
0153. WORKERS wanted. Colonixh. [Thi'
London Company, which coloiii/.ed Virginia,!
thought that the unskilled ami idle, wiio would
starve ".t home, might jirosper in another hemi-
sphere, [.lohn] Smith wrote to the corjioration
that when they sent again, they should rather
send but thirty cari)ent(Ts, husbandmen, garden-
ers, fishermen, black.smiths, masons, and even
diggers up of the roots of trees, than a Ihousand
such as had last come out, — Knioht's Enci.,
vol. 3, ch. 'i-i, ]). 'M'>.
0154. WORK, Worth by. O.vi,,. They share
with man in the labors of husliaudiy, and s[)ar(i
him the greatest i>art of the t(»il. Hence il was
that the ox, the laborious ('(jinparuon of man in
tilling the ground, was so highly regarded by
the ancients, that whoever had killed one of
them was punished with death, as if he had kill-
ed a citizen ; no d()u)»t, because he wasestccaiie.l
a kind of murderer of the human race, whose
nourishment of life stood in absolute need of Ihe
aid of this a'r.mal. — Roi.mn's Hist., Book 24,
art. 4.
0155. WORKS, ftood. Zoroaxtrr. [By the
teaching of Zoroaster the] .saint, in the Magiau
religion, is ohligt'd to beget children, to plant
useful trees, to destroy noxious animals, to con-
vey water to the dry lands of Persia, ai;d to
work out his salvation by pursuing all ihelaboivi
of agrieultiue. We may <|uole from tin- Zend-
avesta a wise and bei\ 'volent maxim, which com-
pensates for many an .d)surdity. " He who sows
the ground with care and diligence acquires a
greater stock of religious merit than be could
73-t
VVOItKS— WOKSIIIP.
f^iiiii tiy the repetition of ton tiiousand priiyers. "
— UmitONS I{(IMK, ell. H, J). !>;{."),
6150. WORKS, JuBtifioation by. fjithiT. No
mailer iiow nu;ili lu; Hlii(lie(i mid i)riiye(l, no
inaller liow severely lie ciisti^raled liiniself witli
fasliii!^ and waleliin!;, lie found no peace to his
soul. I'lveii when h(! imagined thai lie had sal-
islied the law, In; often despaired of j^etlini; rid
of his sins and of securinj^ ihu grueo of God. —
Kki.n's LiTirKii, eh. !}, p. ;{!).
6157. WORLD, Origin of the. Thnh.i. Tlw.
nielaphysical opinions of 'I'hiiies are lait inqxr-
feelly known. He su|)|)osed the world to he
frunied liy the Deity out of lh(^ original element
of water, and animated hy His cs.senee as the;
l)()dy is i)y IIk! soul ; that the Deity tliond'ore re-
sided in every portion of spae" ; and tliat lids
world was only a pfreat temple, where the sight
of everytliing around him reminded man of that
CJreat Heini;- wideli inliahiled and pervadoil it. —
Tyti-ku'8 (iiHT., Hook '2, cli. !), p. ;»(il.
«I5*i. WORLDLINESS rebuked. .'<'>rriif>:i. [At
his trial he made a noble defenee. | Slioidd yon
resolve to accpiit me, on ccjiidilion that I keep
silence for llio future, I should not liesitale to
make answer, "Atlieiiians, I iionor.ind love you,
hut I shall choosi^ ratlur to oluy Uod than
you, and to my latest l)reatli shall never renounce
l)hilosophy, nor eeasc! loexhiMt and reprov(j you
according to my custom, hy iclling leh of you
when you come in my way, My good i' iend, an I
citi/.en of the most f.imous city in ihe world for
wisdom and valor, are you not ashamed of hav-
ing no oilier thoughts than tliat of amassing
wealtli and of ac(iuiring glory, credit, and dig-
nities, while you iiegleet Ihe treasures of pru
dcncc, trulli, and wisdom, I'.rid tak(; no pains iu
rendering your sou! as good and perfect as it
is cai)id)l(! of heiiig V" — l{oi,i,i.\'8 llisr., Hook 9,
ell. 4, j; f).
6159. WORSHIP, Apostates from. Sniiviri-
(iiiis. I X(.'arly two hundred years before Clirist
Antiochus Epiphanes liitterly i)ersecuted tlie
Jitws at Jerusalem. (See No. Gltiti.) 'I'lie Samar-
ilansj presented .a petition to tlie king, in wliieh
tliey declared themselves not to lie .iews, and
desired lli.it their temple, built on Mount Geri-
ziih. whicli till then liad not been dedicated to
any deily in particular, might lieiieeforward h(;
dedicated lo the Gn;cian .Jui)iter, and l)e calle(l
after his n.ame. Aniioclius received their peti-
tion very graciously, jiiid ordered Xieanor,
i( puty-governor of the jjrovince ot Samaria, to
dedicate their lemple to the Grecian .lupiter as
they had desired, and not to molest them in any
manner. — IIoi.t-in's Hist., Hook 19, ch. 'Z, ^ '.I.
6I<»0. WORSHIP, Cheerful. Tii AilirmU/.
[Wlien Hannibal had slaughtered tlie Ilonian
army and endangered the cai)ital, IIk; grief was
universal. I Faliiiis Ma.Kimus fixed both the
place and time for mourning, allowed thirty
days for that purpose in a man's own house,
and no more for the eity in general. And as
the feast of (^ercs fell within that time, it was
thought lietter entirely to omit the .solemnity,
than by the small numbers and tlie melancholy
looks of those that should attend it, to disc(.ver
the greatness of their lo.ss : for the worship most
acceptable to the gods is that whicli comes from
cheerful hearts. — PLUTAUcn'sFAmusMA.M.vius,
6161. WORSHIP, Constrained. Ileitf/nii. It
ap|)ears that Nnm.a's religious institutions in
general are very e, and that this in particu-
lar is highly coiidu e to t hi! purposes of jiiety —
namely, that when " n>agistrates or priests are
employed iu any sai i i < cremony, a herald gee.s
before, and proclaims aloud, " J/oc aiji:" — i.e.,
"be attentive' to this;" thereliy commanding
(tveryliody to regard Ihe solemn acts of r(^ligion,
and not to sulTcr any business or avocation to in-
lerveiieand disturb them ; as well knowing that
men's attention, es|)eelally in what concerns the
worship of the gods, is seldom (Ixed, but by a
sort of violence and constraint. — I'l.UTAUC'n'rt
Cah's Mauh's,
6162. WORSHIP, Dreadful. Drniils. "There
! is," says lie |liUeiiin], "without tlu' walls of
.Marseilles a sacred grove, which had never been
touched by a.xe since the creation. The trees of
it gr(!W so tiiick, and were so interwoven, that
i they suffercMl not the rays of the sun to pierce
! thi-ough liieir blanches ; hut a dreary damp and
; perfect darkness icigned Ihroiigli Ihe i)lace.
Neither nymphs nor .sylvan gods could inhaliit
this recess, it being destined for the most inhu-
man inystiTies. There was nolhing to lie seen
theic but a multitude of altars, upon whicli
I hey .saeriticed huiiian victims, whose blood dyed
the trees with horrid crimson. If ancient tra-
dition m.iy be credited, no bird ever perc'ied
u|)oii tlv Ir biiughs, no lieast ever trod under
them, no wind e\er lilew throu'rii them, nor
tliundeil)olt did ever loucli them. The.se (all
I oaks :;-; well as the Iilack water that winds in
(lil''erii I channels through the place, til! the
mind with dread anil horror. Tlie tigures of
the god of the gnive are a kind of rude and
siiapeless trunks, covered over with a dismal
yellow moss. It is the geniiiH of tlu- Gauls,"
continues he, "thus to reverence gods of whom
I they know not the ligure ; and their ignorance
! of the ohjirt of till ir iriirnhi]} increases their ven-
eration. Tliere is a report tliat thi^ grove is often
shaken and strangely agitated, and tliat dread-
ful sounds .'lie heard fromitsdeep recesses ; that
the trees, if destroyed or thrown down, ari.se
again of them.sc'lves ; that the forest is some-
times seen lo bc'on lii I v it bout lieing consumed,
and tliat llie oaks arc Iwined about with mon-
strous serpents. The Gauls dare not live in it,
from the awe of the divinity that inliahits it,
and to whom they entirely abandon it. Only
at noon and at midnight a priest goes tremliliiig
into it, to celebrate its dreadful mysteries; and
is in continual fear lest the deity to whom it is
consecrated should appear to liim." — Tytj.kk'h
llisi. , Hook Ty, ch. (!, p. ;{4.
6163. WORSHIP enforced. \>'w Kin/land Pn-
ritiinn. 'JMie magistrates insisted on the pres-
ence of every man at \>ublic worship ; [Roger]
Williams reprobated ihe ]aw ; the worst stat-
ute in the English code was that wliicli did bin
enforce atteiulance upon the parisli cliurcli. . . .
" An. iinbelicNing soul is dead in .sin,'' such w.is
ids argument ; and to force the inditTcrent froir.
one worship to anotlicr, " wa.s like sliifting a
dead man into several clianges of apparel."—
Hanchok'i's U. S., vol. 1, ch. !).
6164. WORSHIP, Idolatrous. Anrinit Ger.
iiiiiiia. They adored tlicgri:>i visilile olijcftsand
agents of nature, the sun and the moon, the lire
m
\V()1{81IIP— WltlTIN'O.
735
*. It
IH ill
rlicii-
■ty-
M tire,
goes
-«'.''.,
idin;;
Kioii,
to in-
lliat
Die
l.y ii
l( ll'rt
and tho oartli, tof^cllicr willi tliosc^ imu^^iniiry
<l('ili('s wlio Wen; siiiiposed to preside over tiic
most iinportimtocciipiitioiiHol' li\iiniiii life, Tiicy
W(M'(! iKirsimdcd tlnil, liy some ridiculous arts of
divination, they could discover the will of iho
superior liein^s, iind that human sacritlces were
the most precious and iu;ce[)lal)le olTerin^ to
their altars.— (Jiiujon's IIomk, ch. i>, p. 2(ll(.
«l«5. WORSHIP of Images. Anr/n)/ Chris-
tian. One threat article of dissension was the
Worship of imai;?es, which had hceii j^radually
i^aiiiing ij;roun(l for some ccniluries. It arose
tirst from the custom of having? criicilixes in
privati; houses, and portraits of our Saviour and
Ills apostles, which soinetimes heinn'of consider-
able value, were, amonj^ other reli!i;ious dona-
tions, heiiueatheil by dyini^ |)ers()ns lothe churcli,
where they were displayed on solemn festivals.
The ('lerj^y at lirst took pains to repress that
superstition. In the year HDiJ we find St. EpipLii-
niiis ])ulled down an imai^c in a church of
Syria, before which hi; found an ii^noranl person
sayinii; prayers. Others, however, of his breth-
ren were; not so circumsjiect or scrupulous, and
in time tlu; i)riests even found their interest in
encounii^iiiu: the practice ; for particular ima;j;es
in particul.ir churches, acipiirini,^ a lii!j;her de-
Ufrce of celebrity than others, and fretting tlii!
rtipiitation of performing miraculous cures, the
i^rateful donations' that W(;re made to the church
were a very considerable emolument to tlu; ec-
clesiasiics. — 'rvT[-i:ii's Hist., Uuok 6, ch. 3,
p. H-'.
6I««. WORSHIP, Perilous. Jn-uxulnn. An-
tiochus, at his return from lynypt, exasperatetl
to see forcibly torn from him by the Romans a
crown which he looked upon ahead}' as his own,
mad(! the .Jews, thoui^h they had not oireiidcd
him in any luanucr, feel the whole, weij^ht of
his wrath. . . . ApoUonius |his otlicer] arrived
there [at .leriisalem] just two years after this
city had been taken by Antiochus. At his first
comiiin' he did not b"hav(! in any manner as if
ho had receiv(.'d such cruel orders, and waited
till the lirst Sabliath-day before he executed
tliem. But then, seeing all tho peoi^le assem-
liUul peaceably in tho synagogues, and engaged
in paying their rc'ligious worshi)) to the Crea-
tf)r, he put in execution tho barbarous commi.s-
sion 111,' had received, and setting all his troop.s
upon them, he commanded them to cut to
pieces all the men, and to seize all the women
and chiklreii, in order that
posed to sale. These coiiuuai
with the utmost cruelty and rigor. .Not a single
man was .spared, all they could find being
cruelly butchered, insomuch that the streets
streamed with blood. The city was afterward
plundered, and lire set to several jiarts of it, after
all the riches that could he found had been
carried oil. [See Xo. Gl.")i).J — Rolmn's Hist.,
Book 19, ch. 2, ^i 15.
6l6r. WORSHIP, Retreat from, Jcffermi
Damn. The church bells [of Ric'hmond] called,
a.s usual, the inhabitants to the house of worship,
and Davis, among the rest, anil all was peaceful
and quiet. ... In the midst of the .service a
messenger approached the pew in which the
Confederate President sat and handed him a
slip of paper. It was from the War Department,
v'ontaining a despatch from Lee, to have every-
thev might be ex-
uikIs were obeyed
thing ready for the evacunlion of Hiclimond by
eight o'('lock at night. Mad a thunderbolt fallen
from a cloudless sky hi; could not have been
more appalled. Crushing back the emotions of
his heart, he rose and left the church. — 1Ii:au-
I.KV'S (}UANT, p. 'J'-J;t.
« I ox*. WORSHIP of Science. Timom: |Timonr
the Tartar) went to pray iiidilVereiitly on tho
tombs of the Christian saints and on those of
the noted dervishes. His worship of scien(;«
and virtue was impartial ; was ii |ihiliisophy,
was it policy'.' Nothing in history explains lhi.ij
mystery in the life; of the coiKiueror. — [j.\m.vu-
ti.nk's TiiiKi'.v, p. nil.
61«9. WORSHIP, Substitute for. To S,nn>id
Jo/iimoii. Dr. .lolin Camiibcll, the celebrated
liolitical and biographical writer, being nien-
lioiied, John.son said : . . . "Ciaipbell is a good
man, a pious man. I am afraid he has not Jieen
in the inside of a church for many years ; but he
never passes a church witluait pulling oil his
hat. 'i'liis shows that he has good inim iples." —
BOSWHI-I.'S JoilNSO.N, p. 11,").
6170. WORTH, Moral, /.oiii.t IX. Louis
IX. stands forth in history an evernieniorablo
instance of the inherent power of high moral
and religious ])riiiciple, when faithfully and
consistently carried out through a whole life.
. , . Voltaire, no iiartial panegyrist in such a
case, has said of liini that "it is not given to
man to carry virtue to a higher point." Louis
was canonized on the 11th of August, ]2'M,
by PojM' Boniface V'lll. — Stidio.nis' Fh.vnci;,
ch. 9, S (i.
Oiri. WOUNDS, Honorable. Tiiiioi,,-. [Ti-
mour the Tartar bore tlie| name of Timour
Lenk, or Tiinnur the Laiiu'. This suiiiMnie,
which alluded both to his inlirniity and i)reco-
eiouH glory, was given liini in consequence of a
wound on the leg recei\(d in lighting for his
country, lie jiaraded it as a title of honor, and
added it liiiiiself to his name. — L.\.m autink's
TiuKKV, ]). ;i<)l.
0172. . S'l/iliir. [Sertorius wius
a soldier from his youth.] Nor did his martial
intrepidity abate wlicn he arrived at the degree
of general. His pergonal exploits were still
great, and he faced danger in the most fearless
manner ; in conseiiuence of which he had oiu-
of his eyes struck out. This, Iiowe\er, heahvays
gloried in. II(! said others did not ahvayscarry
about with them the honoraltle badges of their
valor, but sonietiines laid aside tlieir chains,
their trunch(ciiis, and coronets, while he had
perpetually the evidences of his bravery about
him, and those who saw his mi.Hfortuiie at the
same lime behold his courage. The jieoplo,
too, treated him with the highest respect, — Plu-
T.MU'Il's SlCR'I'OHtrs.
0173. . Id till' F)'0)it. "Young
Siward" perished in the battle-lield where
.Macbeth fell. "Where were his wounds V"
said the stout old earl [his father]. " In front."
" Then I could wish no better fate.'
Eng., vol. 1, ch. 12. 11 l»i:i.
-Knight's
('"rds. An
0174. WRITING, Substitute for.
invention . . . approaching still nearer to writ-
ing was the Pinniviau quipos, or cords of various
colors, with certain knots ui)on them of different
size, and dilTercntly combined. With these they
730
VV IK )NOS— YOUNG.
Hi
contrived to ucroiiipIiMli most of tlii' purposes of
wriliiii; ; tliey formed r<%dsiers widcli coiilaiiied
Iheiinimlsof their empire, tlieHlulc of Iliepuhlie
revenues, llie iieeounlof tlieir tiixcH for IIm' hu|)-
port of pivernmeni, and by meansof them they
recorded llieir astronondciii observiilion. — Tyt-
IJ;il'S lIlHT., llool< I, cli. !J,
!'•
01 75. WBONOS redreiied, Imaginary. \\'>ir.
Alexiinder arrived al a lillle cily inliabiied by
the Uranchidie. Tliese wen! Ilie (Uiscem hints
of a fanuly niio had dwelt in Miletus, whom
Xerxes, at his return from (}reece, had for-
merly sent into I'pper Asia, when; lie had set-
tled them in a very nourishing condition, in re
5urn for tlieir havinif delivered up to him I lie
treasun- of the lemple of Apollo Didyniieus, the
keepers of which lliey were. They received the
kU\i^ with the hifjlicsi, demonslration of joy, and
surrendered both themselves and their city to
him. Alexaiiiier sent for such Milesians as were
in his army who |)reserved an heredit'iry hatred
ni^aiiist tlie iirancliida', liecause of the treachery
of their iinceslors, He then left them the
choice either of revciiirinfi; the injury they had
formerly done tliem, or of pardoiunir them in
consideialion of their common extraction. Tlie
Miiesians beins^ so much divided in opinion
that they could not ai;re(! amoii^ themselves, Al-
exander undcrlook tlie decision iiimself. Ac-
cordin^dy, the next day, he commanded Jiis
phalanx to surround the city ; and a signal be-
injr ,iriven, they wen^ ordered lo |)lun(ler that
ubodeof traitors, and put every one of them to
the sword, which inhuman order was executed
with the same barbarity as it liad been given.
All the I'ili/.ciis, at the very time that they were
gointc '" Piiy liomag(! to Alexander, were mur-
dered in the streets and in their iii>uses, no man-
ner of reirard beini,'' paid to their cries and tears,
northe least distinclioii made of aftcor sex, .
Bui of what ('rimes \\ c re Iho.so ill-faled eili/.eus
guilty ? Were Iliey res|)onsible for those their
fathers had commhled uiiward of one hundred
and tifly years before ? I do not know whether
history furnishes another cxamjile of so brutal
and f rani ic a ciueltv. — Kom.i.n's llisr., JJook
6170. YEAR lengthened, The. Jiilia.i Ca.s/ir.
The Al(v\andri;in oliscrveis had discovered that
the annual course of the sun was complected in
three; hundred and sixty live; days and six hours.
The lunar twelve was allowed to remain to lix
the number of the months. TIk; number of
days in each month were adjusted to absoi'b
three hundnsd and sixty-live days. The super-
tluous hours were allowed to accumulate, and
every fourth year an additional dav was to be
intercalated. An arbitrary step was reipiired to
rei)air the ne^'-liirenceof the past. Sixty-tivedays
liad still to be made good. The new .system, de-
])ending wholly on the sun, would ' naturally
iiave commenciul with the winter .solstice. But
Cjesar .so far delerreul to u.sage as to choose to
begin, not will, the solstice it,self, but with the
lirst new moon which followed, Itso hapiienee'
;n thatyear thai the new moon was eighty days
after the solstice ; and thus the next year started,
as it continiK's tor.tart, from the Ist'of January.
The eight days were added to the sixty-five, and
the current year was lengthened by nearly three
months —Fuolde's C.E8A11, ch. 25, p. tt2.
0177. YEAR, Thb new. Siinunl, ,fi>/ninon.
How seriously ■lohiison was impressed with i\
sense of religion, even in the vigor of his youth,
appears from the following passage in his min-
utes, kept by way of diary : " Si/itiiii/n r 7, IT-W.
— I have this dav enb'reif upon my twenty-eighth
year. Mayest lliou, O (Jod, enable me, for .Icsii.s
Christ's sake, to spend this in such a manner that
I may receive comfort from it at the hour of
dealh.andin die day of judgment I Amen."—
HoSWICI.I/H .lollNHON, J), lit.
OI7>«t. YOUNftMAN, Unpromising. " I'nl,."
[One of the Hayings of Cato was.) that h«
likeil a young man that blushed more than one
that turned pale : and thai he did not like ii
sohlier who moved his hands in marching, anil
his feet in lighliiig, and who snored louder in
bed than he shouted in battle. — I'l.i T.Micn's
( A'ni ruK Cknsok.
0170. YOUNG MEN, Conquest by. Coloin'ru.
Dionvsius of llal.cariiassus informs us of the
manner in which a State, \\ hen il liecame over-
sloeked, traiis|)laiited its colonies. They conse-
crated to a particular god all the youth of a cer-
tain age, furnished them willi arms, and after
the peiiormance of a solemn sacrilice. dismissed
them to conipicr for them.selves a new counlry.
These enterprises were, no doubt, often unsuc-
cessfiii ; but when they succeeded, and an es-
tablishment was oblaiiied. it does nol aiipear
thai the mother Stale iiretended to have any
rights over them, or claims upon the country
where they settled. — T vri. Kit's 11 isr.. Book II,
ch. 1, p. L'H.'i.
OI)«tO. YOUNG MEN, Deeds of. Ihnmiiarte.
Xapolenii Honapaile, who had not yet completed
his twenly-sevenlh year, was appointed gen-
eral-in-chief of the army of Italv. — Srtui'iNTs'
Fu.\N(K. eh. '37, iVA.
01 «l. YOUNG MEN, Energetic. nnttna.
Hrutus had n much intliiraee with Ca'.sar that
he reconciled him to his friend (!a.ssius ; and
when he sjioke in behalf of the King of .Vfrica,
though there were many impeachmeiils against
him, lie obtained for him a great pari of his king-
dom. Wlieii he first began to speak on this oc-
casion, Cesar said : " I know nnl what this
young man intends, bv.t whatever il i-;, he intends
It strongly " -Pi.rrAin i/'s Hiti ris.
OI«tI. YOUNG MEN, Pat/iotism of. U.Mlhu.
[When (General (JranI visited K.imburg he at-
tended a bai '|Uet in his lionor. and was spoken
of as having saved his counlry.) (Maul ici»lied :
" . . . I must dissent ui)OU one remark, . . .
that I .saved the ( (luntry during tie recent war.
If our counlry could be saved or ruined by any
one man, we should not have a country, and we
should not now be celebrating o'lr Fiairth of
.July. ... If I had never heki command — if I
had fallen— if all our generals had fallen, there
Were ten thousand behind us who would havir
done our work just as A.'ell. . . . \^'llat .saved
tlu! Union was the eonnng forward of the young
men. . . . So long as our young men are ani-
mated by this sjiirit there will be no fear f(;r tlii!
Union."— Gknki{.\i, Ghant's Tkavki.s, p. 'I'.Vi.
01 S3. . RmMiiKj the Sf,nui> Art
[Patrick Henry ]irescnted resolutions to the Vir-
ginia legislature sustaining the independence of
colonies, which were carried by small majorities
YOUNO— vol Til.
737
— till! tlflli tty one vnU-.] Mill Iltsiiry " curried
nil tlic yoiiiiir ini'riilx'i-s with liiin," [And ho|
VMr>?iiiiii <:n\v llic Miriiiil for tlic (lontiiiciit. —
Hanciiokt'h I'. H., vol. T), ell. IH,
6IN4. YOUNG HEN, SuooeH of. Timoiir tlif
Tnrtiir. Froiii tiic Iwcll'tii yt'ur of liin ny^^v.
Tiinoiir liiul I'litcrcd llic tli^ld of iiclioti ; in the
twcniy-llftli lie stood forth n.s tlic dclivcrcrof his
roiiiilry ; ami the even mid wishes of tlu! peoplt!
weiH! liiriicd towiird ii hero who sulTered in Ihcir
cause, . . . At llu! iiift! of Ihirlyfour, and in a
j^oneral diet, or vniirmitltii, he was investt.'d with
imperiiil eonuniind ; hut \w alTected to revere the
hoiis(! of Zin^rj.H ; ami while the emir Tinioiir
reif^ned over Za^nitai and tlu; I'last, a noininal
khan sctrved as a private otileer in the armies of
his servant. A fertih^ kin^^lom, llv(^ humlred
niilt's in len^l.h and in lireadth, niii^ht have; .satis-
fled tlui ainhit ion of a subject ; but Timour as-
pired to llic domitiion of the world ; and heforo
hisd(;ath the crown of Za|;atai was one of tin;
twenty-seven crowns which he had i)Iaced on his
head. — (JinitoNs Uomk, cli. (m, p. 249.
6185. YOUNG MEN, Triumphant. Jminr Ncir
(on. Voun;; men, it has hecn often remarked,
do the Lcrcatest thin^^s. Newton was but twen-
ty-three when h(^ made his frreiUest di.scovery.
In the autumn of lOfJ."), tht! coll(!)i(e having been
dismissed on acf:ount of the j)r(.'valcnc(! of the
plajine, he sjicnt several weeks at home. Heated
in his mother's orchard one day, while the ripe
fruit was falling from the trees, Ik; fell into oiu!
of his profound meditations upon the nalun; of
the force that caused the apples to fall. --I'Alt-
ToNs Xew roN, p. HI.
«l§«, YOUNG MEN, Visions of. John Athims.
At Worcester |Mass.| . . . lu^ was the master
of the town school where the highcHl wages
weresi.xty dollars for lhe.sea.son. A young man
of hardly twenty, just from Harvard College,
and at that tiint! incditatingto become a preacher,
would sit and licar (tin geiuiral political con-
versation |, and esca|iing from a wx-.v/r of ob-
servations, would sometimes retire, and by
" laying thiiigH together, form some relleclions
pleasing" to liimself. ... If we can riiuovt;
the turl)ulcnt (jallics, our people, according to
the e.vactcst calculations, will in aiKjtlierceiitui y
become m(jr(; numerous than England itself.
All Kuropc will not be able to subdue us. The
only way to keep us from setting uj) for ourselves
i.s to disuiiile us." . . . VV^ithiu twenly-one
years he shall a.ssist in declaring his country's in-
dependence ; in less than thirty . . . shall stand
before the King of Great Hritain the acknowl-
edged envoy of the free and United States of
America.— fi.\N(U()i''T's U. S., vol. 4, ch. 9
61S7. YOUNG MEN, Work of. Chhwuf (ior-
don. Gordon had just turned tliirtj- — a young
man, truly, for a task so arduous [the com-
mand of the Chinese army]. But men of his
stamp all' not to be judged b}^ their years. The
art of war, jjcrhaps more than any other art,
demands experience in its successful i)ractition
ers. But .sometimes, iilthough rarely, soldiers
move to the front in whom an innate genius
for war dispen.ses with the tuition of experience.
Sheridan, when he .sent Early " whirling u])
the Shenandoah Valley," liail not Gordon's
years when the latter took the command of the
" Kver Victorious Army." Kanuld .Mackenzlo
at twenty one was pronounced by General Grant
the tinest cavalry division comHiander of the
Union armies. Skobeleir had con(|ucred Klio-
kand before Ik! reached eight and (wenty. To
cit(- a mori! illustrious example. Napoleon was
but twenty-seven when he carried the Bridge
of i.odi. Gordon was in the |)rinie of niental
and phvsical vigor. He had been a constant stu-
deiit ()t the art military ; his nature wiisiitonco
enterprising and cautious ; he seemed to control
his fellow-men by an intuitive inlhience ; and
the buoyancy of his temperament sustained him
in every situation.— Ciii.Ni'isi'; Goiidon, p. WTt.
«IN«. YOUTH, Ardor of. lMfoi,,(U. IFc!
was scarci'ly nineteen years of age when he
sought a .secret interview with Silas Deanc the
American envoy, and oirered his service s I >
the Congress. .Mr. DeaiK?, it appears, objected
to his youth. " When," .says he, " I presented
to the envoy my boyish face, I spoke more
of my ardor in the cause than of my ex-
pi'ricnci! ; but 1 dwelt much ujion the ctl'ei't my
dcpiiituri! would excite in France, md hcsignell
oui mutual agrecn\enl." His iiilciillon was
concealed from his family and from all his
friends, except two or three contidants. While
he was making preparations for his depart-
ure, most distressing and alariiiinir news came
from America — the retreat from l.on;'- Island,
the lo.ss of New York, the battle of White
Plains, and the retreat through New .Jersey.
The American forces, it was said, reduced to ii
disheartened biind of three tliousaih' militiu,
were [airsucd by a triuini)haiit army of thirty-
tlire(^ thousand Knglish and Hessians. '[''he
credit of the colonies at Paris sunk to the low-
est ebb, and some of the All'' licaiis ihcmsclvea
conf(tssed to Lafayette that they were discour-
aged, and ])ersuadcd him to abandon his proj-
ect. He .said to ..Mr. I)e;inc : " I'ntil now, sir,
you have only seen my ardor in your cau.se, and
that may not prove at jirescnt wholly u.seless. I
shall purchase a ship to carry out your olllc<'rs.
W'c must feel conlideiicc in liic future ; and it is
especially in the hour of danger that I wish to
share vour fortune." — Cv(. i.orKUi.v oi'' 15l<)(i.,
II. 47(>'.
onto. YOUTH, Attractive. yMuwut. He
seems to have cujlivaled . . . his moral (piali-
ties with cipial assiduity as the intellectual.
His beauty, his modesty, his se(|uestration from
the pr<)faiie i)leasuresof tiic Ivhoreishite youth,
his assiduity to prayer in the temple, his respect
for the aged, his attention to treasuring up the
.sayings of llii; wise, his filial affect ion for his
adopted father. .Vboutaleb, his defereiiii? tow-
ard the son of his uncl(!, of whom he was the
guest, without all'iclingto he tlieeiiual, his taste
forsolitude, his reveries — a sort of cloud under
which he veiled the sjilendor of his intellect —
in fine, his sober eloiiuencc. which never spoke
until interrogated, but which flowed from the
soul rather than the lips, and which had the
gift of persuading others, liecau.se it was per-
suasion in liimself — all these ([Ualities of birth, of
body, of mind, of character, esteemed every-
where, even among barbarians, drew the esteem,
the alfection, the eyes of .Mecca upon the orphan
of Aniina. They attracted, above all, the heart
of an opuleut aud iutlueutial woman of Mecca,
I
h
i ;•
h
738
YOUTH.
1)1- F\ii<liiljuli.— Lamautink'h
nnrncd Kiulidjc,
TCIIKKV.
6I(M». YOUTH, Baokwardneii In. Wiii>/ii,i;/lon
IrriiKj. MiimUt Irviiii; wus not a prndijry ;' for
at the (IrHl school, kepi by it wuiiiiiii, Ic wriiiliht!
was Hctil ill Ills I'omlli yciir, mid where \\v rv
iiiiiiticd iipwiinl of two yeiiiH, ho Iciinicd liltlo
liryuiid his alpliiilicl ; and at tlie n< roiid, wlicrc
iioyn and nMn were laii^^iit, and where lie re-
iiiaiiu'd iiiilll lie was t'oiirleen, lie was inori! noted
I'or ills Initli tellin^r tliaii I'nr his schdiarHliip. — -
STODDAIID'h IllVINd, p, i'.V
ttlOI. YOUTH, Capacity In. Wnnfiiityton. At
tlie iijfc of sixici'ii lit) was sent hy his iiiich' to
Hurvey a lra<l of l.indon the Hoiitlil'otoiiiac, and
for three years liis life was in liio wilderness. —
UlDI'ATll's r. S,, ell. ;i,s, p. )m.
OtWJt. YOUTH jorreoted. AnnUtUe. Aristotle
was horn ,it Slauyra 'i i'liraeiaii city, then under
till* doniiiiioii ol M.icedonia. His fatlier was
physician to I'liilip, llu father of Alexander the
Ureal. Altera yciiilh of disnipatioii he Ik took
himself with indef-.iiL'ahle ardor to the study of
])hilos()phy, and was fi i twer.ty years a favorite
disciple of Plato.— Tyti.kk'h ibsT., Hook 2,
ch. It, p. -r.w.
«l»:t. YOUTH corrupted. Ih/ Calilinv. I'lu-
i)arly of revolution w as as various as it was wide.
,'owerful, wealthy men beloiiifedto it, who were
politically dissatislied ; anihitioiis nu n of rank,
whose money emharnissmenis weighted them in
the race aj^ainst their conipetilors ; . . . and, (Inal-
ly, Catiline's own ciioseu comrades, the smooth-
meed ])atriciiin youths with cniicd hair and redo-
lent with jicrf limes, as yet beardless or with the
lirstdown upon their chins, weariiiff scarves and
Veils and sleeved tunics reacliinjj to their ankles,
industrious hut only with the dice-box, iii^dit-
watchcrs but in the siipper-rooiii-. in the small
hours befon,' dawn, iiniiiodesl, dissolute boys,
whose ediwation had been in Icarniiifj to love
and to be Ic <'d, to sinj; and to dance naked at
the midnijilii rujies, and alon.i^ with it to handle
poniards and mix poisoned bowls. Well niijjht
C'ict;ro be alarmed at such a combination ; well
mi,iz:ht he say that if a aeneration of such youliis
lived to inanhood there would be a common-
wealth of Catilincs. — Fuoidk'h (;.ksau, ch. II.
OIO'I. YOUTH, Enemies in. W'illidm. Prince
of OnttKje. The aliic and experic'iiccd niinisters
of the [Dutch] Kcpublic, mortal enemies of his
name, came everyday to jiay their feigned civili-
ties to him and to observe the progress of his
mind. The lirst movements of his ambition were
carefully watched ; every unguarded word ut-
tered by him was noted (lown ; nor had he near
him any adviser on whose judgment reliance
could be placed, lie was scarcely fifteen years
old when all the domestics who were attached to
his interest, or who enjoyed any share of his
confidence, were removed from under his roof
b\' the jealous government. He remonstnited
with(!nergy beyond his years, but in vain. Vigi-
lant observers saw the tears more than once rise
in the ey(!s of the vouiig State ])risoner. Ili.'-
licalth, naturally delicate, sank for a liiiie under
the emotions which his desolate situation had
produced. Such situations lie wilder and unnerve
the weak, but call forth all the strength of the
Strong. Surrounded by snares in which an or- '
dinary yoiilli would have perished, Willlum
Itarned totreiKliitonci warily and llinily. Loiig
before he reached niaiihoofl he knew how to kecji
secrets, h>w to batlle ciirioslly by dry ain cuiird-
ed answer*, how I-
the sanu^ show id'
I.AYH E.No , ch. 7
conceal all pa-^-ionH under
nive triuKiuillii \ . —Macau-
.. ITiO.
eiOft. YOUTH. Folly of. Kdijiir Allan I\>v. The
iieijuisitioii of knowledge was t'lisy to him, and
lie could witliout serious elTort have carried oir
the highest honors of bis cIiism Uul he drank
to excess ; and as drink i-: the allv of all the other
vices, he gambled recklessly, and led sodi.sorder-
ly a life thai he w:is expelled from the college.
I lis adopted lather refusing to pay his gambling
I debts, till' young man wrote him a foolish, liisiill-
iiig letter, took passage for Kiuope, and set otf.
I as he sail!, to assist tlii^ (Jreeks in tlicir stiiig-
y;l( for independence. — Cyci.oi'KIUA ok Ukxi.,
p. ?;«».
«ll»«. YOUTH, Fountain of. F'hrUhi. .Jiiai*
I'oiicc dc Leon, who had been a tompaiiion of
I ('olumbiison bis second voyage, fitted out a |>''i-
vale expcditii of discovery and adventure. |)e
I Leon bad grown rich as goveriKU' of I'orloKico,
I and while growing rich had also grown old. Hut
there was a fountain of perpetual youth some
I where in the Hahamas- so said all the learning
! and intelligence <d' S|>aiii — and in that fouiitain
I the wrinkled old cavidier would bathe and be
young again . . . A landing was cnVcled a short
(listaiic(! iioilli of where, a half century later.
were laid the foundationsof St. Augustine. The
country was claimed for the King of Spain, and
the sedrcli for the youth-restoring-fountaiii was
eagerlv prosecuted. The romantic adventurer
turned .southward, explored the coast for many
leagues, discovered and named the T()rtU-;Ms,
doubleil Cape Florida, and then sailed back to
Porto Hico not perceptibly younger than when
he started.— Kini'ATH's r. S., ch. :}, p. 57.
«l»7. YOUTH, Gei .min. Tm,u- Xfirton. See
No. OlN.").
ttlfth. YOUTH, Hardships in. (it'ori/r ]\'<ixli-
iiif/liiii Son of a \vidow, ... to read, to write,
to cipher— these hail been ids degrees in knowl-
edge. Anil MOW at sixteen years of age, in (juest
of an h riiest maintenance, encountering intoler-
able tuil ; . . . "himself his own cook, having
no s])it but a forked stick, no jilate but a large
clii]) " [ while engagetl ar. a siiiveyoi-], . . . rarely
sleeping in a bed, . . . this sti ipling surveyor of
the woods . . . (Jod had selected ... to give an
impulse to human alTairs. and, as far as events
can depend on an individual, hud jilaccd the
rights and destinies of countless millions in the
keeiiiiiir((f the widow s son. — Manchokt's U. S.,
vol. :!, Ch. 2-i.
«!»». . Chdiinnn J,r,>,iii'. [The
inventor of brass clocks.] At lifteeii he was
bound apjirentice to a eariienter and was hoon
able to do a man's work at the busine.^s. A]i]>ren-
ticesat that day were not much indulged. Chaiin-
cey .leronie, when he vi.sited his mother, bad to
walk all night, so as not to u.se hi-- master's time,
and he had soinetimes to trudge a whole sum-
mer's day on foot, with his tools oi.' his back, in
order to "get to the work he had to do. Several
times during his apprenticeship he carried his
tools thirty miles in one day. There were few
YOITM.
73U
ilU
I
Icr
li-
ne
11(1
.ir
Ilk
icr
•r-
;<'.
11-
>ir.
vfliicIcH tlii'ii oxc'cpl f.-irfiier's wh^oiih. — Cvci.o-
ri'.DiA 'iK Hkxi., p. 21
05IOO. . I.< •^••oln. Ill 1810 liix fiitluT
rcinovi'd III Spciicrr C'lunty, IiKllinm — jiimI 'licii
ii<lniilU-ii into till' riiiuii— mill liuillHciiliiii in tin;
Woods iM'iir llu! prcTtit, viilaK'" <>f Ocnlryvillc.
Ilci'c \\:i.sI,Ihi M'('m> ol Liiicdln's l)<)ylioiMi ii con-
Nlant irM^TKl'' ^^'>l> |><'^"i'ty< liiir<l'*l>i|>, iin<l loll.
Al llii' ii^iMif sixtt'cn \M' lind liim iimiui^iiit( a
ft'rry lu-ross llin Oiiio, ni llic iiiomlior AiiiIi'I'moii
Crt'ck, iiMcrvicd u>r whicli lie wsis piiid «(>(/«//(((■*
pur nii'iil/i. Ill liis Vdiilli lie riTcivcd III tlic iiffgl'f-
<^n\i'. ulioiit one yt III' of Mclioolin;^, wliicli was all
I ever liad in the way ol'i-diiciilion, — Uii"\tm'h
I S , <li. (51, p, IHU.
«5«0I. YOUTH, Hope In, Muhomrl. MmIioiikI
laliDi'i'd to atlacli to liini h|| that poitjon of his
f'.iiuily vjiicji did not yet profits Ids icliiiioii.
" Wliat .-m! \-ou at'niid 'ol' '.'" said lie to tin rii lift
tlic end of a rcjiast. " Ncvcrdid Arab i kciiM
olTcr tf) Ids iialioii of udvantaKcs to Iki coin, >iiii'd
t( lliose 1 lii'iiiK yon. I olTcr you happiiuss in
tluH traiiMilorv lite, and ttcniMl fcljcilv m tlii'lifi.
to coiiii'. < ioil iiM rniiiiiiissioiii'<i nil' III III inu: llitii
liack niiiiikiiiil. I.«'l nic sec wliicli of you is
willinj^ to aid iiu in this work ; to Im'coiik' my
si'cond, my hrotlii'r, my sul)Mtiliili' upon the
earth." Astonislinieiit, icrror, liackwaniness,
incredulity, kepi all of them to silence and their
■seats. \o one iiroso ; .11 >at in mute eiiiharrass-
ineiit. Midioinel was^oin^ loho left alone when
the yonnirest of the truesls, Ali, as yet almost a
child. I oruiiii; to the aid of his secimd father,
rose Willi the ii.iive ifeiierosity of liis years, and
exclaimed, " I, I ro|)liel of Ood ! I will, in di
fault of others." ,\!aliomi'l, alVecled lo Icars, and
SI uii; in tills huist of a mere voiilli, tin' least
( .insideraltle of the miests, a desiiinatiou ol Ihe
lini^er of CJiiil. vvhoniarks where men an nn oh-
.servin)^^ clasped the hos in his heart. \i-\\
Well," said he, no more ashamed of this disi »lc
thiiii the diM'i|)Ur Inid been of him, ' hehn , _vi'
Ali, my >oii, my seiuiid, my hrolhei my other
self; (ihfji hill !" This election of a (iiild lis ilie
inspired propliet scandalized M\(. conipan v to e\ en
laujihler. — IjAM MsriNK sTi KKKY, |>. TS.
6il0a. YOUTH, Humble. Ihm. this—linvus
, . . rose To distiiii mil finin very small betrin
ninns. For tlie \\\ > hrotheis w ere reputed slii\ rs
and sons of herdsmen ; and yet, before tlie\ at-
tained to liberty themselves, lliey bestowed it on
almost all the I, alius ; uainin^ at once Ihe most
glorious lilies, as (Ic^ioyifs (.{ ihcirenemie-- de
liverers of kindred, kin.ss of nations, and loimd-
ers of lilies, not trau^pliinters. — I'l.r i \U( us
{{o.MI 1,1 S .\M) TllKSKt S
6ao:{, YOUTHai, Index. C//>n',.i f. <ii,fJ Croi,--
well. 'I'lie future i iniiarch anil ntiire Protector
met [at Ilinchinbrnok House |, and engaged each
other in cliiMi^h sport, in wliicli Charles got the
worst of it. I'or what I'Ned the attention of iIm
lovers of progiiiisticatiiM - in thai and smcet.ilin^
age.s, was iliat'"tlic youths liad not i«en long
togellier In fore diaries ami Oliver disagreed ;
and, as ilie former wa- ilien asweakly as the lat-
ter was strong, it was no wonder tliat Ihe royiil
visilanl was worsted .ind Oliver, iveii al ihi
agv', so little re.gariled tli_iiit>. Ui.il I e made ilie
royal blood flow in copious streanv-. from Hie
princc^'s nose." This," adds the author, " w.is
looked upon as a bad presage for the king
when tin- civil wars commenced,"- Hoodh
CkomwI'I.i,, «h. 'J, p. HI.
tttIO I. YOUTH, Manhood out of. /'• l,r ('iH,f„r.
III! found, after long Neiircliing. a iilace in Ihe
carriage shop of IliirtlH \, VVoudwunl, on the cor-
ner if llrimd" ay iind Cliainbers .Si reel, where ii
grchi iiiarble -.tructure was afterwMid nil.Hcij by
A, T. Stewart, and tlicrr he bound himself out an
an Hjipreiitice until he should reach the age of
ventyoiie. lie was to recelvi hi- board and a
■salary of 1f,'ih a year. Here he began life i ear-
nest, and he alliibiited his aft'r sin cohm in . ;rreat
degree to those four years of steady, hinil -Mirk,
with the economy which his little ear :inL,'s en-
forced . and during Ihe whole time In ii'>i only
did not run in debt one cent but he alwavs hail
a little money laid by.- (.ks'I'ik's Lin', ok I'lriKii
C'ooi'Kii, p 1:5.
tttfOA. YOUTH, Menul Blai in. (iihl„.n. Tbe
•iibject he selected wasaiuri^ iis one for a youth
in ht sixteenth year It wn,-aii atteinpl to' settle
the chronology of the age of Sesiisiris, and show »,
how ion the iiiiHlcre side of history liad allracli d
his ;, entioii, " In ni\ eliildisli balnnn , ' he
says, ' I prei-umed lo weigh tlii' .syslenis of
Scaliger and 1'. 'mk in-, of .Marshain ainl of New
ton; and niv ep has been distiulied bv tin
dilllciilly o| I roriclling III! Scptuagint wiih the
Hebrew I 'inputiition." Of 1 oiir.sehis essay ii/nf
the usual value of such juvenile prodiicllon -
that is, none at ail, except as an iinlicatinn of
cnrlv bias to serious slieh of lii-lni\ - Moidii
k<»n'h Oiiir.iiN, eh
«am». YOUTH neglected. /'. /. tl,. <'r,.,t.
The education of I'l Icr, the destini d inonari li 1 I
a |)rodigiiiiis empire, was almost totally neglect
ed. Uiissia did not niiicli value knowledtre al
that lime, but I'eter was ever more igiioranl lliaii
wa u^iial with itiissian liovsof higli 1,111k, for
his sister Sophia, an ;iinbitiousand had woman,
purposely kept him in ii^norance, thai >he might
Ihe more easily retain an ascendency over him.
and over I'- .^,|a iliioiigh him. Nolwithstandiiiu
this, hell,, picked lip a liltli' knowledge -ince
he had tliiu sure -ign of intclleei which we call
^■urio-ily. He wii> u greai a-ker of ipieslion
fond of looking on while woii< was doing, and
of living Ills own hmd at it ( v< r.orKiiiv oi.
IJio.i., 1), 42ti
OtlOT. YOUTH, Perfecting. •^>nil, iihnnj i«ni.i.
• Iiildreii in li.a\eiiurow up ititoymmg men iiiil
women, and ihc aged reliirii lotlic freshnes.s of
early nianhooil. 'J'hcy wlio are in heaveii an'
conliiiually aiU'.im ing 10 the spring-time of life,
and the more tliiusaiids of _\eai's they li\e |he
more del iglil fill .1 il li ippy is the spring to w lilch
they attain ; and ilr.-- jirogression goes on |i
eternity. Oood women who li.ive died eld and
Worn I'lil willi age, after a suicissioii of year>
come more and more into the llower of youth,
;inil into .1 bcjiuty whieli ...xeeeds all llii' conce|i-
lion.-- of beauty whieli , m In lormed Voni wli;ii
the eye has seen. In tiw.'i.., titijrnu. »</<, ,■/, Innvin
>H t" (jVdir yiiiliKj WiIITK's Swi-.KKMIOK".
h. V.i p. iir..
ttSIOM. YOUTH, Preparation in. Witxhitii/U,,,.
To the encomiums w liii li he [Laftiyeiiej lavished
iiixui his hero and paleinal cliief, -he [theinolh
I'l of \Niis|iiiigt<>n) ri'iilieil in these words: " I
am nol-mprised at what Georirehas done for he
IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)
L
^
A
:a
w
%
i.O
I.I
L^12.8
|50 "^
us
i£ 12.0
1.8
L25 IIJ.4.
Ii4
4
6" —
►
PhouTgraphic
Sciences
Corporation
23 WIST MAIN STREiT
WEBSTER, N.Y. USSO
(716) S72-4:03
■I
.^
:^
^
rA
6^
1'4()
YOUTH -ZEAL.
i::J
ill;'
alwMjs WHS ii good l)()y."— f'THTis' Wakhin»it()n,
vol. I, ell. 1,
0:20ft. YOUTH, Presumption of. Louis XIV.
|Tli(' liimoiH Frc'iM li iiii:ii.sl('r| Mii/'irin Ind
(li(^il in tlic yciir Kidl, willi tlic lionor of liavinj,'
l)r<niu,lil ;il)niil tlic |)cii((; of Wn.slpliiilia iind the
trciily o!' tlic Pyvciiccs ; and L(jui.s, whom he
had iiithcrto led ahoiit, a.s a child, aHsmiicd hiiii-
svW the feiiis ol' gov('rniiu.il. llo had borne the
yoke of .Ma/ariii with great impatience, and in
.some instances had shown that impetiiosity of
Ktmpcr which slr()n:;ly characterized h-s dispo-
sition. Ujion occasion of a meeting of the i>ar-
liament ot I'aris, where .some of the royal edicts
were called in ((uestion, Louis, then a hoy of si.\-
teeii years of age, <'nti'ied the hall of ])ailiameiit
in hoots, with a whip in his hand ; and, eontident
of the pi>w( rs of an absolute in-inci , told them,
with an air of high authority, that he was ac-
({uainted with tin; audacity of their i)rocedure,
and would take care to restrain them witliin the
bounds of their just prerogatives. Upon the
d(Nilh of >[a/.arin the first acts of the a(hninis-
tralion of Lo.iis wen! rather violent than politic.
— TvTi.Kus Hist., iJooU 6, ch. 154, p. 457.
02 lO. YOUTH, Regard for. " Jimnr/ ,S>in."
When Poinpey arri\'(!d at Home [from his victo-
ries in Africa] he demanded a triuni])]", in which
h(! was opi)osed bySylla. Th(^ latter alleged
that the laws did not allow that honor to any
jHTsou who was not either consul or pnetor.
Hence it was that the first Scipio, when he re-
turiK^d vi(!torious from greater wars and conflicts
with the t'arthagi'nans in 3pain, did not demand
a triumph ; for he was neither consul nor prielor.
He added that if Pompey, who was yet little
belter tl:an a lH;ardless youth, and who was not
of ag(! to be admitted into the Senate, should en-
ter the city in triumph, it woidd t)ring an odium
botli upon the dictator's power and tho.se honors
of liis friend. These arguments Sylla insisted
on, to show him he \vould not allow of his tri-
unii)li, and that, in ca.se he persisted, he would
chasti.se his obstinacy. Pompey, not in the least
intiniidat(-d. bade him consider that more wor-
shipped the rising than the setting sun ; intimat-
ing that his power was increasing, and Sylla's
upon the decline. Sylla did not well hear what
he said, but perceiving by the looks and gestures
of the company that they were struck with the
oxpre.ssioti. he asketl wliat it was. When he was
told it he adni'red the spirit of Pompey, and
<^ric(l, '■ FiCt him triumph ! Let him triumph !"
— I'l.lTT.VIiCU's POMI'KY.
Oail. YOUTH, Studious. John Milton. If
Milton's genius did not announce itself in his
paraphra.sesof Psalms, it did in his impetuosity
in learning, " which I seized with such eagerness
that from the twelfth year of my age I scarce
ever went to bed J)eforc midniglit." Such is his
own account. . . . Aubrey's words are : " When
he Avas very young he studied very hard, and sate
up wry late, commonly till twelve or one o'clock
at night ; and liis father ordered the maid to
sit up for him." — Pattison's Milton, ch. 1.
6212. YOUTH, Training of. Persians. The
education of children was looked upon as the
most important duty and the imst essential part
of government ; it was not left lo the care of fa-
thers and mothers, who.se blind afTection and
fondness often rendered them incapable of that
otHce ; but the State took it upoi\ themselves.
IJo's were all brought up in common, after one
uniform niaiuicr, where everything was rcgu
lated, the place and length of their ;!xerci.ses, the
times of eating, the (|uality of their meat and
drink, and thrir dill''.'rcnt kinds of punishnu'iit.
'I'Ik! oidv food allowed either the (hildrcn or the
voung incc was bread, cresses, and water; for
"their design was to accustom them early to tem-
Ijcraiice and soliriety ; besivlcs, they considered
that a plain, frugal diet, without any mi.xtiu'c of
sauces or ragouts, would strengthen the body,
and lay sucli a foundation of health as woukl
enal,i(! thcin to undergo the liardshi])s and fa-
tigues of war to a good old age. Here boys went
t<) school to learn justice and virtue, as they do
in other ])laccs to learn arts and .sciences ; and tin;
crime most .severely i)unished among tlieni was
ingratitude. The design of tin; Persians in all
these wise regulations was to prevent evil, being
i;onviiiced that it is much better to ])reveiit faults
than to ])unishthem ; and whereas in other States
the legislators are satisfied with enacting pun-
ishments for criminals, the Persians endeavored
so to order it as to have no criminals among
them.— Hoi.i.in's Hist., Book 4, art. 1, § 1.
0213. YOUTH, Unpromising. Abraham Lin-
coln. One of his teachers, . . . ^\r. Dor.sey, . . .
tells how his jiupil came to the log-cabin school-
house arrayed in buckskinclolhes, a raccoon-skin
cap, and provided witli an old arithmetic, which
had somewhere been found for liim, to begin his
investigations into the higher branches. — Hav-
mond's Lincoln, ch. 2, p. 21.
6214. YOUTH, Wildness in. (!corf/e MiHlfr.
After ol)taiiiing from his tutor leave of absence
under false pretences, he set off on a i)leasnre
excursion to Magdeburg, went afterward to
Brunswick, and lived at both places in an expen-
sive manner at hotels, until all the money he had
managed to scrape together for th^' joun;ey was
expended. On his way back to lieimer.sleben,
he stojiped at Wolfenbuttel, went to an hotel
there, and again began to live as though he had
plenty of money at his command ; but having
lieen suspected, he was followed, and when he
walked quietly out of the yard, without having
settled his account, and afterward attempted to
run away, he was arrested and .sent to pri.son
where, when only sixteen years of age, he found
himself shut up with the most depraved charac-
ters, such as thieves, murderers, etc. From De-
cember 18, 1821, to .January 12, 1822, he was de-
tained in i)rison, when his father, having .sent
money V> discharge his debt at the; hotel, to de-
fray the cost of his maintenance in jail, and to pay
his travelling expenses, lie was set at liberty. —
MlJLLEK's LlI'K OK GlCOKOE ^luiLKU, p. 10.
6215. ZEAL for Art. Protor/enrs. Rhodes
was . . . the residence of a celebrated painter,
named Protogenes, who was a native of C'au-
nus, a city of Caria, which was then subject to
the Hhodlans. The apartment where he painted
wius in the suburbs, without the city, when De-
metrius first besieged it ; but neither tlie presence
of the enemies who then surrounded liim nor the
noise of arms that perpetually rung in his ears
could induce him to quit his habitation or dis-
continue his work. The king was surprised at
his conduct, and he one day asked liim his rea-
sons for such a proceeding. " It is," replied he
;
ZEAL.
741
" bi'Cinisc I am sensible yoii liave declared war
against the Uhodians, and not afrainsi the sci-
ences." Nor was he deceived in that opinion, for
Demetrius actually showed himself their ])rotcct-
or. He planted a .iruard round his house. — {{oi.-
jiiN's Hist., Hook 10, si 8.
6216. ZEAL, Christian. Georfie Whitefidd.
[Ourinfij the thirty-four years of his ministerial
life Rev. George Whitelield preached eighteen
thousand sermons, travelled through England,
Scotland, Ireland, and Wales, and traversed Ww
Americati colonies from Maine! tc Georgia. His
last sermon was two hours long, 'i'he sani(!
evening,] while at snpi)cr, the ])aveiuent in front
of the house, and even its lial', were crowded
with people, impatient to hear a few words from
liis eloquent lips ; but lie was exhausted, and
rising from the table, said to one of the clergy-
men who were with him, " Urother, you must
talk to this dear people ; I cannot .say a word."'
Taking a candle, he hastened toward his bed-
room ; but before njiiching it lie was arrested by
the suggestion of his own generous heart that he
ought not thus to desert an anxious crowd, luin-
gering for the bread of life f'-om his hands. Ui'
jmused on the stairs to address them. \\n had
preached his last .serinon, and this was to be his
last ex!'ortation. He lingered on the stairway,
while the crowd gazed at him with tearful eyes,
as Elislia at the ascending prophet. His voice,
never, perhaps, surpa.s.sed in its music and pathos,
flowed on until the candle which he held in his
hand burned away and went out in its socket !
The next morning he was not, for God had taken
liim ! He died of asthma, Septc'nber 30, 1770. —
Stevi:nh' Mkthouib.m, vol. 1, p. 466.
6217. ZEAL encouraged. Abnilidm Lincohi,
I He was not jealous of a member of his cabinet
who was also a candidate for the ])residency, and
showed vigor and energy in his department.]
" My brother and I . . . were once ploughing
con. on a Kentucky farm, 1 driving the horse
and he holding the plough. The horse was lazy,
but on one occasion rushed across the field, so
that I, with my long legs, could scarcely keep
jiace with him. ... I found an enormous
chiii-ft!/ fastened on him, and knocked it oir. . . .
My brother asked me what I did that for. I told
him I didn't want the old horse bitten in that
way. ■ Why,' said my brotlier, ' t/Kit's all that
made him go.' Now," said ^Ir. Lincoln, "if
Mr. has a presidential chin-fly biting him,
I'm not going to knock it off ; it ^.ill only
make his dei)artment go." — Raymond's Lin-
coln, p. 720.
621 §. ZEAL, Imprudent. Execution of Charles
I. \\\ no long time it became manifest that
those political and religious zealots, to Avhom
this deed is to be ascribed, Ind committed, not
only a crime, but an t-rror. They had given to a j
jirince, hitherto knowu to his people "liiefly by
his faults, an opportunity of displaying, on a
great theatre, before tlie eyes of all nations and
all ages, some qualities which irresistibly call
forth the admiration and love of mankind, the
high spirit of a gallant gentleman, the patience
and meekness of a penitent Clirisiian ; nay,
they had so contrived their revenge, that the
very man whose whole life had been a series of
attacks on the liberties of England now seemed
to die a martyr in the caust! of tiiose very iiiier-
ties. — MAtAi:i,.\v's 10N(i., eh. 1,1). I'JO.
6219. ZEAL, Ineffective. John Stilton. jTlic
restoration of iiionarciiy was foreshadowed, | .\
fury of ulteranc(! was upon liim, and he i)oMr-
ed out, during tiie death-throes of the re|Mil)lic.
jiamphlet upon i)amphlet, as f'l.st as he coulii
get tliem written to his dictation. These extem-
porized effusions Ix'trav in their style, hurry,
and confusion the restlessness of a coining de-
spair. The passionate eiilhusiasin of the early
tracts is gone, and all the old fault--, ttu' olis( ii-
rity, the iuconsecutiveness, the want of arrange-
nu'nt, are exaggerated. In the " Ready Way"
there is a monster sentence of tliirtyniiie lines,
containing three hundred and thirty six words.
— Mii/roN, «v ^I. Pattiso.n, ch. 11.
6220. ZEAL misdirected. Lmlii.-'. [Addisdn.
in the Freeholder, says the lady politicians of his
time] are so taken up with zeal for the Church
that they cannot find tiiiH- to teacii their (iiildren
the catechism. — KNKurr's ENd., vol. 5, ch. 27,
p. 417.
6221. ZEAL punished. Her. Churl, » \VeM,y.
He had charge of the curacy of Islington, but
" was ejected from it, not so much bceausi^ .)f
his doctrine, as for the earnestness with which
he uttere<l it." — Stkvi;.\s ' AIktik/Dism, vol. 1,
p. 110.
6222. ZEAL, Sectarian. J<tiiiex II. lie
seems ... to have l);'eii seized with an unusu-
ally viok^nt fit of zeal for his religion ; and this
is the more rcmarkalile bt;cause he had just re
lapsed, after a short interval of self-restrain', into
debauchery. . . . Lady Dorchester had returned
from Dublin, and was again the king's mistress.
Her return was politically of no im])orlaiice.
(She had learned by experienci; the folly of at-
tempting to save her lover from the desiruclion
to which he was running lieadhjiig. She there-
fore suffered the Jesuits to guide his political
conduct, and they, in return, sutTered her to
wheedle him out of money. >Sli{,' was, however,
only one of several uliandoned women who at
this time shared, with ids beloved Church,
the dominion over his mind. He seems to have
determined to make some amends for neglecting
the welfare of his own .soul by taking care ol
the souls of others. — Macaui.ay's EN(i., eh. (i,
p. 139.
6223. ZEAL, Unrewarded. " The I'relnider."
In the evening [.Alary, wife of .James 11. ,| sat.
l)layiiig cards at Whitehall till near midnight.
Then she was carried in a sedan to iSaint James'
Palace, where aiiartmeiiis had been very hastily
fitted up for her reception. Soon messengers
were running about in all directions to sumiuoii
physicians and i)riests, lords of the council, and
ladies of the bedchamber. In a fiv,- hours
many public functionaries and women of rank
were assembled in the (lueen's room. Tliert',
on the morning of Sunday, the lOth of June, a
day long kejit sacred by th(^ too faithful ad-
herents of a bad cause, was born the most ut:-
fortunate of princes [James Francis Edward
Stuart, the Pretender,], destined to seventy-seven
years of e.xile and wandering, of vain projecH,
of honors more galling than insults, and of
hopes such as make the heart sick. — !Macai.-
lay's Enc;. , ch. 8, p. 334.
i:
INDEX OF PERSONAL NAMES.
Explanation. The names here given may bo found In the articles to which the numbers refer
AnBAH.sA, 4810.
AiiiioTT, Honj., lOSO, 1109, 119.S, 5183.
Abbott tiik IlEnMiT, iSiHO.
Abi)AI,i,aii, 12o9, 2280, 300-J, SSiSS.
Abdalraumanm, 3382.
AiiDOLoNVMUa, 3122,5035.
ABD-KL-MotniAD, 1757.
Auo-Abdkm, 1272.
Aboutai.kb, .1U07, fil89.
Abraham, B93, 2.375, 8643, 4625.
Ahubekku, S(!0.-), 3897, 55(54, 5937.
AcACius, Bishop, 545.
AciiiLLKS, 2999.
Adams, John, 5, 211, 874, ffllH, WW,
1837, ?.003, 3447, .3801, .3894, 4231,
4314, 5028, ,5,501, 6180.
Adams, John Q., 1000, 2040, 3259,
4091, 5200.
Adams, Mrs. John, ,3407.
Adams, Samuel, .587, 670, 1008, 1629,
2780, .3517, 3000, 60.58.
Adda, Archbishop, 1914, 2690.
Addison, Joseph, 29.34, 3813.
Adela, Princess, 3840.
Adet, Pierre a uguste, 170.
Admetus, 5201.
Adolius, 5212.
Adrastus, :3H84.
.\drian, Emperor, 4969.
Adrian (Pope) IV., 2068.
Adrian VI., Pope, 2692.
.K(i.«ON, 2508.
/Em.a, King, 5197.
.Emilia, 5107.
.Kmilius Paulus, 1902, 2814, 6715.
.lOsciiiNEB, 1329.
.Esci:lapius, 4109.
Aiaov, Clodius (Actor), 8178, 4028.
.Etius, 2797.
aoamemnon, .5910.
aoatiiarcus, 2524.
aoatiioclks, 1,538.
AoEsiLAUS, 1397, 2108, 2.303, 2744,
3070, 3103, 3346, 4449, 5114, !:a53,
5671, 5§31.
Aqis IV., 1000.
AoNON, 3.300.
AoRiPPA, Meneniua, 4298.
AoBiPPiNA, 193, 1347,2072,3721, 4369,
5260.
Aidan, Bishop, 5395.
AiDONEus, 3338.
Alaric, King, 687, 1145, 2893, 5086.
Alatheus, 5304.
Albert, Archbishop, 4668.
Albinus, Lucius, 4184.
Ai.BlNUS, Senator, 3234.
Albion, 8845.
D'Albret, Jean, 6004.
Ai.BuqUBKQUB, 10,50, 1070, 1098, 2170,
3039.
Alcibiadks, 1306, 1502, 2702, 37.55,
IH04, 4897, l),3«0.
Ai.DRii.ii, Hev., 3.5,55,
Alexander tiik Great, 6, 180, 2.35,
1(M8, 1151, 12.52, 1428, 14,50, 1514,
1,581, 1588, 1073, 1744, 1746, 1813,
1821, 21,56, 2207. 2220, 8.371, 2471,
2485, 2500, 2032, 2753, 2822, 2912,
2931. 306-1, 3182, 3208, 327S, XU",
3360, .3080, .3741, .3831, 4081, 4031,
4196, 4;«0, .1432, 4474, 4,598, 4()03,
4791, 479B, 4798, 4854, 48()8, 4879,
,5095, 5i;«, 6145, 5;350, 5402, 5419,
5.505, 5514, B.5.37, B638, 6639, ,5035,
5008, 5099, 6781, 5820, 5870, 0090,
0175.
Alexander, Rom. Emp., 3879, 3730.
Alexander I. vRussla), 2232, .5093.
Alexander III., Pope, ,5010.
Alexander VI., Pope, 070, 2287,
2075, 54.36.
Alexius I., Comnenus, 8107.
Alexius II., 2700.
Alfonso, King of Spain, 8'J21.
Alfred the Urbat, 1800, 2483, 8715,
4frl7, 4962, 5079, 5500, 5820.
Ali,4181.
Alibaud, 300.
Allen, Ethan, 1907, 6409, 5760.
Almamon, 5958.
Alp Arslan, 8197, 4451.
A MARA, 2048.
Amasis, 1462, 8809.
Amaurt, Abbot of Citeaux, 4183.
Ambrose, St , 1509, 4105.
Amina, 3004, 4528.
Amompharktus. 1.5.56.
Amuratii 1.., 3809, 5137, 5850.
Anacharbis, 30.34, 3155.
Anachonis, 5,559.
Anastasius, 325;J.
Anaxaqorus, 4778, ,5600
.\naximbnks, 4633.
Anderson, Major, 402.
Andre, Major, 1043, 15,53, 2016, 5092.
Andrew, St., 4677, ,5013.
Andrews, Bishop, 61.
Andronicus, Emperor, 17, 13,57, 1363,
2807, 4204.
Andronicus the Younuer, 4917.
Andronicus, Livlus (Poet), 2358.
Anduiis, .Sir Ednuiiid, 1882, 81,52, 3808,
5174.
AsdELo, Michael, 317.
Anoelus, Isaac, Emperor. .3M96.
Anianus, 1518.
.•\nicetus, ,3713.
Anjou, CharleK of, 82.
Anne op Auhtkia, .5587.
Anne, C^ueen, .5,58, 1380.
Anne, (Jueen of Eruiice, 1030.
Annk, Princess, 1987, 8803, 2228, 3446,
3173, 3,501.
Anmklm, Archbisliop, 8789.
Antkionis, 2,523, 3888. ,5932.
AnTIOCHI S the OllKAT,,3708.
ANTiotiius Epipiianks, 0159, 6166.
Antisthbnes, 190,8, 5077.
Antistia, 5107.
Antoine de BouRiiiiN, 0091.
Antonimus, 5313.
.Xntonini's Pus, .50,SO.
Antony, Mark, 40, 198, 205, 1227,
1405, 8149, 4515, 40-10, 4893, 6878,
00,50, OOOT, 0130.
Anytus, 4804.
Aphobus, 5995.
Apolio, 21 15, 4708, .5.3,38, 5461, Oa51.
Ai'OLLONir,-!, 0100.
AiiriLLHH, 18()5,
AucADiLs, Emperor, ,3.38-1, 4077.
A mm AS, 1510, 4477, .5-18,5.
AiUHiMEDEs, 21, 343, 853, D05, ,35.35.
AUCHIPPE, .5995.
Abchytas, 3635, 5778.
AiidALL, Captain, 1831.
AitoYLE, Dulfe of, 0809.
Ariadne. .38.5.3, 6061,
AiiiD.KUS, 3889.
Ariosto, .3300.
AiiiSTiDES, 1019, 1910, 30,55, 8784,
4400, 4702, 4788.
AltlSTOHULUS, 81,56.
Aristotle, 779, 1797, 2020, 30i12, 3093,
3278, ,'1883, 5130, 5273, 6537, 353S,
3539, (■)015, 6010, 6192.
Arkwrioiit, Ricliard, 1775, 2980,
29H7, 3580, 5108.
Armour, Jean, 3458.
Arnaud, Baculard d', ,3002.
Arnold, Benedict, 2122, 8569, 8644,
4049, 4799, 5109, 5698.
Arnold, Michael, 49,55.
Arnold, Dr. Thomas (of Rugby),
1185,4780.
Artaxerxes, 154, 1885, 2487, 38.3.3,
5773.
744
INDEX OP PERSONAL NAMES.
AiiTAHiiiBS, King, 472'i. I
AUTKMIHIA, 6110, '
AllTKMIUOHUH, KiSO.
Artiiuii, I'rlnce (Gnglaiid), 3474.
A8IIIIHY, Dlshnp, 4347. '
Akpabia, 1266, (1084.
AsTKii, .M04.
Abtlbt, Sir Jnc.ob, 4378.
AsTiir, Samuel, 3031,
Abtta(ik§, S500,
Atiiai.aiiic, 3030,
Atiianaric, 4184.
ATIIANARtUH, 4,')86,
Atiibn.ki's, 303.5
Atiioh, Kiirl of, 4473.
Attabalipa, 1176. I
Attalit)), 2666. I
Atticuh, 57B5.
Attila, 84, 328, 688, 1518, 1966, 3311,
3476, 4859, 54«2, 5626, B899.
Attucks iRoston negroi, 3805.
AuDLKY, Lt>r(l, 1288. 1
Audubon, 1872, 3321. I
AuuEiiBAU. General, 2834. '
Augusta, 5835.
AUQUSTUC, 101. 286, 305, 1687, 2846,
3215, 3777, 3880, 3881, 8891, 4194.
AUUELIAN, 1617, 1692, 4470, 4578,
5316.
AUUE0LU9, Rmijcror, 4661.
AU8TEN, Lady, 3708, 4*34.
Austin, Moses, 1517.
Austin, Thomas, 3049.
Atesha, 3442, 6076.
Bacchus, 5798.
Bacon, Francis, 669, 1213, 1216, 2857,
321)5, 3799, 4189, 4594.
Bacon, Uogcr, 697, 3775.
B.BDA (the Monk), 61.50.
Bagor, James, 5123.
Baukam, 2900, , 1
Baian the Avar, 3372.
BA.IAZBT I, 611, 1251, 30,')6, 4638,
4837, 4883, .5318. ;
Baldwin I., 3199. i
Baldwin II., 4351,4673, !
Bai.iol, John, 5746. j
Ball, Kov. John, 4620.
Baliimoue, Lord, 732. |
Bands, Nathan, 3846.
Baiibahossa, 32.58, 5903. j
Barentzen, 1445. I
Baret, John, 2858. !
Barillon, 1471, 1978, 365.!. i
Barron, Com., 4595.
Bartholkmy, I'c'ter, 4667.
Barton, Colonel Willinm, .5467.
Barton, Elizabeth, 5679.
Basil, Emperor, 1342, 3361.
Basileas, 4734.
Bassianus, Antonius, 2085.
Bastwick, Robert, 2040.
Bateman, Dr. Ihomas, 540.
Baudhicourt, 5*17.
Baxter, Richard, 5157, 5175.
Bayard, Chevalier, 2566.
Bayard, James A., 4091.
Bean, J. W., ,362.
Bbauclerk, Mr., 5484.
Hbaufort, 1408,
Beaimarciiais, Caronde, 2im6,
Beckbt, Thomas il. Archbishop, 266'.l,
8674, 3605, 6146.
Hkdpord, Diiko of, 6837.
Bedlob (Swindler), 603.",
Uloiiizi, K)18.
Beiiem, Martin, .BftlB.
Belches, Margaret, 3.^36.
Bbliharhs, 2686, 2!M15, ,3292, 4.561,
48,58, 5811. .5912, 60,57, li'SO, 1.572,
1616, 1686, 1949, 8128, •^•■W,i>. .5328.
Bell. Henry, 5840,
Belub, ,5449.
Benedict VIIL, 18ft3,
Benedict IX,, 180;i
Benedict, St,, 3()H7.
Bentinck Johann, 2883, 223.5, 2234,
46.56.
Berkeley, Sir William, 1810, 4043,
40(;7, 5T93.
Bernard, St., 8670.
Berthier, 5146.
Bertband, 22-30.
Berwick. Dnke of, 4600.
Betis, 4854.
BiBULUS, 2771, .3266, .3856, 4279.
Bishop, Edward, 6088.
Bismarck, 1698, 3359, 4074, 47.51,
5880.
Black Hawk, 2843.
Black Prince. See Prince Edwaiid.
Blake, Admiral, 16,57, 8131, 231.5,
3779, 4311.
Blood, Colonel, 1327.
Blow, II. T., 4340.
Bt.ucuer, General, 3817.
BoADicBA, (^iieen, 3515.
Boardman, Richard, 1784.
Bobadilla, 5499.
BoccoLD, Jolin, 3078.
Boeum, Henry, 1086.
BoETHius, K. Senator, 891, 1134, 3834,
5370.
bohemond, 1024.
Books, 5468.
Boleyn, Anne, 5078, 6069.
BoLiNGBROKE, Lord, 777, 2274, 4687.
Bolivar, General, 2685, 4044.
BoNAPARTK, Lncien. 3630.
Boniface VIIL, 760, 946, 4940, .5981.
6170.
Bonner, Bishop, 4130.
Boone, Daniel, 52,57.
Booth, J. Wilkes, 373, 5787.
Borgia, Ciesar, 4225, 5430.
Bosanquet, Mary, 1663, 6132.
Boswell, 2542.
Bothwell, 2188, 3437, 3455, 3496,
58;ja.
Boucher, Elizabeth, .3293.
Boucicaut, Marshal, 6111,
Bouflebs, 1597.
BouLTON, 2993.
BouRO, Anne du, 1440.
BouTWELL, Secretary, 5279.
Brachmani, The, 2393,
Braddock, General, 97.
Bradford, Joseph, 2199.
Bramwell, William, 50H5,
Briadalbane, 1470.
llitKB(Krp ilhe Missionary), .'i.508.
BiiiDPoiiT, Admiral, 37.59.
Bbogi.ie, Count de, 188.
liiioi'GiiAM, ,50;i8.
llRowN, John (Abolitionist), 3ti88.
Brown, John (Martyr, Scotland),
4141.
Brown, William, 41.10.
HROWNK, Charles!'". ( Artemus Ward),
,3283.
BiiowNK, Isaac Hawkins, 5149.
BRi'i K, Rol)ert. 40.37, 5746.
Brutus, Junius, 8Cj2, .5786.
Brutus, Marcus, 863, 1120. 19"i7, 28,52,
.5816, 6181.
Brvant, William C, 8.389.
Brydon, Dr., 5935.
BrcKlNGiiAM, Duke of, 1889, 1524,
3871.
lU'CKiNGHAM, Duchess of, 86.56.
lUiLLo, Peter, 4717.
Bun VAN, John, 81, 168, 318, .569, 1084,
1176, 1180, 1191, 1192, 1427, 1560,
16,50, 17()8, 182;j, 8032, 8733, 8764,
5165, 5166, 5171, 5434, 548G. ,5568,
5675, 5706, 57.53.
BuRooYNB, General, 4019, 5813.
Burgundy, Duke of, 2697.
Burke, Edmund, 49, 1.58, 2101, 2114.
2348, 3786, 3798.
Burnkt, Bishop, 2231, 879S, 3076,
3546, 5117, 53<W, 5998, C003.
Burns, Robert, 246, .596, 1009, 1016,
16,52, 1972, 2027, 8240, 2481, 2953,
2951, 3270, .3354, 3458, 4216, 4219,
47a5, 5346.
BuRNsiDE, General, 5366.
Burr, Aaron, 1747, 1844.
Burroughs, George, 6086, 6028.
Burton, Henry, 2040.
Burton, James, 2850.
BuscA, .5612.
Byron, Lord, 197, 1305, 1838, 20,57,
2842, 8535, 2615, 2736, 3355, 3165,
3722.
Cabot, John, 981, 991, 4783.
Cabot, Sebastian, .5005, .5624.
Cadijah. 3472, 6076, 6189.
C.BCiLius, 3590.
C.»:sar Borgia. SeeBonoiA.
C^SAR, Julius, 136, 184, 233, 2.50, 263,
275, .326, 369, 378, 606, 608, 659, 696,
1031, 1032, 10.33, 1041. 1138, 1141,
1211, 1224, 1.323, 1,328. 1372, 140C,
1409, 1480, 1481, 1491, 1689, 1834,
1942, 2072, 2075, 2117, 2123, 2222,
2851, 8255, 2;302, 2333, 3479, 2639,
2657, 2771, 2788, 2793, 3796, 2837,
2865, 2893, 2970, 3163, .3232, 3240,
3347, 3367, 3400, 3460, .3478, 3750,
3772, 385C, 3877, 4090, 4312, 4316.
4401, 4447, 44,54, 4484, 4510, 4032,
4648, 4797, 4S93, 4920, 5053, 5161,
5181, 5413, 5476, ,5,548, 5819, 5833,
5828, 5922, 5926, 594«, 6083, 6176,
6181.
Carina, 5968,
Caics Billiub, 4579.
Caius Flaminidb, 4686
C'Aius Gracchus, 3728, 5218, 6072.
INDEX OF PERSON AJ. NAMES.
746
Caius Marriur, lis.
Cajbtan, Cardiniil, '1721.
Calamy, Mr., ''618.
Calkd, 4608.
C'ALMOUN, J. C, 68S9.
Oalioula, 1868.
Calliah, 2871, 4788.
Calliolbb, 4640.
Callioratidab, 4883.
CALLIMACIinH, 5857.
Callinicus, 50-17.
Calphuhnia, 6013.
Cambronnk, Oencrnl, 5473.
CAMBT8E8, 3881.
Camilluh, 445, 5536, 6110.
Campbbll, Bartlry, 4108.
Campbbll, Dr., 8600.
Campbell, Dr. John, 6109.
CANriELD, Edward, 5.523.
Cannino, George, 2850.
Canonouet, 6301.
Cantacuzenb, John, 5969, 5980.
Canute tub Great, 3061, 4!)64.
Caracalla, Emperor, 839, 10!(6, 1128,
ia38, 1626.
Cakaubius, 1308.
CARINU9, Emperor, 1701, 2103, 2629,
3890, 5078.
Cari^eton, Captain, 4811.
Carlisle, Simon, 1081.
Carltlb, Thomas, 2588, 4654, 6506.
Caroline, Wife of George II., 8683.
Carstairb (Impostor), 6088.
Carter, Admiral, 4148.
J/.RTIBH, James, 5334.
Cartieb, Captain Jacques, 3588, 5868.
Cabtwkight, Bishop, 601.
Cartwrioht, Dr. Edmund, 2071.
Cabtwright, Peter, 1083.
Carus, 447.
Capvilius, Spiiriiis, 1704.
Cart, Mary, 6088.
Cass, General, 4841.
CA8SID8, 174, 263, 5697.
Castlemaine, Lady, 4338, 606.3, 6081.
Casti.emainb, Lord, 1661, 3719.
Catherine or ,Araoon, 3474, 4640,
6069.
Catherine II., 1458, 3460.
Catherine de' Medici, 6066.
Catiline, 392, 1140, 1301, 1295, 2462,
6007, 6193.
Cato, 107, 151, 866, 268, 432, 1011,
1170, 1899, 8682, 2859, 2943, 8334,
3460, 3740, 4587. 4710, 8181, 5204,
5858, 5337, 6080, 6138, 6178.
Cato tub Younger, 4793.
Cecil, Roliert, 1186.
Cbcil, William, 4179.
Cblbstius, Pope, 2663.
Cbbbbrus, 3338.
Charilaus, 2894.
Chablbmaone, 109, 1185, 1666, 2472,
8968, 8074, 3347, 8688, 4970, 5367,
5368.
Charlbs I., 60, 1118, 1482, 1500, 1653,
1676, 1677, 1715, 1060, 2041, 21.38,
2404, 2763, 2810, 2870, 3206, 3828,
3357, 3583, 3687, 8628, 3662, 3689,
3860, 4419, 4497, 4688, 4692, 5009,
6030, 6803, 6818.
CnARLBB II., 13, 160, 674, 1420, 1667,
1678, 1694, 8108, 3215, 2844, 8246,
8847, 2413, 2432, 8404, 2694, 8751,
8704, 3075, 8146, 8148, .1301, 8295,
3418, .3432, 846f), 8470, 3851, 3698,
3789, 8851, 4103, 4306, 4830, 4863,
4437, 4618, 4688, 4711, 4726, 4756,
484ti, 4908, 4078, 4083, 4989, 5857,
6376, 6443, 5538, 6691, 5789, 6782,
(;C38, 60H0.
Charles III. op France (the Sim-
ple), 1.586.
Chableh V. OF France, 1637, 'J808,
3814, 4480.
Chauleh VI. OP France, 3613, 6310
Charles VII. op Francs, 66, 5154,
6365, 5487.
Charlbb VIII. OP France, 3675,
4363.
Charles IX. op France, 4760.
Charles X. op France, 4438.
Charles IV. op Spain, 1830, 2066,
4855, 5125.
Charles V., Emperor, 668, 1749, 8637,
2828, ;»58, 4.506, 5088, 5943.
Charles XII. op Sweden, 1880, 1840,
1431, 1970, 8868, 3768, 4514, 4786,
4974, 5036, 6510.
Charles tub Bad, 1660.
Charles Edward, Prince, 8838, 6460.
Charon, 4477.
cuaronoas, 6387.
CuASTEL (Jesuit), 3009.
Chateaubriand, 4368.
Chatkauroux, Duchess of, 6070.
Chatham, Lord. See William Piti.
Cuestebpield, Lord, 2349, 4083, 4450.
Chosroks, 1281, 5292, 5713.
Christ Jesus, 72, 148, 8581, 27.30, 384; ,
4140, 4413, 4535, 4668, 4678, 4676,
4797, .5067, 5100, 5859.
Christian, Dulce, 5929.
Christina, Queen, 4.890.
Chuybostom, 932, 6358.
CiiUKCHiLL, Arabella, 1659.
Churchill, Lord, 1111, 8501, 4488.
Churchill, Sarah, 1937, 2828.
Cicero, 709, 1085, 1554, 1608, 16.58,
1834, 20.56, 38.55, 3463, 2878, 8165,
8185, 3266, 3460, 3464, 8864, 4856,
4370, 4371, 4454, 4648, 5041, 6326,
6180, 6198.
CiMON, 529, 4821.
ClXCINNATUS, 157.
Cineab, 1071.
CiNNA, Ileivius, 872, 5786.
Claubndon, Lord, 1537, 2905, 2995,
3809, .3898, 3999, 4288, 5968, 6081.
Clark, .\dam, 1181.
Clark, B. J., 6547.
Claukson, Thomas, 4652.
Claudian (Po.'t), 6029.
Claudius, Appius, 1855.
Claudius, Marcus Aurelius, 1577,
2612, 2706, 4661.
Claudius, Tiberius, 3876, 4981, 5260,
6064.
Claverhouse, 4141.
Clay, Henry, 1020, 1022, 8172, 4091,
4247, 4377, 4310, 5829, 5604.
Clement V., Pope, 1079.
Clkment VL, 8846.
Clkmknt, Jacques, 861, 1107.
Cleomkuks, 15.')0.
Clkcimenks, 3-145.
Clkopatra, 3149, 4387, 4515, 4M0,
4893, ,5878, 6050, 6065, 6067, 6083,
6136.
Clippoiid, Lord, ,5794,5930.
Clinton, Do Witt, ,5477.
Clinton, Oenernl, 40-19.
C'l.iTiiB, 4081.
Clodius, 1254, 16,5'.', 1942, 4014, 547C.
Clotaire, 1361, 1373, iMi).
Clotilda, 1646, 6046.
CLdvim I., 5824, 6046.
Cloyck, Sarah, 6028.
Cnut, Kinp, 4971.
CoBHAM, Eleanor, .5364, 5366.
CdCHiiANK, Sir John, 461.'1
CoEHoRN (Engineer), IHOT.
C<Br,iu8, Marcus. See Marcus Cie-
LIUB.
CdPPiN, Nathan, 1660.
CoKK, Thomas, 539, 1570, 8787, 3090,
8644, 6658.
CoLBUiiN, Zerah, 3588, .3.5*3, rAi7,
5509.
CoLDKN, Governor, 8169.
Cole, Dr. (Commissioner), 5.3H3.
Coleman, Edward, 1046.
COLEPEPPER, 4103.
CoLET, John, 1780.
CoLioNY, Admiral, 6000.
CiiLONNA, Stephen, 3537.
Columbus, 978, 1155, 1393, 100.5, 163<i,
1648, 18.53, 1880, 1881, 1940, 3054,
2055, 3206, 2316, 2344, 3473, 3587,
8(M9, 8713, 2743, 3840, .3368, 3878,
3438, 3645, 3598, 3641, 3645, 3758,
371)3, 3900, 4140, 41,55, 4183, 4.51,5,
40:::i, 4t)',tU, 47',3r, .5017, .5055, 51H,
5178, 5308, 5811), .5884, ,5.3'.I7, .^3',I8,
.5415, 5499, 5,506, .5570, .5714, 5771,
.5864, 5a(i5, OOfiO, 614.3, 6151.
Combe, Dr. Andrew. 4485.
CoMPTON, Bishop, 1919
CoMMoDUs, 438, 1.351, ir.91, llil.3, 3816,
30ft3, .3204, ,3414, 3480, 4i;49, 5105,
5481, 5743, 582;!.
CoNCiNi, 2,526.
CoNi)fi, Lduis, Prince of. 3,565, 2815,
6094.
Conk, Judge, 48.38.
CoNFUCiis, 395, 1700, 1786, 5259.
Conhad in., 6142.
CONSTANS II., 1108.
CoNSTANTiNK, 354, 53.3, 1177, 1192,
1208, 1317, 1820, 1498, 1611, 1721,
2492, 2a38, 3183, 38.32, 4336, 4534,
,5075, 5174, 5440, 5478, .5.535. 5621,
5768, 5780, 6106.
CONSTANTINK V., 1363.
CONBTANTINA, 1.348.
CoNSTANTius, 2468, 5440.
CoNTi, Prince of, 5286.
Cook, Captain James", 1519, 3252,
3495.
Cook, Sir Thomas, 1314,
Cooper, Aetley, 8436, 5088.
CooPEit, Fenimore. 3743.
Cooper, Peter, 1785, 1793, 1838, 8891,
Mf
746
INDEX OF PERSONAL NAMES.
30III, mm, *i'J7, rail, 8«!(i, ;him,
IJH,'.-, 'HOT, 4W5, 5!UI, nurn, .')(»»,
6t«M.
Coi'KKNirun, fWHO, S60fl.
CoiiAM, Tht)niii8, 4056.
coiiNKLiA, ;i7SH, SUV.
CNHINKI.UJH C'KTlIKUIJg, 4(185,
CoiiNCTrH, 5351.
OoiiNWALLis, I.ortl, 540(1, B817, 5941.
CoiiNWAl.Lin, Widow, 4481.
CoiiNWAi.MS, (Jov. Edward, 4.'i;il.
(!oitY, UlloH, (Kwn, OO-iH.
C'oiiTf:/,, Hcrniindo, 7H, 1074, IICXI,
10H5, 'Jllill, 2-l!(l, S653, a'153, 30:18,
3H;10, 4088, 6440.
CdiiYAT, Thomas, 3501).
CoTTA, Publiup, 3165.
('(iVKNTiiY, Sir Jolin, 4857.
CiiWi.KS, 6052.
Cowi'Kii, William, 110, 1307, 2300,
2091, ar.M, 288;!, 37(W, 4834, 6037,
5150, 5.3.32, 6427.
Cox, Molvllle n., 3643.
CiiAKi, Jamps, ,')001.
CuANMKii, Bishop Thoipns, 807, 1018,
li33, 1249, 3005.
CiiABHtTs. Maroiii., 434, 683, 1234, 1712,
33-i6, 4920, 5972.
CitAWF-ouD, Mr., 46.35.
Ciiisi'us, 5838.
CiiocKETT, David, (»1, 687, .3438, 4322.
CiKKsus, 4886, .'•)019.
CiioPTs, James, .3470.
C'kompt>)n, Samuel, 5.35, 2986.
CuoMWKl.i,, Oliver, 127, 204, 200, 2(>2,
311, .306, 370,410, S.W, 57.5,085,965,995.
997, 1003, 1102, 1104, 1142, 1200, 1268,
1303, 1,322, 14,34, 1444, 1485, 1.563,
1021, 1611, 1077, 1841, 2041, 2294,
2313, 2320, 2327, 2.306, 2381, 2396,
2422, 243!, 2457, 2470, 2474, 2480,
2512, 2577, 2578, 2582, 2590, 2008,
2623, 2792, 3075, 3188, 81.-i9, .3293,
3328, 3357, 3405, .3409, 3505, ,3.581,
3602, ,3618, 3627, 3739, 3868, 3885,
3893, 4177, 4ia3, 4231, 43a3, 4.385,
4512, 4613, 45.38, 4r>.39, 4547, 4567,
4577, 4,591, '.022, 4718, 4770, 4828,
4851, 4874, 4947, .5070, 51,38, 5231,
52.50, 525-1, 6357, 5570. ,5599, 5639,
5642, 5643, 5644, ,5067, 5749, 5818.
5821, 5907, 5991, 6203.
CitoMWKLL, Richard, .59,57.
CuoMWELL, Thomas, 2580, 5150.
CijofPER, Colonel, 55.
CtTLPErPKu, Lord, 4008.
CnsiiiNO, Lietiteiiunt, 73.
Cyrus, 2471, 2913, 4869, 5019, 5.396,
5560, 56.36.
Dacue, Lord, 5927.
Daoobeut, King, .3248.
Damastes, 4572.
Damiens (the Assassin), 5648.
Damocles, 5572.
Dante, 4230.
Daphne, 5106.
D"AnoEN8,2237.
Darius, 186, f07,3, 1504, 2891, 2901,
4,330, 4444, 4744, 5004, 5272, 5.348,
5*56.
Daiini.ey, llimhnnil of Mary Stimrt,
2087, •1910, 5110, 5-81,5882.
Daukaii, Lydin, 4079.
Davih, JiiffcrHon, 6940, 0107.
Davy, Sir Humphry, 80, HiW).
Daweb, Willlum, rmi.
Dawhon, Dr., 568.5.
Daye. Htephfli, .JI03.
Da^ue, John, .(6,39.
Deank, Silas, 0188.
Decatur, (Commodore. 12.58,4696.
Deciuh, Kmperor, 740, ,5218.
Dek, John, mH.
DK,ro(Kn, 1,584.
Dei.amere, Lord, 6790.
Delapi.aue, Captain, 6706.
Dei.piiidiuh, .305,S.
Demetrius, 2167, ,3097, 611,3, 5982.
Demetrius I'iiai.ereum, ,53,37, (121,1.
Demociiarks, 5297.
Demosthenes, 672, 1(M)5, 1,329, 1177,
1856, 2021, 4-121, 4589, .-.080, 5403,
.5125, ,58.5.3, 5959.
Demosthenes (Mother of), ,5995.
Derar, 6764.
Derrick (tlic Author), 2050,
Descartks, 1218.
De Soto, Ferdinand, 1523, 1091,
6985.
Devkreu.x, llobert, 651.
Diana, 476.3.
DiAS, ;W29.
Diaz, Bernard, ,S7,58.
Dickson, John, 5170.
DiDIUS JULIANUS, 8072.
Dioci.ktl.n, Emperor, 20, 195, 1148,
2402, 2026, 4028, ,5772, 5970.
Diogenes, 1151, 1281, 2168, .•)249, ,'^15,
4166, 4411,4889,4900, 5102.
DioNYSiUH, 748, 131,3, 2010, 2942, 5484,
,5,572, 5728. 6099, 6179.
DisABUi- THE Turk, ,'184.
Disraeli, Donjamin, 4151.
D,IABALA1I, 1916.
D,lERD,lis, ,5132.
Dominic, St., 2800.
DoMiTiAN, 1953, 8414, 6010.
DoNELSoN, John, .5830, 59,50.
DoNELsoN, Rachel, 34.53.
D'oHCUESTER, Lady, 6222.
Dorr, James W., 4027.
Douglas, William, 1947, 4620,
Douglas, Stephen A,, 207, 673, 1017,
1S74, 2937, 4909, 6152,
Dowlah, Surajah, i;j50,
Draco, 31.59.
Drake, Francis, 1885, 2525, .3059, 5007,
.5051.
Dryden, John, 7, 231, 1090, 8409,
3244, 3308, .3.320, 5019.
Dudley-, Lord Edward, 4415.
Duff, Mary, 33,55.
DuNCoMBB, Sir Sanders, ,3095.
Dunne (the Witness), 6031.
DuNois, Count, 1.5,59.
DUNSTAN, 3686, 3746, ,5554.
Durpey, Thomas, .3320.
DusTiN, Hannah, .3729, 5790.
DusTfN, Mr., 117.
Duval, Claude, 4923.
EcLECTUs, 5743.
Edmund, St., 5110,
Edward I., 2127, 4473, 4902, 5628,
5.529, .5027, 5740.
EDWAim IL OF Enolani), 4037.
Edward IIL the Conkessor (of
England), 1.500, 8,364, 8496, 3105,
3459, 4272, 4586, 4588, 40,39.
Edward IV, of England, 47, 1925,
4865, 4701.
Edward V. of England, 3748.
Edward VL of England, 4208,
4931).
Edward the Black Prince, 1260^
1,50", 2.3.30, 20.30, 3»14, 5229, 5431.
Edward the Uood, 551.
Edwards, Thomas, ,50-10.
Elagaualub, Emperor, 900, 1821),
2185.
Eliot, Sir John, 7,30. 4103, 4030.
Elizabeth, Queen, ,571, 72.5, 1,596,
1738, 1761, 2684, 2761, 8887, 8358,
.3,360, 84a5, 3489, ,3607, 8605, .3801,
4070, 4329, 4611, 4929, 4989, 4948,
6775, 6098
Ellenborougii, 3164.
Emmanuel, Victor, 40-12.
Empedocles, l,'i8;i.
Bnuhien, Duke d', 4784.
Epaminondas, 112, 3887, 3846, 2855,
4880, .5.388.
Epicurus, 3271, 4803, 6540, 5801.
Epiphanius, St , 6165.
Erasmus, 3699, 4670.
Erdaviraph, 1386.
Erostratus, 47(i3.
Estorff, General, 6169.
Etiiei.bert, King, 2867.
Etocles, 3884,
EuciiiDAS, 2146.
EuDociA, Empress, 4675.
EuDoxus, .35,35.
Eugene IV., Pope, 5685.
EuoENius, 34.36.
EURYBIADES, 5648.
EUTHYDEMUS, 45.50.
p;uTROPius, 156,1, 4571.
Evelyn, John, 5451.
EVERENOS, 4888.
Everett, Alexander n., 809.
Exeter, Duke of, 8210.
Pabiub, Marcus, 6716, 6896.
Fabius, Maximns, 701, (K)48, 6160.
Fairfax, Lord General, 10, 5818,
.5994.
Fairfax, Lady, 5894, 5994.
Falkland, Lord, 4018.
Faraday, Michael, 587.
Parmer, Anthony, 8177.
Faruagut, Admiral, 486.
Faust, John, 4465.
Fausta, 6838.
Faustina, 1675.
Faux, Guy. 3013.
Fawkes, Guldo, 3013.
Ferdinand II., 921, 1272.
Ferdinand, Prince of Spain, 5135.
Ferguson (Rebel), 6774.
Perouson, Robert, 1228, 4259.
Fbrnlet, John, 2S50.
Ferrers, Earl of, 2.5.39.
INDEX OF I'EItSONAI. NAMFS.
747
Fkvkhniiam, Qonoriil, 4009,
KiKLK, c. w., wrn.
KiKNNKH, Nntiiniiiiti, nasn.
I'lNcii, lAtni Keeper, HO, S8()0.
l''iitMiN,'riiomai<, &,M.
KiHiiKii, Maiiv, iiau.
KiMK, .InmeH, sari).
Fnrii, John, 1H7II, 8307, 8990, 3090.
41W, 00O.V
FiTcii, Mrn. John, 0005.
FiTzinisK, UoK'lniild, 3.105.
Kl.AMINlNfH LUCIi;* yiJlNTIlH, ISSn,
Ki.KTciiKH, Dr. (Scotland), 8093.
Flktciiku, Uov. John \V., 51:11.
Fi,KT(;iiKii, Mary, 519, 618a.
Flint, Bet, 8871.
Fi.oTi), Kdwiinl, 4508.
FooTi: (Actor), .imi.
F()iiE»T, Friiir, -ISUO.
FoUlJlIlKll-TlNVII.LH, 8739.
Foiii.oN OP FuANCK, 6sJ89.
Fowi.Ku, Kdward, 300.
Fox Cliurles JuniOH, aa05, 3;il3, 4800,
5H0U.
Fox, George, 1714, 190H, 34a0, 8501,
5300, 57S0, 5719.
FllANCIB I. OP FllANCK, OfiH, 1710,
SI8JJ, 8723, 4109, 4l;«, 4134, 5943.
FiiANCis, John, 303.
PiiANcia OK La HoijUK, ■')324.
Francis, St., 3:iC4.
Fhanklin, Beiijiimin, 030, 038, 1.508,
2103, 28-24, 2847, 2915, 309,',, 3210,
3239, Xyi", 3(H7, 4 Ml, 9290, 2;i31,
2.3.32, 2310, 4873, 5389, 5088.
FitANKLiN, Sir John, 33.32, 5058.
PiiASKn, General, 188.
FnKUEOONDA, 0109.
FiiKUEUic, Dnko, .5083.
Fukdkhick, Klector of Saxony, 2230.
FllKDKIUCK WiM.IAM I., 2202, S.l.'il,
3389, a584, 5741.
FiiEDEuicK William. See Willia.m.
Fkkukiuck I. OF Okilmany (Barba-
rosea), 2608.
FllKDEllICK II. TUE GUEAT (of PrilS-
Bla>, 3, 208, ]8:i6, 1247, 1765, 1772,
18;il, aOSM, 2155, 22117, 2551, 3002,
3025, 3041, .3.389, 3632, 3788, 4035,
42!M, 4301, 4437, 4.597, 488;^, 5107,
5899, 5394, 5503, 6724, 5741, 5752,
5808.
FkedeuickV., 84, 4201.
FiiKMoNT, John C, 1069.
FiionisiiEK, Martin, 2049, 2389, 6023.
FuLK TiiK Black, 106.
FuLK THE Good, 4982.
Fulton, Robert, 1602, 2;J06, 4918,
5084.
Fulvia, 6097.
Gabriel, 3242.
Gaita, 6006.
Gah-8, Emperor, 2078, 4981.
Oaleiiius, Augustus, 2985.
Qalkswintha, 6109.
Galileo, 2721, 3088, 5506, 6608, 5787.
Gallatin, Albert, 4091.
Galliknus", Emperor, 1370, 1830.
Gamaliel, 4071.
GaiiiiiaLDI, 880, !H80, 8649,40.18, 5027,
55(19, 50B0.
Oaiinbt, Henry, 1040, 8011, 2089.
Gauiiktron, Uuv. Freeborn, 5382,
Gaiiiiiok (Actor), tiH-H.
(Jashaway, William, 1088.
Gaston op Oiileanh, 2778.
Gates, Oenenil, 5400, 6813, 8811,
GAifNT, Kli/abelh, 28,50.
Geiidks, Janet, 6'3;i.
Gellmeu, King, 18tW, .3298, 8718.
Genet, "Citizen," 2-129, lil'v-O
Qkopphev, I'rincu (non of Henry II.
of Kngland), •iK}H.
Geoiioe I,, 4.'580.
Geoiwe II., 9, 437, 8(W3.
{Jeohok III., 1682, 8148, 3777, 9879,
2884, .3032, 8012, 4899, 4953, .IIMt).
Gecikib, Bishop, 861, 43.31.
Geoiioe, Prince, 5.376.
Gkiimanious, 2072.
Gehonth'h, 1499.
Geuuv, Elbridge, 2610, .5710.
Gkta, Kmporor, 239, 1620.
QiBHoN, Edward, 1801, 2870, .32.'i7,
3260, 4054, 4249, 6205.
GiLDO, 5745.
Gisco, 4590.
Glennik, Dr., 8788.
Gi.oucESTEU, Duke of (Richard III.),
2162, 2763, 2815, 3748.
GoDPitEY, Mr., .'.088.
GoiiPHEV, du Bouillon, 1077, 2671,
3556.
QoDoi.PHiN, Sidney, 5081.
Godwin, Earl, 2496, 3159.
Godwin, Edith, .3459.
Godwin, Mary, 3.345.
Godwin, Mehetabel, 118.
Goethe, ,3402, ,'V107.
OopPE, William, 4660,
Goldsmith, 0„ 54, .V1.3, 609, 017, 640.
718, 1664. 1674, 1737, 18;i5, 1876, 1909,
2030, 2224, 2273, 8263, 2.301, 2;«3,
2466, 2540, 2601, 2061, 8749, 2901,
3570, .3631, 4.337, 4;M2, 44,53, 4455,
5108, 51.53, 5369, 5728, 5777.
GooDiiicKE, Sir John, 4177.
GooDYEAit, Charles, 1678, 1635, 41.')l,
4343, 5.388, 5404.
GoiiDON, Catherine, 3465.
Gordon, Chinese, 6187.
Gordon, George, 40.
Gorges, Fernando, 5009.
GossELiN, Bishop, 937.
Qoiioil, Henry D., 1179, .5579.
Gould, Jay, 5279.
Gracchus, Caius, 3728, 5218, 6072.
Gracchus, Tibcriu!', 3728, 6072.
Grapton, Duke of, 2777.
Grant, General. 1226, 1.382, 1891,
2509, 8621, 2759, 2960, 3109, 37.'>.l,
4340, 4.507, 4878, 4968, 509-1, 5275,
5290, .5891. 5.399, 5414, 5471, 5825,
5880, 6182.
Gratian, Emperor, 1007, 4715.
Gray, Thomas (Poet), 2328, 4218.
Qreelky, Horace, 4281.
Qrebn, Mrs. Nathaniel, 3113,
Gbeqory VII., Pope, 2889. 4445,
471.3.
GIIEIIORT Xll., 4611.
GitEuoRv XIII , Pope, 8887.
(iliK.oiPliY (llie DoHCoiM, 5197.
GliEdoitY, I'refcct, 3.'1M5,
GllEuoiiY op TiiiiiiH, 5577.
GiiENVii.i.E Georgu (Statesman), 481.3,
5517, .5717.
(liiENVii.i.E, William W.,5868.
GiiKVu.i.E, Fnlk, VHii.
GuiMsiiAW, Uev. William, 3708.
GiiiNDAL, Areliblrtliop, 1915.
GUATIMii/.IN, 71 1.
GuiDo, 5134.
(^Ul^'l^u^I), Ilohert, 200, 1271, 6(K)8,
Oliisi-:, Duke of, IKMi, (H)66.
GriiDUN, 1845.
GliBTAViJS II. (Addlpli s), -IM',',
OrsTAVfh III., 211.1,
GtiHTAVi'M .\n,, 4174.
GUTENIlEim, JollU, III)."..
Guy, 1214.
Guy, Kurl of Warwick, 6<,KI7.
GUYDT OP MaIISEII.I.EH, 2,19,
GYLirrus, .5593.
IIaduian, Emperor, 6009.
IlAPNA,.3*l8.
IIahnkmann, llr,, 5:185,
llAKEM, 5001,
Hale. Matthew, ia52.
Hale, Nathan, 1430,
1 1 ales, Sir Edward, ,5788.
Halifax, Lord, 11:12, 1610.8231,3031,
.30.')«, 48.58, 4311. 1919, .5717.
Hall, Bishop TlmoUiy Hall, 8922,
4812,
Hamilton, Alexander, ia5, 1461, 1747,
87-18,
Hamilton, Andrew, 11,18,
Hamilton, James, 4861,
1Ia.mii.ton, Lady. 00-17,
Hamilton, Sir William, fiO-17.
Hampden, John, 31.39, ■lO.'W, 1041.
Hamza, 60.56.
Hanapoud, Thomas, -1003.
Hanniuai., HiOO, 2121, 2-18-1, 8818, 3329.
3416, 4590, ryiiU, .MOO, 58-18, .5890.
5938, 6160.
IIanway, Jonas, 4656.
Hauuiieaves, James, 512, 2968.
Harlay (IF Paris, 4172.
IIau.moZan, 1469.
Harold 11., 1044, 2467, 2604, 3,S:!0,
3840, 4678
Harrison, Benjamin, 8510.
Harry, " Black," 4:189.
Harun al K„siiid, 4592.
Harvard, John, 2288.
Harvey, Dr., 628.
Harvey, Governor Sir John, 5888.
Hastinoh, Warren, .5879.
Hathaway, Anne, 349:).
Hayne, Senator, 5329.
Hayward (Author). 4189.
Hector, Mr., 2799
Helen, 5910.
Helena, 58£J.
Helmichis, 1892.
Hemino, Edward, 3897.
Henrietta, Duchess of Orleans,
4382, 4688, 4931,
748
INDKX OF I'KUSONAI. NAMKH.
P I
Hrnrt I. OF Bnoland, 8907, 4317.
IIkniiy II. OP Knoi.ani), Wn, iMOO,
amil. 4tK)ft, .IKM, ftft41, HUft.
IIkniiy III. <>k Kn(ii,\ni), 18i.4, 1360,
l!t7tl, aiilir, 8f»M, 4«I5, 4l»!{7.
IIrnhy IV. or BnulanI), 471, 1041,
3701.
Hknuy VI. or Enoland, 4aft5, 68(«i,
5097.
Uii.Niiv VII. or Enui.and, 431,9755,
302;i, ;J16*1, 3(119, 4057, 4075, 5487.
IIkniiy VIII. or Knoi.anii, P3, 4.S.\,
468, 608, 1!)45, 1403. 1788, 1734. 17)5,
19,\5, S()33, 211)2. 3444, 3774, 3K')a.
4103, 4.301, 48;W, 4*58, 44.57, 4^56,
4741, 4980, 6074, .M88, 5610, .57,50,
ooon.
Hknuv IV., Emperor, 4778.
IIkniiy V.,H10.
IIkniiy VI , Emperor, 4014.
IIkniiy II. or Kiianck, .380.
IIkniiy III. or Fkanck, :^t, 1011.
5800,0000.
IIkniiy IV. or ''hanck, 300<», 4747.
IIkniiy V. or Fhanck, 3080.
IIkniiy VI. or Fuanck, 9008, .'KWO.
Hknuy, .loliii, .5001.
IIknhy, Duke of Somcr8et, .5030.
Hknuy or Lancastkii, 5;i81.
Hknuy, Patrick, 3144, 4057, .5WM, 018.3.
Hknuy, I'riiice (Son of Ilciiry II. of
England), 2863.
IlKriI.fC8TION, 2890.
IlKUACLllTS, 1810, 2158.
IIkuacliti'm. ,3.5ta.
IIkubkut, Kdwiud, 1^02.
Hkuculeh, 288, 1614, 4572, 4708, 5462.
IMOl.
IlKUCl'LKIUS, 3743.
IIkukpouI), Hif'liop of, 4044.
IIkuicuki., William, l.'i4.
IlKiiTroui), Earl of, 40.5.5.
Hkuvky, Henry, 2465.
Hkwlinu, Benjamin, 2.5;W.
Hick, Samuel, 4;^86.
IlicKs, Mrs. (Wllch\ 0027.
HiKUo. King. 4600.
Hind (Heroine). 00.56.
HoBiiKs, Tliomai-, 3vM0.
HodO, JaiiieH, 2001.
Hoi.MKK. Abraham, 1850.
HoMEu, 2317.
e, William, 3203.
lA, .34.3<>. 3470.
onius. 1807 1877, 3842, ,5393.
Hood, General .T. 15.. 3175.
Hook, Theodore, 2058
Hooi-Kii, Bishop, 1233, 3607, 4016,
.5600.
HoRAPK, 1.^3. 825.
HoiiMoL-/, 2900.
IloUTKNHirB, 3160.
Houston, Sam, 1809, 3251, 3404, 3726.
Uov.Aiii), John, 122, 145, 378, ,513,
616, 541, 548, 800, 1346, 14,50, 1676,
1840, 2125, 2.)52, 2007, 3445, .3050,
,3872, 4002, 4163. 4164, 4165, 4102.
4430, 46,56.4860, 4078, ,5,571, 5651. 5721.
HoWK, Elias, 8765. 2974, 4344, 6405.
HowK, General Sir William, 1589,
4645,4842,6116.
HowK, Oenurai Uobert (Amerlrani,
48?.J.
IIowK, Riehard (luirl and Admlrnli,
40:).|.
lltiiiKiiT, 8erge»nt. 8880.
IluimoN, Henry, 3757.
HiKiiiKs, MiifBarel, 6108.
Ilri.i., General, 1878.
IIliMK, David, 28S8, 2881.
IIunnk, aichard, B78.
IIUNNEiiic, 8624.
Hi'NT, LelRh. 1689.
Huntinooo,). Lady, 590, 649, 1804,
20.56.
HuHKK. Mr., 5074.
IIl'ss, J.jhn, 1018, 1064
HtiTciliNsoN, Anne, 6l;«.
HiiTciiiNHoN, Colonel, 8944.
lIl'TciiiNgoN, Gov. Tlum., 4101, ,5008.
IlrTCliiNHON, Lucy, 6106.
Hydk, Anne, 6177, (i039
Hyi'atia, 0078.
Hyi'kuhoi.ijh, 4897.
Inolis, Charlci, 4314.
Inooi.dsby, (lolonel, .3687.
Innocknt hi.. Pope, 40,31, 40.35, 4941,
4918, 4048.
Innocent X,, Pope, 849
Innocent XL, Pope, 8011.
Innocent XIII., Pope. 1601, 8719.
Ii BNK, Wife of Alexius, 2700.
lUKNK, Wife of Conmantine, 180.
Iukton, Bridget, 6070.
IiiETON, Henry, 4851.
IliviNO, Wftsliinnton, 626, 2581, 2.5;i5,
2580, 27,34, 3286, 8.351, 8771, 6190.
Isaacs, Archbishop, 4724.
Isabella, Wife of Kichard II., 3141.
Isabella, (iueen of Spair, 4182,
6499, 0000.
.Iaapak, 2,567.
Jackson, Andrew, President, 105,
749, imi3, 2647, 3192, 3331, 34.53,
3773, 3796, 6086.
Jackson, Mrn. Andrew, 6216, 6960,
5999, 6086.
Jackson, Dr. Charles S., 2989.
Jackson. " Stonewall,'' 1463, 2226,
6-.>28.
Jacob, Son of Leith, 2618.
Jamblicuus, 6212.
Jamks I., 61, 583, 019, 194.5, 21,51,
2843. 2428, 2932, 4478, 4036, 4683,
4!H)6, ,5015, 5415, 5620, 5634, 5705.
James II., 248. 300, 312, 315, 817, 598,
.577, 788, 019, 100,5, 1004, 1110, 11.3.3,
1194, 1216, 1364, 1655, 1836, 1843,
1036, 1978, 2007, 2169, 2203, 2427,
8530, 2,590, 2605, 2779, 2880, 2842,
88,54, 2890, 2903, .3a39, ,3082, 3138,
8177, ,3230. 3388, 3,528, 3547, a>19,
.3585, .3617, .3682, 3720, 3750, 3»41,
38,53, .3854, 3R55, 4008, 4000, 4034.
4085, 4121, 4180, 4230, 4240, 4268,
4384, 4426, 4461, 4510, 4.563, 4696,
4091, 4795, 4812, 49.37, 495i, 49.58,
5046, 50,54, 5060, 5177. .5334, .5.361,
5376, .5,378, 5723, 5789. 5791, 6961,
5990, 6059, 0068, 6084, 0822.
jAMitt IV. or Scotland, 97&A.
Jamks V. or Scotland, 3619
Jamkk V ,.306.
! Jameson, Colonel, 1603.
! JAioN. 5807.
Jasi'a)!, SerReant, 2151
' Jkannk I)k DivioN, 2192.
' Jbannk or Navaiiur, 499.
JErrKUsoN, Peter, 6885.
JhrrRltsoN, Thomas, 704, 107H, 18.37,
1814, 9.306. 9486, 2770, 3090, ;)356,
j 6371.
' jErriiKYs (ChlofJustlce), 1790, 1842,
2862, 2888, 888it, 8900, ,'«)37, .3067,
3008, .3767, 4091, 48l:>, 5175, 6108,
6901, 6081.
Jeiiau, Shah, Kmperor, 6061.
Jknkinb, Cuptuln Koberi, 6S87.
Jknnkii, Edward, 5762.
Jknninos, Frances, (5068.
Jenninsh, Sarah, 60.59,6071.
Jkumack the Cossack, 4082.
Jkkomk, Chaiincey, 600, S531, 80<i0,
2981, .3,370, 6199.
Jksits CiiiimT. Bee C'linisT.
Jkwrl, Bishop John, 4915.
.JoAN or Aiic, 288, 417. 668, 1187, 1657,
1559, 1720, 1727, 1739, 1006, 1050,
2080, 2116, 8171, 2.384, 8804, 2895,
41.37, 4616, 4003, 5011, 6099, 5164,
6437, .5400, 5880, 5837, 6849, 0104.
0111
Joan, Pope, 00.39.
John, King of England, 4717. 4034,
49;i5, 4942.
John II. or Fuanck, 1280. 2018.
John II. or Spain, 51540.
John XII.. Pope, 66, 4.305.
John XIX., 1803.
John THE Baptist, 4074, 4(i70.
John, Bishop of Burgundy, 65.
John op Bohemia, 297.
John of C/.PPADociA, 435, 2812.
John, Prior, 035.
John or V^ienne, Sir, 1().39.
Johnson, President A , 2750, 4387,
5417.
Johnson, Rev. S., 684, 1242, 8159,
2787, 3616.
Johnson, Samuel (Remarks made
by), 6, 14, 45. 48, 1.30, 271, 298,
406. .521. 550, 019, 680, 708, 7.37, 811,
920, 949, 955, lft3t), 1161, 1160, 1174,
1228, 1.308, 1318, 185.3, 1379, 1390,
1423, 1450, 1407. 1484, 1.5:53, 1,574.
1,593, 1683, 1688, 17.32, 1741, 1743,
1800, 181,5, 1851, 1951. 1957, 1959.
2043. 2045, 2241, 2322, 2.348, 2849
2511, 2514, 2515, 2631, 28(M, 8823,
2827, 2828, 2831, 2874. 2876, 8903,
2905, 2910, 2927, .3010. 3087, 3120,
3181, 3182, 3255, 3262, 3373, 3375,
3413, 3417, .34.33, .54ti8, .3481, 3482,
,3491, 3492, 3561. 3,579, 3593, 8604,
3671, .3679, 3734, 3744. 3761, 3793,
3795, ;5883, 3825, 4061, 4075, 41.53.
4198. 4203, 4848. 4864. 4266, 4398.
4601, 4603. 4604, 4618, 4695, 4764,
4755, 4772, 4806, 4817, 4835, 4938,
.5006, .5029, 6034, 5098, 5149. 6157,
6312, 5347, 5421, B507, 6678, 5610,
INDKX OF PEUMONAL NAMEH.
U'.i
BOIS, MISS, MWr, K'ii, ft7«H, SHM,
5tMI4, StNIA. imi, tlUlIi, U017, UUUI,
IIIDfl.
■JiiiiNKoN, H. iKniiiurkn concurnlriK),
;n, !ii I, «is, 'MK .i'li, «M», ;);i4, io4, ar,-j,
tiiflj, (i:ti, Tir, no, 15H5, ir>i«, lotis,
iTi-j, niwi, iMiii, la'iH, ii'wu, iiKift,
ijiKi, i'M\. S2-."^I, !i:iuu, it:)lo, «Ml,
-mi, 3:t.'iH. ■^ini, ^-mo, smub, 'iK»,
'iV.ll, ailfill, '.'TOH, !J714, 8770, 8781,
ariti, '.J71W, ;!'.«(». m*, xm, ai-n),
."MIH, 8-lllt, M'il, mH), 3WW, 8B»W,
.S.S7I, .'1778, ;)H()7, '1088, 4088, 41H(),
4iifl7, 4!iH(l, 4;JI7, 4S1», 4;)6a, 48.ir),
4857, 1377, 1.19H, 14B0, 44Sa, 44M,
4S!MI, 4(K'J, 47r.->, 5180, 5IS3, 5'J17.
M;«, W(»3, 558.3, 6770, 5777, 5970,
im-4. IU77.
JoiiNHUN, Mrf. SniiiucI, 00O8.
JoNKH. C'tilof-JiiBtlco, ;«)89.
JoNKH, I'liul, 015, 818, 1748, .VWS.
.lOHKi'il II., Einpiror, 77H, 6781.
JOMKPIITIIK (UIIIZ.M1AN, 4151.
JiiHKi'.'iNK, KlupruvB, 101, 178, 10UU,
l««it, .'JW), 4:h-I, 5085. 5111.
JoviUM (tho I'rtroit), 384«
JOYIK, MllttlllllH, -^'151.
JuiiA, 1101, •J71M1, 5161.
.Ii!i)K, QriinditoiiH of St., 880H.
JlM.lAN, KmiHTor, 108.3, 1007, ItWl,
80»l, 85!.5«, a.'iOl «54». 8787, 8771,
8801, 3068, 3111, 8191, 3608, 4114,
441-,', 40HO, 4880, (894, 51.55, 5401,
5007, ,505!l.
JiLiANCs l»ii)ius, ,3078, 3678.
iIuLilis, EinpiTor, ,5003.
Jui.iUH n., I'opc, 11, 934.
JuiMTKU, ,5143, 5401, ,5869, 0159.
JUHTIN TIIK Kl.DEK, 8780.
Jl'htinian, Emperor, 4, 8019, 4533,
5078, 5979, (H)57.
iIiraTiNiAN II., 49<>1.
Ji'HTiNiANi, .John, 1838.
JrxoN, Bishop, 4098.
Kadidjaii. See Cadijah.
Kahlmtaut, OOO, 808-1.
Kay, .lohn, 8998.
Keith, Alexiinder, .343!.'.
Kkitii, Robert Murray, 5781.
Kkn, Bishop, 517.
KlIALED, 1543.
KiFFiN, William, 2903.
KlLDAitE, Kurl of, 4957.
KiNd, Samuel W., 4027.
KiBK, General, 5845.
K.sKLLKn, Sir Godfrey, 8507.
Knox, John, 581, 35(M, 4iir>3, 4959,
0074, 6095.
Knox, Colonel Henry, 5868.
Kosciusko, a'!41.
Kossuth, Louis, 5408.
LiBTA, 0044.
LyETUs, 5743.
Lapatettk, 170, 210, 2285, 8504, 3213,
3810, 3820, 4056, 4318, 4319, 4774,
5851, 6188.
La Hire, Oencral. 2309.
Lallkmand (the Missionary), 3508.
Lambert, Samnel, 2756.
Laniiriivii.i.k (MUiiloiiaij), 8381. I
I vMfADUm, .5788.
t .Mii.EY, KoKer, 3031.
LANNKM,()ciiiral , lean, 8834.
Latimkii. BUhop, 1833, 4S1M), 5119,
0117.
Laudkiidai.I'., 4487.
Law, John, 81.H, 8278, 3066, 5283.
Lawiiinc'8, Captain JameB, 1863,
8570.
Lk Caiion ithe Munk), 8686
Lkk. Ueiieral CharlsH, 4480, 4789.
Lkk, Blchard Henry, 8790
Lek, General Honry, 19S8. 4089, 6018.
Lkb, General Robert E., 1045, 8880,
5833, .5471, 598fi.
Lkk, Thomas, 1571.
LkFoiit, Admiral, 5091.
Lkntuluh, 16,54.
Lko, Archbishop, ,'>086.
I.Ko, Emperor, 4651, 513(1
Lko X., I'ope, 711, 8808. 4260.
LHONATUB, .3800.
Lkonidas, 5008, 5870,
Lkopolu, Duke, 6404.
Lki>ii)Uh, 198.
I.KPTiNKa, .5474.
L'EsTliANUK, Roger, 44.39.
Lktitia (Mother of Napoleon 1.),
3780.
Lewis IX., 3858.
Lkwih, CoLinel Fielding, 6084.
Letdbn, John, 678;i
LiANL'ouiiT, Due dc, 6098.
LiciNius, 1818.
LiciNius Stolo, 6710.
LiOAHius, 1977.
Lincoln, General Benjamin, 5813,
6814.
Lincoln, A., 52, 88, 99, 116, 847, 306,
373, 511, 514 534, 536, 667, 788, 765,
829, 830, 890, 1040, j309, 1476, 1488,
1756, 1787, 1789, 2060, 2864, 2597,
2677, 2078, 8739, 8844, 8977, 3104,
8237, 3278, .3575, 3670, 8588, 8640,
8861, 3737, 3810, .3870, 3887, 3888,
4(X)1, 4147, 4379, 4,380, 4421, 4422,
4559, 4680, 46.35, 4093, 4798, 4809,
5116, 53.39, 5406, 6497, 6641, 5708,
6787, 6800, 6973, 0108, 6200, 0813,
6217.
LiNDLKY, Mary, 0116.
Lindsay, Lord, 5784.
Lisle, Alice, ;«)48.
LiviNOSToNE, Chancellor, 4819.
Llewellyn, 3475, 4898.
Locke, John, 8130, 2070, 3380, 5305,
5556.
LoDBKOo, Regner, 1417.
LoLLiA, Paulina, 3369.
LoNOCHAMP, 1651.
LoNOiNus, 1,369.
LoNGSTREET, General, 71.
Loudoun, Lord, 5911.
Louis n'OuTKKMER, Kiuf;, 4982.
Louis VI., 1198.
Louis VII., 5701, 0142.
Louis IX., 1580, 1729, M13, 3821, 586.3,
6170.
Louis X., 2929.
Louis XI., 5891, 5742.
Lot;iH XII., 8S00, 8461.
LouiR XIII , 1171,1851, '1860.
LoriH XIV., 8llt, 02O, Vn, 1219
1597, lOTl, 8118, 8809, 8'.7a, 84W,
808.3, 8041. aoil, !).'I81, 88U3, 36M,
4119, 4144, Vm, 4miA, 68<I0, 66:15,
5048, 57Sa, 61MI0, 68(«l.
Loum XV., 1.5'.»9, !1810, 8»I7, 41M,
4714, 5,590, 0(»79, 0080.
LoUiH XVI , 877, 304-1, 8808, 4818,
6101, 5710.
LoUiH XVIII., 3301.
LdUiH I'HILIPPB, 310, 887, 30<t, 781,
303-1, ,5093, 5811.
Louis, rrliicc of I'onih't. See (JoNofi.
LouiHA Maria, -1490.
I/OuvEHTliiK, ToiiHHalnt, 8.'>03.
Love (Alderman), 3118.
Lovelace, Governor, 66.'13.
Loyola, IgnatluK, 758.
LuciAN c)F Jkiiuhalkh, 4071.
LUCILI.A, 3(X)3.
LuciUH OsTU's, 4000.
LuciiETiA, 5780, 0149.
LucuLl.tiH, 1,395, t.51K), ;W89.
Luke, St., 4075, 4677, ,5013.
LupiciNUH, 1624.
LuTHKu, Martin, 8, .M, 93, 138, 166
8.57, 807, .3.50, 497, 606, 607, 000,
701, 1098, 11.59, 1168, 116.3, 1178, 1841,
14.3.3, 1-186, l.W), 1731, 1793, 1811,
1880, 1879, 1888, 1983, 8110-J, 8081.
8088, 3101, 8289, 3388, VM, 8.'>4;!,
3480. 4450, 4506, 4r)73, 4033, 40.'- H,
4608, 4709, 4889, 5320, .^377, 57(i'.l,
5735, 5801, 61,56.
Lycuhouh, 999, 1751, 1808, 1817, 18'J3,
8191, 8347, 3104, 3804, 3.305, 3-li)9,
3,530, <«1.55, 4008, 5109, .5-138, 5759,
5958, 0137.
Lyon, Matthew, 85.
Lybandeh, 8-15, 8;j80, 306-1, 5593, 5636,
6989, 0144.
Macaulay, Thomax B., 5,347.
Malaulay, Mrs., 5817.
Maccail (Scotland), 8098.
MacCuea, ,Iaiie, 5108.
MacDonai.i), Flora, 0185,
Maceh, Licinlus. 1003.
Maclachlan, Margaret, 4142.
MaciOdeoiian, 13;30.
Madison, Tresident J., 5873.
Maqaliiaens, Admiral, 1981, 8140.
Maodalen, Mary, 4609.
Maumud, 173, 270.5, 30(«.
lk.Aii(>MKT, 175, 493, 524, ,544, 656, 800,
801, 838, 918, 1033, 1184, 1.378, 1401,
1438, 1431, 1433, 1436, 1408, 1.568,
10.30, 1013, 1931, 1944, 2070, 2184,
3180, 2198, 8377, 8495, 2,540, 2544,
2548, 2588, 2589, 8072, 2073, 3045,
3073, .3218, 8148, .•i638, 3733, 3835,
3815, 4809, 4210, 4.3.33, 4,381, 4525,
4629, 4740, 4748, 4752, 4898, 5077,
5132, 5871, 5491, 6568, 5866, 6070,
6i;m.
Mahomet IT., 202, 005, 707. 1896, 5379.
Mahomet III., 4967.
Majorian, Emperor, 1654, 3471.
Malek, 4197.
750
INDKX OK PKItSONAl- NAMKH.
Mai.mkiiiiiiy, Lord, 4(llli.
Mai.i.kt, 'i\m.
Ma/.i.h a, imo
Mam.ka, .'Hilt).
Mamki.i'KK Knih lltHAHii, Bhiin.
Mani Kl.. I'riiicn, I'II7.
Maiiat, .Iran I'ltiil, AIOI.
Maiicm.i.i'n, I(|n|ii>|), IMH.
Maiicki.i.ik, KWH, awKl.
Ma ltd A, l.Wl.
MAiti ii«, 1*«, l.VM).
Maikib Ajmiki.ii'h, nxi, ItlTB, r<nu.
MAium ('.Ki.n'H, 115(1,
Maiuhin Oiiiiicii.amii, 6101.
Maik'Uh. Seu Kaiiii'k.
Maikuk I'oiuiin Cato, mum.
Maiiuaukt, (|iiiM'u (if KdkIiokI, tiX.'i,
K'.)7, .wir.
Mahia or ('artiiaiik, !i\'A}.
Maiiia i)K Si'AiN, M8ft.
Maiiia Tii"''K«A,7n«, f)IH)r.
Mmiii'h, ViT,, Ml;), MJl.ftTHS.
Maiik. liiHliop, hh;),
MAiti.iiniciii (III, Diike of, IMA, 194H,
1 1 10.
Maiii>/.ia, •i;io.'i.
MAiti<ui:rT« (liio .lefiilt), 4O08.
Maiih, ■4T10, BiTO.
MMidiiAi.i., .IiiiiiCH, r.l"l,
Mahhiiai.!,, Joliii, 5710,
Mahhyas, ,MH4.
^Mautki., Clmrli'it, '.'187, lOCa.
Mauy I., Qin'i'ii i)f Ktinliiiul, XWi.
AlAKY II , Wife or Kin;,' William III.,
1171, itiBO, i!»-ii, 'J0H6, a;oi, ma,
(J()07, 0077.
Mauy (Mahomi'tV), 3348.
Mauy op Modkna, 3528, 5090,6041,
(MKIH, t'108, tilW.
Mauy Htiaut, (iueen of Scots, 580,
IWU, 20(iJ, 'JO',l.i, iil88, 2010, •J(tH7,
8070, Ittl2, H4;)7, 34.-)5, 34U4, 340(1,
37r)l, l,')U4, 48.-)3, 4010, 4018, 5(M17,
5110, ,5781, 58;«, 0073, 0074, 0080,
0005, (illHI.
Mauv, Virgin, 5156, 5850.
Mascezki., 51.3-1.
Maskasoit, 171, 5009.
Mahhoi'd, 18' J.
Matiikii, Cotton, 1,V!7, 6026, 6020.
Matiikw. Father, THl. 42I;.', 5.V)1.
Mai'ii-Da, Wife of Henry I., mVi.
Matthiam (Anabaptist), 3078.
Ma.xkntius, Einpt'ror, ,370, 1(130, 3832.
Maxim;\n, Kinperor, 1298, ,527~.
Ma.ximimas, Kniporor, 4025, 18:19.
Maxi.iiii.ian ok Mk.xk'o, 5:1.33.
Maximin, 1(M9, 1229, 2060, 4800.
Maxi.muk, Emperor, 183, 1140,
Maxi.mus. See l''Ai)itTs.
Maximus. Petronui8, 2270, 5019.
Mayukw, Jonathan, 4270.
Matnaui), 1010.
Mazauin, (-'ardlnal, 3393, 4429, 4539,
477(i, 0209.
Ma/.dak, 1001.
Mc Clki.i.an, General George B., 1496.
M< (ULLouuii, Colonel F., 640.
McLean, Willium, 5471.
McMaiion, I'rcBident, 2900.
Mkuici, 2477.
Mkiik'iii, Mary du, *fi2n.
M Kill CM, t[m
Mkiia( i.KK, Bi;iH.
Mri.anciitiion, 20N8, 5709,,
Mknkchatkk, his, 5779.
MiNKI.AUK, 5910.
MKNKRTIIRItll, l.VM.
MllioR, 2H81.
Mkrhahatkh, IIO'IH.
Mkrhalina, (1064,
MKrKl.i,A,MS2,
Mkticli.I'ii (Cennori, 2(X)B, 8873.
Mkiinikii, itOii,
MioiiAKi., Kinpiror, 444B, 4783, 47:14,
4917.
MiciiAKl., 8t,, 5849.
Mii.i.KIl, IIiiKh, 909, 8403. 29.'I3, 5031.
Mil.'., Karl of Hereford. 1014,
Mii.o (Itoniaiii, 4014, Bimi,
MlI.TIADKI, 5857,
MlI.TlT/., 2101, ,
MMToN,,Iolin, »), l(M, 604, 630, 805,
OiHl, 1011, 116,'), 1167, 169H, 2107 22118,
8325, 2;i:)5, 2198, 2701, :i2r>0, 32i0,
3807, 3310. ai88, 3100, 35f)9, 3T:t2,
4108, 4257, 44.r>, 4.MII, 4686, 521*:),
harX 5374, 6211, 6219.
jIii.To.n, Mrn. ,101111,60(10.
MiNKIlVA (GoddeHB), 5461.
MiNoH, 60B1.
MisrcruM, 2086.
MiM'iT, I'eler, 2997, .5769.
MiriiiiiDATKH, 1265, 8.V2.3, 4069, 4S84.
MlXAM, 4361,
M'Kkndukk, HiHliop, 8033.
Mo(TAI)KU, M8:i, 3842.
Moi;z,.S674.
Moi.i.Y, Captuin, 4078.
Mol.iic, Mulo.v,2,'')61.
Monk, General, 2718,
MoNMoi'Tii, Diiko of, 1412, 1938, SI 19,
2510, S757, 8758, 3-1.57, 4323, 5 1:19.
MoMloK, JameH (I'icsldent), 4819.
Montcalm, General, 145.'',, 1191, 2940.
MoNTKZUMA, 2491, 2063, 2728, 4088,
5440.
MoNTFouT, Dertrnde do, 18.58.
MoNTrouT, i^l'jaiiorB de, 3175.
MoNTPoKT, Jane de, 6012.
MoNTMouKNCY, ConBtalile, 5913.
MoNTfENHIKH, Ducliei-H of, 6092.
MoNTuosK, Lord, 1448.
Moonv, Colonel, 4387.
MouUAUNT, Charles, ,5892.
MouK, Hannah, .57.36.
Moke, Sir Thomas, 1117, 2372, 5679.
Morgan, General Daniel, 1S8;1
MoKOAN, John, 4809.
MoiKJAN, William, .5477.
MoRius, Robert, 3390, 30.59, 40,53, 4R72.
Mouse, San.uel F. U., 2981, 2989,
4030.
MouToN, Dr. William T. O., 2-334,
.5410.
Morton, JiidRC (England), 492,3.
MouTON, Miss (Mrs, J. Qiilncy), 5202.
MosKs, 4.525.
MoTASKKM, 2773.
MoTT, Dr. Valentine, 3810,4026,5417,
5465.
7iIoi:i.TuiE, Colonel William, 650.
Moi-uxoi ri.K, 4S(MI.
Ml'i'ii'ii,8tt(VI
MiKixi.KToN, Ludowick, aow).
M'li.uiiAVN, Karl of. Kill, Sar John
Kiiirri ■■.!>.
MOLI.KU, GuotKO, 585, ,5-.«), 000, UHH.
Um, 20115, 2037, 4718,
Ml'NChii, 5884,
MliHAT, 1917, 2H3».
MlililiAY, Alexander, 30H.5.
MniiiAY, Jainoii Stuart, 4801.
MUUHAV, Mey, 31.J4.
muotai'iia, 4416.
Napoi.kon Honai'autk,24,58, 74, 115
178, 187, 229, 872, 879, 807, ;198, 452,
509, 592, 597, 610, (H7, 0(8, 699, 71.5,
751, 1012, 1152, 11,58, 1197, 1.321, 1.186,
i:i51, 1419, 1489, 1495, 1B29, 1,'h17,
1575, 15H0, 10,50, 1665, It.OO, 1785,
IHI8. 1890, 1917, 19;i:l, 8(H2, 2058,
2053, 2080, 2(MtO, 2201, 82.30, 22.12,
2289, 2882, 8;il9, WIO, 8:157, 2358,
2.519, 8020, 2038, 2080, 269:1, 8739,
8740, 8752, 88,30, 88.33, 28:U, 88.311,
2924, 3117, 3218, 3213, ;i.34(), a31H,
;i:i47, :W95, 8N52, 3,574, 3578, .3592,
;iB95, .3.590, .3780, .3727, .37:18, .'1826,
:|85(), 4090. 4109, 42,M, 4367, 4:16K,
■I-!:'!, 4508, 4021, 4777, 4784, 48(W,
4844, 4802, 4891, 4905, 49.50, ,TO;i".
BOtn, 5111, 6125, 6146, 5205, 6810,
52H7, 6328, 5.375, 6:180, 5il2, ,M80,
I 54'.H, .M96, ,).5(M, ,5,718, 5,5.57, ,5012,
5614, 6615, .5023, B093, ,5707, 5718.
6809, 5827, 5900, 5911, 6021, 6059.
6180.
Nai'oi-eon in., mm.
NAitciHBUa, 6004.
Nahu, Goiieriil Franeli<, 1608.
Nabii, Thomas, 3.'«)3.
Nasica, 8814.
Nayi-kr, James, 2094.
Nkii.e, Hisliop, 61.
Nki.son, Admiral llorntio, 1.391, 1901,
2190, 8508, !«99, 4(W0, 48:)(), 6016, 6017.
Nelson, Governor Thomas, 4066.
Nelson, Uev. John, 1189, 27,51, 2S8.3,
4033. 4472, 4999,
Neuo, 190, :m, .329, 10.58, 1110, \r,o,
1287, 1288, 1317, i:i.58, 1418, 1.5:12,
1932, 8072, 2140, 2.581, :V)09, 3721,
4140, 4;i26, 4309, 4.371, 45tiO, 4965,
4981, B260, 6179, 5482, (X115.
Neuva, King, .57.5.5.
Newcastle, Duke of, 1129, 1679,
8716, 2717, 2922, 42-33.
Newpout, Captain, 4660.
Newton, Isaac, 80, 108, 179, ;i79, 612,
1104, 1472, 1686, 1871, 8100, 2295,
aaOc., 2.304, 2.340. 2575, 34'11, .3.543,
8648, 3794, 4032, 4.339, 41!»2, .5506,
5608, 57:J3, 6992, 6185, 6197.
Newton, John, 1093, 3077.
Newton, Rev. Kobert, 1815.
NicANon, 0169.
NicEPUoutiB, 4592.
NlCETAB, 2211,
NiciAS, 680, 194.3, 3070, 4897.
NiMRoD, King, 82.54.
NoRuis, Lady, ,5992.
17
INDKX OK l'KIUM>NAL NAME8.
751
, irss,
, nm,
asaa,
inm,
S7.H1I,
8N.SI*,
Htm,
.'iHtfd,
■i;)«N,
4H08,
r.aio.
Mao,
r.(iia,
(iOOD.
NoiiTii, NIr Iliidli'y, lOHO.
NoiiTli, KriinclH, a(»IU.
NolTIIKIlUIN, SHIO.
Ni'MA, wiH, :mhi, ;it;h>, 4086.
NlIMITilH, .'WIM.
NttiiHK. Kflii'ccii, Mm.
NuTT. Juiiii, aia-i.
OATKi, TIriii, 11H7, until, 9I«0. STOO,
4*41.1, l.'l.'i;. vm, tmn, MUi, (loivi.
()'(,'i>NNKii, Ki'urKilK, lltM).
otTAviA, nv(i(), iKxir, uiau.
OcrAViid, li«.
<>I)KNATIIIIH, Ufl'Jf!.
Odin, sJIIM), ii.Ma.
OOII.VIK, l!i!M.
OoLKTicciiiPK, (iovKnior JauitH, 038,
til«l, 4aiHI, 4fiMT, oa&o.
Oi.iVAiiib.iy), 5:W1.
0> YMI-IA, tIMd.
u-.;aii, omii()1i, mil), y-ioo, aao7, aisa,
;iai(). mn.
O'Nkal, IMidlm, 413a.
Ol'PiL'n, 34()0.
().tKiiA;4, a387, atina.
Oiii.KANH, Duke of, aiion, 8007.
OliMONi), Diikcuf, I'lUU.
()|ICK(I|.A, .'IIM.
orwai.i), r>i.'>, 03US.
OTIIO, 1(M7.
Otih, Jnint'H, .'^77.
Otto, M . 1(M)7.
Ottocaiiuh II , 1587.
OiioiiTKEi), WiUluni, !Ab[).
OunKi.KV. OIiUm)ii, lai.'l.
OVKiiuiiiiY, Sir TlioiiiaB, 4330.
P.Ki)Ar.ieTii8, 4008.
Paine, Thoe:niH. ;1(), 1087.
Paink. Tiiiiolliy, 'J03.
1'alamki)H«, aav'.i.
l'Ai..«oi.<)oim, John, wm, .1704.
I'ai..*;oi.()uuh, Mlcliiu'l, la, 1336.
I'Ai.MKR, HiirtJiirii, 40Ha.
Palmeii, Captain, 010.'>.
Pai.mkk, UoKur, laaS.
PM..MKIWTON. Lord, 140, 1311, 8170.
Panfii.o i)K Narvaez. 8;j00, 3830.
Paki«, Samuel, 0OJ4, OOaO.
Parih the Tbo.jan. .VJIO.
Paukek, lip. of Cantorhury. 8001.
Paukeu, Bp. of O.xford, 3489, 3807.
Pahkeb, Captain, .')881.
Paukhuust, Ulsliop, 1016.
I'AUMENio, 18ti. 3741, .'iS.'iU, 5880.
Parry, Sir William, 77, 8047, 4405.
Tahseus, 1807.
PA11Y9ATIS, 48.55, 0048.
Pascal, Blaisf, 3:534, 8741, 3686, 4335,
4081.
Patkhi., 4514.
Patuick, St.. 3037.
Paul op Samasota, 8961.
Paul, St., .5013, 5844.
Paul III., Pope, 3016.
Paul IV., Pope, 4939.
Paula, 3683.
Pausanias, 808, 1556, 3724, 5675.
Peel, Robert, 563, 5609.
Pelaoius, 1803.
pKLoriDAt, 1369, 9n», sinrr, waa,
8375, 4477.
Pknukiiki., ItUhKrd, 3461.
I'KNN, Wllll»m, («)7, ir«7, 3tK)3, 3778,
3(MI, 3HH.%, »)M. .'IMN, lOHl, 40H7,
4004, 43&.'>, 4745. ATUI, 5730.
Pknninuton, Captain, OUOV,
Pkimn, 3IUt).
PKlilJU't AM, 3088, 80UU.
PHIIKNNIH, 1III3.
pciiii'i.KR, 1 IU7. iroo, 8170, aaos, 4037,
41^., 4!Jai, 4708, 4778, 4833, ftAIH,
0(184.
I'aiiiioNET, MiiN, 3634.
i'KIITINAX, IO,V46tO, 5»lt.
Pktkr the IJIIKAT, 380, 1194, 1408,
1U65, !.'I38, 8618, 3875, !)808, 6001,
(H>IO, OaiN).
I'KTKIITIIK IIekmit. l.'I^O, 17.t6, 6451.
pKTEIt III. or III »IIIA,0O(H,
Peter, St., 4070,5013,6150.
Peteiih, IInul>. 8805.
Petraimii, 081, 1335.
Petiieiuh, 1411 1.
Petty, HU Willlnni, 3071, 6871, 6874.
Peyton, Major, 3100.
PlIARAH, 3718.
Pllli.iiiAH, 4177.
I'liii.ii' the Acaunanian, 1048.
Piiil.il' II. OK Si'AiN, 7IW, 8038, 8658,
3801, 1511,4039,5143.
Piin.ic II. or Khan(:e, 1038, 4941.
I'aii.ii- IV., IMO, 4399.
I'lliLll- VI., 5090.
PlllLil- V. okSi'ain, 2681.
Pun. II- or IIeshe Cab><ei,, 46.58.
PliiLil' or Macedon, 30(1, 071, 1118
1H8!I, 19tl8, 3080, 4689, 4580, 4885,
•104, 6897, 3.');)8, KA\), 5115.
PlliLil-f A. (iiiceii, 40;i0.
P'llI.OI'.KMON, 868.
Piiii.oTAH, 3741.
PlIII.OXENIl!', 1313.
I'llOCAH, 1318.
PilocioN, lim.'), 8884, 4883.
PuoTiUB, Palrlarcli, 8571, 47.34.
PiEur ., Ku8lace de St., 4030.
Piluiiim'b PiiooiiES?, lia.
PiNLKNKY, CliarleH C, .5710.
PiNKiNOToN, Sheriff, 5178.
P|»I8TUATII)K», 1068.
PiSlSTRATUH, .5438.
PiTCAiiiN, Major, 5881.
Pitt, William, 1515, 2899, 28.35, 8890.
3580. 3780, 4040, 483;), 4488, 4794,
4807, 6038, 5888.
PiiiB v., 688.
PiZARiio, Franclcco, 641, 880, 1068,
1077, 1170, 4984, 5810.
I'LACIDIA, 8.1,50, 0107.
Plato, 1817, 8010, 3891, 4166, 4883,
5488, 5r>40, 5001, 5778.
Pliny, 50.50, (Kiia.
Pocahontas, 5007, 6097.
PoE, Kdfjar A., 108-1, 8914, 8955, 4431,
5033, 6I9j.
Pole, Cardinal, 2558.
Polk, President, 870, 1267.
POLYNICES, 3884.
PoLYSPEHcnoN, 5938.
Poltstratub, 5278.
PdMPAliorn, MtrrhloMfM de, OOM).
Pimrrv, 6, 177, 810. H77, UW, Kll,
93.\'l, .<386, •M*\, 8805, .'1.107, HDM^
3810, ilHOI, 4014, 4IHNI, 49.'>il, 48.53,
4861, 4:,'l, 1*16, 41.M, IMH.|, I!t30,
6147, 6710, 6810, 0H38, 6033, 6030,
0310.
P"lll"KlA, 6170.
PoMi-oNiUH. 4060.
PoNKT, Ulnhop, .1018
PoNTIl'ii, imil. 8008, 5080.
Pope, Ali'xundrr d'ovt), a3a8, 3313,
!i:ll7, .'«)6(1, 4103
I'oPP.KA, 4371, 4.105.
PoilHKNA, 38t>4.
I'oilUr', 1588.
PoHTI'MllM, .5708.
PoUNliK, John, 5015.
Powhatan, 8<.M11, 4713, t»87.
I'llKHfoTT, (iriKral Oliver, 5107, 6051.
PuKMToN, Captain, 3517.
PlIKTONI'.IH MA.\miI(l See Maximi'h.
Price, (ienerul (ConfeihTate), .Miio.
I'UIIIK, Colonel. 4!KII.
PniDKAi'X, Kdnuind, .'totl7.
PltiNCE, Itov. Henry. 3335.
PlioBUH, Emperor, 88;i. 310, 1093,8818.
PnocTon, (ieneral, 8N17,
PlIo.MAClllH, 8918.
PlloToOKNI'H. 0815.
I'liYNNf:, Wlllliim. 8(M0, 4466, 6588.
Ptoi.kmy, .'ttMili. 4985
PtoI.k.my, Soter, .'1840.
y'ui.cMElilA. 58.15.
PiKKFoY, Wllllani.OOU
I'lllK'MH, 1180.
PrTNA.M, Inrnel, 1891. 40.30, 0115.
I'YiiitiUH, 1071. 11(H), 3765, 419r, 6815,
5038.
I'YTIIAOOIIAB, 4709, 5809.
Pythkah, 4484.
Pythics, 4881,5731.
(iUKiioN \ii.i.K, Mademoiselle, 0085.
(Quince, Parker, 88!«.
tiriNCY, JohIhIi, 1751, 8737,3888,3887,
4-.'38, 4:)88, .58(10, 5Ji;8,
ticiNTus Sui.i'ii.irs, 10H.5.
RaikK!*, Robert, 40.50.
Rai.eium, Walter, ll.'lO, 18-14, 2747,
3,585.
Rapmakl, 340.
Raymond, Count, 4067.
Reoulus, Attilius,.5(i81.
Rem toil's, Binhop, 0046.
Rkmis, 390,078.
Ri:vkke, Paul, ,5881
Reynolds. Sir Jo^'hiia, 44.58.
Rich. Edmund, 3180.3711.
Richard I., 181.5, 1360, 1473, 1606,
8IW, 8H53, 38,58, 3081, 3770, 4830,
4014, 5480. ,5947.
Richahd II., am, ,5381.
Richard III., 842, 1789, 3742.
Richelieu, 1473. 2184, 2^188, 2851,
Riddellb in Scotland, 3761.
RiD' EY, Bifhop, 4915, 0147.
RiKNZi, 1892, 2576, 4443, 45.'31.
RiTSON, Joseph, 6783.
KT./I
7;)i»
INDEX OF PERSONAL NAMES.
iti
Kixzio, Secretory of Mary Stuart,
S(i«7 a^Sl. 1916.
UoBKiiT, Count of ArtolB. aiiW.
•' KlIIIKItT TUh Dkvil," liVtHj.
H")B':iiT, Emperor, 4803.
RoBKllT TUB NollMAN, lOO-l.
UoBKiiTH, Ulshop, 1860.
Kc iKSPiKUKK. a370, 448a, 'i73\>.
l{<)iiiN8i)N (i'uritaii puHtof ), 4r3!.v
Kodlh-fr.ii, '.ord, 14T1, 1010, .HTiOO,
36o;<, 3874, l!87.'j, 191l», TAHi, !5889
lioDDA, Richard, 4fi5().
iioDKHlOO, li048.
Uoui)M-il, 1587.
Rdidiiuu'iZ, J.iaii, 3<tO0.
RoErucK, Dr. Johu, s!«85.
RoGKiis, John, 3507.
Rdkewoou, Roger, S858.
1£( T,ANi), Miidame, 3-J13.
RoLFK, John, 4743, .'Mm.
ll.iLi.s, 1.^86.
Roma, 3084.
KiiMANus, asi, ai'.t".
Romulus, 896, 678, 3047, 3785, 3818,
4006, 6014, 6J02.
RooKK, (icorf^e, 2041.
RoSAMo.s'i), ^iieeii, 67, 1292, 3971.
Rothschild, Maier Amsel, 713, 5168,
516J.
RoWLANDSDN, Mury, 3731.
UOXANA, 48^.').
RuDKL, Geoffrey, 3848.
RuxBoLD, 1246.
RuMPOKD, Count, 503, 3462, 45<t3.
RlTPBiiT, I'rince, 826, 1288, 1898, S718,
S870, 3487.
Rush, Vr., 4389.
Sabinub, 3879.
Sackville, Charles, 3013.
Sackville, George, 1304.
Saladin, 2475, !M88, 4175, 4960.
SALTKii, William, 4125.
Samuel (Judge of Igracl), 4677.
Sancuoft, Bishop, 4818, 4919.
.Sandanis, 1072.
Sandwich, Lord, 6146.
Sandvs, Sir Edwyn,8452.
SaI'or, 441, 2.")27.
Saubah, 5713.
Sakdanapalub, 5646
SATUUNrsus, 2622, 4509.
SATYItUfl, .5403.
Saundkhs, Liiwrence, 3507.
Sawteu, 3170.
Satda. 2642.
ScHUTLEii, General, 203.
SciPio, 129, 1899.
SciPio Africanus, 5702.
Scrpio AsiATicus, 1948.
ScLATEii, Edward, 4700.
Scott, Daniel, 1273.
Scott, General Charles, 5485.
Scott, Walter, 19, 90, 91, 92, 94, 111,
190 -^32, 490, 1015, 1173, 1640, 1j44,
5»4J, 2059, 2318, S592, 8882, 3336,
5207, 5493, 5761.
Scott, Mrs. (W. S.'s mother) 6670,
5783
ScROPis, Archbishop, 1941.
Sedlet, Cathorin", 2842, 50S4, 0068,
6085.
Semmeb, Captain Raphael, ,H809.
Sbnkca, 4657, 4966, 6482, 6010.
Skrapih, 1)94.
Sbiiapion, 4432.
Se.itouiuh, 113, 4078,4149, 6178.
Seuvius Tdlliub, 3017.
Sbiivius SuLPiTins, ,'i716,
Sevehub, Emperor, 206, 2.'i9, 388,
3148, 2264, 4486.
Seymour, Charles, 3138
SbtmoUR, Sir Edward, 4'H8.
Sktmoui' Governor Horatio, 3646.
Seymour. Jane, tAKW.
Sextub, 42, 5780.
Shaftesbury, Lord, 4303.
Shakespeare, 25a5, *109, 3493, 5036,
6803.
Sharpb, .nrchblshop, bSSii.
Shaw, Rev. Barnabas, 4554.
Sheffield, John (Earl uf Muigrave),
3895.
I Shelley, Percy Bysshe, 18, 197, 402,
j 443, 796, 873, 2314, 2780, 2738, 2745,
j 8088, 3;Mr>, 3350, 3672, 37(M, 4211,
5223, 5993.
I Shelley, Mrs., 5429,5993.
Shelley, Timothy, .3704.
Sheridan, Ricliard B., 29,V2.
Sherman, Gen. T., 3175, 6114, !)807.
Shirley, Sir Antony, 5629.
Short, Dr. Thomas, 4170.
Shovel, Sir Cloudesley, 2602.
Shrew8Bc:.y, Earl. See Charles
Talbot.
Sidney, Algernon, 2785, 5676.
Sidney, Henry, r).'j02
SieyJ;s, Abbe, 4814.
SiQisMDHD, ELnperor, 1918, 4188.
81LENU8, 2.386.
SiLLius, CaiUB, 6064.
SiMoNiDES, 4569.
SlWARD, 6173.
SixTUa v.. Pope, 4939.
Skelton, Martha, .33ii'i.
Skippon, General, 4378.
Smith, Captain John, 80, 1848, 8711,
2961, 3198, 3803, 4877, 5097, 5441.
5458, 6087, 6153.
Smith, Dr. Thomas, 3S67.
Smith, Rev. Thomas, 5000.
Smithson, Jumes, 1818.
Socrates, 700, 1256, 1451, 0089,3147,
3503, 3700, 4.5,'>0, 4557, 50.50, 505J,
5870, 5677, 5733, 6018, 6084, 6158.
SoLiMAN (the Caliph), 8926.
Solon, 129, 1230, 1399, 14tH, ;«)06,
3155, 3159, 43,59, 4886, 5019, 5':43.
Solyman, 2562, 5845.
Sonbpield, Madame de, .5741.
Sophia, Princess, 6040, 6206.
80UTHEY (Poet), 566, 1782, 5103, 5341,
6148.
Spalatin, 1241.
Spanus, 1479.
Sparks, Jared, 3094.
Spartacuc, .'5200.
Sfrat, Bishop, 922.
Sta£l, Madame dc, 6059.
St. Clair, Geaeral, 56.
SvANDtsH, Miles, S:j, 880, 6901, 5900.
Stanton, Secretary, 110.
Statira, 4865.
Steele, Richakd, 1037.
Stephen III., Pope, 3190.
Stephen, St., 4071, 4075.
Stephenson, Robert, 639, 1777, 4089.
Steuben, Baron, 1623.
Stevens, Alexander H., 3285, 4*38.
STHENNiS, .3819.
Stillinofleet, Bishop, 7.
Stilpo, 3097.
HTILPON, 5982.
Stoneman, General, 4007.
Stork (the Fanatic), 58;M.
Stormont, 212.
Story, George, 2518.
Story, Judge, 5806.
Stratio, 2822.
Strafford, Lord, 109, 120, 822, 1407.
1545, 1934, 1962, 2919, .'i860, 4840.
Stratonice, 4884.
St. Ruth, 1221.
Stuart, Mary. See Mary Stuaht.
Stupen, Major-Oeneral, 5126.
Stuyvebant, I'eter, 6418, 5473.
Stylites, Simeon, 4706 .5012.
Suetonius Paulinus, ,'i5)5.
SULHN, Von der, 20.52.
SULPICIANUS, 3678.
Sunderland, Lord, 1186, 1594,2118.
2266, 2907, .5676.
Sund- \nd. Lady, 5676.
SUR! .Jarl of, 6460, 5893.
SuTTh.., John A., 8392, 2679.
SuWARoFp, General, 3619.
Swedenboro, Emmanuel, 188, 688,
914, 91ii, 9.58, 1442, 1539, 2.541, 2658,
2818, 3281, 3449, 1554, 3577, 5308,
5309, 5311, 5606, 5678, 5681, 5847,
6207.
Swui'T, Jonathan (Dean), 2386, 4016,
^or.
Sylla, .95, 2767, 2788, 8820, 8877.
388?, 5107, 6452, 6210.
Syl^anus, Constantine, 1859.
Sylverius, I'ope, 5162.
Sysioambib, 2220.
Tacitus, 2886, 2624.
Talbot, Charles, 22.33.
TiLBOT, "Dlclc," 8699, 8802, 4270,
6177, 6032.
Talleyrand, 4199.
Tambiran, Arumaga, 2588.
Tanjous, .5718.
Tarik,4841.
Tarleton, Coloael, 8902.
Tarpeia, 5698.
Tarquin, 43, 3062, 3176, 5022, 6786.
TAH(jniKIA, 0139.
Tarquinius Supkbbub, 3163.
Tasso, 3305.
Taylor, Elizabeth, ,3403.
Taylor, Dr. Rort-land, 679, 1283,
8073, 3403, .3507, 4779.
Taylor, General Zach«ry, 4ft41.
Tbleclides, 1943.
Tglemachus, 885.
Telford, 4610.
Tkmuoin, 4631, 6682.
INDEX OF PERSONAL NAMES.
753
iOOl, fi900.
77,4088,
5, 4aS8.
122, 1407,
1846.
TUAllT.
•3.
94,2118.
83, 583,
1, 2658,
r, 5308,
, 5847,
}, 4016,
I, 8877.
4276,
'86.
1233,
Tkiiknck (I'oft), 8690.
Tkiirntia, 3460, 6130.
Tetzkl, 2802, 2803, 4300. 51,^, .')164.
'"'iiACRKAr, 1310, 1506, 8834.
Til \L\», 380, 8717, 5580, 5600, 6157.
Thkjiah, 6088.
TiiKllisTn(;i,K8, IM, 180, 6:35, 819, 1004,
2191, 21U0, 2387, 285«i, 8169, 3467,
4816, 4375, 4664, 5078, 5261, 6-J83,
S543
Thkodoua, 1844, 1583, 2019, 4305,
4.Vi5, (i057.
TiiKoDoiiK LahcauisII., 2609, 4803.
TiiKoDOKic, 79, 164, 201, 1115, 2067,
2115. 2607, 8637, 3720, 5136, 5<«)0.
Tni;oD()Hius,.'>98, 1878, 3.520, 4105, 5212.
Tiiicoi'inLUs, Emperor, 3057, 348.').
Thkuesa, Maria, 3712, 4036, 48 '9,
6()75.
'I iiKSKUs, 254, 967, 2126, 2500, 4678,
6051.
TiiKspis, 3006, 5592.
TiiKSTK, 6099.
Thomas, St., 4670.
'j'lioMi'soN, Benjamin (Count ^urn-
ford), 4503.
Thompson, Sallie, 2628.
Thuasyiuilus, 3222.
TiiuocKMoHToN, Sir Nicholas, 3050.
Thucvdidks, 4150.
TiBBnius, Emperor, 1763, 4981.
TiQiiAN KS, 3829.
Tilly, General, 5884.
Timoclba. 6096.
TiMoN (the Athenian), 6386.
TiMOTHKUS, 2213.
TiMOTUKtTs (the Milesian), 3745.
Timothy, St., 4677, 5013.
TiMouii. 89, 1!>5, 205, .309, 615, 741,
114!!, 1337, 1,367. 1368, 1371, 1579,
2262, 2379, 2499, 2661, 2805, S811,
3179, 3392, ailO, 4,543, 4837, 5214,
6313, 5645, 5894, 5920, 5987, 6168,
6171, 6184.
TiniBAZus, 5773.
TiTLBA, ti024, 6028.
TiTtJS, Emperor, P81, 430/, 5565.
Titus Manlius, 5;84.
Too UUL, 2769.
ToTiLA, 2079.
TowNSEND, Charles, .5381.
TuAJAN, Emperor, W7, 1893, 3873.
TllKBATIUS, 1294.
TiiEVOR, Sir John, 666, 1214.
Tkton (Conspirator), 1136,
TULLUSi H,)BTII.IUg, 4086.
Tunnell, John, 2.398.
TuRisuND, 2645.
TUHNERB, 6118.
Tyler, President, 4275.
Tyndalb, 5C6.
Tyuconnel, Lord Lieutenant, 3161,
3214, 3899, 5830, 5263, 6108.
Udiastes, 4a55.
Umphraville, Gilbert de, 6746.
Underhill, John, 4771.
Urban the FouNnER, 707.
UusiNi, Martin, 4531.
/albnb, Emperor, 8-36, 91o.
Valbntinian, 8876, 8797.
Valeria, 4800.
Van Buhi-n, President, 51.4169,4885,
4251, ,5285.
Vane, Henry, 1414, 14^11, 2039, 32U,
Xm, 4313.
Varro, 1009.
Vataoes, John Ducas, 1766.
Venner, Thomas, 2*^1, 2093.
Venus, 6'378.
Veratius, 2868.
Verrazzani, 3787.
Verres, Senator, 1810.
Vespasian, Emperor, 284.5.
Veturia, 0101.
Victoria, Queen, ,361,862.
VioiLius, Pope, 2079, 6162.
ViLI.EMONOlS, 6789.
ViL' iER», Elizabeth, 6007.
Vili.iers, George, 494, 8416.
VlRAPLACA. 6301.
ViROiL, 10:M, 2341, 4524.
VlTELLI, 54.36.
ViTELLius, 3371,3879.
Voltaire, 3, 2155, 2825, 2809, 3008,
4437, 6170.
Wadsworth, Joseph, 1888, 5474.
Wadsworth, Captain William, 4907.
Walker, Andrew, 5044.
Walker, George, 927.
Walker, Hovenden, 2026, 5390.
Walkek, I.. P., 5940.
Walker, Obadinh, 5043.
Wallace, William, 8818, £560.
Wallenstein, 42ftl.
Waller, Edmund, 664.
Walsh, " Gallows," 5309.
Waltkrb, Lucy, 8470.
Warbeck, Perliin, 2756.
Ward, Artcmus. See Brjwnb,
Charles F.
Ward, Sal'.ie, a&44.
Ware, Thomas, 8640.
Warenne. Earl, 4902.
Warwick, 1619, 4265, 27,'>5.
Wa.iiiinoton, Georoe, 55, 50, 76,
97, 809, 1447, 1541, 1589, 1784,
1788, 1798, 1840, 1873, 1926, 2090,
2308, 2342, 2420, 2611, 2033, 20.35,
27.37, 2748, 2708, 2?S0, 2830, 2iir(i,
3102, 3195, 321(), 3235, 3274, .3;i0(i,
•3400, 3407, ,3551, ,3738, 3771, 10.53,
4005, 4;i82, 4480, 4020, 40.34, 4781,
4790, 4842, 4873, 4014, 4001, 5211,
5302, 5:«9, .5;»2, 5485, 5503, 5018,
5817, 58,53, 6941, 5040, 0001, 6115,
«191, 0194, 0204.
Washington, George, King of Siam,
3081.
Washington, Col. William, 2726,
2902.
Washington, Mrs, (Mother of G.),
3;W0, 005.3, 6208.
Wat, William, 3434.
Watson, George, 2795.
Watson, Rev. Richard, 8615.
Watt, James, 562, 689, 2316, 8975,
2979, 2987, 2993, 3642, 3580, 4402,
6063.5664.
Webster, Daniel, B61, 70.3, 8133, 4056,
4310, M2», 5604.
Wkdowood, Joslali. 2073.
Weed, Thurlow, 3181.
Wkllinoton. Duke of, 1750, 3a30,
;«88, 8817, ,5809, .5030,
Wentworth. Henrietta, 8516. 3457,
Wehi.ey, Charles, 702, 1087, 5080,
6881.
Wesley, John, 110, 138, .S58, 518, 549,
.588, 008, 1080, 1128, 1140, 1180, 1234,
1819, 2111, 2190, 3116, 3205, .3.597,
4472, 4703, 4768, 5173 nKVl, 5966,
.5978.
WESLr:Y, Samuel, 119, 922, 4280.
Wesley, Susanna, !i58, 704, ,5267, 0034.
V/E8T, Captain, 5288
Whalley, Edward, 4000.
Wharton, Lord Thomas, 3750, 5203.
Wheeler, General, 4847.
WuiTLocK, General (Whitefeathcr),
1271.
White, Colonel, 3328
White, Governor, 15;M.
White, Thomas, 2801.
Whitepield, George, 2029, 26.50, .3387
4770, 4901,0217.
Whitelock (Ambassador), 4.390.
Whitoipt, Bishop, 41.38.
Whitney, Eli, 88, 2988, 8991, 3113,
311,5.
Whitworth, Lord. 2519.
WiLBBRPORCE, William, 2208, 49S6
5030.
Wilcox, General, a380.
Wii.DMAN, Jolin, 4821,
WiLHELMiNA. Princess, 5741.
Wilkinson, Catherine, ,531.
WiLLAN, James, 5321.
WiLLiA.M I. (the Conqueror), 436,
726, 1064, 1415, 1022, 258.3, 87i6,
3229, 53.35, 59;a.
William II. (the Redi, 1091, 1007
1300, 5526.
William IIL (Prince of Orange), 121.
666, 1010, 1002, 1.505, 1851, 1802,
1897, 1919, 1984, 1973, 8136, 8147,
2194, 2223, 22.34, 2235, 2589, 2656,
2664, 2681, 2685, 2090, 2702, 3010,
3063, 3410, 3546, 3573, 3500, 36.33,
3892, 4024, 4020, 4111, 4229, 4200,
4280, 4404, 4448, 448,8, 4540, 4551.
4555, 45,58, 4821, 4003, 5008, 5083
5274, 5,303, 5376, 5502, 5673, 5998.
6007,6077,6114,6104.
William op Cumberland, 69.
William, Duke, 31, 33.
William, Fredericlt. 1072. 4026.
William op Normandy, 3840, 4079
6905.
Williams, Abigail, Ofi' ^.
Williams, Eunice, 3288.
Williams, Roger, 464, 1101, 2554,
2826, 5638. 6135, 6163.
Wilson, Henry, 1868.
Wilson, Margaret, 4142.
Wilson, Colonel William. ,5248.
Windham, Widow, .3358.
WiNDOM, Secretary, .3701.
Winslow. Captain, 3809.
WiNTHROP, John, 3173.
*
754
INDEX OF PEUSONAL NAMES.
X.'oLFK, General, 1452.
Woi,8KY, Canllniil. 1139, 1546, 1895,
3071,4044.5071, 5611.
WoKCESTEit, MarqucflH of, 4410.
WoiiHSWonTii, 560, 1013, 1668, 3103.
WiiKN, Christopher, 280, -iSS, 4483.
Wkioht. Robert, 3033.
Wtcxiffk, 678, 4127.
XANTiiirrus, 2170.
Xknoimi.v.nks, 5101, .5071.
Xekxks, 320, 1020, lOiS, 8724, 3831,
4aS7, .'■Cil, 6110.
¥m,r, Ellhu, 1783, 1915.
You.-io (Poet), 1670.
YuLKK, Senator, 2679.
ZALEircnH. 4611, 4730.
Zayd, 2374.
Zkid, 3242.
Zkineb, 3»12.
Zemes, 4740.
Zenoku, Peter, 4438.
ZenoBia, 2152, 0055.
ZoROASTBit, 625, 3269. 613S.
IBWj
GENERAL INDEX OF TOPICS,
WITH CROSS-EEFERE^JOES.
Note -References marked by a Btar (*) are titles of the articles referred to. All others In this Index
TOSS- references to articles that illustrate other topics besides the one given In the title of the article.
ABANDONOTENT.
Inhuman a. -Moslems.
.Mortlfyinu a.-Tlmothy Hall.
♦1
*2
Miscellaneous crosa-referencea
of All for Safety-Rome.
" Army by General.
Beneflclal-IIernando Cortez.
of Clviliziition-9. Houston.
Deserved a.-Catlllne.
t)y Heartless Sailors-Hudson.
lIuraillatlnKa. of Nero.
Just a. by children- J. 11.
Outcast for religlon-W. Penn.
Painful a. of Wite-Dustin.
for Plunder-Soldiers.
Sudden a. of Richmond.
Wife-Shelley.
heo DE.SEKTION.
Imltated-to Wm. of Orange.
Shameful a. -by Agathocles.
Constructive d.-Fred. II.
See FLIGHT.
Cowardly f.-Heraclian.
Famous for f.-MaxImln.
for Safety-Roman panic.
See FUOITIVK.
Hopeless of escape.
Royal f.-James II.
Sympathy for f.-Am.
Welco;aed-James II.
See FUGITIVES.
Generosity to royal f.
Punished by slavery.
Itefuge of f.-Asylum-Rome.
Sanctuary of f.-N. Carolina.
See RUNAWAY,
from Abuse-Fred. II.
Arrested-D. Crucliett.
Distineuished r.-Pizarro.
Reformed r.-D. Crockett.
Successful r.-B. Franklin.
" " -S. Houston.
ABILITIES.
Mlsapplied-Fred. Il.-Voltalre. *3
Numerous a.-R. Emp. Justinian. •4
Overrated-Pompey. *5
Shown in Youth-Alex. "6
Useless a.-J. Dryden In debate. *7
2117
1538
78
905
393
37.57
1270
2203
*,39ro
117
2417
6107
5993
♦1534
♦1538
3389
215.9
2060
2117
1710
5788
4660
5990
2641
602
187
2439
a389
634
*4984
637
638
905
Conversational a. -Johnson.
Dangerous a.-Unlnstructed.
Diplomatic a.-Corrupted.
" " -Remarkable.
Field for a.-Appropriate.
Impractical a.-Milton- Politics.
Manifold a. -(J,. Elizabeth.
Misapplied-Failure-Newton.
-Golds'h.
-"Magn't brute."
Mlsplaced-Glbbon in Pari.
Multiplex a.-Co3sar's.
Numerous a.-Galllenus.
PraotUial a.-M. Van Buren.
Presumable a-Elevatlon.
Prostituted-Emp. Gratlan.
Restricted field for a. of Ceesar.
Triumph of a.-Wm. Pitt.
Wrecked-Splendid-Burns.
See EXPERT.
by Practice-Jeffreys.
Physical e. -Henry II.
See EXPERTS.
Unappreciated-Frederick II.
See INGENUITY,
vs. DltQculttes-Augustus.
Practical-Benjamin Franklin,
of Savages-Hatchets.
Success by l.-Colum'ous.
Boyish l.-I. Newton.
Female l.-Sllk-vveavlng.
Genius shown by i. -Newton.
Knowledge Increased by I.
In Printing mezzotints.
Progress by l.-Telescope.
Rewarded by Power-loom.
Stimulated-New sauce.
Unrewarded-Spinning.
See TACT.
Lack of t.-Johu Adams.
Natural t.-Henry Sidney.
Miscellaneous ernas-referenceB.
Bfc,lanced-G. Wash.
3406
Rewarded-Careless slave.
Superstition overcome by t.
II " "
See SKILL.
Misapplled-Perpet'l motion.
Proof of s.-Rothschild.
Marksman's s.-Commodus.
"-Crockett.
1172
1507
1594
1600
4224
4257
3005
2100
2030
1068
40r>4
2479
18;«
4251
1007
2r5
2027
♦1994
389
3041
*2846
♦28-17
♦2848
♦2849
642
0070
2;»3
302H
1898
1632
2971
2185
2908
*5.-)01
♦5502
32
31
33
♦5168
♦5169
3430
4323
See TALENT.
without Character.-Fred. II. ♦,'i503
Discovery of t.-Nap. I. KiTM
Education of t.-Alex. *.").'')05
Indie- Hons of t.-Math'os. ♦.''wOB
Lack of t.-Confed'te Gens. ♦.5.'i07
Overestimated-Nap. I. *:a{)H
Untaught-Z. Colburn. ♦.5.')0'J
vs. Character-Byron. 20,')7
Developed by criticism. 1.305
Mlsapplied-Ruler. 4.5(1!)
Money rivals t.-Crassus. 4920
Without succesis-Goldsmltli. 20.'!0
See GENIUS, MIND ami POWER (h Inv.
ABNEGATION.
Self-a. of M. Lutiier. ♦S
See SELF-ABNEGATION in loc.
ABSENCE.
Condemned-Georgo II.
♦9
Reasonable a. -Halifax.
♦10
Beneficial a.-Cortez,
78
Evasion by a. -Cicero.
205(j
Mysterious a.-Cleomedes. *
►15*1
ABSOLUTION.
In Advance by Pope Julius II.
♦11
Costly a. of Palaiologus,
*]•>
Desired lu death by Charles II.
♦13
Crosa-refereiice.
Penance for pope's a.
2889
.5ee ACQUITTAL.
Joy at a. of 7 Bps. -Popular.
3031
See PARDON in loc.
ABSTINENCE.
Certainty by a.-S. Johnson.
♦14
Limit of a. in fasting.
♦15
Prudential a. by experience.
*16
Twofold a.-Wlne by confessor
. +17
Unconso's a. from food-Shelley. +18
Miscellaneous cross-reference?
In Distress of mind.
3003
" Excitement-Gamblers'.
0146
" Grief-Wife of James II.
6068
Necessary a.-" One glass."
2955
Nobility in a.-Alex.
5095
Self -Conquest by a.-Mahomet.
5077
See HUNGER.
Address to h. difficult.
2014
1 Desperation of h. -Cannibals.
706
i
ii
76G
PorUhlDic from h.-SleKP. 1502
rressuro of h. Sailors. 13!)3
Subjutcated by h.-Prliio. 'U55
Sec FAST, KAMINK ami TEMTEU-
AN('E(ri he.
ABSTIlACriON.
Art of a." Wiiisteoat button." 'lO
Blunders by a.- Nowton. *!iO
Dangerous a.-Archtmodea. *81
ABSTRACTION- ACTION'S.
UnoonsclouB I. -James II.
Mlsci'llaneous crosareferciiccB.
Absence of mlnd-Ooldsmltb.
Aroused from a. -Johnson.
Philosopher's a.-Archlmedes.
Youthful a. by study-Newton.
Study of-Pascal.
ABSURDITY.
Governmental a.-I/smodel.
ABUSE.
Absenci! of a.-Savapte's.
Personal a. of Milton.
Slanderous a. -Napoleon I.
Success by a.-PolItloal.
M Isccllnneous croBsrcfercnccs
VS. Arguments-Johnson,
of the Blind-Milton.
" Countrymen -London.
Exposure to a.-Appius.
of Good principles.
Growth of a. -Star-chamber.
Judicial a.-Jeffreys.
I'oUtioal a for effect.
Reformation of a. -Hopeless.
Self-applied a. in PreachioK.
Vi. Use-Money.
ScclNIirMAMTY.
Commercial l.-Old slaves,
of Man to man-Eng .
" " -Spain.
Professional l.-Jeflfreys.
Revenge for 1. -Pestilence.
009
aaio
1905
2100
2324
2-130
♦28
*23
•24
•25
Age of 1. to criminals.
Avarice causes l.-l'Sth Cent,
to Beggars-Punishnont.
" Children-Jeffrey's court.
Christian 1. to pagans,
of Commerce-Famine.
" " -Slave-trade.
Excused-Public safety,
of Government-Bateraan.
to Indians-Explorers,
of Persecutors-Covenanters,
to Prisoners-London.
-"The Fleet."
-England.
Rellglou.s i. of persecutors,
of Superstition-Lepers burned
-Sylla.
in War-Romans.
See INSULT.
tiiOre than Injury-Arabs,
to Jealousy-Flogging.
Last 1. -Crusaders.
Political i.-Wm. Pitt.
Rebellion from 1. -Persians.
Remembrance of l.-Cyrus.
Stinging l.-Col. Tarleton.
2904
23
1831
1855
1121
1255
18-18
42&3
4353
1234
5755
*28.'>9
*2HG0
•8801
•2802
•2863
2050
420
2703
803
lO.'W
2002
1110
5003
540
908
056
4467
4469
5183
2557
4418
5452
5911
♦8896
♦2897
•2898
♦2899
♦2900
•3901
♦2902
Abusive I Ambasiiadors.
Added to injury-Harbarlans.
of Arroganco-Attila-Romaus.
II II It 11
Fancied l.-Xerxos.
Ilumlllatlun forl.-Pope.
Over sensitive to t. -Tyrant.
Resented by Blsman^k.
Stinging i. -Woman's.
Unresented-Fear-Aloxius.
See INHl'LTS.
Argument by i. -Johnson,
with Misfortune-James II.
Authorized for cowards.
Cruelty provoked by l.-Ind's.
Public l.-(.:romwell to I'arl.
Reparation for i., ciieap.
Women's 1. to cowards.
See Ol'TUAOE.
Horrible o. of Albion.
Reaction of o.-Joan of Arc.
Resented by parent.
•2903
4444
250
321
328
320
849
2-527
3359
3489
757
♦3904
♦8905
1280
2074
410
asm
6128
♦3971
♦3972
♦3973
Shameful <>. -Columbus. 1048
See CRUELTY iiiul WUONGS in lor.
Access.
Humble a. to Diocletian. ♦ao
(Jross-rcferenco.
by Charity-Howard to prisons. 613
ACCIDENT.
Destiny by a.-" Box on the ear." ^27
Distress by a. -H. II. -lance lnoye.^28
Revolution by-" Sicilian V'p's." ♦89
Saved by a.-T. Paine from G. ♦30
Signlflcant a. -Duke Wm., error. ^31
Utilized-Scalding broth. ^32
-Duke Wm. slipped. •;i3
MIscellaneoua cioss-rcferences.
of Birth-Napoleon.
Destiny by a.-Ba.iazet-Gout.
Discovery of gravitation by a.
Happy a.-Flnding seal of G. B.
Invention by a.-Spinning.
Life directed by a.-Demost's.
Ominous a.-Premonition.
Outrage for a.-Mussulmau.
Profession chosen bv a.-Caesar.
See COINCIDENCE in loc.
692
611
229r.
5788
29(;s
3919
4419
1916
4484
Ac<'usi:ii.
MlKcelliini'ous cr'cisH-ri'ri'reiices.
Accused -Buccaneer Nult. 8434
Blemish of a. -James II. 1119
Concealed from accused. 2877
Conscience an a.- Abbott. 1080
See III, A Ml-: I'li loc.
ACKNOWLiKDUITIEIVT.
Slender n. to John Adams. ♦Si;
ACQUAINTANCE.
Brief a.-Decelved by.
Unwelcome a.-Jolinson's.
See ASSOCIATES.
Dangerous a. -J. Howard's son. *S''i
Impure a. -J. Newton. ♦.'17!)
Influence of a. on Peter the O. ♦SSO
ACCIDENTS.
Concurrence of a. -Adversity by.. 'J800 i
i
ACCE.AMATION.
MiBcelhineou3 cross-references.
Election by a.-Spartans. 1817 i
Stunning a.-crov-dead. 1849
ACCOUNTS.
rross-reference.
Carefully kept a.-Wesley. 549
ACCUSATION.
Miscellaneous cross-references.
by Deception-Maximus Fablus. 701
Malicious a.-C. Wesley-V. 702
" -Alex. 1048
a Pretext-Plundering the Jews. 710
' ' Pretext for vIoIence-R. III. 842
♦30
♦87
Burial of living a.-Barb'ns.
Dangerous a.-Queen of Scots.
Despicable a. James II.
Selection of a. -Johnson.
Uncontaminated by evil a.
See ASSOCIATION.
Beneficial a.-M. Aurellus.
Guild of a.-Eng. a.d. 1814.
Changed by a. Greeks.
Contaminated by prison a.
Controlled by a.-A. Pope.
Dangerous a. with Theodora.
Destructive-"Artemua Ward."
Religious a. prized.
Repelled by a.-J. Milton.
Ruinous a. -Gamblers'.
" to Nero.
Unity by a.-Crom. and Fox.
See ASSOCIATIONS.
Protective a. -Anglo-Saxon.
Contaminating a.-I..utlier.
Dangers from a. -Gov't.
Effect of early a.-Nap.
Horrifying a. -London Tower.
Unimproved l)y good a.
See FRIENDS in Inc.
084
1171
5irr
1157
5036
♦383
♦381
1865
5804
2238
4533
3283
2003
2701
8273
8819
.-.749
♦383
896
408
:m
745
904
ACQUITTAU.
.See crosa-ret'ereiici.
Joyful a. of 7 Bishops. 8031
See FORGIVENESS (71 Inc.
ACROSTIC.
Political a.-Cabal.
Cross-reference.
Mysterious religions a. -Sibyl.
ACTION.
Decisive a. of Col. Gordon.
♦38
4534
♦40
Miscellaneous cross-references.
lU-tlmed a.-Louis XVI. 3044
Ready for a.-Minute men. 5881
Signal for a.-Alex. ♦SISS
ACTIONS.
Speak-War-Hurllng the spear. ^41
" -Tarquin cutting-tallest p.^42
See CONDUCT.
Absurd c.-8. Johnson. •lOSO
Contradictory c. -Steele. ^1037
Dissolute c. a sign. *1038
ACTIVITY— ADVENTURESS.
767
1110
aHTr
1080
♦3^
*30
*37
C84
1171
5irr
1157
5036
*383
*381
Soandalous c. In high life.
»1089
Authority to regulate o.
Character evinced by c.
ChauKed by conTurslon.
Condemned by c.-A. Herbert.
Contemptible c.-Commodus.
Contradictory c. -James 11.
Controlled by Wra. of Orange
Inconsistent c. -James IT.
Propriety In ministerial c.
Surprising c.-Mary P. of Orange. 788
See MANNKKS (ii loc.
ACTIVITY.
Military a.-Uomans. *30
748
717
1380
1109
1119
1591
1094
121
5733
1484
Miscellaneous crosa-refcrences.
Determined-" Close action." 1904
Success by unexpected a. 1491
See EAKNKSTNESS in loc.
ACTORS.
and Actresses-Origin of. •48
Dishonored by Roman law. *44
Respect for a. by S. Johnson. *45
MiacellancouB cross-references.
Infamous a. -Success of Roman. 220
Punished at whlpplng-posts by P.282
See GESTICULATION.
Oratorical g. opposed. 1854
Specialty In g.-Actors. 2352
See THEATRE in loc.
ADDRESS.
Spectacular a. of Antony.
Successful a. of Edward VI.
Theatrical a. ridiculed by J.
Tricksters a. defeated-Burke.
♦40
•47
•48
•49
Miacellaiieous cross-references.
Distinguished by a. -Diplomacy. 1594
Ridiculed, First a.-Dems. 2021
See SPEECH in loc.
ADJOIJRNITEENT.
Forced a. of Pari, by Crom. 410
AD]?IIN IS TR ATION.
Responsibility of a.-Cablnet. •SO
Unfortunate a. of Van Buren. *51
United a. of A. Lincoln. ♦52
Cross- reference.
Revolutionized by Cromwell. 410
See (JOVERNMENT in loc.
ADIfllRATION..
Changed by observatlon-L.'s. •SB
Objectionable a.-Qoldsmlth byl.^54
Supreme-Col. Cropper for G.W. ♦SS
Mlscellaneoui cross-references.
Architectural a. of Colosseum. 291
of Manllness-Pompey. 3819
-Louis IX. 3821
Strange a. for Napoleon I. 2833
Unappreciated a. of massea-N. 272
See ADULATION, PRAISE and
VANITY in loc.
ADMONITION.
Disregarded-Gen. Braddock. *58
See REPEOOF.
Meekness in r.-Dr. Taylor. •4779
Undeserved r.-Dr. Arnold. •4780
Undisturbed by r.-Q. Wash. *4781
Death by r.-Tetzel's. 1888
Dcslred-Good Kmp. Julian. 6390
Sagacious r.-Wlfe's. 4881
See CAUTION and WARNINO
in loc.
ADOPTION.
of Captives among Indians. ^57
by the State of soldiers' orphans. *58
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Annulled by Oabrlel-M.'s son. 03
Pitiful a.-Foundllng. 781
Substitutes In families by a. 2074
ADORATION.
Human a.-Greek Emperor's.
♦59
Cross-reference.
Unman a. of Diocletian. 26
See WORSHIP in loc
ADULATION.
Official a. of Chas. I. by Finch. ♦OO
Rebuked of James I.-s. m. ♦Ol
Ridiculous a. of H. Vlll.-r. b. g. •62
See cross-reference.
for Money.-Dedlcatlon of books. 498
See FLATTERY.
Artful f.-Captive Zenobla.
False f. of Henry VIIL
Fulsome f . of James I.
Irritating f . of Fred, the Q
Resented by Alexander.
Rewarded, Excessive f.
•2152
•2153
•2144
•2165
•2150
•2157
Deception by f. -Rochester.
Develops servitude-Romans.
Embarrassment by f .-Cresar.
for Favor- Voltaire.
Fulsome f. of Charles I.
Wealth by f. -Legacies.
1471
305
2657
2825
00
6971
of Woman's beauty-Elizabeth. 2684
ADULTERER.
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Advances of a.-P. of M. Stuart.3342
Blot of a.-Mahomet. 3242
Confirmed a.-James II. 0222
Devices of a.-Emp. Valentlnian.227C
Merciless punishment of a. 3063
Papal a.-John XII. 4305
Reparation by marriage. 3458
Royal-Edward IV.-Wives of L. 47
Self-confessed a. -False. 5177
Wife wronged by husband. 6068
ADULTERESS.
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Approved by husband. 4490
Arts of the a.-J. C. Sedley. 5054
Bondage to a.-James II. 5054
Distinguished a.-Pompadour. 3247
Influential a.-Aspasla. 1256
Patriotic a.-Fulvia. 6097
Respected a.-Aspasia. 6084
by Restraints-Honoria. 3486
Self-uonfessed a. -Queen of Sp. 5125
Strange charm of a. -Sedley. 2842
Successful a.-Antonina. 48^
Victim of a.-Jamea II. 6085
See CONCUBINES.
Passion for c.-Klagabalus. 960
Power of Persian c. m\)
ADULTERY.
Excused byGabrlel-Mahomot's. ♦O.S
Punishment for a.-I<:xlled by J. ♦64
Shameless by noblllty-l.'ith Cfnt.*05
Vengeance fora.-Popo Jno. XII. •00
Victim of a.-PereJus. •07
Miscellaneous crns-i-ri'tVrenccs
Common a.-ltonian.
Confessed for divorce.
Diverted evidence of a.
Emasculation or death for a.
Evidence of a.-Dlfflcult.
InHlghUfe-CharlesII.
Oppressive a.-Tyrant GlUlo.
Prerogative In a.-Mahomet.
Shameless a.-t^omnion-Kurope. 3243
See RAI'E.
Attempted r.-Joun of Arc. *4616
1295
2188
1919
3100
1931
3470
5745
4310
by Stratagem-Valentinlan. 2270
Vengeance for r.-Oath. 5TH0
Victim of r. by soldiers. 0113
War caused by r. 5910
Sob LICENTIOUSNESS tn luc.
ADVANCE.
by Battle-Scott in Mexico, ♦OS
Heroic a.-Fontenoy. ♦OQ
Opportunity for an a. *70
or Suffer-Gettysburg. ^71
471
Success by aggression.
See PROGRESS in loc.
ADVENT.
Seasonable-Needed- Ready .
ADVENTURE.
Courageous a.-Lieut. Cushing.
Daring a.-Napoleon. I.
Passion for a.-Conquest.
Primitive a.-Geo. Washington's.
Spirit of a. -Wm. Parry.
♦73
♦74
♦75
♦70
Miscellaneous crossi-refereiices.
Love of a.- Young Lincoln. 3272
Youthful a.-Romantlc-Cortez. 3,<}.'>8
See PERIL in loc.
ADVENTURER.
Born a.-Hernando Cortez. •78
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Dream of an a.-Count de B. 188
Honored-Geo. Vllllers by Jas. I. 494
-Disgraceful a. 2410
ADVENTURERS.
Dlsappolnted-Theodorlcand O. *'!9
NumerouswlthCapt. J. Smith. ^80
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Remarkable a.-De Soto's eip'n. 1986
Successful a.-Three men. 1076
See EXPLORERS in loc
ADVENTURESS.
Remarkable a. -Pope Joan. 0089
Successful a.-Lady Revea. 1171
See COURTESAN in loc.
i'<
758
ADVEHSITV— AFFECTIONS.
AOVKItSITV.
Kmliioiinc by ii.-A. I.liKiolii. ♦S!)
Inslnioted hy ii..I<'ri'(l. tlio U. *h^i
I.riKHons dl' II. for the Uorauns. *8ri
.MiUilKKiil of isir II. Davy by a. *8()
National lii'lifiiof KdwarU 1II.*h;
Overiuleci for KU Wliitiiuy. *HH
ri'i!(!(!(l(!s success -Tlmour the T. *H'.I
StruK({l<! vvlth a. by "an old s." ♦'JO
Tordc of a. Sir Walter Soolt. ♦1)1
UrialTocted by a.-Slr W. Scott. *9a
■Miscclluiici'iis crutssrcfcrciiccrt.
Accidents britiK a. -Concurrent.
hy Ainbltlon-(ioths invadu T.
Ilunoilelal-C'liolera in Eiijc.
-1'. (,'ooper.
lllcsshiK 111 Dls(fuise-Ani. Uov.
couraize In a.-\Voman"s.
DlsKul-ed blessiii),' In a.
Di.sposition chanited by a.
• ii'oalnt^ss of inliid In a.
Iliiinillatln;; a.-He«(;ivr's.
Lesson of a.-l)ioiiyslus.
Manifold-Km]). .Vdi-onicus d.
Manliness in a.
Noblo bearin;,' In a.-Itomulus.
" ' -sthoniii.s.
-I.oulsIX.
Ovcrwhelnun); a. -NIcetas.
I'l-riod of a. -Washhiffton.
i{efnf,'o In prayer- Wasblnetton.
" " " -A. Johnson.
Kogrets In ii.-WoIsey.
Ui'slenalion in u.
Sileuco in ii.-1'.irapey.
StniKKlc with-(J. Washington.
Sniclde in a.-\apoleon I.
riimltlffated a. -Beggar.
Weaknos.s in a. -Cicero.
Worship In a. -cheerful.
AnVRItSITIES.
Mi>^c^'llaNt"iu-* tToss-ri'fLTO rices.
Multiplied a. -Irish people.
" " -.1. liunyan's.
;!860
79
2.V2H
l-H.-)
ooa
0057
4331
1070
oora
3210
4«89
17
:i»M
3.S1H
3H19
asi\
2211
23()H
4:W2
4:wr
4014
4H11
5117
1788
5420
2212
4370
0100
designation to a.
3944
5700
4810
Miscellaneous o ■oss-references,
Sce(ALAMITY.
Hlossing concealed in c. 289
of War-Jerusalem-Cho.sroes. 324
SuuCALAMITIKS.
Combined-Fire and pestilence. *on3
Desired by pagans-on (Mieniies. *094
Effect of o.-Eiig. nation. *695
Sec MISKOKTIWE.
Born to m. -Charles. I. *.3G28
Cruelty with ra.-Am. Inds. *,3029
Fellowship in ni.-L.Bon'p'rte. *30;»
Overruled-O. Goldsmith. '•3031
Business ra. overruled.
2909
Comfort in m. -Mahomet lives. 1568
E-Viisperation in m. feared. 1207
Greatness In m. -Cornelia. 0072
Heedlessness brings m. 2546
Insulted in m. -James II. 2905
Interpreted by conscience. 1100
Mitigated by courtesy. 1260
Multiplled-Melancholy by. a5,59
National m. -Armada fails. 2028
Rovorsfd by tact-Slave. 89
Solace in ra. -Music a. .3748
Wealth by others' m. -Crassiis. OKI
AIho me AFlT.ICTKlN. IlEUKAVK-
ME^"r, DKSI'ONKKNCY, SOItltyW
UImI TltDl'lll.K ill lor.
AnVKKTIlSIC.niCNT.
Sanctimonious a. of serious in.-8.*90
Mlst't'IIancous cross-references.
t'outeraptuous-(J. II. "lost or B." 9
by I'atron-Tallor. ,')777
Success by a. -John Law. 2184
ADVl^;!;:.
Disdalned-Braddock's (h'feat. *()7
Ignored -Clarendon's, by J. II. *m
Ill-timed a. to A. Lincoln. •99
Legacy of a. by Augustus to 1{. *100
SeeCor.N.^KL.
of the Dying-Louis XIV. *1219
I Inopportune o. -Deputies'. *Vi20
i Safety in c. -Battle. *1221
Discarded rashiy-Chas. XIL
Honest c. punished.
SeeCor.NSEI.LoK.
Evil c.-" Evil angel."
f-ee I'OC.XSKI.LOKS.
Dangerous c. of James II.
Whimsical c.-" Wise woman."
Obstructive c. -Scots.
Various c. to Washington.
Volunteer-Too many Generals
.'•(•e WAUM.\(J.
of Danger-Richard I.
Ineffective w.-Cicsar.
Accepted-Girl's, by Lincoln.
.Vdmonition disregarded.
Disregarded by Nero's mother.
Dlsdained-A woman's w.
Effective w. to officials.
Felons w. to manufacturers.
Interference of novice.
Neglected-Dlversion-Ca^sar.
Timely w.-Wash. by wonjan.
Unexperted w. -Scripture.
Unmoved by w.-Alex.
ADVOCATE.
Personal not proxy.
I2;i9
2009
*1222
*12'J3
♦1224
975
1920
.2284
*5947
*5948
0102
♦.".O
190
Clio
3030
512
.3540
1089
4079
4901
1018
*101
MIscell.ineous cross-references.
Destitute of a.-H. Vane. a379
Generous a.-Aristldes. .3055
See INTERCESSION,
of Innocents-Tlmour rejects. 1337
Life saved by 1. -Deserters. 530
Woman's 1. -Queen Phllippa. 40;j9
^STHKTICI^im.
Brutality of K in exhibitions. *102
Realistic £e." " " " *103
See eross-referenee.
Contempt of ae. -Greeks o. by R. 770
AFFABILITY.
Cross-reference.
Falsehood in a.-Charles 11. 1678
See AMIABILITY and COUR-
TESY in Inc.
AFFKCTATION.
See cToss-refiTince.
Ridiculed by Thackeray.
AFFI'M'TION.
Conjugal of Joseph, for Nap.
" Andrew Jackson.
Destitute of a. -Fulk the Black
Display In pub. of a. by a kiss.
Enduring a. of I. Newton.
Fickle a. of Countess of C.
Filial a. of William Cowpor.
W. Scott.
" " " Caius Marelus.
" " " Sartoriusthe R. (ien
" " " Alexander. 774 and
" " " prisoner,
of Friendship- Lincoln's.
Impartial-Mr. Dustln.
Maternal a. outraged by I.
rarental a. of S. Wesley.
L. Stafford at t.
Strong a. of Wm. I', of Orange.
Zeal of a.-John Howard.
Miscellaneous c,oss referenci^s.
Angered by a.-Blaise I'aseal.
Appreclated-Cato's wife and t,
Based on character.
Candidate's a. for electors.
Comfort in a. -Martyr.
Country vs. son-Spartan a.
Disappointed parental a.-H. II.
Family vs. religious a.
Force of a. -Son of Croesus,
(lifts of school-girls to Nap.
Grief of a.-Webster's b.
" " " -Separation from N.
Hatred returned for a.
Imperishable a. for the dead.
Misunderstood a. -James II.
.Money a proof of a.
.Monument of husband's a.
utraged-Persecutors.
" -Executor of friends.
Paternal a.-O. Cromwell,
without Pity-Roman.
Self-sacrificing a. -Soldier's.
Subdued-Parental.
Surrendered to justice.
Tested -Parental-Maurice.
Tortured by murderers.
Trial of a. -Bereavement.
Wealth of a.-Johnson.
. AFFECTIONS.
Blighted a. of Swedenborg.
1500
•101
*I05
♦IOC
♦lo:
•108
•10!)
♦Ill)
♦111
♦112
•113
•114
♦115
♦110
♦117
♦118
♦119
•1'20
•121
♦1'22
791
ltf7
2087
,5858
3403
3721
4005
4181
.529.>
2a'js
,501
715
2883
500
2903
,3051
0001
1.359
1304
995
1.3.55
1572
1350
3003
1.3-18
13-18
4811
4;W7
♦123
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Blighted a. of Isaac Newton. 108
" -Miss Perronet. 2534
Nourished by mementoes-Scott. Ill
Struggle of a.-Chas. I.-S. or f. 82*
See FRIEND.
Chosen f.-Alexander's. ^2220
or Foe-Agepilaus. ♦2'221
Obsequhms f.-Ca-sar's. '2222
In Sickness-P. of Orange. ^2223
Sordid f. -Goldsmith's. *2224
Welcome f.-Lafayette. •2225
Wounded f.-" Stonewall J." *22£«
Bereaved of f.-Alexander.
1428
AFFINITY— AGITATION.
1S06
*iai
n. *i(r)
■k ♦IOC
M. *!(»;
♦]()H
♦Kill
*U()
*in
*iia
on. •113
Id ♦IH
*1IS
*nc
*]17
♦118
♦119
•120
'. ♦lai
♦182
Hurdensome f.-Drlnklnj?.
(.ihiiUKi^d to foo-lleiiry V'lII.
Helpful t. of DemoiilhoiiOH.
" ill iidvcrHlty.
Irrltutlntf-Ki'od. 1 1. -Voltaire.
Ne){l<H^tL'd-AniixuKoru8.
I'ollutliiK f. rojcfted.
Uuliioiis f,-KerKUSon.
in Hk'kno8s-S. Johnson.
Trouchorcjus f.-KranctlH Dauon
Si'f F'KIKNDS.
In Hattle -Locked Hhiulda.
Compleniontul f.-I.iutles.
IJiHoouraRlntf f. -Luther's.
Faults of f.-Xup. I.
Unllke-Hallfax-Hurnut.
Abuso of f. by .jokos.
Dangerous f.-Assasslnators.
Dead f.-Ueco({nltlon of.
Desertion of f.-Wash.
Destitute of f.-Einperor.
Enemies (:lian({ed to f.
Forsaken by f.-Cajsar.
Impatience divides f.
In Misfortune-Diverse f.
Partiality to f.-Judge.
-Kuler.
Kulnotis-Mutually.
SacrKiccd to ambition.
Sec KlUKNIiSlIIl'.
Applauded -Nap.- Alex.
Commanding f.-K. of Hearts.
Coraplemental f -Wm. IIL-U.
Confidential f.-Wm. III.-IS.
Conlirnied by money,
by Contrast-Fred. -D' Argons.
CoiitroUlnj? f.-Alex. I'opo.
Inseparable-Hubert for Nap.
Perilous to R. Burns.
Kepalred-S. Johnson.
School-boys' f.-I,ord Hyron.
Treacherous f. of James I.
Affecting f.-Llncoln-Stanton.
Affectionate-Wash. 's farewell,
Apparent f.-False-Konums.
Communion necessary,
by Common imrpose.
Complemental f -Diocletian.
" " -Cowpcr.
DlsaRreeable f. -Coward.
Disgraceful f. -Pompadour.
Disreputable f.-IIannibal.
Dlstrusted-Cleopatra's f.
Forgotten-B. Arnold.
Hypocrisy in f.-Orlenns and B.
Incorruptible f.-Indian.
Needed~E. A. Poe.
Perilous f. for Geta.
"-Turks.
Proof of f. in exile witli Nap.
beyond Suspicion.
Traitors to f.-Consplrators.
Treacherous f.-Dlclt Talbot.
" ■ " of savages.
Tribute of f.-Melanohthon's.
Unwortliy of f. -Epicure.
See LOVE.
Abode of 1.-" Agapemone."
Accidental L-W. Scott's.
891S
awa
M03
M'M
81, W
4;7H
MT^'
♦^','31
302,')
10.')
1308
!.'30H
3(ira
!>883
371
ST48
92
3009
30T0
2870
1.12
♦2232
♦2233
♦22164
♦2235
♦2230
♦2237
♦22:J8
♦2239
♦2340
♦2241
♦2243
♦22-13
110
2099
2(>43
2957
3210
2402
48:14
1207
3712
701
451,')
2644
2G95
4301
5032
1096
173
715
3881
371
3202
3518
5709
268
♦3385
♦3336
Active 1. -Christian.
Battle of 1 -Lovers.
Changed by 1 -Another body.
Conjugal 1. -Napoleon I.
Disappointment In i.-K,
Infatuation o( l.-M. Stuart.
Juvenile 1. -Napoleon I.
a Necessity Cannoneers.
Passionate 1. of Shelley,
vs. Prudcnce-.Xgcsllaus.
Itellgion of 1 -Napoleon I.
Romantic l.-Oeoffrey Riidel.
" " -S. Johnson.
" -Shelley.
Sliadow of l.-W. Irving.
Supremacy of 1.- Domestic.
vs. Ambitlon-Xiipoleon-Jo3.
I( it II 14
Controlled by 1. -Marlborough.
Fictitious 1. of (^ucen Anne.
First 1. of U. Burns,
at I'Mrst sight-Garibaldi,
(iratltude begets 1. -Howard.
Inspires endeavor-Burns.
Lawless 1. -Contagious ex. of
Magnanimity of 1 -Josephine.
Mission of 1. -Pardon.
Respected-Humble life -Nap.
Sacrifices of l.-\Ventworth.
Survives abuse-Mrs. Byron.
Transient 1. -Sudden-Crockett.
Universal l.-Ams. excepted.
Unreclprocated-Swedenborg.
Sc LOVEK.
Fallen l.-II. Cortcz.
Fickle I.-R. Burns.
Youthful l.-Lord Byron.
Artful 1 -Cleopatra.
Blind 1. of C. Sedlcy.
Blinded 1. -Marcus.
Ensnared-Antony by C.
Fascinated-Wm. the Couq.
" -R. Burns.
Female 1. -Mahomet's.
" "-Honoria.
Preservation of 1. -Ariadne.
Royal 1. of Lucy Waters.
Unsuccessful l.-I. Newton.
Visits of l.-Dangerous.
Soo LOVERS.
Rival l.-Jefferson-others.
Religious l.-Sensual-Eng.
Restrained-Church service.
•3337
♦3.338
♦.H3!19
•IWIO
■'3,3n
*xw:
♦3313
♦.3314
♦33 1.-.
♦3340
♦3347
♦3318
♦,3319
♦33.")0
♦;i351
♦3358
104
](;!)9
0053
558
4819
3480
8445
4219
2240
S201
3998
187
2510
3405
34:i8
315
123
♦,'J353
♦33,54
♦3355
0130
8843
1075
0130
2.583
4219
3172
3170
0051
3470
5992
0049
♦3;i5(l
3.335
8,53
AFFINITY.
Miscellaneous crobs-rcforoncci.
by Contrast-Anne-Churchiil. 2328
" -Burnet-Halifax. 3231
" Complement-Wm. of O. 2234
See FRIENDS in luc.
AFFIilCTION.
See SICKNESS in luo.
AGE.
Depraved at introd. of C. ^124
of Greatness-National-Arabs. ♦ISS
Improved-The evils are old. ♦126
Men for the a,-Cromwell. ♦187
769
•128
•120
•141
•148
" of Rtforination. •143
Satisfactory If dnc<l» are. ♦! 14
Memories in a.-Cato.
objections to a.-Ofllce.
Protected by a. -Solon.
Rcmarkiible a.-13lh Cent.
Mlwcellnnoonrt (■ross-reffrcnecB.
Advanced l)y grlef-A. Jackson. 105
Affects character-Spliil of a. 008
Characteristics of ea(^h a.
of (,'(irruption-Wm. II L
" Kfrcminiicy-I':nt,'lisli.
Fault of the a. -Drake,
of (ienlus-Atlicnlan.
" (ienlus Leo X.
" (ilory Saracens.
" Marvels-Tlicscus.
" Progrcss-A.i). 1IS5 1511.
Memorable a.- Edward 111
Mistaken for the (i. A. -Colonists. .30
Spirit of the a. persoiilllcii-C. .575
The (ioldcn a. -Fabulous- Kng.
Unimporl an t-l loirs.
Want of a. -Early death of R.
OLD AdK.
Crltlclsed-S. Johnson.
Excitoniont in-I'ros. Harrison. ♦ISl
Hoalth In o. a. S. Johnson. ♦i:)2
Labor In n. a.-^I. Luther. ♦13.3
'• -SlrWni.Hersoliol.^134
S39
000
3784
708, 908
2290
8897
8783
3511
918
2304
2100
4150
310
♦1.30
Literature in o. a.-J. Milton.
Success in o. a.-Ca'sar.
\'igor in o. a. -Masinlssa.
" -J. Wesley.
" -Cato the Censor.
" " -I'almorslon.
♦135
♦1.30
♦137
♦138
♦139
♦110
Abandoned in o. a. -Tartars. .'1294
" " -Am. Indians. .')029
Abused In o. a. -Creditor. 18.55
Affection in o. a. Kilial-Cowper. 110
Avarice In o. a. -Cato. 4,33
Benevolence In o. a. -Wesley. 5-19
Brilliant record in o. a.-Adams.30IO
Consideration for enemies' o. a.l7I3
Courage in o. a.-Bp. Latimer. 13*!
Enthusiasm in o. a.-T. Coke. 3044
Folly in o. a.-Lovers-Fli/.abeth.30H.l
I'\)rtltu(le in o. a. Puritan. 13.50
Fortune forsakes o. a.-Clms. V.3208
" -^Louis XIV. 3-309
Genius in o. a.-Cowpor. 330O
Libertine In o. a. -Louis XV. 3210
Life destroyed in o. a.
Love of life in o. a.
Melancholy in o.a.-Q.E!izabeth.3.507
Mental activity in o. a. lOlo
(Juhitude necessary In. o. a. 3451
Reproof of o. a.-Valuable-D. 2021
Strength In-Wesley's sermon. 58.54
Vanity in o. a.-Constantino. 5772
" -Q.Elizabeth. 6775
Ativ.n.
Blessing of the a.-Pope-J. H. ^145
See LONOEVITV and TI.ME in loc.
AGENT.
Igiiored-Clarendon, by JauesII. OS
AGITATION.
Perils of a.-Reformation. *UC,
.595t
1408
760
I'lTm^voriinut! In u. Aiitl-Hluv. *U7
AOONY— ALLY.
Mliccllarjuuuii crin«-ri'fBri'Uoi'«.
C'liilrvoyunt u. -SwedcnborK.
1)11
UlT)
UTJ
8UHa
.'(.W)
4071
4\)\'i
1370
ISOl)
KmlinrruMHiiitiiit-J. A. I>. (>. III.
NiMi(llt>HH II I^iiiidon puiiU;.
I'lili'iotlMiii inlliimi'd by u.
urouseil by u.
Polltloal tt.-Kiit(laii<l.
" " opposod-WblK'*.
PowcM- of a.-1'etor tbo llernilt.
UiiscaHonubli) a.-Cuto.
Sio A1,.\UM and KXCirKMENT
PI Inc.
XUON\.
Crucifixion ii. ■" lIliflioHl IUuh." ♦148
Mlrti't'lIiiiK'oUf* croaa-refert'iict'N.
DullKbt In KlaUliUors' ii. Wi
IndifTorencu ton. -Inhuman. l.'lilj
Pleasure In a. of Uylnt;. 1!I(W
Mental a. -Josephine's dlvoroe. Kiil!)
Mooked-Martyrs. 1358
Sei; M'KKKlUNli in hr.
AURAltlAIVISITI.
Dlffloultles of a. Homan. *14U
See C'O.M.MUNISM in tnt:
AURKEIflENT.
Mlw'ellaiiiMiiia criwH rcferuiifcs.
Forced a. a failure.
Necessary In denunciation.
Policy In a -Clcero-Pompey
Sc« CtJNClLlATION.
by Favors-Anne of Austria.
Policy of c.-Cii'sar's.
vs. ThreatenluK-Cfesar.
1*1
10.-5.1
!)yiH
*UU)
•luai
*1033
one-sided c.-Lord Howe. SOU.")
" "(Jen. Patterson. 31)U4
.'iee fOMPUOMISE.
Failure of i\-Ml«90url. ♦101"
tiuallticatlon.s for o.-T. C. ♦lOlH
KejectedbyArlstldesthoJust.^lOI'^
Settlement by c.-Slavery. ♦1020
on Slavery-Federal Gov't. ♦1031
Temporlziutf c. -Omnibus bill, ♦loas
Uurdenod by taxation. -Kranoe.^infi
Kxalted. "Nooc. Is nearer 11." ♦IM
llonorod by C lucinnatUH. ♦t.'>7
" Kdmund Hurko. ♦l.'iH
Pursultof a. by noblest Uorauns.^l&U
liellffious pursuit -Persians. 'Ifio
HcMentUlcpursult Uelitnof ('.II ♦Hit
Superiority of a. by freemen. *UVi
Uusucoussful a.-Mth century. ♦1U3
Failure of c. with James II. 248
Impossible-r. S. and France. 5710
in Legislation-Congress. 3188
of Principle justified. 3875
Religious c. with Inflrralty. 419
" " by oflfering Incense. 849
"-Seeming success. SOsa
See COX(\^Rn, COVGNANT, KECON-
CILIATION »iicl UNION in toe.
AGGRESSION.
CrosB-reforonce.
Success by a.-H. IV.-Aglncourt. 471
See ADVAN'CE.
by Battle-Scott In Mexico. ♦68
Heroic a.-Fontenoy. ♦69
Opportunity for a. ^70
or Suflfer-Gettysburg. ^71
AGIIICVIiTrRE.
Ancient a. of the Romans. ♦ISl
Anti monopoly In a. -Uomans. ♦IBS
Attractions of a. -Poet Horace. ♦153
flurdensof a.forg.-.\rtaxerxes.^l54
MlBcclhini'dUn cropiiireferuiicc'ii.
Attraction of a. W. Scott.
Ueautles uf a. Kgypt.
Uegtnnlng life In a. -Stevens.
OeneflcHnt.-V'ataces.
Benevolence In a.-Clmon.
Changes by a. Physical.
Drainage Improves a.-Eng.
Friendship for a -Washington
vs. Oold-seeklng.
Honors In a.-AngloSaxons.
Impeded by mlsgovornmont.
Imperfect methods Kiig.
Iiiiprovements oppo.sed.
Improvement In a.-Germany.
Interest In a.-Wash'ton's plan
liude methods In a.-18th cent
Soul saved by a -Persians.
He»FAUM.
Crois-rcferi'tico.
Famous f. of Horace.
.See FARMER.
Unsuccessful f.-l Newton.
" " -Ed. Burke.
f'hosen occupation-Grant.
Extensive f.-Cataouzene.
Occupation changed-Crom.
Son of a f.-Washlngton.
See (lARDEN.
('ro«3 reference.
Famous g.-Waterloo.
See GARDEMN(i.
MlscellanuouH cross-referencea.
Contentment In g.-Kmp.
Pleasure In g. -Cyrus.
See FERTILITY.
Cross-reference.
Commended-" Many crabs."
See HARVEST.
Lost-Gold filings sown.
See IIORTICULTUKE.
Pleasures of h.-Theodoric.
" " -Napoleon.
lifiO
S68H
3aM5
170(1
M\)
3ViH
1715
1H73
aH()7
7i0
!.>17.')
1377
. 'i07«
455
6156
153
•aioo
♦2101
.wso
3327
0053
1501
1148
5036
Climate affects h.
See lirSBANDRY.
Changes by h. -Egypt.
3,'J93
♦2,523
♦2637
♦2638
917
♦2088
AGRICULTURISTS.
Croaeruferencc.
Crippled by aniputatlon-T. 104
AliARin.
Needless-Pertinax made emp. ♦lon
Religious a. of Luther. ♦lOO
MiaoellaneouB crosa-referensea.
of Consolc-.ice-B. Abbott. 1109
Messenger of a.-Paul Revere. 5881
Nations In a. of Napoleon. 4199
Quieted oy Scripture. 1087
Religion promoted by-Luther. B861
Supentltlous a.-Kuropeuna.
Unexpected a.-Romo-(leose.
by Vision Brutus.
See FEAR in lur
Aii4 HKinY.
Crct.ia-ruferani'i'S,
Books of a. destroyed.
Student of a. I. Newton
AlilKNATION.
( 'roan reference.
by SllcnceW'llUam an<l Mary.
See SEPARATION in toe.
ALIENS.
Expulsion of a. -I'. 8.
5430
1U61
5840
5970
811
lOM
•107
Croaarcferenee.
Rule of a.-Uome. 1208
SeoFOREIOMER.
Generous f.-James Smlthson. 1812
Insulting Gov't.-Genet. 2480
Odious f.-Conolnl. 2520
Prejudice against f.-Columbus.2()n5
" In reports of f.
See FOREKINERS.
Antipathy to f.- Egyptians.
Olshonorod- Athens.
Feared at Sparta.
2573
♦2189
♦2190
♦2191
Government depending on f. .3053
Ilated-Aborlglnal Irish. 727
Hatred of f. Bng. In Ireland. 3151
Intermarriage saves State. 304
Langi'.ago of f.-Contompt for. 3131
Legislation against f.-U. S. 107
Marriage with f. opposed. 3498
Prejudice against f. 240
Services of f .-Fame of State. 893
See EMKiRANTSin/of.
ALLEGIANCE.
Miscellaneoiia eross-refereuees.
Church vs. State-Jesuits.
2887
Oath of a. to Mahomet.
♦.3836
See LOYALTY in lur.
ALLEGORIST.
Best a.-Bunyan.
♦l(i8
ALLEGORV.
CroBfl-referencea.
Animals representing r. sects.
831
Bible misused In a.
5118
ALLIANCE.
Demanded by France. -U. S.
♦IVO
Just a. -Am. Indians.
♦171
of Self-interest- Romans.
♦178
G. 208
CrOBB-reference.
Deceptive a. with Fred, the
ALLIES.
Invisible a. -Mahomet's angels. ^175
Rejected by Am. Congress-L. ^178
MIscellaneoua croaa-referencea.
Abandoned by a. in adverslty-S. 95
Neglected by a.-Thebans. 465
Personal a by fear. 1542
Union with a. Inseparable. 3835
ALLY.
Supernatural a.-Theseus. 'aM
Mlicellaneoua croaa-referenees.
Incorruptible Indian a. 4381
.1070
Hll
*m
vioa
*2189
*aiuo
♦aioi
3063
7a7
3151
8(V1
)r. 3131
lor
3-('JH
240
2887
*3a3B
•168
231
nilH
♦IVO
»1-1
*17S
208
ALMS-AMHITION.
Protended a.-KnffllHb. 17&9
UnuUInd ii.-PyrrliuH. 410(1
Valuable a. A mr. 2007
Sic IIEI,1> in ((.('.
ALITIft.
( 'rnss M't'tTl'IlCt',
for HI niKKli'is-Sli- Wultor Hoott. IX)
M.. rllAUITV.
for thu Deiid-lloliuKbroko, '777
lyistrustod .losuph 11. *T78
Ndhlllty of «'. Arldtotlc. *Tril
WlsH c. of .1. Howard. •7«0
Woiidorfulc. Womiin's. '"HI
BlusslriKH on o.-" Novor grow o.
<'oiifl«oati!(l to ttvarluo.
ill < 'iiiivor.siitlou-C'uto.
a (,'rimt) Kiiifllsh law.
" DaiiKcroiw o.-Uoinans.
VH. IIoHpitullty of Itrltung.
Uiii'tful ('.-Labor duKnidod.
Hulo of t'.-Moliununodan.
Suc'i'esH by (^ Howard.
Wlao c.-Uunifonl.
of Woman I.ii'ta.
S.t. 1IK( (lAlt, I1KN|.'VUI.|.:\('|.:
I'liAurrv 1/1 /».■.
' r>\r>
2070
1170
8111
naiH
2(110
ao'.i'j
fti;)
503
Ullll
uikI
Mortlflsd a. of Poet Hholley.
National a. of KuRllab.
PorpiHtont a. of (.'liarlumaKHo.
I'rcxMaliiiiJil a. of H. Gulmnird.
ItuHtrabiinl a. of Theodorlo.
Hluuplims a. of Maliomi^t II.
Spurred a. of («on. Schuyler.
.Subordinated a. of Cromwell.
I'liliappy u. of Tlinoiir.
I'liMatlHflod a. of SovoruM.
I'nHorupulouHa. of H. A. I).
War of a. -Seven Years' War.
♦197
•108
♦100
•200
♦201
♦202
♦2o;i
•20-1
•205
•200
♦207
♦208
Ai.TEIIIVATIVI<:.
('rosn-rcliToiicc.
I'aiijf ul-Acfoinp. or vlotlm of R. 07
Sfi. CHOICE,
of Botli I.ysaiuter. *8n)
Miiiiifcstod ri/arro. ♦820
Necessary-My huad or king's. ♦Hai
Painful c. Death of Strafford. ^822
Dlflicult Ktillier'8 o.-Dustln. 117
in Life-Vouthtlmc. 325-J
Necessary c. -Charles I. 410
Paln'ul c. -CharRo or bo charged. 71
" -Clotilda. Ifl-Jl
of Paradise or perdition. Ollfi
Politician's c.-Church vs. vote. 3H74
AinALGAITIATION.
Cross- ri'ftToiice.
of Haces-(ircat Britain. 4005
AITIBASSADOR.
Cross ruRTi'iici's.
Ridiculous a.-'Voltalre to Fred. II. 4
Strange a. -Joan of Arc. 2803
AlTIBAi^SADORS.
(!ross-r('fercrioc.
Bribed by Philip of Macedon. 071
AITIBITIOIV.
Cursed by gin-Fraser. ♦ISa
Dclusivi! a. of Emp. Maximus. *lKi
Destructive a. of C'a3sar. *184
Determination of a.-Alex. II. *1H5
Diverse a. -Alex, and Parraenio.^lSG
" -Napoleon and Peasant. *187
Dream of a.-Count de Broglie. ♦ISS
Envious a. of Themistocles. *189
Failure of a.-The clan of Scott. ♦lOO
Field of a. -Young knight. ♦H)l
Inhuman a. of assassinators. *192
Insensiliility of a.-Surg's of P. *193
Literary a. of Milton. *195
Lofty a. of Timour. *194
Maternal a. of Nero's mother. ♦196
Ml.sC('ll;iMi.ci\is crussri'fi.ri'Mcc'S.
vs. Affoetiou. N.'sdlvorooof J. ♦HS
ArouHod by exiitnpie I>«!inost's..'iOI9
Asplrallon of a.-ll. Fnuiklln. 2331
of A.ifsaHslns of Cii'sar. 1141
Awakened In I. Newton at b. ♦ITU
vs. Benefaction-Napoleon I. 2.558
Burdened wit) ^rror. 8801
Corrected by luilure. 202
Crimes of a. -Napoleon I. 3.395
Cruelty of a. -Irene to Leo. ^180
-Mahomot III. 49<17
Crushed by .Sorrow- Henry II. 4005
In tlio Church-Karly ages. ♦ISl
Deceived by a. -Napoleon I. 20.13
Delusive Thoodorio's appeal. 70
Delusions of a.-" What thenf" 1071
Destructlve-Uoni. Kinperors'. 14.14
Diverse a. -King-Cabbage. 1118
Filial a. of Caius Alarclus. 112
Happiness substituted for a. 2510
Heartless a. of N. -Divorce of J. 101
Humble field of a.- Ciesar. 4-101
Ignoble a. -Ostentation. 39<)7
luconsldorato a.-Xerxes. 5208
Irresistible at Uublcon. . 1481
Lack of a.-Newton. 1104
V8. Love -Napoleon Josephine. 1C39
Merciless a.-IUchard IIL 3742
Misdirected a.-Keep vs. Gain. 38.18
Mother's a. gratlfled-Nero. 3721
Nature restricts a.-Sea. 3ai8
One a. in life-Mllton'g. 32.10
Perilous a.-Dldlus JuUanus. 3072
Perils of Ciesar. 1402
for Praise-Domorallzing. 4370
Reprassed a. -Mind vegetates. 3003
Restrained a. -Cromwell. 3925
2480
Restraint of a.-Mortifylng. 3808
Rewarded-P. Henry. 3144
Ridiculous a.-" Generalship." 3888
Ruinous to religion-Japan. 3642
Social a. of Goldsmith. 1172
Supreme passion of Napoleon. 4020
Surrender of a.-Chas. of Anjou. 82
True a. to possess God. 2379
Unsatisfying a. -Wearisome. 2470
Unwise a. -Tail the leader. 3174
Vanity of a.-" Kings die like." 1219
Vexation from a.-Wra. III. 30a3
Vicious effects-Cleopatra. 0005
for Wealth-Limit of. .1973
Woman's a.-Sophia. 0040
See FAMK.
Belated-J. Q. Adams. ^2046
by Compotitlon-Wm. Parry. *2047
Costly f.-Sir W. Scott. ^2048
by Dlieovory N. W pasnage.
DlHtant f. I.lneiiln Italy.
InipoHtor'8 r. 'I'ltiis Oittes.
by liifum) A^"^iKiln of Nap.
Locality for f. -.Napoleon in Iv
Perverteil .Memory of C
Posthumous f. ColiiMibus.
Regarded " Wlmt will h. say?"
Sudden f. of Byron.
" lleriier's St. Hoax
Trials of f. W. .Scott.
Undeslred Kmp. M.ixlmu». '
Ambition for f. 'I'lienilstocles.
Aiublllous lor f.-'i'iiijun.
Conlradlf^tlon (ii-eal vs. M.
Delayed .Milton's.
Desired next to power.
Diminishing f. 'I'liirty authors.
Dlmlnutitjii of f.
Increasing posthumous Burns.
Literature necessary to f.
Merited Fred. 11.
Misappropriated ('has. Loo.
Monuments of f. I'yiamids.
Neglect followed by f.
Omission of f . 'I'. ( roinwell.
Passion for f.-TlK^iiilstocles.
" " " Fred, the (Jreat.
without Idi)iilarily-II. Clay.
Toil for f. \ irgii.
rnd(;siral)le f. Shame.
Wide extended f. of Wash.
Si-o IID.NUK.S.
Hurdensome (irant .Mfonso.
Compulsory h. Siiluniinus.
Demanded by ('roinwell.
Miserable h.-Aged Titus.
Premature h. of iiollvar.
Uosigned-Emp. Diocletian.
" -Chas. V.
Unexpected -Sallie Thompson,
t'nmerited h.-Emp. Carliius.
Won by merit-" Win hisspurs. "
from .\broad-l,<>mbards.
Bestowed on animals, E.
" " Goose.
Burdensome h. -Lincoln,
for Criminals-Scots.
Dan,{erou8 h. -Violent death.
Declinod-Crown-Cromwell-W.
" " -Ca,>sar.
Divine h. to Demotrius.
Endangered by h. -Cromwell.
Envicd-Demosthenes.
Exchanged, Pitt vs. Chatham,
for Faithfulness to truth.
Funeral h. -Caesar's.
" " -Egyptians.
" " -Lincoln's.
Ill-proportioned h.-Martel.
Literary degrees undeserved.
Lost by delay-Spartans,
for Merit-Coronation.
Misapplied h. -Pocahontas.
Misplaced h. -Olympic games.
" " -Emp. Claudius.
Music brings h.-Rlzzlo.
Opportunity for-Black Prinoe.
761
♦2O40
•20.')0
•2051
•2052
♦20.13
♦21 15-1
••.•0,15
♦2().1fl
•2057
♦2C.'.8
•20.V,)
♦2000
180
2307
2 IH5
2.')25
195
33IVI
2170
2481
.■t.!ll
581 W
4789
2305
.'1270
2.180
189
2(18
1310
2:m 1
Oili;3
.'ill81
♦2021
♦2022
♦2023
♦21121
♦202.1
♦2020
♦2027
♦2028
♦2020
♦2030
2045
2173
5451
217
l.'iOO
14.14
1322
1323.
2157
360
,370
1329
.1032
2040
2251
2^M2
22.1-1
2187
50.33
407
1325
5097
2280
3876
8751
470
Mm
Herelvi'<l reluotantly-l'ertlnax'n.iim
KexloD'd to cictMii. i(j,v*
Hul)' of li. Inveiitoil. MlvN)
Htiir iiiipow'd h -Napoleon. V.m
Helflxhnt^ii In Nuekliig >i. nOTN
Hurretidur for virtue. om
uf Trliiniiili MiiKiiill(;«r.t 5711)
TrouliloMoiiif h.-(lol(len crown. I8W
l>nappr«uliktu<l <'romwoll'HN(in.r>unT
rntlcdcrvod h. A fiirmer. 3IT7
I'licnjoyed .MIItoiiH. aaio
rii-iilliifai'tory li. IIIkIi ollU-e. IWl
Vi'XulloUH h. NiipoleoM. 7,')!
VUrloimly IxiHtowtMl on Nuro. 4(t!n
W'<'iirlHonn! )i. CroinweU'M. aJ70
WItlidriiwti-* 'romwi'H'H. iHni
WItlilit'ld .lohn Ciibot. iltil
fofUKKICKiiri.l KKIM'TATION in lur.
AITIBUfK^ADK.
Crnt^i rcfiTcfiot'.
Perils of a. Brnddoi'k'N dcffiit. 'J7
AlflKItKA.
for .XmcrluaiiH " Monroo I)oot."*8()(l
Kiitiiro of Am. L.'h prodlotloii. *SI()
MIhhIoii of Am. John Adiimg. •«! I
I'ropluicy of .\ni. Htormont. *)iv.!
Trtinsforraatlon In A.-"l''.of Y."*tfia
Mtaccllanciiiiii emiMi-ri'firriiers.
ObiioxlouH forelj^ners In .\.
KcH-iicd from I'hlllp II.
AITIKIiK^ANN.
I)est)lm'd by Samuel .IoIimhoii.
Hated by Mamiim JolinHon.
('rdOH-ri'fi'rciice.
Various ancestry of A.
See PAIKIOTISM In lor.
AlfHABILITV.
Saragps-no word.t for abuse 'Jti
AlfllJNK.flENT.
Captivated by a.-l^ouls P.ln Ain.*aiO
Disappointed In a. -Violent M. *yi7
l(i7
•a 14
771
Mlflcelhini'iHiB cro-ts-roftTCnccH.
Absorbed ln-.\d Drake. y.'iSS
Brutal u. of Normans. 1,')32
" " " liomans tiladlators. •J()4
in Calamity-Nero. 11 10
Christianity corrects a. -Gibbon. H.'i.'j
vs. Clirlntlanlty-Uomans. 810
Conscience vs. a. liunyan. lOH,')
Defended then abandoned-C. 835
Devoted to a.-Emj). AiikcUis.
Diverts resentment.
Habits make a necesalty.
Ill-timed a.-C'rorawell's.
Inconsiderate of danger.
Mind diverted by a.
Poor denied a-C^uolts.
Profits by a. -Excessive.
Provision for a. -Colosseum.
Quarrels grow out of a.
Tyranny in a. -Spaniards.
Unchecked by death.
AITIUSEilIENTS.
Brutal a. by broadswords.
Combat-Roman theatre.
38i»«
3-,'04
3-J'.l5
3tlS.>7
5138
3.'-.20
.'(138
4390
5873
081
S019
5744
6083
♦218
♦819
AMI»l'S(AI)K— AN(}i:i-.
Delight In a itomans *IM1
Interdicted by I'urltanN In l':nK.*'.'3U
Nangulnary u. Kotnnn Clreui. *'i»li
Sunday a Kngllsli gamei. *8M
Mliicollitnfuiii ornni rtfuri'tireii.
('onceal oppreNslon.-KomanH.
Sabbath-day a. Kngllsli.
See CIUCfH
I'rdKK ri'fertiire.
I'4«lonforc. Komans
Hi'e 1)A.N( I.N(i.
Ccremonl<iUHd. Am. Indians.
Delight In Kng. Itllh century.
MyHtIc d. of West Indians
Opposed to d. Kng I'liritans.
Degraded by machinery. •380
.Sci' (lAMK.
Preservation of g.-Justlnlan. *3377
I''ondnes» for hunting g.
Laws preserving g.-Unrden.
Monopoly of ^. \Vm. the C.
Passion for g. -Andronlcus.
-Malok -Sultan.
Pleasure-Perilous game.
Skill In shooting g. Crockett.
.'<ie(lAMK.s.
Heneflclal g. Ancient.
Kmployment In military g.
Passion for g.-tJreeks.
Use of g. S. ,/ohnson.
Sl'u tiieatkk.
Corrupted-EngUsh.
Dangers of t.-S. Johnson.
Licentiousness and t.
Opposition to t.-Dr. Dawson.
" " punished.
Hestored-Eng. liestoratlon.
and Sensuallty-Uoman.
Vicious t.-Engllsh.
Actors dlshonored-K. law.
" disrespect for H. law.
Degenerated-Kellgious origin.
Immoral and destructlve-K.
Pleasure In t.
Political power of t.
Shameful exhibitions.
Sec THEATRICALS.
in Churohes-Blbllcal.
Condemned by Solon.
See KECKEATION.
Excessive r.-" Oentlemen."
Extravagant r.-BaJazet.
Degraded by a.-Romans.
Discomfort In r.-Fashlon.
Simple r. of Puritans.
See ri.EASUHE in toe.
ANAI.OUY.
rr.m« ri'firt'tu'f.
Illustration by a Johnson.
.1316
41)Wl
41t«7
41WH
381
•i;w7
♦I.'IHH
♦lilHU
C'ripiw-refvriiicc'.
IilolatrouH lascivious Uoman. 3085
Si'e KKAMA.
Indecent d. 13th century. •1717
Literature of the d. Oreece, •17'8
Origin of the d. Home. *I71»
Religious d. In churches. TaO
4038
I,^5
3U43
4304
41»7
4111
4.'I38
*3378
•337!)
♦3'.'K0
•3281
*,M83
♦.W83
•.YM
*xm
♦.V)88
»n.w9
•.ViDO
♦44
•4.')
43
103
341
l.VW
♦.V.Dl
•,5.593
•40.37
•4038
•220
218.1
2590
ir-JT
ANAIK'HV.
Mlnrcllkiii'iiiiK irinr rrfi rciii'f«.
Authorized by Iniuu'ont \\l. 4!Mli
Night of a. Kllght of James II. 41)13
ANATO.nV.
( 'rnMM rt'fcmire.
Mistakes In a. Arlitolle.
(in It
AIS<^KNTOIIN.
MlMcelliiri M i-ruBh rt IVrrnce.^.
Ilrutallty of a. overlooked. b'l-'ll
Offences of a. puidshed In o. 0175
Regard for a. -Russians. 1131
AN4'KHTIIV.
Humble a. of poet Horace.
Ineffective a. Prince Rupert.
I.'nltke a. -Orleans princes.
•33.5
•330
Mlncelliiru'iitis inpnu-rcfiTciiccii.
Barbarous a. of Kuropeans. 3719
Hase a. Witches and demons. 1.538
character from a. Q. Kllzabeth. 70.'>
" " " Americans. 771
Depraved a. - Nero's. 1538
" "Confessed. SOOO
Disreputable a -John XII. 4.105
Divine a.-Spurlous-Sllenus. 3:180
(ienlusby a.-J. Milton. •33118
Happiness affected by a. :i<'>00
Humble a.-N. II. (iabrlnl. .591
" Diocletian. .595
Nobility of a. ilcsplsed-Nap. 3.v.»3
Pride In honest a. -Napoleon. .3.V.I3
Savage a. of Europeans. 3719
Selected a. Pilgrim Kathers. 3173
Unfortunate a. -Charles I. 303H
See IIEKEDITY.
of Disposition-Frederick II. •a."I
Failure of h. -Howard's father. •33.53
of Character-Charles I. .303"*
Contradl(!ted-Orlean8 princes. 337
of Crlme-Cii'sar's family. 3073
Cruelty by h. -Nero. 1347
207?
of Disposition-Frederick 11. 3.151
-Melancholy. .3500
-Nero. ,5800
Failure of h. -Cromwell's son. .59,57
of Genius-Watts. 8315
" -Hlalsc Pascal. '3384
In Government. -Monarchy. 8451
-Female llne-I. 24.58
Incompetence by h. -Goldsmith. 4.343
In Mechanics-East Indian. 3r>.37
of Professhm in Egypt. 4486
" Shamelessness- Ferdinand. 806ft
See PA KENT iii Inc.
ANCiEl..
Supposed an a.-Joan of Arc. *8S8
MiHcellaneous cross-rcferencei.
vs. Prlest-Ferdlnand'8 r. for c. 931
Shameful mission of Mahomet's. 63
AN(;KLS— AI'AI'IIV.
r<)3
«Tjr
(10 1«
•,^^^
«outi
4J)05
3fiUU
WIS
;i.-',c,>
.•).V.I:.'
.■iir.i
3038
■i:«7
:i. liwi
r. HMO
saco
on. nonr
2315
S3S4
S451
le-I. 3458
liith.434!.'
353T
4486
Id. 3060
•-•S8
CiMM^ rifcrt'iirn*.
<iolliln|{ of Ik HwtxIniiborK WftH
< 'liitrmi'il by vlnloii of a. WIO
Kimliivcil KiiK.-AiiKeli. t>\K
InvlNlhl)- a. Maliomot'ii. K5
MiNtaken for n.-HpaiilardN. 01 IM
onoe men NwndtinborK. 1577
AJ*UKU.
Hyinptom of a. Napoloon.
Mli-ci'lliihciiMK crcmn-ri'fiTi'iii'i'K
Aiitl rt'llKloiiH a.
Hnilal a. Krcd. \Vm. I.
Coiilrolltid l)y a.-l'etdr tlio (J.
CoHlly a,-i:!l(),(KKi.
Kolly of a.-. Milton.
KooIIhIi a. •lolin Adai im.
KiirlniiH a. Byron'8 mollR'r.
of .lealoiiHy Voltal^^^
(»v('r|pow«Min({ a. at n d Cl.W.
Qiieiit'hi'd liy roadUiK Koran.
" " Koo<l-)iiiiiior.
Heactlon of a.-AU'xander.
Havatre a. Frederick William.
IiidcMirvt'd a. of WaHhlnRton.
WeakiivNM I'hillp.
Si.' INDHiNATION.
AfTcrtt'd I. Napoloon I.
Aroused by de(:e|)tloii.
at Bribery I. Nowton.
-H. A. DoUKlaH.
KxprcNsed by abgeiico.
I'atrlotlo I.
Furlong l.-DlHfrulned man.
of (Jodg expected I'dKans-Nile. (iU4
111 timiid 1. -Investigation. a!i!t5
IrreprcHslble-tieo. WaBhlnifton. Wi
I'opularl. at Brutality. 3048
" " " agaagglnatot-Hof ('. Id
Clarendon. ;iH08
" " murderof Becket.35()5
Stamp act. 3585
of I'rlde-S. Johnson's. 4340
I'ublle 1. at absentee, (ieorKe II.
" " -Bribery of Demos. (173
at Threatening of (lov. (iates.
I'nuttered 1. -Napoleon I.
See UKSKNTMKST.
Cruel r. -Alexander.
Infamous r.-Il. Arnold.
Passlonate-Maxlmlri.
of Patriots- Lord Chatliftni.
I'ubllc r.-Ani. colonists.
Havajre r. -Theodore Lascarls.
Wlthheld-Kobbery.
of WronKS- Irishmen.
♦8S1I
.741
5711
,'M«l|
4IU3
11 (i7
4334
3733
3(MI3
Wl
33
iii;w
1714
1073
3748
5104
3ft3
1.587
(JOO
(173
*i
♦37115
1(1.53
2705
,5003
•4708
♦1700
♦48(K»
♦4801
♦4808
♦48(W
♦18<JI
♦4805
Dishonorable-Treason. 4100
Expressed forcibly. 3801
Iiilidels treated with r. 2«11
Opportunity for r.-Clovls I. 400
Patriotism sacrificed to r. 300
P-'emature r.-Bj). Burnet. .5.303
"\ aln r.-BreakInK the arrow. 301
See HATRED, PASSION ami UE-
VENOE in loc.
ANGVISH.
Prolonged a.-Garlbaldl.
♦830
Miscellaneous cross-referencCB.
Conjugal a. of Josephine.
lOi
Mental a Napoleon Waterloo. 8N17
Murderer'! a. Alexander. 1741
Mo.. DIMTUESS anil TullTrilK
III /ill'
AlNIIflAli.
MIsfctlui Ill* iTiini* ri'frmii'i'ii.
Defensive u-Uattleiinake. IllKHI
Kmbletnatlc Wolf Turk. IWi
Kavorlle horse-Biiuephalui. M.'VI
Fidelity Soldler'N dog. .W8
Fight with dog-CerberuM. .laiW
Life of a. Iiidestruetlble. 3303 I
Mysturlousa Muhoinet's. 3033
Uefrautory-Hen Hclenee. 1003
Sacred a. Kawn-ScrtorliiH. 1471)
Huperstltlon-Hqueaklng rat. 4085
TypU^al a.-Physlelan-Horpent. 4100
rtlllly of a. -Newton's mouse. 3M3
AIVIin4L»l.
Allegorical a. by, I. Dryden. ♦'381
Attraction of a. by HeoU. •'3:13
Condomned by ( lesar-Pot a. ♦■3.')3
Honored Uoman Oetise. •331
by Alexander. •335
Hespect for a. by Buddhists. ♦•380
" " by Ct'usaders. *837
Hervloc of a. -Shepherd's dogs. ^838
Mlsci-liUiifiHi.* rroHsri'fi'reiifi'S.
Appreciated Oxen. 01.54
Augury by birds. 300
Control of a. by Alexander.
Cruelty to a.-Uotnans. 833
" " "Norman gent's. l!i.'13
Marksman's. MHO
Destructive-Mouse. 3100
Development of domestic a. 4403
Experiments with cows -S. 030
Fame Mulos-Welllngton. ;i'i33
(iestures the language of a. 18.M
Ignoble man-Ju(!kal. iSl(i7
Improvement of-Washlngton. 1873
Influence of a. -Indirect I'ig. 40HI
Ingratitude to a. reproveil. .5800
Plgtender- Young PIzarro. (141
" Possessed " by spirits. 5100
Preservation of liome-tieesc 1001
Punishment by vipers. 1.570
Uespected-Sacred (Joo8e-(Joat..5451
Reverence for sacred a.-E. 3172
Sign of success-Spiders. 5141
" " land-Birds. 5144
Study of a.-Devoted to. 1878
Terrifying a.- Klepliant cavalry. 7.30
Tormented by cats. 4803
Worship of a.-Egyptans. 4007
.See BIRDS.
Augury by vultures. 'V.h;
Encouragement by b. -Cicsar. 4 155
See IlRl'TES.
Immortality of b. ♦080
See DOO.
Mlsused-Alclblades. 1300
See DiWS.
Martyrs destroyed by d. 13.58
Provision for 6.-C\ rus. 4385
See FISH.
Extravagant price-Wash. '3013
Remarkable f.-Legend. 3,545
Terrifying f.-Consolence. 1115
See FISHING.
Fraud In-Antony. 8140
M.I llDRsK.
Abusod-drawing by tall 45A
MuiMtfed by genlUH-Aloxander.
vs. I'lilloiopher Newton. '30
Won In battle Ijinnes. 0(H
8.'.. I.IDNS.
Perilous allies. 174
s," I'KTS.
Singular Hi'ott'H pig hen. 8.33
Women's dogs condemned by (' 333
Si'i
IIIUHS, llKfTKS,
l.lilN, I'Kl'S, ,
Ixill,
I / !■.
Flsll,
ANinoNirv.
Fraternal a. ('aracallaand d ♦■330
of Ignorance National. *340
rnreasonable, AntI ('atliolli! a. ♦311
S,e AMIKIl uMil ll.VTKKP I'li /m .
ANNIHILATION.
CrnHrt r.-l'rri'iiri'.
Death an a. JohnMllion :i'.i38
ANNOIIN<'Ki'nKNT.
Appalling Execution. ♦JtS
I'lHiH-rffert'iice.
( : riitef ul a -Free Mncoln.
,5800
ANSWER.
MlMi'i'llun.'iiiis iriiss-rrfiTi'm'i'*.
DLsslmulatlng-Affablo. 1070, 1080
,3010
30IH
1003
iroM
3fl
701
703
1001
E(pilvocal Oroolan oraile.
" Delphic oriicli'.
Stralghtforwaril I.ulhei's.
See REl'.VRTEi;.
Apt r. by J. Wesley.
See HK'I'OH r /»i Inc.
ANTAfilONISin.
MlscelliiniiiMK criiss relVrr n ■
Natural a. -Protestant and . . I
In Personal character-M. L.
•• " " -ti. Eliz.
I'linatural a. -Father Hon.
Sir STltlFF. in In,-.
ANTIPATHY.
I 'rortr* rt'fi'ri'tiee.
Race a. of Irish In Ireland. ♦313
ANTIQUITY.
Pride In a. of Athenians. ^344
Si'e ANC.'IKX'I'S ii. /■"■.
ANXIKTY.
Consuming a. of .Marlborough. ♦215
Maternal a. for Infant-Indians. 118
Parental a. of R. Burns's father.^2lfi
of Uesponslblllty-A. Lincoln. ^247
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Common to humanity. .3004
Parental a. of Emp. Severus. '330
Relief from a.-(iod. 4.558
Relieved by humor-L. 1T50
See FEAR iii i'"'.
APATHY.
CrtiHsreference.
,5830
by Overconfidenee.
See INDIFFERENCE.
Affected 1. to adversity. 03
Cruel 1. of CiBsar. ♦2793
to Applause of masses-Nap. ♦STS
<
704
UrIlKldiiN I. of Charlrit II. •iroi
to StilTiirliiK* HurK><<>i>ii' IINI
APOMMJV.
DuKrkdliiKii. (Uitnunilud liy .l.ll.*v!iH
MIkcc liiiK'nim criin" ri'fi'ronciii.
AiiHHKln'ii It. t'ltriiciillii, itiKI
Doillitfiil II. Miirrliitfr of II. VIII. tnN
Wi'iik u. rm- iiiKiuiltiMld. '.'Hn;
I
A PONT AN V.
Opnn 11. cif KoiiiaiiiiH. '•4Til
ri'lmltlviui. by iiui'Duoutloii. »aM
('rut*'* rctVit'iiccft.
KncouraKnd !>>' Iiiw Maryland. 41 If)
Kx|iluliii'd IiKMiiDtlNtoncy. tJTV'l
DhiTi'dlliiblr II. IToli'Mtuiit tll.'Ml
Uuu(;lli)iii)f fiii'ci'd c;<)iivurtittou.Ot.>U 1
Ucqulrfd iif oniccr. H71
APOSTATIC. I
Ml-tt Iliiiii (MIX cro.-'.n ri'lVrcncen.
llnliorcd uiiwlMdly, 3177
.shauifful a. .liiMius. l.'ioo
Al'OMTATKS.
KorRlvoii liy rrlinltlvo < . *ia3
Malice of 11. KiilulitH Templar*. 1030
-.lullan'H.
f-u.' TICMTOK />! /,„.
AI>4»N'l'lilO.
Cr'iN-'lul'fU'liCf.
La.st a.-Mulioini't.
APPARITION.
Helief 111 a. s. ■Iiiliiisiiii.
KalHt) u.-"'rtiri'(i kiilKlilM."
iH'auclcd a. of Tlio.scun.
mil)
('ri»HM-rcfrr('Mci'rt.
of the Deatl-Il. Mlllor.
1H19
Sturtlliiif a.-" Kvll senilis."
l.:JO
SiH' VISIO.N In Inc.
APPKAl^.
the Only a.-l.ulhor's.
♦ii57
.MIscclliiTU'ims cidsn relCTi'iicos.
to Honor-SuuccHHful. mm
Usek'BS a.-Haldwln to Lincoln. GS
.><ic ENTKKATY i» loc.
APPKAHANOKN. I
Indians di'ci'ptlve to colonists. 30
!)e(:eptlvo a.-I'hilop(rnien's. *'S>8
Dl.spleasin;,' a.-O. Cromwell's. *a(iO
FalMO a. -S. Johnson. *'M\
MlsjudRod a.-O. Cromwell. 'iiWl
Suspicious a. of Cttsslus. •y(!:i
rnpromlsinf; a.-Bp. Oeorpre. *a64
AIMM.OOV-AI'IM.AISK
HliccMNful d. Knip Majori'ii. *l)ini
Dinioult Uluhunl I. Iir.1
for Kvll diMMln l>olltl<n. OOli
Mamiuurudi' Deadly. 'iM'4
of I'litrlotH llimtou t«ia party. .').V,il
I'i'iDitratod liy .loan uf .Vrc '.'hua
I'crlloiu d. uf nnirtyrit U.VIO
INMNOIIuI .SuCi'DHHful rhttH. II. 3011
Ui'IIkIoun d iif .limiill*. 3.ll^ i
Nuc(!iiNHfuld. Alfred thoOreat.fiHiiil
Wife'* d.- Mann drt'M. MKi \
.s... V.VMTV. j
KxcoMlvn V. IHoclt-ilan. ♦.'i77'J
Kolly of V. .Madman. 'Wta
KooIIhIi v.-FdrKUBon, *ft77l j
with (ir»'iiliicHH-(i Kll/ul«eth. •.VTfi
Uuhukod" I'liie Cimt "
" -(JoldMiiillh's.
" Arlaxi'ixi'N'.
" .Mi'iiccnites'.
HIdliulouH V. Mominii'Mlal.
\ltllni of V. Alcxainler.
Miscellaneous cross re lerence;
Ueocptivp a. in bereavement.
Uncouth a.-S. .lohnson.
See IHSIil'ISK.
Tletraye(l-Kx-(Jueen Mary.
Clerical d.-,I. Hunyar.
Dangerous d.-T,onKchamp.
Detectcd-Clodius Pulcher.
Blfflcult-Flight of Charles I.
336d
♦KLM
♦1053 '
of Ambition »;raiit Alfonso.
ArchlUicturiil v. ryrainlilH.
In lii'iicvoloni'c .lohn.soii.
ClurUial V. <'li. of St. Sophia.
CovtM'cd with riiK's
of lOarlhly posHcsHlon.
Klaltcrcd Charles I. by I'Mnch.
lllndrancu In v. J. Adams.
llomaKo to V. of (Jreok Kmps.
" " " Dloi'lctlun.
of Honors (^iiocn Mary.
" l.lfc. -Captive klii({.
rerllouM V. -KmpiTor .lullaii.
of Popularity croiiiwell.
Prevents success 'I'lnnjlheus.
Kebuked-IluukliiKham's.
" -Di'maratus's.
Sensitive v. Voltaire's.
Victimized by v.- Pompey.
See I.MI'OSTOK *n lac.
APPETITE.
Fastidious a. of Antony.
IndulKcnce of a. -Shameless.
Perils of a.-Cato th(^ Censor.
Protest of a.- Monks.
Kulcd by a.-Kplcurc.
Mtrtcellarieous crosri-refcreiices.
Degraded by liidul>;. of i .-P.
Surrender to a. II. VIII.
Voracious a.-S. Johnson.
See AliSTINK.NCE.
Certainty by a. S. Johnson.
Limit of a.-l'"astln(f.
Prudential by experience.
Twofold a.-Wlne and water.
Unconscious a. Shelley.
•.•,;;(i
*.-.rr7
♦57:8
*r.7'o
•r.rsi
ati'.'i
•,';i(j,-i
Ml
NIIA
r.ti77
•.'3;',i
CO
.'IH'.I I
.Ml
sit)
',•010
3a»5.'
.'11178
i:WI
3<.K)I
31103
*S65
♦a09
♦300
♦■.'07
*aoH
308
3H,'>','
2183
♦11
♦17
*18
In Distress of mind. 3003
" Kxcitcment-(iainblers. CllO
" Grief-Wlfe of James II. 0(Hi8
Necessary a.-" One glass." si9.">,5
Nobility in a. -Alexander. Ditor)
Self-'jonquest by a.-Muhoniet. 5077
See KOOI).
A'.)omlnuble f.-Ilorse-flesh. ♦ai73
Animal Klnir of lluni. •ai74
('hanK*m m f Kntc 'snik
ClioDin f. of Palmurston. *til7fl
Dantfuroui I'oUon f. Yuea. ♦'JI77
ICxtravuuaiieii In f.-N. birdi. ♦)il7H
Figure by f simrtans ••JI7II
Minil afTeetcd by f.-Maliomet 'VlHi)
Poor f. Knttland. ♦umt
I'liblle f. Spiirt'tn tableii. *^'IN:J
Keicard for f.S. JohnmiM. *tllN,i
Huspleloui "Wulorlnu place. "'lilHt
Variety In f Invention. •IIIH.1
Wonder In f.-London. ♦UlMtl
MUoiMuiiuoiia erimn rcrurvncen.
Aversion to salt pork-\V. I. il'.tj
Animal f. re.jected l'hlloNopli'il.'t7(KI
Cantdbalsby iieceHslty. 7il(l
Communism In f. Savages. ^iiliii
Dungi^roim f. Soldiers. VKi
DIvImIoii by f. Scot!. 1013
Kxtravagant f. Tea Uiili)
" " rebuked. 'Jiil:l
" " -1,(MK) eook«-C. 80113
l-'lrst questlon-Krenoh Kov. 008
Ine(|uallly In f. Mind. IIUNI
Intemperance In f. 'J\m
MUtake-Camphor vs. Bait. 31101
Neglected in Bludy-Newton ;I7UI
Offensive nuinners with f. 31',>1
Orders for f. Unexpected. -riW
Pleasure In f. rejected Pascal. Iiwi
Dysiieptlcs'. Mai
of the Poor Ireland. I.MO
Prayer brl.igs f.-MIUler. a(i:i,%
Present of f. rewarded. ll.'il
" -Ada to Alexander. 0870
Public provision Komans. (l.'i7
Itebelllon against f.-Arniy. 1003
Iteward of ust^fulness. ffiWi
Strange theory of f.-Artlst. OOI.')
Unappreciated f. Discovery of. 1030
Unsubstantial f.- Perfume. 5770
See KA'I'INO.
Cnstom In e. -English. ♦noi
" " " Uoman. ♦Koa
Conversation in e. -Spartans.
" " " desired.
Oluttony-IIospltallt y.
See IlUNOEU.
Insatiable h. of gold-seekcrs. ♦2070
2182
S030
Address to h. difllcult. UOII
Desperation of h. -Cannibals. 'lOO
Perishing from h. -Siege. 1502
Pressure of h. -Sailors. 1303
See FAMINE. INTEMI'EI{AN(;E,
LlCENTlorsNES.H, PASSIONS.
und TEMI'EKANC'E lit luc.
APPLAVNE.
See PUAlSE.
AnclontGermans'a.-CIasblng. ^270
Consequence of a. -Inspiration. '271
I-.iulffereuco to a.-Napoleou. ♦273
JIlsccllanoouH cro»ii- references.
Distrusted by Cromwell. 3739
Presumi)tlon from a. 8570
See CIIEEIlINCi.
Effective-" Yelling regiment." ♦788
•J175
•HI 7(1
•ai77
♦ai7H
♦KI7I»
••.'INI
•Vina
•aiwi
"•«|K|
•aiMrt
♦WIMtl
IICl'H.
IIVHI
|>Ii'm.'17iKI
Ulllll
ITI
l!il;i
yiiiii
yrii.i
. aw 1.1
llllHI
i.'iwi
.'IBDI
;)7o»
.•Mv'l
■1(W|
My I
I.Mi)
yd.').-)
'ii.'ii
dor. fiH7(i
(i.-,7
I!H1.')
S3n;i
;■ oois
Y of. Ifi-lfl
r>77!)
•I7(!I
*17(W
8. aiKa
.1000
8030
9. •S87()
APPLK'.iTION.
NuKlwutitil liivi'iilloii itt III II. *y7a
AFPOIIMTITIKNT.
KiiiliHrruHMiiii'iil lijr a. of A. *V7'I
IliimllliitUitf Ik <if Cii'diir to W. *'/7n
Kimeiitnil HoldliTN of Jumai V.*im
Criim rifiTaiii't.
Klotltlouii Ik -Uoiii Cikth. lip. Mil I
APPOIINTinitlNTN.
rartlMitii It. of I'lilk'M Hijiii'ii. */;i)
APPIIK4 lATIOIN.
I'urtlul i>r tuksHlnu I'vciitii I, X VMK77
WlUiout a. of coin. liikrliHrluiiii.*!<7H
MUui'lluiiociiix cri.Kii raffrvnct'ii.
Dvjiiyoil rikmiJlMn l.oNt for illO.
linprenK.'il \>y n. of Nlav(,i*-I..
APPIIKIIKINNION.
I 'niHM riffn'rn'*!.
of Uvll'donrn IlriitiiM.
S..I AI.AK.M i„ /.(.•.
APPIIKNTKKN.
MlNCflllllM-nUn (Tdrill tl'fVri llCl'l.
Abimed by liibor mid wlilppliiK. 70H
4in
nil
1180
" ovtM'work.
;%UtiKDi;<:TN.
Btiiiotltg of It. Koine.
(I 1 1 it ti
lotroduutloii ii' li. -Plymouth.
AKHITHATIOIV.
Ueji'ctud by Kuk. Napolooii.
7W
459
40U
bOfil
•U79
MlxcelUneaua iro»n rcfiTi'iicfs.
Coiitldc'noe In a. Kurbarlikiis.
Pearo by a.-U. H. vh. Kiiif.
Heltloment t)y- Alabama claims
<%H(?IIITIC<'T.
Wren, tlits khmU KnitllHb a.
AH<;HITKCTirKK.
Huimty In \unU: a.
<'oTnpo«lt;) order In a.
Defective Egyptian a.
Kxci'lleiiue of (ireek a.
(llldi'd a. of Itoinan Capitol.
Improved liomun a.
InHtriictlon by ii. In ruins.
MH«nltk'cnt a. 'Pt.'iiiplc of U.
Opportunity in <. I.onilon (Ire.
I'rcsorviitlon of a. by (iotlis.
Prophecy In a. of Colosseum.
l{ell({ion bi (llvorso a.
liomun a.-TuHcim order.
Simplicity In Doric a.
Stupendous a. -Chinese Wall.
Sublime (Jothlc a.
afll7
I.MI,')
iH'ir,
•awo
••JHI
•8H3
•as I
•aH.")
•awi
•awr
•anH
•8H!I
•auo
•afli
•aiia
•su;)
•2111
•afl.-)
•atio
M IsoclhiiH'dii.* cr(l^s rclfrt'nct'8.
ArKunu!!it against 11. Savajfc. 37113
Beautiful a.. Most -Mausoleum. 60IJ1
HulIdliiK chocked by law.
Costly 11. -St. Sophia.
aooi
Wi.")
H(iO
888
rm
API'MCATION-AHMY
iKiioruni'u III a I'likiiuwiiarcli '.'K'i
IlllMieiiie H CtMiti'iililKl JUKI
liidcHtriietlbliMi Ti'liipli' of .1. I.Mm
Mttitnlflci'iit Ii Koiiiun batlii. tiM)
Palatial ii 'I'lmoiir'a, Mi:i
Plain ilwiilllnuM spartan. I7.M
Uenown by Ik Perli'lioi. 171111
I'selflUNik Pyraiiild-totnbit, .vuv
Vanity In a. PyniinliU. aWi.')
Wonderful a liaalbnc 3.'iua
s.... lil'ii.niNU.
ColoNNal b. Colomieiini. 'W\
(Ipponeil UelKllor.l II. 'llHa
Itilliied by b. .M. CrikKiiun. •88.)
Division III b. ttoimiliis Itciiiuit H'.h
HIM I
3739
«570
Deception In a. -Temple of H.
Destroyod-Temple of Serapls
Destructive to life- Earthquakes. *ia
Destruction of priceless-Nero. 389
Oreatnesg erlnced in a.-Alex. 8485
I'rolilblti'd In London.
8..' illlliril.
Kruotlon KntbUNlastlc. •Ntl.i
Ituwardcd. •Htii
UubulldliiK temple Mocca. •h7<I
liulMliiK by lndulK«neeK. a8oa
Ml.. DWKI.I.INUS.
Plalnn««H In il. KycurKUi. •I7.'>4
.H..' I'AI.AI'IC.
Humble p. of Tartam. •3978
8ut AUsuN in Inc.
AHDOH.
Soldier* a. Ullnd .lohn Crecy. •;1I7
Sm: y.y.M. ill tuc.
AHdilimKNT.
Possible Slealln« defended .1. ^898
Ueservod a. -Violence .Johnson. •89(1
Useless a. of •JiimeN II. to r,. •.'tiMi
MUoellaiH'tnii criiHs rcftTt'iircrt.
Abandoned for resentment. 8i)lo
by Abuse S. •lohnsou. 8(101
Deceptive a. -Sophists. 888.1
Declined by obstinacy. .')i)l9
Possible axiklnst art. X'M
Powerless witli blKots. 8781
UcadlnesM In 11. -Sophists. .')7.').')
'rraliied in use of a.-KomauN. IH.^r
I'selcss .lohnson. •■|>*8.-|
with .laineH II. :im.-,.1
Si..- CiiN'TKOVKKSY ami DKIIAIK
in ;...■.
AltlNTO<'HA()V.
in Hattie Koninn. •.to!
Kxpense of a.-Itomans. •.108
Koactlon for a. Puritans. •.'i03
Uuinof a.-(ireeks. •:iol
MIscelliiiU'diis cross.nfi'rencn.
Hrutal pleasures Normiins. 1.'!.'18
Kule of a. Murdensonie-\ a. 81 l.i
s,.i. cAsrio.
Absence of c. -Irish kincs. *7I9
Aniflo-Saxon e.-(ii'rmiiny. "':i»
Uarbarlan c.-iiauls. ♦781
of Ulrth Italians. *788
KnKlish e. " Horn Kreat." •78:!
Hostility to c. American. *78l
In Judgment (;. Kllzabeth. *78.")
National c.-l''rench. ♦781!
" -Kntflisb. ♦737
Id Parliament.-" Worsted 9." *788
Prejudice ofc. Parliament. *789
Misccllani'iius crcjss rcfiTeni'i'S.
Absence of c. -Manufacturers. 17C1
llroki'ii <' Ptiy>lrliiiiii. 1170
In chiirrh Aaron lliirr. 8.MV
DeittruetlVe to Itir hiate <i. :IO't
Dlvldoiiiore. India. :UVI7
KKotlom of c. Ilyn 1 Iku
Kourtold e Kaat Indian. Wi
• irades of loelal c. I''raiik« :ia7ii
Itfiioreil Koman* IMocletlun. .'i9.%
l.i'l(lilatloti fore Kliullsli. 1734
In (ii'i'iipiklloii Ktfypl. tlHtt
Plea for ■■ of nink. liiia
in Kelltflnii Pvlliiiuoras. 47IHI
l{ell({loii" e I'rrslun vi. Turk (1070
In Si'hool Harvard ."iOaM
" " NapM|..,,u I, fKi;)3
In Trades Inlons Klitf. .MUUi
.•)(Ml.'t
Tyranny of c, .-oeial. .■»9I
Vii'o levelii e (luinblerN. 8*7
8».' Mljlll.lTV In Inr.
AH.^OH.
( 'r.i*., li.f..r. riri'.
Protected by It. Mittileorii Hit
AIITIV.
DiiiiKerousit. itoniitn stiindlnK •''km
Disifusteil It of .liinies V of S. *3(Hl
Ureat Ik. Nitpolron's In Hussla. •.'«I7
" •■ -MoKul. •.'108
a (Ireiit a.-Tiirtars. •300
Industrious a. of I'robus. *3I0
Purlllid a. of ( Mm well. •311
Seetiirian a. of .lames II. "SU
Small a. Miles Standlsh's. *3l.t
Strom; it. of Kninit'is '314
Subverted a. of .lanies II. •31,')
Siit'porl of a of Charles II. •31H
'I'est in tlie a .lames II. ♦317
MH<"!Iiin.'(Hm crofls r.'f.T.'nc*M.
Abandoned stiamefully. '.VI8
Decimated by dlHense. 1(138
-Am. Uevolutlon. .118(1
Deslroyod-.Napoleon Uiis.'<ia MO.I
" by sickness. l.')8(>
DL'-iiise destroys three-fourths 471
of KinlKranIs (lolhs. WS
Invlsilile a. Ponipey's. i;i(ir>
Politics In the I'. S. a. -Polk. 87(1
Small a. s men Stiindlsh. 5909
Slandlnna. endiinuers the State. 410
Wasted a.-Cru.iiiders. 1C0(1
.Mc.liKNKUAl.S.
Too miiny (f-Miieeiionians. ♦3881
(ivcrraleil Pdiiip.y-Accident.
.'•ii' liK\KKAL.><llll'.
Successful (f.-Pompey.
Success by g.-Corte/,.
Want of (?. .Adincourt.
S.'c Snl.IUFIi.
chrl.stlan s.-" Stonewall J.''
Cruelty and courtesy of s.
Ignorant s. -.James II.
Natural s. -Cromwell,
liemarkiible s. It. Iv I.eo.
Spirited s. -Puritan.
Wonderful s. -Hannibal.
Clerical s. -Prior .John.
•' " -Pope Julius II.
♦83h.'>
.'laiO
:!83l
•5888
♦.laaii
♦.')830
♦.7831
♦.VJ.32
♦.'-.8.33
♦.lasj
034
I
700
AIU{i:ST-AI{T8.
Clerical b. IJ|). Oosselln.
Doubtful st.-Kirst buttle
Oreiitost Houiim s.-Cirsar.
Uoiiored-Kiillen 8.
Indignity to 8.-Juak)usy.
Moral eslliiiatu of 8. -Drake.
<)verrat«d-(ieneral Chas. Lee.
I'ursUteiii, 8. Mohamiuodau.
I'oor s. descrtbod.
I'rayer of 8. -J. Astley.
vs. Si'lioolniastei'.
Si.ccess of 8.-UomarUabio-C.
TerrlfyliiK s. Nap. le.ives Klba
Voluntt-er when uei^dod-W.
'• -Capt.y.'
Sco SDLDIERS.
rholco s.-Itldeinen.
C(>'oiiiul 8. -Now Kut;land.
Dauntless 8.-Kfank«.
Defensive s.-Ureek Empire.
Disobedient s. -EnsfUsh.
Keai-ful s. Konians.
Uravos of s.-Deeorated.
invulnerable s. -Asiatics.
Maitned-Supported by (iov't.
Marked-IIand-Eaee.
Misnamed-" Kirko's Lambs."
Model s. -Cromwell's.
Nation of s. Uauls.
Notorlou8-\Vilsor''9 Zouaves.
Odd s. -Cromwell's.
Piety of s. -Cromwell's.
(• »( 11
Poor s. described.
I'rofessional-Laceda-moi.lans.
tonality of s.-'Tomwell's.
Terrible s.-.Ia dzaries.
Unqualified s. of Charles H.
9.'ir
4;m'J
aiXK)
4789
2507
017t
437(1
5088
4M-J
41UU
40(i.")
' 4(178
*5a35
■*5i3(!
*5i>37
*r.-ni
♦5243
*',>a:.
*r)-,'4G
»5a47
'»5248
•5249
♦5251
♦.')2r>2
'*.'>2r)3
*r)2.54
♦saw
Hulo of M. -Cromwell.
Su(!ces8ful in early life.
SuCferiiib' of s. -Valley Fortjo.
Superstition of Eni?. s.
Supported by booty Trajan \V
Valuable s. -Napoleon's aides.
Sl'm wak,
ARHEiiT.
I'ndeservedja.-J. Uiinyan.
Athletic s.-Koman. 1827
burdened s.-Homan. 2.")2()
Controlled by gentleness. V>r>d
<.;ouraKe or Disfcraee. I'i3(i
Degraded to citizens Ca?sar'8. 3750
Desertion of s. -Plunder. 2417
Devotion-Swedes to Chas. XIL 1239
Discipline of s.-Severe-G. XII. 4174
Enthusiasm of Confederate s. 1907
Exasperated by s. -Patriots. 3517
Female s. of Crusade. C142
" " -Mussulmans. 6141
" -Dahomey. 6140
vs. Followers-Persians-C!. 3831
Inexperienced c. -Mistakes. 2813
Inferior s.-Irlsh-James II. 317
Irritated by precedence. 4400
Marching of s.-Kemarkable. 3427
Misplaced s.-In navy. 2718
Orphans' of s.-Ed. by State. 40(M
" " " adopted by S. 58
Piety of Eng. s.-Puritans. 4390
Poor impressed as s.-The. 4292
Praying s. -English Kevolution. 4378
" " -of Cromwell's. 4385
Provision for veteran s.-R. 177
Quality better th m quantity. 4590
4591
Religious s.-Oomwell's, 764
Remarkable s.-Cajsar's. 4484
5819
Revolt of s.-Ara. Rev.-Diet. 48'^2
8433
4874
0187
2308
Ii4(;0
. 033
28H1
*318
MiHcellanL'<>us cross rt'Cvruuces.
Defeated-C. 1. -Commons. 413
Escape by emigration 4000
Sudden a. of all Jews in Eng. 7 10
AHHOdtANCIi:.
Answered-Charles V.
CldldlBli-Xerxea- fetters-sea.
Iniiu'.tluK a.-Attila.
"-Chas. V.
♦319
♦320
♦321
♦321
Ml.scullam'ou.'* cr()ss-.-t'fi'reiici'.s
Boasffula.-Disabul the Turk.
Clerical a. in politics.
!.ofty a. of Attila.
National a.-Englisli.
Peril in a.-Braddock's defeat.
See HAU(JHTI.\E.-<.-<.
Lordly h. of Sapor.
3»4
920
4929
322
323
97
IIumbled-Klngly-Cromwen. 20«3
SeeC'UN"EIT in hic.
ARSON.
Destruction by a.-Chi>sroes.
♦324
(.'ross-rcfiTLMico.
Suspected of a. -Nero. 1287
ART.
Age of .ino a.-Greece. ^325
Conquest by a.-Cwsar. ♦sao
Corrupted by a.-Romans. ♦.327 |
Deformity in a. -Chinese. ♦328
Destruction of a. -Nero. ^329
" "-Puritan's. *330
" "-Roman. ♦33i
Destructive to life. ♦333
Educated in a.-Romans. *3,'i'i
Estimate of a. low-S, Johnson. ♦;}34
Frivolous a.-Theophilus. ♦;i35
Inspiration in a.-Italiana. ♦336
Origin of a.-Necessity. *337
" -Egyptians. ♦SSS
Periods of a. ♦339
" "-Roman. ^340
Pleasures of a. -Preferred. ♦341
Protected by Climate. *M2
" " a. -Syracuse. ♦343
Revival of a. -Italy. ^344
" -15th century. ^345
Sclioolsof a.-Three. ♦340
Superiority in a.-Masters. ^347
" " " -Rapiiael. ♦348
Treasures of a. -Napoleon I. ^349
Value of a. -Cannon. ♦SSO
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Condemned by Puritans. 1114
Destruction of valuable, by Are. 2141
Imitation in a. 3744
Impressive a. Pyramids. 53H0
Indifference to a. Saracens. 3.591
Leisure required by a. 25*24
LostOreek fire. 2143
Misapplied Monument. 5780
vs. Nature-Bread-tree. 3793
Painting Illustrates-Johnson. .i977
Periods of a. History. 2'2»7
in a»- Arabs. 125
Pioneers in Eng. a.-Wren-II. 280
Practical vs. abstract a. 85;V)
Unappreciated by (iot lis. 3401
Undeveloped in a. -Englishmen. 289
Science allied to a. 35;iO
" contributory to a. 5048
Surpassed by nature. 859
Zeal for a.-Protogeues. 6815
ARTISANS.
Capture of a.- Silk-weavers. ♦•'i5l
Wagesof a.-England, 1680. ^352
S.e MK('IIAM(;S in loc.
ARTS.
Ancient a. in war. *:m
Encouraged by Coitstantlne. ♦•'554
Obsolete a.-" Knitting, s." *355
Subsidized for rellgic:' »:i50
MlsoelluiK'oiiscrossrrri'ieiico.s.
Affinity of a. for each other. .'WD
Age of discoveries in a. Iia2
Religion favors a. 3ti80
Useful a. advanced-Davy. 3290
Wealth required for a. 3055
Seo DANCINO.
Ceremonious d. -Am. lud. '3. *VW>
Delight in d.-Eng. 10th cent. ♦1;W7
Idoiutrous-Lasclvious-Rome. 2085
Mystic d.-Wost Indians. *Vi><H
Opposed to d.-Eng. Puritans. ♦13.S9
See MUSIC.
Art in m.-Johnson. ^374 1
Condemned-Spartans. ♦3745
Imaginary m.-Dunstan. ♦3746
Love of m.-16th century. ^3747
a Necessity- "Vandals. ^3748
Opposed to m.-Pur'tans. ♦374!)
Political power of m. ♦37.50
Power of m.-Mary Stuart. •.'♦751
in Strife-Charles XII. ♦37.52
Taste for m. -Italians. *3753
Unappreciated-Gen. Grant. ♦3751
Undlgnlfled-Alcibiades. ♦375;")
Charms of m. -Savages. 3816
Church m.-Critic of. 1304
Devotion to m.-T. Jefferson. 5.'J71
Difficulty in m. met. 2979
Fondness for m. -Cromwell's. 3178
Ignorance of m. compensated. 31
Impressive m. of church bells. 509
Inspiration in m. -Wesley-Mobs. fW
Laws sung to m. 422:{
Passions coi reeled by m. 4709
Recreation 'n m. -Milton. 3498
Relief in m. -Martin Luther. 701
Time-Skill requires. 1968
Unpleasant m. for rivals. 3:i5«
See MUSICIAN.
Illustrious m.-Homer. 2.'J17
Neglfccted-Starving-Evans. 4338
■■*'>...
2T4-J
53fl0
!. 3591
85S4
8MU
57*)
arm
m. .1077
2307
I. 880
35;i')
3401
nen. 880
3530
SOW
869
6815
♦358
♦.■ir),-!
*.«i
*355
■■m
Stisti
3890
3()r>5
I
See I'AlNTKK.
Celebrated Eng-J. Ueynolds. ♦3970
Iiiveution of telennipiiy by p. 8989
Sif TAINTINO.
lUuHtratea-no Information. *3977
Defects In Chinese p.-Def()rmlty.388
Imitation In p, -Servile, IMli C. ;M5
Schools of p. -Florence, etc. 841
Supremacy in p.-Uaphael. 340
Sie S('t'i,l'TOK.
Mental s.-So(Tates. *505G
Nubility in-"Eteniallze fame."*5057
See STAT UK.
Honored by s.-Cato.
Immense s. -Apollo.
See STATUARY.
Destroyed-Uuln of paganism. 331
Mutilated by Romans. 387
Uuappreclated-S. Johnson. 334
Ste AUCHITECTUUE uml .liS-
THETICISM in toe.
•5337
*.')388
ASCETICISm.
Escape from a. -J. Wesley.
Exercise of a. -Asiatics.
ASCKTIC'S.
Early a. -Roman.
See ACSTEKlTY in luc.
ASPBRITV.
Cross-reference.
Excu^sablo a.-Mlsfortunes.
ASSASSIN.
UUeelliineous crosa-references.
IIonored-Emp. Caracalla.
" -Bothwell.
Married by wife of victim.
Motive-Named with victim.
Religious a. of Henry III.
Victim, Mistake of.
ASSASSINS.
Hatred of a.-Cffisar's.
Infamous a.-Llncoln's.
Religious a.-l'ersia.
*358
♦357
♦359
3539
1133
3188
3437
2058
1107
2804
♦.378
♦373
♦374
AaCETICIS:.!— ASYLUM.
Attempted a. by Jesuits.
Common-Relttn of Wm. I.
Denounced-of I'wsar.
DlsKraoe of a.-James II.
Failure of a.-Commodus.
by Gov't-Rlchard III.
Horrified by Cjesar's a.
Plot for a. of Elizabeth.
Polltlcal-Duke of Gloucester.
Reaction of a.-on Henry II.
Responsibility for a.-IIenry II
Resort to a. -Nero-Mother.
Revenfce by a.-J. Hamilton.
Scheme of wholesale a.
" " -Rosamond's.
" " -Catherine de M.'s.
Shocking a. of Rlzzlo.
Terror of a.-Emp. Augustus.
Mlscellaueous cro9»-refi rences.
Deceived by Mahomet. 2495
Justifled-H. Dustin-Indlan's a. 3739
Partisan a.-Blue and green. 970
Rebuked by f. honors-Caesar's. 3251
' -Llncoln's.23,54
Struggle with a.-Pizarro. 1008
Terror of-Nationalpanic-Eng. 3988
ASSASSINATION.
Attempted-Louis Philippe.
-Victoria.
" -Victoria.
Conspiracy for a.-British Cab.
Deliverance by a.-IIenry III.
Escape from a.-Llncoln.
Fear of a. -Cromwell.
General a. In Ireland.
Justlfled-Phllip of Greece.
Patriotic a. of Csesar.
Peril of a. -Cromwell.
Remarkable a.-Caesar's.
♦300
♦301
♦368
♦303
♦304
♦365
♦366
♦367
♦.368
♦369
♦370
♦371
MlBcellaneouB oroBs-references.
Ambition provoked a. ofCaesar. 184
3009
3010
1135
2855
4080
3003
3742
1138
4948
3103
6145
8609
1347
4861
1140
67
6000
2087
3891
ASSAULT.
MlacellaneouB criws-refereiiccs.
of Jealousy-Romans.
Reparation for a.-Cheap.
Severe penalty for-i;30,000.
See ATTACK.
Inconsiderate a.-Crusaders.
Unexpocted-From above.
In Rear-Alarming.
Success by a.-Marathon.
A»;sEifiBi.ii<:s.
Interdlcted-Keliglous-Eug.
ASSE1TIBI.Y.
Mtscellaneoiis cr s-refereiice.s.
Immense-Centennial year,lH76.
" -80,000 p.-Colosseum.
Popular a. opposed.
Unwleldy-80,000 priests.
ASSESSMENTS.
Political a.-Emp. Maxentlus.
See TAXATION in he.
ASSISTANCE.
Energetic a. of Pompey.
3897
3808
4103
♦390
♦391
8183
407
♦375
40S4
OHl
84.'-.3
;3833
♦370
♦377
Cross-references.
Refused wlsely-To son. 2030
Response to Mahomet's call. I'ij
See ALLIES.
Invisible a. -Mahomet's angels. ♦IVS
Rejected by Congress-L. '\76
Abandoned by a.-Adversity
Neglected by a.-Thebans.
Personal a. by fear.
Union with a. Impossible.
Sec HELP.
Fictitious h.-Apostate Julian. ♦2549
95
405
1,>13
3835
767
ANNOTATES.
Dangerous a.-J. Howard's son. ♦378
Impure a. -Sir I. Newton. ^379
Influence of a. -Peter the Groat . ♦3H0
MlBcellancoua eroasrifureiiee^.
Burial of living a. Barbarians.
Dangerous a.-(iueen of Scuts.
Despicable a. -.lames II.
Selection of a.-Johnson.
Uncontaminated by evil a.
ASSOCIATION.
Miscellaiieims cross references.
Changed by a. -Greeks.
Contaminated by prison a.
Controlled by a. \. Pope.
Dangerous a. with Theodora.
l)estructlve-"Artemus Ward."
Religious a. prized.
Repelled-John Milton.
Ruinous a. -Gamblers.
" to Nero.
Unity by a. -Cromwell. -Fox.
Delayed till needless. 4083
Divine h. needed-Lincoln. 4380
from God the best-Joan of Arc. 1559
Necessary h.-Briton's appeal. 2016
Withheld makes manhood. 1500
See HELPERS.
Dependence on "Auxiliaries."^ 2550
Acknowledged by Newton. 1631
Repelled by insincerity. 2041
Sustained by h.-Llncoln. 68
Valuable h.-Napoleon's aides. 2834
084
1171
5177
11.57
.5030
1805
.5804
»m
4,5:«
3883
80O3
8701
2373
3819
5749
ASSOCIATIONS.
Benefieiiil a. -Marcus Aurelius. *388
(iuild of a.-Kiig. A.D. 1314. ♦381
Protective a.-Anglo- Saxons. ♦:«;)
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Contaminating a.-Lutlier at R. 896
Dangers from a. in governmemt. 408
Effect of early habits and a.-N. 509
Horrifying a. of London Tower. 745
Unimproved by good a. -Indians. 904
SeeCLUliS.
Ancient c.-" Inimitable llvers."^962
Organization of old English c. 381
See TRADES-UNION.
Objection to t. u. -Caste. ♦.■>063
Opposition of t. u.-Jas. Watt. ♦.5603
Oppressive t. u. -James Watt. ♦.■>0(>4
Prohlblted-Engiand. ♦•^eos
♦5006
See FRIENDS anil INFLUENCE in loo.
ASSUMPTION.
Boastful a. of Dlsabul the T.
♦384
3787
»m5
Cross-reference.
Rebuked-Blshop Coke.
See ARROGANCE iii loc.
ASTROE.OCY.
Regard for a. -Roman omens.
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Crime proven by a. 19'''3
Faith In a.-Charles II. 5443
ASTRONOMY.
Anticipations of a.-B.c. 040. ^380
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Advanced in A.-Egyptians. 35.W
Discoveries In a.-(iaUleo.
Heretical a.-GalUeo.
Ignored a.-CreduUty of M.'s.
Impresslveness of a.
ASTliUM.
of Refuge-Rome.
3088
2721
3023
2375
♦;«7
Cross-reference.
Poor man's-Colony of Georgia. 538
768
ATHEISM— AVARICE.
I ^
ATHEISin.
MiscelUneoii] croM-referencM.
Concealod-Romans.
Tried- Kejeotod-Pranoe.
ATHEISTS.
CrosB-refereiice.
Nation of a.-No.
ATHLBTE.
Remarkable a.-Tliraolan.
Royal a.-IIt!ury II.
2668
2370
4737
♦388
♦389
Mlacellancoua croaareferences.
Moral weakness of Mllo. B9C0
Strong a.-Father of Jefferson. sa.'iS
" "-OeorKo Washington. 5859
ATHLETES.
Mlacellaueous eruas-rofurcDcea.
Early training of a. -Persian.
" " " " -Spartans.
Education of a.-Roraan.
Female a. -Spartans.
Military a.-Uoraan.
Trainee a.-Roman soldiers.
ATMOSPHERE.
CrdS.i-refercnCD.
Convulsions by a.-Oracle.
ATONEinENT.
Mlacellaueous croaareferenceB.
Belief of Am. Indians,
or Vengeance-Am. Indians.
ATTACK.
Inconsiderate a.-Crusaders.
Unexpected a. from above.
1770
1817
1778
1817
1887
6678
8947
5158
4848
♦390
♦391
£183
467
2897
2868
4102
OrosB-refcrenceB.
in Rear-Alarming.
Success by a.-Marathon.
See ASSAULT.
Jealous a.-Romans.
Reparation for a. -Cheap.
Severe penalty for a. -£80,000.
ATTENTION.
C'rosa-reference.
Commanded-Heralds. 6161
AUCTION.
Miacellaneona crosa-rererences.
Infamous a.-Roman throne. 3078
Marriage promoted by a. 3484
AUBACITY.
Brazen a.-Oatlllue. *3(ja
Deceived by a. of Napoleon. ♦393
Desperation of a. -Indians. ^394
Mlacollaneoua croaa-roferences.
Presumptuous a.-CatlUne.
Success by a.-Joan's attacks.
" " " -Pompey.
Undaunted a.-Bothwell's.
Women of Paris-Hevolutlon.
See ARROGANCE.
Answered-Charles V.
Childish a.-Xerxes-Sea.
Insulting a. of AttUa.
Boastful a.-Dlsabul.
Clerical a. In politics.
U 4( 44 41
Lofty a.-Attlla.
National a.-England.
See PRESUMPTION,
Poollsh p.-Emperor Rlenzi.
1201
190C
6310
5838
658
♦319
♦320
♦321
384
980
4989
388
323
♦4443
Reward of p. -Indignity.
Ridiculed by Parthlans.
by Success-Capt. Lawrence.
Successful p. of three men.
of Youth-Naslca.
" " -Pompoy.
" " -Louis XIV.
♦4444
1718
8670
1076
2814
6810
6809
AUDIENCE.
Mlaccllaneoua crossrefercncea.
Necessary for great oratory. 3952
Speaker impressed by a. 4822
AUGUKir.
Book of a.-Chlnese. ♦395
Building by a.-Clty of Rome. ^396
See OMENS in toe.
AUSTERITY.
Example of a.-Younger Cato. ^397
Monkish a. In Egypt. ♦398
vs. Profligacy-Stuarts restored. ♦399
Religious a.-Rev. John Newton. ♦400
" "-PrlsclUlanlsts. ^401
" -Monks, A.D. 370. ^403
MlBCellancoua croaa-referencea.
Amusements suppressed by P.
Hurtful a.-Unnecessary.
Imagination Inflamed by a.
with LlcentlousnesB-Spartans.
Reaction against a. -Puritans.
Refuge In a.-Melancholy.
Religious a. -St. Francis.
" -Puritans.
" -Pascal.
" " -Pillar saints.
(t li u ti
" " -ineffective.
" -Rev. Bramwell.
in Vlrtue-Stoloal.
See SEVERITY.
Disgraceful s. -James Bagge.
Parental s.-Roman.
1169
2090
ul37
303
3563
3364
4807
4681
4706
6018
4770
5085
5848
♦5123
♦5124
for Cowardice-Brother's. 1873
Cruel s.-Aurellan. 4578
Governmental-Edward Floyd. 4568
Merciful s.-Crom well's.
Parental s. -Luther's father.
Reaction of s.-Aurellan.
" " -Commodus.
Success by s.-Peter the Great.
AUTHOR.
Humillated-Prederlck the G.
Rapid a.-Samiiel Johnson.
Unnotlced-Humlllated-S. J.
4577
4573
1542
1591
2875
♦403
♦404
♦405
MiacellaneouH ciosa-references.
Fame, Sudden-Byron. 2057
Rebuked for adulation. 2156
Shameful a.-Patrons. 1485
Successful a. -Exceptional. 3286
AUTHORS.
Miscellaneous croas-referencea.
Importunity of a.-Patrons. '98
Unappreciated. -Milton-C, etc. 630
AUTHORSHIP.
Anxieties of a.-S. Johnson. ^418
Imputed a.-" Margaret N." ♦419
Originality in a.-Thomas J. ^480
Qualified a.-The Stamp Act. ^481
Reward of a.-Flnancial-J. M. •4»
MlaeelUneoua croaa- references.
Certified- Youthful-Bryant.
Confusion in reputed a.
Inferred-LIbellous.
Prohibited Judges-Comedy.
Responsibility for a.-Regrets.
Rewarded liberally-Pope.
Supposititious a.-Libellous.
Sec LITERATURE in he.
AUTHORITY.
Absolute a. necessary In war.
" " -Early Romans.
" " -Turks.
Acknowledged a.-Franks in G.
Assumed-Oliver Cromwell.
Dependence on parental a.-H.
by Gentleness-Joan of Arc.
Imprudence with a.
Necessary a. -Military.
Personal a.-Am. Indians.
Popular a.-Cliaa. L humiliated.
Supreme a.-Joan of Arc.
2320
3771
1167
3038
1249
3317
1106
•406
♦407
♦408
*409
*4]0
*411
♦118
♦413
♦414
♦41S
♦416
"417
MlacellaneouB cioBB-refcrencea.
Arbitrary a.-£dward I. 710
Autocratic a. of Henry VIII. 424
" '■ " Pompey. 423
Beneficial, Arrogated a.-Popes. 4308
Bought with money-iaylla. 3877
by Character- Aristldes. 760
Command without a. 4041>
Common a. -Spartan c.-Horses. 808
Conflicting a.-Capt.Wadsworth.3956
" -Inspiration. 889a
Confusion of a.-Gov't of Acre. 2415
Delegated to the Pope-Indulg. 827
Dlsregarded-Pope Innoce't III. 4934
Divided a.-Failure. 975
Greatest act of personal a. 4741
Intolerable to Am. Indians. 3780
Investment r :. a.-R. censor. 746
Parental a.-Perfect-Harmf ul-H. 806
Possession oi a.-Cromwell. 881
Power gives a.-Joyce. 4368
Recognition of a. by sjrmbols. 173
Representative of a.-I. H. VI. 790
Sjrmbol of a. lost-Seal. 506O
Unrecognized by Charles I. l.'iOO
Usurpation of a.-Pretext. 2855
See GOVERNMENT and
OBEDIENCE in loc.
AUTOCRAT.
Military a.-Pompey. •423
Royal a.-Heiiry VIII. ♦434
See RULER in loc.
AVARICE.
Acquired habit-S. Johnson. ♦ISS
of Clergy-15th century. •426
Contempt for a. of Ruflnus. •427
Corrupted by a.-Romans. * 488
Criminal a.-London tailors. *429
Deception of a. -Henry VII. ♦430
Demands of a.-Henry VIL ♦431
Glory in a.-Cato the censor *433
Official a.-John of Cappadocla.*4.33
Punished a. of Crassus. ♦434
Royal a.-Henry VIII. ♦436
" " -Wm. the Conqueror. ♦436
" ' " -George II. ♦487
-J. M. •4ak
erences.
int. 2389
3771
1167
3038
3317
1166
•406
♦407
•408
:s In G. ♦409
sll. *4]o
a.-H. ♦411
re. *4i2
♦413
♦414
♦41&
lated. ♦41ft
•417
ences,
710
[II. 424
423
opes. 4308
3877
760
404»
'ses. 808
orth.,S96S
2893-
ore. 2415
Ulg. 827
HI. 4934
975
4741
3780
740
i-H. 806
821
4362
8. 173
I. 790
506O
l.-TO
8855
•423
♦424
AWAKENING— BATTLK.
rco
Ruled by a.-Commodus. *4.38
Shameful a.-Courtlers of J. II. ♦439
Supremacy of a. -Confederates. ^440
Miscellanooua croHS-refercnces.
Appeal to a. of James I.
Conflsoations to-C'allt?ula.
vs. Contempt-Uomaus.
Craze of a.- Gold-seekers.
Crimes of a. suppressed.
Degraded by-Theodora.
Endangers the State-Eng.
Euthnslasra of-Gold-seekers.
Forgotten-Rebuilding temple.
Heartless a.-Rome-Famino.
Incapable of-Alexander.
an Instrument, not an end.
Reputation lost by a.-Demos.
Royal a.-MaxImin.
Shameful a.-Courtlers of J. II.
of Slavery-English Prisoners.
Victims cf-Gold-seekers.
" -Official.
War by a.-East India,
with Wealth-Pythius.
4478
1352
5757
2388
3655
1583
1615
2389
863
2079
1673
3080
672
1049
607
5183
2390
2.103
5879
4881
Woman's a. -Court of James II. 6041
Miscellaneous croas-references
Spiritual-Bunyan.
1180
a
569
-Terrible-Bunyan.
5160
-Mrrtin Luther.
1178
-Terrifying-Nelson.
1189
" -Bunyan.
1191
-A. Clark.
1181
-Bartley Campbell.
4103
-H. D. Gough.
1179
-Misery in.
1193
-Melancholy-Fox.
3564
-by Prayer.
1188
-Unhappiness by.
1198
AJVIE
Effect of a.-Persian king. ♦441
Silence of a.-Battle of the Nile.^442
See REVERENCE.
Excessive r.-Wm. Pitt.
Filial r. -Alexander,
for Parents. -Ancients.
Religious '•.-Pagans.
♦4867
♦4868
♦4869
♦4870
AWKtVARDNESS.
And Agllity.-Poet Shelley. ♦443
Exhibited-Etiquette. 1586
BABE.
Miscellaneous eross-roferencee.
Influence of b. -Pardon. 4001
Supposititious b. -Believed. 3913
See INFANTS.
in Ileaven-Swedenborg. ♦2818
BACHEIiOR.
MiRcellancoua croas-references.
Relief for b. -Negotiator. 3461
t'nhappy b. -Noble-Kosciusko. 3341
BACHELORS.
Dlscarded-Council of Ancients. ^444
Forced to marry-Rome. ^445
•■unlshed-Spartans. ^446
BALDNESS.
Illustrated by b.-Emp. Carus. ^447
BANISHmENT.
Inhuman-Colonists of Arcadia. ^448
3968
5038
4117
4145
3969
3630
Miscellaneous crojs-referenccs.
by Ballot-OOOO-Atbenians.
Cruel b. of H. Williams.
Priests from Ireland.
Sudden liasty b.-Vuudois.
UnJ ust-Ostracism
Voluntary-L. Bonaparte.
BANNER.
Mlscallancous cross-references.
Devotion to-Mohammedan. 2567
Inappropriate-Paschal Lamb. 5845
of Industry-Leather apron. 8811
Influence of b.-Mexican. 4088
Rescued by valor-Cadiz. 651
Shocking b.-Mary Stuart. 5110
Slgniflcant-" Don't tr'd on me." 3939
BANK,
Cross-reference.
Prejudice against national b. 4409
BANKERS.
riundered-Jewish-Eiigland. ^449
Prejudice against b.-Lombards.*4B0
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Injustice to b.-Charles IL 2892
Patriotic b.-R. Morris. 3059
Prejudice against Jewish. 449
BANKRUPTCY. .
Predicted-National-British. ' ^451
Cross-reference.
Courage in b.-Sir Walter Scott. 98
BANaVET.
Extravagant b. -Court of R.
♦453
Cross-reference.
Prevented by death-Mrs. J.
See FEAST.
Ale-feast of old England.
Banquet of death.
" -Indians.
Deception in display.
Drunkenness usual.
Extravagant f. -Roman,
of Fools and asses-C.-I.-F.
Humiliation at a f .-Goldsmith
Painful thoughts at a f.
Wedding f .-Grandsons of T.
BAPTISM.
Procrastinated-Christlan pros.
105
1740
1404
1425
3708
2982
2923
.■«71
8,50
2664
2645
741
453
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Second b. -Roger Williams. 454
Trust in b.-Vices. 4724
BAPTISTS.
Pioneer of B.-Roger Williams. ^454
BARBARITY.
to Animals-Horses-18tb Cent. ^455
BARBER.
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Ostentatious b. rebuked. 1667
Superlative-lOOO-Constantine. 3903
BARBERS.
Surgical b.-Eng.-lOth century. *i!A
MltccUaneous croia-refcrences.
Carelessness of b. punished-L. 738
Surgeons in lOtli century. 454
BARGAIN.
Foolish b.-lndians. ♦4,57
Misccllr .leous crossri'fereiicos.
Aversion to making a b.-J. Watt.689
Confirmed by alms.
by Distress of owners-M. C.
Satisfactory b. -Trinkets.
See liUSINESS in loc.
BARRICADE.
Cross-ri'fi'ri'iice.
Unsuccessful b. of chains.
BASENESS.
Matrimonial b.-IIenry VIII.
4300
683
5771
60B
♦458
MIscellani'ous cross-references,
Bastard-Self-coiiressed-Ferd. 2068
Dastardly b. -Author. 1485
.SeeDEl'KAVITY in loc.
BASTARD.
(_'ros8-reft'rence.
Self-confessed-Ferdinand. 8066
BATH.
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Health restored by-Napoleon.
Involuntary-Prison b.
Licenfcious-Sexes-Spartan.
Perilous b. of Ale:;andei.
" -Young Arnold.
Renewing-Fountain of Youth
BATHS.
Common b. of Romans.
Magnificent b. of Romans.
BATTLE.
Bloodless b.-Brenneville.
" " -Fort Sumter.
Bloody b.-Towton.
Cry in b.-Naseby.
Decisive b.-Chseronea.
Disparity in b.-Arbela.
Famous b. -Marathon.
" " -Mantinea.
Great b.-Austerlitz.
" " -Cressy.
" " -Aglncourt.
" " -Blenheim.
" " -Jena.
" " -Leuthen.
" " -Navarino.
" " -The Nile.
" " -Rossbach.
■' " -Trafalgar.
" " -Ulm.
" " -Vittoria.
" " -Wagram.
" " -Waterloo.
Ineffective-Island No. 10.
Preparation for b. -Hastings.
Religion in the b.-Siege of D.
Terrific b.-Mobile Bay.
Useless b.-New Orleans.
3552
1385
6137
1048
2122
6196
♦459
♦460
♦461
♦462
♦463
♦464
♦465
♦466
♦467
♦488
♦469
♦470
♦471
♦478
♦478
*474
♦47»
♦476
♦477
•478
♦479
♦480
♦481
♦482
♦483
♦484
♦485
♦48»
♦487
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Bloody naval b.-Paul Jones. 1748
UATTLE-CUV— HENEVOLKNCK.
! i
i i
Coarage in b.-Maroiua. 1333
Declslve-Short-Atflncourt. 3H.'i4
Disparity of losses-N. O. 8331
Eairerness for b. -Stone ballot. IMO
Hard'fouKht b. of Crecy. SO"
Important-Paisalia. 301
Lost-No amniunition-S. 3330
Naval-AIabama-Keargarjfe. 3WI9
I'erlla of b.-Napoleoii at Arcis. 047
" " Lodl. (H8
rnlnteresting b. to Dr. Ilai • ey. 0^8
I^seless b.-Freilerlcksburg. KWfl
Youthful-Cromwell anil Cha8.I.U203
BATTLE-CRY.
Mlscclliiiu'iius erii8»reference».
of Crusaders-" God wills It." asa'i
" Puritans-" God la with us." 404
BATTLK-FIEIiD.
Fruitful b.-Hlood-fattened. *.188
BATT1.BS.
Decisive b. -Fifteen.
BKARD.
Slgnincant b.-\Valter Scott.
*489
•490
Mil ocllaneoua cronn-referc'ices.
Changed by b. -Lincoln advised. 6102
of Cowards-Half-ehaven. 1280
Golden (Red) b. of Henry VIIL 03
Indignity to-Caesar. 2796
Vow to leave unout-Soott's f. 490
BEARDS.
Characteristic b. -Lombards. *491
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Legislation to shave. 1735
limited use of b. -Franks. a502
Long-Lombards. 1565
Pride in populous b.-Julian. 2501
Shaven-" lie against faces." ,3.370
Trimmed for battle-Alexander.2500
BEAUTY.
Common b. of Flemings. ♦492
Per.fonal b.-Mahomet. *493
Promoted by b.-Geo. Villiers. ^494
Self-asserted b.-Sylla. ♦495
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Architectual b.-Ionio order. 281
Arlistic b. of Kuphael's work. 346
of Benevolence-Lincoln. 514
Competition in b. for marriage. 3485
Dangerous b. -Maiden. 4.536
" " -Woman's-M't. 32J2
vs. Death-Garbage or Park. .3828
Effective b. of Poppaja.
Endangered by-Women.
" " -Virginia.
Fascinating b.-Mary Stuart.
Female b.-Zenobia.
Flattered-Aged Q. Elizabeth
2819
2211
3973
0089
2684
Heartless b. -Countess of Carlisle 109
Helpful-Mediation. 3998
Highly estimated-Elizabeth. 4.329
with Infamy-Nero. 196
Perils of b.-Montfort. 18.58 \
Person vs. Character. 4024 j
Prostituted to shame-T'odora. 45;i3 ,
Simpltoity requisite to b. 281
vs. Utility-Architecture. 5701
Antiquity of b. -Germans. ♦490
Ses INTEMPERANCE and TEM-
I'EKANCE in loc.
BEGGAR.
Honorable b.-M. Luther. ♦497
Literary b.-Engiish. ♦498
Miscellaneous cross-references.
An impressive b.-" an old s."
Ueligious b.-Luther.
Royal b>.-IIenry III.
It H (1 II
Rulermado a b.-John.
Unknown a.Tiong Am. Indians.
BEGGARS.
Malicious b.-Englaud 10th C.
Professional b.-Monks.
Punished-England-Whipped.
" -England-Slavery.
Scheme for b.-Count Rumford,
90
4)56
1204
1266
2212
677
♦4n9
*:m
♦501
♦.'>02
♦,503
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Cruelty toward Scotch b. .5893
Headquarters for b.-London. 1293
Nobility reduced to b. 2210
Numerous-One-flfth-England. 4360
Prevented by law-Solon. 4359
Punishment of b.-England. 2.03
BEGINNING.
Discouragement at the b. *504
Pious b.-Reformation. *.5()5
Small b.-Am. Revolution. ^506
" " -Roman Kevolution. ^,507
" " -"Massacre of Vassy."^508
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Bad b.-Success after. 2023
Ceremony at b.-a city-Anclents.897
Defeat at b.-Success after. 2024
Failure at the b.-Demosthenes. 2021
Hesitation at the b.-Moham. 870
Humble b.-Yale College. 1783
Unpromising b. -Ministry.
BELLS.
Impressive b.-Napoleon.
Substitute for b. -Muezzin.
1860
♦.'iOO
*510
BENEPACTOR.
Praise of b. -A. Lincoln. *',n
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Exiled- John Kay. 2992
Wronged I A'hitney. 2991
BENEFACTORS.
Opposed-James Hargreaves. ^512
BENEFICENCE.
Cross-reference.
False b. of Charles 11. 2751
BENEVOLENCE.
Access by b.-Joliii Howard. *513
Beauty of b.-A. Lincoln. ^514
Blessing on b. -Oswald. *515
a Business-J. Howard. ♦SlO
Christian b.-Blshop Ken. *517
" " -Carthaginians. ^522
Conscientious b.-Jo)ia Wesley. ♦518
" -Mary Fletcher. ♦SIO
" -Lady Huntingdon. ♦SOS
Disinterested b.-S. Johnson. 'SSI
Enforced by (Ine-Ei^cland. ♦Saa
Example of b. -Mahomet. ♦534
Excessive b. -Sewing-girl. ♦.526
by Faith. -Geo. Mllller. ♦520
Forced b. -Duke of (Julse. ♦.527
Frustrated by James 1 1. ^528
Genuine b.-Cathorine W. ♦.531
" " -Dr. Wilson. ♦.5.30
Generous b.-Cimon. ^.529
Incorporated forb.-ColonyofG. ♦.532
Injurious b -Constantlne's. ♦5a3
Insulted-A. Lincoln's b. ♦.534
an Investment-Spinners. ♦535
Joy of b.-A. Lincoln. ♦.53ft
" " " -Faraday. *537
Large b.-Huguenots. *53S
Ministerial b. -Thomas Coke. ♦539
Misconstrued-Dr. Bateman's. ♦540
Powerof b.-John Howard. ♦541
Premature b. -Goldsmith's f, ♦542
Pure b.-Goldsmlth's. ♦543
Religious b.-Mahomet. ^544
" -Bp. of Acacius. ^545
" " -Lady Huntingdon. ♦54ft
Royal b. -Emperor Trajan. ♦547
Self-sacrificing b. -Howard. ^548
Systematic b.-John Wesley. ♦&19
aTest-"GlvlnK-Llving." ♦SSO
Treasure of b.-Epitaph. ♦SSI
Unwise b.-" Jenny's Whim." ♦SBi
" " -Creating poverty. ♦SSa
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Bargains confirmed by b. 4300
Christian rule in b. 4335
of Deity-Socrates. 4550
Duty of the rich. 4880
" " man, Chief-Stoics. 3.394
Enforced by Church-England. 4295
Experience prompts b. 4355
Extorted " B."-Henry VIIL 430
"B. "-James I. 523
" offertory of b.-D. of G. .538
Extortion misnamed b. 2003
" 2005
Faith sustained-Miiller. 20.35
not Hereditary-Howard. 2.5.52
Grand b. of Duke of Orleans. 227
llonored-J. Howard. .3650
Joy of b.-Rev. J. Newton. 3077
Life ending in b.-Dced. 2475
Misapplied b.-Maklng beggars. .500
National to-Perseciited French. 3294
Noble b.-John Pounds. 5045
Perverted by misuse of funds. 420
Pleasure in b.-Howard. 4193
Popularity sought by b. 4321
Practical b. -Prisoners' debts. 14,59
" -P. Cooper. 1828
Restrains vice-Gambling. 2268
Reward of b.-Foundling child. 781
Royal b.-Titus-Honored. 4307
.Scheme of b. -Colony of Ga. 4299
Selfsacrlflcing-Jesuits. 3018
Spirit of b.-Perioles. 4765
System of b. to poor. 4295
Systematic-J. Howard. .3650
Theoretical b. -Seneca. 4657
Trust in b. rewarded-Moham. 39
Uneducated b -Labor of o. 804
on. 'SSI
d. ♦ssa
*im
*S85
•888
•887
•588
♦581
♦580
•520
•0fG.*58*
!. 'SM
*534
•586
•58»
•587
•58»
e. *53a
11 '8. *54»
♦641
f. •542
♦54a
♦544
I. *5iS
don.^548
♦547
♦548
♦549
♦550
♦551
" ♦SSi
y. ♦553
4300
4335
4550
4880
339)
4395
4355
430
52.3
f G. :>:i8
•,'003
3005
3035
2.5.52
327
3(550
;»T7
2475
■s. ,500
'h.2394
5045
436
4192
4.331
14.59
1838
2368
781
4307
429»
3018
4765
4395
;i650
4657
32
804
VnHurpassed b. Hlgliop Coke. 1.570
Zeal In b.-Whltetlel<l. 8039
.'^(■c .\LMS.
for StnigKlers -Walter Scott. 90
See (;HAU1TY.
for the Dead-Bollngbroke. ^777
Dlstrusted-Joseph II. ♦778
Nobility of c.-Arlstotle. ^779
Wise c. of J. Howard. ^780
Wonderful o. -Woman's. ^781
Blegsln(?8-"IIiind never grow o
"515
Confiscated to avarice.
2079
in Conversation-Cato.
1170
a Crlme-EnKlUh law.
3111
" Dangerous c.-Ilomans.
.5218
vs. Hospitality of Britons.
3040
Hurtful c. -Labor degraded.
3099
Kule of Mohammedan c.
.5.14
Success by c. -Howard.
.513
Wise c. -Count Uumford.
.503
of Woraan-LjEta.
(KM4
See COMPASSION.
Discreditable c. -.Tames 11.
♦1005
Female c. -Indian girl.
•1006
Appeal to c.-Six burgesses.
46.39
Destitute of c.-Indian women
.2074
for Failure In life-Bums.
2027
Woman's-Characterlstlc o.
0045
Sec GENEROSITY.
Characteristic- Johnson .
26.59
Conceals vlces-SackvUle.
.3043
Destitute of g.-James II.
1005
Embarrassment from cost.
2263
Knemy's g.-Luther-Tetzel.
1888
Example of g.-J. Harvard.
2288
Extraordinary g.-Youthful.
2i)15
False religious g.
4707
Liberty of Am.-Lafayette.
3216
Noble g.-WiUiam Penn.
43.55
Offensive g.-IIumiUatlng.
23.56
Overwhelmed by g. -Napoleon
. 11,53
of the Poor-Plymouth Colony
2081
Suspicious g.-Tacitus.
2286
Wife's g. to husband-Mary.
5998
Sec (ilKTS.
of Atfectlon-Napoleim I.
♦2358
Bridal g. of Placidia.
*3;B9
?'ictitiou8 g.-Belisarius.
♦3.360
Kare g. for royalty.
♦3;}61
of Bible to Queen Elizabeth.
,571
Boldness in bringing g.-Jews.
4133
of Books- Valuable-Scarce.
m-i
Corrupting g.-Roman treats.
4343
Disdained by Saracens.
4663
For( f d g. for Mazentius.
376
' " to Charles L
3062
Generous bestowment-Alex.
.5099
Sickness cured by g.
5128
See GOODNESS.
Lasting glory of Agesilaus.
2.363
Greatness of g.-C. de' Medici
. 3477
Respected-John the Good.
2618
Sec GRATITUDE.
Expressed-Charles II.
•8404
" -8. Johnson.
♦2465
Improvident g. of Goldsmith.
♦3406
RKQUESTS— HKTUAYAL.
Inappropriate-Princes of Spain. 10.50
Prayer of g.-8llent. 4379
Reward of g.-General Grunt. 4H7H
for Sparing mercy of God-S. W. 119
Speechless-Peasant-Nap. 1158
Unexpected g. of Darius. 5378
Unpleasant consequences of g. ,54
Vow of g.-Llncoln's. 5800
" " "-An unjust. 5800
See GKATI'ITY.
Lafayette's noble g. of services. 170
See KINDNESS.
Kellglon of k.-Rev. J. Newton. ^3077
Conceals faults-Ilervey. 2405
Crime of k. to criminal. 4400
Reprimand of k. -Johnson. 4775
of Savages to Columbus. 2049
Spirit of k. -Pope to Howard. 145
See MERCY.
Provision for m.-A. Lincoln. ♦3588
Affection without mercy.
Despised by Jeffreys.
Lack of m.-Old England.
Odious m. of James II.
Pleading for m. -Calais.
See SYMPATHY,
by Experlence-S. Johnson.
Freaks of s.-Napoleon I.
for Friendless-Lincoln.
Mutual s.-Napoleon I.
for Poor-Lincoln.
Religious s.-Puritans.
Unmanned by a. -Columbus.
3002
3068
2800
3997
4639
♦.5493
*54!M
♦.54^15
♦5496
♦.5497
♦.5198
♦5499
Christian g.-Benevolence. 525
Genuine g. to Lincoln. 514
Beggars' arts-London. 1393
Denied offenders-Old England. 2860
Eccentricity of s.-Napoleon I. 3,578
Enraged by s.-Fred. William, xm
Female s.-Lucy Hutchinson. 6105
" -Joan of Arc. 0104
Power of s. -Pardon. 4001
Prayerful s.-Wife of Martyr T. 079
Suffering In s.-Dr. Mott. 5417
Various forms of s. for W. Scott. 98
Sot- PKKSENT inloc.
BEQUESTS.
for Spiritual benefits.
Cross-reference.
of Wlfe-by Athenians.
See LK(iACY.
for Churches.-1.5th century,
of Political advice-Augustus.
See LEGACIES.
Christian 1. to Church.
Eagerness for 1. -Romans.
Enriched by 1. -Cicero.
SeelNHERITANOB in loc.
BEREAVEIflElVT.
Comfort in b. -Cromwell's.
Depression by b.-Southey.
Distress of b.-A. Lincoln.
Fictitious b.-Queen Anne.
Forgetting b.-Johnson"s r.
Memory of b.-Wordsworth.
Tears of b.-Danlel Webster.
Weakness in b. -James Watt.
♦5.54
5995
,5.51
100
♦3183
♦.3184
♦3185
♦5.55
♦556
*5.57
*.5,58
♦559
♦,500
♦561
♦502
771
')f children better than ruin of o,7M
^onifort In b. -Johnson. 5312
Consolation In 1) -(iod lives. 1428
" -Mohammnian. 1.508
with Financial ruin of W. s, utt. 9-«
(irief in b. of amotlier-Sertorlus.llS
" punished with death. 2881
" of Jefferson. 8486
Husband's b.-Gen. Jackson. 6080
vs. Living sorrow. .5267
Madness by b.-.\lexander. 1428
Melancholy from b.Cowper. 8091
of Mother-(Jrief .Holitnde. £289
Mourning in b -Graded. 3786
Religion by b,-A. Lincoln. 829
Repeated -Washington Irving. 3351
Shock of b.-Wiiliam lU. 6077
Sorrow of b. -President Jackson. 105
Sorrows of b -Frederick II. 3632
Treasures In b. -Walter Scott's. Ill
See WIDOW.
Benevolent w. punished. 0.56
Noble son of a w. -Washington. 0198
See WIDOWHOOD.
Consolation offered in w.-N. ♦5998
.See WIDOWER.
Foolish third w.-Mllton. .37.38
Hasty marriage of w. ;J481
Many times-Twentytwow. (W38
Marriage of young w.-by R. II. MAX
" w.-Hl-raated.
Second marriage approved.
See ORPHAN.
Successful o.-A. Hamilton.
Sec ORPHANS.
Adopted by the State-Soldler'.s
Hardships of o. apprentices.
See DEATH iii loc.
BETRAYAIi.
Cross-reference.
Unintentional b. -Missionary.
Sec APOSTASY.
Open a. of Uomanus.
Primitive a. by persecution.
3451
;M88
185
. 58
;3381
♦251
♦25a
Discreditable b. Protestant. 1936
Encouraged by law-Maryland. 4116
Explained-Inconslstency. 2774
Reaction of forced converts to a. 920
Required of officer. 1471
See APOSTATE.
Honored unwisely. 3177
Shameful a.-Justus. 13.5!)
See APOSTATES.
Forgiven by primitive C. *253
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Anguish of b.-Self-de8troying-R.67
Malice of a.-Kniglits Templars. 1939
-Julian's.
2549
.See SEDUCTION.
Ruinous scheme for s.
67
Severely punished-Aurellan.
4578
See TRAITOR.
Political t.-Mr. Huske.
♦5674
Punished by mother.
♦5675
Shameless t. -Sunderland.
♦5676
Indignation toward t.-Am. Rev.2795
Infamy of t.-Name changed. 3764
for Revenge-Corlolanus. 6101
See TREACHERY.
Baset.-PhllipVI. ♦sego
iji;ti{()Tiimknt-iU;.\simii:mv.
H
i
rotiHummatfl t. Cliarle.s II. *:ii'ilil
(ioUl for t.-Henedlct Arnold. ♦5(i!fJ
MoHsaftuof t.-Kinp. .Mi.xauder,*r>ill).'l
Conquest by t. -Septus over 0.
42
In Court Criminal.
58;w
Dtploniutlc t.- English.
17.V,'
})lHi(ul8ed-( 'ii-mir'a u.sMiis.sins.
itrn
-l-'rlendshlp.
a','i:i
of Frlond-Hrutus v.s. Cii'sar.
yH5-j
" " -Francis Hacon.
sh:>7
FrlendHlilp'st.-DlokTallxt.
;«(vj
InfuniouH t.-.\m. Uovolutlon.
ii:)0
" " -Pausunlu.i.
!)r-,'i
Injfratc's t. -Burton.
)iHW
Massacre by t.
♦ar.2()
National t.-KuRlund to Franc
e. 0«1
Offlco by t.-Ktfocles.
3881
Offlclal t. to ColunibuH.
*89()0
I'roof aKitlu.st t.-Hcl!.sarlu8.
Ml-,'8
"Patriot.
40(;8
T'ropo.sal of t. rebuked.
40;,')
I'rovorbial-" Word of a klnjt.
" aoii
Sliaintful t.-.\Katlio(;les.
15;!8
Thwarted by exposure.
sr,iH
Umpire's t. -Edward I.
6ri(>
.^ee TREASUN.
Cry of t. -Patrick Henry.
*:>(m
Deflned-EnRland.
*rmr>
Incipient t.-\Var of 1813.
*m\)a
runlRliment of t.-Homans.
*rm7
Itetrlbutlou of t.-Uomans.
♦5608
4570
2007
4100
6101
2.560
*565
*5C6
*567
•568
Atrocious crime of t.
a Pretext for extortion.
by Kesentment-Uourbon.
-C. Marclus.
Tarnished by t.-B. Arnold.
BETROTHinENT.
Early b.-Sir Itobert Peel. *563
See MAKKIAUEm/oj.
BIBLE.
Adaptation of the B.-Col. C'onK.*564
Bible-reading forbidden-Enp. *586
Comfort from the B.-Captive.
Diffusion of the B.-Tyndale.
Discoveries in the B. -Luther.
Dlsplaced-By gloves-H. VIII.
Doubted- J. Bunyan's struggles. *569
the First American B. -Eliot's. *570
Gift of B. to Queen Elizabeth. *571
Imperilled by the B.-R. Hunne. *572
Incendiary B.-Bookseller's. ♦57.3
Indestructible-Persecution. ^574
Influence of the B.-Cromwell. ^575
Monopoly in the B.-Brit. pub's.*576
Omitted-Coronation of J. II. ^577
I'eople's B.-WycU£fe. ^578
Prohibition of the B.-Bngland. *570
" " " " -Necessary^580
Protected by the B.-.T. Knox. ♦SHI
Reverence for the B.-Indlans. *.585
Searching the B.-"Bible Motlis"*.'>83
Senses in the B. -Three senses. *rim
Stimulates-Persecution of S. J.*584
Comfort for prisoners.
from the B. -Cromwell
Ucstltiile of B.-Voung .MiUler.
Direction In duty by B.
Divinity of B. -Denial a criiDO.
Encoui'ag(tmunt Earthquake.
Inspires courage-Covenantor.
Interpretation of B. -strict.
Interpreters of B.-Falso.
Oppo.sltion to the B.-Tymlalo.
" -Catholic.
006
. :,.",
4712
;)<;i;)
2.-.66
1087
656
882!)
2I1KI
568
678
577
Polltlfal abiwo of B. 51 18
Power of its lilstorlcal books- T,. Kit)
4n5
176H
881
lUI
.<)616
81
57.-)3
Heading of B. -Ostentatious.
Ki'vealed In now light.
Rule ill civil gov't-Conn. Col.
Strength from B.-Cromwell.
Surrender of II. -Painful.
Tribute-" Is literature Itself."
Unattractive -Condemnation.
So.' (iD.si'Kl..
a Heavenly message Sailor.
Triumph of B.-Pagaidsm.
See SCUIl'TrKK.
Misused against Columbus.
.Seo I.VSI'IRATIOX in toe.
BIfJOTItV.
Disclaimed- Con t. Congress.
Papal b.-Plu8 V.
Protestant b. -Scotland.
Puritanic b.-E"igllsh Puritans.
Strange b.-Amerlcan Puritans
*2,-i08
*23!iy
♦5055
♦687
*588
*500
*501
Mlscellaneouii crosa-refercncjs.
In Benevolence- James II. 528
Blinded by b.-James II. 4085
Clerical b.-Country parson 2707
Display of b.-James II. 1906
Foolish b. of James II. 317
Harmonious b. -Bristol. 3606
Mortified by benevolence. 3720
Protestant b.-C. disfranchised. 732
Rebuked-Dr. Arnold's plea. 733
Religious b.-Turk vs. Persian. 5070
Rule of b.-James 11. 3540
See INTOLEKAXCE.
and Immorp.llty-Charlemagne. ♦2962
Protestant 1. to Romanists. ♦2063
Religious 1.-" Tender C's." ♦2904
Illustrious b. Ineffective Rupert.820
" " " -Sou of N. 507
Meaimess of b.-Plearro. 611
Misfortune by b.-( harlos I. .WiH
" "Pretender." 622.J
See II.I.E(irn.\IA(JV.
Respected -Will lam the Conq. ♦2785
Seol.MIEHlTA.NCE in loc
BISHOP.
Corrupted-Theodoslus. BD8
BISHOPS.
Honored by Germans. ♦699
See MINISTRY in loc.
BLArKmAiii.
C'rnsii-relV'rence.
Contribution Justified. 8008
Sef KXIORTIO.N iu loc.
BliAinB.
Mlrtcellaneoiis cross-references.
Assumed-Epamlnondas.
" -Generously-Lee.
Dlsowned-Church vs. King.
Knduranco of b. -Washington.
See AIMTSATIOX.
by Deception- Maxtmus Fablus.
Malicious a.-C. Wesley- V.
" " -.\lcxander.
a Pretext-Plundering the Jews.
" " for violence-R. III.
See BLOT.
Shameful b. -William Penn's.
of the Times-Ciesar's.
Sec COMPLAINTS.
Cliaraoteristlo c.-Palmorston.
(Croaker's o.-Bad times.
Dlsregarded-Romans.
Ill-temp 'od c. -Johnson.
Inconsiderate c.-Pericles.
Perilous c. of captives-Indians.
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Bound by the B.-Luther. 1092
Civil gov't by B. rule-Conn. 2151
Civilization advanced by the B. 836
Conscientious i. -England. 1000
Unexpected I. of Pilgrims. 501
See PREJUDICE and SUPERSTI-
TIOX in loc.
BIRDS.
Mi8celliine<Mis cross-references.
Augury by b. -Vultures. ,306
Encouragement by b.-Col'mb's.41.")5
BIRTH.
Accident of b.-N 'poleon.
Concealed-Mohammedan's.
Humble b.-Gabrlnl's.
" " -Diocletian's.
Superior to b. -Robert Burns.
Welcome b. -Napoleon's .son.
♦502
♦503
♦.504
♦505
♦506
♦597
Ml.scellaneous cross-references.
.\billties more than b. 2725
Caste of b.-Italians. 722
Celebrated shamefully. 1266
2855
3;wo
;i6i7
2342
. 701
702
1048
710
242
♦007
♦608
1.311
1315
3143
11)03
1769
565
Permission of c.-Denied. 1261
Useless 0. against his mother-A. 114
See CROAKING.
of Degeneraoy-Eng. Puritans. ♦ISIS
Habit of 0. about the weathor.^1316
See FAULTS.
of Friendf seen quickly. 2231
Kindness conceals f.-Hervey. 2465
Overlooked in Burnet. 2708
" friends. 2230
See ORUMBLINn.
over Failures of Ad. Nelson. ^2490
See CENSURE and SLANDER
in loc.
BLASPHEmir.
Miscellaneoua cross-references.
by Comparison to Christ. 1958
Punishable by death-Maryland. 4?29
See PROFANITY.
Irrepressible-Washington's. ♦4480
Punished by Puritans. *4481
Ruinous p. -French infidels. *4482
Suppression of p.-C. Wren. ♦448:J
Clerical p. -Wm. Grimshaw. 3708
Female p.-Queen Elizabeth. 763
vs. Prayer-Andrew Johu.son. 4.38"
Reproof of p. resented. 4033
•Sec SWEARING.
Admired-Gen. (-'haries Scott. ♦54a5
Reproof for s.-John Bunyan. ♦5486
Substitute for profane s. 4H
See OATH in loc.
BLESSINCJ— nOOIC.
■;;{
698
*899
8008
1U8. 701
702
1048
vs. 710
s-ia
*607
*608
. 1311
1313
3143
1593
1769
a. 565
1261
A. 114
BLESSINO.
Dlabollciil b.-Luthor's. ♦000
DlHiliil ued ( iitlK >l Ics by V. ♦«)1
DUifUlsL'd-l'uptiirc of Uen. Leo. ♦002
CrdiH-rcfiTPnce,
An old iniiira b. on .1. Howard.
BLINDNUSS.
Dlsqiiiillflud by b.-KlnRH.
by Study Joliii Milton.
401
402
403
1748
1245
5789
2162
1001
13;i7
4823
1282
1288
1238
.688
3973
1235
102
974
885
♦607
3212
♦608
♦609
3570
♦010
BODV.
Crlpplcd-Tliiioiir the 'I'artar.
Perfect b. -American Indians.
145
♦(;o:i
♦(i04
297
♦005
♦000
Uraveryof Klnft Ullnd John,
BLOCKADE.
by f'hiiin8('onstan'i)lo by M.
of I )' nth ( 'orpHfs ( u'sar.
BLOOD.
.MiiicclliiinMnis cr(>«9-r(!fi'ri'nci'
Rattle without shoddlnjf b.
" -Uloodless -Sumter.
" -Bloody-Towton.
" -Paul Jones.
Blood for blood.
Crying for venfteanco.
Flowers In b.-\Var of fioses.
Land of b. -Kentucky.
Monster for b.-Tlmour.
Responsibility for b.-Fred. II
Sacred b. of Chrlst-Rellc.
for Sacrlflce-Uomans.
Siprht of b. Intimidating.
Tears of b. -Barbarians-Slashed
of Vengeance. -Virginia.
See OLADIATORS.
Courage of despair.
Instruction of g. In brntality-R
Introduction of g. to Rome.
Suppression of exblb. of g.-M.
Sec ATONEMENT in loc.
BLOT.
Shameful b.-Wllllam Penn's.
" " -M.'s adultery,
of the TImes-Cffisar's.
See FAULT in loc.
BLUNDER.
by Inattention-Goldsmith.
(^roas-reference.
Mortifying b. of Goldsmith.
See ERROK in loc.
BOARD.
Prayers exchanged for b.
See EATING in loc.
BOASTING.
of Pride-Bajazet. *G11
Ridiculous-" Great Twalmley."*612
Senseless b.-American Tory. ♦613
Vain b.-Perslan immortals. *614
Crosrt-references.
Boasting of powcr-Pompey. 4305
Intimidating b.-Turks. 1896
See BOMBAST.
Rebuked-" Jupiter" M. ♦eiS
Ridiculous b. of James II. ^619
See POMPOSITY mid SELF-CON-
CEIT in loc.
BOATS.
CroBS-tcferencc.
Extemporized-Sklns. 2333
See SHIPS in Mp.
MlHCCllatU'Oiis oronH-rcferences.
Dishonored-Uuflnus manglod
Kilucation of h. Romans.
Form(!d by food Spartans.
Hardened by method.
Marked-Hand Ilrow.
vs. Mtnd-Columbus.
" -William P. of Orange.
Neglerted-Napoloon I.
Reveals the mind-Lean men
Self-mutilated b.-Cowards.
Soul sustains the b.
Subjugated-Monkery.
See ANATO.MY.
Ridiculous theory of-Aristotle.
Sec ATHLETE.
Remarkable a.-Tliracian.
Royal a. -Henry II. of Franco.
Soldiers vanquished by c.
1022
♦015
Sec I'-XCK.
♦610
Winsome f. of Kdward IV.
See II A IK.
47
■«.
Clianifcd In curly life
♦2490
. 427
Manly h. First cutting.
♦2,500
50V2
I'riilc ill h. Lnipi'roi-.lulian,
"j.vn
2179
Princely stylo of h. Franks.
"■rioy
■.]-X
Uidiculcd " Ifuundhcad,"
'2.50:1
5214
Uncombed Harald 11.
*2,'XM
♦;159H
I'se of Grace -Terror -Sp'rt'ns
♦2S05.
e.+;i599
1982
Beauty In h. Syllu (iolil.
41)5
203
Memento nf vengeance.
48^17
.5210
S,c MAM).
,5271
Punished Bishop ( numicr.
1249
3081
Sti' II.\M)S.
Strong a.-Peter Jefferson.
" " -Georgo Washington.
Sm,. athletes.
Early training of a.-Persian.
" " " " -Spartans.
Education of a.-Roman.
Female a. -Spartans.
Military-Roman.
Trained-Roman soldiers.
See BKANDINCi.
of Criminals-London.
See CANNIBALISM.
Christian c.-Crusadors.
See CANNIBALS,
in Famine-France.
" " -California.
See CORPSE.
Dangerous c.-Napoleon's.
Revenge on c. of Concinl.
" " " -Ignoble.
Sleeping in room with c.
See CORPULENCE.
Distinguished for c.-L. VI.
Inactlvo-CJharles tlie Fat.
See CREMATION.
Kindness in c.-Pompey.
Opposed-Bodies preserved.
Popular c. of Csesar's body.
See DWARFS.
Lunar beings-Swedenborg.
See EARS.
Amputated e. -Punishment.
Importance of c. -War.
Insult by boxing e.
Trophy in amputated e.
See EYE.
Dlsfigured-S. Johnson's.
6010
♦388
♦;«9
.5358
.5.359
1770
1817
1778
1817
1827
5072
129(i
*70(;
2077
■M7'.t
2839
48.50
4851
5207
♦1198
♦1199
22.53
2252
2251
20.58
2010
5887
27
59.39
♦2017
Accident kills Henry II. of France.28
Blind, Convenieiitly-Nelson.
Deflcient-Samuel Jolmson.
Destroyed in anger.
Wounded in tlie e. -Harold.
Sec EYES.
Useless e. -Siamese junks.
1901
3202
3204
,391
2018
Fortune in li.-.\mr llic Arab. *2,507
Hundred h.-.Kga'on the giant. *250«
Deceived-Mirage. 1.521
Destroyed by tyrant. 1335
-Captives-Basil. 1342
Moral protection of e. -Monks. 402
Calloused prove lumcsty.
2808
Co'icealing h. -Safety liy.
1049
See HEAD.
Elongated-PerlcU.'S.
1497
See MI'Tll.ATIUN.
of Agriculturists by 'I'heodor
c. 104
by Cowards Romans.
.5240
Punishment by ni. Scots.
.5791
Revenge by in. -Coventry.
4857
Self-ni. for deceptlim.
,5.'il8
Soldiers supported by State.
5243
See NAKEDNE.SS.
Philosophers n. -Persian.
2393
Scandalous n. -Fanatic.
2094
" " l^uakers.
3502
.See PHVSUirE.
Proof by p.-.\mbassador.
♦4172
Feebleness of p. overcome. ;j69i>
Perfect p. -.American Indians. 811
See AUSTERITY, BURIAL, CURE,
DISEASE, EATING, HEALTH, RES-
URRECTION, SENSE.S SKULL ami
TEETH in lor.
BOLDNESS.
Verbal b.-Goldsmith's. ♦617
Miscellaneous croas-rcrerences.
Clirl.stian b.-Teiemachus.
for Rights.-Capt. Wadswortb.
" tlio Truth. -John Howard.
Unequalled b. -Cromwell.
See COURAGE in loc.
BOMBAST.
Rebuked " Jupiter " M.
Ridiculous b. -James II.
See BOASTINfi in lor.
BONDS.
Inflated-Franco Louis XIV.
See FINANCE in loc.
835
4907
5721
4874
♦CIS
♦01!»
*fi2t>
BONUS.
Crnss-reference.
for Bribery rejected-I. Newton. COO*
BOOK.
Present to Petrarch. *62I
Undelivered-S. Johnson's. *622'
Miscellaneous croBs- references.
Borrowed-Recompense for. 40.3r>
Immense b.-Homer. 3241
774
BOOKS.
Buriiod by ImiiKmaii.
Dciirth iif b. KriKlaiid.
DUInu b. /uiidavtistii.
Kiiolmiitod by I). W. Irvlnf{.
ForbUldou b. KiiKlaiid.
I'aMsloii for b. Dr. Uurvny.
I'ublluiitlon of b. restricliHl.
UtiJ''<''i'd Mllton'H ("».,uti;.
liuliKloiiH b. Miimuel .Johnson.
Buarcliy t>( b. Kuropu.
•tWii
•OJT
♦«;.'«
♦ti3(t
♦(I'll
•OJW
MUcelltkiii'Oiia cruanrurvri'iicei.
Ambition aroiistxl by b. asJtW
Boys influencud by b. aT34
Burnud-AlcbtindHt'.s b. BOTO
Coiiduniiied l{ul<) for b. aaio
Dedication of b. to patrons. -lUS
Uestructlon of all b.-'l'. Piilne. KWV
Ddvll tested by b. Cot. .Mather. l,')t)7
Helpful b.W'fsley-I-ullier. 1W3
Thorough study of b.-Bunyan. HI
Valuable when scaree. m-i
.S.e LIUKAKIKS.
Ancient I. Arabian. *;w:W
Subscription 1. by B. Franklin. *3iJ3l)
Destroyed- Alcxandrlan-T.
Stolen l.-Yale < 'olleife.
See I.IHKAKV.
Destroyed at Alexandria.
" " Constantinople.
Founder of cIroulatlnK-B. F.
<Jlft of l.-John Harvard.
Small-Archbp. of Canterbury.
See NOVEL.S.
Contempt for n. -Napoleon I.
lieadluK n. Excitement.
See KKAt)IN(i.
Effects of r.-A. Lincoln.
5!»H
973
♦3a40
28.31
2'JHH
3180
♦3H2(i
*3)«r
*4020
Absorbed In r.-Shelley.
308H
Excitement In r. "Pamela."
3827
Profitable r.-A. Lincoln.
3570
Profitless vs. Profitable-Nap.
382t)
Swift r.-Poet Shelley.
3572
See AUTHOR, BIBLE, and
LIT-
ERATUKE in loc.
BOOTY.
Division of b. Trojan war.
*C33
See PLUNDER.
Lawful p. of Jews.
449
Wealth by p. Francis Drake.
3()59
See SPOILS.
Abundant s.-Roraair
*53M
" "-Constantinople.
*53I5
Dedication of s. -Pious.
♦5316
Division of 8.-Arabs.
♦5817
Almiidant s. -Blake-Spaniards. 2131
Corrupted by s.-Uomuns. 12!t8
Demoralized by s. -Soots. .5387
Sustained by s. -Confederates. 1063
See ROBBERY in loc.
BORROWKR.
See LOAN.
Hopeless \. to S. Joiinson. ♦3324
Refused by friend. 2224
See CREDITOR.
Merciless o. exposed. 18.55
BOOKS— IJKIMKUl.
Oppression by o. lufuDtlclilc. 2410
HestralDtMl by law. 57.'>U
.Si'u UA.NKKri'TCY in l«r.
BOV.
Enchanted b. David Crockett. "(VM
Prei^oclous b. TliemUtocles. *0;i5
' BenJ. I'Yanklln. •630
Ueformed b. -Davht Crockett. ♦037
Runaway b. BenJ. Franklin. ♦0.'18
"Scientific " b. U. StcplieuHon. ♦O.W
MlacellatieouA ero«»-ri'fi'ri'fici'i).
Enchanted by books IrvlnK. 026
Endangered by Kcnlus. Burns. 240
Fortitude of b.-Martyr. 4i;«)
Hallucination corrected. 2731
Honorable-Abraham Lincoln. AtAfS
Hope In 1). blasted Howard. 4(K)2
Independent b.ca'siir. 2788
luKcnlous b.-Ell Whitney. 88
" " -Newton. 3543
Manly b. In adversity. -H. Davy. 86
Name of b. fortunattvCiesar. 3772
Observing b.-W. Scott, " button." lit
3.').')2
2-103
261
♦040
♦641
♦642
Prodigy in rtjtures-Colburn.
rnKovernable b. HukIi Miller.
Unpromisinf; b.-Bp. UeorRo.
BOYHOOD.
Dull b.-Ollver (JoldsmiUi.
Humble b.-Plzarro.
Ingenuity in b. -Isaac Newton.
BOYS.
.MlBeellancoua cross-refereuees.
Friendship of b.-Byron.
Interest in b. -Luther.
Quarrels of b. useful.
See SON.
a Devoted s.-Confuclus.
like Mother-Nero.
Keconciling s.-Themlstocles.
2242
497
179
♦5259
♦5260
♦5201
Affectionate 8. -\Vm. Cowper. 110
"-Walter Soott. Ill
"-Caius Marclus. 112
"-SertorlustheK.G.113
"-Alexander. 114
" "-Napoleon I. 115
.\ntipathy of J. Howard's son. 122
Ashamed of his mother. 3722
Birth of s., Joy by. 4529
Destroyer of motlier-Nero. 1;M7
Disinlierited-RellKlon-Penn. 3970
Disobedience expiated. 1002
Dutiful s. in manliood. 3723
" "-.\lexander the Great. 3730
Grateful s. -Napoleon I. 3727
"-Nero. ;fi-21
Illegitimate s. honored. 3470
Ingrate s. -Matricide-Nero. 3743
" "-Nero. 1110
" "-Infamous. 3713
Mother makes the son. 2000
Ueformed by running away-C. 637
Rejected by father- Wm. Penn. 4745
Shameless s.-Prince Ferdinand. 5185
Wayward s. reclaimed. 6214
See SONS.
Ingrate s. of Henry IL 1634
" " 4005
Pride in s.-Mother's-Comella. 3728
See CHILDREN and YOUTH in loc.
BHANDINU.
CrimM-ri'Ifri'itci'.
of Criminals London.
BH.IVKHY.
In llaltle Persians.
" " Crusaders.
Brilliant b. Paul Jones.
' In DeathCol. F. McCullough.
I Example of b. -Napoleon.
Exploit of b. Napoleon.
Fearless b.-Wllllam II.
"-Colmel Moultrie.
Heroic b. -Robert Dovereux.
" -Richard (JrenvUlo.
Pre-eminence by b. Joan of A.
(iuery of b. Lacediumonlans.
Rewarded Paradise -M.
Youthful b. -Covenanter.
1296
♦t;i3
♦(M4
♦045
♦(MO
♦647
♦048
♦649
♦060
♦651
♦66!J
♦053
♦054
♦659
♦050
3828
got
3410
820
1491)
7<'
1922
3770
4508
810
5091
4059
1416
486
73
MUccliatieoua croui-referenceii
Answer of b.-Tlgranes.
of Barbaric warriors.
InBattlo.-Wni. Prince of O.
Decision of b.-Plzarro.
in Defonding life.
Enterprise of b. Nap's return.
Escape by b.~ Normans.
Example-" Kings never drown"1390
In Facing doath-Strafford. 1407
Famous for-Rlchard the Lion.
Honored-" Little corporal."
" -Colonel Mulligan.
Impressive b. Le Fort.
Patriotic b.-Am. Revolution.
(Qualified for immortality.
Sailor's b -Farragut-Malntop.
Soldier's b.-Lleui. Cusliing-A.
" -Blind John of Bohemla.297
" -Thebans-Sacred band. 465
Stlmulated-No escape. 1274
Woman's b.-Montfort. 0042
"-Purefoy. 6043
See PROWESS.
Military p. of Bellsarlus. ♦4501
See COURAGE in loc.
BREAD.
Public provision of b.-Roman8.^6,57
question of b. -Mob of Paris. ♦OSa
Set FOOD in loc.
BREVITY.
Famous b.-Cu;sar. ♦6.59
BRIBii.
-Mlaei'llaneoua cross-referenses.
Rejected by Nap.->800,000. 2:«7
" " patriot-Reed. 4075
I BRIBERY.
Condemned-Isaac Newton. ♦OOO
in Court-Eng.-for a Hearing. ♦GOl
Disguised by purciiase-Eng. ♦662
Legislative b. -£5000 for a Vote. ^603
" " -Commons. ♦664
" -Scotch P. ♦ees
" " -Necessary-Eng. ♦066
" "-Duke of N. ^667
Needy princes-German electors^OOS
Occasion for b. -Small pay. ♦OOS
Papal b.-Alexander VI. ^670
Perilous b. -Athenians. *67'»
Uejected-Samuel Adams. ♦676
Reproach of b. -Demosthenes. HTi
BHIDK— BHITAMTV.
776
1296
♦t;i;j
♦(HI
♦045
1. *(m
♦(U7
♦tiw
*(iii>
♦tJSO
*U51
. *85!j
A. *«63
H. ♦OM
♦OSS
♦Bsa
CCS.
3H3S
0()1
3410
*J0
U'J'J
n. "<'
loaa
vn"1390
1407
n. arro
4508
810
5001
11. 4050
1416
p. 480
A. r;i
♦4501
♦650
a.'«7
4075
♦660
♦061
♦66a
e. ♦663
♦664
♦665
r. ♦666
♦667
'rs^668
♦669
♦070
♦67 i
•676
•67a
HfHi'iitt-Ml Mtephun A. DoukIui. ♦678
Uoyiil b. clmrlrH II. ♦074
HueuliiK b. UuHNtfll. *07S
MlHcelhincoiiH cmim refcrenccit.
Dlot i,( \). KraiiclH Haoon. iai3, iai6
Urand of t>. " Dunkirk IIuumu/'SWI
Competition In b. IrlHh l"rlla'nt. 603
-Tliruo kIntCH. 068
('oiKlfliniu'd for b. Dumos'neM. 1477
of Dentil Hcailfort. 1 108
DlN)(uiM('(l Iloniift I. Nowton. 000
Kalluri! of b. Anilr<<. 1013
K«ar of b. by Mahomet II. aoa
ilabltuiil b. of Vcrreg. laio
of JudKes Catiline. laoi
" " -Tubllc Komiiiis. laiw
Offlelal-Sundorland-Seuretary. aaoo
of Offluliils by tiotlig. laoo
Proof aKAlnat b. I'ompey. aiH)6
Uulversiil h. Knifland. lai','
Unsuccessful Andrew Murvell. r.'i)7
Wealth by b. Sunderland. iai5
(*ee COKIUTTION /;i In,:.
HUIDE.
Misci'llitiieouH crosari'fi'reiuii'S.
Cold welcome to b. Seeming- 3(W6
DlOlculty Interposed-Cerberus. 3338
<llfts for b.-Gold-I*. 8tone,s. ZiM)
Preparations of b. -Refinement. 4(i4a
Remembered b. -Josephine. .3310
a Reward of valor. .3.385
WaltltiK fifteen years for-Cook. ,341)5
.■•le .MAKRIA(iE in l„c.
BROTHER.
MlBcelluiieous cro.fsreferi'iici'S.
Bloody b. -Caracal la. Iia3
Rejected for cowardice. 1^73
Tyranny of elder-Franklin's. 'iHiil
" 038
BROTHURHOOD.
Acknowiedfjed-.^m. Indians. ♦677
Miscella.iodus cross- rcforencen.
Artiflciai b -Old English Ruilds. 381
Proclalmed-Penn to Indians. 4094
.See COMMUNION",
with Ciod-Ollver Cromwell.
by Likeness-John Milton.
Unity by c. -Oliver Cromwell
See COMMCXISM.
American c. -Colonists.
Equality by c.-Lycurgus.
" " " -Spartans.
Vicious c.-Reign of Kobad.
♦0i)5
♦i»!tO
♦997
♦998
♦999
♦1000
♦1001
of Famllles-.spartans.
In Food-American Indians.
" " -Spartan tables.
" Land by early Romans.
Restoration of c.-Cleomenes.
See COMMUNISTS.
Conspicuous 0.-" Levellers."
Dangerous ( -" Levellers."
808
3649
218a
153
2445
♦1002
♦1003
Pleasure-seekers-England. 3335
Power of c.-Paria. 1270
See FELLOWSHIP.
In Suffering with Napoleon. 5707
See FRATERNITY.
Fictitious Louis and Cromwell. 2633
Wee KRIKND.
cliosen f. Alexander's.
or Foe .VgesiiaUM.
Ob.sequious f. Cu'sar's.
Ill Sickness Prince of Orange.
Sordid f. (loidsmllli's.
WiUconie f. Lufuyelle.
Wounded f.-" Stonewall J."
Bereaved of f. .Mexaiidcr.
BurdciiHome f. Drinkint;.
changed to foe Henry VIII.
Kxecuted by f.
of the Friendless- Lincoln.
Helpful f. of Demosthenes.
" " in adversity.
IrriUitiugf. Fred. II. -Voltaire
Neglected .Vnasagoras.
Polluting f. re,)ectcd.
Kulnous f. Ferguson,
in Sicknesit Samuel Johnson.
Treacherous f. Francis Bacon.
See FKIE.NDH.
in Battle Locked shields.
Compiemental f. -Ladles.
Discouraging f. -Luther's.
Faults of f. -Napoleon I.
Forsaken of f.-Nero.
Unllke-nailfax-Burnet.
.\buse of f. by Jokes.
Dangerous f. -Assusslnators.
Dead f. -Recognition of.
Desertion of f. -Washington.
Destitute of f.-Emperor.
Knomies clianged to f.
Forsaken by f.-Cajsar.
Impatience divides f.
in Misfortune-Diverse f.
Partiality to f.-Judge.
" " "-Ruler.
Ruinous f.-Mutually.
Sacrificed to ambition.
Sen FRIEN'DSIIII'.
Applauded-Nap.-.\lex.
Commandlng.-K. of Hearts.
Compiemental. -Wm. II I. -B.
Confidential f.-Wm. III.-B.
Confirmed by money.
Controlling- Alexander Pope.
by Contrast-Fred.-D'Argeiis.
Inseparable-Hubert for Nap.
Perilous to Robert Burns.
Hopalred-Samuel Johnson.
School-boys f.-Lord Byron.
Treacherous f. of James L
Affecting f. -Lincoln-Stanton.
AfTectlonate-Wash.'s farewell.
Apparent- False f. -Romans.
Communion necessary,
by Common purpo.se.
Compiemental f. -Diocletian.
" " -Cowper.
Disagreeable f. -Coward.
Disgraceful f.-Pompadour.
Disreputable f.-Hannibal.
Distrusted f. -Cleopatra's.
Forgotten f.-Benedict Arnold.
Hypocrisy in f.-Orleans and B.
Incorruptible f.-Iudian.
♦aaso
♦aayi
♦aaaa
♦a'*M3
♦aaa i
♦aaa5
♦2236
1438
2915
20.'H
1.301
MO.'i
5108
&l'30
. 21,V.
4778
1473
5139
2857
♦32'.'7
♦'3'338
♦a-jao
♦23.30
1270
♦3331
302.'.
W,
1398
3;i08
.3073
38a3
.371
3748
92
3069
3070
2870
192
♦•32.32
♦2333
♦2334
♦2335
♦3230
♦33.'!8
♦•3337
♦33;i9
♦3310
♦3341
♦3-343
♦334.!
110
8099
2043
29,-)7
.3310
2-103
4h:u
1307
3712
701
4515
2644
2695
4301
Net'ded f. lulgar Allan Poe. n<)3a
Perilous f. for (ietn. lOOfl
" Turks. 178
Proof of f. in exile with Nai). 715
beymid Suspicion. 3-381
Traitors to f. Connplrators. 371
Tieacliurous f. Dick Talbot. .'1303
" f. of savages. .3518
Tribute of f. Melamdithon's. 6700
Unworthy of f. Epicure. 3tW
Si'c TEMI'I.AKS.
OriKin of f. Monks Jerusalem. 103S
H™ TRADES I'NION.
Objection to t -u. -Caste. *.5«fl3
Opposition of t.-u.JamesWatt. ♦,5663
Oppressive t.-u. James Watt. ♦5004
Prohibited t-:ngland. ♦5005
♦6660
Sue ASSOCIATES in tnc.
HaOTIIKRS.
Division between b. Uom.andR.*07S
Mlscelliirn'ous croMs-refert'iices.
Destroy (saeli other-Tliebans.
Enemies from Jealousy.
liuarnMs of b Di-igraceful.
BRI'TAI.ITV.
of Persecutors to Rev. R. Hiil.
3884
1030
339
♦670
MiHculluneoun crons-ri'ferences.
.Estht^ticai b. of Koinans. 103, lft3
in Amusements in Old Kiigland. 218
" " of Romans. 219
" -Normans. 1332
-R. (Jladiators. 201
-R. Circus. 8*^3
of Ancestors overlooked. 1334
Barbaric b. -American Indians. 3.508
Barbarous b. of Fulk tlie Black. 100
815
2860
.3048
2'305
3174
1979
1980
2070
3048
3881
3,'>09
*i89
,5741
1994
5794
6884
6885
♦1999
4123
2130
♦.3513
♦3514
♦3515
♦8516
♦3517
♦,3518
♦3519
♦3,5-30..
•3521
of Chivalry-K<iward I.
Common h.-Old England,
in Court -.Jeffreys,
to Criminals stiocking.
Diet of flesh Attila.
Kxeeutloner's b. -Monmouth.
Execution of rebels,
by Famine-Athenians.
Indignation at b. -Popular.
Lawless b. of Cambyses.
to Martyrs-Nero.
Parental b.-Fred. William I.
Professional b.-Jeffioys.
Vengeance in b.-" Roses."
in War-Magdeburg.
-- " -Indiscriminate.
See E.YTERMINATION.
War of e.-Queen Anne's.
by Persecution. Mbiijenses.
of Soidiers-Nervii-Maiibeuge.
Si.'C .MASSACRE.
Evidence-m. of Crusaders,
(ieneral m. In war.
Immense m. -70,000 Romans,
by Mob In Paris,
of Patriots-Boston.
Prevented-Jamestown, Va.
Punished by in. -War.
by Treachery -Tliessalonlca.
Wholesale m. 300,000 people.
770
UltLTKH -HI .SINKSH.
l'
Brutal m. \>y ('araoalla. tana
ot <'iiptlveK by I'VimkH l.'l'll
" rhrlNtiaiiM UO.oiMi, hy <'h<>Nr()t-M..'fc.>t
Dupopuliileil l>y in. IluKtliKl- I'WT
Drink uiiuMcM ni IiuIIuuh. uu-io
IniincnHu ni. Tlinoiir. fiNOI
" " by Cu'Mttr. SIHI
InoonHliliiriitr in. by StiyllilimN. \'M\)
ImllKiiitlloi> oxprcMMcil croni'l. 4.VIU
Inhiiiuiin ni. of workniun Aliirlc.dMT
-AttllB.OWH
by I.iiw I.a(!(!(la>ni<>nian HliiveH. t.'ltl.'i
" I'urRUdUtors rutliollo vh. I* lltfi
" " Ircluiid {'. vs. P.ll.'W
I'rcvonti'cl by Infornixr. KHH)
of l'ri)t<'HlaiitM Dukii of (lulsu V. WW
t'om. liy riiis V. r>HH
Iteliiiiuus ni. by cniNailurM. 4Vun
" " of prlHonorH. l.'KU)
" Latins by OriHikH. VUn
Small liitKlnnlnu of ni. "M. V." •,",)
T(MTlblo m. " .Sicilian VfHptTs." I.'IIm
llnprovoktid .Iown by ApoH'o. (lum
In War Wallunstoln. flHHl
" " -I'arlH, A. II. MIH. ."imr)
See MA.'^.SACKKS.
]{tillKlous French HovoUitlon. *.%!«
Sct SI,.\I'()HTKIl.
Uarl)arouM .s. .is.cxw Carthaw's. ♦SISO
Extermluatlnft s. of Oermans. ♦5181
Authorized by Jesuits. lOHi!
In Battle-Asians. am
" -100,000 at Fontenal. 9W
See CUUEI/rV »iu\ INHUMAN-
ITY III loc.
BRUTES.
Immortality of b. S. Johnson.
See ANIMALH in loo.
BUCCANEER.
C'ronnrefcrcnce.
Excused -Hlr Francis Drake.
See PlKACy in loc.
*08O
902
BUILDERS.
Dlvlded-Ronuilus-Rcmus-Romo.678
BUILDING.
ColoBBal b. -Colosseum. ♦681
Opposed RoiRn of James II. ♦688
Ruined by b. -Marcus Crassus. ♦683
Prohibited in London by Gov't. 890
See AUCIHTECTt'ItE in loc.
BURIAL.
Companions In b. White Huns. ♦68-J
Questlonod-Ollver CromweU's. ♦685
Respect by b. N'lola.'j. ^686
Secreted In b. -Alaric. *087
Tyrant's b. -AttUa's. +688
Miscellaneous cro.«s-rerereiiees.
Allve-4000 prisoners. l,<i6H
Hopeful b.-Amcrlcnn Indiann. U-^r,
Importance of b. to ancients. 48.TJ
Impoverished by b. expenses. 4!)3fl
Living b.-Barbarlans. 081
Provision for b. Wolsey. 4.%
See (;REMATI0X.
Kindness in c.-Pompoy's. 'iiliii
Opposed-Bodies preserved. ati.'ia
Popular c. of Ctesar's body. S-J.M
"■fUH
♦•-••,'.vi
Hu« COKKIN.
Kxponslvfl Attlla'N (lold Hllrxr. OHN
rtie KrNKUAI..
CrltlclNed CharloM tl.
CuNtonii from ItomaiiN.
Kxpeiislve f. (jiieen .Mary's
Fatal exposure at f.
Honor of f. Cn'sar's.
" " " KKVptlaiiH
Iluinblo f. t'onipey's.
immense Abraham Lincoln's. ♦'."AM
Impressive f.-ia-sar's. "ATO
I'aiin({yrlcs crlllrlsed. ♦'-WO
I'utrlotlo f. IliiHton. ♦•.wr
CarouAal after f. Alexander. JIM','
Impressive f. Cii'Mur. IWV.I
" " Cu'sar's bloody k. MTiJ
Passions iirnust'd at. f. '»'ll
Pompons f. ol Alexander. 4471
liiworthy f. SiKTcd I'als. lilTs!
Sii' oit.WK.
Possession of g. William of N. ♦8407
Charity at the g.
(luardlntr NapoU^on's g.
IntorestiiiK c. Holy Sepulchre.
Possession, The only Cyrus.
Unknown k. John ( abot.
Vengeance Robbing the g
See (IKAVKS.
Decorated Soldiers (ircieks.
.See HESrilllECTIoN.
Hinted by ancients.
Belief In r.-Anolent Persian*.
See SEITLCIIUE.
Klsslii)? the Holy 8.
1397
S."J.'19
1881
a47i
imi
1657
.W41
♦48.'K
KAU
Intorestlnff s. of Jesus c'mb's. Ol.M
Majfniflcent-Kmpress of India. 0061
See SEl'ULC'HllKS.
Economy in s.-Athenlans. ♦5113
See SEl'lILTUUE.
Preparation for s.-Spartans. ♦SI 14
See TOMII.
Pleasure-seeker' s-S'napalus. ♦■5046
1905
♦5047
Character expressed In t.
See TOMllS.
Empty t.-Pyramlds.
See PEA Til iii toe.
BURLESllUE.
('ross-refereiiei'H.
( 'hrlstmas festi vltles-Italy F. 8,50
by Carlcature-Pope-England. 49.33
See RIDICULE I'li loc.
BUSINESS.
Detested by James Watt . *689
Joys of b.-('hauncey Jerome. ♦090
Nobility in b. England. ♦OOl
Prevented-Boycottlng-Purlt's. ♦Ogs
Mi.Hcellaneoii3 cross-references.
Boycotted by Boston patriots. COa
( 'hanRO of b. Successful. 3a57
( 'banned by hum of b. 3795
vs. Conscience. 4955
Deceptive onlois-Hoax. 20,58
Delayed Falal. 4477
Deranged liy liad money. 3657
DeraiiRe<l by bud money.
Inhumanity In b. .Slavps.
Perils by nioiiopollNts.
PlriiNure before b. Henry VIII
Postponed Tomorrow.
Prayer, lliislri<>ssinan's.
Rivalry In h. Fiillon.
Sorrow drowned In b. Johnson
I'ntllled for b. Audubon.
Innuceesiifnl Llneoln a s'rv'y'r
See A('( nl'N'l'S.
Carefully kept John Wesley.
" " (1. WashliiKton.
.See AI'CTKlN.
Infamous a. Roman throne.
.MarrlaKe promoted by a.
See CKElHroKS.
Merciless e. exposed,
oppression of e. Infanticide.
Restrained by law.
See DEllT.
Imprisonment for d. In En^. *
Security ford, sir W. Scott. <
by War of American Rev. *
»IA8
:|0A0
aH.'\9
.'170!
4iai
i.-.irt
4.176
l!MH
. 5.M)
•J.Wl
. 8;i
.Ml»
2009
3678
3 IS I
1S.V.
■Jll(»
'\\:<\>
'iii;it
'Hr,i
Arrested for d. Charles IV. 4:m
Catieelled by murder Jews. 41VH
Division byd. Ameiieaii States. 1987
Imprl.soninent for d. KiiKland. 4289
4299
2125
Increase of d. by extortion of J. 71'.;
OviTwhelined by d.-SIr W. Scott. 91
Relieved by marriaKe-Clcero. 3161
-Byron. 3l(r)
Son pawned for d. 4.3.M
See DERTS.
DlscouiaKod-Laws of Amasi.s. ^1402
Dishonest d. -Precedence of. ♦1403
Preventod-Solon's law. ♦MOl
Punishment for d. -Insolvent. ♦1405
Scaled by-VlrBlnIa colony. ♦MOO
Small d. -Samuel Johnson. ♦1407
Duo In future life,
of Honor-Gambler's d.
Require econoniy-Penn.
Suspension of all d.
Trivial d. unpaid-Johnson.
See MERCHANTS.
Enterprise of m.-Jobn Cabot.
Patriotism of m. -Boston Rev.
See MONOPOLIES.
Encouraged -Charles I.
Unpatrlotlc-OUver Cromwell.
See MONOPOLY.
Abollshed-Land m.
Commercial ra. by Charles 11.
" " " English Col.
vs. Conscicnce-P. Cooper.
Exasperating m. -Charles I.
and Famine-Rome.
Land m. -Plymouth colony.
of Manufactures-England,
t. [( It
" " -Dutch.
Powers of m. In United States
Reslsted-Govenimental.
in Bibles-England.
" Hoases-Marcus Crassus.
22.-i8
2lil4
1707
11,50
3.321
!IK1
(W2
*.30H!)
♦.3090
♦.3601
♦3092
♦3093
♦3691
♦.3095
♦309(1
♦.3697
♦3698
♦3699
♦3700
♦3701
♦3703
676
083
"• .'iroi
iiry VIM iia-l
w. i,-,m
*'»■ -I.ITtl
i!im
I .rolinnon. Ml)
1)1)11. a;jyi
1 II H'rv'y'r. an
.NTS.
WrHlny. mo
HhliiKtori. yooK
o.V.
Yn.
)US.
itlol<le.
.•)ii;s
HIS I
)s.v,
•-'III*
.■.r."i!»
■S<'<)tt. *lii;()
jluv- ♦Hci
» IV. .|;i.v)
'<'WH. .|i;h
in States. I iwr
iijfliind. lUNO
I^TO
ai'jr,
tlonofj. 7].^
VV. .Sc(jtt. HI
cicoro. mat
Byron, .'iia-,
4.3,M
kmagi.H.
10 of.
14U3
♦NfW
Ivont. *i4(m
ny. •1400
>n. ♦1407
i7or
;i«4
>n.
abot.
Rov.
;s.
well.
;wi
*.3(W!»
♦30UO
♦.3001
sir. *:itm
C'ol. ♦3093
♦3094
f- ♦.369.';
♦3690
r- *m>.)7
*30!)8
♦3099
♦3rO()
ites.+aroi
*3703
676
In Manufadtiirnpt KnKllih.
NewNpuptT m. clmrli'N II.
IttiliiiiiiH III. Koiimti Kiiiplrtv
Woinuii iiKHliixt III. Simp.
M.I' riiuKirs.
Kui{)'rm>NN fill- p. 'rnlmnuD.
Si-.. I'IK<1I.\SK.
AKKriivutliiK p. lit own <;iini.
U*!f«iiti'<l Arbltriiry LiiuIn XI
Sic TIlAIiK.
Contempt for t. .s. .IoIhinoii.
Illicit t. .ViiiiTlcitii ooliinli'H.
Iiiliiiiiiun t. .siikvi' triulo.
I.iiwsforl. Siiiiipiimry.
(Ivurrt'iioliliiKlii t KKypdilllH
l<i'Kiiliitu<l l''lx«il prlcof*.
" Ktnpiinir.liilluii.
" -RnKliiiid.
TrInkM of t. Knclaiul.
('oinptttltluiiin t. DtMili.'il.
.3NII
4II,V1
Ol.'ll
♦41HU
•Jrtlfl
V.y7M,"i
♦.■MW)
*:Mi
. •5i«ir
•.'.tl'iH
•B(»9
♦.ItKKI
♦S(M)I
HOH'J
.309a
3093
.3094
vm
*.'I7
39«r
rotiMcUmci) III I. I'ntur Coopor
IH'Krixled by t.-KmprosM.
Honi^sty III t. l-awH for.
rrofltH In t. KPt'iit KIrmuil.
Sue UANKIlUrrCV, CO.MMKUCK.
and KIlArii in U>'\
CANUOH.
I'hrlHtliin o. In<llsuus!)i<)n. ♦70ft
.SfO SINCKKITY in too.
CANNIBALISiTI.
ChrlMllan o.-Crusiidoi-H. ♦TOO
MliicollaiuM]ii8 cross-references.
in rumino-France. a077
" -California. 8679
See FAMl.NK in loc.
CANNON.
Great c.-by Urban for M. II.
♦707
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Alarmed by c. -American Ind's. 2901
Invention of 0. benoQclal to a. 350
Love of c.-Cares'ses. 3344
CANT.
Political c.-Samuel Johnson.
See HYl'OORISY.
Brazen h.-Pope Adrian VI.
Diplomatic h. -Napoleon I.
Exposed-UellKlous-Charlos II.
In Frlendshlp-Klval dukes.
Invlted-Purltan Parliament.
BsHkIous h.-Ulval dukes.
" " -lioman phllos.
Political h. -Augustus.
Religious h. -Charles II.
See HYPOCRITE.
Accomplished h.-" Dick " T.
Epitaph of the h. -Alexius.
See REl.KHON in loc.
CAPIT4Ii.
Conservative c. -Cicero.
a Crime-Jews.
Spirltnal c. in Indulgences.
Cross-reference.
VS. Labor-Bngllab weavers.
rANDOU-CAHK.
CAPITAIilNTN.
Kxtortliinat*) <v .Icwh ♦7lll
Niitlonof ■' J«WM. ♦Till
Si.» FI.NAM'K III..I MONEY im lor.
t'APTIVK.
Coiitentod with IiiiIIiuin.
Iloiiiiri'il KUitf .liihii of I'Vancu.
Volunlury ('. .Mary llolliwi'll.
CAFTIVRN.
Inhumanity to <:. Spaniard)*
♦708
♦269a
♦2093
♦8094
♦2695
♦2090
♦2097
♦2098
4260
4711
♦2099 i
♦2700
♦709
♦710
♦711
3098
Mlacullaneniis uruM rori'rancet.
Adopted In fainllli'H liidlaim.
Crui.'lty lu o , KxgulHlti' Ilasll.
llardMlilps of 0. with IndlaiiM.
Humiliation of royiil <^
UitdcciiitMl by early christians.
Sorrowful c. Deerllcid Indians.
«'AFTIVITV.
Chosen by Napoleon's friends.
.'tthM
2.'i;«)
2 1 MM
♦Vll
2or I
1312
32HH
4470
505
♦715
CroBn rrri'.t'nce.
of Children (loths as liostaice
Sir ItoNDAflE.
to Vice James II.
" Wealth Peru v inns,
of Wife to h. -Romans.
See SLAVERY.
Antiquity of s.
Avarice of s, Kngli^h.
HeKlnnliiKS of s.-Oeorgla.
of Captives-Uonians.
Ill KnKland-A.i). 1215.
Introduced In Virginia.
Mitigated-Athunian.
" -Homans.
Natural to Turks.
Opposed by Friends.
Prevalence of s. Koine,
of Prisoners- England.
Punished by s. -England.
Repulsive s.-Kiigland.
Unchristian "".-in England.
S. MlO
OOH,')
4.527
1707
♦5182
♦51H3
♦5184
♦5ia')
•51 HO
♦.■)1H7
♦5IHH
♦51K9
♦5190
♦.5191
♦5192
♦5193
♦5194
♦5195
♦5190
Abolition of s.-struggle for. 4101
Affection in (..-Ponipey. 2253
Captives sold into s.-Ciesar. 008
Cowards punished by s.-R. 1275
Cruelty of s.-IIelots. riO.'i
Death preferred to s. -Chinese. 19(i0
" of American 8. -Lincoln. 3227
Debtors sold Into g. -Romans. 1405
Desperate defer ;e of s. 4159
Doubt respectii,4nn)railty of s. 1106
Escape from s. by murder. 80
Galling 8. of I'eruviiius. 4,527
Hatred to s.-Rash-J. Brown. 3088
Imperilled by s. -American C. asofi
Indian s.-Lahriidor. 1290
Labor degraded by s. 353(i
Opposition tos. by Abolitionists. 147
Poor sold into s.-Eugiaiul. 502
Sold into s.-Plato. 748
Suppressed s.-Boston, year 1701. 18,59
to Wealth-Peruvians-Illus. 5983
Wretched s. of Helots. 1300
See SLAVES.
Angelic s.-the English. *6197
of Disbelievers-Virginia. 'SIOS
Docility of s.-Civii War. ♦SlSg
777
Krlii'llion of I,- Roman 'MM
White 1. In Virginia. *BII0I
ofCt>rnniony coiiNtaiitlne TBU
" " AmbiiNHiidorii. 750
Coiidllloii (if Anglo Saxon n. '20
Hdellly .if « of ('nrnutUN M.M
liiipi'rilli'd by ■< lloiiii' 4.'iiir>
Sale of itgi'd H Inhuiniiiilty UH'tU
M,.c sl.AVK TKADK.
ODposed I 'iiiilliii'iiliil Cong. ♦5202
Itespeiite'l New York, yr. limi.*,')2(i:l
CoiiS(Meli('<iirHs conduct Kllg 1110
l)y I'lralcM RoiiiaiiN. 41MT
S,.., I'RIXON ni l„r.
Ilii|iorliilit c. ( ity of Wasli
Mi.„SI>(lll,H»M(l V|( Tnjtv o. (.
<'AIIK.
Hclieved l)y liuiiior l.liirolii.
S..C AN.MKl'V.
I'oniuiningii. of Miii'll)oi'oMgh.
I'iirciitiil II. Ill' U MiiriiM' father,
of Respoii.sibillly A. Lincoln.
*ri6
irwi
•245
•210
•247
MIscelluni'oiiH cTussrifiTciioi'ii
Cciiiiinon to humanity.
Miileriiai a. for infant Indians
I'lireiital a. of Einp. Severus.
Relief from a. God.
Sic AITREllENSION.
of Evlliloers Itrulii".
S.'e DKI.IIIKRATION.
Hastened" We iiiiirch."
Set) KOUKrilOfdllT.
Impulse b(!ttcr than f.
See MEDITATION.
Peculiar ra. of Swedenborg.
Asoetlcal m. of Monks,
(iod revealed In m. G. Fox.
Life of m. -Isaac Newton.
Religious m. -Samuel Johnson.
" " needful.
Sabbath m.-John Fitch.
Sec MEDDLIM}.
Destruction Dy Flood by m.
Reproved-Blshop Burnet.
ill Families-England.
Mischief by ni.
Well-meant ni. -Hurtful.
.See l-UrDENCE.
Longevity by p. -Locke.
Ts. Love-Age.sliaus.
Military p. felt, not seen.
Sen REKLBCTION.
t'orrected by r. H. Johnson.
Deiith-hed r. -Wolsey's.
Delicate r. Irish.
Change of feeling by r.
See REFLECTIONS.
Melancholy r.-Antony.
See VKULANCE.
Needful for liberty.
See WATCHFULNESS.
Safety by w.-Indlans.
Need of w. -Columbus.
3604
I!8
4558
11'20
•iti\
2767
♦86S4
357
1714
1164
1700
4707
871
♦3645
♦3646
4468
.5300
3041
3320
1093
♦4043
*404J
•404.5
3199
♦4040
3237
♦5960
6206
I
i^
I III'
778
Dt>»\rMl l>y puKiiiiii Ali'xuiiilrU. *(WH
ArniiitMmont In (1 Nero. 41 to
Illi-piiilniC (MiiirniUtil III (! sjMtl
of Wur .li'iUNuli'iii ruliii'il c. .'bKi
CALAMITY— (A UKr.KSSNKSS.
r.«iiA:ni-riK>t.
<')lllllllllUl| O. I.nllllilll I'll'tl I>,
KfTiiot of <v KiiuIIhIi imtloii.
Mi.CATASI'Uol'IIK
AppiillltiKo. Malioii nirlliii'ke
See ((INKI.AIIUATION.
Diifi'MHivti i;. Coliimlpiu, 8. ('.
DcHtriKitlvu 0. HoHtoii.
" -('lil(^m(o.
" " Loiiilon.
" "Monoow.
" " Nt!W York.
" " Homr.
In Wur < 'nrtliiiKf .
a IllcsHliitt Ilciiltli of Lonilon. <'MA1
Di'Mtructlvu c. London. il'.ir
I'lilrlotli'u. Uiirn'(cur.liini('Mt'ii.<l(M,'l
I'tlll/rd In wiir I'liul Joiich. (ll.')
" by iiviirli'o M. Criiitguii. OtVl
Sf.' liKl.filK.
TUIiil d. Medllirrant'iui ITM
HfO OKSOLATION,
by I VNtllL'ucu- Loudon. •l.MO
Dffeimlvt! d. Italy War. lti\)
.Saftity by d. Moors. 69(iH
by War Ilolo){nii. SOlO
" " KiiKland. 6«««
" " I'rovonco. 6W8
See DK.HTHrCTION,
DIflicultd. Torniiloof .luiiltui. •ir>W
of Kinplre l''all of i: imc. •1B4!I
Terrible self (1. clinbriunH. *i:itM
of Art by Nero.
.•wr
" '• " "
a;.>ti
" '• In ruin of paKanUni.
ail
" " by I'urKaus.
.•j;io
vs. (onst.uctlon-Mouso.
a 10(1
Followod by d. Hannibal.
5H48
of Lifu by arcbltootiirij.
83a
" " In Crusade!*.
a-jM
War AttUa.
ftH!»9
-Krance.
f.!RH)
" I'lilltios (jhallenKt'd I), by I
. HHO
" Si'lf by Infatuation I'rldu.
'JHW
by strlfe-Bluu and Green.
rum
" War Caesar's.
6««H
" '• -I'rovoncte.
bMr,
SCO DI.SAST."H.
Com cali'd (l.-(ieneral Nasli.
♦lliOH
Eniir^'y by d.-Komans.
*l(iO«
DlstresslnK national d.
See EAKTIiyrAKE.
Destructive ancient e.
Alarmed by e. -London.
Appalling e. -Lisbon.
.Sic EAUTHCiUAKK.S.
Architecture perilous by e.
Periods of ancient e.
50
*17S8
1087
731
382
*1759
♦(W:i
•ilU.',
•731
•loni
♦iof.a
*iwa
♦low
*IO,M
♦JOfMI
•10.17
♦lOftM
*ionu
Nm kamink
lirutullzi'd l>y f .VtlKiiiaiiH •vmil
<'aiiiilbiilit 111 f Kraiic'u. '4r;'7
I))<po|iiilali il by r lli'iiKul •tMITN
DUtrtiH* of f Konn, A 1. ,M() •(jirro
Iti'Noiircii III f. llomi'M MoMi'ow •viOHO
TrluU of f. I'lyinouili Colony. «M1
bjr Wur CaniMla, ad. r.vt. •*>-j
**m
llrutallty In f. Athenian*. '*r,n
Deiitbbyf. KO.lkH) .MoNleiu* robbed. I
Dnpopiilattiil by f Italy .VM'J
Kiidiirunre In f. -NIxty dayit. 1.1
Kxtortloii durliiu f. iMuitii. MM)-.'
by MoiiopollMtH Koniaii. IllliNI
Subdued by f. Calalx 4rt3l)
by War .su^jfe of Uoii'tn. Mnki
" " Knulai'd rit,H.i
Winter off. Virginia Cobmy. JW.l
S.T I'KsTll.r.NCK.
DevaslulliiK p. KiiKland. •.||.17
Itaptd p. Itoiiif. *41SN
Uenevoleiiue durlnttp.C. .lOlH
DeHolatlliK p. London. 1,110
Dootnictlve p. -N. K. i'llKrlniM. Ii.ir
Infection of p. I'liiKue. 'JH-Jt
I'reventt'd p. Sanitary lawn. .'i.l.Vi
Sw n.AOl'K.
DesolatluK p. Wide uprcad. •lltN)
Destructive p.-UoiiiaiiH. *IIU1
.Sf<' 111' IN.
Impressive r. Homo. •ID.II
InevltabU) r. Dilemma. •tl*.1S
National r. by expaimlon. *lli.1(l
SiOII
by ExtravaKaiK^o Cato.
.Siv WAU 1/1 (ci.;.
CALKNDAH.
Corrected by .lullus Ciesar.
" " U(p|{er Huoon.
CAMniMKMN.
Christian c. .1. Woaley-Mob.
of Discipline. Napoleon.
EzasperatlUK c. -Socrates.
MlBcrlluneotiii crdan-rt'reroiircn
CoiKiuered by e.-Mob.
In Ueath-.Monmouth.
" " -Socrates.
" " -Strafford.
Kalth produces c. -Storm,
of (ieiilus-Admiiul Dralie.
Masterly c.-N i,'oleon I.
Power In o.-( i oi well.
HellKlonser'n.
UellKloua c. M ■tfK\ng.
in a Tumult-', nomas Lee.
.sec coMi'osrKh:.
before Execution- Argyle.
nemarkabic c. -Alexander.
Sif MKKKNKS.'^.
Christian m. d.xlfivy de B.
•«!«!
•tin;
•li'.W
•dlHI
•700
itf;w
14.11
1407
IJIll
a.i-j.i
!,';i3o
l.KW
Earthquake. I0H7
3150
1.171
.180!)
K15fi
Chri.-itlan m. in reproof.
Ilusband'.s m.-Rumford.
Martyr's ni. -Taylor at stake.
Philosophic m. -Plato.
Power of ChrlNtlan m.
In l{eproof-Dr. Taylor.
Victory by m.-Lyourgua.
See SELKCOMMANU.
against Fear-Wllllam III.
♦3550
2787
.3402
C7i»
1314 I
23.10
4779
3204
•5082
M..« HJCI.Kiil.NTHill,.
Uemarkttblu a. u. Huke Kr«d. *.liM!i
AtiHiidoned C. J. Kox.
In Kxi'ltemeiit (). Waahinittoii
Power liver otliera by ».-v.
Sleep at will Napoleon I.
In NuppreH4liiK indlKUation.
" reientment.
Weaknea* in N.'C. eonfMied.
Sii' SKI.K l'OSJ<li;,><MION.
IlraTc Admiral be H'ort.
5HIK1
. .'lilMI
.1591
5«)5
Mlll'l
4MII
Cum
♦8001
4'Aiii!:nN%-.
Inatiicnted Maxlmua hubliiH. '701
Opposition by c. chaa. Wealey. •7o°J
MlNt'i'lliiiii'i.iii* crimH rffrrt'iici'*.
Hid fur e. -Scoteli InaurKcnta. 1917
Puniilied InJurieN in kind. 8lilO
Sliamefiil c. of pliyaiclan. t04H
Vieilum of c. KiiIkIiI a TemplarH. 19.19
S.'o LlltKI..
Trials for 1. William Hone. ♦:!.'o.i
Anonymous l.-.MUtou. tioi
Kalse aeeiiHiitlon of 1. .'lor.l
Indifferent to 1. i-'rederick II. .1299
I'ri'HM prosecuted for 1. 4l3ii
" •• (l.iH
See SLA.NDKIl.
Defence from s. Napoleon I. ♦.IIVO
from Envy-John Hunyaii. ♦IHI
Fine for s.-J500,000. ♦517J
OppoMltion by 8 .I.Wesley. ^5173
Persecutors s. Constantlne. ♦.1171
of Piety Klchard Baxter's. 'ftUi
I'unl.'ihed by James 1. ♦5170
Rewarded Dick Talbot. ♦.1177
Victim of s.-Columbua. ♦517H
.\buslve «. of Nap. liy Hrltons. 21
of Atnerlcans by Sam. Johnson. 214
Incon^lstency of s.-Nap. I. by E. 21
Shameful s. of woman. ^WU
Victiraof H. CromweU" King." .Wia
' -Bolivar. 4014
See A('(;rsA'ri()N in !„c.
OANAL.
CrDiwri'ft'ri'iici'.
Anllclpated-Suez.
< ANDIDATK.
Dead c. -Daniel Websti^.
Dignified c. Thomas Jefferson.
.Sep I'OMTlCS 111 luc.
CANDOR.
Cliristlan c. liidlscusslon.
.See SiNCEItnV in toe.
CARIiliEMSiNKSIS.
Censure of c.-S. Johnson.
Habitual 0. -Goldsmith.
2713
♦:ii:i
♦70»
♦70.1
►717
•718
Mlsci'lluiu'ouii crdRsreferencen.
of Personal safety-Nel.soii. 1391
Self-punlshed c.-Barber-Llncoln. 7.'W
I'npuulslied c.-Koran quoted.
See AIISTRACTIOX.
.\rt of a.-" Waistcoat button."
Blunders by a.-Newton.
Dangerous a. -Archimedes.
32
♦19
♦20
♦21
Absence of mlnd-Goldsmltli. 009
Aroused from a.-Jolin.son. 2310
Philosopher's a. -Archimedes. 1903
iSSim
( AUIC.VTl UK-CATHmLU'ISM
III'' Kri'il. •.■KiH,'}
tulillitftui
r ».v.
'») I.
lotion.
Iniiiiit.
'if •'Med.
rt,
*V.
hIiIih.
VVr»|(iy.
fi'Tin'ric'c..
r»(t'iiii.
lIlKl.
nn.
'oinpliirH,
ftHlW
I. .'ItlMI
Avon
Mm
oimt
♦30UI
♦roi
i!»ir
UHH
I'lie.
■Ick II.
I HI.-,
Ik) I!)
-il.'lil
It.
11)11 I.
III.
ilejr.
Inu.
r'u.
♦.'>i;ii
♦5iri
•fll7'.i
♦."iir.i
•siri
•517.-)
•517(1
•■■.177
♦517.i
•ltr)tis. -41
>llIIH(ll|. ^'14
'. by K. 1.4
tUWl
Kln(f.":wi),|
'111)4
n Inc.
8713
E.
*rii:!
rson. *7(i|
*70.'j
oc.
IS.
•717
•718
nci'ii.
1391
ifoln. 7.'iS
3(1. 3«
n." *1!)
•SO
•il
I. 009
a'lio
i. 1903
Y»iitli(ul H. by ktiidy Nuwion. tilH)
KllUly iif i'UNl'lll. li.litl
*^^• KOKllKTKri.NK.SH.
Di'xlint TliiimlitiM'lui. *'JIIW
Ueaiiliiin f4tr Ik I'urlluii*.
Kiiln of it ilnoikit.
I'urriituI f. of 11(111 lliiwaril.
s.n IIKKI)|,K.MSNK.-<.s.
l.iian by li (lolilKiiillh'i.
lit
••J.MI1
a"w«
.Miiriiiliiu polltli'itl li
>iM. INDIKKKItKNCK.
CrtD'l I of ( icmir. *W7t>8
itt'iiKioiiii. i>r ciiiiricN II. *'r,n
Afr«rt<>(l I. to iiiUriirtuiKi Huott, Oil
to .VppliiUNO of thii niiiNii(:ii Nap. stTii
" lliimuii lir« Wnr lirro
" HufforliiK I if iiiluTN HurciHin. lOS
.><.•« lir.CKI.KM.sNKMS.
of I)«N|)<'riill<iu NiipoltMtn I.odl. 64H
Kxitmpli' of r. Nupob'oii (117
of Nt'ciHslty Wm, II. " K n. d." (VIU
<'aiii4:ati;iik.
< 'iiii»H ri'fiTtrict'.
KcllKlout I'opi' KiiKliind. 41143
><..• llI'llI.K.sijrK.
Chrlntiiias rfKtIvlllfN-ltaly. HAO
^.l• KXAimKU.\TI(iN in In,:.
€AROITHAL.
Crcirwrcfiri'iii'i'.
Fittitl (o .Xli'Xiiiiditr tlio (iri'Hi. i!V3l
.•^.f FEAST kixl INTKMI'EK-
ANCK In Inc.
(;anti<:.
AbseiK'c of »'. IrlMh KliiKl. 'TIO
AtiKlo-Saxoii o.-(Jeriimny. •TSO
Barbiirlaii o. (iaulH. *7!Jl
of HIrtb ItuUaiis. ♦7SW
EtiKll.'*b o.-' HoniKr«'at," *7'iH
llosilllty too. American. ♦7*1
111 .Iiidumeiit tiut!<!n Kllzitbeth. *7a5
National c. Krenoli. *7s!0
"-Kngllsb. *7a7
In Parliament " WorHt<!<i s." •7'JH
l're.iu(llcu of 0. I'arliaiiieiit. ♦7'J9
MIscellaiU'OUH cnws-ri'fiTiiiecB
Absence of o.-En>c. manufrx.
Broltt'n-l'bysiclans.
In Cliurch-A. Burriin welcomed
Destructive to tbe .Statu Qreeks
DIvIhIods of o. -India.
In K:itinf{-Ol(l Knfflund.
Etcutism of c. -Byron.
In Food- EnK. Soots.
Fourfold- E. India.
Grades of social c. Franks.
iKiiored-ltonians-Dloclet Ian.
LeKi!<lation for o. -England,
in oocnpation-Eftypt.
" Trado-unlon-Enifland.
Plea for c. of rank.
In Keliglon-PytliaKoras.
Religious c- Persian vs. Turk.
In School-Harvard.
" " -Napoleon I.
Tyranny of social o.
Vice levels c.-tiamblers.
See ARISTOCRACY,
in Battle-Koman.
Expense of a.-Romans.
hriiliil plfiMiiriiH Norniaii u.
Uiili' of a. Imrili'iiKoiiii' \ it
Mm' I ill.iiK LINK
III roininur<itt toluinbini.
of FaiHIon KiiMiiitin llliiti (1.
Ki.' osriiACiMM.
by Huliot AtliKiilanK.
Kvliitofo. AtbiinlanH.
H.i! MI,A\ KKY til lor.
<'ANI INTII%'.
Dinii'iilt (,'. .\in<-ili'iiii Indian.
17(11
•1170
HM
:^(M
SM7
9a4
WVi
I1II.1
W\
3a7.S
595
1734
4-lH()
fiCOi
5063
mu
4709
6070
50SH
50.s:i
3491
2267
•301
•302
•■11 Kl
urn
'Jii;i
•llVJ
IMIU
•,'tlHlN
•lllWlt
•7;ti)
MUei'lliiiii'ntM if'tH^ rutVri'i •*,
({uoHtloii In c. (ialiieo. .^727
" ofc. FalNi'liood. 21)15
Sci. CONSCIK.M'K 111 lor.
4;A'rAN'ri(oPiii<:.
AppallinK c ' MmIioii uarlliii'ki'. •731
SniHllll'WUKCK.
Planned by Neru. 1317
2M1U
Si,. CAI, AMITY 111 /."■.
CA'riIOL.I4)N illOinANi.
Dlsfranclilsed ,Md. Colony. •732
.lu!<tl<ui to ('. Ireland. •IH.'l
Prejudtue aKainat ('.-EnKiiib. *73l
Kmutpt' from < . Ni'W Kn4l»iid. 4.VM
IndiilKnii'i'oof c hy Pap powar.ivi
Mlriinlcit of (' mantra *;l':2<
Ib'foriiiaMiin ol I rranco l'>MI
Ni'crcl iiillKifiit of ( I liita II '.it'.M
s. . I n\\ KN I-
llefUKii III I' FBarofvIri'. •Ill.ll
Sir .IKSl ir.t.
AIiiiIIiIiimI Kr , xp ,1'orl. nnd» •:|i«»;
.Xrlili'vi'ini'nlaof.l llUtliitc'i'il •;iinih
AanuiiNlnatlon liy .1. Henry IV ''.'kiou
" •• Wm. of O, •:iiilii
Katranuud from J i'upt' *.'|iill
MInnIoii of ,1. ('imniiipiillliiii *:i<i|'.'
Plotlliiuor.l. liiiiipiisvilt'r pliilMori
Populiiilty of ,1. iMl iiiiiry. •.'lull
I'<iwi'r of .1, iNili ci'iitiiry. •;|i)l5
Piirpoae of J isili century. •:liMM
Kracili'd liy .1 I'lipary, •3lin
Si'ir-HHrrillre of .1 lli'nt)Vol'ce.»:|ll|H
VM. Iliii HlHic KiiKliirid. •.'fcil'.i
HuppriiMii liy Kovernment. •.'lov.ii
VlicHof.I InHlnciirlly. •2<i21
VIctorltMof ,1. Flclllli.ua. ••.H)22
I
MU..:!!'"it'inirt criiHrt-.-efiTi-tiCf^.
Animosity toward V. 211
Antl-rituiillnlli! ('. 41115
Approval of perHecutiou. 4.VII
Army of ('.James II. 312
( 'biirch attendance re(|uired liyCRV,'
Cruelty of ('. to P. Ireland. l.'l.'lil
Discoveries by ('. ml^*^iollarleM. 3li.'t.'i
Disfrancliised in Maryland. ,5(112
Distrusted by Protestants. 1 175
Fear of aSHasHliiatiiiK C. 3IIS2
Fidelity iionored-C. priests. 5l(ii)
Freedom of conscience by C. 1 1(1(1
Hatred of ('.-('romwcii's. .5(113
Instruction of C. proliib'd l)y P. isid
LtiaRue of C. -Ireland. 3151
Morality denied by Catholics. 3705
Oppressed by oiithof allcjflaiirc lis
Peril of C.-Oiinpowdcr plot. r.il5
Persecuted by Arlans. 4ii:i
" legislation Md. 4110
" In Ireland. 4117
"Scotland. 4118
Pf^rseoutlon of Puritans comp. 4V.iO
" C. l)y Scots. 41311 '
Popular excitement-Anti-C. 211
Prejuillce against c.-P. office. 4.'W2
" " "-Scots. 1113
Schoois-.strugKle for. 504(1
Severity toward C. -Floyd. 4.508
Slandered -Titus Gates. 27(iO
Terrorized in London. 4913
CATHOLICIMin.
Benefits of C.-Amalg. of races. •735
Wisdom of C. -Broad plans. ^730
MlHCcllaiieous erosuri'ft'rcnccs.
Bigotry of C.-Pope Plus V. 588
Bloody persecution of U. In Fla. H.55
Discussion of V. forbidden. .578
Conscience perverted by .1.
IMstninteil IliipiiHlllie.
Ki|ulvii('ittliin of .1. Kiiles.
Falseliood* coneernlng J.
Heroism of ■!. mis'tionarles.
l'roliil)lted in New York.
Si. MuNK,
Bold deed of m 'I'eleinailius
Siu .MoNKKUV.
Karly priigroHsof in. Popular
I Irlgin of III. Kody Hiibdued.
Success of III. Itll eeiltury.
.Md.NKS.
.Vrtistic Engllsii m.
Wealthy m. of Italy.
1105
.'1913
'2(M I
4213
3.V)H
47l(i
(I. H.')5
•3('i8.'l
•3081
•3(185
» 308(5
•3087
.\UHterlty of Ktrypllan m.
BegKitry pronioied by ra.
Fanatlclhiii of ni.
Literature preserved by m.
.Military m. -Templars.
Obedience of m.
Popularity of m lilli century.
Keniarkalile fimatleiMii Pillars
SurvlvliiK their nsefuliiess.
Sei' PAPACY,
against LIbcrty-Miigna charta.
Sec I'Ol'E.
Super^ede(l by Henry VIII. *
Supremacy of p. bcnefleiiil. *
Cruelty of p. (iregory XII.
Devotion to the p. -Entire.
Insolvent p.-Orcgory XIII.
" " -Uregory VII.
Licentious p. -Clement VI.
Slmoiiy of p. VlglUus.
I'oi'KRY.
Enslavement by p. -History.
Struggle with p.-Frederlck II
I'OfKS.
Disreputable p.-.lohn XII.
Si'C ROMANISM.
Civil assumptions of H.
Deliverance from H. -Prayer.
Display of U.-Prlests.
Hatred of U. -Protestants.
.'197
.'idii
37(12
.3.315
1025
3847
3171
..'lOr;
.575(J
32fC
•1301
• 1302
4511
.'id 10
2887
2889
3245
51.52
•4:103
•4.304
•«05
♦4929
•49.'J0
♦4931
♦49.32
780
CAUSE— CHALLENGE.
li
I .A
h It
Insulted by Protestants. ♦40:^3
ajfiilnst Llborty-Magiia t'liarta.*4931
*40,S,«i
Oppression of K.-tlie Poor:
I'utronl/ed by Jiimt's II.
liellef In U. S, .lobnson.
and tuc State-81xtiis V.
-Bonlfaee VIII.
" -Innocent III.
♦40;iC)
*4B37
•I9.S«
*40;i0
*4940
♦4941
*494a
*494:i
*4!I44
*4945
" " -England.
" " " -Assumption
UOMA.MSTS.
AlleKlnncoof H. Oatli. ♦4940
Dciioiinc'od-Cromwoll. *4947
I'lot of n. assassination. *4948
Sie HlSlldl', I'KIEST iinil UE-
I.KiloN ill luc.
CAUSE.
and Effect-Samuel Jubnson. ♦737
CrossrciVrences.
Insignificant c. of war.
Koiiiote c. -Cotton gin.
See A(iEN'r in loc.
CAIII'IOIV.
Needed-Abraham Lincoln.
300.-)
3113
7.38
Mlscc'llnncous criisa-reforcncea.
Excessive o. -Military science. 053
Necessary c.-Abraham Lincoln. 10-10
Needless.-Macedonian soldiers. 054
Ucjfcted-Braddock's defeat.
97
Kcmoved by compass.
3429
See DISCUETION.
Bettor than valor-Charles V.
♦1637
Soe PRUDENCE.
LonRevRy by p.-Loclce.
3320
vs. Love-AKesilaus.
3340
Military p.-Felt, not seen.
1093
See WARNING.
of nanRer-Rlchard I.
♦5947
Ineffective w.-Cresar.
♦5948
Disregarded l^y mother of Nero. 190
Effective w. to ofHcials.
Felon's w. -Manufacturers.
Neglected Diversion-Caisar.
Timely w.-Wash. by Lydia D.
Unmoved by w.-Alexander.
See WATCHFULNESS.
Safety by w. -Indians.
CAVAE.RY.
Formidable c. -Elephants.
CAVE.
rross-referencc-
HidlnR-place of Mahomet.
CAVIL.
Legislative c.-.\nswered.
3030
512
1089
4079
1048
♦5950
♦739
1023
Silenced by success-Cent. Ex.
Pee OBJECTIONS in loc.
740
743
CELEBRATION.
Marriage c.-Sons of Timour. ^741
llunicipal c.-Constantinople. +742
National c.-Centennial. ^743
Sei' CHRISTMAS.
Celebration of v. Revelry.
Changed by I'uritans-Fast.
IJencflclal celebration of c.
ClierLshed by the masses.
Sad c. -Columbus dejected.
Sec EASTER.
Bloody o. Sicilian Vespers.
Sec EUCHARIST.
Blessing in tiie e. -Spiritual.
S.e .lUHII.EE.
National-British, year 1809.
See PROCESSION.
Funeral p.-.Vlexander's.
Hoyal p.-(ireek emperors.
Triumphant p.- \urellan.
♦850
*H51
851
.3915
1881
1340
5085
*3032
♦4474
♦4475
♦4476
See FAULTS,
of Friends seen qniekly.
Kindness conceals f. Hervey.
Overlooked in Burnet.
" " friends.
Soe (iRUMItl.lXfi.
over Failures of .\d. Nelson.
< EKEinOIVV.
Comedy of c. -Court.
Dislike for e.- Napoleon I.
Slaves of c. Royalty.
Honors of triumph-Pompey. 5719
CELIBACY.
of Clergy-hritain-lOth century. ^744
See ISACHELOR in toe.
CEITIETERY.
Saddest c. -London Tower. ^745
Dismal-
"Death an eternal sleep
See RURIAL in loc.
CENSOR.
"840
Official
c.-i{iman.
♦746
♦747
See CRITIC,
at Churcli-G. S. Germain. ^1304
See rE,SSIMISTS.
Error of p.-Evlls are old. 126
National p. -English bankruptcy.451
CENNVRE.
Reaented by Dlonyslus. ^748
Unmoved by c.- Jackson. ^749
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Changed to pralse-Thebans. 2855
of the Dead refused-Bollngb'ke.777
VB. Insult-Llnooln. 534
Unmerited c.-Mary P. of 0. 788
See ACCUSATION.
by Deception-Maximus Fabius. 701
Mallcio-js a.-C. Wesley-V. 702
" " -Alexander. 1048
a Pretext-Plundering the Jews. 710
in.
242
Cross-refe'ence.
iu Bereavement-July 4th.
968
" " for violence-R.
See RLAME.
Assumed by Epaminondas. 2855
" -Generously-Lee. 3.380
Disowned-Church vs. King. 3617
Endurance of b. -Washington. 2342
Sec BLOT.
Shameful b.-William Penn's. *607
of the Times-Crosar's. ♦OOS
See COMPLAINTS.
Characteristic c.-Paimerston. 1311
Croaker's c.-Bad times. 1315
Disregarded-Romans. 3143
Ill-tempered c.-Johnson. 1593
Inconsiderate c.-Pericles. 1709
Perilous o. of captives-Indians. 505
Permission of c. -Denied. 1201
Useless c. against his mother-A :i4
Sec CROAKING.
of Degeneracy-Eng. Purit * ^1315
Habit of 0. about the weathe 1316
2231
2461
2798
2230
♦21110
*r.-.o
*7.')l
♦7,52
.Mlm'L'Ilaiicoiis criissrefereiice^.
Discarded Thomas Jefferson.
Iluniillating c. -Papal.
" " -Henry II.
Impressive c.-M. Theresa's cor.
Inauguration c. at founding c.
in Jurisprudence-Roman.
Mystical c. -Builders of R.
See CORONATION.
Ceremony of 0. -King of F. *
Seif-c. of Napoleon. *
2770
2008
21109
H90
s;)7
.•i!l85
3785
IIM
'1197
Fe.stlviil of c. -Edward I. 2127
See DECORUM,
in Debate-American Indians. *14S3
Ministerial d. -Samuel Johnson. *1484
Soe ETIQUETTE.
Burdensome e.-Edward IV. ^1925
Questions of e.-Wash. '8 Ad. ♦192'}
Restraints of e.-Anne. ^1927
Disgusting e. -James II. 2590
Important-Gen. Washington. 4034
Necessary- Washington-Howe. 1,')89
Overdone-King upset. 1.580
Quarrel over e. -Ludicrous. 7.-iO
P»e FORMALITY.
Recommended vs. Loyalty. .3848
Weakens the Church-Macaulay. 858
See INAUGURATION.
Joyful l.-Washington's. ^2708
Mystic i.-Turkish Sultan. ♦2769
Simplicity of i.-T. Jefferson. ^2770
Ancient 1. -Founding a city.
Ceremony of i. -Gothic kings.
Parsimonious 1. -James II.
See LITURGY.
Opposed by Scots. ♦3323
897
1196
4008
Opposed by Scots.
See RITUALIS.M.
Rejected-Catholic r. in Eng.
Trifles vitiate service in r.
See COURTESY' in loc.
CHALLENGE.
Dangerous c. -Rebel invasion.
Offered-Revolutionary War.
Political c. -Lincoln-Douglas.
Royal c. -Austrian prince.
Unaccepted-Alexius.
0133
♦4915
4685
♦758
♦7.54
♦755
♦756
♦757
Miscellaneous cross-reference.s.
Ignored by Ctesar. 4893
Naval c. -American-English. 2570
Unfortunate c.-H. 11.-" Eye p." 28
See DUEL.
Combat by d. -Alexander. •174«
CHAMPION— CHANGES.
IiTrpy.
Nfi.
'Isoii.
V.
I r.
r:.()
rr)i
fcriMH-es,
I'l'soii. i;7i)
•-'(iOH
sil's cor. 890
H'lffC. 8!)r
[11.
F.
VS5
'•ii:tc>
r.
tllan.'). *H,s.s
hii8on.*i.(84
E.
H'. *193,5
Ad. *]!)S'i
*i9-,'r
2590
Ktoii. 4034
Howe. \rm
ir,m
us. r.-,o
ty. .3848
caulay. 858
ON.
*2768
♦2769
ion. ♦srro
;y. 897
ng3. 1196
4008
*3383
61.33
I*?- ♦4915
4685
oil. ^758
r. ♦7.54
IS. *755
♦756
♦7,57
nce.s.
489.3
. 3570
ip." 88
*17«
Murder by rt.-Alex. HaniUton.*174r
Naval d.-Paul Jones. ♦1748
Proposed by monarcbs. ^1749
Religious d.-WelllnKton's. ♦1750
Challenge to tight ad. unacu'p'd.891
Combat by d.-Oenerals. 1543
Trial by combat-Gauls. 3054
War ended by d.-Thebana. 3884
Sec DUELS.
Inequality In d.-J. Qulnoy. ♦HSl
."^lu (ll.VMriON and UEFI-
A N'( ' K in ho.
CHAinPION.
M iBci'Uuiicoua crosa-refcronces.
In Battle-WlUlam of Norm'ndy.6905
for Free ln.stltutlons-Wm. of O. 3033
Kiilghts-Uod and the ladles. 1121
of Plety-Cromwell. 3921
Prowess of Uellsarlus. 4561
for Rellglon-John MlUou. 4680
" -Irreligious 0. 4687
Kepresentatlve c.-Alexander. 1746
for the Truth-John Howard. 5721
" " Weak-Byrou a c. 2242
See HERO.
Patriotic h.-Wllllam Wallace. ^8560
Unsurpassed h.-Muley Moluc. ♦2661
Admlred-Bellsarlus.
Christian h.-Thoraas Lee.
Contempt for cowardice.
Daring of h. -Sergeant Jasper.
Delfied-Claudius Brltannlcu.s.
Described-Charles XII.
Encouraged-Martln Luther.
Terrifying h. -Richard the Lion
See IlEKOES.
Dead b.-Solyman Invoked,
for Freedom-L'Ouverture.
Sec HEROISM.
Admirable h.-La Fayette.
" " -Prince Conde
Patriotic h . -Chovaller Bayard.
Persistent h.-r*ohammedan.
in Suffering-Lord Nelson.
Tarnlshed-Benedict Arnold.
Unfaltering h.-Jas. Lawrence.
1686
1571
1251
2151
2706
1970
1879
3770
♦2568
♦2563
♦2564
♦2565
♦2566
♦2567
♦2568
♦2569
♦2570
Brave h. of Devereux. 651
" " " Grenvllle. 652
Christian h. -Jesuit mls8ionarie8.3508
Invalid's h.-William P. of O. 2529
Missionary h. -Jesuits. 3636
" -M. B. Cox. 3643
vs. Nobility-Nelson. 5915
Patriotic h.-Cltizen. • 4068
" " -Pomponius. 4069
of Soldler-Phllip. 5945
Unappreciated by Continental C.176
Sec PUCILIST.
Amateur p.-Pi,lmerston. 1311
CHANCES.
Cr088-rcferen;e.
Misjudged by Nap. -Waterloo. 1042
Sec ACCIDENT.
Destiny by a.-" Box on the ear."*27
Dlreets life. 4652
Distress by a.-H. II. Lance In eye. ♦28
Revolution by a.-" Sicilian V." ^29
Saved by a.-T. Paine from G. *30
SIgniQcant a. -Duke Wm., omen. ♦SI
UtUlzed-Scalding broth. ^32
" -Duke Wm. sUpned. ^33
CrossrcfiTeiire.
of Birth-Napoleon.
Destiny by a.-BaJazet's gout.
Discovery of gravitation by a.
Happy a.-1'indlng seal of O. It.
Invention by a. -Spinning.
Life directed by a.-Deniost's.
Ominous a.-Premonitlon.
Outrage for a. -Mussulman.
Profession chosen by a.-Ca;sar.
ACCIDENTS.
Concurrence of a.-Adv'sity by.
See COINriDENCE.
Alarming c.-Doath of Crom.
Comforting c. -Biblical lesson.
Repeated c. -Theseus and Rom.
Strange c. -Adams and Jeff.
" "-H. M.'s apparition.
Marvellous c. -Martyr,
in Names-Bacon.
Remarkable c.-Mysterlous vole
Strange c. -Signals alike.
See CONTINOENCIES.
Combination of c.-C. of N. O.
of Success-Columbus.
See FORTUNE.
Change of f.-Columbus.
Contrasts In f .-Alexander.
Favors of f.-Charles V.
Forsaken by f.-Louis XIV.
lieversed-Duke of Exeter.
" -Nlcetas.
Reverses of f. -Banishment.
Sensitiveness of f.-Tlmotheus.
Change of f.-Countess of R.
" " " sudden-Claudius.
Forsakes the aged-Chas. V.
" -Louis XIV.
Good f. vs. Merit.
In Hands-Omar.
Irony of f.-Clan of Scott.
Remarkable good f .
Reversed- Titus Oates.
Reversal of f . In Sparta.
Sudden f.-Joy in.
Unsatisfying to Emp. Severus
See LOT.
Choice by 1. -Turkmans.
Days of I. Romans.
Encouragement for good 1.
See VENTURE.
Instructive v. of Franks.
Heroic v.-March to the sea.
See OAMRLING itt loc.
CHANGE.
Life c. -Loyola.
of Sides-" Bobbing John."
in Food-England.
592
611
2295
57H8
2968
3949
4419
1910
41H4
3800
♦905
♦900
♦907
♦908
♦909
4130
3775
e.250
1154
♦1154
♦1155
♦2200
♦2807
♦8808
♦2209
♦8210
♦8211
♦8812
♦8213
2028
3870
2808
8809
5393
8507
190
5-107
6831
95
4884
, 306
*3.333
Decision by l.-Columbus. 5864
Selection by 1. Mahomet's father.795
See LOTTERY.
Profitable l.-Experlence-P. C. *33;M
Sec LUCK.
Days of 1. -Ancient. ♦3301
1395
0081
♦5795
70
♦758
♦759
781
J175
CHANGKH.
Mlacell;inouUrt crcw-refercncea.
Business c. successful. 3857
Favored by Radicals-England. 4018
Life's c. -Napoleon's son. 597
Opposed by con8ervatlves-Eng.4013
See AIMJSTASY.
Open a. of Roraanus. ♦851
Primitive a. by persecution. ♦2.")3
Discreditable i.-I'.otestant.
Eiicourugcd by law-Maryland
Explained-Incuiisistency.
Reaction of f oref J converts to
Required of ofiBeer.
Sei' APOSTATE.
Honored unwisely.
Shameful a. -Justus.
Sie APOSTATES.
Forgiven by primitive C.
i9;io
. 4116
2774
a. 920
3177
1359
♦8.53
Malice of a.-Kniuhts Templars. 1939
" " " Julian's. 2549
SiH' DISSUASION.
Impossible -Coitez. *V\Hr>
See E.XCIIANOE.
Unequal e. -Romulus. ^5081
See FOCiVISM. •
Judicial f.-Lcariiing needless. ♦2104
an t)bstucle-Manufacturers. ♦8105
Uuveiled-Uokleii Age. ♦2100
See IMPROVEMENT.
( ipposed-Sewing-machines. ♦8705
Repressed, social-England. ^2700
Agricultural 1. opposed.
" " in Germany.
Forestalled-Conyervatlves.
Period of architectural 1.
Prevented by legislation.
(I ti i(
Self-lmprovement-Mental.
Sec INCREASE.
lueflfectlve-G. III. and Am.
See TROORESS.
Checked-Family.
by Competit'.on-Isaac Newton.
" Development-Farmers.
Feeble-Syrians- Egyptians.
Hopeless-Polar Sea.
Human-Germany.
Ignoreu-C'harles I.
1189
1377
1120
286
3110
3111
1776
C.
♦4491
♦4493
♦4493
♦4494
♦4495
♦4496
♦4497
Age of P.-1485 to 1514. 918
" " " -13th century. 142
" " " -Refonnation-D.-Art. 143
of Civilization by experiments. 906
-Britons. 911
" " -European. 91i
" -Grecian. 910
Delaycd-Social p. of Russians. 907
Difficult in tine art. 345
Expectation exceeded. 6186
in Knowledge-Aristotle. 3093
" Longevity-One fourth-Eng. 3267
" Manufactures-Clocks. 3.374
Moral p.-SIave-trade. 5203
by Observation-Crusades. 5680
Opposed-Gas-ltght. 3298
782
("HAUACTEU.
!!
Opp<i8e(l-Po8t-<ilHce.
4;«3
-HlKliways.
•1414
" -Manufacture of iron
411.')
" -StaKO-coachea.
5(i84
Opposition to p. vain-London
H!K)
" " " -Inventions.
8980
-Lights.
3033
-Uallroad.
4010
by nellKlon-CoIonlzatlon.
4739
in " -''More trutli."
4r;«
-Mahomet.
4740
slow p. -Travel-Am. Colonies.
r)088
Social p.-("ltles.
S354
11 11 11
5355
Springs of human p.
4.532
Sudden p. in fine art.
349
in Travel exped!ted-Romo.
5684
" Vlce-Commodus.
1354
See REACTION.
from E.xcess-Persecutlon.
*4017
Moral r.-Hestoratlon of C. II.
*4618
" " -Puritanism to sin.
♦4B19
of Anger-Peter the Great. 5091
" -Alexander. 1744
" Cruelty-Nero's persecution. 13.")8
" Excess-English revolution. 1909
" Extravagance-example of V. 397
against Labor- Probus's soldiers. 310
Natural n-Cleanllness-Watts. 917
of Opposition-Religious. 3933
" Oppression -Liberty. 3329
Piety by r. of sins. 4180
Political r.-Van Buren's Admin. 51
of Public opinion-Cavaliers-P. 399
Social r. against Puritans. 303
Unexpected r. -James II. 315
See REVOLUTION,
by Contagion-Am. and France. ♦4873
Instantaneous r.-Purltans. ^4874
Conspiracy for r.-Cleomenes. 2445
Contempt prepares for r. 3902
Literary r.-Thomaa Paine's. 1027
by Oppression of the poor-U. 2450
Plot for r.-Vicious. 1140
Provoked oy legislation. 980
.See REVOLUTIONS.
Injustice brings r. ♦4875
Retrogradive r.-Rest'n of C.II.* 487(5
See VICISSITUDES,
in Life-Eng. nobility. 2210
" " -Columbus. 2173
" " -C.Jerome. 2,521
See CONVERSION, REFORMA-
TION and SUBSTITUTE
1» Inc.
CHARACTER.
Changeful c.-Honlfaoe VIII. ♦760
Composite c. -Luther. ♦7G1
Contradictory c.-James II. ♦7C2
" -Elizabeth. ♦763
Discipline of c.-Cromwell. ♦764
Disclosed-Samuel Johnson. ♦765
Elevation of o.-Aristldes. ♦766
Estimated-CromweH's. ♦767
Foundation of o.-Germans. ^768
Greatness of c. -Luther. ♦709
Grotesque c.-Poet Shelley. ♦770
Inherited-American Indians. 'TTl
Mlslnterpreted-Charles II. ♦TTS
Moulded by theology-Crom.'s. ♦773
Natural c.-Fostered- A lexander. ^774
above OfHce-Theodosius. , ^775
Trifling c.-Oreeks. ♦770
Miscellaneous croSH-referenccs.
Affected by vice. 2282
Affection baaed on c. 2087
Affects opinions of Heaven. 2.545
Affinity in c.-William of Orange. a2;«
from Ancestry-Elizabeth. 702
" " -Americans. 771
-Pilgrim fathers.3173
liasenesB of c.-Emp. Carlnus. 2029
Biblical o.-Purltans. 45HI
Blot-Ineffaceable on Nap.'s c.
Blotted by treachery-Brutus.
" -Simony of Penn.
Brutal-Jeffreys' c. described
Change of national c. -Swift,
by Climate-Asiatics.
" " -Demoralizing.
" " -Johnson.
" " -Laplanders.
" " -Northern,
(.'ommunlon discloses c.
Complete c. of Cwsar.
Contemptible c.-James I.
Contradictory c.-T. Cranmer.
" -Steele.
Contraated-Athenlans-L.
" -Cicero vs. Cfesar.
Crisis of c.-Queen Mary.
Debased-National-Greeks.
Decadence of c. -Alexander.
Deceptive c. described.
Decision of o. In youth.
Deeds defend c.-Napoleon.
Deficiency in c. -Cicero.
Deficient In c.-Philip.
Degraded-Hungarians.
2201
285C
8775
1994
4018
951
9.53
949
9,52
950
3204
2479
3028
1018
1037
3790
is;m
1171
1507
1673
1470
1.502
5170
2880
4589
1509
Despicable c.-Philip II. of Spain.902
Destroyed by intemperance. 2910
Deteriorated by luxury. 4888
Detraction of c.-Canonlzatlon. 1884
Developed by education. 13.54
Disgust for c. vs. Manners. 2087
Evinced by conduct. 1326
Examined-Funeral honors. 2258
Excessive virtues-c. of C. XII. 1970
Good o. awakens animosity. 1910
Ilonored-St. Pierre. 4039
Imperilled by bad associations. 890
Importance of c.-Marriage. 3409
Inconsistency of c.-Motassem. 2773
Influence by c.-Epaminondas. 2310
Inherited-Charles I. 3628
Insincerity of c.-Charles I. 1070
Judgment of c. diverse. 5102
Levity of c. contrasted. 3200
Life attests c.-Anastasius. 3253
Lovable c.-Charles Talbot. 2233
Mlsjudged-Southey"sCromwell.3916
Mixed-" Priest, atheist and g." 5225
Necessary in judges. 3038
Neutral c.-Mohammedana. 4581
Noble c.-John Winthrop. 3173
Nobility of o.-St. Pierre. 4039
" "-Regulus. 5081
" "-Sthennls. 3819
Opinions indicate c.-Sceptlc. 8919
Overlooked in marriage. 3408
Perfect femalo c. Four. 0076
" " " -Queen Mt ry. 6077
Protected by e. -Trajan. 3873
Proof of strength. I.")fl3
Purity of c.-sh- Isaac Newton. 600
Race c.-Amerlcan Indians. 3780
Religion exalts c.-True. 4731
Respect for c. -Howard. 4105
Responsibility develops o. 2845
Rule of c.-C. jorge Washington. 28.36
Shameless moral c.-Klizabeth. 1596
Springsof c.-Knlglitsvs. P. 4.583
Training of o.-Spartana. 1817
Transparent c. maligned. 4183
Triumph of c.-Purltans. 4890
Unbalanced c. of Burns. 246
Undisguised c.-Rlchard I. 1473
Unlnjurec by great success. 2885
Unllkeness in c. -Friendship. 2228
1. 11 .1 -Harmony. 223".
" " " 2237
Unprincipled c. -Buckingham. 1524
Variation of c.-.\lexander. 1673
Vice deteriorates 0. 3412
Vindlcated-Cromwell's c. .3921
War develops c. -Englishmen. 5882
Weakness of c.-Charles I. 1482
Worth of c.-Louls IX. ' G
Wreck of c.-Sarah Jennin- •• '' '
See D18Pt>srriO> .
Alarming d. -Poet W'rdsw ih's.
Evil d.-Charles the Bad.
Gloomy d. of Dr. Young.
Quarrelsome d. -Louis XIV.
Savage d. of Frederick Wm.
Variable d. of Alexander.
Acquired-Avarioe-Johnson.
Changed by discord-James V.
" " adversity.
Distrusted-Frederick II.
" -James II.
Embittered by wrongs.
Helpful d. -Alex. 's education,
by Heredity-Frederick II.
" " -Melancholy.
" " -Nero.
Inherited-Nero.
Sec MORALITY.
Conventional m. -Shelley's f.
Denied-Roman C. In England.
Philosophic m. of Socrates.
Preserves tlie State-Rome.
II 11 (I 11
vs. Refinement-Rome.
Shallow m. -Clerical.
1008
♦1669
♦1070
♦1071
♦1672
♦1673
425
306
1070
2802
3996
4805
4796
2551
.3560
5200
1347
♦3704
♦3705
♦.3706
♦3709
♦3710
♦.3707
♦3708
In Army of Cromwell. 5251
Decline in English m. 2994
Destruction of public m. 4618
Deterioration of Roman m. 8065
Devotion without m. 8732
Doubtful m. of slavery-Cortez. 1106
Indifferent to m-Elizabeth. 1596
in Motive-Samuel Johnson. 3734
Needful for liberty. 8282
Object of Persian religion. 4709
Perfection of pagan m. 47.30
Preserved in army-Gus. XII. 4174
" " convents. 1169
3408
01)7(1
ienMrry. 00;r
3«r3
i.joa
coo
3780
4731
n.
N'ewton
Inii8.
e.
(1.
so.
Iilnffton. 8H;je
izabeth
s. P.
8.
3d.
II.
ce.s.s.
Ishlp.
ony.
igbam.
ler.
c.
hmen.
I.
w ih's.'iees
♦1069
*1070
IV. *]G71
iVm. *1073
r. ♦1073
1590
4583
1817
4183
4890
•.'46
1473
8285
•i-i-iS
823!
•."37
1524
1073
3418
3981
5882
1488
son.
les V.
Ion.
'sf.
land.
rtez
1.
1.
425
306
1070
2203
3996
4805
4796
2.-)51
3500
5200
l.-!47
♦3704
♦3705
♦3706
•3709
♦3710
♦3707
♦8708
5851
2994
4618
8065
8732
1106
1596
3734
3388
4709
4730
4174
1169
■■4
Promoted In benevolence. 4163
Heasouubl' m. of Cbristlanlty. 8830
Rejected by art-Debauched K. 103
vs. ReltKion of Artastres. 4724
UellKlonthe fountalnli 8370
btiindard of political m. 4845
Tralninf; In m.-I'erslan youtli. 1771
I'ndermlned by false phll'g'phy. 1713
" Jesuits. 1105
Unmerltorlous m. -Monks. 1109
See QUALITY.
More than (juantlty-War.
Tested by swords.
•4.'>90
♦4591
♦•'592
More tlian numbers-War.
.3*31
3833
-Cromwell. 311
Selected for q.-Magl. 3833
Wanting In q.-Men-War. 3843
See REPUTATION.
Bleraished-Napoleon I.
Changeful r.-Robert Burns.
Deceptive r.-Charles XII.
Evil r,-Ireland.
False r.-Arlstldes.
Fictitious r.-Gen. Chas. Lee.
Field for r.-WashlnRton.
Mixed r.-Alexander'8.
Preserved-Lincoln's.
for Probity-Cato.
Stained r.-Wllliam Pitt's,
for Veracity-James II.
♦4784
♦47a5
♦4786
♦4787
♦4788
♦4789
♦4790
♦4791
♦4798
♦4793
♦4794
♦4795
Accidental-Van Buren's Admin. 51
Blot on r,, one- William Penn. 607
" " " -CiPsar's captives. 608
Borrowed-" Wash." Irving. 3771
Burled with the person. 1397
vs. Character-Lyourgus. 3864
Confidence In r.-Cloero. 1035
Contempt for r., deceptive. 5168
Contradictory r.-Robert the d. 3760
Cost of social r.-Estimate. 3671
Deceptive r.-Commodus. r>743
Delayed-John Milton's. 8325
Destroyed by avarice-Demosth. 672
Destruction of r. necessary. 1950
Dlsregarded-Efifr'ntYy of "B. F.''37
Knvled-Arlstides. 1910
False r. given-Henry VIII. 2153
" "of wealth. 5979
Good r. at home-Lincoln. 1488
Guarded- Athenian judges. 3038
for Honesty. -G.Washington. 2611
Honorable r. -Emperor Titus. 4307
Indifferent to r.-Catiline. 392
Mallgned-Charles Wesley. 708
Mixed r.-Washingion Irving. 3771
Questioned-IIonesty-K. John. 8618
TS. Reality-James I. 8154
Rescued by history -Cromwell. 8577
Restored-Cromwell's. 3075
Sacrlficed-Tool of tyranny. 3548
f' money-Chas. I. 3662
Shameful r.-Dlck Talbot. 3803
Spur to valor. 5767
by Success- Washington. 5408
" " -Yorkshire. 5409
Time for growth-Milton. 3310
ClIAKITY— CHILI).
Unjust r. for avarice-Joseph 11. 778
Wronged by rival. 1911
CHARITY.
for the Dead-Bollngbroke. ^777
Distrusted-Joseph II. ^778
Nobility of o.-Arlfltotle. ^779
Wise c. of Jol '> iloward. ^780
Wonderful o. .v'oman'.s. ^781
TS,*]
MiaccllnneouH cross-rcfiTriicps.
Ble8ging8-"Hand never grow o.
Confiscated to avarice.
In Conversatlon-Cato.
a Crime-English law.
" Dangerous o.-Roman.
vs. Hospitality of Britons.
Hurtful c. -Labor degraded.
Rule of o.-Mohammedan c.
Success by c. -Howard.
Wist c. -Count Rumford.
of Woman-Lfflta.
See I5EXEVOLEXCE i» lor.
CHARITI.
Protecting c. -Thunder and 1.
" "-Agnus Dei.
See ENCHANTMENT.
Boyish e.-DavId Crockett.
" " in books-Irving.
Personal e. by Mahomet.
Soo INFATUATION.
Destructive 1. of Nero,
of Pride-James 11.
"515
8079
1170
3111
.5218
2(U0
30<.t9
544
.'•.13
0044
♦7H2
♦783
034
020
2124
♦2819
♦2820
of Curloslty-Pliny. ,5050
Inventor's 1 -Arkwrlght. 5108
of Love- Page of Mary Stuart. 3342
Political 1.- James II. 3;J88
Popular l.-Conquest of Florida. 75
of War-Charles XII. 1239
See MAGIC in tor.
CHASTISEMENT.
of Children-Scourge.
784
CroB»-refcrence9.
Ineffective c -Young W. 1068
Humiliating c.-Ooldsmlth's. 2004
Moral effect of c. -Salem witch. 845
Morality Improved by c. 3711
Passionate o. deplored. 4019
See FLOGGING.
Comfort under f.-Christian. ^2159
Excessive f.-Tltus Gates. ♦2160
Brutality in f. -Jeffreys'. 2802
Common-Servants-Ch. -Wives. 2800
Triple f.-Real and false. 2754
See AFFLICTION in loc.
CHASTITY.
and Civilization-Opposed. ^785
Invincible c.-R. Gen. Bell8ariu8.^780
Rare-Roman maidens. ^787
Miscellaneous cross-refereDces
by Coercion-Matilda.
Ignored by Spartans-Ruin.
See VIRGINITY.
Dedlcated-Pulcherta.
Faith In v. -Joan of Arc.
Regard for v.-8uperstltlone.
See CELIBACY in loc.
5862
6137
♦5835
♦5887
4616
CHBEHFITE,NE!«8.
Slmulated-Qucen Mary.
♦788
MlBcellnncouA cross-references.
Necessary In worship.
Politic vs. Molitncholy.
See COMFORT.
by Affection of friends-Martyr.
" Dream-Napoleon I.
in Misfortune-Mohammedan o
Religioui c. In distress.
trial.
See CON.SOLATION.
of Phllosophy-BoetliluH.
See ENCOURAGEMENT
Timely e. for Luther.
" '-Columbus.
Visionary e. -Columbus.
Helpful e. of a friend.
See E.XHILARATION.
of Music vs. Drink.
See HUMOR.
Admlred-Abraliam Lincoln.
Fondness for h.~A. Llncolu.
6160
1070
3403
17'J5
. 1,508
21.59
8205
♦1134
♦1879
♦1880
♦1881
5403
3753
♦2677
♦2678
vs. Earnestness-Lincoln. 1756
Subdued by h. -Amazon. 19,^3
See .JOY.
of Discovery-Galileo. ♦3088
Fatal j. -Shock to explorers. ♦SOag
Intoxicating j.-Wellingt(m'8. ^3030
Public J. -Acquittal of 7 Bps. ♦;W31
of Benevolence-A. Lincoln. MO
" " -Faraday. ,537
" " -John Howard. 4192
" " -Rev. J. Newton. 3077
" Business-Chauncey Jerome. 690
" Dlsccvery-Spaniards. '2206
Domestic J. of Marcius. 112
Fatal j. -Lover's. 3318
Inconsiderate j. f)f peace. 40Oi
of Peace- War of 1818. 4091
Reaction of J. -Insanity. ;W98
of Realization -Columbus. 4023
Religious j. in persecution. .5,S4
Speechless J.-Lajolals. 3998
of Success-Columbus. 5398
In Wealth-Sudden. 4848
Sec LAUCillTER.
Power in l.-Piilmerston. 1311
See SMILE.
Resented by Tiraour. ♦.5214
CHEEI^ING.
Cros; .reiice.
Effective-" Yelling regiment." ^789
See APPLAUSE.
Ancient Germans' a.-Clashing s. ^270
Consequence of a. -Inspiration. ^271
Indifference to a.-Napoloon. ^278
Distrusted by Cromwell. 3739
Presumption from a. 2570
See ENCOURAGEMENT in loc.
CHE:mSTRY.
CrosB-rcfereiice.
Infatuated with c.-I. Newton. 814
CHILD.
Influence of a o. -Sovereign. ^790
Passionate c.-Blaise Pascal. ♦791
Power of a c. -Ruler. ^799
T84
C'lIILDlIOOD— ('HILI)UKX.
i!l.
i!
li'
Precocious c.-SamuolJohn8on.
Rulned-Orlef for.
Value of a c.-lOO caiuela.
798
794
795
Miscellaneous crnssrererences.
Affection of Webster for his c. 501
Uxpectatlous unroallzod In c.-N. 597
Honored by Mahomet. 6-iOl
Impressed by counsel. 2703
Maternal devotion to her o.-A. 190
Mlsslnfi c. in burniuK house. -W. 1 19
Petitioner forBiiving life. 4108
Pltiful-Wounded-Iudlan war. 3731
Reproof of a c. 4780
Unruly c. -Frederick II. 575d
CHI1.DIIOOD.
Impressible-Conversion. ^790
Terrors of c.-Willlam Cowper. *r»7
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Apprehensions in c.-Sln.
Kducatlon of c.-Results of.
Forecast of manhood.
Genius In c.-Goldamlth.
Undisciplined c. -Byron.
CHILDREIf.
Abused-Paupers-England.
" -Splnaing.
Blessing-Mahomet.
Delight in c.-Mahomet.
Disolpline of c.-Severlty.
Frlghtened-Illness-Death.
Labors of o.-Slx years old.
Mistratned c.-John Milton's.
Overgovernment of o.-J. H.
Protection of c.-^oman.
Save the State-Washington,
of the State-Spartans.
Surrender of c.-to Valens.
Surviving o.-Samuel Johnson.
Treasures-Poor man's.
Unfortunate c.-Tartars.
5160
3881
5914
8301
3738
♦798
*799
•800
*801
•802
♦803
•804
♦805
•80C
•807
•809
•808
•810
•811
•818
♦813
Miscellaneous cross-reffirenccs.
Abuse of o.-Frederlok Wm. I. 5741
Adaptation to o. -Luther. 8543
Bereavement of c- Wordsworth. 500
Bond of marriage-Indians. 1705
Chastisement of c.-Scourgo. 784
" "-Whlpp'dtod.798
Condesoension to c.-Parental. 8108
Conduct depends on mother. 3727
Cruelty to c.-Irlsh persecution. 1336
" " "-Tlmour. 1337
Degraded by punishment-lOth C.802
" or dead-whlch f 1046
Desire for c.-Mahomet. 4333
Desired or divorce. 1704
Destroyed by parents. 8065
Destruction of c.-Par«ntal. 4356
" " weak c.-Spart'ns. 1350
Devotion to o.-Indian mother8.3589
Discipline of o.-Inconsiderate. 8714
Disobedience encouraged-Law.4119
Diversity of character in c. 287
Extortion-Unfortunate c. 607
like Fathers-Patricides. 1895
Government of c. by authority. 411
Oovemed by fear-Infant c. 2115
Hatred taught to Iri.ib o. 1336
in Heavcn-Swedenborg. 0807
Honesty exposes c.-to Burns. 1972
Imperilled by servants-Scott. 2HH8
Indepeudeul of oversight. , 27H1
Ingrate o. of Henry 11. 2S,')3
Manhood Influenced by c. 3tH)2
Mourning for d. c. prohibited. 3730
Numerous bastard o. in Flanders. 05
Obedience of c. -Spartan. 5071
Patriotism taught to c. 4071
Personality deniud-Romans. 4003
vs. Pet dogs-Ca'sar's reproof. 'J33
Physical development of c. 2530
of Poverty-Wesley's. 4289
" -Tolls of. 4894
Prayer for c. answered. 1080
Prayers of c. asked. 1780
Preservation of c. from Indians. 117
Proof of marriage In c. 318;^
Prosperity brought by v.-A rabs.45i8
Punished for parent's sin. 4571
" " ancestor's sin. 0175
Punishment of c.-Puii utal. 4573
Rebellic )n of c , -Natural. 605
Scourgirif; c. -Excessive. 1350
of the State-Soldiers' orphans. 4004
" " " -Spartans-8 years. 1817
" " " " 1822
Suffer by intemperance. 2921
Tender regard fore. -Impressive 2351
Trained to obedience. 1822
" for citizenship. 2188
" in language. 3130
early-J. Qulncy. 3887
Truthful by training. 2013
Vain anxieties for prosperity of. 190
See ADOPTION.
Captives among Indians. *57
by the State of soldiers' orphans. ^58
Annulled by Gabrlel-M. '» son.
Pitiful a.-Foundllng.
Substitutes in families by a.
See BABE.
Influence of b. -Pardon.
King of Soots-James.
" " Eng. and Fr.-HenryVI.
Supposititious b. -Believed.
See BOY.
Enchanted b.-Davld Crockett.
Precocious b.-Themistocles.
" " -Benj. Fi-anklin.
Reformed b.-Davld Crockett.
Runaway b.-Benj. Franklin.
" Scientific " b.-R. Stephenson.
Enchanted by books-Irving
Endangered by genius.-Bums.
Fortitude of b.-Martyr.
Hallucination corrected.
Honorable-.Vbraham Lincoln.
Hope in b. blasted-Howard.
Independent b. -Caesar.
Ingenious b.-Eli Whitney.
" " -Newton.
Manly b. in adversity. -II. Davy,
Name of b. fortunate-Ctesar.
Observing b.-W. Scott, "button
Prodigy in figures-Colburn.
Ungovernable b.-Hugh Miller,
Unpromising b.-Bp. George.
781
8074
4001
3079
3080
3913
♦o;^4
♦635
♦036
♦037
♦038
♦039
020
246
41.30
27;j4
4635
4002
2788
88
3543
80
3772
." 19
8532
2463
264
See BOYHOOD.
Dull b.-Oliver (JoUlsniltli.
Humble b.-Plzarro.
Ingenuity In b. Isuiic Newton.
See BOYS.
Miscellaneous cross-references
Friendship of b. -Byron.
Interest lu b.-Luther.
tiuarrels of b. useful.
See DAUailTEU.
Appreciative d. -Cromwell's.
Expelled for piety.
Obedient to p. in marriage.
Pleadings of d.-Pardon.
Revenge of d. -Murderer.
Unappreciated-China.
See INFANTS,
in Hoaven-Swedenborg.
♦610
♦0-11
♦042
Infanticide in oppression.
See rUECOCITY.
Remarkable p. -James Watt.
" " -.\lox. Pope.
8212
497
179
1800
1603
123
3993
0056
1035
♦2818
2410
♦4402
♦4403
Educational p.-S. Johnson. 1815
of Genius-WilUani C. Bryant. 2329
Juvenile p. of Themistocles. 035
in Mathematics. 8532
" -Colburn. 35,S.')
Remarkable p.-S. Johnson-3 yrs.793
Youthful p. of B. Franklin. 6.30
See SON.
a Devoted s. -Confucius. *585!i
like Mother-Nero. ^5200
Reconciling s.-Themistoclcs. ♦5201
Affectionate s.-Wm. Cowper. 110
"-Walter Scott. Ill
" "-Calus Marclus. 112
"-Sertorlus theR.G. 1 13
" "-Alexander. 114
" "-Ni»poleon I. 115
Antipathy of J. Howard's son. 122
Ashamed of his mother. 3722
Birthof s., Joy by. 4529
Destroyer of mother-Nero. 1M7
Dlsinherlted-Rellgion-Penn. 3970
Disobedience expiated. 1602
Dutiful s. in manhood. 3723
" "-Alexander the Great. 3730
Grateful s.-Napoleon I. 3727
"-Nero. 3721
Illegitimate s. honored. 3470
Ingrato s. -Matricide-Nero. 3743
" "-Nero. 1110
"-Infamous. 3713
Mother makes the son. 2000
Reformed by running away-C. 037
Rejected by fathor-Wm. Penn. 4745
Shameless s.-Prlnce Ferdinand. 5125
0214
1034
4005
3728
Wayward s. reclaimed.
See SONS.
Ingrate s. of Henry II.
Pride in s.-Mother's-Cornella
Bee YOUTH.
Ardor of y. -Lafayette. •0188
Attractive y.-Mahomet. •OlSO
Backwardness In y. *0190
Capacity in y. -G.Washington. •6191
Corrected-Arlstotle. ^6198
CHIMERA— CHRIST.
78^
n.
'itH-2
497
EK
179
well's
1800
1603
iage.
12:i
1.
3998
3r.
0056
1035
s.
c-
*aHiH
on.
rv
2110
kVatt.
♦4403
ope.
*4403
son.
1815
•yant.
2339
cles.
635
3538
n.
3583
on-3 yrs.T93
lln.
036
*535!.
*58eo
clos.
*5201
ir.
114
il.
115
8 son
128
3722
4529
•o.
1347
nn.
397C
1663
3733
Gfreat
.3730
3737
3731
3470
D.
3743
1110
3713
2066
ly-C.
637
Ponn.
4745
•6188
♦6189
♦6190
ton. ♦6191
♦6198
Corrupted by Catiline. ^61 93
Bncmles In y.-VVm. P. of O. ♦6194
Folly of y.-Ed(?ar Allan Poo. *6li)5
Fountain of y.-Florlda. ♦0196
Genius In y.-Isaao Newton. ♦0197
Hardships In y.-O. Wa8lilngton.^6198
-C. Jerome. ♦6199
-A. Lincoln. ♦02OO
Hope In y . -Mahomet. ♦6801
Humble y.-Romulu.s. ♦6802
an Index-Charles I. ♦6203
Manhood out of y.-P. Cooper. ^6804
Mental basis In y.-Glbbon. ♦CSOS
Negleotod-Peter the Great. ♦Ci.'OO
Perfecting y.-Swedeiiborg. ♦0807
Preparation in y.-WashinKton.^030H
Presumption of y.-Louls XIV. ♦0209
Regard for y.-" Kising Sun." ♦0310
Studious y. -John Milton. *6811
Training of y.-Persians. ♦0212
Unpromising y. -Lincoln. ♦0213
WUdness in y.-f Jeorge MUUer. ^0314
Abilities shown in y. by Alex.
In y. of Sclplo. 189
Ability In y. of Charles XII. 144
Affections of y.-Isaao Newton. 108
Adversity In y. overruled. 1785
-G. Washington. 1T84
" " " " " 1788
" "-A. Lincoln. 1787
Ambition In y.-ThemlstocIes. 189
" " study-Jones. 1776
Blemished by gray hair. 2499
Brave in death-Covenanter. 050
" y.-Blaok Prlnce-15 years. 470
Choice in y. 3254
Conversation, Instructed by. 2182
Conversion changes evil y. 2351
Corrected in later llfe-Miiller. 878
Devotion to y.-Teacher's. 6150
Determination In y. 1508
Dissolute y.- Hernando Cortez. 78
Educated in patriotism-Spart. 894
Fearless y. -Benedict Arnold. 8132
Fidelity In y. rewarded-Drake. 5007
Folly of y. considered. 8003
Foreshadows the man. 3404
Foundation In y.-Good. 5389
Fountain of y. In free lnstlt'tl'ns.313
' not found. 1007
Friend of y. -Peter Cooper. 1785
Happy y. -School-days. 5034
Hypocritical y.-Augustus. 48,j0
Impressions In y.-Wm. P. of O. 2703
" "-Cruelty. 3774
Instructed In laws. 3104
Invention In y.-" Mule." 2980
Knowledge in y.-Thirst for. 3090
Labor in y.-Thurlow Weed. 3181
Lite-plan made in y. -Milton. 38.')0
Lover in y. -Napoleon. .3343
Mathematician In y.-Pascal. 2384
Mechanical taste In y. 3543
Ministry In y.-R. Watson. 3015
Misgovernment of y.-IIo ward's. 411
Neglected education of y. 1808
Objection to y. removed. 144
" " " byvotes.129
Offences, Lingering regrets for.-S.19
Preiumptton of y.-Pompey. 6810
Promotion In y.-Alexander.
Protected by good relatlves-A,
Ruined-Undisciplined y.
Saorillces in y.-Knowledge.
Sadness of y. -Melancholy.
Sceptlclam of y. cured.
Selected In a dream.
Spirited y.-Alberic the Roman
Study in y.-Isaao Newton.
Teacher of y. Imitated.
Temptations In school.
Tested-" Win his spurs."
Trained to cruelty.
II ti II
Trials In y.-Napoleon.
Sfo El)t:CATI<)N, FAMILY, YO
MAN, Y()1'N(J .MEN. YOlX
I'ECJI'l.K, ill luc.
1813
382
1018
3095
.■l,^03
3834
1733
2100
5037
5030
150O
130.-)
1300
5033
I'Mi
II
CHIITIERA.
Pursuit of c. -Isaac Newton.
See CKAZE.
for Gold-Emigrants.
S>eo HALLUCINATION.
Realistic h -Luther and the d. ♦2500
♦814
33.S8
Enthusiast's h.-Joan of Arc.
See DELU.SI<>N in tuc.
3;«1
CHIVAIiRY.
Baseness of c.-Edward I. ♦SIS
Modern c. -Union-Confederate. ♦SIO
Order of c.-Knightsof St. John.^817
Patriotic c.-Paul Jones. ♦SIS
Miscell&.ieous cross-references.
in Battle-BrennevllIe-BloodlesB
" " -Prince Rupert.
Brutality of c.-Edward I.
Courtesy of c.-Black Prince.
Demoralized by shameful c.-F,
Misdirected c.-De Soto-Am.
vs. Property-Marriage.
" Puritanism-England.
See KNIGHTHOOD.
Ceremony of k. -Chivalry.
See KNIGHTS.
Origin of Order of K. of St. John.817
See rOLTTENESS in toe.
CHOICE.
of Both-Lysander. *819
Manlfested-Plzarro. ^830
Necessary-My head or king's. *831
Painful c.-Death of Strafford. *823
401
404
815
1300
809
1980
3406
4583
♦3080
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Dlfflcult-Mr. Dustln's children. 117
Necessary c. -Charles I. 410
of Life made In youthtime. 3354
Painful c. -Charge or be charged. 71
" " -Clotilda. 1040
Paradise or perdition. 0141
Politician's c.-Ch. vs. Vote. ,3874
Thirst vs. Royalty. 5958
Unhappy c. -Money or teeth. 8001
See DECISION.
Final d.-Cajsar-Rublcon. *1480
.1 II .1 .1 »]4gi
Lacking d. -Charles I.-Naseby. ^1482
See DILEMMA.
Decided by Maicla.
♦1591
Painful d. -church vs. State. 41 1m
Ruin Inevitable. 4!i5ri
Unavoidable d. Extortion. 30O3
Sec von NTKEU.
Welcome-All-Mahoniet. 03(11
Sic VOLFXTKEKS.
Adventurous v. -Conquest of Fla 7ri
Choi(M) of v. Soldiers. .'i7liO
Daring-Blowing up the ram A. 73
for Self-saLTllioe-Caliils. 4«;!9
Sec ELECTION in U,r.
<' II It! ST.
Carlcatured-'l'e I il f y i 1 1 }f . *83;i
Defence of C.-King of Franks. *S31
Honors for C. -Illustrated. *83.-i
Preaching C.- Erasmus. *830
Substituted by the Pope. *837
Theory of C.-Miihumei's. *.83S
Misct;Il;vnL'onrt crosH-rffcrenccs.
Allegiance to C. professed.
Blood of C.-Atoneracnt.
Everything, all else nothing.
Example of C. comforting.
imitated.
1099
fiO:) 1
11m;
21.V.t
5'K
" " "sustains-Johnson-.W!
Faith In C. alono-Peaee. 4103
Fidelity to C. -Scotch maiden. 4143
Fighting for.C.-Fanatics. 2091
Image of C. on linen cloth. 3730
Light of C. in darkness. 4130
Longing to be with C.-Vane. 3i)39
Loyalty to C. -Supremo. 1003
for Others-Melancholy. 1193
Phantom C.-Mahomet's view. 838
Refuge for sinners-Clark. 1181
Salvation in His blood. 1189
Saves alone-Wesley. 1133
Scandalized-Redeemer incar. 2094
Supplanted by worship-Virgin. 413
Trust In blood of C. -Bismarck. 4751
Views of C. -Imperfect-Indians. 4413
Voting for C. -Roman Senate. .58.-)9
Witnessing for C.-Clirlstians. Cn.!5
See ADVENT.
Seasonable a.-Needed-Ready. *73
See CHRISTMAS.
Celebration of c. -Revelry. ♦S.^iO
Changed by Puritans-Fast. ♦ssi
Beneficial celebration of c. 851
Celebration demanded. 3915
Sad c. -Columbus dejected. 1881
Sec CROSS.
Emblems of the Christian c. •1317
Protection of the c. -Roman L.^13I8
Recovered-Holy relic from P. *1319
Victory by thee. -Constantino. ♦13iO
Hastened by action. 2321
Immediate d. -General Grant. 1891
Charmed c.-" Agnus Dei."
Fraudulent c. -Relics.
Peace by the blood of the c.
Precious relics of the c.
Relic of the c. -Nails-Spear.
Rival c.-" Indulgence Cross.".
Saved by the c -Whitefield.
True c. captured by Persians.
I Victory by sign of c.-Con.
733
4072
1175
4072
1047
837
4770
324
17-.: ,
/so
CiiidSTIAN— CHURCH.
ill
i
k
it
i
ml
S«e CRITCIFIXIOX.
Modern o. In India.
Honored rello of c.
Sec Kl'CIIAUIHT.
BleHsluK In the o.-8plrituuI.
See .lESUS.
no Comforter but J. -Mary 8.
H()n(»rod klnK-ttodfrey.
KId(,', the ouly-PuritanB.
" of all nations.
Kingdom of J.-Contrasted-N.
I'reclous namo-Martyr.
Saints with J.
See SAVIOUU.
False S.-Tltu9 Oatos.
In a Name-" Solon."
*1331
1321
5086
5067
8071
ia.-)0
SiHlM
a'M7
41.37
1 m
♦5018
♦5019
False S. of the world-Nero. 4385
See CIlKIsriAN, (JUSI'KL and
KKLKilON in too.
CHRISTIAN.
by Hereavement-A. Lincoln.
Kxperlenoe of A. Lincoln.
Spirit of the C. -Cromwell.
♦839
♦831
Commended-Wortli.
Corapromlsed-Constantlue.
DIscarded-France, year 1794.
and Discovery-Columbus.
IMverslty In C.-Natlonal.
Tndestruclble by persecution.
.Misunderstood by (JIbbon.
Muscular C. -Salem witches.
Offence of C.-Amusements.
Qualiaed faith In C.-Shelley.
Success of C. -World- wide.
Miscellaneous eross- references.
VS. .\musements-Romans. 846
Benevolence of C.-Bp. of A. 545
" " -Bishop Ken. 517
" " -Bp. T. Coke. 1570
" " -C. Wilkinson. 531
" " " to Captives. 522
" " -Enf 'ced by c. 4295
" " " -Enlarged. 5,50
" " by Faith. 526
2035
" " " -Huguenots. 638
" " " -John Wesley. 618
' '• " 649
" " " -Joyful. 3077
" " " -Lady H. 520
Miscellaneous crdsareferences.
Counselled to be a C. Louis XIV.1219
Devoted C.-Ml8p'.<nary Shaw. 4554
Example of C. spirit. 4853
Martyrs-Taylor Latimer. 1233
Saerlfloes of C.-John Nelson. 4999
-Thomas Smith. 5000
Soldier-" Stonewall Jackson." 5228
Spirit of the C.-Cromwell. 1434
Unworldly C.-Mary Bos'nquet. 1063
CHRISTIANITY.
Absurd-Abysslnlan. ♦833
Advanoement-Prlmury cause. ^833
" -Secondary cause. ^834
Civilization by C.-Cruelty abol. ^835
" " -Barbarians. ♦SSO
.. .. .. ♦ga-
*sm
♦839
♦aio
♦841
♦842
♦843
♦*J4
♦845
♦846
♦847
♦848
Benevolence of C.-Lady H.
" " " -M. Fletche.-
B46
519
-Kulo. 4335
" " Self-sac.-J. H. 5-18
-J, 3018
" " shown. 2059
" " -Sewlng-glrl. 635
" " " -Thomas Coke. 639
" " -Whltefleld. 2029
Carlcatured-Amerlcan Indians. 4413
In Conlllct with depravity. 134
l^ontroversy beneficial to C. 3931
Corrects amusements. 835
Debased by clergy. 933
Evidence of C. convincing. 2833
vs. Objections. 2827
Extended by woman-Clotilda. 6046
Humanizing effect of C. on Uom.835
Investigated-Prejudice. 4412
Misconstrued by Julian. 4114
Morals of C. -Superior. 3880
Overthrown in Japan. 3640
I'erll of C. by Mohammedanism. 3187
Promoted by woman. 3736
Prosperity endangers C. 45.30
Woman extends C.-Young. 0103
.See HIBLE.
Adaptation of the B.-Col. ('ong.*.')04
Bible- reading forbldden-Eug. ♦580
Comfort from the B.-Captlve. ^505
Diffusion of the Br-Tyndale. ♦,560
Discoveries In the B.-Luther. ♦,")07
DIsplaced-By gloves-H. VIII. *rm
Doubted-J. Bunyan's struggles ♦,')(i9
the First American B.-Eliofs. ^,570
Gift of B. to Queen Ehzabelh. ♦,571
Imperilled by the B.-R. Hunne. ^573
Incendiary B.-Bookseller's. ^,573
Indestructible-Persecution. ^574
Influence of the B. -Cromwell. *,575
Monopoly In the B.-Brlt. pub"s.^.570
Omllted-Coronation of J. H. ^577
People's B.-Wyoliffo. ^578
Prohibition of the B.-England. *,579
" " " " -Necessary ■'580
Protected by the B.-J. Knox. ♦581
Reverence for the B.-Indlans. ♦685
Searching the B.-"Blble Moths"^582
Senses In the B. -Three senses. ♦SSS
Stimulation-Persecution of S.J.^584
Bound by the B.~Luther.
Civil gov't by B. rule-Conn.
Civilization advanced by tlie B.
Comfort for prisoners.
" from the B. -Cromwell
Destitute of B.-Young MUller.
Direction In duty by B.
Divinity of B.-Denial a crime.
Encouragement-Earthquake.
Inspires courage-Covenanter.
Interpretation of B.-Strlct.
Interpreters of B.-False.
Opposition to the B.-Tyndale.
' -Catholic.
Political abuse of B.
Power of Its historical books-L.
Reading of B.-Ostentatious.
Revealed In new light.
1092
2454
a36
90(S
. 5,55
4713
3613
2556
1087
656
3823
2493
506
568
572
577
5118
166
4175
1768
Rule In civil gov't-Conn. Col.
Strength from B. -Cromwell
Surrender of B. -Painful.
Tribute-" Is literature Itself."
Unattractive-Condemnation.
See UOHI'EL.
a Heavenly messago-Sallor.
Triumph of B.-Paganixm.
.See MISSION'S.
by Conquest-a Failure.
Destroyed in Japan,
and Science-Columbus.
Successful m. In Japan,
to be Sustalned-M. B. Cox.
Zeal for m. -Thomas Coke.
See HOUIl'TrUE.
Misued against Columbus.
See CHURCH anil RELIOIOX
In /»o.
CHRISTIANS.
Uncompromising-Idolatry.
881
1444
3616
n
57,53
♦2398
♦36;J9
♦.3040
♦3041
♦,36-12
♦3643
♦3044
♦5055
♦849
Mlseellancous cross-refcrencoa.
Benevolence of C. 532
Better or worse than others. 808
vs. Christians-Crusaders. 4173
Expelled from Japan. 3040
Mls.1udged by Tacitus. 2.581
Non-resistance of early C. 3833
Repentance of apostate C. 3.53
Resistance by fighting. 383'!
Return of unfaithful C. 253
Rights of C. assumed- Pagans. 10.50
Simplicity of primitive C. 4090
Slt;s of C. painful. 5105
Slandered-Enemies of God. 4143
-Primitive. 5179
United by burning creeds. 2087
Unity of primitive C. 5751
Unprotected by law-Roman. 1361
Virtuous ('.-Roman. 787
See CIIL'KCH iinil KELKIION
in loc.
CHRISTIVAS.
Celebration of C.-R. of F. and 1.^8.50
Changed by Puritans-'^ast. ♦851
Miscellaneous crosa-referencej.
Celebratlondemandedby m. 3915
Sad C. -Columbus dejected. 1881
CHURCH.
Attendance at C.-Compulsory. ♦8,5<
" " -Puritans. ^853
Befriended-aiiles StandUh. ^854
Bloody C. -Huguenots per.-Fla.*855
Caste In C.-Aaron Burr. ♦850
Conservative C.-Ch.of England. ♦8.57
Corrupted by prosperity. ♦SSS
Costly C.-St. Sophia. ♦859
Desecration-Horses In St. P.'s. ♦860
Destruction of C. attempted. ♦861
Devotion to the C.-Laymen. ♦863
Erection-Enthusiastic. ♦863
-Rewarded. ♦864
" -St. Sophia. ♦SiS
-Vanity in. ♦866
Episcopacy of the Anglican C. ^867
Exaction of dues. ♦868
False head- James II. ♦Ses
Love of C.-Engllsh Torlei. ^870
■■H
CHURCHES— CLEANLINESS.
Conn. Col.
'romweH
Infill.
ure Itself."
jmnatlon.
I'EI,.
u-Sallor.
inltim.
lOXH.
ire.
bus.
pan.
B. Cox.
1 Coke.
ITHK.
tnbiis.
881
Nt-I
3(ilO
n
♦a.J98
♦3tWU
*3t)U
*3«ia
*3W.3
•5085
KELIOIO.N-
lANS.
olatry.
8-references.
1 others,
ders.
1.
s.
irly C.
ite C.
C.
-Pagans.
-eC.
f God.
Beds.
Roman.
RELKUOX
♦819
53a
808
4173
3040
3.-.H1
383V,'
3.VJ
383.1
353
lO-K)
409ti
5105
414.1
5179
3087
5751
1361
787
AS.
fP. andl.*a50
.'^ast. 'SSI
references.
Ibyin. sgi.T
loted. 1881
I.
pulsory. *85«
tans. *853
dlbh. *854
per.-Pla.*855
*85(i
England. *857
y. ♦858
♦859
3t. P. '3. ♦860
ipted. *8til
men. 'Sfis
♦8G3
♦864
♦8fi5
♦866
can C. •867
♦868
♦869
ei- ^870
Mfdltallons after C.-J. KltoU. •871
Neglect of C. reproved. •873
Nuu-attcndanoe at C.-Flne. •873
Piirifled by persecution. ^874
<^Uiirrel in tlieC.-Kev. Newton. '875
Keliulldlng-Templo of Mecca. ♦876
or Self-Bucrlflce. ^877
sin In tfc > C.-George MUllor. ^878
and State Divided. ^879
" -Conlllctlng. ♦883
" -Now Haven. ^881
State C.-Engllsh- Weakness. ^880
Suffer'.flg for the C.-Bp. Mark. •883
Support-Voluntary-Saxons. ♦884
MlBccllnneous cruua-referenccs.
Allegiance to C. vs. State-J. 2887
Ambition In the C. In early ages. 181
Attendance enforced-I'urltans. 0103
591
" -Va. Col. 4750
" forsleepatc. 5119
at C. demanded of H.3I8
" of lnfant-8. Johnson. 793
HiiUdlng by indulgences. 8803
<'i-imluals In C.-Englaud. 1397
Critic at C.-Chas. GreiivlUe. 1304
Dedlcatlon-the True. 1480
Dependent C.-Angllcan. 880
Drama Introduced in the C. 1720
" prohibited In C. 1730
Government by members of C. 34.M
Immunity of C. from civil power.8H2
Intrusive-" Property of God." 1077
vs. King-James II. 3017
Legacies for the C. 3183
" " " 554
.591
3874
" " " 8875
Oppressions of the C.-15th cent. 430
Power of C.-Uumble Henry II. 4104
Property of C. confiscated. 3549
lieadmission to m'b'shlp In the C.253
Respect for the C.-Hat lifted. 01G9
and State-Separate. -102
vs. State-Scotland. 4118
" -English Jesuits. 8887
Sustained by intemperance. 2917
Theatricals In the C.-Ueliglous. 5591
Villainy protected by the C.-B. 882
CHURCHES.
Blended-Rom. Cath. and Prot. ^885
without Instruction-Elizabeth. ♦880
CIR<X'S.
MUcelluneous cro.is references.
Captivated by the c. -Woman.
Passion for the c.-Uomans.
CITIES.
Importance of c. -Germany.
Poverty Inc. -Rome.
Ungovernable- London.
Members privileged-Voters,
vs. OfBcer-Rochester.
Miscellaneous crass-references
Decline of C. in Ireland.
Establishment ofC.-LadyH.
See SANCTUARY.
Refuge in the s.-15th century.
See CHRISTIANITY and RELIG
ION in loc.
943
530
40.')9
ClRCrmSTAIVCES.
Difference in o.-Alexiinder. ♦887
Cross-reference.
Controlled by o.-" Bobbing J." 759
See ENVIRONMENT.
Mind Influenced by e. 3602
310
231
♦888
♦8H9
♦H!lO
Ml«cellaiie(mrt crusrt-references.
Destroyed by flre-Loudon- Konie.0!)3
Kree government of c. -Origin. 8438
Growth of c. opposed- London. 083
Vice concentrated in c. 13'.19
CiriZENS.
Duty of c.-Patrlotlsm. •8!il
Naturalized c.-Roman. ♦893
Miscellaneous cro«s-refercncc».
Destru'tlon of non-combatants. 1.504
Sovereigns, Amorlcan-Graut. 5375
Superior to soldiers.
CITIZENSHIP.
Ilimor of c. -Bolivar.
Intelligent c. -Spartans.
3o;i8
♦HlKi
♦894
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Cosmopolitan c.-Ellhu Yale.
Introduction to c. -Early G.
Prized-Roman-Sertorius.
Suspended by debt.
Trained for c. -Spartan youth.
See NATIONALITY.
Precedence of n.-P. Henry.
See NATUKALIZATHIX.
of Cltlzens-Roman.
See NATION and I'ATIUiiT-
ISM i» loc.
CITY.
Blessings of the c. -Roman.
Contaminating c.-Romo.
Establishment of c. -Ancients.
Populous c.-Rome.
Sins of the c.-A. Lincoln.
Vices of the c.-Ltmdon.
1015
3108
41)73
1101
3183
4057
.H1I3
♦895
♦89i;
♦897
♦898
♦899
♦900
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Advantage of c. life.
Countryman in c. -Imposition.
Depopulated by emlgratlon-R.
Desolate c.-London-Pe8tllen(!e.
Destroyed by Are- Washington.
Lost in c. of Edinburgh -G.
Metropolitan c. ahvays-N. V.
In Mourning-Defeat-Shame.
Mystery Inc. -Crowds.
Vice concentrated In c.-Acre.
CIVIL-SERVICE.
Cross-reference.
Examination, unprepared for B.
Sec GOVERNMENT in loc.
3355
1331
4330
1.540
710
718
1803
3003
S5J1
2415
2345
CIVILIZATION.
Dangers of c. -Romans. ♦901
Demands of c.-Francls Drake. ^902
Effete c.-Greeks. ^903
Failure of c. -American Indians. ♦904
Fleeing from c.-Sam. Houston. ^905
Growth of c.-Anclents. ^900
Late c.-RuBslans. ^907
Misrepresented to Indians. ^908
Origin of o.-Modern ^909
Progress of c.-Greeks.
-Brlton.s.
Revival of o. -Period.
787
♦910
♦tf'l
•9ia
.MIscellancoiH cross-refi'renciM.
Abandoned by H. Houston. 3351
Advance of c. In 13tli century. 113
.\(lvan<M) of c.-EngliMid. 310(1
Advanced by war, 30 years. .5Hi»i
" " " Romans. 3317
" " commerce. 970
" " religion. 40H3
Iteneflts of u. to niaii. ;i'i90
and Chastlty-<)ppo>ed-Freedoni.VH5
uy Christianity -G.'s testimony. S35
m
837
Crime against c, -Library burnt. :!3 10
I'ruelty of c. -American Inilian.s.ras
Decadence of Roman u. 131
Degeneracy by c-l'liyslcal-Ind. lilO
Despised by savages. 3793
Diverse c.-lrisli-Kiittllsh. 7-.>7
Eai ly c. of EgyptlanH. 31,89
by Kducution-I'uritaiis. 1779
" " -(iermuns. 1781
Knemy of modern c.-Pli. II. of S.'.KhJ
Lack of c. -American Indians. ;i;i98
by Letters-Germans. 3197
Poor benefited by c. 43H7
Precedence in c. by Arabs. 135
Progress of c. -German^. 4490
" " by war. .W.K)
Uejectod-Ca.'live woman. 33.S8
See CCl.Tl'ltK.
Improvement by c. -Germany. ♦KCT
Age of c. lost-Arabians. 3;m3
Moral c.-l'ity acquired. l.J.Vl
vs. Morality-Union Impossible. .3707
Unrefined by c. -Milton's enemy. 3.3
See CiKNTlLITV.
by Restraint-Samuel Johnson. 'i.'US
Vicious g.-Samuel Johnson. ^3349
vs. Character-Cromwell.
Effect of g.-Love-IIatred.
vs. Religion-Offence.
" Rudeness-Johnson.
Vice gilded by g.
of Woman by restraint.
See REFINEMENT.
Characteristic r.-Athenlans.
Misjudged-American Indians.
Recommended-Bridal.
4.-)9I
3417
3t;.")0
3418
3319
3318
♦4010
*4«41
♦4643
Absence of r. -Diogenes. 3115
Prejudices of r.-Greeks vs. R. 768
See INTELLIGENCE in tur.
CLEANLINESS.
Mission for c.-Cath. Wilkinson. ••^Sl
0131
Cross-reference.
Soap rebellion-Women.
See FILTH.
and Disease-England. •31.33
Equality In f.-Danlel Webster. •3133
Homes of f. -English. 2599
Religion of f.-Austere monks. 408
Stench by f. -Scotch. .3.869
Streets of f. -England. 5i6b
788
Appeal tn <;, of Miilidinct. *01H
VUo o. of Jus. II. to liiforniorH. ♦ttll)
':i
11
Mlicollancmi^ crofm-rorcrer-ien.
Artful <!. DIoolotliin's.
Det'llned by (i»lliner.
EztundeU to the uuworMiy.
Sev COMI'ASSION in t„r.
<'LBH(JV.
Arrogance of c Hps. Iti pollllo.s.
Dofert'iKio toi;. by I't'rillniiiid IF.
-Mid. A«08 A.-I*.
Uolt.'iiof('.II. H.
Benradod -Uoltfn of Jiuiiuh 11.
Dissipated KiiKliirul-lHth cent
Economical c. Support.
Heroic c.-(joor){o Wnlkor.
Immoral c.-Ut Ikii of II, VIII.
ImpoverliiliedUolKU of ('has
Interference of c.-\Var of C.
Labor of tlio c. -Needed. -H.
Marriage of o. -Obstacles to.
Militant c. Pope Julius II.
" "-Prior John-l'Y.N.
Neglect of the c. -Social ovlls-E.
Patriotic c. -Siege of Paris.
Political c. -England, a.d. 1710,
Poverty of thee. -KelRH of c. ii.
" " " "-15th century.
Profligate c.-18th century.
Rejectod-Proto.stant-Ireland.
Secular o.-Indla-Branilns.
Belflsb e. -Papal appointments.
Sleepy-" Lay one another."
Taxation of c. by Plilllp IV.
8-loa
sriH
4H3r
.♦(»20
.♦oat
.*»83
♦flJ5
*i)-.'fl
♦1W8
•iiyo
♦IKIO
*<XM
♦9;«
♦931
♦O-T)
*9!!0
*!W7
*!«H
*910
♦941
♦942
♦913
*94»
♦945
•946
Miscellaneous cross-referoncos
Advertisements of c. -England-
Asoendancy of c. -Europe.
Avaricious c.-15th century.
Belligerent o.-Coatof-mall.
Burdensome-Useless.
Corrupted by c.-15th century.
Criminals among c. -England.
Disdained by society.
Hurtful-Selfish c.
Idle o. admonished.
Imprisoned by DIocletian.-P.
Independence of c. -James II.
Perverting justioe-Polltics.
Political c. -Ireland.
Unfaithful c.-Dlvorce.
See niSIIOI'.
Corruptcd-Theodosius.
See BISHOl'S.
Honored by Germans,
See KriSC(JI'ACY.
Fictitious o.-Koraan.
Unessential to the Church.
See MINISTER.
Conversion from vice.
Disguised-John Bunyan.
Faithful m. commended.
" words of m.
Hospitality to m. -Heartless.
Illiterate m. -Eloquent.
Immoral-Swearing.
Invention of m.-Power-ioom.
Harrlagos by m. -Cheap, 6000,
{•IJOMENCY— CLIMATE.
Obedience of m. -Ilnpeless. 3H45
Dream DangH. .'iH-tn
urn
4.W)
4.'iin
mm
4016
Patience of m. tried.
In Politics- Uov. John Ball.
Poverty of ni,- Luther.
Heproof by ni. Anger.
I'nscrupulous in.-.l. Swift,
See .MIMSTKUS.
Constralned-Muhoniet.
Discreet m. -Pagans.
Salaries of in. .t'.'iO to £78.
" " " -Tobacco.
Wives of m.- Duties.
Work of H). Lay.
941
5735
4;>G
1941
4684
426
1297
933
944
1673
843
300
.•W52
1814
8444
*rm
♦599
♦1914
867
2351
1650
2203
3437
2640
4389
3708
2971
3432
♦.3607
♦30(18
*atm
♦3610
♦3011
♦3018
Bigoted m. -Country parsons. 3707
DLscourugementHof m,-M'hm't,l(ViO
Fear of ridicule-England. 4110
Hardships of early m. 1149
of Idolatrous worshlp-Bramln, 3705
Poverty,Benevolfne(U)f m.wlth.l310
S.e MINISTUV,
Call to m,-By a texjt. ♦3C13
" " " -Three tests. •3014
Early in.-I{. Watson. ♦3015
ICxpelled from Kov. Johnson. ♦3016
1570
3790
36-J
43ai
1804
. a'io
"872
.2398
1737
1.2787
2918
3001
3116
4390
4131
4472
5000
875
4391
5000
4391
18C0
2033
2029
1883
0321
0210
Activity in the tn.-Bp. Coke.
Call to the m.-Mother's-A. J.
Hl.scouragemont at beginning.
" in the m.
Education for m. -Benevolent.
Embarrassed by caste.-A. Burr
Kaithful rn.-" Hear me at home.
I Heuvoniy m.-Hev.John Tunnell
Hindrance to ni. -Dress.
Independence of m.-M'th'd'sts
against Intemperance.
Itinerant m. -Methodist.
Laborious m.-John Wesley.
Open to all m. -Puritans.
Opposed by persecution.
Privations in the ra.
Rejected by unapprociativo p.
nidlculed-Puritan laymen.
Salary of m.-400 .sermons-$4.
Seci'larized vs. Spiritual.
Timidity embarrasses m.
" -M'K.
Travelling m.-Whitefleld.
Uneducated m. -Bunyan.
Zeal in m.-John Wesley.
" " " -(Jeorge Whitefield.
SeeMISSlONAKIES.
Discoveries by m. -Catholic.
Heroism of Jesuit m.
Zealous m.-St. Patrick.
Cosmopolitan m. -Jesuits,
of Cruelty-Spanish priests.
Heroism of Jesuits.
.See MISSIONARY.
False m.-Cortez.
Intentional m.-Dr, Coke.
" "-Columbus.
t( ii i(
Revengeful m. -Mahomet.
Unsuccessful m, -Wesley.
See MISSIONS,
by Conquest a failure.
♦3635
♦3636
♦3037
8012
2801
3.-)08
♦3038
539
841
6151
1408
1122
♦3639
Destroyed In Japan,
and Science- Colunibug.
Suceussfui In Japuii.
to bo Suutalned M. B. Cox.
Zeal for m. Thomas I'oke,
[ Providence In m. In Africa.
I .See I'Ol'K.
' Superseded by Henry VIII.
Snpromauy of p. beneficlai.
Cruelty of p. (iregory XII.
Devotion to the p., Entire.
" -(jregory VII.
Insolent p. -Oregory Xlll.
Licentiousness of Clement VI,
Simony of p.-Vlrglllus.
See I'KKACIIKK.
Remarkable p,-" Bl'k Harry."
See niEACIIKKS.
Lay-p. -Puritans.
♦*140
♦lltUI
♦;hii8
*mm
♦3044
4.'i54
• l.'iOl
♦i;i03
4.V11
.'K)t(l
3K89
3887
33l.">
51, ')2
♦4389
♦I3IK)
*1391
Monotonous English p.
;i!i,v»
Political p. rebuked l)y J. II.
4-,'.'ll>
Untrained p.-tiuakers.
19(18
See PKEACIllNG.
a Crime In Scotland,
♦i;«i3
" Duty-John Bunyan,
*I39,3
Genuine p -Puritans,
♦1394
to Please-Dangerous,
♦ 1395
Profitless p. -"Hung In chains.
'*4,'i9(i
by Women-Samuel Johnson.
♦i;)',»7
Arrested forp.-Wm. Penn.
SO.-).'!
Awtlkening p.-B. Abbott.
1080
" -A.sbury.
1179
" -John Bunyan.
1085
" " -John Wesley.
1089
Courage for p.-(}. Ouseiey.
1343
Excitement by p.-Methodists.
4703
Imprisoned for p. -J. Bunyan.
3701
Liberty of all in p.
rmv
Opportunity for p.-32,000.
1000
Persistence in p. -Bunyan.
lfl.">()
Personal p. -Seeming.
11S9
"-Resented.
1334
Plain p. -Queen's dress.
1738
Politics- Puritan p.-EngIan(i.
4'.'U8
forbidden-England.
4209
" -Puritans of Mass.
4370
" Conn.
4371
" commanded.
4373
" -Reign of Charles II.
4373
Sermons-42,500 by J. Wesley.
1)3
v.x. Silence of monks.
1109
by Women- Wesleyans.
(;i:i3
See I'UIEST.
vs. Christ-Pardon.
4103
of Infldellty-Roi)esplerre,
4I.«3
See I'KIKSTS,
Interference of p -Meddling.
♦4458
Banished from Ireland. 4117
High regard for p. -Ferdinand. 931
Tyranny of p., Infuriating. 1310
See SERMON in loc.
CI^IITIATE.
Changes of c. in Europe. ^948
' Italy. ^947
vs. C'haracter-S. Johnson. ♦949
*. <'ox.
Cokd.
Afrl(^a.
K.
VIII.
eflolul.
y XII,
ntlic.
VII.
Mil.
♦■KHI
♦;)oia
*:mn
•3041
i.-iM
•I.KIl
•ClOv'
i-.ii
.'iiiiti
■■im>
'■ins;
■mint VI. 3',' I.-.
Harry.
Kits.
y J. II.
1\(!.
(••halns.
Iinson.
eiin.
)tt.
luyan.
'csley.
sley.
lodlsts.
unyan.
00.
an.
land,
and.
is.
n.
all.
sley.
' * l3Hi.i
♦(31(0
*I3!)1
l'.H)H
*I3»1
* 1305
'*43IMi
*|.3!)r
30,'VJ
lOHO
I17!>
I()H.->
10S!»
V-iVi
4ro;i
ariii
lOCf.
IIS!>
l'>>34
ir3K
•I'.'IJH
■(2(1!>
4;.';o
4-i7:i
4-^T.i
tii.'ie
4(,'.'-J
4117
aand. 9'Jl
r. 1310
♦W8
*947
*949
Character by n. LaplandurM. *0M
•• "-North VH. H. •O.'.O
" " -Hevs. Ill AHla. *l).')l
I)i'in<irull7.«d liy (\-VamlalH. •9.V)
I'Var of u.-l'orluKUUHO ux|il"r'rH.*0.')l
IiiJurlouH Haniiic'l iIohnnDM. ♦Dn,")
rroiciilon of c.-Kthloplans. •unc
HlckMt'HN fromo. N. K. Pll((rlma.*!ll.7
<'lmMift'!' In c. I)l8(;ovory. lltHH
Dcliuhtriil ■. Land of summer. 5130
l'",ivoral)lo to art-K({ypt.
Si'i' l'0|,|).
.\ffects the inhiil Laplanders
I'furful of c. Folly.
Sie .Hl'UIMl.
I'erliKl for poiitry Milton.
.S,. SIM.MKi;,
Liuid of B. -North Carolina.
^I'c WKATIIKU.
CroiikliiR against tht< w.
llhtory dopciula on w.
rrovidcntliil chanpro in w.
St.. WINTKU.
ClianKt'd to autumn-Calendar.
T)r( 'ury- Famine- MasH. Colony.
Terrible w.-N, R. ril(,'rlras.
Sie STOUM 111 toe.
ClillTIAX.
Mlscollain'oi,.* crn.ss-rcforeiict'S
EfTci't of c.-Dl.splay.
Trickery In e. Burke.
<'ross rct'iTcijct's.
DevU'ts for c. Isaac Newton.
Success with c. ( ' .lenmic.
OLOTHINU.
An>;elic c. Swcdcnborjc's a.
Costly c. -Persian kings.
Kxchansod-Man's-Kiiiperor E. *'M'iO
Prohlbltod-Imported8ilks-EDg.*!«il
34a
1011
•.■ir'io
1311)
W,'i
I.V)5
OiKi
aooa
U57
lOliO
49
Cf.'
GUO
*'.m
.Ml.scelliineoiis cross-rcferenct's.
Uonatlon of o. rejected. 4349
Example In c.-.Iohnson. 19CU
of I'enltonce-Hair-shlrt. 28H9
Sacrilioed for health. 2-ir>0
Self-made c. of royalty. 0149
Unstylish o -Mrs. A. Jackson. 5999
Woman's c. restricted by law. 4C11
See UKKSS.
Criminal d.-Joan of Arc-Malo.*17a0
KxehanKed d.-Joan of Arc. *1727
ExtravaRance In d. -Period of. ♦17S8
" " -Middle A. ♦1729
" " -Loss by. *1730
Impressed by d.-M. Luther. *1731
Investment In d.-S. Johnson. *1733
Letrlsliition on d. -England. *17a3
♦1734
" " " ♦1735
" " " *1730
an Obstaele-(). Goldsmith. ♦1737
Preaching apanst d.-Ellz'b'th.^l738
Sinful d.-Joan of Arc. ^1739
Dislike for cerei.iouial d.-Nap.
Extravagance vs. Par.eimony.
'■ of Diocletian.
Fantastic d.-Constantlne.
Indifference to d. -Cromwell's.
Kegleet of d. -Dissipation.
751
4008
•iCt
5772
26a
ir>S4
CLl.MAX-CO.MM.VT.
NeRlect of d. -Samuel Jubniton. tS)l2
Nettleoted by ahiiencu of mind. 20
Ornamental d. Am. ludlani. .'I'.Mil
Regulated by law-Komans. ;i410
rnchanged-Visltor Mrs. Wasti. 27Htl
Vanity In d.-Constantlnt 5772
-Tlrlbazus. S773
-" Fine Coat." 577(1
Goldsmith. 5777
Hei- I'A.SHIDN.
Depreciated by f. -Science. •2108
Dlsregarded-lJenJ. Franklin. ♦2103
StruBglo for French f. ♦2101
Absurdity of popular f.
419
Discomfort in f.
21HI
in Pluasure-Waterlng-placo.
4205
Power of f. -Tobacco-James I.
WM
I'nrostralned by law.
1734
Sw IIAT.S.
Difficulty in getting h. -England
.2104
8w IlKdAI.IA.
Dislike for r.-Napoleon.
751
Sec JKWKI.ItV in l;c.
CLMIN.
.\nclentc.-" Inim. livers."
♦91)2
CrOM.'^-ri'fcretid'.
Organization of old English c. 3H1
Sft ASSOCIA'l'loN.S in luc.
C'OKIICION.
Patriotic c. of Tory Tim. Paine. ♦903
Mlsoulhliu-tiu^
-.s-rt'riTi'iiccfi.
Fictitious c.-.Mary (i. of Scots. 2188
oi Govecninent by tlnances. 2404
" Juries Star ( luimbor. 30'i()
" Jury-by Jeffreys. 3()l.s
Morale, of Sund-.laiid. 1997
Profession in life by o. l4H,"i
Kepentance by c. -Failure. 139(i
Signature by c. Magna Charta. 3207
See EXToltTlON.
Complete e.-England by L. ♦2(K)0
Cruel e.-Jew's tooth dally. *2001
" "-Mass. Colony. ^2002
Dilemma in e.-Henry VIII. ♦aoos
of Government-Charles I. ♦aXM
Misnamed "Benevolence." ^2005
Outrageous e. -Romans In B. ♦200(i
Royal e.-Rlchard II. ^2007
Submission to e.-M. Crassus. ♦aoos
of Benevolence-(y) Henry VIII. 430
" "-James I. 523
Capitalist's e.-Jews. 712
Church e. of dues-England. HOS
Disgraceful e.-.Ioan of Arc. 1720
of Gifts for Maxentius. 370
Charles I. 3602
by Government-France. 3073
of Jailers for debt. 2125
" Merchants-Roman. ^wS
" 5C59
-England. TiCfiO
" Offertory-Duke of CJuIse. .")27
Permitted-Courtiers-James II. 007
of Prisoners by jailers. 'I4t)9
Religion opposed by e. 1190
Revenge of masses on Rufinius. 427
of Traders-England. 0656
L'nlvi^rsai e English Judges. 1217
Unterrllled by e. II. Peter. 2205
Sii' KdlK'K.
DlHtliigiilshed by f " II'mm'r."^21M7
Fictitious f. .Maryt^uet II of S. ♦21HM
VH. (,'onsclence-SubJugaliiiii diOl
Dlvinit:- In f,-Tliemlsto('icH 2:l.'<7
vs. PerH'vt.-iiK c lllustriitloii. 4119
Ml^crllitiii 'iM-t l^ll■>^ i<-IVr<'iict'.i.
ConcealniiMit of Itoliemond. I112I
ExpeDslve c. Attila's Golds.- 1. t!H8
COIN.
Cliiiped In Englaiiii-Moiiey li. ♦901
(.'fMS- iiJ'.Tinrc.
Clipping of c. punlslied Ed. I. 710
S.o Mi>\KV ,„ /,„■,
COINI'IDKNCK.
Alarming I' (iulr Kiirlli(|iiiike. ^905
Comforting c. Ulbllc:al Ic^ison. ♦iiCO
Repeated 'I'lieseiis and Rom. *(m;7
Htraiigo c. Death of Adams J. ♦9tW
" " II. Miller'saiip'rili'ii.^'.'OO
.Mlicclhiiieoii.s (.ToHs-refereiicei.
Marvellou.1 c. -Martyr. ll.K)
ill Namcs-Hacon. ■■iT'..'i
Remarkable ('.-.Mysterious voire. 2.')0
Strange e.- signals alike.
COLD.
,Misct'll:un'tHi-i l■I■l'^.•^ ri'f.'ronC' s.
Affects mind I.apiaiiiiers.
Fearful of c. Folly.
Si-u CLI.MATK in Inr.
COl^VKtiK.
vs. Capii il l.iiCalion of Yale.
11. VI
II.'jO
202:.
•973
Mlsc 'iiui ci'i.iB-rffi'rcncos.
Disgraced 111 Preshlent. 3177
Rebellion in c. jiistKied. 21H
Struggles In c.-S. Johnson. 201
See SCKOOI. ill lui:.
C'OL.011.
Caste of c.-Green-Ulue-Earth. ^970
Prejudice of c. -Portuguese dis ♦971
COLOR-LINE.
In Commerce-Columbus. ^972
rross-referoiice.
of Faction-Romans-Blue-Gr'n. 2019
COilIBAT.
Pleasure in c. -Roman shows. ^97 1
Mlacellancou.s cross references.
Amusement by brutal c.-Old E
"-Rom.
Farcical 0. -Wellington.
Trial by c. (iauls.
" " " -Romans.
See DTKL.
Combat by d. -Alexander.
Murder by d. -A. Hamilton
Naval d.-Paul Ji>nes.
Proposed by monarchs.
Religious d. -Wellington's.
Challenge unaccepted.
Combat by d. -Generals.
218
219
17.-)0
305(
5703
♦1740
♦1747
♦1748
♦1719
♦17.50
757
1543
I-
©i
i:?
w
:yo
(OMKDY— (OMMKIU K.
8(Wt
, 1
' m
i
Trial liy il.-daulM.
War omlud by <I.-Tliub»iia.
si'i- m'Ki.s.
Incquiilltv ln<l.-.IoMliili (Jiilnoy.*lTBl
Bic CONTKST /,. Iw.
rO!TIKDV.
rrnnH rt'lV'tihif.
VodlKiilllcil I'liiployiiK'iit. .WIN
NT DKAMA I/, tiio.
MlHci'lliiiicDiiK <i().'<» ri'fi'renccn.
In Affection-Martyr. .'MOS
Bthle jrlvi's ('. -Colonial ronnrcHH.Nll
" " " ■ t'romwoH's b. r).'ir)
" "-Kuiil(te Williams. f.ti5
l)y l)rt'iiin~Na|>oluoii I. Via
In MIstorluriH-Mohiiiniiiudan. l.'i(W
ItullKloua v. Ill (llNtrUHH.
" •• trial.
S<'i. ('ONSOI.A'I'ION.
of I'lillosophy U. S. Hoothlua. *11;k
111 I'lilloMopby-Mootlilus.
" KvllKloii-Cliarli^s I.
t>ti-ant;t! c. In dcatb.
Sic SVMI'ATIIV.
by i:xperleii('iv S. Jolnisoii.
I'l'cakM of H. -Napoleon I.
for l''rlen(lle«H-Llncoln.
Mutual a. -Napoleon I.
for I'oor-Miii'oln.
Kollclous «. -Puritans.
VnnmDned by a. -Columbus
1 i.'ii
1U7
*M9;i
•.">4IM
♦W1I5
♦Mit;
».M!)8
*.M!K)
BeKtcars' art8-Loudon. l'.'!i:i
Denied offendor.s-Old England. '.'HOO
J'k'contrlulty of H.-Napoleon I. 35T8
Kiiratced by a.-Fred. Wra. 3;iS9
rumalo 8.-IiUuy Hutchinson. OlOri
" "-Joan of Arc. (ilOl
for FuKlllve.s-Amerlcans. liitiO
Power of 8. -Pardon. -KiOl
Prayerful a. -Wife of Martyr T. (171)
SuflferlnK In s.-Ur. Mott. WIT
Various forms of s. for W. Scott. OJ
C'0]TEPOHTER.
<'rnss-r('ft'rt'ric'e.
Qualified by cxpfrlcnoe-Luthor. O.T
Sio .11 )Y /// Ina.
COIVillAIVD.
Dhided-Argyle-Invaslon of 8. *975
Cro.'is-M'teri.MicL'.
Insulting c. of Attlla. 821
See AUTHORITY.
Absolute a. necessary In war. *40C
" " -Early Komans. ♦JOT
" "-Turks. *4iih
Acknowledfred-Franks In Oaul.*4n9
Assumed-Oliver Cromwell. •■110
Dependence on Parental a. -n. •411
by Gentleness-Joan of Arc. *ilii
Imprudence with a. *413
Necessary-Military a. *414
Personal a.-Ani. Indians. 'JIS
Popular a.-Chas. I. humiliated. ♦410
Supreme a.-Joau of Arc.
Arbitrary a.-Kdward I.
Autocratic a. of Henry VIII.
" " " Pompey.
Beneficlal-A rroKated-Popes.
Bought with money-Sylla.
♦417
710
434
438
4303
8877
by Oharaotor-ArUtldea. 000
Command without a. loiu
Common a.- Spartan <'.-IIorHe§. wis
Conlllctlii(ta.-Capl. Wads worth. «Ii.''tl
-Inipliatlon-Alarlc. Wit.)
ConfiialciM of-Oov't of Acre. 311.1
DeleKiiltuI to Ihc popc-Indult;. H3T
DiHrcKai'dcd Pope IniKx'c't 111.411:11
Divided Failure of Aruyle. K't
(ireitteHt act of personal a. 4T41
Intolerable to Am. Indians. ilTHO
Investment of a.-Uom. cciiaor. TIU
.Maintenance of a.-Pope'a. 3(17
Parental a.-Perfeet llarmfulll. WH!
PosMesslon of u. -Cromwell. .'<31
Power kIvcm u. -Joyce. 4.1(13
KecoKiiltlon of a. by synibols IT I
Itepreseutatlve of a II. VI. T'H)
.Symbol of a. lost-Seal of KnK. .'.i«.(l
Unrocoifnlzt'd by Charles I. l.ViO
I'aurpatlon of a.- Pretext. 3h.'.')
.s.r LAW.
Above I. -James II. ♦:ii;is
Delay of l.-Johii IIamp<len. ♦;il.T,i
IgnoraMee of I. UomaiiH. ♦;il 10
Levels all Emperor Julian. •:illl
Majesty of 1, Protection of h ♦;)M3
Mockery of I. -Komans. *.ll l.'l
Novice In 1. -Patrick Henry. ♦Ill 1 1
Overturned by Charles 11. ♦:!! I.")
Partiality of l.-Knxland. '.n 1(1
Hacredncss of l.-Socratei. ♦.'1117
Supremacy of 1. necessary. ♦.'II 18
Suspendod-Honic. ♦.'II li)
Technicalities of 1.-Pil({rlm8. ♦.'il.-.O
Cnprotected by l.-Prot. In I. ♦itl.M
Without l.-Brltlsh Cabinet. '.'II.'-J
Disobeyed by Bunyan-Iraprl8ou..'ll8
vs. Duty-John Bunyan. 4;ili:)
(irowth of 1. by experience of n. !Ki(i
Independence of 1. -President J. Tl!)
and LIberty-From Kom. and <J. iiO!)
Majesty of 1. -Justice. 3C(13
Prlvilejfed violation of l,-],*)th C. 4J0
Relaxed for revelry-Tlmour. 711
vs. Usage-Theft. .'iT.M
Sc.^ LAWS.
Broken by Emp. Tartjulnlus. ♦;!I,13
Disregarded by Am. Colonies. *31.''>4
Enforcement of l.-(Jood. •SlS.'i
Obsolete I. enforced. *31.')()
Printed law-thc FIrst-Eng. ♦31.17
Proposal of 1. -Athenians. ♦31.')8 '
Severe 1. repealed. ♦31.19
" -Egyptian. *3!()0
Sumptuary 1. -Romans. ♦3161
♦3103
Suspension of l.-Lac'd'm'nrn».^.Sl(13
Unwritten 1. of Spartans. ♦3104
Civil vs. Divine l.-France. 4993
Contradictory 1. -Persecution. 4I3C
Defiance of l.-Crlmlnals. 1399
Defled-Plrate-Captain Nutt 4000
Distorted by James II. ](U3
Evasion of l.-Perlcles. 1930
Government without 1. Indlans.34.30
Human vs. Divine 1. -England. B998
Impotent-agalnst Bribery. 1308
" " " 1316
I Inoffoellve I'rohlbillon lu (la.
! " -AliuNpR In In^land.
Lawyers enforce or l)reak I.
obNolett) l.-l'sury Honian.
Partiality In executing I. -Poor.
" " execution of I.
" " enforcing 1.
In I'oetry First 1.
l{eiipeote<i, bad l.-Dlsaenter.
Severe 1. Capldil piinlsliment.
Strained by a<'eusera.
Sumptuary opposed.
" -Dress.
Superseded by necessity.
Surviving the I. of Kngland.
I'liexi^eilted ( 'orruptiou.
-Severe-Debts,
luwrltten I. Lycurgua.
" -Assassins.
Sec OIIEDIENCK.
Absolute o. of Ciirmathlans. '
Angry o.-Black I'rinet . '
Ministerial o.-Mahoiiiet.
" " -Nathan Hangs. '
j Monkish o. -Egypt.
I Outward o. (o laws. '
Perfect Mohammedan o.
4.KX)
4-J.VJ
8170
67.17
4307
4(10'.)
\Ui
.■II b
4.1(14
I93»
:illil
9(11
2HT
IOIl>
18.14
tl(»
5109
I l.'W
'3843
■3H44
'3fM.1
',■^46
'.'184T
';i848
'3»I9
m\
3800
411
3199
.KIT I
3313
933
without Affection J. II. 's son.
( 'ondltlonal o. -Legality.
Fxactlon of o. -Howard.
Kxactlng o. by Wesley.
Lesson of o. Important.
Love secures o.
Obsequious o. of clergy to J. U
Stimulated-Dlsgraee-Soldlers. l.'.id
Training In <>.- Children. 1h;j
.Sec (iOVKHNMENT uml KULEU
I'll luc.
CO.mVIANDER.
( 'npMrt-rtTcrcncp.
Dangerous c.-Tr'cherousSoxtiii 13
Sie Ul'l.KIt 111 he.
rOIVIITIKRCE.
Benefits of c. Keflex d'vel'pm't
' -English comp.-D
" "" -Enrichment of II
" " " -Oood governm't.
Hurdened-Amerlcan ( 'olonles.
Enterprise of c.-Am. discovery
Importance of e.-Eng., a.d. 1685
Neglect of c. -Egypt-no Timber
Patriotism of c.-Am. Rev.
Pioneers of c.-Pha'niclans.
Piracy of c. -England, a.d. 175.1.
Polities and c.-Controlllnggov
Precedence of c -Savages.
Prohibited by Spartans.
Revenge of c.-British-Ano. Col.
and Science-Discovery of Am.
Spirit of c.-Selflsh.
" " " -Unwarllke.
Success by c.-the Dutch.
♦9T(i
.♦9T9
.*9T8
♦977
♦980
♦981
.♦983
.♦983
♦984
*9H.1
♦9H(;
t.9HT
♦9KH
♦989
♦9!K)
♦991
♦993
♦993
♦904
Miscellaneous crosn-referencot.
Anticipation of c. realized. 440H
Color-line in c. 973
Conservatism of c.-Am. Eev. 4072
Unity of men by c. 2189
Wars of c.-English. 5945
COMMlSSIoN-CnMlM'/nTloN
on iu
'a. OX)
1 In^Iuml. 4'.'.VJ
>r(iak
.11:0
riiiiM.
ftr.v
Kl.-I-
"•r. ('.ir
llof 1.
'llNK)
rl.
tw
4«:i
■enter
. .■Ill"*
Isbmi'Mt. 4r,iu
IU.'lt
.1111;
!WI
iiy.
Sir
jliind.
1010
nn.
la.M
»el)tH.
1 ua
r.
nii)!»
I l.T.
:cK,
lilans.
♦3843
'■■mi
't..
*.'WI,')
Haiiifn.
♦3«4t;
♦.'iNir
♦.•)*18
().
*;wi9
.'seon.
sort
,
asoo
I.
111
219!)
.-.1)7 1
.•i'i:.;;
*o J. If
J)»i»»
Didlers.
J •.'.!«
1.
JH-JJ
<l KfLEH
sSoxtiis I.;
n;
B.
'1 'pm't. ♦!):(!
mp-l). *!)::»
tof n.*!)T)s
rnm't. *9rr
onlcs. *9w)
overy.*98i
5. Ifl85.*98a
lniber.*98;!
♦984
3. *98r.
17S5. *98(;
r»fov't.9H:
♦!)8H
♦989
Col. *mm
Am. ^991
♦991.'
•993
♦9M
nces.
44()8
9Ta
4072
2189
5915
S... MKIICIIANTS
Kiitnrprliii' of in. •lolin t'ntxit.
I'atriotUni of ni. Mniloii Uev.
H.<! 'IKADK.
Coiitcnipt for t. H. .lolinmin.
Illli'lt t AiMi-rliiiin Colonlnt.
Iiihiirniin t. Hiiivi;- trade.
I.HWi flirt. Siiinptiiary.
Ovitrrrarlilnit In I. ICKyptluni.
KcKuUtud Kinprror .lulliin.
" -Kiiifliind.
" Klxod prIoeH.
TrlckM iif t.-Knvland.
Coinpftltlnn tn t. denlud.
< (innflenci' In I I'etor < 'onprr
Ddunidcil by t. KinprfHM.
lliiiii'Mty In I. LiiWH for.
rrnllti in i.-(iri'iit KIrmns.
Sii- K.XI'OIITS.
Oppimed Colli friiin Ktixland.
K(!Htrl(!ted N«w KiikIuikI Col.
Hcu llUSINKS.x :inil Sill I'M in (o^
rOiniTIINNION.
MlH('i'll:i'ii'(HiH rrinM-rrfi-renct'i*.
ffenoriil (!. for dlsfovory.
MIhhIiIK v.- HUl>Stllllt)'(l.
COItl.niTTRK.
MIh(t1IuIU'<)U« ITdNH-D'ClTCIICPM.
InlorfereiKHi of c. In war.
118 1
(192
♦.■i6n;i
♦(MIM
•:wi."i«
♦IMWT
♦.")0.19
♦fMMW)
♦.'.(LVt
•.VKIl
.<Ui8ll
3(104
.SA03
.S<ll)l
I. ".MM
2217
.'1987
vonvAntoTiH.
Mlm'i'lliiiioiiiin I riiu n'riri'iiri'ii.
Kiul i\ (Mindiinin to prUon .'Mllll
In I lentil AnDM'I'.iaii Indlitnit. l4ll
Meleol«(J simmt'ful <•. .Ciw
S,.i. A88()('IATK8.
DitiiKHroUR u. .1. Iloward'itiion. *:i78
Inipiira a. Sir Inane Newlon. ♦379
Intliienoe of a. I'ntor th«i Ureat.^380
liiirliil of llvInK a. linrliiirlani. <1hi
DanKin'oiiM H. t^iieen of .Sciotn. IIVl
UuRpUwililu a .Iumu'mII. MVT
Heleutlon of a. <lohnN<>n. ll.'iV
Unc'ontnnilnated by evil a. .'.03il
Hw ASSnclA'IKiN.
(')llinKed by ii.-(ire(!k" IHC,.')
Contitinlnated by priMoii a. r>M()l
<'t>iitrolled by a. -Alex. I'opo. 22!I8
DanKerouM a. with 'i'liiiodora. 4MI.'I
I)entrilc)tlve " Arli'muB Ward." 32KI
1131
980
981
4(10
407
COMiniTNIOIV.
with Clod Oliver Cromwell,
by Mk<!neH8-Jobn Milton.
I'nity by c -Oliver Cromwell.
Scr ItKOTIIEItllODD.
AcknowIedKod-Ain. Indians.
♦9iW
♦99(1
♦097
♦»;■;
Artificial b.-Old KnuUsh Guilds, .'isi
I'roclalniod-l'enn to Indians. 4091
See KEI,lA)\VSIIII'.
in SnfferiiiK- Napoleon. .')707
Sei' KUIKXD unci t'MON id /.-.■.
coininuNis:*!.
.•\merieiin c. -Colonist.'*.
K.4uallty by e.-I.yeurKiis.
-Spartans.
Vicious c.-Kelgn of Kobad.
COinMUNISTS.
Conspicuous e.-" Levellers."
Dangeroua " "
Mlscelliineon.s cross-references.
In Diet-Spartan tables.
Pleasure-seeklnft c. -England.
Power of c. -Paris.
Sec EQUALITY.
Religious e. -Mohammedan.
Sentimental e. -Napoleon I.
Communistic e.-Lycurgus.
In Crimes-Stoics.
Kullgloiis a. prlze(l.
Kepelled by John Mlllon.
Itulnoun a. (Jainblers.
" to Nero.
I'nlty by a. Cromwell Fox.
Sec A.-^SOCIATlONS.
Benoflolal a Marcus Aurellns.
tlulld of a.-Kiiu'land, a.d. 1214.
ProteotlTe a. AngloHaxons.
2(M)3
2701
22:3
2819
r.749
♦.382
*3HI
♦38;i
Contaminating a. Luther at II. 89(1
Dangers from a in government. 408
Effect of early liabitH and a -N. fiOO
Horrifying a. of London Tower. 715
Unimproved by good a.-IndlanH.0O4
See CLUMS.
Ancient c." Inimitable llvor8."*9(i2
Organization of old Kngllsh c. 381
See KUIKNDS 111 (oc.
COITIPAHIHONS.
Invidious c.-"Feastd.vs.Fa8t.''^10O4
♦998
♦999
♦UHK)
♦1001
MlBCcllaneous cro»H-reference9.
of Families Spartans. 808
in Food-American ravages. 2C>49
" Land by early Komans. 152
Kestoratlon of c.-Cleomenes. 2445
M(K)2
►1003
2182
33.35
1276
♦191C
♦1017
099
1294
MLHeelliineo'irternfCH-referenceH
Invidious c.-Kesults.
Proof by c. -Poverty -Fat.
St>e CONTKAST.
Greatness by c.-charlomagne.
Pity vs. Cruelty Inconsistency
coin PASS.
CrortH-reft'ience.
Distrusted by Columbus.
rOI»IPA«*S10N.
Discreditable c. -.lames II. '
Female c. -Indian girl.
Miscellaneous crossrefi renc«a.
Appeal to c.-Slx burgesses.
Destitute of c. -Indian women,
for Failure In life- Burns.
Woman's-Characteristlo c.
Sec CLEMENCY.
Appeal to c. of Mahomet.
Vile 0. of .las. II. to Informers.
Artful c. of Diocletian.
Declined by (Jellraer.
Exhibited to the unworthy.
.Sec GENTLENESS.
Excessive g. In ruler.
Failure of g. -Impiety.
Power over s. by g.-Joan of A.
of Rebuke-Cffisar's.
Success by g.-Mlssionaries
.WIC
1033
2472
. 8773
2840
►1005
4039
2074
2027
C045
♦918
♦910
2102
3748
48;^7
2394
3418
1.550
46.32
5.395
7!tl
Hi, KIMiNEKS.
Kellglonof k Khv.I. Nnwton.Moa
Conenaln faultn llervejr. UKB
Crime of k. Ill erimltial. im
Kiiprlinaml of k .loliiiHnn. I77.'i
of Savages III ColiimbuN. 2019
Spirit of k. Pope III Howard. ID
Sim MKUI'V.
ProvlMlon for m. A. Lincoln ♦TiSM
Affeellon Willi. lUt merey, 30(12
DeHidHed liy .leffreyM. 30(18
(iratltudt) for uparlng m 119
l.iiek of m. old Knglanii. ■i'^m
odious in. of .laines I! .'1997
Pleading for m CiiIiiIn. |i'i;|9
8.e .MII.HNEns.
Ill-timed m. New York mob 3H|6
8i'« IMTV.
Kaise p OppresNor's. ','692
Inserisllilo in p. Tlinonr. |.'|.'17
Manifested Abdallah. 2'J89
Moments of ji. cruel caliph. '2773
Pleasure marred by p. .'i,'t2i>
Punishment for p. Dr. llalenienl.MO
llestralneil by fear Heretics. 2."i.'i7
after Self protection. I Kit
rnnntiiral to man .lohnson. l.')53
Victim of his own p. (Jiildsmlth.543
Wlthlicld Suffering Tyrant. 1.'r,7
" by Komiins. 13."5
Woman's p. for foundling. 781
See SVMI'AI'IIY.
by Experience S .Johnson. ♦.'5493
Kreiiksofs. Napoleon I. ♦.M91
for the Friendless Lincoln. ♦.549.%
Mutual s. Napoleon I. ♦,5490
for Poor Lincoln. ♦5497
Keilglous s. -Puritans. ♦,5J9S
I'nmanned by s. -Columbus. ^5499
Heggars' arts-London. 1293
liimlcdiifTeiiilers-old Kngland. '2800
lA'ceiitrlclty of h. -Napoleon I. 3.578
i:iiragcd liy s. Fred. William. .'(.'WO
Female s.-Joan of Arc. 0104
" " Lucy Hutchinson. 0105
Power of s. -Pardon. 4001
Piayerful s. Wife of Martyr T. 079
SulTering In s. Dr. Mott. 5417
Various forms of s. for W. Scott. 92
See lii;.M;V(l|,EN(;E 111 l;<-.
COITIPKTITION.
Miscelliine'ins crM.*s-rerert'nces.
Fame bye. -Discoverers.
Progress by c.
Inworthy c.-Poet vs. Puppets. 18.'J5
See RlVALKY.
Huslness r. Steamboat,
an Obstacle-Politics.
Successful r.-Uizzio.
of Talent vs. Money-Home.
L'nsuspected r. -Brothers.
•2047
4 192
♦4918
♦4910
♦I'.iltl
♦4020
♦4917
of Physicians-Diverse systems. 538")
See RIVAL.
Authority in religlon-H. VIII. 4-301
Hitterness toward r.-Clay. 4247
Dangerous r. to royalty. 4284
Dislike of r.-Clcero. 44.54
Hateful r.-Wlfe's. 6068
nn
COM I'KTin )|{S-t;ONC;KIT,
I i
\ \H
Jealoui of r •(loUlmnltb. tina
Johiiion. 4410
Morlirylntf •luicfiiii of r. dtx^tor (I'M
Tliri'ittof r.-Niirii llrUuniiliiu*. 't:iiHl
Huu IMVAI.S.
Coinhat of r. Tluilmni. 8NHI
DiifnHt of r.hy .lofTorHon Lovci-g xm\
DlMconl tti tfnv't, by r.-Aoni. iillA
Kimiulc r < irtrtvlii VN.CIiiupiitru.Ul.Kl
.luitloiiii of r. Ili'iitliorit. Iil'.'O
JllllllHllll. MNI
l(i)l»!H|ilcrro. una
Wife vit. ('oiiriililim r. oioi)
COItlPK'riTOUN.
Ikiii>1>1u (1. (if Kiiip. (•nilliiii. *mY7
^Lc CiiNTK.'^r III /". .
<<Oirai*l.;«INTM.
DiKroKnrilud IIIIU<tln»; aot. •KXM
MIhi-cUiiii. (iiirt orioK-rt fcri'rici'^.
/'liarui'iiirlNtlc c. ruliiuTNtuii. IMll
(roiikcr'N (V Hull tliiios. I.'il5
l)lNri>t;iiril('il liiiiimtiN. Dl 13 j
lll-loiii|ii'riil r. .luhiisiiii. irilt;)
Illi'iiiiNlileriito c, l'(irii-li>M, 17(111 I
I'ITIIiIIISI' l>fl'K|ltlVl!N IlllllilllH. Ml.")
FermlHHioii of ('. Di'mIi'iI. l-Jill
L'seluRM o. iiKiiliiHl liU niotliiT A. Ill
Sci^ III. A MM.
AhmudioiI tiy KinitiiliioiuliiH. 'jNnfi
" (iiMiorously l,ep. .TWO
DlHiiwnod Cliiiri'li vm. Kliitf. .11)17
Eiidaruiiuuof I). WiiNliliiKtuii. !.'.'ll;!
Hie <'K(lAKINi).
of Di'ifoiieniey Kn>r. I'urltuiiH. •l;ll.^
lliihlt of o. iibo It tlio wi'uthoi'. ♦i;)i(i
Hue (IKiKVANCKS.
iKtiorud liy Jhiiioh II. 8HS3
.Suo (ilU'MllMNO.
over Kulluruti of Ad. NeUon. *2-l90
€OITII*LIITIKIVT.
Faint) ».'.- Ho hurt Itiiriis'HtoiiMt. *1(K)0
Oraooful 0. of Wni. of Orurih'o. ♦1010
Ml.iapprupriated-Cato. ♦1011
MlncclIiiiiooiH crosBrcfereiii'cH.
llurdeiisoino-Ofllco Cicero. 3H(H
by Confldeiico-Ca-'sur. 1011
Coiitomptuoiis c.-"8mallogt t." 741
for Ilosplfallty-dluttony. ;.'ti39
I'ubllo-Aluxandor Napoleon. aa33
See AUULATIO.V.
Offlclal a. of CharloH I. by Finch. *(50
liubukud of James I.-Hubjects'in.*«l
Kidicuious a. of II. VIII. -r. b. k. *6-i
for Money-Dedication of books. 40h
Sec KI.A'l'TKKY.
Artful f.-f'aptive Zenobla. ♦I'l.'ia
False f. of Henry VIII. *aiM
Fulsome f. of James I. *>i\:t4
Irritating f. of Fred, the Great. *ai5.'j
Uesoiited-Alexander. ♦ai.'iO
Xte warded- Excessive f. *S157
Deception by f.-Uochostor. 1 171
Develops servitude- Komans. .'i(i,5
JCiubarrassment by f.-('icsar. StCT
for Favor- Voltaire. 8825
Fulsome f. of ( harles I. 00
Wealth by f.-Le({aeles. 5971
of Woman's beauty-EItzabeth. 2684
Hue I'KAIHR.
l>i<morail/,iid by |). Cleero. ♦»37l
ICxtravuKant p. ('iriiro'H. *l.'IVil
orrenMlvu p. ■lohii Howard *I.'I7'I
Mervlli'p of Nero, •ri7l
rndtntiurnliiKp. r«biikud. *I3T.^
llciiellolal p.-AwakiuiN ambition. Itn
t'orreuled by eriHi'lMni. W.Ml
DlMerlinlnatliiK p. In It. triumph. I.M)
Most valued M.'n inolher'H p. II'J
Hoiitf of p. IIuMIh-IIi'IiI. 37MN
Trafllc liip Dciliniilunofl kK.IUH
<'oini>oNiTiu.-v.
Hasty n. of Hatiiiiel .IoIiiihoii. *I0I'.'
Labor of o.-Wordswortli. •I0|;i
Method in iv .lolin Milton. «|ii||
Hwlft c.-Wiivrrley Novels 'toi.'!
and Toil Koliert llurns. *IOin
1'oli.Mhed by Viixll. 1031
<'0.nPONlIHK.
MlKii'lllll,. .IM r|i.-,H II I'l ICIU'Cll.
before i;xi'i'Utloii- Arnyle. WlHl
liemarkiible r. Ali'Xiiiidi'r. Shrill
He.' CAL.M.NKSH.
Christian e.-Jolin Wesli'y Mob.*tllW
of Dlsi'lplliie Na|ioit'i)ii. •(190
Kxiisperatlntc e.-Soerutes. ♦7tiO
laill
Ilia
1III7
1 l.'il
am
a.-ia,')
a.'i.'io
1.M13
I'onquered by e -Mob.
In Death Duke of MniiiMouth
" *' Lord Stniffonl.
" " -Socrati's.
Faitli produces e. Htorm.
of (ierilus Admiral Drake.
.MiiHleriy c. Napoleon I.
I'ower In o. Cromweil.
lieilftion seeuri'Mc.KartlKinake.lOHr
UellKlouH e. FioKKinK'Ji'hnson.ai.v.l
In a Tumult 'I'lioinas Lee. 1571
CCnPHBIIKIVNIOIV.
I'rimrt ri'feniice.
Difficulty In c.-Dr. Jolinson. 10(14
OOITIPHOITIINB.
Failure of 0. -Missouri. ♦1017
(jualltieations forc.-Cranmer. ♦lOlH
Uojected by Aristldos tlie Just.^IOlU
Hettlemont by e. Slavery. ♦loao
ou .slavery- Federal Uov't. ♦loai
Tomporlziuft e. -Omnibus bill. ♦lOaa
Mlsccllaneoui) cronB-refcrenccs.
Failure of c. with Jame.s II. 3-18
IiupoMsiblc-l'. H. and France. 5710
In Legislation -CouKress. 31H0
of Frlnclplo JustKled. SH75
" liy offeriuK Incense. H19
" " a sei^mUiif success. 30aa
Sec ('ON'-ESSION.
Dangerous c.-K. to Tribunes. *i(!ti\)
8854
717
Need of c. unappreciated.
See TIIIMMEK.
Political t.-Ualifux.
Guardod-Mah. from assassins. ♦loas
Unpleasant c.-Bohcmoud. ♦1024
Mlscellaiieoim erossrefereiices.
of Corruptlon-Hlank clause. 1079
Dangerous o. of Atheuaslui . 4530
by Mnnler of witness. 8fl7t
Hucecisfui e. of Mahomet. U:|77
See lUSCII'ISK.
Iletrayud Kx (^ueeii Mary. *tlVIO
Clerleai d. John lluiiyan. ♦IflAO
Dangerous d. LoiiKchamii. *li).M
Detected ( iodlus I'liiilier. ♦lll.VJ
Dimciill FUttht of ( harles I. ♦lll.Vl
hueoetsful d. bmp. .Majorlan. ♦lU.Vt
Diffleuit Ulehard I. 117.1
lor Kvll deeds-rtdltics lirlbery. ima
Ineffective d. itiehard II. 1014
" Jeffreys. 4HI3
in .Masiiucrade Deadly. .'tnia
of I'atrloi.s lloHton Tea Party. 3.'ao
I'lMietrated by Joan of Arc, aHll.l
Perilous d, of martyrs. 354)0
PerMoiial Suecessfiil I'liarles 11,3911
UellKlollM d. of .lesults. 301)1
Hiiooessliil Alfred the Great. 5Hatl
Wife disguised In man's dress. 3IN3
S<e DI-SKMIU.IMi.
Successful d. of Faustina. ♦UKS
I'nsueeesKfiii d, of Charles I. ♦1070
of Melancholy Yoiiiik.
In Speech Knnian^.
S.i' DISSIMII.ATInX.
Dangers of d. Cliiirles 1.
Pollllc d. of nmiliers.
Political d, Newcastle.
" " Turks.
KeilKlous d.- Knipernr J"Man.
Koyal d.-Georire III.
Src l'HI\ A
of Conversatliiii L.
1070
5ai)a
♦11177
♦1078
♦1079
♦1(188
♦1081
•I(!8a
•1171
Kespooted by Na|ioleon I. 8(ia0
" Ciesar, 3H(15
Inspected Cromwell's p. 4177
See CON'SI'IKACY luiil DECEP-
TION III lor.
('0N4:KIT.
Changeless c.-( 'Icero's.
Foolish e. -Xerxes -Shackle
Literary o. -Thomas Paine
♦ioa5
♦lo-ao
♦1087
of silly c.-Xerxes-Mountain. ♦lOas
Mlscellaiieouii erossrofercnceii.
Artistic c. of Nero. 337
Danger of c. -liniddock's defeat. 97
National c.-Knglish-Frenoh.
National e. of English.
Personal c. of Jefferson Davis.
I'olltlcal c. of James II.
Uemovod-" Invulnerables."
See EOOTISM.
Caste e. -Young Uyron.
Charaotcrlstio e. of J. Adams.
Contrast In o.-Ciesar and CIc.
of Genlus-Ollvor Goldsmith.
Iloyal e. -James II.
4003
3781
3920
4958
5842
♦1832
♦1833
♦1834
♦1835
♦1830
Outragod-Clcero's e. 8873
Uebuked by Plato. 5778
.See SELKCONCEIT.
Braggart's s.-c. -Royalist In N.Y. 013
Folly of s.-c.-Ba.lazet-Gout. Oil
Personal majesty of Sapor. 441
See PRIDE.
Absence of p. In Caesar. ^4447
I
CONCKHSION CONDlCr.
:i»3
Kit.
1W7I
tiomut.
wm
ri.sK.
Marr.
*mo
iiyiiii.
*iim
-Iiiiini).
♦iiifii
Illrlior.
•lavj
Iiiirlim I.
*I(i:).'l
Miijorlm
. 'itiM
1171
UH Mrlhi
ry. tlti-j
rd II.
(till
yit.
■IHI.'I
ly.
.'iTiia
'I'll I'liit
y. ;):.-.»o
of Arc,
JMIIS
M,
■Mm
'.'liarl«Hn..JOii
R,
Mdiii
1 (fn^ut.
flHUtt
II '8 ilti'Ht
. am
I.IMi.
tina.
♦1675
itrlun I.
♦1070
1070
saod
\TIn.v.
I.
•it)rr
*mn
,
*i(irit
♦lli,S8
J ''lull.
•ItWl
•!()*»
"1171
II I.
mjo
'■imr,
p.
■1177
1 DKCEl'.
•
*w-jr,
klo.
♦loao
ne.
•1087
ituiii.
•10S8
erenccs.
327
8 defeat. 97
noh.
■um
3781
Davih
. 3980
4958
)S."
syja
*1832
lams.
♦1833
Clc.
♦183-J
1th.
♦1835
•1830
887.1
6778
T.
n N.y. 613
It.
(ill
r.
441
♦4447
OharaiUorlitlo p K. H)*ym<iiir. ♦HtN
i.'DniMiHlKil t / huiiitllty *4IIU
l)(>r»liNlvii l>. Miiiiiiitil Jiiliiiiioll.'li.'M)
Knily of i>. l)B«tnici.lvi!. ♦lift!
lliirnllUiiMl Sniiiiitil •lohiiNon. *HM
Mortlltiiil ollvur (liihliniltli. ♦I4n.'t
«if Itlvttlry CIceioH. ♦41(H
Haurltlmi* fur |>. UohUinlth'*. ♦4IU
flubjutfutlon of I.iitlKir'N p. ♦4iriO
Vuln glorloun ii.of llniiry Vin.<'4in7
;iMi
4*19
»m
«<174
1K178
449'J
ir.87
8810
88-,'0
ll'taiitful p Olwilml ihitTurk.
VH. (/Miarlty Nxwtori,
<'(iinp<ttltloii of p. Kxtru'u,
('(iverltiK tiiiinlllty Itrokiit.
DrNtruutlTH p. I'uliii'i'M iind u.
DlKMlpitilon r)!inovi')t p. I'ou.
Ddwufull of p. JiiIIhii.
J''iidonvor xpitrriMl liy p.
lliiiiilllatKd l>y proiiiotloM.
IliiiiiilUltoii of p ruiiaiiou.
IiuliiHtry micrllUti'd lo p.
Iiiriituatlon of p. .laiiioK II.
Injured by Hymputliy \V. Hiiott'M. Ii8
Money to ({nit Ify p. 3(179
Mortlllciitlon of |>. OoUUmltli. 88(U
Mortllled by rival S. JobiiMon. 44.')()
National p. arount'd. 8I4H
Offended I'ortralt of Kllzaboth.4M89
VB. I'eae(3 National Tliebaus. 4095
Poverty with p. JohiiHon.
UeNentmeut of wounded p.
" " orltliilHm.
Sorrowful p. JohnNon.
uf Vr e OainbllnK.
War, cause of KiiKland.
Wousuled by Indlffeienco.
" " precedence.
Keo VANITY.
ExcesHlvo v.-UlocU.tlan.
Folly of V. Madmaii.
FooIIhIi v. -KerKUfon.
with OreatneHH Queen Bllz.
Uebuked-" Fine t'oat."
" -Oold»ralth'8 y.
" -Artaxerxes' v.
" -MenecfHtes' v.
Mldloulous V. -Monumental.
Victim of V. -Alexander.
4319
8018
4817
10(18
8878
3005
1516
1671
♦5772
♦6773
♦5774
♦6775
♦6770
♦5777
♦5778
♦6779
♦5780
♦5781
of Ambltlon-Clriint-Alfonso.
Architectural v. -Pyramids.
8681
8305
6647
In Benevolence-Johnson. 581
Clerical v. In erecting St. Sophia 804
Covered with ragn. 6677
of Earthly possesNlon. 8379
Flattered-Charles I. by Pinch. 00
Illndranoe of v. -John Adams. 3894
IIomaKe to v. of Greek Einp'rors.69
' Diocletian. 80
of Honors-Queen Marj'. 8019
" Llfe-Captlve klni?. 3298
In Old AKe-Constantlne. 6778
" " " -Queen Elizabeth. 6775
Perilous v.-Emperor Julian. 3078
of Popularity-Cromwell. 4324
Prevents success-Tlmotheus. 2813
Rebuked-Buokingham's. 3904
" -Demnratus. 8903
Sensitive v.-Vc Italre's. 81.N5
Victimized by .^ompey. 5
<:ON<'KMNION.
DanKiirouau. l(onmu»tuT. ♦lOW
('riMtrafiireiica.
Need of 0. unapiiruelattul. 8054
8««i CoNf'lI.IATIo.N in loc.
CONOIMA'riON.
by FuTors-Aiinn of Aiutrla. *10RU
Puller of e ■Cimar'*. ♦1"31
VI. Tbr«iat«nlnK <-mMr. *l(K)<i
3900
8U9I
Ono-ilded <i.-[,ord llown.
den. Patterson
H..' I.KNITV.
Official 1. Itohert Uurni. 1558
UiiKratnful for 1 Innoeenoo, 18'18
Hci. UKriiNclI.IATIoN.
by Kxplanatliiii Win. and .Mary. 1984
InipoMNlblu JamcH II. anil Purl. 1I8.VI
IndependeiKMt better than r.
Onr nlded r. l'lrlf>liic)i.
8upt'rflulat r. Orli'ims and II.
" Dylnif Kied. II.
CON<'OUD.
Crnn^ ri'fiTfm'u.
vs. Conquered .MiNlake.
Mev AllKKKMKNT.
Forced a. a Failure.
Neo'Hsary In Denunciation.
Policy In a. -Cicero Poinpey.
Sen IIAHMU.W.
Fearof h.-HpartaiiH ("nt'ntlon.
Hi'.' IN' ION in loc.
OONt ITHINICH.
MlHCt'll'^iit'oiiH cro^^H-rffcr^'iiccs
Power of Pernlan e.
Passion for e -KlaKabalun.
OONDKN8ATION.
Literary c. Ciesar Veul, etc.
" " -Virgil's writings.
CONDESCUNSION.
t!rii»Hreferuiici'.
Shameful o.-Miirla Theresa.
Sue AKKAUILITY.
Falsehood In a. -Charles I.
8co IH'MII.ITY in loo.
CONDITION.
('romn'fi rtnce.
Concealed-( 'orruptlon.
See CIKCUM.STANCK.H.
Difference In c.-Alexandor.
Controlled by o.-" BobblnR J." 89.1
Sep (Jt'AI.ITY in Inc.
CONDOLENOB.
Unappreciated -Urunt at Pekln.^1035
See SYMPATHY.
by Exporlence-S. Johnson. *M9Z
Freaks of s. -Napoleon I. ♦5494
for Friendless-Lincoln. ♦5495
Mutual s.-Napoleou I. ♦5490
for Poor-Lincoln. ^5497
Religious s.-Purltans. *5498
Unmanned by s. -Columbus. ♦5-199
Beggar's arts for s.-London. 1293
Denied offenders-Old England. 8800
Eccentricity of s. -Napoleon I. 3.')78
Enraged by s.-Fred. Wm. 3389
Female s.-Lucy Hutchlnpon. 0105
" -Joan of Arc. 0104
Power .if s.- Pardon. 4001
Prayeiful s.-Wlfe of Martyr T. 679
3918
6.')01
8095
8808
10<17
183
l(l.-3
3918
♦8588
H<ifri<rln« In i. I)r Molt. 5417
Various furina of s for W. Hnott. M
4'ONDI'OT.
Almurd Sa-niiel JolinNoii. *l0.ia
('ontraillelory <• Steele. 'iiW
DIsNoliite !• HIgii of (•orrupt'n.*|o.'W
rieandaloiiii c. In high life. *|iiiiU
MlHrctlitnriiiiii crnNR ri'TKriMiet •.
AutliindeelHlve "My Sword .. b.''»)()
" Speak "llmllligaNpear."*!!
" Cutting tallest p, ♦48
Authority to ruguliitx e. Censor. 74U
• » •» II II II 7,17
Changed by conv«ritli>n. UDU
" " eonvlellDns. I,'i.l7
Character evinced liy c. Nap. 1380
Condemned by e. A. Herbert. 1119
Contemptible (^ (.'oiiiniddiis. I.V.m)
Controlled by Win P. ofOranKi- 181
Contradictory I'. Jiiniiw II imil
IncoiiHlHtent •lumen II. 57'.'.'!
Pioprlely In iiiliilHterlal e. I |M4
HurprlHliig II .Mary Princess of C.7H8
96g
900
♦10.'t3
♦1034
4849
1078
1070
♦887
Unexpected <v In pollllcs.
Hn> ('iin'8Ihtkni;y.
DUregard fore. -James II.
4841
►1133
Noble 11. William I'enn. 48,">5
Overrated by James II. 4401
Hie I'ut'UTK.SY.
Denied to Hpciikcr J. K. Polk. ♦1857
Forfeited by Up. of Wlnch'Hfr.^l8r)M
Marked c. Peculiarity of Kng. ♦185J
to Unfortunates Black Prlnoe.^1800
and Crnelty of Black Prince.
Devotion to c. Knights.
ICmliarraMsIng c. (loldsmlth.
llearllexH Roman c.
Iiidili'ls denied c.
In.selislblc to claims of o.
Scant c. remembered.
Sie DKCKNCY.
Kegard ford. -Young Newton.
See DKCtillU.M.
In Debate American Indians.
Ministerial d. S. Johusim.
Heu (IKNTILITY.
by Restraint-Samuel Johnson
Vicious g.-Samuel Johnson.
vs. Character-Cromwell.
Effect of g.-Love-llatred.
VH. Rfllglon-Offonce.
" Rudeness-Johnson.
Vice glided by g.
of Woman by restraint.
See MANNKK8.
Blunt m. -Diogenes.
Changed-Romans.
Effects of m. -Well-Ill-bred.
" " " -S. Johnson.
Neglected-Samuel Johnson's.
Plain m.-G. Fox, Quaker.
Unrefined m.-S. Johnson's.
Urbane m. of Charles II.
Affected by language.
Awkward and agUe-Shelley.
Blunt m. of William IIL
Brutal m.-Frederlck II.
Chivalrous m. -Black Prince.
Contrasted- Athenians vs.L.
779
1181
4;i.'!.')
2013
88;) 1
80 1 1
408:)
♦1478
♦MH3
♦1IH4
♦8.118
♦8319
4.591
3417
2fl.-)6
,3418
2319
2318
♦3415
♦.T-llO
*;)4I7
♦3418
♦3-119
♦.'J-I-'O
♦3121
♦3488
31.33
443
4289
8551
2336
3790
I
794
Corrupted m. duHtroy Uoine. jVOi)
Deceptive m.-SunJerluiid. aiKl7
Demoralized by bud plillos'pliy. 4104
£uoentiluni.-y. JohnsoD. 8310
" " " ajll
EndaOKered by wealth. 3H54
too Fuiulllttr in. J. Uogg. 2061
Imitation of m.-J. Uvgg. 2001
Plain in.-Mrs. Pre-s't Jackson. f)815
Simplicity of m.-Mother of W. 2780
Truiiilntt In m. liCfective. 5070
Unrolluod m. of Cromwell. 802
Unrestrained m. -Perilous 2002
Sfo I'OLITENESS.
Burdensome p.-Uand-shaklnK- SMO
CharacterlHtIo p. of Mahomet. 801
Death-bed p. of Charles II. 3422
with Dectltutlon. 20r)0
Disagreeable p -Cn'sar's. 3400
DIstlnKulBhed for p. /EmlUus. 1002
Ignored by politicians. 3804
Intontloual p.-Ue(?ont of China. 1035
Kind p.-Siillor's. 0021
Mark of p.-tJiuttony. 2039
Kule of p.-Jolinson. 1.593
Trespass on p. -Criticism. 1312
to Women-Sabines. 6110
See PROPRIETY.
Ignored-Mlnlgterial p. 1737
See KEFINE.MENT.
Characteristic r.-. Athenians. *I6I0
Misjudtced-Amerlcan Indians. *4041
Recommended-Urldal r. *4642
Absence of r.-Dlogenes. 3415
Preludlces of r. -Greeks vs. R. 709
See HRAVERY, CRUELTY, DI.-^.SI-
I'ATION, IIAIUT, INDUSTRY,
LICENTIOUi^NE.S.'^, LIFE, MOD-
ESTY, NOBILITY, PRU-
DENCE, PIETY, WICK-
EDNESS /■;) loc.
CONFESSION.
Miscellaneous crosa-refiToiicon.
Death-bed c. -Shameful. 1081
Governmental c. of weaknes?. 2402
Honorable o., Forgiveness by. 3819
" " of wrong. 4643
Humble c. -Bishop Cranmer. 1249
Manly c. of Inability. 2080
Misused-Crimlnals. 5833
Quasl-c. refused-Huss. 1918
Shameful c.-Bribery-Baoon. 1213
Threat of o.-Terrlfying-Ncro. 1347
See RECANTATION.
Impossible-Martin Luther. *4G33
Formal r.-Unreal-Gallleo. 6027
Refused-Luther. 1092
" by Hooper. 1233
Repeated 6time.s-Bp. Cranmer. 1849
See REPENTAN('E in loc.
CON PENSION A I..
Secrets of tlie ^\ '.iidi.sciosed. ♦1040
CONFKDUNCfi.
Compliment or c.-Ca;sar. ♦1041
Erroneous c. -Bonaparte's. ♦1(M3
Excess in c.-Major Andr6. ♦lOlS
Perilous c.-Harold II. ♦1044
Power of c.-Queen Margaret. ^1045
Premature c.-A. Lincoln. ^1040
Superstitious c.-Otho the Gr't.^1047
Tested-Alexander's. ^1048
CONFESSION— CONQUEST.
Ml-ii'elhiiiedus cross-refcrflnces.
Betri.yed-Kmp. Theodoslus. 1878 !
Dangerous over-c.-Ney. 39.')7
Forfelttd-Demosthenes bribed. 078
Misplaced c. -Howard's servant. 878
Over contidctico, Defeated by. 471
Restored-Wllllam and Mary. 5998
Reward of c.-Fre .'"ilck the O. 1847
Success by c.-Ciesar. 5101
Weakened by suspicion. 8,")28
Withheld by Napoleon I. 5003
See CREDrMTY.
of Phllosophera-!*bven ♦1281
RellgiouE c.-Prlesturaft. ♦1283
of the Sick-Lord Audley. ♦P.'sa
Superstitious c. -Romans. *VMl
" -Persians. *1'MJ
See HOPE.
Happiness In h S. Johnson. ♦20;J1
a Trcasure-Pordlccas. ^2032
Utilized In War-Paul Jones. tl4fi
" by avarlce-M. Crassus. Oa?
See KIKE in Inc.
COP^FIilCT.
Bootless c.-Uunker Hill. ♦1060
Land of c.-Kentucky. ♦lOOI
Rule of c.-Wni. P. of Orange. ♦1003
Self-sustaining e.-Si)olls. ♦lOO.'i
Unnatural c.-Wni. I. the N. ♦1004
Unprepared for c. -Greeks. ♦lOO.'i
Delusion of parental h.
Enchantint^nt of h. -Goodyear,
vs. Experience-Marriage,
in the Grave-Indian burial,
of Liberty-a Crime.
Sorrow In loss of parental h.
Strengthened by h- S. Adams.
a Treasure-Alexander.
" Virtue- Varro despaired not.
See HOPES.
False h.-" Land 1 Land!"
See PRESUMPTION.
Foolish p.-Emperor IVtrr.roh.
Reward of p. -Indignity.
Papal p. resented.
Ridiculed by Parthlans.
of Suceess-Capt. Lawrence.
Successful p. of three men.
of Youth-Nasica.
" " -Pompey.
" " -Louis XIV.
See SELF-CONFIDENCE.
Coronation of «elf-Napoleon.
Sec TRUST.
In Providence- Wm. P. of O.
-A. Lincoln.
See FAITH in loc.
4002
4]'>4
3481
3201
32;u
4005
]()29
5099
]W)0
1005
♦4443
♦4444
046
1712
2.570
1070
2814
6210
6209
1331
1336
4,558
4559
CONFISCATION.
Avaricious c.-Emp. Maximin. '1049
Religious c.-.\. d' Albuquerque. ♦10.50
Cross-reference.
of Property of cowards-Rom- 1275
CONFLAGRATION.
Defensiv; e. -Columbia, S. C.
Dastructive c. -Moscow.
" " -Boston.
" " -Chicago.
" " -London.
" "-Moscow.
" " -New York.
" -Rome,
in War-Carthage.
♦1051
♦1055
*10r)2
♦10,53
♦1054
♦1050
♦1057
♦1058
♦1059
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Destructive c. of London. 693
Patriotic c.-B. of Jamestown. 4043
Miscella'jcous ernns-referonctB.
Inglorious c.-Conimodus. B883
Sentimental c.-Karth and sea. 970
Sham c. -Battle of Brenneville. 4lil
tliu Spiritual vs. Animal-Man. 40!mj
Unequal e.-Plzarro Assassins. 1008
" personal c. 4838
CONFIilCTS.
CroHH-reference.
Mental c. In religious duty-Joan. 417
See CONTEST in toe.
CONFUSION.
Mlsei-Il:uic<ju« eruHH-referenced.
Defeated bye.- Persian host. 466
Governmental c. -New Jersey. 2408
See ANARCHY.
Authorized by Innocent III. 4948
Night of a.-Fllght of James II. 4913
CONGREGATION.
Cross- re fereneei".
Abandoned by c. -Clergy. 988
Indignant c.-De|)nrt're-Traltor.2795
CONGREGATIONS.
Large c. of Joh.i ' esley. ♦lOO*
See ASSEMltLIES.
Interdicted-Religlous-England.^375
See ASSEMBLY.
Immense-Ccnteiinial year, 1876. 40e4
" 80,000 p.-Colosseum. 681
Popular a. opposed. 2458
Unwleldy-80,000 priests. 3833
See AUDIENCE.
Necessary for great ora*.ory. 3958
Speaker Impressed by a. 4822
See HEARERS.
Unappreclatlve h -Johnson's. ♦2633
See HEARING.
Released from h.-C'ngr'gation.^253:i
Determined on a h. -Luther. 257
Prevented by appetlle-Cato. S66
See MOB.
Audacity of Paris m.-Revo'utlcB.6.58
Calmness amid the m. -Wesley. 698
of Fanatics controlled by dem. 40
MIstakenCinna put to d'iath. 372
Terrifying m.-New York draft. 8646
CON^VIDREtt.
vs. Concord-MlstaKi'. ♦1067
Conquerors c.-1'izarro. ♦10C8
See DEFEAT in loc.
CONttUEKORS.
by Resolution -Freinont-Cal. ♦1009
CONtlCEST.
by Destruction-d'A!b'qu'rque.^l070
Ends of c.-Pyrrhus-Pleasur^. ♦1071
Fruitless o.-Anclent Persians. ♦1073
Impossible c. -Darius. ^1073
Necessary c.-Cortez-Mexico. ^1074
Period of c.-ReIgn of Ed. IIL ♦WS
Presumptuous c. -Three men. ♦1070
Suii-endered-Crusaders-J. ♦lO?"
ones.
64A
(TttSSUS. 6HS
Inc.
T.
1.
♦law
*10«1
)runf;e.
*i()ca
Is.
•10«.t
ON.
*mvi
I'ks.
♦llHl.)
efi!rcnci'
.
US.
58a;i
ind sea
970
iieville.
4111
il-Man.
46!W
sassins.
lOOH
4K)8
rs.
iity-Jonn.417
n luc.
»N.
L'fereiices
boat.
460
Jersey.
2408
y.
tin.
404S
inies II.
4913
rioN.
es.
y-
033
-'rraltor.2705
IONS.
y-
*20G«
ES.
SDglaiid.*ST5
,Y.
lar, 1876. 40e'4
sseum.
681
245a
3833
E.
i*.ory.
3953
48a3
CONQUESTS— CONRECRATIOX.
son's. *263a
nation
.*25a;j
lior.
»'i7
'iito.
S60
?'>'utlcH.6.58
i'esley
. 698
y dem. 40
'iath.
373
draft
. 8646
U.
*1007
♦10C8
lo.:
ts.
Cul.
•1009
1
•
Yque
*1070
lure.
♦1071
lans.
♦1073
♦1073
ico.
♦1074
III.
♦1075
nen.
♦1070
■
•1077
MlHCollanoniiii cronsrcfi-rcnci'n.
by Art-Koman Hlfffo-towers. 836
Career of c.-lMzarro. 641
Completed by coLolllatlon-C. 1081
Consecrated for c. -Youth. 6179
Extensive c. of Tlmour. 809
Genius for o.-Wm. fuU-Eng. is m. 33
by Money vs. Arms. 4885
Numerous o.-Cresar's. 5898
Possible American c.-Prediotion.S12
Robbery-War. £470
Successful 0.-1600 cltlos-rom'y.3'.'H5
by Treachery-Cablaus by Sextus. 43
Visionary c.-De Soto.
See <;I{USAUEUS.
Nnmenms c.-Slx millions.
Origin of c. -Peter the Ilurmtt.
Sec CRUSADES.
Craze for c.-Saorlflceb.
Credulity in o.
Lobs of life In e.-Two million.
Sec SUBMISSION.
Humiliating s.-Hlohard II.
of Soul-Peiiitcntlal B.
Exacting s.-James II.
Humiliating s. -Captive Erap.
Prayer of s.-Socratea.
SoHl'a B. to God.
Sec SUB-JUGATION.
Intolarablo s. by Irish troops.
Oppressive s. by Mahomet II.
Resented by Bishop Mark.
Sec SUKRENDEK.
to Death-Boges.
Demandcd-Gthan Allen.
Disgraceful s.-Manohester.
Final B.-Clvii War.
Impossible s.-The Old Guard.
Indignant s.-P. Stuyvesant.
Prevented-Charter Oak.
1980
♦1375
♦1370
8411
33.-)8
♦5381
♦5382
248
2197
45:)7
5383
♦5378
♦5379
883
♦5408
♦5409
♦5470
♦5471
♦5173
♦5473
♦5474
Infamous s.-10,000 Scots to 500 E.306
of Life, Cheerful s. 1430
" " " "-Defeat. 1494
" " Noble 8. 3830
Refusal to s., Determlned-G. 1372
Unconditional s. Ft. Donelson. 1891
See DEFEAT, TRIUMPH, and
VICTORY i/i loc.
of Peace-Purchase of L. ♦1078
CONSCIENCE.
Abdication of c.-I'ope Clem.V.^1079
an Accuser-Murderer's. ^1080
" " -Death-bed confess.^lOSl
Authorized-Jesuits' Gunp'der. ♦1083
Awakened-Peter Cartwright. ^1083
" -John Bunyan. ^1084
" -Earthquake. ♦10S6
" -by Mother's pray er.^ 1087
" -Rev. W. Qa9saway.*1088
" Rev. John Wesley. ♦lOSO
" ♦John Bunyan. *1085
vs. Conscience-Intolerance. ♦lOQO
Conquers conque/ors-Wiii. II. ^1091
Defence of c. -Martin Luther. ♦lOflS
Ed-ioation of c.-Rev. Newton. ♦1093
Krratt* c.-James II. *1094
Explained- " " ♦lOQS
Guilty o.-Caracalla's. ♦lOOO
Honored-King Wm. Rufus. ♦lOW?
Imperfoct-A. d'Albuquerque. ♦1098
Indiscreet c -Marcellus. ♦lOOO
Intorpreted-Sacrilcge. ♦IIOO
Liberty of o.-Roger Williams. ♦I 101
" ' "-Oliver Cromwell. ♦1103
" "-Cromwell'a tlme.^no3
.. "_(jromwell. ♦liai
Perverted by Jesuits. ♦IIOS
" -Hernando Cortez. 'IICO
" -Jacques Clement
Phar.tom of c.-Constans II.
Power of e.-BeiiJ. Abbott.
Qulckened-Reactloii of crime. ♦I 110
-Reign of James II. ♦nil
Reminder-King Philip. ♦lllS
Sale of c.-Reign of James II. ♦1113
Scruples of c.-Purltans.
Terrors of c.-Emp-Theodor^c.
Ilneducated-Eng. slave-trade
Victory of c.-Sir Thos. More.
Warning of c. -Charles I.
Worthless c. of James II.
Wronged-an Evil Genius.
♦1107
♦1108
♦1109
♦1114
♦1115
♦1116
♦1117
♦1118
♦1119
♦1130
Miscellaneous croHs references.
Agitation of untaught c. 8874
Approval of c.-I)eath of Vane. 3334
in Behevolence-John Wesley. 51H
5-19
" " -Mary Fletcher. 519
-LadyH'nt'ngd'n.530
540
-Bishop Coke.
Compromlsed-Luther's.
Convictions of c.-Pal>'ful.
5.39
1570
40.^8
1180
1181
1478
1330
3840
Deceived c. -Assassins of C.
Dishonored -Regretted,
by Educatlon-Rellcs-Oath.
" -Head of Emperor.3843
Kocentrlo c. of Penii. 2775
Erratic c. -Suicide of Donatlsts. 3506
Force to i^ubdue tender c. 2904
Freedom of c. In Maryland. 1100
Hatred stimulated by c. .3389
Ill-trained o. toward pagans. KBO
" '• " -Pizarro. lOiIS
Inconsistency of c.-Wm. Penn. 007
License of c.by Gabriel-M'h'm't's.03
Majorities cannot rule. 2431
Misdirected e. -Bloody Mary. 0073
" -Joan-Dress. 1730
Misfortune Interpreted by c. 1100
Mixed-Self iiiusion-Fraud. ]4()8
a Pretext Sunderland. 1186
Quiet c.-George Washington. 5211
Restless c. -Hindoo pilgrimages 2,')38
Satisfaction for c. -Penance. 1662
Stings-Guilty c.-Caracalla. 1096
Troublesome c.-Qiiakers. 8!J02
"-John Knox. 3,'504
Uncompromlsed-.Iohn Bimyan. 2704
Uneducated c -Slave-trade. 5221
Sec AWAKENING.
Spiritual a.-Bunyan. 1180
" .^)69
" -Terrible-Bunyan. 5108
'• -Martin Luther. 1178
Splrlluul a.-Terrlfying-Nelson.
" -Bunyan.
" -A. Clark.
" " -Hartley '.'anipbell.
"-I1. )). ';ough.
" " -Misery In.
" " -Melancholy-^Kox.
" " by Prayer.
" " -Unhapplnesa by.
See CASUKSTRY.
Difficult c. -American Indian.
Question in c (iallleo.
" of c. Falsehood.
See REMORSE,
of Persecutors-Charles IX.
Royal r.-Kdward IV.
for Forgory-Divlon.
Sudden r. for murder- Alex.
" "-Ex'n of Joan of Aic
Sec Rioirr.
of Might-English earls.
" -William III.
" -Sword,
by Precedent-Napoleon I.
and Wrong-Boundaries.
of MIght-Couqucst.
vs. " -Am. Revolution,
of Reprisal-Arab robbers.
Unquestioned, yet false.
See .SCRUPLES.
Affected s. of RIcL ird III.
Ilyiioeritical s -James II.
Sueraratintal- Enemies.
Temple robbed-Misfortuue.
See WRONd.
Neither give nor take w.
Suffering w. vs. Doing w.
See COXVlirriON, (JUILT,
RALITY, PERSE(;UT10N a
UEl.KJlONiiiiOC.
796
1180
1191
1181
4103
1179
1193
3564
11.H8
1193
*7.*»
B?27
2045
♦4708
♦4701
2192
1744
4031
. 4137
♦4903
*4iMt3
♦4904
♦4905
♦4906
1098
r>«34
4936
5747
8742
ii;j3
3097
1100
3872
4188
no-
11(1
CONSECUATION.
for Confllct-Knlghts. ♦1131
without Faith John Wesley. ♦1133
Miacelliiiieous crt)HS-r"fercnoe.s.
Ceremony of c.-Knig ..s.
for Conquest-(irecian Youth,
of Spoils, Pious c.-Aurelian.
" " to Rfnevolence.
for War- Janizaries.
See llEDICATION.
Changed-Blblia Polyglotta.
True religious d. -Church.
to God-Knigl'.ts.
" " -John Wesley.
Indifferent d. of temple.
See DEVOTION.
Absolute Mohammedan d.
Commendable d. of St. Amb.
Entire d of Bp Thomas Coke
Ministerial d. of Thomas Lee.
Self-saerifioing d.-BBllsarlus.
3088
6179
.viie
.V39
5355
♦1485
♦1486
1121
1122
C159
♦1568
♦l,-)09
.♦1.570
♦1571
♦1573
Absolute d. of life. 3843
to Amusement-Angelus. .3896
" Banner-Mohammedan. 2.567
Blind d of Persian assassins. ■ 374
w
r, IE
I ill
:»! f
I :::i;il
i jl.
li:
' J',
\ 1:11
! i
ij
i
1
iL
796
External d. to the pope. 2676
Filial d.-SeekInK pardon. 30U8
Reward of d. -Garibaldi's. 404£
Secret of d. -Money. 8705
Servant's d. to mistress. 5180
of Solillers-Swodes to Chas.XII.ia39
Soldlor's <l. to standards. 3838
to Study -Yoiin»f Napoleon. tii'tt
Terrible oath of d. by gladiators. 102
of Wlfe-Lafayotte's.
" Woman-II. Wentworth.
" -Mrs. Unwln.
to Women-Kiii({hts.
COIVSENT.
Enforcod-Scuatf.' to Caracalla. •1123
.See AdllEEMENT.
Forced a. a failure.
Necessary In denunciation.
Policy in a.-Cieer()-I*iiiu|)oy.
CONSERVATISJn.
Curod-Peter the Great.
Dangers of o.-Dr. Arnold.
Doscrlbed-Uobert Ced
Excessive c.-KeiKn of Chas.II.*1127
Foolish c.-Anti-proKresslve. *lia8
Non-Progressive c.-Dukeof N.*1129
" -Mlnes-Eng*1131
Opposition of c. to police. *1130
Political c.-Lord Halifax. »113a
4318
2516
28a3
2860
1S3
1653
3918
♦im
*U85
♦1126
II.
Miscellaneous cross-references
of Capital-Romans.
Characteristic c. -Halifax,
of the Church-Presumed-J,
Impossible-Man or mouse.
Opposition of c. -Light,
of Property-owners.
" Pulpit-Political c.
Kuinous c.-Monmouth.
See FOGYISM.
Judicial f.-Learning needless
an Obstacle-Manufacturers.
Unveiled-no Golden Age.
See PESSIMISTS.
Error of p.-Evlis are old.
National p. -English bankruptcy.451
Sec TRIMMER.
Political t.-Lord Halifax.
CONSISTENCY.
Disregard for c. -James II.
Cross-references.
Noble c.-Willlam Penn,
Overrated by James II.
CONSOLATION.
of Philosophy-Sen. Boethius. ♦1134
709
5717
857
3396
8938
4516
4502
1222
♦2164
♦2165
♦8166
126
♦5717
♦1133
4255
4461
Cross-references.
In Religion-Charles I.
4692
Strange c. in death.
1417
See SYMPATHY.
by Experience-S. Johnson.
♦5493
Freaks of s. -Napoleon I.
♦5494
for Friendle.ss-Lincoln.
♦5495
Mutual 8. -Napoleon I.
♦5496
for Poor-Lincoln.
♦5497
Religious 8. -Puritans.
♦.5498
Unmanned by s. -Columbus.
♦5499
Beggar's arts-London 1293
Denied offenders-Old England. 2860
Eocentri "y of s. -Napoleon I. 3578
CONSENl— CONTEMPT.
Enraged by s.-Fred. William. 8389
Female s.-Lucy Hutchinson. 6105
" " -Joan of Arc. 8104
Power of s. -Pardon. 4001
Prayerful s.-Wife of Martyr T. 679
Suffering in s.-Dr. Mott. 5417
^ lousformsof H. forW. Soott. 92
<'ONSPIHACY.
Alarming c.-KcIgn of Wra. I. ^1135
Infamous o. -Royalists, A. D.1776^1130
Pt)lltinal c. Reign of Chas. 11. ♦1137
Unpopular c. -Catiline's. ♦11;J8
Unproven c.-Slr \V. Raleigh. ♦IISO
of Vice-Catiline's. ♦I 140
Mlscell:ine"U8 cross-references,
of Ambition-Triumviri.
" Assasiius-Hrltlflh Cabinet.
-Irish Catholics.
" " -Caesar's.
" " -Lincoln's.
" " -Napoleon-Thirty.
192
363
367
371
373
C99
Dangerous o. against C'luiubu8.3758
Dbfeated by a woman-Fulvia. 6097
Detected-.' ;attllne's. 1554
of Dlscontent-G. Washington. 2.308
Disclosure of c. refused. 3234
" " "-Japan. 3640
Escape from c. by flIght-M. 1023
Failure of c.-Mallet. 2195
Self-deception in c.-Otesar's. 1478
Successful c.-Pelopidas. 4477
" -Sicilian Vespers. 1340
Suspicion of a 0., Needless. 165
Warning of c, Ineffective. 5948
CONSPIRATORS.
Ingrate c. -Cicsar's. *1H\
CONSTITUENTS.
Miscellaneous cross-reference.
Honesty toward c. -Bribe. 1807
See VOTERS.
Bribe for v. disguised. 662
Bribed-£5000 for one-Ireland. 663
" by public money-N. 667
Church-members, the only v. 881
Coerced-Englisli v. 662
Dlsfranchised-Cathoiics in Md. 732
•See ELECTION in loc.
CONSTRUCTION.
vs. Destruction-Cromwell's. ♦IHS
CONTEMPT.
Expressed-Tlmour's. ♦1143
for Pretension-Pirates. ♦1144
" " -Alaric. ^1145
Protected by c.-Maxlmus. ♦1146
Religious c. -Puritans. ♦1147
MIscelliHieous cross-references.
of Anger-Unmerited c. -J. Hogg.8150
for Bribers-Isaac Newton. 660
Cured by adver8lty-Braddock'sd.97
Expressed for George II. 9
Familiarity breeds c.-J. Hogg. 2061
Foolish o.-Pope-Luther. 1.').35
Folly breeds c. -Fanatics. 3.')28
of Oenlus-Fuiton's c. S306
Mistaken c. of Cajetan for L. 257
Public c. expressed. 4077
Social c. Imperilled by. 3540
See CONTUMACY.
False charge of c.-Bp. Cranmer.3065
See DERISION.
Public d. at theatre- Walker.
Conquered by perseverance.
See DETESTATION.
Courage under d. -Cromwell's-
Public d. of Eutroplus.
See INSULT,
more than Injury- Arabs,
to Jealousy-Flogging.
Last I. a Knight's.
Political 1. to William Pitt.
Rebellion from I. -Persians.
Remembrance of 1. -Cyrus.
Stinging I. -Col. Tarleton.
Unconscious 1. -James II.
AbU!-ivc I. -Ambassadors.
Added to injury Barbarians.
of Arroganco-Attila- Romans,
if t. *( II
Fancied I. -Xerxes.
Humiliation for I. -Pope.
Oversensitive to i.-Tyrant.
Resented by Bismarck.
Stinging '.-Woman's.
Unresented-Fear-AIexius.
See INSULTS.
Argument by i.-Johnson.
with Misfortune-James II.
♦15,39
4164
♦1563
•15ftl
♦289C
♦8897
♦2898
♦8899
♦2900
♦8901
♦8908
♦2903
4444
250
321
328
320
S49
2527
3359
3489
757
♦3904
♦39C5
Authorized for cowards. 1280
Cruelty provoked by l.-Ind's. 8074
Public I. -Cromwell to Parliam't. 410
Reparation for 1., cheap. 28C8
Women's 1. to cowards. 6188
See MOCKERY.
of Agony of martyrs. 1358
" Extortioner-Ruflnius. 427
" Religion-Emperor Michael. 4723
Taunt of Women-Influence of. 8604
See RIDICULE.
Changed by merlt-Purltans. ^4890
Conquered by Napoleon I. ^4891
Cures cowardice-Arab. ^4893
Defended by r.-Ca3sar. ^4892
of Greatness-Julian's. ^4894
Public r. of Irish agents. ^4895
Punished-Religlon. ^4896
Reformation by r.-Laws. *48!)7
Revolution by r. -Wales. ♦4898
Unconscious of r.-George III. ^4899
Unfeit-Dlogenes. ♦4900
Warning In r.-W Itefleld. ^4901
Butt of r.-D'Argens. 2237
-Goldsmith. 2601
cf Dignity-King upset. 1586
" Enemy-'i'igranes. 8829
Exposure to r.-Coiumhus. 2587
Fear of poets' r.-Burns. 4816
" " r. -Clergy. 4416
Failure of r. -Burke. 49
of Humiliation-Painful r. 3719
Improvement under r.-Plato. 1314
better than Indignation. 5773
Ineffective r.-Eng. Methodists. 4650
Mutual-Fred. II. and Voltaire. 3
OfRce of r.-Shame-Error. 3246
Opposed by r.-Demosthenes. 8021
of Poverty-Scots-Johnson. 4352
" Reform-Calendar changed. 690
CONTENTION— CONVERSATION.
HION.
-Walker. •1539
veranoe. 4154
ATION
rorawell'8. *1563
U8.
♦15ftl
JLT.
rabs.
♦889C
IK.
*S8»7
*2808
m Pitt.
•tfS99
urslaoB.
*2000
Cyrus.
*2901
eton.
♦8902
68 11.
*29ft3
(lora.
4444
•barlans. 250
IJomans. 321
"
322
320
ope.
S49
'yrant.
8527
!k.
3359
3489
exiua.
757
/rs.
son.
♦3904
les ir.
♦3905
rds.
1280
i.-Ind'8
. 8074
) Parllam't. 410
ap.
2808
ds.
6128
CRY.
1358
lus.
427
Mlchae
. 4723
luence of. 2504
rLE.
rltans.
♦4890
on I.
♦4891
b.
♦4893
♦4892
♦4894
ts.
♦4895
♦4896
ws.
♦4897
)8.
♦4898
)rge in.
♦4899
♦4900
Bid.
♦4901
8237
8601
1586
3829
>U8.
2587
S.
4816
4416
49
r.
3719
-Plato.
1314
a.
6773
hodists
4656
''oltalre.
3
nr.
3246
heuea.
2021
son.
4358
anged.
690
Iteform by r.-1'eter the Great. 1184
of Kellgluu of CatboUoH. 4748
" Sauutlmony Id udvertUeinents.96
TJnespeuted r.-B.'8 dagKer 8oeue.49
8664
2830
678
2902
Victim of r.-Qoldsmlth.
Weapon aKaluat Intldellty.
Sue SNKKR.
Sarcfistlo 8. at iJemosthenes.
Suuer for 8. -Colonel Tarloton.
CONTENTION.
MlHcelliineuus ^roau-rufcrencca
Benefit of c.-LycurKUS.
Excltinir political c.-En({land.
CONTENTMENT.
In GardenlnK-Dloclotlan. ♦1148
under Ilardsbips-JohnWesley .♦ 1 149
Inferior o. -Samuel Johnson. *1150
with Povcrty-Dlogenes. ♦IISI
Price of c.-Napoleon I. ♦1158
2582
4242
MlacellaiitMjus oruar-rcfereiicea.
Possession of 7 acres- Uomaus. 158
Postponed-" What then?" 1071
with Poverty-Abdolonymus. 5635
without Uiches-Phoclou. 4888
See lIAl'l'INESS in loc.
CONTEST.
Unequal c. -Greeks vs. Rus'ns. ♦IISS
Mlacellancoua croasrefercncea.
Ignoble c.-War of Roses. 5227
Shameful o. la drinklng-AIex. 8918
Trifles cause c. -Revolution. 506
Unequal -CivHlzation-Barb'rl8m.901
" naval c.-Greeks and P. 6110
" c.-Fred. ll.-Vlctorles. 5808
" "-EnR.-U. S. Coloules. 5984
" " " " " " 5946
See ANTAGONISM.
Natural a.-Protestant and C. I. 243
in Personal character-M.Luther.761
-Q. Eli2;. 763
Unnatural a.-Father and Son. 1064
Sec CO.MHAT.
Pleasure in c -Koraan shows. ^974
Amusement by brutal c.-Old E. 818
" " " " -Rom. 219
Farcical c.-Welllngton.
Trial by c.-Gauls.
" " " -Romans.
See (JONFLICT.
Bootless c.-Bunkor Hill.
Land of c.-Kentucky.
Rule of c.-Wm. of Orange.
Self-sustaining c.-Spolls.
Unnatural c.-Wm. I. the N.
Unprepared for 0. -Greeks.
1750
3054
5703
♦1060
♦1061
♦1062
♦1063
♦10C4
♦1065
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Inglorious c.-Commodus. 5883
Sentimental c. -Earth and sea. 970
Sham o.-Battle of Brenneville. 461
Spiritual vs. Animal-Man. 4690
Unequal o.-Pizarro-Assassins. 1068
" personal c. 4838
See DISSENSION.
Religious d. in Reformation. 146
See DUEL.
Combat by d.-Alexander. ^1746
Murder hy d.-Alex. Hamilton. ♦1747
Nrtviil d.-Paul Jones,
i'roposed by monarchs.
Itellgious d. -Wellington's.
♦1748
♦1749
♦1750
Challenge to fight a d.un'ao'pt'd.75i
Combat by d.-Ueneruls.
Trial by combat-ciauls.
War ended by d.-Tliebuns.
See DC ELS.
Inequality in d.-J. Qulncy,
Sec FIOUTlNU.
in Death-Persians.
Desperate f.-Thrto out of 600. ♦2130
and Praying-Admiral Blake. *8i;il
1543
3054
3884
♦1751
♦2129
Boys f. at school-I. Newton. li'J
Ineffective f. at "Island No.lO." 483
See LITIUATION.
Period of l.-15th century. ♦3321
for Principle, not for money. 3139
See STRIKE.
Choice in s.-Louls XIV. *5:m
Conjugal 8.-Reconclllation. ♦53U1
Family s.-Aboralnable. ♦.')362
Premature s.-Blshop Burnet. ♦SSoa
Responsibility for s. -James II. ♦5364
Love of s.-Engllsh ancestors. 5878
Music in s. -Charles XII. 3752
Provoking s. by young knights. 191
Needless s. -Battle of N. ()rlean8.487
Reign of s.-Eiiglish barons. 2450
See CONTROVERSY and WAR
I'n too,
CONTINGENCIES.
Combination of c.-C. of N. O.
of Success-Columbus.
See CHANCE in loc.
CON TK ACT.
(Jross-reference.
Corrupt c. rejected-Newton.
CONTKACT.S.
Suspension of c.-.M. Cajlius.
See liARUAIIf.
Foolish b.-Tiuliaiis.
♦1154
♦1155
660
♦1150
♦457
Aversion to making a b.-J. Watt. 689
Confirmed by iilms. 4300
by Di-stn^ss of owners-M. C. 683
Satisfactory b. -Trinkets. 5771
See TREATY,
an Observed t. Wm. P. and I. ^5700
Obscurity desired in t.-Nap 3850
CONTRADICTION.
Pronencss to c.-S. Johnson. ♦1157
CONTRAST.
Miscellarieoiia crosj-referencea.
Affinity by c.-Anne-Churchill. 2228
-Burnet-Halifax. 2231
" " _wm. P. of O.
Greatness by c. -Charlemagne.
CCNTRIBCTION.
Unconscious o.-Slcgc of Aero.
CONTRIBUTIONS.
Mlacellaneons cniss-referencea.
for Education-Peck of corn. 1773
-Yale College. 1783
-Harvard. 1791
of Regard-Caesar's funeral. 2251
See BENEVOLENCE in toe.
2234
2478
♦1158
CONTROVERSY.
.\bu8ive f. -Luther.
Afraid of c.-Ueorgi! Fox.
Angry o. Samuel .lohnson.
Hitteriiess In c.-Lullier.
Christian (!. -Luther.
Dread of c. -Isaac Niiwton.
Personal e.-MUtou vs. Morus.
Prevented Maryland.
Ridiculous c.-Mlllou.
Spirit of c. -Constantinople.
797
♦1159
♦1160
♦1161
♦1162
♦1163
♦1104
♦1165
♦1166
♦1167
♦1168
Mlacellam-ous cross- references.
.\busive-Mllton vs. Salmasius. 23
Advantage to truth. 3931
Drc.Ki of ('.Newton. 3618
Prohibited religious c.-J. II. 4.'J63
Reflection corrects c. 4643
Iteprossed hy Government. 573
on the Scaffold-Religious. 2093
Tnequal-Dryden vs, Stilllngfleet. 7
See AR(aTMENT.
I'o.ssible-Steall'ig defendod-J. *298
Reserved a.- Violence- Johnson. ♦299
Useless-James II. to clergy. ^300
Abandoned for resentment,
by Abuse -Samuel Johnson.
lJeeei)tivo a. -Sophists.
Declined by obstinacy-Juror.
Possible against art.
Powerless with bigots.
Readiness in a. -Sophists.
Trained in use of a.-Roraans.
Useless -Johnson.
" with James II.
See DEBATE.
Personality in d.~S. Johnson.
8610
2!M)4
22H3
3019
3793
8721
5733
18.57
3825
38.'-)3
♦14.57
D(«orum in d. -Indians. 1483
Defeat in d. concealed. 1490
Suppressed by Cromwell-Parl. 417
See C0XT1';N lioN i)i luc.
CONTI'.IIACY.
Ci'uss-! etVreiict.'.
False charge of c Hp. Cranmer..')flC5
CONVENTS.
Refuge in e.-Keiir of vice. *116S
Cross-reference.
Nun by coercion Matilda.
CONVERSATION.
Care in c.-Catn.
Corrupting c.-Miiiry Stuart,
(iifts for c. -Samuel Johnson.
Limit of c.-"Bendleather."
vs. Talk-Samuel Johnson.
5862
♦nro
*nri
♦1172
♦1173
♦117-i
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Charity in c.-Cato. 1170
in Eating-Spartans. 2182
desired. 3600
Evaded by cougliing. 3719
Inability in c. deplored. 5965
Inaccuracy with words in c. 703
Indecent c. resented-Newton. 1472
Perilous to youth Henry VI. 1620
Privacy of c.-Lacedasmonians. 4471
Reserve in c. characteristic. 4806
Unequal to S. Johnson's c. 2532
li
798
CONVEKSION-COUHUPTION.
!' ) !
li I "
C'ONVBRSIOtV.
Clear o. of John Bunyuii.
bumaiided of Peruvliiiig-P.
Iiitelleotual c.-ConHtuutliie.
I'uculiar 0. of Martin Luilior
Uomarkablo o. of H. D. (J()UKh.*n79
' J. Bunyan. *11(S0
Adam Clark.*1181
Ke.siilts of c. of Constautiuo. ♦UHa
auddon c. -Methodists. ♦1188
♦117S
♦1176
♦1177
♦1178
Miscellaneous crosarufurenoes.
Anxiety for o. of Indians. 6909
ChanKe by e. -Benjamin Abbott.llOO
CliaMKes enemy to friend. 204(1
Conduct olianged by o. 1109
by Cruelty-Spanish priests. 2801
Kvldenced-" Strangely warm. "1128
Ignored in Churoh-mombership. 878
by MarriaKe-l'iteahontas. 4743
Means of c.-.\. Lincoln. 5708
" '■ " Humble-Tract. 565d
Necessary to the State. 1807
Proof of c.-lndlan. 351.S
Published by newsmonger. 2400
Sudden c. of brigands -Joan. 1559
from Vice-Ministry. 2.351
\Voina.:"8 work ill 0. 0094
COr« VERSIONS.
Slow C. of Mahomet. ♦1184
by Sword of CharleraaRne. ♦IISS
CO. WERT.
Uenegade c.-Lord Sunderland. ♦1166
MlscelhineouN cross-rcfereiicea.
Vicious c.-l)ryden a Catholic. .3344
Zealous Moiiammedan c. 1)84
CONVERTS.
Miscelluiicous cross-references.
by Cruelty-IIuKuenots. 4119
Executed- In(!as by Spaniards. 1175
False 0. by compromise. 3023
Saved by murdcrinR-Irlsh. i;j36
Seeking c. a duty. liifXi
Spurious c. -Worldly. 4.5;}
Tested by persecution. 4134
Unholy zeal fore. -Baptized or d. 199
See CHRISTIANS anil RELIGION
in Inc.
CONVICTION.
Popular 0. -Joan of Arc. ♦IIS?
Prayer for c-George MUlIer. ♦IISS
of Sin-John Nelson. ♦1189
of Sln-Distres*ing c.-Bunyan.
CONVICTIONS.
Maintained-Mass. Colony.
Realistic c.-John Biinyan.
Strong 0. of John Bunyan.
" " -Clear conversion.
5166
♦1190
♦1191
♦1192
♦1193
Miscellaneous cross-rcforenccs.
Honesty in c. -William Penn.
Painful c. of conscience.
Power of religious c. -Puritans
Realistic religious c.-Bunyan.
See CONSCIENCE in loc.
COOK.
Cross-reference.
Vexations of Antony's c.
2603
1180
1181
5249
1180
266
CO-OPERATION.
Impossible against religion. ^1194
in Manufactures-nth century. ♦1195
Mlseellaneoub cro?<s-refer«nccs.
Discoverers- Accumulative,
vs. Independence-Labor.
Liberty bv e.-Magna Charta.
Mutual-Pomp'y's s. and Ciesar"
Pretended e. -Treachery.
Progress by c. -Inventions.
See ALLIANCE.
Demanded by Fr.mee-U. S.
Just a. -American Indians,
of Self-lnterest-Komaiis.
1681
3107
3307
S.177
1752
2981
♦170
♦171
♦178
Deceptive a. with Fred, the G. £08
See ALLIES.
Invisible a. -Mahomet's angels, ♦ns
Rejected by Am. Congress. ^170
Abandoned by a. In Bdrerslty.
Neglected by Thebans.
Personal a. by fear.
L'nion with a. Inseparable.
See ALLY.
Supernatural a. -Theseus.
95
405
1.543
3835
♦254
Incorruptible Indian a. 4361
Pretended a.-Kngllsh. 17.53
Unaided a.-Pyrrhus. 4195
Valuable a.-Amr. 8507
See HELP.
Fictitious h.-Jullan the apost. ^3549
in Adversity. 5180
Delayed till needless. 4083
Divine h. needed-Lincoln. 4380
from God, the best-Joan. 15.59
Necessary-Briton's appeal. 2010
Withheld makes manhood. 1560
See HELPERS.
Dependence on h -Auxiliaries. *3550
MLscellancotis cross-references.
Acknowledged by I. Newton. 1031
Repelled by insincerity. 3041
Sustained by Lincoln. 53
Valuable-Aids of Napoleoij. 38*1
CORONATION.
Ceremony of c.-Kings of Fr'ks.*l 196
a Personal act-Napoleon. ♦1197
2187
4630
Cross-reference.
Festival of c. of Edward I.
See CROWN in loc.
CORPSES.
<'ros8-reference.
Exposure of c. Horrifying.
See BURIAL m toe.
CORPCIiENCE.
DistlnRuished for c.-Louis VI *1I98
Inactive-Cbarles the Fat. ^1199
CORRESPONDENT.
Burdensome c.-C.'s son-in-law. *1200
See LETTER.
Deooy l.-Am. Revolution. ♦Sigs
from Heaven-Pope's letter. ♦3190
Annoying l.-Warning-Alex. 1048
Interrupted-Bombshell. 1840
Mystery to American Indians. 5458
CORRUPTION.
Audacious c. (if Catiline.
Deided moral c. -Pelagians.
Ecclesiastical c. -Papal throne,
" " Tolerable-P.
Governmental c.-Eutroplus.
"-Eng.A.D.lOlO.
" " -by Ministry.
Judicial c.-Romans.
OBleial o.-Roman.
" " -R. Senator Vei res
Political o.-Ca'sarand Pompey
"-Eng.-Whigund T.
Shamefu! o -Francis Bacon,
of Statesmen- Eng. A. II. 1695.
I'nabashed-Lord Sunderland.
Universal c -Reign of James I
Unrestralnablo by law- Eng.
♦1201
♦1803
♦1203
♦1804
♦1205
♦1200
♦1207
♦1208
♦1209
♦1210
•1211
♦1812
♦1313
♦1214
♦1215
♦1210
♦1317
Mlsci'llancous crossrefercnces.
by Art-Romans. 827
of " -Reign of Nero. 327
by Associate-Queen Mary. 1171
" Assoclatlon-Catlline. 0193
" Avarice-Clergy- 15th century. 436
" -Ruflnlus. 427
" " -Romans. 438
Church c. by prosperity. 858
Clerical c. -Bishop Theodosius. 598
Dofeated-"OraclePhlIlppized."3945
Destroys the State-Arabs. 3783
'• -England. 8784
Elections for Parliament. 1852
Governmental e.- Kidnapping. 2403
" -English Pari. 3461
" -Sale of office. 888<'.
" -Piracy. 4180
Irresistible c. of the age. 660
In Legislation-Parliament. 3187
Legislative-" Credit Moblller." 3996
of Manners destroyed-Rome. 3709
" Navy-Reign of Charles II. 5123
Overlooked-Promotton. 1610
In Politics-Romans. 4243
" -English. 4244
4845
Reformation of religion by c. 4655
Religious o. of Charles II. 4688
of Religion by money. 4707
Social c. of Romans-Chastity. 787
Stimulated by poor pay. 609
Universal c. of Grecian society. 910
Wealth by c.-Clarendon. 6903
Worse than crime-Censors. 747
Sec HRIBE.
Rejected by Nap. -$800,000. 2357
" patriot-Reed. 4075
See BRIBERY.
Condemned by I.saao Newton, ♦eoo
In Court-Eng.-for a hearing. ♦001
Disguised by purchase- Eng. ^003
Legislative b.-$5000 for a vote. ♦003
" " -Commons. ♦00-1
" -Scotch P. ^005
" -Necessary-Eng. ♦eeo
" -Duke of N. ♦ee?
Needy princes-German electors^668
Occasion for b.-Small pay. ♦669
Papal b.-Alexander VI. ♦670
Perilous b.-Athenlans. *67\
Rejected by Samuel Adams. ♦676
now.
Hue. *i2tn
Blans. ♦laoa
111 throne. *iuua
ral)Ie-p. »ijo4
ropius. ♦laon
A. 1)1010. ♦lax)
Ilnlstry. "laor
♦iy08
*I800
Vctros. *1SI0
I'onipey*iaii
ffaiid T. *12J3
Uuc'on. *iai3
1095. •1814
Jerland. 'lajs
James I.*i2ie
Enjf. ♦1217
COSMOS— COL'UAGE.
lyi
ruftTcnccB.
827
327
1171
»• 6193
» century. 428
427
428
858
598
"3915
3783
8784
1852
8403
2461
8880
418(>
660
3187
2996
3709
5122
1610
4243
4244
4245
4665
4688
4707
787
60!)
oclety. 91 n
5908
rs. 747
ary.
y-
idosliis.
ppized.'
bs.
:Iand.
nt.
»Pplng.
sh Pari.
>f office.
int.
•blller."
iome.
B8II.
bye.
r.
stlty.
8a57
4075
I'ton. ♦eoo
»(?• *061
ff- *coa
?ote. 'ocs
♦00-1
♦605
;n(f. ♦666
♦6€7
3tors*668
*66»
♦670
♦671
I- *676
Ueproaoh of b.-UemoHthenea. ♦072
Resented-Stephen A. Douglas. ♦673
Royal b.-Charles 11. ♦674
Soemlni; b.-KusMell. ♦675
Blot of b.-Francls Bacon. 1213, 1216
Brand of b.-" Uunklrk nou(ie."5U«3
Competition In b.-lrlsh P'rlla'nt.663
" " -Throe kln(C8. 068
Condemned for b.-Domos'nes. 1477
of Death Beaufort. 1408
DlHKiilHed-Bonus-I. Newton. 660
Failure of b.-Andrfi. 1043
Fear of b. by Mahomet IF. 202
Habitual b. of Verres. 1210
of Jud(?e8-(;atilliie. 2201
" " -I'ubllo-Honians. 1208
Onidlal-Sunderlaud-Seerctary. 2266
of Ofllcials by Uoths. 1209
Proof a^ainiit b.-Porapey. 2606
Unirersal b.-ICnifland. 1212
Unsucoensful-Andrew Marvell. 1207
Wealth by b.-SunUerland. 1215
Sec DEl-UAVITY.
by Desnont -Nero. ♦15.32
Evidence of d.-H. Johnson. ♦ISSO
Afce of excessive d. -Romans
" " d.-Introductlon of C.
Destructive d. of Nero.
with Intellectual power.
Inclination of d.-Eatin*;.
Locality of d. concentrated.
124
124
329
1609
4203
1293
1299
IV. 2006
Parental d. confessed-Chas
Sue DISHONESTY.
General d. -Reign of James 11. ♦lOSD
See FKAUD.
aiRantlc f.-S. Sea scheme. ^2214
Governmental f.-Charles II. ♦2S:5
Suspicions of f.-Flrst cable. ♦2210
In Trade-" Honest Leather." ^2217
Alarmlnii: f.-Forgery.
" Departed spirit."
Exposed-Antony's.
Fisliermen's f -Antony,
liivhif; by f. -Beggars.
Religious f.-lmiiges.
" " -Weeping virgin.
" " -Oi't'cian oracle.
" " -Holy Lance.
•' -Relics.
Cross-reference.
Honest o. punished.
1542
2;i'>3
2149
2149
5703
12H2
3020
3946
4t)0~
4608
" " " 4609
4070
" 4071
4672
4073
4674
4675
4076
Spiritualistic f.-" Knock." ,3555
See VICE in loc.
cosmos.
Philosophy of the c.-D"scart's.^iai8
COUNSEL.
of the Dying-Louis XIV. ♦ISig
Inciportune c. -Deputies of N.^1220
Safety in o.-Leaders In battle. ♦1221
See ADVICE.
Diadalned-Hraddock's defeat. ♦O?
Ignored Clarendon's, by J. II. ^98
Ill-timed a. to Lincoln. ^90
Legacy of a. -by Augustus to R. ♦lOO
Sec WAKNINO.
of Danger- RIoharil I. ♦SM?
Ineffective w.-Cnjsar. ^5948
Accepted, Girl's, by Lincoln.
Admonition disregarded.
Disregarded by Nero's mother.
Disdained, A woman h.
Kffeotive w. to otliiials.
Felon's w.-Manufuclurers.
l)y fnterfcrenoe of novice.
Neglected w.-Dlversion-Cajsar
Tlmely-Washington-Woman.
Unexpected w. -Scripture.
Unmoved by w. -Alexander.
COUNSELS.
<!rurt.s-reftTenci'S.
Rashly dlscarded-Cbarles XII.
Wise c. of wife -Tlieodora.
COUNSELLOR.
Evilc.-Rob't FeruUHon "e. a.''*1222
COUNSELLORS.
Dangerous c. of James II. ♦1223
Whimsical c.-" Wise woman."^1224
0102
50
lUO
6110
3030
512
354U
1089
4079
4901
10-18
l'J39
5990
2609
CroHH- reference.
Obstructive c. -Scots.
COUNTENANCE.
Mlacelliiueous cr(is.-*-rL'ference9.
Disfigured by scrofula.
Distorted by the flute.
Unexpressive-Ain. Indians.
COUNTERFEIT.
Preserved by ii c. -"Sacred b""
Relics-Manufactured by an A."
Signature-Consul Antony.
975
2017
3755
1870
1225
1226
12iJ7
Cross-re'erence.
Imposed upon (if)ldsmitti. 2601
COUNTRY.
Contemptible c -Scot Iaiid-S.J.^1228
Deserted c.-Approatli ofe. ♦l-'29
Preservation of oiie's.c.-S.'s 1. ♦wao
Miscellaneous iross-references.
Advantage of c.in early llfe-A.
Common c. -Rome-Mixed e.
Farewell to c. -Napoleon.
Forsaken for wine-Gauls.
Home In c. beautified Scott's.
Love of native c. -William II.
Saviour of c.-Self-styled-C.
Service to own c.-Ep'min'ndas.
See AMERICA.
for Americans-"MonroeDoct."
Future of Am.-L.'s prediction.
Mission of Am. -John Adams.
Prophecy of Am.-Stormont.
Transformation in A.-"F.of Y."
Obnoxious foreigners in a.
Rescued from Philip II.
See AMERICANS.
Despised by Samuel Johnson.
Hated by Samuel Johnson.
Various ancestry of A.
See PATRIOTISM in loc.
3785
2096
6010
2592
8762
28-3
2346
'♦209
♦210
♦211
♦212
'♦213
167
902
♦214
♦815
771
COUNTRVnBN.
Abused-Reign of ciiarles II.
COIIHAVE.
in Battle MarciuH.
Christian c.-Ta>ior the m.
"-J. Wesley at S.
of Despalr-R. Gladiator's r.
or Disgrace Fred, tlie (Jreat.
Intrepid c. Edward P. of W.
Loss of 0. by one man.
of Madness- Charles XII.
Masterly c. of ('has. XII. -Cool,
Moral c. of M Luther-Worms.
" " "Itev. S. Johnson.
" " -Mlnlsterial-G.O.
" " -Execution of W. R.
" " of Bert, de Giirdum.
Noble c. Execution of R.
Opporiunity fore. -Fred. theG.
only I'bysical c.-Duki^ of M.
Recovered-Hishop Cranmer.
Religious c. Eiig. Puritans.
Safety in c. -Ottoman Hajaxet.
rnfaltering c.-Pelopldas.
Un.shaken Lieut. L. -Tripoli.
99
♦i';?3i
♦1232
♦12:13
♦I'JJM
♦12;i5
♦12;)0
♦I2.S7
♦12:i8
*12.!"
♦1210
♦r.Ml
♦1212
♦1243
♦1244
♦1'2I5
♦1210
♦1247
♦1248
♦1219
♦1250
♦1251
♦I2.')2
*12,')3
MbccIIutu'ous croas-rtTeriMicoR.
Admirable c.-BellJ-nrlus. 4.501
Adversities met with c. by W. 8. 94
In Adversity-Scott a bankrupt. 92
Christian c. -Martyrs. 350:1
" J. Knox. 3504
" " -Thomas Becket. a'fl5
Considerate c. -General Nash. 1008
Consolation in c. -Wounds in f. 6173
of Despair-Persians. 1.543
under Detestation-Cromwell. 1.563
facing Execution-Hale. 1430
-Montrose. 1448
" " -Socrates. 1451
Female c. -Theodora. 0057
with (Jentleuess-BI'k Prince. 1200
Heart Inspires c. Colonna. 2537
Heroic c. -General Wolfe. 14,52
Honored-Woman's c.-Rupert. 6043
by Alex -Female. 0090
Impressive c -Dutch. 4048
Intimidated by siege-towers. 826
Language of c.-Pelopldas. 2113
Manly c. of Spartans. 3401
Martyr's c. -Bishop Latimer. 6147
Moral c. -Cromwell-Parliament. 416
" " of Martin Luther. ,505
" " " President Jackson. 749
" " lacking-Marlborough.4440
" " of John Adams. 3861
" " " J. Q. Adams. 20^0
" " " Martin Luther. 4033
" " " Regulus. 5081
Henry Vane. ;«79
Mutiny met with c.-Ca-sar. 37.56
in Old Age-Bisbop Lati-ner. 1233
Patriotic c.-John Hampden. 4038
*' " -Cont. Congress. 2783
Persevering c. In battle. 2227
Protest of c -Soldier's. 1556
by Religion-Martyrs. 4694
" " -Puritans. 4701
Reputation for c. by conflict. 191
Reward of c. sure Nelson. 4830
Tested-Alexander's. 2148
80U
COURT—COURTESY.
Time for 0.-" win his »pur»." 1500
Verbal o.-Bold words-Tlmoroua.fil?
Kce lloLDNK.Sti.
Verbal b.-aoldsralth'a. *( '7
Christian b.-Tclemachus.
for KlKbts.-Capt. Wadsworth.
" the Truth. -John Howard.
Unequalled b.-Cromwell.
See BRAVEKY.
tn Battle-Persians.
" " -Crusaders.
Brilliant b.-Paul Jones,
in Death.-Col. F. McCuUough.
Example of b.-Napoleon.
Bxploit of b.-Napoleon.
Fearless b.-Wllllam II.
"-Colonel Moultrie.
Uerolc b.-Uobf-rt Doveroux.
" "-Richard CJreuvllle.
Pre-eminence by b.-Joan of A.
Query of b.-Lacedwmonlans.
Hewarded-Paradlse-Moh'dan.
Youthful b.-Covenanter.
83S
41)07
57ai
4874
*(m
•0»4
♦(H5
•046
♦047
♦048
♦049
♦O.'iO
♦051
♦058
♦053
♦0.54
♦055
♦056
3829
901
3410
1490
74
1922
Example-" Kings never drown"1390
In Facing denth-Strafford. 1407
Famous for-Klchard the Lion. 8770
Honored-" Little I'orporal." 4508
" -Colonel Mulligan.
Impressive b.-Lc Fort.
Patriotic b.-Am. Revolution.
Qualified for Immortality.
Sailor's b.-Farragut-Maln-top
Soldier's b.-Lleut. Cushlng-A.
" -Blind John of Bohemla.S97
" -Thebans-Sacred band. 465
Stlmulated-no Escape. 1274
Woman's b. -Mont fort. 6042
" " -Purefoy. 6043
See CHAMPION.
In Battle- William of Norm'ndy.5905
for Free Institutions- Wm. of 0. 3683
" Knights-God and the ladles.1121
Answer of b.-Tlgranes.
of Barbaric warriors.
In Battle.-Wm. Prince of O.
Decision of b.-Plzarro.
in Defending life.
Enterprise of b.-Nap's return.
Escape by b.-Normans.
816
5091
4059
1416
486
73
of Plety-Ollver Cromwell.
Prowess of Bellsarlus.
for RellgIon.^ohn Milton.
" " -Irreligious c.
Representative c.-.\lexander.
for the Truth-John Howard.
" " Weak-Byron a c.
See FEARLESSNESS
Astounding f. of Romans.
Boyish f. of Benedict Arnold.
8921
4561
4686
4aS7
1740
5721
2242
♦2121
♦2122
OfHclal f . of President Jackson. 749
See FORTITUDE.
Esteem for f.-Muciua. ♦2204
Puritanic f .-Hugh Peters. ♦2205
Amputation of own arm. 1250
Applauded-Indlan gauntlet. 2667
Contest In f.- Am. Indians. 2074
In Death-Execution Rumbold. 1246
BnoouraKement to f.-Mexlcans. 714
In Flamei-Blshop Cranmer. 12.'i3
Invalids f.-Wm. Prince of O. 1897
Noble f. indeatb-Muley Moluo.2501
In Old Age-Puritan. 1230
by Philosophy- DlonysluH. 4100
tn Tortures-American Indians. 1420
Training In f. -Spartans. 1817
Unexpected f.-Bp. Cranmor. 1249
of Womon-Sootch martyrs. 4142
See HERO.
Patriotic h. -William Wallace. ♦2500
Unsurpassed b.-Muley Moluo. ^2501
Admired-Boligarius. 1080
Christian h. -Thomas Lee. 1571
Contempt for cowardice. 1251
Daring of h. -Sergeant Jasper. 2151
Delfied-Claudius Britannlcus. 2700
Described-Charles XII. 1970
Encouraged-Martln Luther. 1879
Terrlfyhig h.-Rlohard the Llon.8770
See HEROES.
Dead h.-SoIyman Invoked,
for Freedom-L'Ouverture.
See HEROISM.
Admirable h. -Lafayette.
" " -Prince Conde.
Patriotic h.-Chevaller Bayard
Persistent h. -Mohammedan.
In Suffering-Lord Nelson.
Tarnlshed-Benedlct Arnold.
Unfaltering h.-Jas. Lawrence,
♦2502
♦2503
♦2504
♦2505
♦2,'J0G
♦2507
♦2508
♦2509
♦2570
Brave h. of Devereux. 651
Grenvllle. 652
Christian h. -Jesuit mlssrnaries.3.')()8
Invalid's h.-Wllllam P. of 0. 2529
Missionary h. -Jesuits. 30.30
" -M. B. Cox. 3043
vs. Nobility-Nelson. 5915
Patriotic h. -Citizen. 4008
" " -Pomponlus. 4009
of Soldier's h.-PhlUp. 5945
Unappreciated by Continental C.170
See MANLINESS.
in Abstinence-Alexander. 5095
Admiration of m.-Pompey. 3819
" " " -Louis IX. 3821
" for " -Pomponlus. 4009
by Adversity-Humphry Davy. 80
Christian m.-Guatavus XII. 4174
Destitute of m.-Clcero. 4370
" " -"Dick"Talbot0032
Disparaged by persecutors. 4144
Enc()ura),'era»'iit to m. -Latimer. 12.33
Exhiblted-Ministerlal m. 1243
Ideal m. -Indian fortitude. 1425
Lack of m. -Disgraceful. 1272
" " " -Nero. 1418
Ministerial m.-Ilev. fi. Johnson. 1242
In Poverty-S. Johnson. 43.57
of Prlde-S. Johnson. 4349
by Self-reliance-Black Prince. 1500
Stimulated by ridicule. 4892
Wanting m. -Marlborough. 1248
Youthful m.-Prlnce of Wales. 1237
See PROWESS.
Military p. of Belisarlus. ♦4561
See PUGILIST.
Amateur p.-Palmerston. 1811
See VALOR.
Military v.-Derar the Saracen, ^5704
Mutual v.-Ancient Germans. ^5705
Proof of v.-Tlconderoga. ♦5706
Spur to V. -Reputation. ^5707
Wonderful v.-Constantlne. ♦6708
Badge of v.-Wounds.
Banner rescued by v. at Cadiz. 052
Discretion better than v.-C. V. 1037
roiriir.
Infamous o. -Trial »( Clodlus. *Vir>i
Terrible c.- Star chamber. ♦la.'xi
Miscellaneous cross-references
Bloody c.-IIung In scarlet.
Haste of unjust c. -Jeffreys.
Insulted by a woman.
Intemperance in c.
Sec (;orRTS ifi he.
COURTESAN.
Influential c.-As|)ai>la-Athen8.^125tt
3008
5175
629.I
2919
Mlscellancoii!) cross-references
Reformed c. -Theodora.
Tyranny of c.-Mllo the athlete.
Sec AIU'LTEUESS.
Approved by royal husband.
Arts of the a.-Cath. Sedley.
Bondage to a.-James II.
Distinguished a. -Pompadour.
Influential a.-Aspasia.
Patriotic a.-Fulvla.
Respected a.-Aspasia.
by Restralnts-Honorla.
Self-confessed a. -Queen of Sp. 5125
Strange charm of a. -Sedley. 2842
Successful a -Antonlna. 48.')8
Victim of a.-Jamcs II. 0085
See PROSTITUTE.
Distinguished p.-Theodora. ♦45.'!3
5996
5UC0
4490
5054
5054
3247
125G
0097
0082
34.36
Expensive p. -Charles II. 0083
Honored p.-Empress Theodora. 3191
" " -Gocldess of Reason. 4024
Powerofp.-Polltlcal-Loul8XV.C079
" " "-Pompadour. 0080
Rule of p.-Poppft'a. 4373
Sue PRO.STITUTES.
Dress of p. -Luxurious. 401 1
Rule of p.-1'apal chair. * 3980
Wives made p.-(iothlo. 1209
COURTESY.
Denied to Speaker.-.!. K. Polk.*12.')7
Forfeited by Rp. of Wineh"st'r. + 12.')8
Marked c. -Peculiarity of Eng. ♦12.-9
to Unfortunates-Black Prince. *!■,'(«)
Miscellaneous cross-references.
and Cruelty of Black Prince.
Devotion to c.-Knlghts.
Embarrassing c.-Goldsmlth.
Heartles.s-Roman c.
Infidels denied c.
Insensible to claims of c.
Scant c. remembered.
See AFFADILITY.
Falsehood in a. -Charles II.
See POLITENESS.
Burdensome p.-Handsbaking.
770
1121
4335
2043
2831
2044
4083
1678
260a
i^^^'
jggg
C0UIITS-C0VET0U8NESH.
801
8178
0171
Cadiz. 051
-I'. V. 1037
*1S5I
•a'5.->
3008
0175
aaio
. 4490
5054
5054
r. 3347
1858
0007
0083
3436
^f Sp. 5125
jy. 2842
4858
0085
i. ♦4533
4011
3n8(!
laoo
779
1121
4335
2043
2831
2644
4083
Characterlstlu p. of Mahomet. 801
Deatb-bed p. of Charles II. 3422
with Destitution. 2050
DlsaKreeable p.-Cteaar's. 8400
DlHtlnKuUhed for p.-.^inUlu8. 1002
Ignored by politicians. 3864
Intentional p.-Regentof Chlna,1035
Kind p.-SaUor's. 0021
Mark of p.-Gluttony. 2030
Kule of p.-Johnson. 151)2
Trespasa on p.-Crltlolam. 1312
to Women-Hablues. 6110
t'ODRTS.
Inj ustlce of c. PersVtlon of C. ^1201
Packed o.-Rel)?n of James II. *12«2
Scandalous u.-RoIku of C. I. *1203
Mlsci'llunt'DUii cro»8-ref -oncos.
Bribery necessary In c.-13th cent.601
Corrupted by mouBy-Commoda8.4;i8
Ineffective thr(JUKh bribery. -E. 600
Purity of o.-Safety by. 4875
Terrifying c.-JetfroyB-Chlldren. 803
Uncertain action of c. 1003
See ACCUSATION.
by Deceptlon-Maxlmus Fablus. 701
Malicious a.-Wesloy a vagabond. 703
" -Alexander. 1048
a Pretext-Plundering the Jews. 710
" " for violence-R. III. 242
See ACCUSER.
Aooused-Bucoaneer Nutt. 2434
Blemish of a.-James II. 1119
Concealed from accused. 2877
Conscience an a.-Abbott. 1080
See ADVOCATE.
Personal, not proxy. *101
Destitute of a.-Henry Vane.
Gentrous a.-Aristldes.
See ARREST.
Undeserved a. of J. Banyan.
3379
3055
*31S
Defeated-Chas. I. -Commons. 413
Bscape from a. by emigration. 4660
Sudden a. of all Jews in Eng. 710
See FINE.
Nullified by EUot. *2138
Limlted-Magna Charta. 3232
Self-imposed f.-Emp. Julian. 3141
See JUDGE.
Dishonorable j.-R. Wright. *3033
Distempered j. -Jeffreys.
Infamous j.- Jeffreys.
Inhumanity of j. -Jeffreys.
Savage j.- Jeffreys.
Shameful j.-Applus.
See JUDGES.
Despised j. -Athenian.
Impartial j. -Early Greeks.
Justice by j. -Ancient Persians.
Partisan j. -Reign of Jas. 11.
Reputable j.- Athenian.
Abuse of j. -Frederick II.
Appointed for verdict.
Corrupted by bribery.
Obsequious J. -Charles I.
See JURIES.
Coerced by Jeffreys.
2906
6031
2862
3048
3973
♦3034
♦3*35
♦3030
♦30.37
♦3088
3041
1262
1201
1217
1263
♦3048
Determined J. -Trial of 7 Bps. ♦8040
IraprlHonod for verdict. ♦SOOO
Limited "Three days." ♦aosi
Perverted by clergy. ♦SOSa
Unterrifled J. -Trial of Penn. ♦BOSS
Corrupted with money-Eng.
slp jurisprudence.
Origin of J. -Roman.
600
♦3047
Monumental work of Julian.
4
Signs ill Roman j.
3986
See LAWYER.
Ignorant l.-Publius Cotta.
♦3165
Changed by .sermon.
1089
Criminal 1. -Jeffreys.
1994
Impudent 1. -Useful-Jeffreys.
2888
Odium of client given to 1.
3801
Preparatory to political life.
83
.See LAWYERS.
Arts of Roman 1.
♦3100
Hatred of 1. by Germans.
♦3107
Imprisoned for deceit.
♦3168
Patriotic 1. of N. Y., yr. 1705
♦3160
Special I. -Reign of James II.
♦3170
See LITKIATION.
Period of l.-15th century.
♦3321
See PROSECUTION.
Malicious p.-Unsuccessful.
3203
See PENALTY.
Excessive p. -Death.
♦4101
Partisan p.-Devonshlre.
♦4108
iJeath p. for all-French Rev.
5730
Excessive p.-Debt -England.
4351
See. PERJURY.
Punishment of p., Judicial.
♦4112
Punished with death. 6210
Shameful p.-" Dick " Talbot. 6032
See SENTENCE.
Suspended fifteen years. 1139
See SUMMONS.
Exasperating s.-Black Prince. ♦5431
See CRIME, CRIMINAL E.KECU-
TION, JUSTICE iinil LAW
in loc.
COVENANT.
See CONTRACT.
Corrupt 0. rejected-I. Newton. 660
Obscurity desired in o.-Nap. .3850
See ENGAUEMENT.
Heart broken by broken e. 2534
See PLEDGE.
Temperance p.~Pather Math'w^4213
Infamously broken-Proctor.
2817
Sacred p.-Embalnied b.
1462
See PROMISE.
Forced p. of Galileo.
5727
See PRO.MISES.
Broken p.-Queen Mary's.
♦4.504
Deceptive "p. to heretics.
♦4505
Regard for p.-Romans.
♦4506
Refused by candidate-Jefferson. 704
See VOW.
of Gratitude-Lincoln. ♦5860
Sudden v.-Martin Luther. ♦5861
of Gratitude-Lincoln's.
-Unjust V.
5860
5866
Manifested-Beard uncut.
Religious V. Culunibus.
Remembered fifteen years.
Wicked v.-Mahomet's father.
.Sec VOWS,
forced v. -Convent.
Religious V. in sickness.
" " -Columbus.
Unjust V. are null.
400
IHHl
3641
3405
705
♦5882
♦.5883
♦5H05
♦.5806
Religious V. of Jesuits. 8060
COVKTOUSNESS.
Contemptible c. of Hpury III. ♦1201
Punlslied Melted gold down t. ♦12^5
Royalc. Ilonry III. ♦1288
See AVARICE.
Acquired habit S. Johnson. ^425
of Clergy-15th centiiiy. ^426
Contempt for a. of Ruflnus. ^427
Corrupted by a. Romans. ^428
CHminiiLLondon tailors. ^420
Deception of a.-IIenry VIL ^430
Demands of a.-IIenry VII. ^431
Glory in a.-Cato the Censor. ^432
Ofliclal a. -John of Cappadocla. ♦4.33
Punished a. of Crassus. *t;u
Royal a.-Honry VIII. ♦4.35
" "-Wm. the Conqueror. ♦436
" "-George II. ^437
Ruled by a.-Commodus. ♦438
Shameful a. -Courtiers of J. II. ♦4.39
Supremacy of a.-Confederates.*440
Appeal to a. of James I.
" " " successful.
Confiscations to a. -Caligula,
vs. Contempt-Romans.
Craze of a. -Gold-seekers.
Crimes of a. suppressed.
Degraded by a. -Theodora.
Endangers the State-England
Enthusiasm of a.-(jiold-8eekers.2.'J89
Forgotten-Rebuilding temple. 803
Heartless a. -Rome-Famine.
Incapable of a. -Alexander.
Reputation lost by a. -Demos.
Royal a.-Maximin.
Shameful a. -Courtiers of J. II.
of Slavery-Engnsh Prisoners.
Victims of a.-GoId-seekers.
" " "-OfflciaL
War by a.-East India,
with Wealth-Pythlus.
Woman's a. -Court of James II.
■See EXTORTION.
Complete e.-Euuland by L.
Cruel e.-Jew's tooth dally.
" " -Mass. Colony.
Dilemma in e. -Henry VII 1.
of Government-Charles I.
Misnamed-" Benevolence."
Outrageous e.-Romans in B.
Royal e.-Rlchard II.
Submission to e.-M. Crassus,
4478
3880
13.52
5757
2388
3655
1583
1(115
2079
1073
078
1040
607
5183
2390
8103
6879
4881
8011
♦2000
♦2001
*2l)02
♦2003
♦2004
♦2005
♦2006
♦2007
♦2008
of Benevolence-English law.
-Henry VIIL
" " -James I.
Capitalist's e.-Jews.
523
4.30
523
713
i
..L ;
m I
1)09
^^i
il
M '
rhuroh e. of (lueg-Enfcland.
DliKraoefuI e. Joan of Arc.
of GIftii for MaxuntluR.
t'harles I.
by aoverninciit-Kranoe.
of Jailers for debt.
" Murohantg Itouau.
-EiiKland.
" Ofr«rtory Duke of (luUe.
Permit ted-Courtlnra-Jumea II
of PriHonors by Jailers.
UullKloti oppomed by e.
UeveiiKu of uiaHsus on Ruflnus
Uoyul e.-Jamos) I.
of Traders-Rngland.
Universal e.-EnKllxb JudKes.
Unterrlfled by c.-ll. Peter.
«ee MI.HKR.
ChanKed by prayer.
Misery of m. by S. Johnson.
Sic I'AU.SI.MONY.
Costly p. of Jumos II.
17J(I
.STtl
81!»
5068
6U0O
Btf7
(107
44111)
11 IK)
427
SOfiO
1817
SSO.I
4380
•400H
4.'597
1704
♦4016
DejcradInK p. of Federiek II.
lieputatlon for p.. False.
Sec KAl'AOITY.
Royal r. of Henry III.
COWARD.
Deserted-Klnjjr Perseus. *1207
Professions of the c.-(ielimer. *1208
court It DICK.
Appearance of c- Abdullah,
of the Cruel-Nero's death.
Despised-' 'Gen. Whitef eather'
" -" Little klnK."
DIsRrace of o.-Danlel Scott.
Prevented-R.Oulscard bumv-
Punished by Romans-Slavery,
" retribution of h.
Reproved-Marius-Faoe backs.
Shameful c.-Am. Gen. Hull-D.
Unpardonable c.-Anclent Ger.
♦1869
♦1870
♦1871
♦1878
•1873
♦1874
♦127,')
♦1870
1277
♦1878
♦1879
MIscellatiFous croasrcferencca.
Blemish of c. -Demosthenes. 8959
Contaf^ious c. -Roman army. 8112
In Death-Nero. 1418
Desplsed-IIouston's mother. 8785
Devlceofo.-Behind camels. 1851
HInted-Colonel Tarleton. 8908
Moral c. of MarlborouKb. 4440
" " OTercome-Cranmer. 1849
Prevented-Fred. the Great. 1347
by Oaesar. 5101
Proof of c.-Self-mutilatlon. 5240
Punished by death-Romans. 1440
" -Beards half shaven. 1280
" with Insults. 1880
" " " eii»
Rebuked-Go to the rear. 1045
Reproved bv insults of women. 6188
Resented-Amompharetus. 1.550
Ridlculed-Battle of Spurs. 4839
Ridicule conquers c. 4893
Royal c.-Honorlus-Fllght. 1807
Scomed-Indian gauntlet. 8667
Severity fore, Brother's. 1873
Htinjf of c.-James II. 2905
in Suicide-American Indians. 5422
COWAUD-CItKEDS.
of Superstition -Mexicans. 5440
HurprlslnK c.Iloracllan. 8168
COWARDS.
Punlshod-lnfaniouM to marry. 'ISSO
Hisii EKKKMINAC'Y.
Royal e. of Elatcabalut. ♦1889
A(je of e.-Kn(tligh. 3784
Charged fulsely-Jealousy. 2900
Honored for e.-BuokluKham. 3871
In Claudius. 8S70
Mc" INTIMMiATION.
Suuceasful i. of Indians by S. ♦8961
K77
780
144
3891
410
175
Attempted 1. of clergy-J. II.
Cry for I.-" liabel yell."
Rleotloii by 1. of Charhm XII
by Kxumple of Cn)8ar-Au({.
of (iovMrnnient by Cromwell
by ImaKlnary anirels.
MessaKe of l.-Attlla to Romans. 381
by Punishment-Rebels. 4030
Reaction of l.-James II. 316
Remembrance of 1. -Turks. 3V70
of Ruler-Tory (!ov. of N. Y. 4077
Success by i.-Capt.Wad8worth.3950
" " "-Oen. Jackson. 3773
by Vlolenoe-Blsniarck. 3359
Soc'ri.MIDITY.
In Oovernment-Constantine. ♦,'5081
in Business-James Watt.
Childish t.-Perseoutcd Cowper,
Embarrassed by t.-M'Kendree.
Excuse of t -Blackmail.
Indecision of t.-C'onspirators.
in Literature-Cow per.
Loss by t.-Justlnlal.
Overcome by t. at first.
" " earnestness.
Rebuked by example.
Reproved-Demosthenes.
Tyrant's t.-Dlonysius.
.'^cc PEAK in loc.
CRAZE.
Croas-reference.
for Qold-Emljcrants.
See INFATUATION in Inc.
CREATION.
Cross-reference.
Theory of c.-West Indians.
CREDITOR.
CrosB-referencc.
Merciless c. exposed.
CREDITORS.
.Mlscellaneima crosa-references.
Oppression of c. -Infanticide.
Restrained by law-LucuUus.
See BANKRUPTCY.
Prodicted-National-British.
089
. 797
3083
8008
8778
130?
1838
8084
2894
1843
8081
4411
8388
2709
1855
3410
5759
♦451
Courage in b.-Sir Walter Scott. 93
See DEBT.
Imprisonment for d. In Eng. ^1459
Secu.- ,y for d.-SIr W. .Scott. ♦HOO
by War of American Rev. ♦1461
Imprlicmmont for d. -England. 4180
4390
" " " " 8185
Increase of d. by extortion of J. 718
Overwhelmed by d. Sir W. Scott. »1
Uolleved by marriaRe-Clcero. .1-1(14
Hyron. ;Mfl5
Son pawned for d. 4364
See UEUTS.
DlBcoura);ed-LuWB of Amasls
Dishonest d. -Precedence of.
Provented-Solon's law.
Puidshment for d. Insolvent.
Scaled-Virginia Colony.
Small d. -Samuel Johnson.
♦14(18
♦I4(«
♦1464
♦1465
♦i4fl«;
♦1407
Due in future life,
of Ilonor-Oanibler's.
Require eoonomy-Penn,
Suspension of all.
Trivial d. unpaid-Johnson.
.See LOAN.
Uopoiessl. to S. Johnson.
Refused by professed friend,
of Wife to friends-Spartans.
CRBDVLirV.
of Phllo8opheri*-Stran(je-S.
Religious c. -Priestcraft,
of the Slek-16th century.
Superstitious c.-Romans.
8S5K
8614
1707
1 1511
3384
♦8884
6137
♦1881
*1888
♦1883
♦1884
-Persian Maffi.^ 1885
Arrested for d -Charles IV. 4853
Cancelled by murder-Jews. 4178
Division by-American States. 1987
MlacullanrouH croBS-references.
Excess of o.-Mohammedans.
of Fanatics-Crusaders.
Uold-seekers o. -Signs-Spiders,
of Hatred-Origin of Huns.
" Superstltion-Mjstery.
-Am. Indians.
" " -First Crusade.
-N. E. Colonies.
" Timidity-Negro plot,
brings Unbelief-Miracles.
Victim of c. -Cotton Mather.
Sec PRESUMPTION in loc.
CREEDS.
Miscellaneous croas-referencei.
Destroyed c. bring union.
Valued according to effects.
See DOCTRINE.
Zeal for d.-Wm. P. of Orange.
See DOCTRINES.
Confusion In d. -Union of all.
Erratic d. or Milton.
Mixed d. -Gnostics-Christians.
Perverted-Early Christians.
vs. Preferments-Armlnians.
Tested by fire- Sectaries.
See HERESY.
Pined for h.-Donatlsts by Cath.^2553
Hunting h.-Roger Williams. ♦2.'>.54
Madness at h.-Phillp I' ♦2.5.\5
Suppression of h. by l&w. ♦2556
6H.'-)(>
5141
1588
5447
5448
5451
54,')3
4814
;mi\
1567
8089
4731
4404
1937
3988
1937
19.38
430S
2087
Champions against h.-Jesuita. 8960
Far-fetched h.-Joan of Arc. 1?8(>
vs. Malignancy-Parental. 3389
Punished for h -William Penn. 8975
Reading the Bible a h.-R.Huime.57t
I
mam
("UEMATION-CKIMKS.
Kland. 4980
**
4i«)0
It
ai85
on of J. 7ia
W. Hoott.fll
(!or<). .'Min
yroi
. :»(a
4,'ia4
nasls. *I4(W
)0f.
♦U(W
•MM
ent.
*U(W\
♦HfWl
a.
♦M«7
•JSRH
■MU
iriit
unii
n.
as'.M
♦aaaj
nd.
a-AM
ns.
fiisr
■
1.
*iiHl
*ia«
*]»")
*1:l'S4
fagi
♦1»(5
;ncoB
,
18.
*!*>
BH.'-H*
era.
r.i4i
1888
5447
ns.
5448
ide.
5451
aies.
5453
4214
:i6)i(\
r.
1567
th.*2553
♦8.%4
*255«
Botentlflo b. of GhIIIho. 5787
Toleration of h.-U<ir«My-K VV. 6038
HeellEUKTICS.
TeiTlfled-Bran«iedNuk«(lnoM.*a.W7
Venxeanoe against b.-t'orpbu *!j55H
Pretext for perHec3uilnK h.
6078
Hce OKTIIODOXV.
DUavowed f<>r offluu.
anoo
Intense o.-" niue and Oreon.'
U70
Hcc .SK(;TAK1AN.
The wind a' poplMh" h.
•5000
8e« HKCTAItlANiaM.
In Deatb-Mury Quuun of Hoots
.♦5007
Narrow s. of Scois.
♦60(«
Military n. of James II.
3ia
817
6«»
Zeal of James II.
See SECTS.
Averalon ainontc s.
♦5000
Differences In s Turk-Porslau ♦6070
" " " maKuifled.
♦5071
AlleKory of rellnlous H.,Dryden'8.a31
See TUEOI.OOY.
DIffloultlesIn t.-Inllnlte delty.^.^593
Bfleutn of t. -Cromwell. ♦5509
Pbllosopber's t.-Anaxagoras. ♦SOOO
"-Plato. *mn
"-stoics. ♦6008
RIdloalous t.-K(fyptlan. ♦5003
Character moulded by t.-C's. 773
Imagination lu t. -Gnostics. 5100
Maintained by law. 4780
Subtleties In t. vs. Person of C. 886
Bee APOSTASY, KAITII and
PERSECUTION in loc.
CREMATION.
MtscvUaiieouii cruan-rufL-rencua.
Kindness In c.-Pompey. 8853
Opposed-Bodies preserved. 88.58
Popular c. of Caisar's body. 8851
CRiniE.
Epidemic of o.-Eng., a.d. 1C98.^1886
Evidence of c.-Clroumstantlal.^l887
Expiation of c.-Burnlng of R. *ia88
of ImaglnlnK-Duke of B. ♦1889
Memorial of c.-" Labrador." ♦1890
Organization for c.-E.a.d.1752.^1201
Reaction of c. -Rosamond. *lW'i
Taught-Kng-" Devil's Acre." ♦laos
Miscellaneous croBa-roferenceB.
Absence of c.-Plymouth Col'y. 6834
Avarice causes c. 3C55
Blundering c.-Executlon of C.I.0818
Career of c.-Fulk the Black. 106
Colonies represent crimes of E.3403
Confession extorted by torture.8878
Encouraged by papal absolution. 11
Excuse for c.-Jullan's. 8549
Expiated by penance. 8800
4105
Forced to c.-Rosamond. 67
Grades In o. overlooked.-Solon.3159
Hope for liberty a o. 3834
Indulgence In c, Price of. 2800
Information of o. bravely given. 1248
Integrity punished as a o. 3069
by Intemperance-England. 8980
IntoxUuitlon no eiuuiu for o. iitMIS
Liiailsto 0. -Adultery to murder. 07
Light prevents c. -London. 3808
Monstrous c. -Library burnt. 3840
Natural reeompunsn of o. 80^8
Poverty punUhed as a o. 4336
Pruadliltiit a (..-.Sriitlaiid. 4398
Prevent ion vs. PiinUhment. 6818
Pnifunlty punishud-PurltuMH. 4481
Protection In u. by corruption. 438
IU<iullng the Bible ao.-R.UuDnu.572
8elf-punlHhed-Pol8on. 4825
Shortens life-Murder of John X II .i;6
Sinless c. Jesuits. 1 105
Society wronged by o. 8072
UnoonsclouHiicHH of o.-Peredeus. 07
cRiraics.
Equality of c. -Stoics' doctrine. ♦1897
Ilonored-Bothwfll.
Married by wife of vletlro.
Motive- Ill»torf-Nam«'s.
Rellglout a. of Henry III.
Victim, Mistake of.
Svi' ASSASSINATU)N.
Attempted a.-Louis Phlllpiw.
" " -Victoria.
II I* ,1
('onnpiracy for a. -British Cab.
Dellveruuco by a. -Henry III.
K.-11'.upe from a. Lincoln.
Fonr of a. I'romwell.
U' icrat a. in Ireland.
I Jusfitled I'hillp of Greece.
Patriot io a. of Cwsar.
Peril of u Cromwell.
Remarkable a.-cmsar's.
MlacellunuiiuB croaa references.
Common among the Romans.
Confessed for divorce.
Diverted evidence of a.
Emasculation or death for a.
Evidence of a.-Dlfflcult.
In High life-Charles 11.
Oppressive a.-Tyrant Glldo.
Prerogative In a. -Mahomet.
Shameless-Common-Europe.
See ARSON.
Destruction by a.-Chosroes.
of Ambitlon-Nupoleon. 3306
Applauded-Faise casuistry. 3706
Degrees lu c. overlooked. 30,57
Inconsiderate of c. -Napoleon. ,3395
of Intemperance- Workers. 2921
Sec ADILTERER.
Advances of a.-P of M. 8tuart.;»l2
Blot of a. .Mahomet. 3818
Confirmed a.-James II. 0222
Devices of a.-Emp.Valentinian 2276
Merciless punishment of a. 'W<S
Papal a.-Pope John XII. DOS
Reparation by marriage. :I4.^8
Royal a.-Edward IV.-Wlves otL 47
Self-confessed a. -False. 5177
Wife wronged by husband. 0008
See ADULTERESS.
Approved by husband. 4490
Arts of the a.-Catherlne Sedley. 50.54
In Bondage to a.-James II. 50.54
Distinguished a. -Pompadour. 3247
Influential a.-Aspaaia. 12,50
Patriotic a.-Fulvla. 0007
by Restraints-Uonoria. 3430
Respected a.-Aspasia. 0084
Self-confessed a.-Q. of Spain. 5125
Strange charm of a.-CJ. Sedley. 8842
Successful a.-Antonlna. 4858
Victim of a.-James II. 0086
Set ADULTERY.
Excused by Gabriel-Mahomet'8.^03
Punishment for a. -Exiled by J. ^04
Shameless a.-by nobility-i5 cent.^05
Vengeance for a.-Pope Jno. XII.^66
Victim of a.-Peredous. ♦O?
Saspeoted of a.-Nero.
See ASSASSIN.
Honored-Emp. Caraoalla.
1295
8188
1049
3100
1931
3470
5745
4810
3843
♦384
1887
1183
Ambition provoked a. of (tusar IH4
Attempted a. by Jesuits.
Common-Reign of William 1.
Diinounced u.-of Cotiiar.
Di.sgruco of a.-James II.
Failure of a.-Commodus.
by Govornment-Rlchard III.
Horrlfled by Ciesar's a.
Plot for a. of Elizabeth.
See ASSASSINS.
Hatred of a.-Cii'sar's. ♦378
Infamous a.-Llii(U)lu'H. ♦373
Political a.-Duke of Gloucester. 81(18
Reaction of a. on Hei\ry II. 0145
Religious a.-Porsia. ♦,374
Hcsort to a. Nero and mother. 1.347
Kesponslbility for a Ilnnry II. 2000
Revenge by a. -J. lliiniilton. 4801
Scheme of wholesale a. 1140
" " a.-Hosamond's. 07
" " "-Catherine deM.'s.CWm
Shocking a. of Rizzlo. 2087
Terror of tt.-Em|). Augustus. ,3801
Deceived by Mahomet. 8495
Justifled-H. Dustin-Indian's. ,3729
Partisan a.-IJiiie and green. 970
Rebuked by f. honors-Ciesar's. 2281
-Lincoln's2854
Struggle with a.-Plzarro. 1068
Terror of a.-Nat'l panlc-Eng. 3982
See ASSAULT,
of Jealousy-Romans. 2807
Reparation for a.. Cheap. 2868
Severe penalty for a.-f .30,000. 4102
See BLACKMAIL.
Contribution of b. Justlfled. 2008
See HRIHE.
Rejected by Nap.-8800,000. 23.57
" patriot-Reed. 4075
See BRIBERY.
Condemned by Isaac Newton. 'flOO
In Court-Eng.-for a Hearing. ♦Oei
Disguised by purchase-Eng. ♦eoa
Legislative b,-£.5000 for a vote.^663
" "-Commons. ^664
"-Scotch P'rrm'nt.^065
" -Necessary-Eng. ♦eoe
" -Duke of N. ♦ee?
Needy prlnces-Gerraan elector8^668
Occasion for b. -Small pay. ♦660
N
.
Il
^ii!
8U4
C'UIMEH.
Papal b.-AlejiHtiiJer VI. •tJ70
I'urlUiUN >). Alliuiiliiiiii. *<iri
lteJu(;ttMl l>y Hiitnuul Atlatni. *tltii
KeprouL'b of b. Dtsmomln'iinii. *I17)|
K«ii«ntu<l .Sti^pliKii A. DoUKlaM. *(IT.'I
KoyiU b. CbarloR II. *nrt
HeuiuliiK l>. liuMoll. *fl7A
liliit of I) KriiiutiM Diicoii. ViVl,
Kraiid i>r l>. "Dunkirk IIdunu."
Competition In b. -IrUli 1*.
" " " Threo kluKi.
Conilomntid for b.-I)einoM'n«a.
of Doatli-HuHUfort.
DlHKiilHud ii!i lioMiiR-I. Nawton
Kallurti of b. Aiulru.
Knar of I), by Mabomet II.
Iliiblliittl b. of Verros.
of <)U(I|{UH by Catllinu.
' riihllu-Koman*.
Ofllolal Siiiiderland-Heoretary.
of onicliilM by (iolliN.
Proof airiiliiKt II. Tompey.
UnlvurNul b. KiikIuhiI.
UnHUcouHMf 111 .Andrew Marvoll.
Wealth by b.-Hiinderland.
.Sec lU'CCANKKIl.
Kxcused Sir Franiils Drake.
Hio CAM'.MNY.
InstlKaled-.MuxIniUM l''alilug.
Opposition by u.-C'bas. ^Ve8loy.
lUlO
(MM
H77
am
•iOi
Vi\0
van
anw
StKHl
VJVi
Murr
i9in
0()8
♦701
♦708
Hid for 0. -Scotch Inmiri^ont!*. HM7
Punished-Injurlea In kind. 3i00
Shamoful c. of phyHiclan. 1048
Victims of c.-KnlifhtH Templarg.l93»
Sec ('DN.SI'lUAf'Y.
Alarnilni; (;.-I{i'l({n of \Vm. I. ♦li;w
Infainousc. Ho.vall.st8, A.D.177fl^lI30
I'olltlciUc.-UeiKnof Chas. II. ♦1187
Uupopniar c.-CatUlno's. ♦Ii;i8
Unprovon c.-SIr W. Ualolgh. ♦ll!)!)
of VIoe-Catlllne'g. ♦IHO
of Ambltlon-Trlumvlrl.
" AssasBlns-Iiritlsh Cabinet.
" " -Irish CatholloB.
" " -Crosar's.
" -Lincoln's.
" " -Napoleon-Thirty
Danuerons o. against C'lumbus.STriS
Defeated by a woman-Fulvla. fi097
Doteoted-CatlUne's.
of Discontent-G. Wash injf ton
Disclosure of c. refused.
-Japan.
Escape from c. by fliKht-M.
Failure of c. -Mallet.
Self-deception In c.-Ca'sar's.
Successful c.-Pelopldas.
"-Sicilian Vespers
Suspicion of a c., Needless.
Warning of c, Ineffective.
See CONSPIRATORS.
Ingrate o.-Cjpsar's.
See DEFAMATION.
Punlshed-Tltus Oates.
See DUEL.
Combat by d. -Alexander
Murder by d.-Alex. HamUton.^1747
Naval d.-Paul Jones. ♦1748
Proposed by monarchs. ♦1749
loa
Hm
3(17
371
87.1
GO!)
15M
a308
32,14
3040
1023
2105
1477
4477
1340
Ifi.'i
5948
♦1141
1487
♦1746
lUillfftoiud.-WelttnKtun'i. ♦1750
riukllunKato llKht ud unaco'pt'd.HUt
Comlmtbyd. (niii't.ilii. IM.')
Trial by combat Uuuls. .'Xini
War ended by d Thebans. HHHI
Sfc DCKI-.S.
Inequality In d. J. (|ulney. *1761
See KDIKIKKY.
Confe«sod-D««'d. ♦UIW
t^onvenlont f. KtnpororC. ♦silli;)
DelURlvof.-Wm. P of orange. ♦liliM
Perilous f.-Fronoh ofBeor. ♦tfllts
IlandN out off for lO^ypt. ;)1<!I)
ProHurvatioii by f. -Assassin. IMJ
Hhani( ,'ul f. Antony. 12.7
Heo KltAfl).
Olgnntlu f. South Sea scheme. ^2214
(iiivi^rnmcntal f.churlcs II. ♦221,'5
SnspUiioMS of f First cable. ♦221i)
In Trade " lionost Leather." ♦2217
Alarming f. Forgery.
"Departed Spirit."
F.xposed-Antony's.
Fishermen's f. Antony.
Living by f.-Ileggars.
Religious f.-Images.
" "-Weeping virgin.
" "-Orecian oraole.
" "-Holy Lance.
"-Uelios.
Spiritualistic f.-" Knock."
See OAMHMNO.
Degraded by g.-Charles Fox.
" " "-Sunderland.
" " " -Coffee Houses
Escape from g.-Wilberforce.
Fashionable g.-FolIy.
Losses by g.-Glbbon.
Passion for g Kng. gentry.
Pride In g.-Dlgh life.
Ruinous g.-OUvor Goldsmith.
" " -English gentry.
Universal g.-Cruf aders.
Vice of g.-ProUfic.
Memorial of g.-" Sandwich."
Ruinous g. -Edgar Allan Poe.
Sec TMI'OSITION.
Artful 1. of Alexander.
Ofllolal 1. -Punishment of 3.
See IMPOSTOR.
Contemptible I. -Lambert S.
Deceived by l.Perkln W'rb'ok,
" " "-Monmouth.
Punlshed-Duke of Monmouth
Reproved by General Grant.
Sec IMPOSTITRE.
Political l.-Volce In the wall.
Rewarded-Tltns Oates.
Duplicated-Titus Oates.
IM2
2I4I1
2149
B703
12HV!
3020
3940
4607
,(068
4009
4070
4071
4072
4073
4074
467,5
4670
3.'i55
♦2'20.5
♦2206
.♦2207
♦2'2fi8
♦2209
♦2270
♦2271
♦2272
♦2273
♦2274
♦2275
♦2876
♦6146
♦6195
♦27.53
♦2754
♦27,5li
♦27.50
♦2757
♦27.58
♦2759
•2761
♦2760
2051
and KnUiiiHiHiim Mahomet. imn
KxiioMi'd Weeping virgin. ,'1621)
by ()ni<!le« <lr)'<!lari. 80,(0
'• -Dolphle. mm
Supposed I. child of Jnmea II. 8013
Sc« INCKNDIARY.
Punished by fliiintts Itomiini. ♦ST?!!
.See INCKSr.
by Marriage of relatives. 84M
Hi'v INKANTK'IDK.
Common I. by miMgovurnment. 8410
See INSPl/r.
more than Injury -Arabs. •3896
to Jealousy -Flogging. ^2897
Last I. -a Knight's. ♦SHUh
Polltlrali to William Pitt. ♦2899
Ui-bi>llton from l.-PerNlans. ♦Sixxi
Kemembranoii of I. -Cyrus. ♦2901
Stinging I Colonel Tarleton. ♦21K)8
t'nconsoious I. -James II. ♦8903
Abusive l.-Ambassadorg. 4444
Addi'il to Injury 'Inrbarlans. 2.50
of Arriiganco-Attila-Roniana. 3'.'l
.122
Fancied I. -Xerxes. 820
Ilunilllatlon for I. -Pope. 219
Oversensitive to i. -Tyrant. 2.527
Resented by nismarck. 8;).59
Stinging I. Woman's. 8189
I'nresented Fear- Alexius. 7.57
See INSPLTS.
Argument by 1. Johnson. ♦3!)(i*
with Misfortunes James II. ♦390.5
Authorized for cowards. 1280
('ruolty provok(Ml by l.-Ind's. 2074
Public 1. -Cromwell to Parllam't.410
Reparation for I., Cheap. 2868
Women's 1. to cowards. 6128
,Seo KIDNAI'PINO.
by Government of England. ^3076
Common crlme-Eng. Coloides. 2403
Hee I.IIIKL.
Trials for l.-Wllllam Uono. ♦3203
Anonymous 1. -Milton.
False accusation of 1.
Indifferent to 1. -Frederick II.
Press proseeulf d for 1.
Sec MATRICIDE.
Infamous m. by Nero.
(I »t II it
Sec MURDER.
Atrocious m.-Parmenlo.
of Innoceuts-Rlchard III.
1105
3(M9
5299
4430
4488
3743
1110
♦3741
♦3742
Miscellaneous crosarcfcreiiccs.
Atonement for m. -Money. 3273
Diabolical ra. of A. Lincoln. 373
Duellist's m.-A. Hamilton. 1747
Excusable-Persecution. 4122
Government provide funeral-E 3160
Indignation at m. of Becket. 3,505
Intentional m.-Frederlck Wm, ai89
Justifiable m. by Capt. J. Smith. 80
Legal m. -Execution of J. of Arc. 1726
Licensed by legislation. 3273
Mania for m.-Klng Cambyses. 2881
" " -Scott's nurae. 2883
i^—liliBilMSBMI— '
mmK
( UIMKS.
xrihl
nm
«lri.
.'Uiaii
:«m
ai»47
itniM 11. 1)013
Ml v.
•11111(111. 'aTTa
I'N.
!Mft4
IIIK.
'nitiiont. iWIO
r.
bd.
•2HIMI
•V!MI»7
•8HUH
ntt.
*mm
illllH.
•S(X)(>
niN.
•yimi
rUiton. 'win
I.
•aixi8
•«.
4M
rlatif
XA)
Diiiang. .T.'i
It
.'t«
son
).
810
unt.
2r.s.7
a'ir,o
31H9
ua.
Tr)7
H.
>n.
♦89(M
II.
♦3005
M.
12N0
Ind's
. 2074
•urllam't.4I0
p.
yHflS
6128
<(l.
und.
♦3070
)loiile8. 3403
DO.
♦3203
1105
3(Wi)
ok II.
52!)!)
4430
4438
c.
3743
IIIO
♦3741
.
♦3742
ri'iiccs
?.
3273
>ln.
373
n.
1747
4122
jral-E aiftJ
ket.
arm
Win.
a389
Smith. 80
f Arc. 1726
3278
yses.
2881
e.
8889
Murder for m. KoMmoiid IWl
I'aMlonutu III liiKiiiiity-.Kmip. W£t
KoMitlou aKulimt iii l'»»ur'M. J'llH
liornoriio for imMHioimte ni. («)2l
KeTitiiKtid by duucl>t«r. OOM
Knwiird fur iii. Nuoklauo. 13-13
Sliook.'d by l.liiodtn'i ni.-Ho'ly.3H10
Slow III. of T. Overtiiiry. 4220
Venxuiiiiua for in Mary Stuart. &7H4
Hw MI'IU'KKKU.
ruiiiful hoitpKitllty to a m.
Uxinorm) of iii. Aluxuiider
S«lf-ospoMud III. Abbott.
HmltlKii of (lotl iliidwbi.
Wbolesuiu 111. Ciiracallii.
Hun MIIUI)KIIK.>4S.
Murd«red-AKil|)|)lna.
sm .Mil I'lLATION.
of AirrldulturlHtH by Tliendorlo
•mr>
1744
lOHO
24U0
lOUO
♦3743
104
by (.'owHrds-Kmiiaim. B240
FuuIbI'- iiit by in. Hooti. 6701
Uevo .^o by m. ('oventry. 48.'i7
H*<lf-in. for do(tt!|>i loll. 5318
SuldlerH 8U|i|iorted by Htiito. 5!i^l3
Sue .Mi; TINY.
Couraico aKaliiti in. t'lunar. •3750
Cruul m. -Henry tludHoii. ♦3757
by l)i!ia|)|)<ilutiiuiiit-('uluiubu8.^3V5H
Uodirin by in.-Urltl»h navy. ♦375U
of Iluilorg-Urltlali navy. ^3700
t^uolled by (ioneral JaukH>.n. 1003
Kalloni' in. -Columbus'. 1010
Unparalleled m.-8uottiHh s'ld'rH.300
Seu NUISANCK.
Perpetuatod n. In Loudon tilth. *3824
Sec I'AKKKHliK.
Crime of p. " Impossible." ^4000
Punishmuut of p. ^4007
Youthful p.-Boy(t 10 years old, iaU5
S>« I'KctlLATION.
OIHclal p. Small pay. 069
.See I'EKJUHT.
Punishment of p.-J udlclal. •1113
Kiel'U<lHTITUTEH.
I)r«mi of p. Luxurloua.
Kiilo of p. I'apal ehalr.
W,<'us made p. (lothlu.
.Kia KAPK.
Attimpled r Joan of Aro.
Punished with death. 5819
8ham«ful p. of " Dick " Talbot.6038
See PIKACY.
Anolent English p. •4185
National p.-EnR. and France. 086
See I'l RATES.
Coanlvance with p. -Gov't. *1186
Period of p. -Romans. ; 187
Conniving with p. -Romans. 1298
" " -English. 2434
Contempt of p.-Roman. 1 144
Government IndlCferent to p.-E.8440
Impunity of p. -Bribery. 1810
Tribute to p. -Alfcerine. 5711
See PROSTITUTE.
Distinguished p. -Theodora. ♦45;«
Expensive p.-Charles II. 6083
Honored p.-Empress Theodora.3101
" " Goddes<i of Reason. 4024
Power of p.-Polltlcal-Louls X V.ooro
-Pompadour. 6080
Bule of p.-Poppeea, 4373
by Htratagum-Vulinttnlan.
Vungeaucu for r. < uthorino,
Victim of r. by soldier*.
War caused by r.
See llEllIl.l.r.lON.
Co.istrucilvu r.' Maxlnilllan.
Prevented r. Hcntland.
Hinall r. -Rhode Islaud.
Hoap r. England.
Whiskey r.-Peunsylvaula.
of Army against had food.
Catholic r. In Maryland.
CauseH of r. I'oiifeilcmcy.
Disgrace from r. rlarfiidon.
Forced to r. I'arl. by James II
Forfeiture of p. by rr'xdllon.
Hostility to r. Poinpcy,
Incipient r.-Am. Revolution.
" " liostoii Tea Party,
from Iiisult-Perslana.
Sin of r. taught,
of Slaves- Romans.
Hoap rebellion Women.
agaliiHt Tyranny -Jacquerie.
Vengeance after r. -Peter.
See KKllEI.S.
Punished with Monmouth.
" •' Temugtn.
4eu
:i080
tIMU
•4610
'J270
5780
6113
5010
♦HW5
♦1020
♦4087
•40'JH
•4020
looa
6612
5888
1537
, ;iN53
;117
;i')2,-
3r.20
2000
.'1821
,')2(M)
0131
5737
2875
♦1030
•1031
Donounood as r., Pal8ely-Ind'B.4331
See SEDUtrnON.
Avenged on Carlnu.s. •.')073
by Promlses-Hiinry VIII. •.')(rr4
Punishment of s. Constantino. '5075
Punished severely-Aurellau.
Ruinous S('heme of s. of P.
SeeSbANUEU.
Defence from s. -Napoleon I.
from Envy-John Itunyau.
Fine for 8.-$50(),000.
Opposition by s.-J. Wesley.
Persecutors s.-i'onstantlne.
of IMety-Rlchard liaxter's.
Punished by James I.
Reward! d Dick Talbot.
Victim of 8. -Columbus.
4578
07
•5170
•5171
•5172
•5173
•.m;»
•5175
•5170
•5177
•5178
.Vbuslve s. of Nap. by Britons. 'J-l
of Americans by Sam. Johnson. 214
fnconsistency of s. -Nap. I. by E. 24
Victim of s.-Cromwcll " King." 3803
-Bolivar. 4044
See SLANDERS.
Vile s. against primitive ch. ♦SlT'J
See SMUGGLING.
Fined In England. ♦5210
Prevention of s., Ineffective. 1552
See SUICIDE.
Averted s.-Napoleon I. ♦B420
Cause of B. -Samuel Johnson. •5421
Cowardice of s.-Am. Indians. ♦5482
8(15
Deterred Benlamln Abbott. *MM
Dyapuptlc's eieapu by h. *!>4'ii
Escape by s. Deniontlienes. ♦.M'Jn
(llorltleatloii of s. stole*. '.M-.>U
Mania for ». William Cowpor. ♦.M27
PhUiMophii: H. Marcus. ♦M^H
UemoriH>rul«.-Mrs. Shelley. •5IJtl
Attempted by Cowpcr. 8001, ',288:1
at Command of ruler. .'181:1
by " forty Wlven 14li>
of the Defeate<l Clmbrians. 15.'i0
f<ir Disgrace I. iiiretla, .''TWrt
Faimtles h Religious. xm
Intentional h. Youthful W, 1008
Intlinldatcd-Nrro. ''-'^'*
l'arudl«e galneil by I, 1*16
Prcparutbiii for s. Shelley. ,Vli3
" " Fred. II. ;1033
Prt^veiitcd s. Alcxiinder's. I(i8l
Refuge from fiimino In s. 8015
" adversity In s. .''••'JO
Required ox-Oltlcer Turk. ;if-' 'I
Soldier'^ H. RoiiiHli. 1 101
" " Antony. 1 1(I5
Teiiiptallon to m -Melancholy. IIV!)
See SWIMiLEK.
Rojiil s. Henry VI. ♦,5't.s7
Vlll. •54S8
" " Rlchiird I. *.MhM
See TRAITOR.
Political t.-Mr. Iluske. •.'■(HI
Punlnhcd by mollier. ♦.')075
ahaineless t. -Sunderland. *'.070
Indignation toward t.-Ara. Uev.'.'7i>5
Iiil'aniy of t. Name changed. 3704
for Rcvenge-Coriolanus. 0101
See TREACHERY.
Base t. -Philip VI. *.500O
Consummate t. Charles II. •.501)1
Cold for t.-Benedlet Arnold. ♦.50112
Message of t.-Emp Alexander.^,')093
Conquest by t.-Scxtus over G. 48
In Court Criminal. 5833
Diplomatic I. Eiiglish. 17,52
Dlsgulsed-Cu'sai 's assassins. 1478
-Friendship. 8213
of Frieiid-Hrutus vs. Cicaar, 88.58
" -Francis Bacon. '28.57
Frlondship's t.-DIck Talbot. 3208
Infamous t.-.\m. Revolution. 1130
" " Pau.-tanlas. 8724
Ingrate's t.-Iiuiton. '28.W
Massac ro by t. 3,")20
National t. -England to Fram^e. 080
onice by t.-EteocU>s. 3884
Odicial t. to ( olumbus. ,3900
Proof against t.-Bcllsailus. 2128
-Patriot. 40ti8
Proposal of t. rebuked. 4075
Proverbial -" Word of a king." 8041
Shameful t.-Agathocles. 1.538
Twarted by exposure. 3518
Umpire's t.-Edward I. 5746
See TREA.SON.
Cry of t.-Patrlok Henry. ♦,5094
Dedned-England. ♦,50!»5
Incipient t.-War of 181'2. ♦,50'.)6
Punishment of t. Romans. ♦5097
I
Hot;
Ritirlbuilou at t. |{<iiiiitiiN
•MOB
lil
i:;|
Atrocious rrtmtt of t. 4ATA
FkImi chitrii* of t Pri'iinh <'Htlm.4-IH
oniclHl I (,'hita. II. brttwd hf V OTi
u »»r»ti'xt for •Ktoriloii
tiy UcNuMiriiflnt-llourlNin
<'. MiirrliiM
TurnlithAtl hf t II. Arnold
HuoTKKHrAHH.
Ui'vcnifi' for t., MfiTflre.
HfBHI.AVKllV in liw
CHI.^IINAL.
Monxterc-Cutlllne.
»ll)7
4100
<l|il|
sntio
SOftT
•Ii«l8
MI»<'fII»nfiiiiK ' r"M-r»hr»nc<'ii.
(diitrollInK Rov'l liy nunejr. U'tiM
Uiillirotii'il executed. WITH
llunorud u. ClaiKln DiivnI. lO*.'.')
MoiiNii^r (\-ICint>. I'araculltt. nu,-|
Uoyul <■ -Noro. llMlft
I'liiirniNlitd throiiKli f'Mir ('. ^M(W
W'Briiliijr of (!.-M<ii(rold. MS
ORIinilVALN.
llrnndod-ClerUuil cbmndi-d M.*I',W
clorli'uliv fftTored KmhIiiimI. 'aw
( i)!!!!^!!!^ with <^ (liiv't with. *I',1IS
IUllIltH(lr(^ Londiiii Krliir'sh.*! •»•>(«
Ilonorud lllKhlaiid«r> pny r. *].'MI0
riotootloiifromo.-l'olloe, 17H0.*1301
Uiilo of c. over o. Brld«well p.'lSOa
Mlaccltancfliin croM rcfiri'nocd.
Cruelty to c.~Kii({liiiid.
KmlKraiit c. Now France.
Ki«'Bpo of II. by exll«.
Fictitious c.-ClirlHtliins.
by Her«dUy-('iV8ar'ii fiimlly.
Indulfct^nuo to o., Stain of.
t.enlenoy to o.-Hums.
I'lirtlHllty to 0. Informern-J.
Power over c.-.I«hn Howard.
Miiiiotuary refu^r*' for c.
state ondanKcred by c.
Torture of c Franco.
Sec I'UISON ami rillHONERin
CRIPPLE.
C'ruftH-rffereiice.
UlstlnKulshed o. Tlmour.
See IjAMENE.SS.
Fever brlPRs 1. to W. Scott.
Wounds brlnf? I.-Tlniour.
CHI8IN.
Kqual to the c. -Cromwell.
1.^30
IN, I
•JCM)
-1140
aoTS
4K'il
i.wa
010
511
•1650
53'J-J
5048
loo.
615
8888
0171
•1808
Cros8 rcferenco.
Hesolutlon at the c.-Devereux. 661
See KMEIUIENCY.
Deliverance In e.-\Vni. I", of 0.*1868
See KXTUEMITY.
I)es|>erate e. HI>>ko of Home. *2015
Miserable e.-Iirltona-Uomans. ♦8016
CRITIC.
at Church-Lord Geo. Sackvllle. •1304
Mls<'ell:i!i(">im croaa-refereiicea.
Honest o.-Phlloxenuo. 4817
Inconsiderate c.-J. Adams. 2342
Negative c.-Carlyle. 4664
Rebuked by tlmc-Johnson. 8388
<'Ul.MINAI.-('Hl'Kr-TY.
>*I lulty Hniibn Tliiii'k«*rny. :)M4
rnlnrorttii'd r of lultiiirii auill
< RITK INin.
ArouNfd by iv Lord U) run. *1.1*)0
Olructfd Alulbludtid. •lauo
Snared William Cowiier. •1307
Oood <' Haiiiuiil .lolinaon. •laoH
iKt'onul by Abruliiim Lincoln. •I.'IDU
Mania fore. SMobblntn T. •IHIU
()|i|ioNlil(in by (V riilmtimlnn. •Kill
RoQueslii for c H. JohnHon *l'll'.i
Hllunced by tyranny l)|oDyNli.i^i:ii;i
UndlNiurbod by iv I'luto. *iai4
Mlm'itlliuii'niiH crnurrr^ri'Dcw.
nitlxrncHHof pollllciil c 4S.'IA
Compllmont of c. .lnlinHim. .1t).'l7
('orrttdtfd by tlicmiiHHCH r. I". Itw
Rxpcctcd by autliorM •loliniion. tiMl
VH. Fiini" In tbi> future. m'.(l
Iiuiii'rllltMl by Muiall c Lincoln. OU
Munlafiirc. Tliiiclnrity. StAl
ModcHly III c. Socrutt M. .'Ifi&'l
PoHt mortem c. KKypt'ii""' '•"-'''S
I'raHo corri'ctcd by c. I'oHt-m 88.V1
I referred to liKlllTi'n'iice A. 1<'5
licHUlited by ('iiinmoililN. l.'iOl
Itules liiiipplbwible to Sh'k'Np're :I800
HiivaKC<', ■I' .lobiiNon. 3503
Stimulated by Niippressloii. 8.151
StlnxliiK e. of Voltaire F.'h p'try.KKl
riiafftM'ted by c. Clcpro. 1085
<:HOAKIN(iI.
of DeKciioracy Kiiu. i'lirltan^. •1315
llablt of c. about the weathur.^l3i0
.«.■.> (IIU MIll.lNd.
over Failures of Ad. Nelson. 'aiOO
C;UOMN.
Kmblems of the ( hrlsllan o. •1317
Protection of thuc. Uomun L.'I.'IIH
Ke(!ov«rod-IIoly relic from P. •l.'ilO
Victory bythoo. Con8tantlne.^l380
MUeelUneouB i rererenci'
(Charmed 0.-" Aifnus Del."
Fraudulent c.-Uellcs.
Peace by tho blood of the c.
Precious relics of the c.
Rello of tho o.-Nalls-Spear.
Ulval c.-" Indiilxence Cidsb."
Saved by tho c. AVhItellcld.
True c. captured by Persians.
Victory by sl({n of c.-Con.
CHOWIV.
('< mposlte c. of Napoleon L
Declined by Cromwell.
" " Cirsar.
of Ilrmor-Roraan civic c.
" Merit-Roman poet.
Self-imposed o. by Napoleon.
Theft of c. of Kntf. by Col. B.
Transferred-Romans.
Troublesome c. of D.-Envy.
7H3
4(173
1175
4073
1047
887
4770
884
1781
•1381
•1388
•1388
•1384
•1385
•1386
•1387
•1388
♦1381)
Miiicellaneniiti croBS-refcrenceit.
Carelessness endangers c.-F. V.4801
Corruptible -Incorruptible. 4693
Declined by Amurath II. 3869
" Bellsarlus. 2188
Deslred-Vanlty-Peril. 3963
ItlNhonoreil e. - Kicked off.
for Labor AlMlolonymoui.
Prncloii* c. Holy o. of thiimi.
Sorrowful hourt, Coven.
Tariildhrd by crime,
of Thorui Hacred ruUu.
Unworn c. (lodfrey.
CROWN*.
Iron and tfold cliarleN IV
i'rnu-Tftifrrnen.
Multl|>lln<l 87 for Tlmour
4'Hi'CIFIXlUN.
Modern u. In India.
CniMN rcriTHiioot,
Affony of c, (Ireat.
Honored after c.-Joiui.
<'HIIKIiTV.
Arlstoeratlu n. of Norman (i.
Atrocious o. of l{<mian Knlp.C.
liarharlan c. -ThurlnKlaiis
llloodluss c. of Michael P.
Catholic c. to Proteslants In I
of (Mvlll/atloii to Am. Indians,
to Children by Tlmour the T
" Criminals In Knic. a.ii. 1531.
for (!. Sicilian Vespers' m.
KnJoymt*nt of o. by Romans.
Kx(|ul)dte e. of Kmp. Ik 11.
Female e. of Coiistantlna.
" " " Theodora,
of (lovernment. -Henry VIII.
" " to prisoners.
Inherited o. of Noro.
Inhuman c. of Phocas tho t.
Love of o. by Scythians.
Maternal c. of Spartans.
Merciless c. of Napolecm.
Monster of c.-R. Emp. Calltrula
Natural u. -Samuel .lohnson.
Passion of o.-Erap. Commodus
Pleasure In c -Lucius (^ulutlus,
to Prisoners-Illack Holo of C.
In Punishment- Andronlous.
Reaction of c. -Nero's.
Refined c.-Sylvanus mass'or'd
Religious o. -Crusaders.
Remorse from o.-Clotalre.
Royal o. of Ccmstantinu V.
Sectarian c. of G. toward L
Shameful c. of Jas. II. to rebs
of 81avery-I..aoedmm'n'ns to U
Taught to Spartan youth.
Terrible o. of Tlmour the T.
HIIU
4«7:i
tUNM
irrn
una
KIA6
•1!1!K)
«tH4
•1881
MH
1381
Undetested by Roman S.
Victor's o.-Emp. Clalllf nus.
In War-Tlmour-4000 burled a.
" " to non combatants-C.
to Woman-Queen lirunehaut.
in Worship of Ancient Druids.
♦13*'
♦18:i.'<
♦l!»l
♦I3.')5
•l.3.«I
•l.'MIH
•1837
♦i;i;)a
♦1310
♦i;mi
♦ i.'na
•1.^13
•1!M4
♦ 18-15
♦1310
♦i;u7
•laiH
•1319
♦13.50
♦1.151
.•1!1.53
♦l,^^3
.♦l.T.I
♦l.T.,'.
•la-io
♦ i;!.'r
♦l.'l.',M
.•i;i.v.»
•13()()
♦1801
♦1.308
•1363
I. ♦1864
.♦1366
♦1300
♦1807
♦1808
•1809
•1370
•1.371
•1372
•1378
•1874
MlsccllancoiiB crcms-rcforcncea.
of Ambition -Roman Triumviri. 192
-Prod -7 Years' War.808
-Irene to Leo. 180
-Mahomet III. 4967
Amusement by o. to animals. 223
Animals appeal to gods from c. 219
fUL'ELTY.
to AnliDkla Nonniin (I VVIil
" '• M»rk«ni«ri .im
by " •ttli. 4M0fl
of ATkrioa-IUlinl* 4M
lUrlmrlnii r . NIniiichtitr. MNI
ItoKKiirii trt'iitiwl with u. Root*. Ah(i.1
Drutal III <'t uKrli'iiltiirlittii bjr T.DVI
of (.'lilvulry tlliicik I'riiioii V»)0
C'hrUtluiiitytMiirixttitt'. KomuiiN a'lA
anil Ciiiiriiiity (Milviilry.
<'owi»r(ll<;itt)f (I. Noro.
DImoIuIiiii'iI, yt't prat^tliml
Kxhlblttiil III iiinrcy •tuiiiui II.
Kiti'tiiilMiitliiK (t. CuiKiir'*.
Fallurt* 1)1 It I'nrNfliiiitlon,
Kniiiale u Kr«ili<K<»>ila.
" " rarymillN.
Illooily" Mary.
of (loTeriiment l<'li>y<l.
" " - AiirDlluii.
Ih'atlittii KoilxOillii'
hy llorudlty-Nnro,
of liiillff«ri)iii:u-C'irHar.
luoffeutlve ■;. I'urHucutlon.
" " to lllHliop Mark,
to the Innocent Alnxumler.
" " InofftiiiMlve Aroailliiim.
with MlHfortiiiiit Am. IndluiiR.
Mob c- Draft riot, Now York.
MoiiHtnr III u.-MiklioniMt III.
MoiiuiMi'Mt of I!. I)0,(HN) hiiailfi.
National c. spunliirilH.
Opposition of I'urllanH to buar o.Ai'J
Furvuoutor'Hu.-tOO.MH) viotiiiis. 'll-.>0
MM
I'/ro
111)07
.MNI
•1(117
oiuu
IXMH
flOT3
■I.VW
1847
»)7a
a7U3
41tiO
(ll7.^
im
41M17
m-M
H7H0
I.
41^^
41;;;)
a.vi7
391.1
a.so
aii7a
1017
4^1:1
6713
" "t0.ljWH, It.
" HaVH^'fl Clltll
" 0. Kiiffland.
Pleamire obtuinril by v.
i'unUhmont by c. to (luHbiilill.
Keaotlon of it. KnKllnli.
" " (iuliOH.
" " " .lelTroys.
" " " -(N>roino(lii8.
Record of o.-IOmp. AiiRUHtus'se.aao
In liellKloiia perMeoutloii. tlVU
RullKiouM c.-C'rusaders. 4705
Kemembranite of c. -Jeffreys. H7(17
Ueputatinn fore. -Nero's father. 15.'Ki
of Kesentmfnt-Alcxacder. 4708
" Sailors' uiutliiy-IIudsoii. 3757
Sanctlfled by rellKlon-Tiirks. 1
Shameful c. of Spaniards. ^Mil
Tyratinleal c. to afted. 57.SI
Wanton c. of Cainbyses. S8H1
In War-Alexander at Tyre. 4708
of War-Scotland. 681)3
" " -TImour. B894
" " -Turks. 5805
to Women Jeffreys. S8«a
" Woman's revenKe-ParyBatl8.4855
S..-e AIUISK.
Absence of a -SavaRe's. "H
Personal a. of Milton. *23
Slanderous a.-Napoleon I. *'H
Success by a.-Polltlcal. ♦SS
Yt. Argnments-Johiison.
of the Blind-Milton.
" Countrymen-London.
Exposure of u. -Appltis.
2S04
33
1831
1865
of (iond prInotplM. lliil
Urowthiifu. Htar I liamlxtr. |\ina
Judicial a. Jeffmyi. IHiii
Polttlral a. for effuct. 4in.'l
Itflformatloii of a llop«leM. litM
Sal f applied In preauhUiK. i'HH
TS. I'M-Muney. 6750
Xvu AdONY.
CruolQxlim-" llltthMSt Illus." *I4H
Delltdit In Klaillalor'n it. Wi
lMillffnr«tiiii» lo a. Inliiimaii. 13tl!i
riiiaxiii'H III a. of dyltiR. i:UIH
Mnntiilik Jo*«tphlii«N divorce, moo
Mocked .Martyrs. ia'^8
H.« llUI TAMTY.
of Persecutors to Hnv It. Hill. *n70
.^lUculliiiH-niiM crniM rrri-mu'i-H.
.Kstbetlcal It. of Koiiians. UU, 103
lu AmiisenieutM In old Kiiirland. '.^18
" " of UoiiuillN. UIO
" " -Nornmiis. j.l'W
U. (Jladlators. aoi
" " U. circus. ait
of Ancestors overlooked. i:i3l
liarbarlc b. Amerlciiii Indians. HTiiiih
Mitrbarous b. of Kulk the Itluck. lOll
of Chivalry ICilward I. h|5
(.'otnmon b. old KiiKlanil, Umm)
In Court Icffrcys »(HM
to Crimlniils Mhocklnif. 'iHA
Dletnf Mesh Attlla. ai7t
Kxecutloner's b. Monmouth. 1070
Kxeciitlon of rubelH. lOMO
by Kaniino Atheuluns. 'JOVH
IiidlRniitlon at b. I'upuliir. .'lOiH
Lawless li. of Cambyses. '^'881
to Martyrs Nero. Jl.MiO
Piirental b. t-'rvd. William (. :I.'I80
" " '• " .'.711
I'rofeHSlnnal b..)e (Treys. looi
VeiiKuance In b. "Hoses." .'>70l
In War MaKilebiirR. r.881
" " -Indiscriminate. .'>88.'i
8eo K.\TKKMINATlt)N.
War of e. liucen Anne's. 'lOUO
by Persecutlon-AlltlKenses. 41*^3
of Soldiers Nervll-MaubeuKe. '.'ISO
Hco (il.ADlATDKS.
Courajfe of ilespiilr. 1235
IiiMtructlou of K- In brutallty-U. loa
Iiitriiductlon of k. to Home. 071
Suppression of exhlb. of r.-M. 8.'i5
8i« IMU'MANITV.
Comraerclal l.-Oid slaves,
of Man to man.-KnRlaml.
" -Spain.
Professional l.-Joffreys.
HeveDRe for I. -Pestilence
Kl»7
4107
I MIU
«nfl7
*a850
♦IWOH
to Prlsoiten I.niidon
rile Kleut."
Knirlaiid.
UallKlous I of I i-serutors. . .
of Hiiperstltlon Lepers biirnnil t4IN
-Sylla. Mftil
In War Itomans. Mil 'J
8,11 MAHSACKK
KvldeniMt in ofcnisailers. •35l.'l
ifeneiiil in In war. ♦.'1511
Inimi'ime in 70,oo«) Itomans. '.'Wm
by Mob In ParlH. ♦.iftin
of I'lilrliiU llostoii. •,XM7
Prevented Jatiieslown, Va. *'.Vt\H
Punished by in War. *;)5IU
by 'rreiiehery 'I'linNiialonlca. •.'l.'iyo
Wholesale in .'too ikni |i«ople. 'xm
Ilrutal m.-Caniealla. I.t'li
of < 'iiptlves by h'ninks. 1334
" ChrlitlikiiH 00,(HXI. 3'J4
Depopiiliited by in KiiRilad. I.'WI?
Drink rmiiieH in. liiillaiis. iiOlU
Iiiiiiieiiso III. 'I'liiioiir. RHOt
"byca'sar. 5I8|
Ini^DliHldiiriite in. by Scythians VWt
liidlitiiation expri'sseil at III. IMO
Inhuman m. of workmen -II. II87
1 " " IW8
! by Law-Lacedii'monlnn slaves. 1305
" Persecutors Catholic. 4I«3
Ireland. 4l3i
I'reveiilod by Informer. looil
of Prcitcstants-Dukeof Oulse-V ri<i8
" " Com by Plus V. .5M8
HoHrIous III. by ('rusailers. 4705
" " of prisoners. l.'lilo
" " -Latins by (I reeks. 1303
Siniill boKlnnliiR of m. " S. V." ao
Terrlblom." Slulllan Vespnrs."1340
I'nprovoked m -Jewsby Apoll. filM
In War-Wiillenstiln. r)«Ht
" " Paris, A II. 1418. 6885
S,,. MASSAI'UEH.
Hellglous-Prench Hevolutlon. *!V)'i'i
S.C MoNHTKIl.
Moral in. -Alexander.
" callitula.
" " ( 'aracalla.
" -Catiline.
" " Constantino V.
" " Napoleon.
" " Nero.
ARe of I. to criminals. 'J6.5fl
Avarice causes l.-15tli century. 4-JO
to BeRRars-Piinlshment. 2703
" Chlldren-JelTroys' court. 803
Christian I. to paRans. lO.'M)
of Commerce-Famine. '-JOoa
-Slave-trade. 1110
Excused-Publlo safety. 5008
of Oovernment-Bateman. 510
to Indians-Explorers. 008
of Persecutors-ConTenanteri. 050
1 1.50
■ i.%5a
13.'W
lao.'*
IRSft
1887
1347
13.50
" -Tlnioiir. 1.'137
1308
Sto sl,AIi(i!ITEU.
Barbarous s.-58,000(!arth'R'n'8.*5I8O
KxterminatloR s. of Oermans. *5t8l
Authorized by Jesuits.
1088
In Battle-Asians.
308
" -100,000 at Fontenay.
oao
Sec TOIITTTRK.
of Criminals In France.
*,VH8
Punishment by t.-Boot.
•.5040
Terrible t.-(iarlbaldl.
•5650
Testimony by t.-J. Howard.
*5651
Barbarous t. by Indians.
aeo8
1 1ll
!!■
:|
808
CUUSADER8— DANGEi?.
of Captives by Thiirtnglnns. ia3l
CorifeBslonsby t -Inquisition. *1T7
Doflant of t.-Martyrs. snoa
•irm
Deserved by Titus dates. 4505
Dovloes of t.-EtiKlisli baronn. IMSfi
by ExecutlonerH-Purysatls. C048
Fortitude lu t.-Am Indians. 14a0
of Martyrs by Nero. 3500
'• Arlans. 4113
Medical t.-Deatli of Chas. II. '171
Overcome by rellulon. 2098
by Persecutors-to Irish P. 13S6
of I'rlsoners-Uurled to neck. 1368
Prolonged t. of martyrs 4133
Testimony by t. -Mexican Emp. 714
CRIJ.SADKRS.
Numerous c-Six niilUons. 'IS'S
Origin of c.-Pt;ter the Hermit •1.170
Sinners for c.-Klr«t rrusado. *51(i3
CRCJSADiCS.
MiscGllanc-ni\» crd.-'s-rffi.TC'nces.
Craze of c.-Sacrlflces. 3411
Credulity of c. 5a50
Loss of ilf3-Two minion. 3338
ci;e.tijre:.
Improvement by c.-Germany.*1377
Miscellaneous cross- references.
Age of c. lost- Arabians. 3783
Moral o.-Plty acquired. 1353
vs. Morallty-Unluii Imposslblt . 3707
Unr alined by c. -Milton's en^niy. 23
See CIVILIZATION, EDUCATION,
AND INTELHUE?;CE
in loc.
CURB.
Imaginary c.-Moh icimedans. ♦1378
Superstlllou? -Ki^ik's evil. *1379
MiacelIaneou,s cr>8.j referencta.
by Falth-Bunyan's wife.
" " -Pascal's uiece.
" " -Monks-False.
Sec MEDiriNE.
Advance In m. -England.
Aversion to m.-Was!'ington.
Discarded m. by Napoleon I.
Soliool of m. -First- Salerno.
8032
3C35
3026
*35S0
•3551
♦3552
'»3553
Confidence In m. -Alexander. 1048
Dangerous m. -Alexander. 5449
See PHYSICIAN.
Empirical p. -Successful. MieS
Mythological p.-.<EsculapIus. '►4169
Bombastic p.-Menecrates.
Intimidated by danger.
Invfution by p.-Pit-iron.
Neglected by Gibbon.
Practice lost by re'Igion.
Quack p. -Charles II.
Sai rilioes of p.-Beaevolence.
Studious p.-Dr. Harvey.
Vanity rebaked-Meaecrates.
See PHYSICIANS.
Commlngling-Death of C. II.
Disagreement of p.-Cbarles II.
Predictions of p.-Fallure.
Quackery punlshed-Cato's.
618
104S
2985
3260
1036
4588
&40
628
5779
♦4170
♦4171
3599
4587
.'<eo KCMKDIE.S.
Nature's r.-Alr, sunshine, etc. 2091
Quack I'. -Superstition. 1883
See REMEDY,
by Force-Chinese. ♦47!j8
Strange r.-vVdill!i«r. ^4769
for the Demonized.
Superstitious r.-Pestllence.
" -Religious.
OVRES.
Fanciful c.-QiKicn Anne.
Fraudulent c -(^ueen Anne
See DU'EASE in l<n\
CURIOSITIES.
IndlEfer nco to c.-Ucn. Grant.^1382
CURIOSI'ifY.
Destructive c.-Kmpcdocles. ♦138:!
1560
54-13
5455
1380
1881
Mlacellaneous crosareferencos.
Absence of c.-Ur. Ilarvcy. 028
Awakens the Intellect-Dlso'v'r's 912
Dangerous o.-Vice. 1171
Dangers of c.-Flood-Legend. 3545
Infatuation of curiosity. 5050
Knowledge by c -Peter the G. 0200
Morbid o.-Executlon -Wm. P. 2885
Solemn c. -Lincoln's remains. 22M
CURRElVCV.
in Sai*;-Abyssinii;r.8. ♦1384
See MONEY inloc.
CUSTOItl.
Reign of c.-Duckliig female p.^1385
Mlflc^llancous orcis-references.
In Eating-English. 1701
" " -Koman. 1702
Law of c. -Hospitality. 2648
Nauseating c.-Use of tobacco. 3368
Power of c. -Irish kings. 719
" " " -Civilization of Inds.904
See FASHION.
Depreciated by f.-ScIence. ^2102
Disregarded-BenJ. Franklin. ♦aiOS
Struggle for French f. ^2104
A\)surdlty of popular f. 419
Discomfort In f. 2184
In Pleacure- Watering-place. 4205
Power of f. -Tobacco-James I. 5634
Unrestrained by law. 1734
face HABIT.
Power of h., Civilization by. ♦2497
Acquired h. of avarice. 425
Confirmed, Licentious h.-J. IL 6222
DisgusUnc h. -Eating. 2183
Hardened by h.-Timour. 1337
Nervous h. -Paring nails. 3807
Prevarication by h.-Chas. II. 6729
See HABITS.
Bondage of h.-Vtce. 6085
" "-.Tames n. 50.54
Healthful h. of J. Wesley. |138
Necessitate amusement. 3295
See MANNERS.
Blunt m.-Dlogenes. ♦3415
Changed-Roraans. ♦3416
Effects of in. -Well-Ill-bred. ♦3417
" ' -Sani'lJohnson. ♦3418
I Neglected Samuel Johnson's. ^3419
Plain m. G. Fox, (Quaker. ^3420
riireflned m.-S Johnson's. ♦3421
Urbane ui. of Charles II. ♦3422
Affected by language. 8138
Awkward and aglle-Shelley. 443
Illunt m. of William III. 4229
Brutal m. -Frederick II. 2651
Chivalrous m. -Black Prince. 23.36
Contrasted-Athenlans vs. L. 3790
Corrupted m. -destroy Rome. 3709
Deceptive m. -Sunderland. 2t)C7
Demoralized by bad philos'phy.4IU4
Eccentric ni. -Samuel Johnson. 2310
" 2311
Endangered by wealth. 3654
too Familiar m.-J. Hogg. 2061
Imitation of m.-J. Hogg. 2061
Plain m. Mrs. Pres't Jackson. 6215
Simplicity of m. -Mother of W. 2786
Training in m. -Effective. 8070
Unrefined ra. of Cromwell. 202
Unrestrained m. -Perilous. 2062
See rSAOE.
not Law, Ecclesiastical. ♦5754
DAMAGES.
.MiscolUiieoua cross references.
Excessive d. for defam't'n J. II. 1487
Scale of d.-Personal. 2807
See INJURIES.
Forgetful of i.-C«sar. ^2805
Redressing 1. -Knights. ♦2860
Reparation for I. -Laws. ♦2807
" " -Romans. ♦2868
Sensitiveness to i. -Voltaire. ^2869
41
5r
Reparation for official l.-S. H.
Unresented by Bisliop Ken.
See INJURY.
Mutual l.-Chas. I. and Rud^x [.♦2870
Insult added to l.-Arabs. 2896
" " " "-Barbarians. 250
Unrevenged-Lycurgus. 3264
See WRONG in loo.
DANCING.
Ceremonious d.-Am. Indians. ♦1386
Delight In d.-Eng.-lOth cent. ♦1387
Mystic d. of West Indians. ♦1388
Opposed to d.-Eng. Puritans. ♦1389
Lascivious d. of idoiaters-R.
See AMUSEMENTS in luc
2085
DANGER.
Contempt for d.-Wm. the Red.^1390
Needless-Nelson's medals. ♦1391
Unconsciousness of d.-Chas. I.*!392
Mibcellaiicoua cross-references.
Avoided-Shame of general. 1269
Courting d.-Napoleon. 647
Cross protects from d.-Lab'r'm.l318
Defiant of d.-Wm. II.-Kings, etc.649
Disregarded in amusement. 3520
Enthusiasm amid d. 1247
Fear of d. overcome by love. 115
Indifferent to d.-Welllngton. 8030
Insensibility to d.-Charles XII. 1S40
dahivNess--i)?:atii.
80!>
MaKntfied by foar-Army.
Keedlesig exposuru tu d.
Ovoroome by union.
Patriotism arousod by d.-En(?.
Protootloii from d.-i'olumbus.
Providence protucts Wash.
Undoterrod by d. -Luther to W.
Unlntlmidated by d. -Socrates.
Unity, d. brlni?s-S«o^8.
WaruluB of d.-Ulchard I.
See ALAKM.
Needloss-Pertlnax madd emp.
lieligiuus a. of L<ith)-i'.
5()HS
40«0
1853
3274
1241
700
42C3
5947
♦165
•lUO
of Oonsclenco-B. Abbott. 1109
Messenger of a. -Paul Revere. 5881
Nations In a. of Napoleon. 4199
Quieted by Scripture. 10H7
Religion pi omoted by a.-Luther58Cl
Superstitious a.-Kuropeans. 5439
Unexpected a.-Romo-Geeso. 19C1
by Vlslon-Brutus. 5840
See PERIL.
Familiar p. forgotten. *4110
Pleasure In p.~Wm. P. of O. *4111
Alarming p. -Spanish Armada.
Escape from p. by boldness.
Fearless of p,-Wm. P. of O.
Fictitious p. -Popish plot.
Pleasure in p., Boyish.
Unconscious p. -Captain Cook.
Unity by common p.
See PEIULS.
in Primitive llfe-Ueorge V/ash
Personal p. of Capt. J. Smith.
Unexpected p.-Bombardm't-S
See RISK.
Assumed by Alex's physician.
See VENTURE.
Instructive v. of Frrnks.
3801
5817
3033
4213
2122
1519
5750
70
80
. 402
1048
*5795
Heroic-Sherman's march to the 8.70
DARKNESS.
a Convenienco-Cohimbus. 'l.sga
Feared-London d. in doytlme. •1394
See ECLIPSE.
Alarm from e., Superstitious. 5-145
" " " 5459
See NIOIIT.
Activity at n.-Afrlcans. ♦381G
Desire forn. at Waterloo. *3817
False alarm at disturbance-P.
of Terror-L^^idon panic.
Work -Johnson writes all n.
DAVOHTER.
Mi.sce!I;ineo\i3 cros-s-referencca.
Appreciative d. -Cromwell's.
Expelled for piety-Bosanquet.
Obedient to p. In marriage.
Pleadings of d. for Pardon.
Revenge of d. -Murderer.
Unappreciated In China.
See CHILD in loc.
BAYS.
Inauspicious d.-' !ack day-R. *1395
Observed by Samuel John8on.*1396
105
3983
401
1200
16G3
123
3998
0050
1035
THE DEAD.
Charity for the d.-Agesllau». »1397
ConsclouTiess of tlie d.-Am. I. ♦1398
Respected in speech-Solon's l.^lSiM)
Unburled-l'arsees In Indli.. ♦HOO
MlHcelluncouH croas refLTfiices.
Apparition of the d. U. Miller. 9«U
Charity for the d., Bollngbrokc's.777
Consciousness of the d.-Ind's. 1398
Denounced-Comraodus.
Fear of tlie d. in Slam.
" " " -Tyrant.
Forgiveness for the d.-Nap.
Honored-Webster by Stevens.
-Undcservlng-Andro.
Honors for tlio d. -Constantino.
Intimidated by the d.-Nap.
Rarap.irt of d. bodies by Ca'sar.
2810
235,-)
28-10
2198
703
201(1
2h;«
2h;i9
, GOO
Cross-reference.
Luoky d., Belief in.
3361
RiMuembranco of dead mother-C. 1 1
i{espeoted -Sepulture. 48M2
Services of the d. forgotten. 28.">1
Vengeance on the d. bodies. 25,'j8
DEATH.
Admirable d. -Mahomet's. *M01
Apprehension of d. by Cwsiir. ♦1102
by Attrltlon-Saniuel Johnson. ♦I 103
Banquet of d. -Caesar in Africa. ♦1101
" " "-Antony-Sulcldi!.*MOn
Bravado toward d.-Dukeof <;.*lioo
Bravery In d.-Lord Strafford. *M07
Bribery of d. by riches-Card. B.*l 108
Choice in d.-Sudden l)yCa)sar.*ll09
Companions in d.-Chlnose E. ^14 10
" "-Am. Indians^Mll
Composure In d.-Duke of M. *1 112
Conquered by persuasion of 1. ♦I 113
" " Sir H. Vane. *1411
Conquers Wm. theConqueror.^MlS
Coutemptof d. by So'ndin'v'ns^l41«
*U17
Cowardly d. of Nero. ♦1418
Deceived In d. by friends-II.V.^1419
Deception in d.-Chas. Il.and P.^1420
Defiant in d.-Charles XII. ^1421
Encouragement in d.-"God 1."^142J
Fearof d.- SamuelJohnson's. ♦142;^
" " "-Tlie Druids. '1424
Feast of d.-Aniei lean Indians. ♦142.'>
Fortitude In d.-Am. Indians. ♦142G
Honorable d.-Bunyau's. ^1427
Impassioned at d. of friend. A.^1428
Information of d.-S. Johnson. ♦1429
Patriotic d. of Capt. N. Hale. ♦14'!0
Permitted by Mahomet. *U:n
Prayer in d. -Mahomet's. ^1432
" " -Luther's. ^1433
" " " -Cromwell's. ♦14.i4
Preparation for d. -German b. ♦143.)
" "-Mahomet'8.^1136
" " -Johnson's. ♦14.'i7
" " " -Capt. of C. ♦U.^S
Reflections in d.-Card.Wolsey.^l439
Results of d. to Christiann-A. ^1440
Sayings in d.-Slr Henry Vane. ^1441
a Seeming-Swedenborg's com.^1442
Self evoked-Marius. ^1443
.Strength ford. -Cromwell. ^1444
Study in d. -Explorer B. ^1445
Substitutional d.-MllUary p. *1446
Sudden d. of Geo. Washington. *1447
Testimony in d.-Lord M'ntr'se.*1448
Thoughts In d.-" France, a. J."+l 1 19
of " -3. Johnson. ♦ll.W
TranriuiUlty in d.-Socrates. ♦14,')1
-"S.J." ♦rr.3
Triumph In d.-Gen.Wolfe-Q. ♦M,V2
liy Violence-Roman emperors. ♦14."i4
Welcomed In defeat-Gen. M. ^1455
of the Wl(,'kt;d-A.'s "carcass." ♦U.'iO
MlBci'llaneoiiH eruss-rcfiTrncps.
.•\ccldental escape Tlios. I'alnc. .30
.Esthetlcal d. of Runiaimlad'rs. 102
Amusement uncliec kcd by d. WHS
Anticipation of d. -Southey. .WO
Apprehended brings a throne. 1C5
Apprehension of d. by (Jen. A. J. 105
Associations In d. -London T.
Bloody (I. deserved-Rlcthard ' ■
Bravery In d. "i..
" "Col. McCullou, ';ii
Bribery of d. -Beaufort. , ; '"
Cares of office hasten d. 2(i2l
Caused by lovo of Jotingon. .3.'M9
Choice In d. Gladiators. 12:i5
Coincidence in d.-.-\daras-JefI. '.i''>S
Comfort In d.-Rclli)ctions. 4105
" " -Martyr. 4130
Companions In d. by Imrlal of 1. 081
Confession of crime In d. lOHl
c;oncealed from friends. 2501
Conquered-l''ear of d. . 2111
Conversion at d.-Sudden. 4772
Counsel In d. -Louis XIV. 1219
Day of d., Fit- Adams and Jeff. %8
by Dcbauchery-Dionyslus. 4411
Desii-cd-Christlan hope. 20:i9
Disiippointnient causes d. 1C()3
DL-'grace in d. -Tyrant's. l.S.')7
vs. Disgrace, Choke of d. G057
Dishonorable d. -Boniface VIII. 700
of Enemy, Satisfaction in d. 4809
Equality In d.-Egypthm rites. a2,'')2
Escape from d. by arrest. 3031
E.Kposes character-Charles II. 906
Family changes by d.-H. Davy. 86
Fear of d. -Profligate. 3210
" " " overcome-Huss. 1904
" " " -Johnson. 3046
-Recantation. 1249
" " " Unmanned by-Nero. 1270
Fearless in d. -Young Cov n'nter.G,")0
" of " -Canonohet. 5301
by Fight or flight-Normans. 1928
Fighting in d. -Persians. 2129
Gratllicatlon in d. -Blake. 4841
Heroic d. -General Bayard. 2666
Honesty In d.-Chas. II. a Cathollc.l3
Honorable d. -Wounds in front. 61V3
HopeIess-"Death an eternal 8." 840
Impending d.-Charles II. 4989
Influence survives d.-C. 2838
Instrument of d.. Remote. 3810
Invited by disregard for health. 429
Jesus sought in d.-Joan of Arc. 4137
Last words In d.-J. Q. Adams. 3259
" prayer In d.-Ode on Death.3,342
from Miasma of ill-drainage. 1041
by Necromancy-Superstition. 3804
Noble endeavors in d.-Moluc. 2561
Obedience unto d. -Fanatics.
i
\
I
M
.'3 *
810
I)Ei3ATE-I)Eirr.
Aiijjulsh of b -Self destroylnR-R.orS
of Chikirmi better than rulii of c. T!>1
Comfort in b.-Johnson. r)3ia
Consolation in b.~" (Jod lives." 1-132
" " " Mohammedan. mos
with Financial ruin of W. Scott. 94
(Jrief In h. of a mother-Sertorius.113
" punished with death. 8881
" of Jefferson, Conjuffal. 8486
Uu.sband's b.-Gcn. .Jackson.
vs. Living sorrow.
Madness by b. -Alexander.
Melancholy from b.-Cowper.
of Mother-(;nef-Solitude.
MournlnK in b. -Graded.
Keliglon by b.-A. Lincoln.
Hepeated-WashinKioii Irvlnpf.
Shook of b.~\Villiam III.
Sorrow of b. -President Jack.son.10.5
Sorrows of b.-Froderlck IL .3633
Treasures in b. -Walter Scott's. Ill
See CORPSE.
Dangerous c. -Napoleon's.
Revenge on c. of Conctni.
" " " Ignoble.
Sleeping In room with c.
6086
5207
1428
2601
r)2.''.!)
3736
829
3351
007T
2839
4850
4851
6807
Obduracy In d -Infldel Ferrers. 85:10
overwhelmed by d.-flO.OOO-O inln.731
I'dreutal anxitity in d.-Uurns's f.846
PatrlotUiu la d.-Pltt. 4040
" " -Hampden. 4041
Power departs at d. 4-151
I'rayer iu d., Brief. 4375
'■ " -SatnuoIJohnson. 4377
Preparation for d.-l{eparution.3()45 !
Hetlectlonsind.-Card.Wolsey. 4^14 I
'• " Comforting. 2395 I
Ropentancein d.-\Vlllliim 11. lOUI i
Rushing into d.-King John. 15-14
Satisfaction In d. -Soldier's. 652
by Self-destruotlon Chinese. 1960
Self-exposure to d. -Howard. 4430
" " " -Napoleon. 647
Submission to d.-CiCiar. 371
Sudden d. of mocker. 4806
" " by pestilcnci". 4158
Superstition at d. by lightning. 3299
"Survlvalof the lltlest"-S. J. 811
In a Tenipest-Cromwcll. 965
Teatiinony for religion In d. 4711
Toiiiug till d.-Bieda. 0150
vs. Treasures-Incas of Peru. 1176
Trihe brings d. -Touch-Pariah. 3537
Triumphant d.-Martyr's. 2098
Unlntimidated by d. -Martyr. 41 13
Unmanned by fear of d. 21 10
of Unprepared men, Sad d. 5925
luterrlfled-Lord Raleigh. 1244
Intlmely d.-lieats-Hyron S. 2323
Vengeance in d. of tyrant. ]3.')7
or Victory, Devoted to d. 1513
See HKRKAVEMKXT.
Comfort in b -Cromwell'.'^. *.')55
Depression by b.-Southey. *5.')6
Distress of b.-.\. Lincoln. *557
Fictitious b. -Queen Abne. *558
Forgetting b. -Johnson's r. *559
Memory of b. -Wordsworth. *560
Tears of b. -Daniel Webster. ♦561
Weakness in b. -James Watt. *562
Hoe EX'I'EK.MI.NATION.
War of e. -queen Anne's.
by I'ersocutlou-Alblgenses.
of Soldlers-Nervli-Manbeugo.
See .MASSACUK.
Brutal m. by Tlmour.
Kvldence-m. of Crusaders.
(Jenoral m. In war.
Immense m. -70,000 Romans.
by Mob In Paris.
of Patriots at Boston.
Prevented at Jamestown, Va.
Punished by m.-War.
by Treachery-Thessalonlca.
Wholesale m. -800,000 people.
♦1999
112.3
2130
♦5214
♦,3513
*T)U
♦3515
♦3516
♦3517
♦3518
♦3519
♦,3520
♦3521
Brutal m. of Caracalla. 1833
of Captives by Franks. 1334
" Christlan8-90,000 by Cho3roe8.334
Depopulated by ni. -Bagdad. 1307
Drink causes m. -Indians. 2940
Immense m. by Tlmour. 589-1
Immense m. by Canar. .M81
Inconsiderate m. by Scytliians. 1,349
Indignation expres-aed-Crom 4539
Inhuman m. of workmen-Alaric.087
" -Altlla. 088
by Law-Lacedajmonlan slavt s. 1365
" Persecutors-Catholics vs. Pw4123
" " -Ireland-C. Ts. P 4132
Prevented by Informer. 1000
of Protestants-Duke of Uulse. 508
-Com. by Plus V. 588
Religious m. by Crusaders. 4705
" of prisoners. 1300
" -Latins by Greeks.1303
Small beginning of-"S.Vo-sper8." 29
Terrible ni.-"Sioillan Vespers." 1310
UnprovoUed-Jews by A. 6166
In War-Wallenstcln. 5884
" " -Paris, A.n. 1418. .5885
See MASSACRES.
Rcliglous-Frencli Revolution. ♦3532
See ORPHAN.
Successful o.-A. Hamilton. 185
See ORPHANS.
Adopted by the State-Soldiers'. 58
Hardships of o. apprentices. 798
See POISON.
Slow p.-Thomas Overbury. ♦4226
Well applled-Cai.sar Borgia. ^4225
for Poison-Rosamond.
1392
Prei)ared for sul(Mde.
3632
Warning of p.-Alexander.
1048
See I'OISONINO.
Protected by p. -Nero.
1347
Punished by boiling.
1339
Unprotected from p. -Antony
1515
See POISONS.
Study of p.-cluopatra.
♦4227
.See ShAPCiltTER.
Barbarous s.-58 000 Carthag's.
♦5180
Exterminating s. of Germans.
'.M81
Authorized by Jesuits. 1082
In Battle-Asians. 308
" " -100.000 at Fontenay. 930
See WIDOW.
Benevolent w. punished. 656
Noble son of a w -G, Wash. 0198
.See WIDOWER.
Foolish third marrlage-Mllton. 87,33
! llasry nnirrlage of w. 8481
.Many tlmt-s-Twenly-two w. 6038
' Marriage of young wife by w. 3441
! " " w.-Ill-niated. 3161
j Second marriage approved. 348a
I See WIDOWHOOD.
1 Consolation offered In w.-N. *6908
See E.X'ECI'TION, MITRDEU and
i SUICIDE in luc.
I DKBATE.
Personality in d-S. Johnson. *U57
I See DISCUSSION.
Agreement in d. nec'y-chas. II. .3911
Candor In d. -Ecclesiastical. 705
I Imporianco of d. -Stamp Act. 3194
I Repressed by (Jov't-Reiiglous. 573
Suppressed-Authors punished. 8040
Sec DISCUSSIONS.
Foolish d. -Pericles-" Dead h." 8170
Unprofitable, Verbal d.-Stolc8. 1294
See REASONINO.
Abandoned for action. 1480
See CONTROVERSY in foe.
DKBAITOHKItY.
Royal d. of Catherine II. of R.^1458
MIscclluneouH cross-rcferciiceB,
Concealed, Wife's d. 6064
-Faustina. 1075
Death by d.-Dloayslus. 4411
Devoted to d. -Bacchus-Rome. 1038
Period of general d.-Alexander.4190
Prolonged d.-Uionyslus. 2942
Unmanned by d. -Alexander. 1428
See LICENTIOUSNESS in loc
DEBT.
Imprisonment for d. In Eng. ♦1459
Security for d.-Sir W. Scott. ♦UOO
by War of American Rev. ^1401
Arrested for d. -Charles IV. 43.53
Cancelled by murder of Jews. 4178
Division by d. -American States.1987
Imprisonment for d. -England. 4289
" " " 4299
2125
Increa.-ie of d. by extortion of J. 712
Overwhelmed by d.-8lr W. Scott. 91
Relieved by marrlage-Clcero. 3464
-Byron. 3405
Son pawned for d. 4354
See RANKRUPTCY.
Predicted-National-Uritlsh. ^451
Courage In b.-SIr Walter Scott. 93
See CREDITORS.
Merciless c. exposed. 18.55
Oppre.-slon of c. -Infanticide. 2410
Restrained by law. 5759
See DEBTS.
Discouraged-Laws of Amasls.^Hoa
Dishonest d. -Precedence of. ♦UOS
Prevented-Solou's law. ♦1464
Punishment for d. -Insolvent. ♦1465
Scaled by the Virginia Colony. *1406
Small d. -Samuel Johnson. ♦1467
Due In future life,
of Honor-Gambler's d.
8258
8614
3732
0038
3441
3451
348!)
2170
12«4
1480
6064
1675
4411
>. 1088
3r.419(i
294','
1428
oc-
Reqalre economy-Wrn. Peiin. 1767
Sunpenslon of all (i. ll.Vi
Trivial d. unpalil-H. Johnson. 3324
See INSOLVENCY.
Governmentul l.-Clms. II. 'SSOa
RefuKC In l.-London. 120'J
See LOAN.
Hopelesa 1. to SumuulJohnaou.*3324
Uefosed by friend. S234
See USURY.
Inevltoble-Rome. *5757
Law of u. -Romans. ♦5758
-Luciullus. *575a
Laws against u. In Kngland. •5760
DKBCJT.
(!ro99-rerereiicc.
UnsQccesfiful d. -Disraeli. 4.'')51
See BEOINNINd.
Bi.soourafrement at the b. ♦.'KM
Pious b. -Great Reformation. ♦SOS
Small b.-Am. Revolution. ♦SOO
" " -Roman Revolution. ♦.'507
" " -" Massacre of Vassy." ♦508
Bad b -Success after. 2023
Ceremony at b -a Clly-Anclents. 807
Defeat at b.-Sucoess after. 2024
Failure at the b.-Demosthenes. 2021
Hesitation at the b -Mahomet. 876
Uumble b.-Yale College. 1783
Vnpromislnf: b. In the ministry. 1800
DECEIT.
Temptation to d -Mahomet's. *1468
Timely d.-Perslan prince. ♦1409
Miscellaneous croas-rcferencea.
Lawyers Imprisoned for d. 3168
vs. Deceit-Harold II. 3810
In Diplomacy-English. 17.')2
" -Napoleon. 3850
DECEITFVLNESS.
Desoribed-Lora lii'i'adiilbane. ♦1470
nRCEIVER.
Deceived ird Rochester. ♦U?!
Crosa-rnferencc.
Decelved-Lord Sunderland.
2967
DECENCY.
Regard : ■ d.-YouiiR Newton. ♦I 172
ee MODESTY.
ConsplcU( ;-Benj. Franklin. ♦3647
of Genius- 1 ao Newton. ♦3048
Hero's m.-(. ribaldl. ♦3640
Unopiwsed .lohn Howard. *30.50
Blushinf? y. m. hated. 6178
of Genlus-Soc rates. 3503
Heroic m. of Charles XII. 1970
Importance of ra.-Cato and M. 107
Noble m. of Isaac Newton. 1631
DECEPTION.
Betrays itself-Gulse of Rich. I. •1473
Day of d.-" Dupe'8-day." ^1474
Ju.stlfled by Jesuits. ^1475
Pleasing d.-" Sugar-coated." •1476
Punlshed-Dem'sth'nes bribed. *1477
of Self-Roman senators and o.^l478
8npergtltloasd.-"Saored F." ♦1479
DEBUT— DECEI'TION.
MlHOvlluiiuotia croHH-ri'feruitcea.
In Appearances-Phllopa'men's. 2.')S
" " -(). ('romwell's. 2U0
" " Indians to C'l'nlsts. 30
" " -In Ilereavement. 5.')8
Aroused by d. -Anger. l.')87
Artful d. of Cotton Mather. 1507
by Audaolty-Napoleon. 393
In .Vvarlce-Henry VII. 4.30
by Brief acquaintance-Havages. .30
of Conscience- Assassins. 1478
Contagious d. Shelley's friends. 2738
1 120
1919
1020
020
1471
2.'JH6
4213
27.'i7
29.38
1023
6353
1005
1419
4410
3621
5100
5101
5348
2353
5304
1921
3195
6012
4858
Death bed d. -Charles II.
by Equivocation-James II.
" Evasion-Johnson.
In FInance-IiOuls XIV.
by Flattery-Rochester.
" Uoax-Wiiliam Irving's d.
Huge d. -Titus Gates,
by Imagination.
In Intemperance.
JustlQable d. of assassins.
Necessary d. by Columbus.
Painful-" Land I Land 1"
by Physicians of Henry V.
" Vrejudlce-Steamengliit'.
Preserved byd. -Pagan temple.
of Senses-Donatlso's doctrine
" -Eleatlcs.
by Self-mutllatlon-War.
Spirits of the departed.
Successful d. -Spies,
by Vastness-Dlscovory.
In War-Decoy letter.
" Wlno-Samuel Johnscn.
Woman's d.-Antonliia.
See Al'l'AUrriON.
Belief in a.-8amuel Johnson.
False a.-" Three knights."
Fancied ix. of Theseus.
Cross-refercncei.
of the Dead-H. Miller.
Startling a.-" Evil genius."
.See BETRAYAL.
Unintentional b. -Missionary.
See OHAR.M.
Protecting c. -Thunder and 1.
" " -AgnuM Dei.
Sec COUNTERFEIT.
Preserved by a ('.-"Sacred b."
Relics-Manufactured by an A,
Signature-Consul Antony.
of Ambition-" What then?"
" " -Maximus.
by Depreciation-Reformation.
Financial d.-John Law.
by Forgery-Wm. P. of Grange.
' Gold-seekera-California.
' " " -Jamestown.
" " -Londoners.
" " -Spaniards.
811
Liberty ad. -Romans. .3215
Popular d. -Civil War. 1985
" " -Crusaders. 2095
" -De Soto's oxp'ditl'n. 1986
1187
5771
1981
" " -Joan of Arc.
by Trifles-lndians-'l'rlnkets.
Visionary d. of gold seekers.
See DEMAdOOUE.
Changeful d.-Ilucklngham.
Class-Itome-Votts.
First d.-MeiK'sthcus.
Marks of the <i
♦256
♦255
969
1120
33S1
♦782
♦783
♦1225
♦1220
*I227
2001
Imposed upon (ioldsmitii.
See DELUSION.
Disastrous d. of Cms adiM-s. ^1520
Optical d.-Isiand seen by C. ♦1,521
Political d.-Stamp tax. ^1522
1071
183
1,')35
2134
2194
of Geidus-Newton an alchemist. 814
2392
2;j88
2807
2;189
2390
2735
♦1.-.24
♦1.52.-)
♦!.5','6
♦1527
Business with d.-1'olillcs a. d.
Dangerous d.-K. Ferguson.
Guided by sagacity. -England.
Rule of a d. -Augustus.
Shameless d. -Catiline.
Subdued by tiiieatenliigs-G. G. 10
Sc Disouisi:.
Hetrayed d.-cxCiueeii .Mary.
Clerical d.-John Bun>un.
Dangerous d.-Longclmmp.
I)etected-(,'laudius Pulchor.
Difficult d. -Flight of Charles I. ♦16.53
Successful d.-Emp. Majorlan. ♦1054
4214
4250
4274
4256
392
*10IO
♦10,50
♦1051
•10,52
Difficult d. Richard I. 1 173
for Evil deeds-l'olitic.s-Brlbery. 002
Ineffective d. -Richard II. 4614
" -Jeffreys. 4843
In Masquerade-Deadly. .'1512
of PatrlcUs-Itoston Tea Party. 3520
Penetrated by Joan of Arc. 2M95
Perilous d. of martyrs. 3,509
Personal-Suocessf ul-Charles II. .391 1
Religious d. of Jesuits. 3012
Successful-Alfred the Great. 5S2I)
Wife disguised in man's dress. 31Ki
See DISSKMHLINIJ.
Successful d. of Faustina. •1075
Unsuccessful d. of Charles I. ^1070
of Melancholy- Young.
loro
in Speet^h Romans.
5202
See DISSIMULATION.
Dangers of d. -Charles I.
♦lorr
Politic d. of courtiers.
♦lors
Political d. -Newcastle.
♦loro
" -Turks.
♦IIWO
Heligious d.- Emjieror Julian.
♦1(')S1
Ifoyal d. George III.
♦1082
See DUPES.
Day of d.-Frnnce.
1474
Undecelved-Iiuined.
22 M
SeeDUI'LiriTY.
National d. Queen Anne.
♦17.52
Religious d.-Sclater.
4700
Shameful d. North.
;«■«)
Shameless in d.-Leo X.
42.'^"
Success by d. -Louis XI.
5;)01
See ENCHANTMENT.
Boyi.sh e. -David Crockett.
034
" " in books Irving.
626
Personal e. by Mahomet.
2121
See EVASION.
Deceitful e.-Samuel Johnson.
♦1920
Legal e. -Reversing the tablet
.♦1930
f: i
by Absence-Cicero. 2056
Clerical-Conscience act. 2.533
812
DECISION.
Ir I
ii> ; !•■
(^uiifuHMlou by oongtruotion.
Dl8huiiorablo o.-(,'harle8 II.
Sop FAL.SEIIOOD.
Confirmed In f.-t buries I.
Oovernniental f.-Napoleon I.
(iruwth of f. by (;arcle8BDe8B.
JustlQed by Jusults.
" " Souuiel Johnson.
Diplomacy of f.-EHzabeth.
by Lylnir.-ipIrlts-SwedenborK.
Pious f. of loyalty,
vs. Trutb-Samuel Jobnson.
See KLATTKHY.
Artful t. of captive Zenobla.
Fal8e f. of Henry VIlI.
Fulsome f. of James I.
IrrltatliiK f. of Krode'-lck the Q.
Kcsented by Alexander.
Kewarded, Excessive f.
Deception by f.-Uochester.
Develops sorvitude-Uomans.
Embarrassment by f.-Ca'sar.
for Favor-Voltairo.
Fulsome f. of Charles I.
Wealth by f.-LeRacles.
of Woman's beauty-Elizabeth,
Sei' FRAUD.
Gljcantlc f.-S. Sea scheme.
Governmental f.-Charles II.
Suspicions of f.-Flrst cable,
in Trade-" Honest Leather."
Alarming f.-Forgery.
" Departed spirit."
Exposed-Antony's f.
Fisliermcn's f.-Antony.
Liviiitj by f. -Beggars.
Ueligious f.
Images.
•Weeping virgin.
Grecian oracle.
Holy lance.
Kelics.
Spiritualistic f.-" Knoclc."
See (JIIOST.
an Improvised g.
See GHOSTS.
Belief in g.-Samuel Johnson.
Fear of g.-the Siamese.
See HALU'CINATION.
Realistic h. -Luther-Devil.
4118
5720
*1!041
•2013
*i!(M3
♦acMJ
*8(M5
l.WO
5311
1348
6722
♦2152
♦2153
♦2151
*21.')5
♦215(1
♦2157
1171
305
2057
2825
eo
5971
2684
♦2214
♦2215
♦2216
♦2817
1542
2353
2149
2149
5703
1282
3020
3946
4067
4008
4609
4670
4671
4672
4673
4674
4675
4078
3555
3353
♦23&1
♦2355
♦2506
Enthusiast's h.-Joan of Arc. 8384
See INFATUATION.
Destructive 1. of Nero. ♦2819
of Pride-James II. *2830
of Curioslty-Pliny. 5050
Inventor's l.-Arkwright. 5168
of Love-Page of Mary Stuart. 3343
Political l.-tlames II. 8;«8
Popular 1. -Conquest of Plorlda. 75
of War-Charles XII. 1239
See maok;.
Belief In m.-Columbus.
*;)378
Printing a work of m. 440.')
of Science working wonders. 5051
See .MISTAKE.
Encouraging m.-Columbus. ♦3045
Alarming m. -Omen-Duke Wm
Blundering m.-(Jold8mitb.
in KollKlon-" Take blessing b."
Uldlculous m.-Cato'8.
by Magnitude-Columbus.
Uldlculous m. of Aristotle.
.See PHANTOM.
Alarmed by p.-Theodoric.
Pursued by p.-MurderiT.
Sec SHAMS.
Military s.-Am. Revolution.
31
(109
001
1011
3045
0010
1115
11U8
♦5180
1,100
Rldlcuied-AfTectatlon.
See SOKCEKY.
Condemned England, yr. 144O.^5304
Fear of s.-Joan of Arc. ♦.5205
Punished by Henry VI. ♦6860
Belief In s. -Romans,
vs. Dlsciplliif-Uusslans.
Work of s.-Joan of Arc.
See SPECTRE.
Terrifying s.-Brutus's vision.
See TREACHERY.
Base t.-Phllip VI.
Consummate t.-Charles II.
Gold for t.-Benedict Arnold.
Message of t.-Emp. Alexander.
1884
1493
2894
58-16
♦5690
♦5091
♦5692
♦5093
Conquest by t.-Sextus over G
in Court-Criminal.
Diplomatic t. -English.
Dlsgulsed-Cresar's assassins.
-Friendship,
of Friend-Brutus vs. Crosar.
" " -Francis Bacon.
Friendship's t.-Dick Talbot.
Infamous t.-Am. Revolution.
" " -Pausanlas.
Ingrate's t. -Burton.
Massacre by t.
National t. -England to France. 9H0
Office by t.-Eteocles. iiHSi
Offlolal t. to Columbus.
Proof against t.-Belisarlus.
" " -Patriot.
Proposal of t. rebuked.
Proverbial-" Word of a king."
Shameful t.-AgathocIes.
Thwarted by exposure.
Umpire's t. -Edward I.
See VISION.
Fanciful v.-Phantom city. ♦5845
Horriblo v.-Marous Brutus. ♦5846
Spiritual v.-Swedenborg. ^5847
of War-Hannibal. ♦.5848
48
5833
1752
1478
2243
8852
8857
3202
1130
3724
8850
♦,3580
♦3900
8128
401)8
4075
8041
1538
3518
5746
Auspicious V.-" Holy Lance." 4007
Child's V. of future-Cromwell. 8474
of Conqueror-Solyman. 2.5(i2
" the Cross by Constantine. 1320
Delusive optical v.-('anaries. 1581
Fanatics v.-" Plough the e." 1003
Faith's V. of the cross. 1175
of Genius-Columbus. 8,144
" God-American Indians. 8383
Illusive v.-Blalse Pascal. 2741
by Iniaglnatlon-Bunyan. 8733
Instructed by v. -Constantine. 5440
of Invisible guldo-C'nstantlne's.2493
Prompted by v.-P. Cooper's f. 4407
Kemarkable v. vorlfled-8. 915
of .Saints-Joan of Arc. 2384
Startling v.-Poot Shelley. 2736
" " " 2738
Timely v. of Mahomet. 055
of Wealth, Deceptive. 5085
Woman transformed In v. 6106
See WITCH,
a Suspected w.-Esqulmo. ♦6023
Burned as a w.-Joan of Are. 1726
Cured by flogglng-Salem. 845
Suspected w. -Duchess of Orl'ns.3518
" w. -(Quakers. 4129
See IMI'OSITIOX in loc.
DECISION.
Final d. -Rubicon,
li If (I
Lacking d. -Charles I.
♦1480
♦1481
♦1482
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Hastened d.-Peace or war.
Lacking d. -Charles II.
See (.;II()ICE.
of Both by Lysander.
Manifested by Plzarro.
Necessary-My head or king's.
Painful c.-Death of Strafiford.
rma
2751
♦819
♦820
♦821
♦828
Difficult c. -which Child to save. 117
Necessary o.-(,'harles I. 416
of Llfe-Youthtimc. ,3854
Painful c. -Charge or be charged. 71
" "-Clotilda. 1&16
of Paradise or Perdition. 0141
Politician's c.-Ch. vs. Vote. 3874
'1 hirst vs. Royalty. 59,52
Unhappy c. -Money or teetli. 2001
See DETERMINATION.
Asscrted-"Sword shall give lt."^1.5,")5
Emphatijd.-"Stonemybairt."^l,5,-0
Fixed-Joan of Arc. ♦IKi?
Obstinate d. -Scotch Presb's. ♦1.55f»
Strange d.-Joan of Arc. ♦15,'J9
for Succes8-"Wln his spurs." ♦15C0
Want of d.-Phlllp of France. ♦ISCl
Youthful d.-Alciblades. ♦1508
Bold d. -Napoleon at Lodl. 2752
Expressed by Juryman. 3049
Inventor's d.-John Fitch. 2990
Success of young A. Hamilton. 185
Sec DILEMMA.
Decided by Marcla. ♦1591
Painful d.-Church vs. State.
Ruin Inevitable.
Unavoidable d. -Extortion.
See RESOLUTION.
Success by r.-Am. patriots.
Moral r. of Luther.
Success by r. -Fremont.
Unsurpassed in r.-Plzarro.
Weakness In r., Moral.
4118
4955
2003
♦4816
1092
1060
1008
5054
DECORUM— 1)EFIAN( 'E,
813
See VACILLATION.
Political V.-" BobbliiK John." 769
See KICKLKNKSS in loc.
DECORUin.
In Dobate-Amerlcun Indians. *1488
Ministerial d. -8. Johnson. *t484
See DECENCY and DIGNITY
IM loo.
DKDICATIOn.
Changed-Blblla I'olyKlotta.
True d.-Uell>?lou8-Churoh.
*1485
♦1486
MlacellancouB eross-rcfcrencei).
to God-KnlKhts. 1131
" " -John Wesley. 1122
Indifferent d. of temple. 6150
See CONSECRATION.
for Confllct-KnlKhts. ♦1121
without Fulth-John Wesley. ♦1122
Ceremony of c.-KiilKhts.
for Conquest-Qreolan Youth,
of Spoils, Pious c.-AuroIlan.
" " to benevolence,
for War-Janlzarles
See DEFAMATION.
Punlshed-Titus Dates.
See DEVOTION.
Absolute Mohammedan d.
Commendable d. of St. Amb.
Entire d. of Bp. Thomas Coke.
Ministerial d. of Thomas Lee.
Self-sacriflclnK d.-Bellsarius.
8086
6170
5316
539
S255
♦1487
♦1568
*15C9
♦1570
♦LWl
♦1572
3843
3898
2567
374
2486
2109
2675
3998
Absolute d. of life.
to Amusement-Angelus.
" Banner-Mohammedan.
Blind d. of Persian assassins.
Conjugal d. -Jefferson.
Entire d.-Soldler's-Peyton.
External d. to the pope.
Filial a. -Seeking pardon.
Friendship's d. to Wm. P. of O. 2223
" in Battle. 2227
" " at St. Helena. 22.30
" " -Serg. Hubert. 2839
to God's work-Lutlier. 2229
" Liberty-Lafayette. 2225
of Life-Fanatics. 8843
" " to others-Spartans. 4045
Mlsapplled-Wolsoy. 1439
Reward of d.-Garlbaldl's. 4042
Secret of d. -Money. 2705
Servant's d. to mistress. 5120
of Soldiers-Swedes to Chas.XII. J239
Soldiers' d. to standards. 3838
to Study-Young Napoleon. 5.375
Terrible oath of d. by gladiators. 102
of Wife-Lafayette's. 4318
" Woman-H. Wentworth. 2516
" -Mrs. Unwln. 2883
to Women-Knights. 2866
See SLANDER in loc.
DEFEAT.
Beginning with d. -Lincoln. ^1488
Brilliant d.-Napoleon-W. ♦1489
Concealed d. -Samuel Johnson^l490
Difficult d.-Ca?sar. ♦1491
Inspiring d -Bunker Hill. ♦1493
Instruction by d.-Peter the G. ♦1493
Moftlfloatic I of d. -Montcalm. ^1404
OTerwhelrainK d. -Moscow. ♦MOS
Service of d.-Bull Hun. *UW
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Beginning with d.-Am. Hev.
Despair by d. -American Uov.
Embittered by d.-John Adams,
Exempt from d. -Cromwell.
Fatal d.-IIoraoe Greeley.
Honor In d. -Persians at Petra.
Humiliation by d.-Uomaus.
Impossible d.-C'ol Moultrie's.
Mortifying d. -Henry Clay.
" " of Charles I.
Stinging d. -Persians by B.
.See ORUMBLINO.
over Failures of Ad. Nelson
See SI'KRENDER.
to Death-Boges.
Demanded-Ethan Allen.
Disgraceful s.-Manchester.
Final s.-Clvll War.
Impossible s.-" The Old O."
Indignant s.-P. Stnyvesant.
Prevented-Charter Oak.
5881
1541
4334
311
4281
613
2663
ara
4247
3523
614
♦3490
♦5468
♦5469
♦,M70
♦6471
♦■'VI72
♦.'•.473
♦5474
Infamous-10,000 Scots to 500 E. .306
of Life, Cheerful s. 1430
" " " "-Defeat. 1494
" " Noble 8. 3820
Refusal to s., Determined-G. 1372
Unconditional s. -Ft. Donelson. 1891
See DISAPPOINTMENT in loc.
DEFECTS.
Covered, Personal d. -Pericles- •1497
Cross-references.
Forgotten, Deformity of face.
Sensitive to d.
See BLOT.
Shameful b. -William Penn's.
of the Tlme-Ca>sar's.
Sec CENSOR.
Official c.-Roman.
See CENSURE.
Resented-Dlonysius.
Unmoved by c.-Juckson.
l.'jOe
5104
♦G07
*608
♦740
♦717
*748
*749
Changed to praise-Thebans. 2855
of the Dead refused-Boliugb'ke.911
vs. Insult-Lincoln. ,'j34
Unmerited c.-Mary P. of 0. 788
See COMPLAINTS.
Characteristic c.-Palmcrston. 1311
Croaker's c.-Bad times. 1315
DIsrcRardod-Komans. 3113
Ill-tempered c.-Sam'l Johnson. 1503
Inconsiderate c. -Pericles. 17C0
Perilous c. of captives-Indians. 565
Presentation of c. -denied, 1201
Useless c. acalnat mother-Alex. 114
See CKOA KINO,
of Degeneracy-Eng. Puritans. *1315
Habit of c. about the weather. ♦ISIO
Sec FAULTS.
of Friends seen quickly. 2231
Kindness conceals f -Ilervey. 2465
Overlooked In Burnet. 2798
" friends. 2830
See PESSIMISTS.
Error of p.-Evlls are old. 136
.National p.-Engllsh bankruptcy. 451
SeeCKITK.'m loo.
defen(;e.
a Bondage Kail of V('rona.
Brave d. of (.lount Gerontlus.
Declined by (■liarlos I.
Frail d. at Waterloo.
Heroic d. of La Hochclle.
Patriotic d. of Holland.
Savage d. -Babylonians.
♦1498
♦1199
* 1,500
♦1,501
* 1,502
♦1,503
♦1504
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Delay needful for d. 5175
Exhibitions of self defence-Eng.21H
Iini)()ssible-trlal of Dr. Batenian..M0
Negleoted-Constantinople.
Noble d. -Siege of Motz.
Omitted on Sabbath-Jews.
Self-defence at Londonderry,
" " In argument.
Sei! ARMOR.
Protected by a.-Battlo of B.
See BLOCKADE,
by Chalns-Constantln'pic by M.*fi05
1)05
3208
4!I85
18.57
4G1
of Death-Corpses-Ca>sur.
See PROTECTION,
of Industry-Clashing.
" Manufacturers-England,
by Secrecy-Athanasius.
for the Weak-Georgia.
♦COU
♦45.34
*4.'-.;!5
*4,5;58
♦4537
by Armor-Battle of Brenneville.4fil
681
783
7.S3
956
2'.)5
Bible p.- John Knox-Queen M.
by Chavms-Numa.
" " -"Agnus Del."
" Climate- Ethiopians.
Costly and futile-Chinese wall.
Divine p. of (ioo. Washington. 3274
" " sought. 3718
Feeble p.-MMes Standlsh-6 men. 313
Hurtful p. of property by H. 701
Impartial p. of chlldren-Dustin. 117
Ineffective-Arrows at Hastings. 391
National p. made necessary-C. 173
of I'eace-Am. Ind's peace pipe.4092
" Provldencc-Wm. P. of 0. 4,''w5
See SAFETY.
Public s. by (Jothic hostages. ♦5005
Selfish s.-Darius. *5004
Ashamed of s.-Gen. in battle. .'269
by Boldness-Cortez. 2653
in Counsel-Battle. 1221
Dishonorable s.-Maximin. 2060
Indifference to personal s. 1391
Neglect of personal s.-Caisar. 1402
DEFIANI^E.
Challenge of d.-Wni. P. of O.
♦1505
Ml9cellaneo\is cross-references.
Angry d. -Black Prince. .5431
Coronation of Napoleon I. 1.321
In Death-Sword grasped. 1121
Emblem of d. -Rattlesnake. 3939
See CHALLENOE.
Dangerous c. -Rebel invasion. ♦753
Offered-Revolutionary War. ^754
Political c.-Lincoin-Douglas. ♦755
8U
DEFINITION— DKMCACY.
im
Hoyiil c.-AiiRtrlan prince. •7B6
Unaccepted o.-Alozius. *7S7
iRnored by Cipgar. 4893
Naval o.-Americnn-KnKllsh. aivo
Unfortunate c.-IIenry 11. ts
DKFINITION.
CrosH-refereiice.
Partial d.-Platu'a man. 0301
DEFORIVITY.
Forgotten-Tliackt ray. •1500
OroBB-rfffreiiccs.
Absence of bodily d.-Am. Ind's. 610
In Art-Cblnege )ialntlnKH. 828
See DEFECT in /oc.
DEOENURACY.
Athenian d.-desplsed. •1507
National d.-EuKland a.d. 1775.*1508
Mlscellsn«ou» croas-referenccB.
by Clvlllzatlon-l'liyslcnl-Am. I. 616
'• Luxury-Alex'a soldiers. 33(«5
Luxury marks lioinan d. XWO
National d.-pleasure-lovlii(f G. 901
See DErKAVlTY in loc.
DEGRADATIOIV.
National d. of Hungarians. *U>OQ
and PoTerty-Ireland. ♦l.'iio
Social d. -Ireland. ♦isil
MlBcellaiieous croas-rcfrrences.
by AmusomentH- Romans. 220
" Avarice-Theodora. 15a3
" Drink-Dlonysius. 2942
in Employment-Clergy. 924
of Genlus-Oratlan. 1007
Irresponsible-Irish people. 3944
Legal d. of women. 0118
Love amid d. -Soldiers. .3344
Moral d. of English clergy. 925
National d. of aboriginal Irish. 727
Shameful self-d.-Vltellius. 3879
Social d. -Roman masses. 3250
by Superstition-Egyptians. .5457
Voluntary d. -Monkery. 3084
See BONDAGE.
to Vice-James II. 0085
" Wealth-Peruvians. 4527
of Wife to h. -Romans. 1707
See BRANDING,
of Criminals in London. 1290
See DISPAKA(iEMENT
Intellectual d.-(). Goldsmith. ♦10G4
See PROKLIGATE.
Royal p. -Queen of Spain. ^4490
4,305
3405
Clerical p. -Pope John XII.
Marriage of p. -Byron.
See SERFAGE.
Burdens of s.-Eng.-13th cent. *5116
See SERVILITY.
Disgraceful s.-JamesBagge. *5123
Genius for s.-Bagge. 6123
of Flatterers-Romans. .»5
Required by tyrant-Sapor. 2527
Shameful s.-Roman Senate. 43V3
Shameless s. of husband of Z. 63 I
8fc SHAME.
Consummate s.- Ferdinand.
♦8)85
Burdens life-Martyr Iluas. 190-1
by Drink-Offloials. 2917
Ueredttry of B.-Ferdlnand. 20(1«
Indifference to s.-Common vlcu.3213
Indlfterent to s.-Charles II. L'4ro
for Ingratltude-Thebans. 28,55
Insensible to s. -Henry VIII. 4,58
" " Feversham. 4002
Life of 8. overlooked. 3177
National a.-Kng.-Relgnof Ed. 111.87
Overwhelming s.-Roman army.S6(;2
"-Traitor. 2795
Punishment by 8.- Alexander. 2148
Vice without s.-Noblllty. 05
of Women overlooked. 8712
See SLAVERY.
Antiquity of s.-«i oat. ♦5182
Avarice of s.-Engllsh. ♦5183
Beginnings of s.-Ueorgla. ^5184
of Captives-Romans. ^5185
in England, A.M. 1215. *6m\
Introduced In Virginia. ♦5187
Mitlgated-Athenlan. *5!88
-Roman. _ ♦5189
Natural-Turks. ^5190
Oppo^^ed by friends. ♦5191
Prevalence of s.-Rome. ♦,5192
of Prisoners- England. ^5193
Punished by s.-England. ^5194
Repulsive s.-England. ♦5195
Unchristian s.-Britlsh. ♦5190
Abolition of s.-Struggle for. 4100
Affection in s.-Ponipey. 2253
Captives Bold into s.-C'srsar. 008
Cowards punished by s.-R. 1275
Cruelty of s. -Helots. 1,305
Death preferred to s -Chinese. 1900
" of American s. -Lincoln. 3227
Debtors sold into s. -Romans. 1405
Desperate defence of s. 41,59
Doubt respecting morality of s.llOO
Escape from a. by murder. 83
Galling s. of Peruvians. 4527
Hatred to s.-Rash-J. Brown. 3088
Imperilled by s. -American C. .3800
Indian s.-Viciims from L. 1290
Labor degraded by s. ar^K
Opposition to .«. by Abolitionists. 147
Poor sold into s.-England. .502
Sold into s. -Plato. 748
Suppressed s.-Boston, year 1701.18,59
to Wealth, Peruvians-Illus. 59K3
Wretched s. of Helots. 1300
Sec SLAVES.
Angelic s.-tho English. *5197
of Disbelievers-Virginia. ^5198
Docility of s. -Civil War. ♦5199
Rebellion of s.-Roman. ♦5200
White s. in Virginia. ^5201
of Cereraony-Constantine. 7.52
" " -Anit)Hssadors. 7.50
Condition of Anglo Saxon s. 720
Fidelity of s. of Cornutus. 5,351
Imperilled by s.-Rome. 43C0
Sale of aged s. -Inhumanity. 28,59
Bee DEGENERACY, DEPRAVITY,
DISGRACE and VICE in loc.
DEIFirATION.
Mlnc'll.iiicniiH croBH- references.
of Ciesar-Romans
2057
" llerocs-Anilent Greeks.
3611
" Self -Alexander In India.
27.53
DBITY.
Ilolief In d.-dreduns.
♦1512
Concealed- Ancient Italians.
•1513
8ub,)ugated by chains- Apollo.
♦Ifill
MlBcellnneonB croas-referenccs
Benevolence of d. -Socrates.
4,550
by HallucliDitlon-MenecrateB.
,5779
I'ornoiillltMl .Minerva.
5-l;!H
Presence of d.-Thales.
0157
Tnchaste d. -Faustina.
1075
Vicious d. -Pagans.
.3ir:4
See DIVINITY.
Proof of d. required.
♦ 1091
of the Soul-Pythagoras.
5309
See CHRIST and GOD in loi-
DEJECTION.
Mental d. of William Pitt.
«151.->
Mlncelliineous cnwB-reference.^.
by Bercavement-Southey. .550
the Wtiatlier brings d.. Bad. 949
.See DESPONDENCY in kic.
DELAY.
I)aiigerous-Bu8lnes.'<to-m'rr'w.^l610
Providential-Settlement of T. ♦isn
Mlscelluneous crosBreferenci-s.
Anguish of d.-Nap.-Blucher. ;t817
of Appreciation-Paradise Lost. 422
Co-operation by d. 01 15
for Defence refused-Jeffrey.s. 5175
Excusable d. in dying. 3422
Failure by d. -Invasion of Ca. 2025
Impatient of d. -Washington. 8748
Loss by d. -Waterloo. 3957
Opportunity lost by d. 5400
" " "-I^ee. 3925
" " "-Help. 408:J
Success by d.-MUller. 1604
See DETENTION.
Overruled-Ooldsniith's. 3681
Providential d. -Cromwell. 4547
See HESITATION.
Beginning with h. -Mahomet. 876
See HINDRANCE,
of Critlclsm-A. Lincoln. 99
Official h.-Fonseca-Columbus. 3900
.See PROCRASTINATION.
Fatal p. of Arc'biiis. ^4477
Dangerous-Business to-m'rr'w.l516
See TARDINESS.
Punished with death. ,5347
See WAITING.
Weariness in w.-Eti(|uette. 1925
DELIRERATIOIV.
CrosH-referenee.
Hastened-" We march." 2221
See CARE in loc.
DELICACY.
Miscellaneous croRRrefereuceu.
Essential to pleasure-Vice. ,3:J20
of Feeling-Goldsmith. 5102
See SENSITIVENESS.
to Criticism-Newton. 1164
" -Voltaire. 2866
DELIVERANCE— DEPARTURE.
815
to Insult, KxoeB»lvo, Tyriint. Sfla?
Natural a.-KxcusHlvu-KoburtB. IHUO
of Vanlty-Voltulro. 2156
80Q KFKKMINAOY and KBFINE-
MENT in loc.
DBLIVKHANCB.
from Ood-OrlouiiH-AttUa. *1M8
Strange d. -Captain Cook. • 1519
MlaccllanKouH crossrclV'renreii.
in EmerKenoy-Wm. of Orango. 1802
by God-Attlla-Orleans. 1518
Great d. of EnKland. 2187
8co EMANCli'ATlON.
Advocated In Moss, year 1701. •1869
3227
Proclaimed by A. Lincoln.
See ESCAl'E.
by Bravery-Battle of HastlngB.*1922
Difficult e.-Martln Luther. ♦1928
305
3147
300
1710
393
8208
from AHsasBlns-Llnuoln's.
Declined-Death of Socrates.
Extraordinary e. of Louis P.
Impossible-Roman Empire.
Mortifying e. of Napoleon L
" to pride.
Narrow-Thos. Paine from death. 30
" -.John Wesley from fire. 119
Perllof all from e. of some. 1274
Shameful e.-Agiithoclea. 1538
See PRESERVATION.
Remarkable p. of Mahomet. 1023
Requirement for p.-C'mm'n'sts.l003
Strange p. of Rome-Geese. 1961
Sec RANSOM.
Paternal r.-£5000. ♦4013
Willing r. -Richard II. ♦4014
Immense r. of Darius for queen. 180
for a Llfe-Alaric.
Price of r.-LouisIX.
Prodigal r. explained.
See REDEMPTION.
Price of r. of Calais.
See REFUGE.
Sanctuary for r.-15th century. *4669
Secured-In America. ^4060
1145
1520
2705
♦4689
Failure of r.-Earthquake-llsbon.731
in Prayer from adver8ity-G.W.4382
-A. J.4387
Temple of r.-Foundlng of Rome.387
See RELIEF.
Vain desire for r.-Napoleon-W.3817
See DEFENCE, FREEDOM,
LIBERTY, I'ROTECTION,
and VICTORY in too.
Cross-reference.
Tidal d. -Mediterranean.
1758
DELUSION.
Disastrous d. of Crusaders. ♦1520
Optical d. -Island-Columbus. ♦l.Wl
Political d.-Starap tax. ♦1522
Miscellaneous cross-references.
of Ambition for offlce-AIaximus.183
-"What then f" 1071
by Depreciation-Reformation. 1535
Fmpnclal d.-John Law. 2134
by Korgery-VVm. of Orange. 2194
of Genius-^Newton an Alch'm'gl.814
" Gold-seekers-.Iamestowu. 2.388
" " -Londoners. 2'!89
" " -Spaniards. 2;)90
In Oold-Callfornla. 2392
of Gold'Soekers-Spnniards. 2735
" " -Jamestown. 2807
Liberty ad.- Romans. 3215
Popular d.-Clvil War. uiK)
" "-Crusaders. 2095
" -De Soto's Exp'd't'n.l9Hfl
" "-Joan of Arc. 1187
by Trlfles-Indians-THnkets. 5771
Visionary d. of gold-eeukcrs. 1984
DKE.i;S10NS.
Popular d.-Kenlliiand de8oto.^l523 |
See UAI.U'CINATIO.V.
Realistic h.-M. Lutlior-Devil. ♦a.'OO
Printing a work of m.
44(15
of Science working wonders.
5051
Sn' SORCERY.
Condemned-Eng., year 1440.
*-ar,i
Fear of s.-Joan of Arc.
♦520,-)
Punished by Henry VI.
*52(10
Belief in s. by Romans.
128-1
vs. Discipline- Russians.
1493
Work of s.-Joan of Arc.
2894
See WITCH.
Suspected w. -Esquimau.
♦6023
Burned as a w.-Joan of Arc. 1720
Cured by floggin^-Salem. S45
a Suspected w -Duchess of O. 3512
" -Quaker in N. E.4I29
See WITCHCRAFT.
Alleged w.-Salem. *0024
Epidemic of w. -Salem. *C025
Malice in w. -Salem. ♦(»20
Punished w. -England. *f.027
" "-Salem. *0028
See DECEPTION in loc.
DEIIIAGOOITE.
Changeful d.-l)uke of B.
Class-Rome-Votes.
First d.-Mi'iiestheus.
Marks of the d.
♦1524
♦1.535
♦1,520
*1527
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Dangerous d.-R. Ferguson. 42,59
Guided by sagacity-England. 4274
Rule of d. -Augustus. 42.50
Shameless d. -Catiline. 392
Subdued by threatening-G. G'o. 40
Enthusiast's h.-Joun of Arc. 2384
See INFATUATION.
Destructive 1. of Nero. ♦2Hii)
of Pride in James II. ♦a^ao
of Curiosity in Pliny. 6050
Inventor's l.-Arkwright. 6108
of Love-Page of Mary Stuart. 3342
Politloal 1. -James II. 'Whh
Popular I. -Conquest of Florida. 75
of War-Charles XII. 1239
See MA(iI(\
belief In m.-Columbus. ♦3378
DBIVIAnOOdES.
MlHcelliineoiis eroiiH-rcferoncea.
DiiMlneHs, PolitlcN a d. 4944
Dangerous d. -Socialistic. 5218
DIsKraoeful work of d.-d'thof S.700
Legislation of d. -Rome. 11,56
Rule of d. -French Republic. ;i')2H
See roi.lTlCS in he.
OKiriAND.
CroBS-rvferenie.
Offensive d. of France on IT. 8. 170
See COERCION in loc.
DBinONS.
Origin of seml-d.-lluns. *],"i28
See DEVIL i»i loc.
DKIVTISTS.
Barbers th(! dentists in (ith cent. 4.'0
DEIVUIVCIATIOJV.
Terrible d. of Napoleon I. *|.5S!>
Safety by d. ('liarles I. 10.53
.So TIIRKATENlNd i„ Inr.
OBPAKTITHB.
Mysterious d. (leomedes. ♦l.^30
Cross reference.
Beneficial d. -Hernando Cortez. 78
See AliA.NDONMENT.
Inhuman a.-Mosloms. *t
Mortifying a.-Tiniotliy Hall. ♦«
of All for safety-Rome. 2117
" Army by General Agathocles. 1.538
" Olvillzation-S. Houston. 905
Deferved a.-Catlllne. 392
Forsaken justly-James II. ^2203
Heartless a. by sailors-Hudson. 3757
Humiliating a. of Nero. 1270
Just a. by ciiildron-James II. 2203
Outi^ast for rellgion-W. Penn.^3970
Painful a. of wife-Dustln. 117
Sudden a. of Richmond. 6167
" " " Wife Sheilr-'. 5993
.'<ee A!).IOURNMEN\
Forced a. of Pari, by Cromwell. 410
See DESERTION.
Imitated-to Wm. of Orange. ♦1534
Shameful d. by Agatiocles. •15.38
Constructive d.-Fred. II.
See DISCHARGE.
Honored d.-Lord Rochester.
3389
•1610
Pretence for d. of Protestants. 313
Sectarian d. of soldiers-Jas. II. 317
See DISMISSAL.
Humiliating d. of ('astlemaine.^1661
Humiliating d.-Luther by C. 257
Shameful d. of Parl.-Cromwell. 410
See EXILE.
Happily ended- Cicero.
Honored e. -Lafayette.
Long e.-" Tlie Pretender."
Provision in e. -Generous.
.'^ee EXITUSION.
of Scholars-Fellows of M . C.
1658
4318
6223
2641
♦1994
of Aliens from U. S. 167
Deserved e.-Brlbery-Slr J. N. 860
Humiliating e. from Lincoln. 534
8if;
I)KF»KNI)i:XC'K— DKSI'AIIl.
li i:
from MInlRtry-Sam'l Jntinion. 3016
ViKoroiiH e.-l)rlb«ry reieuted-D.UTS
WroiiKud l)y ».- Mliilitor. 1081
Hee FA HEW KM,,
to Country- Nap. 1. to France.*a)06
Kltml f. (loBtrud .lainuR II. *wm)7
lAiHi f.- DytiiK ChrlNtlanV. *^)U8
Touohlnif f.-WaflhlriKton'H. •!«««»
Sad f, of Jo8(!|)l>ino nrid Nap. 104
Hfc KLIOHT.
Cowardly f.-IIuriicllan. 31S8
Famous for f.-MaxImln. aO(iO
for Safety -Uomaii panic. 8117
See KITorriVK.
UopelcBg of cHcnpo-Mf.reellug. 1710
Koyal f.-.IamoH II. ^T«8
Sympathy for f.-Amorlcann. 4U(!0
Welcomed In Kranco-Jumes 11.6090
Sw Kl'filTlVES.
/^leneroHlty to royal f. 8041
CunlHhud hy Hlavery. fiOv!
HefuKC of f.-AHylum-Uom«. IJH"
Sanctuary of f.-N. Carolina. B43C
.See HI'NAWAY.
from AbuHe-Frederlck II. 33H9
Arrested r. Uavld Crockett. C;!4
Dlstln(ful.>!lii'(l r.-I'lzarro. *4(»»
Reformed David Crockett. 637
Successful r.-Il. Franklin. 038
" •' -Samuel Houston. 006
Hce DESEHTION, EMIUHA-
TION ami .SECESSION
1/1 Inc.
Needless d. -Colonists In Va. ♦1531
Crofsreferciice.
Filial d. corrected-" Win spurs. "2680
See TIirST m loc.
DKPKAVlTir.
by Dosceut.-Nero's. *]f).'ia
Evidence of d.-8. Johnson. *16iVi
MlscellanentiH croas-refcronccs.
Afte of excessive d.-Uomans.
" " d. -Introduction of C.
Destructive d. of Nero,
with Intellectual power.
Inclination of d.-EailuR.
Locality of d. concentrated.
Parental d. confessed-C. IV.
Sue APO.STASY.
Open a. of Uomanus.
Primitive a. by persecution
124
124
329
1009
4203
1293
2006
*2.51
♦252
Encouraged by law-Maryland. 4116
Exphiined-Inconslstoncy. 2774
Discreditable a. -Protestant. 19.'!0
Ueactlon of forced converts to a.920
Required of officer. 1471
Sec APOSTATE.
Honored unw'sely.
Shameful a. -Justus.
See APOSTATES.
Forgiven by Primitive Church. *253
3177
i;«)9
Malice of a.-Knlnhts Templars. 1930
" " " -Julian's. 2546
See CORRUPTION, DEGRADATION
and SIN in loo.
DKFKKCIATION.
Financial d. Plymouth Col.
Foolish d. of Martin I.uthef.
Seu CAVIL.
Answered-I.«Kl»lfttlou.
♦IS.'M
*VM
*740
, 743
♦1315
•vm
♦24U(»
I-
Silenced by hucoohb. Cent. Ez
See CltOAKINd.
of DfKoniTacy Knit- Puritans.
Habit of 0. about the weather,
Sie DISP.VllAOE.MK.NT.
luti llcctual d. (). fioUlsralth. 'lOOl
Hn; (lUC.MIlI.lNU.
oV(T FttUuroH of Ad. Nelson.
See COMPLAINTS and CUri'
CISM i.-l In,-.
nKPUKNoiION.
CroM.H relVrenee.
by Bereavement Southey. 550
^Veather<!auseH d.-IJad. 049
See DESPONDENCY tn loc.
DEUINION.
Public d. at theatre- Walker. •1536
See KIDICirLE m loc.
DESrKIVDAIVTIS.
('nis.H-relereiieen.
Deneneraoy of modern Greeks. 1607
Sufferings and ruin of Ca'sar'8d.807.'J
See POSTEIUTY.
Denied to Maliomot. *4:m
Reproach of p. feared by Ch. I. 1500
" " " -Strafford. 120
See Cini.DHEN in Itic.
DESBCRATION.
Cro.isrelereiieea.
Horses stabled In St. Paul's-C. 800
See SAHIIATII HUEAKINO.
by Amusements-Eng. games. 224
-Lond.yr. 1141.4987
Denouncement of s.-b.puu'sh'd. 2040
Law requiring s.-b. 4988
by Nobility. 4980
See SACUILEdE.
Infamous s.-IIakem the Turk.*5001
Sectarian 8. Catholics. *.'J002
Grave opened-Death. 2471
Holy places of Jerusalem-C. 324
See PKOKAMTY in loc.
DESGRTIOIV.
Imitated d. -to Wm. of Orange. ♦15,37
Shameful d. by Agathocles. ♦1638
Miscellaneoni eross-referencei*.
Constructive d. -Frederick II. 8389
of Friends of Washington. 2308
" Cu'sar. 371
Pardoned after intercession. 630
for Plunder -Soldiers. 2417
of Wife by Shakespeare. 3493
See ABANDONMENT in loc.
BESIISES.
Potential d.-Swedenborg's ^1539
Cross-reference.
Contracted bring happiness.
See REQUEST.
Waiting for a r.-Alexander.
See WISHES.
Kind w.-" Better luck."
Ruinous w.-Covetonsnegs.
2517
♦4796
♦0021
♦0OS2
See COVETOUSNESS in loc.
MMO
OKNOIiATIOIV.
by PeotlleiKre London.
See K.VTKKMINATION.
Warof e. '(^ueen Anne'i. *1OS0
by Perneoutlon-Alblgenses. 4128
of Soldlers-Nervll Maul>«UKU. 8130
Sec CALAMITY and DESTRUC-
TION ill tnr.
DKMPAIII.
of the Defeated Am. Hev. *KAl
Determination of d.-Aurellan.^l54:)
2015
1880
I2;i5
1193
14.38
4122
W23
1410
3816
>riiiccllanemiii cri>ii»referencc«.
Appeal of d. rejectod.
Ciinlldence succeeds d.-C'ol.
Courage of d. -Gladiators,
spiritual d. Seeker.
Suicide In d.-of defeat.
" of persecuted Jews.
" suggested In d.
Weakness of d, -Chinese.
See DESPONDENCY,
by Difficulties rellev(Ml.
See MELANCHOLY,
Characteristic m.- Aborigines. ♦.S.V>7
Depres.sed by m. -Charles V. ♦3538
Excusable m.-John Milton. ♦3,5.59
Inherited m. -Samuel Johnson. ♦3.5(K)
" " " ♦3,-)01
Natural ^3602
Philosophy of m.-Unfth'm'blo. ♦3,503
Kellglous m.-George Fox. ♦3.56-1
" -Puritans. ♦.seCS
Resisted by Samuel Johnson. ♦a5C0
Royal m.-Queen Elizabeth. ♦3507
Adversity produces m. -Young,
of Itereavement-Jefforson.
Death desired In m.
Hallucination of m.-Luther.
Marriage relieves va.
Misfortune brings m.
ti 14 44
In Old Age-Elizabeth.
Religious m.-II. D. Oougb.
" " -NeUon.
" " of Cromwell.
" " -Anabaptists.
See REMORSE.
Persecutor's r.-Charles IX.
Royal r.-Kdward IV.
Assassins r.-Nero.
of Conscience-Charles I.
of Ingrate son-Richard.
Murderer's r.-Constans II.
Renegade's r.-Argylo.
Victim of r.-Clotaire.
See SUICIDE.
Averted s. -Napoleon I.
Cause of s. -Samuel .Ioh-..cn,n.
Cowardice of s.-Am. Indians.
Deterred-Benjamin Abbott.
Dyspeptic's escape by a.
Escape by s.-Demosthenes.
Glorification of s. -Stoics.
Mania *--- s -William Cowper.
Philosoi s. -Marcus.
Remorseful s.-Mrs. Shelley.
1670
2480
2619
2506
3480
3633
3559
a5C7
1179
11S9
4718
4719
♦4760
♦4761
1110
Ills
1034
1108
6209
1301
♦.5420
♦.5421
♦.5422
♦.5423
♦.5124
♦5425
♦5420
♦,5427
♦5-128
♦.5429
Attem pted by Cowper. 2601 , 8883
DESPi:i{ATI()N-I)KTKCTIVK.
817
at Command of riiUir. 3H-in
by " -Koriy wive*. 1410
of thi) Dnfttated Cumbrians. IBBO
for l)l«Krttoe-lAicrutla. B7W1
Fanatlu'HN. KvIIkIoiih. 8M)U
Intentli.iml ». Youthful W. KIOM
Intlmldutod Nero. ia70
raradlHo giiliuid by a. Mid
I'rcpariitloii for ■. Shelloy. 834.^
" " -Friid. II. .WW
Preventod h. -Alexander's. 40ai
KdfiiKe from fumlno In h. iJOin
" " adversity In s. M'iO
Itequlrcd-exOfBoer-Turk. 380(1
Uoldler'8 H. Koman. 14IM
" •• -Antony. HOB
Temptation to h. -Melancholy. 1170
BceDI.SAn'OINTMENTamI DIM-
OOlIUAIIKMENTid tuc.
DE8PEHATION.
In Battle rorHlims. •1548
FIniil d.-Bllnd KlnR John. ♦1.M4
Hobume of d. -Strafford's. *1645
MlBci'lliineinm cross-reforoiicos.
Audacity of d. Florida Indians
Uefonco of d. -DeHolatlon.
of IIunKer-Cunnibula.
" " -Sailors.
Rashness of d. Joseph.
Self-destructive (l.-Clmbrlans.
Success of d.-(;ortez.
Vice brbiKs to d. CatlUno.
Soe DKSI'AIK in loc.
DBNPOIVDENCY.
Mlsceiliiin'ouii cr(i>s ri'fereuces.
Days for d. Valley Forgo.
Rebuked Columbus.
Removed by dl.sslpatlon.
Sue DKl'HESSION.
Bad weather brings d.
Bereavement Southcy.
See IIYl'DCIIONDKIA.
Constitutional h.-Wui. Cowper.acOl
See UlSCOURAOEMENT Biid
DOUHT in loc.
304
G068
T(W
1803
44.')1
l.WO
3«;w
1110
2308
18«1
B-140
040
556
DEJ^POTISin.
Revival of d. -Cardinal Wolsey.'
1546
Mlatcllanemis croBX-references.
Colonial d. -Massachusetts. 3208
Social d.-Landlord. 724
Seo TYRANNY.
Cruelty of t. -Xerxes. *5734
Ecclesiastical t.-CathoUc. 'BTSS
Emblem of t.-BastUe. *5raG
Insurrection against t.-P. *!j737
Legislative t.-Long Parirm'nt.*5738
of Liberty-French Revolution. *5730
" " -Hev. Tribunal.
Parental t.-Fredorick Wm. 1.
Recompense for t.-Franco.
Self-destruotlvo t.-Uoman.
Shameful t.-Spanlards.
Terrible t.-Qlldo.
♦.5740
♦5741
♦5742
♦5743
♦5744
♦5745
Mlscfllanoous cross-references.
In Amusements-Spaniards. 5744
Of Caste, Social t. 34i)l
Displaced by t.-Vlrglnla. 2443
Booleslastical t.-Kxc'mm'nlc'n.4944
Kxasperated by t. HUrlllaim.
Household t. of elder brother.
U II II II II
or In KznommunloBtlon.
LegNUtive t.-B. Parliament.
NoiireMlHtaiice to t.
OppniNHion of t. Hope Crime.
Kttactlon against t. ICiillniis.
KeHciited Nnw. Kiig. Coliiiilst!
8ei!(J()VEK.NME.NT»iiil llll.
Ill (ill'.
DUSTINV.
Unavoidable-Napoleon I.
l.'IIO
23.11
(VIH
4011
JIl.M
aM24
427
1. 000
♦1M7
MlHcellniicdiin croM-refiTcnccn.
Delluf in fixed d.-Scanillnavlans.4t05
Depending on one, National d. .'iM.'i7
Impctidliig d. Nelson.
Providence in national d.
Sign of d. Mahomet.
Turning-point of d.- Mankind.
See KATE.
Belief In f.-Mohammudans.
4H.'10
BHKl
5132
l.V)l
♦2100
Belief In f, -Napoleon I. 1M7
-Wm. P. of Orange. liO.Tl
Sec I'KKDESTINATION.
Belief in p.-Win. 1'. of Orange. ♦IIOI
" *' " -Scandinavians. ^4405
Kxtrome view of p. 43H-I
Timely p.-Before birth. 181.')
Sec IMMi)KTAI.I'1;Y III loc.
DKNTRITCTION.
Dlfllcuit li. -Temple of Jupiter.^1.548
of Kmpire Kail of Knme. ♦l.MO
Torriblo self d.-Cimbrians. ♦l.ViO
of Art by Nero.
" " In ruin of Paganism.
" " by Puritans,
vs. Construction-Mouse,
followed by d. -Hannibal,
of Life by architecture.
" " In Crusades.
" " " war-Attlla.
,1 I. II I. ^France.
" Politics challenged-D. by
" Self by Infiitualion I'ride.
by Strife Blue and Green.
" War-Ca'«ar's.
" " -Provence.
Sir AXNIIIILATtON.
Death an a. -John Milton.
See F.XTliUMI.NATIOX.
War of e.-(iueon Anne's.
327, 329
;«i
,'«0
3100
5818
332
32.')8
BK!)1)
5000
L. 88!)
2820
5072
5898
5043
by Porsecution-.Mblgenacs.
of Soldlers-Nervil-Maubeuge.
Si'O MAS.'^ACKE.
Evidence of m.-Cru.sadors.
General m. in war.
Immense m -70,0(X) Romans,
by Mob in Paris,
of Patriots-Boston.
Prevented-Jame.-)i,own, Va.
Punished by m.-War.
by Treachery-Thessalonica.
Wholesale m -,300,000 people.
Brutal m. by Caracalla.
3922
♦1990
4123
2130
♦.3513
♦3514
♦;i515
♦3510
♦3517
♦3518
♦3510
♦3520
♦3521
1333
of Cuptlv.'s by Franks. l.'l.'l*
" chrlHtlanH UO.OtIO by Cbo«roes.,'l2l
Depopulated by m. Bagdad. 1307
Drink itausi's ni. Indians. 20-10
Immense m. Tliiionr. SNtM
" " liy t'a'Niir. 5181
Inoonslderate in. by Scythians. i;ill>
liidlgniitiiiii expri'NNt'd ('. 4.''i30
Inhuman ni. of workmen Alarle.087
" " " Attlla.0S8
by I,uw LacedH'moiilan slaves. 1.305
" PersiMiutors <'atlioli() vs. P. 4l2.t
Ireland ('. vs. P.4I.')2
Prevented by Infurnicr. 1000
of Protestants Duke (if GulHe-V.5(l8
-Ciiiii. by I'lus V. 58H
Religious m. by CrusadtTS. 4705
" " of prisoners. lilOO
" -Latins by Greeks. 1.303
Small beginning of m.-" S. V." 20
Terriblum "Sicilian VespiTH." 1340
I'nprdvoked -.lews by Apoll's. 6108
in War-Wailenstt'ln. 5884
" " -ParlM, A.I). 1418. 5885
.Si'e M.\S,SA<'UES.
Religious French Itevolullon. 3.522
.Sic.^I.ArflllTKH.
llarbaronss,-.')8,000Ciirth'g'n's.^5l80
ICxterininatings. of Germans. *5181
Atithorlz.t'd by .Ii'siilts.
in Itiittle .\slaus
" " -l(K),(KX)iit Fonti-nay.
Si.- vandalism.
of llcggars Kngland.
clerical v. of Tlieodoslus.
Depraved v. of Nero.
Kunalical v. of Puritans.
Sfi' CALAMITY (ii Iw.
DirrAILS.
Imporlaiiic of d .Military.
Se,- TECII.NirALlTIEtJ.
Strenuous for t. Lincoln.
1082
308
020
502
,508
320
3;w
•1551
♦.5.541
Invalidating t Plymouth pat. 3150
" " JiiriHpnidence. 3985
SicTUlKLES.
Effect of t. -battle. ♦.5715
Power of t. -Social life. ♦5716
Contentment with t.-Mon.
Contests from t. -Stamp act.
" " " -Roman Rev.
Discussion of t. -Useless.
Iraportan(!0 of seeming t.
Magnified In government.
Preserved by t. -Spider's web.
DETECTIVE.
Harmless d. -Robert Burns. -♦1.552
Stupid d. -Col. Jam'8'n-Andr6. ♦1.5.53
Useful d. -Cicero's. ♦15,54
11,50
506
507
1800
1,501
2459
2377
Cross-reference.
Conniving d. -Robert Burns.
See INKOKMEK.
Dastardly I. -James Burton.
Massacre prevented by I.
See INKOKMEUS.
Rejected by Vespasian.
Bl&okmall paid to 1.
♦1072
2850
1006
♦2845
2008
:|
818
TT
I
fi
(rliulnutH for I Jeffrey* oourt. »H»
DetuHted Am. Itovoliitlon.
WW
lleitrtluM l.-Joffnijr'N ttoiirt.
•JHIM)
InfAiiKiim 1. TItUH Oatem.
fum
Toolit of tyriimiy.
ll*."ill
H.uMl'Y.
an lofniuoUai. Tompter.
•sail
DKTKN'TION— DIFFK rr.TIKS.
Houlal it l.omburiN. *!»»
Arrnntod-Mnjor Andr6. l(VM
llonorod Aiidri' n nu^mnrlal. wijio
HiiN|iicloii uruuUid by m., FuIho. Simo
I'liitUipoaU'd N Alfred the U. MiM
Si'c SI'IKS.
KliHliaiwI by H. OhIi'iikoUim. 'MCM
ShiktueleiM «. John I.ucko. *t)iM)ri
VlotlniH of H. Thcodoni's.
DKTKNTION.
Si'O IIIM>HA.N('K 1(1 It'C.
DBTRH.m NATION
Assertod-'iSword hIiuII kIvh It.''
Kiiiphatlu d. Stoiio My ballot.
Klxud d.-J»aii of Arc.
ObMtinate d.-Hcotoh I'ri'Hb's.
Straniro d. J((aii of Arc.
for SuccoA" Will Ills Hpiir(<."
Want of d. I'lilllp of I'Vam^o.
Youthful d.-AUdblade8.
lUi
•IBftti
•if.:.(i
♦isw
♦mtii
•I5(i3
MUcplliiiicoiiH cro!*.'*.rpfort'Tu'eR.
Ambitious d. of Alf.K. Hamilton. 18S
RcHolute d. Author i> Worms. ISII
sucoess by d -Wadsworth.
Final d.-nubl(!on.
LuukliiK d. -Charles I.
IlaHtenlnK d.-Pea<!o or war.
LaukInK d.-<"harles II.
Si'c Kl KM NESS,
(all to f. by WIllliiMi III
Kffect of f.-Alo'x. Sevcrus.
SooOIlSIINACV.
DepraTed o. App. of II. VIII.
Kxtraordlnary o. of James II.
Immovable o. of James II.
I'oUtlual o. of James II
."iOMJ
♦1-lHO
•1481
♦1 IS'J
SHOO
a-51
••jiir
•3851
ArBuracnt declined by o. 8049
As-miued o.-Dead bodies. S558
acalnst Counsel -Charles XII. liliU
Creditable o. of .Samuel Adams. 076
Defect of o.-Milton. CMS
Foolish o.-IIasly words. a718
Ploa of o.-Wlllliim I'enn-J. II. 3M8
Refu({<!ln o.-Amb. of Wm. III. T50
Religious o. asalnst p'rs'cufrs. \riT>H
Subdued by magnanimity. ai99
.See RESOLUTION.
Success by r.-Am. patriots. *48I0
Moral r. of Luther.
Success by r.-Oen. Fremont.
Unsurpassed In r. I'izarro.
Weakness of r., Moral.
See IlEKO in loc.
DETESTATION.
Courage under d. -Cromwell.
Public d. of Kutroplufl.
Sec IIATREO in toe.
1093
IWiO
1008
5054
Mini .•lUiiooiin iroM-rcfoninroa.
ofOeniiis Period*. V"tt07
Inventions by d. Sfcan* on)ilne.57;w
Porfeotlon by d. Paradise Lost.^KiM
Sr.. ATlll.Kllt:.
Remarkable H.-ThrauluM. •888
Royal a.-llenry II. 'iisB
Moral weakness of Mllo.
HtrouK a. Father 4if .lefferson.
" " -(Jeorije WashlnKtoii.
S™ ATIIIKTES.
Karly tralnluK of a rerslaii
" " " " Spartans.
Gdueatlon of a.-Ronian.
Military a. -Komaii.
Trained a. Roman Hnldlnrs.
siv niKnx'iTY.
Remarkable p. -James Watt.
" " -Alex. Pope.
Kdiii Jitlonal p.-S. Johnson,
of (ieiiliis-Wllllain C. Hryant.
• Juvenllti p. i)f Tliemlstooles.
In .Mathematics.
" " -Colburn.
Remarkable p.-S. Johnson-8y
Youthful p. of n. Franklin.
Se TKAI.NINO
for Greatness Alixaiid'
Lack of t. -Military.
Lastlnif t. -Walter 8(!oft.
by ()be(llen(!e-SpBrtuiis.
Physical t. R(jnians.
Success without t.-Wm. of 0.
for Munhood-Tbcmlatocles.
Military t.- Importance of.
MIsapplled-Emp. <ialllenus.
Success without special t.
of Voice -Demosthenes.
Sie EDrcA'J ION i,i t,,,-
rmv)
r,x.H
f.;i.-.9
irro
1817
1778
18'J7
5073
•4402
♦4403
ISl.'.
fi;t5
3M3
rs 793
030
•5008
•5009
•5070
*r)fl71
••'5072
*.50,;f
0,3.'>
1981
i8;w
i;io
5853
DEVIi..
Casting out the d.-J. Uunyan. *1506
Ml»oollancn«» crnHs-rcfcronccd.
Disturbance from d. resisted. 8506
Evidence of d. -Hun van's lieart.1084
Learned in Latin, (ireek and ll.l.')07
I'ossesved of d.-l-'anatlc.
Realistic belief In d. Uunyan.
3081
1180
ii'.n
58;i:
I
Virginity debars tin I.
DEV1L.K.
Tosted-Boston danisi I. *1507
Si'o DEMONS.
Ancestry by d. lliiiis. •i.'"i3l
I>EV<»TION.
Absolute Mohammedan d. *1508
Commendable d. of St. Aiub. *1509
Kntire d. of Up. Tliomas Coke.*1.570
Ministerial d. of Thomas Lee. •1.571
Self-sacrificing d. Bellsarlus. •l.')72
»1.503 1 Absolute d. of life
•1^04 I to Anmsenient-AnKclus.
I " Banner Mohammedan.
8843
3896
3507
llllnil <l. of Persian aaaMslu*.
Kxteriiul d. to the pope.
KIlUl d. Seeking pardon.
Keward of d. (lurlbaldl's.
^'iMTet of (I. Money.
Servant's d. to mlstrnsi.
of Soldlors-Swcdui to Clian. X
Holdler'i d. to standards,
lo Hludy- Young Napoleon.
'I'errDile oath of d. I)y gladlat
of W Ife Lafayette's.
" Woman 11. Weutworth.
" " - Mrs. llnwin,
to Women Knlghls.
S,.f In DICATION.
Changed-lilblia I'olyglotta.
True religious d church.
toGod-Knlghls.
" " John Wesley.
Indlffereiil (I. of teiiiDlo.
Sio IIEMUIO.N In lor.
DKVOTIOlVn.
Morning d. Ancieni Hrltons.
See WOKSIIII'iii tot\
niAitv.
\rtful use of d.
371
ao7ft
.'ttfOH
40'13
3705
5130
11.1339
3888
5:175
i.rs 103
4318
3510
38R'I
3HU6
•1485
•1480
1131
1 1 32
0159
'1,573
■1574
• 'loan rcfereuco.
Honest Quaker's d.
DirT/lTIOIV.
Simultaneous d. Napoleon.
See COM.MAM) in loc.
3004
1 575
DIET.
Simplicity In d. lohn Howard.* 1,570
MUcellaneoiia crosHrcferences.
Frugal soldier's il Emp. (' irus. 447
Importance of plain d. -Youth. 0313
Life prolonged by d. 3170
an Obstacle Young Irving. 2734
See FOOD mi liir.
DIEFEIIENrES.
Mis, (.IhineniiM erii»«-refereii' '•<.
Sci ' iriand.-lVrslan vs. Turk. 5070
" niagnitied. 5071
.Se C'OM'RAST.
Ailujiiy by c.-Anne Ciiurchiii. 2228
-Ilurnet-Ilallfax. 2331
Wm. P. of O. 22,34
Greatness l)y (\-<'liarl<inagno. 8473
s.<. DIVEllSl i Y.
of Interests in so(!icty. •1090
.See DISAiiUEE.MENT in!'-.
DIPPICVI/riES.
Firmness amid d. -Claudius. ^1577
Mcclianlcai d.-(i>.iMlyear. ♦1,578
Oveniome-Tlmour in India. *I579
-NapoleoTi I. -Alps. 'l.^SO
Uemoved-Gordlum knot. 'ir^l
Mlseellaneouft cros-s f* fereiice:*.
Discouragement roliovcd. .3848
Ingenuity superior to d. 3846
Perseverance amid il • Mali't. ;18.(5
" " -Columb.4140
Stimulate Invention-Clocks. 3969
!ho DILEMMA.
Decided by Marcia, *16i9
DKJNn AUIEH DlS.VI'l'OlNTMKNT.
8U»
H«« HInDHANCK.
of (MtluUm-A LtniMiln, OU
offlulRl h. Koruct'a t'liliimtiiu. auuo
rtm< IMI'OH.SlMII.ITtlCS.
AocnnipllDhud iit hrldK*) <>r L. *liT6li
M.„ OIIHTACI.KN.
Ovemomo Uy iMirKBViTiiiKjii |( aii40
Set DKHPONIIKNCY, (iKTKRMINA
TION, l)|,S('l)|;KA(lK.MKNr.
HTKIKK itiHl TKIAl.H
hi liii'
DI»NI-rARIKN.
Multlplltid VIruliilu Cdloiir.
H<w AHISIOCUACY.
In nattle-Kotiiiin
Kxpnna*) of u Koiu.itim.
Kumitloii for a. I'urltans.
Kuln uf a. UrtiekR.
Ilrtilal pli'imtiruM of ii.-Normiiii
l(iilt) (If a. lliinlimNoiiiH Vii.
S<'<^ lUM.KKS III ioc.
niUNITV.
CiimpromlHod 'I'liuodora.
Crneld. Duatli tu Nmlle.
KxhIbltud-SamUdI Johnson.
Liidloroiiii d.-(.'liiiH. the HIniplo.
offondtMld.-Uodolph Otfc'rii.
l*re«orv«d d. (Japtlvn I'orui.
UeRard for d.-WiiHliinKton.
-LuOllllUB.
•1889
♦801
•804
- i;uN
•ItSK)
•IBH-J
•ir>H5
♦IIWB
♦IftHT
•mno
♦IWH)
UlMcellani'diiH cro^H-refiTi'iicc's.
AfTooUid d. ridiculed.
Foolish d. of Xiirxt'H "Insulted,
by Humiliation of enoniy.
ilUHband's (l.-Wm. ol' oranKo.
Inilexlblo d. -Count antlus.
.Iu(lite»' d.- Athenliiii.
Lack of d.-('ommo(luM.
Maintained by refuwil (,".
Offcnded-IIoiise of I'l't-rH.
-Clarendon.
In Polltlos-Tlionias Jefferson.
Hee AUUdOANCE.
AnHWered-(;harltm V.
Childish a. -Xerxes Fetters-Sea.
Insultluf; a. Attlla.
" Charh'M V.
Boastful a.-DtrtalMil the Turk.
Clerical a. In politics.
Lofty a. of Attlla.
National a. RnKll!<li
Peril in a.-liraddock's defeat.
Sec riKCoUi M.
!n Debate-Am. Indian.s.
Ministerial d.-S. Johnson.
Sw IIAHOHTINESS.
Lordly h. of Sapor.
llumbled-KlnKly-Cromwell.
Soi> MANI,INESS.
in Abstinonce-Alexai 'ler.
Admiration of m. l*om|-ey.
" " -Louis IX.
" for "-I'omponlus.
by Adversity -Humphry Davy.
Chi' itian m.-Gustavu9 XII.
Destitate of m. -Cicero.
l.'KMl
";wo
15i)l
;iH«H
vol
*:n9
*;«o
*321
♦3JS
3HI
fm
49','fl
■sya
97
•1183
•1484
*S.'J87
2083
50(»5
381 il
3881
40fi(l
86
4174
4370
DlHparaiffd by p«riiRoulor8
Kii ouraKeriiunt to ni.-Luiliu
I uabltttd MlrilNturl.il m
;il m.lnilinu fortitude.
L I. k of m. UlsKracuful.
'-Ntiro.
Ministerial m. -Key H. .lliDNon. |-4IU
in i'overty-Haniuul .loh imin. 4;U7
of I'rido HamiK^l Jolinx. -n.
by Holf rellance-niack I'rinco
stimulatad l)y rldlt iile
VV'aiitin(( m. MarlborouKh.
Youthful m. Prince of VValuf.
Me* NOIIIMTV
of AppeiiWHi'ie Numllur. 'IIHIS
Honored .Slheuls Poriipcy •lii.ti
Patriotic! n. .Sylla. •,)«8i)
ItoeoKnlzed Louis IX. *.'I881
III!
1. 1 2111)
IH'.\
118.')
18^8
IIIH
4319
15)10
4«nj
18 H
183T
In Almlln«nop~Alexi)Mder.
of Ancestry (Icsplst'il Nap.
S.K IIO.NOIIS inluf.
DILKiniTIA.
Decided by Marcla
DI.MNKR.
Bad d. hrUiKH III humoi s. J,
BOIO
3008
'1591
'l,M«
MI«i:cll»ni'ouii crosa-rofiTcnccH.
Korifotten d. -Isaac Newton. 80
Waiting d.-Samucl .lolumon. *l.'i93
Sn' l-'KAST uiiil Tool) In loc.
DIPLO.TIACV.
Kffcct <ir d. CorruptlDic. •1591
Kxpenslve d. Hrllish d. *lt>05
of Kalsehood KllZdlulli. •1690
(Jame of d. -< 'oiiceiiliiieiit. *1597
Inscrutable d. UlHinarck. •l.'J98
Itcvenneful d. P'rcnch. *1,')»9
Trained tod. -J. (^ Adams. ♦l«(K)
'-"Dlck"Talbot.0038
Intriguer, not a s. -Sunderland. 8'.i'''7
Unsucce.ssful s. TaUnted-B. 83W
Sff .STATE.><M.\.\SI[I1>.
Contemptible s. -Napoleon III.*5;i')3
Koollsh 8. -James II. *.')33J
Niitionnls.-Win.theCoiuiu'r'r */>.'f.'l.")
Kulnous s. -Spaniards. *M.'iG
Blunder of s.-TaxInR Colonics. 2406
luiHlfinatlon addressed in .«. 8740
Masterly a. -Cromwell. 831:!
Results of s.-Cromwell. 8387
Scandalous g.-Brltlsh. 5001
Wise s. of Jeflferson. 3929
Woman's s.-Queon Caroline. 8083
Ml."*' f'ilant;ou9 1 1 -(h refiTcncc!*
Art of d.-Coni-umni Me-Nap.
Deoelt In d. -Napoleon
" of " Wm. PHI.
Deception of d. -Henry VIII.
Dejfradliiir d. nf Charles II.
Dexterous d. -Philip.
Distinguished in d.
Double-deallnK in d. Cliiis. II.
KnerKeti(! d Successful.
Treachery of d.-Knullsh.
Unfitness for d. -J Adams,
.See STATKS.MAN.
Daniferous s.-Chas. Townsend.*5;iSl
DeRtuiei acy of Knidlsh s. ♦.'kl.W •
2(193
•MW
471H
VV)
lt>!l
18H7
l.V.M
r.789
.'1714
17.18
8894
UlHI<:<'TIOIXM.
('rim.H ti f> 'fiice.
1 Isretfurdeil by (lei, Jackson. 8773
UIRIMTNKS!!.
ConiBianded Kussinn U. It •ItlOl
<'rii«» ri'liTuliCp.
In Attack "(Jo at them "
mm
.H,., l)KKVll^
Kan\ousb. <'a'»ar
•059
DINAlJlll^KinKNT.
Crotw rrf> ffnce.
of PhyslclaiiN of tharlcM H.
U71
Sei' A.N'I'AOn.M.sM.
Natuiwl a.-Proiesiant iiml c I
24.1
In Personal character M. L
761
-tiueen K. 7«:i
Unnatural a.-Kalher-Son
KHU
>-.••■ ANTH A 1 IIY.
Uttoe a. of Irish in Inland
•248
S.-,. Drl'I'KKKNc^E.-^.
Sectarian d. Persliin Turk.
5070
" " maunltled.
6071
.". ► DIStrNION
Weakness of d- Johnson.
*um
Si'o iPlVyjlSITY.
of Interests in "odety.
•1690
In Social llfe-Na|i iind peasant. 187
.See DIVISION, Ol'I'OSITlu.V mid
STllll'H in tor.
DISAPHOI^'rmKNT.
BItterd. InvuMlor's-lt. Iultou.^l60a
Fatal d. (.'icero. ♦KMW
in Life- Fountain of yciuth. •1007
Overruled (ieorK<^ MdUer. ♦1004
Trial by d. ri>lumbus. •lOO,')
with VIclory-Klchard I. 'lOOO
MlBcellanedUii oriisn-refertncen.
Delight in oflllce K.inperor Max. IH3
Expecitatlons In relltflon-L'th'r's.ri;)
In Llf«. -Cicero. 1003
" Love BllKhtcd Isaac Newton. l(W
" " -Miss I'erronet. 'iTiM
Lover's d.-Kxlle-Kiiselusko. 3841
" " -David (To. kett. 8.138
Muflnv from d.-Colui! 'US. 3758
of I'arental affection Henry II. 4005
Revenged foolishly by Xerxes. 380
Violence from d.-En(f. Monks. 217
.See DEKKA T.
HetfinnlnR wlthd Lincoln. •1488
BrlUiaril d. Nap' leon-W. ♦1489
Concealed d -Samuel ■lohn.soii.*l490
Difficult d.-Ca'sar. *Ij91
Insplrlnifd. -Bunker Hill. •1498
Instruclidfi by d. Peter I ' ■■ (i.^lWl
MortlHcation of d. -Montcalm. M494
Overwhelm Intf d.-Mos" ow. *M95
Service of d.-Bull Hun. ♦14!m
BcKlnnlnK with d Am. Rev.
Despair liy d Am. Kevopilion
Embittered by d. John Adams.
p;xenii>t from d. -Cromwell.
Fatal d.-IIora<;e Greeley.
Honor In d. -Persians at Petra
Humiliation by d. Romans,
Impossible d.-Col. Moultrie's.
MortlfyinKd. -Henry clay.
" of Charles I.
StlnRlnK d. -Persians by B.
rjHHi
l.Ml
4*11
311
4881
64.J
2008
050
4247
6i4
820
Nm rAII.I'UE.
it()|Cl>>l>l>>K with f. Doilioit.
CttilNai (>r r. KInit I nlilo.
I>l«uiiiirat(u>ii**»i by f. Up. Mo
nt Klmt Krotltirlok the Ornut
hy Iii(!oinpuUtiiitO'liiv'N'n<i(<'
Lt'M<iiiii of t. Isnorunuo.
In Mr(< KolK-rt llurtm.
t'lKtiiil f N|)iiiiUh Armada.
♦now
•aim
♦aoai
UuKlniiltiff with r. Mhelley. UilH
IIiimIui'hii r Mlndlrrctlon zm
I Mnci iiii'HKitinent f ri >fn f .- I)<<tiii)i.\iuiil
lllHh(i|> Mi^K. )»m
Mortlflciillonor r. .laiiii'Hil. »71U
MortlfyliiK f. ('nimicliTH. KlOtl
III Oratory WaibliiKton IrvliiK MUno
l(ui>iitiilli>n for r. nibultii. '4771
I(utrl<*v«(l-Uurk)i'N Rpi'vcb. 40
Huaoomi a f., Apparent. MOiiJ
aftttr r Orant. Mil
Vanity (lauHos r.-Tlinotbein. Sitl.'l
In War Kl«ht Ynars". (HXMI
" " -Htivon Yoarn'. titW
Hio KAII.IIKK.S.
MiMiiMiloritood r'nivUIuiitlal. *S()30
111 I'rofeHHlonN OolilHiiilth'H. •'Mm
Ktirinouiititd-Atlantio cable. •2031
In Life Oliver (Jolilsmlth'H. •2080
Het- DISCDI'UAdKMKNT (ri Joe.
DINANTKR.
Coiimalpd d.-(Ji'iii'riil Nash. •IBOH
Kiiorfcy by d. Hoiiians. ♦lOOl)
DlitrcsHliiK national d.-St. Clair. Be
Nil- MISFOKTI'.NK.
Born torn, clmrlfs I. •3688
CrutUty with in. -Am. Indians. *!)0'J9
Fellowship Inm.-r.. Ho-rp'rto.*30;lO
Ovorrul«d-011vir Ooldimltli. •3081
Buslnes.s ni. ovornilud. 80(10
Comfort In ra, Mahoinot lives. 15(18
Court ed-lluttle of Fr'd'cksb'rK.RSOO
Exaspt^rallon In m. feared. 1807
Greatne.sB In m. -Cornelia. 0078
" Hliown In m.-Cii)sar. 1401
n<'<'dIessiioH.s brlnijs m. SB4U
Insulted In in. James H. 8005
lnterprnt(^d by coimclunoo. 1100
Mitljfuled by conrtosy. 1800
Multiplied Melancholy by m. 3550
National m. Armada falls. 8088
Overwhelmed, Suddonly-A. 3106
Hevorsod by taet-Slave. 33
Solace In m.. Music a. 3748
Wealth by others' m.-Crassus. 083
.See MISKOKTIINES.
Effect of m.-Fred. the Great. •3039
See ADVKK.slTY, CALAMITY uuil
DEFEAT 1)1 loc.
dischakue:.
Honored d.-Lord Kochester. *1010
318
317
MI»ccllttncou9 crnss-referencea
Pretence ford, of Protestants.
Sectarian d. of soldlers-Jas. 11
.See DI.SMIS.SAL.
llumlllatlnjfd. of (,'astlcmalne.^lOOl
DISOIPLESHIP.
Honor of d.-Constantlne. •1611
DIS.V.STKH-DIHCOVKHY.
UIM'IPiaiMtlllAN.
Valued Huron Nleubnn Uuv. *IIII'J
DIM II'MNK.
Failure of d Komanii *IHI.')
()'niit'Hiln'«*rrar.»l(iH
ImpoHslbli) KnlKtl of (;hM. II. •1015
Military d lltdlNarluii. *inin
" Aur»)ll»n. •1017
Kesonted by (Jothx Athalurlo. *I01S
Btivero d. Ill Koniuii army. •1010
" " of boy Henry VI. •1(180
" -Oliver ("nmiwell. •1081
Value of <l. I'literrlrled. •108K
Want of (I. Holdlers. 'Um
Mlici'lluiuiiMlh i]rimiir«f<>reno»i.
Abandoned-Uotreat of Nap. 1405
CiiliiinesH by d. Napoli>on. 000
DoMlruc'tlve d. of .1. Howard. 411
lllfllcult ( hlld Fredorl<:lc II. 5758
FffwitlveiieMs of chrlHtliin d, (1. a'll
Knforeeinent of d. Alexander. 8IIM
I'roolse il. of child. 407H
I'resorv(!d by promptness. 4.507
by UelJKlouM tralnliiK t'romwell.HlW
HellKloiis d. relaxed ("nst'nt'lie.tWO
In H(diiiol diminished.
Self d. -Charles \ II.
Hovoro d. of monks.
H.ddlers G. XII.
Severity In School d. Luther.
Severity of military d.
Success by d. Greek navy I'.
S,.,. CIIA.HTIHEMENT.
of children H(!our({e.
Ineffective c. -Wordsworth.
Humiliating c. (ioldsmlth's.
Morality Improved by c.
Passionate c. deplored.
Moral effect of o. Salem witch.
Sec CAI.MWESS.
Christian c. J. W<'sley-Mob.
of Discipline -Napoleon.
Kxasperatlnjc c. -Socrates.
5080
1840
8H47
4174
ir'.i.'!
5181
Olio
♦7HI
1088
81101
;i711
4010
815
•008
♦i;»»
•700
Conquered by c.-Mob.
ia;)l
In Death-Monmouth.
1418
" " -Strafford.
1407
" " -Socrates.
1451
Faith produces o. -Storm.
8111
of (!ciiliis-A<lmiral Drake.
8.585
Masterly c. Napoleon I.
8;tt0
Power In c.-C^romwell.
1503
I{oll({lon secures c.H;arthquake.l087
Kollfrlous c.~Floif>rln(f.
81.50
In a Tumult Thomas Lee.
1571
See COMI'OStTKE.
before Execution ArgyUi.
58(»
Uomarkablo c. -Alexander.
53,50
See KL()(10IN(}.
Comfort under f.-Chrlstlan.
•81,50
Excessive f.-Tltus Oatcs.
♦3100
Brutality In f.-.Ieffroys's. 2808
Common-Servants-Ch. -Wives. 8H0O
Triple f.-Real and false. 27,54
.See SELF-COMMAND.
against Fear-Wllllam III. ♦,5088
See SELF-CONTUtn,.
Remarkable s.-c.-Uuke Fred. •5063
Abaii loiiiid *'. -I Kox. 5MW
In Kxcltnmmit G. WaihlDRton. iHoff
Power ovnr ol born by ■. c. iMtn
Hliiep at will Napoleon I. .580n
In HuppremilnK liidlKiiatloii. 5ilO.'t
" •' rent'lllmelit JHO-I
Weakiicsi* In M.-o. i^onfeNsed. r*mi
M»i' SKI.FI'OKSKMHION.
Uravn Admiral \^< Fort. •.5001
He« KDI'i.'ATlD.N In too.
DimoiMTKNT.
Crinw r.TereiHM.
by OIK' "uraKcment Am p'tr'tii.l08M
uiNroiiu.
Danio^ri of d. stale. *I084
Pervi>rt((d by d.-Crutaders. •1085
Shameful d.-Koman BniperorM.*1080
Mlwellnneiiua en>iiji'r»r*r«nceii.
Popular factions Blue-Green. 070
UellKlouN d. of paKanR. 4007
from Want Kamlne. 8070
Sou DI.SAdUKKMKNT uiid .STItlKK
in lm\
DIN<?OirUA«KinBNT.
Dinieult I'llttrlm falheiM. •1087
" DiMiMintent of d. •|(13H
Superior :> d. S. Adams. *I08U
MUrellnneoiii* erof^^-refereiiees
at lleKlnnlnK-Pllk'Hms.
by Dlsappolntineiit-IIenry II.
" DIst.'oi'd of Scottish nobles.
" Failure Doinosthones.
" " -lip. McKeudrec.
" Frlenils Luther's.
Inventor's d. James Watts.
" " Kilns Howe.
Overoimio by d. Cable.
" " Kenlus.
Porsovoranco In d. Mahomet.
Hemoved by dreara-N. ManKs.
by Sh^kness and death Pllurlms. 0,57
Son of Napoleon-Illrth Death. ,507
Superior to d.-Tlmour the T. 8&
" " Sir Walter Scott. 01
Undeterred by d. Lafayette. 6188
See DE.IErTIDN.
Mental d. of Wm. Pitt. ^1515
50'l
4(H)5
;k)0
8081
i083
8'J80
8075
4341
3031
.'1318
;i84n
3840
Hail weather brinics d. IMO
by Ileroavement-Southey. 5,56
Sec DESPONDENCY uml DISAP-
POINTMENT 1/1 (or.
DISOOUHAUICITIKNTN.
Ministerial d. -Mahomet's, ♦Id.lO
DISCO VKItIK»il.
Accumulative d.-I. Newton. ♦1031
Mlflcelluiieous eroMS- references.
Arts, In Useful-Davy. 3800
In Astronomy by (iallloo. 8781
by MIsslonarles-CathollcB. .30.35
Periods of d. :»80
" " "-PortuRueso. 8863
DISrOVERV.
Age of d.-Gallleo. *I038
Ambition for d.-Prlnce Henry.+I033
Heart-breaklnK d.-In(frate s. ♦1034
Simple d.-Ooodyear-Rubber. •103^
Unappreciated d. -Potato. *1636
DIH('IIETI()N-|)|H(JUA( i;
MlnrollitiKiiiit i!r>iu ri>f«r«noM,
Ageoril.-A o. lt(V^I5U. 010
Alurnilnuil.-KlgliitlriKhlarntlt'r.tiliVI
Urilllittit (I Aiiiiiillon by. IM7I
OhrlNllanltv promtiUd.-Corb'i. ail
mH
1071
(«>7
77
B7W»
87H7
Co-oporatlniii Im d.-Nowton,
Ex(sittmi*wil tr^^mA. dold-t'.
(iM>rHVlliill'>n, r.i»w-Niiwr«in.
Oritateiit it tnado bjr mliid II.
Joy (ltd li^lllni).
ruKHUm lor d. Nir Will Parry,
lilKlit l)y il 'I'rciuare.
Title hy d liml.
not lltlll/,«id <'lilti<mfl-('(iiii|)itNii.VHl7H
Vexation th" r'w'rd of d. Dr.M.'JJCU
Mcfl INVKN'I'IO.V.
byAodldwnt S|)liinlii|{ Jonny, *mnH
" -C'hauiiiiey Joromt!*!.'U»ili
Aldufl Ctniiar'itNldklei, *'J()7i)
Ai>c<reolikt<)d I'ownr loom. •iJOTI
noiiullt of I. Knrthoiiwaro. *'.>OTa
OrUUof I. KlliiH Howe. •a07l
niicoiiraKianont In I. .r. Watt.•WT.^
Kiilliirtiof 1. Oco, WiiHhInKton.'airfl
(ioiitUH for y A. Miu'olii. *',1)77
-CliliioHH. •lfl»7H
" " .JiitncH Watt. ♦•,•(«!)
Ornat l.-8pliinln»f iniifdiliio. •«()«)
Orowth of l.-Mimy mindn. *!ii>H\
rrcNorvatlon by I. Orock tiro, ♦aiwj
Havud by I. tlm Htiito. *'i\m
I'sefill I. -Chiiuncry Joromc. ♦'.'1»HI
" "-IMt-lron. •i.W.'i
In Youth ('rompton'H "mulo."*!fl»H()
Arohltdiitural l.-Mniltod. WJ
<li>idiii4 for l.-Orook.s. Uh;)
MlHoritdlted Tolo8i!opo8 by U. Il.(!l»7
I'rotocllon by l.-ArcdilinedoH. ;n.'l
I'napplltid-Chlnosc Mii({notlcn. a7.T
Victory t)y I. of (Winnon. .ViO
Want spurs l.-Wnapons Tools. 387
VS. Difficulties AuKUstuH. ♦SHIO
Practical l.-llonj. Franklin. •aHI7
of Savau'os Hatchets. 'SHIH
Success by I. -Columbus. ♦8849
Boyish I. -Isaac Nowton. 042
Female 1. -Silk- woavlnt?. 0070
<lcnlus shown by 1. -Newton. aSOJi
KnowlodRO Incrcu.sed by I. 8028
Printing mezzotints. 1898
Procress by I. -Telescope. Itwa
Ttewardod by Power-loom. 2971
Stlmulatod-New sauce. 8185
Unrewarded .Spliinlntc-.lonny. 2!M18
See INVKNTION.S.
Co-operative l.-Arkwri(fht-W.
and Polltlos-Cotton-Kln.
Se- INVKNTOK.
by Accldent-S. F. B. Morse.
Trials of I. -John Fitch.
WronKBd-EU Whitney.
" -John Kay.
♦a087
♦2988
♦2989
♦2990
♦8991
♦8992
DISCHKTION.
Hotter than vaIor-t;harlea V. ♦1637
Ml8ceII;i?teoufl cross-references.
Ruler without d. -Charles II. 2432
Wife's d. rules husband. 33.^2
See ritUUENCE in loc.
DIfK'HI mi NATION.
i '|i»t<H ri'tiTl'lH*.
Hurtful d llitnnllml M'x'inu* F.70t
DIIKillMKlON.
MI>i'<'IUiii'>iii« iriiiw ri'riircncfil,
Aiirnttinnnt Itid. ii«c'Hii'ry C. II. 8011
Candor In d KiM^hmlastlcal 7i)n
Inipiirtanco of d. Stamp Act. 8191
KoprxiiNiMl by (lov't, KitllKlou*d.rt7:i
Hupprt*SH«it AutlKirM punJHliod. litMO
DltlCUOtfllONII.
MlncKllikiiKiiiii) uriiM r>'l«r<iiic*i.
FoolUh d. I'erlcluN M)«ad h." ai70
UnprotltablH, Verl)al d. HIoIo'r.IU9I
Hre lll'lllATK.
Personality In d. S. Johnson. ♦14&7
H«« KK.\S().N1.N(».
Abandoned for action. MHO
Heu CONTUDVKItSY I'l Inn.
»iMIC.%NIC.
Destructive d. ()ni> third A. ♦1*18
"Literary" I.clK'h Hunt. ♦imi)
t'ecullarUlcsof d. W. Scott. ♦llHO
Preventable Crmiiwell. ♦1(111
I'rotectlon from <l. -Indians. ♦Iiii2
In ItullKlon .Mahomet. *li'>l''l
Survival of d. Walter Hcott. ♦Kill
MiiCi'lliini'ijiin enmH-referunces.
niemlshed by d. SiTofuIa. 2017
( Ivllfxatlon diminishes d. SKlll
Cli'anllnesH prevents d.-W. t'M
ContaKlousd. Death of Howard. .MH
Contracted from nurse. 187'.>
Corrective liujazet-dout. (Ill
Delusion from fever. l.')20
DcHtrucllve, vontaKlous d. 471
Folly of knowledRc Aristotle. 2020
Filth <!auses d.-RuKland. 2i;i2
Fits of Mahomet. 1044
Fraudulent use of d. -Mahomet. Ki I'l
Health follows d.-cholora. 2i;i2
Inipndlnient of d.-Wm. Pitt. 2H.r)
InvestlKatlon of d.-DnnKerous.44.'!0
Invited by bad air. 429
food. 4.i.l
Miraculously oured-Flstula. .'i<l2."i
NoKlected-Dropsy-Olbbon. M2()()
Overcome by mind- Wm.P.ofO. .1271
Prevalence of d. Plymouth Col. ."lOl
(iulokons thought. -J. Fitch. 1870
Hetrlbution of d.-Jail fever. 481.')
" ' 48(30
280!)
3599
KevenRe by d. -Inhumanity.
StruKiflo with d. -Life-long.
Superior to d.-Muley Moluo.
Si'O ElMDEMIO.
Destructive e. in India.
•See ll.L-IIEALTII.
Loss by l.-h. -Peter Cooper.
Superior to l.-h.-Wm. of ()r'nffo.lH97
See INKEcrnoN.
Feared-London pest-field. ^2821
See IMCSTILKNCE.
DevastatlnK p. -England. ♦41.')7
Itapld p.-Romo. ♦41.'i8
♦1912
178,'-.
Uenevolenco during p.-C. 8018
Desolating p.-London. l.')40
Destructive p.-N. E. Pilgrims. 9,')7
Iiifootion of p.-Plague. 2H21
Prevented p. -Sanitary laws. S-ViO
H..» I'l.Aill'K.
Deaolatlng p Wldnapread.
Dnatruetlvti p. Itomans.
Hi«i TIIIC SICK.
(Charity for the ». Tetzel.
Credulity uf the ». Audlojr.
S»i' HICK.NKS.>*.
Cured l)y gifts England.
FrleiiiU In h. s Johnson.
Information In s. ArUtotle.
Saintly M. ,I. W. Fletcher.
an Apology for weakness.
D*mevolonce In time of s II.
" " s, Perilous c.
Blessing In h. Pascal,
by Disappointment.
Feigned liy Demosthenes II.
l''rlend Iti s. Saniuvl Jolinson.
lilfiN cure s.
Helpful friend in s. Wm. III.
Improvement by s.- Luther's.
Invited English prisons.
Lal>or in s. Ilaida.
Love-s. fatal.
" " siielley.
" developed in marriage.
U(!ci>very l)y resolullon.
Itefornuiilon in s.-.Vhstln'oeof w. It)
HW'l
♦4190
um
INNH
l'JH.I
♦MilH
♦ni'W
•ni.'io
•,■.1.1 1
1211
•MH
IIM
4;i;),->
illlNI
•IVJ
f.l21l
,'.128
2-,».';i
illll
41114
lll.'iO
».'l II)
;i.'i,'i()
34 1.-1
mi
ir.rti
109:1
.',Ht;:i
i:ii8
Kest.IuMoti nia<ln in s.
Saved by ap(.ploxy Kev. N
Vow In s. Keligious.
S.e TIMOll.
Sacred t.- Mahomet's.
See DEATH, M laHCINE, HEM EDV,
iiiiil I'll YSICI A.N il, t,i,:
DIHUUWK.
Humiliating d, Lee ai, .\I. ♦ini.-,
IiiHUpportuble d. Clotilda. ♦Hill)
Punishment by d. In Denmark. ♦11117
Ininerlted d.-(.N>iumhus. ♦I1H8
MIsetillaneouH crr)ss references.
Anger of d., Ti'rrirying. 12f.7
Augmented by per.xevernnce. 2777
Iinindi>d on tlie cheek -Women .'.791
Itreaklng caste India,
of Cowardice-'AVhite featiier.
-" Little King."
-Daniel Scott.
i''earofd. Controlled by.
Humiliating d.-Foot on neck.
IridllTerenco to d.-Hotliwell.
Keraovod- Persecution.
S(!lf<l. -Ferdinand.
Shameful d.- English gent.
Soliiudoln d. -Coward king.
Terror of d. -Soldiers.
Unmerited d. -Religious joy In. ai.lO
" " from ancestry. 22.'.
" "-MInlstor-Thoft. 1081
of Woman, Adultery the great. ,')4.'iO
See I)E(HIAI)ATH)\.
National d. of Hungarians. ♦l.'iOO
and Poverty-Ireland. ♦1510
Social d.-Ireland. ♦1511
3.W7
1271
1272
1273
4(108
2.127
2188
■20-10
20(18
4610
12(17
12;)0
Miscellancotis cross-rcfercncci.
by Amusements- Romans. 220
" Avarice-Theodora. 1.183
" Drink-Dlonyslus. 8948
in Employment-Clergy. 924
■
i ii
coo
O/vv
DISGUISE-DISLOYALTY.
I
o/ (leniuH-tii'iitidii.
Irres(i()iiHlblt!-IrlHh people.
Legal (I. of Wointii.
Love amid <l.-Hol(Uers.
Moral (1. of Enirli.'^li clcrfty.
National d. of aborlKiiial Irish.
Sliamefii' selfd. Vlt.jllliis.
Hoolal d.-Homan masses,
by auporstltlon- Knyptlans.
, oluntary d. -Monkery.
S.'e INDKiNlTY.
Deserved 1. by Juba-lii t'ourt.*B790
1007
30-14
0111!
33.11
7^7
387!)
sync
Mr>7
3084
Base I. to dust of Ad. Blnke. lOW
ilumlllutliiKl. Captive Bajazet.yooi
•he Howard of presumption. 44'14
S,i. INJ'A.MV.
J'osthumous I. -Emperor a. ♦B8I0
Stain of 1., Ma.s8acro-Gen. J'. *d817
by Assasslnal Ion-Booth. 373
C'onsplcu ^us for l.-Commodus. 5743
Deserved I. -Titus Gates.
Exposed-Spartan bachelors.
Immortal I. of .leffreys.
for Money-Charles II.
Overlooked -I'ompadour.
itenown of l.-Erostratus.
Kemembranee of l.-"Bollman,
Ueward of '.-Assupsln.
See M(jHTIF1('ATI()N.
by Failure -C'asi!"nialne.
llaleful m. -James II.
of Defeat-Montcnlm.
by " -Horace (ireeley.
In Dlsappointni, nt-IIenry III.
of I'ridcOliver (Joldsmlth's.
4Mr,
440
2803
4088
3712
4703
"1304
a053
♦3719
♦3720
1404
4281
1011
2203
" 44,')3
" 445,5
Sec ODIt'M.
Accidental o.-Ear; of Wtr'fford. ♦3800
Braved by J. Adams. ♦asoi
See SIIAMK.
Consummate s. -Ferdinand. *512r>
Burdens life-Martyr Huss. '".Wi
by Drink-OfQclals. 2047
Horedity of s.- Ferdinand. 2000
Indifference to.".-C'mmon vice. 32(3
Indifferent to s. -Charles II. ;j470
for Intrratltude-Thebans. 28.")5
luHcii^ible to s. -Henry VIII. 458
" " -Fi '.rsham. 4002
Life (if s. overlooked. 3177
I>Iatloiial s.-EnK.-Reiirii of E. III. 87
Overwhelming s.-Boman arniy.20()2
'■ Traitor. 2705
Punishment by s.-Alexander. 2148
Vice without s.-Noblllty. 05
of Woman ovirlooked. 3712
See DISIKI.NOIl ;iti(l SLAXDEU
in loc.
Cniss-refereiice-s.
Bet.rayed-ex-(iueen Mary. *1040
Clerical d.-John Banyan. *10.50
Dangerous d -Loiigchamp. *1651
Deteoted-Clodius Pulcher. *ie,53
Difflcult-Flight of Charles L *lfi,53
Successful d.-Emp. Majorlan. ♦lOSl '
Miscellaneous <'r./»srefer«iiceii.
Adversity a blessing In d. 4.'i3l
Dimcult-Ulchanl I. 1473
for Evil deeds- I'olltlcE-Brlbery. 002
Ineffective d.-Ulcliard II. 4014
"-Jeffreys. 4843
i.n .Mas<iuorade-Deadly. :i5ia
of Patriots Boston Tea Party. 3,520
Penetrated by Joan of Arc. 2805
Perilous (1 (if martyrs. ;i500
Perioral ■ u^cessful-CharlcsIiaoil
Pride In d. Uags. 6077
Ueliglous (1. of Jesuits. ,'1012
Successful Alfred the Cireat. 5;i20
Wife d. In male dress-Spartan. 34.m:)
Sec l>IsSKMHLI\(i.
Successful d. of Faustina. *1075
Unsuccessful d. of Charles I. *1076
of Melancholy- Young. 1070
in Speech- Romans. .5202
.-^ee DISSIMULATION.
Dangers of d. -Charles I. *1077
Politic (1. of oourtlcrs. »\tuH
rolltical d. -Newcastle. ^1070
" "-Turks. ♦1080
Bellglous d. -Emperor Julian, ♦lliSl
lioyal d.-(;eorge III. *lt;S2
See AFl' .('TATION and IMl'OS-
TOli in he.
DISGUST.
Cnisn refcrenee.
Popular (l.-"Uump'' P'vl'm'nt. 2442
DIfiiHONESTV.
(lenenil d.-Hcigii of James II.*10.55
See l.\SI.\CEKITV.
Blemish of i. -I'.-esar. »288G
of Jesults-Dlssembllng. ^2887
In Politics-Newcastle.
Political 1. -James II.
Keaotion of I. -Charles I.
Kepels
1070
4a,'->8
1070
1077
2041
assistance.
See PKCKI'TION in loc.
DISHONOR.
Insensible to d. -Princes of Sp.*l(i,')C
Posthumous d. -Ad lilako. '1057
Kecompeiiseil-Ciccro's retur'i.^llJ58
*14,S7
Miscellaneous cros:'-refcrcnces.
Disguised In politics. 002
Posthumous d.-Cr'mwell's body.0,S5
Keward of d.-B|). Hall aband'ncd 2
Vices bring d.-Erap. Elagiibalus.OCO
See KFFAMATION.
Punlshcd-Titus Oates.
Sec DISI'AKAOEMENT
Intellectual d.-O. Goldsmith
.-ee DEPRECIATION.
Financial d. -Plymouth I'ol.
Foolisli d. of Martin Luther.
See mSTKI'.ST.
Prudential d. of I'ertii ax.
See INSOLENCE.
Consummate I. -Jeffreys.
Fcclestasttcal l.-Oreg(jry VIL *28K0
Official I. of Jam(>s H. *2«!»0
Resented 1. of Darlun. *280!
* 100-1
♦15.34
♦1.535
105
♦2888
Aggravating I -A. Lincoln. ,531
In Defeat-Roman Emperor, 2107
Papal I, to Henry VI. 200,'?
Patriotic I. -Am. Revolution. 49,M
I'nresented by Philip, 5207
" " Anytus, 480-1
" -Patrldt.K, 4H13
Victim of l.-Columbu,s, 1048
War occasioned by I. 1021
See KEI'liOACH.
Escape from r. Napoleon I. ^4777
Gentle r. -Anaxiigoras. •477H
Arou-d'd by r. Ilrutu.i. .300
Bribery of l)en\osth«nes. 072
Desperation from r.-ValenK. 913
Irritating r. Johnson by Ml88 S. 215
Life saved in r, l'J38
Mutual r.-James II. 1110
Nobly received-Alexander. 4031
for I'uslllanlmlty-Jiistlnian. 1238
Sec CUNTK.MI'T. DISOIIACH ami
llfSfl.T iu lin:
»1KMKK.
Natural d.-Ciueen Mary. *1050
See ANTIPATHY.
Race a. of Irish In Ireland. ^243
See ANIMOSITY.
Fraternal a -Caracalla and O. *230
of Ignorance-National. *240
I'nrcasonable, Autl Catho'io a. *2ll
See ANOKU am! IIATHK*
in /<*(.'.
DIKLOVALTY.
Dctested-HevoliUionary War. *1060
Cros.s-refcreuce.
Reparation for d.-Am. Rev.
See INS1;KUE('TI0H.
Suppressed l.-Am. RevoIutioM
See .MUTINY.
Courage against ra. -Caesar.
Cruel m. -Henry Hudson,
by Disappointment-Columbus.
Reform by m. -British uavy.
of Sailors-BrP'sh navy.
4707
. n::)
♦3750
♦3757
♦37.58
♦3759
♦37W)
Quelled by General Jacksom. 1003
S,Hil()r9' m. -Columbus. 1040
I'nparalleled m.-GcoUlsh s'ld'rM.30O
I Sec HKHELLION.
Constructive r.-Maxlmllian. ^4025
Prevented r. -Scotland. *4020
Small r.-Rhode Island. *40';
Soap r.-England. ^4028
Whiskey r.-Pennsylvania. *4020
of Army against bad food.
Catholic r. In Maryland.
Causes of r.-Confederacy.
Disgrace from r.-Cla;'(ai(l(iB.
F(jrced to r.-Parl. by James II.
Forfeiture of p. by r.
Hostility to r.-Pompey.
Incipient r. Am. Revolution.
" " -Bo.ston Tea Party,
from Insult-Persians.
Sin of r. tauglit.
of Slaves-Romans.
Soap r.-Women.
against Tyranny-Jacquerie.
Vengeance aft(.'r r.-Peter-
1003
5012
5888
1.537
;!8.53
430
•■ITT
:&>:>
3,520
2900
3824
.5200
0131
5737
287S
DLSMISSAL-DISTIXCriON.
H'^n
Soi' HEIIKKS,
Punished with Monmuiitb.
" " TomiiBln.
Denounoetl as r. falsely Ind's. 4331
Hee TKAITUIi.
Political t.-Mr. Husko. ♦r>074
PuiilMhcd by niotlit'r. ♦fiiiTr)
Hhaiuelcsa t.-Suiidorland. *5«i7(J
Indl/?nutl()n toward t.- Am. Kcv.aror)
Infamy of t.-Narao changed. 3T('>I
for UovenKo-Coriolanus. 0101
Bee TKKACUKKY.
Base t.-?hlllp VI. ♦.'ifiilO
(.'onHiimmate t.-CharlcRlI. *M'.ll
(Jold for t. -Benedict Arnold. *.">(i!ia
Message of t.-Emp". Alexaudor.*5C03
IITH
a2.»3
28,52
285V
3202
113(i
3724
2a50
■'3.520
Conquest by t.-Sextus over G. 42
in Court-Criminal.
Diplomatic t.-Kngllsh.
Uisgulsed-Civsar's assassins.
" -l<>iendshlp.
of Prlend-Hrutu8 vs. Cresar.
" " -B'rantils Bacon.
Friendship's t.-I)ick Talbot.
Infamous t.-.\ni. IJevolutloa.
' " -I'ausanias.
Ingrate's t. -Burton.
Maisacre by t.
National t.-BUigland to France. 980
OfHoe by t.-Etooclcs, 3884
Official t. to Columbus. »390()
Proof against t.-BBlisarlus. 8128
"-Patriot. 4008
Proposal of t. rebuked. 407.5
Proverbial-" Word of a king." 8041
Shameful t.-Agathocles. 153S
Thwarted by exposure. 3.518
Umpire's t. -Edward I. 5740
Hoc TRK.^SON.
Cry of t. I'atrlck Henry.
Defined- England.
Incipient t.-War of 1812.
Punishment of t.-Homans.
Ketribution of t.-Uomans.
Atrocious crime of t.
a Pretext f<jr extortion,
by Resentment -Burbon.
" -C Marcius.
Tarnished by t.-B. Arnold.
See AI'OST.'VSY in loc.
*5694
*5fi9.5
*.5«9f!
■j098
457G
2007
4109
GlOl
2.569
Uumlltating d -Castleinalne. *1G61
See DtsrilARC.K.
Ilonored d.-Lord Rochester. *1010
Pretence for d. of Prot. soldiers. 312
Sectarian cause ford, of soldiers. 317
DISOBEOIEtVCE:.
Atoned by disgrace-Johnson. *ie02
Necessary in religion-Mary B. *1663
Mlseellaneoiis cross-references.
Kxouse for d. -Nelson. litOl
Honorable d. of Lafayette. 210
PunlsbPd severely-Parent. 5104
Bee DISLOYALTY and REBEL-
LION III loc.
Intellectual d.-O. «iol(li<inith
See HEI'UKCIATION in loc
DISFAKITY.
In Battle Arbela.
of Losses In battle-N. O.
See MM HERS in loc.
»ISI»AT€H.
Demanded by Napoleon I.
See HASTE iii lac.
DISPLAY.
Confuslnir (1 Ceremonious.
Distasteful to Julian.
CrosH-ref fence.
Deception In d. -Banquet.
See E.XIIIIUTION'.
Immense e.-Am. Centennial.
'it;w
400
3;i;!i
■1005
•'lOOO
♦1007
3768
•i9a3
Eagerness of o.
Deceptive o.-Feast.
of Greatness -Napoleon I.
Military o. of Darius.
Orienfal ;; -Emp. Angelus.
Rebuked-Barb(T,
Royal o.-Constantine.
See ORNAMENT and A'ANITY
in Inc.
DIPPOSITION.
Alarming d -Wordsworth's.
Evild. Charles the Bad.
Gloomy d. of Dr. Young.
Quarrelsome d. -Louis XIV.
Savage d. of Frederick Wm.
Variable d. of Alexander.
Acquired .\varice Johnson.
Changed by discord-James V.
" adversity.
Dlstrusted-Frederick II.
-James II.
Embittered by wrongs.
Helpful d. -Alex's education,
by Heredity Frederick II.
" " -Melancholy.
" " -Nero.
Inherited by Nero.
See HEART in loc.
DIMPIITAT^OIV.
Rewarded OlIvtM' (ioldsn^Uh.
See I) Ell ATE in tuc.
DlMSl!:itIHI.11V«.
.Successful d. of Faustina.
Unsuccessful d. of Charles I.
of Beauty-Cleopatra-Antony. 5278
Brutal e.-ziisthetlcal-Ronians. 102
Dk'honorable e.-Commodus. 3430
1 iiipressive e. of bloody garments. IG
Realistic e. of Romans. 103
See MA(!NIFI('ENCE.
VS. Happiness-Abdalrahmans.'''.3382
Oriet.tal ni. -Constantinople. ♦3.'iS3
Royal m.-Arcadlus. *3;i84
Display of m-Funeral of A. 4474
" " " -Aurelian. 4<7fl
' " -Cleopatra. 00,50
" " " -Wedding-Tlmour..5!)K7
Excessive m.-Constar.tlne. 3903
See OSTE,\':'\TION.
Meritless o.-Deniaratus.
Oriental o -Chosroes',
Rebuked by Parmenio.
Ruinous o.-Anthemius.
Vain o. of Romans.
*,39fl3
*,39(11
*39(;,5
*390t;
*3()G7
3907
37li8
^80
4330
3890
10)7
3!K)3
*1008
♦1009
*1(;70
*107I
♦1072
♦1073
42.5
300
1070
2202
3990
4805
4790
2,551
3500
5260
1347
♦1074
•107,5
♦lOTO
MI«':elIaiieons cross references.
Artful d. of Faustina,
of Melancholy Young,
in Speech Rimians.
See IIECEI'TION In loc.
UISNKNSION.
rrossretVreiice.
Religious d. In HefDrmatlon.
DISSllTldl.ATIOIV.
Misc'liaiieuus ernss-rel'eri-nees
Affable <1. of poliiliian.
" " " Turks Proverb.
Sie DECKI'TION in Ivc.
DISSIPATION.
Philosopher's il.-S. Johnson.
Youthiuld.-E. A. I'oe.
1075
107i»
8292
MO
1679
108O
*l(Wi
»ltW4
Miscellaneous eross-referencesi.
Clerical d -Old England. 925
" " -Eighteenth century. 941
Despondency remov'-d by d. 5419
Re.ietion of d,-Cartwright. lOH'l
.Shortens life-" Arteinus Ward. ".3283
See AMUSEMENT, INTEMPER-
ANCE and VICE in lor.
DISSI7ASION.
Impossible -Cortez. *u;85
DISTItVCTION.
Cross-reference.
Military d.-Belisarius. IWG
SeeDKiNITARIKS.
Multiplied -^■irglnia Colony. *I.5,82
See EMINENCE.
by Advcrsity-Atiiiiham Lincoln. 8;^
ill Allegory .lohn Bunyan.
" Art, Superior e.
" " " " -Rapiiael.
" Selfsa'jrilii'e Bishop Coke,
See E.XCEI.l.ENCE.
Test o! 0., Tii'ie the.
without Credit Emp. Cratian.
Imitiitioii proves e.
See FAME.
Belated-J. (i. Adiiins.
by Competition W'm. Parry.
Costly f.-sir Walter Scott,
by l)iseovery-N. W. passage.
Distant f. Lincoln-Italy.
Impostor'.s f.-Tilus OUes.
by Infamy-Assassin of Nap.
Locality for f.-Napoleon in E.
Perverted-Memory of C.
Posthumous f.-Columbus.
Regarded-" What will h. say?'
Sudden f. of Byron.
" " -Horner's St. Hoax.
Trialp of f. -Walter Scott.
Uudetired-Emp. Maximus.
Ambition for f.-Th»mistocles.
Ambitious for f.-Tiajan.
108
.•M7
:!m
1,570
*1!)0H
1107
284
*2040
♦20fr
*20.f8
♦2049
♦•050
♦2051
♦2052
♦20,53
♦205 1
♦2055
♦2050
♦2057
♦',>058
♦2059
♦2000
189
2307
\h
824
DISTRESS— DIVISION.
hi
m
<!oiitradlotl()n-(lreat vs. M. 2-IH5
Delayed, Milton's. i!3v!.")
Desired next to power. !!),">
Dlintiiutioit of f. a470
DlmlnlsbliiK f.-Tblrty authors. 3)104
lucreaBlnif posthumous— Uurns.aiHl
Literature uecesmiry to f. a31 1
Morlted-Krederlck H. 5H08
Misappropriated f . -( 'harle.-, Lee. 4789
Monuments of f.-I'yramlds. 2305
NeRleet followed hy f. 3270
Omission of f.-T. Cromwell. 2580
I'lissiou for f.-Themlstocles. 189
' -Kred. the (ireat. 208
without Popularlty-II. Clay. 1310
Toll for f.-VirK'il. 2;iU
Undesirable f. shame. (5003
Wide-extenrte( f . of Wash. 3081
Sou CiKKATNE.s.S.
Hlot on Dryden's >;. ♦2409
iJurdensonie g.-O. Cromwell. ♦2170
Burled k.- Alexander. ^2471
by Contrast Charliimnnne. ♦2172
Downfallof jj. Columbus. ^2473
Dieam of p. -Cromwell. ♦2471
En<I of K.-Saladin. ^2475
Fletiiious (?.-D'A!buquorqup. ♦24,0
of (iooduess-Cosmo de Medlcl.^2477
Inipossible-l-'r. under Chas. IX. ♦2178
Multiplex K-Ciusur's.
Patriotic K-<'rom well's.
Proof of jr. -Uohert Burns.
Ueeofjnized Iticlielieu.
Threefold fj. of Francis 1.
with Viee-Ilaniilbars.
by Wisdom-Alexander.
♦2479
♦:ii80
*2im
♦24.'<2
♦248,'!
♦24at
♦2485
In Adversity Cornelia. G072
Art vs. War, FiiioArtof Greece. 4200
Assumed k -Despised-Nero. 4325
" " -I'liwortl.lly. 4:57
Blemished by vice. 2484
Blot on R. of Alexander. 3711
Detested-Hestraints of k. 34:30
Disappearance of Pompey's g. .5719
Evinced in architecture. 2487
Field required for g.-MlIton. 2335
of Goodness-Pericles. 2.'595
" " -National -Enfi. 2390
by Great dceds-'l'liemistoclcs. 31
Incompleted k -Cicero. 2.S.S0
Natural g. of Lutlier by Carlyle. 709
Overpraise of (,'. Pompey's. 4370
Personal g. of Oliver Cromwell. 13'22
Ke^pectcd r.-(;. WashinKton. 37.38
]{i'liculed-Fm)ieror iJullan. 4894
of Soul-Muley Moluc. 2501
True t'.-Alfred the Great. 4902
" " -Charles Martel. 4903
" "-Canute. 4904
Unsurpassed military {r.-Ca>par.4312
Vanity with p. Klizabeth. 5775
Siu INK.VMY.
Posthumous i. of Emperor C. ♦2816
Stain of 1. -Massacre-Gen. P. ^2817
by Assassination-.I. W. Booth. 373
Conspicuous for i.-Commodus. 5713
Desp-ved by Titus Oatos. 4.505
Exposed to i. -Spartan bachelors. 440
Immortal i. of Jeffreys. 2802
for Money-Charles II.
Overlooked-Poinpadour.
UemembranccMif i.-" Bollman.
Kenown of l.-Krostratus.
Reward of I. .Assassins.
Sec MKIIIT.
Evidence of ra. -Promotion.
Force of m.-Poet Terence.
I((norance of m. -Saracens.
Nobility by m. -Napoleon I.
Partial m. -Samuel .Johnson.
Pr< motion by m.-Antflo-Sax.
Sup'smacy of m. N'upoleon I.
4088
3712
"13<)4
47(a
2052
♦;i5N9
♦3590
*35U1
♦3592
♦3593
♦3594
♦3595
VS. Adulation Atheidans. 5337
Borrowed m. eliai'Ked-Raphnel. 445
Combined m. of Raphael. 440
Crown of m. Romans. 13'25
Kucouragement to m. -Crown. 13','4
llonors without m. 39i;3
" for III.-" Win spurs." 2030
Less than money. 3071
Mediocre ni. despised by Shelley. 197
vs. M(Tlt-Aloez. 3074
Nobility of m. Sentimental. 1917
Overk" '.ed-.Iohn Adsims. 4311
Persecuted by inferiors. 20.'ir,
Precedence of m., Small. 41398
Promotion by m. Cn ..ell. 1512
" " " Spartans. 1822
Recognition of m. by Timcur. 1.307
Respect for m. -School. 4891
Rewarded vs. Rank. 503')
Royalty of m. -Cromwell. 2320
of Saints Transferred by pope. Ill
Success by m.-" v'> in hisspurs.'TiOO
" " " -A. .lohns ;n.
Test of m.- Fight-tVcrbern i.
Woiren, Four perfect.
See I'Uia'KUKNCE.
Infinitesimal p. -S. John: 'J .
'.Quarrels for p.-.\inl)a8sadors.
" " "-Greek'
Valued ^'iisHr.
5-110
3338
00,0
'4.398
♦4399
♦4^00
♦4101
Declined by woun/nd Nelson.
(iuarded-Napoleon vs. Pope.
Ludicrous regard f(>r i).-(;ourt
(Quarrel fur p. -Louis \1V.
Seol'HlvK.Mi:>KN('r:.
Surpassing p. Ge(> Witsldugt<ui.l928
See I'KOMOriuN.
Earned-Gcneral (Jraat.
Jo'jose p.-.\apol"on.
Loss by p. -Saturnlnus.
offensive p.- Senators.
Providential p. -Queen Eliz.
Rimiarkablc p.-Comwell.
Unexpected p. -Cromwell's.
2508
1320
7,50
1071
♦4.507
♦4508
♦4509
♦4510
♦4511
♦4512
*4513
Alarndng-Pertinax-not death. 105
Changed by p.-.\rchbp. Pocket. 882
Deserved p -Lannes at Lodi. 648
Fiiilure by i).-SoUlli;rs. 5009
Peculiar p.- Cook chief engln'er.l239
Rulncil by p.- Young Carinus. 1701
Shameful p. by disgrace. 1111
Undeserved ji. of anadv'ut'r'r-V.494
See KK.N'OWX.
for Honesty-Aristides. *47Ga
of Infamy-Erostratus. ^4703
Literary r.-Sainuel .Johnson. ^4704
Noble r.-P«rlcles.
•4765
by Archltecture-Perlcios. 1769
See AKISTOI'UACV :in(l IIONOUS
i>i toe.
DISTRKSS.
Ml»cell:iire,,u.H eriisa references.
Abstinence In d. 3063
.Amasemcmt followed by d. 28
Public d. utilized for gain. 683
See AMiT'lSii, PAIN and TOIl-
TUKK in lot:
DIJSTRITST.
Concealed- Romans.
See SI'S1'I(!K)N in Iw.
DISUNION.
Weakness of d. ,Johns<ni.
See DISCOKl).
Dangers of d. to the State.
Perverted by d. Crusaders.
Shameful d.-R. Emperors.
♦1687
♦1688
♦1024
♦1625
♦1020
MiscclIaneoUH erdss-reference.s.
Popular factions' d. -Blue-Green. 970
Relif;ious d. of Pagans. 4097
from Want Famine. 2070
.See DIVISION and DIVORCE
ill ti'f.
»ivi<:rsion.
Mental d. dangerous-Ciesar. ♦1689
^!i(^cell;llIe^nl^ er'i«s- references.
Mental d.-Logaiithm.'i by Nap. 3826
of Thought-Policy In. 3627
See AMUSEMENT in !m:.
DIVKR.MTY.
of interests-Society.
•1690
Criiss-referencc.
in Social life Napoleon-Peasant. 187
See CIIAMiE in lor.
DIVINITY.
Proof of d. required. '1091
('rij.ss-referencc.
of the Soul Pythagoras. 5209
See DEITY in Inc.
DIVISION.
Helpless by d.-Aurclian.
Necessary d. liar Allies
•1692
♦1093
♦1094
•1095
Partisan policy of d.
Ruinous d.-Uom:in Empire.
by War-Roundheads-Cav'!l'rs.^ie90
Wei'kness by U. -Germans. ^1097
Mlscell;ine(jii.s eruas-referenccs.
Caste d. In India. 3537
■ " " " 943
Conquered by d. -Armada. 1885
2818
Fonented by lawyers. 3166
by Food Scots-English. 1913
Needless conjugal d.-W. and M.59:)8
Result of d., Onexpected-Rom. 078
■Weakness by d.-P. of R. t'w'rd (;.79
See ANi AOONIS.M.
Natural a. -Protestant and C. I. 243
In Personal character-M. L. 701
-Queen E. 703
Unnatural a.-Father-Scm. 1064
See ANIMOSITY.
Fraternal a.-Caracalla and G. ^239
of Icnorance-National a. •240
Unreasonable, Anti-Catholic a. ♦241
DIVORCE— DRAMA.
See ANTirATIIY.
Itaoe u. of Ii'IhIi in li'eluud.
Sue lUSAOUEKMENT
•f Physicians of Cliui-les II.
Sei' DIVKKSITY.
of Interests in society.
in Socip! life-Nap. and peasant.
See DIKFEKENCKS.
ijOL'tarian d.- Persian vs. Turli.
" -Matfiiitled.
See lilSTNlDN.
Weakness of d.-Jolinson.
Sec ICSTHANdlOMKNT.
Connubial c W in. and Mary.
sicoi'i'ijsri'iu.N.
Ii(,'iii'fit.s 'I o.-Cliriatianlty.
of l'"oll,'-".SLruut Mtchts."
Jielp by o. Persecution.
Impolitic o,-Tuxutioii.
Political o.--'resid(;ut Tyler.
Prepared o. -Politics.
Proof by o. -Reaction.
rs"lcsd o. of Uulli.s.
<'oiiciliation by bribery. \dan\M
t'ourled (^ualcrrs in New En^;.
Female o. to litur^y-'Scol^
Koolish o. to cotton jtooits.
.Mutual o.-Cato-Sclplo.
OliHtructive o. -Scots.
Perseverance in o. .of shivery.
of Prejudice to highways.
Provolsed-IJoiiatists.
by Slander of fiunyiin.
" " Wesley.
" (.'onstantine.
Vice in o. to vioe.
of Wile, Violent o.
!^. f I'AKTIKS.
Difference in EiikUsIi p. *
Independence of English p.
Natural in poliiics-Two p.
Opposite p. among Komaus.
I'assion of p. -Romans.
Value of Knglish p.
in Politics needed for liberty.
Si-'e I'AKTISAN.
by Contagion I'arliamentary.
Effective p. -Rev. J. Swift,
vs. jlediator-Janies II,
in Politics-Right or wrong.
See PARTISANS.
Appointment of p -Pres't Polk
Bitterness of p. -Politics.
Hurlful influence of p.
Judges-Jefifreys' court.
t)verruied-Mexican War.
Protected by p.-Sylla.
Reign of p.-131ue-Creen.
See I'AIiTY,
Changed, Ilonorabiy-Palkrnd.
■tin
*1690
187
.'•)<)T0
M', 1
*h;s«
*l',);'l
*;!!«-
. U7l)
. :i,'io-
tiva
1.S09
iir.")
1-17
4411
3,"C0
5171
517;i
5174
3(Xtt
5IGK
*40I0
*4llU
*10I8
*401M
♦1UI4
*4015
*4017
*40iri
.3,>I7
4L'04
^'76
vm
41()X!
■■ira
3«.S'.>
070
*4018
<'onfes«ed in.iudieiously-Andre. 1043
Controlled by p. 41(5;)
See SKI'AKATIiiN.
Necessary-Army of James II. 315
Punishment by s.-Adulterers. ti4
Safety by s.-Early (iermans. 3000
See CASTK, DISCOUD, IIATKED
and STlvIFK in Luc.
DIVOHCE.
Advocated-Jolm Milton. ♦1098
Agonizing d. -Nap. -Josephine. ♦10',)!)
Causes of d. -Confucius. •1700
Conveuleut d.-Carinus. ♦17ul
Demoralized by d. -Romans. •170^>
Disallowed-N. K. Puritans. *1703
I First Roman d.Carvilius. *1704
of Mothers-American Indlans.*1705 Mine
Onesided d. Roman. *170(;
Permissible- Roman law. *1707
Regulated Kmp ror Augustus.* 1708
Views of d. Re oiiners. *1709 '
DONATION.
rrii.sMrelerenei'.
National d. of Caiuians to R,
See (;i:.m;k()si'i'v ,» i,„;.
DOUBT.
Expressed-Marelus Crassus.
Philosophic d. Academics.
b-ib
172
♦1713
*ITI3
hiJiriius eross references.
MUcellaneous croas-referciicon.
Adultery confessed for d. 2188
Anguish by d. of Joseplilne. lill
Chosen l)y both, permissible. .'il'.iO
Conmianiled-Deelliied. 27s8
Common Roman Empire. ;!i:::)
by Corruption of pope Alex. VI. i;70
fnun FaLsc union-llcnry VIU. ,'JIM
I'car of a d. by Josephine, 178
of Innocent one-Miihomel. 'iiVi
I.oo.^eiiess in d. -Romans. ;!li;o
Marriage before d.-A. Jaelisou.ai.v!
-Misdirection of d.-Mahuiuel. i;3
I'retext for d. -Henry VUl. dOtiy
" " Peter III. r,()U!)
Required without eause. ."in;
" by superstition. ."l.',5
Rival a[iplicatioiis ford. imv.\
Suspici(m requires d. -Caesar. 194L'
Unknown for 520 years. 34d'J
See niSCDVKKY.
DOCTRINES.
('rns».refc>reiice.
Zeal ford Wm. P of Orange. 4l(il
2032
56!)
41,-,5
♦1714
*Ii;87
Mlscelhmeous cmss-references
Confusion in d. -Union of all.
Erratic d. of Milton.
Mixed d. -Gnostics-Christians.
Perverted-Early Christians.
vs. Preferments- Arralnians.
Tested by fire-Sectaries d.
See OKTlIODU.Xy.
Blue o.-" Blue " and " Green."
Denied for Office.
See CREKDS, HKUETR'S, PK
SECUTIOX anil TIIEOL-
iXiY ill lor.
DOG.
Miscellaneous crosr-referenees.
Combat with d. Cerberus.
Fidelity of soldier's d.
Misused d., Alclbiadcs'.
1937
3!)22
1937
1932
4308
2087
970
a'iOO
3.3,'38
3578
]30e
DOGS.
Miscelliineons cniss-referenccs.
Martyred by d -Nero's-per't'n. 1358
Provision for d. Cyrus.
Serviceable-Shepherd's d.
DOn.lIN.
*'ros--retV'feiiCl'.
Purchase of d. -Louisiana.
4285
2.38
1078
Dishonors God Bunyan.
Temptation l.. d. Munyun.
Wavering beiruys doubi.
I»Ol IITS.
Overcome by inner voice.
See lUSTlirsT.
C'l.nceiileil (I. Uomaiis.
S,- LNiKEIil-LITY.
of I''rieiiils Muhoniut's family. 0201
Popuiai- I. l;iil,erl Fulton. g:)iiij
.•-le ^^■.'il'I(■I(l.\.
Above s.-<a'sar's wife, *5I70
Clamorous s. I'l'ee Masons. *.5477
Appeal to .\le\an(l,'r's s. 1018
from a Dream .Anligonus. 2,"i23
Exposed to s. Pliilolas. .■!7I1
Overconlidence liegclss. 3528
Sectarian s. Jesuits. ; 175
Slender men-s. of Ciesar. 21)3
\ii'limofs. "The Preionder." (J22:i
Sir UMiKElEF.
by Intercourse ClirisUans. *.")7I9
" Peril- Reign of James II. *57,50
Primitive u. Christian. *575I
Vicious u. Sanuicl Johnson. *5748
vs. Fanalir -m.
2083
■ l''ailh-(ontrasted.
2229
Sre INFlliKI.n V in !u
DICAI^.\GE.
.Hellenic of d.-Cliarles 1.
♦1715
Su ;(:v»n l,y d. -Romans.
♦171B
DOMINION.
Boundless d. -Roman. *1710
Proofs of d.-Persiiins. *]~11
S.-e i.iiVKItN.MFNT in too.
■Misitilih. ■11113 eruss-references.
Agriculture Improved by d. 1715
Death by 1,-iik of d. 4158
Health iiy d. .(ulin Howard. 4165
Opposition to d. Sport.'imen. 1128
DHAITI.l.
Indecent d -Twelfth century. *1717
Literature uf tlie d. Greece. *1718
Origin of d.-Rome. *1719
Religious d. in ehnrches. ♦1720
Misci'Ihiiifiius erf I.S.S- reference.
Degraded by scenic macliinery, 220
See Al'TOKS.
and Actresses-Origin of a. *43
Dishonored by Roman law. *.14
Respect for a by S. Johnson. *45
Infamous a. -Success of Roman. 220
Punished at whi|)j)ing-po8ts by P.222
See CO.MKHV.
Undignified employment in c. .3038
^eo (iESTlrl-J.ATIOX.
Oratorical g. oppo.scd. 1854
Specialty in g.- Actors. 2;i.")2
See PA.NTOMI.ME.
in Jurisprudence-Romans. 3!)85
Scandalized-Marozia. assii
^:^;
I)I{I':a.m-hai{Ni:stni:ss.
p.
See TIIKATUK.
Corrupted ICi)Kll»h t.
DanRors of t.-S. Johnson.
I.loentiotisness and t.
Opposition to t.-Dr. Dawson.
" " " punished.
licstorcd-KnK. HcHtoration.
and .Sensualliy-Koman t.
Vicious t.-Knglish.
De({enerated-Uell(;ioin orltflu,
Iinmorul and destruotlvo u.
I'leasure in t.
I'olillcal power of t.
shameful exlilbltions.
See THK.\TKI('.\I,S.
in f'hurches- niblical.
Condemned by Solon.
DRKAiTI.
Directed by d. -constantine.
Kcalized-CIcero's.
Kcgard for d.-Am. Indians.
♦5583
*55H.j
♦,">5WI
♦5:.Mr
*xm
♦55H!t
♦55110
■I.)
103
341
lM(i
4533
*,").V.II
*5,5!t:J
♦17-Jl
♦nx'3
Sinful d.-Joan of Arc.
Mlso-Uaru'oiia criiss-referenci
Discovery by d. -Relics.
Kncouragcd by d. -Minister.
Knoourafrement by a d.
of lleaven-MahonjPt's vi«it.
Influeiiti"! d. -Edmund Uicli.
Instruc ion by a d.-Alexandf
Punislied for a d. Death.
Heproof in d. -Friar.
Susi,.(.ion awakened by a d.
DREA^TIS.
Verified d.-Kich'd Huardraan
\'isi()nary d. -Napoleon I.
4Cri
;«4(1
3705
awi
3180
r 1514
1J8MI
3304
3533
.♦1734
♦1735
Miaccllaiioniis crii^^-referencis.
Deceptive d. in bereavement- L. 891
Direction by d.-Savajjes.
Horrible d. of Bunyan.
Urivelation in d. -Temple Ino
See AHSTUACTKlN.
Art of a -" Waistcoat button
Blunder's by a. Xewton.
Dangerous a. -Archimedes.
Absence of mind-O. Goldsmith. 00!)
Aroused from a.-S. Johnson. 3;jl0
rhilosopher's a. -Archimedes. 1905
Youthful a. by study-X^-wton. 210O
" -Study of Pasqal. 3334
See I!i:\-KItIE.
Discovery by r.-Cravitalion. 3395
I.O'^t in r. -Samuel Johnson. 3310
See VISION i,t Inc.
DRESS.
Criminal d.-Joan of Arc- Male, "nao
Kxclianged d.-uoan of Arc. *i7:'7
Kxtravagance in d.. Period of +1738
" "-Mid. Ases^l73.)
■• " Loss by. *1730
Impressed by d. M. Luther. ♦173!
Investment in d.-S. Johnson. *1733
Legislation .,.. d.-I'neland. *I733
*;735
" " " *1730
an Obstncle-0. Goldsmith. *1737
Preaching against d.-FJIzb'tli*17;«
3301
3733
5313
' *19
*30
*3I
*1739
Dislike for ceremonial d.-Nap. 751
Kxtravagance vs. I'arslmony. 4(MW
of Diocletian. 30 j
Fantastic d.-('()Mstanline. 5773 '
Indifference to d. -Cromwell's 203
Neglect of d. -Dissipation. 1084
" " -Samuel Johnson. 3313
Neglected by absence of mind. 30
Ornaraentnl d.-Am. Indians. 30C1
Uegulated by law Homans. 3410
rnehanged-Visitor-Mrs. Wash. 3780
DUEL.
Combat by d. -Alexander.
Murder by d -Alex. Hamilton.
Xaval d.-Paul Jones.
Proposed by monarchs.
Keliglous d. -Wellington'.".
♦1740
*1747
♦1748
♦1749
* 17.10
Vanity in d.-(.'onstaiiliiie.
5773
'• "-Tiribazus.
5773
" "-" Fine coat."
5770
-Goldsmith.
5777 (
See .IKWKI,i;V.
Passion for J. Henry VII.
*;!033
Kxtravagance in j. -Charles
1. 3(UI
Treason for j. Woman. 5Cit8
See CLnTlllM; in lur.
DRI>KIN(;.
MIm'OlliiiU'Miis i'rn<.< rcl'ereiu'es.
.Ancient English d. ^1740
Art in d. -Samuel Johnson. ♦1741
Effects of d. Samuel .l(ihnson.*1743
" *1713
See DUrNKKNN'KsS vi tin;.
DRfGUrST.
i'nisH-retVreiiee.
Eminent d.-Sir Humphry Davy. .'^O
DRUIVKARD.
Mtscellaiieiuis (T.i^s-rererencc.s.
Converted d.-IrUhra.m. 1183
Habitual and constant d. 1741
Happiness of d. -Present. 3031
L'nconscious appeal of d. 1741
See INTKMl'KIlANf'K hi l„c.
DRUNK EN \E.SS.
Melancholy by d. -Alex's fury. *1744
Punished- Drunkard's cloak. *1745
Miscellunoous crort:^-roference?.
Folly of d.-Pargorous-Alboin. 3971
Judicious clerical d. 3708
Paradise of d.-Anc'nt Germans. 3988
Punished-Death-Official. 3790
Miflc'l-inof^ns crnsy-refereiieo.'*.
Challenge to tight ^ ■:. unacc'p'd.89i
Combat by d.-Gen(,rals. 1.543
I'nglorious d.-Commidus. 5,'*33
Needless d. -Decatur-Barron. 4-595
Tnal by combat-Gauls. .3054
V'ar ended by d -Thebans. .3884
See DI'Kl.S.
Inequality in d. Josiah (^uincy.*i751
DL'liNESS.
(-'i''i^s-ret'ere?iei-.
Intellectual d. rebuked. 740
See STl'I'IDITV.
Hopeless b. of Jaiuex II.
Improvident s. -Gold- seekers.
Insult of s. -James II.
Mistake of 8. -bag vs. Pearls.
Ofllcial s. -Newcastle.
*537i)
3807
3903
3733
2710
3717
1553
373 »
" " -Traitor-Arnold.
Traveller's s. -Crusaders.
See DI'l'KS in lot:
DUIflB.
t'ross-reference.
Dellverod-Son of Cro'sus. .539.".
D17PES.
Miscellaneous eross-references.
Day of d. -France. 1 1; I
Undecelved-Kulned. 331 1
See roi.l.Y ;iii.l STCIMDITV
ill ;..-■.
DOPLICllTY.
National d. (iueen Anne. ♦1753
Mlscelhineuurt cross-refereiice.-i
Uellgious d.-Sclaler.
shameful d.-F. North.
Shameless In d.-Leo X.
Success by d. -Louis XI.
See DKCKI'I'IO.N' in Ion.
DUTIES.
Highd.-Kelgnof Wm. III.
470<)
3040
43.51)
5391
* 17.5.3
Cro.sBrefereiiec.
Reciprocal d.-Wm. and Mary. 2090
DUTY.
MlBCelUneoua cross-rt ferciices.
Discouragement in d.- Honesty. 1015
Faithfulne^s to d.-Bunyan. 4393
Fidelity to d. expected. 4040
Joy In duty donc-M. Luther. 10!)3
Life leas than d. 27H.8
Mistaken d. -Crusaders. 1.520
Obedience necessary-Joan. 15.57
to d.-John Milton. 604
Protection In d -William HI. "^0^3
Supremacy of d. -Mahomet. 3007
D\VARF.«i.
Cro-'S-referencc.
Lunar beings-Ssvedenborg's v. 305^
D\VEL.K.IiV(iiS.
Plainness In d.-Lycmrgus. ♦17.)4
See AllClHTECirKE uiul IIO.ME
ill lor.
EAR1.Y RISINO.
C'rofs-relVrriice.
Sleepiness from e. r. 5200
EARS.
Miscellaneims ernss-references.
Amputated o. -Punishment. 2040
Importance of e.-War. 5887
Insult by boxing e. ii
Trophy In amputated e. 5939
EARNESTNESS.
Eloquence of e.-Peter-IIermlt.*lT.'''5
vs. Humor-A. Lincjoln. ^1750
Success by e -Wo'hI.;'. sWord.*!757
Miscell. (• 'H .T v- : ,"i , •■■ ,08.
Accepted I o ■ . .n ■■■: i. ';"■■
Convlndug e.-Ma : jet. 'B
Ev'.i. ce of e.-c; '! .. -. '<■ V
Impreesive e. of Brutus. 6181
Lack of clerical e. 045
I'atitollc e.-Kobt'it Morrl«. 40M
Pownrof one man-Hermit. 1870
Ridicule overcome by e. 4(!5fi
Savage e. of CHjsar-Hampartof. (iOC
Success rewaids e.- Cable. 'MUl
Victory bye -Marathon-Charge. 4ti7
See .\cTivrrv.
Military a.-Romann. *3()
Determined-" Close action."
Success by unexpected a.
See ARUUll.
Soldiers a.~Bllnd John-Crecy
See DKTKK.MINWTION.
A88erted-''Sword shall give It.
Emphatic d.-Stone-My ballot
Klxcd d.~Joan of Arc.
Obstinate d. -Scotch Prosb's.
Strange d.-Joan of Arc.
for Success-" Win his epurs." ♦ISOO
Want of d.- Philip of France. ♦15GI
Youthful d.-Aldbladps. *15«2
1001
1401
•207
♦IDM
*15,'J7
♦l.V,H
♦l.WO
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Ambitious d. of Alex. Hamilton. 185
Resolute d. -Luther to Worms. 1241
Success by d -Wadsworth. .SO.'iO
See KXKlUiY.
Compllmented-Napoleon [. 'IHOO
Expression of o.-Gen. (irant. ♦IKOl
Individual e.-Rienzi. *I893
Military e.-Emp. Trajan. ♦ISOS
of Patriotism-!. Putnam. *1804
Success by e.-C"rd'nal Wolsey.*]K0.5
Surpassing e. -Mahomet II. *189()
by Climate-Hungarians. 953
;n Disaster- Romans. 1609
Expressed-Ciesar. ICS.S
Lack of e. brings disaster. 2025
Navy created In 60 days by R. 39
Personal e.-"Chus.the H'mer."2187
See KNTHUSIASM.
Patriotic e."Indepe'd 'nee H.''*10n3
Persistent e.-Lord Nelson. *1004
for Philosophy- Archimedes. *I005
Remarkable e.-Joan of Arc. *100G
Soldier's e. -Manassas. *liKi7 ,
EAHTIIQl'AKK-KATING,
in Old Age-Thomas Coke. 3644
Partisan e. -Lincoln's rails. SUM
I'atrlotic e.-Am. Revoluiltjn. 403(1
"-Bunker Hill. 1804
Popular e. -Patriotic Paris. 3211
" welcome of Nap's son. ,507
e. cultivated. 4323
Religious c -Crusades. 1375, 137ti
" -Pilgrimages. .5081
" -VVoman'B-Isabella.4I82
Soldier's e. -Benedict Arnold. 4040
of Soldiers-Confederates. 1007
Springs of e. -Religion \Var-(i. H17
Stimulated by courting danger. 647
" at crisis-Banner. 651
Strange o.-Prolongcd-Crus'dc.'j. 41.50
Successful religious e. 3036
Success by e. -Crusaders. 4705
" " "-Cromwell's sold'rs. 311
of Superstii ion-Joan of Arc. 228
Victory by e. -Saratoga. 5814
of Vlctory-W. at Waterloo. .3030
Youthful-All. 0201
-Lafayette. 6188
See IIASTK.
Defects of h. in Fine Arts. *2i')24
Needless h. -Ad. Drake. *2r)25
Imperils jusMce.
Patriotic h. -Israel Putnam.
Perilous h.-Crucaders.
In Writing-Samuel Jo'r.nson.
See ZEAL,
in Art-Protogenes.
Christian z.-G. Whltefieid.
Eucouraged-Llncoln.
Imprudent z. -Puritans.
Ineffective z.-John Milton's.
Misdirected z. -Religious.
Punished z.-Charles Wesley.
Sectarian z.-Jamcs II.
Unrewarded-Prc lender.
.3051
4030
5701
404
♦6215
*C2I0
*6217
*G218
♦C219
■^6220
*622I
*6222
♦6223
Affecting e. for M. Theresa,
of Affection for Coesar.
Aroused by Sclpio Africanus.
in Battle-Philip,
for Battle-Charles XI r.
Beginning of e., Remarkable.
4035
8251
5702
5945
3752
2090
Church-bulIders-Jewish temple 863
Despair followed by e. 1906
Eloquence of e.-Peter the H. 1755
.^vil 6. for Tetzel, 4309
b7 Exatnple-Joan of Arc. 653
of ?anaticlsm-Joan of Arc. 2086
Inventor's e.-Johu ntch. 2090
Lack of e. -General Lee. * 1045
for Liberty-Lafayette. .3220
Literary e.-Sanmtl Johnson. 404
Maiden martyr's c.-Scot. 4142
Jlissionary e. of Irish. 88.37
" " -Spatiisb. 3()33
" " -Columbus. .3641
-Thos-. Coke. .3644
of Affection-John Howard's. 122
in Benevolence-,Iohn Howard. .541
of Christians-Primitive Church. 8,34
Church-b'ildingz.-J'wish t'mple.8C3
" -St. Sophia. 865
Convert's z.-Ali-Mohanimedan.ll84
Excessive z. for religiou.s pros. 190
Intolerant z. of Bishop Mark. 883
Ministerial z. of Dr. Coke. .539
Pretended z.-Charles II. 2215
Religious z. of women-Quakers.4129
Woman's z. in religion. r>i33
" " " reform. 6124
politics. i;il4
in Worship-England. 1733
EARTriQlJAKK.
Destructive e. -Ancient. *17."i8
Miscellaneous cross- nt'iTence-*.
Alarmed by e. at London. 1087
Appalling e. at Lisbon. 731
EtRTHQUAKES.
Periods of ancient e. *;7ri0
EASE.
Irreligious e -HaT^iuei Johnson. *17(i0
Sec l.VDIFFEItEM'K .1:1.1 INIW L-
(iEXCE )■/- (or.
s-.'r
BANTER.
CroSB-refiTcrice.
Bloody e. -Sicilian Vecpeis.
1340
EATINd:.
Custom ill e. English.
♦KOl
-Roman.
*I702
.Mli*celUneou« cross reference.
,
Club" Inimitable Livers."
<MM
Conversation in e. Spartans.
2182
" '• desired.
3(UI0
(iluttony-Hospltality.
2630
See AliSIINKXCK.
Certainty by a. S. Jolnnon.
*ll
Limit of a. in fasting.
*15
Pru<lentlal a. by experience.
•It;
Twofold a. -Wine and water.
'17
UiiOonscious a. fromf.-Shellc
y. 'IH
in Distress of mind.
o063
" Excitement-Cianiblers'.
Dllf)
" Grief Wife of James 11.
liOfiK
Necessary-" One glass."
20.-5
Nobility in a. -Alexander.
.■.095
Self-conquest by a. Mahomet
.5077
See Al'I'KTITF.
Fastidious a. of Ant(jny.
♦■,T>.-i
Indulgence of a. -Shameless
*2ti9
Perils of a.~Cato the Censor.
•266
Protest of a. -Monks.
■►267
Ruled by a -Epicure.
•268
Miscellaneous cross-re ferencts.
Degraded by indulcencc of a- P. 368
Surrender to a.-llenry VIII. 3852
Voracious a. -Samuel Johnson. 2183
See UOAHIi.
Prayers exchanged for b. *610
SeeCA.NNlliALlS.M.
Christian c. -Crusaders. 706
2077
2(i:9
in Famine-France.
" " -California.
See niXNKIl.
Bad d., Ill-humor by-Johnson *I")92
Waiting d. -Samuel Johnson. *1."93
See KI'lcrUES.
Reputed e. -English by Scots. *!013
Sec (iH'TTwNV.
Hospitality complimented by g.;ii39
SeerjolKM.AM).
Characteristic g.-Johnson. 2183
2927
-!926
2i;;i9
♦21110
*2»141
•2642
*2(143
IndlgestlDU of g. Soliman.
See IKlsriTALITY.
A ppreciated-Roman.
without Charity-Enelish.
Courtly h. -Louis XIV.
Duty of h. -Arab's tradition.
False h. Exposed-Roman.
Forgotten by Benedict Ainold.*2»lll
Painful h -Son's murderer. *-,'(;i5
Reluctance in h.-"I hate lo." *2(;46
Sacred h.-S'p'rst't'n nf Arabs.^2647
"-"Salt "-Orient als. *264H
of Savages to Columbus. *2(j4!)
Spirit of h. -Derrick. ^2050
Universal h. -American Indians. 2651
Complimented oy gluttony. 20.3!>
Delay oy h. of Mary Lindley. ill 15
Drtinkeniiess by h. 20.36
828
ECCENTRICTTY-EDUCATION.
<)l)ll({iill()ii foUowi) h -Syllii. :iii-'j)
I'oor wiMiiitiifd to Clnidii's h. ^I'M
Kufust <l by inlstuko-KiiK. M'nks.aiV
Kormiiii'nittHl by pniyorH. (MO
Uowiinl(?(l with fiueliy. aH5()
Unexpo(^t('(l rcsuU ofb Whitney. KM
Violutt'd Adiillfriir. a-JiO
Sii' iii;n(;i;I!.
Iiisutlublo h. (jf K">lil-H<'iikers. *','()''0
AddretH to h. dlfllmilt. aiu I
Desperation of li. -Cannibals. VOd
rerishltiK from h.-SlcKU. fiOj
I'rossure of li. Sailors. MIk;
Sic VKUKl'AltlAN.
Health souh'lit by v. Howard. l.")V(i
succfssfiil V. 11. Franklin. lidlir)
Trials of a V. liitson. *.'j;s;i
s.v vi;(ii:T.\Ki.\Ns.
by Neci'sslly I';n>;ll.''li. ~'1S1
UellRioiis V. Au^l^•ro Priscli'ists. loi
" " I'erslans. 1001
.><.'c K.VMiNi':, i''i':.\si' :iii,i Kuoi)
/;/ /,.,■.
Ki'CIC^TliK II'V.
MiH(cll:imM.tM ci*u^>-ii'ri'i'i.'lH'f!^.
of t'onsclciin William I'l.'iin. aV7.")
SuliUdt.v .-i.^ot;
I'ranklsh c.-Kitkusoii. ."jTTI
ot (ii'niu.-'Sainurl .Johnson. !.'HO'.l
" -SMO
of Synipathy N'apok'on. yOTS
S,>' I'Krri.l.MllTIE.'i.
J{(liKioUS p. of I'lirltans. i;.):"
Mlsci'Iliiiicniis cr'i^s-r''t\T<'..i's.
Alarm from e., Supcrslltiuus a. .'')141
" " " 51.V,I
Habit of e. a truasuie, *lV(i;J
iliirepresentod-Meanness. *17()l
National e.-Fred. the Great. *ir(>.")
and Thrift Imperial. *irtli;
Wl.se e. ot William Peiin. ♦HOT
Miscell.uu '!.< criiss-rcforenct'^.
for Benevolenee-MrH. Fletcher. 519
-Emp. Trajan. 51T
-.lohn Wesley. r>l!t
in Burial- Athenian law. fillH
t'rlticised-Funeral of ('has. U. 2-S17
vs. Display-Lueullns. 15;k)
in (Joveniment-Excessive. '2i'M
Uonorabk- e.-H. Adams. aiiliO
Noble c.-Bi iijamin Franklin. 'M'Jj
I'atrlotic liomans. 341(J
Kemarkable e. Wesley's. d^MO
vs. Renown Architect lire. ITti'J
Taxed by Henry VI I. ;!00;!
See KIUTiALlTV.
Misapplied f.-Charles II. *i'~')5
Plan of f. Irish painter. *-^--iHi
Exan,(ii.' of f Ca;sar. 3H1~
111 tini. il f.-.I,-,njes II. 40()S
.Patriotic f. -Virginia Colony. 4«y.'3
EC'STASV.
?{eliRious-J()hn lianyan.
S<'i' .lOV til loc.
*i7(;s
j KUii<'i( ■•:.
I Monumental e. Pericles. ♦lT(i!»
See AKCIinKCI lUK '" 'oe.
KDITOK.
CroH.'^rcft'rciu e.
Patriotic e.-Amerlcan Hev iViH
EDITOHN.
Mlscellani'OU.'< un !.■<.■< re IVniicofl.
Predictions of e. Civil War. 1100
Punished for false new.-. MI'J
EDi;< ATION. I
Ancient e. <if Persians. ♦IT70 i
" i'opalar. ♦17V1
.Vnti-classical c. I''rederlck II. ♦177-
Apporiionnient tor c. Mass. C.*!77.'l
Appreciated by ancient 1{. •1774
U. ArkwrlKht. ♦i;7."i
-Wlillam .lones. ♦1770
-iiobi M'ph'ns'ii. 'l'.'>'i
Athletic e. of Koinaii.s. "i;7.s
McKlnnliij: In e. Col .Mas--, *\'i','.t
Christian e. -Knuland. ' li.'>0
Civilization bye. Anciciil (;cr.*);si
Collegiate c.dctc.slitd-Southc} *r.^^'
Conlributlons fore. -Vale, ♦:iSI
IJeficiciicy in e. Washiii^jton. 'IVM
Deprived of e. Peter Cooper. ♦KKi
Devoted to e. CoMtuciiis. *17Wi
DifUcult-Abraham Lincoln. - 1;h7
-(ieo. WashinKlori *r,H>i
I>;>para^'ei y friciid.s-l.ii,' iilii.*rN»
Distineti>!n uy i'., Relative. M^'/O
Donations to e.- Ilarvuiil i , ' I'i'.if
End of e. Cooper In.'-litute *l7't '
Errors in e. Luther's. "I7!i:;
(.ieneral e. in New ijitrl.md. *i;!t4
(luardcd-Priuee of Wale.- '"K'.t.-i
Helps to e. Robert Burns. ♦):!"!
Higher life by c. -Aristotle. ''a7ii7
Imperfect e. Wasliin«tcin. ♦I7;i'-
Imperllled-Bad leai'hci-. ♦H'J'J
Indecision in e S. .lolmsc.n. *1800
Independent e.-Uibbon. *1S01
vs. EegtslatUm-I.yeo'-gus. ♦IKOi
" Licentiousness li. of C. IT. *\M^
Ministerial e. Lady H'nl'nBdn.*lh04
Mlsdirected-Accompllshin'nts.*lNO.j
Neeessary-Alfred the Great. *lhO(i
Negleeted-Ireland. *18(J7
-Reign of Chas. II. *1H08
-Sam Houston. ♦180!)
Opposed-Governor of Virginia. *1810
Patron of e. -Luther's. ♦1811
Philanthropie-Smithsonlau I. *lHVi
Political e. of Alexander. *lhl3
Power of e. -Pulpit. *isil
Precocity in e.-S. Johnson. ♦isi.^.
Prohibited in Ireland. *lHl(i
Public e.-Spartans. *1H17
Religious e. -Napoleon I. *1818
'• -Wesley's. *1K19
Saeritices for e. -Mother's. ♦lH-,'0
and State-Alexander. *lvJl
•• -Spartans. ♦is-"-'
Substituted by experience. lHu';j
Suspi^cted-Jesiiils in Eng. ♦Ih:i4
Tax fore. -Harvard Cniversity.^lH^'.'i
Trials in e. SatniK!! .lohnson. *18i;(i
Varie<l military e. -Roman. *18-.i7
Wealth for e. -Cooper lnstltute*18-8
.Mi.-»cell;iiienun .crimB-roforoncert.
Appreciation of e. -Puritans. 410(1
BaekwardnesHliie.-W. Irving. (UOO
Beglnnhi).' e.-A. Lincoln. oai.3
Caution il, Parental -Pascal, ami
forCltlzoii ii-spartan youth. 8!)4
Compensatu., fc. for humble b,51H
of Conscience-John Newton. lOU.'t
-Relies. ;iH-ia
-Head of Emp. IWI'J
Deficient e. -Lincoln one year. (iiiOO
" (;eo. Washington. nillH
Discouragement In (•-< J 'Idsm'th. (HO
In Doing good Persians. i'Mi
Earned by labor- 1). Crocki'tl. (i:)7
l''.nconraged by the Slate C. XA
I'emale (!. C^m^en Elizabeth. (JOOH
Importance of e. -Persians. (VJl'.'
Impossible-English clergy. l):i!)
Inten.'st In e. Napoleon I. 8330
Late start In e. 5410
Legal e. of Romans. 3140
Life enlarged by e. ITHl
■' traiisfoiined by e. 17il7
Need of e.-Eng. country gent. SJIO
Neglected Peter the Great. 0:jn(i
e. of Milton's d. SO.")
'• Emp. Hoiioriiis. I,s77
" -Eng. -17th century. (124
by Ob-ervatlon-Fine Arts. .'i.'t-i
Opiiortnnity denied P. C- 3'v'77
Origin of ancient e.- Egyptians. IJ.'!H
Patriotic e. by mothers. 4047
I'atron of e rewarded-Nap. S.'i.'iS
Prejudice against e Barbar'ns.'iHOH
liy the Press ruqualllieil. 4i:j4
Prohibited .Scientific. ^'0:!J
Qualifies for life Alexander. 3-'7H
Religious e., Power of . 1111
Restricted in year 1500. i»y8
Revival of c In Europe. 'Jia
.Sacrifices for e.-J. Sparks. 3094
" "-B. Franklin. 30!I5
" "-John Filch ,301111
without Scliool-Mre. Adams. 34<.(7
State protected by e. 5327
53an
" requires female e. 37d7
Strife for liisi ' lions of c. [173
Success without e. I'izarro. (i41
Sunday-school e. 5435
of Talent-Alexander. 6505
Wise Investment Wni. Penn. 17f>7
by Woman-Hypatia. <)07H
of Women opposed Swift. (1117
See COLLE(jE.
vs. Capital-Location of Yule. ♦07.)
■.'IS
201
Dlsgra." d in President.
Rebellion in c. justified.
Struggles in e.-S. Johnson.
See INSTRUCTION.
Dangerous 1. of enemy. 37>"J
by Defeat-Peter the (Jreat. 14'.i;)
" Example-Siege of Rome. 1001
-Divinity of the Son. 8-'5
'■ Failure-Minuclus. SOliG
Need of 1. -Petrarch. 0^1
Nei'ded with authority. -Ilow'rd. 411
Popular 1. by av^'uilecture. 'iH7
EFFEMINACY-EGOTISM.
MOfi
r. (iioo
oai3
I. a;«i
I. H!M
ioi);i
.'W-JO
. (Wild
. 01 !W
tli,(H()
•imi
u;i7
854
GOOH
VW9
8330
G41(>
31 10
17S1
iviir
;. aio
«*)(!
Mor.
1S7T
. 034
333
3877
s. 3.38
4047
a.3,'-)8
1S,;!303
4134
80.34
3878
nil
i)88
018
3094
30i».'>
,301)0
3407
5327
5388
3787
'.173
041
543.'->
5f>05
1707
0078
0117
Seo KNDWl.KlHiK.
Uoslred-Hiiinucl Johnson. ♦;I0H7
KiiKornoss for k. I'oet 8hellny.*30HH
Ilapplnt'HS by k.-Soorutes. ♦•iOM'.)
Humility for k.-Dlvlno. *3oiio
wllliout I.i'iiininK !'• Coopi-r. ♦30111
l.iinlliitlonH of k. Arlslollu. *.iO!l8
IToKi-ess of k.-AriHtollo. *.'i01t3
ri'omotlon by k.-Jiirod .sparkN.*30!)l
SacrlllceHfoi-k.-H. I'"rankllii. ••'tOW.". i
-Jolin Fltoh. *30«0
Thoft nf k. Stllpo. ♦3007
Cost of k.-Lotleiy-I'. Cooper, ittil
(iiiinlnal k.-I'erHocriitioii. 41 18
Daiitreioiis k. of law. .3381
Kxpurimi.'nLal method In k. 3775
Kalsu k. of .\rlstotle, 8080
l.ovo of k. -Blaise I'ascal. 8384
i)|)p()sltlon to k. CatlioUcisin-K. 735
IVrilous pride of k.-I?.'.s defeat. !»7
Pursuit of k.-I'etor the (Jreat. 838«
Responsibility eomes with k. 4885
of k.-"()unp, p."80.HI(
Self k. by adver.slty-Krcd. V. 81
I'll ipplled-Chliiese-Compass. 8()7n
Valueless k. when unappl!ed-C. 873
See LKMlMNd.
Dishonored -James 11. *3177
Ksteemed by Puritans. *317m
Honored by Tiraour. *317'.i
Secular!, rejected. *31H0
Superficial 1. diffused. *3181
Wide 1. of Samuel Johnson. "aiSS
TemptattouH of s.-l.- W.
See S(lli")I,.MASIKlt.
Imitated WUllam Cowper.
vs. Soldier WellinKton.
See SCIKIOl.S.
Appreciated Mass. Colony. •50-l'.i
Bc«lnnlnK of s. N, K. CoUmies.'.'iOK
clirlstlanl/.cd-Uouuin. *"'"
lOxccllencc In Athenian i
I'nrverted to Uomaidsm
UaK(?ed H.-Londou.
" "-I'ortsmoulh.
StruKKle for 8. -James II
Influence of 1. -Courtesan. 185C
.Mlsapplled-Diseussion. 8170
Ncedless-Plcad In Latin. 8104
Protieiency in 1. Ksypt-Astron. 3.530
Progress in biblical l.-Tyndale. 500
See OK'l'lliiCK.M'IlY.
Excused- Napoleon I.
Seo SCIIOLAK.
r;omparaliy(! s.-17th century.
Eminent s. Petrarch.
See SCHOI.AKS.
Expulslrin of 8. by James II.
Independence nf s James II.
Misjuil 'incut of s-l'ili,''s ProR,
Kii'alry of s. -Isaac Newton.
" •• " W. S.ott. "l$ucton."l!»
See S('II'>L.\RSII11'.
Defective s. of Ifobt. Fulton.
bv Kinulation-Charlcs XII.
Revised s. of Arabs.
See SCIlndL.
Aversion toward s.-(;aribaldi *.5087
CaHte in s. Harvard.
Discipline in s.-S. Johnson.
R very where- Socrates,
of Observation H. Miller.
Perilsof s. E. A. Poc.
Trials at s. -Napoleon I
••■■lO*!
♦.Vi:i7
*,Mi:',s
♦.■■Oil
♦.■0I8
*.->!) 13
*,SOIl
'•.■(U5
♦.•)0|0
6'ZU
Sfe IKACIIKUS.
Pay ol t Alhenliius. *.'>5I0
Parental t. of .Mrs. Adams. 341i;
Tyniunical t., .Martin l.uther'K. 1793
See ■rKAl.MN(,.
for (Jreatncss Alexander. ♦.".ocs
Lack of military t. *.">00!i
I, list luK effect Walter Scott, •.5070
by ()bedlenc(3 of Sparlans. '5071
Physical t. of Unnuiiis. *."078
Success without t.-Wni.P.of ().*."073
of Artestal)llshedby("nst'nt'!ie.:i.".l
■' " Three s. 310
Dantters at s.-Isaa<; Newton, 379
of Paintint; Elorcnec, etc. .'Ill
" Vici^-Saloons. .'',8113
" " -Prisons. 5801
See Sl'El.l.INU.
P.ad s., George Washington's. *xm
Diverse s. -Shakespeare. ♦.>i03
Error-Conquered vs. Concor<l, 1007
Se.- STl'liKNT.
Belated -Charlemagne. *.").307
Folly of s.-Oliver Goldsmith, ♦5309
Uoyal s.-CharlemaRne. *.5'iOS
♦3908
084
081
1998
8890
108
179
*.5081
*.->085
*.5(tao
Close 8. -John Milton. 0811
Precocious s. -Alexander Pope. 4403
Pride stimulates s. -Newton. 4493
PuKilistie s.-ll. Miller. 8403
Koyal s.-Queen Elizabeth. 0098
Rules ignored by s. 8004
See STfKK.N'TS.
Patriotism of 8.-Am.Uev'lutlcn.40V8
See S'lT'niF.S.
Ancient s. -Italy.
See STFliV.
Devoted to s.-T. Jefferson.
" " "-Prest, Madisim
Preparation by s, J, Milton
for Miinhooii 'I'tn-Miisldcles.
Military t., Imparlance of,
.Misapplied (iailieiius,
Sueeess without special t
of Voice by Dcniostheiies,
See (TI.'rfr.K, lUSCl I'M N K
INTKl.l.lllF.NCI'; iiiid
INTKl.I.KCl-
i!:Fi''i;.iii>.%rv.
Uoyal e. of Khmalmlu>.
.Miscelhilii'MU-* ci-d^^ r 'l.TeltCes,
Age of e. -English.
Charged falsely .lealousy.
Honored for c. liuekiiigham.
" in Claudius.
Sei.' DKLK'ACY.
Essential to pleasure-Vice,
of Feellng-O. (ioldsmlth's.
See COWAKDU'E iiiid 'WKAKN
ill h.r.
KFFOKT.
I Jllsdlrected-l'seless i-ciences.
I'scless e.-Fred. II P.attle.
035
t9Hl
IH30
130
5S53
M889
37H4
890(1
3871
3870
3380
5103
KSS
*1830
♦1831
♦■.370 i
*,'i.371
r,3
*.->37l
Napoleon I.^.').375
*."08S
•",■1089
*,5030
"5031
*,">038
*5033
Discipline-Inconsiderate. 871 1
Exaoiinittion of s.- Napoleon I,3."i90
Humiliation at r. -Byron. 3788
Medical s., The first. 3,V)3
See SCHOOLDAYS.
Ilappys.d.of San)upl,lohn«on.*.')0.34
See S('Ibi"i. LIFE.
Tedious s.-l.-Sliakespeare. *.5035
in Dcath-Sca chart. 1445
Devotion to s. -Young Nap. isOl
Dislike for s.-Hobcrt Fultcn. .">081
Humble s, of Burns. 1010
Incentive t(j s. F^mulation. 508",
Passion (or s, Illaise Pascal. 8384
Perseverance in s. cspsar, 1-191
Plan of s. vs. Plan of Battle. 83.30
Prolongeil ,<.-All niKlit .Milton. 101!
Success by <'ontinued s. 40.38
Ser TKACIlKi;
Punished by seliolars •*,55.30
Kelation of t. -Aristotle. *.')537
Kesponsibilily of t, Alex, ',Vi38
Value of t. to Alexander *.">"'39
Crime to be a <'atholie t. 8903
Devoted to youth liu'da, ''l^'O
Honored -.Vrl.'-totle. 3878
Ingenious t. Eli Whitney. 88
^NlaU^rnal t.-Wneoli.'s mother. 1789
liemarkahle f. -Ilypatia 0078
Severe t.-Wrongheadid 8714
Valuable t, -Aristotle to Alex. 1813
.Miseeilanenvis ero^^^^referfiiee^i.
Perseverance In c H'ni''itli'n"s.5403
Personal c -Joliti Howard, 5I()
"Humble Catli. W .531
.Stupendous e, misapplied 895
Sei' FA'I'li.riv
Insensible to f.-Maw siuart. 0100
>('(• wk.\ki.m;ss
in BereavenieTit-lames Watt. 508
" Pleasunvseeking-Charlcs II, 4800
I'nconsclousc.r w.froin laboi \\M48
s, ,■ ^^■tlI;K n, ;. ,
ICFFIto^Tl•:uv.
Mi-,H-r.,,i,r,, ,- rr... I.'!', re;,, ■■,•,
Bold e.-1'rince Albion 8045
in Literaiure Bet I'Tint 1,, S, ,1. 37
Ml \lliAi ITV ,„ ;. ,
K<,OTIS.1f.
I astee. V,,iinji- Byron. *!8:«
I'haracteristie e, of ,), Adams. •1833
I ,,ntrast ill e ( le^ar iiini ' ie '1S34
of lienius-oliver .Soldsniit li *1M35
Koval c. .lames II, 1830
Mi^C'illini-n' - ei,isJ-v ■ ■■ :.Ci
Outra«cd-Cicero''< e,
Kcbuked by Plato
See HO.\>|IN(,,
of Pride Ba,iazet,
Ridiculous ■'■(;reat Twalraley
Senseless b,-,\merican Tory.
Vain b, -Persian immortals.
Boasting of Power-Pompey.
8H73
5778
•on
• f,\M
♦013
*014
430rj
830
IntlinldiitinK b.-Tiirkii.
Set! MO.MKASI'.
Kcbuk«<d- " Jupltur" M.
Kldliniloui h. of Jmiieg II.
Hvt ('l)N('Kri'.
ClianifcU'ss ('looru's.
l''()()lls(i c. Xci-XHH Hliiiokle,
I,lt«rniy c. Th()iim» Tuluu.
^>l silly c. Xcrxeo-Mountuln.
Natliiniil c. of KiikIIhIi.
Political 11. of JariiuH II.
Kuiuovod" IriviiliuTiibhs."
Si'c SKI.KCONCKIT.
BraxKart's h.-c. KoyalUt In N
Folly of H. o.-Ua.|a/,t't (lout.
PtTsoiial riiaj sty of Sapor.
KliKCTIOIV.
Close «'. of .loliii Ailaius.
Coercion In f. -s. AilamM.
KxpfnHi'.s-Treatlnjf In lOnK-
KriMtrated-Jolin Howard,
of (iracc-Cromwoll.
I{<!Ncnt«jd I'rus. of M'Kd'I'ne ( ■
Scandalous o.- Intimidation.
Tie e.-JcflfiTHon A. Burr.
Timely u. of (f race H. Newton
rimnlmons o. of WasliliiKton.
I'nlgue o. of .Spartans.
" " ('apt. ■( Siiillli
Vociferous e.-Kmp, Pompcy
IWX)
♦IIIH
•DID
• nn;.-.
•Kfjt;
•KC.'T
•1(K'8
8T81
4UAH
6a4v!
Y.m;i
Ull
III
•1RS7
•ih;i8
•IWl!)
*ltM()
•1811
.♦iHia
*1843
♦IH-II
.*184r)
♦If+W
♦1HJ7
♦1818
*181U
Defeat at e. consoled. mvi
Murtlfylntf •'• Adams. i;il I
ImpoverlHlied by e.-Chu8. IV. isr.;)
So.- C.VNIUDATK.
Dead c. -Daniel W'el)stor. *ro3
Dijtnifled c.-Tbom;is Jefferson. *ro4
See VdTK.
Only one V. ('(omvvell. *58,V)
Power of one v. -Sparta. *r>K>(i
-Maratbon. ♦58.')';
B.isoly tilvun Rochester. ,'i8i/j
Complimentary y.-I,lncoln'.H 1188
Decliuinjf always to v.-A. J. 3l'.>'i
Emphatic v.-Htone ballot. l.ViO
Minority v. elect-s Lincoln. ;)870
One decisive v. Inipeacliment. '^T'tO
f)stracism by v. -Athenians. 30t;8 \
Unanimous v. forlnd'pend'nce.at'.K)
See \'OTK.S. I
Soliciting V. (irenville. ♦,")8.")S
EI.KCTION— KMIOH \NTS.
Venal e. I'arilameni, a ■>. I708.*180'J
«i'i' I'ni.iric.H in Iw.
RLK4"niiriTv.
M«bt of e.-C'oluinbii.x, ■-' I v. 'ISM
.MlHoi'llanroii!* crcmn o I'lTtfici'ii.
DIsoovury In e. -Stranire i '. '.'81!)
K.\perlmeutH In o. KiiiMkliii. x'847
" " " VollliK M. tl.'JO
See l,l(llir.\|N(i
Fear of 1., .Supurstitioiis. ♦.'Wim
" " '••W'ali'nct'n'smotlier.'a.'liio
by niibery of (;ennan princes, cm
Cliaracter controls v. -Wash. SKJO
Coerced by < onimunists. k>70
Controlled by fone-Croni well. 8189
Corruiit-" Credit Mobilier." !>l)(i6
for Dead cumlulate-Webster. 70.'j
Kxcluded by Cromwell. ^4-^2
lMdepeiia<'nt English v. 4011
Influencing V. -Women. 3410
Jlujorily to rule- United States. .S.387
Perseverance in seel<ing v. 415H
Resentment at v. James II. 2890
Spp VOTINtJ.
foi Christ Hoinan. Senate. *58.")9
ELECTIOIVS.
Farcical- R')lgn of James II. *]850
Free • Wm. Prince of Orange. ♦18.'Jl
Death by 1. .Ksculaplus.
Signldoant I. SacTlliceH.
Sf.' TKl.lsUK Al'll.
Valuable to the state.
41119
r.i94
*.V)|-v'
Cable, P. Cooper's Atlantic. :m^
Failure of t. by neglect. -itm
Invention of eloelrlc t. 4(«i)
s eiitioism overoome. '.'-.MO
KLEi7IK\ I'S.
('i-urtHi-cfVrciiif.
Warfare with th.' e I'liilip II
Suo AT.MO.^I'IIKI'.K,
Convulsions of a. by oracle.
Slt WAIKIi.
Need of w. -Kingdom for.
overHow of w. Albiin lulio.
.-^M Wl.M).
Dependence on w. Wni l'.<jf ').18i)','
Kxpcrimcnt with w Newton. 1993
Sectarian w.-Wm.l'. of Orange. 5006
Sue STOKM in lor.
EI.OPK.IIKIVT.
Uoyal . I'iiili|> of France. ♦18.")8
■.'(W8
3947
*,V.I,V,'
Crosfl-rel'iMci I
Proposed to Shelley.
elo(ii;r\<'e.
of Aril.. II Samuel Juhnson.
" Facts Story of misery.
Fear of e. Demosthenes
Necessary-Uomans.
3.'»0
♦IH.IO
'18,^7
Misi'i'llaiH'.Mis CICJ8M rofiji..ni'."i.
Artlflcla' 0., Burke's. (9
and Drlnk-Sherldan. 39,V3
of Earnestness Peter the H. i7.-)f,
Employed-Funeral of Ca'sar. Ga.'i.')
Money stimulates e. Athenians. (>7'.J
Persuasion of e. -Pericles. 4l.'>6
Sii' DUATOH
the Great-Demosthene.s. *,3949
Unsuccessful o.-W. Irving. *39,")0
Sco ORAroU.'^.
Audience for o. -William Pitt. *;ffl53
Dangerous in Parliament. *.39,51
Despised by Samuel Johnson. *.'?953
Disregarded in pulpit. *395l
Taste in o. -Samuel Johnson. *3955
SiH' OKATOKY.
Difficulties in o. -Demosthenes, u'031
Illiterate-" Black Harry." 4389
Perseverance in o. -Disraeli. 4151
Preparation for o.-I)'mosth'n's.44a4
Self-abnegation in o. -Demos. 5080
See SPKAKIXU in ton.
li;itl.%N<'ll*.%TIOIV.
Advooatud-A.u. 17i)l In .Mai!i. *M.VJ
Proclaimed -Abraham Lincoln ■ii87
KITIBARHANNIVIKNT.
InPubiioKpeaklngHp.Hoberts •ISild
I See AWKWAKItNKSS.
and Aglllty-Poet Shelley. •4I.|
I Exhibited In etl<|tiette.
I<:ffIHLK!YI.
SIgnlllcant e. Turk Woli'o.
1.1*1
•l"**')!
Minct'IIiinooiiM cri'.ss ri'r.Tt'iiL'.M,
of Character- Wolfe Turk.
" Defiance Hattlesnake.
False e.-" Paschal Latnb."
of Industry-"I,eatliern apron.'
" Inferiority-Jackal,
" War-Uattlesnake,
" WIsdom-Physlclan -Serpent.
See ii.\nm<;k.
Devotion to b -Mohammedan,
Iuapi)r()prlate b. -Paschal Lamb
of Industry " T,eathorn apron.'
Influetico of 1).-Mexican.
Uoscucd by valor-Cadi/.,
Shocking b.-Mary Stuart.
Slgnlflcant"I)on't tr'donmo."
Sou FLAti.
Desplsed-r. S., year 181i. •
Devotion to f. Serg'nt Jasper. *
Dangerous display of f.
Soo SKiN
of Destiny-Mahomet's s.
I SKI
:)!rit
.•5*1-
iHW
■.•!(i7
591)1
I Pi!)
•r.i>7
5-i45
'.'811
40HS
li.il
5110
3939
•J 1 50
■.'151
':,vi-i
of Talent, Mathematics a s, 5.5i)t;
SCO SIGNS.
Faith in s-Oold-seekttrs. *5U1
.Need of s. by ignorance. *5I 1>
Significant s. of the times *5l 1.1
Welcomed by Columbus, ♦51 u
in Jurisprudence, L'ngu'go of s,3985
Soo U.MKN.
Accidental o. -Duke William. 31
' fell. .33
See OMENS,
Ancient o /iomans. *.)905
Annoyed by o Charlen r •390<J
Presage of o Ifomans ♦.'J907
Terrorized by o 9alIor.4 ♦.•J90'i
Kegard for o., Supiir»i(.itlou.s '."J.!:
" " " by Romans. ass
ElTIKRGEINf'y.
Deliverance in e,-Wm. P. of 0.*186'i
Criiss-roforeiice.
Justified by e. 1848
Soo CKISIS.
Equal to the c. -Cromwell. *I:J03
Hesolution at the c.-Devereux. G5I
EmiURAIVTS.
City of e.- New 'i'ork. *\m\
Dangerous e. Criminals. ♦1804
Miscellaneous cross-roforencei.
Army of e. -Goths 1863
KMKniATION— KMl'I.OVMKNTS.
Corruption by o. -National. titoi
l)aiiK*'riiii!t <!.- Virginia Colony, lomi
InuoiiHlduruto ('..Mum. Colony, '."oov!
Trial* of <•■ I'lynioiitli Colony. W'liHl
i':m(jit<%Ti»N.
HeneHtH of ti. (Jrueks. *lHt),">
.Military f.-(lotlis. *l*lil
Mi :*<•»' lliltlCOUll CriUH-rfflTt^lUt'fl.
DanK'Tf to I ho Slate from i-.-T. I'.']
r.ipulu'loii lnureax(!(l by o.
II I . II II
I'rosperlly by o. Soots.
.s| imulattid-Constantlno.
i:miNi£iM<;B.
(^'owurdly i'. Kmp. Ilonorlut).
by \V<.rtli~Henry Wllaon.
Cl-.'T
i:iv!H
1«H
l.'lji;
*iH(ir
♦IMIlS
Mlao'llariooiiB cnwitrufercnccs,
tiy Advflrslty-Abratiain Lliiculii. H.i
In Allegory of ilohu llunyan. KIN
■' Art, Supurlor. 317
" " •' Uuphaol. .SIH
" Sclf-Maorlflce-HlMliop Coke. l.">;ii
Hci^ insilM'TKIN in Inc.
Ui-llKlon of tlie li. .M, I.ntluT 1 IHd
Sin of the li.offi'iinlvi-. .TOtl
Siiprnniany of tbii li. ni'i'ilrd. aiH
Way to lluih.-liovoiif motlmr Nil.')
W'onndM iinlicaled. 'JIH!.'!
Sue AKKK< TION, AMip.El, I'K.Ut
and MI.SI'UK.SS in U.r.
KiTIPIItK.
.MirteoIlurii''Mn crowHrfl'ert'ricrH.
DowiifiiU of Itonian a. Ul.'l
I'lilluri! of u. In North Carolina. 'HM
Olft of 0. l'ap;il bull. W87
.\|.cr(!eablo(!.-Aiiiluhon-Natnr() 'IMT-J
lliimblt! u.-Uroedli.K miilt!»-\V.*lMr:i
opportunt) n.-S. A. DoujfhiH. 'Ihti
Ui-fimed Oliver (ioUNnilth. ♦IMr.'i
SfokhiRo -.lohn I Vch. "IHTO
Unworthy o. Kmp. Ilonorln.s. *1HV7
" Emp. Th'doslu.s. *1H7H
♦ISliU
KinOTIOlV.
iiverpoworod by e.
R.UO'riONS.
lli.lden c.-AinorlLi'M Indians. *lKro
fioin Siu'ci'ss Isaac Newton. *1K71
MlrtCfllarM'nus cri'ss rrrrrfrioi'M.
; rrcpre-'slble c. W'ashUiKton'M f .3000
Movod by distant bells Nap's e. fiOO
■' -10,000 men wept. ■4i;i7
• ivorpowerlug Josephine's f. 101
" f. -Swoon. WM
" " -bereavement. 557
Overwholinliij; o M. Thi're.sa. W-V)
" l.lnc'ln's Cab l;!;!)
Patriotic e., .\ndn)W Johnson's. I')H7
Privacy of e. Wm. 1'. of OranRoIJl
liellKlous e.- W'gh'Kt'u's prayor.4383
Violent e. of Wm. P. of Orange. \i\
Sue KMl)AUU.\SSME.\r.
i:i Public speakbiK Bishop 11. *IH<H)
Kee KKELI.NGS.
Suppressed for duty. Ul 111
Hm IMPULSE.
Success by i.-Sylla. ♦-'707
vs. Heaaoning-Cajsar.
Ytrtim of l.-O. Goldsmith.
-David Crockett.
.See HEART.
Broken-Mlss Perronet.
" -Story-\V. irvlng's.
Ilardenod-James II. -Rebels.
Hon 'St h a " fortress "-8. C.
i .. iMffinK for tJod-Hindoo.
t>lidurate h. -Murderer Ferrers.
1480
S4ti0
031
♦2534
♦3535
♦3530
♦3537
♦35;w
♦3530
Better than genius. 2.'')35
Broken by grlef-Artaxerxes. 2487
" " -Henry II. 4005
Enigma of the human h. 3.144
Evilh. concealed-C'has. the Bad. 1000
Failure of b , Kxeoutloner's. 1070
Hardened by spilling blood. 1337
Poetry without b. -Gray's. 4318
MIncelliitieous erositrefurencou,
Dogradlug cicrlciil e.
OlgnlSed Indian e. War.
" e. in war.
Irksome e. -Young II. a clerk
" "-Milton's daughters
Luxuries give e.-I'oor.
Scarcli for e.-BonJ. Franklin.
.'^ee INDUSTIIV.
Kducatlon In l.-S. Johnson.
Kxposltlon of i.-Tlraour's.
Happiness by i.-Eng. peoplt .
Misapplied 1. -Jamestown Col.
Proof of 1. -Calloused hands.
Report of i.
Sacrllieed to prlde-Chas. 1.
Standard of i.-I>eathorn apron.
^■|^tlle by I. Hannibal's ar'ny.
034
5008
5033
005
. 805
3303
038
♦3804
♦3805
•3800
♦3807
♦3808
♦3800
♦3N10
♦3HU
♦3813
for Drink Tartars. 3y.'-)0
ICncouragcrnent of i.-Yeur 17.'i4 .3433
Incited by money.
Protection of l.-Une<iual
3077
4534
4.535
3704
5380
Caste In o -Egypt. 1480
Chosen o. of Grant-Farmer. .5880
' noblest Itomans-F. 1.50
Delightful o.of Wash. -Farniing.1873
Honest o. required-Egyptian. 2800
Ignoble o. -Emperor Gratlan.
Se.' TIIADE.
Contempt for t.-S. Johnson.
Illieit t. -American Colonies.
Inhuman t. Slave-trade.
l.aWN for t. 8uni| tuary.
Overreac^hhig In I. KgyptlaiiA
llegulated \'\m''\ prieet
" Kniperor Julian.
" Kngland.
Tricks of t. -Kngland.
Competition In t. dunleil
♦.V)5;-
♦.vr.i
♦.•>i;."'.t
♦.vii'io
•.w,i
3tW0
3003
.■|0!l.l
Conscience In t. Peter Cooper. 'Itloi
llegraiii'd by t, Kinpress, UiS!
lloni'sty In t., Laws for 33U
Profits in t. irreat Flrinin 3i'*;
Survival of II Monks ♦.■.r".8
Itewariled by illiiiier. 3'.'i3
Sii> I.AllHl!. W AiiE.> 11. 1 WiiKK
E.m*r«»v.nicNT.s.
S.'c AUTI^AN-^
l!e(|iilre(l by Athenian law
Success by l.-Ber ' Franklin
See MISSION'
in Mfo Wm. Prince o" Orange. ♦30.33
Misjudged-Louis Phllliipe. *30:!1
Divine ni. -Evidence in (Its. 1014
Ignored -(^ueen Christina. 3»3m
in Life -Columbus's. 0151
Life a m. -"Stone wall" .lackson.53-,'8
Shameful m. -Mahomet's angel. 03
Seooccri'ATloX.
Changes in o. -Pets'- Cooper. ♦;i857
One o. only-Weavers. *3'<.58
1007
*S()53
♦,50.5-1
*50.'.5
♦:i.-,l
Capture of a. SIIU weaveii.
Wages of a. lingland, lOHn.
Sue Ariliiii;.
Humiliated Frederl.k tie' (j. *lii3
Kapld Samuel .)olin.s(.)n. ♦loi
Unnoticed a. lliinillialed S.J. ♦Hrj
Fame-Sudden Byron. 8')57
Kebuked for adulalloii. 3r.il
Shanu!ful a. Patrons. 14s.''.
Successful Excei)ti(jnal. 33Sii
See Ari'll<)K>.
Importunity of a. Patron.l. lis
Unappreciated Milton I , etc. O^iO
.■".e Al'TlHUlSIlll'.
Anxieties of a.-S. Johnson. *4H
imputed a.-" Margaret N." *I10
Originality in a. -Thomas .1. *43')
(iualllied a. The Stamp Act, ♦431
Reward of a. Flnanulal-J. M. ♦I3.J
333'./
3771
nor
30.'J8
1310
3317
1105
Certilied-Yoiltiitul Bryant.
( onfusion In reputed a.
Iiiferred-I.ibellous.
Pruhlbited Judges-Comedy.
Hegponslbility for a. Regrets
Rewarded liberally- Pope.
Supposititious-Libellous.
See BANKERS.
Prejudice against b. -Lombards. *45ii
Plundered-Jcwlsh-England. *410
Injustice to b. Charles 11. 2803
Patriotic b. Robert Morris. 305;)
Prejudice against Jewisli. 4 to
See UAH HER,
Ostentatious \i. rebuked.
Superlative-lOOO-Constanline
^ue llARUEliS.
Surgical b.-Eng.- Kith century. ^4.50
loo:
3003
Carelessness of b. punlshed-
See CAPITALI.STS.
Extortionate c -Jews.
Nation of c.-Jews.
See COOK.
Vexation of Antony's c.
See DErEC'TIVE.
Harmless d.-Roi)ert Burns.
. 7.38
*71i
♦713
205
♦1.5.53
883
Htupldd. Col Jam'tt'ii AiiUrr'v 'iWi
Uwjftil (l.,C'loflru'a. *IV>.|
I'oniilvliiK (i. Uolx'i't IlurnN. *\\rri
Miu DKNTI.SI'S.
Burlierg llio ditiitiNtNln tttli v.viut. 4:111
H.'i' KNdlNKKU.S
Hurvl<;ii of e. to W'm. I', of (). •I«li7
EMPLOVMKNTH.
I)l.stin({uii<hi)(t u.'AroblintHlm. ;i-ia
h... KMIKAVi: <l.
Invented Mc/.xoiliit. *lHim
Sci KAK.MKIl,
I'nsuocoHnful f. iMitao N(iwton.*ai(K)
-Kdiniind lUirkH.*ai(il
ciiDSun o<'(Mi|>att()ii (iiiti.Uruiil.Vwo
Kxtcimlvt" I'aliK'ir/.c^no.
Occiipiiiloti olmiiiiiid < rom.
8011 iif .1 f, <io(). \V'it-<liln({ti)n
S.i' OAMIU.INO.
Do: iidod by it-charUin Vox.
Siiiidurland.
" " <',,neo HouseH*'.''J(17
Escape from g. Wllborforco. *-J'jm
Faaliloriablo (f.-Kolly.
I.osfCM by K (Jlbbon.
I'.isslnii for ir. ICnif. tfc-nlry
l>ri(l<' biK. Illxh Mfu.
KutuousK- Oilvir ()oldt<mlt!i. ^iVT't
" -KiiKlhh Kcniry. •■,>v'7l
Tnivorsal ({. -CruHiiders. *W7ri
VIco of K.-l'rollUi!. ♦*.';()
Km
0063
•sson
*;5J7I
'!W7«
Memorial of g.-" .Siiiidwloh." *ill »6
Kulnoim K-l'-dKar Aliii;i I'oe. '(liys
Si'i' (lAKDKMNO.
Contentniciit In k., Kmporor's. IMH
I'leasurf In {{.Cyrus. 5(^(5
Sit' iiDiMK Ti/rriU':.
J'IfaHure.M of n.-Tbeodoilo. *»'03.
-Napoleon. *a(i38
047
Climate affcetN h.
Sci' lli»TEI,.KEErEK
Indulgences Hold by h.
Sc- LAWVEH.
iKnorant I. I'ubllu.s Cotta. ♦31«f
3803
Changed by sermon.
C'rlinluul 1. -Jeffreys.
Inipiuleiit I. -Useful Jeffreys.
Odium of client Klveii to 1.
Preparatory to pollii iil life.
S.e l.AWVKllS.
Arts of Roman 1.
Hatred of 1. by (iermans.
Imprl.soncd for deceit.
Patriotic 1. of N. Y. year 1705.
Special l.-Kel(,'ii o( James II.
Sec MEUCIIAMS.
Enterprise of m. Jolin I'abot.
Patriotism of m -ISonton Kev.
Sic MrSICIA.N.
Illustrious m.- Homer.
Ne(jlected-StarvlnK-I''Viins.
Sec i'AiNi-i;r..
Celebrated Enjrp.-J.Heynolds.
1089
1IJU4
3888
38(11
H3
*31«0
♦311)7
*;)i(iH
*3169
♦3170
081
3317
4;i.'58
♦3970
Invention of teleijrapby by p. 3989
See I'AIXTIXi;.
Illustrates only-no Inf 'rmat'n.^3977
Defects in Chinese-Deformity. 338
Imitation In p NervIlM, l,'itlieent.345 | Mutiny of k KiiKllnh nary
HohooU of p. Klor«ne«, etc.
Huprtimauy In p. Kap^iacl
H«u I'llV.HK'lA.N
ICtnplrUial p , sueevMNful.
iMytholoKical p. vK»<iiiliiplii-.
liombaatle p Mdiieeratufi.
Intimidated I v danger.
Invention by p. pit Iron.
Neifleeled by (llbbon.
I'rai tloe lont by religion,
(^uaek p. cbarli'H II
SairllUMiH of p iieru!volonco.
S"i(lloii9 p. Dr. Harvey.
\ .iilly 11 bilked, MeiiecrateH.
s.c I'llY-iK'IANS.
''oniiiiinKlInt; Deatb of ( . II.
DlHaKreenieiit of p.-('lmrle§ II.
Predictions of p. failure
tiuaekery punlHtied < 'ato's.
Se,. I'dl, r.
Uospooted Pindar
'I'lrrortzlDK p. Hobort Burns.
344
3411
•41(18
•4109
(IIH
39M.',
3300
|0.'|(l
4.W8
ftIO
(IKH
5779
♦4170'
♦1171
1587
•4815
'4310
;bo5
3300
3;)()7
33tiN
1305
.)593
1335
t'rltlolHed Taswo.
" -Arlo'ito.
Milton.
" Dryden.
miviiKely-Uyron.
Desplsed-Cliiirehlll by J
Honored Coronation of p.
Impraetlcablu-Voltalre an amb. 3
Incensed Voltaire. ,'«K)3
Late in llfe-Cowper. 3300
Mlsjudged-Oray by Johnson. 3333
Patient p. -Seven years VIrtfll. 3311
Popularity, Sudden Terence. ;)590
Precocious p. -Alexander l'<ipe. 4403
Preparation of p. Milton. ."i.!73
.Vi74
Prophetic p.-VlrKll. 1534
Sensitive j.-Dlonyslus. I3I3
Unwelcome-" liet Flint seeks J." 37
Youthful p. -Prococlous-Hryant.a339
See I'KINTIM!.
BeKlnnlnK of p. -Almanac. ♦4403
Uestrlcted-Punlsbment for. ♦4404
Suspicion of maKic. ♦4105
(Jenlus developed In p.ofllce. 3.1;JI
Opposition to p.-\'a. Colony. 1810
Prohibited In V;i«inia by C. II. 3941
Sec SAII.i III.
Crents. -Cabot. ♦.■)(K)0
Youthful s.-Slr Francis Drake. ♦5007
Bravo B.-Farra(,'ut at maintop. 480
Intentional .s.-Younj; IrvinR.
" "-Wasli. IrvliiK.
Uenowned s. Admiral Blake.
See SAIl.OHS.
Destitution of EiiK-Chas. II.
Patriotic H.-KnKlisli s.
Avoided by Egyptians.
Deliverance of suffering s.
Destitute of .s. Kussla.
the First 8.~Pha>niclans.
Impromptu s.-Eni;llsb navy.
Mutiny of s.-Cruel-IIudson.
3734
030
33 15
♦5008
♦.5009
083
.3039
3803
085
1015
3757
.'I7.•.!^
•' ;i;(io
Patriotic H. AmerloHU. loro
Peril of M Captain Cook. 1 ill*
Huperstltlon of N Columbus' .t'HiM
' " St. Kluio IH.V)
See .MCIIMI.AK.
Comparative I7th century (ivi
Eminent • Pelnweh. 031
>f SCllnl.AI'.S
KxpilUlori of H. by JamoH II. 199H
Indi'penilenee of H. Jiiine.t II 3890
MisJudKinent of H, I'IIk'h Projr. 1(W
UlvalryofH. l-aai^ Newton, 179
W Scott " Mutton. "19
sc s( rKNTisr.
Doranife*! by eiirlo.sliy, 1,'iRt
Falbire ot m. in expeiinieni 1993
Youthful H. Newton Wind. 1991
Scr SOrM'TiiK.
Mental s. Socrates. *r<or,t]
Nobility In H. " l':ieriialfame."*5057
Sec SlhlE.MAKEll.
lllustrlouH s.-H«nry WliMi-n 180H
See SEKVANT.
Devotion of s. -Maria. ♦5130
Useful H.-(iodol|>liln. ♦SP.'l
Devo> 111 s. of John Howard. 4430
Mlatakeii for a N. Pbllopd'mcn. 3.58
See SKKVAN TS.
Absolute powerovers.T. prince. 408
See S'lTKE.NI'.
Belated-( 'harlemaKiie. ♦.■]307
Folly of s. -Oliver Uoldsmlth. ♦5.309
Itiiyal 8.-Cliarloma(fne. ♦.5308
Close 8. -John Milton. 0311
Precocious s.- Alexander Pope. 4403
Pride sUmulates s. -Newton. 4493
PuKlllstlcs.-H. Miller. 8403
Uoyal s.-tiueen Elizabeth. tMiH
Uules Ignored by s. 3004
Sec STUDENTS.
Patriotism of n.-Am. Hev'lution.4073
See S''I!(1KI)NS.
Barbers the H ;(li century. 150
Insensibility to suffiM-liiKS. 193
See Sl-HlirllY.
Brave s.-Diike Leopold. ♦5104
Skill In 8.-Dr V. MoU. 'SKr;
Sec sik\i;yoii
IllU'-i lious 8.-(ioo. \VasblnKton.C198
Unsuccessful s. .\. Lincoln. ,'i3
See TAU.iiKs.
Oppression of t. by man'f 'ct'r'rs.439
1.S.39
See TKACIIKU.
Punished by scholars. *5.5.if;
Helatlon of t.-Arlstolie. *5.5.)7
Kesponslbillty of t.-Alexander.^.MiJH
\alue of t. to Alexander. ♦55:i9
Crime to be a Catholic t. 3;ii;:i
Devoted to youtii-Itit'da. Ol.'iO
Honored- Aristotle. :137>'
InRenioits t.-Eli Whitney. 88
Maternal t. Lincoln's mother 17H9
Itemarkable t,-llypatla. Oi>7s
Severe t.-W'ron^'headed. 3714
Valuable t.-Arisiotle to Alex. 1813
SeeTEACIIEUS.
Pay ot t.-Athenians. *5540
f
KN
I'ttrtiQtal t. of Mm. Adomi.
Tyrunnlrul t., Martin I.iith(ir'«
Heu WKAVKUM.
Iiiiportanc^ of w. ot illk.
s... AlK'IflTKCTIKK, UKd'
INVKNTOK, MKOIIANH-
MINIKTHV, IIFKICKK,
I'OLl IICIAN mill
in l„r.
EN< HANTittBNT.
M iHCi'ilaiiudim crusa-rul'tTcii't'n
Itoyinh e.-Uavld c'roi^kull
" " In bookH-lrviUK.
i'enouul e. by Mahuuiet.
Hon CIIAKM.
I'll' ilUKi!. Tliiiirler and 1
" AitniiH Del.
See KAHCINATION.
•of Ucatity Mary 8tuurt.
" " /i iiubla.
'" -IleurtlosH WMiuaa.
" Uookx-Dr. llarvtiy.
luVMr's f.-Wni. tlio ( onguoior.
" ■ Uoborl lIuruB.
•■ (iarlbuldl.
u( MtstrusM •JainoB 11.
" Vli't' Muiy aiuart.
" \\ Xoiau.
(Jalliorlne Sedloy.
" -Mary 8tuurt.
" " -C'ourtoHun of Mllo.
" Women liliiK John.
Sec IIAI.lAClNATf'iN.
KeulUtlc h.-Lullier-DevU.
1798
iiSI
CM
(M(t
OUHO
me.')
loo
m\)
am
im
1171
asiu
♦8506
JinthUBlaet'H li.-Joan of Arc. '■titii
H. . 1\FATUA1/(IN.
DestructWo I. of Nero. ♦8810
of Prl(i> James II. ♦2sao
«fCurloBity I'lliiy MM
Inventor's l.-Arkwrlght. 51(W
of Love-PaKe of Mary Stuart. 884^
Politioul i Jamua II. 3388
Popular 1. Conquest of Florida. 75
of War C'liurl.'s XU. ia;«
KNCOUUilUEJnBNT.
Timely «, for Luther. ♦ 1(579
"-Columbus. MMHO
Visionary o.C'olumbufl. *1881
Mlacc'Iluueuus crofls-refi'reiices.
In Oefeat-Amerloan patriots. MUa
by Druam-Hov. IlauK!^. .tHlti
of Kffort-Alms for utruKKlers. 'M \
Helpful o. of H liloud. 54m
Needless e.-Wliy foar? aiJO
>ev CO.MKOKT.
by Affection of frlonds.-Man vr.U403
" Dream- Napoleon I. K'J.')
to Mlsfortuiii'-Mohammedau c. 1508
BellKious u. Ill dlalK ■• yi.''.i
" " trial. •■i--^'
See CO.NSOL Al'luN.
of PhiloRophy-Boetiiius. ♦ll34
<'||.\NTMKNT-KNTKIH'I{M
- *
for til, I mdleii-A. Lincoln. ♦,Vl(ri
Mutual M Napoleon I. 'Mim
for Poor A. Mneolii. 't>m
UellRlous «.-l'urltanii. *:>ll*H
(lumannnd by a. Columbus. *:tM>
UeKKars' arts-London. i'.i)!l
Denied olTanderM old EiiK'«nd.sMX)
kcoentrloliy of «. Napoldtiii 1. ;l.^7H
Kriraitea by h. I'rwl. William, anwi
Kt'iimle H.-iIoan of An- ilidl
"'Luey llutdl. iion. ilKi.')
Power of H. I'urdon. Kioi
Prayerful H. Wife of Martyr T, ii7n
HutlerinK In s. Dr. Mott. Ml ,
Various forii i of ». for W, Scott, w
KT* U,
Uucorded-Hnis Cliarter oak. ♦IHm'J
Hi'i I'K.sriNY int'ir.
fe:NOI BAN<'I$.
Ueiinau e. i I(i ' rioldlcrs.^lKH;!
I I. r.-t'en :n'i'.
Trained' > o. -Spartans. l8St)
hio K< ) U I 1 r i; 1) K una W i; !■• l'' l i -sr,
in (of.
BNKiniKS.
Detraction of e. Advnratus d. ♦IHhi
Divided Spaidsh ArmaU.^ ♦!«--•.
NeKlected-Turkmans. ♦!'
Partiality t<.f Philip of M. •1S.>,
MLsciilluiiui ii.t crijiwi-refartiiioDa.
Adopted as friends ludiaus. ^071
Beset by i<. Uritoim. aopi
Changed to friends. ;288;i
(.'onibiued affainst t lias. XU. 4.'il I
I'oiitudoraey cf e. -Napoleon's. 4.'itir
(Contempt for e. \{omans. .'I 'J I i
Cout.selK of r inopportune lasJO
Destroyed Turki-'l' I ulers. 3800
I'ierce e. KhkII"' ince.stors. 'IIK') |
Generosity to e I'ruiinveii. SIW-I |
iKuored- Abraham i.lntoin. !•*"*
Inatrueted by example of e. 1 1'.*.;
'i)y of e.-D«atli of Cromwell. 3(i',
Kindness to captive o. OlO.'i i
" " e.-Ul»boi) Ken. M', \
KnowledKe of «. un»U;slred ■W^'*
of Mankind AasasKins of Persia. 371 I
."vloediess e. -Duellists. 4tm
I'rejudici! aifiiinst e. 4117 |
III Sucramont, Hypocrisy. aeii7 j
Superior to ci'inlilnedc. it. 't'-ii j
Worse e. Ibiin death to .lews 4IM '
Youth Imperilled by e.-Wm.of ( ).01li i
KNKinV. I
(ieufTous 0., Luther u. ♦1888
(lenvrnslly to e.-LiiiliBf-Tel/.' 1 IxHrt
of Mankind Caracalla. l.'VM
Nupolpori 1.VJ1)
MIntaksn for e. .laekson tJ'ii\
Priiyer diiamiH I- Clirlsllun. a;i."iO
for Kliz. iiy I'liiHani. !l.'liii>
rroteofBd e. of ( olumlms. 'I'.kio
lieoruits from the*' I'ortdz. ;|S.10
.satlsfaetloii In deiith of '< {'Un
Helf an e of self .laint'S II. 'W.'.))
Hptirxd lloNpltalily 'MV,
I'nupproiK'hubie e. Scytlilaus. !"73
Worst o. Dad motht-r ."a
S.r i:\MI TV ,„ ',„■
KViKUUV.
Complimenled Niipoli'on I. ♦iSIK)
Kxprrsslori of c -fii-ii. (Irani. •IH!M
Individual ■' lllcn/l. ♦1MI»'-'
.Mllltiirvf Miiipcror Triijiin *IH!i:-,
of I'alrlotlsni Isra.-l I'utimiM. ♦moi
Huecossby I'. < iiri! ml Wi.Upy.'lHII,')
Hurpassiiin «.. (.[ M.ihomet II ♦!«!"'.
\llfi I'llitji -ms (Ml."' n l.'ri'ln'" ^
by clIiiiuK' I iiiiKarliins.
in lilsastdr Konmiis.
I' ii'^'..!! hy CH'sar.
l.ii K of e. brliiKs disaster,
ixriiiai «. < liii^ tlie ilaiiimor
Sc, .MMIHT.
iiiukes Kiuht-Indliitis robbed.
"-PedcslrlaiiH
Heo I'lloMl'INK.--
Sill. I lis." by p I haries XII
Hi'i' UK.SOLUTlii.N
Success by r. .\iii. patl'loi'.
Wi'itiions from the e.
In KellKiou-Churles I.
Strange c in death.
S.'C SYMPATHY,
by Experience S. .Johnson,
freaks of s.-Napoleon 1
ttilW
1417
♦54!I3
♦5491
MiscellaneouH cri 'rtrt-refereiic
.\p<iloKlzin»; to national c.
ri»an)?ed ti- rlend
>tf Civilization rliillp II.
Common • Strafford.
Contempt of «. -Faiiatio-
Contributions from «• War.
Despised iiomans S>v .\ttlia.
Favor to <r -Periclett.
Fictitious e. m politics.
M8Hil
1:171
1957
90:^
:!M.|3
1158
10',>7
43S3
Moral r. of Luther.
Hucoess by r.-Fremont.
Unsurpassed in r I'tzarro.
Weakness in r., Mural.
S<i'i! ViUOlt.
in AKc-.Miudnissa
•• " -John Wesl>iy.
.( 'I II li
" " -t'ato the Censor.
" " I'atmerston.
Si'O l-.AKNESl'.Mi'SSan.l K.NT
I'KISK i„ i-c.
V.'SiiXiiV.n.Kfi'l'.
(JriiHs ri't'i'ii'iice.
Br ikcn-IIcart-broken.
>.C(JUVI', N.\.\T in I .0.
GNCillViCliHS.
Service of e. to Wm. 1'. of. o.
BIN<>R.%VI\U.
Invent, il Me/./.otlnl
GiNiniTi:.
Persisteiil c.-Cato
Hace e. of Normans.
il.VJ
luou
1033
aovft
U1H7
1.13 ;
♦4511
•4H|..
loua
imtst
UHi8
.'.OiM
137
i;j8
68.M
13it
140
1t5»4
♦1M-Jt7
♦IWW
•1899
* 11)00
Miaccllanoous cross rffjrencos.
Avowed, Hravoly-I'omponluh. 4009
Causeless !• to Aristldos. 191o
Eternal o. of xilunlans. \W.)
Natural e. Wife for concubine. lo.™
Sir MALKiNirV.
Parental m. of Fred. William. ♦33M)
S.'C HA I" HEP m tur
KNTKHPRIMIi.
. ast *r .-Pacific Itallroad. *10Oi
IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)
^/
w
/.<i^
i^
i^
%
' M/.
^#/^
^
^
1.0
■^ Hi 125
^^ ^ ^
I.I
2.2
L£ 12.0
I
1.8
1-25 il.4
1.6
fr"
Hiotographic
Sciencx3s
Corporation
23 WEST MAIN STREET
^f;EBSTER,N.Y. 14580
(716) S72-4S03
r.*.,,^
i'-vi iJhk'iSffi'SA 'li^7 U '• i ^ 1 •
834
MUcellunso'jtt cross ri'fcrencL'H.
(irniid e. -Centennial Kxhlbltloa T-13
MenioruMf maritime e., Mont. SViH
Nationai e., Fruits of. 2'Wi
Viiluablc to the State-Cabots. tiHi
Visionary e.-l)e Hoto's. I.W3
" -Coiuml)U8. isai
See AI'VK.NTlIiK.
C:oura(?60us a.-Lleut. CushlnR. ♦73
DariiiK a. -Napoleon I. ♦74
I'asslon for a. -Conquest. ^7.5
Primitive a.-(;eo. Washington's. ♦TO
Splrltof a. William Parry. ♦7."
I-ove of a.-YouHK Lincoln.
VoiUhful-Komanilc-(."ortPi.
Sw ADVEXTUUEK.
Born-IIernundo Cortez.
3^7^
3:5.-)3
♦78
Dream of an a. -Count de B. 188
Houored-Geo. Vllllers by Jaa. I. 494
Disgraceful a. 2410
.'.fs AUVEXTUKERS.
Disappolnted-Theodorlo and G. ^79
Numerous with Capt. J. Smith. ♦SO
Remarkable a. -De Soto's exp"n.l986
Successful a.-Three men. 1076
SceENKUOY in toe.
ENTERTAIN]?! ENT.
Genius fore. -.iEmilius. ♦1902
Cross-reference.
Rewarded with contempt. 1333
See FLA ST and HOSPITALITY in luc.
ENTHUSIASM.
Patriotic e.-lndependenco H.
Persistent e.-Lord Nelson,
for Philosophy-Archimedes.
Remarkable e. -Joan of Arc.
Soldier's e.-Manassas.
♦1903
♦1904
♦1905
♦190G
♦1907
403,5
22,''>1
5703
5945
3752
2090
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Affecting c. for M. Theresa,
of Affection for C'tesar.
Aroused by Sclpio Africanus.
in Battle-Philip,
for Battle-Charles XIL
lieginninR of e. -Remarkable.
( 'hurch-builders-Jewish temple. 863
Despair followed bye. 1906
Kloquence of e. -Peter the H. 17.55
Evil e. for Tetzel. 4.309
by Example-Joan of Arc. 653
of Fanaticism-Joan of Arc. 2080
Inventor's e.-John Fitch. 2990
Lack of e. -General Lee. 1645
for Liberty-Lafayette. 3220
Literary e. -Writes all night. 404
Maiden martyr's e.-Scot. 4142
Missionary e. of Irish. 3637
" " Spanish. 3638
' Columbus. 8(>11
" " " Thos. Coke. 3644
in Old Age-Thomas Coke. 3644
Partisan e.-Lincoln's rails. 3104
Patriotic e.-Am. Revolution. 4036
"-Bunkei Hill. 1894
Popular e.-Patriotlc Paris. 3211
" welcome of Nap's son. 597
e, cultivated. 4323
HNTEKTAIXMEXT— EPITAPH.
Keligious o -Crusades. 1375, 1376
" -PilgriiiiaRes. .5!iHl
" -Woman's-li-abclla.41H4
Soldier's e. -Benedict Ariioid. 40-19
of Soldiers'-Confedtiates. 19o;- '
Springs oi' J. I{elitjloii-Wii''-(!. sir
Slimulat jd by courtliij,' danger. 617
" at crisis- Banner. 651
Strange o.-Prolonged-Crus'dos. 41.50 i
Successful religlotis c. 3(131'
Success by c.-Cru.saders. 4705
" " '■-CrotnweirsHold'r».3ll
t)f Superstiiion-P'ple for Joan. 228
Victory \)y e. -Saratoga,
of Victory-W. at Waterloo.
Youthful-All.
" -Lafayette.
See FANAT'C.
Insane f.-Purltan Muggleton
See FAXATICIS.M.
Dangers of f.-Reformatlon.
Idolatrous f.-Emp.Antoninus. ^2085
Inflamed by f.-Joan of Arc. *20S6
Miracles, Tes: by. *2087
Religious f.-Ref. " prophets." ^2088
"-Gunpowder plot. ♦208!)
" -Peter the Hermit. ♦20SK)
" -Fifth Monarchy. ^2091
♦20i!2
" " -Prots. in Scotland.^2093
Scandalous f.-Quakers. ^2094
Visions of f-- Crusaders. *2095
.5814
3030
6201
6188
♦2083
*2t)H4
Assassinator's f. -Henry III. of K.364
Bloody massacre by f.-Florida. 8.55
('ourage of f. -Crusaders. 3!K3
Curse of f. on Luther. 600
Qttletists In Asia.-Monks. 357
See EXCITEMENT.
Delusive e.-Wm. P. of Orange. +1973
of Discovery-California gold. ♦197-1
Popular e.-AssassInallonof C. ^1975
Abstinence In e.-Gamblers. 6146
of Adventure-Conquest of Fla. 75
Collapse after e -Columbus. 3598
Fatal In old age-Prest. Harrison. 131
Labor In c. Tireless. 16(>2
Love of perilous e.-Wra. P.of 0.4111
by Novel-reading-" Pamela." 3827
Pleasure in e. -Roman circus. 221
Popular e. -Boston massacre. 3517
" against Charles I. .3.523
" " by Stamp Act. 3.525
" -.gainst Catholics. 241
" -Stamp Act-N. Y. 4077
Public e.-Acqulttal of Bishops. 3031
Religious e.-Methodlsts.
Unmanned by e.-Wealtb.
See HOBBYIST.
RIdiculed-CoIumbus a h.
4703
4884
♦2.587
Belief in 1. personal-Mahomet. 140'.
" " personal i.- Joan. 1906
ClalKied for the Zendave8;a. 625
for Conflict-" (iod is with us :" 461
Divlnij impulse-Excuse. 2122
False 1. -Delphic priestes". 3917
In Ilrtred-Wm. P. of Orange. 2654
Language produced by 1. 3131
in Love-Robort Burns. 4219
in Music-Wesley-Mobs. 698
Poetic 1. Intermittent-Milton. 1014
of Religious faith-Battle. 20.'«
See EARNE.^TN'ESS in loc.
ENTHUSIASTS.
Gospel e. -Quakers. *1>W
ENTREATV.
Crorts-rel'erence.
Inefactlve e. of Romulus. .5osi
See niSS.rASI()X.
Impo-isibie d. of Cortez. '168.>
See IMPORTUNITY.
Victim of 1. -Charles II. 2751
See INTERCESSION,
of Innocents-Tlmour rejects. 1337
Life saved by I -Deserters. .536
Woman's I. -Queen Phllippa. 16.39
See PERSUASION.
Eloquence in p. -Pericles. *ll.56
Divinity In p.-Themlsfocles. 2387
Effective-Joan of Arc. l.".57
See PETITION Iti loc.
ENVIRONMENT.
Cross- reference.
Mind influenced by e. -'.W-i
ENVY.
Rebuked-Ollver Goldtmith. ' r.«)9
of Reputation- Arlstldes. ♦ 1 9 1 1>
Unhappiness of e.-Henry III. ♦lail
Poor h.-One Idea, that wrong. 2910
Miscellaneous cross-reference-i.
of Attentions-Goldsmith.
Cruelty and folly of c.-Emp.
I Opportunity for e. -Ostracism.
Opposition from d.-Bunyan.
i Slanders of e. -Raphael.
Sleepless e. of Themistooles.
See COVETOUSNESS.
Contemptible c. of Henry III.
Punished-Melted gold down t,
Royal c.-Henry iii.
EPICURES.
Reputed e.-Tbe English.
See EATlNti in Inc.
EPIDEIflK'.
Destructive e. In India.
See PLAGUE.
Desolating p. -Widespread.
Destructive p. -Romans.
See DISEASE in loc.
EPISCOPACY.
Fictitious e.-Roman.
1835
2797
3969
5171
347
1S9
*1'.264
*1265
♦1266
*1913
*i912
*4I90
'119i
"1914
Speakers-Cato-scipio.
1899
Cross-refercneo.
See INSPIRATION.
Unessential to the Church.
Claim of I.-Alaric.
♦2893
See BISHOP in loc.
Professed i.-Joan of Arc.
♦2894
Proof of I.-Joan of Arc.
♦•2895
EPITAPH.
Unique e.-Ellhu Yale.
In Art-Romans.
" " -Italians.
3:33 Cross-reference.
336 i Hypocrite's e.-Emp. Alexius.
'1915
2700
EPITHETS— EVIDENCE.
H35
. i4o;
1!K)(>
24>i
:i94r
•,'<i:)4
3131
4-,'l'.>
li'JS
1014
.".(.HI
■-'rji
1337
.■.3(>
ii;3'>
"I I. -.ft
,'3S7
i.\5r
:;ij)i
1835
396!)
5171
347
18»
M913
i31-?
M914
^•07
•UU5
2700
EPITHETS.
CroBB-r.ference.
AbnBiree., Luther's.
E4lIJAIiITY.
Religious e.-Mohammedan.
Sentimental e.-Napoleon I.
1150
•1916
•1917
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Communistic e.-Lycurgus. 909
in Crlmes-StoioB. 1294
" Fillh-DanlelWebBtei. 81.33
-with the King. 2787
Legal e. -Romans. 3141
Natural e. doubted. 3413
with Officers of State. 8228
RellKlon favors e. 2656
Social c. hindered. 4006
" " tested. 5217
of Women in religion. 6124
See IMPARTIALITY,
in Judgment-Alexander,
of Justice-Roman,
in Parental aflfeotlon-Mr. Dustln.lli
See COMMUNISM in loo.
E<ITJIPAGE.
C'ross-ruference.
Display of e. -Extravagance.
EQUIVOCATION.
Declined by Johu Huss.
Ingenious e., Bp. Compton's.
Oracular e.-SibylUne books.
8p« HEREBY.
Fined forh.-Donatlsts by Cath.*25.53
Hunting h.-Roger Williams. •25!j4
Madness at h.-Philip II. *2555
Suppression of h. by law. ♦2666
8064
3068
2012
•1018
•1019
•1920
Cross-reference.
Justified-Jesults.
Pee DISSEMBLING.
Successful d. of Faustina.
Unsuccessful d. of Charles I.
2044
•1675
*1676
Artful d. of Faustina.
of Melancholy- Young,
in Speech-Romans.
See DECEPTION in loc.
ERROR.
from Vastness-Explorer.
1675
1670
5202
•1921
Cross-reference.
Acknowledgment of e.-Chas. I. 413
ERRORS.
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Blindness to personal e.
Conviction of e. impossible.
Obstinate adherence to e.
rnabjured-Martyr Huss.
Useful for Instruction.
See APOSTASY.
Open a. of Romanus.
Primitive a. by persecution.
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Champions against h.-tJesuits. 39C0
Far-fetched h.-Joan of Arc. 1720
vs. Malignancy-Parental. 3.389
Punished for h.-William Penn. 3970
Reading the Bible a h.-R. nunne.5T2
Scientific h. of Galileo. .5727
Toleratloi of h.-Roger W. 5638
See HERETICS.
Terrlfled-Branded-Nakedness. ♦2557
Vengeance against h. -Corpse. ♦2558
Pretext for persecuting h. 0073
See MISTAKE.
Encouraging m. -Columbus. •36-I5
See DELUSION and IGNORANCE
in loc.
ESCAPE.
by Bravery-Battle of Hastings. ♦1922
Difficult e.-Martln Luther. ♦ 1983
3855
3854
3853
1918
2026
♦251
♦252
Discreditable a.-Protestant. 1936
Encouraged by law-Maryland. 4116
Explalned-Inconslstency. 2774
Reaction of forced converts to a.020
Required of officer. 1471
See APOSTATE.
Honored unwisely. 8177
Shameful a.-Jastus. 1350
See APOSTATES.
Forgiven by primitive C. •253
Malice of a.-Enlghts Templars.1030
** " "-Julian's. 8648
305
3147
300
1710
393
3203
Miscellaneous cross-references,
from Assassins-Lincoln's.
Declined -Death of Socrates.
Entraordinary e. of Louis P.
Impossible-Roman Empire.
Mortifying e. of Napoleon T.
' to pride.
Narrow-Thos. Paine from death. 30
" -John Wesley from fire. 119
Peril from possibility of e. 1274
Shameful e.-Agathocles. 1588
See FLIGHT.
Hasty f. of Fred. V. " Left his c."84
See SURVIVOR.
Solitary soldier-English. 5935
ESCORT.
Cross-reference.
Burlesque e. 4895
ESTRANOEITIENT.
Connubial e.-Wm. and Mary.
See DIVISION in loc.
'1924
ETHICS.
Cross-rcfcreuoe.
Boundaries In e.
4906
See RIGHT.
of Might-English earls.
•4902
" •• -William III.
•4903
" " -Sword.
♦4904
by Precedent-Napoleon I.
*4905
and Wrong-Boundaries.
♦4900
Dlfgustinge. -James II. 3500
Important-Cien. Washington. 4034
Necessary- Washington-Howe. \5S9
Overdone-King upset. 1.5H6
(Quarrel over e. -Ludicrous. 7.50
See COURTESY.
Denied to Speaker, J. K. Polk.^l2r.7
Forfeited by Bp. of Winch'st'r.*12fi8
Marked o.-Peoullar'.ty of Eng. 'lanD
to Unfortunates-Black Prince. ♦12C0
and Cruelty of Black Prince.
Devotion to c. -Knights.
Embarrassing c.-Ooldsmlth.
Heartless-Roman o.
Infidels denied o.
Insensible to claims of c.
Scant c. remembered.
Sec POLITENESS.
Bardensome p.-nand-.shaklng.
Characteristh p. of Mahomet.
Death-bed p. of Charles II.
with Destitution.
Disagreeable p., Ctesar's.
Distinguished for p., .^millus.
Ignored by politicians.
Intentional p.-Regent of China
Kind p., Sailor's.
Mark of p.-Gluttony.
Rule of p.-Johnsou.
Trespass on p.-Crlticism.
to Women-Sabines.
EUCHARIST.
Cross-reference.
Blessing in e., Spiritual.
EUIiOGIUJTI.
Sublime e. of Washington.
See PRAISE in loc.
77!)
1121
4:«5
2643
2831
2t>44
4083
2.509
801
.3422
2650
340O
1902
386-1
1035
0021
2639
1592
1312
0116
Mm
•1928
EVASION.
I Deceptive e.-Samuel Johnson. •1029
Legal e. -Reversing the tablet. *1930
See EQUIVOCATION.
Declined by John Huss. ^1918
Ingenious e. by Bp. Compton. ♦lOig
Oracular e.-Slbylllne books. ♦1980
of Might-Conquest. 1098
vs. " -Am. Revolution. 5924
of Reprisal-Arab robbers. 4926
Unquestioned, yet false. 5747
See CONSCIENCE and MORALITY
in loc.
ETKiUETTE.
Burdensome e.-Bdward IX. ♦1925
Question of e.-Wash. '8 Ad. ♦1926
Restraints of e.-Anne. ^1927
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Awkwardness of e.
Itf:'
Justified by Jesuits.
EVIDENCE.
Abundant e. Impossible.
( ircumstantial e.-Nero's p
Conflicting e. -Napoleon I.
Constructive e. -Trial of S.
Convincing e.-S. Johnson.
Discredited by suspicion.
External e.. Gnostic's.
Fame, a. of common.
Forced e. -Knights Templars.
Impossible-Mutiny-Columbus,
Inulsputahle e.-Coat of-mail.
Inferential e.-Csesar's wife.
Manufactured e.-Blackmail.
Perverted-Mahomet's fits,
of Prejudice-Gunpowder plot
Presumptive e.-R. of Chas. II.
Purchase of e. by pardon.
Refuted by e.. Peculation.
Rejected- Wife of Bellsarlus.
Religious e.-Joan of Arc.
Secondary e,-Chrlstlan-J.
2044
♦1931
•1932
♦1933
♦iim
♦19S5
♦1930
♦1037
♦19,38
•1939
♦1940
♦1941
♦1942
♦194.3
♦1944
,♦1945
♦1946
•1947
•1048
•h049
•lOSO
•rsi
83ii
EVIL— EVOLUTION.
Slender e.-Trlal of Strafford . * ) "iM
" " sufficient. 'lorij
by Symbola-Barburluns. *i'.)r>4
MiacclliiiicnuH croBsreforenci'.
Assumed- English. 1135
by Astrology of crime. 1'J53
Blindness to e. -James II. m:>')
Clrcumataiitial e., FuUe. lOHl
Conclusive e. -Letter of Chas. I.IGTT
Concocted e.-Prlest and king. aiiHO
Constructive e. misleading. STia
Contradictory o.-Shoes. 3.m4
Convincing e.-False religions, ariil
" -Prej.idlce. S^dO
" " -False-Adultery. 2270
for t'rodullty-Negro plot. ■121 1
by Cruolty-Cut open. ;i()jG
Deceptive c. -Hannibal's f. 701
" "-Sacred Fawn. I17'J
" "-Banyan's disguise. 1(150
Denied successfully. 5070
Difficult e.-Adultery. l!).")!
Encouraging c. -Columbus. 4155
Ex-party o. doubted. 3!tl3
Expert e.-BIaoksmlth-C. II. .3851
by False witnesses-Henry VII. 3150
Flimsy e.-Imaglnatlon. 1289
Forged documents. S102
by Imposture- Voice In wall 2761
Inferential e.- Vlexander. 2822
by Informers-Crlminals-Jas. 11. 911)
Infuriating e.-Ctesar's bloody ^' 40
Manufactured e. -Conspirators. 11.37
Negative vs. Positive e. 2874
Outrages on e. of spies. 1344
Positive e. necessary. 3058
of Prejudice-Lepers burned. 4418
Preparation of e.-Clcero. 1554
Presumptive e.-Nero burns R. 1287
Refused-Trial of Sclpio. 5702
Rejected unheard-Cicero. 2873
Satisfying e. -Discovery of Am. 1880
Self-convincing e. of Chrlstrnlty.833
Smitten of God, Murderer. 2490
Unconscious e.-Mary's white h.l049
Undeslred-Perfldy-James 11. 4038
Venal e.-Pardon for e. 3067
See ACCUSATION.
be Deceptlon-Maximus Fablus. 701
Maiio'.ous a.-C. Wesley- V. 702
" " -Alexander. 1048
a Pretext-Plundering the Jews. 710
for vlolence-R. III. 242
S»c CREDULITY.
of Phllosophers-Strange-S. ♦1281
Religious c.-Prlestcraft. *1888
of the Slck-16th century. *1283
Superstitious c.-Romans. *128'1
" -Persian Magi. ♦1285
Excess of c.-Mohammedans. 3622
of Fanatics-Crusaders. 5850
Gold-seekers c.-Slgns-8plders. 5141
of Hatred-Origin of Huns. 1528
" Superstition-Mystery. 5447
" " -Am. Indians. 5448
" " -First Crusade. 5451
-N. E. Colonies. 54.53
" Timidity-Negro plot. 4214
brings rnbelief-Mlracles. 3620
VlcHm of c.-Cotton Mather. 1567
See DETE(;TIVi;.
Harmless d.-Uobert Uurii.t. *l.^52
Stupid d.-l'ol. Jam'.s'u-Andrc.*l.">.'>'l
Tseful d., Cicero's. *1J''>'
(,'onnlvlng d. -Robert, Burns. ♦1972
.See K.VA.\IINAT|i)N.
Needless-End of web shows. ♦1959
Fearless of e.-Metliodlsts
St'c KACT.S.
Assumed by .Vristotlo.
705
♦;i020
Eloquence of f.-Appius. 3H.w
Nature's f. evince he r laws. 3799
Se« INloUMKlt.
Dastardly i. -James Hurton. 2H.")0
Massai.'i'o provi'iited by i. UWO
See INKOU.MEIIS.
Uojccted by Vespasiiiu. ♦2HI."j
Blackmail paid to I. 2008
Criminals for 1. -Jeffreys' court. 919
Detested-Am. Revolution. 22.57
Heartless i. -Jeffreys' court. I'i9
Infamous i. -Titus Oates. O0.i3
Tools of tyranny. 1953
See INOUI.srriON.
Abominable in Spain. ^2877
Romish In Franco. ^2878
Ignorance directing i. 2721
Truth outraged by 1. 5727
See INVESTKJATtON.
Opposed-Financial-Epgland. ^2994
Resented by Clarendon. ^2995
Startling l.-Credit Mobiller. ^2990
Personal l.-Koyal-Majorian.
See MIUACLE.
Fraudulent m. -Weeping V.
1654
♦3020
Apparent m.-Walls fall. 5824
Constructive m.-Wm. P. of 0. 4555
Contempt for false m. 3528
Failure of expected m. 2087
Popular m.-Colncldence. 965
by Saints only. 5704
of Superstition-Persian. 1285
-" King's Evil." Ki80
Supposed ra. -Joan of Arc. 2895
See MIUACLES.
False m.-Delphlc priests. ♦3621
" -Mahomet's. ♦•3622
♦362.3
by Martyrs-Catholic. ♦3024
Modern ra. -Pascal's. ♦3625
Monkish m. -Legendary. .3626
See OMEN.
Accidental o.-Duke William. 31
" " " fell. ;«
-See OMENS.
Ancient o. -Romans. ^3905
Annoyed by o. -Charles I. ♦3000
Presage of o.-Romans. ^3907
Terrorized by o. -Sailors. ^3908
Regard for o., Superstitious. 22,37
" " " by Romans. 385
Sec PROOF,
of Good Intentions-Cleopatra. ^4515
Demanded of divinity.
1691
of Religlon-Constantlne's.
Sophistical p.-Elther side.
See SION.
of Destiny-Mahomet's.
4534
57.33
♦5i;«
of Talent, Mathematics a s. 5506
See SIUNS.
Faith In g.-Oold. ♦5MI
Need of j. -Ignorance. ^5142
SlgnlQcant s. of the times. ^51 13
Welcomed 8. -Columbus. ^5144
In Jurisprudence, Language of.3985
See SPIES.
Ensnared by s.-Ostragoths. ♦,')304
Shameless s.-Joh' 1 Locke. *.'>:305
Victims of 8,-Tlieodora's. 13M
See SPY.
an Infamous s.-Tempter. ♦5321
Arrested-Major Andrfi. 1043
Honored-Andre's memorial. 2610
Suspicion creatjd by s , False. .5350
Unsuspected s.-Alfred tho G. .5820
See TEST.
for Office, Religious t. ♦5674
Benevolence a t. of religion,
of Bigotry in benevolence.
" Confidence-Alexander.
" Demoulzed damsel.
" Parental affection-Maurice
Religious t. for civil office.
See TESTIMONY.
Christian t.-John Bunyan.
Imaginative t.-Columbus.
Trial of t.-Mlddle Ages.
.550
528
1048
1567
, 1348
3»11
♦5575
♦5570
♦5577
In Death-Montrose. 1448
Disreputable t. -Titus Oates 4213
by Torture-England. 5651
See TRADITION.
Worthless t.-Cromwell. ♦5667
Supreme faith In t.-.Jews
See WITNESS.
Abuse of w., Jeffreys'.
False w.-Dlck Talbot.
" " -Titus Oates.
of the Spirit- J. Wesley.
2036
♦6031
♦6032
♦0033
♦0034
Discreditable w.-Trlal of B. 540
False w., Confusion of. 2192
Murder of w. by CalUas. 2871
Shameless w. Ingrate-Burton. 2850
See WITNESSING.
for Christ-Early Christians. ^6035
See CONFESSION, FAME and
TRIAL in loc.
EVIL.
Overruled-Passionsof H.VIII. ^1955
Miscellancoun cross-references.
Hatred of doers of e. 2831
Overcome by good-Lycurgus. 8264
See ADVERSITY and SIN
in loc.
fiVOIiUTION.
Cross-reference.
Traces-Animal like men.
1470
EXAGOEItATION-EXCITK.MKNT.
See DEVELor.MKNT.
Social d.-Loiubiirds.
♦ison
of Genius in periods. yi!l7
Inventions by d. -Steam onKlM(>,.'jr.'W
Perfeutlon by d. -Paradise Lost. 1108
See IIEUKDITV.
of Disposition -Frederick II. *iV)I
Failure of li. -Howard's father. ♦^553
of rliaraot'-r rbarles I. 30**
Contradlcted-Orleuns princes. '^^7
of Crinie-Cjesar's family. mn-'
Cruelty by li. -Nero ]:iir
3073
of Dlsposltiou-Fredeiick II. y.'i.'il
" -Melancholy. H.'idO
-Nero. r)3(i0
Failure of h. -Cromwell's son. .W.'jT
of Genius-Watts. sairi
" -Blaise Pascal. 3.'i.M
In Government-Monarchy. 31,')1
-Female line-I. 3458
Incompetence by b. -Goldsmith. ■i;il3
in Meciianics-East Indian. a.").'};
of Profession in Kgypt. 4480
" Sliamelessness-F'erdinand. SOCC
KXAGGERATION.
Barbarian e. -Personal awe. *ia,'jO
Detected-Samuel Johnson. *l9.'i7
Impious e.-Politlcal. *1958
Liulit of e.-Knglish martyrs.
ProfltinR by e. of fools,
in Pul)lio life Washington.
Sl^tnllicant c -Pausunias.
Sustained by e. Torture.
Teaching cliildren by e.
Terrlfyln:; e. for heretics.
" -Uebels.
Sic l.viITArio.N.
Fameless l.-Fenlmore Cooper.
I.'nappn^ciated in art.
13.W
CAfM
3Ul:i
:r,->i
711
3»3H
3.->,'-i7
3h:.'-,
'■.>; in
I of Genlus-Cohinil)us' cffH. 3;iitl
vs. Invention- Ked Man. 3!K«i
t of Manners .). Hokk. 30tjl
; in Paintln(f,Scrvlie-l.''jtl] century.:! l."i
j Skill i)y 1. in Fine Arls-AnKaio. .'ii:.
; " " " ' Italy. 3111
I Sue 1'RK(;EI)KNT.
I Kstabiishinu p.-Nap(j|eon I. 41lii.")
Higlit l)y 1). -Napoleon I liKtt
KXASPEKATIOIV.
Uashness of e.-Kthun Allen. *li(('7
Miscoll:iiiO(ji]s critss-refercnci'S.
Calmness provokes e. -Socrates. 700
by Inhumanity-Sepoys. 4847
in Misfortune feared. 18C7
Sec ANGER iind I'KOVOCA'I'IdN
in loc.
Miscellaneous n(i...sreference.
Needless e. rebuked.
See BURLESQUE.
Christmas festivities In Italy.
See CARICATURE.
Religious c.-Pope-Eugland.
EXAiniNATIOlV.
Needless e.-End of a web s.
EXCKl.E.ENri!:.
Cost of e. -Time.
2150
a50
49.33
"1959
♦1908
Cross-references.
without Credit-Emp. Gratlan. 1007
Imitation proves e. 384
See (iOOl).
Doing g. dally. *-i:m
Cross-reference.
Fearless of e.-Methodists. 705
See DISCUSSION and EVIDENCE
in loc.
EXAinPIiE.
Folio wed-Self -destruction.
Instruction by e. -Gauls.
Power of e.-Patrlotlsm.
" " "-Gen. Jaoksou.
" "-John Huss.
' -Peter the Great.
Quoted-Johnson by G.
♦1900
*196I
*1902
♦1903
*1964
*1965
♦1906
for Evil, Returning g.
See (K)ODNESS.
False g.-Charllaus.
Greatness of g.-Perlcles.
" " " -Puritans.
Terrifled by g.-Henry III.
Miscellaneous cross-references.
of Benevolence-Mahomet. 624
Encouragement by e. -Napoleon. 647
Enthusiasm by e.-Joan. 053
Following o. of others. .3740
" "-Benevolence. 4163
" "-Desertion. 1.537
of Frugality-Cresar. 3103
" Generoslty-J. Harvard. 3388
Gift-the Better. 2388
Imltated-Government. 4873
Inspiration by e.-Oolnmbus. 981
Instructed by e.-Peter the O. 1493
Instruction by e.-Paul. ,3824
" " -Cato. 397
" " " ~P. Henry. 5694
of God, Inflnlte g.
Greatness of g.-C. de' Medici.
Lasting glory of Agesilaus.
Re.spected-John the Good.
See MERIT.
Evidence of m. -Promotion.
Force by m.-Poet Terence.
Ignorance by m. -Saracens.
Nobility by m. -Napoleon I.
Pav*'al m. -Samuel Johnson.
Promotion by m. -Anglo-Sax.
Supremacy of m -Napoleon I.
4027
♦2394
♦3395
♦3396
♦2397
1423
2477
23(B
3618
*.3.-)89
*35!I0
*3.')lll
*3."i',l3
*.3.");i:i
*3.'>94
♦.3595
vs. Adulation-Athenians. 5337
Borrowed m. charged-Kaphael. 415
Combined m. of Raphael. 446
Crown of m. -Romans. i;i3."i
Encouragement to m. -Crown. Kiii
Honors without m. 3'.«;3
" for m.-" Win spurs." 3t>;iO
Less than money. ,3071
Mediocre m. despised by Shelley. 197
vs. Merit-Moez. 3074
Nobility of m. -Sentimental. 1917
Overlooked- Johu A^aipa. 4314
837
I I'ersiMiiled l)y li'ti rlor.". 3().')5
I'recediiici of m.. Small. 4,398
Promotion by m.-Croinwi'll. 4513
" "• Spartans. ]h33
liecogtiltloii of m. by Tlincvur.- 130,
Wespect for ni School, ihoI
Uewarded vs. Rank. MVi
If'iyally of m. Cromwell. 3;i3t)
of SmImIs Transferred by jMipe. 71 1
Success by ni.-" Win liisspiirs,"l,Mi(»
" A. .loliiison ,MI('i
Test of m.-I-'iclil ( ■.■il)crus. :i;t,i,s
Women, Four pcrf. ci t](r,v,
S.i'WnKIII
Moral w. Louis I.\ nmn
Kniinence by w. II. Wilson. IMOS
Work l)rings w. oxcii (1151
Sec K.M'EUT. SKILL :,i»i VIIITIK
KXi'KSS.
licaclion of IV V.\. of rliiis. I
Mis('i'l!aii,'(,ii-i rf. IS- ri'Tci-tnci-.-
in Hecreatlon "(icnticnien."
Tendency (jf wine .lohiisoii
S.-., KA.NATlrls.M /„ i„v.
►nii'ili
4t;37
10
i<:x4:i':ssi:s.
Ruinous e. t'liarles XII. *VXM
Sic E.XrilEMlSI'S.
Exaggeration of e. Non-reslst. .'!83<
Judgment of e., Heligiou? I13r>
sii nissii'ArioN. k.\tka\ a
(JANCE, E.XTRKMKS iii.il
(ibrT'l'dNV ill Iw.
i<:x<;H.\N(>:ii:.
CrnssritiTciire.
I'neciual e.- Homuliis.
Sic sniSTiTm: n, in
EX<^rsE.
Laws-First English.
Unexecuted Kobert Hun -.
.'.osi
♦1971
♦1973
EX<'ITEinEIVT.
Delusive e.-Wni. P. of Orange. ♦197,'i
of Discovery-California gold. ♦1974
Popular e.-As.sassination of ('.♦197,">
Mlscflhuu'ous cfiiss-rcfiTi'iicos.
Abstinence in c.-<;amblers. 6140
of Adventure-Conquest of Fla. '5
Collapse after e. Columbus. ;i598
Fatal in old age Prest. Harrison. 131
Labor in e.. Tireless. 1003
Loveof Perilous e. Wni. P. of f) 4111
by Novel-reading " Pamela." .SSi'?
Pleasure in e.- Roman circus. 331
Popular e. -Boston massacie
" " against Charles I.
" by Stamj) Act.
" against Caliiolics.
" -Stamp Act N Y.
Public e. -Acquittal of Hishoiis. 3031
Keligions c. -Methodists. 470.3
Unmanned bye.-Wealtli 4884
Sec AOri'A'l'ldN.
Perils of a.-Reformatlon. ♦14B
Perseverance In a. .Vnti-Slav. ^147
,3517
3,53.3
3,535
241
4077
Clairvoyant a -Swedeuborg.
014
!»16
s:i,s
KXCOMMrNlCATlON— KXI'KDirioN
i ''
Kmlm. riiiJMtiK^nt-J. A. b. G. 11
. 274
NoedlesH u. London panic.
mm
I'litrlotism lnHiiined by a.
■■aar,
uroiiNed by a.
•41 in
Political a. EuKlund.
•|-,'4J
" " oppoBcd-WlilKs.
'(!ll^>
Power of a. Pctt;r the Heitnlt.
imi
Unseasonable a. Cato
m>\)
Sto AI.AKM.
Needless-Pertlnax made om|).
*10.-)
UeliKlous H. of Luther.
♦ItiU
of Consclence-I3. Abbott.
iKiy
M(!sscnKer of a.-P. Uevere.
.IHHI
Nations In a. of Napoleon.
41UU
tiuicted by Scripture.
10H7
Hellglou promoted by a.-Lu' ner-VtSl
SuperBtltlous a. -Europeans.
5430
Unexpected a.-Uomo-(;eese.
lOUl
by VIslon-Hriitiis.
6840
.Si'e AN.VIKTY.
Oonsumlnfc a. of Marlborough.
♦a45
Maternal a. for Infant-Indians
118
Parental a. of U, Burns' father.
*840
of ResponslblUty-A. Lincoln.
*847
Common to humanity.
mot
Parental a. of Kmp. Severus.
^':i!t
Kellef from a. -God.
4.-).'-)H
Relieved by humor-L.
1750
See AWAKKNIWU.
Sp'ritual-Bunyan.
1180
" "
569
" -Terrlble-Bunyan.
5100
" -Martin Luther.
1178
-Terrifylnft-Nelson.
118!)
" " -Bunyaii.
1191
-A. Clark.
1181
-Bartley Campbell.
41(a
" -H. 1). GouRh.
1179
" -Misery in.
1I9:1
" -I5Elancholy-Fox.
a-)04
-by Prayer.
1188
" -Unhappiness by.
1192
Soe CUAZK.
for Gold-Emigrants.
3.388
See ENCHAXTMEXT.
Boyish e.-David Crockett.
o:w
" "in books-IrvlHR.
0-,'G
Personal e. by Maliomet.
2184
See EXASPERATION.
Rashness by e. -Ethan Allen.
'1967
Calmness provokes e. -Socrates. 700
by Inhumanity-Sepoys. 4847
Intended-mad Cambyses. 2881
in Misfortune feared. 1267
Rashness of e.-Boston m'8sacre.35i7
Uncontrollable e. of W'shlnp:t'n.4480
See EXHILARATION.
Music VS. Drink. 37.53
See MOB.
Audacity of Paris m. -Revolution. 658
Calmness amid the m. -Wesley. 098
of Fanatics controlled by clem. 40
MLstaiien-Cinna put to death 372
Terrifying m.-New York draft. 3646
See NERVOUSNKSS.
Evinced by Samuel Johnson. *3807
See PANIC
by Contraction of finances. *3979
Financlal-U. S., 1873. *3980
Financial Ennland. 1817. *3981
Needless p. " Popish plot," ♦.•)982
Mttht of p.-Anarchy in Lond. *3983
I'nexpected p Ennhind 182.') ♦.'1984
Artificial cause of p. 21U5
<'itlzen8 p.-Paul.loncs at W. 045
civil War Homo Kubicon. 2117
Defeated by p.-A(,'lnroiirt. 3h;14
" " Nap,, Kliiuiiclal p. .'i2.><7
Klnuaolal p. -France. 221 1
"-EnK.-CliHS, 11. 2892
" " -France. 5280
See ENTHl'SIAS.M, KANATHISM
aiiil PASSION ill Inr,
KXrOiliraiJNK^ATION.
or Money-Papal. '"1976
Cro-tM-relVrenCf.
Terrors of e. -Greek Church. 12
See EXlTl.SIoN inluc.
BXri'SK.
Abandoned by Llxarius.
•197
Miscellaneous crossreferitnces.
Convenient e.-Dlsobedlence. 1904
Feeble e. -Divorce of 11. VIM. 3444
for Shameful conduct-Penn. 007
EXCVSES.
Ignominious e. of James II. '1978
See APOLOdY.
Degradln/^ a. demanded by J.n.*248
Assassin's a. -Caracalla. 1123
Doubtful a.-Marrlajfe of VI. VII 1.4.')8
Weak a. for ingratitude. 28.")7
See PRETEXT,
for Banishment of French Caths.448
Commercial p.-Lysander. 819
Conscience a p. -Sunderland. 1186
for Divorce-Henry VIII.
-Peter III.
Fiinisy p. for war-Romans.
" Extortion-Henry VIII.
RollKlon a p.-Blbulus.
Religious p. for vlce.-Mahomet. 03
" of James II. ,'i77
See VINDICATION.
Audacious v. by Bothwell. *
See EXPLANATION in loc.
0C(;9
6009
428
430
38,50
,5H;12
EXECUTION.
Brutal e.-Duke of Monmouth. *19r9
Inhuman-Monmouth's rebels. *1980
Mlscellaneou!* cross-references.
Bravery at e. -Du Chatelard.
Bruta''ty In e. of Monmouth.
" " " " rebels.
Composure at e. 1407,
Coveted e.-Donatist martyrs.
Disgraceful e. merited.
Escape from e.-Swedenborg.
First American e. on gallows,
of Friend by a friend.
Horrifying e. of rebels.
" "-Boiling water.
Ineffective, Public e.
Infamous e. of Raleigh,
of Innocent men-Negro plot.
Pleasure In witnessing e.
3342
1979
1980
1412
3500
1357
5681
4003
1364
4630
4031
4509
1139
4214
1355
Preveiited-Capt. Jolm .Smith.
Uansonu'd by e. of friends,
shameful e., Henry Vane's.
Triumph In e. by fortitude.
See ("RC(,'IKIXION.
.Modern u. in India.
Agony of 0., Great.
Honored after c.-Josus.
See IIANOINO.
Forecast of h.-.\m. patriots.
Public h -S. Johnson's views,
a Remedy-Cromwell's.
rvn
1141
1211/
* 13.11
1H
1.321
*251i)
♦251 1
♦2512
or Marrlage-Wm. Wat's cholee. 3434
EXERCISE.
Important e. -Military. ^1981
See ACTIVITY,
Military a.-Roinans. ♦.39
Determined a.-" Close action." 1904
Success by unexpected a.
See WALKING i»i l„r.
EXERTION.
Absorbed In e. -Napoleon I.
See ENERGY hi toe.
EXHIBITION.
Immense e.-Am. Contennial.
1491
♦1982
♦1983
Miscellaneous cross-references.
01 Beauty-Cleopatra -Antony. 6278
Brutal-.(E8thetical e. of Romans. 102
Dishonorable-Commodus. 34.30
Impressive e. of bloody g'rm'nts.46
103
821
3805
815
2i
Realistic e. of Romans.
See CIRCUS.
Passion fore. -Romans.
See EXPOSITION,
of Industry-Timour.
See TOURNA.MENT.
of Chivalry-Edward I.
Splendid t. by Henry II. of F
See DISPLAY and THEATRE
in loc.
EXHILARATION.
Cross-reference.
of Music vs. Drink. 375.3
See CHEERFCLNESS and IN-
Tl MPERANCE in lw.\
EXILE.
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Happily ended-Clcero. 1058
Honored e. -Lafayette. 4318
Long e.-" The Pretender." 6223
Provision in e., Generous. 3641
EXISTENCE.
Cross-reference.
Memorials of e.-Few Indians. 3568
EXPECTATION.
Delusive e. of Columbus. *19S4
EXPECTATIONS.
Popular e.-Civil War. *1985
See CONFIliENCE and HOPE
IH loc.
EXPEDITION.
Remarkable e., De Soto's. ^1980
Cross-reference.
Remarkable e.-Hanulbal-Alps. 5234
See AI)Vi;.NHIlEU.
Born u.-IIernaudo t'ortez.
K»
Drram of mi ti. -Count do H. 1S8
Iloniired-Ooo. VllllorB by Ji»s. I. 404
-Ul«(rr4ct'fiil a. '..MIO
Sec .\I>VKNTI'KKRS.
DlsHppolnteil-Theodorlo and fi. ♦?.)
Numerous a with ('apt J. Smith. •«)
Kcmarkable a.-Ue Soto's ex.
Successful a. -Three men.
Sec EXI'KOKKKS.
Inhumanity of e, to Indians.
liellKious e -Catholics In Am.
!fff URU.^ADKS I'll loc.
EXPENSE.
Division by e.-13 States.
7:m
♦1087
Croas-rcfurenci'.
Inconsiderate of e.-Ooldsmltb. ijaC3
See KCOXOMY. K.KTU.W.VdANCK,
KKfUALlTY iinil I'Uit'K
in Inc.
EXPERIENCE.
Guidance of e.-Dlsc. of S. A.
Needless-Com. Perry-Am. R.
Personal e. for reformation.
Test of human e.-S. Johnson.
*1988
•KIHil
•lono
*199I
Miscellaneous croBS-references.
Benevolence prompted by e.
Oatned by loss-Spaniards,
Judgment from e.-Father.
Lesson of e. -"Adversity."
" " " -Napoleon I.
Lessons of e.-Peter Cooper.
" " -Soldiers.
" " -Wm. P. of O.
of Poverty-Lesaons-Johnson.
Sympathy from e.-S. Johnson.
Untaught by e. -James 11.
" " "-Crusaders.
' EXPERiniENT.
Inwmplete e.-Prof. SUUman. *1902
Scientific e.-Youthful Newton. *1993
43r)5
2815
2108
3277
4021
1785
2814
6104
4355
5493
4085
4150
Miscellaneous cross-references,
in Diet of Sailors-Irving. 2734
Proof by e. of matter. 1935
Science by e. -Bacon. 5049
Success by e.-Dr. Morton. 5410
EXPERIMENTS.
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Knowledge by e.-R Stevenson. C.39
Progress of coeiety by e. 900
EXPERT.
toy Practice-Jeffreys. *1994
389
3041
Crossreforence.
Physical e -Henry II.
EXPERTS.
Unappreciated-Frederick II.
See ABILITIES.
Misapplied -Fred. Il.-Voltalre. *3
Numerous a -R. Emp. Jiistinian. *4
Overrated-Pompey. ♦o
Shown in youth. -Alexander. *0
Useless-J. Dryden-Debate. ^7
kxpknsp:- rxTdUTiox.
Conversational a S, Johnson. 1172
')anKtrous a.-Unlt structed. l.W
Dililomatlc a.-<'orrupte(l. I.V.U
" " -Remarkable. ItiiHi
l''i(iUl for a., Appropriate. 4221
Iraiiracllcal a.-Mllton In p'lltlcH.42,"r
Manifold a. -(iueen i;i!/alMth. SOU.')
MUappllod -Failure- Newt on. 2I(K)
'• -Golds'h. 2o;io
-"Miign't lirule " lOilH
MispUiced-iilbbon In l'arrment.40,'')4
Multiplex a., Cicsar's. 24;')
Numerous ii. (ialllcnus. IWiO
Practical a. M. Van Huron. 42.M
Pie.'iunialile u.-Klevatlon .'i.W.l
Prostituted a.-Knip. (iratlaii. 1007
Restricted field for a. of Cii'sar. 27."i
Triumph of a.-\Vm. Pitt. :Vm;
Wrecked, Splendid a. -Burns 2027
Sec SA(iAcnY.
Political s. -Henry clay. 1275
" " -Professional polit'n.4274
See SKILL.
Misapplied s.-Perp'i motion. *.Miw
Proof of s. -Rothschild. *.")l(i!i
^larksraan's s.-Commodus.
" "-Crockett.
Sec SPECIALriY.
Success by s.-Kmp. Maxlmlau.
EXPIATION.
(.'roHs-rcfcrcncc.
Sin of youthful pride.
See ATONEMKNT.
Belief of American Indians,
of Vengeance. -Am. Indians.
EXPLANATION.
Relief by e.-Loui.s Philippe.
Cross-ri'tVrciicc.
Neglect of e. in family gov't
Sec AI'OKOOY.
Degrading a. demanded by .1.11.
411
248
Convenient o. for disobedience. 1904
Feeble e.-Dlvorce of H. VIII. 3444
for Shameful conduct. -W. Penn 007
See EX(;l'SES.
Ignominious e. of James II. *1978
See IXTEKPKETATION.
Unrestricted i. of mythology. ♦29.59
three Senses in the Bible-S.
See INSTRUCTION ialoc
5>-3
EXI'ONIi ION.
Mi<c'cll.imnu, (■rn,s.ri'lcriMic
Imtncn.sp e.-i'entennlal.
of liidu,>itry by Tlnioiir.
EXPOSIRE.
of Purpose (at holii^ plans
Threat of c , ()|?U'e by.
3i;in
4322
*5277
1002
51.-)8
4S48
♦1995
Assassin's a.-Caracalla. 1123
Doubtful a.-Man-iage of II. VHI.4.'i8
Weak a. for Ingratitude. 2S57
See DEFINniOX.
Partial d. -Plato's man. 3391
See EXtJl'SE.
Abandoned by Llgarlus. *1977
8;ju
l'.H-!
2H05
*lt»0«
*iyi)7
-Misrclliiiic.iuH cr(i.4r*.rrC''r<-'H .'.i
of ( itlelty of Applus Clauiliili. ia55
■' Hypocrisy Pleasing. •.'li'.H
" Vices of M. Piirliainent 4S7»
'■ Vice, Woman's revenge for. I8.">S
Sec iNrnu\i:.:ii.
Diistanlly I. Jiinies Itiirtoii nHr^)
Massacre prevented by i loiiij
Sec INKullMKUs.
Rejected by Vespasian *284.^
Itlackniall paid to i. 2008
EXPULSION.
of Scholars Fellows of M. C, •1904
Misccllancnur* crl>.^,s-rcf\'rlMlrlM
of Aliens from U. S.
De.served e. Bribery Sir J. N.
Humiliating e. from Lincoln
(vcm Ministry s. Johnson.
Vigorous e. -Bribery resenteil
Wronged by e. -Minister.
Sec EXILE.
Happily ended-cicero.
Honored e -Lafayette.
Long e.-"The Pretender."
Provision in e., (Jenerous.
EXTKK.1IINATION
War of e , (^Mieei\ .\nn"'s.
See DESiiL.STION ;iii.l HEMIl
TinN (II lor.
EXTORTION.
Complete e. -England by L.
(Jruel e. -Jew's tooth dally.
" "-Mass. Colony
Dilemma in e.-Ilenry \IH.
of fJovernnient-Charles I.
Misnamed " Benevolence."
Outrageous e. Romans in B.
Royal e. -Richard II.
Subni'ssion to e.-M. Crassus
107
OOi)
•)3l
.■ill 10
I). 07:!
1081
: of Benevolence-IIenry VIII.
I " " -James I.
Capitalist's o.-Jews.
! church e. of dues-England.
I Disgraceful e.-Joan of Arc.
I of Gifts for Maxentius.
" " " Charles I.
, by Government-France.
j of Jailers for debt.
, " :Merchants-Roman.
Balanced-George Washington. .3400
I EXPLORERS.
I Miscellaneous cr(iss-referciice:i.
1 Inhumanity of e. to Indians. 908
I Religious e. -Catholics in Am. 7.36
EXPORTS.
I Miscellaneous cmssi-fcrciiccs.
i Opposed-Coal from England. 1131
Restricted e.-New England Col. 980
" -England.
" Offertory-Duke of Guise.
Permitted-Courtiers-James II.
of Prisoners by jailers.
Religion opposed by e.
Revenge of masses on Rufinius
of Traders-England.
Universal e. -English judges.
Unterrified by e.-U. Peter
4318
02-iJ
2011
•lOO'.l
*200()
•2001
•20()2
*'200:>
•2004
*2(X)5
*20('ii
♦2(X)7
*2008
430
523
712
868
17'iO
376
.3662
3073
21 2.^:
,56.5«;
5659
SO'ii)
527
007
4469
1190
, 427
B656
121T.
840
EXTUAVA({AN('i:— FAITH.
I
Soc lll.ACKMAII,.
Cnnit-rcffrcnt'i'.
Contribution JustlHttd. aKiH
Her IIAI'ACITV.
ll(iynl r. of Henry III. ♦l»;i:i
UollU'sllc c. U. II. lO.UlKI p. ♦•J(K(il
in Kood "CofTcc iiiid 'I'i'a." 'JOIO
Opprt'ssloM by n t liarlos I. ••jiii i
I'rUle, of \\c)iinilf(l Will. I'ltt. *«)!•,•
Itubiikeil by WuHliliiKloii. *;'0i;)
liulnouH e. of Komiins. ''.Htu
MlscclhuM'uiis cross-rotVTt'tii-t'-.
HatKiUdt Court of Hoiiu'. ■i')-4
Crlnnis proc'i'cil froinc. .\rnol(l.:;i5(')ll
Crufl o. of Wra. lie c. ;i!m;i
lu Dross encouriiKed II. VIII. ITiH
" " rcritidofo. i:;.'!!
" Fijasts-lioiniiiis. ;i3Tl
" Kctniilo dress noiimns. K.'iO
" Foodslricliitf-blrds. :;.'1TH
LlinlttMl by lt.w-KnKlaii(l. ir.'W
vs. Poverty (.ii.stli'iimlni". ■VViH
Prevent li-n of e. Plaiudw'lUnKS.lT.M
]{el)Uked-()sleiitutlous barber. lUIlT
■■1G3H
.■!(i:;!
6318
mi;!
5filiH
2073
3H!1
aua
♦3303
*.'!3(it
♦33(52
♦3305
♦3300
♦3307
♦3308
♦3369
♦3370
♦3371
♦a372
in Hocreatlon-IJa.lazet.
ItiiluoiH e. (iov't F.
In Sport-t)ttoman.
s™ MWliRIlOS.
Comparafivo 1.- Scots- Knj;.
DemorallziiiK 1.- Alexander.
Ileaven'.s l.-Moliammudau.
Kejeeted by Mahomet.
Kopressed by sumptuary 1.
Warfare against 1., Cii'sar's.
Si'o I.U.XUKY.
Uanprers of 1. Puritans.
Denied Oxford friars.
Kiiiploynient of the poor.
Kvllof 1. Spartans.
Excess In 1 -Alexander.
Misplaced lu Roman camp.
Nauseous 1. -Tobacco,
vs. Poverty-Komans.
Hepudlated-Prlmitlve C.
Senseless 1 -Roman feast.
Cnsatlsfying l.-Iialan.
KXTHKITIITV.
Dellvenince lu e Wni, 1'. of «).*lMi;2
Hi'.K'KlSIS.
Kqual to the e. Cromwell. •i:xi,1
Resolution at tlie r.- Di'vereux. (i.M
KYi:.
DIsfldured SaniiU'l .lolinsion. ♦•,'iil7
MlsrfllHiiL*(Hi« irii>s rcrvrcmi'H.
Aeeident kills Henry II. of I''raii(C.JH
mind, Convctnieiitiy Nelson. 11«>I
Detielent-Samnel Johnson. 3','H'.'
Destroyed In antcer. 3'Jiil
Wounded In the e. -Harold. :)lil
Useless e. -Siamese Junks. ••.>()18
MIscoIlftnci)!!.-* crniH r'-lVrcnces.
Decoive<l-Mlra«e. IMl
Destroyed by tyrant. VIS5
" -Caplives-nasll. I'U'.'
Moral protection of e. .Monks. •U)2
Soldiers vamiuished by e.
See lil.INDXKSS.
Disqualified by b., Kln;{s.
by study-Iohn Milton.
Abollshed-Vices none. 3065
Character deteriorated by 1. 4888
Condemned, Roman. 8384
Corruption by 1. -Roman famllleB.407
Debased by 1. -Vandals. 063
Enervated by 1. -Romans. 901
Exhibition of 1. 3383
Increased by R. aqueducts. 4.59, 400
National enervation by I. 4200
Perilous to the Stato-Cato. 200
State endangered by 1. 58,66
Suppressed by disprace. 4011
Sou rUODIGALlTY.
Checked by instruction. *447S
Encouragcd-Ruinous. ^4479
See EXCESS in loc.
EXTREinES.
Miflcelhinuous cross-rfferences.
Climatic e. bring rev's. 951
Corrected by e. -Napoleon. 3552
In Religion-Puritans. 4704
" " -Crusaders. 4705
ltv,-j
♦r,03
Bravery of King-nilnd .Tolm. 297
.Siu API'EAUANrES nnil VANITY
in luf.
FACE.
Cr»it*!*-rt'ftTl'lict'.
Winsome f. of Edward IV. 47
FACTIONS.
Mifjcdlaneourt croHs-rt'ftTonccs.
Conspiracy of f.-Columbu.*^. 37.')8
Dangerous-" Blue and Green." 2019
Growth of f.-Caracalla and (;eta.239
See DISUNION and I'AUTY
in luc.
FACTS.
Assumed by Aristotle. *2020
MIacpllaneou8 crosa-rcforpnceH.
Eloquence of f.-Applus. 1855
Nature's f. evbme her laws. 3799
See EVIDENCE and TKUTII
in toe,
FACUIiTIES.
CroRS-referoncca.
In Ago, Brilliant f. -Adams. 2046
Well preserved f. of Wesley. 1,S8
" " .68.54
See ADILITIKS iind GENIUS
in loc,
FAILURE.
Beginning with f .-Demos. +2021
Cause of f.-l-'irst Cable. ^2022
Discouragement by f.-Bp. McK+2023
at First-Frederick the Great. ^2024
by Incompetenco-Iuv's'onof C.^2(i25
Lesson of f.-Ignorance. *2020
in Life-Robert Burns. ^2027
Signal f. -Spanish Armada. *2028
Mortllieatlon of f.-.lnnies II.
Mortifying f. CruHaders.
In Oratory-Washington Irving,
Reputation for f. Illbulus.
Retrleved-Burke'HBpet'ch.
Success of f , Apparent.
" after f. Grant.
Vanity causes f.-Tlmotheus.
in War-Kight Years'.
" " -Seven Years'.
S.eUANKUUl'TCY.
Courage In b.-Sir Walter Scot
Predicted Natlonal-Hritlsli.
.Se DKl'KAl'.
Beginning with d. -Lincoln.
Brilliant d.- Napoleon -W.
Concealed d.- Samuel Johnson
Dinicult d.~Ca'sar.
Inspiring d. -Bunker IIIll.
Instruction by d. -Peter the (i.
Mortllieatlon of d. -.Montcalm
Overwhelming d.-. Moscow.
Service of d.-Bidl Run.
37I'.»
IDOfi
,sn.50
2771
10
.M02
.Mil
2213
.'illOO
.59117
t. 9'.»
♦I.M
♦1488
♦1489
.♦UfJ
♦1191
♦1492
♦im
♦1491
♦149.5
♦1190
Mlscelliiiiemis crosa-reforences.
Beginning with f.-Shelley. 2314
Business f.-Misdirectlon. 2.321
Discouragement from f. ■ Demos. 2021
" -Bishop McK. 2023
Beginning with d.-Am. Rev, ,5881
Despair by d. -American Rev. 1641
Kmblttored by d.-John Adams. 4231
Kxempt frpm d. -Cromwell. 311
Fatal d. -Horace Greeley. 4281
Impossible d. -Col. Moultrie's. 6,50
Honor In d.-Per!<ians at Petra. 013
numlllatlon bv d. -Romans. 2062
Mortifying d. -Henry Clay. 4247
" of Charles I. 3583
Stinging d. -Persians by B. 014
See INSOLVENCY.
(iovernmental I. -Charles. IL ♦2892
Seo DISAPPOINTMENT and DIS-
COURAGEMENT in loc.
FAITH.
Conditioned-John Bunyan. ♦SO.'*?
Defenders of the f.-Henry VIII. ♦20;«
Despised-Juiian's "Science." *2a34
Fed by f.-MUUer's orphans. ^2035
Invigorated by difficulties. *20;JO
Living by f.-George MtUler. ♦•2037
Power of f.-English Puritans. ^2038
Victory by f.-Henry Vane. ♦2030
Mlaccllaneous croasreferences.
Benevolence by f.-G. Miiller. .520
" " " " " 2(B5
Business f.-Cable. 2031
Compulsory f.-Cortez-Inca. 117ft
vs. Doubt-George Fox. 1714
Encouragement of f .-Luther. 2229
Fanatical f.-Crusader's assault. 390
Fear conquered by f. 2111
in God, Helpful f. 4387
luHpiration of religion. 3921
Life of f. for temporalities. 2035
" " "-George Miiller's. 20.37
Little f. rebuked-CoIurabus. 1881
Loss of f. in mankind. 3413
vs. Penitence-Luther. 1178
Protection of f. needless. 2713
-Harmful. 2721
Qualifled Christian f. of Shelley. 847
Shi'ken in the compas;'. 2849
of Superstition- Persian. 1285
FAiTiii'MLNKss— Kami:.
84 T
BuMtiiliicd l)y f.-l,utlier t<i Aukh.
" " " In iMireavomont.
-N. K. rllKrImH.
Vli'tory by f.-BaJiizet.
" of f.-'iriive.
" " " -(.'oiivorslon.
Sec c'liKHi'r.rrv.
of PhlloBoi)ln'rM-StriiriKt!-S.
KuIIkIouh c.-l'rlDMtoruft.
of tlio Slck-IOth century.
Superstitious c.-Uoraans.
" " I'LTHlall MttKl-
ExcogH of C' Molininiiiodiiiis.
of Kanatlcs-Crumwlt-rs.
(Jold-seokers' c.-Hl(fiis.
of Hatred-HunH.
" Superstition-Mystery.
" " -Am. Indiana
" " -I'Mrst C'rusado.
-N. !•;. Colonies
" Tlmldlty-Neuro plot.
brlnjtH I.'iiboUbf-Minicle.s.
Victim of c.-Colton Matber.
.Soe CIIKEDS.
Destroyed c. brlnjc union.
Valued according to effects.
Sn. nof'TKINE.
Zeal ford.-Wm. P. of Orange.
Pee IKK'TIUXK.S.
Confusion In d.-Unlon of all.
Erratic d. of Milton.
Mixed <l.-(Jn()stlc9-('hrlstlan8.
Pervortcd-Early Cbrlstlans.
vs. Preferments- Arnilnians.
Tested by Uni-Secfarles.
Seel'UE.'^T'MI'TION.
Foolish p. -Emperor l{lenzl.
Reward of p. -Indignity.
H
!).-.r
PJ.M
lltU
lITu
*1:.'H1
♦!*(•.'
♦I'JK)
♦laHi
.Mil
l.V.'S
r>i I?
,M IS
.Mil
, .II.Ml
•I J 1 1
1,107
a089
•ir.'it
'ItOI
19;!T
l!Ki7
10.'i3
4.308
2087
♦41(.S
♦■14I1
KIdleuled by Parthlans. 17ia
by Success-Captain Lawrence. 2570
Successful p. of three men. 107t>
of Youth-Naslca. 881 1
" " -Pompey. 6210
*' '• Louis XIV. (1209
FAITHFVLNKSS.
Rewarded by the people. *2(M0
Miscellaneous erosa-rcfcrcnce.s.
Rewarded-" It Is thine own." 4879
.S('e KIDELITY.
Tested-Crown rejected. *2128
of Anlmal-Soldler's dog.
Confldonco In f.-Frederlck.
Ilumble f.-Pompey's slave.
Oath of f. to Mahomet.
" " "-Roman soldier.
Political f. ill-rewarded.
Remarkable f.-Indlans-Penn.
" -Slaves.
Rewarded with treachery,
of Slaves of Cornutus.
to Truth rewarded.
Unfailing f. -Napoleon '.s grave
Pee LOYALTY.
Esteemed-OUver Cromwell.
Unreserved-Widow Windham
Vigorous 1. of Bismarck.
Zealous L of Puritans.
3578
1247
22.53
3835
3838
2854
5700
5199
2850
5351
8040
, 2239
*,''357
,♦3358
*,3359
*3360
.MlscclluijiMiiii criiu-rervreiicuii.
I)l8(|uall(led by I. James II.
Distrusted- Itouianlst.H.
VH. I, Iborty-Ue volution.
Loving I. to Adrian.
Outward 1. rcconirnendcd.
Proof of 1. Seven.'.
Haerlfleo of I. Woman.
Siu Dl'TV itiiil oIlKDIK.NiK
h, !■„■.
FAIiNICIIOOD.
• 'oiiUrmcd In f.-( hurley I.
(iovornmental f.- Napoleon [.
(irowth of f. by carelessncHH.
.lustltled by .lesidts.
" " Samuel Johnson.
3,519
I'.) 1(1
lUiH)
v.m
.'IHIH
i;i48
Diplomacy of Kllzabeth.
by Lying spirits Swedenborg.
Pious f. of loyalty.
vs. Trulh-Samut'l Johnson.
Pee KLATTKllV.
Artful f. -Ciiptlvc Zciiobia,
False f. of Henry VIII.
I'ulsomc f. of James I.
Irritating f.-Ered. the Great.
Uesented- Alexander.
Kewarded, I'"xcc8slvo f.
•2(VJ1
•2012
*20i;t
'•-'(III
'2045
I.V.Itl
5311
13IH
Deception by f.-Hochc.strr.
Develops servltuili'- Romans.
Ktnbarrassment liy f.-( lesar.
for Kavor-Voltalre.
Fulsome f. of Chiis. I. by Elm
of Royalty-Charles I. by EIik
Wealth by f. Legacies,
of Woman's beauty-EUzabetl
Pee LIAK.
Proverbial 1. Dick Talbot.
Pee LIIiKI..
Trials for 1. -William Uoii-
Anonymous 1. -Milton.
False accusation of 1.
Indifferent to 1. -Frederick II.
Press prosecuted for 1.
I. II ti i(
Pee PERJURY.
Punishment of p., Judicial.
Punished with death
Shameful p.-" Dick " Talbot.
See SLANHEK.
Defence from s.- Napoleon I.
from Envy-John Dunyan.
Fine for s.-8.500,O0O.
Opposition by s. J. Wesley.
Persecutor's s -Constantino,
of Piety-nichard Baxter's.
Punished by James I.
Uowarded-DIck Talbot.
Victim of s. -Columbus.
♦2U.2
'*21.Vi
*21.Vl
♦21.')5
•2l.5e
♦2 1, '.7
1471
305
2(;57
2825
■h. fiO
h. CO
n'lri
1. 2(J81
•.'i202
*320.'!
11 05
■",049
52!W
4i;!C
4438
♦4112
,5210
00,32
•►BUO
♦5171
'*5172
*5173
*5iri
*5I75
♦5170
*5177
*5178
vxnti.
Belateii J. q .\>Uims. *2iM('>
by Conipeiliioii \V Ml. Parry. •jo-iT
Costly .Sir \v. S.dtl. ♦-.'(MS
by Discovery .\. W. passage. *2(>49
DI.Htani Lincoln Italy. •2o."i()
linposloi's TliusOates. 'JOM
by In'-iiny \s><asslM of Nap. '20.".2
Locality fni- .Niipnleoll In i: ••.'O.vi
Perverted Memory ot C. ♦JO.M
l'oMthllini)U.s-Coluiiiliii-i. •2055
L'lganled " What will h siiyr'*jO.Ml
suddfti f. of Kyroii. '2(57
" 111 rrier's St. Iloii.\. *2(C.H
Trials of f. W . .--eiiit. *20;.!)
liulesin 1 Lnip .\l;i\liiiu-<. *-^n}
1
! MIm'i'II.UH "lit !■(,),+> rrf.TI'Tlcci.
i .\iiilillliin for f, Thetnlstoile.^, IM'.i
I AtnbidiPiis for f.-TriiJiili. 2.'ii;7
Cntitliigeneles of f. Mules. .'1322
Coiitraillellon (iniitvs, M. 2185
Delayed .Milloti'.s f. •j:W5
Desired next to power. 195
Dliiilnullon of f. L'l7i;
Dirnliil.sliiiig Thirty antlfors. a:iol
Iiicreiishig p(isilniiMi)iis Itiiriis. 2181
Llti^ature neeessury to f. ,31111
j Merited Frederick II. 5808
I Misappropriated elms. Lee. 4789
[ Monuments of Pyrainld. 2305
[ Neglect followed by f. 3270
Omission of f, T. Croinwell. 'J.'JSO
I'asslon for f.-Tliemlstocles. 180
" " " Fred, the (Jreat. '208
without Popularity U. (lay. 1.310
Toll for f Virgil. 3311
rnd(!stral)le f. Shame. 0003
Wide extended f. of Wa"!). 3081
Se.' (UtEAT MEN.
Courting g. m. ♦.■!51!/
Periods of g. in. *;i'j80
Providential. •3681
*XtH-J
Abusive s. of Nap. by Britons. 24
of Americans by Sam. Johnson. 814
Inconsistency of s.-Nap. I. by E. 24
Shameful s. of woman. 6031
Victim of s.-Cromwell-" King. "3893
-Bolivar. 4044
See DECEPTION in loc.
coincldence-Roniulus and T. 007
Dishonored! ■oinmlms. 1018
Ad. Hlakc. 10.57
Example of g.m. -Conversation. 1170
( )vcrpral.sed-Pomi)cy. 1370
Weakness of g.m. D'niosth'n's.. 50.59
Se.' HONORS.
Burdcnsoin(!-( irant-.Mfonso. *'J02I
( 'ompulsory Saturidniis. *2(;22
Demanded by Cromwell. •2023
Ml-erable-Aged Titus. *2634
Premature h. of H<ilivar. *2(!'J5
ResiL'iied Emp. Diocletian. *2020
-Charles V. •'2027
Unexpected -Sailie Tliompson.'*202H
ITnnieriteil Emp. Carlnus. *2U'2'(
Won by Jlerit-" Win ills s." *203O
from Abroad-Lombanls. 9045
Bestowed on animals, E. 2172
" " goose. 5151
Bardensome-Liiuujin. 847
for Criminals-Scots. 1.300
Dangerous-Violent death. 14.54
Declined-C'rown-(Jromwell-W. 1322
" " -Cajsar. 1323
Dlvltit! to DdiiicirtiM. ijl.ir
DiidiiiiKoi'tiil by h. Croinwull. .'inti
.'iro
I'.iivli'd-Dfiiio^llii'iii's I I'.'O
lIxi'tiiiiiKccl, rilt vs. l'h:ttlium. Mn
I'op Kiilllifiilm^si til truth. jiMO
I'uiu'nil Cii'iiirii. y,'.',i
Ku'VptlatlH. y-J.VJ
Miicdlir.H. W.Vt
III |iro|)i>rtl(iii('(l Martul. yiH7
l.Hi^niry (IcKrci's uiuluRorvud. fiO.'JS
Lost by (loltiy-Siiiirtuni). M\7
for iMiirlt I'oniimiloii. iH-jn
Mlniipplled-I'iiciihonliis. r>()!)t
iMls|)laocd Olympic KrtiiieH ••iHO
-Knipcror Cliiudliis. .'iMrii
Music; lu'illRS f.-Uiz/.ln, 3r.")l
Oppoiluidly (if Uliick I'rlnce. ITO
llocclvcd i-<'luotantly-I'ertluax'(i.l(l5
UoMtorcd to Cloero. It.'iH
Sale of li. luviMlcd. m-M
StOf Impost'd Napoleou. VVM
SelfialinesH In scckliiK. M7H
Surrender for vlrluo. OHO
of Triumph MiiK'Htloent. rjri!)
'I'roubhisoine-Uolden crown. l.'Jx!!)
I'lmpprcclated ( romwoU's. Wiri"
Uudeservcd-A farmer. 3177
Uiienjoyed-Mllton'!'. 3.)10
rnsatlsfactory h. HlKh offlce. IH3
Vexatious h. -Napoleon. 7r)l
Vh^l lusly bestowed <.n Nero. 43U5
Wearl.some-Crotnweirfi. aiTO
Withdrawn-Cromwell's. 48.51
WIthheld-John Cabot. 091
See DI.^TINCTIO.V in loc.
F\]TIIL.I4HITY.
Ill tnanncred-Jame.s IIokk. *;^0<il
Mistake of f. -Uu Chatelard. »'iWi
Sw 1'K:,!,()\VSII1I" in loc.
FA ?I I LIES.
Old AmerUun f. .\dams. *i,'063
FAITIILV.
Benefits of the f.-M. Luther. *20fi4
Deteriorated-Rome. *S0C5
Discord-Charles IV. of Spain. ♦80()(i
Interest-Theodorle. *a()07
Kinship lines-Indians. *S0C8
I'restlge of Irish f.-Cellic-Nor.*20«9
Keliition in the f. -Malioniet. ♦8070
I{e-ponsibillty to f . 1 1 reasons. *207I
Sanguinary f., Ca'sar's. *307'J
Sorrowful f.-Dr. K. Taylor's. ♦8073
Sul)stitutlon in f. Am.lndlans.^8074
Sufferings-House of theC»8'rs.^8075
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Affectionate f.-Charlemagne. 4070
Ambition for tlie future of the f.aoc
Artiadal f.-English Guilds. 381
Authority in f.-Absol'te-Um'ns 407
Contentions in Milton's f. 3732
Degraded in poverty. 1510
by corruption. 1702
Deserted for coffeeliouse. S.")94
Desire for a f.-Wicked vow. 7!).')
Discipline in f., Severe-Old K. 3800
Disgraceful f.-Charles VI. 5125
Diversity of character in f. 227
Economy in rearing f. 926
fa.mii.iaimtv-famim:.
KnoouraKument for large r. S. 110
Knmny of the f, .Vlir.'
Kx'lnctlouof Ca^arV f, .1178
•''at'llons 111 f., |''oi;y of. 'JOIO
l''ame of f. uiidangered by ad'ltry , 01
luiiMtsnsu r. lO.oiM) Ulcliiird II. 20(iU
Importance of 1. to charai'ltr. Ill
Mlterablc f. Sliuirl.s. I'.t.M
Need of a f , "Coiil liuiatlon of h."H<«)
I'lDtectud .Vtitldlvorce. irD.t
I'rotectl in of f., first Charlu.f I. 822
HIiamelesH f. <if adultereis. 0.5
MubHtltulcf) for I he dead-Indians, .'n
Trained In lndu.'<try. 3101
TreaHures by legacy, Old Eng. 28fiH
Inhappy Discordant King. 3.'lMy
f. of Fred. Win. I, .'.711
I'liprogrecslve I'lirkes.s. 4 1'.tl
Nice destroys the f. IM;.')
" ruins peace of f. 0(K)8
S(... ANCKHTdKS.
Brutality of u. overlooked. I'MI
Ofl'eiKiesof a. punished lnch'd'n.0!7.'>
ll"gttrd for a. Uiisslans. 1121
Scf ANCK.STUY.
Humble a. of poet Horace. ♦225
Ineffective a. Prince Itiipert. ♦220
Unlike a. -Orleans prince.-.. ♦227
Barbarous a. of Europeans. 2719
Base a. -Witches and demons. 1528
Character from a.-C^. Ell/,at)eth. 703
" " " -Americans. 771
Depraved a., Nero's. l.Vi2
" a. confessed. 80ti0
Disreputable a. -John XII. 4.i(ri
Dlvlno-Spurlous-Silenus, 2.380
Genius by a.-John Milton. 2298
Happiness affected by a. 350o
Humble a.- N. R. Gabrinl. rm
"Diocletian. .595
Nobility of a. despised-Nap. 3.592
I'rido Id honest a.-Napoleon. 3592
Savage a. of Europeans. 2719
Selected a.-I'ilgrim Fathers. 3173
I'nfortunate a.-Charle8 I. .'1028
See BROTH EH.
Bloody b.-Caracalla. 1123
Rejected for cowardice. 1273
Tyranny of Franklin's elder b. 23;!1
(;:;s
Sec IlEUEDITY.
of Disposition-Frederick 11. ♦2.551
Failure of h. -Howard's father.^25.52
of Character-Cliarles I. 3028
Contradloted-Orleans princes. 227
of Crime-Casar's family. 2072
Cruelty by h.-Nero. 1347
2072
of Disposition-Frederick II. 2551
" " -Meianclioly. 3580
-Nero. 5200
Failure of h.-Cromweil's son. .59.57
of Genius-Watts. 2315
" -Blaise Pascal. 8384
in Government-Monarchy. 2451
" " -Female line-I. 24,58
Incompetence by h.-tJoldsmlth. 4.348
in Mechanics East Indian. 35.37
of Profession in Egypt. 448G
" Sliamelessness-Ferdinand. 200G
.w IIM.ME.
IlcautlfieJ-Walter Hcotf,. *i;,:y}
('(iiiimon Hdtnan li docrlbod. ♦2.591
Deserted -Londoner's li. ♦2591
raUtlal h. Human. ♦2.5il5
.sliadiMl I'urltan's h. ♦2.590
Tlioughlfiil cif h. .\. Lincoln, ♦2.597
lUoody li. -I'alaooof the Cassars. 21)72
u C.istle, Poor man's h. 3112
Courtesy at h. Ancienti". 4H0;i
Desolated liy death J. Watt. .502
LxpelltMl from li. for platy. 1003
Inferior to English Inn 2870
Invention tji'iiefits h. dishes. 29;.l
Mistaken Oliver Goldsmith. i'M
ProtecttMl, Poor woman's. .30.57
Itcllgious training at h. W. IHIJ
" h.-Purltau-Croniwell .39!'.)
Remembrance of li. -Gen. Fniser.ls2
Ruined by war-Nlcetas' h. 2211
vs. the State Josephine's d. KS
Transformed (Jarlbaldi's li. 40 1, •
Wasted by death -Sir W. Scott. I'.iu
K.'U IKI.MEH.
BanUliment from h.-.\readlans. IH
Building of h. -Plymouth. .504
Destitute h.-Engllsh laborers. 3123
Destitution of h.-Old England. 28.58
Discord in palatial li. 1020
Filthy h. of IrLsh poor. 1510, 1511
Humble h.-Tartars. 3978
of the Poor degraded-England. 4293
Unattractive h.-Spartan. 1754
See HOME LIFE,
of Savages-Am. Indians. ♦2.599
.'^ce KI.MIUEI).
Confidence of k. withheld. 0201
Sec KlNSIIIl'.
Lines of k. reversed -Indians. 2O0S
See KINSMAN,
olillgatlon of k. -Kindness of M. 918
See MATRICIDE.
Infamous m. by Nero.
See I'ARRICIOE.
Crime of p. " impossible."
Punishment of p.
3743
1110
♦11)00
♦4007
by Boys ten years old. 129,'">
Sue SISTER.
Comforting s., John Bunyan's.*5107
See CHILDREN and I'ARENTS
ill loc.
FAiniNE.
Brutalized by f.-Athenlans.
Cannibals in f. -France.
Depopulated by f. -Bengal.
Di-itress of f.-Rome, a.d. 546
Re>ource in f.Horses-Moscow.^'2080
Trials of f.-Plymouth Colony. ♦8081
by War-Canada, a.d. 1758. ♦2088
♦8076
♦8077
♦207.8
♦8079
Miscellaneous cros.s-referencos.
Brutality in f.-Athtnians. 2076
Death by f .-80,000 Moslems robbed. 1
Depopulated by f. -Italy. 5S88
Endurance iu f.-Sixty days. 15
Extortion during f.-Mass. 2002
Life destroyed by f.-One-third. 2078
by JIon'^polists-Roman. 3090
i^
8ulidu«(l bjr r. (alalH.
40.J9
by Wiir sieK»f "f Roi i.
5(Hlt
" " -Euiflaiul.
M'M.')
NVlnUT of f. Vlritlnla Colony.
•^M').')
Hec ItrNdKli.
lii8u(iitl)lo h. of K<>ld senkera.
•atlT'.l
AddieHd to h. (Iimoult.
soil
HeHiieriitlon of li. ('aniilbnls.
IIMl
rtiisliliitf I'poni li. 81eK«-
l.'n*-,'
I'lvsHiire of li. Sailors.
IHIIM
Silt 1,1 uKated by h. -Pride.
4I.M^
s.'c STAKVATION.
Depopulated by h. Italy.
♦.')*«
Coii'radlcted-Fut.
FANATIC.
Itiianc f.-l'iirltan MuttKleton.
PANATK'IMin.
li.iiiKers of f. -Reformation.
Idolatrous f.-Kmp. Antoninus.
IntUined by f.-Joan of Arc.
Miracles, Test by.
KolU'iiius f. ^ Hef. " propliets."
" (iunpowder plot.
" -Peter the Hermit.
" -Fifth Monarcliy.
" Prots. In Scotland.
Scandalous f. -Quakers.
Visions of f. -Crusaders.
♦aoH5
♦aoH7
♦aOH!)
*ao<Ki
♦aoiti
♦aoiw
♦•JOOI
♦soy,-)
Misccl lull court croHH-rcfiTeiices.
.V-^sa.xslnator's f. -Henry III. of F.304
llloixly massacre by f. -Florida. S.W
< ourage of f.-C'rusaders. 390
curse of f. on Luther. 600
(ireatness by so-called f. 2578
Popular f -Monkery. ;W83
i^uletlsts In Asia-Monks. 357
Ueaction of f.-Rom. Catholics. 3538
SaKaclous f.-John Wlldman. 4821
Shameful f. of Quakers. 3.502
Trances of nun of Kent. 5079
FANATICS.
MlsccUanoous cross-referonces.
Devotion of f.-War.
Environment and f.
Kinf; of f.-Jack of Leyden.
Obedience of f.-Monks.
Power of f.-James Otis.
Reformation by f.-Muncer
Rule of f.-" Barebones P."
Suicide of f.-Donatlst.
See ENTHUSIASM ami SUPEK
STITION ill loc.
FAROE.
Cros«-rcfi'ri!ncL'.
Victim of pirates' f.
See DRAMA in loc.
3H43
3602
.3078
;W47
3377
,5834
3188
3506
1144
FAREWEIili.
to Country-Nap. I. to France. *S096
Final f. desired-James II. *20«7
Last f., Dying Christian's. '►2098
Touching f. -Washington's. *2099
KANATK -KAl I/IS.
FAII.nEIt.
Unsuccessful f. Ihuuc Nowton.*'.'li)()
" K. IJurke. •2101
CliosHU occupation (iritnt. .5mm()
Kxtunstve f. -Oatacu/.eiio. .V.id'.i
Famous f.-IIorucf. l.".'l
Occupation chaiiifcd Cromwell. •J:i'.'7
Hon of a f.-Wathinxfoii. UO.M
s.o Auiucn.TiiiK /»;..•.
FASHION.
Depreciated by f., H<Mei, cc.
Dlsruitarded HenJ. Franklin.
Struggle for French f.
MiwCfUttiH'OUrt cToia rcfcri'rici'rt.
Absurdity of popular f.
DUoomfort in f.
In Pleasure -Watering place.
Power of f. Tobacco James 1.
Unrestrained by law.
Sic (.'I'STOM I'll lor.
F.I ST.
Rellglous-Early .Mothodist.
•2I0-.*
•■.'KKl
•2 101
119
21H4
420.5
.51)3 1
17.14
*21U5
Miscellaneous cross-reference.
Sad f. of Josephine and Nap.
See DEPARTURE in loc.
104
MhocIIiuicous crosit-n'rercnccs.
ChrLstmas changed to a f. P.
Health by f.-Napoleon,
Preparation by f. -Knighthood.
Vision of Ood by f.-Am. Ind.
Voice of Ood by f . Joan.
FASTS.
C'roHsrcrcrciicc.
Religious f . of Abysslnlans.
See ABSTINENC;E in loc.
8.51
3.5,52
.'KIKti
2;jM:i
2:!8l
832
Belief in f.
FATE.
-Mohammedans.
•21II6
Miscellaneous crosa-refereiice.s.
BeI.ef in f.-Napoleon I 1.547
" " "Wm. P. of Orange. 36.33
See DESTINY.
Unavoldable-Nanoleon I. *1,V17
Belief in fixed d.-Scandlnavian.s. 4405
Depending on one national d. .58.57
Impending d. -Nelson. 48;j0
Providence In national d. .5883
Sign of d. -Mahomet. .5132
Turning-point of d. -Mankind. 1.501
See I'KEDE.STlXATION.
Belief in p.-Wm. P. of Orange. ♦1404
" '■ "-Scandinavians. ♦4105
Extreme view of p
Timely p. before birth.
FATHER.
Confiding f.-John Milton's.
4.384
1845
♦2107
MlsccUiinoous croM-referonces.
Assistance declined wisely. 2630
Blessed in daughter-Cromwell. 1200
Brutal f.-Fulk the Black. 106
Deserted by his f.-IIenry II. '28,53
Disappointed In son W. Pcnn's 4745
Disobedience to f.-Pious. 1663
Dying father's blessing. 1219
God a Heavenly f. 14,53
" the F. of men-Alexander. 2371
84;j
(irl-f of f, R.iwlund Tii>lor 3lo:|
Ilutfd \ V nilMguvcrned children ^1.5
Hearlbroken f, Henry 11. 4iH>5
IB'M
Help (if f. rcfiiHcd. '.,60
lluitiaiiH f Mr Dmtin and Ind«.ll7
,lu«llccvs Affection. 'MW-i
Life of r.. Petition for Cha.<i. I. tir,2
Loss of a f, recoin'ionsu of II D, Stl
Mall«nant f. Uii<l. William. .<i;Ml
.\llsg(]Vcrnment of son llowai'd. Ill
■|iH)6
I'.-.r.
•,-324
3711
1361
4613
1777
1662
1064
6214
131H
Murder of f. by Oslliis.
Miinlcrcr of son Callllno.
I'rlilo of f. in son Pascal.
Piinlslied for crinic nf s.m.
Remorse of cruel f. cjntalr
SaerKlccs of f. fur son.
Self sacrlllcln),' Poverty,
sin against f. ixplaled.
vs. Sun in battle-Wllllam I
Trials of f. by son.
cruelty.
Unhappy f. of quarrelling sons. 2.')9
Sre I'AKK.NT I-. (./.■.
FATHERHOOD.
KxpiU'lcl if f. Accsllaus.
Suppri'ssed-H. Rebellion.
FATHER-IN-LAW.
.Mi.-irclluiii-ou?' crtm.s-rcfcrcni-i'H.
Disregarded, cause for divorce
Hasty f. Hugh, f. of Alberlc.
FATIUUE.
1 'rns.s-rcfcreiicc.
In.senslble to f.-Mary Stuart.
See WEAUI.SKSS.
of Pleasure seeking-Chas II.
FAi;i,TS.
MKcclliiiiciiurt crossrifcrencen.
of Friends 8<'en (jidckly.
Kindness conceals f.-IIervey.
Overlooked in Burnet.
" friends.
See ACCUSATION,
by Deceptlon-Maximus Fablus.
Malicious a.-C. Wesley-V.
" Alexander,
a Pretext-Plundering the Jews
" for violence R. III.
See I'.I.AME.
.\3suraed-Kpani'iioiidas.
" -tienerously-Lec.
DIsowned-chureh vs. King.
Endurance of b. -Washington.
See lU.OT.
Shameful b., William Penn's.
of the TImes-Ciesars.
See CENSUli.
Official c. -Roman.
Sec CENSURE.
Resented-Dlonysius.
I'nmoved by c. -Jackson.
♦2108
♦2109
2642
.507
61IH)
4206
3231
2465
2798
22;w
701
702
1048
710
242
28.55
;«80
3617
8.)42
♦607
♦60S
♦746
♦747
♦748
♦749
Changed to pral.se-Tliebans. 28.55
( )f the Dead refused -Bolingbr'ke.777
vs. Insult-Lincoln. 534
Inmerited c.-Mary P. of O. 988
See COMPLAINTS.
Characteristic c.-Palmerston. 1311
Croaker's c.-Bad times. 1315
ItlHrrttiirili'il UciiiiitiiH. ,')|IM
(II-Ii!I|||ii'|'im| I'. .luhlJNiiri. i:,U.'l
IncoiiMldt'nile <;. rtirlclfiM. IMIU
IVrlloiiH I!, of i,a|it!v)tii iiidiaiiit. :,n:,
ritrinlMNliiii of <•. <li!iilt'(l, i\m\
CnuIuhn I-. HKuliiMl IiIh molliur-A.lt'i
N..('UITIC.
atctiiircli (I. s. (icniiulii. •i.'Wi
S.i'lltOAKINO.
of DcKCMiTJicy KriK I'lirltiinn. ♦l.'ll.'i
Hitbll. of >'. iilioiit tlio witathur.^tilKI
Sro KKKKCTS.
('ov<Ti'(l, I'tirNoriiil I'l'rloltix. ♦1I»T
Koruotteri, Drroriiilty of fikoi). ]r*)(i
Smislilvi' to (I. f,|(>|
Hi'i' rUSSl MISTS.
Kn-or (if |>, KvIIm uri) old. i',>o
Niktiolilil p. KiiuIIhIi liiiiikril|)t(:y.|5t
Si'|. KKI'KI.MAMi.
KlitlUoiiN I-. I.iiiuytdlo.
of Kiridiu^Ms .Jolinsoii.
S.v UKI'Uiior.
MenknosH In r. Dr. Taylor.
rnd«'sorvrd-I)r. Arnold.
Uudlsturbod by r. (;. WiimIi
l«'ul,li by r. Tftzi'l'M.
Denlrt'il (iood Kinii. iliillan.
.SiiKuoloiH r. Wife's.
Sc.' KlUlnU ni /,„•.
KA%'OK.
Mlaoclliinciiiis l■r■'l^^.r(■^l•l•l■nc^■!^.
Flattery for f. ",i)ltulri).
InKunloUH request of f.
HeJcoIi-d-UcspotiHlblllty.
Seduutlvo f.-dolden roHO.
FAVOIII'riNItl.
ScandaloiiH f. of chas. II.
•ITM
♦irrr.
•ivrii
•irmi
♦ITHI
IHHH
■I8HI
IIKM
l*H
^Ifll
•yiio
.MlHcellaiicous crusurefurcncen.
Offluo by f. BucklnKbam. 3871
Hoyal f.-U(H). Vllllcrs-Jamus I. iDi
SucccHs by f.-C'harloH II. 44H~
Sec I'AKTIALITV.
Application of law. 8111!
Kvlniied by •Jaiuun II. 4009
to Friends, Judge'H p. ."JOfiO
of I'ubllo opInlon-SaekvUlc. mi8
In I'utdHliment lionians, l.'ir^
ItollKlousp.-Uoyal proHolyto-C. aS9
Hesented Speaker Polk's p. f.W
Killer's p. for friends. 3070
FAVOHS.
Mlscfillain'oiii crDHs-rcferonccfl.
Independent of f.-DloKenes. 3415
Uejeeted -Tyrants Sylla. SHv^O
Solicited, To be Alexander. 479(1
Transient elTeet of f.-Anne. lO.io
Sep I'ATUON.
Abandoned shamefully. .14M,')
Uepeiidonce on p. loo-i
Helpful to yoiin« Luther. ISii
Noble p.-Isabella-('olumbu.s. 4l8a
Src I'ATIUINAdE.
Age of p.-AiiKloSuson. *4080
Division of i).-.Iarae.s II. *4081
Governmental p. -Am. Col's. *408a
III timed p. of Chesterfield. ♦4083
Immense p.-U. H. Centennial. *4084
Partiality In p -James II. *4085
Proselytes by .uolllicul p. 3388
FAVOU-KKAU.
FKAia.
Conquered by fullli.
ContuulouH f. Itonian itrmy.
and Courutte \ ernlon of,
(lovnrnineni by f, FnitlUh.
" " " Mehool.
overeomu .loan of Are
I'anle of f. I'lenar Kubieon.
of Ketrlbutlori roljilelunii.
shamiileMii t. Diiki' of M.
stranger Ik f. (liiTokuo Ind.
Ml^ri'lliiiiiM.iin eriuM ri I'lrriji < ■*
Alllanee of f.
Appeal to f. Coluinbuu.
of .\HNaHMlim crornweH'M
<'oiHpleuou^t by f llonorlUH.
Coiinter«ele(l by f.
of Darkness London.
" Death, Oppressive.
Death without f. Seaffold.
DIsc'arded amid perils.
l''alth eonquers f.
of tJhosis In HIani.
" Ood, ralnful f. Cromwell.
" Ooodness Henry Ml.
Oovernment by f.-Army.
" " "-Despotisms.
" " " ('roinwell'R.
11,'Moranee begets f.
from iKnoranee-" He .Neifroes.
of Insanity Samuel .lohnson.
" I.lKhlnlnx Wash's mother.
Natural to all men.
Panic of f. Knifllsh nation.
HellKlon of f. Druids.
" s(linulate> by f.
Iteverentlal f. of Mohammedan
Superior to f.-Wllllam III.
Suppression of f. necessary.
Sfo AbAKM.
Needless-Pertlnax made Kmp.
HellKlous a. of I.uther.
•■i\
■ii
•«l
••Jl
•■.'I
••Jl
•vll
%'l
•HI
I.M'.'
Ml,->
mi
iwir
6707
i.'iin
M'^'l
II.MI
.I'llu'
lld'J
■,'! 1 1
ISII
!J397
ItllO
•,'4,V,
.M,-i9
■' fl.-,4
8880
;i;*x)
tfHaS
3982
OIU'.'
41l.')8
s.HVC
,')082
r>7l.'i
♦h!.')
♦lt(«
of Consctonce-llenJ. Abbott. II09
Messenger of a. -Paul Kevere. .')H8|
Nations In a. of Napoleon. Ili)9
(Quieted by Scripture. 1087
l{ellBloiipromotedbya.-Lulher..')8<iI
Superstitious a. -Europeans. M39
Unexpected -Ilome-Oeese. 10(11
by VIslon-Brutus. r*mi
Si'C DANOKK.
(Jontempt for d.-Wm. the lied.*i:wo
Needless-Nelson's medals. *i;)!il
ITncoiisclousness of d.-Chas I. •l.'i'.l'i
.\voided-Shame of General. ia(i9
Courtln;; d. -Napoleon. 047
Cro.ss protects from d.Lab'r'm. 1318
Defiautof d -Wm. II.-Khifrs, etc.019
DlfTejfardeil in amusement. 3.W0
ICnthusiasm amid d. l'J17
Fear of d. overcome by love. ll.*!
Indifferent to d. -Wellington. 30.J0
Insensibility to d. CharUs XII. 1S40
Magnified by fear- Army. 2112
Needless exposure to d. 5082
Overcome by union. 1874
Patriotism aroused by d.-Bni;. 4060
I'rotuutlon (roni (I. ( olunilMi^.
I'rovldeneo protei^tN \\aiih.
I'lideterred by d, I.uther to W
iiintlmldaled by d. Hocratos
I nity, llrliitfi NeotM.
Wanilnifof il. Kleharr! I.
S,r jlKVAIll
of the Defi'aird .\ni, llev.
Iieler(nlniitloM of d -.\urellan.
Ap|>»Hl of d. ii'.|ected.
Conlldi'iice siiccnedH d -( ul,
< nuraite of il (lladlatorM
Spiritual <l Seeker.
Suicide In d.
" of perNecutH<l .)c\v^
auuKcsted In d.
Weakness of d. Chinese.
S,r |iKSI'ii,\l»KNr'V
by Dinicullli's rt<llev(!d.
Sid KItlilll'l'.
Death by f. Child In court.
,s,M> I.N riMIDATIuN.
Successful I. by (apt. J. Smith.'
Art of I. in war.
Attempted '. of clergy .1. II
< niisent by I. Caracalla
Cry for I." Uebcl yell."
by Dead man Napoleon.
" " Nourediiln.
Klectlon by 1. of Charhs XII.
I' • Fxainpli- of ( 'H'sar Aug.
Failure of I. Prhuie of Wales.
-Mortifying.
of Government by Cromwell,
by Imaginary angels.
Message of I. Attlla to Uomans
by Punlshment'Kebels.
Keactlon of 1. -.lames II.
Kemembrance of I. -Turks
of Uuler Tory Gov. of N. V
Su(!cess by l-Capt. Wadsworth
" " (Jeneral Jaukson.
by Violence Bismarck.
ScL'TEUKOK.
VS. Happiness-Damocles. •
Reign of t. -France. *■
I8U
7(H)
ftlHT
'l.MI
'l.VW
',•015
ij'tt
itus
II3H
wet
.'.183
1110
.'1840
80;)
■811(11
1U83
877
11.'.')
781>
'.>8,')9
'.'810
M
;i.Hiii
l-,'37
:).M8
110
175
38 1
1(130
.115
;i770
4077
3U,'.0
3773
:!.'1,')1)
5.578
.W73
of Assassins-Emp. Augustus.
3891
" Conscienee-Constans.
1108
-HenJ. Abbott.
1109
" " -Nero.
1110
-Theodorlc.
1115
by Earthquake London
;087
Government by t. Henry VIll
I. 'its
Needless t. of siipcrstitioii
3908
by Storm -London.
r.:!45
S,,. TIMIDITV.
In Governmont-Constantine.
♦5081
In Husiness-.Jaines Watt. 089
Childish t.-Persecutod-Cowper. 797
Embarrassed by t.-M'Kendree. iiltiii
Excuse of t.-Blackraall. -iom
Indecision of t.-Conspiratora. '-'778
lu Literature-Cowper. 1'307
Loss by t.-Justlnlanl. Vi:^8
Overcome by t. at first. •.ii'-'4
" " earnestness. 8894
Rebuked by example. l'.24.3
kkaiu.kmmnkss-kinancks.
84.-)
liepniTed Damotthnnnii. lAMi
'I'yraat'H t. DliniyHliiN. Ml I
M« <'))\VAUI)I('|f:, KKAIlh 41x1
Nri'KK.STiriON inlor.
FKAKI.KNNNKNN.
^NloiinilliiK f <'( llioimiiM. *'iVi\
floyUh f. .if Ilen(!<ll(!t AriioUl. ••,Mv,",'
<'r<iMrcfiT»iir»
OIUcIhI r. (>r I'r(>Nl(l«iit .lai'kNon.
S.'i (iilKVUh: iM (■" .
riu
I'KAHM.
ImuKinary l Dunlin lii itiu riiur.*«'lv!a
Mlncclluiu'iiin iTOiiiirif'TL'iici'i.
Dl^diiliiud AHBiMilimtlo'i. I IU)i
KfTt'iiiliiiilu r. I>'.\r(i<'nH. ■i-iVi
OroiindlttHH r. Coal ndiifi. 1 i:il
iKiiorniii'u produooH f. ('(impanM ','Mlti
Ni'L'dlens f, Suez C'aiuil Drown yM:)
" " -Columbus' oppo's. viTl','
" " luveiitloii Sow. m. '•^i'OO
S,'.. Ft A II (II (or.
VKHTILITV.
»'rni««.r*?fi'roin#.
Coininenilii.4 " .Muny cnkbi."
Sen A<micn,irnK(.i /.,.■
PICNTIV.\I..
Coronittloii r cif KdwiU'cl I.
H., KKAHT ill I.I.'.
FKKLKNKNN.
)lltci<lllllii>i)i|i <ln..<.. rt fi't'i'lirrr
of Affuutlun ( 'ouiitt'Hs or ( '.
' " " -Oavld CTockill
' cbaruuterUtlu r. t^uuuii < .
Lover'H f. Kobort lluriis.
j M™ VAI'|I,I,AIII)N
PIC.VNT.
Intelloctual f. of .Miihomet.
M Inci'llunooiiii uniHit' rttercneiit.
Ale-f«uHtof old KiiKland.
Itiinquut of duath.
" " " -Indians.
Deception In diMpluy.
DrunkunncMS uwuai.
ExtriivaKant. f. Uoman.
of FooIh and a»8e»-(".-I.-F.
Ilrmlllatlun al a f Uoldsmith.
Painful thouKhtii '•< a f.
WeddliiK f. Ora^ t .ins of T.
See UaNQI'I'.T.
Extravagant b.-f'iMirt of K.
.•!•,' I
irio
I4(M
1 !«
37ftM
3371
yofli
9(MB
711
♦l,'>3
106
Prevented by death-Mrs. J.
Si'c (lAKOUHAh.
Fatal to Alexander the (ireat. :.*031
Sej FEHTIVAI,.
Coronation f. of Edwar.' I. *2187
Set; EATI.Nd lU loo.
Extortionate f. of Jallors-P.
Slo WAOKS in tuc.
•ai25
FKEIilNGS.
Cro8i-refLTMiee.
Suppressed for duty. ailO
See INSENSIBILITY.
Professional l.-Suigery. 193
to SufTerlng of others. 207U
Seo OBDURACY.
Criminal o.-Earl of Ferrer.s. AVI!)
Immovable o. of James II. 2530
See CUUELTY, E.MOTIONS and
PASSIONS in toe.
FELLOWSHIP.
Cross-references.
in Misfortune-Napoleon I. 3630
" SufferhiK-Napoleon I. .')707
S«e ASSOCIATION and FUIEND
Id (oo.
See FEMALES.
Imitation of f. -Theseus. ♦2126
See WOMAN in loc.
xm
*vr
100
.'M8N
.'IDWH
3.'1.M
7r.u
-I'ocahuntus.
Illble misused In a.
Sec NOVKI.S.
Contempt for II. Napolt'on I,
UuudlUK n.-Kx(!lttMui-iit.
FIDKLITY.
Tested Crown rejected.
Mlscellmumus crossroforoiu'i'^.
of \nlmal Soldier's dog.
Confidence In f. Frederick.
Ilumb'e f.-Pomp<>y's slave.
Oath of f. to Mahomet.
" " " -Itoman soldier.
Political f. ill rewarded.
Remarkable -Slaves.
Uewarded with treachery,
of Slaves of Cornutus.
to Truth rewarded.
Unfailing f.-Napoleon'9(fruve.
See FAITHFULNESS.
Rewarded by the people. *
Discouraged by government.
Rewarded-" It is thine own."
See INTEOIUTY.
Recognized-Samuel Adums.
Reputation for i.-AristUloa.
" "-Cato.
" "-Lincoln.
See LOYALTY ,» /or.
FIGHTING.
In Death-Persians. ♦t.'l'.'O
Desperate f.-Threo out of C00.*ai30
and Praying- Admiral Blake, *'HZl
Miscellaneous cross references.
Boys f. at sohool-I. Newton. 179
Ineffective f. at " Island N().10."483
See CONFLICT.
Bootless c. Bunker IIIL. ♦1060
Land of c.-Kentncky. *1061
Rule of c.-Wm. P. oX Orange. •1062
S.'ir «iHfaltlllltK'. SpolU 'HHLI
liinaturul c \Vm. I tint N. •lo«»
Lnpr,,<ated for c -Uruckn. ♦lOM
FICTION.
MlHeetluneniii t rii-*-» ret'erenre".
Ki'climlastlcal f. Illshop. toil
Historical f. Ancient llrl'ons. ^.^,'3
ar>7»
.V«I7
«i7r>
&7-£i
" " I. Newton,
vs. Truth-IumtH II
See ALLKOOItisr.
Best a. Ilunyan. 'ion
Sen ALLEiioIlY.
Animals representing religion." '.'31
.JIIH
•:wa(l
•2K'8
S.'iTH
1217
.■W;i'i
.'W.'W
2H.M
519!)
aR.-.()
5;t,M
•JOIl)
asi.'io
ao'.o
IfiO.')
4H79
(iri!
4788
■1793
■iru2
Inglorious V. Commoilus.
HniiHiiiMntuI c Karlh iiiid sea.
Sliiiin <' llitltli' <.r tiretiiievllle.
the Spiritual VN .\iilinal Man.
L'u«)|Ual c. Pl/arro Assassins.
" |)ersonal c.
.See CONIKST uiul WAR
M, /„.■.
IM1I3
1)70
1)11
tUlN)
ICtlH
FILTH.
and Dlseasii Kimliiinl. *4I .'3
K<|Uttllly In f.-Danlel tVebster.*2l'l3
.MNri'lliiiii'ijim I icptm refirenceii.
Heard, I'lipulouH .liillau. 2.V)1
(iarliagu or Park. 3N1M
Ihimes of I' Kn^;llsli. 8flOU
Itellgliiti III' f .\ui.t(Te monk" lo-J
.Sfeiiili by r Sidt.ii. ;iHf,j
Sire. Is of r -Kiigland !«)ft3
FIN.\N4 i:.
Delusions In f, .l.ilni Law, ♦2134
hrauduleiil. f. Home, year .Ml. ♦2135
Patriotism In f. Wm. P. of U. ♦21.30
.MlRCellivneoiH eros^ri-ftrenees.
Adventurer In f. .lolin Law. .'«»I5
Coercive f. of ilumes 11. .ItiMa
Desperation In f. Fr iiiiut. .3673
Palrliitls)u and f. Am. Rev. 1053
Prejudice In f.-Natlonal Bank. -ItUO
FINANCKN.
Unsouni lu^hs in Kcsturation. •2137
Mint- ll:ineo\M crossrefen'nees.
Controlled by giimbler Law.
Deficiency in i Treasury.
Exigency ' Sales.
Inuatlon of f.-Louls XIV.
Panic b^ contraction of f.
" " derani.ed f.
" " distrust off. England
" -U. S.
Uncertain basls-(iifts.
.See CAPITAL.
Conservative c. -Cicero.
a Crime Jew.s.
Spiritual ('.Indulgences.
vs. Labor English weavers.
See CAl'lTALISTS.
Extortionate c.-.Iews.
Nation of c.-Jew».
.See EXPENSE.
Division by e.-13 States.
SOW
2fl1K
3tiHl
(120
.3!)7f»
•.mi
.S9H4
8980
3200
•709
♦710
♦711
,3098
•71S
♦713
♦1987
Inconsiderate of e. -Goldsmith. 2203
See INVEST.MENT.
Timely l.-Manhattan Island. ♦21)97
See REVENUE.
Ancient Roman r. ♦4804
from Injustice. -Turks r. ♦4H<;5
Mismanaged- Am. Cf oi.ies. ♦4866
from Drink, State r. 8940
See BUSINESS and MONEY
in loc.
S4r,
FINAN('n:i{-F()LLY.
Iiicons'.dfciati' f. <t. (iDld.tniith. W03
.Self rulnouH f. ('lii>rlt)s I.
.Si.ucei;sful f.-Humilton.
Nullified by Eliot.
1161
*2138
Mis(M'll:im'im- c 'Hrefercnces.
limited Magna Cliart.i. 32;i2
Self-imposed f.-Emp. Julian. 314!
See noNflSCATlON.
.Vvarl.iloua c.-Emp. Maxlmln. ♦101!)
Hull(?iou8c. -A. d' Albuquerque. *105'l
of I roperty of cowards- Horn. 12T5
FIIIK.
Ancient f.-Rollp!on of Pers'ns.
Calamity by f.-Uomt*.
Destruction by f.-G.-L. XIV.
Destructive f.- Greek fire.
Helpful f.-London rebuilt.
Uoly f.-Altar of Jupl'cr.
iKnorance of f. -Pacific I.
♦213!)
♦2i.40
*2141
*2142
♦2143
•3144
♦2145
♦C146
Miscellaneous cro»*9-reference«.
Kscape from f.-Wesley family. 1 10
F"atal f. by amusement. ;i'>l2
Fearless of f. -Boy martyr. 4130
I'lKhting with f.-Archlmedes. 343
Fortitude In f.-Bp. C'ranmer. 13.33
" " Suffering. 2204
by Incendlarles-Rome. 10.^8
Information by signal f. 4089
PreEervation by Greek f. 2082
Sacred f.-Virfjin's taper. 1282
" " extinguished. 1428
Survival of f.-Ch. of St. Sophia. 805
Trial by f.-Romans. 5704
Unquenchable f.-Fngines gone. 1050
See ARSON.
Dtstruction by a. vAosroes. ^324
Suspected of a.-Nero.
1287
See CONFLAGRATION.
Defensive c.-('olunibia, S.
c.
♦1051
Destructive c. -Boston.
♦10.52
" "-Chicago.
* 10,53
" -London.
♦10,54
" "-Moscow.
♦1055
II II II
♦1050
"-New York.
♦10,57
"-Rome.
♦1058
In War-Carthage.
♦1059
a Blessing-Health of L. 3451
Destructive c. of London. 094
Patriotic c.-B. of Jamestown. 4043
Utilized in war.-Paul Jones. 045
" by avarlce-M. Crassus. 083
See CREMATION.
Kindness In o.-Pompey's.
Opposed-Bodies preserved.
Popular c. of CaBSP.r's body
See INCENDIARY.
Punished by flames-Romans. *2V73
FIRITINESS.
Call to f. by William III. *2147
Effect of f.-Alex. Severu3. *2148
225.S
2252
2251
See I'KRSI.STENCE.
U..dcrrated-< 'olumbua. ♦41,55
See I>ETEUMINATIO\, FORTI-
TUDE ami PERSEVER-
ANCE in he.
FISH.
Extrav.igant price- .VaHhlngton.2013
Remarkable-Legend. 35-15
Terrlfylug f.-Con,3cicuce, 1'15
FINHINti.
Fraud In f,-Ant(niy. ^2149
FliAG.
Despised-U.S., year 181^' ^2150
Devotion to f ,-Serg'ni, Jasper. ^2151
Crosarefcrenee.
Dangerous display of f. 753
Sec BANNER hi toe.
FL4TTERY.
Arful f.-Captire Zenobla.
False f. of Henry Vlll.
Fulsome f. of James I.
Irritating f. of Fred the G.
Resented by Aiexandsr.
I Rewarded, Excessive f.
♦2152
♦21.53
♦2151
♦21,55
♦21 5«
♦2157
Miscellaneous crosa-refere. ices.
Deception by f.-Rochester.
Develops servitude-Romans.
Embarrassment by f.-Caesar.
for Favo'- Voltaire.
Fulsome f. of <-harleg I.
Wealth by f.-Legacics.
of Woman's beauty-Elizabeth.
See ADULATION.
Official a. of Clip,!". I. by Finch.
Rebuked of James I.-fi m.
Ridiculous a. of U. Vlll.-r. b. g,
1471
305
2057
J
I)',! I I
2084
♦60
♦61
♦02
for Money-Dedication of book8,498
See COMPLIMENT and PRAISE
iti lor.
FliERT.
Immense-Powerless-H'racl'an'aiSS
See SHIPS in loc.
FlilGHT.
Ml.scellai'eoiis cross-references.
Cowardly f.-Heracllan, 2158
Famous for f,-Maxlmin, 2060
for Safety-Roman panic. 2117
See ABANDONMENT in loc.
FLIRTATION.
Cross-reference,
Dangerous f,wlth Cwsar's wife. 16,52
FLOGGING.
Comfort under f.-Chrislian, ♦2159
Excessive t. -Titus Oales, ♦2160
Miscellarcous crn.ss-rcferences,
i5rutality in f,, Jeffreys', 2862
Common-Servants-Ch. -Wives. 3860
Triple f.-Real and false. 2754
See CHASTISEMENT in loc.
f:.our.
Cvossreference.
Honesty in manufacture of f.
2611
FLOWERS.
in Blood- War of Roses. *2162
Influence of f.-Wordswortli. *2li;3
Mjdterlous f.-Golden rose-P, ♦2101
MIscellanciins cnissreferencc-i.
Bloody f.-War of the Roses ,59.3/)
Language in f.-" Cutting p'pple-i, "42
Mania for tulips, 2400
FOB.
or Frlend-Agei-ilaus, 2221
Friend changed to f,-H. VIII. 2033
FOGYISin.
Miscellaneous cross-referei]' .<.
Judicial f.-LearnIng needless, •2164
an Obstacle-Manufaoturerg. ^2105
Unvelled-No Golden Age. ♦2100
See 00NSERVAT1S.M i« loc.
POLLOW^ER.
Inferior f, of greater men, ♦21fi7
See DISCIPLESIllP,
Honor of d.-Constantine. 'lOll
FOLLV.
Delight in f.-Diogenes. ♦2108
Incurablb f, of James II. *2I«9
Learned f.-Dlsputatlons, ♦217i>
Rebuked by Joan of Arc, ♦Sfl71
Religious f, of Egyptians, *2172
Miscellaneous cross-references,
of Age-Fountain of youth, 6190
Alchemist's f.-Sir I, Newton. si 4
of Anger-John Milton, 1107
" -John Adams, 42^4
In Benevolence -" Jenny's w," .552
City built in memory of a dog. 23a
Consummation of f.-Dlogenes. .3249
of Court etlquette-Edwnrd 1\'. 1025
Crusaders followlnfr a goose. 237
Educated-" Wisest fool." 2154
of Extravf.gance. 3371
Honoring geese by Romans. 2-34
Official f.-Slr H. Walker. 2025
in Old Age-Love.-s. 2084
Opposition to progress-Lights. 3032
Overruled-King John. 4,5."3
Presumptuous f.-Legate. 9'iO
of Pride-Sapo.'-Preaence-.-Vwe. 441
Rebuked-WIIllam III. 13S0
" by Joan of Arc. 1559
Religious f.-PIIlar saints. 4700
by Self-conceit- Xerxes. 1020
II ]Q.J>J
Self-injury, Folly of, 2797
Shameful f.-Byron's mother. 3722
Superstitious f.-"Klng'8 Evil." '379
"Mahomet's t. 1.378
with Wisdom-Aristotle, 2020
Wise f.-" Fulton's "oily." 2,306
of Youth-Edgar Allan Poe. 0105
See UUFES,
Day of d. -France. 1474
Undecelved-Rulned, 2214
See FOOLS,
Teach wise men by example. 6i>20
See IMBECILITY.
Intemperance produces i, 29!0
Official L-Invaslon of Canada, 2025
Ridicule of natural 1, 1566
FOOD— FoupyniouoiiT.
!Sre INDISCRETION.
Destructive I. -Passion of V. *27ii7
Preeminent I. of Bp. Uurnet. •a7»8
S»e NONSENSE.
BSainBt Nonsense. *38a5
Preferred to wisdom. 2106
rnpercelved-Shelley'sburl'8que.419
See STUriUITV.
Uopeless .■:. of James II. *5370
Improvident s.-Uold seekers. S807
Insult of s. -James II.
Mistake of s.-liaK vs. Pearls,
(•ffieial s. -Newcastle.
" "-Traitor-Arnold.
Traveller's 8. -Crusaders.
FOOD.
Abomlnable-IIorse- flesh.
Animal-KlnK of Buns.
Changes In f-England.
Chosen f. of Palmerston.
Dangerous-Poison f.-Yuea.
ExtravaKance in f.-S. birds.
Figure by f.-Spartans.
Mind affected by f. -Mahomet
Poor f. -England.
Public-Spartan tables.
Regard for f.-S. Johnson.
Suspicious-" Watering-place.'
Variety in f.-Invention.
Wonder in f.-London.
turn
272.3
2710
2717
1553
2724
•817!)
♦2174
*2175
*2170
*2177
*2178
♦2179
.♦2180
♦2181
♦2182
♦2183
'♦2184
♦2185
♦2186
Miscellaneous cros.i-references
Animal f. rejected-Phil'soph'rs.
Aversion to salt pork-W. I.
Cannibals by necessity.
Caste in f. resented.
Communism in f. -Savages.
Dangerous f.- Soldiers.
Degrading f. of Irish kings.
Division by f.-Scots.
Extravagant f .-Tea.
" rebuked.
" "-1,000 cooks-C.
Fierceness by flesh diet.
First question-French Rev.
Inequality in f.-Mind.
Intemperance In f.
MLstake-Camphor vs. Salt.
Neglected in study-Newton.
Offensive manners with f.
Orders for f., Unexpected.
Pleasure in f. rejected-Pa.scal.
" " "-Dyspeptics',
of the Poor-Ireland.
Prayer brings f.-Miiller.
Present of f. rewarded.
" " "-Ada to Alexander
Public provision-Romans.
Rebellion against f.-Army.
Reward of usefulness.
Strange theory of f. -Artist.
Unappreciated-Discovery of f.
Unsubstantial f.-Perfume.
.■^ee BREAD.
Public provision of b. -Romans
Question c f b.-Mob of Paris.
See COOK.
Vexations of Antony's c.
4709
626
706
724
2649
433
719
1913
2010
2013
3903
2174
&58
4000
2920
3.591
3794
3421
2759
4681
5424
1510
2035
4431
.5876
657
1963
2393
6015
1636
5779
♦657
♦658
265
Sec DIET.
Simplicity Ind.-John Howard.* I, '.TO
Frugal d., Soldters'-Emp. (■arus.447
Importance of plain d. -Youth. 6212
Life prolonged by d.
an Obstacle- Young Irving.
See KEAST.
Ale-foast of old England.
Banquet of death.
-Indians.
Deception in display.
Drunkenness usual.
2170
2734
1740
1404
1425
376H
2922
2923
3371
850
Extravagant-Roman,
of Fools and asses-C.-I.-F.
Ilumlllation at f.-O. Goldsmith. 2fl0»
Painful thoughts at f. 2045
Wedding f.-Orandsons of T. 741
See FKUIT.
Costly f .-Russian Court supper. 462
Small f. commended much. 3593
Suggestive-Apple-Newtnn. 0185
See EATINO, E.XTR.W.KiANcE,
FAST, FAMINE and LUXURY
in loc.
FOOIiS.
CiOHs- reference.
Teach wise men by example. 6020
See FOLLY in luc.
FORCE.
Distinguished by f.-"H'mm'r."*2187
Fictitious f.-Mary Queen of S.*2188
Miscellaneous cross-references.
VS. Consclonce-Subjugation.
Divinity In f.-Themistocles.
vs. Perseverance-Illustration
Sc! ENERGY.
Compliroented-Napoleon I.
Expressior of e.-Gen. Grant.
Individual e.-RIenzi.
Military e. -Emperor Trajan,
of Patriotism- Israel Putnam.
Successby e. -Cardinal Wolsey.*l895
Surpassing e. of Mahomet II. ^1890
2964
2387
4149
♦1890
♦1891
♦1892
♦1893
♦1894
by Climate-Hungarians,
in Di.'^aster-Romans.
Expressed by C;csar.
Lack of e. brings disaster.
952
1609
1033
2025
Personal e.-Chas. the Hammer. 2187
Si'c I'OWER.
.\uthority by p. -Charles II.
Balance of p.-Orlgln.
" " " -Europe.
Boast of p.-Pompey.
Humbled- Roman.
Personal p. -Napoleon.
Threat of p., Agrippina's.
Use of p. for freedom.
beyond Capaolty-Geo. III.
by Comblnatlon-the Poor.
Dangerous to liberty,
by Good and evil mixed.
Love of p. by Irene.
Might makes rlgbt-Wm. III.
" " " -Cromwell.
' -Earls.
♦4302
♦4303
♦4304
♦4.30.')
»4360
*430r
♦*^08
♦1369 I
♦4370 i
I
2879 '
1088
3219 I
3015
180 I
4903 !
4904 ;
4902 i
847
Monarch of the world- Timour. 195
Moral p. in con.Mcionco. 1109
OfHcial p.- Roman censor. 740
Personal p. of Holhwcll. 1I71
" "-Cromwell Moral. 1.S22
Resigned-(ieneral Bolivar. 4(Ktl
In Rldlcule-I'ublic. 4H'.ir,
" -Reformation. 4W/7
" " -Revolution. 4Hi)8
" Wealth-Philip. 4SH5
See STKENOTII.
Consciousness of s. -Alex. ♦.W.56
Physical s.- Peter Jefferson. *:,:ir,H
" "-Washington. ♦.^'jO
by Piety-Cromwell. *5357
See VIOLENCE.
Error of v.-Chrlstlans.
♦.'.,
5884
Argumentative v. from w'kness^ni)
Paternal v.-FrederIck II.
Reaction of v.-Becket H. II.
Savage v. of Fred. Wni,
for Violence- .\grlppina.
See COERCION hi Inc.
FOREIGN EH.
Mlscellaneiius cios.s-ri'lVrence:
Generous-James SmlUi.son.
Insulting Government-Genet.
Odious-Coneinl.
Prejudice against f.-Colunibu
" In reports of f.
FOREIGN ER»i.
Antipathy to f.-Egyptians.
Dishonored- Athens.
Feared at Sparta.
3389
6145
1072
2072
Miscellaneuua cross-references.
Government depending on f.
Hated-Aboriginal Irish.
Hatred of English In Ireland.
Intermarriage saves state.
Language of f., Contempt for.
Legislation against f.-U. S.
Marriage with f. opposed.
Prejudice against f.
Services-Fame of state.
See AI.IE.NS.
Expulsion of a.-U. S.
Crobs-ffftTt-rice.
Rule of a. -Rome.
.^le EMKiRANTS.
City (jf e.-New York.
Dangerous e.-Criminals.
1812
2429
2520
s.2055
2573
•21N9
"2190
"2191
.365.?
727
3151
304
3131
107
,3498
240
892
♦107
1208
♦1803
♦1804
Army of e.-Goths. 1866
Corruption by e.-Xatlonal. 2191
Dangerous e.-Va. Colony. 4006
Inconsiderate e. -Mai's. Colony. 2002
Trials of e.-Plymoutli Colony. 20H1
See NATURALIZATION,
of ' itizens-Roman. 892
FORESTS.
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Charm of the f.-IIome. 3288
Life in the f.-Audubon. 3106
Protection of f.-Manufacturers.2165
See TREES in luc.
FORETHOUGHT.
<''r083-referenee.
Impulse more reliable. 2767
See PREPARATION in loc.
■••is
FOKGKHY— FHAUD.
FORAKRY.
< V)nfesaed-Ueed. *219a
Convenient f.-Kniperor ('. *ai9.'J
Delusive f.-VVm. I*, of OranK0.*!J194
I'erlloiis f.-Kreiich ofticer. *-Jim
Misci'lluiicous croHM-ri'fereiiccs.
(lands cut, ofif for EKXPt.
Life saved by f.
Preservation by f.-Assassln.
Sbumeful f -Antony.
FORUETPULIVKSS.
Desired -Tliemlstoolcs.
CniHsrefiTcnco.
I'arentiU f. of son-Howurd.
See AUSTKACTIUN.
Art of a.-"Wal8tiioat button."
Hluiiders by a. -Newton.
Uangerous a. -Archimedes.
3100
r)713
ir>ia
1SW7
'210(1
411
*19
Absence of inlnd~(). Goldsmith. 009
.Vr'oused from a.-Johnson. 2310
riillo.sopher's a. -Archimedes. VMi>
Youthful a. by stuJy-Newton. 2100
" study of Pascal. 2324
Pee IIEKDLESSNE.'S.
Loss by h.-O. Goldsmith s. *254G
AlarmlnK h.-Polltlcal.
See MEMOKY in Inc.
FORGIVENESS.
Christian f.-the Turk,
for the Dead-Napoleon I.
Generous f.-John Wesley.
"-Louis XII.
Impossible to mankind.
Prospective f.-Frederlck Wm.*2202
Miscelluneous cross-references.
Assumed by Raleigh.
Confession brings f.
Despised by Klnff James IL
" " Am. Indians.
Ill-timed f. -Duellists,
by the Injured not the (fov't.
of Injuries-Matthew Hale.
for Money-Jefifreys.
by Penance-Henry II.
Political f.-Napoleon.
Severe condition of p.
of Sin-Papal power of.
" " by Christ alone.
■Solicited-Peter the Great.
Undeserved-Murderers.
See ABSOLUTION,
m Advance by Pope Julius II.
< 'ostly a. of PalfBologus.
1139
3819
2109
5928
4595
4499
4852
3007
4104
4254
1359
827
4103
5091
4226
*11
*12
Desired in death by Charles II. *13
Penance for pope's a.
See ATONEMENT.
Belief of American Indians,
of Vengeance-Am. Indian,"-
See PARDON.
Declined-Amerlcan patriots.
" by the innocent.
Hopeless of p.-James II.
Odious by considerations.
Plea for p.-Napoleon I.
I'urchase of p. of sins.
2889
5158
4848
*3994
*3995
*39n6
*3997
♦3998
*3999
3780
*2197
♦2198
*2109
♦2200
♦2201
without KefomiatloD. ^4000
from Sympathy- A. Lincoln. ^4001
FORMALITY.
CrosH-refereiice,
Weakens the Churcli-Macaulay. 8S8
FORSAKEN.
Justly f.-.Iame8 II, +2203
See AUANUONMENl' in loc.
FORTITUDE.
Esteem for f.-Muclus,
Puritanic f.-Hugh Peters.
•2204
♦2205
XII,scell:ineoiis criisa-reforcnces.
Ami)Utatk)n of own arm. 1260
Applauded-Indian gauntlet. 8007
Contest in f. -Am. Indians. 2074
in Death-Execution -Kumbold. 124B
Encouragement to f,-Me.xlca;is 714
in Flames-Bishop Crannier. 12.'i3
Invalid's f.-Wm. Prince of O. 1897
Noble f. in death-Muley Moluc 2,'J61
in Old Age-Faritan. 12.')()
by Philosophy-Dlonyslus, 4 1 Oil
in Tortures-American Indians. 1420
Training in f.-Spartans. 1817
Unexpected f.-Blsho,-) Cranmer.1249
of Women-Scotch Martyrs. 4142
See ENDT'UA.NX'E,
German e.-Am, I{ev.-Soldlers.^l883
FORTUNE.
Change of f.-Columbus.
Contrasts in f.-Alexahder.
Favors of f. -Charles V.
Forsaken by f.-Louis XIV.
Reversed-Duke of Exeter.
" -Nicetas.
Reverses of f. Banishment.
Sensitiveness of f.-Tlmotheus,
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Change of f.-Countess of R.
" "-Sudden-Claudius.
Good f. vs. Merit.
In Hands-Omar.
Irony of f.-Clan of Scott.
Remarkable good f .
Reversal of f. in Sparta.
Reversed-Titus Gates.
Sudden f., Joy in.
Unsatisfying to Emp. Severus.
See BEQUESTS,
for Spiritual benefits.
♦2200
♦2207
♦2208
♦2209
♦2210
♦2211
♦2212
♦2213
2028
3870
5393
2507
190
5407
95
5831
4884
200
♦554
5995
Trained to e.-Spartans, 182.';
See COURAOEiind MARTYU
in luc.
of Wife-by Athenians.
See LEGACY,
for Churches-15th century. S.'Vl
of Political advice-Augustus. 100
See LKOAOIES.
Christian 1. to Church. ♦SISS
Eagerness for l.-Romans. ♦3181 |
Enriched by i.-Olcero. ^31*5 i
See INHERITANCE,
of Household goods-England. ^2858
2908
2903
Inferior i. -Riches vs. Spirit.
Transferred by religion.
See CHANCE ,inrt WEALTH
in loc.
FORTUNE-TELL.INU.
Sec ASTROL0(JY.
Regard for a.-ltoman omens. ♦88*
Miscelluneous cross-references.
Crime proven by a. 1953
Faith In a.-Charles II. 6442
See AUOURY.
Book of a.-Chiiiese. ♦SO.i
Ilulldlng by a, -City of Rome. ♦390
See NE(;R0MANCY.
Proof of n. -"Familiar spirit." ^3804
Impostors in n. -Barbarians. 2801
See OMENS in loc.
FOUNDE.INGS.
Crosa-reference.
Protection of f.-Emp. Paulus. 80;
FOUNTAIN.
('ros,s-refereiice,
B'abulous f. of youth, 6196
FRANKNE»iS.
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Brave minlsterla". f. 1243
Noble f. -Confession. 3819
Straightforward f., Luther's. 1092
See SINCERITY in loc.
FRATERNITY.
Cross-reference.
Fictitious f.-Louls and Crom. 8023
See BROTHERHOOD in loc.
FRAUD.
Gigantic f.-S >ea. scheme. ^2814
Governmental f.-Charles II. ♦8215
Suspicions of f.-First cable. ^2210
in Trade-"Uonest Leather." ^8217
Miscellaneous cross-references
Alarming f.-Porgery.
1542
"Departed Spirit."
2353
Fishermen's f.-Antony.
2149
Literary f.-Shelley and Hogg.
419
Living by f.-Beggars.
5763
Religious f.-Images.
1282
"-Weeping virgin.
3020
" " -Grecian oracle.
3940
" -Holy Lance.
4007
"-Relics.
4008
14 11 II
4009
It 11 II
4070
tl If II
4071
11 II u
4072
II II II
4073
II II II
4674
II 11 II
4675
II 11 11
4670
Spiritualistic f -" Knock."
3555
See COUNTERFEIT.
Preserved by a c. -"Sacred b."
♦1225
Relics-Manufactured by "an A
♦1220
Signature-Consul Antony.
♦1287
Imposed upon Goldsmith. 2601
See DECEIT.
Temptation to d., Mahomet's. *1468
Timely d. -Persian prince. ^1469
Lawyers imprisoned for d.
vs. Deceit-Harold II.
in Diplomacy-English.
" " -Napoleon.
3168
3840
1759
38H0
FltKEDOM— FKIKXDSmi'
h4!'
Day of d, -Franco. 1471
Unueoelved-Rulned. 2214
See SHAMS.
Military s.-Am. Revolution. ♦5120
Rldlculed-A£fectatlon. 1,100
See SWINDLER.
Royal s.-IIeury VI. ♦.'VIST
" " " VIII. *-)4SH
" "-Richard I. »54S3
See COItlU'l'TlON and DFX'KI>-
Tl().\ ill l,w.
FRKEDOin.
Determination Tor f.-Wallace. *22IH
of Speecli in Parliament. •2219
Miscelliincon.s crii.s.s-rcferencos
by Assassination in Ireland,
of Conscience In Mtl.
Gratitude prompts f. -Lincoln.
Knowledge brings f.
Nenilnai f. of Romans.
Origin of political freedom,
by Proteitunti.sm-Enfc'land.
Public spirit by f .
Untimely f.-I'irates.
See K.M.\.V(II'ATIUX.
Advocated In Mass., a.d. l70I.*IHr)0
307
1100
.^00
57.'^")
142
735
410(i
41H0
Proclaimed by A. Lincoln.
See INDKrEN'DE.NCE.
American I. -Samuel Adams.
Childish i., Samuel Johnson's.
Dec'aratioD of i. -America.
Defeated, Canadian i.
Determined-Alsernon Sidney
Domestic i.-Wasli's mother.
Ministerial i.-Methodist Conf.
Natural i. -Young Caesar.
Necessary i.-Arch-Bp. Anselm
Proclaimed-American i.
Profitless-Samuel Johnson.
Better than wealth.
Changed to conservatism.
Declaration of 1., First-N. C.
" -Work of genius,
of Fashion-Charming.
" Governmental restraints.
" Gov't-N. Carolina.
Love of i. -Mother of Wash.
Manly l.-Somerset-James IL
Noble i. -English jury-Penn.
Official 1. necc.'<sary-Wm. III.
Preferred to money-Pope.
Pnjof of i.-"JIake me come."
Spirit of i.-Alex. Murray.
Unrestrained by law.
without Wealth-S. Adams.
See LIHERTY in loc.
FKEE-LOVEKS.
('r(is.s-rcforei)C('.
Rellglous-Sensuai-Engllsh.
FREG SPEECH.
Cross-reference.
Punished severeiy-Floyd.
FREE H-RADE.
Cross-reference.
Forbidden to coloniei.
3227
*2;80
*2781
♦2782
*27H3
♦2784
*278,')
♦2780
♦2787
♦278H
♦2789
♦2790
♦2791
4882
a>i8
1432
S30.->
2103
2414
2439
60.54
31,38
.30,')3
.3802
3C,')0
39.30
,3085
1121
3000
3a35
4508
980
FRIEMD.
Chosen f,, Alexander's.
or Foe-Agesilaus.
Obsequious f., Ctcsar's,
in Slckue!<s- Prince of Orange.
Sordid f., (ioldsmlih'8.
Welcome f.-Lafayette.
Wounded f.-"Stouewali J,"
Ml«cell:iiie(ms erciss referenoo'
Bereaved of f.-.Mexander.
Hiirdensomo f. Drinking,
('hanged to foe-Henry VIII.
Executed l)y f.
of the Friendless-Lincoln.
Helpful f. of Demostheni's.
" '■ in adversliy.
Irritating f.-Fred. Il.-Voltaiio
Neglected A naxHKoras.
Polluting f, rejected.
Ruinous f.-FiTguson.
In Sickness-Samuel Johnson.
Treacherous f.-Francis Bacon
FRIENDS.
In Battle-Locked shield.-i.
Complemental f.-Ladles.
Discouraging f., Luther's.
Faults of f. -Napoleon I.
Unlike-IIalifax-Hurnet.
'2220
*2221
*222^i
♦2224
* 222.')
*2'220
M2.S
2!ll."i
2l«3
5 111,-.
rMs
21,V)
4;-;s
1172
1222
,M2;i
♦2227
♦2228
*22'"J
♦82:m
'2831
Miscellaneous crf)Ss-reft'renco^.
Al)use of f. by jokes. 3025
Dangerous f. -Assassinators. 105
Dead f., Recognition of. 1.398
Desertion of f.-Wa.'lilngton. 2;ms
Destilute of f.-Kniporor. .3072
Enemies clianged to f. 28;^3
Forsaken by f.-Csesar. 371
of f.-Nero. 1270
Impatience divides f. 2748
In Misfortune-Diverse f. !)2
Partiality to f.-Judge. 3009
" "-Ruler. ;jO~o
Ruinous f.-Mutually. 8870
Sacrificed to ambition. 192
FRIENDSHIP.
Applauded-Nap.-Alex;itiiier. ^2232
Commauding-K. of Hearts. ^2233
Complemental-Wm. III.-B. ♦2231
Confidential-Wm. III.-B. *2235
f 'onflrmed by money. *22;3:!
by Contrast-Fred- D'Argens. +2237
CootroUlng-Alex. Pope. *2238
Inpeparable-Hubert for Nap. ♦2239
Perilous to Robert Burns *2240
Repalred-Samuel Johnson. ♦2241
Sehool-boys-Lord Byron. *2212
Treacherous f. of James I. *2243
MIscellfineftMS cross-referenci s.
Affecting- Lincoln-Stanton. 1 10
Affectionate-Wash's farewell. 20!)9
Apparent-False-Ronians. 2(i43
Communion necessary. 2957
by Common purpose. .3210
Complemental-Dioeletian, 2402
" -Cowper. 48.34
Disagreeable-Coward. 1207
Disgraceful-Pompadour. 3712
Disreputable-Hannibal. 701
Dlstrusted-Cleopatra's. 4515
Forgotten- Henedlet Arnold. 2044
Hypocrisy in f. orleiiiis and B. 209,v
Incorruptible Indian. 1.301
Nei'ded-Kdgar Allan Poe. .'.032
Perilous f. for (iela. mi'.h;
"-Turks. i7:j
Proof of f. In exile with Nap 71.".
beyond Suspicion. .i.isi
Tialtors to f.-fon-pinilors. ;:; i
Trci'.cherous IMek Tallpoi. lijc-.'
" f of saviiges. :).Ms
Tribute of f., MelHiichllion's. .MH!'
Inworlhy of f. Kpiciii-e ji,-
See Al't^lAIM ANCK.
Brief a., Deceived by. *:;(;
Cnwelcome a., s. .U.lirison's. *:',:
See Al'F'Alill.l I V.
Falsehood In a Charles II.
See AKKINTl'V.
by Complemriil-Wm. P. of ().
" Contrast-.Aniie cliiircliill.
-Burnc' Iliilifax.
See ASMirlATKS.
Dangerous a. -J. Howard's son
Impure a. -Sir Isaac Newton.
Intlueiice of a.-' eter the(ireat
Burial of living a.-l!arb iriaiis.
Dangerous a.-(iuien of Scots.
Despicable a. -James 11.
Selection of a.-S. Johnson.
Uncontaminated by evil.
See ASSUCI.Vl'MlN'.
Changed by a.- (i reeks.
Contaminated by prison.
Controlled by a. -Alex. Pope.
Dangerous a. with 'I'heodora
Destructivc-"Artemus Ward.''
Religious a prized.
Repelled-John Milton.
Ruinous-tiamblers.
" to Nero.
Unity by a. -Cromwell -Fox.
See ASSOCIATIONS.
Beneficial a. -.Marcus Aurellus.
Guild of a.-Eng., a.d. 1211.
Protective a. -Anglo- Saxons.
2-,';i4
•,'•.'•,'.■>
2231
*3V',r
t;s4
IKI
:>\:-,
II.-,;
.-.I I3l>
ISO.-,
.vot
22:tH
■l.-i:i:!
32S.)
20113
2701
22; 3
281'.*
tu i;t
*:W2
,.,;,,
*3S:!
Contaminating a. -Luther at R. .S90
Dangers from a. In government. |i)H
Effect of early habits and a.-N. -.119
Horrifying a. of London Tower. 71.-.
Unimprov(>(i by good a Indians. 9(il
See MKOTIIEKFIOOK.
Acknowledged Am. Indians. *0','.
Aitilicial b.-Old English taiilds. 3Si
Proelaimed-Penn to Indians. 4091
See I'l.riiS.
Ancient c. "Inindtable livers. "*902
Organization of old English c. 381
See (OM.MI'MO.N".
with (iod-Oliver Ciomwell. *9'.i.-i
by Likeness-John .Milton. *990
Unity by c. -Oliver Croniw(dl. *997
See COMPANIONS.
Bad c. condemn to prison. 3i!31
in Death-American Indians. 1 111
Selected, Shameful c. 370^
See FAVOR.
Flattery for f, -Voltaire, *2."'
850
FRIGHT— GALLANTRY
liiKenious reciuest forf. 4603 '
KeJectcd-ICesponslblUty. Ii58
Seductive f.-Goldun rose. sitU
Sie FAVOKITISM.
Scandalous f. of Charles II. *illO
Office l)y f,-Huckini,'haiii. 3«ri |
Uoyal f. of .las. I. (Jeo. VUUers. 4!t4
Mi'U KAVOKS.
Independent of f .-UloRenes. 3415
Hejectud, Tyrant's f.-Sylla. 38*)
Solicited, to be-Alexander. 4T'J(i
Sm FKLL()\V.S|11I>.
In Misfortune-Napoleon I. 30;*)
" Sufferlntf -Napoleon I. 5707
See KIXI>.\KSS.
Religion of k.-Rey.J. Newton. ♦3077
PIJOITIVE.
MUcolIuneous trot»rt-ri.'rLTL'nce».
IIopeleHS of escape. 1710
Royal f. -James II. f)7H8
Sympathy for f.-Amerlca. 4ti(10
Welcoraed-Jaines II. 50itO
VVUITIVKS.
Misc.-llancoiiH criisM-rcfervitccs.
Generosity to royal f. 8641
Punished by slavery. 60-J
Refuge of f.-Asylum-Rorae. 387
Sanctuary of f.-N. Carolina. 243!)
Sie HLUl'KMK.NT.
Royal e.-Phlllp of France. ♦IH.W
33.W
Conceals faults-IIervey. 2465
Crime of k. to criminal. 4400
Reprimand of k.-S. Johnson. 4775
of Savages to Columbus. 2049
Spirit of k.-Pope to Howard. 145
See LOVER.
Fallen I. -Hernando Cortez. *3:i5.'!
Fickle 1. -Robert Burns. *33>l
Youthful i.-Lord Byron. ♦*K5
Artful-Cleopatra.
Blind 1. of Catherine Sedley.
Blinded-Marcus.
Ensnared-Antony by Cleopatra,
Fascinated-Wm. the Conq.
" -Robert Burns.
Female 1., Mahomet's.
" "-Honorla.
Preservation of 1. -Ariadne.
Royal I. of Lucy Waters.
Unsuccessful-Isaac Newton.
VI jits of 1., Dangerous.
See LOVERS.
Rival -Jefferson-Others. *
01.30
2«a
1675
6130
2r)83
4219
3472
3470
0051
3470
5i)92
0t)49
Miscellaneous cross- references.
( 'arousal after f .-Alexander. 2912
Impressive f.-Cajsar's. liKo
" " -Cicsar's bloody g. 372
Passions aroused at f. 241
Pompous f. of Alexander. 4474
33.10 I Unworthy f.-Sacred cats. 2178
riee 13rRI.\L i» tuc.
Rellglous-Sen^ual-England. 3335
Restrained-Church service. 853
See PETS.
SI igular-Scott'8 pig and hen. 832
Women's dogs condemned by C. 2;i3
See AFFECTION and SYMPATHY
ill Inc.
FRIGHT.
Cross-reference.
Insanity from f.-Ghost. 8353
See FEAR in t„c.
FRI\'OIiITV.
Shameful f. of Charles II. *2244
See NONSENSE in toe.
FUVOAIilTY.
Misiipplied f.-Charles 11. *2245
Plan of f.-Irlsh painter. ♦2240
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Example of f.-Cjesar. 3162
111 timed f. -.James II. 4008
Patriotic f.-Virginia Colony. 48*J
See COVETOUSN ESS and ECONOMY
in loc.
FRVIT.
Costly f. -Russian Court supper. 4.58
Small f. commended much. 3593
Suggestive Apple-Newton. 6185
Ft' BY.
Miscellaneous cros-s-references.
of Anger-Byron's mother. 3722
" " -Frederick Wm. I. 5741
" Indignation a disguise. 1058
See PASSION in loc.
FUTURE.
Future life-Gauls' belief. ♦8258
" " -Persian's belief. *82.59
Overlooked-Improvldent Ind. *22eo
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Happiness In the f. 8031
Hints of f.-Au;rury. 3907
Predictions of American f. 210
See AUGURY.
Book of a.-Chlnese. *395
Building by a .-City of Rome. ^390
See PREDICTIONS.
Editorial p.-Clvil War. *4406
Parental p. for Peter Cooper. ^4407
Reallzed-New York. •4408
Augury-Blrds-Building-Rome. 390
of Bankruptcy-National. 451
Equivocal p.-Delphlc oracle. 3948
Foolish p.-J. Dryden. 5049
FulflUed-J. Fltch-Steamboats. 2!J00
Proposed to Shelley.
See FLKJHT.
Cowardly f.-HeraclIan. 8158
Famous for f.-Maximln. 2000
for Safety-Roman panic. 2117
See ABANDONMENT in loc.
FUNERAL..
Criticised -Charles II. ^2247
Customs from Romans. *2248
Expensive f.-t^ueen Mary's. *2249
Fatal exposure at f. *2250 |
Honor of f.-C«esar'8. ♦2251 ;
" " "-Egyptians. ♦aa.^a
Humble f.-Pompey's. ♦22.53
Immense-Abraham Lincoln's. ♦2254
Impressive f -Cicsar's. ^2255
Panegyrics criticised. ♦2250
Patriotic f.-Boston. *2257
Oracular-Nero to kill his mother.106
" -Sylla-Relns of gov't. 495
Political p.-Ain. Revolution. 1599
Popular political p.-Fal»e. 1985
Realized -Diffusion of the Bible. 578
See PREMONITION.
Accidental p.-Charles I. ♦4419
of Death-Charles V. ♦44-JO
" " -Lincoln's. ^4421
^4422
Sec PROrilECY.
False p.-Emplres. ^4583
Unconscious p.-'\'lrgll. ♦45'J4
of America's future-Lafayette. 210
" -Stormont. 812
Fictitious p.-ContucIus of C. 395
See OMENS in loc.
FUTURITY.
Disclosed by imjiostors. ♦•2201
See HEAVEN.
Carnal h -Mahomet's. ^8540
Division of h.-Swedenborg. ♦2541
Materialistic li.-Boswell's. *8542
Views of h. -Adaptation. ♦2513
Visited by Mahomet. ♦2511
Warrior's h. -Scandinavians. ♦8545
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Approaching near to h.-TayIor.3403
Children in li.-Swedenborg. 6207
or Hell-John Bunyan. 10*5
Infants In h.-Swedenborg. 28H
Letter from St. Paul to Pepiu. 3190
Nearness to h. In sickness. 5131
Visited by Mahomet. .'J023
Women in h. -Mahomet. 8992
See HELL.
Necessary-Prest. A. Jackson. *2547
Temporary h.-Mohammedan. *-.'54s
Fear of h. -Samuel Johnson. 1423
See PARADISE.
Drunkard's p. -Ancient Germ'.s.*3988
Earthly p. In Damascus. ♦3989
Language of p.-Perslan. *3990
Mussulman's p.-Flve. ♦3991
Sensual p. of Mahomet. *3992
Strange p.-Mahomet. *39!t3
Admission to p. by epilepsy-M. 1643
Belief In p.-Persians. 2259
Brave men go to p. 1410, 1435
Heroes' bloody p.-Pagans. 1417
Letters sent to p. -Gauls. 225S
vs. Perdition, Which ? 6141
Qualifications for p. -"Good fore. ''32
Visionary p. of Crusaders. 8095
See PURGATORY.
Compensations of p.-Moham. ^4580
Mohammedan p. -Punishment. *4581
Belief in p. -Ancient Persians. 22.59
Mohammedan p.-Seven hells. 2548
GAIN.
or Lose-Tlmour's deman''. *'J2i;2
See GAMBLING and PROFIT
in loc.
GALLANTRY.
Inconsiderate g. -Goldsmith. ♦2263
Proof of g. -Female rulers. ^2264
GAMHLEliS-OENIUS.
861
Sec CHIVAMIY.
Baseness of c. -Edward I. *SX5
Modern c. -l,'nlon-t'onfedeiate.*8I6
Order of o.-Knlnlits of St. JoLn.*8ir
Patrlotlo c.-l'aul Jones. *818
Id Battle-Brennville-Bloodless. 401
" " -Prince Rupert. 464
Brutality of o.-Edward I. 815
t'ourtesy of c. -Black Prince. 1200
Demoralized by shameful c.-F. at59
Misdirected c.-Ue Soto-Am. 1080
vs. Property-Marriage. 8400
" Puritanism England. 4583
Seu rOLlTE.NES.S in loc.
OAinBIiBKS.
MtscullaiR'ourt (.TOMrt-rt'ftTencea.
Association with g. danKerous.22T3
Debts of K. honored. 2614
" "" Precedence In. 1403
Degraded by g. -Charles Fox.
" " ""Sunderland.
" "-Coffee Mouses
Escape from g.-\'llberforce.
Fashionable g. -Fully.
Losses by g. -Gibbon.
Passion for g.-Eng. gentry.
Pride In g.-Ulgh life.
Ruinous g.-Oliver Goldsmith
" -English gentry.
Universal g.-Crusaders.
Vice of g. -Prolific.
*3265
♦2200
♦2267
♦2208
♦22U9
♦2270
♦2271
♦3272
♦2273
♦2274
♦2275
♦3276
Miscellaneous cruas-references.
Memorial of g.-" Sandwich." ♦0146
Ruinous g.-Edgar Allan Poe. ♦OIQS
See SPECULATION in loc.
CAIVE.
Preservation of g.-Justinian. ^2277
Miscellaneous crossrefereiices.
Fondness for hunting g.
Laws preserving g. -Burden.
Monopoly of g.-Wm. the C.
Passion for g.-Andronlcus.
" " -Malek-Sultan.
Pleasure-Perilous g.
Skill In shooting g.-Crookett.
Beneflcial g -Ancient.
Employment in military g.
Passion for g.-Greeks.
Use of g.-Samuel Johnson.
See AMUSE.MENT in loc.
fiXmiNG.
Condemned by Napoleon I.
GARDEIS.
Cross- reference.
Famous-Waterloo. 1501
GARDENING.
Miscellaneous cmss references.
Contentment In g.-Emperor, 1148
Pleasure in g.-Cyrus. 5636
See AGRICULTrRE in loc.
GENEALOGY.
Misfortune a satire on iU'str's g.236
See ANCESTOR in loc.
4038
155
3943
4204
4197
4111
4332
♦2278
♦2279
♦2280
♦2281
♦2282
GBNEH A FIXATION.
Vicious g. of Sophists. 228;j
GENERALS.
Too many g.-Maoedoulans. *2284
<'ross-reference.
Overrated-Pompey-Accldont. 5
GENERALSHIP.
Successful g.-Pompey. ♦2285
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Success by g.-Cortez. 3830
Want of g.-Aglnoourt. 3834
See W'AR'mfoc.
GENEROSITY.
Artful g. -Emperor Tacitus.
Easy g.-Pope Alexander VI.
Example of g.-John Howard.
IndUcreet g. -Mahomet.
Noble g. -Benjamin Franklin.
" " -Peter Cooper.
Patriotic g.-Am. Revolution.
Sincerity In g.-Cromwell.
♦2280
♦2287
*2288
*228it
*2290
♦22'.ll
♦2292
♦2293
♦2294
Exlled-John Kay.
2992
Wrongcd-Eli Whitney.
2091
See BENEFACTORS.
Opposed-James llargreaves.
*512
See HENEF1CENCE.
False f.-Charles II.
2751
See CONTRIBUTIONS.
for Education-Peck of corn.
1773
-Yale College.
1783
-Harvard.
1791
of Regard-Cajsar's funeral.
2251
See MAGNANIMITV.
Admirable m. of H. Vane.
*3379
Noble m. -General Lee.
♦;i380
of Savages-Onondagas.
*3;«i
See TREATS.
Election t. Costly-England. 1839
Exacted -Engllfch prions. :mh
Prisoners' t.-Brldewell. 1302
Temptation In t. Builders. 29.3.3
See BENEVOLKNCE :iii(l lIUSl'I-
TAMTV //. /'-<■.
Miscellaneous croas-referencts.
Bountiful g. of Alexander. 5099
Characteristic g.-S. Johnson. 2059
Conceals vlces-SackvlUe. 3043
Destitute of g. -James U. 1005
Embarrassment from cost. 2203
Enemy's g.-Luther-Tetzel. 1888
Example of g.-J. Harvard. 2288
Extraordinary g.-Youthful. 2915
False religious g. 4707
Liberty of Am. -Lafayette. 3216
Noble g.-Willlam Penn. 4255
Offensive g.-HumlUatlng. 2;i50
Overwhelmed by g.-Napoleon. 1152
of the Poor-Plymouth Colony. 2081
Suspicious g.-Tacltus. 2280
Wife's g. to husband-Mary. 5998
See BENEFACTOR.
Praise of b.-A. Lincoln. ♦SU
GENII'S.
Advance of g.-lsaac .Newton.
Age of g.-Athenlans.
Ages of g.-Pucullarlty.
by Ancestry-John Milton.
Ascendency of g Win. Pitt.
Belated-Wlillani ( 'owpcr's.
In Childhood -0. (Joldsmltlis.
Cointructtve g.-Ciesar's.
" " -I. Newton's.
Co-operative g.-I. Newton.
<'reatlon of g. -Robert Fulton.
Dlsdained-Robert Fulton.
" -John Fitch.
Disparaged (Jeo. Washington
Eccentricity of g.-S. Johnson.
Enterprise of g. -Cromwell.
Failures of g.-Vouthful poets
Hereditary g. -James Watt.
Imitation of g. -Columbus.
I mpo verlshed-Homer.
I-.ate evidence of g.-W. Scott.
Manifold g. of Napoleon I.
Merit of g. -Cromwell.
Misdlrected-Audubon's.
Misjudged -Gray's.
Mortality of g.-Early deaths.
Orlginiitliig g.-Blaise Pascal.
Overlooked-John Milton.
Perils of g.-Swlft's ambition.
Power of g.-Cromvvell's.
Practical g. -Peter the Great.
Precocious g.-Wni. C. Bryant.
Prodigious g.-Napoleon I.
Proof of g.-Benj. Franklin.
Remarkable g.-Benj. Franklin
Resources in g.-Cuesar.
Rewards of g.-Dr. Morton.
Subjects for g.-John Milton.
Success by g.-Black Prince.
Successful g.-Turk.
Superstition of g.-S. Johnson.
Time for g.-Revlval of letters
Timely g.-Isaac Newton.
Tolls of g.-Vlrgll.
Unappreciated-Washington.
Uncontrolled-Ed. Burke.
Undiscovered-Columbus.
-.\d. Blake.
Work of g -Epamlnondas.
" " -Lycurgus.
•2295
♦2290
♦•22»7
♦229H
*229U
♦2.300
♦2301
*23()3
♦2;it)4
♦2305
"•.'3(i(;
*23()7
♦2:W8
*2.309
*2310
♦2311
♦2.312
*2313
♦2314
*2315
♦2316
♦2317
♦2318
♦2319
♦2320
♦2321
♦2322
♦2323
♦2324
♦2325
♦2820
♦2327
♦2328
♦2329
♦2.330
♦2331
♦2:^32
♦2;m
♦2334
♦2335
♦2336
♦2337
♦23:«
*2:iJ9
♦2340
♦2;mi
♦2.342
*2:M3
♦2344
*2;M5
♦2346
♦2347
of Affection-Josephine. 2201 |
Appeal to m., Alexander's. 1588 |
In Forgiveness-Wesley. 2199
" Misfortune-Philip II. 2028
Sagacious m.-Caesar. .5828
in Selfsacriflce-Alexander. 5095
See LIBERALITY.
Cloak of l.-Commodus. *3204
In Oplnlous-John Wesley. *2205
Uncertain 1. of Charles I. ♦3200
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Absence of mind-Newton. 20
Age of g.-Golden age of Art. 325
-Athenian. 2290
" " " -Leo X. 2297
Ambition of g.-Alex. Hamilton. ia5
" " "-Power-Fame. 193
by Ancestry-John Milton. 2298
Ascendency over others-N. 2833
852
ii!
Ill Uoyhood Themlstoole*. 088
Combination of r. Cromwell. t.'7(i'.'
( 'ontompt tlui reward of «. a;t(iT
DuriKtjrH of K-Hol)Brt Kiiina. ;Mti
for Con(iU(!St Duke Wni. of Kn^f. ;!3
Dr'focts of ({. Mlltoii'H r. Kov'l. HOr)
Dnliisloii of (f-Newton an u. HI I
KfTectlve (,'. of Chiis. Martel. UIHT
KKotlsm of jf.-*'l<'«i"(). 1834
' -Gold.snilth. 1H3.")
in Kntprtnliuiient/KinllUis. ]!H)8
Kvll ).' of IJrutus. ]i',>o
KxinKinlliiary jr.-KoKcr IJacion.aTVr)
Field for (,'■ 1" aKriculiure. ISS
" " " necessary. •JO.'i,}
for (Joveriiraent-Alfred tlie (J. u'iy.3
'• " -lilchtlieu. )>4-H
Heart more tli;m it a.Vi'j
by Ilercdlty-WattH. •£»:,
-IJlaise I'ascal. S3S-J
Horse mannaed by (.'.-Alexander. (!
Humble orifiln of K.-Bunyan. ail.lO
ImpcdimentH to k. overoonie-B. 500
Inrtue-ice of (f.-l'osthumoua. 3ii70
for IntrlKue, .Xptneaa. aooo
Labor of (j.-Demostlienes. 44lM
Limited to trroat purposes. ;i4
in Literature-Tasso. .S30,5
" " -Ariosto. :W(X5
-Milton. 3307
-J. Dryden. 3308
" " -Siialcespeare. ;«09
-Pope. 3312
not Manifested. 4512
Mark of g.-Woisey. 1895
for Mathematlcs-Efryptians. 3530
" " -Colburn. 3532
" 3.'j33
Military g. of Csesar. 4184
Misplaced-Gibbon in Pari. 4249
Modesty of pf.-Franklin. .3047
" " -Newton. 3048
Multiplex g. of Galiienus. 18.30
in Old age-Cowper. 2.300
Overlooked by critics. 1(18
Patience of g.-Dlscovery. 4032
Periods of g.-Uiscoverers. S.'iSO
for Politics-Corrupt-Newcastle. 607
Poverty with g. -Isaac Newton. 43.39
vs. Presumption-C. and Pom. 5828
Resources of g. . 343
" " "-Napoleon 393
Reward of r.-S. Crompton-I. .5.35
-Faraday-ScientiHt..537
" " -Eli Whitney. 2091
Rewarded by exile-I\ay. 2902
Savage g. of Fred. William. 1072
Solitary g. of Wren in England. 280
State protected by g.-A. 343
for Success-Pizarro. 1008
" -Frederick the G. ."^.M
Success of K.-('iP«ar. 130
-l-'red. II.-Leuthen.4rt
" " " " " -Rosbach 177
Sudden display of g. f 'tomwe)I..">231
Sway of g. -Cromwell. S.Wl
" " " ■Charlemagne. 3.")82
Triumph of g,-WilMam Pitt. 2835
Universality of Grecian g. .330
Tersatility of g.-Queen Eliz. 3605
Victories of g. -Frederick II. 5808
Multiplex g., Cipsar's.
Patriotic g., Cromwell's.
Proof of g. -Robert Burns.
Recognized-Richelieu.
Threefold g. of Francis I.
with Vice-nnnnibal's.
by Wisdom-Alexander.
in Adversity-Cornelia.
Art vs. War, Fine Art of G.
Assumed g.-Dcspised-Nero.
" " -t'liworthliy.
Blemished l)y vice.
Blot on g. of Alexander.
DetPsted-Restraints of g.
Disappearance of Pompey's g.
Evinced in architecture.
Field required for g.-Mllton.
of Goodness-Pericles
" " -National-Eng.
by Great deeds-Themistocles.
2479
2480
*2481
*8482
*2I83
*.5484
*2485
0072
4200
4325
4457
2484
3741
.3430
.5719
2487
23.35
2395
.2300
34
(JENTILITY— OKNTLENESS.
Viotorles of g. -Napoleon I. .5809 i
! Victory by g. -Washington. .5817
" •' -Cromwell. .5818
I -Cn'sar. .5819
, Weakness of g. -Frederick II. 1224
i -Shelley. IH
for Wealth-Marcus Cras-us. .5072
Woman's great g.-Zeiioblu. 60.55
" g.-Aspusla. 6082
i Work of g. -Jefferson's I), of In(1.420
; Youtliful evidence of ir. Milton, 101
j " g.-l.'iaai^ Newlcili. 0185
.^ic AltlMTlK.^.
Misapplled-Fred. Il.-Vollaire. *3
Numerous-Rom. Emp. .Iiistiniaii. *4
Overrated I'orapey. *5
Sliown in youth. Alexander. "0
I'seless-J. Dryden Debate. *7
Balanc(!d-Geoigo Washington. 3100
( 'onversational a.-Johnson. 1 172
Dangerous- rnliistructed. 1.507
Diplomatic a. -Corrupted. 1.594
"-Kemarkable. KKX)
Field for Appropriate. 4224
Impractical- Mil ton-Politics. 4257
Manifold-(iueen Elizal)eth. 3005
Mlsplaced-(Jibbon in Pari. 40.54
Misappliod-Failure-Newton. 2100
" Goldsmith. 2030
" -"Magirflc'ntbrute."1008
Multiplex-Ca-sar's. 2470
Numerous-Ciailipiius. 1830
Practlcal-M. Van Buren. 4251
Presumable-Elevation. 3589
Prostltuted-Emperor Gratian. 1007
Restricted field for a. of Cresar. 275
Trlumphof William Pitt. .3.580
Wrecked-Splendid-Burns. 2027
Sce(;UE.\TXE.<S.
Blot on Dryden "s g. *2409
Burdensome g.-O. Cromwell. *2470
Buried g.-Alexander. *2471
by Contrast-Charlemagne. *2472
Downfall of g.-Columi)us. *2173
Dream of g.-Cromwell. *2474
End of g.-Saladin. *2475
Fictitious g.-D'Albuquerque. *2470
of Goodness-Cosmo de Medici. *2477
Impossible-Fr. under Chas. 1X.'''2478
Incompletod g. Cicero. 2880
Natural g. of Luther by Carlyle. 709
Overpraise of g., Pompey's. 4370
Personal g. of Oliver Cromwell. 1322
Respected g.-G. WuHlilngion. .'i7.'18
Uldieuled-Kmperor Julian. 480».
of Soul-Muley Moluc. 2B0J
True g. Alfred the (ireat. 4002
" " -Charles Martel. 4003
" " -Canute. 4061
i'nsurpassod military g. C(csar.4312
Vanity with g. Elizabeth. .5775
Sci> TACT.
Lack of t.-John Adams. '''.5S01
Natural t. Henry Sidney. '*.5.502
Rewarded-Careless slave.
Superstition overcome by t.
32
31
" ,33
See SKILL.
MIsapplled-I'erpetual motion. *.")l(iK
Proof of s.-Rothschild. *5109
Marksman's s.-Commodus.
" -Crockett.
•See TALKXT.
without Character-Fred. II.
Discovery of t.-Napoleon I.
Education of t. -Alexander.
Indications of t. -Mathematics,
Lack of t.-Confederate Gen's.
Overestimated-Napoleoii I .
Untaught- Zerah Colburn.
34;3(>
43S2'
*5.503
*.55(1 1
*,5.5ll5
♦.ViOG,
•5.'-)07
♦,5.50K
*6.">0!>
20.57
1305
4.50i>
4920
Without success-Goldsmith. 2030'
See DISCOVERY anil MIND
ge:ntii.ity.
by Restraint-Samuel Johnson. •2348-
Vicious g.-Samuel Johnson. *2.349
vs. Character-Byron.
Developed by criticism.
Misapplied- Ruler.
Money rivals t.-Crassus.
Miscellaneous crossrefcrence!!.
vs. Character-Cromwell. 4501
Kffoct of g.-Love-IIatred. 3417
vs. Religion-Offence. 20.56
" Rudeness-Johnson. 3418
Vice gilded by g. 2,349
of Woman by restraint. 8348
See FASHION juid POLITENESS
hi lue.
OKNTLEMKN.
Cross-relVriMiCL'.
Respect for g. shown. 3140'
OKNTLGNESS.
Power of g., Christian. *2'i.50
exhibited.
♦2351
Miscellaneous cross-referencas.
Excessive g. in ruler. 2304
Failure of g.-Iinpiety. 3418
Power over s. by g.-Joan of A. 1.559
" of g, -Joan of Arc. 412
of Rebuke-C.Tsar's. 4032
Success by g.-Mlssionaries. 5395
Pee COMPASSION in loc.
GESTICULATION— GOD,
853
«KS'riCIJI<ATION.
apeolallty In K.-Actors. ♦S88a
Crosa-refercncc
Oratorical g. opposed.
18M
GBSTVnES.
MI»celIuiU'ou8 crcuBroftTencca,
the I^iiKiiuKu »( animals. 1854
Ridiculed by Samuel Jobnsou. 18
.Scu PANTO-MIMK.
In Jurlsprudence-UomunH. ♦.'1984
SieOU.VTORYm tuo.
UH08T.
Improvised (j.-OoIdsmitli.
('riiss-reforencc.
Apparent g.-Uov. TuniicU.
GHOSTS.
Belief In r.- Samuel Johnson.
Fear of ff., Siamese.
Slo sriKiTs.
Communication wltli s.-S.
♦aa-iS
','398
♦235.5
*5.'508
♦.'5309
Intercourse with s.-Platonlst8.^53lO
Lying s.-Swedonborg. ♦.")3U
Mlniatorlng-Samuel Jolmsou. ♦.)3W
C'ommuulon-Swedenborg. UVi
" wfth conditioned. 35.") 1
" " s.-Swedenb'rg.!il4
■Manifestations, Fraudulent. 3.5.55
of s.-,Iohn Dee.3804
Possessing horses. 5400
Visit from an evil s.-Luther. 2500
See SPKCTRE.
Terrifying s.-Brutus's vision.
See PHANTOM.
Alarmed by p.-Theodorlc.
Pursued by p.-Murdorer.
See VISION in loo.
5846
1115
1108
GIANT.
Cross-reference.
Work < t a g.-Cluomedes.
GI4NTS.
Croa.s-referencc.
Soldiers of Frederick William.
GIFT.
Dangemusg.-S. Johnson.
itejected-Obllgallon-Nap. I.
Cross-reference.
Worthless g. -Curiosities.
GIFTS.
of Affection-Napoleon.
Bridal g. of Placldia.
Fictltious-Belisarlus.
rtarog. for royalty.
.-.00 BEQUKsrs.
for Spiritual benefits.
♦.5.54
1530
3584
♦23.56
♦3357
i;i82
♦2368
♦2359
♦2300
♦2,S01
MiBccllancous cross-reforenees.
■of Bible to Queen Elizabeth. .571
Boldness In bringing g.-Jews. 4122
Books-ValuabUi-Scarce. 032
•Corruptlng-Uoman treats. 4243
Disdained by Saracens. 4602
Forced g. for Maxentlus. 376
" " to Charles I. 3663
Generous bestowment-Alex. 5699
Sickness cured by g. 5138
of Wlfe-by Athenians. .599.5
See BONUH.
for Bribery rejocted-l. Newton. 000
SeoCoNTIlIlUJTION.S.
for Education-Peck of (sorn. 1773
" -Yale College. 17H8
" " -Harvard. 1791
of Uegard-Cfcsar's funeral. 2251
SeoLF.OAOY.
for Churches-15th century. 5.5-1
of Political advice-Augustus. 100
See LEOAIMES.
Christian 1. to (;hurch. ♦3183
Kagerness for I. -Romans. ♦.'ilKI
Enriched by l.-Clcero. ♦3l^<5
See BENEVOLEXCKaiiil lilUISKUY
i,i (...■.
GIRL.
Mlscollaneinjs crosa-rtTorenci's.
Advice of g. accepted-Lincoln.
Courage of g.-Joan of Arc.
Remarkable g.-Joan of Are.
Wlldne.ss of Frances Jennings.
.'^coSCIIooL-dlllL.^.
Captured by s.-g.-Napoleon.
01(\'
289-1
1720
Odd-'
2358
GliADIATORS.
MirtcellanLMius LToti.s-referonccs.
Courage of despair. 1235
Instruction of g. in brutallty-Il. ]02
Introduction of g. to Rome. 974
Suppression of exliib. of g.->I. 835
GLORY.
Departed g. of Portuguese. ♦SSOa
Enduring g. of goodness. *2.3(i3
False g.-Edward III. *2.561
Forgotten-Pyramid builders. *2-!G5
to God only-Cromwell. i'23(i0
Military g.-Emperor Trajan. *236~
Miscellaneous cross-rofiTonces.
In Acquiring wealth-Cato. 432
Age of g. -Saracens. 3782
Departure of national-England. 87
to God alone-Cromwell. 23B0
of Goodness, Lasting g.-A. 2.363
" " " John the Good."2018
Love of g.-Womau"s-Dustin. 3729
See HONORS in loc.
GLUTTOIVY.
Cross-reference.
Hospitality complimented by g.26.39
See GOURMAND.
Characteristic g.-Johnson. 2183
" " " 2927
Indigestion of g.-Soliraan. 2920
GOD.
Conception of G.-Am. Indians. *23G8
" " "-Gen. LaHlre.^2:!09
Existence of G. rejeoted-F. *2!70
our Father-Egyptians. *2371
First for G. -Thomas Moore. ♦2372
Ideas of G., Philosophers'. *2,373
Ignorance of G., Philosophers'. ♦2.374
Invl.iible -Revealed- Arabs. *2.375
Political O.-E ist Indian. *2.370
Presence of G. -Mahomet. ^2378
-Huron chief. *2377
Iteqiiired by tli« soul. ♦2379
Severity of (i.-.S(randlnavIan8.^'J.3H0
Sons of t .'.-Christians. ♦2.181
Views of (J., Comforting. ♦2;W2
Vision of <i. Am. Indians. ♦238.3
Voice of G.-Joan of Are. *2:!Hl
Will .if (; Crusaders. •2385
Ml.'.celhinLMmrt cpoMs-r(»fcrenccii
Abandoned of (J., Not
Belief In (i. -Natural-Indians.
Blood-thirsty (J. Druids,
(.'ommlssloned of G.
Communion with G, -Cromwell.
Ded'eatlon to G. Knights.
-Wesley.
Defiant of G.-("lu\erhouse.
by Dellieation of C;esar.
Deliverance by (i.-Orleaus.
Displeasure of (;., Sense of.
Klevatiiig thought of (i.
Kxistence deided-Koason.
Faith III G., Helpful.
l-'alse view of G. Bunyan.
Father, A heavenly.
Tear of <;., Painful-Cromwell.
Glory to (;. aione-cromwell.
(ioodness of (i., InGnite.
Help from G. the best-Joan.
Holy Spirit reveals (J.
Human (iaudiiis Brltannicus.
Ideal G.-Chlnese-(Jrei'k.
Ignoruiute of (i. Druld.s.
Impotence of false (i.
Kneeling to G. alone.
I-iveth-Scrvants die.
Longing for (J.-Ht!art-Hindoo.
Obedience to (i. tirst-Socrates.
Omidpresenco of (i. -Mahomet.
Personated by young man.
Praise to (i. -Victory.
Revealed In meditation.
Seeking (J. -Cromwell.
Service of (J., Benefits of.
Submission to t;., Soul's.
Treasure In (',., Choice of.
Trust In (i., not omens.
Unsearchable-Si monides.
Withdrawal of (i.-fioin Pari.
See DEIFICATION,
of Cfpsar- Romans.
" Heroes-Ancient (Jreeks.
" Seif-Ale.xander in India.
See DEITY.
Belief In d. -Grecians.
Concealed -Ancient Italians.
Subjugated by chains-Apollo.
Benevolence of d -Socrates,
by Hailucination-Menecrates.
Personilie<l~Minerva.
Presence of d.-Tlialcs.
Unchaste d. -Faustina.
Vicious d. -Pagans.
See DIVINITY.
Proof of d. required.
of the Soul-P\ thagoras.
See LORD.
Absent rrom House of Com.
See THEOCRACY.
American t. -Jews-Puritans.
108-J
2826
137J
5818
. 99.5
1121
1122
nil
2i:.".7
1518
1181
4C.2I
•1387
.57.53
1 1.53
1811
2.300
1 123
1,5.59
.5.307
2706
328
0102
2705
3085
1422
2.53S
Ul.-S
1023
2376
.37.88
1714
5070
4181
5,582
325 {
31
4.599
3:128
2057
.'inn
2753
♦1512
♦1513
♦1514
4550
•5770
5138
61.57
1075
3974
♦1091
5269
♦.3:328
♦5597
854
GODS— ({OVKIINMKNT.
Hen TIIKOMmIV.
Dimculllen In t. InHiillf Dulty. *6rm
KffoctHiif t.Cromwell. •45Uti
PlilloHophtir'H t. AnaxikKoriiit. ♦WWX)
•' "IMato. *f)tm
" -Stoics. ♦6flOa
KlillLMilous t.-KKyptlun. *S«Oa
< imnirtJT mouhUMl l)y t. (.'.'s. 77!)
Imaniiiatloii In t. (inoNtluH. 5I()0
Maintained by law. 47-.ili
SiibtletUiHin t. VH. I'orsun of ('. Ht«!
.'<ie('IIKI.ST 1(1 (Of.
UOD8.
Descent from k. Spurious. ♦8.38(1
(Jroat ir.-1'orHim.srM and Force. ♦!*)H7
MlaccllancdUB iTimsri'fiTi'nceB.
Kcnevolenoe of k. (ilf>H. 4ftno
Doscont from (f.-Alfxander. 8763
Devotion to the g.-h. Alblnus. 4184
KeKarded-a I'retext-Blbuluu. :W,(\
Terrifying (f. of Druids. <ll(W
,>*w II)()I,ATKV.
of Herolsni-Emp. Claudius. ♦87()fl
Ueitradation of I., Ki;yptlan,
Kunatlclsra of 1., Uorniiii.
Inferential l.-GoorKe Kox.
Lasulvlous dances In K. I.
Minute I -" Few grains of 1."
of Naturo-.Vnolent Germans.
HellKlon of vices.
Weakne.ss of I. exposed.
OOL.D.
Craze for (f.-Kiiltfrants to Am,
Delusin'i of K. -Londoners.
" " " -Spaniards.
Ts Labor-Oortez.
Kulned by g.-J. A. Sutter.
8178
808,5
aoH.'j
8085
849
oia4
3974
5450
•8,388
♦838!)
♦8.300
♦.^391
♦8398
Miscellaneous cross-rcforences.
Captivated by (f.-Demosthenes. 672
Corrupted by jf. -Spartans. 58,50
Crop of (f.-Dream. 852;i
Delusion of g.-Jamestown. 2807
Di'luslve hopes of (T. 1984
Kxuitlnfc dlscovery-Ca. 1974
I'unlshment-Melted (f.-Crassus. 4:U
Siiutrht by I. Newtou-Alclieml8t.814
Value of g.-Indlan's estimate. 457
See .TEWEI.UY.
Passion for j. -Henry VII. 'SO^a
Extravagance in J. -Charles I. 2011
Treason for j. -Woman. 5098
See AVARICE, MONEY and
KI(;HES 1)1 loc.
GOIiD-SKEKERS.
Miscellaneous crossrcferences.
Delusion of g.-s. at Jameatown.a807
8.388
" " " -Londoners. 2389
" " -Spaniards. 8390
" " " 87.3.5
•' " " -California. 8.398
-Visionary. 1984
GOOD.
Doing g. dally. ♦8393
for Evll-Perioles. 4037
See EXCELLENCE in loo
OOODNKNN.
MUi'i'lliininUf* iTimH icfiTtiirr,,,
of (lod, Intlnlio g. Il.':i
(Ireatntms of g.-C. d«' Medici. 8r.7
Lasting glory of AgeiillauH. ','.')tl:)
Uespeittod .lolin tliedooil. H>\H
UOHVKl,.
u Heavenly inossaiie Sailor. ••.•.198
Triumph of g. over I'agaiilKiii. *8.'I99
CroHHrefiTihci'.
or War- Mass. Colony. 5909
Hee CIIMSTI.VMTV (" liK.
(liOMNIP.
Serviceable for pul)llcallon-(>.^8400
See rALKltlCAIlKKS.
Mischievous- Voltaire's CI It'lsm.. 3008
Mlserllunenus eroNs-ri-t'iTciu'cH.
Characteristic g.-S. .lohtison. 8lK;l
.... .. ,j,),_,-
Indlgestlon of g.-Sollmaii. -IIJO
See ItENEVOLENCK and SYM-
I'AIIIV in Inc.
GOVUHNITIKNT.
Arbitrary g. causes Am. Uev. ♦8401
Art of g.- Diocletian. *8 1(18
Atrocious g -Kidnapping. ♦8403
Coorced-Charles I.-Flnance. *84(tl
Complex g.-W. P. of Orange. ♦84(1.5
Concentrated. ^8400
" "The state is my8elf."^8407
Confused-C'ounter-clalms. ^8408
Dangerous- Kome-Decemvlrs. ♦2409
Demoralizing society-Had g. ^8410
Destitute of g.-New Jersey. ^8411
Detested-Chas. 1 1.- Weakness. *'iU:i
Dictatorial g.-Gustavus III. ♦8413
Dlfflcult-Scotllsh people. ♦8414
Discordant g.- Many s'ver'gns. ♦8415
Disgraced by follies. ♦8410
Disordered Kolgii of C'nim"d's.*84l7
Divine form-Monarchical- Eng. ♦8418
Earliest g.-Llmi ed monarchy. ^8419
E'Miiiomlcal g. of Washington. *8420
Farcical g.-Constantine. ^3481
Fraudulent g.-C;ommons. ♦2488
Genius for g.-Alfred the G. ♦84-.'3
" " "-Hichelieu. ♦8481
Growth of g., Necessary. ^8485
Imperfections of British g. ♦8480
Impracticable g. -.James II. *84a7
Indiscreet g.-rnnianly-.Tas. I. ♦8488
Insulted-U.S. by Kr. citizen. ♦8189
without Law-Am. Indians. *84SO
Moral g.-" Optimism "-M. ^8437
Spirit of g.-IIonor-Fcar-V. ^2455
Strife in g.-English IJarons. ^2450
Strong g., Cromwell 8. ^84.57
Succession in g.-Am. Indians. ♦81.58
Trifles in g. -Revolution. ♦34,59
Unfitted for g.-Wchard I. ♦3400
Venal g.-Fourteenth Par. ♦8401
Weakness of g.-Roman. ♦2408
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Absolute g. by Cromwell. 1142
" " -Scheme of-Eng. 1545
" Louis XIV. 0809
Authority over g. -Cromwell. 881
Autocratic g.-J. II. in Scotland.3865
Avarlee of g. (harled I. i:i5
Hetrayi'd by gambler. 88(iti
lllgotiy In g., DeNlriictlve K. 418*'>
llloody g -Uol)espierre. 57:iu
Bribed by pirates Homo. 4088
Bribes of g.. Ministerial. VHr,
Burden of g.-Death of Harrison. 1.31
Burdens of mlsgovernment. 1,55
IIU)'lness prostrated by g. .3979
C»^n8ureof g.regented-I)lonysluH.74H
Change In g., Huddon-Sweden. 8413
Choice vs. Force,
by Chilstlan monarchy.
Coerced by faction- Home.
Commerce promotes good g.
Conoillatlon In g.-Ciusar.
Conservatism in g.
Conservatives, Excessive.
Controlled by Commerce-Eng.
VVi-i
■MH
8019
977
1031
1180
1137
087
" " Wealth-England. 3070
Corrupted and prodigal g. Eng. 1,508
" by avarice. 1380
lilO
" " " -Bo'-jan. 488
" " bribery-Bacon. 1310
" England. 1314
" -Sun'land 1315
180.5
3053
130f)
181 1
10,55
3880
8995
99
1345
3315
" " Eutroplus,
" " foreign M.
" " sale of ofHee,
" -Endangers.
" In g.-James II.
" of g.-.Salo of office.
Corruptly administered.
Criticism of g. in time of peril.
Cruelty of g. -Henry VIII.
Deceit of g. -Charles II.
Degraded by diplomacy of C.II. 109
Delusive g.-Plato's-PerBlan. 1881
Demoralizing g.-Charles II. l(iI5
Despair of g.-Corruptlon-Eng, 4353
Despotism of g.-Malls. 3380
Difficult In large cities- London, siio
by DlKnltHrlt,s-Colony of Va. 1.583
Discord In divided g. 1030
Disgusting g.-Louis XIV, 4051
Dishonored by c. 8137
Division of g., Ruinous. 1695
" Drunken Parliament." 3935
Education by g.-Perslans. 0313
Effective by self-control. 3,595
Endangered by aF9as8ln8-Booth.373
Energetic g., Cromwell's. 47rr.
Extortion of g.-Morton's fork. 8003
' -Richard 11. 8007
Extortions of France. 3073
Falsehood in g.-NapoIeon II. 8043
Family g. by t.-16ih century. 803
" " overdone-J. Howard. 800
" " " " 411
Favoritism In g.-Charles II. 2110
by Fear-England. 8114
" " -Roman army. 1019
Finances of g.-Sacriflces. 1987
by Foreigners-Eng. by French. 730
Free speech suppressed by g. 3940
Frugality In g.- Misapplied. 8845
Headless g.-Roman Empire. 3013
by Humiliation of subjects. 848
Ignored by g., Official. 98
-Agent. 3899
jHi, iHM UM m^mmm
OllACK— GUATITIDK.
855
Imbecile it. of Van Uuren. ni
Imbecility of Komuii g. 'Unt)
Imperilled by (actloiiH iluman. UTU
lmpru<lt!uue In k- t'barles I. 'Il!l
Iiu'ffeollvi) K- Klf<tttti'«. lltHT
liiHolvont K. (,'liarleH II. 'Mti
Irrltulltin of mimsim by niirrow uMl
lilboriil (f., (Jrowtli of Uomuiis. .'101
Men mlHplacL'il lu g. .'WH.'l
MuralH n(!C(!»nury to g. 87ltl
Neglect of ({--I'^'orKO II. '.'717
NeKlot'tod by Kiii|). Ilonorliis. 1H77
Obedience to IIIckuI g. MHH
Opprenxlon of ({. Irish people. *•••
" '■ women by g. (U'JJ
Oppressive g. resisted- Krance. MOO
I'artldllty In (f.-cathsvu. I'rots.JtiH
I'atrlotlo g. by Cromwell. 'Mi
Petition to g. rejected. 41.19
lM({ht of. 41(11
riunderInK subjects. '»HV
I'opular ({.-Hacred cause. V-iAu
Prosperity by good g. 4.')81
ruslllanlmouM K.-by authority, itao
Ueform r.-CIvII service-Alfred. 4017
4041)
4H71
4!)0!)
4.'il!l
44H7
•.'7.')
l.SW
I.')4
2101)
i3;i;)
3G40
l.'>40
3()9
1.340
:uH2
(ilsil
*r,i
" "-Uonian Empire.
Revolutloidzed-Cromwoll.
Uljcht of self ({.-"Squatters."
Scheme of g., Noble-I'urltans.
Service demorali/.ed~KnKlaud.
Shameful conduct of k-
Spleen In (f.-Senators.
Stro.i;; g by personal force.
Supported by aKrioulturo.
Sustained by vice.
Terrifying fc.-Caracalla.
Terrorlzed-New York mob.
by Terror- Henry VIII.
Trifles magnified by g.
Tyrannical g. refcnted-Conpp.
Vassalage of Knjf. to France.
Women overturn (c.-Kome.
See ,\l).MI\IsrilATI()X.
Responsibility of a.-C'>\binct.
Unfortunate a. of Van Ijuron.
United a. of A. Lincoln.
Revolutionized by Cromwell.
See A\1BAS.SAD0R.
Ridiculous- Voltaire to Fred. II.
410
4
Strange a.-Joan of Arc. 28!»'!
See AMBASSADORS.
Bribed by Philip of Macedon. 071
See AUTHORITY.
Absolute a. necessary In war. *400
" "-Early Romans. *407
"-Turks. +408
Acknowledged-Franks in G. *409
Assumed-Oliver Cromwell. *410
Dependence on parental a.-II. *41t
by Gentleness-Joan of Arc. *413
Imprudence with a. *4I.3
Necessary-Military. *4I4
Personal a. -Am. Indians. *4i.')
Popular a.-Chas. I. humillated.*416
Supreme a.-Joan of Arc. *417
Uougbt with money Sylla.
by Character Arlstldes.
Command without a.
Common a. -Spartan c. -llorteM.
Coulllutlnfra.-Capt.Wudsworth
" " -Inspiration.
Confusion of a. Gov't of Acre.
Delegated to the pope- Indulg.
Dlsregdrcied-Popo Innocent III
Divided Failure.
Greatest act of personal a.
Intolerable to Am. Indians,
lavestnicnt of a.-H. censor.
I'arental a. -Perfecit Harmful 1
Possession of a. -Cromwell.
I'owcr gives a. J<iyce.
Itcoognltlon of a. by symbols.
Representative of a. I. II. VI.
Symbol of a. lost-Seal.
Unrecognized by Charles I.
I'surpatlon of a.- Pretext.
See AUTOCRAT.
Military a.-Pompey.
Royal a.-Ilenry VIII.
See Civil, SERVICE.
Examination, unprepared for.
See DKSl'OTIS.M.
Revival of d. -Cardinal Wolsey
Colonial d. -Maasachusetts,
St)olal d. -Landlord.
See RKliKLLION.
Constructive r.-MaxImlllan.
Prevented r.-Seotland.
Small r.-Rhodo Island.
Soap r -England.
Whiskey r.-Pennsylvanla.
of Army against bad food.
Catholic r. In Maryland.
Causes of r. -Confederacy.
Disgrace from r.-Clarendon.
Forced to r.-Parl. by James II
Forfeiture of p. by rebellion.
Hostility to r.-Pompey.
Incipient r.-Atn. Revolution.
" "-Boston Tea Party,
from Insult-Persians.
Sin of r. taught,
of Slaves-Romans.
Soap r. -Women,
against Tyranny-Jacquerie.
Vengeance after r.-Peicr.
See RKlTIiLlC.
In Decay- Roman.
Presaged-John Cabot.
3H77
T«0
40411
.:)l».')0
awci
y4i.'i
H','7
.41)114
1I7.'>
4711
a7Ho
MO
I.WIO
r,.')
700
5000 1
j.'iOO
*4s;i
•I.VIO
* lO-,'.")
♦loao
*4<)!.'7
•40-JH
*4(W'.)
n)o:i
.'•)0 IJ
5HKS
1.V!7
.3H.V1
4:i!l
:i;7
■XyX
2!)00
:!8Jt
.5200
0131
.')7;i7
•J^7.")
*4rS','
* 17K!
In Kxcltcnunt (i. WuHbiiigton .'MOA
Power over others by n.e.
Sleep ul win Napoleon I.
in SupprexHlng indignation.
" " rcseiitmoMt.
Weakness In s..(', coiifesHcd.
SceHKLK I'OSSKSSIDN.
Urave s. -p. -Admiral Lc Fort.
Ruled by one will. 2144
-Washington.28;io
Virtue necessary to r. 24.').')
See RESTRAINT.
Dlfflcult-Martin laither. 1-4829
Arbitrary a.-Edward I.
Autocratic a. of Henry VIII.
" " " Pompey.
Beneflelal-Arrogated-Popes.
710
424
423
4302
of Etiquette-Distasteful. 1927
Gentility favored by r.- Johnson 2348
Hateful to wild men.
by Rudeness of rebukes.
See SELF-COMMAND.
against Fear- William III.
See SELF-CONTROL.
Remarkable s.-c -Duke Fred.
Abandoned-C. J. Fox.
Arm
3418
*.')0S2
*50R3
58ee
in Danger-Charles XII.
S.'.' SEI.l-liOVKItN.Nir.NI'.
liasls of-Vlrtuu Intclilgeuce.
Capacity ft)r s. g. Mass.
Faculty of s.g. Uonians Kng.
Withheld Colony of Virginia.
S.e TYRANNY.
Cruelly of t. Xerxes.
Ecclesiastical t. Cathollo.
Emblem of t.Uastllc.
Insurrection against t.-P.
Legislative t.-Lomr I'arli'in'nt
of Liberty-French Revolution
" -Rev. Tribiinai.
Parental t. -Frederick Wm. I.
Recompense for t. France.
Selfdestruetive t.-Komau.
Shameful t. Spaniards.
Terrible t.-Glldo.
.■nos
.•.20.1
um
4804
r>o»i
•.■>09l
1210
•.M87
•.■)()H8
•.'HIW)
♦,'i(KIO
•,')73l
•.'>7;»
♦.->7:io
•.'i737
.♦.'>7;iH
.*.-i;39
♦.5710
♦B741
♦.5742
•.1743
•.•)744
•r)74.'5
In Amusement-Spaniards. .')7I4
of Ca.ste, Social t. 3191
Displaced by t.-Virglnia. 2I|:1
Ecclesiastical t.-Ex(:'min'ni(^'n. 4911
Exasperated by t. Sicilians. 13lo
Household t. of elder brother. 2.i'U
038
in Excommunication. 4911
Legislative t.-B. Parliament. 31,M
Ni)nreslstanc<^ to t. 3821
Opijre.s.-ilon of t.-llopo-Crime. 3231
Reaction against t. Rulimis. 427
Resented-New Eng. Colonics. 1)!K)
Sii' Diri.nMACV, I'oLiriCS ;ii,i!
RCI.ICKS /„ /.„..
<>iHA< ■•:.
Mlscell;iiieoti> en )ss- references.
Election of divine g.-(roni. ISll
Restraints of g. -Anger. 4033
Revelation of (io(rsg.-Banyan.l70H
for Suffering-Unexpected. 1219
See RELIfiloN in luc.
GRADUATION.
Dishonorable g. of H. Mlllf r. *2403
yee PRO MOTION in luc.
GRATITUDE.
Expressed-Cliarles 11. *24(!4
-S. Johnson. *210.'5
Improvident g. of Goldsmith. ♦2100
Miscellaneous crnss- references.
Begets love-J. Howard. .344.')
Christian g.-Benevolence. 525
Genuine g. to Lincoln. 514
Inappropriate- Princes of Spain. 10.56
Player of g., Silent. 4379
Reward of g.-General Grant. 4878
for Sparing mercy of God-S. W. 119
SpeechlesB-Peasant-Nap. 1152
Unexpected g. of Darius. 5373
Unpleasant consequences of G. 54
Hon
Vow (>r K'< MMKoln'a.
' An uriJuNt.
Her THA.NK.H.
KxprusHed tia:iiu«l .)i)buRon.
KofuH«(l, (URtoiDiiry t.-I'olk.
Stf TIlA.\KS(ilVI.\(i.
Duty of t. Nt^Kleoled.
Thrtsefolil I'IiuIuh.
for Vlutiiry HpanlHh Arinudu.
SHOO
rwKto
•5678
ia57
•6570
•55H0
•65M1
lli'iiilliiHS l. fcirfodd. 1«4
I'liron'ul t Kicapir fromb'rtrinf.Hia
THiilm iif t. Vltitory of Duiihiir. 5H«1
UltATIIITY.
('r"^<M rcfiTi'iiCi'.
Lafuyottc'f. iiobli) u- of Hurvloe8.170
(; It A VIC.
I'ossesiloii oftf. Wlllltiinof N.^2-»07
Mhcillunooiis criiKM rctiTciici'S.
i'harlly at tho u-
I iuardlnif NupoUioirH if.
JiitoroMtlriK K Holy Hcpululirt).
J'ossesNlon, 'I'he oiily-Cynio.
Inknowii g -.lohti Cubot.
Veii({eauct.' I{)bbln({ the k.
UIIAVRiil.
(Jro.ss-n-tVrfiioe
I)ocorate(l-S()l<li<!rs (iriM'ks.
Sec lU'UIAL hi In,-.
UUAVITV.
by DUulpUnc-Coiistantlus.
1897
IMHl
'vMTI
Did
1057
5^41
*-Mm
Crosrt-rftV'ri'Mce.
< 'barauterlstiu k- of Am. Inds,
URUATIVKSS.
Hlot on Dryden's k-
Burdeiisoino ({-O. (,'romwell.
Buried if.-Aloxander.
l)y Contrast-OharleinaKne.
Downfall of K.-(;olumbus.
Dream of ff. -Cromwell.
End of K,-Saladln.
Fictitious (f-D'Albuquer()ue.
of Goodness-Cosmo do Medici,
Impossible- Fr. under Chas. IX,
>Iidtlplexff.,Ciuaar'8.
Patriotic St., Cromwell's.
Proof of (?.- Ilobert Burns.
UcooKnized-Iilchelleu.
Tlireefold (?. of Francis I.
with Vlce-IIannibal's.
by Wisdom-Alt!xander.
40-11
*a-J09
*a470
♦2471
♦347a
•2473
•2474
♦3475
♦2470
♦2477
♦2478
♦2479
♦24H0
♦2481
♦2482
♦24R3
♦2484
♦24a>
^IlscelUinetms croas-rcferencL'S.
in Adversity-Cornelia. fX)72
Age of g.-Moors. 125
Art vs. War, Fine Art of Greece. 4200
Assumed j; -Desplsed-Nero. 4325
" -Inworthily. 44.')7
Blemished by vice. 3184
Blot on (?■ of Alexander. 3741
Detestod-Restraints of {,'. 3180
Disappearance of Pompt;y's g. .5719
Evinced in arohltocture. 2487
Field required for K.-Mllton. 2;B5
of Goodness-Pericles. 2395
-National-Enu. 2396
GUATl ITV-OLILT.
by Great deedii 'rlii-tnlHtooiuH. 84
Ineonipluiod K' <'lc«ro, IIHMO
Natural I*, of Luther by Carlyle, 709
Gvort)rHl».. of «., I'onipt'y'ii. 4370
Pumonal k- of Oliver <'romweli. 1.(22
Uexpected K -G. W'aNhiiiuton. Xi'iH
l(ldlc!ul<'(i Kniperor Julian. 4894
of Houl Muley Moluc. 26(11
True It. Alfred the Great. 41M12
" '• -CharlcH Martel. 49(i;i
" " -Canute. 4901
UnsurpaNsed mllltury k CieHar.4312
Vanity wlWi k Kllzabcth. 5775
Sou E.MI.NKNCI.;, (IK.Nirs iiml
KAMI-; ill Iw.
UHtKV.
C'onjugal g. Thoc. .lelTerson. ♦2180
Fatal j{. Artaxerxes. '2487
Public (t. Kali of Jerusalem. ^2488
.\bstlnence in g. Wll'mif James. OOIW
of AffecUoii. -Daniel Wiib.ster. .501
.\(((.'d by ({• Andrew Jackson. 105
.Vnnered by k. -Caracal la. IO90
at ({.-Cambyses. 2881
False oure for c.- Promotion. 21HI3
Ktttal g. of James V. of Scotrnd.;K)H
" "-Dying for love. 3;J19
" Sudden g.-Dr. Mott. 3810
Heart broken by g. -Henry II. 4005
" "-Perronet. 2,V14
Madness of g.-Alexander. 1428
Overcome by g. -Josephine. 18011
of Separation. Nap's friends. 715
Silence of g.-Napoleon 1. 6140
Solitude for g -Confucius. 52.59
Sec UEKEAVi:.\IKNT uii'l SOKKOW
in toe.
GRIEVANCES.
Croart-rt'ference.
Ignored by James II.
GROVES.
Worship In g.-A ncients.
C'ro)4.H-referencc,
Dreadful g. of Druids.
See TREE in toe.
.3853
•2489
8102
GRVlTlBLiNG.
over Failures of Ad. Nelson. ♦2490
Sec COMPLAINTS.
Dlsregardod-Bllleting act. ♦1008
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Characteristic c.-Palmerston. 1311
Croaker's o.-Itad times. 1315
Dlsregarded-Romans. 3143
111 tempered c.-Johnson. 1693
Inconsiderate o. -Pericles. 1709
Perilous c. of captives-Indians. 5&5
Permission of o. denied. 1201
Useless c. against his mother-A. 114
See GRIEVANCES.
Ignored by James II. 3853
See CROAKING,
of Degeneracy -Eng. Puritans. ♦ISIS
Habit of c. about the weather. ♦1316
GUARD.
InsufBoient g.-Cortez.
♦2491
.\flic«llaii(Mitit rrfi!4t refuf«ne«n,
Splendid g. 70UU horNemen. KMtl
TroauheroUM g,, Washington'!. 1136
Mi'c E.SCIIJIT III lue.
GHENT.
.MUct'lljun'otii* (TuMN refVrpftcoH.
Entertainment of g. England. 3iui0
Fortunate g.-IIost poisoned. 4225
«iratltudoof g. Sylla. .'W'.'O
PollteneitH of g-Cn'sar. 3100
Treacherous g. Jamns Burton. 28.50
Ungrateful g. Ilene<llet Arnold. 2014
Welcomed g. -American Indian. 2051
GUENTN.
(.'rui^sri't'eri'iiLM'.
Misjudged I'rinceH of t'ranco. 3034
.8ee TKAST uml IIOSl'lTALITV
(" toe.
GUIDANCE.
MHrrlliun'oui crrirt(irr(VreiiOri»
by DreHm-(,'lcero.
" " -Deliverers.
" (iood geidus-(i<iod men.
Sci- I.KADKIt.
.Matchless I. Henry Clay.
Noble 1. John Wlnthro,).
Unnatural 1. " Tho tall."
Di'serted-Geo. Washington.
Duty of 1. on tho field.
Natural l.-J, Smith.
Timid 1. unsucocMsful.
Sw LKADERS.
Change of I. ruinous.
i7'ia
1721
.•i7i)«
♦3172
•3173
•3174
2308
l'J09
4877
1228
♦3175
5451
3780
3740
1488
4311
5705
4277
4310
2500
3170
4281
1274
2028
Strange l.-Cru««ders-Oonse.
See LEADKRHlIll'.
without Authority-Ind Chief.
Blindly followed-Sheep.
Destitute of 1. -Charles I.
Impaired by large views.
Merit required for 1.
Natural 1. -Henry Clay,
ti It ti tt
"-William Wallace.
Omen of l.-Tarquin.
of Public oplnlon-Oreeley.
Resignation nobly ofifered.
Resigned after failure.
GUIDE.
Invisible g., Constantine's. ♦2493
Unseen g.,Con8tantlne'B. ♦2493
GUILDS.
Establishment of g.-12th cent.^2494
See CLUBS.
Ancient o.-" Inimitable llvers."^963
Organization of old English c. 381
See liROTHERHOOD in toe.
GUIIiT.
Division of g.-Assassins. ♦2495
Evidence of g.-Sudden death. ♦8496
Mlacellaiieous cross-references.
Confessed, Honorably. 3819
Degrees In g. overlooked. 3056
Division of g.-Aesasslns. 1023
Sec CSIME and SIN in Ine.
HAIHT IIAKANOUK.
KlMtl
DIMN)
;iiiK)
IT'v-J
3706
230H
ISfiO
•J877
JO»M
MSI
37fi<)
3710
1-)8S
4311
67(ir)
4S.>77
4310
aSHO
3170
4a81
1374
2038
8819
3056
1033
HABIT.
Powar of h., c'ivlll/.ailon bj.
•1M07
Mlwi'llaiioiii* criiHt rnfvrtncei.
Aoqul'ed h. of iifarlue. 43A
t'onarmml, Mcuntloui li. J. II. Mii
DlKKUNtinKh. KatltiK. Iil8-'l
Hardened bj b.-Tlraour. 13:1;
Nerroua h. -Paring nalU. 8807
Prevarloatlun by h.-Chan. II. 8730
IIAHfTN.
TerHonal b. John Milton.
•8498
MUcvllitiU'diiN oriins rorercncei.
UundaKeo! b.-Vloe. UOK.'i
" -JaraeH II. MM
Oaruleas l.-U. (ioldiimlth. 71f>
Klxednem uf b -Am. Indians. 0O4
Healthful h. of John WeMer. 138
Modify rellttlouH oxproHnlun-N. 843
Neoe88ltate amiiNnment. 3305
S... I'llACTICK.
Export by p.-Juffrey8. 19»4
KxpertneM by p -Iloraemen. 3034
See UA.Mlll.lMl lui.l I.NTK.MI'KK-
A.NI'K in tuc.
HAIH.
('handed In early life.
Manly h.-FlrHt cuttlD((.
Pride in h.-li;mper(ir Jallau.
Princely Htylo of b. -Franks.
Uldlouled-" Kouiidhead."
Unoombed-IIarald II.
Useof-Orace-Terror-Sp'rt'ns.*3505
•2409
•3600
•3.WI
•3503
*3,'>0.|
MlBCcllaneoiiK croHs-refcrcncca.
Beauty In b.-8ylla-Gold.
Memento of venKeanco.
.Sif IIEAKU.
81(?nlfloant b.-Walter Scott.
49.'i
4847
•490
C'baniced by b. -Lincoln advised. 6103
of Cowards-llalf -shaven. 1880
Golden (Ued) b. of Henry VIII. 03
IndlRulty to b.-Caeaar. 2700
Vow to leave uncut-Soott's f. 40O
See HE Alius.
Charaoterlstio b.-Lombards. •401
1735
1505
2501
3370
Legislation to shave.
Limited use of b. -Franks.
LonK-Lombardx.
Pride In jx)pMtoM(i-.TuIlan.
Shaven-" lie atralnat faces."
Trimmed for battle-Alexander.2500
See liAKBER.
Ostentatious b. -rebuked. 1007
Superlatlve-lOOO-Constantlne. 3003
HAIiliVCINATlON.
Kealistlc h.-Luther and the d. •2606
Cross-reference.
Enthusiast's h.-Joun of Arc.
See CIIAUM.
Protecting c.-Thunder and 1.
" " -Agnus Del.
See CHIMERA.
Pursuit of c. -Isaac Newton.
See CRAZE.
for Gold-EmlKrants.
Hm cnchantment,
BoylMh e. -David Crmkott.
" " In booki-IrvliiK.
Pergonal e. by Mahomet.
S.r INKATUATION.
Dcstrurilvii I. iif Nuro.
of PrIdu .liimi's II.
0.'U
030
313-1
•3810
•381W
2384
♦782
•783
•814
2388
of Curioilty Pliny. 6060
Inventor'H l.-Arkwrlght. 61(18
of Love l'ai{e of Mary 8tuart. 8^13
Political I. .lamH* II. 33N8
Popular l.-C<iii(ji)i>Ht of Florida. 75
of War Chail.H XII. 1330
Sf.- rA.>*(M.NATIt)N.
of liuauty Mary smart. 6080
" " -/.cncibla. 0065
" " -HtmrlliiHs woman. 109
" Hooks Dr. Harviiy 038
Lover's f.-VVin. the Conqueror. 3.')H3
'- Robert Hums, 4319
" (iarlbaldl. 3IH0
of Mistress 'lames II. 1 133
" Vice Mary Stuart. 1171
" Woman. 3819
-Cathorlno Sodloy. 3813
-Mary Stuart. XiU
" " -(imrtesan of Mllo. 6«<W
" Women-Klnu.Iohn. 3018
See DECEPTION iiiiil INSANITY
in luc.
HAND.
CrortH-retVreiice.
Punlshed-Ulshop Criiiimer. 1249
HANDS.
Fortune In h. Amr the Arab. •3507
Hundred h.-.^E(,'ii;()n the giant. ^3508
Mlscelliineous cniss- references.
Calloused prove honesty. 8808
Concealing h.. Safety by. 1019
HAND-SHAKINO.
Weariness of-()eneral Grant. ♦3.')09
HANGINO.
Forecast of-Aiu. Patriots.
Publlo-8. Johnson's views,
a Kemedf-CromweU's.
•2510
•3511
•3513
Cross-rcfiTonce.
or Marrlage-Wm. Wat's choice
See EXECITION in loc.
HAPPINESS.
vs. Amusemeiit-iieo. Story.
Corapared-Samuel Johnson.
Constructive h.-S. Johnson.
Domestic h.-Dukeof M'nm'th
Receipt for b. -Plato's.
Simplicity In h. -Quakers.
.3434
♦3513
•3.')14
•S'lIS
*3510
♦3517
♦8518
MiscelluneDua cross-references.
Always In the future. 20.il
Benevolence brings h. -Lincoln. 5;«
Destroyed by marriage- M. M'M
-Shak. 3493
Fictitious h. of young-Johnson. 201
Heavenly h. -Mohammedan's. HMO
Impossible-Marriage of M. S. *190
Industry favors h. 3806
Ingrpdlents of h., Three. 3717
In Life by benefactions. 2358
In Life without wealth.
" " dlspuragpil Johnson
Lost by anilil'iiin for oftlce-M.
VN. MagiillliuMiri' 1 1 (lays,
two Miinili') of li 'I'lriiour,
with I'dvi-rty (ifii tirant.
Ill t'riKon .Idhii .\i-Uon.
Quiet h. vc. PdWt'r.
Sin prevciitH h. II. D. Gough.
Sulmilintetl for ambliloii.
Surrender of public ilosivphlno.
SurrtMiderei! to aiiililtloii Nap.
Unattaliu'd by HUccesHful a.
Virtue brIiiKH h.
S.e (:ilKi;ilKlI.NEHS.
simulated tiurnii Mary.
4tm
33H9
18.1
3:W3
*I5
l.i 10
4!HI9
IIIH
1179
35 1 H
18»19
1099
3(HI
1131
•788
Necessary In worship. 01(10
Policy of c. vs. Mi'lancholy. 1(170
>et CONtKiillT.
by .XfTectloii of friends. Martyr..'ll(i3
" Dreiiiii Napnleon I. 173.'i
In MNforluiic Mdlianiniedan c. ir<08
Uollgious <^ In (llstreHH.
" " trial.
•Se.' CO.MENTMKNT.
In GardenliiK'Dldcletlan.
under HardslilpH J. Wesley.
Inferior <' Samuel Johnson,
with Poverty Diogenes.
Price of c. -Napoleon I.
Possession of 7 acres- Itomans,
Postponed "What then?"
with Poverty Abdnlonymus.
without Ulehen I'lioelon.
Sir KCSIASY.
Hollglous e.-Ji \::: ii>>'>vca.
S, ■ ,loY.
of Discovery (iaiileo.
Fatal J. Shock to explorers.
IntoxleallnK .)., WiOllngton's.
Public J.-Ae(|iiltliil of 7 lips.
3 1. '.9
331 C.
•1148
•I 119
♦II60
♦1151
♦11. '.3
I,V.'
1071
.'•i08.'>
4883
♦17(;H
♦303M
♦;i(MI
*;!(i;u)
♦;i(i;ii
of Benevoienee A. Lincoln. n.'iO
" " Faraday. 5.'i7
-John Howard. 4193
" " -Uev. J. Newton. 3077
" Business-Chauneey Jerome. 090
" Discovery-Spaniards. 33(iC
Domestic J. of Mareius. 113
FatiilJ.-Lover'.s. 3.'U8
Inodiislderate J. of peace. 40!H
of Peace-War of 1813. 4mi
Reaction of J. -Insanity. 3998
of Reallzatlon-C'olumbuB. 4033
Religious j. in persecution. 581
Speeclilecs J.- Lujolals. 3998
of Success-Columbus. 5398
in Wealth-Sudden. 4848
See HAI'TrRE.
of Martyrs-Scots Iron boots. 2008
See UE.IOICINO.
Premature r.-Fatal. 1608
"-"Lamll Land I" ica5
See AMrSEMf:NT, ENJOYMENT,
HEAVEN and PLEASURE
ill lii<;.
HARANGUE.
Incessant h , Napoleon's.
See SPEECH in loc.
•2519
HAH
HAUUNIIII'N.
Military h Uoniuii Uit(l<>iiiii'leii.*'.'.VJO
Huoa«M by h.-C. ilerorou. *'ifiiil
MiNct'tluiHMtiiM rroRn-reffTpncoa.
MltiHitMlnl >i -Jnliii Wosluy. 11 in
Yuiitliful h A Mnoulii. Uiil.'l
mm
" " ('. Joromn. tlll«l
" " (fro. WttHliltiKton. tllllH
Htt ADVKKsri'Y Hiiil I'lUALH
IN tt)l\
lIAHinONY.
Fear of h.-.Spm-trtii-< i"iii'iit'n.**)!W
Hie CONCOUI).
Ti. CoiiqiiuruU MUliiko. 10(17
Hve AdUKKMKNT.
Forced a. a KullurH. V£\
NouuMHury In (ItmiiiKtlittlon. ltl.Vl
Policy lu a. CIcorD-l'ifiiipey. 3UIM
Si'i' MI'.HK,' in U,c
IIAUVKNT.
LoBt-oohi iiniii.'t Hc.wti. *-iJm
si'i' I'UriT ill i',c.
■lANTIi.
Defects of h Klim Ait. »sr)!j.|
NeedltSK li.-Adrnlitil DPHke. *a6-ib
Hoe IMI'ATIKNOK.
DlBajfreorafiit by 1 -llHnillton. 'aTlH
KoUy of l.-O. (ioldsnilth. ♦jH'II)
Foolish 1. of Xerxes Ketter. Sao
HATHKD.
SavaKo h.-t'ieiich vs. ltulluns.*2S!iO
MlHctOliiiicous cro88-refcrcnccii.
Abandoned at the Krave. 180!)
Credulity of h.-dotlis. I.VJH
Deserved-Naiiio of Joffrcys. HTtlT
Expressed, I'opular li, 1,357
Expression of h.-t'outrovorsy. IKlfl
liijurer's li. toward the liijiirt'd. aiT)
Inspiration of li.-Wni. I', of (). ailM
of iManklnd deserved- B ir^la. ■Ji-TO
Maternal h. Sar^li Jounln^s. 0071
Political li.of Anierl(;an-.fohnson.dl5
Popular h. Joau by England. lO.W
Race h. Inflamed by ruler. .3.'>40
Ueturned for affection. SHHU
Stimulated by conscience. 33H9
Universal h. of Commodus. 5713
Vlctlmsof h. of J. Il.-Jeffreyic. 919
Hoe ANCIER.
Symptom of a -Napoleon, *220
Antl-rellftious a.
ISrutal a. -Frederick Wm. I.
Controlled by a.-Petor the (i.
Co9tly-fa),000.
Folly of a.-Milton.
Fooll.sh a.-John Adan..s.
Furious a.-Iiyron"8 mother.
of Jealou.ay-Voltalre.
Overpowering a.-Washinprton.
Quenched by reading Koran.
" " good-humor.
Reaction of a. -Alexander.
Savage a.-Frederlck William.
Undeserved a. of Waohlngton.
Weakness-Philip.
4741
f)7ll
5091
4102
11(17
4-,'.34
37*J
300','
,1(1
O.I
1933
1741
1872
2748
5104
llAUDSim'S-IIKAUlMJ.
Her ANIMdHirV
Kralcrnal a ( 'iiruitnlla and (1. *st>'l(* '
of lt(ii<irani'tt Nitllonnl. *>*lo
I'nrettMoualilo. Aiitlciithollua. ".'11
Mic CilNIK.Mri'.
I'.xipri'MSiMl, 'I'lniotir's c. *1II''
for I'retenslon-Pliates. •Ull
-Alarl.!. '1115 <
PnitrtotHd by c. .Maximus. •IIKI
Uisllgious u. I'urllaiH. •!! IV
of AnutT rnnierltrd o, 8180
lor Ili'ilHirs Isaai! Newton. tltlO
I'lired b)f advitrsUy Itraddoek's 97
KxpieSNiid for Ocorgr II. 9
l''.iiulllarlty brends (^ .1. lIogK. ''•'*'*>l
KoolMi e. Pope I.utlicr. WV>
KoUy breeds c. I''iintttles. H.WH
of (Jeiilu.s Killlon'so. 2.'10(1
.Mhtaken c of Cajetan for L. '.'.'w
Public c. expressed. 1077
Social c, IinpeilllcMl by. .'1.510
Hvv l>i:'l'i:sTATIilV.
Courage under d. Cromwell, 'l."*'!
Public d. of KutropluM, *\!>M
H.'c llo.MTIMTY.
.Supreme h.-Knmlty to Franco. •2(151
,3812
3!W
1.587
(100
07,'l
a
*2795
1052
Implacable h.-Koamn's oath
Sco l.NhKlNATltl.V.
Affected 1. -Napoleon 1.
Aroused by deception.
at Urlbery -Isaac Newton.
" -8. A. Douglas.
ExppoBsed by absence.
" -Patriotic 1.
Furious-Disguised man.
of (;ods oxpcctod-Pagans-Nllo. 091
Ill-timed l.~Invt^sllgatloii. 2995
Irrepresslblo-Ueo. Washington. ,50
Popular 1. at Dr jtailty. ;)()I8
" "" assassinators of ('. 10
" " " Clarendon. .3.H98
" " " murder of Becket.3.50."
" " " Stamp A<'t. ,3,52.-^
of Pride Samuel Johnson's. 43l!«
Public 1. at absenteo-(!oorge 11. 9
" " -Hrlbcry of Demos. 07.'
at Threatening of Gates. 279,^
Unuttered I. -Napoleon I. bGi>3
See WRATH.
Victim of w.-.Iews-Antlocl\UB. MX
See STKlKKm.il VENfui-WCS
in tin;.
HATS
Cniss-ruIVrci'-e
Difficulty in getting*, hpgland,2Z04
HAIIOHTI^KJIS.
Lordly h. of Sat ,r. *2,5!;7
Mlscollaneous crusa-referencc.
IIumbled-Klngly-Crorawell. 2623
See ARROGANCE.
Answered-CharlesV ♦SIO
tJhIIdlsh a. of Xerxes-Fetters. ♦320
Insulting a.-Attlla. *Z£l\
" -Charles V. ♦322
Boastful a.-DI.?abul the Turk.
Clerical a. In politics.
384
920
4929
Lofty a.-Attlla. Mtf
National a. Knullsli. XK)
Peril In a -llraddook's defeat. V7
s™ AS.sl'.MI'TKiN
lloastfiil a of Dlsalml tlie T. *a(H
Itobukod Bishop Cokn. UTNT
See CON I'I'.MACY.
Falie charge of r. llp.CrMnmer.SOtK
H.e CO.NTEMI'l' uml I'UI1*K
in Ivf.
IIKAII.
Criiptii ril'.Ti'iico.
KloiiKated-Perlcles. uo?
8e« HKPLL.
oinluoua discovery of n. SITU
■iKAi/rifl.
Following discase-Cholura, ♦8528
llorolsni without h. Wm. III. ♦'J52U
Prized by Arabs. ♦2n;it)
by Travel William Irving. ♦2531
Mliicelliuieoui cniM reference!.
Bath restores h. .Napoleon. ,3502
Cure for h. -Longevity. 3282
Dejection from bad h.-Pltt. 1515
Disordered by excitement. IIHI)
Disregarded by employers. iM
Kxposed at funerals. 2250
Inip,ilred by over-study. 8704
Imperilled by bath-.VIexander. 1U48
" garbage. 8828
Improved-Public -Sanitary. 3550
Longevity with feeble h. 3.320
in Old Age-Samuel Johnson. 123
I. .> '■ -"Tower undermined. "132
Preferred to dignity-Charles V.2027
-Diocletian. 202(k
Public h. impaired 52 years. 4191
ResioimK h. -'Fountain of Y." 0190
Suci-iflues fc.rh.( lollies. 225(1
Sue DIKT.
Cilciplictty in d.-John Howard. ♦IS^S
Frugal soldier's d.-Emp. Carus. 447
Importance of plain d. -Youth. (121',f
Life prolonged by d. 2171
an Obstacle-Young Irving. 273^
See DKAINAUK
Scheme of d. -Charles. ' ♦171"
Sujcess by d.-Homans. •1711
Agriculture Improved by d. 1711
Death by lack of d. 4158
Health by d.-Johu Howard. 41611
Opposition to d -Sportsmen. 112^
See WATKRIN<JPLA.:!E8.
Rustic w.p.-Englanrl. ♦5951
Uninviting w.-p. -England. ♦59.';.j
Pleasures of w.p -Old Eng. 4205
Suspicious dlet-nog-Kngla\i<r 2181
See BATH and PIIYSIOIAN ^ Joe.
HEARERS.
Unappreclalive h., Johnson's. ♦2632
See AUDIENCE.
Necessary for great oratory. 39.52
Speaker Impressed by a. 4882
HEARING.
Released from h.-C'ugr'g'tlon.*25a3
M5T«
|if). 417
2174
273-.
17U
415H
416.1
lliAi
*595f
*59,V.
4205
218-*
. JOf.
•2633
3!)r>3
4«2i
..*25a3
MliMM>lli4iii*(it)M oroM rt'fi'ri'lirtit.
Ihiliiniiliinl (III II h. I.iithrr. Wt7
I'revuiitiiil by ii|i|i<'tlt<t (.'litii. tiw
.•*»■• KAlts.
AtnpuUted ri. I'iinlithmt)iil. iOilii
Importniuiii <>( iv War. mm;
limull liy boxliiK ». ^
Tr(i|iliy III iiiii|iiiia(«(J e. MMIII
■IKAHT.
Ilrokun MiN4 I'MrnnKit. *IUWit
-Story Win. Irvlng'i. •«»)«
Ilardenitd .Ihiidk II KnhnlN. *mstl
IIoiiMMt li. a " f(irlri'H»"-H. I,'. •3r>.')7
I.'tllKllIK for (Itxl llliiiloii. *!<,'i])H
OtMliimiiih.Munleriir K<'rriiri.*!lAJtl)
Mlnri'lliii ii« cruurcfiTvlicot.
Htttlxr than Ki^iiluH. S.tan
Broken by Krlef ArtiixcrxoH. 8W7
' Ilonry II. ■um
KiilKmii of the human h. 8.111
Kvll h. conoealtid ( 'hiiN.thfl llud. IIUIII
Kallur« of h., Kxtfriitloner'ii. litVIt
Ilanli'iiitd by Nplllint; blood. \!V\7
I'oHtry without, h , (»ray"ii. 42IH
HuIIkIou of tliu h. M. l.uthiT. 14Hn
Sin of tht! h., OfffiiHlvc. ao)
8upri!ma(!y of tlio li, iiueditd. 8»1H
Way to tht! h. I.ovc.if nioihcrN.ll.'i
WountlM uiihralitd. 8iH)3
See EMOTION iinil IJISI'USITION
in Ido,
HRAHTM.
('nun rcfiTcnci".
King of h.'Cbark'N Talbot.
HKATHEN.
MIxci'llaiii'Mus i'ri«nri'fercnco8
CotiHcU'iicc uMHatl.<ll(id.
KiKhtM of h. tailored.
Sec PAGANISM.
Injurious by vice.
Overthrow of p. -Alarlo.
2333
♦3974
*aU7.-)
Overthrow of i).-'I'heodoHlu8. a.3!«i
See IDOLATRY uiiil MIHSIONAHY
in luc.
HKAVEN.
Carnal h -Mahoinet'H.
Division of h.-Hwedenborg.
Matorlallstlc h., UomwuU's.
Views of h.-.\daptattoD.
Visited by Mahomot.
Warrior's h.-S(^aiiilliiavlans.
♦8.M0
*2.M1
•3.543
•a.')43
•8.M4
•2.'i4.'i
MIbccIIuiicoiis cross-rcferencos.
Approachtnir near to h.-Taylor..34M
Children In h.-Swedenborjf. 0307
or llell-.Iohn Kunyan. loai
Infants In h.-8wedenbor(r. 2H1H
Letter from St. Paul to Pepin. 3100
Nearness to h. In sickness. ."ilSl
Visited by Mahomet. .3033
Women in h. -Mahomet. 3093
See I'AKAOTSE.
Drunkard's p.-AnolentUernr8.*.39K8
Barthiy p. In Damasous. *39H9
Languafce of p. -Persian. ^.3990
Mussulman's p.-Klve. ♦a991
Sensual p of Mahomet. •8992
IIKAItT-IIKUK.SY.
HtruiiKii P' Mtthimit'i.
*i»m
Adinlsxion to p by iplli.piy M 1(14:1
llHlli'f 111 p. IVrMluiiit. •j'j.M)
llrav«) iixn «<> to p. mn, nx,
lloroim' bloody p. I'ukhiiii. 1117
l.ttttHm iniit to p (lUUl.4. '.",',■)«
VP4. IVrdltlon, Whirhf mil
(^ualltI<iatloiiKrorp.-"(loodforu.".'l'..'
Vldonary p of CniHadorN iHXtt
U')M by h . Uiil.Niiiith'n. *4.MU
.Sen iaUKI,I':.-.s.\Kns m I,,,'.
IIKIU.
I'rim.* rcriTfiU'i.,
HUHpiuloUN h. of .liilMi'M It. ,'|.'i3N
H... i'UiM()(i|.;.\irrKi';
DUrcKardi'dlmild TnstiiiiK'nl 'liriO
Sif I.KIJAIV.
for (;hiii-.^ln'H l.'iih c'Diiliiry. ,',".i
of Political advliu- AllKUNtui. KIO
S,i. I.KUAf'IKM
<'hrl.HtUri 1. to Church. •;)ifi')
KaicernonH for I. Uomans. *:iik.|
Knrlolird by I. ciccro. •aiWi
Hfi' IMIKUI I ANI'K in /»< .
■IliliL.
Necossary I'roMt .\ .IhcUsdii. 'a-'ilT
Temporary h. .Mnlijimmcduii. •,'.')!«
Hollef In p. -Ancient Persians. 33.'>fl
.Mohammedan p. Seven hells. aviH
Fictitious h.-.lullaii the apost. •3.>49
Mlscollttiieous cross-rcfereiici's.
In Adversity.
Delayed till needless.
Divine h. iiei'deil Mneoln.
from (iod, the best .loan.
Necessary Hrlton's appeal.
Withheld makes manhood.
.'■)420
4(HM
VM)
30111
KWO
<''intnidli'tiid orleaii* prlncei.
of rrliiie ( ii-Hiir « family
Cruilly by b Nero
of DUpoNiiion Kreili'ili'k II
" " .Meluiirholy.
" " Nero
KiUiire of h. Croiuwell'i Ron.
of (letiliiK WuttM.
" " lllalse Pamuil.
In (lovernnieiit MoiiHrehy
h'einuli' line I.
Ineompeleiii'e by h (tohUmllh
In .Meeliiiiili'M Kiini Iiiillaii.
of ProfisHliiii III Mifypt
■■ Mhailieles»Me<H Keiillliand.
Si,. .WcKsl'olis,
llriiliklllv of a. ovi'i'lociki'd.
offi'iiei's piinlnhi'd In children.
Iti'KanI for ii Itiisslaiii*.
.H..,. A.NCKSTIIV.
Humble a. of poet Horace.
InetTuellvH a Prince Kiipert.
I'liliku a. Orleans princes
im
Vtiinirvtvrv}ict,
Pear of h.-.Sainuid .lohnson.
Hi'i- I'lriKlATOHV.
(Compensations of p.-Mohani. ♦4.'>no
Mohammedan p. Punishment.* i.'iHi
HELPKHN.
Dependence on h - Auxiliaries. •3.').W
Mlsci'lhiiu'oiis tTosH-rcfi'ri'iift'n.
.\oknowled>ted by I. Newton. KiHl
HepHlled by InslniHTlty. 2041
Sustained by I,iniM)ln. ,V3
Valuable- .Mds of Napoleon. 8881
Sec ASSlSTANCK.
Kner(tetlo a. of I'oinpey. *377
liefused wisely to son. 2(1.30
Ucsponse to Mahomet's call. I7.'i
See RKINKOKCEMKNTS.
Daniterousr.-Emlifranlslo Va.*4G(i6
.Self ALI.IANCK, CO.NTIU lU'TIO.NS
uikI 1'ATR0NA(!K ni Inc.
HEREDITY.
of Disposition-Frederick II. •S.l.'il
Failure of h.-Howard's father. ♦35.')2
Miscellaneous cross-references.
I of Character-Charles I. 3G38
8vr
IM7
'JOT!*
■iMI
.'IMMI
.'riNMI
.10ft7
'£»:>
Ifttl
34.M
Aim
xvfr
44HII
80(1(1
i;i.'M
(117.%
1134
•33(1
♦ •'•>T
liarbaro'is a. of Kiiropeans. 3710
Hase a. Wliehes and ileinons. 1,5^'m
character from a. (^. Kll/.abeth. 7lkl
" " Americans
Dcprii ,rd a., Nero's.
' a. coiifessi'd
Disreputable a. John XII.
Dl vl lie -Spurious SI le HUH.
licnius by a. .lohn Milton.
Ilap|iliies.4 afTeitted by a.
Humble a.-N. K. (iaiirlnl.
I " "-Diocletian.
I Nolijllly of a. desplsi'd Nap
I I'rido In honi'st a Napoleon.
i Saviiue a. of Kuropcuiis.
Selected a I'llKrlni I'alhers.
Cnfortuimte a. Charles I.
.See 111 HTM.
Accident of b. .Napoleon.
CoiKMMiled .Mohaininedan's.
Humble b., (iabrlnl's.
" " Diocletian's
Superior to b.-Uobert Hums.
Welcome b. -Napoleon's son.
rri
1.^38
3IH1(1
4.ior>
3;ix(i
33118
a'loo
tm
•Ml.')
;ni>3
■3.')»3
3719
3178
3028
•.■•)92
•,'.93
•.',94
•.IDS
••'.9(1
♦.'J97
Abilities more than b. 3735
Caste of h. Italians. T'32
C. lebrated shamefully. 12(10
llliiilrlous b. liiefrectlve-Uupert.330
-HonofN.r.»7
.Meiinness of b.-Plzarro. 041
Misfortune by b.-Clmrles I. ,3628
" " " Pretender." 0823
Sec I'ATKKNITV.
Inferred by condiu't. •4026
See I'AKKNT in loc.
HH;ltE!«Y.
Fined for h.-Donatlsts by Catli.*2.').')3
IlautiiiK h.-lioi;er Williams. 'XM
Madness at li. -Philip II. •2555
Suppressifm of b. by law. *25.')6
Mlscelliineons cross-references.
Champions aeatnst, >i. .lesults. 3900
Far-fetched h.->Ioan of Arc. 17'3C
vs. Mailenancy Parental. 31189
Punished for h. -William Pcnn. 3970
800
HERETICS— HOME.
RuacllDK the Bible a b -U. IIunnu.5T2
Holentlfio h. of Uuliloo. r)787
Toleration of h. U. Williams. 5«38
Sec IIKTEKODOXY.
Evidence of h. In trifljs. *8571
HEHKTICM.
Terrtaed-Bmnde(l-Nakedne88.*2557
VenKeance atralnst h. -Corpse. *3.')5H
MUeclhiniouii crosareferenc*.
Pretext for i)erHe(MitlnK h. 6073
S>f AI'USTASY.
Open a. of Honmnug. *'i61
Primitive a. by persecutfin. ♦Ssa
Kiiconra^ed by iaw-Maryland.
Explained InoouslstoLjy.
Di.-ii;r(iditai)lB a. ''rote.stant.
Koactlon of forced converts to
Kequlred of officer.
Sei' Al'O.STATE.
Honored unwisely.
Shameful a. -Justus.
See A1"(!STATES.
Forirlven by Primitive C.
,4110
2774
l!);«i
a.020
1471
3177
1369
*a^3
Malice of a.- KniKlits Templars. 19.39
" " " -Julian's. 2549
See PEK.SKCrTION in loc.
HKRraiT.
Myterloua h. ot Niagara Falls. *!J5.59
HERO.
Patriotic h. -William Wallace. *8,')60
Unsurpassed h.-Muley Moluc. *2561
Miscelhitii'ous cross-references.
Admlred-Beiisarius. 1686
Cbristian h. -Thomas Lee. 1571
Contempt for cowardice. IS.'il
Daring of h. -.Sergeant Jasper. 2151
Delfled-Claudlus Britannlcua. 2706
Described-Charles XII. 1970
Encouraged-Martin Luther. 1879
Terrifying h.-Klchard the Lion 3770
Dead h.-SoIyman invoked. ♦2.568
for Freedom-L'duverture. *25r.3
See HKROISM.
Admirable h.-Lafayette. ♦2564
" -Prln<!e Conde. ♦2565
Patriotic h. -Chevalier Bayard. *2.')66
Persistent h. -Mohammedan. ♦2.567
In Suffering-Lord Nelson. ♦2.568
Tarnlshed-Benedlct Arnold. ^2.569
Unfaltering h.-Jas. Lawrence. ^2570
Brave h. of Devereu.x. C51
" " " Orenville. 652
Christian h . -Josuit missionaries.3508
Invalid's h -Wm. P. of Orange. 2529
Missionary h.-Jesuits. 3636
" -M. B. Cox. 3643
TS. Hobility-Nelson. 5915
Patriotic h. -Citizen. ^ 4068
"-Pomponius. ' 4069
of Soldier's h.-Phllip 5945
Unappreciated hv Continental C.176
HKROIiNE.
^''.scelUiH'Oiis crDsB-references.
Revenge of h. -Hannah Dqstin. 3729
Kevenge of h -"Capt. Molly." 4078
Sic (;()fr.A(JE mill MAIU'YU.S
in lor.
HETBROUOXY.
Evidence of h. In trUles. ♦2571
See IIEKESY i»i loc.
HINDRANCE.
MiscellanuiMis crD.HK-rLTerenCPS.
of Criticism- Abraham Lincoln. 99
Official h. Konse(ta-''olunibu8. 3900
See m.oCKADE.
bv Chains-Consiiiiitin'plo by M.*005
of Death-Corpst's Cii'-iir. ^600
See OIISTACI.KS.
Overcome by perscverance-D. 3949
See OBSTKl'CTION.
Legislative o.-Uomaiis. ♦MSSe
Misguided o. -Scots. 975
.See DIKFIcl'I/riES and OPPOST-
TION in loc.
HIS i'ORY.
Divisions of h. -Ancient and m
Fictitious h. -Ancient Britain.
" "I'ocahontas.
" " -Newton's apple.
Influence of h.-N. Uienzl.
Misinterpreted, Cromwell's h
Mistakes of )i. -Cromwell.
Overioiikcd-Senator Yulee.
Partiality of li.-T Cromwell.
I'rovidence in h. -Battle.
iJewritten h., O. Cromwell's.
Uomanoe of h. -Battle of II.
Slandered by h., Christians.
Voluminous h. about S.
.♦2572
♦2,57.3
♦2574
♦2575
♦2570
♦2577
♦2578
♦•2.57!)
♦2.580
♦2,5H1
♦2.582
♦258-)
♦2584
♦2585
Miscellaneous CToss-refereiioes.
Attraction of h. to Gibbon. 6205
Coincidence in h.-H'm'lus and T.907
Contradictions of h. -Cromwell. 2921
Corrected-C'romwell's h, 3921
Crisis in h.-Mahomet v.s. ('hrist,2187
Exaggerations of h. -Adulation. 21.5(i
Fiction of h.-Romulus. 242.5
i^oreshadowed-Amerlcan h. 4783
Greatest event-Fall of Rome. 1549
Omissions of h.-Mrs. Adams. 6058
" "" -Com. people. 3524
Parallels in h.-Jullan-James 11.2727
Prejudice in h.-Dionysius. 4411
Providence in American h. 902
" li.-James II, 4551
" " -N. E, Pllgrims.4.552
" "-"l^ewPr'nce."3787
Turning-point in EngMsh h. 6r«
Unwritten h.-Forgotten-Attila,3311
HOAX.
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Successful h„ T. Hood's. 20.58
Victim of h.-O. Ooldsmifa. 2601
HOAXES.
Success by h.-W. Irving. *2j86
See THICK hi loc.
HOBBVIST.
Rldiouled-C'iumlnis. ♦2587
See E.NTIIUSIASM in loc.
MI^'celluneous cross references.
Poor h.-One Idea, that wrong. 2910
Speakeis-Cato-Sclplo. 1899
HOLIDAY.
CniBS-reference.
Perverted-Christ mas a fa8t-day.4704
See UEt'UEATION in lao.
HOLINESb.
Fictitious h. of Maliomet.
♦2688
HOIiY SPIRIT.
Professed-Mahomet. ♦2.589
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Dishonored by Crnsuders. 237
Reveals God (^lakers. .5307
Witness of the II. S.-Wesley. 6034
See SI- 1 KIT.
Impelling S.-(Jeorge Fox. •5300
Teachings of the S.-t^uakeri. ♦5307
See IXSI'IKATIUN in loc.
HOmAGE.
Disgusting h. of James II.
Un^urpassed-S. Johnson's.
♦2590
♦2591
Miscellancone cross-references.
Refused by Crusader. 891
to Vanity of Diocletian. 26
" " " Greek emperors. .59
See KNKEL1>J.
to God only-Alex. Murray. ♦3085
2590
♦4817
Disgusted by king's k.
See KKSl'ECT.
Beneficial-Samuel Johnson.
See KEVEKKNCE.
Excessive r.-Wm. Pitt. ^4867
Filial r.-Alexander. ♦4868
for Parents-Ancients. '4869
Religious r. -Pagans. ♦4870
for Animals-Egyptians. 2171
" Clergy excessive-Ferd. 11. 921
I'lxcessive religious r.-Pagans. 4870
Foolish r.-Sacred goose-Goat. 6151
for Relics-Religious. 4676
4678
Restraint of r. -Repairing temple.87C
Superstitious r. for the Bible. 585
HomE.
Beautifled-Walter Scott's. ^2592
Common Riwnan h. described. ♦2693
Deserted-Londoner's h. ♦8594
Palatial h.-Roman. ^2595
Shaded-Puritan's h. ♦2696
Thoughtful of h.-A. Lincoln. ^2597
Mlscellr.neous cro.«s-references.
Bloody h.-Palace of the Cajsars.2072
a Castle, Poor man's h. "'42
('ourtesy at h.-A icients. 4869
Desolated by death-J. Watt. 562
Expelled from li. for piety. 1063
Inferior to English inn, 2876
Invention benefits li. dishc. 2973
Mistaken-Oliver Goldsmith. 609
Protected, Poor woman's. 3057
Religious training at. li.-W. 18i9
h.-Puritan-Cromweli,8919
IJemembranceof h.-Gen. Fraser.183
»a6H8
♦2B89
S37
r)307
6034
♦5300
♦5307
♦a590
*8591
891
•M
a. no
*308r)
2590
•4817
*4867
♦48C8
•4809
•4870
llOMIvLIFE— 1U)N()I{S,
•8592
id.*2593
•2594
•2595
•2596
. *2597
ars.2073
-'42
4869
562
1063
2876
. 8973
609
3057
18i9
rell.3919
iser.182
Ruined by war-Nlcetad's h. 8211
vs. the Htate .loHfpliliio'g <l. 178
Transfornied-tiHi'lbaUirs h, 4042
Wastedby death -Sir W. Scott. J90
HOniK-LilFE.
of SaTaKes-Aiii. Indians. •2598
HOinES.
Filthy-EnRland, year 1509.
Robbed of h.-Clierokees.
•2699
•2600
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Banistiment from h. -Arcadians. 448
Bulldlnftof li.-riymouth. 504
Destitute h.- EuKllah laborers. 3123
Destitution of l\.-Old Entfland. 2858
Discord in palatial li. l«2(i
Fiiiliy li. of Irisli poor. 1510. 1511
Humbie ii.-Tartars. 3978
of the Poordejrraded-En(tland. 4293
Unattractive h. -Spartan. 1764
See KE,SIDEN(;E.
Intolerable r.-London. ''4807
See FAMILY in ioc.
HOJTIK-SICKNESS.
Cross- rcfereiices.
Sorrows of h.s.-Chinese women. .Wia
Victims of h.-s.-IMzarro's men. 820
HONESTY.
Assumed-f'chman-Goidsmith,
Confessed- Sir C. Shovel,
of C'onvietions-Wm. Penn.
Ludicrous h. -Diary.
OfiBcial h.-Abubelier.
Promotion by h.-Pompey.
Publlt h. in Italy,
in Public ilfe-O. Cromwell.
Punlshed-Lascarls II.
Scarcity of h.-Plato.
Unquestioned-Washington.
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Aversive to h. -Politicians.
Chiidisli h. to Robert Burns.
Conspicuous h.-Portiand.
Contentment favors h.
Poverty a proof of h.-Scipio.
Renown for h.-Aristides.
Uncorrupted-Opportunlty.
Unpopular-Aristides.
See CANDOK.
Christian c. in discussion.
See FIDELITY.
Tested-Crown rejected.
•2601
•2002
•2603
•2604
•2005
•200C
•2G07
•2008
•2009
•2610
•2011
1840
1978
1214
1207
1948
4762
2285
4374
•705
•2128
of Animal-Soldier's dog. 357H
Confidence In f.-Frederick. 1247
Humble f.-Pompey's slave. 22,')3
Oath of f. to Mahomet. 3835
" "" -Roman soldier. 3as8
Political f. ill rewarded. 2854
Remarkable f.-Slaves. 5199
" "-Tndlans-Penn. .5700
Rewarded with treachery. 28,j0
of Slaves of Cornutus. .5361
to Truth rewarded. 2040
Unfailing f.-Napoleon's grave. 22.39
Sec INTEGRITY and SINCERITY
in loc.
HONOR.
Appeal to h. of Claudius.
Dangerous h.-Euip. of Rome.
Debts of h. -Gamblers.
Humility with h.-Youtig B.
Misplaced h. -Major Andre.
National h. of Uomaiis.
Test of h. -John II., tlio Oood.
Vanity of h.-tiueen Mary,
in War-Napoloon.
*sm8
*2«i;)
♦2014
•2615
•2010
•2017
•201H
♦8019
•2020
MlsoellaneoiiH cross-references.
Appeal to soldier's h. Manner.
" " h.. Successful.
Crown of h. -Roman.
Defence of h. -Insult.
Defended by combat-Oauls.
by Destruction of others' h.
Disgraceful h.-Arlstldos.
Distrust of personal h.
for Goodness-Medici.
Gov"t by h.-MonarchIe.<.
Honor for honor-l'omponius.
Increased-Iron-Gold crown.
Misapplied h.-T. Oatec.
Misplaced h. -Claude Duval.
Motive of h. vs. Money.
Noble sense of h -Socrates.
Obligation of h. -Promises.
Office, Complimentary.
Posthumous h. of Weoster.
Restraints of h., Arab's.
" " " -Am. Savage.
-Robber.
Revenged dishonorably.
Seductive h. -Golden rose,
a Snare Cicsar's crown.
Stolen h. -Crown of England,
for StrangtMy-Am. Indians,
above Strategy-Persians,
.iupremacy of h.-Regulus.
Tarnished h. declined.
Terrifying h.-Emp Jullanua.
Transferred to Jupiter,
in Victory-Alexander.
War for h. -Trojan,
in Warfare-Mohammedans.
Won In early life-Napoleon.
Wounded h.- Women-Beards.
HONORS.
Burdensonie-( ; runt-Alfonso.
Compulsory-Saturuluus.
Demanded by Cromwell.
Miserable- Aged Titus.
Premature h. of Bolivar.
Reslaned-Emp. Diocletian.
" -Charles V.
rnoxpected-Sallie Thompson
ITnmerited-Emp. Carlnus.
Won bymcrlt-" Win his s."
0,-)l
2012
1321
2!Kin
•M:,^
.wo
4871
3112
8177
2I.'.5
4l)(i!)
i;i;t<)
270(1
4923
4H87
3117
4.')05
3872
703
21147
2tHS)
8018
4790-
2101
1323
1327
20.'-) I
.53.52
noHi
.3409
3072
1.328
.'•)H20
5910
5937
018(1
2890
♦2021
♦2022
•2023
♦2624
•2025
•202ti
♦2027
♦262H
♦202!)
♦2030
Mlscellanoo\i8 cross-refereiici-s.
from Abroad-Lombards. 2645
in Agriculture-Anglo-Saxons. 720
Bestowed on animals-^E. 2178
" " goose. .5451
" the vicious-A. 1250
Burdensome-Lincoln. 247
for Crimlnals-Soots. 1.300
Dangerous-Violent death. 14.54
Declined-Crown-Cromwell-W. 1322
Declined Cruwii cjr.-iir.
Divine to Dcinitrlu.',
Endiingered by h. (.'romwell.
Sfil
132;l
21.57
;iOrt
370
1329
ma
2040
2251
22.52
82.'i4
21 H7
60.)3
407
1325
30.^()
2110
50117
22H0
3870
3751
Envied -Demosthenes.
Exctiiinged, Pitt vs. Chatham,
for Faithfulness to truth.
Funeral Ciesar's.
" -Egyi)tlans.
" -Lincoln's.
Ill-proportioned Martel.
Literary degrees undeserved.
Lost by delay-Spartans,
for .Merit-C'oii mat 1(111.
McriltMl by benevoleiu-e J. H,
Misapplied (ieorge Vllllers.
-Pocahontas.
.Misplneed Olympic games.
-Emperor Claudius
Music brings f -Ki/.zio.
Oppoitinilty of h. Black I'linco. 170
Received reluctautly-Pertlnax's.KiS
Ueslured to Cicero. 10."iS
Sale of h. invented. 5029
.ulf Imposed Napoleon. 1320
Selfishness In seeking h. 5078
Surrender for virtue. 0,so
of Triumph Magnificent. 5719
TroubU^some-Golden crown. 1329
rMappreclaled-Cromwell's s. 5U.')7
Liideserved-a Fanner. 3177
I'nenjoyed Milton's. 3.'ili)
I'nsatisfactory h.-HIgh ofTice. 1.^3
Vanity of h. (ineen Mary. 2019
Vexatious h. -Napoleon. 7.")1
Vice receiving h. Emp. Carlnus. 2029
Viciously beslitwed on Nero. 4.'i25
Wearlsonie-Cromvsx'll's. 2170
Withdrawn-Cromwell's. 4M.'Jl
WIthheld-John Cabot. » 991
Sfu COUONATIDN.
Ceremony of c. -Kings of Fr'ks. + 1190
a Personal act -Napoleon. ♦1197
Festival of c of Edward I. 2127
See DKlMl'AIUi:.-^.
Multiplied In Viri;iiiia Colony. ^1588
Sfe KMINKNCK.
Cowardly e.-Enip. Ilonorius. •1807
by Worth Henry Wilson. ^1808
by Adverslty-.\braham Lincoln. 83
in .Mlegory of .lohn liunyan. 168
" Art, Superior e. .347
" ■' " " -Raphael. 3i8
" S(;lf-sacrifu'e-Bishop Coke. 15V(>
Sec K.\ME.
Belated-J. Q Adams. ♦2010
by Competition -Win. Parry. ♦2017
Costly-Sir W. Scott. ♦'2018
by Discovcry-N. W. passage. ♦2(M:)
Distant f.-Llncoln In Italy. ♦'2().-iO
Impostor's-TllusOates. ^2051
by Infamy-Assassin of Nap. *20.52
Locality for f.-Napolcon In E. •20.-,3
Perverted-Memory of C. ♦20.M
Posthumous-Columbus. ♦2055
Regarded-" What will h. say?"^20.-,0
Sudden f. of Byron. ♦2057
' -Bemer's St. Hoax. •20.58
Trials of f.-W. Scott. ♦8059
862
HOPE— HUMANITY.
Undeslrcd-Einp. Miixlrnus. ♦80<i0
Ambition for t -Tlicmistocles. 180
Ambitious for f Trajuti. aWV
(;ontra(llctloii-Oreat v». M. 8485
Delayed-MiltonH f. S3S6
Desired next to power. 195
Dlmliil8hiDK-Thirty authors. &SUI
Diminution of f. a47(l
Inureasine poHthumou.s-Burns. S.MH1
Literature nocessnry to f. aill
Merited-Frederick IF. 6808
Misappropriated -('liaH. Leo. 4789
Monuments of f.-Pyramids. 236.5
NcKiect followed by f. 3a70
Omission of f.-T. Cromwell. iom
Passion for f.-Tiiomistoclos. 189
-Fred, the Great. 808
without Popularlty-n. Clay. 4310
Toil for f.-Virftil. S341
U.ide.slral)le f.-8hame. 80fi3
Wide-extended f. of Wash. 308i
.xoc OLOUY.
Departed g. of Portutfuese. ♦3362
Kndurlnj; g. of goodness. *2363
False K.-Edward III. ♦2364
ForRotien-l'yramld builders. *2:itiri
to (Jod only-Cromwell. ♦3366
Military g.-Kmperor Trajan. ♦3367
In Acquirinpr wealtn-Cato.
432
Af?e of K. -Saracens.
3782
Departure of national g.-Eng
87
to God alone-Cromwell.
2366
of Goodness, Lasiingg.-A.
2363
" "John the Good
"2618
Love of B; Woraan's-Dustln.
3729
Soo GREAT MKN.
Courting g. m.
*3579
Periods of g. m.
♦3.580
Providential.
♦3.581
'*
♦a582
Colncldencc-Romulus and T. 967
Dishonored-Columbus. 1648
-Ad. Blake. 16.57
Example of g.m. -Conversation. 1170
Overpraised-Pompey. 4370
Weakness of g.ni.-D'mosth'n's..5i).59
Sc! HANK.
Plea for social r. by Johnson. ♦4612
Sec RENOWN,
for nonesty-Arlstldes. ^4762
of Infamy-Erostratus. ^4763
Literary r.-Samucl Johnson. *4764
Noble r. -Pericles. ♦4765
by Architecture-PericloH. 1769
Sou SKRENADE.
Response to s.-A. Lincoln. ♦SlIS
See AMBITION. CROWN, DTSTINC-
TION, KAMK, ORKATNESS
ami HOMAGE in loc.
HOPE.
Happiness in h.-S. Johnson. ♦2631
a Treasure -Pe-dlcods. ♦2632
Mi3celI:ineo\i8 cross-references.
Delusion of Parental h. 4002
Enchantment of h. -Goodyear. 41.54
V8. Experience-Marriage. 3481
947
Cross-reference.
Climate affects h.
See FRTUT.
Costly f.-Rassian Court supper. 4.52
Small f. commended much. 3593
Suggestive-Apple-Newton. C185
See AGRICULTURE in loc.
HOSPITAL.
Cro.sa-ri'fereiicc.
Patients maasacred-Tlmour.
1388
HOSPITALITY.
Appreciated Komaii. ♦20.39
without Charitr-English. ^2640
Courtly h.-Louis XIV. ^2641
Duty of h.-Arab's tradition. *3643
False h. -Exposed Roman. ♦2643
In the Gravo-Indlau burial. 3361
of Liberty-a Crime. 32.'J4
Sorrow in loss of parental h. 400.5
Hfrongthencd l)v li.-S. Adams. 1029
a Treasure- Alexander. 5<i99
Vlrtue-Varro despaired rot. 1009
IIOPKS.
CroHS-rcft'rciu'i'.
False h.-" Land 1 land I' KiOS
See E.\I'K(;TATI()N.
Delusive o. of Columbus. ^1984
See E.YI'ECTATIONH.
Popular e.-ClvIl War. ^1985
Sie OI'TIMISM,
Disconcerted by earthquake. 2437
See CONFIDK.NCE liuil TRUST
in toe.
HORROR.
Mlsci'lliineous crosH-references.
Death from hi-Cruclty. 1342 I
Overcome by h. -Executioner. 1979
I'ubllo h. -Executions. 46;w
L'nmanned by h.-Noro. 1418
See DETESTATION in loc.
HOICSB.
an Hoiiored-G. Washington's. ♦2633
Misct'Uaneous crosa-ref --fences.
Abused-Drawlng by the tail. 4,55
Affection for h. -Inseparable. 278.5
Better than rider. 1088
Children trained to use of h. 1771
Endurance of h.-lOO mlles-P. 1894
Food for man-Tartars. 2173
Knowing- Vlclous-Caesar's h. 3400
Managed by genius of Alex. 6
vs. Philosopher-Newton. 20
Pretence of knowledge of h. 2020
Torrifled by Columbus's h. .'i^l63
Won in battle-Lannes. 6-18
HORSEIflEN.
Expert h. -Scythians. *2034
HORSES. j
Care of h., G. Washington's. ♦20.35 |
in War-Captu,e of Troy. +2630
Seu CIRCUS.
Captivated by the c -Woman. 216
Passion for the c. -Romans. 221
HORTICIJIi rURE.
Pleasures ot h.-Theodoric. ♦26.37
" '* " -Napoleon. ♦2638
Forgotii'ii by Benedict Arnold. ♦2644
Painful h. -Son's murderer. ♦2645
Reluctance In h.-"I hate to." ♦2646
Sacred h.-S'p'rst't'n of Arabs. ♦2647
" "-"Salt"-OiloMtals. ♦26-18
of Savages to Columbus. ♦2649
Spirit of h.-Derrlck. ♦20.50
Universal h.-.Vm. Indians. ♦2651
Ml»(ii'll:incous cross-references.
Compllmuntt'(l by gluttony. 2639
Delay by h. of Mary LIndley. 6115
DrunkuMucss by h. 2936
Obligation follows b.-Sylla. 3820
Poor \v(!lc()ined to Clmon's h. 529
Refused by mlstake-Eng. M'nk8.217
Remunerated Dy prayers. 610
Rewarded with cruelty. 2850
Unexpected res its of h.-Whltney.28
Vioiated-Adulterer. 2876
Sec (il'EST 111 (oc.
HOSPITALS.
Mohammedan h.-Imarets.
Cniss-rcferpnce.
Mohammedan b.
♦2652
524
HOSTAOE.
Safety by h.-Montezuma-C. ♦*653
HOSTAGES.
Cr()s.-i-ri'rurence.
Children for h. -Captive Ooths. 810
HOSTILITY.
Supremo li. -Enmity to France. ♦2654
('ross-reference.
Implacable h. -Roman's oath. 3842
See HATRED and STRIFE
in loc.
HOTELS.
First established h. -England. ♦2655
Ooss- reference.
Perilous h. -Cannibals-France. 3077
See INN.s.
Attractive l.-Old English. ♦2876
Despotic landlord-L. Philippe. 784
Indulgences .<old at I. 8803
HUraANITY.
Common h. -Sinful.
Deifled-Personof Caesar.
Dwarfs of h.-Lunarians.
Generous h.-S. Johnson.
♦2650
♦2657
♦2658
♦2669
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Degraded by idolatry. 2173
Devotion of self to h. 4430
Disdain for wretched h. 26.56
Enemy of h. -Philip II. of S. 902
Oneness of h. -Babes. 3.587
Trained to h., Children. 8393
Unexpected h. of Cortez. 1106
I'lilformity of dispositions. I'iSl
of Women-War. 6105
See MANKIND.
Distrusted by Charles II. ^3412
Inequality of m.-S. Johnson. ♦3413
Prosperity of m. -Period. ♦3414
Benefactors of m.-R. Bacon. 1101
HUMILIATION— IIUMOIt.
my.i
I.
3639
6115
2'J36
38S0
529
ik8.817
610
2850
Dey.28
2SJ76
Pttested by m.-CiBBar Borfcia. •I2a5
Knthuslasin for welfare of ru.-L.S10
Ha'red toward m.-Fulse charge. 1358
liegard for m.-AHstotle'B alms. 779
SeoCOMrASSlON and MAN
iu 1(k:.
HUiniLIATION.
Abjact h. of Clarendon. *8600
Barbarous h.-Timour. *26«1
by Defeat- RomauH by S'mn't's.*2C0a
with Insult-IIenry VI. ♦2«n
Insupportable h.-Ooldsmlth. *2()0-l
National h. by Jumea II.
Painful h. of Attalus.
Proof of h. -Indian gauntlet.
Koyal h. of Barbarossa.
-Henry II.
♦2WJ5
*2tiU0
*2ti07
♦20(18
♦2069
Miscellaneous croas-refernu't's.
Abject h.-Bursesses of Calais. 4639
in Advensity-Poverty. 2810
Apo.state Christians Per8'cution.2.")3
Appointment for h. of Cassar. 275
an Author's h.-Fred. the Great. 403
" "-S. Johnson. 405
Before Diocletian by subjects. 26
" Qreelt emperors. .TO
of c;oward3-Be,irds half sh'v'n. 1280
Dt'KradinK h.-Erap. of Rome. 2197
Demoralized by h. -Cicero. 4.370
Deplored by Charles of Anjou. 82
Difficult-Louis XIV. 2(123
by Discourtesy-Coughing. 3719
Disgraceful to ChHS. I., by Finch. 60
Dread of h.-Soldter-Montcalm. 1455
Exposed-Ottocarus II. I.'i87
by Failure-Minister. 2023
Fatal h.-Tetzel reproved. 1888
Filial h. to Fulk the Blaclc. 106
by Oeneroslty-Offensive. 2356
Lesson of h. improved. 2024
Memorial of h. at Rome. 249
National h. by ruler. 1978
"-Soots. 57-16
for Office-Disgraceful. 1248
Official h.-Lord i larendon. mwj
Painful h. of Oliver Goldsmith. 2064
" " -Speaker Trevor. 1214
Penitential h.-Henry II. 4104
" "-Emp. Theodosius. 4105
Preserve! by daily blows. 1366
byRrtbuke-"Be less." 3965
Required for absolution. 2889
Resented-Fellows of M'gdal'n C.248
" -James II. to Pope. 2,')90
Scandalous h. -Picture. 1661
Shameful b.-Neck of emperor. 2.527
" -Emp. Vitellius. 3879
" of fcubjects to r'i'ty. 751
Shameless h. for life. 2119
by Subordination to wife. 3892
Substitute iu h. 1.586
Unresented-Orleans princes. 2&S3
Sec CROSS.
Emblems of the Christian c. *1317
Protection of the c. -Roman L.*1318
Recovered-Holy relic from P. *1319
Victory by thec.-Con8tantlne.*1320
Peace by the blood of the c.
I'ruclous relics of the c.
Ht'Wcn of lilt) c.-Nall»-Hpear.
Itival c.-" Indulgence Cross."
Saved by the c.-\VhlteUeld.
True c. captured by Persians.
Victory by sign of c. ('on.
See Dl.SdRACK.
Humiliating d.-I,ic iit M
Insupportable d. -Clotilda.
Punishment by d. in Denmark
Unmerited d. -Columbus.
1175
4672
1047
827
4770
324
1721
♦1615
*l(il(l
*lti-l7
*16I8
12(17
Charmed c.-" Agnus Del."
Fraudulent o. -Relics.
7a3
4072
of Defeat-Montcalra.
" " -Horai'O Greeley,
in DisappointmeiH-IIimry III.
of Pride-Oliver (ioldsmlth's.
Ovorwlielmlug h. -Roman army.2662
'•-Traitor. 2705
Punishment by s.-AU'xander. 2148
Vice without s. Nobll'.ty. 05
of Woni^ii overlooked. 8712
See KKKKAT, l.NSl'l.T and UK-
rUOACII ill Uii\
Anger of d., Teriifying.
Augmented by pei-rfcverance.
Branded on the c^heek-Womcn
in Breaking caste-India,
of Cowardice-" White feather.
-" LItf.e King."
" " -Daniel. .Scott.
Fear of d. -Controlled by.
Humiliating d.-Foot on neck.
IndifiFeren(!e tod. -Both well.
Removed-Persecution.
Self d. of Ferdinand.
Shameful d. -English gent.
Solitude in d. -Coward king.
Terror of d. -Soldiers,
Unmerited d.-Helijilous joy in.
" "-from ancestry.
"Mini.ster-Tlieft.
of Woman, AdnlKiry the great. 3430
See DISIIOXOK.
Insensible tod -Princes of Sp. 'KKO
Posthumous d.-.\d. Blake. *16.'''7
Recompensed-Cicero's return.*10!)8
Disguised In poiiiics. 062
Posthumous d.-Crm well's body. 085
Reward of d,-Hn. Hall aband'ned. 2
Vices bring d.-l'Imp. Eluirabalus.ilOO
See DlSl'AHAC.KMKNT.
Intellectual (l.-O. Goldsmith. *1004
See MOKTIKICATION.
by Failure-Castlemaine. '►3719
Hateful m. -James II. *37'20
. 5791
3,537
"1'271
1272
127;)
4611
:;iK8
2(M0
2000
4010
1207
I'J.'iO
21.M)
225
1081
HI iniLITV.
christian h. St. Hernaid.
■' (iodfrey.
Mohammedan h. -Mahomet.
and I'ride united. -Becket.
VIetov's h. Charles VIII.
Wisdom by h.-Am. pioneers.
1494
4281
1911
2203
44.53
" " " " 44,55
See INDIGNITY.
Deserved I. by Juba in court. *2796
Base i. to dust of Ad. Blake. 1(1.57
Humiliating i. -Captive Bajazet.2(161
the Reward of presumption. 4444
See SHAME.
Consummate s.-Ferdinand. *5125
Burdens iife-Martyr IIuss. 1964
by Drink-Officials. 2947
Heredity of s.-Ferdinand. 2006
Indifference to s. -Common vice. 3243
Indifferent to s.-Charles II.
for Ingratitude-Thebans.
Insensible to s. -Henry Vltl.
" " "-Peversham.
Life of s. overlooked.
National s.-Eng.-Reign of Ed.III.87
♦2070
*J071
*26T2
•2673
♦267»
♦2675
♦2076
MlscelUiiieous eniss references.
Apparent li -Agexllaus.
Characteristic h.-J. Howard.
Exhibition of h.-Mahonu!t.
Farcical li. of pirates.
Fictitious h.-Ueslguatlon of A.
of Oeiuus Ca-siir.
Honor received with h. -Byron.
Ineaiiable of h. -Alexander.
Knowledge b> li.
-Dr. Coke.
Pious h. -Jupiter crowned.
" " Cromwell's prayer.
Surprising h. of Pliilopu'inen.
Voiv of h.-Constanllne.
See MKKKNKSS.
Cl-,rlstian m. -Godfrey de B.
Christian m. In reproof.
Ilusbund's in. Rumford.
Martyr's ni -Taylor at stake.
Philosophic m.-I'iato.
Power of Christian m.
In l{eproof-l)r. Taylor.
Victory by m.-Uyc urgus.
See MMDKSTY.
Conspicuous-Ben j. Franklin,
of (ieiilus-Isaac Newton.
Hero's m.-(iarihiil(ll.
Unopposed-John Howard.
4440
4372
3015
1114
.'iSiO
;ih81
4447
2615
1073
6368
3090
1328
14;!4
258
1011
♦3556
2787
8462
679
1314
2350
4779
3264
♦3647
♦3648
♦3649
♦3050
Blushing young man bated. 6178
of Genlus-Socratcs. 3563
Heroic m. of Charles XII. 1970
Importance of m.-Cato and M. 107
Noble m. of Isaac? Newton.
See KESEKVE.
Social r.-S. Johnson.
SeeTNWOKTlIINKSS.
Oppressed by sense of u.-B.
1631
♦4806
♦5753
Sense of sinner's u. 1088
See REI"KNTAN(;E and RE'VTIR-
ENCE ill Inc.
HumoR.
Admlred-Abraham l^incoln. ♦2677
Fondness for h.-A. Lincoln. ^2678
Miscellaneous cniss-refercnces.
VS. Earnestness-Miicoln. 1756
Subdued by h. -Amazon. 1933
See HOAX.
Successful h. -Thomas Hood's. 2058
Victim of h.-Ollver Goldsmith. 8601
864
HUNOER-IDOLATUY.
See HOAXEa.
Deserted-Montfort.
1858
Sec INSINCERITY.
Suooeas by h.-W. Irving.
♦8586
Disgraced by shameless wife.
6063
Blemish of i.-Cicsar.
♦2886
8ee JOKE.
Disgusting to C'ath. II.
3450
of Jesuits-Dissembling.
♦8887
Aooopted-" Worthy to bear."
♦3024
Distressod-Murt'T-Taylor.
2073
in PollMos-Newcastle.
Gentle h.-G. Wasliington.
4781
1679
Praotloal j. on OoldHmlth.
2601
Grief of bereaved h.-Jefferiion.24fiii
Political i. -James II.
4258
See .JOKES.
Ilumlllated-Wm. P. of Orange. 1984
Reaction of 1. -Charles I.
1676
Praotioal J. -Frederick the G.
♦3025
Infamous h. -Byron.
Inferiority of Peter of Russia
346.')
3450
it It It It (1
Repels assistance.
1877
2041
Abuse Lif friends by j.
•8025
Insulted in his wife.
84H9
See DECEI'TIOX, FRAUD and
See LAUGHTER.
Power In l.-Palmerston.
1311
Jef lous of Andrew Jackson.
34,VJ
IMPO.vroK (11 loc.
See LEVITY.
Lord of tlie house.
1700
IDF.AL.
Charaoterlstlo 1. -French.
♦3109
Moneyless h. preferred.
3407
Cnisn reference.
Contrasted-EnK. and French.
♦3200
Negligent h. won-Wm. III.
0007
God of Plato an 1.
2373
1. 788
Nolilo h. -General Jackson.
Reproached unjustly.
5999
2876
lOEAI^IST.
Cruss-rt'I'erence.
Fictitious l.-Mary wife of Wn
See MIUTIL
Revenged by murder of J. XII. 66
Political i.-John Milton.
4357
iJI-tlmed m. of O. Cromwell.
♦3027
Ruled by affection.
3358
See SMILE.
" " wife-nellsarlus.
2080
IDEALISTS.
Resented by Timour.
♦5214
' and child-Themis. 792
CroHS- reference.
See WIT.
' -(iarriok.
1683
VS. Practical life- Philosophers. 4167
Dangerous w. -Claudlan.
♦6029
-George n.
8683
See THEORY.
Quick w., Woman's-Charlos I.*(!030
" " " -Marlborough.
6058
False t.-Arlstotle.
8015
Shameful h.
5177
vs. Practlce-Phllofophy.
4370
Failure in w.-Goldsmlth.
3570
"-Charles IV.
4490
" " -Seneca.
4657
Ready w.-John Wesley.
4788
Spiritless h.-King of Spain.
6185
See THEORETICAL.
Saved by Intercessor's w.
4008
Spurred to ambition by his wife. 803
VS. Practical- Webster vs.Clay.+5C04
Bee AMUSEMENT AND CHEER-
Unfaithful h.-Antony.
6136
See IMAGINATION and IMITA.-
FULNESS in loc.
Unsuspicious h.-Belisarius.
1949
TION in loc.
HVNKBR.
Unwortliy h.-Napol'n's divorce. 104
IDEAS.
Insatiable h. of ^old-seekers.
♦2679
Virtuous h.-Belisarius.
780
Penalty for i.-John Milton.
♦2701
Wife given to shame l)y h.
3242
See INTELLIGENCE in loc
Miscellaneous cross-reference!
.
" 8Ubordlnate-Wm. III.
3893
IDIOT.
Cross-reference.
Supposed an i.-3. Johnson.
Address to h. difficult.
Desperation of h. -Cannibals.
2014
706
See FAMILY, MAURIAOE and
M'IDOWER in loc.
2309
Perishing from h.-Siege.
1502
HUSBANDRY.
See FOOLS in loc.
Pressure of h. -Sailors.
See STARVATION.
Depopulated by a -Italy.
1893
♦5322
Changes by h.-l<;},'ypt.
See AORK'ULTUUE in loo
♦2688
ID I. K NESS.
Burden of i. -Spartans.
♦2702
See APPETITE, FAMINE and FAST
HUSB.%1VDS.
Punished-Beggars-England.
♦2703
in loc.
Good h. defendcd-Sabines. *808n
to Love-Mary to Wm. P. of O.^2690
" -Athenians.
♦2704
HURRICANE.
Miscellaneous cross-reference!
.
Ominous h. -Death of Orom.
♦2080
See HUSBAND in loo.
Amusement necessitated by i
3295
See STOR.M in loc.
HYPERCRITICISm.
Dangers of i. -Hannibal's sold
rs.310
HVSBAND.
<,'i()ss- Inference.
Habitual i.-Boswell.
2804
Dignity of the h.-William If.
♦2681
of Rhetorical gestures-Johnson. 48
Manly l.-Amerlcan Indians.
2598
Good h.-Cato's view.
♦2688
See CAVIL and CRITIC in loc.
Misjudged-French princes.
3634
Governed by wlfe.-George II
♦2083
HYPOCHONDRIA.
Opposed-Other penple's i.
3120
vs. Lover-Queen Elizabeth.
♦2084
Crcjss-refiTL'iice.
Pride cures l.-IsHac Newton.
4498
Precedence of h.-Wi!liam of O
♦2685
Consti^^utioiial h.-Cowper.
♦8691
Prohlblted-Athens.
4.359
Servitude of h.-Eelisarius.
♦8086
Sec MELANCHOLY in loc.
" -Count Rumford.
503
Vicious h. of Mary Queen < i .S.*2687
Punished with death.
3159
HYPOCRISY.
Punishment of 1. -Whipped.
' -Ineffectual.
501
502
Miscellaneous cross-references
Brazen h.-Pope Adrian VI.
♦2C92
Acceptance-Scandalous.
8188
Diplomatic h. -Napoleon I.
♦2693
Sec INDOLENCE.
Adultery of h. forgiven.
3242
Exposed- Religious-Charles II. ♦8694
Fruit of i. -Roman masses.
3856
Affectionate h. -Napoleon.
3340
in Friendship-Rival dukes.
♦8695
Philosopher's l.-Dr. Johnson.
2799
" " punished.
107
Invited-Puritan Parliament.
♦2696
See LEISURE.
"-G. Washington
. 6001
Religious h. -Rival dukes.
♦2697
Art requires 1.
2584
Agonized-Mr. Dustln and Inds. 117
" " -Roman philos.
♦2698
Importance of 1. to J. Bunyan
. 8\
Anger appeased-Klsses.
3084
See TRAMPS.
Avenged-Seducer.
5073
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Philosophic t.-Cynlcs.
♦5677
Avenging death of wife.
4861
Political h.-Augustus.
4256
See VAGRANT in loc.
Bereavement, Reflections In.
6002
Religious h.-Charles II.
4711.
IDOIi.
Brutal h.-Henry VIII.
" " -Nero.
6004
4965
See CANT.
Political c.-Samuel Johnson.
♦708
Helpless 1. destroyed by M.
♦8705
Brutallzed-Fulk the Black.
106
See DECEPTION in loc.
IDOLATRY.
Converted by wife.
604B
HYPOCRITB.
of Heroism-Emp. Claudius.
♦2706
Counselled by wIfe-Justlnian.
6057
Accomplished h.-"Dick" T.
♦2699
See DEIFICATION.
Credulous-Bellsarlus.
4858
Epitaph of the h. -Alexius.
♦2700
of Caesar-Romans.
2667
IGNORANCE— IMAGINATION.
8G5
10T9
4258
1679
1677
2041
2373
4257
6015
4370
4657
2309
of Heroei- Ancient Greeks.
" Self-Alexander In India.
Sec IMAQE.
Supernatural I. of Christ.
Sc« IMAOKS.
in CburcbeS'Intt-uduutlon of.
Worship of l.-Yoar 848.
Sacred l.-Mysterles.
Worship of l.-Orlttln of.
See HEATHEN in loo-
IGNORANCE.
of BiKOtry-Country parson.
Confessed by 8. Johnson.
Folly of l.-West Inalans.
General l.-KelKn of Charles XL
QeoKraphical i.-Capt. J. Smith,
an Impediment-Columbus.
iiOss by l.-EKyptians.
▼8. NegliKeiue-S, Johnson.
Night of i.-Bngland.
OfBcial I. -Duke of Newcastle.
Professional i.-Navy.
Removed-Europeans.
Royal i.-Emperor Justin.
Stubborn t. -Inquisitors.
Superstition of l.-Anclents.
Unappreclatlve of pearls.
Zeal of 1. -Crusader's g'gr'phy
3511
2763
♦2730
♦2731
♦2788
1282
6165
♦2707
♦8708
♦8709
.♦2710
.♦2711
♦8718
♦2713
♦2714
♦2715
♦2716
♦2717
♦8718
♦2719
♦2780
♦2781
♦2788
♦8723
.♦8784
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Abounding l.-12th century. 1804
Animosity of i.-Engllsb. 840
Barbarian's 1. of value of coin. 278
Barrier to interview. 2960
of Clergy-M Id die Ages. 983
" Common things. 1651
Costly, National i. -Iron. 4415
Dangers of 1. -Bible prohibited. 580
of Enemies preferred. 5828
Evil proceeds from 1. 5387
Expensive i. in architecture. 883
Fears from 1. -Compass. 2849
" '* "-Portuguese sallors.954
of Geography-Crusaders. 3411
" God-Druids. 61G8
Heedless l.-O. Goldsmith lost. 718
of Inexperience. 1653
Information by signs. 5148
Intentional i.-Sailors. 1393
Loss by 1. of use of mag. needle. 273
Mistakes of i. -English sailors. 1067
Oppression requires 1. 3941
Promotion in i.-Navy. 4487
Religious i. confessed. 2382
RIdiculed-P. Cotta. 8165
of Self was Pompey's ruin. 5
Signature of i.-Theodorlo. 5136
Superstition by 1. 6450
Unacknowledged-Aristotle. 6015
Uncommon i. of fire. 2146
United with wisdom- Aristotle. 6016
Victim of 1. -Countrymen. 1231
Worship In honest 1. 8374
" " " " 2378
See ILLITERACY.
Compensated-Col. Wm.Wash. ♦2726
SeeSTl'I'lUlTY.
Uopelesa s. of Tames II.
Improvident s.-Uoid-seekers.
Insult of s.-James II.
Mistake of s.-Bag vs. Pearls.
Official s.-Newcastie.
li it tt
" "-Traitoi-Arnold.
Traveller's s. Crusaders.
See KUUOHH, INE.XPEniENC
Ml.STAKEH iiml sri'EKSTl-
TiOX ill li)c.
I
♦53r6
2807
2903
8723
2710
8717
l.')5S
2784
E,
ILLKUITIITIACY.
Respected-WUliani the Conq. ♦3725
Croaarefcrence.
Shameful 1. confessed.
3066
ILL-HEALTH.
Mlscelluin'iiits iTdss-rfftTijiices.
Loss by I. h.-I'eter Cooper. 1785
Superior to i.-h.-Wm. P. of O. 1897
See DISEASE in loc.
ILLITERACY.
Compensated-Col. Wm. Wash. ♦3726
See OUTHOOUAl'HY.
Bad o. excused-yapoleon I. *3903
See Sl'ELLLNO.
Bad 8., George Washington's. ♦,'J302
Diverse s.-ShakeBpeare. ♦5303
Error-Conquered vs. Concord. 1067
See IGNORANCE in loc.
ILLVISTRATION.
by Analogy-Kev. S. Johnson. ♦8787
Information by 1. -Paintings. ♦8788
Miacellaneous cros.a-rcfirences.
by Baldness-Emperor Cams.
OfBce of palntiiig-S. Johnson.
See ALLEUORIST.
Best a.-Bunyan.
See ALLEGORY.
Animals representing r. sects.
Bible misused in a.
417
3977
♦1G8
831
5118
ILLL'STRATIONS.
Use of I. -Abraham Lincoln. ♦8729
imiAGE,
Supernatural i. of Christ. ♦8730
imiAGES.
In Churches-Introduction. ♦8731
Worship of i., year 843. ♦2732
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Sacred l.-Mysterles. 1282
Worship of i. -Origin. 6105
See STATUARY.
Destroyed-Ruin of paganism. 331
Mutilated by Romans. 327
Unappreciated-S. Johnson. 334
See IDOL and PORTRAIT in loc.
IMAGINATION.
Active i., John Bunyan's. ♦3733
Corrected-Washington Irving. *2734
Delusions of I. -Spanish In Am.*27.35
Diseased-Poet Shelley. ♦3736
Misled by 1., Historians. *2737
Overwiought i.-Poet Shelley. ♦2738
lluled by 1. the World-Nap. ♦8739
in StatesmaDship-Napoleon. ^8740
Sufforlng by i. -Blaise Pascal. ^8741
Victim of 1. -Columbus. ♦874*
.Miscellnrieijus crojsreferences.
a Crimu-Buuklngham's trial. 1389
Cured by I. -Mohammedans. 1378
l:ulud«d by i.-Cru.>^adors. 2095
Distressed by i. -Insanity. 8H60
Exaggt'rution by 1. -Invasion. 1»73
Greatness In 1. -Pompey's ruin. 5
Helpful to Columbus Voice. 1881
Imperilled by i.-Homan army. 2183
Inflamed by austerity. 2090
Intimidated by 1. Mah's angels. 175
MIsunderstood-Uulness-G. 040
Muslc-Imagiiiiition Harp. 3746
Need of 1. In Hue art. 349
I{ule of 1. -Wrongs-War. 617.)
Sailor's 1. -Junk's eyes to see. 2018
Superior to fact-Uuphael. 340
Traveller's tales. 35«;i
Vivid religious 1. J. Bunyan. 1085
1180
See ALLKGOKIST.
Best a.-John Bunyan. ♦168
See AL' Ef ORY.
Animals representing r. sects. 831
Bible misused In a. 5118
Sie Ari'AKITION.
Belief in a. -Samuel Johnson. ♦3.')6
False a.-" Three knights." ^8.54
Fancied a. of Theseus. *3.55
of the Dead-Hugh Miller.
Startling-" Evil genl is."
See DREAMS.
Ijirected by d. -Constantino.
Realized-Cicero's.
Regard for d -Am. Indians.
Discovery by d. -Relics.
Encouraged by d. -Minister.
Encouragement by a d.
of Heaven-Mahomet's visit.
Influential d.-Edmund Rich.
Instruction by a d. -Alexander
Punished for a d. -Death.
Reproof in d. -Friar.
Suspicion awakened by a d.
See DREAMS.
Verified d.-Rich'd Boardman.
Visionary d.-Napoleon I.
969
1130
♦1731
♦lr'i3
♦1783
4G71
3810
3705
2,544
3180
. 1514
3881
8.364
2533
♦1724
♦1725
Deceptive d. in bereavement-L. 891
Direction by d. -Savages.
Horrible d. of Jolin Bunyan.
Revelation in d. -Temple Ino.
See REVERIE.
Discovery by r.-Gravltatlon.
Lost in r. -Samuel Johnson.
See ROMAiVCE.
Origin of the word r.
In History-Pocahontas.
" " -Pretty feet,
of Love-Dropped dead.
" " for Johnson.
Perils of r.-Cortez a lover.
Power in r.-Jane MacCrea.
8261
3733
6213
229S
8310
♦4928
2574
3683
3348
3349
3353
5108
866
IMHKCILITY— IMIMtOVKMKNT.
In RcllKlon-Pocahontas.
Hplrlt of r.-Rlchard I.
In WBr-"For «od and Iler."
He;- TRANCE.
Continuous KwodenborK.
Sec TRANCES.
runl8hed fur t.-Bllz. Uarton.
H«« VISION.
Fanciful v.-I'hantom city.
Horrible v.-Marcu.s Brutus.
Spiritual v.-Swedenborg.
of War-Hannibal.
4743
34UO
5080
*5a~H
♦5070
♦5845
♦5840
♦5847
♦6848
Auspicious V.-" Holy Lanoe." 4067
Child's V. of future-Cromwell. ai74
of Con<iuoror-Solyman. StiOa
" the Cross by Constanttne. isao
DeluHlve optical v.-Canarles. 1581
P'alth's V. of the cross. 1175
Fanatic's v.-" Plough the e." 1003
of Uenlus-Columbus. 3;iU
" God-American Indians. 28H;j
Illusive v.-Blalse Pascal. 8741
by ImaKlnation.-nunyan. S73;i
Instructed by v.-Constuntine. 5440
of Invisible Kuide-C'n8tantine's.a493
Prompted by v.-P. Cooper's f. 4407
Remarkable v. verlfled-S. !)15
of Saints-Joan of Arc. 23*1
Startling v.-Poet Shelley. 2736
2738
Timely v. of Mahomet. 655
of Wealth, Deceptive. 5985
Woman transformed In v. 6106
See FICTION, GHOSTS, NOVELS,
POETRY and SUPERSTITION in toe.
iniBECIIilTY.
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Intemperance produces 1. 2916
Official I. -Invasion of Canada. 2025
Ridicule of natural i. 1566
See IDIOT.
Supposed l.-Young Johnson. 2309
See FOOLS in too.
IITIITATION.
Fameless l.-Fenimore Cooper. ♦3743
Unappreciated in art. ♦2744
Miscellaneous cross-references.
of Genius-Columbus' egg. 2316
vs. Invention-Red Man. 2909
of Manners -J. Hogg. 2061
in Painting, Servile-15th century.345
Skill by i. in Fine Arts-Angelo. 845
" " " " " " -Italy. 349
See COUNTERFEIT.
Preserved by a c.-" Sacred b."^1225
Relics Manufactured by an A. ♦1828
Signature-Consul Antony. *1287
Imposed upon Goldsmith. 2601
See PARODY.
Libellous p. on Lord's Prayer. 2303
See DISGUISE, EXAMPLE, IDEAL
and PRECEDENT in loc.
iramoa^iiiTY.
strange infatuatlon-C. Sedley.^2842
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Clerical i.-Bng. ISth century,
" "-Inebriety.
941
Clerical l.-Inebrlety. 035
" Inoontluence. 938
Common-Bng.-Reign of Jas. IMU-V)
with Intolerance-Charlemagne. 21Mi3
Necessary I. -Age of bribery. 006
and RellgLn-ChurohlU. 1111
Sue CRIME, MORALS and VICE
in Ivc.
liniflORTAIilTY.
Relief In I. by Poet Shelley. ^2745
Faith in I., Arab's. ♦8740
Hope of l.-Walter Raleigh. *3747
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Belief iu.i.-Socrates.
" " " strouglliuns.
of Brutes iluubtcd S. Juhnson.
Burliii for i.-Ain. ludliins.
ConUdeutoI i.-Uunjan.
Effective Christiun doctrlne-O.
Preparation for 1. by bravery.
Soul's i. -Socrates.
Stimulates courage, Belief In i.
in Work-Church bulIdlng-Mah.
See DESTINY.
Unavoidable-Napoleon I. ♦
8706
1419
080
1435
1103
8;!4
1410
5270
1434
804
1547
Belief In fixed d.-Scaudinavians.4405
Depending on one national d. 5857
Impending d. -Nelson. 48.30
Providence In national d. 5883
Sign of d. -Mahomet. 5133
Turning-point of d. -Mankind. 1501
Sec RESURRECTION.
Hinted by ancients. ♦4832
Belief in r.-American Indians. 8259
See FUTURITY and SOUL in toi:.
imp A KTI A ■.IT Y.
Miscellaneous crosa-referenccs.
In Judgment-Alexander. 3004
of Justice-Roman. 3008
in Parental affection-Mr. Dustin.117
See ARBITRATION.
Rejected by Eng.-Napoleon. ♦279
Confidence In a.-Barbarians. 2617
Peace by U. S. vs. Eng. 1595
Settlement by-Alabama claims. 4835
See EQUALITY and JUSTICE
in loc.
IMP.\TIEWCE.
Disagreement by i. -Hamilton. ♦3748
Folly of l.-O. Goldsmith. ♦2749
Miscelliineous cross-reference.
Foolish i. of Xerxes-Fetters. 380
See DISCONTENT.
by Dlscouragement-Amp'tr'ts. 1638
See HASTE.
Defects of h.-Flne art. ♦2584
Needless h. -Admiral Drake, ♦asss
See ANGER and IRRITABILITY
in loc,
imPEACHniENT.
Escape from-Pres't Johnson. *2750
IITIPKK'riNKNCB.
Crosn reference.
Counsellor's 1. rebuked. 3284
Sec INSOLENCE in loa.
■ Ill PORTS.
CioHM-refi'i'enee.
Prohlblted-Kngland. 979
IinPOItTUlVITY.
Criisrt- reference.
Victim of 1. -Charles II. 2751
See ENTREATY i» loc.
IMPOSITION.
Artful 1. of Alexander. ♦37,')3
Official l.-Punlshment of o. ♦2751
Cross-reference.
Constitutional 1. of bishop8-M.P.413
See ACCUSATION in loc.
Miscellaneous cross-references,
and Enthu!<la8m-Mahomet, 1468
Exposed-Weeping virgin. .3620
" Oracles-Grecian. 3948
-Delphic. 3947
by Postage expense-Scott. 2048
f: apposed l.-Chlld of James II. 3913
on Verdant countryman. 1331
IITIPOSSIBIIilTIES.
Accomplished at bridge of L. ♦2753
See DIFFICULTIES m loc.
IinPOSTOR.
Contemptible 1. -Lambert S. ♦2755
Deceived by'i.-PerkIn W'rb'ck.^2756
" "-Monmouth. ^2757
Punished-Duke of Monmouth. ♦37.">8
Reproved by General Grant. ♦3759
6018
Cross-reference.
Blasphemous i. -Titus Gates.
IinPOSTORS,
Cross-reference.
Power of 1. -Barbarians. 2301
I HI POSTURE.
Political l.-Voice in the waU. ♦2701
Re warded-Tltus Dates. ♦2760
Miscellaneous cross-reference.
Duplicated-Tltus Oates. 2051
See jUPES.
Day of d. -France. 1474
Undeceived-Ruined. 2214
See DECEPTION, DISGUISE and
FORTUNE-TELLING in loa.
IMPRESSIONS.
Early l.-Wm. 111. lor Holland. ♦2703
Tragical i.-Son of Chas I.-Ex. ♦2763
Miscellaneous cross references.
Early maternal l.uponCowper. 110
Power of early l.-Cromwell. 5G4;i
Swayed by i. -Cromwell. 4.383
See FEELINGS and INFLUENCE
in toe.
IMPRISONMENT.
Long i.-John Bunyan. ^2704
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Honorable Diocletian's pers'o'n. 84.3
Shameful i. of Innocent children 803
See PRISON in loc.
IMPROVEMENT.
Opposed-Sewing machines. ♦2765
Repressed, Social l.-Eugland. *2766
*W4
979
rr.i
*srr)3
*i}7M
ices.
1468
mio
3946
3947
a048
I II. 8913
1831
6018
S261
2051
♦2764
IMPltOVIDKNCE— li^DIl'FKUENCK,
8t;7
MlsMlluneous croniirtfcrenccB.
Agrtoultural i. oppo^ted.
" " lu Germany.
Porestalled-Conservatlves.
Period of arubitectural 1.
Prevented by leKUIatlun.
Self-lraprovemoiit-Montul.
Hce DKVELOI'.MKNT.
Social d.-LoiubanlH.
1129
1377
iiau
3110
3111
177U
Ceremony of l.-(J<)thl(! kinfCH. IIIMI
ParHlmoiilouH I -JaiueH II. 40UH
Hvi: INITIATION.
Torrlflo i.-MyHterlesof Kleuslx.'asiH
*15«5
ofGenlus-Perlods. 8297
Inventions by d.-Hteara-enKlne.573a
Perfection by d.-I'anidUo Los»,.4108
Sea SKLFIMrUOVKMKNT.
Belated Arkwrltcht 50 years. 177.5
Dlfflciiltleh In 8.-1. -A. Lincoln. 17H7
8nccessfiil-0. Washington. 1788
See I'UOOUE.SS and Hl'UDY
in li)C.
IinPROVIDKNOIi:.
Mi(iCL'llan»'.()us cross- rufcrcnccj*.
Charaot(!ri8tlo I.-Goldimltli's. 2406
by Heredlty-O. Goldsmith. 4342
SpendhiK unearned money-Poet. 94
IlTKPItUDISiVCE.
Cr()SH-rcl\Tciicc.
ChavicterlHtlo I. -Goldsmith.
See KASIINKSS in loc.
4455
IinPODEIVOB.
Cros.s-rcfcrL'nccs.
Fictitious l.-Jeffrey's charge.
Friendship's l.-O. Goldsmith.
See ARUOQANCE.
Answered-Charles V.
Childish-Xerxes- Fetters.
Insulting a.-Attlla.
" " -Coarlos V.
Boastful a.-DIsabul the Turk.
Clerical a. In politics.
It 11 11 11
Lof ry a. of AttUa.
National a.-Engllsh.
Peril in a.-Braddock's defeat.
See IFFKONTERY.
Bold e.-Prlnce Albion.
In Literature-Bet Flint to S. J.
impviiSE.
Success by l.-Sylla.
1843
2224
•319
♦320
*321
♦322
384
920
4929
320
323
97
2645
37
♦2767
Mlscellaneoua cross-references.
VS. Reasonlnff-Crosar. 1480
"Victim of l.-O. Goldsmith. 2466
" "-David Crockett. 634
See RASHNESS.
Apparentr.-Young Alex, rides B. 6
Childish r.-Frederick II. 5732
In Qeneralshlp-Ilood. 3175
" Love for woman. 3476
Perilous r.-Boethlus. 8234
Provoked to r.-Valens. 913
See FEELINOS in loc.
INAVGVaATION.
Joyful l.-G. Washington's. ^2768
Mystic I. -Turkish Sultan. ^2769
Simplicity of i.-T. JeCferson. ^2770
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Ancient i.-Founding a city.
897
Absurd i. of women i)rl8oner«. l.'W.'>
iNVAvwrrw
Official 1. Iloman Uibulun. ♦-,'771
'Inisii-ri'feroiici'.
Trust In enemlus' l.-('u'sar. 2771
Sie IMllKCIl.Il'V.
Intemperance produces I. 2916
OBiclal I. Invasion of Canada. 202.")
Kldlcule of natural I. irm
See I.Ml'liUViUENCE iiiid SlTI'Ih-
ITY ill liw.
INCENDIAHV.
Punished by llaraeH-Komau. *2772
INCEST.
by Marriage of relatives. :M5i
INCOITIPUTENC'E.
('ro.-s-rt't\'rciice.
Official l.-81r 11. Walker. M'M
See INCAPACITY in lor.
IXCONSISTKNCY.
of Cliarauter Molassem-l'lty. ♦2773
CIn-istian i. Slavery and rellg'n.*27r4
Disgraceful I. of Win. Penii. *277.'>
by Self-lntercst-S. Johnson. ♦2770
Mlscellunt'dus cmss-refcrencc-s.
In Conduct-James II. 1ity4
r,-.j..j
" " -Steele.
Disgraceful I. -William Penn.
Example of I.-Clarendoa.
Indifference to I. -James II.
of Intoleranci'-I'urltans.
Moral I. of James 11.
" " -A. Herbert.
" "-Christians,
by Perversion of conscience.
Religious 1. of AbyBsInians.
" " -Sacrament.
Saving life-Battle vs. Ice.
Undlscoverod-Chui chill.
See HYPOCRISY an<l ^^'SINCE
in loc.
INCONTIIVEIVCE.
Cross-reference.
Palliated-Mahomefs 1.
1037
3.')4H
l.'):i7
ii;«
1104
1094
1119
lOOH
110,5
1106
1107
832
4993
:«:J2
nil
KITY
INDKPKNDKNOK.
Amurli an I. Sanuu'l Adams, ♦a7H#
chlliilsh i., Samuel Johnson's. •27HI
Declaration of I. -America. ♦27H:*
.1 11 .1 «o-^.j
Deflated. Canadian!. ♦27W
Determined- Algernon Sidney, ♦27H9
Doinestl(! 1, -Wash's mother. ♦2788
.Ministerial 1, Methodist Conf. ^2787
Natural i. Young Cmsar. '2788
Ntfoessaryi.-Arch Bp. An8elm.^2;'89
I'.-<)(!lalrae(l American I. ^2790
Prolltluss Samuel Jolmson. ^2791
Mis(MlhiMeip\is rroBS-rcfcrences.
Better than wealth, 4888
Celebration of Am,i. Centennial. 743
Changed to conservatism. .'15'IH
Clerical I. Samuel Wesley. 928
Declaration of 1., Kirst-N. C. 1498
-Work of genius. 2305
of I''ashion-(Miarmlng. 2103
" " -Cato's dress. 397
" Governmental restraints. 2414
" (.iovcrninent of N. Carolina. 24.39
in " State. 946
Love of 1. -Mother of Wash. OOtA
Manly I, -Somerset-James II. 3138
Necessary for military success. 400
414
Noble I. -English jury-Penn. 30,58
Official 1. necessary -Wm. III. 3898
In I'olltlcs-T. Jefferson. 704
Preferred to money Pope 36.56
Proof of i.-'-.Make me come." 39.30
Spirit of i. -Alex. Miinay. 3085
Unrestrained by law. 1121
without Wealths. Adams, 3660
Si'e rNUl'LlNKSS.
Childish u,-Frederick II, ♦,5752
See LIHEKTY in loc.
INDEPENDENTS.
Kellglous i. -Cromwell's time. ♦2798
INDIANS (American.)
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Deluded by-"Most gentle and l."36
Embraced by painted I.-(t, 54
Plea for protection of I, 4537
INDIFFEICENCE.
Cruel I, of Ijcsar, +2793
lieliglous 1, of Charles II. ^2794
63
INCREASE.
('ross-reference.
Ineffective-G. Ill, and Am, C. +2777
INCREDUIilTV.
MiscellanL'r^MS cross-references.
of Friends-Mahomet's family. 6201
Popular I.-Rnbert Fulton. 3306
See DOUBT and SUSPICION
iti loc,
INDECISION.
of Timidity-Conspirators, ^2778
In Wrong-doIng-James II. ^2779
See VACILLATION.
Political V.-" Bobbing John." 759
Miscellaneous crosj-references.
Affected 1. to misfortune-Scott. 92
Answer of-Romans, 2015
to Applause of the masses-Nap, 272
" Human life- War,
" Suffering of others-Surgeon
Vice overlooked by woman,
" shamefully overlooked.
1070
193
3712
3177
4849
3468
Women's 1. to vices of men.
See ABSTRACTION.
Art of a -" Waistcoat button." ♦lO
Blunders by a.-Isaac Newton. ^20
Dangerous a. -Archimedes. ^21
Absence of mind-Goldsmith. 600
Aroused from a.-S. Johnson. 2310
Philosopher's a. -Archimedes. 1908
BOH
INDIONATION-INFAMV.
Youthful a. by Rtudjr-Newton. BlOO
study of Pascal. aaa4
Hlu AI'ATIIY.
by OvoroounUttnuu. 5839
Stf CAUKl,EMSNr«S.
Censure of e.-S. Johnson. *717
Habitual u. O. Uoldsmlth. 'TIH
of Personal siifoty-NoUon. 1301
Sulf-punlshedc. -Barber- L,lncoln.7."iH
UupuriNhud n. Koran quoted. 33
.>*«■ KOHdKTKl'LNKHS.
neslred-Thomlstoclos. ♦2106
rarental f. of son-Howard.
.Spe IIKKDIJOSHNK.HS.
Lobs by h., Uoldsmlth's.
411
♦8Mfl
AlurmliKT political h. 3780
.s,c l.NSKNSIlilMTY.
of Ambition toothers' BufrerlnK.lI).<)
Professional l.-Hur(toon. HI!)
to Suffering of others-Famine. 2079
Hec NK(1I,K(JT.
Atonement for n.-Posth'raous. 3270
p;xplalned-Alexander. 4482
Failure by n.-C'able. 2022
of Friond-Anaxajroras. 4778
" Helpers by Thebans. 405
Life lost by n.-fJlbbon. 3200
Mortlfyliiff to Adam.^ "Postage. "S.")
liesponslbllltv for n. -Life. 3100
J«eo NEITTKALITY.
Knforeed-Louls XVI. ♦3808
Nominal n.-Alabama. ♦3809
Appreciated by Cajsar. 1032
Danijerousn. -Religious. 112.")
Evaded-Expenslve-England. 159,')
Firmly malntalned-G'Y'rnm'nt.242y
OffensWe n. of U. S. 170
Political n.-Infamouo-Solon. 1230
Sec I'UOCKASTINATION.
Fatal p. of Arehlas. ^4477
Sue UKCKLK.SSNESS.
of Desperation-Napoleon -Lodl. 648
Example of r.-Xapoleon. 647
of Necessity-William H. 049
See STOICISM.
Admlred-Southey. ♦5341
See DELAY in loc
INOIOIVATION.
Patriotic I. expressed-Torles. ^2795
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Affected 1. -Napoleon I. 393
Aroused by deception. I!j87
at Bribery-Isaac Newton. 660
" -S. A. Douglas. 673
Expressed by absence and negl'ct.2
of Gods expected-Pagans-Nile. 694
Furious-Disguised man. 1652
Ill-timed i.-Investigation. 2995
Irrepressible-Geo. Washington. 56
Popular i. at Brutality. 3018
" " " assassinators of C. 46
" " " Clarendon. 3898
" "" murder of Beoket. 8505
Stamp act. 3525
of Pride-Samuel Johnson's. 4349
Public i. at absentee, George II. 9
" " -Bribery of Demos. 672
Smotherp') >Shamo.
3712
at Threatenlug of Gatei.
2706
Uuuttured l.-NR|ioleiin I.
5(iua
S.» KKSE.M.\IENr.
Cruel- Alexander.
•4:i»8
Infamous-Benedict Arnold.
♦471111
PaHsioniite- Maxlrnln.
♦4M()0
of Patrloti-Lord Chatham.
MHOl
Put)lle-Am. Colonists.
♦4H02
Havage-Theodori! Lascarli.
•4WW
WIthheld-Uohbery.
♦4H(V1
of Wrongs-Irishmen.
♦4805
Dishonorable-Treason.
4109
Expressed forcibly.
2891
Inlidels treated with r.
28111
Opportunity for r.-Clovls I.
4(m
Patriotism sacrificed to r.
300
Premature-Bp. Burnet.
8;Wi3
Valn-Br(!aking the arrow.
31(1
See ANOEK luid CONTEMI'T
III toe.
INDKiilNITV.
Deserved 1. by Juba in court. ^2796
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Base I. to dust of Ad. Blake. 1B.57
Humiliating ,. -Captive Bajazet 2001
tlie Reward )f pn-sumptlon. 44-14
Pee DISHoMHi.
Insensible to d. -Princes of Hp.^I650
Postliuraons d.-A(l. Blake. *10,')7
Recompensed-Clcero's return. ♦1058
Disguised In politics. 602
Posthumous d.-Cr'mwell's body. (185
Reward of d.-Bp. Hall abandoned. 2
Vices bring d.-Emp. Elagabalus. 060
Sec UISOKACE and INSULT
ill loc.
■ IVDfSCIIETIOIV.
Destructive I. -Passion of V. ^2707
Pre-eminent I. of Bp. Burnet. ♦2798
Cross-reference.
of Dninkards l.-Uobert Burns. 1009
See FOLLY in loc.
INDOIiENCE.
Constitutional I. of Johnson.
»2799
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Fostered by charity of Coiistan. 5.33
-Roman. 0.57
Habitual i. of Samuel Johnson. 682
See IDLENESS in loc.
Cross-reference.
to Sin by penance.
2800
INDITLGENCES.
Cargo of i.-Papal. ^2801
Papal i. by Tetzel. ♦2802
Sale of l.-Church- building. ♦2803
Miscellaneous cross-references.
of Appetite-Degraded by 368
" " -Shameless. 260
" -Voraclou8-Johna'n.2183
Authority for papal I. 827
Sale of 1., Tetzel's. 6164
4309
Hplrltuull.. Origin of. 711
to Sin -Pope Leo. 5150
Hun INCONTINENCK.
Palliated offence of Mahomet. 63
See LICENSE.
Legislative 1. for murder. 8378
See SELF INDULOENCE.
Ruinous s.-i.-Foz. 6806
Hoe LICENTIOUSNESS, LUXURY
ana PAIITIALITY in luc.
INUDSTHY.
Education in I. -8. Johnson.
Exi)oNltlon of 1., TImour's.
Happiness by l.-Eng. people.
Misapplied i.-Jamestown Col.
Proof of i, -Calloused hands.
Report of 1.
Sacrificed to prlde-Charles I.
Standard of i.-Iieathern apron.
Virtue by 1. -Hannibal's army.
♦2804
♦8805
»28(0
♦8807
♦8808
♦8809
♦8810
♦8811
♦2812
Miscellaneous cross-references,
for Drink-Tartars. 8060
Encouragement of I. -Year 1754. 8433
Incited by money. 3677
Protection of l.-Unequal. 4634
4536
Required by Athenian law. 3704
Success by t.-BenJ. Franklin. 5389
See EMPLOYMENT, MANUFACT-
URES and WORK
ill loc.
INISarALITY.
MlscclUineous cross-references.
lnConfllct-Maoedouian8-P'r8'n8.466
467
Matrimonial i. of Cato and bride. 189
See DISPARITY.
in Battle-Arbela. 406
of Losses in battle-N. Orleans. 3381
See CASTE, DISTINCTION and
KAVOHITISM in loc.
INEXPEIIIENCE.
Mistakes from I. Skirmish. ♦2813
Presumption of i. -Youth. ♦8814
Removed by loss-Army. ♦2815
Miscellaneous cross-references.
VS. Climate-Discoverers. 1988
Difficulties from I. -Cannon. 707
Failure by l.-War. 930
Ignorance of l-Chas. I. -Cook. 1053
Timidity of i.-Frederick II. 2024
" "-Bp. M'Kendree. 2023
Victim of l.-Countryman. 1231
INFAMY.
Posthumous I. -Emperor C. ♦2816
Stain of 1., Massacre-Gen. P. ♦8817
Miscellaneous cross-references.
by Assassination-Booth. 873
Conspicuous for l.-Commodus. 6743
Deserved I.- Titus Gates. 4566
Exposed-Spartan bachelors. 446
Immortal I. of Jeffreys. S862
for Money-Charles II. 4088
Overlooked-Pompadour. 8712
Remembrance of l.-"Boilman."1364
Renown of l.-Erostratus. 4763
Reward of l.-Assassln.
See DISGRACE in loc.
7U
sise
♦2804
♦2K05
♦anao
)1. 'aHO?
♦8808
♦8809
♦2810
)n>2811
y. ♦asia
:es.
20fiO
7M. 8423
8677
4684
4535
8704
»l. 6389
FACT-
♦8814
♦8816
nces.
1088
707
930
ok
1653
2024
ee.
2023
1231
♦8816
P.
♦2817
ncci
.
873
lua
.5743
4565
3.
446
2862
468S
8712
an
"1364
4768
2062
IN PANT.
Mlacollaiivimn er.mAri'ri'rriu-i'ii.
Kin.1 of KnRhiiul uiiil Kr. U. vr.IIOHO
" " 8ootlai»l-Jiimc8. 3079
INFANTIOIDB.
<?roM(t-rt'ftTfiicu.
Common-MlsKi • vurninent.
INFANTS.
In Heavon-SweilonhorK.
hkk iiaiie:.
Influence of b. I'urdon.
HupposltltlouH b.-Bcllovod.
See KOlTNDMNdS.
Protection of f.-Krap. I'liulus.
INFATUATION.
DeBtruutlvo 1. of Noro.
of Pride-James II.
8410
♦8818
4001
son
807
♦8819
♦8820
Miscellaneous cross-references,
of Curioslty-I'llny. 6060
Inventor's l.-Arkwrljcht. 61U8
of Lovo-Pafte of Mary Stuart. 3348
Political l.-James II. 3388
Popular l.-Conquest of Florida. 75
of War-Charles XII. 1839
See CIIAKM.
ProtectluK c.-Thunder and 1.
"-Annus Del.
See C'HAZE.
for Oold-Eralffrants.
Mcc e.\(;hantment.
Boyish e.-Uavld Crockett.
" " In books-Irvlnif.
Personal e. by Mahomet.
«oe HALMJ(;i.\ATION.
Realistic h. -Luther-Devil.
♦782
♦783
8388
634
686
8184
♦8506
Enthusiast's h.-Joan of Arc. 8384
See DELUSION iHid INSANITY
in ttic.
INFECTION.
Feared-London pcst-tield. ♦aSSl
Sim., disease in loc.
INFERENCE.
Mistakes by l.-Ale.\aiider. ♦2882
3917
Cross-reference.
False l.-Sensltlve-James II.
See KEASONINO in loc.
INFIDEL.
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Monster-Obdurate. 8539
Rebukea by Andrew Jackson. 8547
INFIDELITY.
Dishonest l.-S. Jolinson.
Escape from l.-BenJ. Franklin.
Leader In I. -Voltaire.
Metaphysical I. -Unnatural.
Peril of 1. -Samuel Johnson.
Secret of l.-S. Johnson,
and the State-France.
Weakness of i.-Napoleon.
♦8883
♦88il
♦2885
♦3826
♦2827
♦8838
♦3829
♦2830
MIscellaneouB cross-references.
Credulity of l.-Superstltlous. 8837
Destructive, not con.Ktructlve. 8829
Escape from l.-GeorRe Fox. 1714
' -Isaac Newton. 1951
from Spiritual ignoranoe-Q's. 844
Virtue relaxed by 1. 3840
INFANT-IN(}K\rrrY.
INFIDELN.
Treatment of 1. 8 Johnson. ♦2831
CroKuri'lercnce.
RobbeiH of hiiinunlty.
Mte ATllEIhM.
Concealed-KoniauH.
Tried- Kejeetod -France.
S.e ATHEISTS.
Natlonof a.— No.
See SCEI'TICS.
Superstition of n.-Eari of 8.
See SCEl'TICISM.
Prejudice charges ».
I'unlHhud by fanatics.
Unwarranted i>.- Atlantic cable. 281(1
SfC UNMIEI.IEK in he.
2831
2668
2370
4737
♦5083
411.1
307H
INFIIIItIiTIE§.
MIrtcell.iiit'ourt eroMs retVri'iices.
of Arc delayed till 86-\Vcsley. i;W
Kx\)Oscd-" Adcck'aliiK dlaUli." 1884
See DEFECTS uuil SICK.NESS
III I'IC.
INFLUENCE.
Personal I. of Clias. Edward.
" "-NapolBf)n.
" "-Napoleon's aides.
"-William Pitt.
" "-Washington.
" "-Ca'sar.
♦38;i;i
♦383.-1
Mincellani'ous crorts-rcf'Ti-iicos.
of Assoolate.s-Peter the Great. 3H0
Association, Changed by tJre'ks.lHti.5
of Assoelutlon in prison.
Bad 1. (if women on James II.
.wot
03'.'3
mrA
44H7
790
33.SH
33h:j
337;i
483;l
45;i:j
4984
" " " " -Mistr<388e8.
Child's l.-Henry VI. -5 yrs. old
Controlling 1. of associates.
Destructive i. of a." A.W."
" " "gamblers.
Far extended, Evil I
Imperilled by evil associate.
Indirect l.-Plzarro'.s ptjf.
Ineffective I. of good examples. 901
Mysterious personal l.-Viclou.s. 2K43
" 1. of Cromwell In P. 2(13
Perpetuated In works.
Personal i.-Rule of Indians.
" "-Stranse-Nap. I.
" "-Napoleon-1000
" "-LyourRus a god.
" "-Napoleon.
Posthumous I
-Personal-Nap.
" "-Stench-Alex.
" "-Cicaar's.
" "-Illustration.
Silent i. of banner "Mexicans.
Strange l.-.Ioan of Arc.
Undeserved l.-Georee Villlers.
See ENTREATY, INFATUATION
and IXSIM RATION in loc.
INFORin^TlON.
Importance of i. -Black llawk.*2843
Pleasing l.-A. Lincoln. *2844
3.-i0
415
1().'>(1
IWIO
2.347
■xmr
43(18
8339
3773
4071
4088
l.ViU
491
MlsccUuncous croa.-f-refercnccs.
of Crime-Bravely given. 1843
Dangerous i. of conspiracy. 3741
by HIgnal tlr«i.-Knir. coast.
Htartling I. Powder-mine.
Suppressed by murder.
Unimportant vs. Important.
flee NEWS.
Fiital n.-I)r. Mott Lincoln d.
Writerof n. devices of yr. 170U.^38ll
8«;u
40NU
1.192
8871
3814
♦.■WIO
Good n.-Ilasto Gold. 1974
Manlpulated-Siirtorlus. 1179
Shocking n. -Fatal I'nnxpectod. 1603
Sto NEWSl'AI'EKS,
Colonial Am. n., year n to. ♦.3H18
Deprecated by Addison. •.1813
I'rlniUlve n. -English. ♦.1HI4
Thought directed by n. ♦3815
Attacks of n. Ignoreil-Llnooln. 130H
Fal>ulous accounts In n. 1973
Want of II. -Preserve liberty. 33.17
See INTKM.IIJENCE, .SCIIOUL
iiiiilSTUDV ill luc.
INFOU.UEK.
MIsci'lLiMciiiis iTiHs ri'frrences.
Dastardly I. .Imncs Iturton. 38150
Massacre prevenl.'il by I. 1006
INKOKiTIEItS.
Ilejectedby Vespasian.
Mljici'llancoii.s cro^s-refcrenctM.
Illackmail paid tol.
Criminals for i. .Ifflfreys' court.
l)etested-.\m. Itovolutlon.
Heartless l.-JefTreys' court.
Infamous I. -Titus Gates.
Tools of tyranny.
.See DETECTIVE 171 loc.
♦3845
3008
919
33.'i7
3.H.-K)
(i(«.1
1953
INOENUITV.
vs. Dimcultles- August us. ♦3816
Practical-Benjamin Franklin. *3817
of Savages-ilatclicts. < -.'818
Success by 1. -Columbus. ♦8849
MlHccllHncons cross-references.
Boyish I. -I. Ne ,vton.
in Boyhood Eli Whitney.
Female i. -Silk-weaving.
Genius shown by 1. -Newton.
Knowledge increased by 1.
In Printing mezzotints.
Pnigress by i. -Telescope.
Itesources of l.-John Kltch.
Rewarded by power- loom.
Saved by 1. of Intercessor.
Stimulated-New sauce.
Unrewarded-Spinning.
Woman's 1. -Dr. Cole.
See EXPERT.
by Practice-Jeffreys.
648
2410
6070
2303
3088
1898
1(138
1876
2971
4063
2185
2908
5;«3
♦1994
389
Physical e.-IIenry 11.
Sec EXPERTS.
Unappreolated-Fr. (lerlck II. 3041
See INVENTlnX.
by Accident -Spiunlng-jenny. *-i%S
" " -Chauncey Jerome. ♦3909
Aid of 1.-Ca3sar's sickles. ♦39/0
Appreclated-Power-loom. ♦2971
870
INOUATK— IN.Il UIKS.
lili
lloiiuflt of I. Kitrthfnwart). *W78
CrUlHofl. KIIhn lliiwo. *'i9rn
Dli(!(>uru(c«iimnt. In I. J. Watt. ''JUT.'i
Failure of I. (loo. Wa»liln(fton.*'.flnti
(ionluR for l.-A. lilnuoln. ♦!i((77
(;hliio*e. *'i\)7H
Jaino» Watt. 'aflru
Oroat I. Splnnlnn-inacililne. ♦;.1)H()
(Irowth of I. -Many mlndH. *-MHi
I>reHervatlon by l.-(lre«k Are. *-i\)H-i
Saved by I. -the Stato. •yiin.i
Useful l.-Cbaunooy Joroine. •81IHI
" "IMt-lron. *inm
In Youth Crompton'R "mule."*v.l)HO
Mln'clloricoiiit cniKH roforciict'Pi
ArohltiHttural I. -Limited.
UenluB for l.-drookH.
Mlgorodltod Telc80(,po« by H.
Neglootod-Maff. needle 100 yr§
Frotootlon by 1. -Archimedes.
Victory by 1. of cannon.
Want spurs I. -Weapons-Tools,
SCO INVKNTOK.
by Aooldont-8. F. U. Morse.
Trials of l.-.John Fltoh.
Wronned-Ell Whitney.
" -John Kay.
Boy I. -I. Newton.
Disappointment of 1.
DisoouraKement of i.
UiKenlouB l.-Kll Whitney.
Strugfcle of l.-Ooodyear's.
" " "-Howe's.
Study of I. -John Fitch.
Vexations of 8. ('. "mule."
See INVENTORS.
Kemunerated slowly.
Si'c TACT.
Lack of t. -John Adams.
Natural t. -Henry Sidney.
H.OilT
. 'jr.n
, 8;i7
*aoHi)
*a.i07
♦8001
•8993
(MS
6388
88
4.143
4344
871
6.35
♦8993
♦."iSOl
Rewarded-Careless slave.
Superstition overcome by t.
Sec SKILL.
MIsapplled-Perpetual motion.
Proof of s.-Rothsohlld.
33
31
3;i
♦5108
♦5109
Marksman's s.-Commodus. 34.')0
" "-Crockett. 4333
»fe ABILITIKS and ARTS in loc.
INGRATE.
Cowardly l.-Janics Uurton.
INGRATITUDE.
Basel, of Louis XIII.
" "-Brutus.
Filial i.-Sons of Henry II.
Offlolal I. -James II.
Political l.Oreclandemocraoy,
" "-Athenians.
Shameful 1. -Francis Bacon.
♦3850
♦2861
♦8858
♦3853
♦3a54
♦8855
♦8850
♦8857
Miscellaneous cross-references.
to Animals reproved. 5866
Apology f or i . , Weak . 3857
Disgraceful I. to Columbus. 1648
PlUal I., Nero's. 1110
" "-Sons of Henry II. 1634
" " " " " " 4005
Infamous I.
National I. -Athenians.
Punishment for I., Huvnrest.
Ueprovcil by .Mahointit.
8ervl('i>K rewarded by I.
Shameful I. AssaHNlns of C.
" of ll.mry VIII.
Shame of I. chin li'>< I.
INHERITANCK.
of Household K<>«dM lOiixland. ♦8HN.'>
8713
4H<VI
6813
6866
4H77
1141
4:t6
1118
MlncullnntSDUK croiin-ri'ri'ri'nccH.
Inferior I. UlchfH vs. Hplrir. 3)K)8
Transferred by rollxlmi, au.Vt
.■<fo IIKgrK.sTS.
for Spiritual benettts. ♦6M
of WIfe-by Athenians.
.Xce IIKIK.
Suspicious h. of Jamt H II.
Soo LKOACV.
for «"hurches-l.Uh century,
of Political adrhre-AuKUStus.
See LKdACIES.
Christian 1. to Church.
BaKernesB for i.-Koman^.
Enriched by I Cicero.
SeerRI.MOdENITURE.
Disregarded In Old Testament.
INHIIITIANITV.
Commercial i.-Sell old slaves,
of Man to man -England.
-Spaniards.
Professional I. -Jeffreys,
lievenge for l.-Pestllence.
5905
3588
n.M
100
♦3183
♦3181
♦3185
♦4469
•8859
♦3860
♦8861
♦8808
♦8863
Mlsccllnneotis crossrufercncos.
Afceof l.-P'mentof criminals.
In Amusements-AKony.
li It ti
by Avarlce-1.5th century,
to BeKgurs-Punlshment.
" Children-Jeffreys' court.
Christian I. to Pagans.,
of Commerce-Slave trade.
" " -Famine.
In Conquests-Whole populat'n.
Excused-Publlc safety,
of Government-Dr. Bateman.
to Indians-Early explorers.
Indifference to BKony.
of Persecutors-Covenanters,
to Prlsoners-Enullsh convicts.
" " -London.
-" The Fleet."
Religious 1. of periiecutors.
of Superstltlon-Syila.
" " -Lepers burned.
In War-Romana.
See CANNIBALISM.
Christian c.-Crusaders.
2656
103
1868
426
2703
803
10,50
1116
2002
1070
,'■,003
540
908
1.368
6511
6183
4467
4409
85,57
6152
4118
6912
♦706
In Famine-France. 2077
-California. 2679
See BRUTALITY and CRUELTY
in loc.
INITIATION.
Terriac I.-Mysteriesof Erusls.^2864
Cross-reference.
Absurd 1,-Women prlsonen.
1385
8m INAI'IJUKATION.
Joyful I., Washington's. ♦37S8
Myallo l.-Turkish Sultan. ♦8760
Simplicity of I. T. Jefferaon. ♦3770
Ancient 1. Kuundlng a city.
Ceremony of 1. (lothio kiUKS,
Parsimonious 1. James II.
INJCRIKN.
Forgetful of i.~('n'«ar.
Redressing i.-KnlKhts.
Koparatlon fur I. Laws.
" " "-Romans.
SeusltlvenesH to I. Voltaire.
.Mlscellani-ourt croNH-rfferunccN.
(Compensated In future life.
Overlooked -Louis XII.
Reparation for omdal I. -8. H.
I'nresented by Bishop Ken.
Stf AlUSE.
Absence of a.. Savage's.
Personal a. of Milton.
Slanderous a. -Napoleon I.
Success by a.-Polltlcal.
vs. Arguments-S. Johnson,
of the Bllnd-Mliton.
" Countrymen-London.
Exposure to a.-Appius.
of Oood principles.
(Irowth of a. -Star-chamber.
Judicial a.-Jeffreys.
Political a. for effect.
Reformation of a. -Hopeless.
Self-applied a. In preaching,
vs. Use-Money.
See UAMAQKS.
Excessive d. for defam't'n-J,
Scale of d. -Personal.
See ORIKVANCES.
Ignored by James 11.
See LOSS.
Oaln by 1. -Hannibal.
Irretrievable l.-Sedgemoor.
807
110
4<m
♦8865
♦8806
♦8867
♦8868
•8860
4580
£800
41
B17
♦28
•83
•31
♦85
t904
23
1231
1855
1121
1855
1843
4388
48.')3
1334
6766
11.1487
2867
8863
♦3339
♦3,3;«)
Irreparable I. of architectural m. 389
See LOSSES.
Disparity In l.-New Orleans
Made good by courage.
See OUTKACiE.
Horrible o. of Albion.
Reaction of o.-Joan of Are.
Resented by parent.
Shameful o.-Columbus.
See TRESPASS.
Revenge for t., Severe.
See WOUNDS.
Honorable w.-Tlmour.
" " -Sertorlus.
" -In Front.
♦3381
1847
♦3071
♦3978
♦8973
1648
8067
♦0171
♦6173
♦6173
from Friends-" Stonewall " J. 2820
Honorable w.-Perslans at Petra.643
Indifferent to w.-Phlllp. 5945
See WRONG.
Neither give nor take w. 2878
Suffering w. vs. Doing w. 4188
See WRONGS.
Redressed, Imaglnnry w. ♦6175
Excessive redress-Knights. 3866
Resentment of w.-Irishmea. 4805
INJUUY-INSIMIIATION.
871
807
110
40(IH
•22
•aa
•a»
♦as
INJI UV.
Matnal I.-CUuh. 1. uud Uupert.*!W70
Mlicellikiii'iiiM criMK ri'rvrciicei.
Iniult uddud to I. Ambit. 9800
Burburlans. aw
UnrevonKed LyciirKUH. sau-l
Hue MirrihATION.
of AfcriuultuiiMtH bjr Tlieudurlo. IIM
by C'uwai'ds -KoiniiiiH. 5iM0
ruiilHhmunt by m. 8(!i)tH. RTUl
UovciiKe by m.-( Coventry. 4Hr)7
Self-m. for doo»'pt,loii. M-18
HoldiurH Hiipported by State. natS
He« KKSKNTMKNT miil REVEN(JK
in toe,
inj(;mtice.
Covered by (iruullyC.'tiUluH. *a871
Huprovod by PuritaiiH. 'aaTa
StiKma of l.-Clc(>ro. •a878
MlHCcUaiiumiH cruHHrefureiicei,
Abhorreiiue of I. -I'rolouKud. 13Ua
('ostly l.-UiiK. bankruptcy. 451
Bxaspuratlon of l.-1'arunt. .3073
Pergeoutorn of ChrUitans. laoi
liuvoiiKed by iiaturo-Jall fever.4HU0
Kevenue from 1. 4H<16
Revolution by i.- England. 4H7&
SubmlsHlon to i.-Uonmna. 1310
to Wonion-Proporty. 0137
8eu UKIMK, KAVOKITISM and
PEKSELTTIDN inloc.
INNOCUNOG.
False i.-Bet Flint.
•2874
MinctillunuKU.i crossrcfcrencos.
Assumed by Ulcliard I. 134.^
" falseIy-Domosthenes.l4T7
Eloquently pleaded by Str'fl'rd. 11134
Intercession of 1. rejooted. 1.337
Mediation of l.-Pardon. 301)8
Nakedneasof anjrels Sw'd'b'rt;. 958
Profession of I., False-Tlmour. 4rAS
Unprotected by 1. -Martyr. 4141
" " "-Jeefreys* ct. 803
Vindicated by deathbed conf. 1081
See PURITY.
Sentimental p.-Edward III. ♦4586
Bravery of p.-Joan of Arc.
Religion of p. -Persian.
1737
■ 70
INNOCENT.
Mincellaiieoiis crosu-references.
Intercession of the I. 5361
Punishment of t. children. 4571
" the 1. 4ruO
INNOVATION.
Resented-Subjects of Peter.
♦2873
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Opposed-Hifthways. 4414
" to i.-S. Johnson. 2511
See PROGRESS in loc.
INNS.
Attractive l.-Old EnfflLsh. ♦2876
See HOTEL-KEEPER.
Indulgenoe.s sold by h.-k. 2803
INflVISITION.
Abominable in Spain. ♦aST?
Komish I. In Krauuu.
•8878
MlMallaiienutcroH-rurorencaK.
iKUoruiiuu dlrooliiiK I. 2731
Truth outruKiid by I. B737
■ NMANITV.
Ciipubllity vvHIi I (litoi'Ki) III. *a8~U
H'earud by Haiiiuul Jobii.son. *aH8i)
.Moral I. uf i.'umbyHeH. •38M1
PuriU from I. Wiilliir Hiiott. ♦3883
Kulltfloiis I. W'm. t'owiier. •3«H.'l
Uoyal I. of (ioorKt) 111. *'MHi
Emotional l.-vEiop the actor.
" "-Lujiilala,
Employment relieves I.
by Kri«lil-KalHH Khoat.
(iiinlUH ttiiKiHi with I.
of (Jmilus-JoliM l<"ll.uh.
Ilopeluis I. -J. Howard's son.
by lii-hoalth nnd lioredvcmont
of Monomania-John llrown.
.Vatiire'H euro for i.-Alr, etc.
Kulixious i.-MuKgloton.
Seif-destruotivo l.-W. Cowper
by Vanity- F'erKUson.
" Witohcraft-Snpposod.
Meo MAD.NKSS.
ECfectlve m. of Jnmus Otis.
Courafce of m.-('liarle» XII.
.See MANIA.
Popular m. -Crusades.
4032
31H)H
'Hm
3;i,vi
stm
3:107
133
. 3(iUl
3tW8
30111
30H3
, 5437
5774
3518
♦3377
1339
•3411
for Critlclsm-Thaokeray. 1310
Popular m.-Crusndos. 1375
for Speuulatlon-Eng., a. d. 1730. ,5380
" " -France.
" " -Kiiicland.
" " -Kmnce.
" Suiolde-Wm. Cowper.
Sic INKATrATION i„ ;««
INNEN!4IKII..ITV.
to Sufferliijf-Executioii.
5381
.5383
5383
&437
♦3885
.Mlflcellaneous crnaa-referenco
.
ProfoBHlonal 1. -Surgery.
103
to Suffering of others.
3071)
See INDIFFERENCE.
Cruel i. of Cas-ar.
♦3793
Religious i. of Cliarles II.
♦3794
Affected 1. to misfoi-tuiie-Scott. 93
to .\ppiau.se of the masges-Nap.3T3
" Human life-War. 1070
" Suffering of others-Surgeon. 193
Sec ()BI)URA(;Y.
Criminal o.-Eari of Ferrers. 2.W9
Immovable o. of James II. 3.530
See BRUTALITY, (JRUKLTY aril
INGRATITUDE in loc.
INSINCERITY.
Blemish of i.-Ciesar.
of Jesuits-Dissembling.
Ml.scellaneoui crosa-references.
Forced conversions,
in Politics-Newcastle.
Political 1. -James II.
Reaction of l.-Charles I.
It (I H II II
Repels assistance.
♦3886
♦3887
1185
1679
4258
1676
1677
2041
»M AFKEl'TATIUN.
RIdloulud by Thaukuray.
.SiMi CANT.
Political o. -Sitmuel Johnson.
Sio DIHIIilNESTY.
Uonural d.-U«lgn of James II.
.Sec IIYI'OCIII.SY.
Ilriizeii h. I'opo Adrian VI.
Dlplomutle h .Napoleon I.
lOxiiosed Kellgloiis (^harUiM II.
in FrlendMhlp Kival duken.
Invited Puritan I'arllainent.
UelltiiouH h. Ulval dukes.
"-Uoman Philos.
Political h.-.\uguatus.
Itullglous h. Cliarl(-M II.
Sec IIYI'ddKITE.
Acoompllshed h. "l)li;k" T.
Kpltaph of tliii h Alexius.
See DECKl'TIO.N tn loo.
isoa
•708
♦1068
♦3092
♦afi93
♦301M
♦3095
♦aniMi
♦3097
♦2008
48U
4711
•3600
•3700
INSOi.,EIN<'E.
Consummatu 1. .Icffreys. ♦aSHH
Hceliislaslleal l.-Oregory VII. •asSO
oniclal 1. of James 11. •2890
IteHented I. of Darius. •2801
Ml.-icclhiiuMum oruHH-rcrcrencea.
Aggravating I. A. LInuoln.
Ill Defeat Koiaan Kiiiperor.
Papal I. to Henry VI.
I'atrlot.lo I. Am. Revolution.
Uiiresented by Philip.
" " Anytus.
-Patriots.
Victim of I. -Columbus.
War occasioned by I.
Sec EFFRONTERY.
Bold e.-Prlnce Alblnn. 2645
In Llterature-Uet Flint to S. J. 37
See CONTE.MI'T and RIDICULE
l;t loc,
INSOE.VENCY.
Governmental l.-Charles II. •2898
634
2197
3063
4953
6397
4804
4813
1648
1624
Crijss-refcrence.
Refuge In I. -London.
Sec DEBT in loc.
laoo
INSPIHATION.
Claim of l.-AlHilc. ♦2893
Professed I. -Joan of Arc. ♦2894
Proof of i.-Joan of Arc. *2»i6
Miscellaneous cross-references.
In Art-Romans. 888
" " -Italians. 886
Belief in i., Personal-Mahomet. 1401
" personal I.-Joan of A. 1906
Claimed for the Zendavesta.
for Confllot-"God is with us I'
Divine impulse-Excuse.
I''aiso i.-Delphio priestess.
In Ilatred-Wm. P. of Orange.
Language produced by 1.
in Love-Robert Bums.
" Muslc-Wesley-Mobs.
Poetic I. Intermittent-Mllton.
of Religious faith-Battle.
See ENTHUSIASM and FUTURE
in loc.
625
464
2422
8947
2054
3134
4219
698
1014
2088
872
INRTUIKiriON.
MlM«llan«oiiii criinn rufuriiMcai.
DftHKuroUH I. of euumy. KW
hj Dnfuat I'nter the (irnkt. \4W
" Kzumplu HloKU ut Uoriio. ItNll
" " Divinity of the Son M'i'i
" Falluru Mliiiinliiw. i«Wl
Ntted »t I. I'utrnroli. O.M
Nuuded with uuthorlty Howard. 11 1
Popular I. by aruhltooturu. 'JHT
UallKtouHl. noKltiiitHd KoKlaiui. NWI
Mei- ADMONITION.
DliroKardud (ten. Ilraddook.
Htii) AIIVKK.
Dliidalnod liraddoc^k'H dofoat.
Iirnorod, ('lHriMidi)M'H, by J. II.
Ill'tlmod a. to A. Miicoln.
I.enaoy of a. by AiiKiiHtiiH to R.'KH)
Hcc COHNSKI,.
Of the Dylnn l,(>»ln XIV. *I8I1»
Inopportune ('., Deputlos'. ♦Itf^'O
Hafoty In (!. BattU'. 'la-Jl
♦07
•l»!l
INSTIli:(TION-INTELI,K(T.
lUlluulnatlon rurputual mot'n.AinH
Irnportunitii of ni. Cotton kIu. ^"Uhn
Intriuutn-MmdiaMloal blnU,
Lahor-RavlMK in.-Clouka.
Uulliivoit lubor-('hanK««'
" -Cotton Kin.
" Mln«r«.
i:v«ti;LT.
raoro than In.jiiry Arabs,
to Jualoimy V't'ii'ifUxn.
I.iutt I., a Kfiltcht'M.
I'olltloal I to Wlllla'n Pitt.
Uuli<!l!t<<M from I rni'MlitiiM.
Itnmnmbriincit of 1. .,'yrUH.
HilnKlnul. t.'ol. Tiirluion.
Unuonitdlouit I.Jumuit II.
I)Woard«d raNhly-Chas. XII.
Honent c. punlnhnd.
H.u COITN.SKLLOR.
B7llo.-"Kvll ansrol."
Hi-eOOI'NSKI.LOKS.
DanKorouH o. of .lanieM II.
12:10
'nm
Whlmi<loal c.-"\V'iN<! woman. "'IWI
Olmtruotlvc o.-Hools.
Various c. to (J. WaslihiKton.
Volunteer-toe many KHnnrals.
SiM! I KI'KOOK.
Meekness In r. -Dr. Taylor.
Undeserved r. -Dr. Arnold.
Undisturbed by r.-O. Wash.
or.'5
1IK!(!
•1770
♦4781
Death by r., Tetzel's.
IHHH
Doslred-Good Kmp. Julian.
fiaou
SafcaulouB r., Wife's.
4H81
Sci^ WARN I NO.
0! Danger- tilnhnrd I.
♦,WI7
Ineffective w.-(;(usar.
♦6948
Accepted-Girl's w., by Llnooln. 6108
Admonition disregarded. 60
DIsdalned-a Woman's w. 8110
DUreitarded by Nero's mother, 19(1
Bffeotlvo w. to officials. HO',;
Felon's w. to manufacturers. 61;;;
Interference of novice. 354(5
Neiflected-Dlverslc/i-Crosar. 1080
Timely •,7.-Wash. by woman. 4079
Unexpected w. -Scripture. 4901
Unmoved by w.-Alexander. 1048
See EDUCATION, INFORMATION
ami SCHOOL (n loo.
IJtSTnvmKTiT.
Crofts-ri'fercuce.
Human 1. In divine hands-L,
INSTRVITIEIVTS.
CrdsH-reference.
Useless-Eyes for junks.
See MACHINERY.
Benefits of m. -Clocks,
a Means-Samuel Johnson.
Triumph of m.-Brass clocks. •8376
611
2018
♦3374
♦3375
Genius for m,-Ell Whitney, 3113
Il'IM.'!
IWN-i
8107
8l|.'i
3I0H
♦•JHOO
♦a807
♦SH9H
♦aHOtl
♦yiMHi
••JIKII
•liOO-.'
♦iiUO.1
Mlnc'iillani'iiuK itoim ri'fxreiiotn.
Abusive I. Anibussadors. 4444
Added to ln,|ury Ilarbarluns. S!*)
of Arroftance Attlla-Uoniana. .'Ul
Kaneled 1. -Xerxes, .tiO
Ilumlliatintf I. -Caesar Beard. !i79(i
lIUTnillatlon for I. Tope. ;.'I0
Uversensltlvu to 1. -Tyrant, a6'J7
Kescnted by Hlsmarok. ivm
-.■VlaklnK lovo-Wlfe, alio
Htln({ln({ l.-Woraan's. 3489
Unrosonted-Koar Alexius. 757
INHIILTS.
Arnumont by l.-H. Johnson, ♦8904
with Misfortune-James II. ♦!«)(«
Mlsci'llaneoim crnmi-referenr^'.
In Adverslty-.lanicM II, 2908
Authorized for cowiirds, 1280
Cruelty provoked by l,-Ind'8, S074
I'ubllc I. -Cromwell to Parll'm'nt 410
Heparatlon for I., Cheap, 8808
Women's 1. to cowards, 6188
Hee INSOLENCE,
Consummate 1. -Jeffreys.
Ecclesiastical t.-OrcKory VII.
omclal I. o.' James II,
Ke>>ented 1. of Darius,
♦2888
♦2889
♦8890
♦8891
iiCKravatinK i.-A. Lincoln, 5.14
!'i Defoat-Koman Emperor. 8197
I ,ipal 1. to lli^nry VI. 2003
J'atrlotic 1,-Am. Hevolution. 40.5."}
Unresented by Philip. 68»r
" -Anytus. 4804
-Patriots. 4813
Victim of i.-Columbus. 1048
War occasioned by 1. 1084
See CONTEMPT and RIDICULE
in loo.
INSVRRECTION.
Cros.s-refereiice,
Suppressed-Am. Revolution, 1136
See MUTINY,
Courage against m.-Cffisar, ♦3750
Cruel m, -Henry Hudson, ♦3757
by Disappointment-Columbus. ♦37.'>8
Reform by m. -British navy. ♦37.59
of SallorB-Britlsh navy. ♦3760
UnparallelMl m. Hoottltb s'ld'n. aoft
8i-p HKIII'M.I.ION In he.
INTKfiHITV.
MlNi;flliiru><ntit rmiH-rtrurenoft.
ItnoognUed Hamunl Adam*, 078
Heputatluu fur I. Arlstldei. 478H
" " Cato. 470.1
" " " Lincoln, 470a
HeanilKLITY, lloNOIt mid ilUN
KsrV In Inc.
INTKLLKCT.
(Uoudeil Jeffreys'.
Dulnesi of 1. John Howard,
Parslmonloui l.-Uitcr Oreeks.
Uncultlvated-Am, ludluis.
Quelled by General Jackson,
Sailor's m,, Columbus'.
1903
1940
♦2906
♦aiHr.'
♦201)8
♦200»
Mlnc'elluiiediiK croM-referencca.
Deficiency In l.-H. Am. Indlani.868t
Display of I. by Kgyptluns, 3.5;iO
Jtisulls. 8008
Dull i. (|ulckeiif(l (loldsmlth, 040
Kreiidom of I. (^tiukers. 190H
Moral (Icpravliy ('has. the Bad. 1(100
Urlglnallty Newton's Inventi'ns.O-i^
H.'c MIND,
vs. Body Columbus. ♦SSOS
" " -Wni. P. of Orange. ♦H.^O*
Kntortnlnmeni of m. at meals, ♦.Kloo
Infirmities of m. -Universal. ♦.KlOt
Surroundings of ni.,Cr'niw'irs^30(W
Undeveloped Countrymen, ♦3008
UndlHturbed by anxiety, ♦.1(K)4
Versatility of m.-Queen Eltz, ♦,'1005
Absence of m.-O. Goldsmith. 809'
Absorbed by stiKly-ShcIlcy, 18
Abstraction of m., Art In-W, 8. 10
" -Blunders by Newton. 80
" -DurigcrouH-A. 81
Achievement of m., Brilliant, 1871
Activity of ra. in old age, 1010
Agitated by rellKlon.-Kox. 8604
Affects the body-Clark, 1181
Agony of m. -Josephine. 1009
Anguish of m. -Nap. at Wat'rloo,.1817
Art of controlling m. -Sadness, 3.')01
Ascendency of m, -Civilization. 6735
Complex action of m.-Nap, 1575
Confused by a trlck-"Buti,on." 19
DeJceted-WlUiam Pitt.
Diet affects m. -Mahomet.
Display of powers-Jefferson,
Diversion of m. heals melancb.
Diverted by amusement.
Dulness overcome by study.
" of m. -Fogies.
" " " in boyhood.
Employment of m,, Noble-Nap. 3820
Fed-Body unfed. 3794
Food makes Inequality in m.
Harmonious m., Milton's,
vs. Morals-Aspasla.
Morbid ni of Ben.1. Abbott.
" " " Constans.
Phenomena of m., Mysterious.
1615
2180
2.105
8501
5188
1776
2105
640
Polish vs. Morality,
Preparation of m.-Mllton.
PreEence of m. In battle.
" " " -Margaret.
Reaction of m, on body.
4000
2340
1850
1109
1108
3701
8762
3707
1014
1608
1045
1013
INTKI.I.KJKNCK-INTKMPKUANCK.
HVi
Uiivluwnil In u illury. I57t
Huporlor to iiiirr»uuilliit(« H'rni. lom
Superiority of mHuulptor. 6<)M
Bupn!niu(!y uf m.-Hody Nap. IWU
Triumpli of in. l(ot("r littoon. 0U7
M..I. MINUS.
N»rrow m. (liHrttotwrUtlo. 'atioo
Hi-u INTKM.KIKNi'lC m toe.
INTKIiMOKNCB.
Poverty of I. Huriiiiul Joliiiiiun.'viOlO
Mltcdlitnuouii crimarcfiToiicUc
C'lotliliiK ropritiDMitM I.
ByeH witlioiit l.-.luiikM.
Uliii'.ered'WouUI not leo, o'uM
Laak of I. Mturulure.
Merit of I. Timoiir.
MyiiterloiH I. HwudeiihorK.
MyKtury of Inttio' liulliini.
UuMpedteil by phyMltsliin.
Mto DlHIMiKllON.
Better thuu vulor cliurle* V.
M.70!i
l.'ltlT
Din
M.VH
•lO-'lT
Rulur without (l.-('liarl<t8 II. JI.'U
Wlfu'M d. ruluN hiiNlxind. aiKt'i
Km- IlK.MllNll.
Kffoctdof r. A. LIuL-oln. •loao
Abforhed In r.-8liolley.
Kx(!lt*unHnt In r. " Piimola."
Pi'oHtablo r. A. Mncoln.
I'rolUlo.'is VH. I'roHtablo-Nap.
Hwlft r. I'oot ShriUiv.
Sc.^KClKNTIHT.
DorunKed by curloNlty.
Falliir 1 of 8. In exporlnuint..
Youthful H.-Nowton Wind.
,Hc8 TA(Vr.
Lack of t.-John Adunis.
Natural t. -Henry Sidney.
MIgfortuno revorned by t.
Itewarded-C'areloss slave.
tiuperstltlou overoume by t.
tt It it tt
of Woman -Ciueiiii Caroline.
SeoTHOVMlHT.
Conditioned by runptratluu.
Flexibility oft. -Julian.
Food for t.-Obuervatlon.
SuKgeHted'Hoburt Peel.
30HM
3«i.*T
8:>:a
ISR'l
111!)-,'
lOU!)
♦.l.'SOl
3a
31
3;)
3083
•5000
*M)~
•.")008
*.'>(i09
Carefulness In t.-S. Johnson. 7()8
Co-operative t., Inventor's. 2UH7
Development of t.-Oravltatlon.'A!!).5
Develops t.-Invontlon.
Growth of t.-lnvoutlon.
Seed -thought of telegraphy.
Walking quickens t.-Nap. I.
See WISDOM.
False w. of Aristotle,
with Ignorance-Aristotle.
Occasional w.-S. Johnson.
Practical W.-Soorates.
Rldiouled-Savans.
Source of w. -Polly.
by Adverslty-Frod. the Great.
" " -Romans.
" " -Dlonyslus.
Best w.-Knowlng self.
29-5
2981
2989
15~5
♦0015
♦6016
♦0017
♦6018
♦0019
♦0020
84
86
4889
3089
Kitlly prffi'rred tow. iMogenioi liliM
by UuiiiUtty MtutuNmvu. 1K)7I1
Teited by quultlon*. ittOH
M.'«i'IVII,I/ATH»N, KlirCATItl.N,
INKilllMATION, INTKI,I,Ki;T,
I.H'KKATI'KK, TAI.ICNt',
unil WIT III 1(11'.
intk.tii*kiianc;k.
Ancient I. " Normuu Kiiut." ♦Wll
" " AUixiindur ihe (t. *U9U
Artofl. Finn ryriin' uhlllty. ♦iftll.i
might ofl. Kilgur Allan I'ou. *'MH
lIurduiiH of I. II. i'raiiklln. *-imt>
Cliiiriiiitnr dtmtroyitd by I. ♦UVIII
I'hurohly I. •'WhllHiin-aluii." *-Ml7
Common I. Kngland, 1593. •'J91H
In t'ouri Triul of SiralTord. ♦ii9l9
Crime by I Knxlanil, 1700. *',ni-.>0
Crlnunofl. Working ol. ♦•JU'JI
CUHtoni of 1 Kiigliind, 17«. *-JWi
" *Wi:\
DnliaMrd by I. KnglUh voulely. ♦■.li-JI
I)lHea.>to by I. OiilerlUH. •2«'i'i
In Kating .Sollman the Cal. *-Am
" " H. JohnHon's, ♦•.".••.>;■
Kxample of I. Warning to y. •iliv'H
Katiil I. l,onlH X. "JlMl
" ' -Atlmliirlc tliodoth. ♦•.".•.lo
" " .Mdxiindur the (irttat. •Wll
FemalcH Kng. nob., looo ♦•Ji),!-.'
Ko<t<<rc(l Kngllnli innchanlcs. *'J!t;i.i
and (iunliiM AddUon. *'MU
Oovi'rnnirntal I. -Parliament. *2U.'l.')
by llo.spltallty-" Treating." ••JiWn
I,osH by I. H. A. Douglas. ♦•J9.I7
Manifested I'lUJonnclously. ♦i.iwn
Perils of l.-Uetreat from M. ♦'.Mi.'lli
" "-American Indians. ••,".110
Power of I -Harlmrlans. ♦'.".ill
Prolonged-l)U)nyMlus-90 d, ♦2i)l'J
Property lost by I. Cato. •2!)i!
Kollglonacalnst 1. -Puritans. ♦2911
Uenoiinced Normans. ♦291.")
Kevenue from i.-Eng. excise. ♦2(M(!
Shameful I -Justice Jeffreys. ♦•.'!M7
Shameless 1.— English. •2«h
State endangered by l.-Battle.*29l!)
Strange I. of Tartars. ♦Jir.O
Suppression of I. by legislation. •2951
Victim of 1. -Sheridan. *2!r)2
" -Robert Burns. ♦ag.Vl
•29.M
" Edgar Allan Poo. •2aVi
Wages and I.-Eng. 17th cent. •2050
MIsct'lluiK'oUM enma- referciiccrt.
of Appetite for food.
Destruction by I. -Illustrated.
In Food.
" Heaven Scandinavians.
Imperilled by l.-Arclilas.
Indiscretion with I. -Burns.
Ir famy by 1. -Jeffreys.
Lawless tendency In I. -H'belli'n
Ministerial tlppUng-Impr'prlety
Passion aroused by 1. -Peter.
Perilous to the State.
Refuge In l.-Walter Scott.
" " "-Oppressed tailors.
Responsibility for acts In I.
of Statesmen-S. A. Douglas.
2IH8'
5HI8
2920
2.>15
1510
1009
2900
■1029
.1181
5091
27
91
429
2905
207
VIreii ciiine Willi I. Pii«. A|U6
VIetlinofI Alexauder. tM4t>
VUttloi* of I. Churlni VI. MID
War ueuailont'd by I. wji
Woman nufferN by iiiair* I. UUll
Youthful victim of I Athaltrlo.tOlH
S... AM-^IINK.MK.
Certainty by a s Johimon. ♦t4
I'rudentlnl a by experience. •H
Twofold a. Wluo by eonfeMor. ^17
NeeesHary a, " One uluns." !fl»r>ft
Self eomiu.Hl by a. Muhumet. (M«7
S.'f AI'I'KTITK.
FiiHtldlouH a of Antony. ♦aoft
Indulgence of II. SliuineleHM. *2<iU
Perils of II. Cato the CeiiHor. •vNMl
Piiitest of a. .MonkH. •:4u7
Kllleil by a. KpleUir ♦UOH
Detruded by Indulg. of a. -P.
Surrender to a. Henry Vlh.
Voracious a. s. .lohnson.
.H.o iiKi;u,
Antiquity of I), liernians.
S.f DISMI'ATlilH.
Phllosoiihi'r'.s d. H. Johnson.
Youthful d. K. A, I'oe.
Clerical d Old England.
" " Klghteenth century
Despondency rjinoved by d.
Ueactlon of d. ('iirlwrl>,'ht.
Shortens life ".Arteiuus Ward
.><.■,• DHINKI.NiJ.
Ancient English d.
Art Ind. Siimni'l .lohnson.
EITects of d. -Samuel Johnson
ti II i» ti It
Sii' DKI'NKAIU).
Converted d. -Irishman.
Habitual and constant d.
Happiness of d., Present,
t'ncoiisclous appeal of d.
S.c DUU.NKKNNK.SS.
Melancholy by d.-Alex.'s fury.
Punished Drunkard's cloak
am
;iH.'i2
2lH.'J
•»90
MOK'I
MOM!
925
941
.M4«
10H.1
";«H3
•1710
♦1711
♦1712
♦1713
11M3
1741
208!
1741
1744
♦174*
•1971
•1972
Kolly of d.-i/ungerous Alboln. .1971
Judicious clerical d. 370S
Paradise of d.~Aiio'nt Germans. hi)H8
Punlshed-Dcath OflliMal. 3790
;<oe F.XCI.SK.
Laws -First English.
I'liexecuted -Hobert Burns.
Si'fi (il.l'TTON'i.
Hospitality complimented by g.208»
See UOUKMANI).
Characteristic g. -Johnson. 2183
2927
Indigestion of g. -Sollman. 2920
Hi-e INT().\I('ATI()N.
Responsibility for crlme8-Mur.^2flC5
See I'LKIXJK.
Temperance p. -Father Math'w^4212
Infamously broken-Proctor. 2817
Sacred p. -Embalmed b. 1462
See TREATS.
Election t. -Costly-England. 1839
Exacted-EnglUh prisons. 5804
Prlsjiner's t.-Brldewell. 1.302
Temptation in t.-Bullders. i293S
874
INTENTION— .IKAI.OISV.
Sro WIXK.
Charm of w. Uuulii.
DiiiiKer In w.-Auolents.
Deception In w.-S. Johntion.
Dereaded-Sainuel JohnKon.
Korblddcn-Sumuel Johnson.
•(H) 10
*(k)l I
•OOlv!
•0013
♦COH
Uect'i>tlon in w.~8amuel JohnBon.M
rioasure In w.. not happinu8a-J. U
Soi' TEMPKUAM'K in (of.
INTKNTION.
Cross rof'Tt'iK't'.
Kvldeuce of (cood I.
Ouilt by i. Uetmyiil.
Set' MoriVK in loc.
4r)ir)
3381
IIVTEKt'Is:»iS10N.
Miscelluiu'Dii.H ciiijtrt-ri't't'ri'iio*'S.
of Innouents-Tlmoiir rejects. 1337
Life saved by 1. Di'serten-. MO
Woman's i.-i^uoeu I'liilippa. -UW
INTERCE^iSOR.
Crotw-rftVrt'iu't'.
Saved by wit of i.
See MKDIATION.
Kejeoted-James 11.
•16f>.!
*3547
of Iunooenuo-Dau(jhter. 3098
Uejeotedm. of Alex.-Kujjr. and F.liTl)
Sec MEDIATOR.
TemporlzlnK m.-Wm. Penn. *3548
lufaithfulm. -James II. ♦3549
Slain-Montezuma.
Suucessful m.-T. Tranmer.
lufaithful m. -James II.
'J491
lOlH
aUvJO
INTEKCOITRSE.
Unity by l.-North and Sonth. *^M)n7
Mi.-^oeUanoous cross- reference.
Union by i.-Fnited States. 58«8
See COWEKSATIONaiKl PEL-
LOW.SIUI' in loc.
INTEREST.
Prohibited-llenry VIII. ♦2958
Sec USURY.
Inevitable-Home. ♦5757
Law of u.-Komans. ♦5758
" " '-LucuUas. ♦STSQ
Laws against u. in England. ♦,57r>0
INTERFERENCE.
Croasrcfcrciiccs.
of Novloe-Bp. Burnet. 3546
Political 1. res"nted-"Mon. doct."209
Sec MEDDLINU.
Destructive flood by m. *3545
Reproved-Blshop Burnet. ♦3546
In Families-England. 4458
Mischief by m. 5300
Well meant m.-IIurtful. 8041
See INTERCESSOR in loc.
INTERPRETATION.
Unrestricted i. o.' mythology. ♦2959
Cross-reference.
three Senses in the Bible-S. 583
Eee EXPLANATION in loc.
INTERVIEW.
Formal I. -Grant and McMahon^2960
.MlacelUiieuiM eron.s-relVreme-.
.Mmslvi) i. with Llnciilu.
Em'>arrii!<»iiig-Adnni«-(it'(>. ML
See CO.NVKKSA Tlo.N I'l 'I'l'.
KU I
274
INTimiDATION.
Sui'CL'ssful 1. of Indians by S.
.MLscelluneous crDSS-relereiices.
.Xitemptod 1. of clergy Jus. 11.
Cry fori." Ufbcl yell."
KloL'tlon by 1. nf Charles XII.
by Kxample of Cu'sar Aug.
«if Uovornnu'iit by ( roniwi'll.
by Imaginary angrls.
Message of I. Attlla to Uoraans
by Punishment Kobels.
Keaclion of I. Jiimes 11.
Uomenibranco of i, -Turks,
of Kulor-Tory Oov. of N. Y.
Siicooss by l.-Capt. Wadsworth
" "" -OeniTal Jackson,
by Violenco-Bisniarck.
See PEAK iit /.xv
♦2901
877
7S9
141
38!U
4 id
175
, 321
■ICkiO
315
3770
4077
.•K).')t'>
3773
3359
INTOIiERANCE.
CrciHS-rerereiici-s.
Consciontious 1. England. 1090
Unexpected 1. of Pilgrim.". 5U1
See lUGOTUY iu Uh\
INTOXICATION.
Uesponslbillty for crini.s M. ♦2965
See INTEMl'XUANCK in loc.
INTRIfSIIE.
(ienius for l.-Beaumarchais. ♦2900
INTHI«iIJER.
Successful 1. -Sunderland. ♦2907
See PLOT in Inc.
INTRODUCTION.
Crossreferenec.
Uidlculous-S. Johnson.
INVASION.
Cross references.
Terrified by 1. -Montezuma.
Threatened-Spanish Armada.
INVENTION.
by Accident-Splunlng-jenny.
" " -Chauncey Jerome,
Aid of I.-Cajsar's sickles.
Appreolated-Pc wer-loom.
Benefit of i.-Eartheuware.
Crisis of 1. -Ellas Howe.
Discouragement in l.-J. Watt
Failure of i.-O. Washington.
Genius for I. -A. Lincoln.
" " -Chinese.
" " " -James Watt.
Great 1. -Spinning-machine.
Growth of i.-Many minds.
Preservation by i -Greek fire.
Saved by i.-tho State.
Useful 1. -Chauncey Jerome.
" "-Pit-iron,
in Youth-Crompton's "mule."
012
1085
2028
♦2908
♦2909
♦2970
♦2971
♦2973
♦2974
♦2975
♦2976
♦2977
♦2978
♦2979
♦2980
♦2981
♦2982
♦2983
♦2984
♦2985
♦8980
Mlscellanp'-us cross-references.
Architectu t: i.-Llmited. 282
Genius fori, 'reeks. 283
Misoredited-'. lescopes by R. B.697
Protectlnn by -Archimedes. 343
I'liiipplledChiiiege- Magnetic n. 273
Victory by 1. of canm.n. 350
Want spui-s 1. -Weapons -Tools. 3.17
INVENTIONS.
Co-operative 1. Arkwrlght-W
and Polltics-Cottongln.
INVENTOR.
by .\ccidenl-S. F. H. Morse.
Trials of 1. John Filch.
Wronged-Ell Whitney.
-I'chn Kay.
See DISCOVERY uihI INOENUITY
I'n lot'.
♦2988
•2989
♦2990
•2091
♦2992
INVEMTKiATION.
Oppodtid-Flnaniiial England. ♦21>9-1
licsentcd by Cliircndon. *'Ma
Siartling 1. Credit Mobllier. ^2990
Mlseellaneouft cross-reference.
Personal 1. Koyal Majorlan. 1051
See E.KA.MINATION.
Needles8-Eud of web shows. *1959
Fearless of e.-Mptliodist
.See EVi.iKNCK .n (oo.
INVESTITIENT.
Timely i. 'Manhattan Island.
.See PURCHASE in loc.
IRON.
Importance of 1. England.
Prlzod-Early (iroeks.
705
♦2997
♦2998
•8999
M Isci'Uaneous cross-references.
Honored metal-Crown.
il »t 14
Invention of pit-iron.
Manufacture hii\dcred.
" of 1. opposed.
" prohibited.
Money debased with 1.
1321
1330
2985
8420
4415
3425
.SG.56
IRONY.
MIscellanerns cross-reference*.
Apostate's hatred shown. S549
Invader's apology to (tesar. 250
See RIDICULE in loc.
IRRITATION.
Cross-references.
Flattery causes I. -P. the Oreat.8155
of Friend -Voltaire-Fred. IL 8155
ISOL.\TION.
Safety by 1. -German States. *8000
ITINERANCY.
Ministerial l.-Methodlst. •3001
JEALOL'SY.
Appeal to j., Voltaire's. *3002
Cruelty of J.-Commodiis. ♦.'J003
Extensive j.-Fatal-200 Virgins. ♦;«)04
National j.-English-French. ♦3005
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Anger of j.- Voltaire. 3003
Childish j. -Blaise Pascal. 701
Cruelty of J. -Persian kings. 603
Defeated by J. -James V. of 8cot.306
Discord of brothers by j. 1626
of Popularity-Politician's J. 4806
Prov^/ked, Intentionally-H. TOl
.IKSTINCJ— .iriXJMKNT.
Revenue of J. -AsHiiult. awoT
" " " Dimiloy. a(W7
Soldler'Bj. UulnouH AKhHm. laai
of SuocosH-lliirnriMivcs. .lltlH
rnaffocted by J. A. MikioIh. (W17
Victim of J. -A. .Tiicksoii. Ill.Vl
Si'c HIVAI,.
Authority In r«l'.«l<.u H. VIII. l^liM
llltternuMH toward r. ('lay. I-IV
l)anK»'rous r. to royalty. WHl
Ulsllke of r.Cleoro. II.M
Hateful r., WIfo'H. IKHW
Jealous of r.-O. Goldsmith. 4ir>;l
" " S. Johnson. •»lf>0
MortifyliiK HUcooHs of r. docitor.'lKW
Threat of r.-Niiro Hrllannlcus. 4:100
S.'U RIVALS.
Combat of r. -'rhebiins. ."WH-l
l)«featof r.byJofforson-I,over»..'t;).Ml
Discord In Kov'l by r. Acre. silir>
Vemalu r. ()(^tavla vs Cleopatra.dl.'ltl
.loalousof r. Ilrollit'rs. Itl'Jli
" '• H. .lohiiHon. ll.'iO
" " Kobi'splorro. lIMa
Wife vs. (loncubliiti r. t'lKM)
Sri' '.^.NVY und SfsriCION in i«\
JICNTINO.
J)ati).'er of J. Dumoriillzlnu. ♦;i(K)(i
Si'C .loKI') III liir.
JKNIHT.
AboUshed-Kr., Hp., I'orl.and S.*!l()or
Achievements of .1. l)lstln({'d.*:ti)OS
Assassination by ,J. llfiiry IV.*;«Hm
" " -\Vm. of ().**)1()
Kstrantred from J.-l'ope. *;ii)l1
Mission of J. -Cosmopolitan. *:*Mi!
PlotthiK of ■I.-diinpowdcr pl()t.*M(ll.i
Popularity of . I IHth century. *;)01.»
Power of J.- IHth <:entury. *:mu
Purpose of J. -IHth century. *;H)I(;
Kesoued by J. I'apacy. *.'!0I7
Self-saerlflcoof J.-Bct;'vol'nco.*301H
vs. the State Knitland. *S01»
Sui)press«d by ({ovcrnuiout. **)'J)
VIcesof J.-lnshK'orlty. *30ai
Victories of J.-Klctlt Urns. *aO'i'i
UlHccllanoDim crDSs-rcfiTiMn^i's.
Conscience perverted by J.
Dlstrn8ted-Im|)osturo.
Equivocation of J.-Kules.
Falsehoods concornlnK J-
Uerolsm of J . misslonui Ics.
Prohibited In New York.
See (.'ATilOLICS in loe.
UlKccllanpnus croaarefereiiccs.
no Comforter but J. -Mary 6.
Honored klnif-Oodfrey.
Klnc, the only-Puritans.
" of all nations.
KluKdom of J.-C'ontrasted-N.
Precious namo-Martyr.
SalDta with J.
See CHRIST in loc.
JEWELRY.
Passion for J. -Henry VH.
Miscellanpoua croBS-refcrcucos.
Extravagance In j. -Charles I.
Treason for J, -Woman.
1105
3iti;t
SSMt
lais
■AMH
4710
5007
8071
28!)4
8;M7
4137
1453
•3023
2011
5698
JK\Vi:i<N.
CriisH n-rrrt'iifi'.
Sacrlllcod to religion.
4iHy
JICWN.
MlHi'»»lliUMMniHfroM$ ri'ffronci'B.
Capitalists, Nat Inn of Kurope. 713
Kxtortlons of .1 r.Mli century. 71v
Hatred toward .1. crusaders ;)lll
Opposition to .1. Jusilllfd. 1.W2
Oppression of ■■ Diawlntttuoth-JNil
" " .1. by Moors. 3mi3
Persecution of .1. ICnKland. ii'J-.'
" " Krance. II^H
PlunderiiiK ■'. Kdwurd I. 71(i
" " lawful for princes. I 111
Suppression of .1. .lerusalcni. ■17.')3
JOKE.
Accepted "' Worthy to bear." ♦;!(WI
<'rnMK rcfiTrlu-.'.
I'rai'tlcal J. on (ioldsmllh.
'JOdI
JOKES.
I'nii^Hcal J. Kred tlie(;real. *:uys>
3oy
(Jrims-rffrmifi'.
Abuse of friends by J,
Kc'i. IIOA.X.
Suicossful h., Thomas Hood's. ao.W
Victim of h. (). (ioUlsmith.
.Sc'c IIOA.XKS.
Suc(!eNs by h.-W. IrvhiK.
JOlJIIiVEV.
Itrldal j., Thos. .lellerson's.
Tireless J.-" Soft litter."
S!«(ll
♦^'.wi;
•.■1(«0
Misct'Ihiiu'^ms cruHMrofcri'ncc;'
Delusive J.- Crusaders.
Dreamer's J. to lleavi^i M.
Kxhaustcd by J. M. Luther.
Kxpedlted-I'utnain to Boston
Extraordinary .)., Wolsey's.
Sad J. -Luther to .XuRsburK.
S»/rr'iwful J. '•.! captives D'rfi'U
Scr AI>VK.\Tt!KI';itS.
Disappointed 'I'lu^odorlc and (i
Numerous with Catit. J. Smith.
3111
y-ll
Iil'J3
imi4
IKU.'i
M
1. ,')(),'■.
*7!l
*N0
Komarkablc a.-De Soto'sexp'n.lHKO
Successful a. TIircMi men. 1070
S.'c I'll.liRlMAOl':.
MeniorlalsOld hImics. .'Will
Sic VoVAliK
Celebrated v. of (Jreoks. •.')K()7
Preparation for v. Churiih. ♦.'JHOH
Fatal v.-Youth to labyrliitli. (iO.li
Prevented, llapplly-(}oldsmlth..')031
Scf EXI'KDITIO.N and TRAVICL
in loc.
JOV.
of Discovery-Galileo. *3088
Fatal j. -Shock to explorers.. *30'.J".I
IntoxIcatlnR 1., Wellington's. *30:!0
Public J.-Acqulttal of 7 Ups. 'JJOSl
MlHcollaiieous croflsreferencos.
of Benevolence-A. Lincoln. .ViO
" " -Faraday. .W7
-John Howard. 4192
-Rev.J.Newton..3077
of Huslness Chaunoey Jerome.
" Dlseovery Spaniards.
Dnmchtlc J. of .Marclus.
Fatal J , Lover's.
Iiieoiislderate J. of pi iice.
of I'eaeo War of IHl','.
Id'actlon of J. Insanity,
of Iti'all/.iitliiii Ciiliimbiis
KellKious J III persiriitlon.
Spei'fhless J Lujolals.
of Sui'i'ess ColiiMibus.
In Wealth Siiilden.
Sif ('lli:i';itl''i:LNKSS.
.'.'.mulated (iiieen .Mary.
8:5
tiuo
WW
lla
lOUl
4091
.'KHIH
4H'.'3
r,Mi
.•I'.HIH
MtlH
4HIS
•7SM
Ni'eessi>ry in worship.
0100
I'lilltlc vs. .Melanrlioly.
1070
.•^... KI'S'lASY.
Ki'IIkIouh e. .Iiiliii Kuiivan.
•I70H
Sir 1';.\II1LARAT1(IN.
of Music vs. Hrliik.
37.'>3
Sif AMlSK\ti;Nf, IIAI'l'I.N'KSS
ami l'I.lv\.'-I-Ui': 1/1 Inc.
Jl IIII.EE.
.National J , llilllsli, year IHdO. *30.'l!.'
Sii-rKLKltKATHi.N,
MarrlaKeflranilsonsof Tliiiour.'7'll
Miiiili'lpal c. Ciiiistanlliiiiple. *7ta
National <;. Centennial. ♦713
in Itereavenienl .Inly Ith.
Ji :d«;e.
Illshonorable J. It. Wright.
9UH
•3033
MiHM'Ilaiii'iiiis rin^.s rrfiTi'iirPH.
Dlsteiiipcred .1 .lelTroys. iiflOO
Infamous J. .leffreys. OIKil
Inliunmnily iifj. Jeffreys. 'iH>Y2
Savaije J. JelTieys. 'ID-IH
Shameful J -.Appliis. 3'.I73
ji;d4;en.
Despised J. Alhenlaii. ♦;J034
linparilalj. Kiirly (irecks. •30;i.'i
.liistlie liy J. Ancient Persians. •.■XKIO
I'arlisaii J.- KelKii of Jas. II. ♦.'«)37
Kepiitablo J. Athenian. ♦.«);}«
80.11
VM'i
laoi
1217
1203
MiM-.ll;irirouf iTiiMS-niriTiMicert.
Abuse of .|.-l''le(l'!rlck II.
Aiipointed for verdict.
(,'orrupled liy bribery.
Oliseipilous J. -Charles 1.
.s™ trMI'IKK.
Dangerous u. Kdward I. •.'5740
Sir CUIKTS III lor.
JVDUmK^T.
Dishonest J. souuht. *3039
Duplicity in j. Francis North. *:10.J0
by Kxperts-Fred. the Great. ♦;i041
Mistake of j.-(Jeneral Gaffo. '3042
Partiality In J.-Chas.Sackvllle.^3043
L'nfortunatc j.- Louis XVI. •;«)44
Mlfccllaneous croHsrefercnceB.
Clouded by temper-Jeffreys. 2900
Commendcd-Falrfax too much 8.10
Defective J.-8plrlfual lack. 844
Independence In J. -Grant. 5094
Pervert«d-Tai of Colonies, 5747
876
JUDGMENT-DAY— KNOWLEDGE.
Ifel
i \
Prohibited by Queen Elizabeth. 726
See OUITICISM and OIINIONS
in Inc.
JCJOOinENT-I>A.Y.
Antlclputed-Mahumet. •3046
Fear of J.-d. by 8. Johnson. *3048
JURIES.
Coerced by Jeffreys. ♦3048
JVRISPRVDfiNCE.
Origin of j. -Roman. *3047
Miscellancou!) crcissrcferences.
Monumental work of Julian. 4
Signs in Roman j. 3985
See COURTS imd LAW in loc.
JURY.
Determined j. -Trial of 7 Bps.
Imprisoned for verdict.
Limited-" Three days."
Perverted by clergy.
Unterrlfled j.-Trlal of Penn.
♦3049
♦3050
*30,'J1
♦SO.'ia
♦3053
Cross-reference.
Corrupted with money-Eng.
JUSTICE.
by Combat-Ciauls.
Even j.-Arlstides.
Exceeded-Bajazet.
" -Theophllus.
" -Emp. Adrian,
by Force-Francis Dralie.
Governmental j. -Roman.
Honored-Canute the Great.
Impartiality of j. -Roman.
" "-Turlcs.
" " "-Alexander.
Mocliery of j. -Papal,
for Money-Egyptians.
" " -Jeffreys.
Outraged-Jeffreys.
Partiality in j. professed.
" " '-.Agesilaus.
Pontic j. -Cardinal Wolsey.
Public j., Origin of.
Satisfaction of j. -Mahomet.
Systematlzed-Charlemagne.
Tardy j.-Rep. of Cromwell.
669
♦3054
♦3055
♦3056
♦3057
♦3058
♦3059
♦3000
♦.3061
♦306a
♦3063
♦3064
♦3065
♦3000
♦3068
♦3067
♦30C9
♦3070
♦3071
♦3072
♦3073
♦3074
♦3075
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Affection surrendered to j. 3063
Appeal for j., Vain-H. VIII. 0060
Claims of j. met-Mahomet. 1436
Failure of j. in punishment. 2754
Granted-Demanded. 2873
Haste imperils j. 3051
Honored-Benefiolal. 4631
Importance of j.-Trlal. 5705
Outraged by treaty of peace. 4097
Partiality in j.-Romans. 1261
Poetic j. -Normans vs. English. 1064
Refused by courts-Persecution. 702
Regard for j. by Puritans. 171
" " vs. Popularity. 3861
" personal j.-G. Wash. 56
Regarded-Capt. John Smith. 3803
by Reprisal-Cromwell. 4776
Restored-Jeffreys' court. 5796
Retributive J. -Nap. at Moscow. 1055
Sold for money-13th century. 661
Surrendered to Star Chamber. 1266
.See ARBITRATION.
Rejected by Eng. -Napoleon.
♦278
Confidence In a.-Barbarians. 2617
Peace by U. S. vs. Eng. 1596
Settlement by a.-Ala. claims. 4826
JUSTIFICATION.
Cross- reference.
by Works-M. Luther. 6166
See ATONEMENT.
Belief of Am. Indians. 51,58
or Vengeance-Am. Indians. 4848
See VIXDK'ATION.
Audacious v.-Hotliwoll. ♦5832
.«ee CONVKliSlO.V in loc.
KiI>^AI>PINCi.
by Government I'lngllsh. ^3076
KINDNESS.
Religion of k.-Rev. J. Newton.^3077
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Conc'eala faults-IIurvey.
Crime of k. to criminal.
Reprimand of k. -Johnson,
of Savages to Columbus.
Spirit of k -Pope to Howard.
See FAVOK.
Flattery for f. -Voltaire.
Ingenious request of f.
Rejected-Responsibility.
Seductive f.-(iolden rose.
See TENDERNESS.
with Courage-Garibaldi.
" ResoiutenesB-Cromwell.
Lack of t.-Mary Stuart.
See BENEVOLENCE in loc.
2465
4466
4775
2649
145
2825
4663
1258
2161
♦5569
♦6970
6041
KINDRED.
Cross-reference.
Confidence of k. withheld. 6201
See KINSMAN.
Lines reversed of klnship-Inds. 2068
Obligation of k. to Mahomet. 918
See RELATIVES.
Responsibility for conduct of r.4570
See FAMILY in loc.
KING.
of Fanatics-John Baccold. ♦3078
Infant k. -James of Scotland. ^3079
" " -Henry VI. ^3080
Oddk.-G. Washington-Siam. ^3081
Unklngly k.- James II. +3082
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Degraded-Musician or m'n'rch.2066
2894
3081
1328
2671
3367
1666
2665
Distinguished from others.
Do-nothing king of Slam.
God the king of Romans.
Jesus the honored k. -Godfrey.
Lawiessk. vs. Loyal man.
Mistaken for the k.
Nominal vs. Real k. -England.
Office of k. decllned-Cromwell.
" " " " " 3189
Sllghted-LouIsP.-lncog. in Am. 217
Young k. disclplined-Henry VI.1620
See RULER in loc.
KINCii>OI?I.
Crosji-reference.
of Christ-Eternal k. -Napoleon. 3347
KINGS.
Unhappy k.-Wllllam III. ♦3083
See KINO and RULER in loo.
KINSinAN.
Miscellaneous ero.ss-references.
Lines of kinship reversed-lnd'8.2068
Obligation of k. -Kindness of M. 918
See FAMILY in loc.
KISS.
Miscellaneous crosH-references*
Honored by A. Lincoln's k. 6102
Loss by a k., Manllus'. 107
in Public-Roman Consul. 107
Royal k. rewarded of Edward IV.47
of Subjection-Pope's feet. 28r*
" Welcome-Raleigh-Axe. 1244
KISSES.
Cross-rt'ftTence.
Sacred k-Cru.'iuilers.
8112
KISSING.
Husbanda-Orlgln of k.
♦3084
KNEELING.
to God only-Alex. Munay.
♦3085
Crops-rcfcrencc.
Exposed and Ind'gn'tlon 8h'wn.l687
K>IG/> 1 '*OOD.
Ceremoi f>i < .n airy. ♦3086
Cross-reference.
Origin of order of k.-St. John.
See CHIVALRY in loc.
KNOWLEDGE.
Desired-Samuel Johnson.
Eagerness for k.-Poet Shelley,
Happiness by k. -Socrates.
Humility for k. -Divine,
without Learnlng-P. Cooper.
Limitations of k. -Aristotle.
Progress of k.-Aristotle.
Promotion by k.-Jared Sparks.
Sacrifices for k.-B. Franklin.
"-John Fitch.
Theft of k.-Stilpo.
817
♦3087
♦3088
♦3089
*3090
♦3091
♦3092
♦3098
♦3094
♦3095
♦3090
♦3097
Miscellaneous eros:: refer.
Cost of k.-Lottery-P. Cot (
Criminal k.-Persecutio~
Dangerous k. of law.
Experimental method In k.
False k. of Aristotle.
Love of k. -Blaise Pascal.
Opposition to k.-Cathollcism-E. 736
Perilous pride of k.-B.'s defeat. 97
Pursuit of k.-Peter the Great. 2328
Responsibility comes with k. 48S6
" of k.-"Gunp. p.'
Self-k. by adversity-Fred. V.
Unapplied-Chinese-Compass.
Valueless k. when unapplied-C. 273
See EXPERIENCE.
Guidance of e.-Dlsc. of S. A.
Needless-Corn. Perry-Am R.
Persor ai e. for reformation.
Test of human e -S. Johnson.
■ It
2u20
2224
"2089
84
2978
M988
♦1989
►1990
♦1991
Benevolence prompted by e.
Gained by lofs-Spaniards.
4355
2815
LABOR— LAW.
877
•3083
610S
107
107
1 IV.47
1344
■ It
lud^meiit from e. -Father. S108
LesHun of e -' Adversity." 3a77
-Napoleon I. 4081
Lessons of e. -Peter Cooper. 1785
" " -Soldiers. 2814
-Wm. P. of O. 6ia»
of Poverty-Lessons-Job son. 43S5
Sympathy from e -S. Juunson. 54i)3
Untaught by e. -James II. 40H5
" " '■ -Crusaders. 4150
See EDUCATION and INTELLI-
UENCE in loo.
LABOR.
vs. Capltal-EnKland. *3098
Deuraded by charity. *30i)9
Deliverance by 1.-" Apron." •3100
EvenluK 1. -English vs. Irish. •SlOl
Expensive l.-Geo. Washington. ♦3102
Fo reed- De fence-Invasion . *3103
Honored-A. L'jcoln. ♦3104
by Impressment-Kngland. ♦3105
Lost-Audubon-Mlce. ♦SlOO
Machinery relieves l.-Changes.*3107
" "-Mining. •3108
MIsapplled-Chlnese wall.
Oppressed by law-England.
" -Fixed wages.
Profltless-IIand-l.-Cotton.
Prolonged-14 hours.
Reduced by machinery.
Remarkable l.-John Wesley
Respected-Napoleon.
Success by 1. -Jamestown Col. ♦BUS
M'agesofl., Small. ♦3119
" " " Raising opposed. ♦3130
Youthful l.-Thurlow Weed. ♦3121
♦3109
♦3110
♦3111
♦3112
♦3113
♦3114
♦3115
♦3116
♦3117
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Abusive 1. -Horses. 4,55
Agricultural I. honorable for R. 151
" " " -Servlce.156
Appreclated-Oxen. 6154
Clerical 1, Need of. 931
Degraded by charity. 3099
Demoralized-Qold-seekers. 2388
Desplsed-Cortez. 2.391
" -Lacedremonlans. 8536
Hardships in l.-Mlners. 4294
Honored-Mother of Wash. 2786
Little children's 1. In factories. 804
Memorlal-Slave-Labrador. 1890
Misapplled-Newton an alch'mlst.814
Music relieves l.-Italy. 3753
Neglected-Colony of Virginia. 1531
In Old Age-Luther. 133
' -Ilerschel. 134
Oppressed by avarice-London. 429
Perseverance in 1. -Minister. 3846
" useless L 3847
Prodlglous-Cajsar's soldiers. 4484
Promotes thought-Burns. 1016
Refusal of 1., Patriotic. 3539
Regular royal-Louis XIV. 3393
Respected-Con. Congress. 3539
Revolt against 1. by Probus's s. 310
Reward of I. -Joyful-Lincoln. 3661
Rldiculed-Demosthenes. 4424
Value by I. -Sculpture. 334
Wealth by I. -Peter Cooper. 5975
Wronged by law- Wealth. 4290
8co TOIL.
Contentment In t.-Abd'l'nym's. ♦56.35
Rewards of t.-Cyrus.
See WOKK.
Change In w.-8outhey.
Dignity In w.-Uoyalty.
End of w.-Beda.
Life w. of Columbus.
Silent w.-S. A. Douglas.
♦5636
♦6148
♦6149
♦BI50
•6151
♦6152
II.
Charity In the form of w.-J,
Noble w. of dull man.
Overwork-Fatal-Fulton.
Perfected Is lastlng-Vlrgll.
Posterity considered in w.
Relieves the mind In adverslty-S. 91
Rewards of pious w.-Mahomet. 862
Survives the worker-Shakesp. 2.585
See EMPLOYMEXTid loc.
780
29(_)7
l»i02
2311
3270
LABORER.
IIonored-Abdolony mus.
Impoverished- English .
♦3128
♦3123
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Abused-Apprentlces. 798
" " overworked. 799
Oppressed by legislation. 5665
5006
" " Union Soc. 5063
Women the 1. -Savages. 8598
LABORERS.
Despised by Normans.
♦3124
Ignored-Magna Cliarta.
♦3125
Cros.-i-roference.
Mutilated by Theodorlc.
164
See APPRENTICES.
Abused by labor and whipping. 798
" " overwork.
799
See WORKERS.
Wanted-Colonists.
♦6153
Worth of w.-Oxen.
♦6154
See WORKMEN.
Intemperance injures w. 8921
Regard for w.-Church-bulldlng. 865
See EMPLOYMENT in loo.
LAmENESS.
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Fever brings 1. to W. Scott. 8882
Wounds bring l.-Tlmour. 6171
See CRIPPLK.
Distinguished c -Timour. 615
LAND.
Division of l.-Beneliclal.
Ownership of l.-England.
Unimproved 1. -England.
♦3186
♦3127
♦3128
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Limited toseven acres for a. 158
Monopoly in 1. Imperils the state. 152
" of 1. abolished. 3691
" -Plymouth Colony. 3697
Poverty with l.-U. S. 4345
Title to 1. dlsputed-Indlans. 4331
See LANDS in loc.
LANDLORD.
Cross-reference.
Despotic 1. -Louis Philippe.
See HOTEL in loc.
784
♦3180
LANDS.
Hereditary l.~Koiiiaii.
Sec 1,.\ND 111 luc.
LANlilTAOE.
Adaptation of l.-Oreok and R.^3130
Contempt for l.-Battlo of H. ♦3131
Importance of l.-l.ycurgus. ♦3137
and Maiiners-Uonians. ♦3132
" -Kiirly ages. ♦yiSS
Origin (if I. liy inspiration. ♦31.'M
riiradislai' I'irsian-Mahomet. ♦SISS
Training in I.-Honiaiis. ♦3136
Miscolluru'uus cross-references.
Actions speak-llurling a spear. 41
" " -"Cutting popple8."43
Beauty of 1. lost by translation. 6.59
Brevity in l.-"I came, I saw." 659
Degrading 1. In controversy. 4.594
German 1. " created" by Luther.761
Mernoriuis in 1. -Names. ,^568
of I'aradi.se-Persiiau-Mahoraet. .3990
" Piety vs. Profanity. 5802
Pompous 1., Dr. .luhnsou's. 4280
Precision in use of 1. 1176
Savages without words of abuse. 22
of Symbols-Barbarians. I'.l.M
Unmeaning 1. of social interc'rso.708
Wordless 1. in music.
See WORDS.
Backing for w.-Lysander.
Hasty vv. -Henry II.
Origin of w.-" Sandwich."
Thrilling w.-Bp. Latimer.
3751
♦6144
♦CHS
♦0146
♦6147
Disease affects use of w. 1640
lUvsty w. -Contrition for-II. II. 2069
Memorial in noble w. 6147
Verbiage of diplomacy. 1698
See SPEECH in loo.
LASCIVIOVSNESS.
Misci'lliineous cross-references,
in Pagan worship-Dances. 2085
Dances of 12th century. 1717
See LICENTIOUSNESS tn loc.
LAVOHTKR.
Cross-reference.
Power in l.-Palmerston. 1311
See AMUSEMENT and HUMOR
in loc.
LAW.
Above 1. -James II.
Delay of l.-John Hampden.
Ignorance of I. -Romans.
Levels all-Emperor Julian.
Majesty of l.-Protectlon of h.
Mockery of 1. -Romans.
Novice in 1. -Patrick Henry.
Overturned by Charles II.
Partiality of l.-England.
Sacredness of 1. -Socrates.
Supremacy of I. necessary.
Suspended-Rome.
Technicalities of l.-Pllgrlms.
Unprotected by l.-Prots. In I. ♦3151
Without l.-Britisb Cabinet. ♦3152
♦31-38
♦3139
♦3140
•3141
♦3142
♦3143
♦3144
♦314,5
♦3146
♦3147
♦3148
♦3149
♦3150
Disobeyed by Bunyan-Imprison.SlS
vs. Duty-John Bunyan. 4393
Growth of 1. by experience of n. 908
878
LAWS-LETTER.
Ineffective-Prohibition In Oa.
" ' -Abuses In Ireland.
Lawyers enforce or breal; 1.
Obsolete l.-Usury-Roman.
Independenoe of 1. -President J. 749
and Liberty from Kom'ns and U.90Q
Majesty of 1. -Justice. 8062
PrlvlleKed violation of l.-16th o. 420
Relaxed for revelry-Timour. 741
vs. Usage-Theft. 6754
Broken by Emp. Targulnlus. •3153
Dlsref^arded by Am. Colonies, *3^^>l
Enforcement of l.-Good. *3155
Obsolete 1. -enforced. •3156
Printed law-tho Flrst-Eng. •31.57
Proposal of l.-Athenians. •3158
Severe 1. repealed. •3159
" "-Egyptian. •31(50
Sumptuary l.-Uoraans. •3IG1
' •sic.a
Suspension of l.-Lac'd'm'nrns.^sna
Unwritten I. of Spartans. •31(54
Civil vs. Divine l.-France. 499i
Contradictory 1. -Persecution. 4ia0
Defiance of 1. -Criminals. 1299
Defled-Plrate-Captaln Nutt. 4000
Distorted by James II. 1K43
Evasion of 1. -Pericles. 1930
Government without I.-Indlan8.S4.30
Human vs. Divine 1. -England. 5998
Impotent-aKalnst Bribery. 1208
1216
4.500
4253
3170
5757
Partiality In executing l.-Poor. 4297
" " execution of 1. 4009
" " enforcing 1. 1242
In Poetry-First 1. 4223
Respected, bad 1. -Dissenter. 3148
Severe l.-Capltal punishment. 45(54
Strained by accusers. 1934
Sumptuary 1. opposed. 3416
" -Dress. 9C1
Superseded by necessity. 2447
Surviving the 1. of England. 1010
Unexecuted-Corruption. 1254
-Severe-Debts. 1465
Unwritten l.-Lycurgus. 5109
" "-Assassins. 1136
See GOVERNMENT and LEGISLA-
TION in loc.
Ignorant l.-Publlus Cotta. *3165
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Changed by sermon. 1089
Criminal I. -Jeffreys. 1994
Impudent I. -Useful-Jeffreys. 2888
Odium of client given to 1. 3861
Preparatory to politloal life. 83
liAl^YBRS.
Arts of Roman 1. *Sl&i
Hatred of 1. by Germans. •3167
Imprisoned for deceit. *3168
Patriotic 1. of N. Y., yr. 1765. •3169
Special L-Reign of James II. ^3170
liAYmBN.
Ignored-9th century.
♦3171
Miscellaneous cross-references.
i'reaohers, Work of-Methodist.8612
CiMf-sacrifioe of L'Metliodist. 806
LEADKR.
Matchless 1. -Henry Clay.
Noble l.-.Iohn Wlnthrop.
Unnatural 1.-" The tall."
•3172
•3173
♦3174
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Deserted-Qeo. Washington. iSm
Duty of 1. on the Held. 1269
Natural l.-J. Smith. 4877
Timid 1. unsuccessful. 1222
JLEADERS.
Change of 1. ruinous.
•3175
Cros.H-referonce.
Strange l.-Crusadors-dooso.
E.EADEKSHIP.
MirtecU.ituMms crosa-reft'ri'nces,
without Aurhorlty-Ind. Chief,
mindly followod-Sheep.
Destitute of 1. -Charles I.
Impaired by large views.
Merit rv.iulred fori.
Natural l.-IIenry Clay.
5451
3780
3740
1482
4311
6765
4277
4310
25C0
3170
4281
1274
2026
"-William Wallace.
Omen of 1. -Tarquln.
of Public opInlon-Greeley.
Resignation nobly offered.
Resigned after failure.
See GUIDE.
Invisible g., Constan tine's.
Unseen g., Constantine's.
See GUIDANCE.
by Dream-Cicero.
" " -Deliverers.
" Good genius-Good men.
See GENERAL and GREAT MEN
in loc.
liBARNING.
Dishonored-James II.
Esteemed by Puritans.
Honored by Tlmour.
Secular 1. rejected.
Superficial I. diffused.
Wide 1. of Samuel Johnson.
♦2192
♦2493
1722
1724
3706
•3177
•3178
•3179
•3180
•3181
•3182
Miscellaneous cross-references,
Iiifiuence of l.-Courtesan. 1256
Mlsapplied-Dlscussion. 2170
Needless-Plead in Latin, 2164
Proficiency in l.-Egypt-Astron. 3.530
Progress in biblical l.-Tyndale. 566
See EDUCATION and KNOWLEDGE
in loc.
LEGACIES.
Christian 1. m Church. •3183
Eagerness for l.-Romans. *3184
Enriched by l.-Cicero. •SISS
See INHERITANCE in loc.
LEGACY.
Miscellaneous cross-references.
for Churches-15th century. 554
of Political advloH-Augustus. 100
LEGISLATION.
Complicated 1.-" Log-rolllng."^3186
Corruption of 1. -Parliament. •SIH?
Fanatical l.-"Barebone8 Par."*3188
by Packing-Oliver Cromwell. •3189
Bidiouled-Brltisb ia Am. Col. *3180
Special I. Emp. Justinian. *3191
Strange I -A. Jackson In S'iiate.^3l9»
Suspended 1.-" Eleven years," ♦319:i
Unintelligent l,-8tamp Act. *31U4
Miscellaneous cross-references.
by Bribery-Hated-Practi8ed-W.66(J
Caste 1. in England. 1734
Controlled by bribery of Chas. 11.(574
Corruption in 1. -Seeming. 2Hiiii
Devices in l,-"Log-rolllng," 4216
Discussion denled-Engiand. .'i23a
Education required-Spartans. 181*^
F'lucatlonHl 1., Lycurgus*. 1803
Illegal by excluslim of votes. 2422
Impractical 1. of sp'c'latlve phll.4167
Intimidation of 1. -Paris mob. 658
of Intolerance-Piigrims-N. Eng..591
Obstructed by Bibulus. 385(>
" " " .T.)28
Partiality in 1 -Franks. 3273
" "-Prots.andCaths.1818
Poor oppressed by l.-England. 4298
■m&
Poor wronged by l.-England. 4290
" 4293
against the Poor-Game law. 2277
without Prejudice-Successful. 2678
Prevented by usurpation. 1303
Prosperity by Solon's 1. 4359
Religion by l.-Erap. Gratlan. 4715
Responsibility in 1. 3158
to Restrain Tice-Gaming. 2275
Retaliatory against Holland. 979
Revengeful l.-Brltlsh-Bostcn. 990
Shameful l.-15th century. 428
Sumptuary l.-England. 1735, 1738
1733, 1734
Timidity In 1.- Conservatives. 1131
Tyrannical l.-Eiig.-Am. C'rnles.4101
" " " Commons. .'=;38
Wise principle in l.-Solon. 3153
LEGISLATORS.
Mlscellani'ous cross-references.
Bribed -£5000 for one vote-Ir rnd.663
" -House of Commons-First. 664
" habitually-Scotch lords. 665
Corrupted by v.-M. P.-Crom, 410
Discharged by Cromwell-Rev. 410
Terrifying 1. by a demagogue's m.40
.See LOBBYIST.
Successful l.-M. Crassrs. •.3325
See GOVERNMENT, LAWS aal
POLITICS in loc.
LEGISLATURE.
Cross-reference.
Godless-Parliament. 3828
LEISURE.
Mlscelliineous cross-references.
Art requires 1. 2524
Importance of 1. to J. Bunyao. 81
LENITY.
cellaneous cross-references.
Official l.-Robert Bums. 1558
Ungrateful for l.-Iiinocence. 1242
LETTER.
Decoy l.-Am. Revolution. ♦SIW
from SeaTeO'Pope's letter. •3300
LETTERS— LICENTIOUSNESS.
879
Mlaccllaneoiin crnsn-referencet.
AnnoylnK l.-Warnlnif-Alex. 1048
Interrupted-Bumb!«h«ll. I-J'IO
Mystery to Amerlcau Indians. Mm
Postscript to 1., Imponunt. 77
Set CORUESI'ONDENT.
Burdensome o.-C.'sBonln-law.'i'l'^O
Civilization by I. -Germans. ♦.3197
Mystery of l.-Am. Indians. •3198
Mlscellanoniis crnM-referenccB,
Importance to hlstory-Crom. 3921
" 418;^
Imposition by 1 -noaz.
Postal service oT)put<ed.
Hoe MAILS.
Detained by Government.
See WRITING.
Substitute for w. -Cords.
2058
4332
•3386
•6174
Careless W.-336 words in s'ntnce6819
Obscure style In diplomacy. 1598
" w.-Napoleon I. 3902
Offensive fctyle-Greeks. 8302
Sublime w.-" Paradise Lost." B307
See LITERATURE in loc.
I.EVITY.
Characteristic 1. -French. *3199
Contrasted-EnjT. and France. *3200
788
Cross-reference.
Fictitious l.-Mary wife of Wm.
See HUMOR in loo.
I^EWDNESS.
Habitual 1. of Charles II. *3801
See LIOENTIOUSXESS in loc.
LIAK.
Proverbial l.-Dick Talbot. *3202
See LYING.
Polite 1. hurtful. ♦3373
See DECEPTION and FALSEHOOD
in luc.
lilBEL.
Trials for l.-Willlam Hone. ♦3803
Miscellaneous crosa-references.
Anonymous l.-Mllton.
False accusation of 1.
Indifferent to 1. -Frederick 11.
Press prosecuted for 1.
•• If «t it
See CALUMNY.
Instlgated-Maxlmus Fabius.
Opposition by c.-Cha.s. Wesley.^702
1165
3049
52{)9
4430
4438
♦701
Bid for c.-Sootch Insurgents. 1947
Punished-Injuries In kind. 3160
Shameful c. of physician. 1048
Victims of c.-Knlghts Temprrs.1939
See SLANDER.
Defence from s.-Napoleon I.
from Envy-John liunyan.
Fine from s. -$500,000.
Opposition by s.-J. Wesley.
Persecutor's s.-Constantine.
of Piety-Richard Baxter's.
Punished by James I.
Rewarded-Dlck Talbot.
Victim of s.-Columbus.
•5170
♦5171
♦5172
♦5173
♦5174
♦5175
♦5170
♦5177
♦5178
Abusive B. of Nap. by Britons. 24
of Americans by Sam. Johnson 214
InconitUteucy of s.-Nup. I. by K. 21
Shameful s. of woman. fio;u
Victim of s.-Cromwell "KIur." .Wici
" " "-Bolivar. 1011
lilBEnALITY.
Cloak of l.-Coniinodus. ♦.3201
in Opinlotis-John Wesley. •3205
Uncertain 1. of Charles 1. ♦32iMi
See BENEVOLENCE and GENKR-
O.SITY in loc.
I^IBIiR-riES.
Demanded-MaKna Charta. ♦.')207
Lost-Mass. Colony. ♦3208
Unprotected-Irl.xh Prot'8fnts.+320'J
See LIKEHTY in loc.
lilUERTIIVE.
Aged l.-Louis XV.
♦3210
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Devices of l.-Applus. S973
Paradise of the 1., Mahomet's. 3!)!)2
See LICENTIOUSNESS in loc.
LIBERTY.
Celebration of 1. -Paris.
Champion for 1. -Lafayette.
Cloak of 1., Criminal's.
Defence of l.-EnK. In Ireland
I)elu.slve l.-Kumand.
Devotion to 1. -Lafayette,
in Dls)Kuise-C:ivilization.
Emblem of l.-I'ole.
Endansered-Fugltlve Slave 1
Enthusiasm for 1. -Lafayette.
Government for I. -Roman.
Lost by Athenians.
Lore of 1., The Dutch.
Martyr for l.-Henry Vane,
of Mountalneers-by Arms.
Personal 1. -Habeas Corpus.
Proclamation of l.-Em'nc'p't
Protected by law-llth cent,
by Reactlon-Wm. the Conq.
In Rellglon-Janies II.
Religious 1. -Colony of Md.
Secured-Magna Charta.
of Speech denied. -Commons,
vs. Tyranny-Boethlus.
Unexpected-A merican.
and Union-Sources of 1.
by Vigilance. British 1.
♦3211
♦3212
♦3213
♦3214
♦3215
♦3210
♦3217
♦3218
. ^32 10
♦3220
♦3221
♦;W22
♦3223
♦3224
♦3225
♦3220
n*.S227
♦322K
♦3229
♦;«.so
♦3231
♦3232
♦.32:i3
♦3234
♦3236
♦3237
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Absolute l.-Ani. Indians. .3780
vs. Assassluatlou-Caesar's. 4316
Bestowed by slaves. 6202
Bold endeavor for 1. 5790
Caste in l.-Magria Charta. 3125
of Conscience-R. Williams. 1101
-Cromwell. 1108
1103
1104
Demagogue's license. 3522
Devotion to l.-John Brown. 3088
" "-Lafayette. 8225
" " Lafayette's. 176
Difference in l.-Say-Do. 5299
Enthusiasm for 1. misjudged. 3048
Fearless champion of 1. 3379
Funeral of 1,-Am. Colonies.
4071
" " "-Stamp Act.
3586
Joyous 1. -six Burgesses.
4630
Laud of l.-I'enn. Colony.
4087
v.s, Loyalty-England.
1090
Martyr for l.-T. Hansford.
4003
Modern 1. from Germans.
708
Opposed by Romanism.
4984
•• !• 11
4985
M ti 4t
4942
«' " II
4943
Perseverance for I.-N. Haven.
4107
Pica for natural 1.
4580
vs. Popery-Illstory,
4308
of Press denied.
4464
" " defended.
4433
" " -Safety by.
1435
Rcstoredrllltlmed.
1144
UIght of l.-^Mugna Charta.
4911
Seeming nmrtyr to 1.
U21«
Treachery to l.-New York.
4072
Truth brings 1.
5725
Tyranny (tailed 1. -France.
5739
\'lce undermines 1.
32«2
Watchful for 1 -England.
1130
See KIIKEDOM in loe.
E.IBKARIES.
Ancient 1. -Arabian. ♦3238
Subscription 1. by li. Franklin. ♦32;i»
Miscellaneous eruss references.
Destroyed-Alcxandrian-T. 598
Stolen l.-Yiile Uollege. 973
LIBRARY.
Destroyed at Alexandria. ♦3840
" Constantinople. ♦3341
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Founder of circulating l.-B. F. 2331
(iift of l.-John Harvard. 8288
Small l.-Archbp. of Caiiterbury.3180
LICENSE.
(,'rosHreferenee.
Legislative 1. for murder.
0873
LICKN'I lOVKNESS.
Authorized by Mahomet.
Fashionable at Milan.
Literary 1. of John Dryden.
Pontifical 1. of Clement II.
Prevalent 1. of Cavaliers.
Regal 1. of Louis XV.
Ruinous 1. of Dagobert.
♦3248
♦3843
♦3844
♦3245
♦.3840
♦3S47
♦3848
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Abandoned to l.-Carlnus. 1701
Accusation of 1. -Shameful. 2066
Allurements to 1. -Napoleon I. 8595
Appeal to I., Woman's-Cleopat.eo.'jO
with Austerity-Spartans. 0137
Blot of l.-Charles II. 3469
Cultlvated-Sparta-Ruln. 6137
Degraded by l.-Charles II. 4973
Dispensation to 1., Mahomet's. 2.588
vs. Education-England. 1803
Encouraged in high life. 3704
Famous for 1. -Buckingham. 8416
in Heaven, Mahomet's. 2540
Lewdness habitual-Charles II. 3201
in Literature-Reign of Cbas. 11.3320
^li'
880
Notorloiy by l.-(,"atlllne. 1805
In Old Akb-LouU XV. 3810
Ovomilud-II. VIII.-Ref'rm't'n. 1055
Papal 1 -Jolin XII. 4305
PorlU of l.-Cousplrators. 4477
Produces crime-Murder. 1308
Promoted by the drama. 1717
Public 1. -Spartan baths. 0137
Uebuked, Associate's 1. 870
Kepulsed-Uesejitment. 4800
Ruin by 1. plotted. 2288
Kulued by l.-PaIiBolof(us. 4073
Sancitlflod by murrlaKe. 4714
Shameless I. -Louisa Maria. 4i00
8tate endaiiKered by 1. 6113
Theatrical l.-En>fland. .VjS-I
" "-Romans. 65H8
" "-Theodora. 4.').'13
Victim of l.-Kdward III. 4586
See ADULTERER.
Advances of u.-P. of M. 8tuart.3aia
Blot ofa.-Mahomet. 3248
Confirmed a. -James II. 0882
Devices of a. -Emp.Valentinlan. 8276
Merciless punishment of a. 3063
Papal a. -John XII. 4305
Keparatlo'- by murrlaf^e. 8458
Royal-Edward IV.-Wlves of L. 47
8elf-con fussed a.-Kalse. 5177
Wife wronged by husband. 6068
See ADULTERESS.
Approved by husl>and. 4490
Arts of the a.-J.-C. Sedley. 5054
Bondage to a.-James II. 60,54
Distinguished a.-Pompadour. 8347
Influential a.-Aspasla. IS-^e
Patriotic a.-Fulvla. 6097
Respected a.-Aspasla. 6084
by Restraints- Ilonorla. 3436
Self-confessed a.-(iueen of Sp. 5125
Strange charm of a. -Sedley. 8843
Successful a.-Antoiiina. 4858
Victim of a.-James II. 6085
See ADULTKKY.
Excused by Gabriel-Mahomet's. *63
Punishment for a.-Exiled by J. ♦64
Shameless by nobllity-15th cent.*65
Vengeance for a.-Pope Jno.XII.*66
Victim of a.-Peredeus. *67
Common a.-Roman.
Confessed for divorce.
Diverted evidence of a.
Emasculation or death for a.
Evidence of a. -Difficult,
in Uigh life-Charles II.
Oppressive a. -Tyrant Gildo.
Prerogative in a.-Mabomet.
Shameless a.-Common-Europe.3243
See CONCUBINES.
Passion for c.-Elagabalus. 960
Power of Persian c. 959
See COURTESAN.
Influential c.-ABpasla-Athen8.*1256
1295
2188
1949
3160
1931
3470
5745
4210
Reformed c.-Theodora. 6996
Tyranny of c.-Milo the athlete.5960
See INCEST.
t>7 Marriage of relatives. 3454
See LEWDNESS.
Habitual 1. of Charles II. *3301
LIFE.
See LIBERTINE.
Aged l.-Loul8 XV.
♦8210
Devices of l.-Applus. 3978
I'aradlse of 1. -Mohammedan. 3992
See I'KOSTirUTK.
Distinguished p. -Theodora. ♦4.'>33
Expensive p.-Charles II. 60ai
Honored p. -Empress Theodora. 3191
" "-(Joddess of Reason. 4684
Power of p.-PolltlcaI-Loul8XV.6079
6080
4373
" " " -I'ompadour.
Rule of p.-l'oppiea.
See I'UOS'I ITUTES.
Dress of p.-Luxurious.
Rules of p.-Papal chair.
Wives made p.-Uothlc.
See KAI'E.
Attempted r.-Joan of Arc.
by Stratagem- Valentlnlan.
Vengeance for r.-Oath.
Victim of r. by soldiers.
War caused by r.
See SEDUCTION.
Avenged on Carinus.
by Promises-IIenry VIII.
Punishment of s.-Constantlne. ^5075
4611
3086
1200
♦4610
2376
5786
6118
5010
♦5073
♦5074
4578
67
MlscellunedU!* cross-refcrencts.
Punished severely-Aurellan.
Ruinous scheme of s. of P.
See SEN.'^UALITY.
Imperial s.-Commodus. ♦SIOS
Religious s.-Pagans. ^5106
Paradise of s.-Mohammedan. 3992
See MISTRESS and SEXES in loc.
LIFE.
Aim in 1 . , Diogenes' . ♦3249
Ambition of 1., J. Milton's. ♦8250
Changes in l.-S. Houston. ♦3251
" "-Captain Cook. ♦3252
Attests Character-Humble. ♦3863
Choice In l.-Parable. ♦3854
City 1., Love of. ♦3255
Degraded-Romans. ♦3366
Delusive l.-Gibbon. ♦3257
Destruction of l.-Crusades. ♦3258
Farewell to l.-J. Q. Adams. ^3259
Forfeited by neglect. ^3260
Future l.-Am. Indians. ♦3261
Impediments in l.-S. Johnson.^3262
Indestructible-Am. Indians. ♦3263
Influence of a good 1. ^3264
Inner 1.-" Inner voice." ♦3865
Insignificant l.-Blbalus. ♦3866
Lengtliened one fourth. ♦3267
Measure of l.-Charles XII. ♦3208
Miserable 1. -Roman slaves. ♦3869
Neglected-Robert Burns. ^3370
Object in l.-Epicurus. ♦3871
Opening In l.-A. Lincoln. *3872
Price of human 1. ♦3873
Protected-Geo. Washington's.^3874
Public 1. for others. *3276
Purpose in i.-John Milton. ♦3276
" "-Peter Cooper. ♦3277
Qaalification-Edueation. ♦3278
Rational-Roman Emp. Alex. *3S79
Regulated by Stoics. ♦3280
Rules of 1., Swedenborg's. ♦3281
Secret of L^oslah Qaincy. ♦3283
8hortened-"Artemui Ward."
Simplicity of l.-Baokwoods.
Start in l.-Aiex. Stephens.
Successful l.-Wa.uli. Irving.
Training for l.-Jo.>lah Qulncy.
Uncivilized I. -Am. Indians.
Unhappy i. of S Johnson.
Useful l.-Hlr II. Davy
Value of l.-iu Gold.
Vanity of l.-Belisarius-
Vision of 1. -Strong and weak.
Wandering 1. -Tartars.
Wasted l.-Charles II.
♦S28»
♦3284
•3285
♦3280
♦3287
♦328*
♦3280
♦3£90
♦3291
♦329!>
♦3293
♦32fr»
♦8894
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Abandoned to vlce-Cartnus. 1701
Absolute surrender of 1. -Glad's. 109
Accident directs 1. 4062
Ambition of 1. rebuked. 2471
Amusement an aim in 1. 1524
Animal 1. -Regard for BuddhlBtB.286
rttrocious 1. of Nero.
Barbarous l.-Am. Savages.
Begging for 1. -Monmouth,
of Benevolence-Emp. Titus.
Burdened by Idleness.
Changed by bereavement. A.
4965
4641
5139
4307
2708
J. IDS
' 6086
" " sermon-Lawyer. 1089
Changes In l.-Prefect John. 2212
Charmed-Perils of Wm. P. of 0.3633
Comforts of 1. renounced. 6677
Consecrated to the gods. 2864
Contempt for l.-Martyr's. 3«06
Cut off early-Genius. 2323
Defeated 1. of Burns. 2027
Defects seen In l.-Meditation. 1760
Destroyed by pe8tllence-London.692
" -Cffisar's war. 5898
" -Attlia's war. 5899
-Napoleon I. 5900
by famine-One third.2078
D<38truction of 1. by earthquake.1769
" " "-Immense. 6180
" " '• " 5181
Devoted-Fanatics. 8843
" to others-Spartans. 4045
Devotion of l.-Soldler8-Roman.3838
Disappointments in 1. 1007
Diversity In l.-Nap. -Peasant. 187
Duty more than 1. 2788
Endangered by astrologers. 1953
Enlarged by education. 1781
Estimate of 1., Low. 4&14
Estimated by accumulation of w.432
Examined after death. 22!j8
Exhibits character-Plato. 1314
Failure in l.-Emp. Eonorlus. 1877
Failures in practical 1. 2030
of Faith for temporal good. 2035
" "-G. Mailer's. 2037
Forest 1. of Audubon. 8106
Frivolous 1. of Grecians. 903
Happiness by benefactions. 2368
Happy 1. without wealth. 4880
Hardships In l.-Mortallty. 811
Hidden inner l.-Wm. P. of O. 4024
Immoral l.-no Conscience. 1110
Imperilled by assassins.-L. Phil. 360
"-Victoria. 861
«t t* •« •« MA
LIGHT-LOAN.
881
InpertUed by assaaBins-Croinw. 366
'• 370
" Cwsar's 1. 140S
Improved security of 1. 48B7
Inoomplutu-UupUael died at 37. 348
Indlfferenue to human l.-War. lUTO
Inner vs. Outer l.-l'oet Young. 1B70
for Llfe-Retrlbutlou. 4840
LoB» of 1.-15 Years. 3100
Lost by exposure-Bunyan. 1487
" " " to wet-Wash. 1417
Love of 1. In old ane. 1408
a MLsslou-Stonewall Jackson. &8S8
Mission In l.-Wm. P. of O. 3033
" " " Sense of. 3041
Misspent l.-Plllur saints. 5018
Money for l.-jei5,000,000. 8007
Monotonous) 1. of monks. 217
Narrowed by poverty. 8123
Neoe88arloH-I>yre-Spon(?e-Br'd.3748
Planless 1.. Milton's. 2107
Pleasure-seeker's 1. 4037
Precarious support of 1. 1074
Preservation of own l.-Crom. 821
Preserved-Cajsar's soldiers. 5822
Private vs. Publlo l.-Mahomet. 4210
Prolonged bv virtue. , 3714
" 137 Yeurs-Legend. 6212
by diet. 2170
Public vs. Private l.-Dlverse. 788
' -Wm. P. ofO.121
•• " "-Queen Anne.558
Purpose of a true l.-Llncoln. 1309
" in l.-Great-MUton. 2107
Quiet 1., Preference for a. 3809
Race for 1. 460S
Ransom for i.-Alarlc. 1145
Regrets in later l.-W. Scott. 19
Resolving vs. Doing-Johnson. 1390
Result of l.-Winding sheet. 2475
Reversal of expectations in l.-S. 190
Reverses in l.-Nicetas. 2211
Review of 1. in death-GrenvlUe. O.'iS
Ruined by wrong-Napoleon. 2201
Sacrifice of 1 . -Political. .5793
" to save l.-Shame. 3879
Sacrificed to avarice-Workmen. 429
' -Soldiers. 483
" for l.-Moors. 5968
Sacrifices to save 1 -Property. 004
Saved with reproach. 1238
Saving 1., Joy In-Llpcoln. 536
" of l.-Precedenoe to. 8588
" 1., Efforts in- Arctic. 3332
Sensational overwrought-Rom. 103
Shame burdens l.-Huss. 1964
Shameful I. overlooked. 3177
Shortened by drink-Alex. 2912
" " -Galerius. 2925
•t
««
(ft
-Louis X.
2929
l»
(•
-Athalaric
29,30
t«
it
-Alexiinde
•.2931
••
•(
-Douglas.
2937
••
ki
-Army.
2939
•t
•»
*.
2940
M
tt
-Bums.
2954
•I
<tt
*«
-Poe.
2955
«•
by neglect-Qlbbon.
3200
▼B. Sincerity-Martyr Huss.
1918
Striking out in l.-l
^'ranklin.
6.38
Suooess In L-Boethlus.
891
Surrendered gladly-Defeat. 1494
" cheerfully. 1430
" nobly. 3820
Transformed by education. 1797
Turning point In 1. -Loyola. 758
Unappreciated by Emp. SeTerus.200
Unsatisfactory 1. of ambitious T. 205
Useful sacrifice of l.-Tolcmttchu.f.835
Valued more than honor. 5952
Vanity of l.-Captlv« klutf. 3292
" " "-Testimony. 3;iH2
Vice destroys I. 4917
Vicissitude In l.-C:. Jerome. 2.')2l
" " "-L'olumbus. 247.)
" Inl. of Cuptuiu J. Smltli.80
" "-Columbus. 2200
" "-Nobility. 2210
" of 1. -Isaac Newton's. 108
Views of 1., Diverse. 3.'il0
Wasted In battle of Pontenoy. 09
Weary of 1. -Marlborough. 21.")
See EXISTl. iJE.
Memorials of o.-P'ow Indians. 3.'j08
SCO IMMOIiTALlTV.
Belief In i. by I'oet Shelley. ♦27I.J
Faith In 1., Arab's. *2ri0
Hope of l.-Walter Raleigh. *2747
Belief In i.-Socrates. 3707
" " '• strengthens. 1412
of Brutes doubted-S. Johnson. 080
Burial for I.-Am. Indians. 1425
Confident of i.-J. Bunyan. 1192
Effective Christian doctrlne-G. 8.14
Preparation for i. by bravery. 1410
Soul's 1 -Socrates. 5270
Stimulates courage, Belief In 1. 1424
In Work-Church-bullding-Mab. 804
See AGE and FUTURITY inluc.
LIGHT.
Contribution of l.-"IIaug out."*329C
lutroduced-Londou streets. ♦3297
Opposed-Gas-Loudon. ♦3298
18.'>3
0147
2058
1224
Mi8cellaiienu3 cross-references.
Electric l.-Columbus.
Truth-InextinguIshable 1.
.See MUON.
Dwarfs Inhabit the m.
Influence of m. discarded.
Testimony of m. for Mahomet. 3623
See SUN.
Worship of the s.-Perslans. ♦MSS
Right of way to the 8.-Diog'nes.3416
Utilized in war-Anolents. 353
" " -Archimedes. 343
lilGHOTNING.
Fear of 1., Superstitious. ♦3299
" " "-W'sh'ngt'n's mother^3300
MIsccIlancoui croaa-references.
Death by l.-.(Esculapius. 4169
Significant l.-Sacrlfices. 4994
LIOIVS.
Cri)9s-rffcrcnce.
Perilous allies against Invaders. 174
LITERATURE.
Conceit In I.-Later Greeks. ♦3302
Effects of L-MUltary. ♦8803
Fame In 1. -Limited.
Genius In l.-Tasso.
" " "-Arlosto.
'-Milton.
-.1. Dryden.
" " "-Shakespeare.
Honors of I. -.Milton.
Importance of l.-Kmno.
Opportunity in I. -Alex. Pope.
Pleasures of I. -Clius J. Fox.
and F'overlj .smnuil .loliiison.
Preservation of I. -Monkery.
I'roaigatu l.-Kiigllsh.
He< orapuiisty of l.-.\li!x. Pope.
Uosloratliin of l.-.\rabs.
Hldlculed-Cnisaders.
Vicious EiiglUli 1.
♦.3.301
♦33(»
♦3.'«)tl
♦a'107
♦3308
♦3.'W9
♦331(-
•3.J11
♦3312
♦3313
♦3314
♦3.315
♦.3310
♦;«17
♦3318
♦3319
♦3320
MiHCL'lluiicoiis cro.s.s-reftjreiices.
in Age-John Milton. 135
Ambition In l.-John Milton. 194
Decadence In 1. -Greeks. 2908
Dcollno In 1. -Constantinople. 3241
Dictator In l.-S. Johnson. 1307
Devotion to 1. In death-Ba3da. 0150
Earliest Roman 1. -Drama. 1718
Early tralniiii,' in 1.-I5. Franklin. 0;j6
190
1.35
4224
3775
8,')42
2743
Sim
3244
Enduring reward of I. -Scott.
Iliifcebled effort of age-Mllton.
Feebleness In 1. -Frederick II.
Genius In I. -Roger Bacon,
in Ilcaven-Shakcspi'are's.
Imllalion In l.-Fameless.
Iiidecency in l.-Arlosto.
Licentious 1. of J. Dryden.
Low state of l.-Age of Ch'rl'm'ne.032
Period of Arabic 1. 3238
Popular test of l.-PUgrira's P. 108
Progress of civilization by 1. 2339
Sickness by devotion to 1. 1039
Style In l.-RMiculous. 1167
Unappreciated-Danes. 8715
Warfare in 1. -Bitterness for M. 23
SeeAUTIIOK.S, HOOKS mid SCHOOL
in I'ic.
LITIGATION.
Period of l.-15th century. ♦3321
Cross-reference.
Principle more than money. 3139
LITTLE 'i'HINGS.
Importance of-Spanlsh War. ♦3323
Cross-reference.
Trifles vitiate servlcjc.
LITVRGV.
Opposed by Scots.
4685
♦3323
Cross-reference.
Opposition to l.-Scots.
See RITUALISM.
Rejected-Cathollo-England.
6133
♦4915
Trifles vitiate service. 4685
LOAN.
Hopeless I. to S. Johnson. *3324
MIscellancouB cross-references.
Refused by professed friend. 2224
of Wife to friends-Spartans. 6187
S«e OBEDITOR and DKBT (n io«
882
■lobbyist.
Huoceuful l.-M. CraaKiiH.
•3325
liONflKVITV.
CauB08 of l.-Julm Locke. ♦ilit.'ti
by I'rudenoo-Petor Cooper"*. •3347
MIscvllikrieDUH crom refureuce.
Secret of l.-Joslali (iuliioy.
Sec A(ll<: in luo.
LOUU.
Absent L.-II.of ('(iiiimiina.
See (K)I> ill too.
LON».
(JhIq by l.-lliinnlbul.
Irretrleviible 1 -HedKemoor.
3889
•3338
•*Ja9
•&S30
MlacelluiieoiiH erosB-ruferonces,
Irreparable 1 of arohlteotural m.H'iO
Made Kood by cDurdKu- 1^-17
E.ONSKS.
Disparity In 1 -New Orleans. •3.331
Croas-refcrenco.
Made (food by uoiiraKe. 1847
See BANKKUl'TCY and DAMAUK
in too.
LOST.
Soeklnft the l.-.Sir J. Franklin. ♦3338
LOT.
Choice by 1. -Turk mans. *3333
Mlacellaiieoua croaa-rufcrencos.
Decision by l.-Columbus. 8804
Selection by I. Mahomet's father. 795
LOTTKRY.
Profitable l.-Exporlence-P. C. ♦3a34
See LUCK.
Days of l.-Anclent. •3301
Courage under ill-luck.
Days of l.-Romnns.
Encouragement for good 1.
liOVB.
Abode of l.-"Agapemone."
Accidental l.-W. Scott's.
Active l.-Chrlsllan.
Battle of 1. -Lovers.
Changed by 1. -Another body.
Conjugal i.-Napoleon I.
Disappointment In l.-K.
Infatuation of l.-M. Stuart.
Juvenile 1. -Napoleon I.
a Necessity-Cannoneers.
Passionate I. of Shelley.
vs. Prudence-Agesllaus.
Religion of 1. -Napoleon I.
Romantic l.-Geo£frey Rudel.
" " -S. Johnson.
" -Shelley.
Shadow of I.-W. Irving.
Supremacy of l.-Domestlo.
08
1395
6081
•33:i.5
•3330
*a337
•3338
*3:«9
•3340
•3341
•3348
•3343
♦3344
•3345
*:i346
•3347
*a348
•3349
•3350
♦3351
•3358
MlacelLineous cross-references.
V8. Ambltlon-Napoleon-Jos.
Controlled by Marlborough.
Kiotltlous 1. of Queen Anne.
First 1. of Robert Burns.
104
1699
6052
558
4219
LOIUJYIST— MADNKSS.^
at First Hlght (iarlbaldl. WHO
Unitltude heiiets 1 Howard. 8115
InHplres endeavor-Burn^. ■'•.'I'J
Lawlo8s-(,'()nlagli)UH example. '■i«li)
Magnanlintty of l.-Jodeplilne. ;!-'0I
Mission of l.-Purdoii. 3U!)8
Itespected-llumlili! llfi'-Niip. 187
Haorlflces of 1. W'eniwort li. 8510
Survives abu»e-Mr.i. Ilyroii. 3105
'rranslent-8udden-(;ro(;ki)tt. 3138
Universal l.-Ams. excepted. 215
Unreuiprooated-Swfdenborg. 183
LOVKll.
Fallen l.-Ileriiunilo ( ortcx. *33.")3
Fickle 1. -Robert Hunn. ♦33.V1
Youthful l.-Lord Byron. ♦SSSS
MIscc'lluiK'niia crossrcfercnci'S,
Artfiil-Cleoputra. 0130
mind I. of Catherine .Sedley. 2+18
Hllndod-Marous. 1075
Ensnared-Antoiiy by Cleopatra.OlSO
Fdsclnated-\Vm. the Conq.
-Itobort lluriis.
Female 1., Mahomet's.
"-Honorla.
I're.scrvatlDH of 1. -Ariadne.
Royal 1. of Lucy Waters.
Unsuci'O.ssful-Isaac Nowtou.
V'Ults of I., Dangerous.
LOVE Its.
Rival I. -Jefferson -others.
8.583
4819
3478
3(70
0051
3170
591)2
C019
♦a3u6
MUcellaiieoua crosa-reforcnccs,
Rellglous-Sensual-England.
Restrained-Church service.
See AKKl.MTY.
by Complemeut-\Vm. V. of O.
" Contrast-Aniie-ChurcliIII.
-Burnet-Halifax.
See AMIAIilLlTY.
Savages-no Words for abuse.
See FREKLOVKUS.
Religious-Sensual - English.
See I'lIILANTIlUOl'Y.
Example of p.-J. Howard.
Experimental p.-J. Howard.
Practical p.-J. Howard.
3a35
853
28;M
2888
2231
28
3335
•4103
•4104
•4105
Devotion to p. -Georgia. 4.502
Gift of p.-Smlthaonian. 1818
See AFFECTIO.\ a:.d KISS in loc.
LOYALTY.
Esteemed-Oil er Cromwell. *33.")7
Unreserved-Widow Windham. ♦3.5.58
Vigorous 1. of Bismarck. ♦33.59
Zealous 1. of Puritans. ♦3300
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Disqualified by 1. -James II.
Dlstrusted-Romanists.
vs. Liberty-Revolution.
Loving 1. to Adrian.
Outward 1. recommended.
Proof of 1., Severe.
Sacrifice of l.-Woman.
See FIDELITY and PATRIOTIS.M
in loc.
3549
4946
1096
4969
3848
1304
1348
LVOK.
Days of 1., Ancient.
♦33«1
Mlaeulluiipuua cruaa rofuruncei.
Courage under Ill-luck. M
Days of l.-U >mans. 1805
ErKtourageniunt for good I. 6081
See t'llANOES iind LOT in Inc.
Li;»IT8.
CroHs-referehce.
Licensed by Gabriel-Mahomet. 03
See LlCE.NTI()UrtNK.SS in loo.
LUXURIES.
Mlacclliini'oiia crosi rcterences.
Comparative l.-Scots-Eng. 1913
Di-inorallzing I. -Alexander. 5068
Ileaven's l.-Moliamniedan. 2540
Ut'.|ecttMl by Mahomet. 2678
Repres.sed by sumptuary 1. 8161
Warfare against l.,('iusar'8. 3168
LUXURY.
Dangers of 1. -Puritans.
Deidod-Oxford friars.
Employment of the poor.
Evil of l.-8partans.
Excess In l.-Alexander.
Misplaced In Roman camp.
Nauseous l.-Tobacco.
vs. Poverty-Romans.
Repudiated Primitive C.
Senseless 1. -Roman feast.
Unsatisfying l.-Iialan.
•3363
♦8864
♦a368
•3366
♦a360
•3307
•3308
•8369
•3370
•a371
•3378
Miscellaneous cross references.
Abollshed-Vlces gone. 8655
Character deteriorated by 1. 4888
Condemned, Roman. 3384
Corruption by l.-Rom"n families. 407
Debased by I. -Vandals. 953
Enervated by 1. -Romans. 901
Exhibition of 1. 8383
Increased by R. aqueduota. 4S9, 460
National enervation by 1. 4200
I'erilous to the State-Cato. 266
State endangered by 1. 5856
Suppressed by disgrace. 4011
See EXTRAVAOA^'CE in loo.
LYING.
Polite 1. hurtful. ♦3373
See LIAR.
Proverbial I -Dick Talbot. •3202
mACHINERY.
Benefits of m.-Clocks. ^8374
a Means-Samuel Johnson. *a375
Triumph of m. -Brass clocks. •3376
Miscellaneous crosareferences.
Genius for m.-Eli Whitney. 8118
Hallucination-Perpetual mot'n.5168
Importance of m. -Cotton-gin. 2988
Intrioate-Meohanical birds. 8383
Labor-saving m.-Clocks.
Relieves labor-Changes.
" " -Cotton-gin.
" " -Miners.
See INVENTION in loc
RIADNESS.
Effective m. of James Otis.
2984
8107
8115
3108
•3377
Miscellaneous cross-reference.
Courage of m.-Charles XII. 1389
See ANGER and INf >NITT
in loc.
MAOIC— MANNKU8.
883
niAOio.
llullof In m'-riilumbus. *a')T8
Hcu AMIHEMY.
liuokH uf a. UuMtroyed. BOTH
MtudeDtura.-Unad Newtuii. 811
Ht'.i ASTK()I,(I(1Y.
UeKard fur a.-lioman omena. 'USO
Crime proven by a. IflM
Faith In a.-Charlo» II. M4a
8oH OH A KM in loo.
ITIAGNANIiniTY.
Admirable m of II. Viinc. *;«79
Noble m.-Oonerul I.eo. ♦liSWO
uf HavaReH-UiionJuKas. *aas\
MlHcellaru'Ous cross-roforonoes.
of Arreotiou-Josepblno
Appeal to m., Alexunder'H.
In Forgiveness- WeHley.
" MIsfortune-Phlltp II.
Sairaolous ni.-Csesar.
In 8elfsa(!rlflce-Alexandor.
s™ OKNEUOSITY in (of.
15«8
aoan
^sa8
5095
9IAUNIFICENCB.
Ts. IlapplnesH-Abdulruhmaus. *3.381!
Oriental m. -Constantinople. *3;KJ
Koyal m.-Arcadlu8. *3384
MlBCcllitneouH crositreriTsncca.
Display of m. -Funeral of A. 4174
-Aurellan. 4476
" " -Cleopatra. OO.W
" "-WeddlnK-Tlmour50H7
Ezoessive m.-Con»taiitlne. 3903
8oe DISPLAY wul MAJE.STY
in toe.
mAIDKN.
Military m.-Grejjory's d'ghter.*338.')
Mlscellanciius cmss-rofcrencea.
Bravery of martyr m. 4143
Choice of m.-State-EUzabeth. 34.35
Demonlzed m. -Boston. 15G7
Influence of m.-Joan of Arc. l.'J.'iO
Persistent-Strange- Joan of A. 1557
Pltled-Jane MacCrea. 5108
Urged by State to raarry-KlIz. 3435
IflAIDEiVS.
Mlsccllariecmj croan-rcfercnccs.
Imported for raarrlage-Va.
Jealousy of m.-Fatal-Anlma.
MAILS.
Detained by Government.
34.58
3004
*3380
MAJESTY.
MiaceIluneoii8 ci'das-roferences.
Exaggeration of barbarian m. 1956
Impressive by display. 2421
See KINO and MAGNIFICENCE
in loc.
MAJORITY.
Rule of m.-Condemned. *3.387
Unconquerable m.-Pr't'sfnts.*3388
1389
Miscellaneous cross-references.
not Bound by m.-Clergy. 300
Needless-Catiline's. 1201
Reaction of m -Eng. politics. 4011
Rule of m.-" Annexing Eng." 8610
" " " -CouNulencuexu'pt'(l.'.j4Sl
Hubjugatliin of m.-Croniwull. 8018
ITIALI»NirV.
Parental m. of Frtidorluk VVm.*3;w9
(Jromrofcri ... •.
Unprovoked m. of Kng. bt .'(Kar8.4l)0
Hco IIATIIKK in ioc.
MAN.
Civilized m., < 'Iiuiiki.'.s in.
Deflnud by Plato.
I)egonorated~LoHt arts,
an Honest m.-four Kings.
Mission of m. -Stoics.
Monster m. -Napoleon I.
or a Mouse Kolwrt .Morris.
Origin of m. -Indian's cavern.
Uncivilized m.-Am. Indians.
*!t30O
•;i.ini
•3ai»3
♦IW'.l I
•.•i'l<J5
*aii»8
moH
10H8
WM)
5^82
■1225
ll.Mi
i;i52
13:13
12115
Ml.-^ccUantMiiirt croHsreforences.
Beasts preferred to m.
Hoy makes the m., The.
Degraded l)y sin.
Duality of ni.. Conflicting.
Handsome m. -(Jen. K. E. Lee.
Monster m. -Caesar Borgia.
Moral m. -Monster-Alexander.
-Caligula.
" " " -Caracalla.
-f'atilliif.
-C'nsftlneV. 131)2
" " " -Napoleon. 1.529
-Nero. 12S7
" 1347
" " " 13.59
-Timour. 1337
" " " 13ti8
Only a m.-Menecrates. .5779
Power of one m -Demosthenes. 18.50
" " " " -Napoleon. IHIK)
Primitive m. a poet. 4222
Regretting tils creationBuny'n.ll92
3091
3095
:jofl«
32.52
.5339
3407
Self-made m.-J .Sparks.
" -B. Franklin.
" -J. Fitch.
" " -Capt. Cook.
Tall m. -Abraham Lincoln.
" " -Geo. Washington.
Terrified by one m.-Napoleon. 4199
Unique m.-O. Cromwell. 127
Weak point in great m. 4224
Worst m. in history-Ph.II.of Sp.902
Sec filAXT.
Work of a g.-Cleomedes. 1530
See GIANTS.
Soldiers of Frederick William. 3584
See GREAT MEN.
Courting g. m. *3579
Periods of g. m. ♦3.580
Providential. *3.5H1
*3682
Colncldence-Romulus and T. 967
Dishonored-Columbus. 1048
-Admiral Blako. 16.57
Example of g.m. -Conversation. 1170
Overpraised-Pompey. 4370
Weakness of g.m. -D'mosth'n's.. 5959
See BODY, GENIUS, HUMANITY
and MIND in loc.
MAN<EirVRBS.
Ignored by .\dnilral Nelson. 'SligO
Wee srUAll'.GY in Inc.
MAlNliOOD.
Completo ra., Ca-nar's. •,340C
Deteriorated (irccks. ♦8401
Evinced In (Joellio. '.'HOa
Exhibited Taylor-Martyr. »840«
Forecast of ra.-S. Houston. •8404
Hone.st ni -Cromwell. *3105
Model m-Oeo. Washington. ♦34(H)
Physical m.-Geo. Washington. ♦.'H07
Kecognlzcd Ancient Germans. ♦3(08
♦;t4o«
Tcstod-Wm. P. of Orange. ♦3410
Mlseetlarienurt eronrt-rcfereneeB.
through Adverslty-ll. Davy. 86
Attained, Celebration of m. 2.500
Correction In m. -Poetry. 4108
Deficiency In m. -.lames II. 762
Insultiid by gift of dress. 2900
Measurers life Blbulus. 3260
Keiiouuced-Etnp. Klagabalus. 960
Sample of m.. Opposite. 4172
by Self-reliance Itlack Prince. 1,500
Virtue eviiuu's ni. Napoleon. 3595
Weaknecs of m.-Vitelllus. .3879
Youth determines m. -Cooper, 0204
MANIA.
Popular m.-Crusades. ♦3411
.MiscellaneouH cross-references,
for (Titlcism-Thaiikeray.
Popidar ni.- Crusade*,
for SpeculatloM-Eng., a.d
" " -France.
" " -EiigUnd.
" " -France.
" Sulcide-Wm. Cowper.
MANKIND.
Distrusted by (;harles II.
Inequality of m.-S. Johnson.
Prosperity of m. -Period.
1310
1375
1720. .5280
,5881
5282
52a3
.5427
♦3412
♦3413
♦3414
Mlsoellaneona cross-references.
Benefactors of ra.-R. Bacon. 1101
Detested by m.-Ca-sar Borgia. 4225
Enthusiasm for welfare of m.-L 210
Hatred toward m.-Faise charge.1358
Regard for m. -Aristotle's alms. 779
MANLINESS.
Miscellaneous eros^referencea.
Appeal to m., Success by. 1847
Education vs. m.-Gotlis. 3303
" " -Greeks. 3319
Lacking m. -Effeminacy. 1829
"-"M'gnflc'nt brute."1068
"-D'Argens. 2837
" "-Office-holder. 2660
Response of m.-De Soto. 1691
Tested-Failure of. 2119
See COUKAOE i>i loc.
MANNERS.
Blunt m. -Diogenes. ♦3415
Changed-Romans. ♦3416
Effects of m.-Well-Ul-bred. ^3417
" " " -S. Johnson. ♦3418
Neglected, Samuel Johnson's. ♦3419
w^
884
MAMFACTUUKHS— MAUHIAOK.
I'liilii lu.-O. Kox, quakur.
lIiiruHuud m.-H. JoliiiMon'i.
lirbuue m. of C'hurlvH II.
♦WSO
Mlnculluneout croM-ruforenoM,
Affe(sted by laiiK»iii{u. 81S8
Awkward aud uKllu-Hbelley. 443
Bluut m. of Wlllluiu III. i'i'iit
Brutal m.-Krudorlok II. 8601
Chivalrous m.-Ulauk Prlnoe. iiiWO
CuntraHtoil-AtheDlanH vm. L. 3TiM)
Corrupted m. duMtroy Home. ''ITUO
Ueueptlvu m. -Sunderland. 'iWSI
Demoralized by bad plilloit'pby.41U4
Bouontrtu m.-H. Johnson.
iimi
8064
30U1
2001
&ais
SJ78U
6070
Wi
SOUiJ
£ndanf{ored by wealth,
to Familiar m.-J. Uokk-
Imitation of m.-Jamux Mogg.
I'laln in. -Mm. Pres't Jackson.
Simplicity of m. -Mother of W.
TriilninKlnni., Kffectlvu.
L'ureUned m. of Cromwell.
Unrestrained m. -Perilous.
tine ACTIONS.
Speak-War-IIurllnf? the spear.
" -Tarquin cutting tallest p. ♦48
aoo AFFAHILITY.
Falsehood In a. -Charles II.
See AKKKCTATION.
Ridiculed by Thackeray.
See AUI>ACITY.
Brazen a.-Catlllno.
Deceived by a. of Napoleon.
Desperation of a.-Iudlans.
*41
1078
1600
*392
*393
♦394
Preaumptuous-CatlUne. 1801
Success by-Joan's attack. 1900
" -Pompey. 0810
Undaunted-Bothwell's. 5838
Women of Parls-Uovolutlon. 058
See AWKWARDNESS,
and AgiUty-Poet Shelley. ^443
Exhl bi ted-Etlq uette.
See DECENCY.
ReKard for d.-Younit Newton,
See DECORUM.
In Debate-American Indians.
Ministerial d.-S. Johnson.
See ETIQUETTE.
Burdensome e.-Edward IV.
Question of e. -Wash's Ad.
Restraints of e.-Anne.
1586
♦1478
♦1483
♦1484
♦1925
♦1926
♦1927
Awkwardness of t 1586
Disgusting e. -James II. 2590
Important-Gen. Washington. 4634
Necessary-Washington-Howe. 1589
Overdone-King upset. 1586
Quarrel over e. -Ludicrous. 750
See CUSTOM, FASHION and MOD-
ESTY in loc.
MANVFACTrRERS.
Exhibition-Boston Common. ♦8483
Fostered, Flemish m. ^3484
Monopoly in m.-Hatters. ♦3425
Restricted by government. ■
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Avaricious m.-London, 1837.
Benefited by proteotion-Eng.
489
979
Co-opiiratlon In m.-Kng. 1195
Entorprlwd of m. -Spinner's mule. 535
Independence in Am. C'olonloR.391 i
Monopolies In all m. 3080
Monopoly in m.-P. Cooper. 3fl!M
" " "-Plymouth Col. imiw
" "-N. E. Colonle8.3fl99
" " " N. Amsterdam.8700
Oppressed by leKlslatlon-N. Kng IIHO
Prohibited In Am. Col.-Iron. 8164
-Trap. 8190
Protection of m. needed. 863
Silk m., Delicacy of. 8361
Unpopular-Iron-England. 2165
mAR<;HiNU.
Prodigious m tipitnuns. ♦3487
IVAKINKII.
Famous m.-ColumbuH. ♦8428
ITIARINER8.
Cautious ni.-l'ornigui;se. ♦3420
See .SAILORS in loo.
mAHKS]fIAN.
Royal m.-Kmp. commodua.
Crob.(rcfereiico.
Accurate m.- Aster.
ITt.\RRIAGE.
Ceremony from Uonmtis.
Cheap-Kev. Alex. Keith.
Choice In m. vs. Appointment.
Coercion In m.-Wm. Wat.
DecUned-Quoen Elizabeth.
Denial of ni.-IIonorla.
Detested-Mary Stuart.
Disappointment In m.-Cr'ck'tt.
Dlshouored-Romau Empire.
Dowry In m.-Oxen.
Early m.-Isabella-8 Years old,
" " -Ayesha-O Years.
Encouraged by laws.
Excused-IIonry VIII.
Extraordinary-John Howard.
Forced m.-Anne to Chas. of F,
Fortunate m.-John Adams.
Happy m. -Peter Cooper's.
In Ileaven-Swedenborg.
Ill-chosen m. -Catherine of R.
Ill-mated m. -Louis XII. of F.
Imported form.-Vlrginians.
Inauspicious m., A. Jackson's.
Incestuous m.- Ancients.
Indecent m.-Mary Stuart,
to Industry-Sablnes.
Informal nn.-D. of Monmouth.
Irregular m. -Robert Burns.
Kingdom for m.-Qodwin.
Loose m. -Romans.
Mediation in m.-I. Newton.
Meekness In m.-Rumford.
Modes of m. -Romans,
for Money, Cicero's.
" " -Byron's.
-Chivalry,
without Money-Themistocles,
Morals in m. disregarded.
" " " needful.
Name by m. -Charles 11.
Promoted by Government.
Proposed by women.
♦8480
5104
♦3431
•8438
♦34;W
♦3434
♦3435
♦3130
♦3437
♦3438
♦3439
♦3440
♦3441
♦3112
♦3443
♦a(44
♦3445
,*3446
♦3447
♦3448
♦3-M9
♦34.50
♦3451
*mra
.♦3153
♦3454
♦3455
♦SI.-iG
♦3457
♦3458
♦3459
♦.3400
♦3461
♦3402
♦3463
♦3464
♦3465
♦3466
.♦3467
♦3468
♦8469
♦3470
♦3471
♦3472
by Proxy- Anne of fl. , ♦3479
" " -Princo Arthur. ♦!N74
•' " -Llewellyn. •8475
KecklesineNS In m.-IIonorla. ♦3176
of Relatives Middle Ages. ♦3t77
Uepeated-Jullus Coisar. ^3478
Repetition of m. condemned. ♦3479'
Romantic m. -Garibaldi. ♦8480
Second m. orltielsed. ♦3481
" " approved. ♦8489
Secret m. Spartans. ^84^
Secured by auction. ♦8484
Selection In ni.-Russlant. ♦8486
Sensational m. uf M. Luther. ♦348*1.
Splendid m. of Prince Hupert.^3187
Surprise by ni.-Juhn Mlltnn. ^3488
Uncertain-Madam or mlHtre8s.^34H»
Unendurable m.-John Milton. ♦8-t9a
Unequal m.. Treatment of. ♦.3491
Unfit for m. a reflection. ♦3498
Unhappy m. of Shakespeare. ^3493
Unsafe m.-Mary Stuart. ♦3'»94
Vow of m.-Capt. Cook-15 yrs. ♦3495
Wicked m. of Mary Stuart. ♦3496
Worthy m.-John Adams. ^3497
Miscellaneous croM-rcferences.
Abstinence from m. -Ottoman. 8061
Baseness In m. -Henry VIII. 458
Blighted hopesofm.,Sw'denb'gs.lS3
Broken engagement- Heart b. 8,''>34
Caste In ni. -England. 726
Celebrated in simplicity Jeff. S02O
Celebration <if m.-Tlmour. 741
Competition In beauty for m. 3485
Compulsory m. -Early Romans. 445
Condemned by PrlHcllllanlsts. 401
Consolation In m. -Widow, 5992
by Coutrast-Wm. and Mary. 1924
Conversion by m. -Pocahontas. 4743
with Cowards prohibited. 1280
Degraded by divorces. 1702
" views of m.-Spartans.OlSO
Degrading m. -Prostitute. 3191
Discreditable m. prohibited. 44
Dlsparaged-"an Intolerable n."2065
Disparity In m.-Rumford. 8462
Encouraged by leglslatlon-S. 446
Ensnared by m.-Mary Stuart. 3455
Estrangement aft'rm-W.andM. 1924
False promise of m .-Irene. 180
Forced m. -Wealthy heiress. 3187
for Fortune-Bollngbroke. 8274
Frequent m.-9 Wlves-Carlnus. 1701
2359
Nero. 4373
933
1917
304
2684
3004
Gifts to the brlde-Placldla,
Honored, Disgraceful m
Impeded, Clerical m.
Inequality In m. resented.
Inter-m. saves the State.
Lovers with m.-Queen Ellz,
Misery of jealousy In m.
for Money-Assyrian's auction. 3484
•' " -Vice ignored. 8408
Nuptials celebrated-Shadowed. 28
Octogenarian's prod'ctlve m.-C.139
Offer of m.-Humane. 3349
Prevented by poverty-Newton's. 108
Promoted by auction of girls. 3484
Reflections on m., Cromwell's. 3293
Regard for m.-Athenlans. 4640
Reparation by m.-R. Bums. 846S
MAUUIAGE8-MEAN8.
885
38.
i. iM61
468
i. 253-1
72a
, 8020
741
. 3485.
18. 445
I. 4U1
1034
,8. 4743
1280
1703
ns.eiso
3191
44
.'•20C5
8403
44&
. 3455
M.1024
180
3187
8274
B. 1701
2359
ro.4373
033
1017
304
3684
3004
0. 3484
84C8
ed. 28
.-C.139
3349
n's.103
. 3484
B. 3293
4640
346S
Hepufnanoe after m.->J. Mlltuii.6000
Huncnted hy luuliilaw-Alberlo. OUT
Mumiilty uf HI. proteotvd. 17U3
Muandiklous m. tu Uotbwvll. U188
Hticunil III., luduouiit. OIUU
Hourut III. iiu(«HHary-U. Ilurni. 3458
Hhttdovvud by imHUiiMltmtluuof I'.368
.Sbuin»rul m. Ilitnry Vlil. 408
bluful in.-Uo).'niloUHiiUNN. 4714
8onK luadH to in. .1. (^iiliioy. b'UVi
Murrowfiit m., Dtmtb ut. 631U
Htpltu, Conjiiuiil VlriiUiica. 58(11
True utid fulHu ni -Muiimouth. 8457
UnblaMed by iiiiinuy-HiiurtaiiH. 440
UnuonHummatod m.,Dlv'ruu forl098
Unfortunate m. -Count H. 4S03
" -J.Fltch-Vlxen.B005
Unhappy m.-Sam Houston. 8261
Vlue diHreKarded In m. 8712
Hue IlKTUOTIIMENT.
Early b.-SIr Hobort Pool. ♦SOS
Sue UIIIOK.
Cold welcome to b., Heomlnir. 8020
Dlffloulty IntorpoHod-CerboruB. 8388
Gifts for b.-Gold-P. stoiioH. 8369
Preparations of b.--Uoflnement.4643
Hemembered b.-JoBepbino. 3340
a Howard of valor. 3,')86
WaltluK flftcon years for-Cook.3495
See El.Ol'K.MKNT.
Royal e.-Phlllp of France. 'IHSS
Proposed to ShoUoy.
8350
Sue POLYGAMY.
Fanaticism tends to p.
8078
Justined by Milton.
3922
Permitted by Luther.
40,'58
Shameful p.-Bothwell.
2188
Unproductive of children.
4833
See WEDDING.
Brilliant w.-Orlontal.
♦5087
Present for a w. -Slaves.
♦5988
Abandoned by intemperance. S914
Feast-Urandsons of Timour. 741
Ridiculous w. Ancient Russian. 1184
See WEDLO(,'K.
Golden w.-Mercenary-Sp'rt'ns.*5989
See DIVOKCE, IIU.SBAND and
WIFE ill lie.
CARRIAGES.
Mixed m. of Romans.
Roman customs In m.
mARTYR.
False m.-Lord Rochester.
Sinful m.-Ohurchill.
♦M98
♦3499
♦3,500
♦8501
Sllscdlaneoiis cro88-reference«.
Courage of m. -Latimer. 6147
Honored-St. Peter's at Rome. 4500
to Liberty of the people- Vane. 3384
Political m.-Agis the Spartan. 1000
Sufferings prolonged. 41.33
Tender distress of m.-Taylor. 2073
Tyrant changed to m.-Beoket. 6145
Unterrifled m.-Hugh Peters. 2305
Victory of m. in death. 4038
fs. Witch-Joan of Arc. 1950
inARTYRDOm.
Coveted by Mass. Quakers. ♦3503
" early Christians. ♦SSOS
Devotion to in. -John Knox. *8A<^|
Einlnenue by m. 'rhuH.U«oket.*ar>06
ITIAH'rVRS.
Fanatical m. DuiuitlHiii. ♦3600
First iSuRllsh m. ♦8607
MiMioiiary in. Jesulta. ^3508
Tortured by Nero ('lirlMtlan. *xm
True in. Hyrlan douiom. ♦3610
Mlacollniiuuiiii croim rvfvrt'ncua.
UnRllsh in. Taylor- Lutlmor-C. t8:)8
Miracli.'M of Catholic ni. aiUi
Heed of the Church-Hcota. 4i:iiJ
Hf« ri;KSK<:rTlo.N m<oo.
ITIARVKLN.
Age of ni,-(irn*'(Mv ♦3511
ITIA8QIIICRADE.
Deadly in.-CoiillnKrulloii. ♦3612
nt ASSES.
Arouacd-KuKllsh Ituvulutlon. ♦SSSS
Overlooked by hlsti.'rlans. "'XfiX
Power of tlio m. -Stamp Act. •3625
*' ' -Tea-party. *3520
MisccllanuouH croBs-riferuiiccii,
Appoul to the m. -Antony.
Courted by Ctusar.
Degraded-Roman.
Enthusiasm of the m.
Fickleness of the m. -Napoleon. 272
" " m. -Death of Soc. 700
" " the m.
Ignored In government-Gauls
Jealousy respecting the in.
Patriotism of m. -Boston-Rev.
Power of ra. -Ridicule.
Rage of m.-Brutal-Krnnce.
Revenge of oppressed m.-R.
Ruled by the m.-Valpns.
Sorrow of m.-Llncoln's death.
Unappreciated admiration of m.272
See I'EOl'LE and I'OPULAUITY
in toe.
ITIASSACRE.
Brutal m. by Timour.
Evidence-m. of Crnsaders.
General ni. In war.
Immense m. -70,000 Romans.
by Mob In Paris.
of Patriots at Boston.
Prevented at Jamestown, Va.
Punished by m.-War.
i)y Treacbery-Tbcssalonlea.
Wholesale m. -300,000.
1975
2798
3250
COl
5991
721
72:1
092
4H95
2520
487
013
8854
♦.5814
♦3513
♦3514
♦3515
♦3510
♦3517
♦3518
♦3519
♦3580
♦3581
MIsccllani'i IS cross-references.
Brutal m. of Caracalla. 1333
of Captives by Franks. 1334
" Christlans-90,000 by Chosroes.,384
Depopulated by m. -Bagdad. 1,307
Drink causes m. -Indians. 8940
Immense m. by Ca-sar. 5181
" " Timour. 5891
Inconsiderate m. by Scythians. 13-19
Indignation expressed-Crom. 4.539
Inhuman m. of workmen-Alaric.CH7
" " " -Attila.688
by Law-Lacedaemonian slaves. 1305
" Perseoutors-Ca' holies vs. P. 4123
" " -Ireland-C va. P.4I38
I'revented by informer. lOOa
of ProtttHtant* Duke uf Uulte. 6(K1
" " -Com. by I'iu» V. 588
Religious m. by I'ruwtiierN. 4705
" " -Latins by (irt'uks. 1308
" " uf llug'tioiH in Fla ma
" " " priMoniirH. I.'MIO
Small beginning of-"8. Vespers. '29
Terrible m.-"Slulllan Vespers. "1340
Unprovoked .lews liy A. HUM)
in War-WalleiiHleln. 6M8i
" " -I'ariM, A.ii. 1418. 6M8S
IfIASM,\<'HEN.
Religious Kreiieh l{i.v<iliitl(m. ♦3639
>*<:■ KXTKVMI.N.STION.
War of e,, Queen Aniie'». ♦lUOO
by I'orseuutlon AlblgeiiNos. 4128
ofHoUilers Nervll Maubi uge. 21.30
H.tt 8I,.\r(linEll.
Barbarous H.-6«,ii00("rllia'g'n8.^5180
Kxtorinlnating s. of (lerinans. ♦5181
Authorized by JcHultH.
in Battle -Asians.
" " -100,(K)0 lit Fontonay.
in.\NI ER.
Crofti^-reftTCjH.'e.
Absolute m. of gladiators.
Sie UI'I.KU in tar.
IflATERIAMSra.
Corrected, Ilen.l. Kriiiikllii'H.
(^roBrt-refi'rcnce.
Conscience Hubservlciit to m.
ItlATEHlVITY.
Miraculous in. -Wife of .Ins. II.
Passion of ra. -Indian Hcjiiaw.
See MOTIIEK in Inr.
IVIATIIEinATICS.
Accuracy in m Kgyptlans.
Defloloncy in in. -S.Americana.
Genius for m.-Z. Colburn.
Precocity in m.-Z. Colburn.
1083
308
930
103
♦3587
1118
♦,3!528
♦3529
o530
♦.3531
♦35;i3
Ml.scellaiK'dU^ cross-references.
Diversion of mind Napoleon.
Genius for m. -Blaise Pascal.
-C'Kisar.
Precocity in m. -James Watt.
ISATRICIDE.
MIsc'i^lhuuMiuB cr<js.srefereuce».
Infamous m. by Nero.
mATTER.
Miscelluneons cros.s-references.
Impurity of m. -Gnostics,
and Motion, Universe from.
MEANNESS.
Hatred of m. -Thackeray.
3828
2331
5053
4403
8743
1110
5100
1218
♦3534
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Beggarly m. of Henry III. 3064
Governmental m.-James I. 1189
Rewarded by James II. 1005
IVEANS.
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Unsanctlfied m.-Inqulsitlon. 8878
Unscrupulous use of m. 3015
See INSTRUMENT in loc.
880
inK<-|IAINI«l.
MlM'oltuni'iMia criiNR rvfvrvuv%%.
Ilonorfd III chilli D'lmimth'iieii.niHO
PktrioUu blavkmnltli. wil
ini«'ii.%Ni4;ii.
I)i<ii|iIm<(I l>y riiilci
DlnpiirHKoil liiiioiilwmonluiiN.
lloreilltHry m. KumI liiilliiii,
I'atrtotlmn of m. Ihmton, '7-1.
I'hiltt., 74.
-Civil W»r K.
" " " -Appruiitliioii.
I'ra(!tlcal m. -JunutH VV'ult.
ThkIo for ni. hiiiK) Newton.
WiiKiiil of m IHtli (!uiiliiry.
Mlnccllkfipmiii crnmi'n'fi-rciici-H.
I)i'|H>nil(>ii<ti< on III. CirHHr.
by IhiriMlKy-KitHt IikIIuiii.
Nation of 111. Diitdh.
rrAi'llcnl kiiowli'ditn of ra.-I'.
I'rt'tt'tKli'il III. H, .loliiiNoii.
I'rot«(!tt'(l by IxKJHJatlon.
\n. HoldlHrH LacxdirmuiiluDi.
TumpintloiiH to drink.
H..' Aliri.SANS.
Capture of a.-Sllkwoavern.
VVaffeR of a.-Kiiirlaiid, UWO.
Hte KMl'LDYMKNT iiiiii MACU
KKY I'm /(>('.
IVIBDDI.IIVn.
i)eHtniotlon Ity Mood by m. '
Keprovcd-Blshop lluniet.
•»fKI»)
•;«v!i7
♦aKW
♦.VJJU
•.r.Kt
•8,MI
♦Mftia
*8M.l
•8W.|
I5ni
aftST
a;i-,'H
(Mil
mm
♦!B1
IN-
*8MS
*3JM6
Mlncoll&neou« cr()»«-ri!fercncei.
In Famlllog-KnKland. 445H
MlMithlof by m. IVJOO
Well-meant m. -Hurtful. Sftli
Hue INTKUKKKi;.\('K.
of Noylce-Bp. Hurnot. 8Mfi
Political l.reH'nted-"Mon. doct."!.'0«
8eo TALK HK.MlIXdiH loc.
inBDIATION.
Peculiar m. of HwedonborK-
*38M
Mlaccllanoouii crosa-rcferoncea.
Ascetlcal m. of monks. 357
(iod revealfd in m.-Ci. Fox. 1714
Life of m. Uaac Newton. 1104
KellKious m. -Samuel Johnson. 17(!0
" needful. 4707
Sabbath m.-.Iohn Fitch. 871
Soe INTKRCKSHOR.
of Innoconce-Tlmonr rejects. 18;i7
Life saved by 1 -Deserters. B:W
Woman's i. -Queen Phlllppa. 4030
ITIKDICINB.
Advance in m.-Kngland. *.3.V)0
Aversion to m.-WashluRton. *.'J5.'5l
Discarded m. by Napoleon I. '.STL^y
School of m.-Flrst-Salerno. •8.5.53
Miscellaneous croas-rcfcrences.
Confidence In m.-Alexander. 1048
DanRsrous m.-Alexander. 6449
See QUACKERY.
Bxperlment In q.-Cato. ♦4.587
SuperBtitious q.-KiuR's touch. *4588
See CURE in too.
MKCMANK'-MKN.
mUUITATION.
Peculiar m. of HwiidnnburK. 'ilM-l
Ml«rpiliitin(iui* (-rniiii'ri«fMr«iicv>i.
AHcetlflal III. of iiiiinkn. fl(V7
Ood riiveuled fii ni (I. H'ox, 1714
l.lfnofin. iNiiHit Nxwton. 1104
Preparation for iiHiifiiliit'HS by m. HI
KoUkIous m.-Naniiicl Johmton. 1700
" " nt'i'dful. 4707
Iteveals the real lire. I70U
Sabbath ni .loliii KItch. H71
Hoi- TIKlI'fillTKI'I.NKHH.
Youthful t. IsaHM Nowton. 0107
Hio CAUTIO.N UM<I UKKI.KCTIO.N
In /..<•.
Fraudulent m. <'<>iiiili'rfeilinK.*3fiAA
Hi'.. AUK .NT.
Ittuored Clurecdon, byJamotll. OH
IflKKKNKNN.
Christian in. (iodfrey de 1«. ♦3fi60
Mlni'i'lluiit'niin cnim refcranct'i
Cbrlstlaii ni. In reproof.
Husband's in. Uiimford.
Martyr's Ml. Taylor at stake.
Pbllosophlc m.- Plato.
I'ower of Christian m.
In Ueproof-l)r. Taylor.
Victory by m. l.ycurnus.
,S.e MII.HNESS.
lU-ttmod m. to N Y. mob.
Hee NdNKKSlS'lANCK.
Christian n.-r.-Prlmitivo.
Kvasion of n.r.-S. Johnson.
Taught by Tories.
87H7
340;!
oru
1314
»%»)
4770
8i!04
8046
*3H*i2
♦asas
*3Hii4
Shameful-Chinese Kmperor. 1410
S.p CAI.MNK.'^S unci IIU.MILITY
ill Inc.
niEIiANOHOLY.
(!haracteristlc m. Aboriulnes. *.'i5B7
Depressed by m. -Charles V. ♦.S6.58
Kxcusable m.-Iohn Milton. *3.5.50
Inherited m. ,'^amuel Johnson. *3.50O
" '.SSOl
Natural " " " *Km
Philosophy of m.-Unf 'th'm'ble.*.S.503
UellKlous in.-(ieorKo Fox. ♦8B04
" " -Puritans. *ai>(if,
lieststed by Samuel Johnson. *.S.5U0
Itoyal m.-Queen Elizabeth. ♦3607
Mlscelliini'ous croas-rcfercncea.
Adversity produces m.-Youii(f.
of Bereavement-Jefferson.
Death desired in m.
Halluoination ofm.-Luther.
Marriage relieves m.
Misfortune brings m.
(t ti li
In Old Age-Elizabeth.
Uellglous m.-II. D. Gough.
" "-Nelson.
" " of Cromwell.
" " Anabaptists.
See SORROW in Uic.
1070
24m
2010
8.500
3480
80.38
35S9
.^507
1170
1180
4718
4710
raitifiKNTOKa.
Mlicvllani'iiiia emu ri'fi'rpnm.
Atfectloii nourished by m.-HiuiK III
In llerravemeiit Priii'loui in. S. Ill
ITIKIVIOIIIAIi.
MlmTlliiti(-<MiH cin«n rrfi'renc#K.
Delayed till death. iMitA
Kpllaph Mrs. (ten. Jackson A*IMI
of PatrlotlHin Hunker Hill. 4on)l
Strange iii" Sandwich. " 0140
Unworthy of in Andr6. Mill
of Wickedness Medal. 4n41
Hi« KlICMARIHT.
Bleuhig In the e.. Spiritual. tMiH.5
Si« IlKl.lc.
Auspicious r.-Holy lance. ♦4M7
HcM RKMCS.
Bogus rellRliius r. *4(MM
Fictitious Mairdalen's girdle. ^4000
Hfii .MtlM'MKNT ill iw.
niKIfIOIIIi%M«.
Knduring m.-l.uiigiiHge. ♦.'IMIH
Odd III.-" Old shots." ♦aneu
MIscellimriiiia crnaa-rrferi'iicaa.
Destroyed-Priceiess-Kom. by N..'l*)
Neglected m. (leorge II. •.'717
IVIKnORY.
Blunders of in.-*JoldNnilth. *.'l.5;()
Kxcelloiit m.-S. Johnson. ♦.'1.571
Extraord' -iry m.-Poet Shelley ♦3.57'J
"-William III. ♦.357!)
Marve -Napoleon I. *.'t:>74
Patrioi .. Lincoln." •M.57.5
Trained m.-A. Lincoln. ♦3.578
Mlacelliineoua croanrefereiicea.
In Ago-Cato. I aft
of Bereavement-Wordsworth. .50(7
Improved m. of names-J'hnsoii.377S
of Names-Themistooles. 431.5
Pleasing in. of mother. 8103
Unappreciated -ThemNtocles. SUM
See RKMEMHRANCK.
Painful r. revived. 804.5
See REMINISCENCK.
Frequent r.-A. Lincoln. ♦8878
See FOROETKULNKSS in lor.
ITIEN.
Angello m.-Swedenborg.
vs. Animals.-Napoleon I.
Oreatm., Courting.
" " Periods of.
" " Providential.
Imaginary m. of America.
Large m., Brigade of.
Misplaced-James II.-Raleigta,
Self-made m.-William Pitt.
Similarity In m.-Babes.
♦8677
♦3fi78
♦3.579
♦;158(>
♦a58i
♦3588
♦3.583
♦.3584
♦3586
♦3586
♦.1587
TIElflENTO.
(.'roR8-referonce.
Exasperating m. of Injury.
4861
MIscclIaneoua croas-refercneea.
Bom to rule-Englishmen. lOS
Contemptible m. -Do-nothing k.2910
Diversity In ra.-JamesII and K.3903
Equality of m.-Levellers. 1002,10ft3
" " " -Gnostics. 1001
Interested in m.-Travellers. B687
MIsjudged-Indlans by English. 585
Monster-Headless m.-AfrloanB.8788
MEN-MINI).
'itMir
Old m., iulotdfl of.
1410
i^UHlliy of m. rxhitillod.
an 111
HMir-<liilO«d ni (iriK'k prIacM.
anil
Hoiiil dtimon III lliini.
iniiH
of Hiimll iiiImiI
DM)
/Old of III llitll rlnitiir.
IttUil
Him' MllNH'I'KH.
Moral iii.-AI«xiiiitl«r.
UM
" " -Call«iili».
vm
" " -Curiti'iillii.
isaa
" CllUlllKl.
imta
" "-<,'(iimi»iiiliie V.
laii^
" -Napoluoii
in^>u
" "Nero.
1UH7
1*17
II II II
lilAU
" " -Timour.
1837
II 11 t»
liKIH
Hi'K MAM In toe.
RIKIN ^UlilAT).
CourtliiK It. 111.
♦,W0
J 'erloilM of K. ni.
•;if>H()
'ruTtdentlttl.
•SflHl
II
*llfiNit
Mlnci'lluiii'cni* crimM rcfercnci'ii.
Culnoldunou UoiiiiiIuh andT. 007
I)liitionorud-c;oUtiulitiM. 1648
-Ad. Hlttke. 16ri7
KxumpleofK' m.-Convorwitlon.llTO
Ovei-priiUud-l'ompey. WTO
WeitknuHH of K' m.-D'inof* n'd.BUM
Hi'B AUK (11 !"■ .
RIRItCIIANTS.
MIhccIIuik'iiiih crimn rrriTi'iicoa.
Enterprise of ni.-.Iolin Cabot. 081
Patrlotlum of m.-Honton Rev. COS
8e« BUHINKHS. (.'(IM.MKKCK and
TKADK in loc.
muitcY.
Provision for in. A. Lincoln. ♦3588
Mlscellaneoiiii croMtrvferenci.'a.
AtfeottoQ without mercy.
Despised by Jeffreys.
Lack of m.-Old England.
Odious tn. of James U.
PleadInK for m. -Calais.
See I'lTV in loc.
in BRIT.
Erldence of m.-Promotlon.
Force of m.-Poet Terence.
Iicnoranoe of m. -Saracens.
Nobility by m. -Napoleon I.
Partial m. -Samuel Johnson.
Promotion by m. -Anglo-Sax.
Supremacy of m.-Napoleon I.
:««8
auor
4ii:ja
•a589
♦;i6uo
♦3591
♦3592
♦3.'-.93
♦3594
♦3595
Miscellaneous cross references.
Ts. Adulation-Athenians. 5337
Borrowed m. obarKod-Kapbacl. 445
Combined m. of Raphael. 446
Crown of m.-Romana. 1325
EmoouraKement to m. -Crown. 1324
Honors without m. 3903
" form.-" Win spurs." 2030
Less than money. 36T1
Ifedioore m. despise! by Shelley. 197
T8. Herlt-Moez. 3674
Nobility of m.-Sentlmental. 1917
Oviirlookud John Adainii.
I'lUMioiited by liifuriorit
I'ruciMlunce of in , Hnmll.
I'romiitUin by m. croniwnll.
Hpartmm.
ItiKtoiriiltliin of m. by 'I'lmour.
l(MMp«(a for Ml. School.
Uiiwnrdud vn. Kaiik.
Koyalty of m. Cruiiiwi'll.
of Hnlnts-TriiMMffrrrd by pop«
Huucimo by tii. "Win IiIn npiirii.
" " " A. JollllNOII.
Ti'xt iif in I'Muhf ('HrboruN.
Wumuii, l''uiir perfect.
Hi'f (KKIIlNKHH.
ofOod, InlliiltoK
(IrualneNi) of tf. ('. dn' Mndlcl.
I.Hstlnic K'ory of A^e'illaiiN.
UeHpecti'd-Jobn th« (Jood.
Mir WoKTII.
Moral w.-LoiiIh IX.
4)114
2055
4;i«N
4512
IHW2
i;«i7
1H1I1
51 lit)
2320
Til
'ir.00
Mill
;i.'i;iH
wno
1121
24 m
2:i«.'l
2(118
♦«17()
Kmlni'iicn by w. II. Wllmin. 18(18
Work brInuH w. Oxen. (IIM
8eu DISl'INcriiiN uihI (IKNII'M
III (,«■.
ITIKNMKMIJKK.
MIhCI'IIiII »» ITIiKK rcflTlllCI'S.
of Alarm-I'aul Uevern. 5881
" I'eacfl resptictdd- Peace pipe. 4(KI2
Swift ni.-VVolsey for Henry VII.IH1I5
UiilnstrudtiMl yet liiNtructlve. ■12
.Si'u AMHAS.^ADOII.
Ridiculous. a.-V'oltulru to Kred
Htran^e a. -Joan of Are.
See AMn.\HSA!)!»US.
Bribed by Philip of Maeedon.
rriKTAPHYNICN.
Contempt for m.- Napoleon I. ♦3590
II. 4
28U;l
071
('roBH-refereiico.
Bewlldorlnif m.-Infldellty. 2880
See MIND in Inc.
ITIBTHOD.
Life regulated by m.-J. W'Hley.*3597
See HY.STKM.
LlrluK by s.-Alfred the Qroat. ♦5500
In Bonevolenoe-J. Wesley.
-Old England.
" " -John Howard
Sec I'I,AN.
Life without a p. -Milton.
" with a grand p. -Milton.
inETHODi$iin.
MIscellnneouHcroiis-refereiices.
Persecution of m. In Enuland.
" " " " Ireland.
Freedom of dlsciissrn-fVnf'r'nce. 705
jniOHT.
Mlscellaneoim cross-referenceii.
makes Rlght-lncllans robbed
II " -PcdoHtrlnns.
RIII.DNES8.
Cross-reference.
Ill-timed m.-New York mob.
See GENTLENESS and LENITY
tn loc.
miND.
vs. Body-Columbus. •3598
" " -Wm. P. of Orange. ♦SSOO
.549
4295
30.50
2107
191
008
702
4.').'11
B355
3646
KiitArtaiiiinriit of in. at iiii'ali.*iM(i«i
liillrnilili'M of Ml., I'lilveraal. *3«K)I
surriiiiiiillngniir in cr mw'll. *n(Mtl
rndeveliiped ( iiiiiil ry iiifii. •JWO.'l
I'liillMtiirbi'il by aiixlfty, •;iiioi
Ve,'«Htlllty of in. <^leen Kllx •:H10.->
MliKellitn»iiiiii rrnas rrfereneet.
AtNenee of III il (loldiiinlth. IW9
AliHorlied by Himly Shelley. \n
AliHtraellon of in . ,\rt In W. H. 19
-KIlinitiTH by Newtoll 20
-DaiiKeroun A. Ul
Aiihleveinent of ■ i , llrllllaiit. IN7I
Aellvlly of ni. b .>lil age. loio
Agitated by rellgluii I'ox. 3504
Agony of ni. JoNi>p|i|tifl. liiUii
AITei'tM the body (lark. 1181
AiigiilHh of in. Niip. at Wat'rioo ,1817
Art of (Miiitiiilllng m. Sadnesii. Km
ANcenileiiiy nl' in. Clyril/.atlon. ,^785
Complex aetliin of ni. Nap. 1,575
Ciinfiiiieil by a trl(k-"Ilutton." 11»
Dejt^eteil William I'ltt. 1515
Diet afrectH ni Malmmet. 3180
DlHpliiy of power" .leffernon. 8.'!05
DIverMlcin of m.-liealM inelauidi. 3501
Diverted by anuiHement. 5|.'iy
Dillni'NH I'Vereoine by Htudy. 1770
" of m. I'V'gles. 2105
" '• " In boyhood. (Mo
Kmployment of ni., Noble-Nap. ,'1820
Ked Ilody unfed. 3791
Food makes Ineiinallty In m, 4000
Harmonious tn., Milton's. 21110
vs. Murals Axpasla.
Morbid m. of llenj. Abbott.
" " " ('onstans.
Phenomena of m., Mysterloos
I2.')(l
1 109
1108
3761
3702
,'1707
1014
1008
1045
1013
1,574
Polish VH. Morality.
Preparation of m. .Milton.
Presence of m. In battle.
" " "-Margaret.
Rea,'tlon of m. on body.
Reviewed in a diary.
Superior to surroundings B'rns.lOto
Superiority of m. -Sculptor. .50,56
Supremacy of in. -Body- Nap. IIIKJ
Triumph of m. -Roger Bacon. 097
See AIISTKACTION.
Art of a.-' Wali-tcottt button." ♦lO
Blunders by a. -Newton. ^20
Dangerous a.- Archimedes. ^21
Absence of mlnd-Ooldsmlth.
Aroused from u. -Johnson.
Philosopher's a.-Archlmedes.
Youthful a. by study-Newton.
Study of-Pascal.
See IMUECILITY.
Intemperance produces I.
OfUclal I. -Invasion of Canada
Ridicule of natural I.
See METAPHYSICS.
Contempt for m.-Nap. L
009
2310
1005
2100
2384
8916
20'.'5
1500
♦3500
Bewildering efifeot of m.-Infldel.8826
See PRECOCITY.
Remarkable p.-James Watt. *4402
" -Alex. Pope. ^4403
888
MINISTER— MISSIONS.
MtBcelUneoun croH»-rcfcr» c.-s.
Educational p.-S. JohiiBun. lHir>
of GeniUR-Wllllam C. Bryant. 2.3^
Juvenile p. of Tbeinlgtocle» ais
In Mathematics. 3533
" " -Colburn. 3533
Remarkable p.-Johnson-3 years. 70.1
Youthful p. of B. Franklin. 636
See OKNIDS, IMAdlHATION,
MEMORY utirt THOUailT
in loc.
nilNISTER.
MlBCcUiineuua crons-references.
Conversion from vice. 8361
DIsKulsed-John Buuyan. - 1660
Faithful m. commended. saoii
" words of m. 3437
Ilospltality to m.-IIeartless. 2640
Illiterate m.-Eloquent. 4389
Immoral m. -Swearing. 3708
Invention of m. -Power-loom. 2971
Marriages by m. -Cheap, 6000 p. 3438
Obedience of m. -Hopeless. 3845
" " -Dream-BanK8.3840
Patience of m. tried.
40a3
In Politics- Rev. John Ball.
4520
Poverty of m. -Luther.
4340
Reproof by m.-Anger.
2640
Unscrupulous m.-.I. Swift.
4016
nilMSTERS.
Constrained-Mahomet.
*3607
Discreet m.-Pagans.
*3608
Salaries of m.-£50 to £72.
♦3G09
' -Tobacco.
*3610
Wives of m.-Dutles.
♦3611
Work of m., Lay.
*3612
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Bigoted m. -Country parsons. 2707
■Discouragements of m.-M'hm't.ie30
Fear of ridicule-England. 4410
Hardships of early m. 1149
of Idolatrous.w'rshlp. -Brahmin. 2705
Poverty,Beuev"le:\ce of m. with.434e
miNISTRY.
Call to m. by a text.
" " " -Throe tests.
Early m.-Rlchard Watson.
*3813
*3614
*3«]5
Expelled from-Ilev. S. J'hn8'n.*3610
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Activity lu the m.-Bp. Coke.
Call to the m.-Mother's-A. J.
Discouragement at beginning.
'• In the m.
Education for m., Benevolent.
Embarrassed by caste.-A. Burr.
1570
3790
264
4234
1804
856
Faithful m.-"Hear me athome."87Ji
Heavenly m.-Rev. J. Tunnell. 2398
Hindrance to m. -Dress. 1737
Independence of m.-M'th'd'st8.2787
airimst Intemperance.
Itinerant m., Methodist.
Laborious m.-John Wesley.
Open to all m. -Puritans.
Opposed by persecution.
Privations In the m.
8918
3001
3116
4390
4121
4472
" " " " 5000
Rejected by unappreciatlve p. 875
Ridlculed-Puritan laymen. 4391
Salary of m. -400 3ermon8-|4. 5000
Secularized vs. Spiritual.
Timidity embarrasses m.
" " M'K.
Travelling m.-Whltefleld.
Uneducated m. -Banyan.
Zeal In m.-John Wesley.
-George Whltofleld.
See Al'DIENrE.
Necessary for great oratory.
Speaker impressed by a.
See CONORECIATIONS.
Large o. of John Wesley.
See HtAKKKS.
Unappreciatlve h., .lohnson's.
.See IIEAIUNO.
Released from h -Cngr'gation.
489.1
1800
2083
2089
1883
6281
6816
8052
48SS
*10«6
*3538
*2533
Determined on a h. -Luther. 2.57
Prevented by appetito-Cato. 266
See I'ULl'lT.
Conservatism of p.-I'olitics. *4502
Controlled by James II. *4503
See CLEIJUY and SEllMONiH luc.
]?IIIVORITY.
Power of m.-James II.
" " " -Cromwell.
Presumptuous m.-Politlcs.
*3617
♦3618
♦361 9
Miscellaneous cms; -reference.
Rule of m. attompltd-Jas. II. 2427
miElACIiE.
Fraudulent m -Weeping Virgin*3020
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Apparent m. -Walls fall.
Constructive m.-Wm. P. of O.
Contempt for false m.
Failure of expected m.
Popular m. -Coincidence
by Saints only,
of Superstition-Persian.
-" King's Evil."
Supposed m.-Joan of Arc.
iniRACIiES.
False m.-Delphic priests.
" " Mahomet's
5824
4555
3.588
2087
9C5
5704
1285
1380
2895
by Martjrrs-Cathollc.
Modern m. -Blaise Pascal's.
Monkish m.-Legendary.
See SUPERNATURAL.
Credulity concerning the s.
" of West Indians.
See INSPIRATION in loc.
♦3621
*36S8
*3683
♦3684
*3625
*36a6
3907
6143
miRTH.
Til-timed m. of O. I'romwell. 'SOa?
See IIuMOR in luc.
mis A NTHROPIST.
Cross-reference.
Predictions of m., Gloomy. 5386
iniSER.
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Changed by prayer. 4386
Misery of m. by S Johnson. 426
See PARSIMONY.
Costly p. of James II. •4008
Degrading p. of Frederick 11.
Reputation for p., False.
4597
1764
iniHERV.
Miscellaneous eru^a-rercrenccs.
Delight in m. of others-Jeffreys.asst
Infliction of m. -Arcadia. 44S
Reaction of m. on oppressors. 6787
Royal ra.-Con.siantlnople. «)M9
" " -Stuarts. 4961
Splendid m.-Rnman Emp. 2023
See HUFFKUINO in loc.
miSFORTUNE.
Boru to m.-Charles I. *8fl28
Cruelty with m.-Am. Indians. *3629
Fellowship in m.-L. Bon'p'rte.*86S0
Ovorruled-OIiver Goldsmith. •8631
Miscellaneous crossreferenCBB.
Business m. overruled. 2060
Comfort in m. -Mahomet lives. 1598
Courled-Baitle of Fr'd'ck8b'rg.5360
Exasperation in m. feared.
Greatness In m. -Cornelia.
" shown in m.-Ctesar.
Heedlessness brings m.
Insulted in m.-James II.
Interpreted by conscience.
Mitigated by courtesy.
Muitlplied-Melancholy by m.
National m. -Armada fails.
Overwhelmed, Suddenly-A.
Reversed by tact -Slave.
Solace In m.. Music a.
Wealth by others' m.-Crassus.
imSFORTVNES.
Effect of m.-Pred. the Great
1267
6078
1491
2540
8005
1100
12"J0
355'!
8088
3106
38
3748
683
•3633
Cross-reference.
Multiplied m.. Melancholy by. 8659
See THE UNFORTUNATE.
Cross-reftrence.
Banishment for the u. 2818
See ACCIDENT. ADVERSITY,
BEREAVEMENT and CA-
LAMITY in loc.
mssioN.
In Life-Wm. P. of Orange. •3633
Mlsjudged-Louis Philippe. •3684
iniSSIONARIES.
Discoveries by m.-Cathollo. •3635
Heroism of Jesuit m. •3636
Zealous m.-Si. Patrick. •3637
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Cosmopolltaa m. -Jesuits. 3013
of Cruelty-Spanish priests. 2861
Heroism of Jesuits. 3508
miSSIONART.
False m.-Cortez.
•3638
Miscellaneous cross-referencea.
IntenUonal m.-Dr. Coke.
" " -Columbus.
Revengeful m.-Mahomet.
Unsuccessful m.-Wesley
530
841
6151
1468
1183
inissioivs.
by Conquest a failure. •8639
Destroyed in Japan. •3640
and Science-Columbus. •8641
Successful in Japan. •3643
MISTAKE-MONEY.
to be Su8talned-M. B. Cox.
Zeal for in.-Tliomus Cuke.
♦3648
♦3644
3013
2861
3506
raess
530
841
16151
1 1468
|ll23
13640
13641
13643
Miscclluiieoua cio.i.trpferoric«.
Provldeuue in m. In Africa. 46M
MISTAKE.
Encuuri<Ki>iK in.-C'olmnbus. ^3645
Set! KKKOK //( loo.
miSTKKSS.
MlscelluiiL'iiiiH iToMsrofLTCnces.
Charms of m.-King John. 3018
" " Catli. Si;dley.-Jas.II.a842
Fasolnatiog m.-C. Sedley-J.II. 5054
Ueartlens m.-Cleopatra. 43d7
Infatuating churmB of m.-P. 3819
" m.-Mary Stuart. 3343
Tyranny over Milo tlie athlete. 5900
VVlfo wroMjted by m. 1133
Kee COUKTKSAN m ho.
inoB.
Mlscelliincoiis eiciaa-referencos.
Audacity of Paris m.-Revolutlon.658
Calmness amid the m.-Wesley. 698
of Fanutics controlled by dem. 40
Hostility of m.-Wesley. 702
AUstaken-Cinna put to death. 373
Terrifying m.-New York draft. 3046
See RIOT III luc.
MOCKERY.
Mlacelluneous crosa-referi'iices.
of Agony of martyrs. 1358
" Estortioner-Ruflnus. 487
" ReliKlon-Emperor Michael. 4723
Taunt of women-Influence of. 2504
See RIUKTLE in luo.
MODERATION.
CroHs-rt't'ercnce.
in Victory-General Grant. 5825
See CONSKUVATISM in loo.
MODli:STV.
Consplcuous-Benj. Franklin,
of Qenlus-Isaac Newton.
2Iero's m. -Garibaldi.
Unopposed- John Howard.
♦3647
♦3048
♦3049
♦3650
MlsccUaneoua cross-references.
Blushing young man hated. 0178
of Genlus-Soorates. 3.')03
Heroic m. of Charles XII. 1970
Importance of m.-Cato and M. 107
Noble m. of Isaac Newton. 1031
Ste I'RUUERY.
Puritanic p -Statuary. 330
See HUMILITY in loo.
MONEY.
Affection shown by m.
Changed value of m.
Corrupted by m.-Government
Dangers of m.-Spartans.
Debased with iron.
Declined by Pope-Pension.
Depreciated-Clipped.
" -Continental m
Dlsregarded-S. Adams.
Earning m., Lincoln's first.
Expensive m.-Obnoxious-C. I.
Love of m.-Jews.
♦3G51
♦3058
*3C53
♦3654
♦3655
♦3050
♦3657
♦3058
♦3659
♦3060
♦3<!01
♦3063
♦3663
Meanness and money. *3(i04
Paper m., John Law's. ♦300,")
" " -Asslgnats. ^3000
" " -Bankruptcy. i'3ti07
" " -Am. Colonics. ♦;100H
" " -Lejral tenders. ♦.'lOOU
Power of m. In politics. ♦30T0
-Social. »30ri
" " " -Buys throne. *3ur3
Pressure for m.-Duo d' Orleai's*;)();3
vs. Merlt-Moez,. ♦.■Jori
" Keligiou-Uutch. ♦30T5
Rule of the State. ♦.iOTO
Serviceable-Incitement. *3077
Tlirono for m. -Roman. +3078
Use, Valuable by-S. Johnson. ♦307'J
" -Empire with m. ♦30MO
Wanted for Crusade- Richard I.*3G81
Worthless m. en forced-Brass. ♦3082
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Adulation for m., Author's. 408
Affection, Proof of. 3051
Atonement In m.-Crlmes. 3291
Blood m. by persecution. 4128
Burden of m. 30M0
Captivated by sight of m. 4 178
Condones crime of pirates. 2131
Corruption m. refused. 1097
Coveted by Henry III. 1201
Curse of m.-"Downhlsthr()at.''l2(;.-)
Declined by Gen. Washington. 4U.")S
in Diplomacy-Louis XIV. 10!'
Empire bought-Roman. 3078
" " with m.-Roman.38ro
Enjoyment in m.-Twofold-J. 425
o" Excommunication. 19V0
Friendship confirmed by m. 2230
Gift of m. declined. 4882
Gods controlled by m. 4708
Inferiority of m.-Fine Art. 347
Interest on m. legalized. 29.58
Illegally obtalued-James I. 01
Justice afforded for m. 13000
for Llfe-£15,000,000. 3007
Lost by hldlng-S. Johnson. 717
Love of m.-Engllsh politics. 3890
' tested. '2001
Lovers for m.-Spartan. 5989
Manliness better than m. 3407
Marriage for m. -Byron. 3405
" " Cicero's. 3404
" " " -Common. 3400
' -Divorced wlfe.34(W
Office bought with m.-England.3885
Oracle bought with ra. 4707
Popularity by m.-Sylla. 3877
Power of m.-Subslitutes repent.7Il
Powerless-Death. 1408
" to bribe-Andre. 1013
Protection of criminal by m. 1210
Raising m., Device for. 020
Relative power of m. 1 1.52
Rivals talent-Rome. 4920
Sins pardoned for m. 4309
by Speculatlon-Flsk and Gould.,5279
Tainted-Field of blood. 3067
" -Rejected-Canute. 3001
Unappreciated by barbarians. 278
Use or abuse of m. 57.55
I'se of m. -Benevolence.
Wasted by inataUmlnlstratlon.
Wa.steful of m.-I'oct Shelley.
Wisi'ly iised-Ecoiiiprny.
.See .WAIUCE.
-Vcnulred hablt-S 'Dhnson.
.1 <'lergy-15th century.
Contempt for ii. of RuBiius.
Corrupted by a.-I{<imai;s.
Criminal London tuilors.
Deception of a.-Henry VII.
Demands of a. -Henry VII.
Glory lua.AKeil Cato the Censor
Official a.-.Ioliii of ''uppadoL'la.
Punished a. of Crassus.
Royal a.-Hcnry VIII.
" "-Wm. the ConquiTor.
" "-(ieorge II.
Ruled by a.-Commo<lus.
Shameful a.-Courtiers of J. II.
Supremacy of a. -Confederates
Appeal to a of James I.
Confiscations to a. -Caligula.
vs. Contempt-Romans.
Craze of a.-CJoki-seekers.
Crimes of a. suppressed.
Degraded l)y a.-Theodora.
Endangers the State. -England.
Enthusiasm of a. -Gold -seekers
Forgotten- Uebuildlng temple.
Heartless a.- Rome-Famine.
Incapable of a.-Alexander.
an Instrument, not an end.
lieputation lost by a.-Demosth
Royal a.-.tlaximin.
Shameful a.-Courtiers of Jas. I
of Slavery-English prisoners.
Victims of a. -Gold-seekers.
"-Official.
War by a.- East India,
with Wealth-Pythlus.
Woman's a. -Court of James II
S.',. HANK.
Prejudice against national b.
.'^oe B.\NKEKS.
Plundercd-Je wish- England.
J" ejudlco against b.-Lombards.
889
5.51
21t95
4211
3(«)5
♦425
♦420
♦427
♦128
■ 429
♦4;)(l
♦4ol
*4;i2
*13l
•v.v,
* |:!0
* i:)7
* i:i8
♦i:!9
•44(1
4);,s
l.i"i2
5757
•sm
3055
15K.3
1015
2.389
803
2079
h;73
30>-'O
. 072
1049
1.007
51K!
2;«I0
2403
5879
4881
.liC41
4409
♦449
♦4.50
Injustice to b. -Charles II.
2892
Patriotic b.-R. Morris.
.3059
Prejudice against Jewish.
449
.See BLACKMAIL.
Contribution justified.
2008
See CAPITAL.
Conservative o.-Clcero.
♦709
a C^rime-Jews.
♦i *
Spiritual c. in Indulgences.
♦711
vs. Labor-English weavers.
•SeeCAI'ITALISTS.
Extortionate e.-Jews.
Nation of c.-Jews.
.See COIN'.
Clipped in England-Money d.
3091^
♦712
♦713
♦904
710
Clipping of c. punlshed-Ed. I,
See CURRENCY.
In Salt-Abyssinlans. ♦1384
See MISER.
Changed by prayer. 4.386
Misery of m. by S. Johnson. 425
890
MONK— MOTHER.
See PARSIMONY.
Costly p. of James II.
*4008
DeKradlnfc p. of Frederick II. 4.''>S)T
Reputation for p., False. 1704
See SIMONY.
Disgraceful s of \Vm. Penn. OT5
Bale of popedum. 1208
Sue USUKY.
Inevltable-Kome. *6757
Law of u.-Komans. ♦5768
-Lucallus. *5759
Laws against a. in England. *57UO
See BKUJE, ECONOMY, EXTOR-
TION, FINANCE, OULU
and WAGES in loc.
inONK.
CroBsrcfereDce.
Bold deed of m.-TeIemaohns-G.835
mONKERY.
Barly progress of ra.-Popular.*3683
Origin of m.-Body subdued. *3{i8l
Success of m.-4th century. ♦3685
inoNKs.
Artistic Engllsli m.
Wealthy m. of Italy.
♦3686
♦3687
Miscellaneous cross-references.
397
500
3768
3315
1625
3847
Austerity of Egyptian m.
Beggary promoted by m.
Fanaticism of m.
Literature preserved by m.
Military m. -Templars.
Obedience of ra.
Popularity of m.-9th century. 3171
Remarkable fanaticism-Pillar S.501;;3
Surviving their usefulness. 5756
IVIOIVOinAlVIAC.
Rashness of m.-John Brown. ♦3688
See INFATUATION and INSANITY
in loc.
inONOPOIilES.
Enoouras'Hi -diaries I.
Unpatriotic-Oliver Cromwell.
mONOPOLY.
Abolished-Land m.
Commercial m. by Charles II.
English Col.
vs. Conscience-Peter Cooper.
Ksasperating m.-Charles I.
and Famine-Rome.
Land m.-Plymouth Colony,
of Manufactures-England.
" " -Dutch.
Powers of m. In United States.
Resisted Governmental.
*3689
♦3690
♦3691
♦3692
♦3693
♦3694
♦3695
♦3696
•3697
♦.3698
♦.3699
♦3700
♦3701
♦3702
Miscellaneous cross-references.
In Bibles-England. 576
" Houses-Marcus Crassus. 683
" Manufactures-English. 3485
Newspaper m.-Charles II. 3814
Ruinous m. -Roman Empire. 4956
Women against m.-Soap. 6131
mONSTBR (Moral.)
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Moral m.-Alexander. 1456
" "-Caligula. 1352
Moral m.-Caracalla.
" "-Catiline.
" "-Constantine V.
" "-Napoleon.
"-Nero.
'-Tlmour.
1333
1805
1.162
1589
11«7
1347
1369
1337
1368
mONVlTIENT.
Mlscell.iiii-'uii- criwH-ri'lerences.
of Affection-Husband's m. 0061
Architectural m.-St. Peter's. 4560
In Architecture-Pericles. 1709
" Burial concealed-River-bed. 087
Declined by John Howard. 4378
In Deed8-Justinian-Juri8prud'nce.4
Deserved m.-Joim Cabot. 991
Ghastly m. -£0,000 Heads. .WSO
Removal of m. Ingenious. 2846
Ridiculous m., C .^nstantine's. 5780
of Vengeance-Nemesis. 5792
See MEMORIAL in loc.
moons.
Reaction of m.-\\'ui. Cowper. ♦3703
See DISI'()S1TU).N in luc.
mORALITV.
Conventional m. -Shelley's f. ♦3704
Denied-Romar C. in England. ^3705
Philosophic m. of Socrates. ♦3706
Preserves the State-Rome. ^3709
" +3710
vs. Refinement-Rome. *3707
Shallow m.-Clcrical. ♦3708
Miscellaneous cross-references.
in Army of Cromwell. 5251
Conspicuous m.of business men. 691
Decline In English m. 2994
Destruction of public m. 4618
Deterioration of Roman m. 2065
Devotion without m. 2732
Doubtful m. of slavery-Cortez 1106
Indifferent to m.-El!zabeth. 1,596
Low standard of m .-Bribery. 669
In Motive-Samuel Johnson. 3734
Needful for liberty. 3223
" to the State-Censor. 747
" " " -Romans. 428
Object of Persian religion. 4709
Perfection of pagan m. 4730
Preserved in army-Gus. XII. 4174
" " convents. 11C9
Promoted in benevolence. 4163
Reasonable m. of Christianity. 2830
Rejected by art-Debauched R. 103
Religion the fountaln-R. 2370
vs. Religion of Artasires. 4724
Standard of political m. 4245
Training in m.-Persian youth. 1771
Undermined by false phirs'phy.1713
" Jesuits. 1105
Unmerltorlousm. -Monks. 1169
See VIRTUE.
False v.-Wife of Constantine. ♦5838
Political v.-Lord Rochester. ^5839
Protection of v.-Romans. ^5840
Public v.-Emperor Pertinax. ♦,5841
Severity In v. -Stoics. ♦5842
Superior v.-Phoclon. ♦5843
Uncertain, Natural v.
♦5844
Austerity in stoical v.
in Conservatism-Halifax.
Conspicuous v.-Canute.
bj Contention-Spartans.
Distrusted by the vicious.
False V. of Messaiinu.
" view of V. -Cynics,
by Industry-Roman army.
Influence of example.
Life prol(jnged by v.
Lost- Suicide of Lucretia.
Needful for republican gov't.
Overcome by sirategem.
Pleasure endangers v.
Popularity lost by v.-Vane.
Practical v. of T. Jefferson.
Punished In Valeria.
Restraint of v.-War.
Reward of v.-Self-applau?p.
Shocked, False v -Peter 111.
above Susplcion-Cicsar's wife.
Vicious v.-Patrioiism-Scots.
Woman's v.-Roman.
See VIRTUES.
MIsceD.ineous crossreferonccs.
Excess in heroic-Charles XII.
Imaglmary v. of ancestors
Mixed with vices-Alexandt r.
See CHARACTER and CON-
SCIENCE in loc.
5842
1132
3061
8522
3412
6064
5077
2818
3595
3714
6786
2456
2276
4198
4313
5371
4800
4004
324»
600»
1942
4076
5840
1970
1334
1678
MORALS.
by Chastisement-Ed. Rich.
Degraded-Aristocracy-Aust.
Examined-OfBciaLs-Athens.
Exceptlonal-N E. Colonies.
Ground of m.. Diverse.
Importance of m. inPolItlcs.
Rule in m.-Thales'.
mOKTALITY.
Remembered before battle.
♦3711
♦3712
♦3718
♦3714
♦3715
♦3710
♦3717
♦371»
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Religion basis of m. 5748
Reminded of m.-Pliilip. 1112
Sec DEATH in toe.
raORTIFIOATION.
by Failure-Cast leniaine. ♦8719
Hateful m.-James II. ^3720
Miscellaneous crn.'ssreferonces.
of Defeat-Montcalm. 1494
by " -Horace Greeley. 4281
In Disappointment-Henry III. 1911
of Prlde-Ollver Goldsmith's. 2268
u .. .4 .. 4453
" " " " 4455
See DISGRACE and HUMILIATION
in loc.
niOTllER.
Honored, Nero's m.
Humiliating m. -Byron's.
Influence of m on Francis I.
Patriotic m. -Spartan.
" " -S. Houston's.
Power of m. -Napoleon's.
Pride of m.-Comelia.
Revenged m.-Mrs. Dustln.
♦3721
♦3728
♦3723
♦3724
♦3725
♦3720
♦3727
♦8728
♦878»
MOTHEH-INLAW— MURDEUEll.
5842
113S
3061
2522
3412
6064
5677
2812
3595
3714
5786
2455
2276
4198
4313
5371
4800
4004
3249^
6009-
1942
4076
5840
1970
1334
1673
5748
1112
'.a.
1404
4281
:.' 1911
2263
4453
4455.
.TION
liuling m.-Emp. Alexander's. *3730
Sorrowful m. -Indian's o'ptlve. ♦3731
891
MiBccllaiioous crosa-rcforencca.
Affection ofm.outr'ged by Ind'a. 118
Ambition of in. ({ratlfled-Mero. 8721
Ambitious m. of Noro. luti
Anxiety for son-Wordsworth 's.l 608
As:4asslnated by Nero. 1110
Astounded-Matrlolde. 3743
Beloved after death-Mrs, C wp'r. 1 10
-W. Scott's. Ill
Bereaved of a m.-Sertorius. 113
" m. consoled. 6072
Cares of m.-SalUe Ward. 2844
Claims of ra., Superior. 1705
Cruel m.-Irene the mother of L. 180
Cruelty to m.-Caracalla. 1006
Devoted to children-Luther's. 1880
" child-Indian.
DiscernlnK m. -Goldsmith's.
Dream of m.-Ed. Itich.
Glad m. of Washington.
Honored in children.
" by son-TheodorIc
" -Confucius.
Hopes defeated-Miuistry.
Independent ra. of W.
Longing; to see his mother
P.
a529
2301
.3180
6208
0059
2067
5259
3796
6054
115
Love of m., Superior- W. P'nn's.3970
" " " -forgiving. 1273
Makes the son. 2066
" " man-J. Qulncy. 3287
" -Nero's. 1347
Memory of m.-Pleaslng. 2103
Neglectful m.-Nursln^. 1193
Outraged by cruelty to infant. 118
Patriotic m. of Pausanius. 5075
Prayers of a m.-Cartwrlght's. 1083
" "" -Henry Boehm. 1086
Precedence of m. -Napoleon I. 4950
Regard for m , Cromwell's. ^'470
" " tears of m. 4868
Reproach of m.-Little King. 1272
Restrained gently-Alexander's. 114
Shameless m.-Loulsa Maria. 2066
" " Agrippina. 4.369
" " -Queen of Spain. 5125
Teacher of children. 1~89
Tears of a m.-C. Marcius's m. 6101
" " " " -Alexander's. 114
Vengeance of m.-H. Dustin. 5790
Wise m. of J. Wesley. 358
Sec PARENTS in loc.
nioriiER-iN.i,AW.
Hostility to ni.in-l.-Mlltou's d.*3732
mOTHERS.
Cruelty of Spartan m.
State needs good m.-Nap.
See STEP-MOTHER.
Power of s.-m. -Murder.
See MATERNITY and MATRICIDE
in loc.
inOTION.
Crossrefcrencc.
Perpetual m.-Arkwright. 5168
raOTIVE.
Mtacellaneou9 cross-references.
Disguised in gov't. 3145
Quality determined by m. 3510
1350
3727
4188
Higher m.-Kelitrioiis.
Morality in m.-S. Johnson.
*3783
♦3734
Miscellaneous cross .eferoiices.
Conflicting m.-Piety-Keverence.870
Good m. defeated by bad th'orrs.iWl
Mixed m. in bene volencu-J'hns'n. 521
mOUNTAIN.
.Mlscelhuicniis eross-rcftTonccs,
DlfBculr pn.3sage tif m.-'nmour.l579
Rebuked by Xerxiis. 1028
inOVNTAINS.
Beneflt of m.-Afiica. ♦3735
3225
Cross-reference.
Liberty among the m.
raOVRNING.
in Bereavement, (Jiadcd. ♦,3730
National m.-Deai li uf Lincoln. ♦37.37
Respectful m. -Death of Wash.^3738
Shameful t. Emp. Vltellius. ;J870
See WAILlNd.
Remedy lor the sick Aby.ssin'na.4759
Sec ADVERSITY, HEREAVE.MENT
anil srKFERI\(i in luc.
iuvltitlde:.
Fickleness of m. (). Cioin well. ♦3789
Unreasoning m. -Sheep. •3740
Sei' ASSEMIilJES.
Interdlcted-Rf'ligious-Eng. *375
See ASSE.MliI,Y.
Immense-Centennial year, 1876.4084
" -80,000 p.-Colosseum. 081
Popular a. opposed. 2152
Unwicldy-80 000 priests.
See MASSES :in(l Nl'.MBERS in loc.
inilRDEU.
Atrocious m.-I'aiiiieulo.
of Innocents-Richard III.
♦3741
♦3742
Cross-reference.
Excessive m.- Feasting B'rb'rrns.688
See URIEF.
Conjugal g.-Thos. Jefferson. ♦2486
Fatal g.-Artaxerxes. ♦2487
Public g.-Fall of Jerusalem. *2488
Abstinence in g.-Wifo of James.OOtiS
of Affection-Daniel Webster. 501
Aged by g.-Androw Jackson. 1C5
Angered by g.-Caracalla. 1090
" at g.-Carabyscs. 2881
False cure for g.-Promotlon. 2903
Fatal g. of Jamen V. of Scotland. 300
" "-Dying for Ic ,?.
" "-Sudden g.-Dr. Mott.
Heart broken by g. -Henry .'I.
" " " " -I'errone',.
Madness of g.-Alexander.
Overcome by g -Josephine,
of Separation-Nap's friends.
Silence of g.-Napoleon I.
Solitude for g -Confucius.
See REMORSE.
of Persecutors-Charles IX.
Royal r.-Edward IV.
for Forgery-De Divioi
Sudden r. for raurder-
Alex.
" " Ex'n Joan of Arc.
See SORROW,
a Living s.-Bad son.
Sentimental s.-Xerxes.
3319
3810
4005
, 25,34
1-128
180!)
715
5140
52.')9
♦4702
♦-17G1
2192 I
1744 I
4021
4137
♦.5267
♦,5208
MiscellaneoiLS croNS-refcrences.
Atonement for m.-iMoney. 3273
Diabolical m. of A. Llneoln. 373
Duellist's ni.-A. Uainilton. 1747
Excusable -PerseciiUon. 4122
Government provide funeral-E.310O
Indignation at m. of Becket. 3505
Intentional m. -Frederick Wm. 3389
Justifiable ni. by Capt. J. Smith. 80
Justified by Jesuits. 3013
Legal m.- Execution of J. of Arc. 1726
Licensed by legislation. 32"'3
Mania for m.-King Ciimbyses. 2881
" " " -Scotfw nurse. 2882
Murder for m.-Rosamon '. 1292
Passionate m.-Insiitiity-/Esop. 40'^j
Preparalion for m.-lieligious. 1107
Reaction against m.-Cie^ar's. 4310
Remorse for passinnate ra. 4021
Revenged by daughter. 6056
Reward for m. -Necklace. 1343
Sliocked by Lincoln's ni.-So'ty.3810
Slow m. of Thos. Overbury. 4226
Vengeance for m.-Mary Stuart. 5784
of Ambltlon-Nap. and Josephine 101
" Bereavement- A. Jackson. 105
Crushed by parental s.-H'nry 11.4005
Mothers' s. -Indian war. 3731
Parental s. -Ruined child. 794
Touching s.-Martyr Taylor. 2073
of Women-Turks. 4356
See TEARS.
of Bereavement-Dan. Webster. 561
Fictitious t.-Weeplng virgin. 3620
Fountain of secret t.-Byron. 2535
Power of maternal t. on Alex, 114
Refuge of emotion in t,-Lincoln.557
inURDiCRER.
Painful hospitality to a m.
Remor-ie of m.-.Mexander.
Self-exposed m. -Abbott
Smitten of (iod-GodwIn.
Wholesale m.-Caracalla.
See ASSASSIN.
Honnred-Emp. Caraealla.
-Bothwell.
Married by wife of victim.
Motive history names.
Religious a. of Henry III.
Victim, Mistake of.
.See ASSASSINS.
Hatred of a.-Cajsar's.
Infamous a.-Lincoln's.
Religious a. -Persia.
264.5
1744
1080
2490
1000
1123
2188
3437
2052
1107
8204
♦372
♦373
♦3T4
Deceived by Mahomet. 3495
Justified-H. Dustln-Indian's. 372!)
Partisan a.-Blue and green. 970
Rebuked by f. honors- Csesar's. 2251
'• -Lincoln'8.22.54
Struggle with a.-PlzaiTo. 1008
Terror of-National panlc-Eng. 398»
892
ML'UDKKKSS— NATION.
Svv ASSASSINATION'.
Atterapted-Louls Philippe.
-Vlotorlii.
Consplraoy for a. -British Cab,
Dollvcrance by a.-Henry III.
Usoape from a-Llnooln.
Kear of a.-Cromwell.
(ieiieral a. In Ireland.
Jiistlfled-Philip of Groeue.
I'litrlotio a. of t'ajsar.
Peril of a.-Cromwell.
Kemurkable a.-Csesar's.
•800
♦801
•862
•303
•804
•305
♦300
•307
*-m
*:m
•370
♦371
Ambition provoked u. of C«sar. 184
Attempted a. by JesuitH.
3000
.3010
1 135
4020
3003
37ia
11.38
494H
Cammon-P.elKn of Wm. I.
Denounced a. uf ('a3sar.
DIsgraco of a. -James II
Failure of a.-C'ommodus.
by Gov't-Ulchanl III.
Ilorrlfled by Cajsar's a.
Plot for a. of Elizabeth.
Political a.-Duke of Oloucester.aioa
Reaction of a. on Henry II. iiu.'i
Ilesponslblllty for a. -Henry II. aiMii)
Kesort to a. -Nero-Mother. 1317
Reyenfje by a. -J. Hamilton. 4801
Scheme of a. wholesale. 1140
" '■ " -Kosaniond'.*. 67
" " " -Catherine deM.'s.6060
Shocking a. of Ulzzio. 2687
Terror of a.-Emp. Au!;uatus. 3891
Sec INFAN'TICIDE.
Common 1. by micKovernment. 8410
Soe MATKIOIDE.
Infamous m. by Nero.
Seo PARUICIOE.
Crime of p. " Impossible."
Punishment of p.
3743
1110
♦4000
♦4007
Youthful p.-Boys 10 years old. 120.5
See EXECUTION, MASSACUE,
POISON and SLAUGHTER
it! Inc.
miTKDKRESS.
Murdered-Agrlpplna.
inijsic.
Art In m. -Johnson.
Condemned-Spartans.
Imiiglnary-Dunstan.
Love of m.-16th century.
Necosslty-Vandals.
Opposed to m.-Purltans.
Political power of m.
Power of m.-Mary Stuart.
In Strife-Charles XII.
Taste for m. -Italians.
Unappreciated-Gen. Grant.
Undignifled-Alclblades.
♦3743
♦3744
♦3745
♦3740
♦3747
♦3748
♦3749
♦3750
♦3751
♦3753
♦37,53
♦37,54
♦3765
Miacellaneous cross-references.
Charms of m.-SavaRes, 3816
Church m.-Crltlo of. 1304
Devotion to m.-T. Jefferson. 6.371
DltHculty in m. met. 2979
Exhilaration by m. 3753
Fondness for m.-Crom":ell's. 3178
Ignorance, Compensatja. 34
Impre.iilve m. of church ht
Inspiration In m.-Wotley-Mohs
Laws sunt; to m.
Passions corrected by ni.
Recreation In m. -Milton.
Relief in m. -Martin Luther.
Solace in misfortune.
Time, Skill requires.
Unpleasant m. for rivals.
Unappreciated -I'hillp
iniTsiciAiv.
Mlaet'llaniMius cni.'<i-ri'fi'reiicfs,
Illustrious m.-Honiur.
NeKlected m. -Starvation of E.
S," SlNUlXd.
Friends made by s.-Luthur.
Ridlcuied-Plato'.M.
See SOMi.
on the Battletit'M I'msilans.
.509
098
4223
4709
2498
701
3718
1968
33.56
1908
2317
4388
1811
1314
3788
iatrTIIi\TIOM.
INIlscellaiifdiis i rn,-., r/f^n'ticra.
of AdHculturlsLs by 'I'tieodorlc. 101
,5240
,5791
48,57
5348
5243
bv Cowards-Romans.
Punishment by m.- Scots
Revenge by m.-Covcntry.
Self m. for deception.
Soldiers supported by State.
IttUTINY.
Courage again.-^i m.-Cii'sar.
Cruel m. -Henry llud-'on.
by Dl8appolnr,meiit-Columbus.*37.58
Reform by m. -British Navy. ♦HSO
of Sailors-British Navy. ♦37tiO
♦37.50
♦37.57
MiscollaneouH cross-references.
(fuelled by (Jenoral Jackson. 1903
Sailors' m. -Columbus. 1910
Unparalleled m. -Scottish s'ld'rs 300
See SEDITION.
Partisan s. -"Blues and greens."507i8
See niSI.OYALTY in htc.
IVYS rERIES.
Inexplicable m.-S. Johnson. 3761
1883
2864
15.30
.54.55
2180
.54.58
3198
1.581
Miscellaneous cross-references.
of CreduUty-Sacred images
Initiation into liea'lien ni.
MYSTEKY.
Departure of Cleomedes.
False explanation of m.
in Food supplies for all.
Inexplicable m. to Indians,
in Letters to savages.
Optical delusion-Canaries.
Perplexing m.- J. Smith's watch. 5441
Soul's m.-Mahomet. 5871
See AUGUUY.
Book of a. -Chinese. *m>
Building by a.-Clty of Rome. ♦396
See COINCIDENCE.
Alarmlnif c. -Gale-Earthquake. ♦965
Comforting ^.-BlbIlcal lesson. ^966
Repeated-Theseus and Rom. *9fi7
Strange c -Death of Adams-J. ♦9()8
" " -II. Miller's app'riti'n^969
Marvellous c.-Martyr. 4130
in Names-Bacon. 3775
Remarkable c.-Mysterious voloe.250
Strange c. -Signals alike. 1154
Sec I'KEMONITION.
Accidental p. -Charles I. ♦4410
of Death-Charles V. •4420
" " -Llnco'n's. ♦4481
" " " ♦4422
See MA(ilCftii,l OKA(;i,K in loc.
MYSTK^Ism.
Methods of m. -Monkery.
Knoi
Miscellaneous crosa-rcfcrencca.
Monkish m.-Aslatlcs. 357
Prevalent m.-Purltans. 8596
IVYTHS.
Origin of m.-West Indies. ♦370C
NAKEDNESS.
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Philosopher's n. -Persian. 8.393
Scandalous n. -Fanatic. 8094
" -(Quakers. 8.508
NARIE.
Abandoned-Rlddell.
Aid of a n. -Alexander.
Change of n. -Robert the Devil
Detested-Jeffreys.
Difference in n. -Unimportant,
Falsifled n. -Odious softened.
Fearful n -Rlcliaid I.
Helpful n.-Wash. Irving.
Posthumous n.-Ca'sar.
Terrible n.-Gen. Jackson.
♦3704
♦3705
♦3706
♦.•1767
*3,U8
♦3769
•3770
♦3771
♦3773
♦3773
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Exalted by merit-Hi)race. 885
Helpful n.-Call on Solymun. 3563
Power in a n. -Solon. 5019
Scorned-Adopted-Eng. 1900
Trust in a n. -Roman. 1144
Wronged in n. -Columbus. 8054
.See NICKNAME.
Affectionate n. -"Little o'rp'ral.4,508
Assumed-" Trimmer." li;«
See FA M E hi loc.
NAmES.
Burdened with n.-the Welsh.
Confidence in n.-U. Hacon.
High-sounding n. -Chinese.
Influence of n.-" King.''
Memorizing n.-S. Johnson.
Unimportant-British Navy.
♦3774
♦3775
♦3770
♦3777
♦3778
♦3779
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Concealed-Titular deities. 1513
Opprobrious n. forbhlden. 1166
See SKiNATUUE.
of Ignorance-" Rude mark." ♦.5130
Remarkable s. -Arabs. ♦SIS?
3027
8193
8879
♦3780
♦3781
♦3782
♦3783
♦3784
♦3785
♦3786
•3787
Forced s. -Warrant signed.
Forged official s.-Emperor.
Power of s.-Insanity.
NATION.
Characterized- Am. Indians.
Conceited n.-Engiish.
Degenerate n., Mohammedan.
" " -Moors.
" " -Eng., yr. 1756.
Heterogeneous n. -Romans.
Inconsiderate n. endangered.
Prospective n.-New France.
NATIONS— NEUVOUSNEHS.
893
•4419
♦4420
*44«1
1 (Of.
*3708
357
8506
a393
a094
350«
225
3562
5019
1900
1144
2054
1513
1166
3627
2193
2879
Hesoued- Prussia at Leutben.
Shameful n. -Spain.
•3788
•3789
MiHcelluncous cross-references.
Bankrupt u. -France. 3667
" -U. 8.. yr. 1780. 8659
Boastful n. -Athenian. 244
Children the hope of the n.-W. 809
Composite character of Am's. 771
DoooWed by one man-T. Oate8.4213
Deneneracy-Proof of-Uruel. 2010
Deicenerate n.-KuK.-Franklln. 1508
" "-EoKllsh. 4979
" "-Hungarians. 1509
" "-Modern Greeks. 1.507
Dependent on one man. 2209
Despondent-Valley Forge. 2308
I)lsoouraKed-Am. Uevolutlon. 1541
DIsunlted-Enif. -French rulers. 726
Divided by antlpathy-Irlsh. 243
" oaste-Ennlish-Irlsh. 727
Dominated by foreigner. 2665
" one mind. 248-J
Enlarged by conquests of C. 199
Glory of n.(loparted-P"rtugue8e.2862
Honored by foreigners. 2617
Impoverished-United States. 4345
Indebted to merchants. 981
Inspired by one man. 2560
Lifted by one man-Pitt. 3686
Many misfortunes of Spartans. 95
Mourning, n. In-Llncoln's d. 3737
Obllteraied-Phoenlclans. 985
Prejiidl<!e-French vs. England. 4413
Prosperity by Iron-England. 2998
Prosperous ago of Roman n. 3414
Providence In n., Lessons of. 4546
Represented well-B. Franklin. 2333
Ruined by rulers-Spain.
Suffering by English barons.
Ungrateful n.-Thebans.
" for services.
Voice of the n., False.
NATIONS.
Contrasted-Athenlans-L.
Union of n. -Commonwealth.
Vanishing n.-Algonqulns.
53.36
8456
2855
3850
3748
♦3790
♦3791
•3792
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Alarm of n. -Napoleon. 4109
Changes In fortune of n.-E.-F. 198
Decline of European n.-Catholio.735
Enemies of all n.-Jesults. 8007
Religion of n. affects the State. 735
See NATIONALITY.
Precedence of n.-P. Henry. 4067
See REPUBLIC.
In Decay-Roman. ♦4788
Presaged-John Cabot. ♦4783
Ruled by one will. 2444
" -Washlngton.2836
Virtue necessary to r. 3455
See AMERICA iti loo.
NATURAIilZATION.
Cross-reference.
of Citizens -Roman. 893
NATVHB (Human).
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Aroused by abnse-Chrlstlan. 4033
Ignored for principles. 4461
Inconsistency of n. -James II. 5?.i3
Universal n.-Ciusar llret. 4401
NATURE (PuTSioAL).
vs. Art-Samuel Johnson. ♦3793
Demands of n. -Sleep-Newton. *3794
Depreciated-Samuel Johnson. ♦3795
Irrepressible-. v. Jackson. ♦37i»ti
MIslnterpreted-Provldoncc. ♦3707
Relief In n.-Edraund Burke. •3798
Secrets of n. -General laws. *3799
Miscell:tneous cross-references,
Adoration of n. -Heavens.
Aid of n. -Indian hatchets.
Charmed by n. -Audubon.
Fondness for n.-.\ubudon.
-D. Boone.
Interpreted by Ileraolltus.
Love of n., Mussulman's.
Rights of n. enforced-Nap. I.
Science conquers n.
Subdued by austerity-Monks.
Suppressed by Priscilllanlsts.
Suppression of n. -Monks.
Unattracted by n.-Le Fleming
Worshipped by ancient G'rm'n8.616-(
See COLD.
Affects mind-Laplanders. O.W
Fearful of c.-Folly. 2025
See EARTHQUAKE.
Destructive ancient o. ♦17.')8
2375
2848
1878
mvi
.3!H)1
5210
3800
:m
401
3847
. ;J41
Alarmed by e. -London.
Appalling e.-Llsbon.
See EARTHQUAKES.
Periods of ancient e.
1087
731
♦17.VJ
Architecture perilous by e. 338
See E<;i.irsE.
Alarm from e., Superstitious a. 5441
" " " " 5459
See ELECTRICITY.
Light of e.-Columbus, 2d v. ♦18.'j3
Discovery in e.-Strange-C. 8849
Experiments in e.-B. Franklin. 2847
" "-Young S. (139
See MOUNTAINS.
Benefit of m.-Africa. ♦3735
3225
Liberty among the m.
See SEA.
Passion for the s.-Slr John F. ♦SOW
Abandoned In the s.
Attraction of s.-W. Irving.
Attractions of the s.-Crockett
Charmed by s. -Young Cook.
Communication by the s.
Detested by Egyptians.
Distrust of s.. An. mariners'.
Fearless of the s.-Willlam II.
Health, Restorative of-Irving.
Origin of s.-Legend.
Overwhelming s.-Llsbon Earthq 731
Punished by Xerxes. 1026
-300 lashes. 330
Surpassed by appetite. 8943
See SPRINO.
the Period for poetry-MUton. 1014
1144
8734
6;it
32.52
088
983
3489
049
2,531
3545
See KU.MMEK.
Land of s.-North Carolina. ♦6430
See DARKNESS, EI.E.MENTS kn>l
sroR.M in too.
navi<;ation.
Undeveloped Uomiin.-*.
NAVY.
Forraldiibit n.-lnvlmaiilo A.
Need of a n. -Peter the Gruat
♦3800
♦.3801
♦380a
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Battle, Floroe-Paul Jones.
Demoralized by corruption.
Ignorance commanding u.
Inmiense-Roman n.
Promoted In n.. Favorites.
Promotion In n.. Unmerited.
Speedily construoted-Cajsar's.
See SUM'S in toe.
NECES54ITIES.
Cro.ss-red'n.'iice.
of Life-Lyre-Sponge-Bread.
5,305
1615
2718
21, 58
4187
3895
3l>
3748
NECESSITY.
Law of n.-Capt. John Smith. *;J803
.Miscellaneous cross-refereuccs.
Development by n. 5795
False plea of n. 1 123
Mother of Inventlon-J. Fitch. 871
" " the useful arts. 3.37
Self-created n. -Tobacco. 2575
See WANT m luc.
NECROMANCY.
Proof of n.-"Famlliar spirit." ^3804
See MAOIC m loo.
NEOIiECT.
Mlscellanenus cross-references.
Atonement for n.-Posth'raons. 3870
Explalned-Alexander. 4438
Failure by n. -Cable. 2088
of Friend-Anaxagoras. 4778
" Helpers by Thebans. 465
Life lost by n.-Gibbon. 3860
Mortifying to Adams-"Postage.'",35
Responsibility for n.-Llfe. 3160
NEUHO.
Blood of n. -Boston massacre. ♦3805
Cross-reference,
Preacher,Remark'blen.-"B.II."4889
NEGROES.
in War-Am. Colonies.
•880«
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Changing to n.. Fear of. 954
Hatred toward n.-N, Y. mob. 3646
Plot of n.-burn-.V. Y. yr. 1741. 4214
Wealth among n., Seeking, 972
NEIGHROR.
Cross-reference,
Trespass of n.-Buildlng. 3057
NEPOTISm.
Cross-reference.
Opposition to n. -Cromwell. 8893
NERVOUSNESS.
Eyinced-Samuel Johnson. ♦3807
894
NEUTRALITY— OATHS.
Mlncollanenuii croaH-rprcrunoea,
in ComposlnK-WMrds worth. 1018
Controlled by Houthey. fii03
HufforinK from n.-ll. Pancul. av-ll
NEUTRAL.ITV.
Kaforced-LouLs XVI. ♦3808
Nominal n.-Alabumii. ♦8800
Ml8C('ll;ineou9 cronsroforciici'S.
Appreciated by Ciusar. 1032
DaiiKorousii.-KellKioiis. 113.5
Evaded-Kxponslvo-England. l.'iO.'i
Firmly maintalnod-G'v'rnm'nt.2'iau
OCfenslve n. of U. S. 170
Political n.-Infatnoiis-3olon. 1230
NEWS.
Fatal n.-Dr. Mott-Mncoln d. ^3810
Writer of n.-devlces, yr. 1709. ♦3811
Mi8ccllanco\is iroHs-referenccH.
Diatresacd by bad n. -Lincoln. 847
Good n.-IIaatc-Gold. 1974
Manipulated-Hcrtorius. 1479
Sliockinffn. -Fatal-Unexpected. 1603
NE^VSPAPERS.
Colonial Am. n.. yt ^r 1740. ♦3813
Depreoatod by Addison. *3H\3
Primltivan.-EnKll:Ui. ♦3814
Thought directed by n. *3815
Mlscollancoua cross references.
Attacks of n.-ij?nored-Lincoln. 1309
Fabulous accounts in n. 1973
Want of n. -Preserve liberty. 3237
See PRES.S in loc.
NEW YEAR.
C'niss-ri'ference.
Reflections, N. Y. -Johnson. 1396
NICKNAME.
Miscelhiiu'ous cross-references.
Affectionate-"Little Corporal. "4508
Assumed-Trimmer. 1132
NIGHT.
Activity at n. -Africans. ♦3810
Desire for n at Waterloo. ♦3817
Stiscellaiieous cro,ss- references.
False alarm at disturbance-P. 165
of Terror-London panic.
Work-Johnson writes all n.
See DARKNE.SS in loc.
NOBILITY.
of Appcaranoe-Numltor.
Uonored-Sthenis-Pompey.
Patriotic n.-Sylla.
Recognized-Louis I,Y.
398;^
404
♦3818
♦3819
♦3820
♦3821
Miscellaneous cross-references.
In Abstinence-Alexander.
of Ancestry despised-Nap.
See AIIISTOCRACV.
in Battle-Roman.
Expense of a. -Romans.
Reaction for a. -Puritans.
Ruin of a.-Greeks.
5095
35fln
♦301
♦302
♦303
♦304
Brutal pleasures- Normans. 1332
Rule of a.-Burdensome-Va. 2443
See ROYALTY.
Atrocity of r. -Constantinople. ♦4949
Maternal r.-Napoleon I. ♦49B0
Miseries of r.-Stuarta. ♦fiWl
Overthrown at Milan. *49.W
Rejected Statue of Goo. III. *-nm
See DIGNITY and KMINKNL'E
in Inr.
NON-RESISTANCE.
Christian ii.-r.-Prlmltlvo Ch. *3828
Evasion of n.-r.S. Jolmson. ♦3823
Taught by Tories England. ♦3H24
rross-refcrence.
Shameful n.-r. C'hinesu.
NONSENSE.
against Nonsense.
1410
♦;tt25
Cross-rererence.
Preferred to ■wisdom. 2100
See FOLLY iind lU'MOR in loc.
NOVELS.
Contempt for n. -Napoleon I. ♦3826
Reading n. -Excitement. ♦3827
See RO.MANCE.
Origin of the word r. ^4928
In Illstory-Pocahontas.
" " -Pretty feet,
of Love-Dropped dead.
" " for Johnson.
Perils of r.-Co'tez a lover.
Power In r.-Jane Mact'rca.
In Reilglon-Pocahontas.
Spirit of r.-Hlchard I.
In War-"For (iod and Her."
NOVELTY.
Cross-reference.
Architectural n. -Composite.
.See IXNOVATION.
Resented-Subjects of Peter.
2674
2583
3.S48
33-19
3353
5108
4743
2460
5929
282
♦2875
Opposed-Highways. 4414
to l.-S. Johnson. 2511
See ORIGINALITY.
in Authorship-Thomas Jefferson.420
" Literature-Cooper. 2743
See INGENUITY aii.l PROGRESS
ill loc.
NUISANCE.
Perpetuated London offal. ^3828
NULLIFICATION.
(,'rossrefereiice.
Failure of n.-United States. 5329
'C«U1«IBER.
Small ii. ridiculed. ^3829
NUMBERS.
Disparity of n.-Cortez in Mex.*3830
-Alex. -Xerxes. ^3831
" "-Maxcntius-C. ♦38:12
an Obstacle-Persian Magi. *3833
without Victory-Aglncourt. ♦38*4
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Appalled by n. of Darius's army.466
Confldence in n., Vain. 4330
Conquest by n.-Tlmour. 309
Deceptlve-"A11 hog's flesh." 3768
Disdain for n.-Alarlc. 1145
Disparity in n.
'• " "-Constantine.
" " " disregarded.
Fearless of n. -Crusaders at C.
Indtfferenoo to n. -Cromwell.
Less than position.
(Quality more than n.
Weakness In n.-Aglncourt.
See MINORITY.
Power of m. -James II.
" " " -Cromwell.
Presumption of m. -Politics.
♦3017
♦3618
♦3010
Uulo by m. attompted-Jas. II. 2427
See ONE.
Encouragement by o. -Battle. ♦SOOO
Power of o.-chrlstian. ♦3910
Deliverance of England by o. 2187
Dependence on one man. 2340
Nation uplifted by one man. 2424
3580
See MAJORITY, MULTITUDE
and QUALITY in loc.
NUNM.
Cross-reference.
Virtue untested.
NURSES.
CroHs-ruference.
Attachment of n., Nero's.
OATH.
of Allegiance to Mahomet.
Constrained o. -Harold II.
Evaded-Romans.
of Fidelity-Roman eoldlers.
Horrible o., Conspirator's.
Sacred o. -Harold II.
Test o. -Protestant.
1160
6045
♦3835
♦38;i0
♦3837
♦3838
♦3839
♦3840
♦3841
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Absolved from o. by Gabriel-M. G3
Blind o.-a Secret condition. 1079
of Devotion to death. 102
False o., Result of. 1283
Honored by Regulus. 5081
Official o., Impressive. 2768
OATHS.
Strange estimate of o. ♦3842
See BLASPHEMY,
by Comparison to Christ. 19,58
Punishable by death-Mary land.4729
Sec PERJURY.
Punishment of p., Judicial. ^4118
Punished with death.
Shameful p.-"Dlck" Talbot.
See PROFANITY.
Irrepressible, Washington's.
Punished by Puritans.
Ruinous p. -French infldels.
Suppression of p.-C. Wren.
5219
6082
♦4480
♦4481
♦4482
♦4483
Clerical p.-Wm. Grimshaw. 3708
Female p.-Queen Elizabeth. 763
vs. Prayer-Andrew Johnson. 4387
Reproof of p. resented 4033
See SWT.ARINQ.
Admlred-Gen. Charles Scott. ♦5485
OBDURACY— OFFICE.
896
407
5768
1*17
W5
811
8380
8843
471
2187
8340
8484
3580
1160
Reproof for x.-Jubn Bunyan. *5480
Substitute for prufuno s.
413
OBDVRAOV.
MlBccllaui'uiiH cruss-roferencuH.
Criminal o.-Eurl of Korrers. 2539
Immovable o. of James II. 8530
OBEDIENCE.
Absolute o. of C'lirmutblans.
Annrry o.-Black Prince.
Ministerial o. -Mahomet.
" "-Nathan BanKs.
Monkish a.-Kftypt.
Outward o. to laws.
I irfeot Mohammedan o.
♦8843
*8844
♦3845
♦3848
♦3847
♦3848
♦3849
Miscellaneous crosa-rcferencos.
without Afifectlon-J. II. 's son. 800
Conditional o.-LeRallty. 8890
Exaction of o.-Uoward. 411
ExactiuK o. by Wesley. 8199
Lesson of o. important. 6071
Love secures o. 3352
Obsequious o. of clergy to J. II. 928
Stlmulated-DisKrace-Soldiers. 1236
TrainiuK in o.-Children. 1823
of Wife to husband. B998
" " -Mary to Wm. IIL 2090
Sec SERVILITY.
Disgraceful s. -James Bagge. ^5123
of Flatterers-Romans.
Genius for s. -Bagge.
Required by tyrant-Sapor.
Shameful s. -Roman Senate.
Shameless s. of husband of Z.
See FAITHFITLNESS in loc.
305
5183
2.527
4377
03
Cross-references.
Suggestions from o.-Rupert.
Truth by Luther at Rome.
against Counsel-CJharlos XII. 1239
Creditable o. of Samuel Adams. UTO
Defect of o.-Mllt(jn. 2983
Foolish o.-IIasty words. 27IH
Plea of o.-WllUum Penn-J. II. 3,M8
Refuge in o.-Ainb. of Wm, 111. T.50
Religious o. against p'rs"cut'rs.l.\58
Subdued by magnanimity. 2199
See DETEII.MI.VATIOX in luc.
OBJECTIONS.
MIsceUiiiH'diis cross-references.
Ignorance-Columbus. 2712
Puerile o. against the Bible. 580
See COMPLAINTS and SCRUPLES
i;i loc,
OBSCURITY.
Desired for evasion. •3850
OBSE<tVIOIJSNESS.
Cross-reference.
Deceptive o. to Caesar. 2222
OBSERVATION.
Acute o.-Blacksmith and C. II.^3851
1898
53
OBSTACIjES.
Cross-reference.
Overcome by perseverance-D. 3949
See DIFFICULTIES and HIN-
DRANCES in loc.
OBSTINACY.
Depraved o.-App. of H. VIIL ♦3852
Extraordinary o. of James II. ♦3853
Immovable o. of James II. ♦3854
Political o. of James IL ♦3855
MIscelfauieous cross-references.
Argument declined by o. 3049
Assumed o.-Dead bodies. 2558
OBSTRUCTION.
Legislative o. -Romans.
♦3H.')0
Ml8cellancou.s cross-re fi-rence.
Misguided o. -Scots. 973
See niNDRANCK, OHSTACLES
and OI'I'OSITION iu loc.
OCCUPATION.
Changes in o. -Peter Cooper. ♦3H57
One o. only-Weavers. ♦.3858
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Caste in o.-Egypt. 1480
Chosen o. of Grant- Farmer. 5880
" " " noblest Romans-F.l.V.)
Delightful o.of Wash.-Farmlng.1873
Honest o. required-Egyptian. 2809
Ignoble o. -Emperor Gratlan. 1007
See EMPLOYMENT i;i loc.
OCEAN.
Barrier of God-Saracens. ♦.38.')8
Enchanted by Alexander. ♦3859
5808
Cross-reference.
Dangers of the o.-Cartler.
See SEA.
Passion for the s.-J. Franklin.^5058
ODDS.
Cross-reference.
Defiant of o.-C!ru3aders. 645
See MAJORITY ii.ul NUMBERS
ill loc.
ODium.
Accidental o.-Earl of Str'firord.*38C0
Braved by J. Adams. ♦3861
See DISORACE in loc.
ODORS.
Cleansed-Scotch soldiers. ♦3802
Dangerous o. -Smell of camels. ♦3863
See PERFUME.
Delight in p.-Mahomet. 4210
OFFENCE.
Cross-referenco.
Trifling o. severely punished. 4568
See CRIMES, INJURIES and
INSULT in loc.
OFFICE.
Annoyance in o -Romans. ♦3864
Appointment to o. -James II. ♦SSOS
Changes in o.-Turks. ♦3800
Conditions for o.-College Pres.*3807
Declined by Cromwell. ♦3868
Dislike for o.-Amurath. ♦3809
Embarrassments in o. -Lincoln. ♦3870
by Favoritism-Buckingham. ♦3871
Honorary o.-John Howard. ♦3872
Honored o.-Emperor Trajan. *3873
Love of o.-Lord Rochester. ^3874
>• .1 •' •< " *3875
Purchased-Emperor Claudius. ♦3876
Sylla. ♦3877
(^uali float loi.s for o.-Roman.
Resignation of o.-Shamuful.
" " "-Farcical.
" "-Policy.
" " "-Kiiip. Sylla.
Rich men for o.-Carth'g'n'ns.
Rotation iu o.-Tliebaiis.
" " "-"Bite deeper."
Sale of o.-Eng. prison wardens.
Seekers for o. -Lincoln.
Selection for o. -Greeks.
Spoils for magiilflccnce.
Terror In o.-Emp. Augustus.
Uncondllloiied-Wni P. of O.
Undeslrod-Cromwell.
Unfitted for o.-J. Adams.
Unmerlted-Engllsli nuvy.
" -Greek Emperor.
Unsought-Abubeker.
♦8878
♦■S879
♦3880
•3881
♦;W82
♦88ai
♦3«8t
♦<J885
♦3886
♦3887
•3888
♦8889
♦3890
♦8891
♦3892
♦3H9;i
*:mi
♦:W!I5
♦;)H'.w
♦3897
MlscelliiiH'ous cross-references.
Abandoned, Presidential o. 42;H
" -Coercion of p. o. 3525
Abilities command o.-Rlchelleu,2IH2
Accepted pIou.sIy-Thos. More. 2;!72
Ago for (). of senator. 129
Ambition for o.-IIcnr-' Ciay. 4217
Attachment to o. -Clarendon. 2li(M)
Bachelors excluded- Franco. 441
Bought by corruption- Kngland. 009
Caste In o. -French in Eng. 720
Character more than o.-T. 775
Conciliating power of o.-Adams.070
Declined after injury. 2903
Dignity sustains o.-\VaHhIngfn.l,';H9
Disn;l-sal fron c, SignlHcant. 3HC0
for Display-English sheriff. !187a
Ecclesiastical o. sold. 923
Endangered- Richelieu. 1474
Expense of o.-Roman Counts. 308
Happiness In o.-Trujan. 3873
Honesty disqualifies for o. 30.39
" in o.-Abubeker. 2005
Ilunilllatlon for o., Disgraceful. 1248
Intimidating o.-Win. Pitt. 2299
Life In public o.-Adams. 2040
Love of eccles. o.-Chal'-of Peter.181
Neglected-G. II. absent from Eng.9
Perilous o.-Rom. Emperor. 2013
Piety a qualification for o. 2090
vs. Private life-Duties. 3275
Promotion iu o., Unexpected. 1610
Proscribed from o.-Protestants.l996
Public o. for public wealStanton 110
Purchased-Fatal to Julianus. 3078
Recognition of o. required. 40-34
Religious test for o.-Md. 733
" " "-Catholics. 734
Resignation of o.-Charles V. ' 2627
" "-Diocletian. 2026
Resigned-Broken spirit. 3558
Sale of o.-Emp. Commodus. 438
Seeking the man-Claudius. 3870
vs. Soul-Choice of o. 1996
Support for o. coerced. 1997
Threatened loss of o.-Nero. 4369
Unexamined for o.-Ad. Blake. 2;i44
Undeserved-English navy. 1615
Undeslred with infamy. 3038
Unenjoyed-Bp. Hall abandoned. 2
1 ':!
896
rrmurui)uloii8 Hiiibltloii (or ». 'iff!
Unworthy of o.-ctius. the Kat. 111)1)
Vexatious o.-Oov. Canflold. 4107
Wealth necossary In o. 8H7!{
Heo Al'l'OINTMKNT.
KtiibarraHsmont by a. of A. ^ar^
IIiiralllalliiK a. of Ciusar to W. 'STS
I'arilaun a. of Polk'it Adm'n. ♦aTfl
OFFICKU— OIMNIONH.
hlotltlous a.-Kom. Cath Bp. 1014
See Al'l'OINTMENTS.
Reaented-Soldlers of James V. ♦300
Sec PUKUEDKNC'E.
Iiiflnlteslmal p.-S. Johnnon. *43iw
(Quarrels for p. -Ambassadors. ♦4.'iUU
" " "-Oreeks. *440O
Valued -Caosar. •4401
Deollned by wounded Nelson. 8668
Guarded-Napoleon vs. Pope. 1320
Ludicrous regard for p. -Court. 760
Quarrel for p.-I,ouls XIV. 1671
See I'llK-EMINENCE.
Surpasslnif p.-Oeo.WashliiKton.l988
See PROMOTION.
Ettrned-General Grant. ♦4,')07
Jocose p. -Napoleon. NGOS
Loss by p.-Saturnlntis. •4609
Offensive p. -Senators. *4610
Providential p.-Queen Ellz. *4611
Remarkable p. -Cromwell. ♦4518
Unexpected p., Cromwell's. ♦4513
Alarmlnjf-Pertlnax-not Death. 165
Changed by p.-Arohbp. Becket. 88a
Deserved p.-Lannes at Lodl. 048
Failure by p.-Soldlers. 5069
Peculiar p. -Cook chief en(fln'er.l839
Ruined by p.-Young Carlnua. 1701
Shameful p. by disgrace. 1111
Undeserved p.of an adv'nt'r'r-V.494
See AMBITION, POLITICS and
RULERS in loc.
OFFICER.
Detested-Lord Claiendon. ♦S898
Dishonored -Lord Clarendon. ♦3899
Perfldlous o.-Juan Rodriguez. ^3900
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Defeated by bribes. 2434
Example of public o. 2013
iKnorant o. -Newcastle. 2710
Stupid o.-Col. Jameson. 1553
OFFICERS.
Surplus of o.-Lliiuoln. *3901
Miscellaneous cross-referenoes.
Complaints of o.. Useless. 3143
Contemptible o.-Am. Colonies. 4088
Corrupted because o? small pay.669
Incompetent o. -Seamen. 5007
Morals of o. examined. 3713
Multiplied- Colony of Va. 1582
Titles of o., Pompous. 5688
' Significant. 56,30
" " "-Strange-Army. 5631
OFFICIALS.
Contemptible o.-Brltlsh Col's. *3902
Superlative o., Constantine's. +3903
See POLITICS and RULERS
in toe.
OFFICIOUNNKMN.
Offensive o. L'd Uiicklugham.*'3'.KU
MiMci-llurH'dUN croMM-ri'ftjrencea
Conspicuous o.-OrouvlUe.
Ruined by o. -Charles I.
Hve IMPEKTI.NENCE.
Counsellor's 1. rtibuked.
See .MEDDLINO.
Destruction by flood by m.
Reproved-Blshop Burnet.
1303
1489
8884
♦;).Mn
♦.3840
In Families-England. 44.'58
Mischief by m. ^KK)
Well-meant m.-Hurtful. 8041
OLD AGE.
Critlclaed-S. Johnson. ♦ISO
Excitement In o. a.-IIarrtson. ♦ISl
Health In o. a.-8amuel Johnson. ^132
Labor in o. a.-M. Luther. ♦133
-Sir. W. Herschel.^l.Sl
Literature In o. a. -J. Milton. ♦ISS
Success in o. a.-Cajsar. ♦ISO
Vigor In o. a.-Masinlssa. ♦137
" " " -J. Wesley. ♦ISS
-Cato the Censor. ♦ 139
" " " -Palmerston. ♦HO
Mlscelluneous cross-refiTcnces.
Abandoned In o. a. -Tartars. 3894
' -Am.IndlanB..3629
Abused In o. a. -Creditor. 1855
Affection Ino. a., Fillal-Cowper.llO
Avarice in o. a. -Cato, 433
Benevolence in o. a.-Wesley. 649
Brilliant record in o. a.-Adams.8O40
Consideration for enemies' o. a. 1718
Courage In o. a.-Bp. Latimer. 18%^
Cruelty to o. a.-Xerxes. 5734
Enthusiasm In o. a.-T. Coke. 3644
Folly In o. a.-Lovers-EIIzabeth.2684
Fortitude In o. a. -Puritan. 1850
Fortune forsakes o. a.-Chas. V.8308
" " " -L. XIV. 2209
Genius In o. a.-Cowper. 2300
in Heaven- Youth. 0807
Libertine in o. a.-Louls XV. 3810
Life destroyed In o. a. 6956
Love of life In o. a. 1408
Manliness In o. a.-Bp. Latimer. 6147
Melancholy In o.a.-Q.Ell2abeth.3507
Mental activity in o. a. 1010
Protected by o. a.-Solon. ^141
Quietude necessary in o. a. 3451
Remedy for-Fountain of Youth. 0190
Reproof of o. a.-Valuable. 2021
Strength in o.a.-Wesley'sser. 6854
Vanity in o a.-Constantlne. 5772
" " -Q. Elizabeth. 6775
Vice in o. a.-Antonlna. 1949
Sec AGED.
Blessing of the a.- Pope-J. U. *H5
See LONGEVITY.
Causes of l.-.Tohn Locke. •3236
by Prudence -Peter Cooper's. •3327
Secret of l.-Josiah Quincy. 3282
OmEN.
Ancient o.-Romans. •3906
Annoyed by o.-Oharles L *8906
Presage of o.-Romans. •SOOT
Terrorized by o. -Sailors. •3908
Mlicvlluneouii crois-rcferenoei.
Bad o.-Crom. and Charles I. 0203
of Greatness-Mahomet. 61.19
Pleasing o.-Skull found. 3176
Regard for o., Superstitious. 22.'17
' by Romans. 385
Superstitious o.-Meteor. 5454
Bee ASTROLOGY.
Regard for a.-Roman omena. *885
Crime proven by a. 1G68
Faith In a.-Charles II. ^^4U
See AUGURY.
Buokof a., Chinese. ♦SOfl
Building by a.-City of Rome. ♦SOft
See EMltLK.M and PUEOIGTIO.X
iti /«(•.
OIVISSION.
Crossrt'tVrcnce.
Significant o.-Blble. S77
See NEOLEGT in Inc.
ONE.
Encouragement by o.-Battle. ♦.3909
Power of o.-Clirl8tlan. ♦891(>
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Deliverance of England by o. 2187
Dependence on one man. 2340
Nation uplifted by one man. 84-,' I
8,W.
OPINION.
DlBguised-Fugltlvu-t'harles II.^S'i; r
Growth of o.-Indei)endence. ♦3'.>1 ^
Popular o.-erroneous. ♦.'I'.ii:^
" " powerful. ♦3911
" " resisted. ♦391".
Prejudice of o. In history. ♦39i(>
Pride of o.-James IL *39I7
Subsidized, Cicero's o. •391!4
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Changed by observation-Luther. 53
Changes of o.-Rebelllon. 1.'>.37
Differs, Public o.-Duels. 17.^)1
Exhlblted-Unspoken. 4817
Honestly expressed-Judge. 3039
Influenced by feeling. 51<1
Overriding public o.-James II. 1860
Perverted by self-interest. 2770
Popular o. expressed. 4812
4813
" " misjudged. um
Public o. aroused-Feared. 877'.v
" " -Cato's Indep'nd'noe of..397
" " expressed-Felt. 8795
" " expressed. 988
" " mlsled-Mary P. of O. 788
" " uneduoated-Eng. 1116
Reaction of Rom. o.-Tel'm'chus. 835
Rule of public o.-Indlans. 2430
Subsidized by pension. 2770
Tested by practice-Bp. Nelle. 01
OPINIONS.
Character in o.-Crom well. •3910
Conceited-Jeff. Davis. ^3920
Divers© o. of Cromwell. •SOai
Erratic o. of John Milton. ♦392»
Infallible o.-John Milton. ♦392a
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Conduct affected by o. 6748
0PPONENTS-O|{AT( )|{ Y.
897
0803
3IT6
a«ir
386
♦SKi
'>443
8187
3r,sr.
Olreno o. of life. 3310
DIvlUutl-Naiurally. 401 a
Llburallty lu o.-Jolm Wenloy. :i-Mr>
Helf-liiterest uffootH o. 3IU0
SuppreiMed uxpreHxIon of o. 3H0N
Hue SKNTIMKNT.
Ijtiiored-KomaiiH. 'SIOT
I'owor of H.-lndlang. *8I08
I'ubllo B. vg. I-iiws. ♦5109
"-Mary Stuurt. 'SllO
iltTolo 8.-8erg()unt Ja«por SlSl
\H. I'rlaoiplH-Napuleou. 1917
-Kdward III. 45H0
-Slavery. m-i
f'ubllo 8. vlclous-Huots. 1300
Konpeot for puhllo 8. n. -A. Burr. 860
Suppressed. Sl'ji'nif with C()rp8e.6a07
Sec .><KNTI.MKNT.S.
Irrepressible 8. -Napoleon I. ♦5111
tim CKNHUIIK, ClllTlCI.SM auU
l-OLITICH in loc.
OPPONENTS.
Kegard for o., Cromwell's. ♦3924
H™ com hat, KNKMV and
Ol'l'O.siTION i« lua.
OPPORT U N IT Y.
AwaltliiKo.-i'Tomwell. ♦3985
Lost by u'ames II. *2920
a Lost o.-Clvll War ♦2927
Overlooked-Chrlstlna. ^2928
Providential o.-La. bouKht. ^2929
Waiting for o.-" Make me come^2930
Miscellaneous cruss-rcfercnces.
.\ppreulated-Kremont In Cal. 1009
ill Architecture-London Are. 289
Improved-"Clean clilrt day." 2240
Lost through fear-Koman8. 1277
" by deliberation. 1G09
" " diversion of attention. 1089
" " discord-Scots. :jO0
" " obstinacy-James II. 3549
Needful to genius-Oratory. 8958
Utilized- Sherman's m. to the sea.70
Wisely used-l'urchase of La. 1078
OPPOSITION.
Benefits of o.-Chrlstlanlty. ♦8931
of Folly-" Street Lights." »8938
Help by o.-Persecutlon. ♦8938
Impolitic o. -Taxation. ^8934
Political o.-Presldent Tyler. ♦2935
Prepared o.-Polltlcs. ♦2930
Proof by o. -Reaction. ^2937
Useless o. of Gotha. ♦2938
M Isccllaiicous cross-references.
■Conciliation by bribery-Adams. 070
Courtod-Quakers In New Eng. 3502
Female o. to liturgy-Scots. 6133
Foolish o. to cotton goods. 512
Mutual o.-Cato-Sclplo. 1899
•Obnruotlve o. -Scots. 975
Perseverance In o. of slavery. 147
of Prejudice to highways. 4414
Provoked-Donatlsts. 8500
4>y Slander of Bunyan. 6171
" " " Wesley. 6173
■" " " Constantlne. 5174
Vice In o. l<» vice. 3U(|g)
of Wife, Vliik'nt o. 6108
«!■.■ ADVANCK.
by Ilattle-Scott In Mexico, ♦iw
Herolc-Kontenoy. »()()
Opportunity for a. «7o
or Huffer-Uuttysburg. ♦ri
.Sec AddltK.s.SlON.
Success by a.-ll. :V.-Aglnoourt.471
Hoc AdlTATIO.V.
Perils of a.-H*'forniaiiiiii. ♦Mti
Perseverance in •> -Anti slav. ^147
Clairvoyant a -Swedonborg. UI4
915
Kmbarrassment-J. A. b. (J.III. 274
Needless- London panic. 3HM.'i
Patriotism Inflamed by a. 3.')26
" aroused by a. 4071
Political a. -England. .k>42
"-opposed-WhIgs. 4918
Power of a.-Peter the Hermit. I.'l7(i
Unseasonable a.-Cato. 1899
Hen ANTAOUNIHM.
Natural a.-Protestant and C. I. 213
In Personal character-M. L. itil
-Queen E. 703
irnnatural a. -Father-Son. 10<14
Sfe ATTACK.
Inconsiderate a. -Crusaders. •;i'.)0
Unexpected a. from above. 'IVJI
lu Kear-Alarmlng.
Success by a.-Marathon.
•SceKINDIlANCE.
of Crltlclsm-A. Lincoln. 99
Official h.-Fonseca-Columbus. 3900
See OBSTRUCTIONIST in Ivc.
See UKSISTANCK.
Popular r.-Prolestants.
" "-Bostonliins.
Provoked by lenlslatlon.
Wisdom In r.-Am. piitrlots
8123
407
♦4812
♦4813
♦4814
♦4815
Assurance of r.-"Uaysof b'ttle."319
Presumptuously provoked. 4401
See CO.NTKOVKIISY, l'i;i{SF.(;i;-
TION, I'OIJTICS and WAK
//( Inc.
OPPRESSION.
DanRerous'-Doii't tre'd o. m."*3a39
Governmental o. -Speech. *3iM0
by Ignorance-ISelgn of Jas. II. *.iU41
Resisted-Tax of Henry VIII.
Royal o. -William the Conq.
Scandalous o. -Ireland.
♦3942
•3943
♦3944
Miscellaneous cross-referencos.
Amusements conceal o.-Rom. 3215
Church o. in collecting dues. 808
of Creditor-Shocking. W.W
Extravagance brings o.-Chas. 1.2011
Limit of o.-James II. 857
by Long labor-England. 3114
Reaction of o. for liberty. 3229
See INTOLERANCE,
and Immorality-Charlemagne. ♦2962
Protestant 1 to Romanists. ♦2963
Religious I.-" Tender C's." ^2964
Conscientious i.-£ngland.
I'Mexpeoted 1. of Pilgrims.
591
.He- TYRA.NNV
Cniclty of t.-Xerxen.
♦57IU
KrclcHlantlcal t. t'athollc.
♦.'.:;a
Kinbli'ui of t. Uu.stll().
•.'i73«
liiHunection agaliiHt t.-P.
♦.^737
Lti«iHlatlvet.-l,ongl'arll'm'iil.^,')7;w
of Liberty- Knuicli Revolution. ♦.'>7.'I9
" -Uev. Tribunal.
♦.'i;io
Parental t.-FredorIck Wrn. 1
.■♦.')741
Iteconipcnse for 1. -Fruiicc.
♦.'.748
Self (lostruilive t.-Uomuns.
♦.v,i;i
Hliaiiieful I. Spiiniards.
♦67 M
Turrllile t.-(Jildo.
♦6745
In Amusement Spaniards.
♦.1744
of Caste, Social t.
34UI
Itlspiaced by t.-Vlrginia.
814.1
i;<H!iiiHla«tloal t.-Kxo'mni'nlc'n. 4944
Kxanimralcd by t. -Sicilians.
1310
In Exconimunicalion.
4944
llou.seliold t. of elder brother, 83/11
'* * ti
(i;w
Legislative t.-B. Parliament.
3I.M
Non-resistance to t.
8824
Oppression of t.-IIoi)«-rrlmo
. 8234
Reaction against t.-Ru(lniis.
487
Uosented-New Kng. <N>lonle8
990
See CUrELTY, I'EKSKCUTIO.N
and SLAVERY in luv.
oPTiinisiv.
CruM^i rclVrcncu.
Disconcerted Kartluiuake.
2437
See IIOI'E 111 /.-.;.
OHi<;LE.
Corrupted -Altienlun.
♦3946
Deceptive o.-(lreclan.
♦39(0
" -Deijihlc.
♦.3947
Equivocal "-Delphic.
♦3918
MlHci'IIaneous criisa-rcferences.
Bought with money.
4707
Deception by o.-Ly»andor.
8.3H0
Di.sregardud by itomans.
3905
Valuable o. -Rarity.
5028
ORATOR.
the (ireat Deraiistlienes.
♦3949
Unsuooessfui o. -W. Irving.
♦3950
ORATORS.
Audience for o.-Wll'iam Pitt.
♦395.2
Dangerous In Parliament.
♦.3951
Despised by Samuel .lonnson.
♦3953
Disregarded in pulpit.
♦3954
Taste in o.-Saniuel Johnson.
♦8956
ORATORY.
MIscellaneiHis cross- references,
Dlfflculties in o.-Demosthenes. 8081
Illiterate-" Black Harry." 4389
Perseverance In o.-DIsraeli. 4161
Preparation for o.-D'mo8th'n's.4484
Self-abnegation In o. -Demos, 6080
See ELOQUENCE.
of Action-Samuel Johnson, ♦1864
" Facts-Story of misery. •1855
Fear of e.-Demosthenes. ♦1858
Neoessary-Romans. 'ISe?
1090 Artificial e., Burke's.
808
ORDEU-PANIC.
unit Drink Hhorldan. 30Sa
of EurnaHtneNtl'etor tbell. ITM
Employed Kuneral of Caignr. !tt.Vi
Moniiy NttmulutUN u -Athenlunn. 07a
Pariuaalon of u. i'urloloa. 4ino
OHDKR.
Importancn of i>. lialtle. 8330
Hi'v DKl'llilllM.
in Debate- A miirluan Indians. *M83
MlnlsturUI d. H. ..'olinaon. *14H4
ORDKRM.
Confllctlnn o. ( ' pt. \V 'd» w'rth. •8»5fl
NeKleoted-MurHbal Ney. *3067
Simple o.-Lord Nelson'i. *8958
Mldccllftni'oin criiKK-ipferencci.
ConfllotInK o.-UulofH 4007
DiHobodlcnco to o., Wilful. 8778
Fiutltlous bu8lnuH8 o.-Hoax. 'XXM
Ubedlenuo to o.-AlarmlnK. 8844
required, Only. SH-lfl
to o.-nilnd-Monks. 8847
Sc«o (IdMMAND in too.
ORGANIZATION.
Perfect o.- Society of Jesus. ♦8960
Mlncellaneoiia croas-referoncea.
KCfuctlvo o. -Jesuits. 8006
8016
3017
See PLAN.S In loc.
ORIGIN.
Uamble o., Jobn Biinyan's. *3959
8ce ANCESTKY luid IimTH
m Uiv.
ORIGIN A I.ITY.
Criwart'l'iTence.
In Autborsbtp-Jefferson's D. of 1.420
Beo INGENUITY in too.
ORNAinBNT.
liove of o.-Amerlcan Indians. *S901
Mlacellaneoua croas-refcrences.
"8. Charlty-Blshop Aoaclus. 545
ExtravaKance In o.-Palaoe of C. 335
Love of o., Corrupted by. 6108
Saorlflced to plety-Iloman. 0119
vs. UtlUty-S. Johnson. 334
Women's Iov« of o. -Romans. 3416
Seo BEAUTY.
Common b. of Flemings. •492
Personal b.-Mabomet. ♦493
Promoted by b.-nco. Vllllers. ♦494
Self-assertod b.-Sylla. ^495
Architectural b.-lonic order. 281
Artistic b. of Raphael's work. 346
of Benevolence-Lincoln. 614
Competition in b. for marriaKO.3485
Dangerous b.-Maiden. 4580
"-Woman's-M.'t. 3242
vs. Death-Oarbage or park. 8828
Effective b. of Poppaea. 2819
Endangered by a.-Women. 2211
" "-Virginia. 8973
Fascinating b.-Mary Stuart 6089
Female b.-Zenobla. 6055
Flattered- Aged Q. Elizabeth. 2684
Heartless b.-C'ountess of Carlisle. 109
nnlpful Mnilliitlon. SOOfl
Highly I'Mtimiitrd Kllzubetb. 4iM>
with Infamy .Nito. 196
PerilFt of I). Montfort. 18SH
Pormin VH. Churaotcr. 48;H
I'roHlltiitod to shnrae. 4588
Simplicity reqiililto to a b. 2H1
vs. Utility -Architcoturo, 5701
Si'c .tKWEIJlY.
Passion for J.-IIonry VII. ♦8028
Extravagance in J -Charles I. 2011
Treason for J. -Woman. 6098
Hi'u i'I':aki„s.
VVortbloss to the Ignorant. 9728
ORPHAN.
(Iriirtn-ri'lHrt'ijco,
.Successful o.-A. Hamilton.
18S
ORPHANS.
Mtaculluiic-dua cruaarufurcncca.
Adopted by the State-Soldier's. 88
Hardships of o. apprentices. 708
ORrilODOXV.
Mlaccllut urt iToaa rcftTfncea,
niue (>.-" niuo" and " Green." 970
Denied for oniio. 3600
8(0 C'REKOS uml DOCTRINE
fn loc.
ORTHOGRAPHY.
ExouHod-Napoleon I. ♦3969
Kee .'^PKLLINO.
Dad 8., Oeorgo Washington's. ♦M02
Diverse s. -Shakespeare. ♦5808
Error-Conquered vs. Concord. 1067
OSTENTATION.
Merltless o.-Demiiratus. ♦3963
Oriental o.-Chosroes'. ♦3964
Rebuked by Parmenio. •8965
Ruinous o.- Athomlus. ♦8966
Vain o. of Romans. •3067
Miscellaneous crosareferencea.
Deceptive o. -Feast. 3708
Eagerness of o. 3907
of Qreatness-Napoleon I. 2480
Military o. of Darius. 4a30
Oriental o.-Kmp. Angelus. 3800
Uebuked-Barber. 1007
Royal o.-Constantlne. 8003
See I'O.MPOSITY.
Expression of p.-S. Johnson. ^4280
in Titles-Romans. 6628
See DISPLAY in loc.
OSTRACISm.
by Ballot-Athenians. ♦3968
Evils of o.-AthcnIans. ^3909
Sei' CASTE in loc.
OUTCAST,
for Rellgion-Wllllam Penn. ^3970
OUTRAGE.
Horrible o. of Albion. ♦3971
Reaction of o.-Joan of Arc. ♦3972
Resented by parent. ♦3978
Hb«i exampkuatiox
Rashness by e. Ethan Alien.
'iHttr
CroBS- reference.
Shameful-Columbus.
1648
Calmness provokes e.-8ocratei. 700
by Inliiinmntty Hfpoys. 4047
Inlenditd-Mad Caniliysus 9H81
In Misfortune fcurt'il. 11107
Rashness of e.-Ilostim m'ssaore.:)6l7
Uncontrollable e. of W'shlngt'n.44W)
Hee AUI'SK uhil IN.nuiKS in he.
PAGAMsn.
Injurious by vice. ♦8974
Overthrow of p.-Alarlo. •8076
PAGANS.
Inhumanity to p. by christians. 1050
2800
(iroBB-rcriTiTirc.
Overthrow of p.-Tht'odnslus.
See HEATHEN.
Conscience unsatisfied. S688
RIghtsof b. Ignond. 8476
PAIN.
C'roBsrefiTiMicc.
Inured to p.-Chlldrcn. 18M
See HUFFKKlNd In loo.
PAINTER.
Celebrated Kng.-J. Reynolds. *8978
CroBa-refiTonce.
Invention of telcgrii[)liy by p. 8988
PAINTING.
Illustrates no Inforrimtlon. '.W?
Mlacellaneoua crosarcrerencea.
Defects In Chinese p.-l)efc)rmlty.328
Imitation In p.-Servlle, l.'Sth cent. 345
Schools of p.-Florence, etc. 844
Supremacy In p. -Raphael. 84>6
.See I'OKTUAIT.
Problblted-li. Elizabeth's p. •4329
Forbidden by Agetllaus.
PALACE.
Scandalized-.Marozia.
4440
•8086
Crosa-rcfert'rice.
Humble p. of Tartars. •8978
PANEGYRIC.
MlacellnneouH iTusa-rofercncei.
Corrected-Funeral of Julian. 8266
Impressive p.-Ca>gar's funeral. 2255
PANIC.
by Contraction of finances. ♦80T9
Flnanclal-U. S., 1873. •398U
-England. 1847. ♦8981
Needless p.-" Popish plot." ♦3982
Night of p.-Anarchy in Lend. ♦3983
Unexpected p.-England, 1825. ♦3984
Mlacellaneoua croas roferenceB.
Artificial cause of p. 2195
Citizens' p. -Paul Jones at W. 645
Civil War-Rome-Rubicon. 2117
Defeated by p.-Agincourt. 8834
" " Nap., Fhiancial p. 6287
Financial p.-Franoe. 2214
" "-Eng.-Chas. II. 2892
** "-France. 528*
PANTOMIMK-I'AUTING.
8U0
PANTorailflM.
In Jurlipi uilitiii'i.' lUiiuuMH.
Mce <t^>T^llKH.
ttio LatlKUiiKi' of illlllliuli*
Hldlviilud by Saiiuel •lolmHun.
PAPACY.
Huandaltzeil - Marozla.
■SONO
*8IWU
(friiiwrrriTPiiCP.
aKulnit Llberty-MiiKiiii (harta. S'iff!
Hid (MTIIOI.M'ISM in toe.
PA PICK.
Wealth by |).K({yt>t. •3987
PA It A DINE.
Druiikard'up. Aiuileiit(iurm'B.*8«H8
Earihly p. In DuniuHouB. 'aiWO
LuiiKOHK" "f !•■ I'THlan. •■'iu'jo
Munsiilmiin'Hp.-F'tvo. ♦II991
HoriHiial p. of Mahomet. ♦»OiW
HtrauKe p. of Muhmnut. *yuU3
MlBCPlliiiii'ixis cromtrtfiTi'iiffpi.
AdihiHslon to p. by opUepny M. I(V43
Ui'llef In p I'tiiMluns.
for the Bravu-Mohammeduns.
Urave men go to p.
1* t* II II II
Heroes' bloody p.-I'ttKans.
IiOtt<r« (tent to p.-(;uul8.
VH, 1', idltlon. Which f
a'j59
(Kfl
1410
1185
1117
A.'f>8
0141
8006
(iualiflcatlonB for p.-"(iood (or e.";U
VlHlonary p. of Crugadcrs.
ScellEAVK.NiHd.o.
PA It A DISK liOST.
MlHCi'lliiiii'iiiin cnisn rc'fi'r('in:t'H
Compared with the lllail, etc.
Preparation for p.-Year«.
PAiinON.
Decllnod'Ameri<.'au patriots.
" by the Innocent.
Ilopelesa of p. -James II.
Odious by oouHlderatlous.
I'lea for p.-Napoleon I.
I'urchase of p. of xlns.
without Keformatlon.
from Symp'ithy-A. Lincoln.
«,.• AHSOLUTIOX.
In Advance by Pope Julius II.
Costly a. of PalsBologus.
Desired In death by Charles 11
8307
4108
♦3091
♦3005
♦3000
♦.3007
♦300H
♦3099
♦4000
♦4001
♦11
♦IV.'
♦13
Penance for pope's a.
Nie ATONK.MK.NT.
Belief of AmerU'cin Indians,
of Ven(?eance-Aiii. Indians.
Sob I{K(;()N(;IL1AT10N.
by Kxplanatlon-Wiu. and Mary
Impossible-iTames II. and Pari.
Independence better than r.
One-sided r.- Viriplaca.
Superficial r.-Orleans and B.
"-Dylnif-Fred. II.
Beo FORdlVENESS in lor.
PARENT.
Dlsappolnted-John Howard.
MlsccUancouH cross-rcfercncos.
Affection of p.-O. Cromwell. 995
Anxiety of p. for children. 120
Brutality of p.-Fred. Wm. 3.389
" " '• " 574t
5158
4848
.1034
38,53
3012
53(1 1
8005
S-,'03
♦4008
Uetporatu by outrage of Ju(Iki> 307:)
Dimtppoliited in (UuKhtur J.M. IIMA
UlNobudlunce to p. JuKtllliMl. 417
DUtrttiiHed p. John Howard. Vi'i
(Iratuful for Nafnty of ohildrvn. 110
VH. Iluiband (^iii'cii Mary. U«Wt
Imimrtial p. Mr. DiiHtiii and Ind.U7
IllMtrtK tloPM of p., AbldhiK. 795
Joy In HuccenH of <'hllilrun Phil.
I'aHMloM of p. ( 'onfuNiilon. 4019
Severity of Luther's p. 4578
Sacrllimmof p.forchlld.-Cam«in.795
lyrannical p. KrtMl. Win. I. 5711
PAItENTAGE.
rrnn.i-r('fi>n'iici*.
Fraudulent iHalni of p.
.Sio I'AIKKMTV.
Inferred by conduct.
PAHI{I\TM.
I'owtT of ]>. Uoniaii.
Macrlflci! iif p.-chlncMc.
Sorrow of p.-llunry VIII.
8973
♦lO-JO
♦ |(»K|
♦1(101
♦ |(H)5
.MlDcvlluiicuua croMK ruri'mici'S.
ContraHted-AlfX.-Aridronii'UM. 8807
lIUHband's prccodiMU'i' of p. ','(185
Infanticide by p. -Poverty. 8110
Legacy of p. in i^harairtcr. 807
Ueveronce for p. -Ancients. .1800
" "-Klllal-Alcx. 4808
Severe government of p. -10th c. 8(i8
Severity of Kuuian p. 51JI
Visions of p. -E'(^ler I'oopor. 44U,
Sf.^ A.MKHTUy.
Humble a. of poet Horace ♦aUS
Ineffective a. Prince Kiipert. ^880
Unlike a.-Orleans princes. ^887
MlHCclliincouH crnHs-rcfercnccB.
Barbarous a. of Europeans. 8710
Base-Witches and demons. 1588
Character from a.-c^. Elizabeth. 703
" " '• -AnierlcauH.
Depraved-Nero's.
" a. confe.ssed.
Disreputable a.-John XII.
Dlvlnc-Spiii ious-Silenus.
Genius by a. -J. Milton.
Happiness affected by a.
Humble a.-N. K. (Jabrlnl.
" "-Diocletian.
Nobility of a. despised Nap.
Pride In honest a Napoleon.
S(!lected a. -Pilgrim Fathers.
Unfortunate -Charlt'^ I.
.See AFFECTIO.V (Kii.iai,).
Enduring f. a. of I. Newton.
of William Cowper.
" W. Scott.
" Calus Marclus.
" Sertorlus the Uoman Gen.
" Alexander.
" Prisoner.
771
1538
8000
4305
'£W,
8808
3500
5.M
505
3.508
■3508
3173
.■>088
«10R
♦110
♦111
♦118
♦113
♦114
♦115
Alexander the Great. 774
Force of a. -Son of Cni'sus. 5895
See AFFECTION (I'ahkntal).
Destitute of a.-Kulk the Black. ♦106
Impartial a.-Mr. Dustln. ♦ll?
Maternal a. outraged by Ind's. ♦IIS
Parental a. of H. W«>i<l«y. 'tin
I. SiafTord at t. ♦180
Zeal of » John Howard ♦183
•'ountry vs. Son Mpartmi. 37'J4
DIsappiiiiited par inal-llunry II.400S
Fainily vs. KeilgiouN a. 4<84
tlrlef of a. Welmtrr H b. .VU
linperlHliable a. for thr dead. .5410
.Misuiulerstood'.latneH II. 8001)
Nourished by niementix'N-Hcott 111
Paternal a. (). ( rtitiiwull. OVS
without I'lty KoriiJin. 13.55
SulidutuI Parental Spartans. 1350
Surrendered to Jusllee.
Tested Pari'iitiil Maurice.
Tortured by inurderers.
Trial of a.-Bereiivenieiit.
SicCIIII.IillKN. lAIIIKK, HE-
lll''.li| lY :iiij Ml I 111 KU IN luc.
PAIIK.
('iimHriMiT'iifo.
Trausformaiion St Jaiijes Sf]. 38S8
PAltltK'IDK.
Crime of p. " impossible." *4000
Punishment of p. ♦40')7
ami
1318
1.348
4811
i'rus.^ ri'fi-rericr
, by Boys ten years old ♦laOS
See MAIIilrlDE.
I Infamous m. by Nero. 3743
[ nil)
PAItKimiOIVY.
Costly p. of Jiiines II. ♦400S
.MisccliiiiH'ouM crnHH-ref' ri-riew
Degrading' p. of Frederick II.
Ueputation for p., False.
See MISER.
changed by prayer.
Misery of m. Iiy S. Johnson.
See ('OVETDl'SNFSS aiij ECON
DM V In tor.
PAKTIALITV.
Mi'M'ellaiiet.us ernM.-i tet'erfiiccs.
Application of law.
Evinced by James II.
to Friends, Judge's p.
of Put)llc opinioii-SackvlUe
in Puiilshmi'tit Itomans.
4.507
1704
4386
485
3146
4009
3009
3(M3
4674
Religious p. -Koyal pro.selyte-C. 8.30
Itesenti d-Speaker Polk's p.
Kuier's p for friends.
See NEI'OTIS.M.
Opposition to n. -Cromwell.
PARTIES.
Difference in Engllsli |).
Independence of English p.
Natural In polities Twi; p.
Opposite p. among Romans.
Passion of p. -Romans.
Value of English p.
18.57
3070
8893
♦4010
♦4011
♦4012
♦4013
♦4014
♦4015
Crons-refereiice.
in Politics needed for liberty. 4268
See POLITICS iu loc.
PARTING.
CroKS-refereiice.
Sad p.-Llncoln-Citizens. 4.5.58
See DEPAKTIUE in loc.
two
I'AKTIHAN-l'ATItlOTIKM.
br ContMKluii-l'iii'littiiK'dlttry. 'MIT
Kffoutlve |> -Uav. .1. Hwlft. *Mm
MIrH'i'lliti ii« cniMn f>r«nc»i,
Vt. Mixllutitr-lniriKt II. ani7
In I'ollllr* Klulil i>r wrmiK. ^iNVI
■•AUTINANII.
MUcirlliiiK'niiN trunH ri-tV'rt-iM'cN.
Appolnliiioiit of |i I'ri'it't I'olk. iTO
lllttt'iriciiN of i>. I'olltlt'N. 4^-iA
Hurtful liiMuoiidu of p. mH
Ju(lt(<"< Juffrn^H' (iiiutt. 'llOli
OvfrruluU Mt'xlciui War. '/Ttl
rntliu^ud by p. Myllu. 8N»u
l(Hl|tii of p. -Blue C)rttt>ii. 070
.Sio KKMAlUMIUKiiMil DIVISION
IN li„'
■•AltTV.
ClmilK'Hl, lloiii>ni)ily-Kttlkrn(l.*K)l8
MmoclUnsoM* crmw r>>rcreiicva.
ConfcHsed tDjudiolouHJy-AndrO.KMS
Controlled by p. 4164
S,|. I'DMTK'S In I'Hl.
PANNION.
I'lirontal p. -John hooke. *IOI0
I'lfiHldii tiorrcctodbyp.-Nap.l.'KWu
HaviiKu P't Alexunder'R. *4()4I
Htniulutud becomes real. •4()'J8
Violent p of H. Johnson. •40a8
MIhci'IIihicoub cn-itn-rcfiTCiicoK.
for Adv<!nturo-t'i)iiniio8t of Fla. 75
BtflXl
•Jim
4017
i2065
43G4
4107
2381
40H
4H00
tiao
aM5
Ashainud of p.-Jullun.
fur litHiks-Dr. Harvey.
" " -WashlnKton Irving.
Oonstant p. aKulnxt France.
ContaRlon of polltlual p.
for Urlnk-Ed({4r AUun I'oe.
" lIuntlnK-AndronluuB.
•' " -Malek-Hultan.
for Nature-Audubon.
in rolltlcs-Homuu.
" ]{e8cutment-Maxlraln.
for Sailor's llfe-W. Irving.
Victim of p.-I,ove of Shelley.
PANSIONN.
C'oncealod-Wm. I', of Oranjfe. ♦4024
Controlled by p.-Kred. Wm. ♦40a5
MlncclluiiCdiiii cross-reft'renccB.
Affected by civilization. 785
Childish p.-Blal80 Pascal. VOl
Controlled by lowest p. 060
" *' G'Jo.WashlnKton.aiOO
" " p.-Ilonry VIII. 3H52
Dlsolpllno of the p. -Persians. 1770
Indulgence of p. unrestrained. 260
Infataated by p. -for queen. 2062
" " " -Antony. 0067
Music corrects the p. 4700
Ruined by p.-Antony. 6060
Suscepttble to tender p. 3.355
Tyranny of p.-GUdo. 5745
Vicious p.-EIaeabalus. 060
See ANGER. EMOTION and LI-
CENTIOUSNESS in loc.
PATENT.
tJselesB protectioa-Cotton-gln. 2001
PATKIINITV.
Inftirred by cuikIiici
Ml'.. I'.MIKN IH ,n he.
PATIKIM< K.
AbUNitd I't'ileltiM'.
<'hrlNiUii p. of niartym.
Kndoavur of p. Win. P. of O.
of (Junluii .Max. (uleKraph.
Nobllltr In p. Alexundur.
HuoouNM by p -Hiuily.
Tried chrlHllaiiH irlalH.
♦KWJ
♦ loirr
•4ICW
•lO-.l)
♦ um
•10.11
•I0.U
*4Uild
Mlid'lliiiii'DiiM iTomi rvruriinoiM.
VB. DIniier-l'hIlovophur. 1504
VIolciry of |i. l.yeiirKUH, SUM
Ww KNIilllANCK.
(Jerman e.-Am. Uev. .Soldloni.*lHM,'l
Trained too. -Hpartanx. IHiM
Hoc CAI.M.NKS.Srtml FoiniTL'IiK
ill /'III.
,S,M. Hl'llMIHSION.
llumlllallniCH.-ltlohard II. *5W1
of 8oul-I'enltontlal a. ♦5»«3
Kxactlng h -.lanu-N II. 24H
IIumllliitInK H -Captive Emp. 8107
Prayer of ».-.Soerateii. 4567
Houl'HB. to (Jod. 53H3
He.. >l':i,I'<'l)NrH()L.
Komarkablo H.-e.-Uuke Fred. *bOHa
Abandoned-C. J. Fox. 6806
In Kielt<auent-(i. WaBhlnRton.aiOO
Power over others by s.-c. .1.505
Hlot'p Hi will Napoleon I. 6205
In BuppreBsIng IndlKiiatlon. 660!)
" " resentment. 4H04
WeaknoMB In b.-c. confessed. 5001
See ItESKiNATIONniid I'EUSE-
VKKANCE in loo.
PATRIOT.
N M'llaiifuiirt iTiiHu-rufiTt'iici's.
Nog'.ev.'.dd In age-John Adams. .36
Patriot vs. UeliUlve. 40
PATHIOTISilfl.
Abandoned by James II. ♦4ft'l4
Affecting p. of Murla Theresa. ♦4036
Aroused-Aiii. Uevolutlou. *4036
Courage of p. -Scots. ♦4037
' -English people. ♦40,38
Dead-Uomuns. ♦40.39
In Death-Younger Pitt. ^4040
" " -John Hampden. ^4041
Deeds of p.-Garlbaldl. ♦4042
Determined p.-Vlrglnla. ♦4043
DlBgusted-General Bolivar. ^4044
a Duty-Lacediumonlans. *4045
" " -Lord Nelnon. ^4048
Educated p.-Uomans. ^4047
Effect of p.-Dutoh. ♦4048
Enthusiasm of p.-B. Arnold. ♦4049
Exasperated-Mass. Colony. ♦40.50
Extinguished in France. ♦4051
Faith in p. of people. ♦4052
Finance and p.-R. Morris. ♦40.5.3
Indifferent p., Gibbon's. ^4054
Longing of p. -Pilgrims. ^4055
Memorial of p.-Bunker Hill. ♦4056
National p. - Patrick Hennr. *4067
without Pay (i. WaBhlnglnn ♦KVM
PoBilbllllle* of p. Am. toll. *i<ir,u
PreMrvatUin of p Hp Aiiiiiidii *lii«M)
Pratendi'd phldvii Kcouiidii-U.^limt
Publli) p. of Hpartanii. ♦Iixiii
PunUhed Thomaii llanifurd. ♦4iHl.'l
Itproemberfd iihenlun. *l04i4
UuBpooBo of p. (i.W'aBhlnglon.^liNiA
HaorinueB of p 'I'hoB. NeUon. ♦Imui
Ueb. In Va. ♦40ti7
Helf NaerllU'lng p. Italian. ♦KNM
Hteadfait p of Pouipuului. *4IMm
Htlmulated-(|uven Kllzabuth. ♦4070
Stirred by Stamp Act. ♦1071
Surrenderof p. N.Y M'reh'nt».*407H
lUBueinlng p. of Sertorlua. ♦40^.1
I'niiellNh p of llliniarrk. ♦407 1
(ieneral Heed. ♦Il«5
VIoloiM |i. tif Scolchmeu. ♦4076
Violent p. Stamp Act. ♦1077
of Woman-" ( apt. Molly" ♦407H
-I.yilla Darrah. ♦4070
MUcoilunt-nM!' cniKit-refereiicea.
Admired by I.afa>e< to. 2664
Appeal to p. -Maria Tln-resa (!(t75
ArouHcd-dovurnment deloNti>d.241ii
" by Stamp Act. 8f)25
Banker's u.-Uobert Morris. 86r>0
of c:apitai.otM-l(iib«rt Morris. 4872
Coercion of p Tories. WA
Commended by Wm. Pitt. 4801
Degraded by Charles II. 160
Determination of p. -Johnson. 4.3.57
Development of p. I>y I.. 2317
DIstlngulshed-Wm. Wallace. iJWlO
Duty of p.-8olon'a law. 1230
" " the citizen Plato. 801
Energy of p. -Putnam. 1894
Enervated by pleasure. 4105
" " " 4200
Enraged by corrupt niler. .3674
" -Mexicans. 4U8H
Enthusiastic p.-" King ring." 1002
" -Homana. KiOO
Example of p. -Boston-Rev. lOO'J
Kxceptloual-Earl of Angus. 6746
Excessive p.-Inhumanlty. 13.50
Exertions of p.-Bp. Gosselln. 087
Expressed by Indignation. 2705
-Benefits refused. 900
Exlingulshed-Roman p. 42.52
False p.-Ciesar'B assasftins. 1111
" "-Divorce of Josephine. 1(;09
Female p. -Am. Rev.-Boston. 6120
" " of Goths. 0128
" "-Mary Ltndley. 6115
In Flnance-Clty of L. 2130
Generosity manifests p. 2202
Heroic p. -General Bayard. 2.506
'* " -Sergeant Jasper. 2151
History perpetuates p. 3.575
Humiliating surrender of p. 1078
Ignored in vengeance. 6101
Indignant p.-Mexicans. 2401
Insensible to p.-Charles II. 2244
of Lawyers-Am. Revolution. 8169
Manifested at funeral. 23.57
Mechanics' p.-Boaton. 3538
•' "-Civil War. 3540
"-Eng. Revolutlon.3041
i'ATUIoTS-l'KOl'Li;.
MO
I'll
m
ISO
V-iS
in
ot
01
44
69
MiKiliktiloD' p.-l'hilit. IVUl
of MarolmnlN Kav. \V«r. (Ml
Moralltjr noadful for p. inirr
MomU preiorre p. XiW
Miitlvti til p. In hnmn lore. IM
Niiltllltjr of p.-CftpUIn Halo. 1 14)
Orcrlookiiil In niinroilNiiiticu. .'In^I
I'olltliwl p. of (). ( rotii wfll. M
I'lipuliir p. eipreHotl. iioin
I'opiiliirlty Mcrlflitml lo p. 4.'llll
I'roinpt p. "Mliiuto men." i-t'i'h
Hiilltflon liiMiiIrm p. 47'J7
HitpronoliKil " Tliou art not H." .'1)10
Kenotitmeiit of p. 'IM)-.'
" " ClmUiam. IMOl
Id^witnl of p. WiiHh.'ii Jiitirnay. 'HM)
KtiWHrtltiil hy a <'rown. Vi'M
Hiicrini.'e to p. by .loNe|)lilni). 1N()U
HaurlQced for profit (HpltallHtii. VOU
" to Ji)aUui»y-8ootii. *Ml
" " reN*-iitnifiit. 800
Hnorlfluen of p.-IIollanil. <IM)II
Hallom' p., Anxtrlran. It'ilO
of Hallora KnKllHh. noou
8«lf-al)M«<KHtlon of p. noHl
Helf-denlal of p. Am. Kov. iHiii
Hlundereil «.'on(iplrary-I)utiby. i |,i7
Hiipremaity of p.-l)ollviir. W).'l
Hurrendered to lilxotry. .S.MU
Talntt'd- Lord Uii^siil. (ir.l
Terrified by p. Ilfiiry III. 4S!)7
TuBtetl-Harouel Adiimi. OTH
Tralnlnir in p.-iSpartun!«. 1H17
W'ir aroufie« p., EDKllsb. 5tHH-j
5n War England. 50tf3
" " -Am. Kevoltitlon. BOi.M
of Woman- ri\iiMiinl»H. .'(7*1
" " -lIoiiHton'ii mother. .'i7-.J5
Woman's p.-MotliiT of I'. .'i7v!l
" Women-Am. (,'olonles. mtM
of Younn men-P. Henry In Vu. 01H.3
-Uobelllon. lil»J
P.iTHIOTS.
Masnacro of p. liogton. 3ni7
SCO COUNTKY mid LOYALTY
111 loo.
PATRON.
Mlacelliiiu'oiiB cronH-rffiTi'iiccB.
Abandoned Himmefully. l-iHS
Dependence <5ii p. 1004
Helpful to youni; Luther. IHlt
Noble p.-Isiibella-t'olumbus. 418!4
PATRONAOi:.
Age of p.-Aii|flo-.SttXon.
Division of p.-.Tiimes II.
Govcriimentul p.-Ani. Col's.
HI timed p. of CheBterfleld.
Immense p. -IT. S. Centennial.
Partiality In p. -James II.
Cross rcriTt'iice.
Proselytes by political p.
Sie KAVOUS.
Independent of f.-l)lo(?ene8,
KoJ>'(ited-Tyrants-Sylla.
Solicited, To be-Alf xander.
Transient effect of f.-Anne.
•4080
♦lilHl
•40H'J
♦40H3
*4084
*4085
3.3R8
341. -I
38dO
47!)(i
1030
DI^Kraceful p. Monlextitnu. *4"¥H
Kvldencia of p. Kiitcland. ' .iW)
Knar of p , I'ompity'i. •liHH)
.loy* of p War of IHI4. *«HU
M)i»D>>nKeraof p. Am. lndlaMii.*4iHi-.t
Pitrpetiiiil p. by l-'rciii'h treaty.* liK).'l
I'lHiUnNor p., Will. I'uiin'v. *4()(l|
VK. I'rldo-Tln'hiiii". *mirt
I'rliiolpleii of p , ('lirhllan'ii. *liKNl
I'rovokliiK p. of I'trt'cht. *MW
HIkiiiiI for p.-reaev-plp«. *|(H)N
Truce for |). " Truco o( Hod.'' •4<n)U
I'liuaual p. nouyeura. *4I<m)
MI«c«lhiMi><)Uii rruM ri'frniii'i'K.
hy Arbltriitlon r.S. uiiil Kuk. IWi.l
CoiKiueats of p., CroinweU'ii. leiHii
" " " -I'uridiaiieof I, lii^i)
Devotion lo p.-Tlieodorlc. 'HH
KiidanKered by neideot. 4',",'H
h'aUu mediation fur p. I'rnn. .'IMH
" nitMHciiKer of p. ^IiiIIiim II. Ii.'ll
ImpoHslblii with I'hillp II. of Hpl)ii'.j
Liberty the prica of p. iMiiH
Mediation for p. declined by K. 'JTM
National p. greatly dealred. H7
Ualh aKalnxt p., Komans. :wi
Option of p. by Xerxea. !Wai
Patriotism survives p. 40<iu
I'romotes proNpt rity. 1H).'|
Hfllffloui p., HeekliiK Woiley. ll'AJ
hy TemporlzlnR-Jamea II. M.Mh
Treaty of p -Abimrd'Ohent. r>'.HU
Triumphs of p. -Fine ArtH-(lreec('..'l!l!)
Unpatriotic p.-capltallsts of H. 7i)l)
Wise p. -Opposition vain. .')9;iH
Hoc AI'o.NKMKNT.
liellnf of Am. IiuIIiiiih. .'iI.'jH
of VenKoaniie-Am. Inillans 4n4.t
Hit UKCONCII.IATIUN.
by Kxplanatlon-Wmand Mary.lU*%M
Imposslbln-.lames II. and ParLSK^l
Independence bettor than r. .ilili'
One-sided r.- I'lHpluca. 5,'101
Superficial r.-Orleans and B. 'HWr,
" "-Dylntt Krcd. II. SJOa
.Sec rONTKNTM K\T in loc.
PE.ICE-ITIAKKH.
('roHH-rcfiTfiict.'.
Successful p.-m.-W. and Mary. ROUH
Hev AKIIITUATION.
Itejected by Kiik. -Napoleon. *tf70
PKACK.
Choice of p.-Koman Kmperor.'*40H8
Commonwealth of p., Penn'a. *4067
Confidence In Ilarbarlans. 8017
Peace by U. .S. vs. KiiKland. WM
Scttloment by-Alabama clalms.4K-.>.')
PKARLS.
CroHs-nfiTerico.
Worthless to the Ignorant.
PECULATION.
Cross-n-fcrcnt't'.
Official p.-Small pay.
PECVIilARITIES.
('riin.t-rc'feri'iK'c'.
Religious p. -Puritans.
See SINGULARITY.
Motive for s.-DloKcnes.
2783
ceo
173-J
*rAfJii
by Contrast In luxurious times. *)7
Sensation by s. a098
PEUKNTHIAIMH.
I 'i..-.« ri r<'riMii->'.
MllUury p. Spariitn Hnliliera.
H».rril,\MI'.s.
I'hiloMiphlti I t'ynU'a.
M.'.' WAI.KINd.
Itotiefltof w -Ali'xaiiilrr.
.Mlsatep retrluviid by tact.
PKINAI.TV.
KxceaRlru p Diiilli
I'artlHBii p. Devonshire.
001
•M77
•WTO
&'l
•IIOI
•4IOi|
MlMci'tlaiii'uiiii iToM ri'tfrtncf.
Death p for all Kremh Hev. ,^;:)l^
Kxcesi-lvi) p. Drbl Kiiglaml. 4.'I.M
s... cu.Nj'lscxrin.N.
Avaricious ('. Kiiip. .Maxlinln. *|(vtii
UcllglouN i>.-A.d'Alhu<iileri|ue.*IU.''>(>
of Property of I'liwiirdaKom. KI.'V
So,. l.'l.NK.
Nullified by Kllot. *'U!l»
Limited Miiifiia Charta.
Sitlf Imposnd r. Kinp. .lullan.
Sf.. KLOIKllNil.
Comfort under f. ('hrlxtlan.
Kxcoailve f.-Tltuit Dates.
IWII
••Jl.'\9
♦•Jlt«>
Hrutallty In f., .Iiffreys'. nm-i
Common Srr VII 111 H cli. -Wives. i.'MtiO
Triple f.-lteal and false. 'J^:,l
Si'e I'KI.MK. K.XK(1I;TI().\ and
I'KISON ill l;f.
penan<;e.
Failure of p. expiirlmeiit. ♦4IO:t
Koyiil p.-Henry II. *iU>4
rntHft-rcftTcnoc.
a Substitute for iilciy-.fas. II,
Cash basis for p. -Indulgence.
I'jitltnaled In lashes.
Klgorous p. -Monkery.
Substitute In Nuffcrlng p.
Transient p. -.lames II.
Voluntary p.-.rohnson.
PENITEIVCE.
Uoyal p.-Tln'oil<ism».
<H0O
•JHOO
80H1
880O
1I.'M
um
♦4105
Mlsrcllaneniis cronnrfffreiici'ii.
Kxlilblted-Uoyal-IIcnry II. ytUiO
Kxprctfscd .Martin Lulher. 117*
lIypo(Tltlcal p -Sunderland. UHii
True p.-F. (iarretsoii. 5388
Ste KEI'KNTANOK in toe:
PENITIIlVr.
Mlftcelliiin'oiis i'rii..«rcfrrence8.
Rejected-Palii'ologus. 19
Superstitious p.-Fulk the Blaok.lOO
PENSION.
Crosi-rt'fereiico.
Prlbery by p.-Samuel Adams. 67ft
PEOPLE.
Spirited p. of New Kngland. '►4106
" Unreasonable " p.-N. IIamp.*4107
Mlacellaiic'oua orosi'-references.
Appeal to the p.-Cltizea Genet.a423
902
PEUFEC . ON— PERSUASION.
Common p. dlatriisted-Blble. 579
" ,')«)
PIsfranchtsed by Puritans. 5U1
iJiMtrust of the p. -Gov. of N. Y.5118
Faith In tbo p. -Am. Revolutlon.'iorja
' ' Kli/.abetli. .J070
Indlffer nco toward p.-Oov't. ItWl
Misrepresented- 'Not one tenth. "10
Narrow p. -Bristol. 30O«
."^t'o M.VSSKS in liw.
Seo HUMANITY, .MAN ami RACK
in toe.
PERFECTION.
by Development- J. Milion. ♦tl08
Ul
CroR.s-reference.
Dltacult-SchooN '.f painllr.rf.
PERFIDY.
Beiented-Consiuble Bourbon. ♦4109
Cross-ri'feronco.
Rewarded by tfovcnirnent. 3073
Sue TKEACIIKKY In loc.
PERFiriTIE.
('rns.s-ri't'i'ri'iax'd.
DoHuht In p. -.Mahomet. 4210
Substituted for food. 577C
PERIIi.
Familiar p. forRolteu. *4110
Pleasure in p.-\Vm. P. of O. *4in
VIsc( ll:inooMs cross-references,
Alarmiiif; t -Spanish Armada. 3801
Escape f-.ora p. by boldness. .Wl"
Fearless of p.-Wm. P. of O. 3(')3;i
Fictitious p.-Poplsh plot. 4S13
Pleasure in p., Boyls''.. 2123
Unconscious i),-v'aptain Cook. l.MO
L Jlty by conimoh p. 5750
PERILS.
Miscollaiu'nus cr .•^.s-rufcrencea.
Personal p. of ('apt. J. Smith. SO
in Primitive life-G. Washington. 70
Unexpected p.-Hombardm't-S. 402
St>' ADVKNTUIJK.
Courageous-Lieur. Cushlng
DhriuK a.-Napolo'in I.
Passion for a. -Conquest. *75
Primitive a., Geo. Washington's. *70
Spirit of a.-Wm. Parry. *77
*7.}
•74
Love of a. -Young Lincoln. 3273
Youthful-llomaiitlc-Cortez. 3353
S<oe AI)VENTUKEK.S.
Dlsappointed-Theodorlc and O. *79
Numerous with Capt. J. Smith. *80
Remarkable-De Soto's ex.
Successful a. -three Men.
.See AI)VENTURE.SS.
Remarkable-Pope Juan.
Successful-Lady Reves.
Bec^ ALARM.
Needless-Pertinax made Eirp.
Religious a. of Luther.
I'JfiO
1076
6039
1171
*165
•166
of Consclence-BenJ. Abbott, 1109
Messenger of a. -Paul Revere. 5881
Nations In a. of Napoleon. 4199
Quieted by Scripture. 1087
Religion promoted by a,-Luther5861
Supcirstltious a.-Kuropeans. 543'J
Unexpected a. -Rome- Geese. 1961
by Vlslori-ltrutu,-". 5HIU
See l)A.\(!Kll :iipl IlEIiO i'(i luc.
PERJURY.
i'unUhmuiit of p. tludiclul.
♦4118
Mhoellaiii'ims cni.«s rflVreiice.s.
Death for p.-Egyptlan.s. 3100
Eminence In p. -Titus Oates. 4213
Flogging for p -Titus Oates. 2100
Justified liy nrccsslty-Jesultg. 2044
Punished wiih death. 5219
Shanioful p. of " Dick " Talbot.0032
Suspicion of p., Popular. 1938
PERSECUTION.
Arifu p. of Catholics.
Artful p. by Julian.
Bloody p. in Leland.
of Catholics In Md.
" Ireland.
Scotland.
Catholic p. of Huguenots.
Compared-Mass. vs. Neth'l'ds.
of Covenanters-Meetings.
Cruel p. of Jews, year 1 189
Exterminating p. of Albig'nses.
by Goths-Christians,
of Uerotlcs-English.
Irapolltlc-IIugucnots.
Ineffective p. of Wycliffe.
of Jews in France,
by the PersccuttHl-(iuakers.
Powerless-Knglish Martyrs,
by I'rotestants-Entciish.
of Protestants-Ireland.
" " -France.
" -Vaudois.
by Puritans in Mass.
Reaction of Mary's p.
" " p.-.Ioanof Arc.
" " "-Puritans.
Sectarian p. in Scotland.
Selfishness In p. -Nero.
Severe p.-Claverhouse in S.
Shameful p.-Scotland.
Superstition In p.-Pagans.
Terrible p.-Hugueuots,
" -Vaudois.
♦4113
♦4114
♦4115
♦4110
♦4117
♦4118
♦41111
♦4120
♦4121
♦4122
♦4123
♦4124
♦4125
♦4120
♦4127
♦412H
♦4129
♦4130
♦1131
♦4132
♦4133
♦4134
♦4135
♦4136
♦4137
♦4138
♦4139
♦4110
♦4141
♦4142
♦4143
•4144
♦4145
Misccll.ineous crosa-reforences.
Apostasy during p. -Christian. 21)3
from Bigotry-Pope Pius V. 588
Boy's p.-Terror of Cowper. 797
Catholic p. of Huguenots In Fla. 855
of Christians by Diocletian. 843
Cruelty to Protestants-Ireland. 1330
Defeated- I'arly Christians. 574
Encouraged by court-Ireland. 702
Failure of p. -Guises. 4617
Firmness in p.-Jc'^.n Bunyan. 318
for Hire-Dutch Protestants. 3675
Inhuman p. of Covenanters. 656
Loss to the persecutor. 2555
Opposition by p.-Methodists. B020
by the Persecuted-New Eng. 1166
Pretext for p.-Queen Mary. 6073
for Profit-English Jews. 4178
Prosperity amid p.-Thos. Lee. 1571
Purifies the Church. 4894
463C
" " " -Macaulay. 874
Relief from p. by conversion. 1179
Reslsted-Scotch Presbyterians. l.WH
Sliameful Joy in p. -Pope. 4,541
" p. -Covenanters- A. 050
Suffering from p. -Martyr Taylor.07»
,Suu IN'CJliI.SITION.
.Abominable In Spain. ♦2877
Romish 1. In France. ♦2878
Ignorance directing 1.
Truth outraged by i.
.Sec .MAHTYRH in toe.
PERSEVERANCE.
Admirable p. of Columbus.
Continued p. -A. Lincoln.
Earnest p. Li battle,
vs. Force-Irresistible.
Obstinate p. -Crusaders,
in Oratory-Disraeli.
Rewarded -John Fitch.
Scotch p. -Samuel Johnson.
Success by p.-C. Goodyear.
2721
5727
•4146
•4117
♦4148
•4119
♦4150
♦4151
♦4163
♦4163
♦4154
Miscellaneous crosareferences.
in Adverslty-G. Wasliington. 1788
" Discouragement-Mahomet. 3845
" Don't give up tlie slilp." 2.570
of Mahomet-three Years, 1184
Religious p. -Pillar Saints. 5014
Success by p.- Demosthenes. 5403
See OliSTINACY.
Depraved o.-App. of H. VIII. ♦.3853
Extraordinary o. of James II. .♦38,53
Immovable o. of James 11. ♦3f54
Political o. of James 11 ♦asss
Argument decl'.iod by o. 3049
Assumed o Dead bodies. 35,58
against Coun-el-Charles XII, ]2;W
Creditable o. of Samuel Adams. 076
Defect of o.-John Milton. 2il23
Foolish o.-IIasty words. 2748
Plea of o.-Wllllam Penn-J. II. .3548
Refuge In o.-Amb. of Wm. III. 750
Religious o. against p'rs'cut'rs. 1.558
Subdued by magnanimity. Hu^
See FORTITt'DK in loc.
PERSISTENCE.
Undeviatlng p. -Columbus, ♦4155
Cross-ri'foreiice.
in Animosity-Cato.
PERSON.
Charm of p.-Chas. Edward.
Magnetized by p.-Napoleon I,
Manly p, -Caesar.
Service by p. not by proxy.
Unoouth p. -Samuel Johnson.
1899
2833
28.33
3400
101
3263
PERSONALITY.
Mlacellaiu'iiiia cross-rel'ereiiccB.
in Debate-Samuel Johnson. 1467
Women denied p.-Rnmans. 3499
PERSUASION.
Eloiuence in p. -Pericles.
•415«
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Divinity In p.-Themistocles. 2387
PERT NESS— PIETY
♦2877
♦asrs
27:^1
5737
*4146
*4M7
*4148
*4119
*4ir)0
*4]51
♦4153
♦4153
♦4154
1788
3845
8570
1184
5019
5403
3040
2558
[. 1839
ims. ()7(i
2i)83
2748
II. 3548
II. 750
'rs. 1558
au'9
♦4155
1809
28;«
I. 8833
3400
101
, 3203
1467
3499
2387
Kffectlve-Joan of Arc. 1557
See ENTKKATY and PETITION
i'« lov.
PKRTNESS.
rroasri'lVri'iico.
Offensive p, of woman. 3485
See IMI'l'DEN'CK in loc.
PERVERSITY.
MinicllaiiQijuH crd.isrcfi'renccs.
Natural p.-Chas. the Bad. 1669
Youthful p.-Wordsworth. 1668
.Si'C UiiSTINAUY.
JJepraved o.-App. of H. VIII. ♦3&52
Kxtraordtnary o. of James II. ♦38.53
Immovable o. of .lum«s II. ^3854
Political o. of James II. ♦3a'>5
Argument declined by o. 3049
Assumed o.-Dead bodies. 2558
against Counsel-Charles XII. 1839
Creditable o. of Samuel Adams. 676
Defect of o.-Mllton. 2983
Foolish o.-IIasty words. 2;'48
Plea of o.-Wiiliam Penn-J. II. 3(>48
Kefuge in o.-Amb. of Wm. III. 750
Keiiglous o. ujfainst p'rs'cufrs 1558
.•Subdued by magnanimity. 2199
See UEPItAVITY in loc.
PES!«IITIISTS.
Miacelhineou.s cnraa-references.
Error of p. evils are old. 120
National Enslish p.-Uanl£ruptcy.451
PESTILEIVCE.
Devastating p.-Euglaud. ^4157
Rapid p.-Rome. •4158
Mlscelliineoiis (.•ross-rcl'erences.
Benevolence during p.-C.
Desolating p. -London.
Destructive p.-N. E. Pilgrims,
Infection of p.-Plague.
Prevented p.-Sanitary laws.
.See PLAGUE.
Desolating p.-Widespread.
Destructive p.-Romans.
3018
1540
957
8821
3550
♦4190
♦4191
PETITION.
Denied-Anti-slavery. ♦4169
Immense p.-r),706,000slgn't'res.^4i60
Right of p.-Abolltionists. ♦4161
Tender p for life. *4io8
Miacelluiieous cross-refcreneca.
Defence of right of p.-Adunis. 8046
Earnest p.-Pardon by Nap. 3998
Mlsdlrected-Mother of Darius. 8880
Rejected p. of college fellows. 2890
Useless to obdurate James II. 8536
PETITIONERS.
Miscellaneous crosa-references.
Determined-Successful. 1613
Female p. -Puritans. 018-1
Terrorizing-Gordon's mob to P. 40
Welcome p,-A. Lincoln. 3588
PETITIONS.
Croaa-rcference.
Flood of p.-Parliament. 3523
See ENTREATY in toe.
PETS.
Mlscellaiji'oua iToasrefcrcncos.
Singular-Scott's pig and hen. 2.32
Women's dogs condemned by C.2.'lo
PHANTOIW.
Mi.-cell;iMcims (Tum- references.
Alarmed by p.-Tlieodoric. l]]r,
Pursued by p.-Murd."irer. 1108
See OllOST in loc.
PHIIiANTHROPV.
Example of p.-j. Howard. *4i«3
Experimental p. J. Howard. ♦41tU
Practical p.-John Howard. ♦4165
.Mlacellaneous eruawreferences.
Devotion to p. -Georgia. .1508
Gift of p.-Smlthsoniun. 1813
See BENEVOLENCE and LOVE
in lilt:
PHILOSOPHER.
-Miaeelluiiedua eruaa-referencea.
Assumptions of p.-Aristotlo. 2080
Demoralized by pride. 4370
Pioneer p. -Newton. 8895
Simplicity of p.-Dlogenes. imi
Wealcness of p. -Johnson. 1593
PHILOSOPHERS.
Ml.seellaneous cruaa-ret'erencea.
Credulity of seven p. 1381
Doubts of p. -Academics. 1713
Ridiculed-" Savans and asses. "6019
PHIIiOSOPHY.
Advantage of p. -Fortitude. *4166
Speculative p. -Impracticable. ♦4167
Miscellaneous croas-refe-encea.
vs. Christianity-Epicurean. 4805
Dark p.-Obscure-IIeraclltus. 356.^
Demoralizing manners-Rom. 4191
Kuthusiasm for p.-Archimcdcs.l9u."
E.xperimental p. vs. Authority. 377.")
Fascination of p.-Amurath II. 3869
I-'emale devotion to p.-IIypatia. 607H
Impracticable p. rejected. 0018
Mental p. -Contempt for-Nap. .3.')96
Optimistic p. rebulted. 24.57
Superficial p. -Sophists. 57S)
Unappreciated-Cato. 1011
See .KSTIIETICISM.
Brutality of R. in e.xhibitions. *Wi
Realistic a3. " " " " *i03
Contempt of a>. -Greeks c. by R. 776
See STOICISM.
Admired-Southey. ♦5341
Seemijg s. of Wm. P. of O. 181
PHYSICIAN.
Empirical p.. Successful. ♦4168
Mythological p.-/Esculapius. +4169
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Bombastic p.-Meneorates. 618
Intimidated by danger. 1048
Invention by p.-F.„ Iron. 2985
Neglected by Gibbon. 3260
Practice lost by religion. 1036
Quack p.-Charles II. 4688
Sacrifices of p.-Benev(>lonoe. 540
Studious p. -Dr. Harvey.
Vanity nibuked .Menecrates.
903
688
6779
PIIVSICIANS.
ComniliiglliiK Death of ('. ,'I. ♦■1170
Disagreement of p. Clmrle-s 1I,*417I
Miscellaneoua crosa-references.
Predictions of p. Failure. aiO'.l
Quackery punished-Cato's. 4.JH?
Rivalry of p.-Systems. 6385
See STKOEO.NS.
Barbers the s.-16th century. 4,MI
Insen.iihility to sufferings. 193
SeeSI'ltOKKY.
Brave s.-Duke Leopold. ♦,'>(6^|
Skill In s.-I)r. V. Mott, ^5465
Proof by
»'■>«. "IQIJE.
' s.sador.
♦4172
Ml- .I'll' K ' .-osa-referencca.
Feebleness.' <• 'iveroomo. 8.599
Perfect p.-Ainerloiui Indians. 811
S,v .VT.'II.ETK.
Remarkable a.-Tliraelan. ♦;J88
Royal a.-nfiry JI. *38!)
Moral weakness of Miio. 59«o
Strong a. -Father of .lefferson. 5;i5H
" -George Washington. 535J
See lillDV /,i luc.
PIETY.
Claims of p. -Crusaders.
Manly p.-Gustavus XII.
Ostentatious p.-Saladin.
Practical p. -Persians.
Private p. -Croni well's,
for i'rotit-Perseeution.
in Public life William Cecil.
l>y Reactions. .lohnson.
Iteward of p -Mohammedan.
Siierllices of p.-Isabella.
Sincere p. -Cromwell.
Supremacy of p.-N'turalaffec,
♦4178
♦4174
♦4175
♦4170
♦1177
♦4178
♦4179
♦4180
♦4181
♦4183
♦■I 1 83
♦4184
Misci iluneoua criisg-referencca.
Chamiiion of p.-Cromwell. 3921
Claltus of p. mLstakeu. 4173
t'oinmended by parent. 5070
Compllmented-Miracle. 5704
Conspicuous p.-Pillar Saints. 5013
Constant p. of Oswald. 515
Diplomatic p.-N. aM'h'mm'd'n.2693
Evinced by conduct-Pagan, 3608
Humane Influences of p. 1317
Libertines-Louis XIV. 4144
Military p. -Cromwell's soldiers. 43a5
" " of EnglL-h Puritans. 4390
Mlstak n p. -Pilgrimages. ,5981
by Natural powers. 1202
OlTensivo p.-Expuision. 1603
Public p. enforced-New. Eng. 6163
Qualification for office. 8696
Reward of p. -Cardinal Wolsey.4644
Rldiculed-Puritanic p. 4890
Slandered-John Wesley, 517,1
" -Richard Baxter, 517.S
of Soldiers' p.-Cromwell's. ,5250
5251
" " "-Puritans 4.390
904
PILOUIMAOK— PLKASURES.
of Holdlors' p.-I'urltans. 4878
StrfltiKti p. -Crusaders. Bio;)
no Truco for p. -Mahomet. 4;wi
Unl(ni«lyt'xpre.ssod by Jolmson.(!l(>!l
Unsatisfying P- 1" ol)s'rvanotH-L.l()li
in War Joan of Arc, 592.')
t)f Woman-I'ulcherla. 6KK
" Womdn-Koniun. 6111)
\V(irlts of p.-l'nli;herla. WCtt
.Hw CIIIll.STIAMTY and RELIOIUN
in toe.
PIE.<<iHliTIA(JH;.
CrHrts-rc'IVrL'iice.
M(imorial8-01(l slioes. 3560
See CKUSADKKS.
Numerous (;.-Six millions. *1375
OrlKln of C.-I>eter the Hermit. ♦13TC
Sinners for C.-I''irst Crusade. •5103
Sec CKIJSADES.
Craze of C. -Sac ri Hoes. 3-111
Credulity of C. 6860
Los.s of lifo-Two minion. 3258
PILfJRIinS.
('rosi'-rel'i'rt'ncc.
Blfjotry of p. -New England. 591
PIR^IiCY.
Ancient EnKlish p. ♦4185
('rnsrt-refereiice.
National p.-Ent;. and France. 980
PIRATES.
Connivance with p. -Gov't. ♦41H8
Period of p -Uomans. ♦4187
MlsceUuiieoua cross-references.
Conniving with p.-Uomans. 1298
" " -English. 2434
Contempt of p. -Roman. 1144
Government indifferent to p.-E.2440
Impunity of p.-Bribery. 1210
Tribute to p.-Aigerlne. 5711
See HUCCANKEH.
Excusod-ir!ir Francis Drake. 902
PITY.
Mlscell:iiu'n\is cross-references.
False p.. Oppressor's. 8692
Instiisible to p.-Tlmour. 1337
Manifested-Abdallah. 3289
Moments of p. -Cruel caliph. 2773
Pleasure marred by p. 5320
Punishment forp.-Dr. Batement.540
Uesiralned by fear-Heretics. 2hh^
Reversed for Injurer. 4188
after Self-protection. 1161
I iiiiatural to man-Johnson. i;j53
Victim of his own p. -Goldsmith. 513
Wlthheld-Suflferlng-Tyrant. 13.57
by Romans. 1355
Woman's p. for foundling. 781
See COMPASSION in loc.
PLAGi-VRISin.
a Felony-HaywMrd. ^4189
riiAOIIK.
Desolating p. -Wide-spread. '■4190
Destructive p. -Romans. ^4191
See PKSTILENCE.
Devastat'ng p. -England. *4167
Rapid p. -Rome.
•4168
Uenevolence during p.-C. 3018
Desolating p.-L<'ndon. I.'VIO
Destructive p.-N. E. Pilgrims. 9.57
Infection of p.-Plague. 2821
Prevented p.-Saiilliiry laws. 3560
PliAN.
Life without a p, Milton. 2107
" with a grand p. -Milton. 194
PLANS.
Mlscfllrtiifipus cTDSH-ri-fercnces.
of AmbltliiH-Robert (iulscard. 200
Interference with p., Meddler's. 3546
Largcueasof p., Constuntlne's. 2492
See METHOD.
Life regulated by m. -Wesley. ♦3597
See SCHEME,
of Assassination- Wholesale. 1140
Assassination, Rosamond's s. of. (17
" -Catherine de M. 60(10
of Benevolence-Colony of Ga. 4299
" " -Woman's s. 4192
Visionary s. -Railways. 4610
See STUATAOEM.
of Loyalty- Woman. 1,348
Oath by s.-Harold II. 3840
in Retreat-Washington. 4842
of Vengeance- Sliip wreck. 1347
Virtue overcome by s.-Rape. 8870
See STRATEGY.
Despised-Persians. ♦6352
Needful s.-Columbus. ♦5358
vs. Numbers-H. Cortez. 3830
See SYSTEM.
Living by s.-Alfred the Great. ^5500
In Benevolence-John Wesley. 549
-Old England. 4295
-John Howard. 3650
See OKOANIZATION and PLOT
hi loc,
PliEA.
Crosa-reference.
for Mercy-Burgesses at Calais. 4039
See ENTREATY in loc.
PliEASURB.
in Benevolence-Howard's. ^4192
before Business-Henry VIII. ♦4193
Demoralizing p. -Romans. ^4194
Devotion to p.-Tarentlnes. ^4195
-Alexander. *4196
Bixtravagance in p.-Malek. +4197
Harmless p. -Johnson. +4198
Interruption of p. -Talleyrand. ♦4199
Passion for p.-Athenians. ^4200
Perilous p. -Frederick V. ♦4201
Pursuit of p.-Eplrurus. ^4208
In SInnlng-S. Johnson. ♦4203
Vitiated by p.-Andronlcus. ^4204
Watering-place p. -England. ♦4205
Wearisome to Charles II. ♦4806
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Abstinence from p. -Religious. 6077
Agricultural p.-"N'ar'r He'aven."156
Attractions of p. -Nature-Art. 341
In Battle-Nelson. 5915
' Blood-'hedding -Romans. 1341
In (.'Hmbats-Romans. 974
" Cruelty- Flamlidus. 1,^55
" " -Youth-Spartans. 1.366
" united with p. 1701
" -Criminals. 2860
Devoted to p., Communists. 8336
Duty vs. Pleasure-Senators. 5;i2tt
Expensive p.-Goldsmith. 2273
In Food f. re.)ected- Pascal. 4681
" " " -Dyspeptlos. 6484
not Happlness-S. Johnson. 14
Harmful devotion to p.-Greoks 910
Life devoted to p.-Charles II. 321*5
" for p. -Epicurus. 3271
In Literature-Charles Fox. 3;llii
Masquerade-Deadly p. In. 3512
In Misery of others-Jeffreys. 2808
Misjudged p. In wealth. 5970
in Music prohlblted-Purltans. 374!)
Object In life. 50-18
Opposed per «e, by Puritans. 228
Oppressive p. of Wm. the C. 3943
Pain follows vicious pleasure. 226K
Paradisaic p.-Mohammedan. 3995J
Perilous p. pursued. 4110'
" " Taste for-Wm. of 0.4111
Postponed-" What then f" 1071
Rejected by austere monks. 4(tt
" B'aise Pascal. 4681
In Rural llfe-Poei, Horace. 1.53
" " " -E. Burke. 3798
Rural p.-Cyrus. 66.30
' " -Domestic-Scott. 8592
" " -Horticulture. 2637
" " -Napoleon I.-Exlle. 2638
Sm In p.-Early Christians. 8.370
Theatrical p. preferred. 341
Transient p., Sacrifices for. 8260
Unlawful p., Shame after. 2604
Unmarred by disappointment. 3438.
In Vice-Epicureans. 5801
Vicious p.-Reactlon of virtue. 3246
In War-Franks. 591fr
■' " -Alanl. .5917.
Watering-places-England. 695-t
5955
In Wlne-(i iuls. OOIO'
PLEASURES.
Condemned l)y Puritans. ^4807
Expensive p. -Metropolitan R. ^4808
Miscellaneous cross-references,
of Sense-Mohammedan. ♦4209
" " " ^4210
Wasteful p.-Shelley's.
♦4211
878
Cross-reference.
of Sin bring shameful misery.
See DISSIPATION.
Philosopher's d.-S. Johnson. ♦1683
Youthful d. -Edgar Allan Poe. ♦1684
Clerical d.-Old England. 925
" " -Eighteenth century. 941
Despondency removed by d. 54.1S>
Reaction of d.-Cartwright. 1083
Shortens life-" Artemu8Ward."3283
See ENTERTAINMENT.
Genius for e.-.^mlllus. ♦1902
Rewarded with contempt. 1833
PLEDGE— POLITICIANS.
905
See MUSIC.
Art In m.-.Tohnson.
Condemned by Spartans.
Imaginary ra.-Dunstan.
Love of m.-I6th century.
Necessity- Vandals.
Opposed to m. -Puritans.
Political power of m.
Power of m.-Mary Stuart.
In Strife for Charles .XII.
Taste for m. by Itallaus.
Unappreciated by Uen. Urant
Undlgnlfled-Alclbiades.
Charms of in. -Savages.
Church m., Critic of.
Devotion to m.-T. Jefferson.
Dlfliciilty In m. met.
Fondness for ni., Cromwell's.
Ignorance of m. compensated.
Impressive m. of churcli bells. -. ..
Inspiration In m.-Wesley-Mobs. vm
4709
•nm
7(il
1908
33.50
♦374-1
♦3745
*374U
♦3747
♦3748
♦.3749
♦37S0
♦3751
♦S-.'ia
♦37M
♦3754
♦37.'->5
3810
1.30 1
5371
2979
3178
.34
500
POET.
Uespected-Plndar. ♦4:il5
Terrorizing p.-Uobert Burns. ♦l::jio
3.'l(l.-)
*W0
a«)7
3308
13(1.-)
3593
13^-.
Laws sung to m.
Passions corrected by m.
Recreation In m. -Milton.
Relief in ra.-.Martln Luther,
Time, Skill in m. requites.
Unpleasant m. for rivals.
See PROniGALITY.
Checked by instruction. ^4478
Encouraged-Ruinous. +4479
See PROFLIGATE.
Royal p.-C^ueen of SpHln. +4490
See KEVEI.HY.
Christmas revelry-ItaIy-France.a50
See AMUSEMENTS, HAPPINESS .iiul
SI'OR'l' //( loc.
PLEDGE.
Temperance p.-FatherM'thew*42ia
Miscellaneous cross-references.
(nfiimously broken-Proctor. 2817
Sacred p.- Embalmed b. 1402
PLOT.
Fictitious p.-" Popish." *43i3
Imaginary p.-" Negro."' *48i4
Mlsce; meous cross-referencesi.
Assassin's p.-Q. Elizabeth. 4948
Exposure of p.-Massacre. looo
Infamous p.-Gunpowder. 3013
See COXSPIR AC V 111 ioc.
PLVIVDER.
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Lawful p. of Jews. 449
Soldiers supported by p. 633
Wealth by p.-FrancIs Drake. 3059
See BOOTY.
Division of b.-Trojan War. ♦033
See SPOILS.
Abundant s.-Romans. ^5314
" " -Constantinople. ^5315
Dedication of s.-Pious. *53ic
Division of s. -Arabs. ♦.5317
Abundant s.-Blake-Spanlards. 2131
Corrupted by s.-Romans. 1298
Demoralized by s.-Scots. 5387
Sustained by s. -Con federates. 1063
Mlscelliiiieous crosa-rcferencea.
Crltlclsed-Tasso.
-.Vrlosto.
-Milton.
" -Uryden.
savagoIy-Byron.
Dosplscd-ChurchiU by J.
Honored-Coronation (.. p.
Impracticable- Voltaire an amb. 3
luconsed-Voltaire. 3002
Late in lifo-Cowper. \>:i^)^)
Mlsjudged-Gray by Joiinsim. 2.J22
Patient p.-Seven year.-i-Virj,'ll. 2311
Popularity, Sudden-Terence, xm
Precocious p.- Alexander Pope 4403
Preparation of p.-.Mllton. 5,J73
' ' 5374
Prophetic p.-Virgil. 4^1
Sensitive p.-Dlonysius. 1313
Unwelcome-" Bet Flint seeks J. •.37
Youthful p. Prococlous-liry ant. 2329
POETRY.
Bad p. criticised. *42|7
Heartless p.-Gray's. *4^>in
Inspiration for p.-Burns. *4219
Pathos in p.-Dante. *4*>o
Power of p.-Welsh. ♦42-ji
Primacy of p.-Creatlon. ♦42--'2
Utility of p.-Ancients. *4*>;^
Weakness for p.-Frederlck n.+4224
Cross-references.
Ambition In p.-Milton. 32.50
' " 3270
Development in p.-Milton. 4108
Failure in p., Early-Shelley. 2314
Father of p. -Homer. 2317
Genius in p.-Milton. 3307
Moods for p.-Milton. 1014
Reformation of abuses by p. 3098
Punishment in song-Burii.'<. 42Iii
Variable quality of Milton's p. 2,335
POISOIV.
Slow p.-Thonias Overbury. *42^'fi
Well applied-Cffisar Borgia. ^4225
Miscellaneous cross-references.
for Poison-Rosamond. 1292
Prepared for suicide. 3032
Warning of p. -Alexander. 10I8
POISONINO.
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Protected by p.-Xero. 1347
Punished by boiiing. 1.339
Unprotected from p. -Antony. 4515
See DETECTIVE.
Harmless d. -Robert Burns. ♦1.552
Stupid d.-Col Jain's'n-An(lr6.^15.M
U.st'ful d., Cicero's. *15r>4
Conniving d. -Robert Burns. ♦1972
POMCV.
.MIscellfttK s crdss-rererencKS,
Destructive military p. 317
vs. Prinil|il,'-Uellglon. 4734
POLITEIVEitS.
Mlr»ei-II. lirous (.To;
* ri't'erences.
Burdensome p. Handshaking, 2509
Characteristic p. of Mahomet. 801
Death lied p. of Charles* Ii. ,3I5>2
with Destitution. ao5()
Disagreeable p., <'a\sar's. 3400
Distinguished for p., vEmlllus. 1903
Ignored by poliiicians. 3804
Intentional p.-Rtgeut of Chlna.1035
Kind p., .Sailor's. 0021
Mark of p.-(Jluttony. 2030
Rule of p.- Johnson. 1,592
Trespass on p.-Crillclsin. 1312
to Women -Sabines. oilO
See AI'OLoiJY.
Degrading a. demanded by J.II ♦^W
As.sassiirs n.-Carncalla. 1123
Doubtful a -Marriage of H. VIII. 4,58
Weak a. for Ingratitude. 2857
See i;OUKTESY.
Denied to Speaker.-J. K. Polk.^12.57
Forfeited by Bp. of Winch'st'r.*12,58
Marked c. -Peculiarity of Eng. * 12.59
to Unfortunates-Black Prince.+120O
and Cruelty of Black Prince.
Devotion to c. -Knights.
Embarrassing c.-(ioldsmith.
Heartless Roman o.
Infidels denied c.
Insensible to claims of c.
Scant 0. remembered.
See ETIQUETTE.
Burdensome e.- Ed ward IV.
C^uestion of e.-Wash.'s Ad.
Restraints of e.-Anne.
POISONS.
Study of p. -Cleopatra.
POLICE.
Inefficient English p.
Use of p. -Win. P. of O.
♦4227
*-»228
♦4229
Miscellaneous cross refcrenceu.
Opposition to p -England. 11,30
Original p.-England. 1301
Awkwardness of e.
Di.sgusting e. -James II.
Important-Gen. Washington.
Necessary-Washington-Howe
Overdone-King upset.
Quarrel over e.. Ludicrous.
See fiAM.ANTRY.
Inconsiderate g. -Goldsmith.
Proof of g.-Feinale rulers.
See ruiVAi RY in loc.
POLITICIAN.
Artful p.-Pompey. ^4230
" " -Cromwell. ♦4231
779
1121
4335
2043
2831
2044
4083
♦1925
♦1928
♦1987
158ft
2590
4034
. 1,589
1.580
7.50
♦2203
♦2264
Crossreference.
Masterly p.-Rlchelieu.
See POLITICS in loc.
POLITIC? \NS.
' Cross-reference.
Counsels of p., Ruinous.
2424
Sg2ft
906
POLITICS.
POLITICS.
Changes in p.-James II.
2118
Reformation In p. impossible.
loot
Abusu In Atntsrluuii )>.
♦4888
(hanging p. -" Bobbing John.
• 7I')9
Religion and p.
4786
AUIunco lu p. -William Pitt.
♦423:1
1 Children Involved in p.-M. reb
n.803
Religious pretence in p.
118«
Anger In p. J. Adams.
♦428-I
1 Church in p.-James II.
3388
Resentment extinguishes p.
4100
Bltturnesh In |>.-Van Buron.
♦423r)
1 Clergy in p. -Preaching.
3051
Revenge In p. -Aaron Burr.
1747
Cundlilates In p.-Homan.
•4830
•• " Irish p.
1814
Keward in p. -J. Adams' postage.35
Changes in p.-Kn>{.Kovolutlou.*4-j:ir
Cl'i ical zeal lu p.-Kngland.
938
Rivalry in p. -Halifax.
4910
" ••-Uostoratlon.
♦423H
Oompromlso in p. -Missouri.
1017
Satires in p. popular.
3203
C'lorical p.-Janit!8 II.
♦4831)
" " "-Slavery.
1020
Science and p.-Cu;sar.
6063
Compromise In Kugllsh p.
♦4240
«i 1* It .t
1021
Silence In p. by bribery-Demos. 678
Contradiction In p. -Taylor.
♦4241
It II II II
1082
Slander in p.-BolIvar.
4044
Controversial p.-England.
♦4242
Conservatiam in p. -Cecil.
1120
Socialism in p., Roman.
6218
Corrupted-Uoraan " treats."
♦4843
" " " -England.
4012
Songs in p., Power of.
6803
-Kei({u of Chas. H.
♦4844
" " "-Excessive.
1127
II II 1. II II
3750
tt t. ti tt u
♦4245
" " "-Trimmers.
1132
Success in p.-S. A. Douglas.
807
Devices in p.-" Log-rolling."
♦4840
Conservatives- Romans.
4013
Surprise In p. -Sylla.
8888
Disappointments in p.-H. Clay.*4a4~
Conspiracy In p., Ruinous.
1137
the Theatre a power in p.
1580
Dislike for p.-S. Johnson.
♦4248
Contested with money-Irish.
663
Trick In p. -Statue crowned.
1883
Disrelished. -Oibijon In Pari.
♦424U
Corrupted by bribery-English
069
VascIUatlon in p.
6331
Duplicity In p. -Leo X.
♦48.')0
" -Athenians. 667
Visitors by p.. Burdensome.
8604
Eminence In p.- Van Uuren.
♦4251
English p.
6332
Woman in p. -Henrietta.
4888
Eschewed-Konians.
♦4852
Corruption in p. -Catiline.
0193
Woman's influence In p.
0070
Failure of p. -Poor Ireland.
♦4863
" " "-Demosthenes
. 072
II II II II
608O
Forgiveness in p. -Napoleon I
♦4254
" dominant in p.
3876
II II II II
6081
Generous p.-Willlam Penn.
♦4255
" of voters-Roman.
1211
II II II II
6084
Ilypocrisy In p. -Augustus.
♦4850
Debate of p.-Challenge-L.-D.
755
Women In p.-CIcero's wife.
6130
Idealist in p. -John Milton.
♦4257
Defeated in p. -Lincoln.
1488
-Revolution by.
6121
Insincerity in p. -James II.
♦4258
Deficiency In p. -Charles Xll.
1970
Women's work In p. -Romans
3416
Judas in p.-H. Ferguson.
♦485'J
Delusion In p. -Stamp Act.
1522
Youthful interest In p.-Bryant. 8.389
Rllsmanaged-\Vm. of Orange.
♦4860
Denunciation in p. -Jefferson.
8929
See CANDIDATE.
Misplaced-in Camp
♦4261
Devices In p.-CienerosIty.
4321
Dead c. -Daniel Webster.
♦703
Modlfled-Reign of James II.
♦42G2
" "-Roman.
1156
Dignified c. -Thomas Jefferson. +704
Parties in p. needed.
♦4263
II II II II
39.36
See CONSTITUENTS.
Partisan p.-s. Johnson.
♦42(i4
Directed by newspapers.
;1815
Honesty toward c. -Bribe.
1807
Power lu p.-" King-Maker."
♦4265
Disgrace In p. -J. Adams.
4314
See DE.MAOOGUE.
-Charles .■. Fox.
♦4260
Dissimulation in p.-Charles I.
1670
Changeful d. -Buckingham.
♦1524
Prayer in p.-s Johnson.
♦4807
" "-Newcastle
1679
Class-Rome-Votes.
♦1525
Preaching p.-Puritsms.
♦4268
Education in p. -Spartan youth
. 894
First d.-Menestheus.
♦1526
" " under Cromwell. ♦42(59
'■ •• •• ijy newspapers.3813
Marks of the d.
♦1587
" " -J. Mayhew.
♦4270
Eschewed by first newspapers
3812
" "-Connecticut.
♦4871
Exposure of means-Nero.
1347
Dangerous d.-R. Ferguson.
4369
" "-Friars.
♦4278
Freaks in p.-Crockett elected.
4322
Guided by sagacity-England.
4274
"-Ueign of Chas. II.*42r3
Genius for corrupt p. Lord N.
007
Rule of d. -Augustus.
4266
without Princlple-Pr'fessrnal.*-1274
Habitual corruption of Scotch 1. 665
Shameless d.-Catlline.
398
Reverses in p. -Tyler's Adm'n
♦4275
Heedlessness in p. -Alarming.
3780
Subdued by threatening-G. G
. 40
Revulsion toward p.
♦4270
Honesty in p.
1207
See DgMAOOUUES.
Sagacity in p. -Henry Clay.
♦4277
Immoral p. pereonlfled.
1594
Baslness, Politics ad.
4244
in Saloons-Keign of Charles II. ♦4278
Independence In p. -Trimmers
1132
Dangerous d. -Socialistic.
5218
Selfishness in p. -Romans.
♦4279
Ingratitude in p.-Gr.Democr'cj
.28.55
Disgraceful work of d.-d'th o
'S.700
Trifles in p.-\VliigsandTories.^4280
" " "-James 11.
2854
Legislation of d.-Rome.
11.50
Vexation In p.-H. Greeley.
*.»281
Insincerity in p. dangerous.
4090
Rule of d.-French Republic.
3528
Woman lu p. -Charles II.
♦4282
Insults in p.-Wm. Pitt.
8899
See ELECTION.
Young men in p. disdained.
♦4283
Invention affects p. -Cotton-gin
.8988
Close e. of John Adams.
♦183-
Lobbyist In p.-M. Crassus.
3;K5
Coercion in e.-S. Adams.
♦1838
Miscfllant'oiis cross-references.
Ministers and p. -Rev. J. Ball.
4580
Expenses-Treating in Eng.
♦1839
Abandoned for literature.
a313
Mistake In p. -New England.
5696
Frustrated-John Howard.
♦1840
Abuse brings success In p.
25
Money in p. -Election of Sylla.
3877
of Grace-Cromwell.
♦1841
Alienation of friends In p.
3934
" " " declined-Douglas.
073
Resented-Pres. of Magd'l'n C.
♦1842
in the Army-Polk's Admlnlstr't'navo
Morals necessary In p.
3716
Scandalous e.-Intimidation.
♦1843
Arrogance in p., Clerical.
920
Neutrality In p., Infamous.
12.30
Tie e.-Jefferson-A. Burr.
♦1844
t( .( tt t(
4929
Office-seeking in p. -Lincoln.
3887
Timely e. of grace-R. Newton
.♦1845
Asperity in p. -Polk.
1257
Opposition In p. removed.
676
Unanimous o. of Washington
♦1846
Assessments in p.-Maxentlus.
376
Orators In p. bought with money .671
Unique e. of Spartans.
♦1847
Balance of power In p.-Europe.43C3 |
Partisan p.-Polk's Admlnistr't'
n.276
" " " Capt. J. Smith.
•1848
Bravely maintained Rep. p.
12.50 1
Politeness Ignored in p.-CIcero.3864
Vociferous e.-Rmp. Pompey.
•1849
Bribery in p. -English.
662
Popularity seeking In p.
4013
" " punished.
1814
in p., Vicious.
4374
Defeat at e. consoled.
4063
" -Universal-England.
1812
and Poverty-Romans.
4348
" mortifylng-J. Adams.
4314
Cant in p. -Samuel Johnson.
708
Preparation for p. by f^tudy of 1. 83
Impoverished by e.-Chas. IV.
4853
Capital In p.-Conservatlve-Rom.T09
Radicals In p.-England.
4012
See ELECTIONS.
Caution in p. -Lincoln-Barber.
738 1
Reaction In p.-Vaa Buren's Adra.51
Farcical -Reign of James II.
♦1850
POLYG AM V-POSITrON.
907
Free e.-Wm.l'iliicoof oranife. 1881
Venal e.-l'uilianii'iit, a.d. 1T08 *188a
Sie VOI'K.
Only one v.-Cromwoll. *5Hr)5
Power of one v. -Sparta. ♦5H6<i
-Marathon. *585r
;W7.'>
i.wt)
Ba»oly jflven-Itochoster.
Compllmontury v., Lincoln's
DecllnlnK always to v. -A. J.
Emphatic v. -Stone ballot.
Minority v. elects Lincoln.
One decisive v.-Impeachmcnt. ST.'iO
Ostracism by v.-.Vthontans. 3!W)H
Unanimous v. for Ind'pcnd'nce.STUO
See VOTKKS.
Bribe for v. dIsKulsed.
Brlbod-iiSOOO for one-Ireland.
" by public nioney-N.
Church-members the only v.
Ooerced-EnRllsh v.
DIstranchlsed-l'athollcs In Md
See VOTES.
Sollcltin)? v,-Grenville. *5858
6(W
oor
HHl
733
by Bribery of German princes.
Character controls y.-Wash.
Coerced by Communists.
Controlled by force-Cromwell.
Corrupt-" Credit Mobllier."
for Dead candidate-Webster.
Excluded by Cromwell.
Independent EnRllsli v.
Influencing v.-Women.
Majority to rule-United States
Perseverance in seeking v.
Uesentraent at v.-Jaraes II.
See VOTINd.
for Chrlst-Uoman Senate. *
POLYGAIWY.
Mlscelianeoua cross-refcrencea.
Panaficisra tends to p.
Justified by Milton.
Permitted by M. Luther.
Shameful p.-Botliwell.
Unproductive of children.
See co^■crIiI^•Es.
Passion for e.-Elagabalus.
Power of Persian c.
608
283(i
ISTO
3181)
2900
703
m-i
4011
2410
3387
4153
2890
58,59
3078
3922
4058
2188
4.3;«
900
959
pomp.
Oriental p., Royal.
in Private llfe-Wallensteln.
*4285
♦4284
Cross-reference.
Asiatic p.-Wedding-Tlmour.
POinPOSITY.
Expression of p.-S. Johnson. *4
741
Crnss-reference.
In Titles-Romans. 5628
See DISl'I.AY and I'UIDE in loc.
POOR.
Benefited by civilization. *4287
Burdened for the rich. *4288
Children of the p. *4289
Conspiracy against the p.,Leg.*4290
Decrease of p.-England. *4291
Discrimination against the p. *4292
Dwellings of the p.-Cellars. *4293
First laws for the p. '4295
Hardships of p. Miners.
Oppressed by law.
Oppression of the p.
tt it it ti
Refuge for the p. -Georgia.
Remembrance of the p.
*421M
*429r
*I298
*i'i'M
MUcellaneoua crosn-referencea.
Abuse of p.chlldren-Apprentlce8.798
" " " " " 7!i!t
Amusements denied to-i^uolts. l','!)ii
Asylum for the p.-Colony of Gu..VJj
Bad food of the Irish p. ]:,io
Benevolence to the p. -Mrs. F. nni
-Lady U. 520
Care for Mohammedan p. ^'ori2
Charity of the p.-Foundling. 7hi
Cheap luxury for the p.-R,biitlis. I(K)
Devotion to the p.-nuntinKd(in.,-.l(;
Discrimination against tlie p. r>:v
.580
Enslaved-England. siiit
Exoluded from p. -Office. 388;i
False friends of p.-Demapogue.ir>25
I''o()d of English p. ai8l
Generosity to the p.-Cimon. .5^'<j
" Guests of God "-Mahomet's p.52l
Laws applied to the p. 31.5.5
Legislation against the p. 2277
Luxury of the r. benefit the [). 3302
Munificent lienevolenco to the p..547
Oppressed by bigotry-Jas. II. .528
" " capital-Tailors.
" " clergy.
" " government.
" laws.
" nobility.
Oppression of p. resisted.
Overlooked-A rub's p.
Popularity witli tlie p.
Precedence of p. in court.
Remembered by ilie p.
Revolt of the [i.-Ronie.
Rights of tlie p. disregarded.
•12!)
4936
3103
310.5
3110
42.53
21.50
4528
4321
.■i()71
22!)i)
4298
193
ignored-Magna Charta. 3125
Schools for p., Ragged
Speculators oppress the p.
Sympathy for the p. -Lincoln.
Trespass of the rich on the p.
Vengeance of p. on oppressors. 5289
Wrongs of p.-Am. Indians. 4331
See POVERTY in loc.
.5044
,5045
5281
,5497
30i
POPE.
Superseded by Henry VIII.
Supremacy of p. beneficial.
*4301
*4302
Mlacelliineous croas-refereneea.
Cruelty of p.-Greeory XII. 4541
Devotion to the p., Entire. 3016
" (JregoryVII. 2889
Insolent p -Gregory XIII. 2887
Licentiousness of Clement VI. -3245
Simony of p.-Virgllius. 5152
POPUIiARITY.
Dangers of p.-Pompey. *4306
Deserved-Emperor Titus. '*4307
Doctrinal p.-Armenlan. *4.S08
Evil p.-Sale of indulgences. *4309
without Fame H. Clay.
♦4310
IlliKlered Halifax.
♦4311
■ .Just p. of Ca'-ar.
♦4312
I.DSs of p. Henry Vano.
♦431;!
Lost ,)(iliii Adams.
•431 1
Means of p. Tliemistocles.
•1315
Misjudged Casar's.
♦4310
Necessary-Henry I.
♦4317
Reaction of p. Lafayette's,
♦431^
Hacrificfd-Lafajette.
♦13 111
by Simplicity-Charles IL
♦4.320
Si)Ught clnioii.
♦4;i21
Strange p David Crockett.
♦4.322
'i'ldo of p. -Monmouth.
♦432.3
Vanity of p., CromweH's.
♦4.321
Vicious p., Nero's.
*4;K5
Mlaeelluneijiia erosa-referencus.
Abused Citizen Genet.
ai29
litiievolence for p.
4.321
Departing p.-G. Washington's
. 2.308
Depreciated by p. Science.
2loy
Endangered by great p.
;i969
Exposed-John Adams.
3861
Fickle p. -Cromwell.
3739
Fickleness of p. -Cromwell.
5991
vs. Honesty-F. North.
3040
Lossof p.-Wllllam Pitt.
3952
" " " deplored Cicero.
43711
Lost by a penslon-Wm. Pitt.
1515
" -Restless-I'itt.
2012
Misjudged -(lesar's.
1138
Money brings p. Sjlla.
3877
of Nonsense-Dlogeiu'S.
2168
by Opposition-William Hone.
3203
Patriotism ignored for p.
42,52
Peculiarity brings p.
3953
a Reproach-Claudius.
3870
Reward according to p.
5872
Sacrificed to vanity-Pitt.
5032
" anibition-W. Penn.2'<-ll
by vices-Byron.
2057
Temporary p. of (^ueen Anne.
1030
Trick for p. -Augustus.
3880
" " " "
3881
Vicious p., Treasurer's.
4374
Waning p. -Tyler's Adni'n.
4275
See KEITT.VTION !ii loc.
POPIJI.ATIOIV.
Changes of p. -Constantinople. ♦4326
Extension of p. Westward. ^4327
' " ♦4.328
Xliacellanedna cross-references.
Criminal p. of Rome. ,385
Decimated by pestilence. 4157
Exterminated by plague. 4190
4191
" " pestilence. 4548
Unmerited by Edward IV. gay k. 47
PORTitAIT.
Prohiblted-Elizabeth's. ♦4329
Cross-reference.
Forbidden by Agesilaus.
POSITION.
Value of p. -Battle of Is.sus.
4449
♦4,3.30
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Better than numbers.
Coveted-Post of peril. 1233
908
POSSESSION— POWER.
See RANK.
Plea for soclui r. M. Johnson. *4613
See DISTl\(ni().\ iind l"ROMO-
TIO.N in loo.
PO^iJiiESSION.
ItlKht of p.-liidluiiH.
•4831
MlKcelhiiioiius cross-ri'ferc'iices.
Aecltluiitiil omen of p. -Duke Wm. S3
Final p. II Kfiive. 2467
Soo I'KOl'EKTY inhic.
POSTAGE.
Mlsccll^iiu'dus cnisa-referciicea.
Bunlrtiisdiiio p. -Scott. 8048
t'otupllineiitiiry p. to ex-Pres'ts. 35
POST-OFFICE.
Opposcil-KnKliind. *4332
POSTEItlTY.
Denied to .\I;ihomut.
♦4333
MiscelliincDus cross-references.
Need of p.-"(.'onlluuaiion of 1).''800
Keproach of p. feared by C. I. 1500
" ' -Strafford. 120
Viiiii labors for p. of W. Scott. 190
See UE.SCE.N'D.VNTS.
DoKonoraoy of modern Greeks. 1507
Sufferings and i uin of Caesar's d. 2075
See HKKEDITY.
of Disposition-Frederick II. *2551
Failure of h.-Howard's father. ♦2552
of Character-Charles I.
Contradicted-Orleans princes,
of Crlme-Ca»sur's family.
Cruelty by h.-Nero.
of Disposition-Frederick II.
" " -Melancholy.
" -Nero.
Failure of h. -Cromwell's son.
of (jienlus-Waits.
" -Blaise Pascal,
in Government-Monarchy.
" " -Female llne-I.
3628
287
2078
1347
2072
2.551
3500
.5800
.5957
2;J15
8384
UTA
2458
Incompetence by h. -Goldsmith. 4342
in Mechanics-Kast Indian. 3537
of Profession In Eeypt. 4486
" Shauielos-ness-Ferdlnand. 2066
POVERTY.
a BlessinK-Minlsterlal. *4.3.34
Blessings of p.-Pascal. ♦4.3.35
Crime of p. in law. ♦4336
Devices in p.-Goldsralth. ♦4337
vs. Extravagance. ^4338
CJcnlus in p. -Isaac Newton. ♦4.33!)
IlHppiness with p. -Grant. ^4340
Honorable p.-Ad. Blake. ^4341
Itiherlted-Gnldsmith. *4342
of Inventors-Goodyear. ♦4343
-Howe. ♦4344
Land p.-United States. ♦4.345
Ministerial p.-Bp. Asbury. ^4.346
Overestimated-S. Jolinson. ♦4.347
and Politics-Romans. ^4348
with Pride-S. Johnson. ♦4.34!)
Protected by p. -Caledonians. ♦4-3.50
Punishment of p. -England. ♦4351
Ridiculed-Scots- Johnson. ♦43,58
Koyal p.-Emp. Charles IV.
" "-Baldwin K.
School of p.-S. Johnson.
Sorrows of p., Woman's.
Spirit with p. -8. Johnson,
a Tyrant-Workmen's.
Unknown in Athens,
and Vlce-EuKland.
Virtuous p. -Am. Indians.
♦43.53
♦4;»t
♦4;«i5
♦4.3.56
♦4.357
♦4.3.58
♦43.5!)
♦4300
♦4361
Mlacellaiieous cross-references.
Absence of p.-N. Eng. Colony. 371 1
BadKe of p.-Diajjuised-Ciems. 3100
Benefactor rewarded with p. 2334
Benevolence with p -Goldsmith. .513
" " seamstress. 58.5
by Benevolenoo misapplied.
Children I lie treasures of p.
Choice of p. -Wesley.
Cities exhibit p.-Rome.
Clerical p. -England.
5.53
500
818
5978
889
!)8I
989
" " " 939
" " " 940
Coercion of p.-Adrians. 8387
Contented with p.-S. Adams. 3660
Contentment with p.-Dlo)?enes.ll51
" " 5635
Degraded p. -Roman masses. 3856
Degradation of p. -Ireland, 1510 1511
Deprivations of p. -Geo. Wash. 1788
■' " -A.Lincoln. 1787
Desplsed-Napoleon. .50;«
Disguised by show of wealth. 3Uti6
False relief for p. -Public labor. .5.53
Genius in p. -Homer. 8317
" rUing from p. -Franklin. 8;J3I
Hardships of p.-Youth. 3121
" " " -Laborers. 3183
Honesty with p. a marvel. 1807
Humiliating p.-Iieggars. 2;il0
Impatience with p.-Dryden. 2469
Impediment of p.-R. Burrs. 596
Increased by unwise ben' vol'nce.. 533
Independence in p. 5!)48
" "-Slllpon. .5988
Inventor's p.-John Fitch. a!)!K)
Labor in p. by (inclnnatus. 1.57
Life narrowed by p. 3183
beside Luxury-Romans. 3369
Marriage impeded by p. 5989
or Principle-Protestant clergy. 787
Proof of honesty-Scipio. 1948
Protected by p. from war. 10?J
Reputation protected by p.-Aiis.760
Struggle with p.-.Iohnson. SAU
" In p.-Lincoln. 6213
Trials of p. by Isaac Kewton. 108
by Vice-England. 4360
Voluntary p. for science-F'rad'y.,537
" " rellglon-WesIey.518
Vow of p.-J. Wesley. 518
" " " -Mahomet. 524
See ALMS.
for Strugglers-Sir Walter Scott. 90
See BEOGAR.
Honorable b.-Martln Luther. ^497
Literary b.-Engllsh. ^498
an Impressive b.-"An old S.'
90
Religious b.-M. Luther.
Royal b.-Henry III.
tl tt M tt
Ruler made a b.-Jolin of C.
Unknown among Am. Indians.
See HEOIIARS.
Malicious b.-England 10th cent
Profeshlonal b.-Monks.
Punlshed-England-Whlpped.
" -England-Slavery.
Scheme for b. -Count Rumford
Ouelty toward Scotch b.
Headquarters for b. -London.
Nobility reduced to b.
Numorou8-One-flfth-England
Prevented by law-Solon.
Punishment of b.-England.
See VACiKANTS.
Imposition of v. -England.
44.5<T
1864
1806
8818
667
.♦491^
♦,500
♦501
♦.508
.♦50.3
.58fi3
1893
8810
4300
43.5!)
8703
♦5703
Branded-England. 508
Professional v.-Bavarla. .503
See IJENEVOLENCK, CltARlTY
iinil TOOK in loc.
POWER.
Authority by p. -Charles II.
Balance of p. -Origin.
" " " -Europe.
Boast of p.-Pompey.
Humble-Roman.
Personal p.-Napoleon.
Threat of p., Agrippina's.
Use of p. for freedom.
♦4«!8
*4363
♦4364
♦4365
♦4366
♦4367
♦4368
*.1369
♦4370
MIscelLineoiis cross-references.
beyond Capacity-George III.
by Comblnatlon-the Poor.
Dangerous to liberty.
t)y Good and evil mixed.
Love of p. by Irene.
Might makes right-Wm. III.
" " " -Cromwell.
" " -Earls.
Monarch of the world-Tlmour.
Moral p. in conscience.
Offlcial p.-Roman Censor.
Personal p. of Bothwell.
" " -Cromwell-Moral.
" " -Spanish Inqulsltl'n
Resigned-General Bolivar,
in Ridicule-Public.
" " -Reformation.
" " -Revolution.
" Wealth-Philip.
' See COEKCION.
Patriotic c. of Tory Tim. Paine.
887!>
168H
3819
3015
180
4!>03
4904
4908
195
1109
740
1171
1388
2S77
4044
4895
48!)7
4898
4885
♦963
Fictitious c.-Mary Queen of S. 818H
of Ctovernment by finances. 8401
" Juries-Star Chamber. .3050
" Jury by Jeffreys. .3048
Moral c. of Sunderland. 1997
Profession in life by c. 4485
Repentance by c.-Fallure. 4396
Signature by c.-Magna Charta.3807
See DOMINION.
Boundless d. -Roman. ♦KIO
Proofs of d. -Persians. ♦KlI
See FDRCE.
Distinguished by f.-' irmm'r."^3187
Fictitious f.-Mary Quconof S. 'aiSS
vs. Consclenoe-SubjuKatlon.
Divinity In f.-Theinist<ji!lcs.
vs. Persoverance-Illii.sii'tttloii.
Hcu KNEIluy.
<'ompllmented-Nupoleon I.
Expression of e.-Oon. Grant.
Iiidlrldual o.-Klonzl.
.Military e.-Emperor Trajan,
of I'atriotlsm-Israel Pu'nain.
Siiucess by e.-Cardlnal Wolsey,
iSurpassliifc e. of Mahomet II.
■I'-IO
*1890
•IH'Jl
♦IHU'J
*1S03
*I8!H
*1H!).)
♦1800
by Cllmato-IIunKarlans.
9.J3
In Dlsaster-Uomans.
lUOO
Expressed by Cmsar.
103:1
Lack of e. brings disaster.
8025
Pereonal e.-Chas. the IIammor.ai8~
See STREN(iTn.
<.'on3clousness of s.-Alex.
*r^M
Physical s.-Peter Jefferson.
♦5358
" -WashlDKton.
*5;i59
by Plety-CromweU.
*d;j5t
See VIOLENCE.
.Error of v. -Christians.
*r)H«-i
Artrumentatlve v. from w'kucss.299
Paternal v.-Frederlck 11. 3389
U-iioUon of v.-Becket-II. II. 0145
Sivaxe V. of Fred. William. lOTS
for Vlolence-Agrlpplna. 2072
See AUTlIOUITy and RULEH
in loc.
PRACTICE.
Mlsoelliiiieous cross-references.
Expert by p.-Jeffreys. 1994
.Kxpertness by p. -Horsemen. 2034
See EXPERT,
fcy Practice-Jeffreys. ♦1994
Physical e.-IIenry II.
See EXPERTS.
Uuappreolated-Frederlck II.
PRAISE.
Demoralized by p.-C'lcoro.
Extravagant p., Cicero's.
Offensive p.-John Howard.
Servile p. of Nero.
UudlsceriiluK p. rebuked.
389
3041
*4371
*43~2
*43~3
*43-4
*43-5
Miscelhineous cross-roferelicos.
Hetiefieial p. awakens ambition. 195
<'orre.ted by criticism. 2256
Discriminating p. in I{. triumph. 1,50
to (Jod for victory. 3788
Most valued-M.'s mother's p. 112
Song of p.-Battlefield. 3788
Traffic In p. -Dedication of books.498
See ADl'LATION.
Official a. of Ohas. I. by Finch. *C0
l{el)uked of James I.-s. m. *(U
Kidlculous a. of H. Vlll.-r. b. g. *C2
for Money-Dedication of book8.498
See APPLAUSE.
Ancient Germans' a.-Clashing. *270
Consequence of a.-lnsplratlon. *271
Indifference to a.-Napoleon. *278
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Distrusted by Cromwell. 373Q
Presumption from a. 2570
I'UAC'l'K'K-l'KKAC'lIlNG.
See COJiPLLMENT.
False c -Uoburt Uurus's toast. *lil09
Graceful e. of Wm. P. of O. ♦IdlO
Mlsapproprlated-(,'at<). *ioi 1
iiO[)
Burdensom(!-Offlco-Ulcero.
by Conlldonce-Ciesar.
Contemptuous c.-"Smallest f.
for Hospitality-Gluttony.
Public-Alexander Napoleon.
See EULOdlfM.
Sublime e. of WashlnKton.
f : PLATTKllV.
Artful-Captive Zenobla.
False f. of Henry VIII.
Fulsome f. of James I.
IrrltatiuK f-of Fred, the Great,
Kesented-Alexandcr.
Uewarded, Exce.s.slvu f.
3804
1011
" 711
:.'(;•■!!)
22''i2
•1028
*2152
♦•Jl,').'!
*2154
♦2157
Deception by f.-Uochesti^-. ] in
Develops servitude-Romans. 3(i5
Embarrassment by f.-Ciesar. 2(157
for Favor- Voltaire. 2h25
Fulsome f. of Charles I. oo
Wealth by f. -Legacies. 5'.I7I
of Woman's beauty- HUzabeth. 20H4
See FAME, noN(JUS iiiiU WORSllU'
III lee.
PRAYER.
Brief p., Busy man's,
at Death, Samuel Johnson's
before Flghting-Eng. Uuv.
of (iratltude-A. Lincoln.
Helpful p.-A. Lincoln.
Necessity of p. -Mahomet.
Pefuge iu p.-G. Washington
Uefusod, Cromwell's p.
" for James II.
Soldier's p., Crotnwell's.
Subdued by p. -Samuel Hick,
and Swearlng-A. Johnson.
♦4370
p.^4;i:7
♦4378
♦4379
♦4380
♦4381
. ♦4;W2
♦4aS3
♦4;i84
♦4385
♦4380
♦4.387
.Mlscelluiieoiis (.'rdss-refereiices.
Answered by Apoplexy. 1093
" for Can Wright. 1083
" -Geo. Miiller-Money. .525
5-'0
" -Mother's p.-Boehm. 1086
Answers to p.-Geo. Miiller. 1604
Appreciated-Coloiiial Congress. 564
Bigotry denies p. at burial. 590
" prevents union In p. 587
Brings food-Geo. Milller. 2035
Call to p. -Mohammedan. 510
Childish pranks in time of p. 801
Comfort In Lord's p. 8403
for Conviction of sin. 1188
Credit of p. disputed. 875
In Death, Cromwell's p. H34
" " Luther's p. 1433
" " Mahomet's p. 1432
Defective p., Soldier's. 8309
False p. of plunderers. 1559
of Gratltuda, Silent p. 4,379
" -Eye restored. 2017
Hindered by temptation. 1181
Husbandman's p. 4710
Last p. of Cromwell. 831
Listening for answers. 995
Market price of masses and p. 610
at Meals-Pagans. 4710
for Ministering spirit. B3I£
New Year p.- Johnson. 0177
Pleasure In p., Malioniofs. 420U
Politioiun's p. Johnson. 4aC7
Poor man's p.-M. Luther. 4310
Private p. continued-Cromwell. 4177
Protection by ii.-.Miner. 4,-i50
Uefugo In p., Pareutal-S. Wesley. no
Itefusod to martyr.
Kefusliig p.-Capltal crime.
Kulaous p. for water,
of Uulers-Wllllam Cecil.
Salvation through p.
Sulillmo p. -Lord's p. -Nap.
of Submission-Socrates,
for War and misery.
PRAYERS.
Attendance at p. -J. (^uiiicy.
4130
4;i84
6022
4179
119,1
2830
4557
5927
♦4388
.Misci'lluru'OiH cross-references.
Dully p. necessary-Napoleon. 1818
Divided in p.-Catlis., Prots. 2093
Needless p.-D'llver'nce of pope.2til»2
Unanswered through c'mp'asn.3249
vs. i'sofuIuess-Agriculturo. 0155
Sec ^VOUSlIll' ill luc.
PREA<;ifER.
Criis.i- reference.
Uemarkabla p.--illaek Harry." 4389
PREACHERS.
Lay-p.-Purltans. ^4390
^4391
MlscjlUmeon.s truss-references.
Monotonous English \>. ,39.54
Political p. rebuked by J. II. 4239
Untrained p. -(Quakers. 1908
PREAniiivc;.
a Crime in Scot land. ♦4392
" Duty-John Buiij an. ^4393
Genuine p.-Purilans. ♦4394
to Please-Dangerous. ♦4395
Profitless p.-" Hung In chalns."^4390
by Women-Samuel Johnson. +4397
Miscellaneous cn)ss-references.
Vrrested for ji.-Wra. Penii. 8053
Awakening p.-B. Abbott. 1080
" " -Asbury. 1179
" -John Bunyan. 1085
" " -John Wesley. lOtS
Courage for p.-G. Ouseley. 1243
Excitement by p.-Melhodlsts. 470S
Imprisoned for p.-J. Bunyan. 2704
Liberty of all in p. 5089
Personal p.-Seemlng. 1189
" "-Kesented. 1234
Plain p -Queen's dress. 1738
Politics-Puritan p.-England. 4206
" forbidden-England. 4209
" -Puritans of Mass. 4870
" " " Conn. 4271
" commanded. 4272
" -Keign of Charles II. 4278
Sermon8-42,500 by J. Wesley. 14Z
vs. Silence of monks. 1169
by Women- Wesleyans. 6133
See SERMON.
Long s.-BlsLop Burnet. ♦5111
910
m
III
quoer »., Bisbop Turnor's. *6n8
ImproMsivo B.-a IIourH-WhitClU.OUlO
Infiirlittt'd l)y .1. Kiiox'h b. -KLVl
Mfu clmiiKt'd by u h. lONO
Mdfkory of h. arrcBted. 4901
.See HKKMONH.
Huporltlo H.-Hifihup Lutlmer'B. *S110
Many g.-Goo. \Vlilt«lleld-18,000.68lO
Hi'o (!IJCU<iY 111 loc.
PRKCBDBNCE.
ludnltuHirnal p.-8. Jobnitou. *430H
(Quarrels for p.-AmbaBsadora. *48U9
-Greeks. •4400
Valued-Ctcsar. ♦4401
MlHCflijUU'OUH CrOflH-reftTLMlCOB.
Declined by wtmndod Nelson. SJ508
Guarded-Napoleon vs. I'opo. 1.120
Ludicrous rcKard for p. -Court. 750
t^uarrel for p. -Louis XIV. 1671
SfU Ultil'I.N'CTIOV ,„ loc.
piie:<;eobivt.
Mltoelhiiieoiirt cross-referciicL'S.
EstablUbliiK p. -Napoleon I. 4905
KlKbt by p. -Napoleon I. 4905
SeeEXAMI'LK i« loc.
PKECIPICB.
Crimn-ri't'eri'Mct'.
Cast down p., Perjurer. 4112
PHBCOCITY.
Remarkable p. -James Watt. ♦4408
'■ '■ -A'mx. I'ope. ^4403
Mtscolluiieous LTossreferenccs.
Educational p. -8. Jobnson. 1815
of Qenius-Wllllam 0. Bryant. S330
Juvenile p. of Then.lstocles. 035
lu Mathematics. 3532
-Colbum. 3533
Remarkable p.-Johnson-3 Yrs. 793
Youtbfai p. of B. Franklin. 036
PRBDBSTIIVATION.
Belief In p.-\Vm. P. of Orange. ^4404
" " "-Scandinavians. ♦4405
Mlscellancona cross-references.
Extreine view of p.
Timely p.-Boforo b>rth.
4384
1815
PRL'^OIC'IION.
Editorial p.-Civll Wr.r. ♦4406
Parental p. for Pe'or Cooper. ^4407
Reallzed-New York. ^4408
Mlacellaneous.'ross-references.
Auffury-Birds-BuiiiMnK-Rome. 396
of Bankruptcy-Nation?!. 45i
Equivocal p.-Delphlc oracle. 3948
Foolish p.-J. Dryden. 5049
Fulfllled-J. FRch-Steamboats. 8306
Oracular-Nero to kill liis mother.l9e
" -Sviia Heins of gov't. 495
Political p.-Am. Revolution. 1.599
Popular political p.-False. 1985
Reallned-DiffuBlon of the Bible. 578
See PREMONITION and PROPHECY
in loc.
PHKCKDKNCK-PUKS.s.
PHK'KITIINKNIIB.
SurpaMRliig p (it'll. VViiNliliigton.11128
See DI.SM.NCTION imil KMl.NK.NCK
in tor.
PIiUUNAIV4'Y.
Mlnci'Iliiriouui cnrnK-rrlVrcmi'ii.
Dlngraeefiil p. of llonorla. 3490
Miraculous p., Contempt for. 8528
PHi!:ji;»icB.
Commercial p. -National Dank. ♦4409
Deluded by p., I'ublic. ♦44l(i
in lIlBtory-DlonysluH. ♦4111
InveHtigatlon with p. -Julian. ♦1412
National p.-Krance and Eng. ♦4413
Opposition of p. -Roads. ^44 14
against I'rogress-lmn. ^4415
Reaction of p.-Methodlsm. ^4410
Seotlonal p. -North and South. ♦4117
and SuperBtltlon-Lepers. ^4418
Mlncc'lluneoiiii croitii-referciicfs.
Appeal to p., Vain. 4.J32
against Bankers-Jews. 440
-Lombards. 4.^0
of Caste-Parllaraent. 72!»
Evidence of p. -James II. 1945
" required, Slender. 4214
against Foreigners-Columbus. 2055
" " -Kgyptlans. 21H!)
" " -Language 3131
In Food-Scots-England. 1913
of Ignorance-Ministry. 875
vs. In ventlon-Sewing-raachlne. 271)5
Judgments of p. -Nap. I. by Eiig. 24
against Newspapers-Addlson. 3813
Opinion affected by p. 3910
Popularity by gratifying p. 4333
Utlllzed-Jesult missionaries. 395
Warps Judgmcut-Reput't'n of C.767
See niOOTUY.
Dlsclalmed-Cont. Congress. ♦SS"
Papal b.-Plus V. ♦588
Protestant b.-Scotland. ♦.589
Puritanic b.-Engllsh Puritans. *.5i)0
Strange b. -American Puritans. ^591
in Benevolence-James II.
Blinded by b.-Janies II.
Clerical b.-Country parson.
Display of b.-James II.
Foolish b. of James II.
Ilarmonlous b. -Bristol,
Mortified by benevolence.
Protestant b.-C. disfranchised,
Rebukod-Dr. Arnold's plea.
Religious b.-Turk vs. Persian.
Rule of b. James II.
PREMONITION.
Accidental p.-Charles I.
of Death-Charles V.
" " -Lincoln's.
528
4085
2707
1990
317
3600
3780
732
733
5070
3549
See PRESENTIMENT.
True p.-John Howard.
.See OMENS in loc.
PREPARATION.
Const.ant p. -•'Minute-men."
for Ort.tory-Demosthenes.
♦4419
♦4420
♦4421
♦4422
♦4430
♦4423
*
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Llteriry p. -Milton for Par'dlsiB L.194
L(mK p. for Paradise LoHt. 4lON
Neglect iif p.-Kdmund Ilurke. 41)
b.f KOUETIIUIiillT.
Impulsit morn lellabli'. S.T07
.Sv.nU(l.\.\IZATIuN, PLAN ami
I'UE.MKDlTATKtN inluc.
PREROfJATIVB.
Royal p. Kiiip. SiH'erus. Hfiti
" "-Jumi's II. ♦4420
.Si. l'ltl\ ll.KOEiii luc.
PRENHVTERlAMMin.
Despised by (.'harli'S II. ♦4427
PREIHRV TEHI A N8.
CtuhH-rffrreiice.
Dislike for p., Milton's.
PRESENT.
Declined by William Pitt.
Perplexing Mazarln.
iioa
♦4488
♦4489
Ml»ci'll:iiieiiu« cniHS rcfcriTiccs.
Delightful p.-Portralt ot the k. 4049
of Food rewarded. 4481
" " -Ada to Alexander. S876
Sfc I'UESK.NTS 111 loc.
PRESICNTIITIENT.
True p.-John llosviud. ♦4480
See I'KEMOMTKiN iii.d O.MEN8
ill lor.
PREMEIN'.i .
Bring presents. -"Pudding.'
Solicitation of p.-Alex.
♦4431
♦4482
MlBcellaiu-f.uH tT(i..v'*- references.
Destroyed-Ty rant-Sapor. 2627
Mlsapplled-.Montezuma. 1085
Solicited by royal beggar. 1866
See OIKTS iii luc.
PRESERVATION.
Miscelluneiius eni.ss-ret'creiicet*.
Remarkable p. of Mahomet. 1083
Requirement for p.-C'nim'n'sts.lOOS
Strange p. of Rome-Ueese. 1961
See DELIVEllANCE in luc.
PRESS.
Defended, Liberty of p. *4433
Education by the p.-E. A. Poe.^4434
Freedom of p.. Safety by. ♦4485
" " -Liberties. ♦4430
" " "-Fred. II. ^4437
" " -N. Y., yr. 1734. ♦44.S8
Political p. feared- England. ^4439
Power of p. feared -England. ^4440
Progress of American p. ^4441
Responsibility of p. ^4448
See NEWS.
Fatal n.-Dr. Moit-Llncoln d. ♦.3810
Writer of n. devices of yr. 1790. ♦,3811
Good n.-IIasto-Gold. 1974
Manlpulated-Sertorlus. 1479
Shocking n.-Fatal-Unexpected.l603
See NEWSI'AI'EKS.
Colonial Am. n., year 1740.
Deprecated by Addison.
Primitive n.-Engllsh.
Thought directed by n.
•3812
♦3813
♦3814
•3816
Attacks of n. Ignored-Llncoln. 1309
l'UKSTI(}i:— I'I'.IDK.
Pabuloui aodoanti In n. KITS
Want of 11. I'rumTvo liberty. .'I*)7
PHKHTK4K.
<'ri)rtH-ri'(Vrfti(:*'.
DUreKard for family p. 3060
PHKNIiniPTION.
FooIlBh p.-Kaiptiror I't'tmrch. •4448
Itewnrd of p., IntllKuity. *'i4't-i
S.I' IMI'OHITKIN.
Artful I. of Aliisanditr.
oiHulul 1. riinlitinii'iit of c.
MlacclliuiFduacrnaa.refureiiceii,
Papal p. ruHunttul.
Kldlculud by I'lii'thlaiii.
of Succ«8»-(,'apt. Liiwronco.
HuuueHHful p. of tbruu men,
of Youth-Naslca.
' " -I'ompey.
" -Louis XIV.
Hf« AltKOOANCE.
Answered-Cburles V.
Chlldl»h-Xerxort-Kottor8-Sea.
Inaulttng a.-Attllu.
" -Clmrlos V.
Boastful a.-I)l8abul the Turk.
Clerlaal a. In politics.
Lofty a. of Attlla.
National a,-EnKllsb.
Peril In a.-Braddook's defeat,
Hee CKEOULITY.
of Phlloaophera-8tran({e-8,
RellKlous 0. -Priestcraft,
of the Slck-lOth century.
Superstitious c, -Romans.
" " -PerHlan Magi,
Excess of o.-Mobammedans,
of Fanatics-Crusaders,
Gold-seekers c.-Slnns-Splders.
of Hatred-Origin of Huns.
" Superstition-Mystery.
" " -Am. Indians.
" " -First Crusade.
" " -N. E. Colonies,
" Tlmldlty-NeRro plot,
brings Unbelief-Miracles.
Victim of c-Cotton Matber,
See SELF-CONFIDENCE,
Coronation of self-Napoleon,
See RISK.
Assumed by Alex.'s physician.
See VENTURE.
Instructive v, of Franks.
040
ivia
1070
2H14
OiilO
0200
♦810
♦320
♦.381
•810
.■)84
oao
4U20
823
38.3
07
♦lasi
♦ias8
♦lawi
♦1884
♦1885
3082
.'ja'io
BMl
]r>88
B447
5448
5451
5453
4214
8C80
1567
1321
1326
1048
♦6795
Herolo-Sherman's march to the s.70
Bee CONFIDENCE and PRETEND-
ER in luc.
PRGTENDER.
Honored-Mlcbael the Greek, ^4445
CroBS-reference.
Birth of p,-J, F. E. Stuart.
PRETENDERS.
Numerous p.-Turkish.
6223
♦4446
PRETENSION.
MIscell&neoua cross-references.
Contempt for p. -Pirates. 1144
" '• -Alario. 1145
and KnthuKliiHin Mahomet.
Exposed -WoKiilnif vlrxln.
" OraiileH-OroolttM.
" -Dolphlc.
by PoMlaKC! cxpcnsti Scott.
HuppoHtul 1. -Child <>f >lami!.s II
on Verdant countryman.
Hfe IMl'osTdU.
(>)ntnmptlble 1. Lambert .H.
Deceived by 1. I'orkln W'rb'ck.
* "-.Monmouth.
PunlHliod-Duke of Monmouth,
Uoproved by (loneral (irunt.
Blasphemous 1. -Titus Gates,
Heo IMPOSTORS.
Power of l.-Uarbarlans.
S..' IMI'OSTl'KE.
Political I.-Voico In the wall.
Uewarded-Tltus Gates,
♦87.');i
♦87.M
lll'JS
;ni8o
30)0
3047
8018
3!M:|
1«11
♦87.W
•87.V1
♦8Tr)r
♦87.58
♦275i»
6018
8881
♦8701
♦8T0O
Folly of p., Dentrurtlviv
lliiinlliiittMl Samiu'l .lulinxon,
MortllliMl Oliver (iolilMnllh,
of Hlvulry cIi'ito'h.
HaiTllleeH for p., (Jold-inllh's.
Subjugation of LutliiTM p
Vain itlorlousp. of llrrn-y VII1.^1I.')7
mi
♦H.M
♦4459
♦44.W
•I4.M
• 1 1.'.5
• 1 1.Vl
Duplloated-Tllus Gates. *8051
S.i' HYPOCRISY.
Brazen b.-Pop« Adrian VI. ♦8m)8
Diplomatic b. Napoleon I, ♦8tl!l3
Exposed-KellKlous-Charles II.*8iilM
In Frlendshlp-Klval dukes, ♦8Uit5
Invlted-Purltan Parliament, ♦80U0
UellKlous b.-Ulval dukes, ♦8ei(7
" -Homan phllos, ♦80!i8
PolltlCd.. h,-AURU8tU8,
liellglous b. -Charles 11,
See HYPOCRITE.
Accomplished h.-" Dick" T.
Epitaph of the h. -Alexius.
Si'c QrACKEKY.
Experiment In (i.-Calo.
Superstitious (j.-Klng'a touch
Sec SHAMS.
Military s.-Am. Hevolutlon. ^5180
♦8«9'J
2700
♦4,'J87
♦■l!>H8
Rldlculcd-Affoctatlon.
See DECKPTION in loc
\rm
PRETEXT.
MlficolliineijUB crcus-rrfereiuca.
for Banishment of French Cath.s.4-1H
Commercial p.-Lysandcr. 810
Conscience a p.-Sunderland. IIMO
for Divorce-Henry VIII, COfiO
" -Peter III. 0009
Flimsy p. for war.-Ron.ans. 438
" Extortlon-IIenry VIII, 4.30
Religion a p.-Blbulus. 38,'J6
Religious p, for vlce-Mahomet. 63
" " of James II, 577
See EXCUSE in loc.
PRICE.
Crons-rcference.
Change In p. -Manhattan Island. 2997
Sec PURCHASE in luc.
PRIDE.
Absence of p. in Caesar, ^4447
Characteristic p.-E. Seymour.^4448
Concealed by humility, ^4449
Defensive p. -Samuel John8on.*4450
16HI
.■«)7H
4492
1687
4104
8810
288U
MUi'dliiiii'mn criiKK ri'li'r.'iicen.
lloastful p. DlMabnl tliii Turk. 884
vs. Challly Newturi. 43.'19
Conipi'llllDii iif p Kxli'v'i;'ni't' *)18
CoverliiK liiiiMllltj II. I ki't 8(174
DcMlructlve p. I'alacfs and e. .'1!I8
DiHslpatlon removes p.-Poe
Downfall of p. Julian.
Endeavor spurred by p.
Humiliated by proninllon.
Iluinlllation of p. reiianii'.
Industry siKirllleed to p.
Infaluatlnii of p. -James II.
Injured by Hynipatliy-W. Si'otl'n. 93
Money to gratify p. 3070
Mortllluatlou of p.-tioUlsinitli. 88ti3
.Mortllled by rlval-S, .Idlinsiin. ll.Vt
National p. aroused. -MH
Offended-I'ortralt of F.llzabetb. 1;189
vs. I'eace-Natlonal-Tliebaiis. 4005
Poverty with p. -Johnson.
Kesentraent of wounded p.
" " criticism.
Sorrowful p.-Johnson.
of Vice Cf ambling.
War, Cause of- England.
Wounded by IndltTcren.'e.
" " precedence.
SieCONCKir.
Changeless e. -Cicero's.
Foolish c.-Xerxes-Shaukle.
Literary c. -Thomas P.iiiie.
Silly c. -Xerxes-Mountain.
4.340
8012
4817
1602
887'8
;*)05
1515
1671
♦1026
♦1086
•1087
♦1028
Artistic c. of Nero. 387
Danger of (!.-Braddock"s defeat. 97
Natloiuxl (!. -English -Freneli. 4603
'• of English. 3781
Personal e. of Jefferson Davis. .3!)80
Political e. of James 11. 49.58
Removed-" Invulnerabies." .5843
Sue E(iOTlsM.
Caste e. -Young Byron. ♦1832
Characteristlo e. of .1. Adams. •1833
Contrast In o.-Cicsar and C'Ic. •is;^4
of fienlus-Ollver Goldsmith. ♦1835
Royal e.-Jaraes II, •lt!86
Outraged-Clcero's c.
2873
Rebuked by Plato.
6778
See OSTENTATION.
Merltless o.-Demaratus.
•.396,^
Oriental o.-Chosroes'.
•3964
Rebuked by Parmenio.
•.3965
Ruinous o.-Anthemiu8.
•3960
Vain 0. of Romans.
•3067
Deceptive o. -Feast, 876»
Eagerness of o. 8967
of Oreatness-Napoleon I. 8480
Military o. of Darius. 4a30
Oriental o.-Emp. Angelus. 389»
Rebuked-Barber, lOW
Royal o.-Constantlne- *06
913
PUIKST— ritoCKASTINATlON.
B«i HELFCUNCEIT.
nrai(Kart'ii.-<i -KuyMllMtlnN. Y. tli.'i
Kolly of N.-o. Itajazot (ioul. tli i
rorioiial uiajMntv of Hupor. 411
H... VANITY.
Rxo«iKlve V. DIdulutluil. *B'i i"')
KdIIjt lit V. M«<lnian. ♦S778
KdoIIhIi v.-l''iir)fii-">n. ♦S77'l
will) (iruattittiiB (^iiooD KHz. *S7T5
Itobukod •' KIneCdat." •5770
" -Ooldmiiltlrg. •t>777
" -ArtaxcrioH'. *577H
" -MotUHTatus'. ♦(17711
KUIIuillouR V. MiiriiitniMilikl. *n7H()
VUslIm of v.-.\loxiindur. •8781
of Arnbltlon-Oraiit Alfonso. iHVU
Arcliltoclural v. I'yrHiuldi). •^•)0,^
(MM-
in Kenerolence-iTohngon. ti'il
Cl«rl<ial V. liioreotliiK .Si. Soplila.801
Covured with I'aKH. .1(177
of Kartlily possonitlon. a.'179
Flatterod-C'li)trlt!8 I by KliuJi. 00
lllndranue of v. John Adamii. aH!M
HomaKe t > v. ofOiuuk empororri..5U
Ulouletlun. 20
of IIonoM-Queeti .Mary. 2011)
" Mfo Captiro kin*. 329-,>
tn Old Ako -Constantino. (5772
' -(ineon Kllzubeth. ()77.'>
I'erllciiis v.-Kinporor Julian. 307H
of l'i)pularl'y-''romwell. .J32|
I'reveul.s siKicuss TImotlious. 221.')
Robuked-13u(!klnffhaiu'a 31)01
" -UemaraMis. 89o;j
Sensitive v.-Vollalro's. 2155
Vlutlinlzod by I'oinpey. 6
See DKfNirV in loc.
PRIEST.
Mlacclliiiii'inia crnss-refcreucca.
VS. Christ- I'a I clou. 4103
of lufldellty-UobeHplerro. 4482
See I'RIKSTS.
Interference of p. Meddling. ♦4458
Mlnoi'llanomis cnLw-rcfereiices.
Haiilshed from Inland. 4117
High reirard for p.-Ferdlnnud. 1)21
Tyranny of p., Infuriating. 1310
.See CATIIOMCISM and CLKKOV
I .-I lot:
PRI.TIOOKIVITVRE.
DlsroKiirdecl in Did Testament. ♦4459
Sie IMIKKITAXCE iH l„c.
PBIIVriPLE.
Importance of p. Tax on "^ea. ^4400
PRINCIPLKS.
Mmlted p. -James II. ^4401
Weight of Independence. ♦4402
MlBcellaneou8 crossreferenccK
Dostttute of p.-T. Cranraer. 1018
Expre.s8ed by action. 818B
without Uestrainln(f-C. J. Fox. 5806
va. Sentlmt^nts- Puritans. aOS"*
See MOTIVK. OPINIONS and SIN-
CERITY in loc.
,-n 1
PHiN-riNi;.
ll>*Klniilntr III l> AlMmnan. 'Iina
l(i:iitrloiud I'uMlMhment for, *44i>l
suRpiiilon of inuitli'. ♦(4ttn
Mlieclliiiicoiiii irnm ri'firiMi(T».
Oenlui* di'Voloped in p.-ofllciv 1J831
Uppoi4ltlMii to p. Va. Colony IHIO
ITohlbllt'd In VlrKliilaby C. II. sm
Srk iiookh.
Burned by hangman. *623
Dearth of b -Kngland. ♦024
Divine b. /uudavoHta. ♦Hv'ft
Kuihanted by b. W. IrvliiK *««(.
Porbldden b. Enifland. ^027
Paaalon for li Dr. Harvey. ♦028
I'ublloatlon of b. restricted. ♦oau
Hejoetod Mllton's-C'n , etv. ♦«;«)
UellKlouA b. -Samuel Johnson. ♦0.31
I Hoarclty of b. Kunipe. *ii'i'i
\ Ambition aroused t>y b. 8208
Hoys Influenced by b. 2734
llurned AlcboralKtV li. 6970
Condemned Rule for b. 8840
Dedication of b to patrons. 498
Destruction of all d T Palno. 1027
Devil t(«sted by b.-C. Mather. 1.107
Helpful b -Wesley I.iitber. 1122
Thorough study of b. Kunyan. HI
Valuable when scarce 082
NKWSl'AI'KUS.
Colonic. 1. n., yciir 1740. ♦;)8I2
Deprecu . I by Addison. ♦3hi:!
Prim Ivc M KiiKllsb. ♦SSM
Thought directed by n. ♦SSIS
Attacks of M lgnore<l Lincoln. 1301)
Fabulous accounts in n. 1973
Want of n.-Preseivi liberty. 8287
See I'llKSS in ini;. ■
PRINON.
MiKcclluiieuus cnmn-referencoo.
Bible 111 the p. -7 Bishops. 900
Blef^singtoJ Bunyan-Study. bl
Labor In p. Kaleigh. 1139
Mismanagement In p.-Kn«;Iand.212S
Unhealthy English ji.- Id wind. 4164
PRISONER.
MlDcollui'ecius cr(i93.referen('e.s.
Associates make p., Bad. 3631
Cruelty to p.-(iarlbaldlln 8. Am.230
Happy p.-John Nelson. 4999
Home-sick p.ventnresome-Nap. 11,1
Innocent p. outrngfd-Corrab'8.1648
Noble p.-Cohimbus. 2473
Political champion p.-L'f'y'tte. 3218
Self-surrendered p.-Uonest. 2618
PRISONERS.
Cruelty to p. -England. ♦4466
'• "-"The Fleet." *4407
Enslaved-lndlan. ♦4468
Extortion from p.-" Fleet." ♦44('i9
Mlsccllaneoua cross-references.
Abuse of p. -Bridewell. 1308
" " " -Lesson of. 1990
" " " -Disease. 2863
Abused-" Ducking." 1385
Benevolenee to p. -Howard. 516
Benevolence to p.-DebtN paid.
Capture of 40,000 p. Iiy Nap.
Coiitikiiiliuttu cmli other.
Cruelly to p. CriK^lfled.
Knglrttid.
-Black Hole.
for Debt Kngland
Kiislaved-Kngllkh rr<bt>|.-i.
" KnglUh orlinlnali.
Extiirllon of fees Knglaiiu
HoiiDrt'd by Black Prli
iDhuiimnlty to p
* " " '• -"The Fleet."
" " -Knglund.
Protection of y>.-llabt<if I'diput
l(cbt>lllon of p. -Howard.
Hlaughtcr of p Bai iiiirlans.
slavery of p. by Koiiiiins.
\ (ihiiilary p Nup.'s filcnds
PRIMOMS.
of Tyrann> Frnn(;e.
h.e IMPI{|^:o\MK.\r
LoDff i.-John Bunyan.
1450
400
rrf-04
1 33 1
\:m
1.3.V1
M.-iH
&tU3
6I1M
2125
mv>
4845
4469
518)4
fill
5I8C
5IH5
715
•4170
♦2764
Hoiiorablo I Iij.icletlan's per. 813
Shameful 1. if innocent children H03
Hue OAI'TIVITY and CIinflNALS
in Inc.
PRIVAi Y.
of Convorsatli''! Lacdicnin'ns. 4171
See I Ml.AI'biN.
Safety by l.-Oennan States. '^WOO
See SOl.rirHI': m loo.
PIIIVATRKR.
I 'rons-ri'lVTetiee.
.•^uccessfui sir Francis Drake.
3009
PRIVATKERS.
Crnss-rerei' nee.
Successful p. Am. Idvolutlon. 2160
See I'lUATKS in (oo.
PRIVATIONS.
Ministerial p J. W'(^|^ley.
♦4478
See ADVERSITY. FAMINE and
POVERTY in luc.
PRIVILEGES.
Pre-eminent p. -Scotland. ^4478
Si- OProRTIMTY in (oc.
PROBLEm.
Cr'i-H-refereitoe.
DlfflcultmatlK matlcal p. 3538
See MATHE.MATICS in loc.
PROCESSION.
Funeral p. -Alexander's. ^4474
Hoyal p.-Greek emperors. ^4475
Triumphant p. -Aurcllan. ^4478
rrosK- reference.
Honors of triumph-Pompey. 5710
PROCIiAItlATION.
Cross-reference.
Memorable p. -Emancipation. 3227
PROCRASTINATION.
Fatal p. of Archlas. ^4477
Se. DELAY in (oo.
PUODKJA rrV— I'HOMl'INFNs.
on
PHUUI«4A1.ITV.
Cheeked by lnitrii<"i"H
KiiouuraRcd Kiiliti
Hw I>fSSll'AI H)N.
Plilloiopher's (I. -8. Jo)iMMon.
Yiiiithful il. E. A. I'oe.
•4-ITM
•■W70
•mn
Clerical d.-Old EiiKland. <m
" PMKhteunth century. Ml
Dcgpoiidemiy runic >vcd by d. M4I)
Ueutaloll of d.-('ttitwrlKbt. lOH.'t
Shorteim llf« "Artemiin W8rd."8a8a
Hio rKolMOATK
liof itl p.-(|iieen of 8pnln. ' iiOO
(ItTliial p.-Pope John XII. 48(»
MurrlaKcof p.-Bjron. am,'!
Sio KXTllAVAOANCK i„ l„c.
PROFANITY.
IrreprosMlble WaflhIngton'H.
Punlnhed by I'tirltiiiiB.
Rulnouii p. -French Infldels.
Suppreaakm of p.-C Wren.
♦MHO
•JlHl
♦ItMJ
*4483
l^lacelUneoiii cross-roforcncci.
Clnrlcalp.-Wm. arltngha'v. 870H
Fetnalo p.-(iu()«n Elizabeth. 7«.J
vs. Prayer-Andrew Johnnou. 4,SH7
Reproofofp. rea<Mited. 4033
Hie DLASl'IIEMY.
by Comparison to Christ. 105H
Punishable by di'nth-Maryland.4720
See SWEARINO.
Admlred-Qen. Charles 8oott. 'MSS
Reproof for s.-Jobn Bunyan. ♦5IW)
tiubstltute for profane s.
Sec UESKi'KA TION in loo.
PROirUSSIOIV.
Mlsi . IlaiiLMHia croHa-refcrtMices,
Heredity of p. In Egypt.
Indiscreet rollKloiis p.
Vain p., Cowarda-fiellmer.
Sec I'llETKNSlOX III luc.
PROFESSION S.
CroBsrefiri'iico.
Failure In p. -Goldsmith.
See EMPLOYMENTS in loc.
413
4480
1000
1208
8030
PROFITS.
EaRernoss for p. -Tobacco. *UH9
See fJAIN.
or Lose-Tlmour's demand. 'aaoa
See UrSINESS in loc.
PROFLIGACY.
Oosa-refLTences.
Abandoned to p.-Emp. Car'nus.1701
Reaction of p.- Puritans. 399
PROFLIGATE.
Royal p.-(iiioi;n of Spain. *4490
MlBceilaneoii croas-rcfcrenccs.
ClcrU ^l p.-Pope John XII. 4305
Deed of the p. surpasses the soa.SUO
Marriage of p.-Byron. 3405
See PRODIQAMTY in loc.
PROGRESS.
Checked-Famlly. ♦4491
by 1 Competition-Isaac Newton. ♦4493
" Development-Farmers. ^4493
Fnable-Syrlanx RifvptliiiiN.
lIoptiloM Polar .H«<a.
Iliirann (icrnuiny.
ItfMorud t'harU'i 1.
♦MiM
*+IM
' t4lMI
• 1 197
MIscell I iKcrciM-ri'firrhces.
Ak< of p.-ll>« to LMI OIJ
" " " -1.1th ufiitury iij
'■ " " HdforniHilon I). .Vrt 14)
«)f ri-,i||/ii(UiT) by oxporlmiMita. '.Kii,
" " llrltc.ns. OH
" " European. yi3
" " -Orooluii 9|i)
Entfland. 4'Jhv
Delayed Hi .;liil p. of ItusgUn.-i. <Mrr
DlfHinilt in flno ait. ;ii,-,
l)l80ourii«ln(f p.-Plyniiiirh ( ,1. i.vii
Expeutalli;!) oxiieediHl liiHil
i'l KnowledKU-Arl.sti'tlo. 30(1.1
l.lmltcil by lunoruncc, laol
In I.onjft \ Ity-One fourth Enif. 3'J»17
" ManufaiitiircM clocks. .•W7(
iM'inil p.-Slave-tritdc. .ViOS
by ( )bserviil !• 'U-Ousades. .'viso
OppnsBd-<. IS iJKht. 'Mm
-Post office. 4*}!.'
" Hl(jhwfty». 4414
" -Manufacture of Iron. 441.')
" -staKecoauhos sotji
Opposition to p. vain London. 890
" " " -Postal service. 4*W
" " " "liivenllon.H. aoKo
" " " -LlKllts. 303'.'
" " " -Railroad. 4010
In Philosophy Baconian. ,^0l!i
I'rt'jiidlcc aitaln.st p -Sowing m.:.'7(!."i
4739
47;w
4740
,')(1«8
1.50.-)
45;«
849
Bfl84
VIM
*1.')05
by I{ellKl(.n (Colonlzalion.
In " -"More truth."
'■ " -Mahomet,
-'low p.-Travol-Am. Colonies.
^ lolal p.-Barl)arlan8-Swlft.
" -Cities.
SprlnjfM of human p.
Siiddeu p. ill fliif ;irt.
In Travel expedltiU Konio.
" VIce-Comniodus.
See DEVELOPMENT.
Social d.-Lombard.s.
of Genius I'orlod-^ 3S97
luventlotis by d.- stoam-en(flno..'>r3'J
Perfection by d. -Paradise Lost. 4108
See IMl'KOVKMEXT
Oppo,sed-Sewiiit{machlnoH, •J76.'>
Repressed, Soc il i. -England. ♦31'60
Agricultural i. opposed.
" In Germany.
Forestalled-Conservatives,
Period of iirohlteetural I.
Prevented by legislation.
Self-lmprovement, Mental.
See INXOVAllOX.
Resented-Subjects of Peter.
1120
i.r7
11 JO
;.'.M»)
3110
8111
i7;u
♦3875
Opposed-Highways. 4'»i-;
" to l.-S. Joliiison 2511
See SELF-IMPKOVEMENT.
Related-Ark Wright- bO Tears. 1775
IHntoiiltleii In N. I. A. Lincoln. i,h7
.iiuiiiMful (J \V'a!«hliii{lon. irsH
S». HKI ' iJlM .1 .1 IIKVIVAL (.. .'.,.■.
PRUMIBITION.
Colonial 11 In \ii •ii'jM
Inclplpiil [I In N J. •I4UU
Inefftictlve |. In (Jn. •1500
Plea for p .Vm. Indians. 'VaH
Prottsclliiii by p. Colony of Ga ♦4503
Iteslsted \i Indian*. •m.'l
Mlncelliineir.i ero«K refiTein.>-K.
of Aiiiiixeinont.^ Eng. Purllmis. 333
l.'l.'iO
9M9
oei
4970
lUIII
0014
" llfggliiK by Hololi.
"Commerce Spartans.
1,1'gai () of Hllkt and uottous.
of Rum Am Ind'i.
" Wlne-Woiiien-Locrlan law.
" " -Roman women.
.'*ee I,A\V.>< iSi'iiKTuisr).
Sumptuary l.-Uomans ♦3101
♦31011
Hiimptuary I. opixtsed. .'lili^
" Dress. m\
PKO;1IISB.
O'lart-rererelice.
Forced p. of GalLeo. 5?37
PROilllSKS.
Brokin p.-(iii.'en Mary's. ♦4.-)(M
Deceptive p ic. berellcs. ♦4.'i05
Regard for p. Komans. ♦I.VM)
''rnsa-rit'i r'Mu'e.
Refused by c'andldate Joffern ii
See CuV'KNAN I' ■ dc.
roi
PROmOTlOiN.
Earned-Oeneral tiiaiit. *tr*yr
JocoN.! p.-Nap(]|eon. ♦4.')08
Loss by p.-.Satiirnlnus. ♦4.'509
DfTenslve p. -Senators. ♦4,M0
Providential i> (Jueen Ellz. ^4511
Refiarkablo p Cromwell. ♦4513
Uui xpected p., Cromwell's. ♦4513
Mlacell.iiifona eroas-rcferencea.
Alarming Pertlimx-not Death. IW
Changed by p.-Archbp. Becket. 883
Deserved p.-L«niies at Lodl. ftW
Disgraceful p., Jeffreys'. 3888
I'allurt) by p. -Soldiers. COOO
by llonesty-Pompey. 3C0O
" Knowledge-J. Sparks. 3094
" Merit-not ancestry. .'J593
" " Sai'on chiefs. 3594
without Merit-Justinian II. I!«il
Neglocted-RescJiteil. 4799
Peculiar p. -Cook chief pnglne'r.l339
Resented by hissing. 1.564
itiilned liy p.-Young Carlnus. 1701
Shameful p. by dlxgraee. 1111
Undeserved p. of an adv'nfrrV.494
" " favorite". 3110
See PUE-EMIXKNCE ami OKFICE
ill loc.
PROinPTiVKSS.
Success by p. -Charles X 1 1. ♦^^M
MIscellaneoua croasrefereiicea.
Necessary-Evildoers. 1880
Preparation forp. -Minute-men. 5881
iiU
H».. rt'Nf-TUALITV.
('hart<'t«rl«tlu p. .1. (|. Adam*. 4tm
h(... KNKIlltV inlor.
picoor.
uf lioud liittititloM* ( 'luupatra. ''tnia
Mli>c«llniii'<>ii« oniM refureiii'ci
I)«iiiitM<l>'il of ilivlnlty.
of Uiilluloii CiiiiNtuntlnu'M.
HopliNtli'iil |> Kltliiw nIiIu.
FIIOPKHTV.
ConiinrTuMHtn of p.
Ilernillittry p.-KomatiN.
ownurNblp of p. rroiluottuu.
Tltlt)!! to p. rrv»'r»«!(l.
Tyranny of p. CoinriiutiUiu.
WruuRH of p.-Kii({llMh luw.
10111
firas
♦IM(I
Nftl7
•4518
♦inio
•«(W0
♦4syi
Mhrrllimi'miN cTDun rt'fi'ri'iicei*.
lM8trlt)iitiMl l>y luxury. SKWi
Dlstrllmtlun of p. liemiatH. iWi^i
(tovHi'MUii'iil for p.-UriKluixl. 'i>^>l
lloiirilucl tiiid >>(|uuiidt)rod-0. p. '.tn
lu.^tocurlty of p. Koiiii.s. iJOll
Loss of p. by Sir Walter Scott. 01
VH. I'lilldreu-S. VVcaloy.llO
Lost by drink. 3Ui:)
(^uarruls for p., I'arally. S''.U
Sa<Tlllco of p.. I'atrlutlu. 4U*!II
40(17
Value flhaiiKod-New York. 57(H(
Wife bi'(|utMilhed iis p. SUU,''!
of Wife for her hUHband. .'HUri
Wronjjod of p.. Widow. 4.Vil
Sc.' CDM.MUMS.M.
American c.-ColonlHls. ♦0U8
Eqallty by c.-Lycur({U8. ♦UltU
-.Spartans. ♦1000
Vicloui c.-Kelifuof Kobad. *1001
of Famllles-SpartauH. 808
in Kood-Araurlcan savages. aW9
•' Land by oarly Uomans. 15^
lieatoratlon of c.-Oleomenes. 244.')
.See C'O.M.MU.MSTS.
i'onsplcuoust'.-" LevolltTS." 'lOO",'
Dangerous " " 'lOOa
In Dlot-Spartan tables. 2182
Pleasure-seeking c. -England. Xias
Power of c. -Paris. 1S7(J
Sue LAND.
Divlslonof 1., Bfufllclal. *312(i
Ownership of l.-Kngland. *3ia7
Unimproved 1. -England. ♦3ia8
Mmlted to seven acres for a. 158
Monopoly in 1. imperils the state. 152
of 1. abolished. 3091
" -Plymouth Colony. 3097
Poverty with l.-Unlted States. 4345
Title of 1., Dlsputed-Indlans. 4331
See LANDS.
Hereditary 1. -Roman. *3ia9
See MONEY and WEALTH
ill loc.
PROPHECIES.
Sustained, Scripture p.-Jews. •4522
PROPHECY.
False p.-Empires. ♦4523
ITnoonsclons p.-Vlrgil. ♦4534
I'ltOOK— I'HOTKCTOU.
MI<c«IImii<iiii ctoMtehnncvt,
of America'* futuri) I.afayrttc. 210
Ni.irmont. 212
KiotitiouKp. coMfuxiiiitor <'. ma
H.i. I'llKMu.MTIu.N,
Ai'cldintal p < harluiL *4419
of Uuuth charh'S V. *442i>
" -Llnooln'i. ♦1421
♦4422
PIIOPIIKT.
KaUe p. PetiT the Ilcrii I. 2000
PHOPHETN.
tirtuit p., The b'our.
♦4825
Mlnc'i'llunt'iiu* ertittn rt'tertntti.
False p. -Ltivollers. 1008
" " -Itofornuitlon. 2088
Hi'B I'KKDHTION.'*.
Kdltorlal p. Civil War. ♦4400
Parental p. for Peter Cooper. ♦1107
Uoallzed-New York. ♦4408
Augury-HlrdN llulldlng Home. 390
of ilHukrupti^y National. 451
Kcpdvoual p. Dclphlo omcl' 39IH
Foolish p. ■!. Drydcn. 50-19
Fulfllled-.I. Fitch Steainboatii. 2;iO0
Oraoular-Ncro to kill hIsMiothor.IlM)
-SyMaUrlns of gov't. 495
Political p. -Am. U(ivolutli>n. 1.599
Popular political p., False. 1985
Uealized Diffusion of the Illble. 578
PROPRIETOR.
Nominal p. (iecrgo 1. ^4520
PROPRIETORS.
Bondage of p. Peruvians. ♦isa"
Sec I'KOI'KIM'Y 1)1 lor.
PROPRIETY.
( 'rosM rt-t'iTi'Moe.
Innorod-Mliilsteilul. 1737
See DKCOIU'M.
in Debate American Indians. ♦1483
Ministerial d. S. Johnson. ♦1484
.See DKiNlTV mid MoDK.STY
in in,-.
PROSECl-TION.
( 'ruSH-refrreliee.
Malicious p.- Unsuccessful. 3203
PROSELYTE.
CroHH-ri' iTt'iiee.
Conciliated by relaxation of d. 889
PROSELYTES.
dniMrt-refereiices.
Zeal for p., Monks'. 3683
See (.'ONVKKT in loo.
PROSPECTS.
('r(>s*s-refereiice.
Enjoyable p.-ScotlHiid. 1228
SecFUTUKK in Inc.
PROSPERITY.
Children bring p.-Arabs. ^4538
Dangers of p.-Phlllp. ♦4529
Destructive to Christianity. ♦4530
by Government-Rtenzi. •'«531
Springs of p. -Desire. ♦4533
Mlio*ll»nMUi •row-rtlWrtoMi.
Agn of national p Homan. IMII
Changed, National p Mudd«nly..'K)HI
Deonptlve p. " All Is well" 59rpl
KhdanRiirii thu church Kngland.MM
National p. by commente. 9TM
Iron Kngland. 2998
Spoiled by p.-Pi/./.aro. lOOH
SMniulatud by necesHlty Dutch. 9IM
See I'oi'ri.Aiirrv, uiciikh uili
SCCCKSS III lor.
PHONTITUTK.
Distinguished p. Tlieo<torn. ♦4.M:)
Mlneelliiiieiiiiit itiihii referencail.
Kxpensivo p. (harlns II. 0089
Honored p. Empress Theodora. 3101
" " (loddess of Iteason. I02t
Power of p.. Political LouUXV.OiCT
' -Pompadour. 8<i80
Rule of p. Poppu'a. 4378
PRONTITVTEM.
MIxeelhiiteoiiK eniNH-refercncuti.
Drens of p., Luxurious. 4011
Rule of p. Papal (^lalr. 3980
Wives made p.. (lothlc. 1<200
See Col'llTKSAN unit LICKN-
TI()l'SNKS.4<)i;«(.
PROTECTION.
of Industry clHshlng. ♦IM'I
" Manufacturers- England. *i:M
by Secrecy Athanaslus. ♦4.''>;ttl
for the Weak Oeorgla. ♦4687
Mlncelliinemm eniim-referencen.
by Armor-Uattle of Ilrennoville.401
Illble p. -John Knox-Queen M. 581
by Charms-Numa. 783
-"Agnus Del." 783
" Cllmate-Ethiophins. 960
Costly and futiUi -Chinese wall. 295
Divine p. of (loo. Washington. 3274
" " sought. 3718
Feel)le p.-MlIes Standlsh-0 Men. 313
Hurtful p. of property by 11. 701
Impartial p. of chlldren-Dustln. 117
Ineffective-Arrows at Hastings. 301
National p. made necessary-C. 172
of Peace-Am. Ind.'s peace plpe.4092
" Provldence-Wm. P. of O. 4,').V)
See I'KESKUVATION.
Remarkable p. of Mahomet. 1023
Requirement for p.-C'mm'n'sts.l003
Strange p. of Romo-deoso. WHJl
See nKFlKlE.
Sanctuary for r.-15th century. ♦4059
Secured in America ^4600
Failure of r. Earthquake-Lisbon. 731
in Prayer from adversity-G W. 4383
" -A. J. 4;i87
Temple of r.-Foundlngof Rome. 387
See DEFENCE inluc.
PROTECTOR.
Needed-Protestants. ♦J.'as
Strong p. -Cromwell. ♦45.39
MlsccllunenuB cross-references.
Motto of p.-" I will maintain." 1506
Safety by p.-Anglo-Saxons. 4080
of Protestants-Cromwell. 4642
I'|{< rVVA T< »1{S-I'r N IHII M KM'
PUOTKC-rOIIH.
Vaiitii t> I IK liiiliii'il lliiiiN 171
FICOTKNT.
Uiihiikxil f'lr |> I niiHliiiilliKv INWt
PHOTKNTANTINiTI.
Ailvaiii'" of r. Kriiiii'i' ♦•IWO
Overthrow of I' lliiKuriiota. *4tH\
I'rutuoturaor r. KiiKltiili H. NMU
MUcrlluniuin rrfiuriiri'ronoi'K.
Ikiiiflllclnl to Kiijj. vn. CallrildtNin T'lA
rhiiinploii of l>. Croniwiill. Hli'.'l
cliiiinploiiH uKiiliiNt I*. JuMulta. ''tiNU)
Clitickttd by .li'MiiltN. ;)0I7
KxpiiMnii for I'. HHIO
Utijuctttit III (lentil hy Charloit II. IM
MuppreNxliiii of I'. Ill Iri'liiiid. 8lij
PHOTKNTANTN.
Hluotryof iv Kx.i'iloiiof Mary N.(WI>
iilemlslii'd liy p<TMti<iiitorM. ItiUI
Clmmplon of I*. Win. I*, of o. in*)n
Docelvuilby Clmrli'M II. WW
Dureiulttrof r.-Cromwtill. 4Ml)
IntoUtruncoof P. Kiin. StHl.'l
Poriiuoutf (1 by ( 'uthn. In Iruland.tiyio
" " AU)I({<>T1H»)». .||'."l
" " ChUIb Irtdaiul. lll.'>
.|i;w
" " ^'^l^ce. 4lli»
I'erseoutlon of V.
vs. Protootunts-Dutch.
Terrlflod I)t(fiMi(,'ol<,'Hs Irolund. .'WOO
Uuprotucted by law-Irulund. .•)ir)l
PROTKMTATION.
Absurd 'I'Imimr. *.1M.'I
4lii\
t
una
(1
4131
11 Scotlnnd
'ti.'m
** Kniiico.
III)
1 ti
•1115
tch.
8(l7fl
PROTI<:STATIOIV!«.
Churucterlstlc-Celt.s.
PHOVIDKIV<'l«.
Dellveniiicd by p.-Columbiis.
DellverlDK |>. -NHtioTial.
Detention of p. t'roniwoll.
UlreotlnK p.-IMlKrlniH to N. E.
Disposed of p.-l'llffriuis.
Olfts of p.-Socruto8.
In HlHlory Wm. P. of Ornnue.
" " -I'lyiuoulli Colony.
National p.-KnKliind.
OverruUnt; p. .Missions.
Protectlntf p.-Wiii. I' of O.
Special p. -.Minor saved.
iSubmisslon to p. -Socrates.
Trust in p.-Wni. P. of Orange,
" " " -A. Lincoln's.
Vindication of p.- Persecution
••l.vil
♦1.^15
♦•l5-(fl
•1547
*1.M8
*l.>t9
*\rM
'■15.')1
♦-l.Wi
*4r)r)4
♦45.^5
♦45.'J0
*45.57
,*15.5S
*4.5.MI
.♦IStJi)
In lINtory of Ami^rlca. WH
ilitinei II. 4Sai
New Kniland 4.WJ
" " " " New Kruiit-B." ;r;H7
Pliri^liann of I^. .'llW!!
" " " Mpiiiilub warn. mcj
ImprvMiilvu p. Ill opt'iiliiK of Am Ull
liitlmailoiiHof p Am l{i'pul>IU'.i;s.'i
III InvtiiitluiiN Watt and A. vR)h;
MlN.|iidK<>d-('alamlly Sin. ;I7»7
Nailonal p. Domain of Texait. t.M7
Olxtdli'ticd to p Cromwell. I;ih;i
OrderlliKH of p. N. IIoumIhii. .'I'.'.M
UocoKiil/.ed by Kll/.alielli. 4SII
Sii. HKSTI.W. K.\TKiiiiil linn
I.I /(»■.
PROVO<'4TIO:>.
DaiiKeroiis p. Ilfbi'lllon. 7X1
>.■.. i;.\Asn;uArii)N.
ItaMhnuHK of u.-KtImn Allen. *IU(I7
Calmness provoki's «. .Hoeratex. 7iiO
by Inliiiinanlty Sepoys. .1HI7
In Misfortune feaii'd. it;t)7
Sim. UKsKN I MKNT in luc.
PIIOWKNN.
Military p ll.llyiirliH. •■1801
si'M itit.\vi:ia !n ;,„•.
PICOXV.
CruHS ift'tTf run-.
IiiHuniolent Aiiu'iixiiM ini
Sec UKI'ltK.'^KNTATIVK. I
Piinlslied 111 r.~Klnt(of BnK. *477.'t j
Kfllcleiiey by means of r. .'Ih;;:)
PiTsonallty lost In r. till
I Silent r. A. .lackson-ConKress, .'ilU.J
Sci' .KniSTITI'TK 111 /,(,•,
PUt»i':iv<'K.
MJHct'lhiru Mils crnHHrcturoiiccrt.
LouRevlty by p. Locke,
vs. I,()ve-.\(jesllaus.
Military p. felt, not seen.
S..' i'i).NSl':ilVATI.><M
Cured-Peter the Oreat.
I)Hn;,'ers of e. Dr. Arnold.
Described Uobert Cecil.
K.tcesslve c. Keitfn of Chas.n.*ia'r
Foolish e.-.\ntl progressive. *\l'M
Non-progressive e.- Duke of N.*ll;."J
" "Mines Knt{*Ii;!l
Opposition of c. to police. ♦ll.'lO
Political c. -Lord Halifax. ♦li:w
PUMIIilNT.
rr<'M r<'ri*rt*hi-i>.
Amateur p Pulmeraton
in:.
riii
.•i.Hll
ii;!):i
1 1 ','4
irr>
ii'jii
of Capital-Uomans. 7()U
characteristic c. Halifax. .'■)717
of the Cliun'h I'resumed-.Ias. II.H.'iV
Mlscellancou.s croMB-relVrenom.
Angry p. -Death by llKhtnlnif. 3299
Deliverance by p. -Dream. 1Ti4
Delivering p. -Wesley from fire. 119
Dependence upon p.-Llncoln. 4380
Facilities of p.-(;out of BaJazet.flU
Faith In p.-Latlmer. 6147
Great men come by p. 3581
Impossible-Man or mouse.
Opposition of c, Light,
of Property-owners.
" Pulpit, Political c.
Huinous c.-Monmouth.
See CAUt; in toe.
PRIJDKHY.
<;r4irt:^rt'I'ereiict'.
Puritanic p. -Statuary.
S.-u MODKSTY in toe.
PURIiI»SHKRS.
Mlsei'Uarii'ims crnMS-refurt'iioys.
Mistakes of p. -Hooks rejected.
Kestralned liy EnRllsh law.
Ste DDOK.S ami I'KEiSS m loc.
4.510
4."«W
lais
330
6.30
6-^
PIINI'TIALITV.
rr-'B* ri'fi-rt- lici*.
Long chHraetrrlxlii' p, (^iilney. 4:ihH
^.•■ I'miMI'TM'.MM ,n /...•.
PI NINII.^KI^T.
Capital p I'iiiglMi I'otlc. •i.vi-l
lii'Hcrvi'd I'lliis (lull's. •|,M),-,
" Moiir/oiitle. •l.MUl
Kffectlve p. Prompt. •4.'i«',
Kxcesslve p.- Kd Kloyd. •46tiN
lliefrectlve p. Capllal Kng. *l.'i<i9
of Innocent china. *IA;o
-children. •1671
In Kind 'I'lieMeiis. *t.'i7'j
Parental p l.ullmr. ♦4.173
Partlalliylnp Komans. •4,174
Itetallatlon In p Visigoths. *4.17n
Uiile of p. KoinaiiM. *4A76
Severe p. necessary. *4.177
Severity In p. .Siiri'llilH. ♦4.17H
Terrible p. by vipers. •iri79
Mim-i'llant'ou'* rr<'i*H ri'ft'rfMn-»'i*.
of Adulterer Kxlle.
" Adultery, Severe p.
" .\varlee crtissus.
for Iteggiiig Kngland.
by llolllng to death'PoUon.
Itriilal p. Fraiire.
by Cats 'rorliire.
" Conteiiipt Impostor,
of Cowards Lacedii'monlanH.
by < 'ruclllxion, Modern p. India.
Cruelty In p. of Andronlciis.
Dally p. of slaves.
Delight In p. -old Kngland.
Deserved Iml iiiKapplicd.
" p. Ilaiid In ilames.
by Disgrace llariel.
II II II
Disgraceful p. bravely met.
Kxeessive p. Laws of l)ra(U).
I''i<!titious p.-l)e(;eptioii.
I'reaks for p. Cailitula.
Hasteni'd by omit tlni; trial.
Horrifying executlon-Kebels.
II ,> II
III iM'oi)ortlonod p.-Quakers.
Ineffectual p. for idleness.
In Kind " fiold down throat."
" " -Kosamoiid.
Merciless i). of adulterer,
by MutllatUm Scots
of Parriclde-Uomans.
" Perjury Romans Death.
Petulant p. -Komans.
Pitiless p. -Kngland.
Posthumous p.'Hody burntHl.
Post-mortem p. -Corpse.
II II II
of Poverty-England.
41 II II
" Rebels-Quartered.
Ueformatory p.-Lycurgus.
of llepresentatlves-Klng.
by Retaliation-Arson.
Satisfaction In p.-'" Hand."
Ill
3 1 IK I
4:1 1
I.l'l'.l
■1M(KI
K'HO
1331
1.3,-)7
1.3im
•M'A)
I(i-I7
174.'i
p-'i-i
31. Ml
arsi
i;iv,>
WU)
4U3I
Sfv'W
5(J->
126.'.
12i«
!Wtl3
5791
4(X)7
41 12
l.HI)
572
4850
4t;.51
<i.!3tl
4351
1345
32r,l
4773
2772
1240
w
<jn;
PUKCHASE— liAMK.
of Seducer, Terrible p.
Severe p. of be^Kars.
" "-Lawu of Egypt.
In HubsHtutes- Pirates,
by Torttire-EiiRlish In Scot.
" " -Otirihaldi.
Unmerolfnl p.-lliirnlnK.
Vengeanco lii p. James 11.
by Vipers.
Tor Witcl.oraft-Salem.
" -England.
Withheld by Keiitleness.
.Sec CIIAS-riSKMENT.
of Children-Scourge.
8075
2703
3100
laio
v.m
vm
4570
0025
0020
0088
0027
mm
♦784
nuralllatlnKC (ioldsmlth's. 200't
Ineffective c.-Young VV. 1068
Moral effect of e. -Salem witch. 8-15
Jlorallty Improved bye. 3711
Passionate c. deplored. 4019
Sec HELL.
Necessary-Prest. A. Jackson. *2547
Temporary h.-Mohammedan. *2548
142;^
Fear of h. -Samuel Johnson.
See fUKOATOHY.
Compensations of p.-Mohai... *4.'')80
Mohammedan p.-Punlshment.*4581
Belief In p.-Anetent Persians. 22.'J9
Mohammedan p. -Seven hells. 25-18
See UEPROACII.
Escape from r.-Napcloon I. '4777
Gentle r.-.\naxaKoras. *4778
309
072
913
215
12.38
1119
4031
Aroused by r.-Brutus.
Bribery of Demosthenes.
Desperation from r.-Valens.
Irritating r.- Johnson by Miss S-
Life saved in r.
Mutual r.-James II.
Nobly received-Alexander,
for Pusillanimity Justinian. 1238
See mSOKACE, EXEC'UTION,
PENALTY, I RIS()\ and
KEVEN(iE in loc.
I'lIRCHASE.
Aggravating p. of own corn. 2000
Defeated-Arbitrar7-I,ouisXIV.a7a')
See BUSINESS in loc.
PrRGATORY.
Compensations of p.-Moham. *4.580
Mohammedan p.-Punishment.*4581
Miscellaneous cross-references,
Belief In p. -Ancient Persians.
Mohammedan p. -Seven hells.
See HELL.
Necessary-Prest. A. Jackson.
Temporary h.-Mohammedan.
2259
2548
♦3.547
♦2548
Fear of h.-Samuel Johnson. 1423
PURITAN.
Description of thop.-Kngland.^4582
PlTRITANISm.
vs. Chivalry-New Kngland. *4.583
Peculiarities of p.- England. ♦l.'iW
PURITANS.
Despised by Inferiors.
•4.')h5
MI»cellHneiiii8 cross-references.
Antipathy to fine arts. 330
vs. Aristocraey-Knglaiid. 303
Character of the P., (Jraud. 4731
ChrlHtuias ffsllvlties changed. 851
Church attendance req'Ir'd by P.a^S
Peculiarities of the P. 4732
Preachers, Lay-English. 439(;
Reaction against P. 5802
Uldlculeof P.-England. 1117
Representative P.-O. < Tomwell. 907
Scruples of P -Arts. 1114
PURITY.
Sentimental p. Edward III.
♦4580
Misccll.incoiis criissreferences.
Bravery of p. -Joan of Ai'c. 1727
liellgion of p., Persian. 4170
See CHASTITY,
and Civilization opposed. ^785
Invincible e.-U. Gen. Bellsarlus.*T80
Uare-Itoman maidens. *787
by Coercion-Matilda. 5802
Ignored by Spartans-Ruin. 01,37
See CLEANLINE.SS.
Mission forc.-Cath. Wilkinson. 531
Soap rebellion Women. 0131
See roNSEi'lvATION in lof.
<iUA<'KERY.
Experiment in fj.-Cato. ♦4,187
Superstitious q.- King's touch. ^4588
QUAKERS.
MIscellaneijiis cross- references.
Benevolence of Engllch Q. 5191
Excellence of (i.-G. Fox. .5749
Honesty of q,. diary. 260-J
Non-resistance of Q. 3823
Persecution of Q.-Mass. •'129
41.35
Society of i^. preferred. 2003
Unity of O, In sentiments. .5730
QUALIFICATION.
Deficient q. Philip. ♦4,'j89
See AlilLlTIES in loc.
QUAI.ITY.
More than quantity-War.
Tested by swords.
♦4590
♦4,591
♦4692
MiscelLineous cross- referenct-s.
More than numbers-War. .3831
.3g32
" " " -(^'romwell 311
Selected for q.~Magl. 38.33
.Vanting In q. -Men-War. ,38-13
See CHAK.VCTER in ioo.
QUARRKL.
Conjugal q. -Count Rumford. ♦4593
Degrading q., John Milton's. ♦1594
Needle.Hs q. Duel. ^4595
Provoked-Samuel John.son. ♦4.590
Shameful q.-Frederick II. ^4597
Mlscelliineous cross-re ferenecs.
Brawl, Destiny by. 27
Magnanimity .settles q. 2199
Pretext for q. -Romans. 428
Sliameful q. -Queen of Spain. .'1125
QUARRELS.
Misceliuric'iUs eross-refereiiccs.
Amusements bring q. 2019
Characterlstlo q. -Germans. 1H97
Fraternal q.. Disgraceful. 2.39
for Precedence-Ambassadors. 139'.)
" " -Greeks. -lioo
I'sofid boyish q. 1T9
Sec CONTENTION ami STUIEK
'■(I Inc.
QUESTIONS.
Test q., Alexander's. *4.')!18
Unanswered-Slmonldes. ♦i.Mi'j
.See I'Koni.K.M.
DIflloult mathematical p. i.'i'l2
HA€K.
Antipathy of r.-lrl.sh. *4000
Dislike of '.-.-Scotch. *4001
for Life-Prisoner. *4«02
Pride in r.-S. Johnson. '4003
Rldicul3d-Scot8 by Johnson. ♦4(X)4
213
4l'.l-l
2ot;n
4fioe
970
Miseelluiieciis cross-refereiioos.
Antli)Rthy of Irish In Ireland.
Despised-Irlsh by British.
Effeminate r.-Egyptian.
Hatred of r., Irish.
RACE (Contest).
Miscellaneous cross-references,
for Life, A r.
Roman-Blua and Green.
RACES.
Amalgamatlc I of r.-England. *4tj05
Inequality of r.-Celts-Saxons.* HlOiV
Miscellaneous cross-rcfcrenco-i.
Diversity of r.-Eng. vs. Dutch. 41i!(i
Enmity of r.-Old England. 1900
Jealousy of r.-French-Irlsh. 1221
See AUCESTKY and MAN in he.
RAID.
'•iuccessfu! r.-Stoneman's.
RAILWAY.
First English r.
Slow r.-Flrst English.
♦4li(i7
♦4008
*I009
MisoelUneous crossre-fercncc-t.
Direct r.-Russian. IWH
Great Pacific R. R l^Kll
Politics harmonized by r. 29."7
RAILWAYS.
Underestimated by Prllam'nt.*4610
Cror-s-referencos.
Important to the State. SvS.ss
Need of r. Illustrated. 082
RAIItlENT.
Restricted by Zaieucus. *4011
See CLOTHES in. loo.
RANK.
Plea for social r. by Johnson. *4GVi
SeeCA.STEand DISTINCTION
in loc.
S7
■J199
438
. .M35
aoiH
10!)7
■3. 4311'.)
4100
irii
,IFK
•UiOO
*4()0I
*4tJ0'J
''4(iO:!
*4(i04
21.!
4I',M
4fi(W
'.(TO
liX)l
sn57
RAIVSOOT.
Paternal r. Jt'5000.
WlllliiK r.-Klchiird II.
♦iai4
Misci'llunuu'ig cr(js(4.r(;f).'r(!m:i'.s.
Iiiimoiise r. of Darius forqueoii. IHO
fora '""-Aliirlc. 1145
Prioi) r.-I,i)ula IX. ::,M
I'ri)dl«al r. explained. T,V5
.-ioc DKMVIOKAXCK in /ut.
RAPACIITY.
IJoyal r. of llonry III. »4(iir)
Soo CO\'KI'()rsNESS ill Inc.
RAPE.
Attempted i'.-.,'i)ati of Arc.
MC16
Ml»oulI:UK'(iMS crdssri ''iTuikx'S.
by .Stratasom-Vakintinlan. *,>rO
VeuKoance for r.-Calherlne. 5780
Victim of r. by soldiers. 011.3
War caused by r. 5910
RAPT l> RE.
Cross-rcfcreii':!'.
of Martyrs-Soots-Irou boots. 2008
See K(;STASV.
liellKious e. Jolin Bunyan. ♦irUH
RAKC'AIilTV.
Crd.srt-rofereiico.
<.'enius for r.-Sir .lames BagRO. 5U'3
tSee VILLAINY.
lie >7ard of v.-Titus Outes. *5831
.•<ie DLSIU)NE.STY and IMPU-
DENCE in luc.
RASHNESS.
Misccllani'ous eross-refereiicca.
Apparent r. -Youii? -.lex.ridos B. C
Childish r.-Frederlck II.
of E.Kaspora'ion-E. Allen,
ill (ioiieralshlj) Hood.
" Love for woman.
Perilous r.-Boetblus.
Provoked to r. -Valens.
.^eo IIEEDLK.SSNESS.
]a)S? by b., Goldsmith's.
.Marmins political h.
See i.Ml'KUDENf.'E.
l-'haracteristio i. -Goldsmith.
See RECKLESSNESS,
of Despciration-Napoleon-Lodi
Example of r.-Napoleon.
of Necessity- William II.
See RISK.
Assumed by Alex 's physician.
See VENTURE.
Instructive v. of Franks. *
lOGV
.3175
347G
3231
'J13
♦2510
3780
4455
. 848
047
041)
lO'S
5795
Herolc-Sberman's march to the s.70
See I)AN(iER in loc.
REACTION.
from Excess-Per.secution. ♦4617
Moral r, -Uostoration of C. If. ^4018
" " -Puritanism to slu. ♦4619
Miscellaneous cros.s-refercnces.
of Anger-Peter th' Great. 5091
" -Alexander. 1744
" Assassinatlon-Cajsar's. 4316
" C'ruel legislation-Ireland. 4118
" Cruelty-Nero's persecution. 1.358
KAN8().M — IJKCANTATlo.X.
of Excess- English revolution. 1909
" ExtravaKanoe-Exampleof C. 397
Governnumtalr.-" Stamp Act. "21 is
of Injustice Rocket vs. II. II. Oil.-)
" Insult IJcbelllon. 29iK)
against I,:tl)or-Probus's soldiers, 310
Natural r. Clcunllticss-'tVatts. 917
of Opposition KcHkIous. 39.3.1
" Oppro.';iion Liberty. 3229
" Persecution liui'on Mary's. 413(1
" " 'oan's death. 4137
" " -Puritan's. u:\h
Piety by r. of sins. (180
Political r.-Van Buren's Admin. .')!
" "-Harmful. :j.")l7
of Popularity-Lafayette. 4318
" Prejudioe-Eiif,'. Medi. IIIO
" Public opinion -fa vallers-P. 399
Ueliglon by r. -James 1 1. 0222
Social r. against Puritans. 3o:!
i.'nexpocted r.-.Iames II. 3!5
Vice by r. of disctlpllnc .^8(l2
.Sec RESENTMENT ar.il KKVi:N(iE
in /...■.
HEADIN4J.
Effects of r.-Lincoln. *4020
017
C'rciss-refereiiee.
Fascination of Dr. Harvey.
See BOOKS in loo.
028
READINtii-ROOlTIS.
Necessary-Nap. I. *4G21
RE A LIT V.
Povyer in r. -Cromwell.
Cross-referorice,
\s. Sbams-O. Cromwell.
See TRU'i'M ,n I.k.
reali,^;ation.
Joys of r.-t'olunihus.
REASON.
Worship of r.-Fr. Kev.
*4022
127
♦4023
♦i021
MiscellaiiL ju.s crnss-refercT'oea.
VS. Experieuce-S'.callnf?. 298
Goddess of r. vs. Faith. 2370
and Keligion-All ages. 1512
RE.4SO\IN«.
rross-retereliees.
Abandoned for action. 1480
by Analo{,'y-8. Johnson. 080
Sei' ARIil'.MENT.
Possiblo-Stealliit; defended-J. *298
Heserved a. -Violence-Johnscn.^299
I'soless a. of James II. to c. *3(K)
Abandoned for resentment,
by Abuse-S. Johnson.
Deceptive-Sophists.
Declined by obstinacy.
Possible against art.
Powerless with bigots.
Readiness in a. -Sophists.
Trained in use of a.-Homans.
Useless- Johnson.
" with James II.
See DEBATE.
Personality in d.-S. Johnson.
2010
2904
2283
.3049
3793
2721
5733
1857
3825
3853
'1457
See DISC USSR )X.
Agreement In d. nee'ss'ry-C. II.3U11
Candor in d., Ecclesiastical. 7(I5
Importance of d. -Stamp Act. 3194
Itepressed by gov't Religions. Ki
Suppressed- AutliDrs punished. 2010
See DISCUSSIONS.
Foolish d.-P(^riclcs-"Dead h." 2170
liilirotltabic, Verbal d. Stoics. 1294
REHELMON.
Constructive r. -.Maxiinillan. '4025
I'revented r. Scot land. ♦4(]2tl
Small r.-fthodi' I.-land. *4027
Soap r.-England. ♦1028
Whiskey r.-Pennsylv;i]jl.i. *li;29
Miserllaiieoii-* erns.s-ri-f. Tellers.
of Army against bad food. ]!io3
Catholic r. in .Miirylaml. .5012
Causes of r.-Contcdera<'y. ,"i,8S8
Disgrace from r. -Clarendon. l.-j;i7
For'jed to r.-Parl by James II. 3853
Forfeiture of (i. by rebellion. 439
Hostility to r.- Pimipey 377
Incipient r.-Am. Revolution. .3,525
" " -Boston Tea Party. .•i.520
from Insult-Persians. 2900
Sin of r. taught. 3821
of Slaves-Romans. 5200
Soap r.-Women. 0131
against Tyranny-Jactincrlc. .5737
Vengeance after r, -Peter. 2s75
See DISI.UVAI.IV i., l,„\
REHELS.
Pnnishcil with Moiiniouih. *4i;.30
" " Tcnuigln. *40;M
^liseellaneuua crc.ss-refereriees.
Denounced as r., P'alscly-lnd's. 4.331
Punishment of r. -Henry \'1I1. i:;i5
REBUKE.
(ientlo r. by Cicsar. * 11132
Mi.seeilaiieoii.s crn^srefi-rene
of Adulation by James I.
01
' Assuiuption-Iip. Coke.
2rs7
" " -Buckiiighain'
s. 3!»04
-Demaratus.
.•!903
Honest r.-Arlstides.
4374
of Ostentation- Barber.
lOo;-
Patriotic r. John ICliot.
:/ln4
Savage r.-Frcd. the (ireat.
17,2
of Vanity " Fine Coat."
5770
" " -Ciildsinilb's.
5777
" " -Dionysius.
5778
" " -Monecrates.
5779
Wi'hdrawn-Reward.
1895
See RKI'KIMAND.
Fictitious r. -Lafayette.
♦4774
of Kindness-John-'on.
♦4775
.'^ec RKI'ROOF.
Meekness in r.-Dr. Taylor.
♦4779
Undeserved r.-Dr. Arnold.
♦4780
Undisturbed by r.-<f. Wash,
•17S1
Death by r., Tetzel's. ]ss8
Desired-Good Emp. Julian. .521,0
Sagacious r., Wife's. 4881
RECANTATION.
Impossible -Martin Luther. +4033
918
KKCKLKSSNHSS— HHI.A'I IVES.
Mlsccllnneoim croBs-ri'loroiiocn.
Formal r.-Unreal-Uallloo. Mar
Kefused-Lullier. l()«a
" by Hooper. 1238
Kopeatcd (! tlmus-Hp. C'ranmoi'.l'JJ!)
See KKTUACTIOX in loc.
RECK£.E8S!VKSS.
Mlsceli.iiicipUH (.•rii.iH-rftVrenci'rt.
of Pesporatfon-Napoloon-Lodl. 64H
Example < f r. -Napoleon. 0-17
of Necessity \Vm. II. (i4<J
Scf UASir.VKSS in he.
KKCOUNITIOIV.
Kequlrcd.uniclal r,-\\"8hrKt'ii.*l(»l
Crdri^-i efiTenoe,
of Deceased friends. 1398
RBCOmPKNSK.
Honorable r. for loss Liiiooln. ♦4035
Cross-rt'ftTciUH'.
Personal r., not by proxy. 101
See UErilLSAI^ ami KEWAUD in («. .
RECONCILIATION.
Miscell:iii.'i.urt crt>MS-rffi'n.' net's.
by Explanation-Wra. and Maiy I'.yl
Impi)8iil)lo James H. and Pari 3853
Independeuoo better than r. 391^
One-sided v.-Virij>lara. 53fil
( pportuiiity for •. lost- J. II. 39iC
Saorifiee for r.-I,ifo. 14;>7
Supcrfieial r.-()rl(!aiis and B. 2095
" -DyiiiK Kred. II. 2202
See CONCIMATIO.V.
by Favors-Anne of Austria. *1030
Policy of c, Cie-iar's. *1031
vs. Threatenluff-Offisar. *1033
One-sided c.-Loril llowc. 'i'.i^o
" " "-(Jen. I'utterson. 3991
Sre I'KAC.'E in loc.
RECORa.
Mutilated r. I'arliiiiiu'iit. 4b30
See HiS'l'OKY in loc.
RECOVERY.
<'rnss-rcl"ei\'ltce.
Triumph denied to mere r. I.'jO
See liESTI'I'l'TIOX.
Conscientious r. -Cromwell. ♦1828
See CfUK in loc.
RECRE.VTION.
Excessive-" (JeMilemen." *4037
Extravatfant-liajazct. *l(i;W
Miseellarietms eri'sri-roferenees.
Degraded Ijy r.-Koinaiis. 220
Discomfort in r.-Fashlon. 218^4
in Muaie-.Miitoii. 2498
" " -M Luthor. 7G1
Simple r. of Puritans. 2690
See HOLIDAY.
Perverted-Christmas a fast-day.4704
fee UELAXATIOX.
In Humor- A. Lincoln. 2C78
Laughter, Irai)ortance of. 8137
See AMUSEMENT :iiul UUMOK
in loc.
REDEiUPTION.
Price of r. of Calais. *4039
See AT(i\KME.\T.
nellef of Am. Indians. 5158
or V'enj{eauec-Ani. Indians. 4848
See KANSOM.
Paternal r.-t.'iOOO. MOIS
Willing r.-Kl.tiard II. •4014
Immense r. of Darius for quein. 180
fora Life Alarie. UK
Priceof r.-Louis IX. 1520
Prodigal r. expliiincil. 2705
REDRESS.
( 'rits.s relererue.
Excessive r.-KnlKht.«. 2800
See KEVKNdlO /// '".■.
REVINEITIENT.
Chara<aerlstic r. Athenii'ns. *404O
MisjudKed-American Indlan.^i. * Kill
Keeomraended-IJridal. *4042
Mlacelhineoiis cros.'^-references.
Absence of r.-Diogenes. 3415
Prejudices of r.-(;reeks vs. U. 708
See CIVILIZAI'ION mikI J' )I,1TE-
.\KSS/;i /(;..■.
REFLECTION.
Miset'!l:irienus cro-s ■. lereiiee?-.
Chan(?e of feeling by r.
Wi.sdo.a by r. (Joldsinith.
S.c Mi:i)ITATIi>.\ in loc.
REFORITI.
Civil ?('rvice r. -Alfred.
Xeeded-Kom. society.
2199
0017
*4G47
♦4048
Crossrefereiices.
Humble r.-Cath. Wilkinson. 531
Ilidlculed -( a'cniiar chunged. 090
REEORi^ATION.
Political r.- Horaans. *4049
Silent t. il r. *10,'JO
Violent religious r. ♦■h;.M
>i.>cellaiie()na cross-refereiices.
Beginning of r.-Martyrs. 1233
Dl'ncult Social r.-Irish. 719
Fanaticism endangers r. 20S4
Governmental, need f r.-£ng. 127
Hopeless of r.-.Iames II. .3853
" " " -Poor Ireland. 4253
Impo.~>ible by .\nglican Ch. 880
Political r.-Kparta. 1000
I in M.inhooil-Aristotic, 0192
I by ^ilutiny- Kiiglish N'avy. 3759
Opposed by Hclfint ,!rest-L. 207
Pardon without r.-Cap't Nutt. 400o
Perseverance Iri r.hy Ab I'ti'iustsl 17
1 y Uidiculr-Peter. 1124
htiddcn r. Konians-Rlenzi. 1892
Transient r. of .lames II. G08t
Vile origin of Eiig. Keformatl'n.I955
of Wayward son. 0.37
0211
■Wisdom in speedy r. .3702
"Women aid in r. -Scots. 0133
Youthful r. -I). Crockett. 037
See UEl'ENTAXCE and UEVIVAL
in loc.
REEORITIER.
by Accident 'I'hos. CUrkson. *4052
Impetuous r.-John Knox. ♦4053
Impracticable r.-(;arlyle. *4054
MlKCellnueoug croiw-refereiices.
Discouraged-Peter the fireat. S^JOl
Forsaken by thepeo|ile-.\riiold. 879
Haillery at r., Drinkers'. 2944
REFORITIERS.
Corrupted religious r. *4ii55
lingUsh r.-I8th century. *10.50
False r.-Seneca.
♦4057
Helfcondemned r.-Pilygaray. *40.58
Miaeellatiei u.-* eri>^^ referenet'r^.
Age of English r 5221
I'artiailty of r. Ijigland. 5220
REFUOE.
Sanctuary for v. I5tli century. * i059
Secured in America. *40(JO
Ml.Kcel la! irons ern.s,- icurtiices.
Failureof r. I':,irth()inike-Lisbon.731
in Prayer from adviM-sity-G. W.4388
-A..J.438-
Tcmple of r.-Founding of J;cjme.38(
.'^ee ASVLCM.
of Hefuge-Home. - .81
Poor man's-Colony of (ieorgia. 532
See SAKETV io ioc.
REFI .^AL.
Contemptuous r. cl.iudius. *400I
'hsdainful r.-Caled. *40f;2
Happy r , Alexander's. ♦4(103
Insincere r.-Themlstocles. *4004
RFdiAI.IA.
Dislike for r.-Na|)iilci)i'. 751
REfiiRErS.
Death-bed r.-W ol.-ey. 4014
" awakens r. 2198
See SOKIKIW in loc.
REI(>>'.
Longest r.-7- >'rs. -Louis XIV. ♦1005
rr(isrt-refrre!iri\
Infamous r , short, fat;il. 3078
See GdVEUN.MENT a:..! ni'LEli
in ''"'■,
REIIV FOHCEIVI EN'i".
Dangerous r.-Kin'grants to Va.*40fi6
See ALLIES :,. I,,c.
REJOICING.
Miscellaiiei'us cr. i?> letVrenceH.
in Deliverance-Montfort. 0042
Premature r.- Fatal. 1003
"-" Land ! Land !" 1005
See ECSTASY.
Kellglous e.-John Piinyan. 1708
See .Il'lilLI-E.
National British, year 1809. ^3032
Sec KAVTUKE.
of Martyrs-Scots Iron boots. 2098
See .TOY in to, .
RELAPSE.
HollRious r. prevcnted-Death. 133(1
Spiritual r. Impossible. 1841
See APOSTASY in loc.
RELATIVES.
M i seel Ian eims ernss-referenees.
Benefit of good r.-Emp. Aurelius.38a
Responsibility for conduct of r.4570
Sacrificed to ambition of T. 192
RELAXATION-RELIGION.
See KIN'DKKD.
Confidence of 4i. withheld. 0801
Hce KINH.MA.N.
LIne.s reversed of klnship-Inds. 2068
Obllxatlon of k. to Maliomet. 918
See FAMILY in loo.
REIiAXATION.
Mlsculliinoous cross-references.
In Humor-A. Lincoln. 2078
Laughter, Importance of. 'A\?^
See HECRKATION.
Excessive r.-" Gentlemen." *I<V17
Extravagant r.-Bajazet. * 1038
Degraded by r. -Romans. 280
Discomfort in r.-]''ashlon. ^184
Simple r. of Puritans. 85iKJ
See AMUSE.MK\T uiid HUMOR
in toe,
RKLIC.
Auspicious r.-lloly lancu. ♦4007
RKLilCS.
Bogus religious r. *4fl08
Plctltious-Magdalen's girdle. •4009
Factitious r. -Profitable.
" -Religious.
IIonored-Religlous r.
Sacred r.-Numerons.
Superstitions regard for r.
Virtue of Chilntlan.
*4670
*4071
♦4078
♦4073
♦4074
♦4075
♦4670
♦4077
♦4078
♦4079
Miscellaneous crossreferencea.
Blood of Christ-Sweat. 1388
Confidence of safety by r. 1017
Cross recovered-Heraclius. 1319
Cure of r.-Sacred thorn. 3085
Destruction of priceless r. 329
Honored-Splke-Crown. 1.381
Manufacture of r. 1220
Misleading-Alox. 2753
Oath on r., Sacred. 3840
RELIEF.
Cross-reference.
Desire for r., Va'n-Napoleon. 3817
REIilOION.
Ambition In r.-False. ♦4080
Austerity in r.-Blaise Pascal. * 1081
Benefits of r.-Civlllzation. ♦4082
Bond of r.-Scotch Covenant. *4083
Burdened by r. in Ireland. *4e81
Burdensome r. -Trifles. *4()85
Champion for r.-J. Milton. *4f;,so
" " "-Irreligious. *4087
Changed for money-Chas. II. *4G88
and Commerce-Codflsh. *4089
Conflict-Duality of man. *4G90
Confusion in r.-Jatnes II. ♦409]
Consolation of r.-Charles I. *4(192
Contradicted by Inconsistency*4(;93
Courage by r.-James II. *4094
Decline of r.-S. Johnson. ^4095
Devotion to r. -Columbus. ^4090
Discord in r.-Egyptlans. ♦4697
Disguised -Pagan. +4098
Diverse views of r.-Romans. ^4099
Duplicity in r.-James II. ^4700
Effects of r.-I'urltanism vs. K
Effort in r.-M. Luther.
Excitement In r.- Early Meth.
Extremes In r.-Puritans.
" " -2d Crusade.
Folly in r.-miar Saints,
(ienerosity In r., False,
and Oold-Pngau.
Oi-aded- Pagan.
Husbandman's r.
Hypocrisy in r.-Charles II.
Impc^dlments to r.-Geo.MiUlcr
Insulted by Emp. Henry IV".
" -Louis XV.
by Legi.slation-UomaiiH.
Leglslatlim against r. -Jesuits.
Licensed in Eng.by King John.
Melancholy r.-Cromwell.
" "-Anabaptists.
Misplaced-Military.
Misunderstood-Puritan'., r.
by Popo's legate.
Mockery of r. Kinp. Michael,
vs. Morality-.\rmenian.
Motives in r., Heathin.
Natural r. of Pagans.
Needful to the State, Moralitj
Occasion of r., Mystciy.
Oppressive r. -Colony of Md.
Paradoxical r.of Purllans-N.E
Peculiarities In r.- Puritans.
Persecution of r.-Kelgn of J. II
of Poli(!y, Changeful r.
and Polities-Aneient Romans
Power of r. -Druids In Britain
Preparatory r.-West Indies.
Progress In r.-More truth.
by r.-Colonization,
Progressive r., Mahomet's.
Revolution in r.-Britiin.
Ridiculed England-Catliolie.
Romance in r.-Pocahontas.
Ruled by r., Darius.
Sacrifices for r.-Wm. Penn.
Savages' r.-West Indies.
Secularized-IIenry IV.
Signsofr. -Mahomet.
Simpler-Scandinavians.
State r.-Colony of Va.
Statesman's r.-Bismarek.
a Successful r., .Mahomet's.
Suppression of r.-Jews.
Thoughtless r.-S. Johnson.
Toleration in r.-S. Johnson.
Vacillation in r.-Charles 11
Value of r. to the State.
.♦4701
*-r(K
♦470;i
♦4701
♦470.')
♦4700
♦4707
♦47(is
♦4709
♦4710
♦4711
.♦47 1 2
♦47l;i
♦4711
*471.-)
♦1710
♦•1717
♦4718
*4719
♦1720
*ir2i
*-1722
*I7-,':J
♦I7'.'l
' li J.-)
' IV.iO
.+47-'fi
+4127 i
*1728 j
♦47'J9 I
.*-!7:)l I
♦47:i2 j
,*-l7:i3 i
♦4^34 I
*i7;i5
.♦47:!0 '
*47;i7 j
*I7;!8
*47;»
*1710
*l,ll
*r,-i2
*47l:-!
*irn
* 1715
*I7I0
*i;4;
♦474S
*(7I!I
■*r,:<-i
* I7:.:i
*n.-i
* I7."")5
*475(i
♦4757
Austerity in r.-Plllar Saints.
' -Ineffpctive.
" "-Rev. Ilraniwell
" "-Wesley.
" "-Puritans -Ku^'
" " Reaction from.
'Hair shirt.
of I'aseal.
Awakening t<i duty of r.
Blessing, a Corrupt r.
Itloody r. of Pope Pius V.
Hooks promote r. s. Johnson.
Brutal r. of Ciauls
Brutality sanctioned hy Koui.
in ('anip-Cromwells army.
Caricatured by fanatics
Caste in r.-PytliaKoias.
•• '• -I'ersian vs. Turk,
of Ceremony, Knights' v.
Change of r. deridi'd.
" '■ distrusteil.
Cliaiiged for a iiension.
Changeful r.-James II.
Civilization pronioted by r.-M
Claims of r. vs. Family.
Classesin r.-" Vulgar," "Asc'tie"359
Cloak of tyranny. ii90
Comfort in bereavement by r. 11."):!
Compromise in r. -Jesuits. .'JOll
no Compromise in r.-Malinniet. l.'Wl
Compromised by polilic.v Iioio
-Siinier. 3712
Concealed by false profess. -t '. II. 1:!
919
470(1
5012
4770
5085
1122
4207
4018
4019
2.'i72
|;i35
4834
1204
.588
031
4990
r. 102
898
8.55
4709
.5070
2800
I. MO
1030
2409
11. ■«
. 730
2071
Cdtilidi'iice in r , Sinner'
CoiKluests by peaec\
Conservatism in r.
i;ix7
3039
1125
4:194
4.395
's,)288
54G
1108
prohibited Jas. II. 4.503
Conspicuous r., "St one wall "J
Contempt for r. of Lady II.
Controversy in r. -Romans.
Mlscelluneous cross- rt-fi re n cos.
Abjured in fear-Regrets. 1330
A<lvaneement by strange means. .580
in Agriculture-Persians. im
Oloi)
Ambition corrupts r. .3042
Animals respected in r.-B. 230
Antagonisms in r. of sects. 2.'il
In Architecture. 292
Art favored by r. 308G
Assassins' r.-Per.sia. 374
Austerity in r.-Sl. Francis. 3301
-T'ascal. 4081
Ccirruptedby vice-Poiic. 3215
" pleasure. 3;W5
" gambling. 2275
(■(irruption in r.-Pope Alex \1. 070
Courage inspired by r. ] 140
(faze iu r. -Crusaders. 3)11
Credulity In r. -Relics. 12S2
Crimes covered with r. 1100
Cruelty aiding r.-Perseciition. 25.55
" in r. f rnsiaders. 1.300
' -Sects. 1.303
of Cruelty-Scandiniiviiiii;. II17
Deception in r. breeds contempt. 3020
PagiMi. :m2i
Decline of r.-R'st'ration of C II.4G18
" " ' 401S
Degraded by controver.-y.
Development in r. -Methodism
Devotion to r., Entire-Jesuits.
1108
705
3900
3.565
5733
3080
1382
" " " -Sinners.
' and chivalry.
DIfHculties vs. Comfort in r
Discussion restrained in r.-J. 11.3230
Disease affecting r.-Mahomet. 1&13
Disgrace of r. -Extremists. 208^
no
IIELIGION.
Dl8i{ruced-"Klrki)'8 Lambs " 5^16
'* by fdUiiliulsm. 3.")<)J
Dlshoiiorod by criidulKy. 3(Wii
Dlssomblod by iipo.ttiilo Jul'.an. KWi
Diversity In r., Nutlomil. HU
Duel In dofonue of r. V,M
Duties supretne-Joun of Arc. ICOi'
Ec.ttiisy In r.-lUinyan. 17(18
" -Martyr In "boots." a0!)8
I'Mueation in r. nooessary. itjor
" " " -Napoleon. 1H18
lOinotlous moved by r. 'CttJ
liuLuslasm for r. -Crusades, lair)
" " -Pilgrimage, ami
•• " " -Joan of A. 19JU
" " "-(^.uakors. 1908
Equality In r. Cromwell's s'ld'rs. 764
" of men In r, 1916
Erratic views In r. iVMi
Evidence of r.-Benevolenoe. ."i-irj
" " " -Dangerous. 1950
" " " -Socoudary-J. 1951
" " " In sljfns. Hi:;'!)
Evidences of r.-Purttans. giUUi
E.Kompllfied in army life. (waa
Experience of r.-A. Lincoln. H'iO
Expressed la architecture. ii'M
Extremes In r.-I'urltans. lli-l
False love for r. K70
" spirit in r.-Vengeance. 5'.)-^T
Family refuge in r.-Sorrow. 207:)
" 1., Impressions of. 79(3
" r.-Mahomet's. S()7l)
Fanatical r.-Mohammedan. ».m
" " of (iuletlsts-A. X>7
Fanaticism in r.-Monkery. 3(is3
3081
" 3(iH5
" " "-Joan of Arc. iiom
of Fear-Af. Luther's training. 8-,'3
" " -Jolin 'iunyan. 1081
Folly of Pagan r.-" Cats." 217:.'
Forced converts to r. 1185
" r.-Protestant. 913
" -Emp. Adr'nlc'smade am.17
Formality an obstacle to r. 858
Frauds In r. -Grecian oracle. 3910
Freedom in r.-Ct lony of Md. 231
" of conscience in r. UiiO
vs. Gentility-Offence. 2(i5(i
(iovernment str'ngth'n'd by r.-P.3U9
Uateful r. of bigots. .5008
5069
of the Ueart-M. I.uther. M80
Iloroisin 'jy r.-Uoundheads. STAO
Homotrntnln^inr. 1819
" r ot Cromwell. 3919
Honored en the scaffold. 1441
Hostility of I'lirks to Moslei^s. :"
Humane Influ'^'uf of r. 5195
Humility 'leedfr.i to r.-Cross. 1319
Hypocrisy in r.-Tam-js IL 809
" " -Chas. II. 5091
vs. Immorality. 1119
Inconsistency iu r.-F ilk the B. 100
" " " -Ciusaders. 3-111
Independence In r.-Puritiins. 279:;
Ii:dependentln r.-B. Franklin. 2824
' lui i B erence In r.-Charles II. 2794
IridifTerent which r. 61.59
liiduencf of r.-Force of ch'ract'r.,575
Inhumanity, H. a pretext for. 2801
Injured by hypocrites. 2090
Iiisaniiy by r.-Wm. Cowper. 2883
Inspiration from r.-Hatlle-N. 4(H
" of r.-CromweH's men. 311
IiiHpiros enterprise (,'olumbus. 1881
vs. Iiitomperanco. S9I4
liiloleranco in r.n. -Protestants. 2903
" to sects. 2!m4
Intolerant r. of John Knox. 49,59
of Kindness-John Newton. 3077
Liberality in r.-Cromweil. 3924
" of oi)inlonH in r. 3205
Licentiousness cloaked by r. 1038
of Love-Gospel of C. -Nap. 3317
Maintained by law-England. 25,56
Materialism rejected for r. .'j527
Means-Abomlnablo-InQulslti'n.2878
Melancholy in r.-G. Fox. 3504
Mixed r. of Koman pirates 4180
vs. Money-Dutch. 3075
Money power in r. 1097
Morality proceeds from r. 3700
belittled r.-Monk. 2732
without Morals-Churcliill. 1111
Motive important-Johnson. 3734
.Murder sanctioned by r. 1107
Nocessarj'-Failure of ath'lsm-F.2370
Needed by the poople-Napoleon..509
Neeciful for good soldiers. 4,591
" to the Stato-Fr. .5087
Negative r. of Thos. Carlyio. 4054
Neglect of r. rebuked. 01.58
Nominal r.-Curiiz-Iiua. 1170
" " -Coiistaiitiiio. 1177
Oath on relics, Sacred. 3840
Offensive r. of austere monks. 402
Office lei-s tluin r. 3867
Opposition to r.,Thoughtless-J. (Wl
0|)pre8sed by laws-Catholic. 2903
Outward vs. Inward r.-Pagan. 2085
" " " "-Krasmus.820
Patient suffering for ".-Martyr. 4028
Persecuted-Earnest r. 499!)
" but unsubdued. 15.58
Personal effort in r.-Lincolu. 830
Political r." Great Lama,
in Politics-Md. t^olony.
" -Catliolic Uelief Bill.
Popular r.-Jcsuits.
Popularized-XInth century.
Power of r. in army-Puritans.
2370
732
734
3014
3171
5249
" 5250
" " " " •' 5251
" " B254
" " "-Joan over captains. 412
Pretence in r.-Crusade. 2803
Pretext of r.-Blbulus. 38.50
Profession of r., Unworthy. 1132
I'rofligate head-.Mcx. III. 5010
lu.'l Progress-i'iilumbus. 0151
Pro-Jiotes morality-Chastity. 787
Promotion of r. by assassination. 307
Proof-, of r., .'^fran<?e. 4524
1 rophets of r,, For.r great 4,525
Protestant vs. Catholic-Beneflts.7,S5
Proved trw by prayer. ;.''>'.
Publi'j profession intended. -L. c,-^y
Kadlcalism in r.-Knox. 40.53
lieai'Mon of sin-.Ianies 1 i ()222
a'.'-iinsf Piiritur. ■■ 2994
Heform by r., Silent. 4(!.5fl
Uefonnation by r., Violent. 4051
Ueforniers of r., Corrupte'l. 4055
Hejected- Amuse nientwelc'mt'd. 211)
Konunulation of Christian r 251
Kestored to France. 3720
of Kevelry-Abysslnlans. 8.32
" Hcvcnge-Clovis for Christ. 821
Uldlcule of r. punished. 489(1
-Lawyer. 1089
Uldlculod-Catholic r.-Scots. 4130
Hacriflces for r.-Womeii. 0119
" " -Wm. Penn. 3970
Scandalized by adultery. 4305
" Tetzel. 4309
" " prostitutes. 398(!
" " Simony. 1203
of Self-denial-American Inds. 5081
" Self worship-Caligula. 135a
Sensual r. of Mahomet. 4210
" "-Mohammedan. 3992
Sensuality of Pagan r. 5100
Sinners love for r. 3.501
" r., A-James II. 6222
Slavery abolished by r. 5190
Soldier's r. In camp-IIastlngs. 481
" " makes superior. 20.'W
of Solitude-Monks. 3.57
" " -J. Wesley's escape. 358
State benefited by r. 40.5()
" protected by r. 5,328
" r. in Virginia-Episcopal. 2413
" needs r.-Germans. 1697
by Stateoraft-Cath. toCalvlnlst. 27
Strange conception of r. 5430
Strength by r.-Cromwell. 5.357
Strife respecting r.-CJreat ref. 140
about r., Public. 1530
Stylish c. for gentlemen. 4427
Success by compromise-Show. 3022
Sufferings for r.-Persecution. 2.5.57
Superior to passion-\Vesley-M. IJ98
Superstitio;^3 confidence In r. 1047
Supremacy of r.-Ooan of Arc. 417
Sympathy in r.-Puritans. ,5498
Taught by women-Goths. 0103
Test for offlce-James 11. ;)807
Tested by benevolence-Cripple. 5.50
Theatres originating in r. 43
Theoretical and destructive. 1050
Traitor to r. dishonored-Bp. H;;!! J
Trials test r.-Uav. J. Nelson. 40.33
Trifling in Luther's observations. 53
True ambition is in r. 2379
Truths essential to r. -Lincoln 8:«
Tyranny In forced r. 1190
Vnehaste r. of Pagans. 1075
of Vice-Paganism. 3971
\ iolence in reforming r. 6133
in War-Scots-Puritans. 5821
Wealth sacrificed to r.-Wesley.5978
" endangers r.
Zeal forr., Misdirected.
" " " punished.
■' " '■ ""a'se-Partlsans.
- e . . ■■ )RATION.
''ui\.>'ii i:.-jW:': Tjperor's.
5960
6220
221
4017
*59
-'. Ulocletian.
26
UKLKJION.
m
S51
ar'v'fi
t. 81' 1
4M!Mi
10H!»
4130
(ill!)
3970
4m-,
■Vim
l;i()8
8. 5l)M(
snic,'
5100
.•ir,()i
51U0
4H1
•M;iH
:ir>7
■ 3r,H
4(ir)(j
5328
24).}
169r
535?
•ef. l-)(i
1530
•14-Jr
o\v. ao2i
n. ;l'55?
■-JI. «i)8
r. 104?
c. 417
5498
C103
3H(i?
pie. 550
43
1050
Hal! ■?
4033
oils. 53
S37!)
I 8.S0
1190
I«?5
39?4
6133
5821
5'.59?8
5900
csao
221
401?
*59
ae
Sec APOSTASY.
Open a. of Konittnus. *y51
Primitive a. by persecution. *25a
Dl.sortsdltable-I'rotostant.
KiicuuraKed by law-Maryland,
Kxplalned-IniHinsistency.
Keactlon of forced converts to
Required of officer.
.ScH' Al'O.STATE.
llonorod unwisely.
iSUameful Justus.
.Sic AI'OSTATKS.
Forgiven byi)rlnililve C.
Malice of a.-KniKlits Templars,
" " " -Julian's.
See AP().STI,E.
Ijast a.-Mahomet.
See ATIIKI.><M.
Concealed- Humtiii.s.
T.'iud-Kejectcd Franco.
Slu ATHi:iST.>5.
Nation of a. -No.
See ATMOsriirCUIC.
Convulsions by a.-Oracle.
See AI'd.VKMK.XT.
Belief of Am. liidiiiiis.
or VonKoance-Am. Indians.
See ArsTKKlTY.
E.xample of a. -Younger Cato.
Monkish a. in Egypt
vs. ProlllKacy-stuart? restored
Religious a.-Uev. John Newton
" "-Prlsc'illlanlsts.
" "-Monks, A.i). 3?0.
Amusements suppressed by P.
Hurtful a.-Unneoessary.
Imagination inflamed by a.
with Licentiousness-Spartans.
Reaction against a.-Puritans.
liefuge in a., Melancholy.
Religious a.-St. Francis.
" " -Puritans.
" -Pascal.
" " -Pillar Saints.
tt 14 4i 41
" " Ineff'ectlve.
" " -Rev. Bramwell.
in Virtue-Stoical.
See AWAKENING.
Spiritual a.-Bunyan.
14 44 (>
" -Tei rible-Bunyan.
" " -Martin Luther.
" " -Terrifying- Nelson.
" " " Bunyan
" -A. Clark.
" " -Bartley Campbell.
"-H. D. (Jough.
" Misery In.
" " -Melancholy-Fox.
" " by Prayer.
" " Unhapplne.ss by.
K»e BAPIISM.
Procrastlnated-Christian pros.
1930
, 4110
27;i
a.«20
]4?1
31??
13.-i9
*233
193!»
2540
2589
2008
2370
473?
3047
51,58
4818
*39?
*3!)8
•399
♦100
♦401
♦402
222
1101)
2090
0I3V
30.)
.3503
3301
4207
4081
4700
5012
4770
6085
5(U2
1180
.509
5 ICO
117S
11. '-9
.1191
IIM
4103
1179
1193
3504
1188
1192
453
Second b. -Roger Williams. 4."1
Trust in b.-Vices. 4724
See BAPTISTS.
Pioneer of K. -Roger Williams. ♦454
.See lillll.K.
Adaptation of the B. (;«!. C()ng.^5<hJ
Comfort from the It.-Capilve. *m:>
Diffusion of the B. Tyndale. *:m
Discoveries In the B. -Luther. ♦,■.0?
Dl.splac<Hl-By gloves II. VIII. *.-,oh
Doubled- J. Buiiyan'sstruggles <',")09
the First American ll.-i;ilol's. *.',;u
(Jlft of I! to (^ueen Kll/abelh. *,-,; l
Imperilled by lln^ It, U. lluniic. ♦.■,?:.'
Inuendlary B.-Book.iiller's. *.',;.)
IiKlfStructlbie-r.Tsc.'utlon. *.'); I
Influence of ihi' 1!. rnunwcll. *,■,?.■,
Monopoly in the K. liril. pul) s^,-,70
()mltted-( oi-oiiiilioii of J. II. *,-,-?
I'eople-s B.-WyelilT- *■,?«
Pr<)hil)itlon of the li. -England. ♦579
" " " " -Neces8aiy..5M0
Protected by the B.-J. Kno.x. ♦.Wl
Ueverence for the B.-Indians. ♦5«.".
Searching the B.-"Bibli* Moths. "♦.')82
Senses in the H. 'I'hri'c si'iise.-*. '•.■|K:!
Siiiniilaie.^-l'i'ixciili.jri of S. ,1. '.■,s|
See CDNSKCit.ATlON.
for Confllct-Knighi.s,
Without Kakh John Wesley.
Ceremony ofc. Knights,
for Conqtic'il-iirfcian youth,
of Spoils, Pious e,-Auiellan.
" to benevolence,
for War-Janl/arles.
See ('".WKKSION.
Clear e. of John Huny;-.n.
Demanded of Peruvians P.
Inli'lleetuai e -i 'niistaiitlno.
Peculiar e. of .Martin Luther.
Ueniiirkable i;. of II 1). (iough
'' " John Bunyan
" " " ,\ilarn Clark.
Results of e. of Coiisiantine.
Sudden c.-Methodisis.
Bound liy the B.-Luther. in.i-,'
civil gov't by B. rule -Conn !.'|.M
Civilization advanced by the B. .s.io
Comfort for prisoners. 'joo
" from the B -Cromwell, .''i.")
Dc'itltute of B.- Young Miiller. 471,;
Direction in duty l)y B. aoi.!
Divinity of B. -Denial a erirni'. 2,V,0
Kncouragement-KartlKniake. lOf*?
Inspires (Miurage-Covenanter. O.")0
Interpretation of I! , Strict. .'W23
Interpreters of I! , Fabe. ami
Opposition to tlie B -Tyndale. MC,
" " '' -Catholic. 508
Political abuse of B. .ii is
Power of its historical books-L. 100
Reading of B., Ostentatious. 417.-)
" " " ft)rbldden. ♦.'iwi
Revealed in new light. 1708
Rule in civil gov't-Conn. Col. s,si
Strength from B. -Cromwell. 1 ill
Surrender of B., Painful. 30io
Tribute-" Is literature it.«elf." m
Unattractive-Condemnation. 5753
See I31(;0TRY.
Disclaimed- Cont. Congress. ♦.W?
Papal b.-Pius V. *,wk
Protestant b. -Scotland. *->»<)
Puritanic b.-Kiiglish Puritans. *5;)0
•1181
•1123
3080
0179
Km
529
5255
♦1175
•1170
•1177
♦1178
.•1179
,♦1180
♦1181
♦1183
♦1183
j Anxiety of c. I'oi' Indians. r,<.m
'■ Change by <'.-Hen.ijiniin .Vbbott.lioa
i:lmiii.'es eiieniy to filend. ;;046
( oliillli'l eliaii;;i il by c. iKK)
by Cruelty spunish priests. v;,sOl
Kvideneed-" Strangely wurin," 1122
Ignored In Clnirch-niember.>-hlp. 878
by -Marriage -Pocahontas. i; 13
.Means ot c. -A, Llneoln. .•,708
' -lliinible Tract. ,50,52
Necessary to the State. l,so7
Proof of c. -Indian. .3r,18
Published by newsmonger. 2(00
Sudden e. of brigands -Joan. l.")59
from Vice .Ministry. 2.j.-,i
I Moraau's Wdik In e. 0094
! See Cii.WEK.Slo.V.S.
! Slow c. of Mahomet. •1184
by Sword of clKirlemagne. *11S5
S.r CilNX-KKT.
Renegade e. Lord Sunderland. ♦1180
\'iclous c.-Dryden a Catholic. .3144
Zealous Mohammedan o. 1184
See CONVEKTS.
by Cruelty-IIuguenots. 4119
Kxecuted-lneas by Spaniards. 1175
l''iil-ie c. by coinpnjnilK!. .302*-}
Saved by miirderlDg-Irlsh. 1.3.36
Seeking c. a duty. ](i03
Spurious c. -Worldly. 453
Tested by pt'i-sectition. 4124
Unholy zeal forc.-Baptlzed or d.l99
See C'ONVICTU)N.
Popular c. -Joan of Arc. *1187
Prayer for c.-fittorge Miiller. ♦1188
of Sin-John Nelson. ^1189
strange b. -American Puritans. *:m
In Benevolence-James II. 528 j
Blinded by b. -James II. 40H5 '•
Clerical b.-Contitry parson. 270? [
Display of b, -James U. mno 1
Foolish b. of James II. 31?
liarraonious b. -Bristol. .'iCiiit;
Mortified bj- benevolence. 3720 ,
Protestant b.-C. disfranchised. 732
Rebnk''d-Dr. Arnold's plea. 7:,' ]
I'eligious b.-Turk vs. Persian. MKO 1
Rule of b.- James If. 3.549
See HL.VSl'HF.MY. \
by Compaii.'<oti to Christ. 19,58
of Sin-Dlstres.-ing c. -Bunyan.
See <'<l\VICTI()N.-..
Maiutained-Mass. (^'olony.
Realiatio c.-John Bunyan.
Strong c. of John Bunyan.
" ' -Clear conversion.
5100
♦1190
♦1191
♦1193
♦1193
Honesty in c.-Williain Penn. 2003
Paiiiful c. of conscience. II80
" '■ " ' 1181
Power of religious c.-Purltans. 5249
Realistic religious c -Bunyan. 1180
See DEniCATION.
Changed-Biblla Polyglotta. ♦14S5
True religious d.-(;hurch. *UW
Punishable by death-Maryland.47a9 ' to God-Knights.
1121
922
HEMEDIES-HEMEMUHANCE.
to God-John Wcsltiy.
Indlf/erent d. of temple.
Sec l)F.Vf)TI()N.
Absolute Mohammudan d.
Commendftblo d. o( St. Amb.
Kntiro d. of lip. Thomus Coke
Ministerial d. of Thomas Lee.
Self-sacrlflclnif d.-belUarlus.
lias
(1150
*irm
♦1569
♦l.Wt
♦1571
♦isra
Christmas chanKed t i a f.-P.
851
Health by f.-Napoleon.
aw-j
Preparation by f.-KniKhthmc
. .■iO.S<>
Vision of ()()(! by f.-Am. Ind
*J83
Voice of God by f.-Joan.
3384
See FASTS.
Religious f. of Abyssinians.
833
See FRAUD (Kelioiovs).
" Departed spirit."
3353
Religious f.-Imapes.
1283
" "-Weeping virgin.
:K-M
" "-Grecian oruole.
311-10
" "-Holy Lance.
4li(i7
"-Relics.
4008
ti It ti
40C0
(• 11 4i
4670
11 It II
41)71
II II II
4073
1* tl II
4073
II II Ik
4674
II Ik Ik
467.'-.
kl 11 II
4670
Spiritualistic f.-" Knock."
3555
See HEAVEN.
Carnal h., Alahomefs.
*2.'i40
Division of h.-Swedenborg.
♦3511
Materialistic h., Bossvell's.
*'i'Ai
Views of h. -Adaptation.
*3.>44
Visited by Mahomet.
*3.544
Warrior's h. -Scandinavians.
*3545
Absolute d. of life. 3843
to Amnsement-Angclus. 3800
" Banner-Mohuinnu'dan. 2507
Blind d. of Persian assas.slns. 374
Bxternal d. to the pope. 3075
Filial d. -Seeking pardon. 3008
Reward of d.-Garlbaldl's. 4043
Secret of d. -Money. 8705
Servant's d. to mistress. M3()
of Soldiers-SwodestoChas. XII.13.!!)
Soldier's d. to standard. 3838
to Study-Young Napoleon. 5375
Terrible oath of d. by gladiators. 103
of Wife-Lafayette's. 4318
" Woman-H. Wentworth. 2510
" " -Mrs. Unwln. 2883
to Women-Knights. 2800
See FAST.
Rellglous-Early MethodI:ts. *3)05
See IIYI'UCUISV.
Brazen h.-Pope Adrian VI
Diplomatic h -Napolcdn 1
Exposed-Uollglous-Charle-
111 l''rlendshlp-Klval dukes.
Invlted-Purltan Parliament.
Religious h. -Rival dukes.
" " -Roman phllos.
Approaching near to h.-Taylor..3403
Children In h -Swedenborg. 0207
or llell-John Banyan. 1085
Infants In h.-Swcdenborg. 3818
Letter from St. Paul to Pepin. 3190
Nearness to li. in sickness.
Visited by Mahomet.
Women in h. -Mahomet.
See HKLL.
Necessary-Prest. A. Jackson.
Temporary h.-5Iohammedan.
51.31
.3638
3992
*3.547
♦2548
Political h. -Augustus.
Religious h. -Charles IL
See I.MMOKTALITY.
Belief In 1. by poet Shelley.
b'alth In I., Arab's.
Hope of 1. -Walter Raleigh.
*3093
•2093
*3fi04
jn!)5
*2690
•3697
♦3098
4350
4711
♦2745
♦2740
♦2747
Belief In I
l;,'norance directing 1.
'I'ruth outraged by I.
See MIRACLE.
Fraudulent m.-Weeping V.
Fear of h.-Samuel Johnson. 1423
Apparent m. -Walls fall.
Constructive m.-Wm P. of O.
Contempt for false m.
Failure of expected m.
Popular ni. -Coincidence,
by Saints only,
of Superstltlon-Perslan.
" " -"King's evil."
Supposed ni.-Joan of Arc.
See MIltACI.KS.
False m. -Delphic priests.
" " Mahomet's.
II II 41
by Martyrs Catholic.
Modern ra. -Pascal's.
Monkish m.- Legendary.
See PREDESTINATION.
Belief In p.-Wm. P. of Orange,
" " " -Scandinavians.
Extreme view of p.
Timely p. before birth.
SeePROPIIEUY.
False p.-Emplres.
Unconscious p. -Virgil.
♦4624
-Socrates. 3700
" " " strengthens. 1413
of Brutes doubted-S. Johnson. 680
Burial for l.-Am. Indians. 1425
Confident of i.-Bunyan. 1102
Effective Christian doctrlne-O. 834
Preparation for I. by bravery. 1410
Soul's I. -Socrates. 5270
Stimulates courage, Belief In 1. 1424
In Work-Church-biiiidlng-Mah. 864
See INDULGENCE.
to Sin by penance. 2800
See INDULOn.VCES.
Carg. ofl.-Papfii. ^2801
Papal, by Tetzel. +3802
Sale of i.cinirch building. ^2803
of Appeiit3, De.'nided by. 380
-Shameless 300
-Voraclou3-Johns'n.2183
Sale of 1., Teizol's. 5104
to Sin-Pope Leo. 5150
See IN(K'ISrriON.
Abominable in Spain. *3877
Rornish 1. in France. ^3878
721
■ac'-'o
,5831
4555
353S
2087
905
5704
1385
1380
2805
♦303!
♦3033
♦3033
♦3634
♦3625
♦8620
♦4404
♦4405
43W
1845
♦4523
of America's future-Lafayette. 210
" " -Stormont. 212
Fictitious p.- Confucius of C. 895
See PURGATORY.
Compensations of p.-Moham. ♦4580
Mohammedan p. -Punishment. ♦4581
Belief In p.-Anclent Persians. 2351.
Mohammedan p. -Seven hells. 2548
See REDE.MI'TION.
Price of r. of Calais. ♦4639
See RESURRECTION.
Hinted by ancients. 483'i
Belief In r.- American Indians. 2659
See REVERENCE (Religious).
Religious r. -Pagans. ^4870
for .\ninial8 -Egyptians.
" Clergy excessive-Ferd. 11
Excessive religious r.-Pagans.
Foolish r.-Sacred goose-Goat,
for Rellcs-Rellglous.
2171
031
4870
5451
4076
4678
Restraint of r.-Repairlng temple. 876
Superstitious r. for the Bible. 583
See RITUALIS.M.
Rejected-Catholic r. •:. Eng. ♦4915
Trifles vitiate service In r.
See SAKiT.
Austere s.-Francls.
B\oody s.-Slglsmond.
Fanatical s. -Simeon Stjlltes.
vs. Heretic-Joan of Arc.
Useful s,, Zoroaster's.
See SAINTS.
Canonized by pope.
Marks of s.-Joan of Arc.
Pillar s.-Slmeon Stylltes.
Worship of 8. Introduced.
by Ansterltv-^Ioiiks.
Faiiaiicism of s.-Monkeiy.
Pillar 8., Folij of.
Kcign of 8. -Fanatics.
468f
836i
4186
4706
5012
1726
6155
♦,5010
♦,5011
♦5012
♦5013
402
3083
4706
2092
See CATHOLIC, CHRIST, CHRISTI-
ANITY, CHURCH, CLERUY,
CREEDS, DEPRAVITY,
IDOLATRY, .MARTYRS, .METHOD-
ISTS, MYSTERIES, NUN, ORACLE,
PERSECUTION, SECT.S, SI.\ and
WORSIIII' ill IOC.
RElflEDIES.
Miscellaneous crosu-referenceB.
Nature's r.-Air, sunshine, etc. 2691
{^uack r.-Superstltlon. 1383
REMEDY.
by Force-Chinese. ♦47,58
Strange r.-Walling. ♦4759
Mlscellaneoun cross-references,
for the Demonized.
Superstitious r. -Pestilence.
" " -Religious.
REinElTIBUAIVC E.
Cross-references.
01 Insult by Cyrus.
Painful r. revived.
See MEMORY in .'oc.
1566
544;)
S455
2001
2640
•4C24
♦483»
483i
8171
11 88 J
ins. 4870
)at. 5451
4070
4U76
inple.876
le. 585
<. *4916
468t
8304
418S
s. 4706
50ia
1786
0155
*5010
*5on
♦5019
*6013
1566
544;)
5455
200J
3645
IlEMINISCEXCE-RESEMBLANrE.
RBItIINIS€ENCE.
Krrquent, A. l-lnooliix,
HEITfORSIi:.
Perseontor's r.-Cbarles IX.
Royal r.-Kdward IV.
Mlscellaiicoun croBfrirircncci
AsBassln's r.-Nero.
of Con801ence-(,'harloH I.
of iDKrate eon-Richard.
Murderer's r.-C'onstans II.
ReneKade's r.-Argylc.
Victim of r.-CIotalre.
RBNKGADIi;.
8bameful rellt^louM r.
See A POST A TF.
RKNOWIV.
for Honesty-Arlstldes.
of Infamy-ErostratuB.
Literary r.-Samuel Johnson.
Noble r.-PerlcIes.
Mlscfllunooiii cross-referencf.
by Architecture- Perlole.i.
See HONORS in loc.
RENT.
Refused by anti-renters.
REPARATION.
for Disloyalty-Atonement.
M«78
•17110
•I7IU
1110
1118
ll)»l
1108
i;ioi
118(1
*17tiv'
*47(i.'i
*I7I11
♦■lT(i5
Spiritual a.-MelanchoIy-Fox. a.'.04
" byprajer. ii88
" ITnhapplnBHH by. iiuj
Si'O CONVEKSIOX, I'ENAiN'CK iind
1'|;mti;n('I'; /;. ;w.
IlEPKESENTATIVK.
Punished In r.-KIng of Kii^. 'irra
MlRccllaiH'oim chihs rifinnci's.
Kfflclency by means of r. 3H.i3
Personality lost In r. .|iu
yilent r.-A. .Iiiok.son-ConKress. 'M'.ti
Sio AtiKN'T,
Ignorcd-CIiireiKlon by Jiimos IF. 08
s™ St'llSTITIITE iiiluu.
Crofis-refcrt'iiCfH.
Death-bed r, of Mahomet.
Enforced-Jews wronged.
Insufficient r. for insults.
Sacred heralds to demand r.
REPARTEE.
Apt r. of J. Wesley.
REPENTANCE.
Attractlye-M. Luther.
Ineffective r., Whitefleld's.
Publlo r.-John Underbill.
Sudden r.-S. Johnson.
Miscellaneous cross-referciicts.
of Apostate Christlaim. a>"i
by Coercion, Failure of r. 431)6
Death-bed r. of Wolsey. 4i;ii
" " -\Vm. the Conq. I4i:)
on Death-bed-Willlarall. loni
Fictitious r.-Caracalla. 1096
"-Pirates. nil
by Flasrellation-James II. 11.3.1
without Restltutiun-PaliBoloKus. 13
Substituted by money-Indulg. 71]
lTtl8
♦ircii
*4r6r
iiiii
1 1:!(;
;io6o
8868
■il
*I768
♦4769
♦■1770
♦4771
*irra
HEPUI.TIANO.
Fictitious r.-Lttfayutte.,
of Kindness-Johnson.
(.'rdHa-refcTi'iici'.
Public r. of Roman con.s<)r.
REPRISAL.
Ilonest-Cromwfll.
•177 J
717
'•177(i
REPUTATION.
Illomlshed Nupoleon I.
ChanReful r.. Robert lliirnH.
Deceptive r.-('hailes XII.
Kvll r.-Ireland.
False r.-Arlstldes.
Fictitious r -Oen. flias. Leo.
Field for r.-\VnHhlnirton.
Mixed r., Alexaiuler'H.
Preserved, Lincoln's,
for Prohlty-Cati).
Stained r,, William I'lit's.
for Veraclty-,raniesll.
928
♦47H4
♦1785
♦178(1
•1787
♦1788
♦ I78!l
• I7))()
♦1701
♦I71)'v'
♦I7»l
♦17UI
♦471(5
Mlst'ellaiii'iMis cnisa-rcfonnrca.
Precedent for r. 4;i(i,-,
RiKht of r.-A rail'-- 4!),'6 i
REPROACH. I
Escape from v. Napoleon 1. ♦4;77 !
(Jentle r,-Anaxa)?(jras. ♦1778 i
MiM'i'lliuu'uri^ cross-rt fcrencc'S.
Aroused by r.-lirutus. ,369 I
Bribery of Demosthenes. 673 |
Desperation from r.-Valens. !)|3 ;
Irritating r.-Johnson by Mi.ss S.215 I
Life saved In r. ]o:jf^ |
Mutual r. -James I L mo
Noilly received-Alexander. 4(i,)l (
for Pusillanimity-Justinian. K':w '
.Sc>; DISIiKACE, DISHONOR ai,.l 1
!-'LA.\DER in lou.
MlHccIliincmm crniwrpferoncc-i.
A(!eldental-Van Buren's Admin. 51
Hot on r, One- William I'enn. 607
" Cwsar's captives. (Kw
Borrewed-WashlnKton Irving. .3771
Burled with the person. ];«I7
vs. Chanuiter-Lycurgus. :i-xi
('oiilid(ui('e in r. -Cicero. loas
Contempt for r., D, eeptlve. 616a
Contradictory r.-Robort the D. 3766
Cost of social r.- Kstlmafe. ,3671
Deceptive r -Commodus. 574,3
Di'lajed, Jobti Milton's. L'.3:jr>
Destroy('d by avarice Dcmostli. 073
Destruction of r. neetissary. ly.w
Disregarded Kffr'nt'ry of "ii. F.".37
REPROOF.
Meekness in r.-Dr. 'I'iiylor. * 1779
L'ndeserved-Dr. Arnold. *it,so
Undisturbed hyr.-G, Wa.^li. *irni
Superflolal r.- James II
Transient r. of Antony.
See .VWAKEMXO.
Spiritual a.-Jolm Bunyan.
1133
4610
1180
569
"-Terrible-Bunyan. 5100
"-Martin Luther. 1178
"-Terrifying- Nelson. 1189
" " -Bunyan.noi
"-A. Clark. 1181
"-Hartley Campbell. 4103
"-H. D. Cough. 1170
"-Misery in, 1193
Misci'IIuin'oiifl cross references.
of Age, Valuable r.
Apt r. for effect.
Death by r. Tetzel'.-<.
Desired-tJoori Kinp. Julian,
of Meddler. Delicate r.
Sagacious r.. Wife's.
by Satire-S. Johnson,
of Wife-.MrH. (;eo Washing'! on
See CEN.'iCKE and REIiUKl
in !n.-.
oo;io
j8«8
.■i.vio
■i.ssi
4rM
REPLRLIC.
In Decay-Roman.
Presaged-John Cabot.
I
*47S3
*4rs3
Misceilaneuus cro8.«-refereiices.
Providential intimation of r. 47*3
Ruled by one will. gui
" ' -Washington. 88:i0
Virtue the basis of r. SH55
Hnvi(Hl-Aristldes. 1910
False r. given-Henry Vllf. 3153
" " of wealth. 5979
Cood r. at bome-Llnc(plii. 1488
• iiai-ded- Athenian Judges. ,i0.38
for Iloni'sty C. Washington. 3011
Honorable r.-Hrnperor Titus. 4:!(i7
Indifferent to r.-("iitlllne. :19a
Lost by avarice- Demosthenes. 673
.Maligned-Charles Wesley. 70a
Mixed r.-Washington Irving. 3771
Overestimated-Napoleon. S.'jOS
-Poniney. ^
" -Cen.Chas. Lee. 4789
Questioned-Honesty-KIng J. 2618
vs. Reality- James L 21 -,t
Rescued by bIstory-Cromwell. 2.->77
Restored, < romwell's. 3075
Sacrlficed-Tool of tyranny. .'1548
" for money-( lias. I. ,3003
Shameful r.-Diek Talbot. .3202
Spur to valor. r>7m
by Success-Washington. 5408
-Yorkshire. 5409
Time for growt li J. Milton. .3310
Unjust r. for avarice-Joseph II. 778
Wronged by rival. 1911
See DiSTINCTIOX in he.
REQIKST.
Waiting for :i r. .\li xandcr. ♦4708
See E.NTKKATV in /,„■.
BESE.MBLANtE.
Startling r.- Inl-l-i ics: r. ♦4?,)7
See IMITATION.
Fameless i.-Fenimore Cooper. *27 l.'J
Unappreciated in art. *','744
of Genius-Columbus's egg.
vs. Invention-Red Man.
of Manners- J. Hogg.
8318
8909
3oe>
y
i)U
111 I'ulnlliiif, Servllo-l.Mli ociit. .li:.
tiklll by 1. In 0uu arts AiiKelu. ai.'j
Iittly. »I9
Hee 00(TNTKUKE1T.
I'roiiervcd by a o, " Siiorud b."*!*.'.')
UulicH maniiriK'turcd by an A.'l'.'vil
HI)fnaturc-('oii«ul Antony. *iu-r,'
IlKSENTMENT-UKSTltAINT.
I IIIiNINTANf'E. I
I'opular r. rrotcMtuiils. *IHU \
" "-UoHtonliiiis. ♦IMi.)
I'rovokod by luKlslatlun. 'INI I
Wisdom in r,-Am. patriots. ♦lMir<
Iinposod iipciii (idldninlih.
Si'c IIISOriSK In Inc.
Cruel AU'Xuiider.
liifaimmM-Utuiudlct Arnold,
ra-s.-iioiiaie Maxtmln.
< f ratrlots-l.ordcliatlmni.
f'libllc Am. ( (ilunlsls.
Savatjt' Tlieodori! Kascarls.
Wiitilield Robbery.
«f Wroiitfs -Irlshnuin.
^001
♦•»79H
*47iM»
*MM
♦■IHOl
♦IMOa
*48tl;)
*4H(M
*JH05
Ml..-i'rIl.iiR(iiis crnss-ruforenccs.
Appeased with kisses. 3084
DUdained-Louls XII. aaoo
Dishonorable -Treason. 41()!l
Diverted by amusement. 3204
Kxpre.-'scil Um:\h\y. anul
of Kliittery-Alcxamler. i'l.'iO
FoolLsh r. of Xerxes. KWC
Intidels treated wllh r. as;il
of Insult by lilimarek. sa.'iU
'Opportunity for r.-clovis I. 4iW !
J'ulrlotlsin sacrlfieed to r. 300 '
Premalurc Bishop Buniot. ,')3tJ3
Vain lireaking the arrow. 391
WithheUl by fear AlcxUi.s. 7.J7
."^.c I-.KVE.N'CiE ,/. Inc.
RKNERVE.
Social r S. .lohnson. ♦4800
t^,'r 111 MIMTV iiul MODESTY
/// In.
HESIOICNf B.
Intolerable r.-I-oiidon. ♦4H07
S,i' II\VEM,IN(iS.
Plainness In d.-Lyeurgus. ♦1754
See FAMILY ;iii(l IIO.ME in loc.
KEKKiilVATION.
Coercion by r. of office. ^4808
Easy r.-A. Lincoln. ^4809
Serene r.-Orlental. *48I0
Strength for r.-Bereavernent. •4811
.Mlitcullanedu.s trussreferiiiros.
Assurance of r.-"l)aysof h'ttle.''3l9
ri'oV(jked, presumptuously. 4101
Sec l)EKi;.MK.
a Bouduptc-Kall of Verona.
Brave d. of Count (irrontlus
Declined by Charles I.
Krall d. at Waterloo.
Heroic d. of I,a Kochello.
Patriotic d. of ildlland.
Savage d. Babylonians.
♦IlilH
•1199
•ISOO
•l.'JOl
♦I.MW
♦15(13
♦l.')04
Misccllunetms cross-references.
of Commission Ignored. 4049
" Office Farclcal-AuRustus. :i8H0
" " forced-Tory. ddS
" " -.^ylla. 3H8a
• " -Tyler's Cabinet. .39.35
Official r. rejected by Lincoln, S.IIG
" -Honorable Bolivar. 893
Policy In r.- Augustus. 3881
Shameful r.-Emp. Vllclllus. 3879
See SriiMISSlOX.
Humiliating .".-Ulchard IL ♦5-381
of Soul-Penitential s. *5.3H','
Delay needful for d. 5175
KxhIblllonsofself-defence-Eng.aiS
impo.sslblc Trial of Dr.Batoman..'i-10
Neglected -Constantinople. (i05
Noble (l.-Slcnc of Melz. 'MOH
Omitted on Sabbath Jc^ws. 49.S5
Self-defence at L'jiidonderry. 927
" in argument. 1,H57
See OI'l'iislTlii.N in loc.
HEKOMITIOIV.
Success by r -.^m. patriots. •4810
Mi..*cfll;llieous i-rn.i.s refereliet'S,
.Moral r. of .M. I.iithcr. 1092
SiK^coss liy r. (icn. Fremont. hH!9
Unsurpa.ssed In r -Plzarro. 1008
Weakness of r., Moral. SO.'xl
See DKTEHMI.VATIilN.
A.sserted-"Swor(l shall give it. •1.5.55
Emphatic d. -Stone My ballot. *I.5.")0
Fixed d. -Joan of Arc. \ ♦1557
Oiwllnatc d -Scotch Presb.'s. ♦1.5,58
Strange d.-Joan of Arc. ♦1.559
for Success-" Win his spurs." ♦1.500
Want of d. -Philip of France. ♦1.501
Youthful d Alclblades. *1.502
Amiiitlousd. of Alex. Hamilton 185
Hesolute d. -Luther to Worm.s 120
Sucaess by d.-Wadsworfh, .39.50
See E.VEItnV //, loc.
RESOUItC'ES.
Cnias-relVrenee.
of Genlu3-Ciesar"8.
RESPECT.
Beneficial-Samuel Johnson.
aam
♦4817
<'rops-referencp.
Withheld from Bishop Hall. 2
See H()MA(iE.
Disgusting h. of .fames II. **590
Unsurpassed, S. Johnson's. ♦2591
Ilxacting s.-Jamos II. 248 ]
Humiliating s. -Captive Einp. 2197 j
Prayer of s. -Socrates. 4.5.57 i
Soul's B. to God. 5382 I
See PATIENCE in loc. !
Refused by Crusader,
to Vanity of Diocletian.
" " " (Jreek emperors.
See KNEELING.
to (iod oniy-Alex. Murray.
891
20
59
•30S5
Disgusted by king's k. 2,590
See COURTESY and REVERENCE
HBNP05INIBILITV.
Accepted Bishop SaiuToft. ♦lol8
Assumed by Jefferson. •4811*
.\wud by r.-Coiit. Coiigro.ss. •4820
Evaded-J. Wlldman. •4831
ImpresMud by r.-Perlcles. ♦48!W
Individual r.-Fiederlck II. ♦48*1
by Indulgence- Win. P. of (). ♦48^
Knowledge gives r.-Ala.cl'ms.^4829
omclal r.-Jullan. •4826
of Power-AutI slavery. •4H37
MlseellaneouH cruii.'i-refereiiceii.
Anxiety of •• -A. Lincoln. 247
Author's r.-Rcgrets. 1249
Changes character- Vespasian. 2815
Confession of r. Sthenids. 3819
of Demagogue Vengeance on G. 40
Denied, Valnly-Monmouth. 5139
Division of r. Charles I. 1118
" " "-Dead horse. 2170
In (ioverninent Clarendon's C 50
impressed by r. -Lincoln. 455!)
" " sense of r.-Llncoln.. 511
Insensible to r.- Judges. 51.38
Misplaced-Children punished. 803
on One mau-.lustlulan. 1238
of Position -Arrest of Bunyan. .'!I8
Prayer prompted by r. .5298
Remote r. -Booth -Dr. Mott. *10
Sense of r. wantlng-Ncro. 1347
Rubicon. 1 180
See KIHELITY in loc.
REST.
by Change of occupat ion-Nap. 2o.30
" " " work Southey. 0148
in Country-llfe-Burke. ;)798
I>enled to ambitious iMah'm't.II.202
Soul longing for r. 2538
See CO.N TENTMENT.
In Gardenlng-Dlocittlan. ♦1118
under Hardships John Wesley. *1149
Inferior c.-Samuel Johnson. ♦11,50
with Poverty-Dlogcues. •1151
Price of c. -Napoleon I. ♦1158
Possession of 7 acres- Romans. 1,5a
Postponed-" What then f" 1071
with Poverty-Abdolonymus. ,5085
without Rlcheii-Plioclon. 4882
See IDLENESS, RELAXATION
ikiul SLEEP 1)1 loc.
RESTITUTION.
Conscientious r. -Cromwell. *4828
See RECOVERY.
Triumph denied to mere r. 150
RESTRAINT.
DIffloult-Marliu Luther.
♦4829
MIsoelliineous cross-references,
of Etiquette-Dlst.asteful. 1927
Gentility favored by r -Johnson. 23 18
4.-)03
3418
Hateful to wild men.
l)y Kudeness of rebukes.
See SELF-COMMAND,
against Fear-WilUam III.
See >ELK-COXTR0L.
Remarkable s.-c.-Duke Fred. ♦5083
♦5083
I
Ai)andoned-C. J. Fox. .5806
in Exciteme!il-(;. M'aslilngton.3400
t.
♦Irtia
*IM1«
48.
•JHtfO
♦4fWl
UHSf)
•48*1
().
♦lH*t
'nis
♦4Hy5
•48a6
•4H37
iiceH
,
247
1^4!)
lau
^'Htr.
3819
oriU. 40
1.
5139
1118
8170
•so
50
4559
ncolii.SU
5138
3d.
803
1A38
an.
■■m
r,'»m
mo
KMr
1180
UKsi i,is-i{i;vi;i{sKs
*1118
ley.*1149
1. *1150
*I151
♦iisa
ID.s. l.'iij
1071
i. war,
488a
TION
♦4828
160
•48S9
Power over otherii by «.-o. A')!»5
Sleep lit will-Napoleon I. saor.
In HtippreHHlnK indlKnutlon. 5)iii3
" " reNeiitmenl. 4H()l
Weakneas In s.o. confessed, .lii'.)!
Hce SKI,!'" roSSES.'^lDX.
Hrave ■.-p-Admlml he Fort. *,->Oi)l
InDanKer-Clmrlt'M XII. I'.'ln
Soc SKLl''(i()VKIlNMI';.NT.
HaslHof Vlrtui! liiH-lllKcncc. *:m7
Capacity for s.-k. -Mas.s. *WHH
Faculty of H.-K-Uoinans-KiiK. ♦.WH!)
Withheld ("olony of Vlriflnla. *5i)!H)
Sei! SKI.FDKNI.M-hikI HIS
DIIANCI'; III lot:
U1<:!>)I'L.TS.
Dtii'lslvo r.-A(l. NoLsoii.
I''ar reachlnif r. Nationality.
HUTlllUItllCINT.
liollglotis r. of Win. ri)\vp(!r.
.Sen I'lUVAOY.
of Conversatluii-GrcukM.
Inspeotfid-C'romwcirs p.
Respected l>y Napolcou I.
" " f'ii'sar.
See KEI'KIC.VT in loc.
ItKTOICT.
Cnishlnt; r. s. .(ohnsoii.
Sarcastic r.-Kinir Kictlmrd.
S.v KEI'.VUTKP: /» li,r.
ImpoHslblc Uoat.M biirninl.
*4H30
»4831
,')811
I.TOrtrt-rfftTt'llCO.
DIsproportloned to cause.
KE!«i;itllErTION.
Hinted by aiicloiit.s. ♦I8'i3
CroHH-ri'ftTi'iico.
liellef In r.- American Indians. aa.50
KKTAIilATION.
I'opular r.-Va. Colonists. ♦4833
MlscelliiiictmH croMM-rL-fcreiiCt's.
Penalty of r.-Mussulinan. 1010
In Punishment- V'lsltcolhs. 4.'')T.')
" War.-Burnln«of WashlnRt'n. 71ti
Withheld by Moirmmodan m'8t'r..'W
.See HEVEN'dK in !<„■.
♦483 1
♦4471
4in
aoai
2805
♦1830
Ri<:'rii.\("noN.
■Declined-IfrtjazHt ♦18.37 i
Refused-Alex. II. Stephens. +4838 \
See KK('.\NTATl')N'. j
Impossible-Marlln Luther. +4033
Formal r.-Tnreal-Galileo. T><S'Z7
liefused-Liither. 10!)2
" by Hooper. 12.33 \
Repeated 6 times -Up ('ranmer.1249 i
RETRKAT. \
Hasty r.-Hatllc of spurs. •48.30
' " " ♦1810
Impossible at Xeres. *4841 ^
Masterly r.-BattIc of Brooklyn. ^4843 !
MlacellanenvH cniss-rffereiicc^.
Hasty-Santa Anna-Wooden lep. C8
Impositble-Rotundity of earth. 3713
lOVI
" -Krencli Uevolutlon. .MOl
" Chained. 1.VI3
MlHjiidKcd by I'ompoy. 5828
.Vecossury l-'ii-d. the (ireat. 1831
Ueoonsldered-llfiiry IV.-A. 4*1
Sorrowful r. of Washluuion, l.Ml
Suci^ess by r. Scythliiiis. 1()7;)
rn(ivo|iliil>l(. llollaiiil Hdodod. l.Vi.)
rnexpi'ch'd nil. I (I iiiiriTuus r. I(il.-i
HICrRIHI/riON.
Ho(fun .lUMln' ,)i>ITic>s, ♦4813
(»verlookii,l~.\Hpi>leon I. ♦1811
Sanitary r.-"Hla(k Assize." ♦ I.hI.".
Sense of r. -ctms. II. ♦48111
iti':viCN«;K.
Bloody r.-Si'poy Kcbcllioii.
C'huractorlstic r.-Am. Indians
('oMil(!S''t!ii8lon of r. -Maria T.
on the Dead-Conclnl.
" " " -Cromwell.
Dci'llned-Mathew Halo.
Determined -Mary Stuart's.
Dishonorable r. , Alexander's.
Fcm.'ile r, I'urysatls.
'liiiKired .Vnclciit (Jerraans.
IifiKible r. -Mutilation.
1 111 I'l livable r.-.\ntiiiilna.
In';riiliius r.-l'ictuic.
of Injustice .lail-fever.
I'er.-ional r.-.Tames Hamilton.
" "-Napoleon I.
Savage r., Ilusliand's,
At iscfl hill eons criisrt-referriices.
by Assassination-Haimltoii. 48111
li>'..se r., of ('has. II. 1(>.")7
Beneath r.~ Impostor. JT-'o
Chall'Mi^red by (Jiirdiin. 124,')
by Coiifesslnf; ('rime. 1317
Dedicated to r., KniKlits. 28118
on Descendants .leffreys. ;!'H7
Kagerness for r. on .leffroys. 4-<l3
Kxcessive r. -Honor-Arabs. 2s!)(i
Foolish r.-( 'has. U.-C'romwell's b.fisn
" " -Self injiiriiiir. 271!)
Husbands r. on the a. .Tohn XII (10
Ignored by Ca'sar. 2805
for Injustice- Philip assas-iiuiled..'iC8
Mother's r. -Hannah Dnslin. 37'J9
Nature's r. for inhumanity. 2803
Pa'sion for r.-"Cap'tn Molly." 4078
hiivatje r.-<)uilKe <iiiu .
Wars of r. Am. Ind.'s,
Wife's r Kutnford'M.
of Woman outraifed.
for Wroni; iiinlKhted.
MNcellaiiooiirt 'm^s rfl'iTi'iictM. >
Fear of r. .lames U. 21 Ih
Legal r.-Wolsey. :iii;i
Life for llf(». IS 111 i
Sc.> KKVKMiK III Inc. \
rkvi<:l.ation.
Mi..t('t'II,i .11.* eruss ret'iTi'iici'.*.
In Dream i > i Ici'rn. 1V22
" Dreams lo Indians. 17'.'3
False r.-l'iTslan religion. l-.'s.-i
Sin permllti'il iiy r -Mahonift. ;t212
See Unil-I': mi.l I.N.SI'IK.VTION
III l:r.
HKVKLRY.
('rn^sn.rrri.|ice.
Christmas r -Daly- Fiance. 8')0
Sie I'l.KASfKK ill I.II-.
♦1817
*18IS
♦1811)
♦48.'i0
♦48-.1
*48'-),'
♦48.'i3
♦ 18.') 1
♦48.').-)
♦4.'<.")l!
♦ l8.-)7
♦ 18.W
♦ 18V.)
*l8(li)
♦4.S01
♦ 18112
*4Sli:i
4KIH
5928
4A08
6000
3059
Sec UKl'AI.IA 1 lii.V, KKTKIIH'.
TION mill VK.MiKVNCK.
i>\ ll>r.
.Vni'lont r Uoiniiiis.
from Iiijusiire Tiiiks.
Mismanaged (ieorge ML
('r'i^*;i-iererenco.
from Drink, stair r
.See KIN.V.M" ■ in Inc.
RKVKRICIVCK.
Kxeesslvi' r. Win. I'lll
I'lllal r -.Vlixiinder.
fur I'aienls-.Vnelerits.
Religious r -I'agans.
♦(8fll
♦48(15
♦4860
■.1146
♦4807
♦18(18
♦48(19
♦1870
MlHCellailenuS ('111.4^ ri reniicrs.
for Anlmals-Kgypilaiis. ai7i
" Clergy (■X(t's>ive Fcrd. II. !12I
Kxcesslyo religious r.- Pagans. 4870
KooUsh r.-Sacred goose t. (Jo:it.5451
for Rellcs-Kiillglous r. 407(1
4078
Rest ralnt of r.-Repalrlng temple. 870
Siiperstlllmis r. for llie Bible. .'.85
.-e AWK,
Effect of a.-Pei>iaii king. •Ill
Silence of a Battle of the Nile. *412
s.. llDMAdi:.
Dlsg-'stlng h. of James IL ♦2,'J(H)
rnsurpassed-S. Johnson's. ♦'2.'>!ll
891
•2(1
♦308,')
2590
Refused i)y Crusader,
to Vanity of Diocletian,
" " " (ireek emperors.
S.e KNKKl.l.Mi.
to (lod only-Alex. .Murray.
Disgusted by king's k.
See WOHSllir 111 Inc.
REVUilKItS.
Benolltsof r.-Kngli-h, ♦Is71
M'neellali'ieirt eru-^ referflice.
In Life-Nlcctas. 22U
S,e ItlCACTIu.V,
from Kxcess- Persecution. ♦1017
Moral r.-RcslMratlon of C. IL ♦4018
" " -Puritanism to sin. *4019
of Anger-Peter the (Ireat. .lO'.ll
" " -.Alexander. 1741
" Cruelty-Nero's persecution, 13,')W
" Kxceas-English rc\oiutlon. 190',)
" I':xtravagaiicc-i;xaniii!(' of C, 397
again-t Lalior Probus's .soidlers.310
Natural r.-Cleanliness- Watts. 91T
of Opposition-Religious. .3933
" Oppression-Liberty. .3229
Piety by r. of sins. 4180
Political r.-Van Buren's Admin. 51
of Public opinion -Cavallers-P. 398
Social r. against Puritans. 303
Unexpected r.-.Tames II. 315
U-iii
UKVKUli; l{|N(J.
Hc<. VH'lhMlTIKKS.
Vi Mr*> Knff nr>hUliy. I»t0
" " -(.'oluinliui. air.)
*• " -( ' ,rpri»m«. awi
Do ADVKUSITV ind DKKKAT
ill /...■,
RKVKIIIK.
MUroUaiu-nii-* nn-*i n>fi>ri-ntM>H,
DI«cov«ry hjr r. (iiuvltatUiii. 2-,l»&
LoRt III i-.'Hhiiiii«I .lolinmui. 'iHlO
Sic IMAIirNATluN in I'ic.
HEVIVAL.
MlBCflliiiH'oni* I r>)rtM'rrfer\jic«»i.
of Art III Itulf. 1)11
" '• '• Iftih century. 34.'5
lliily. .IIH
" CIvlllziitlon In E.,A.i).Hfl5-15l4 itp.'
" Kilui'iitlon In Kurope. ItlJ
Si'o COWKIISION 111 he.
HKVOL.T.
BupprttHHlon of r. Soldlms,
Hi> INSl'KKKirriON.
Hiipprrs.itid-Am. Ici! volution.
.H.^r MfTlNV.
Courujfe upitlnHt ni. (.'luiiar.
Cruel m. llcM-y Ilmlson.
by DiHappiilntrneiit Columbus.
Koforn) by m -Hrltlsh nnvy,
of SttllorH-Urlilsti imvy.
1 l.'W
♦;n,i«
•:i7.'.7
•HTflH
•ar.M)
*37t)0
<iuolle(l hy (iene.'iil .lackson. 1963
Sullorn' m,, Colunibus'. in 10
UnpiiralU'lfd m. -Scottish 8'ld'rs,30()
Wir UKUEM.In.N in l,ic.
H EVOLUTION.
by f'ontaKliiiiAm. anil I'Vance. * 1H73
Instantaneous r.-Turltans. •4M7J
MlHrcllaiiciiUH crdBH-ri'fi'iiTiron
by Accident-Maiden liisulft'd.
C'llinal"' promotes r.
Consplr.icy for r.-Cleomenes.
OoQtempt prepares for r.
Diplomatic r -Nap. -Spain.
Ill ijuruted by C'romwell-P.
Literary r.-Thomas Palne's.
Llturtty brlnKS r. -Scots,
by Oppression of the poor-K.
Plot for r.-Vlclous.
Provoked by lejclslatlon.
" " Imprudence of f.
UnrecoKnlzed by I,ouls XVI.
Kee KKliEM.lUN in tuc.
REVOLI'TIOIVS.
Injustice brings r.
Retrogradl ve r.-Uest'n of C.II.
REWARD.
Destitute of r.-J. Smith,
of Gratltude-CJen. (irant.
l-nexpectcd r.-Alexander.
!l.-il
ai I.')
3'.»0-,'
vm
•110
KhT
.33^'.)
i.M.'iO
1110
9h0
. 413
*487.5
*4876
*.1877
*4h:h
♦4H79
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Declined for patriotic effort. 4042
In Future life- Mahomet's. 37.33
Genius without r -Milton. 4*J
Inadequate r. for war. 10r-.i
Kldlculoits r. for tidings of Geo. 11 '.»
Wrontfed In r.-E Whitney. aifJl
See RETHIIJUTION and WAGES
in toe.
RICHtTiK).
Duty of the r.-KpamliiondH". ♦ Ihho
Cross iffiTviir*'.
(Jovernmi'iil fnviirH the r. 3io;j
UIVUKS.
Avarl(?e Willi r I'ylhlu'H. '4881
In Contentment Phocloii •I88'.'
I tespUed -Ottomans. •188.1
.loy In r.Sudd.n •48S4
Power with r. I'hillp. •Iis8.'>
SllKhlcd Solon. •18811
Superseded -(Jici'liiim. •4887
Tendenuy of r , Deeradliiif. '4888
Incertalnty of r.-l»louy.slin. •48.'<',i
MUsf lluni'inH ii"-iH i-'-rcri'in'i's.
(ilorltled by Cato ilie Censor. I <'.'
I'so of r., True Pyllilus. 4H81
Vanity of r (iod needrd. i'37U
Hee (ill], I)
Craze for c-liinlKraiils to .\ra.*!M88
Koluslon of If.- I.olldoiiers. ♦J.389
" " -Spaniards. ♦■,'.1110
vs. Labor-Cortoz. ♦•i'litl
Kuined by ir.-J. A. Butter. •aair,'
Captivated by jt.-Demosthenes. 07S
Corrupted by g-^'^PTtans. .W.-id
Crop of K.- Dream. • i!5'J.3
Delusion of jf- ■Jnm«'stown. '.'807
DelUHlve hopes of K 1984
Kxcltinif discovery Ca. 1974
Punishment-Melted x.-CraShiH. 431
SouK'it by I Newton Alchemist. 814
Value of ({. -Indian's estimate. 4.'i7
Hue (JOM'SEEKKKS.
Delusion of jf.-s at Jamestown. '^807
' " " a388
" " " -Londoners
" " -Spaniards.
" " " -California.
" " " -Visionary.
See WKAI.TII ,,il„.;.
RIDE.
Cross rt'fiTi'iu'o.
Hard r.-90 Miles-Mary Stuart.
RIDICL'IiE.
Changed by m"rU-Purltans.
Conquered by Napoleon I.
Cures Cowardice-Arab.
Defended by r.-C.-esar.
of Greatness Julian's.
Public r. of Irish agents.
Punlshed-HeliKlon.
Keformutlon by r.-Laws.
Revolution by r. -Wales.
Unconscious of r.-George III.
Unfelt-Dlogenes.
Warning in r. Whltefleld.
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Butt of r.-D'Argens.
" " " -Goldsmith,
of Dignity-King upset.
" Enemy-Tlgranes.
Exposure to r. -Columbus.
Failure of r.-Burke.
Fear of poets' r. -Burns.
3','37
^.'tiOl
1580
3H-,>9
a587
49
a:i8«
8390
-'73,')
'«1-.'
JlHl
(;i(M)
*4.S!K)
•1891
•189L'
•4893
•4891
•4895
*489«
* mr
♦4898
♦4899
*4(KX)
♦4901
I'eitrof r I lergy. Mil)
of riiiniU.alliin Painful r. 3;i»
liniirovement undor r -Plato, 1:114
better than Indignation. n7T'l
InuflTeetivr r Kng MethodlHts. 4ii6<)
Mutual Fred II. and \n|lalre. ;|
Oltloe of r. Sliaine Error 3:;J4ti
oppiiNi'dby r. DeinoNlhi'iieii. 9041
of Poverty-Seiit« Johnnon. 4!i."iJ
" Itefiirm-Ciilenilar ehaiiged. liOn
Kefiinn by r.-Peler the Great. I1'J4
of Kellglon of < ailiolli''. 474'4
" Sanctimony In advert. sements. 0(1
Cuexpected r.-li.'it dagger scene. 49
Victim of r. Goldsmith. Uimt
Weapon against Infldellly '-'h.Ii)
Sre DiailSIO.N.
Put.llo d. at theatre Walker, *|,'),'W
Coniiuered by perseverance.
He« MOCKEUV,
of Agony of martyrs.
" KxtortlontT-Kiitlnus.
" UBllgion-Emper'T Michael.
Taunt of Women-lnfluenoe of.
Se S.VEEIl.
Sarcastlos. nt Demosthenes.
Sneer for s. -Colonel Tarleton.
Bee COSTE.MPT In '.,, .
RI»HT.
of Might-English earls.
" " -William HI.
" " -Sword,
by Precedent Napoleon I.
and Wrong-Boundaries.
'IIM
1308
4','7
47','1
•JOOl
«7'J
♦4yo-J
♦4903
♦4904
♦4',»0.')
•49i)ti
Mlseelliiiieinis cross-referi'no
of MIght-Conuuest.
vs. " -Am. Hevoiutlon.
of Heprisal-Anil) robbers.
I'iKluestloned, ye' false.
See ETHICS.
Boundaries In e.
See CONSCIENCE
109S
.VJ-,'4
4!l','l!
574,'
4901!
lor
RlftHTS.
Asserted-Wm. Wadsworth. *4907
Ignored-Chas. 11. '*l',iiH
Importance of r.-Squatter S. * IWi
Maintenance of r. by exercise. *49ia
Petition of r.-Parllument. *4;)1 1
Sentimental r.-Political. ♦49l'i
.Miscellaneous cross references.
Assertod-Am. Indians. 4831
Character by maintaining r. 768
Compromised, Legal r. 'i48
Defence of r.-Don't tr'd on me. 39.39
" " Imperial r. Cer'mony.7r)«
Demanded, Legal r.-Penn. ,'3053
Denied-Subjugated Irish. .3911
Determination to maintain r. 278.1
" " have r.
Natural r. of man.
Unequal r. -Puritans-Indians.
Women's r. demanded.
333:)
4.530
1859
6093
See .irsTICE and LIBERTY in loc.
RING.
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Gift of r, Joy by-Napoleon. 2;353
4316 1 Stratagem by r.-Adulterer. 3J78
'li-
«4I4
.•Klit
•rt,
i;iu
Br:;t
Utf
.«nw
Irti
:i
3;M0
;«.
8(|«1
41|.%J
fd.
im
at.
U'M
4rii
iientN.Du
*<^eno. 49
Sim
'Jh:\i\
♦l.vtu
4ir,i
vm
■i-.v
'1.
ir-,'.i
of.
^•301
UIOT-IU'LKH.
*4!N»-.'
*4B04
♦4!»()r>
*490(;
109S
4nS{!
574,'
4!H)(i
RIOT.
NIghlof r.-Fllgbt o( JamoM I[,*4ai:)
Crou-r<-ritri.>ncc.
I'ondomned by WHshlngton.
4!(:..i
RIOTS.
C'rum ri'feri'iH'n,
ChrldtnjHJi r.-I'urltaiiH. 8UI5
Sieu MOD.
Aiulaoltyof I'HrlHiu.-Uovolutlon.firii
«'iilmti<mM aiiilil tliu m -Wealejr. UU8
<'t Kaniitlcn ooiitniUed by dom. 40
MiMtakun-C'iunu put to deuMi 3;-i
TorrlfyliiB m. New York dnui. »l(l
Hm I.\sr-UUK(T10N in Iw.
niNINU.
Early r. of \\a»blin<iMii *i'tu
-Siu KAIll,V UI.^IMl,
SItiuplneM from CI'. m,
Dream of an a.-Cdimt (li> U. )8S
Ilouored-Oeo. Vllllers by .Ins. 1.4<4i
" -Dl8«ract'ful a. Uu;
See ADVIiXTrUEHs.
DIsappolnted-Tbeodorlo an.) C,
Niimenmsa.wUli ''apt..!. Smith *su
Reniarkabli' a.-De Soto'g ex.
Successful a -Thr.e men.
^te VK.NTriirv
InstruotU'n V, of Franks.
t'rosa-referenct'.
Trifles vitiate service.
(MUwIllcl ••lliKton" W. Hiiott. II)
Tliruat of r.-Nen, lirltannloui. M»i!t
RIVAI.RY.
Hiwlness 1 Steamboat,
an ()l>st*cle-l'oll ics.
HmjccHsfui r. Ulzzlo.
of Talont v«. Money-Uiiim-.
t ' -.uspectiid r.-llrotlium.
10 IS
•7:1
♦Tl
RI»iK.
Cross rofiTencc.
-Assumftd by Alnx.'s plijPhii.ian
Beti Al)\ 1;N IL-KK,
< ourageous a. -Lieut. CushlnR,
DarloK a. -Napoleon I.
I'asidon fill ,1 Conquest. *:."i
}'rlmltlvo a., (,!•(). Washington's. ,ii
Spirit of a -Wm. I'arry. *77
L')ve of a.-YoUiiK Lincoln. ;jjTu'
Youibful a.-Komantlc-Cortez. :i:a\
See ADVENTt'RKIl.
Born a.-lleniaiido ( 'ortcz. *7,s
iii;ii
»57'>3
nernif'-Sherniairs inarch loth» s.70
Bee DANtJKK iiii<l GAMBLING
RirntMsm.
Hejeoteu-CatholU'-Enffland. • |ii|..
46aj
RIVAL.
Succeti^ful r.-Mary q of Scots. *491tl
I'nsuspected r.-ii iirother. ♦4017
Mlscellaii i^ c-n.-^.s-refercm^ -
Abuse of r. In politics. -15
Ambitious r. against Wash. is«
Authority in r.'llglon-U. Vltl. 43»)1
Bitterness toward r.-Clay. 4-.M7
Dangerout r. to royalty. 4-v'Mt
Dislike of r. ( oero. 4454
Hateful r.. Wife's. 6O68
Jealoiis of r.-O. (JoUIsmlth. 4453
" " " -S. .lohnson. 44.ii)
Mortifying success of r. doctor. 4IfiH
• 111 If
•4III9
•19 111
• llC'il
*49I7
Success of r.-Ucignof (.'has. II.*ti).'"
M'!<''|.||ttiiei)iiH ' niss-roferenc
('<mtldence in r. ic warded.
state plundered iiv r
ROUKKHV.
Kxi'used by A .s.
Uoyiil r.- Uoiiry ) il.
I'onnlving with p. Homaiis. 1298
" " -English. 'Ji;w
< oiitempt of p Homan. ii4-(
Government Indifferent to p.-K.-^i-n
Impunity of p.-Bribery. i^'io
Trii ileto p.-Algerlnc 5711
Se. THEFT ii. /■
ROITIANCK.
Origin of the word r. »4'.i^'s
Miscellaiiip^ni^ ernss-referencfa.
in Ilistory-Pocahoiitas. 3.')74
" " -Pretty teet. ShKi
MIscell.iriCiiiis i i.i.« rcfiTcnc-e.
of I'hyslclaiin-Dlvers.i systems. .">.)H.J
See cn.MI'ErniD.V.
Famn by o.-|)|scovert'r!<. a)i7
Protrrfis by c, jk).,'
Unworthy o, I'ml vh I'upp.ls. 18*")
UIV \LH.
MI'Ol'llaill" inM n r.TCIlCCH,
r'oiiibat of r im-bain. :ihM
l>efeiit of r. by.Iefferson Lovars.;).T,t;
Discord in gov't by r. Aero, 'Jll,')
Kfrtiaio '■■ <»(!tKviii vs. Ci'op'tr 1 fil.'iti
.Icaioii- f r. -Hroth«rs. KM)
" "S. Joloison 41.111
" " "-Hobe^i I'lro. 44N'.'
Wife vs. Coiiirubiii. moo
Seo.IKAI.. -\ /„ loo.
110 «DS.
ImprovcmiHii ..f r.-l.rigland. ♦inji
ROHBICU.
Iloiiored-Jcrnm. k. ■ )<(■,>•,>
ROHRRRM.
Honored (laiKlc Duval. ♦4!»:.'.i
Iliinflngr.-U'ii .dhoiinds. ♦ili-.'i
of I.ovH Dropped dead.
'■ ' for .lohiisun.
Perils of r.-Cortez a lover.
Power In r. .lane Mae\ r«a.
in nellglon Pouahoiuaa.
spirit of r. Ulehard I.
in U iir-" lor God and llitr."
H4».n.%NlMttf.
Civil asNiiii itionsof It.
Di-llveraii. . from K.-Prajer.
nispluy .if r Priests
Hatred f H.-ProtesliiMt«.
liiHiilted tiy ProtestaiitH.
agiiiiist Llberty-Mngna ( harta.
*• tk •' »t
(>P|ir«sslon of H. th" Poor.
Patronized by .laines II.
Itelief In U.S. .loblisoll.
and the Mtate SIxius V.
' -llonlfaeo \III
" " " -Innocent III.
I04.->
*49'v'G
• I9l'7
Miitcellaneoiis croBS-refennifS.
luliumaii r. of .Moslems by Turks. I
Legalized r., Speculiitors. 5-J71)
Partial r, unresonted. 4H(I4
See HfCC A NKEH.
E.\cused-.Sir Francis Drake. [){)■>
.Se PIKACV.
Ancient English n. •hn.'j
National p.-Kiig, and France. l»Hii
See I'IKATES.
' oiinlvance with p.-(i(n t. *4is<;
Period of p -Uomans. *41S7
-i:ngl..iid.
" ' -A.ssiiniptloti
RomrA^iflTs.
Alicgiancu of It outb.
I (enounced -Croniw 'Ml
I'lol (/f It uasassllimilon
s. e CA Mliil.fc.^ ,„ (,,
ROYALTl.
.\troeity of r.-Conslttiitlnople,
.Matornal r.-.\apol«of. I
Miseries of r. -Stuarts •
overthrotwn at Milan. *
Kejected-statiie of <ie«i.. Ill ♦
See Kl.\(i ' .r.
RI'Di<:!VK«IM.
Mlwclhiiiicm.. ir ., ril'eri-ne*-
Office of r.-HestraIn vice.
Stiperllclal r.-John*<>n.
with Wisdom-I)io«»nps.
See AWKWAKDNESv
.nd Agllity-Poet Shtdley.
3.1 IH
*M9
3:i.'>.'l
.MUH
t;'i.'i
•.•imi
")'.r.".i
•i;i'.">
♦i',i.)ii
•r.i.M
• I9;IJ
'4;»:i;|
• )!I.U
• itt.v.
' I'l t(l
• t'.i.)7
• mm
*4!i:l9
*P»ll»
'1 III
• t
CHI
•l!H»
•rii.'.
•lit I'l
'11117
•KM'l
*l'i-„i
•C.i.il
* I9.^-'
♦ |!IM
Kxhiblted-Riiquette.
See IN-' I.T inloc.
RlilV.
Impressive r Konie.
Inevitable r.-I)llemma.
Niitional r. by expansion.
.■HI7
mis
•H:)
Ml8cellane<'Utj cru ^ referet.i
by Lxtravagance-Cato,
Se.' CALAMITY in he.
RL'LER.
Capable • Klld.ire
Coneelteil r.-Jame> II.
LrobHrraf^.ed r Prince of W.
Kxceilent r -Saladln.
Foolish r.-.lustinlaii.
GMsat r -.Vifred the Great.
'" -Charles Martel.
" "-'anute.
Horrible r Nero.
Independent r.-.)a»ies I.
Monster r. -Mahomet IIL
Natural r,-( ieneral Grant.
•4954
♦49.-.1
*49.^tt
2014
* (a.lT
♦l'.i.->H
*4ft.'.9
•49tiO
*4961
• IINa
•496;}
•4964
•4965
•4966
*4!167
*49ad
m
IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TAPGET (MT-3)
%
/.
^/
/.<^
'./
^
1 1.0
I.I
li^MM 12.6
lis H^ |2.2
111
lU
140
I
i
2.0
L25 i 1.4
1.6
PhotTgraphic
Sciences
Corporation
4^
^•v
4
%
^
cF
:\
\
33 WEST MAIM STREET
WEBSTER, NY. ^)S80
(716) 872-4503
%g
WPi' -*-
9215
HULEI18— SACRIFICES.
Popular r.-Eraperor Adrian. *4!)09
" "-CharlemaKno. *4'J70
Righteous r.-Uanlsh klnK. * 1071
Kuinous r.-Palicolonus. * lOTJ
Shamelesa r.-(,'barle» II. *l!tr3
Spirited r.-C'li*rles XII. *liiri
Superior r.-Ilenry VII. *4!i7r)
MlsccUnncous crr.ss-referencea.
AcknowledKed, Artfully. 21.".2
of All-Child-Theini>t(.-les. 7!i;>
Ai bitra: y r.-Terrlfyliitf-F. \Vm.l07i
.\ni);,'ant r.-Timour. 1U3
Atrocious r -Emp. Canicalla. i;i;i3
Avaricious meaiineSii of r. S0C4
" r. -Prefect Uufluus. 427
Careless r.-Fredorlcli V. 4201
Character security forr. 3253
Chosen by lot-Turkman's. 3.333
Coerced by captors-Mexican. 40Ky
Contempt for F.-Charles I. .^.'i-'S
Contemptible r.-Emp. Angelus..3K.m
" "-Jaines I. 2428
" "-Charles I. miS
" "-Charles IV. Sp.4490
Ccft-pse of Constantlne. 2Ki8
Deraoralizlns r.-Nero. 4373
Despicable-Philip II. of Spain. 902
Disgraceful r.-Uenry l'I.-B'K«"r 120()
" "-E. IV., Voluptuous.47
" "-Pres't College. 3177
Effeminate r. -Claudius. 387G
Energetic r.-Emp. Trajan. 1803
Equality of peop e with r. 3228
Exasperating r. denounced. 3523
Feeble r.-Cromwell's son. 59.57
Folly of r. overruled. 4.553
Gentleness-Excesslve-Ch'rllaus. 2.394
Government without a r.-Rom.2013
Hereditary r.-Kldiculous. 2451
Ignominious r -James II. 3653
Illiterate r. -Elder Justin. 2720
Imagination the r. of men. 2739
Impartial r. -.Son-Turk. .3003
"-Emp. Julian. 3141
Independent by degradation. 109
Incompetent r. -James II. 7(i2
Inconsiderate r. -James II. 3853
Infantile r. -Henry VI. 700
Insane r.-Cambyses-Perslan. 2881
" "-George III.-Nine yrs. 8884
" " "-St"mp Act.2879
" "-Cliangeful-Ch'rles VI.3512
Insolent r.-Jiimes II. 2890
Just purpose of r.-Canute. 3001
Natural r.-Crontiwell. 3921
" "-Indian chief. 415
Negleotful r.-Emp. Theodoslus.t878
Obnoxious r.-Tory-N. Y. 4077
Obtuse r.-Self-destructlve. 2127
Outrageous r.-Wm. the Conq. 3913
Partiality of r.-Ileliglous-J. II. 4009
Partisan r.- James II. 3926
Popularity of r. diminished. 4044
Prepared r. -Peter tlie Great. 2328
Pusillanimous r. slain. 2411
Eash r.-Drunken-\Var. 16x4
Reflections in death, C'mf 'rtlng.2395
Remarkable r.-Cromwell. 8327
Responsibility of r. 4826
RidlcuIed-Offended-lIadrlan. 6029
liulnous r.-Obstlnate .lames II. 3519
Safety of virtuous r. 3873
Sclf-disfc-raced r. -Montezuma. 4088
" -government of r.-Nap. I. 3.595
Shameless r.-Mary Stuart. 4916
" " -Commodu*. 5105
Skilful r.-Ulchelleu. 2424
Spiritless r.-Unworthy-Hich. II..5.'J81
Support of r., Enthusiastic. 40.35
Unhappy r.-MaxlmuR. 183
UnquallfleU r.-llonorlus. 1877
Unrighteous r.-Charles II. 4908
Vicious r.-Emp. Carinus. 2029
Virtuous r.l'ertiiiax. .5841
Wii'e r. of husband -IJelisarius. 2tW(i
' " -(;arrii3K. It)f3
Woman rules the r. -James II. 28-12
" " " -Nero. 4.373
" the ruler-Lady Fairfax. .5994
RUIiEKS.
Change of r.-'I'ontlac's \Var."*4970
Many r.-slx Emperors. *4977
Precise parental-Howard. *4978
Responsibility of r.-Charles II.*4979
" "-British. ♦49K0
Terrifying r.-Uoman. *4itHl
Uneducateil-"Crowned ass." *4982
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Age of evil r.-Roman Empire. 121
Anomalous female r.-Eiigland.2264
Antagonistic r. multiplied. 2415
Atrocious r.-Successlve. 4949
Dangerous r.-DeoemvIrs. 2409
Deception of Roman r. 3837
Destroyed by subjects-Scots. 2414
Duplicated-N. J.-Ten years. 2408
Female r. opposed-Knox. 0074
God-honoring r.-Llncoln's c. 4.379
Piety of r. needful. 4179
Responsibility of r.-Roman. 4086
Ruinous to Spain. ."lae
Too many r.-Napoleon I. 4K08
Unhappiness of r.-Ca;sar. ,5413
Women r. of men-Cato. 6138
.'<n,i AUTOCRAT.
Military a.-Pompey. *423
Royal a.-Henry VIII. *424
.See KI\(;.
of Fanatics-John Raccold. *307S
Infant k. -James of Scotland. *3079
" " -Henry VI. *3080
Odd k.-G. Washington-Si?.m. *3081
Unklngly k.-Jiimes II. ».30H2
Degraded-Musician or m'n'rch.2C00
Distinguished from others. 2894
Do-nothing k. of Slam. .3081
God the k. of Romans. 1328
.lesus the honored k.-Godfrey. 2671
Lawless k. vs. Loyal man. .3:557
Mistaken for the k. IDOO
Nominal vs. Real k. -England. 2605
Office of k. declined -Cromwell. 3868
" " 3189
Sllghted-Louls P.-Incog. in Am. 217
Young k. dlfciplined-Henry VI. 1020
Sec AUTIIOKITY, GOVERNMENT
iiiid OKFIOEU in toe.
RVIiES.
Cross-reference.
Independence of r.-Success. 1247
RIJIfIOR8.
Welcomed r.-Death of Cha8.II.*498S
(,'rnss-reA.'rence.
Panic pnjduced by r.
See REI'OKT in he.
RUNAW^AY.
Distinguished r.-Plzarro.
3982
♦4984
Mi8cel!ane(Mis cro.sB-references,
from Abuse of parent. 3;i89
Arrested-Davld Crockett. 6.34
Reformed-David Crockett. 637
from Sohool-Gai Ibaldi. 5027
Successful-B. Franklin. 6.38
" -San"uol Houston. 905
See FU(ilTl\ E in loc.
SARUATH.
Defenceless on the S,, .Tews. •498.5
Desecrated by nobility. *4986
-London. ♦4987
Desecration by law. *4988
Misspent, Last S.-charles II. ♦498!>
Observance enforced. *4990
Privacy on the S.-Wash. *4931
Rejected In France. ♦4993
Cross-reference.
} Amusements on the S.-E.ln 1593.824
I See SUNDAY.
! Burdensome to S. Johnson. ♦533-S
SARRATH-RRF.AKING.
Miscellaneovis cross-references.
by Amusements-Eng. games. ;Vi4
" -Lond.,yr. 1141. 4987
Denouncement of S.-b.p'nish'd.2040
Law requiring S.-b. 4988
by Nobility. 49Sa
SACRA OTENT.
iDOonslstency with s.-Joan. *4993
Miscellaneous cro?Brefe:-ence3.
Sacrilegious s. of hypocrites. 2697
Test for civil ofuce. 3841
" of s.-BenefioIarles. 528
See EUCHARIST
Blessing in e.. Spiritual. 5085
See HAPTISM in loa.
sacrifice;.
Consumed by lightning.
Human s. -Arabs.
" " -Gauls.
" " -Swedes.
" " -Romans.
♦4994
♦4995
♦4990
♦4997
♦4998
Mlscellaneoiia cross-references.
Human s., Oath with. ?83f
for Life, floor's s. 5968
of Life, I oUtlcal 8. 5793
Religious s. of natural pleasure. 402
to Save life, Shameful s. ;W79
of Wealth, Religious s.-Wesley.5973
SACRIFICES.
Christian B.-.Iohn Newton. ♦4999
Ministerial s.-Thos. Smith. ♦,5000
Miscellaneous cross-references.
for Education at fifty years. 1775
" " -Colonists. 1773
^,^
398*
3;«'J
034
637
5027
038
905
for Education-Harvard. 1791
of Luther. 1820
-Wm. Pemi. 1767
-Yale College. 17H3
Human s.-Anclent Uermans. 0161
" "-Druids. 1374
" of Druids. 6108
of Love, Wentworth's a. 2516
Parental s. for education. 1777
of Piety-Queen Lsabella. 4182
for Pride, Goldsmith's. 44.55
" Religion, Wra. Penn's. 4745
See SELF-DENIAL anil SELF-
SACRIFICE (■» loc.
SACBIIiEGE.
Infamous s.-Hakem the Turk.
Sectarian s.-Catholics.
*,5001
*,'J003
Miscellaneous croaa-refercncea.
Grave opened-Death. 2471
Holy places of Jerusaltm-C. 324
See DESECRATION.
Horses stabled In St. Paul's-C. 800
See SAUBATII-BREAKINO.
by Amusements-Eng. games. 224
-Lond.,y^. 1141.4987
Denouncement of S.-b.p'nlsh'd.2040
Law requiring S.-b. 4988
by Nobility. 4980
SAFETV.
Public s. by Gothic hostages.
Seltishs. -Darius.
*5005
*5004
Failure of r.-Karthquake-Llsbon.731
In Prayer from Adverslty-G.\V.4382
-A. J. 4387
Temple of r.-Poundlng of Kome. i87
SAOACITY.
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Political s.-Henry Clay. 4275
" "-Professional pollt'n.4274
See SKILL.
Misapplied s. -Perpetual m'tl'n.*5168
Proof of s.-Rothschild. *5109
SACKILEOK— SCHOLAH.
Intentional s.-Wash. Irving. 020
Uenowu(!d s. -Admiral Blake. 2.345
.SAILORS.
Destitution of Eng. s.-Chas. II. *:MH
Patriotic 8. -English. *5009
.Mlscellanciiiis cross-references.
Avoided by P^gyptlans.
Deliverance of suflferiiigs.
Destitute of s -Russia.
the First s.-Phrenlcians.
Impromptu s. -English navy.
Mutiny of s. -Cruel-Hudson.
'-English navy.
(I I. 11 .1 (I
Patriotic s.-.-\merican.
Peril of s. -Captain Cook.
Superstition of s., Columbus'.
" " -St. Elmo.
See NAVIGATION.
L'ndeveloped-itomans.
See NAVY.
Formidable n. -Invincible A.
Need of a n. -Peter the Great.
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Ashamed of s.-Gen. In battle. 1269
by Boldness-Cortez. 26.53
in Counsel-Battle. 1221
Dishonorable s.-Maxlmin. 2060
Indifference to personal a. 1391
Neglect of personal s.-Ctesar. 1402
See ASYLUM.
«f Refuge-Rome. *387
Poor man's-Colony of Georgia. 532
See REFUOE.
Sanctuary for r.-15th century. *4659
Secured in America. *4660
Marksman's s.-Commodus. <3430
"-Crockett. 4.322
See EXPERT in loc.
SAIIiORr
Great s.-C'abot. *5006
Youthful s.-Sir Francis Drake.*5007
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Brave s.-Parragut at maintop. 486
Intentional s. -Young Irving. 2734
Battle, Fierce-Paul Jones.
Demoralized by corruption.
Ignorance commanding n.
Immense-Roman n.
Promoted in n., Favorites.
Promotion in n., Unmerited.
Speedily construuted-Caesar's.
See VOYAGE.
Celebrated v. of Greeks.
Preparation for v.-Church.
;i02ii
;J802
ys.5
101.-)
3757
3i.59
.3700
1000
1319
390H
lh.53
*3800
*:«<01
*:5802
53lij
1615
2718
2 158
4487
3895
39
'5867
'5808
Fatal v.-Youth to labyrinth. 0051
Prevented, Happily-Goldsmith. 30/31
See PIRATES, SEA and SHIPS
in Itic,
SAINT.
Miscellanoous cross-references.
Austere s.-St. Francis.
Bloody s.-Slglsmond.
Changed to a s.-Loyola.
Fanatical-Simeon Stylltes.
1. 1. 11
vs. Heretic-Joan of Arc.
Useful s. -Zoroaster's s.
SAINTS.
Canonized by pope.
Marks of s.-Joan of Arc.
Pillar s.-Slmeon Stylltes.
Worship of s.-Introductlon.
Cross-references.
by Austerity-Monks. 408
Fanaticism of s.-Monkery. 3083
Pillar s.. Felly of. 4700
Reign of s. -Fanatics. 2092
See CHRISTIANS .-.nd RELIGION
iyi loc.
SALARY.
Supplementary-Eng. officials *5014
See "WAGES in luc.
SALT.
Cross-reference.
Currency In s.-Abyssinla. 1964
SANCTUARY.
('ro.ss-rofi'rciice.
Refuge in s.-15th century.
See CHURCH in lof.
SARCASItl.
Merltod-Leave tlio Thumes.
3304
4188
7.58
4700
.5012
1720
0155
■►.5010
*50n
*5012
*E013
'.)-i[)
4059
♦5015
Crosri-refert.'iice.
Retort of s.-Klchard I. 4838
See IRONY.
Apostate's hatred shown. 2.549
Invader's apology to CiKsar. 250
See MOCKERY.
of Agony of martyrs. 1358
" Extortionor-Ruflnus. 427
" Religion-Emperor Michael. 4723
Tuunt of Women-Influence of. 2504
See INSULT and RIDICULE
//* toij.
SATIRE..
Cniss-ri't'rrt'nee.
Stlnglnft s. -Beneficial. 1.305
See liirilLESQUE.
by Caricature-Pope- England. 4933
Christmas festivitiiis-ltaly-I". 8.50
See RIDICULE in luc.
SWXfiES.
Ancient s. of (ieriiiany. *,5010
(ienlla s.-Xativcs of St. Thos. *.5017
See INDIANS (Ameuican).
Deluded by-"Most gentle and l.".'!8
Embraced by palnttd I.-G. .54
Plea for protection of i. 4.5.37
SAVIOUR.
False s.-Titus Gates,
in a Name-" Solon."
See CHRIST in loc.
SCANDAL.
Victim of s. -Charles Wesley.
♦5018
♦5019
♦5120
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Opportunity for s.-A. Jackson. 3453
Religious s. -Prostitutes. 3986
Unsusceptible to s. 2588
SCANDALS.
Ecclesiastical n.-Romans. ♦5081
See CALU.MNY, DISGRA(;E, LICEN-
TIOUSNESS and SIIA.ME
in loc.
SCARCITY.
Valuebys.-Sibylline books. ♦SOaa
SCEPTICS.
Superstitious s.-Earl of S. ♦5023
SCEPTICISM.
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Prejudice charges s. 4413
Punished by fanatics. 3078
Unwarranted s.-Atlantic cable. 8216
See INFIDELITY in loc.
SCHEIVE.
of Assassination-Wholesale. 1140
Assassination, Rosamond's s. of 67
-Catherine deM.6066
of Benevolence-Colony of Ga. 4299
" " Woman's s. 4192
Visionary s. -Railroads. 4010
SCHOLAR.
Mi' cellaneous cross-references,
Comparative 8.-17th century. 0;;4
Eminem 8. -Petrarch. 621
!i !
030
III
SCHOL%RS.
Ml>ci-]luneo\is ctohh rcferfncos.
Ej juMon of s. by James II. 1908
Independence of s.-Jameg II. 28iK)
Mlgjudgment of s.-Pll(C.'HPro({. 108
Rivalry of g.-Isaac Newton. 176
-W. Hoott-"Button."19
See STUDENT.
Belated-Charlemagne. *680T
Folly of s.-OUver Goldsmith. ♦S.WO
Hoyal s.-Charlemagne. *5308
Close s.-John Milton. 0311
Precocious s. -Alexander Pope. 4403
Pride stimulates s.-Newton
Pagllistio g.-IIURh Miller.
Royal 8.-Queen Elizabeth.
Rules ignorud by a.
See STUDENTS.
Patriotism of g.-Am.Rev'lutlon.4072
See STUDIES.
Ancient s.-Italy.
Sec STUDY.
Devoted to s.-T. Jefferson.
" " "-Prest. Madison
Preparation by s.-J. Milton.
4492
!i4(>3
6098
2<HM
♦5370
*537I
*53T8
*5373
*5374
Napoleon I.*M75
In Death-Sea-chart. 1445
Devotion to s.-Young Nap. 4891
Dislike for s.-Robert Fulton. 5024
Humble a. of Burns. 1016
Incentive to s.-Emulatlon. 5025
Passion for s.-Blaise Pascal. 2324
Perseverance In s.-Csesar. 1491
Plan of s. vs. Plan of Batile. 2330
Prolonged s.-All nlght-MUton. 1014
Success by continued s. 4032
SCHOIiARSHIP.
Defective s. of Robt. Fulton. ♦5021
by Kmulatlon-Charles XII. ^5025
Revised s. of Arabs ♦5026
See EDUCATION, KNOWLEDGE,
SCHOOL and STUDENT
in loc.
SCHOOli.
Aversion toward s. -Garibaldi.
Caste in s. -Harvard.
Discipline Is s.-S. Johnson.
Every where-Socrates.
of Observatlon-II. Miller.
Perils of s.-Edgar A. Poe.
Trials at s.-Napoleon I.
♦5097
♦.5028
♦5029
♦5030
♦5o;n
♦5088
•5033
Jliscellancoua crossrefcrenccs,
Discipline-Inconsiderate. 2714
Examination of s.-Napoleon I. 3596
Humiliation at s.-Byron. 3722
Medical s., The first. auss
Se. COLLEGE,
vs. Capital-Location of Yale. *973
Disgraced In President.
Rebellion In c. justified.
Struggles In c.-S. Johnson.
See INSTRUCTION.
Dangerous I. of enemy,
by Defeat-Peter the Great.
" Bxample-Stege of Rome.
3177
248
261
3729
1493
1061
-Divinity of the Son.8S5
SCIIOLAIIS— SCIKNTIST.
by Failure-Mlnuctus. SOSO
Needofl.-Petrarch. 021
Needed with authorlty.-IIow'rd.^ll
Popular 1. by architecture. 287
See KNOWLEDGE.
Desired-Samuel Johnson. ♦.3087
Eagerness for k.-Poet Shelley. ^3088
Happiness by k.-Socrates. ♦3089
Humility for k.-Dlvlne. ♦3090
without I.earnlng-P. Cooper. ♦SOOl
Limitations of k.-Arlstotle. ♦3092
Progress of k.-Arlstotle. ^3093
Promotion by k.-Jared Sparks. ♦30!t4
Sacrifices foi k.-B. Franklin. ♦3095
" "-John Pitch. ♦3090
Theft of k.-Stilpo. ^3097
Cost of k.-Lottery-P. Cooper. 3.3.34
Criminal k.-Persecutlou. 4118
Dangerous k. of law. 3.321
iJxperlmental method In k. 3776
False k. of Aristotle. 2020
Love of k.-Blalne Pascal. 2324
Opposition to k.-Cathollclsm-E. 735
Perilous pride of k.-B.'s defeat. 97
Pursuit of k.-Peter the Great. 2328
Responsibility comes with k. 4825
of k.-"Qunp.p."S089
Self k. by adversity-Fred. V. 84
Unapplied-Chlnese-Compags. 2978
Valueless k. when unapplled-C. 273
See LEARNING.
Dishonored- Jameg II. ^3177
Esteemed by Puritans. ♦SKS
Honored by Tlmour. ♦3179
Secular 1. rejected. ♦SISO
Superficial 1. dififused. ♦SlSl
Wide 1. of Samuel Johnson. ♦3182
Influence of 1. -Courtesan. 1250
Misapplled-Dlscusslon. 2170
Needless-Pl-^ad In Latin. 2164
Proflolepcy In 1.- Egypt-Astron.3530
Progress In biblical l.-Tyndale. 506
See TEACHER.
Punished by scholars. ♦55.30
Relation of t.-Arlstotle. »5537
Responsibility of t.-Aiex. ♦5.538
Value of t. to Alexander. ♦5539
Crime to be a Catliolic t.
Devoted to youth-Ba3da.
Honored-Aristotle.
Ingenious t.-EIl Whitney.
Maternal t. -Lincoln's mother.
Remarkable t.-Hypatla.
Severe t.-Wiongheaded.
Valuable t.-Arlstotle to Alex.
See TEACHERS.
Pay of t.-Athenlans.
2963
6150
3278
88
1789
6078
2714
1813
♦5540
Parental t. of Mrs. Adams. 3497
Tyrannical t., Martin Luther's. 1793
See TRAINING,
for Greatness- Alexander. ♦5008
Lack of military t. +5669
Lasting effect- Walter Scott. ^5670
by Obedience of Spartans. ^5671
Physical t. of Romans. ^5072
Success without t.-Wm. of O. ♦5673
for Manhood-ThemlBtocles.
636
: Military t., Importance of.
198t
Mtsnpplted-Galllenus.
1830
Success without special t.
13S
of Voice by Demosthenes.
68M
.See EDUCATION and SCHOLAR
in loc.
SCHOOI.-DAY8.
Happy s.-d. of S. Joliiuoii.
♦50:J4
SCHOOL-UIRLS.
■
CrciSM-reference.
Captured by s. g.-Nupol«on I
. 3858
SCHOOL-LIFE.
Tedious 8.-1. -Shakespeare.
♦50;J5
Temptations of s.-l.-W.
♦503*
SCHOOL]?IA»TER.
Imltated-Willlam Cowper.
♦5a3r
vs. Soldier-WoUlngton.
♦508*
See TEACHER m loc.
SCHOOLS.
Appreclated-Mass. Colony.
♦.•jOS*
Beginning of s.-N.E. Colonies
♦5040
Christianizeu-Roman.
♦5041
Excellence In Athenian s.
♦5042
Perverted to Romanism.
♦5043
Ragged s.-London.
♦.5044
" "-Po;-tsmcuth.
♦5045
Struggle for s.-James II.
♦504»
Miscellaneous cross-references.
of Art established by C'n8t'nt'ne.364
" " Thr^^es.
34ft
Dangers at s -Isaac Newton.
379
of Painting-Florence, etc.
344
" Vice-Saloons.
580.3
" " -Prisons.
5804
SCIENCE.
an Ally In war.
♦5047
Contributory to art.
♦5048-
Experimental s.-Baconlau.
♦504i>
Infatuated by s.-Pllny.
♦5050
Maglc-llke-Ad. Drake.
♦5051
Patron of art-Navigation.
♦.5052
and Polltics-Ctesar.
♦5053
Miscellaneous cress-reference
.
Advanced by commerce.
OT
Allied to art.
3530
vs. Blble-Columbus.
5055
In Boyhood-Robt. Stephenson
. 030
Contempt of pretentious s.
2034
Defect of s.-Milltary caution.
653
Devotion to s. -Faraday.
537
False 8., Aristotle's.
6015
Fashionable «.-Charles II.
2102
Ignorance of s.-Columbus.
2712
Madman's s.-Sun 4 miles d.
2083
Nature surmounted by s. .
3800
Need of teachings of s.
2713
I'rogress, Age of-GalUeo.
1032
Religion advances s.
3641
Respect for s. -Demetrius.
6215
Uncertainties of s., Medical.
3599
Worship of s.-Timour.
6178
Youthful experiments In s.-S.
639
SCIENTIST.
Miscellaneous cross-references
Deranged by curiosity.
1383
Failure of s. In experiment.
1999
Youthful s.-Newton-Wlnd.
1993
SC0FFP:U— SELF DESTKUCTION.
»;u
1981
1880
13«
S853
LAR
SrOPFKR.
CrciMrffiTiMici'.
VaclUatlriK s.-('harles II.
Ste RIDICULE m(oe.
SCOVRtiINO,
iDeffeotiTe-Japies II.
4766
♦5064
Crons-rpfermc?.
Self-inflloted g.-James II. 1133
SCRIPT tJRE.
Misused BKalnst Columbus. *ii055
Cro8«-refereuce.
Qnieted by s., Mind. 1087
Sec BIBLE in toe.
SCRUPLES.
MlscellaneouH cro»*-rcfcrencc8.
Affected s. of P.lcbard III. 3'<43
Hypooiitioal s.-James II. li,33
Kacramental-Enemies. 260?
Temple robbed-Misfortune. 1100
SCULPTOR.
Mental s. -Socrates. ♦5056
Nobility ln-"Eternallze fame."*S0.57
Sec STATUARY.
Destroycd-Ruln of PaKanlsm. 331
Mutilated by Romans 387
Unappreoiated-S. John-son. 334
See STATUE.
Honored by s.-Cato. ♦5.3.37
Immense s.-Apollo. ♦5338
SEA.
Passion for the b.-J. Franklin. ♦SOSS
See OCEAN.
Barrier of God-Saracens. ♦.3858
Enchanted by Alexander. ♦;3859
Dange"s of the o.-Cartier.
SEA.-RATHING.
Unappreciated In England.
SEAL.
Importance of s.-Britisb.
5868
*5059
♦5060
Crosa-referencp.
Lost and found-Great Britain. 5788
SECESSION.
Planned In New England. ♦5061
Cross-reference.
Mistaken plea-Yulee of Fla.
Sec SEPARATION in loc.
SECRECY.
Deception In s.-Hutohiuaon.
Impenetrable s.-NapoIeon I.
SECRET.
Burdensome s.-Josephine.
5n Woman's care-Cato.
isro
*506a
♦5063
♦5065
♦5064
Cross-references.
Impossible to preserve s.-InT't'n.5a5
Inviolable s. of confessional. 2089
Preservation of s. by murder-B. 687
SECTARIAN.
The wind a " popish " s. ♦5066
SECTARIANISni.
In Death-Mary Queen of Scots, ♦soe?
Narrow s. of Scots. ♦.5068
Miscellaneous cross-references. NELF-CON PI DKNCE.
Military S. of James II. 812 .Ml^rcllrtnc.iH ir(i».s rclVnnaH.
" " 317 I Coronation of self-Xapoleoii. 1.321
Zeal of James II. 8222 " •' " ' i.sai
See CONCEIT iind PKKSU.MPTION
SECTS.
Aversion among b. ♦6o«9
Differences In s. Turk-Persian. ♦5070
" " magnlfled. ♦SO?!
(.'rnss- reference.
Animals representing s.-Airg'ry.231
See CREEuS in luc.
SECURITY.
Mlscellitncuus crossrcferences.
for Debt-Invlslble-Poem. 1400
" " -Embalmed body. 1462
See SAFETY.
Public 8. by Gothic hostages. ♦5005
Selfish s.-Darlus. ^5004
Ashamed of s.-Gen. In battle,
by Boldness-Ccrtez.
in Counsel-Battle.
Dishonorable s.-Maximin.
Indifference to personal s.
Neglect of personal s.-Cwsar.
See PRESERVATION.
Remarkable p. of Mahomet.
Requirement forp.-C'mm'n'sts.
Strange p. of Rome-Geese.
See PROTECTION in loc.
1269
2653
1221
2060
1391
1402
102.3
1003
1961
SEDITION.
Partisan s. -"Blues and G.'
See UIOT in loc.
♦5072
SEDUCTION.
Avenged on Carlnus. ♦5073
by Promises-Henry VIII. *5074
Punishment of s.-Constantine.^,")075
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Punished severely-Aurelian. 4578
Ruinous scheme of s. of P. 67
SEEKING.
for God-Cromwell. *50i6
SELF.
Conquest of 8. -Mahomet. *,5077
First-Honors. *5078
Mastery of s.-Alfred the G. *.')079
SELF-ABNEGATION.
in Ora(,ot,--Demo8thenes *,5()8C
Patriotic s.-a.-Regulus. *.'K)81
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Patriotic s.-a.-Spartans.
Religious s.-a.-Islamism.
" -J. Wesley.
See ABNEGATION.
Selfa. of M. Luther.
Sec SELF-SACRIFICE in loc.
4068
3849
1122
♦8
SELF-COjnra A N D.
against Pear-William III. ♦5088
SELF.CONCEIT.
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Braggart's s.-c.-Royallst In N.Y. 618
Folly of s.-c.-BaJazet-Gout. 611
Personal majesty of Sapor. 441
See CONCEIT in loc.
in lilt*.
SELF-CONQUEST.
OrnsH-rcfererict
by Abstlni'iici'-Mahomet. r)077
SELF-I'ONTROL.
Remarkable s.c.-Duke Fied. *'A)xS
Miscellaneous cross-references
Abandoned-C. J. Pox.
In Kxcitemont.-O. Washington
Power over others by s.-c.
Sleep at wlU-Napoleon I.
la Suppressing Indignation.
" " resentment.
Weakness in s.-c. confessed.
See SELK-roSSESSION.
Brave 8.-p.-A<lmiral Le Fort.
5806
3408
,3.595
5205
5693
4804
.5091
♦.5091
In Danger Charles XII. 1240
See SELF-(10VERNMEN r.
Baals of- Virtue-Intelligence. *.'>087
Capacity for a.-g.-Mass. *5088
Faculty of s.-g.-Romans-Eiig. ♦SOSQ
WIthheld-Colony of VIrginlii. +5090
See CALMNESS in Iw.
SELF-DENIAL.
Conception of 8.-d.-Am.Ind.\s.+5084
Unavalllng-Rev. Bramwell. *.50H5
Miscellaneous cross-references.
lienevolent s.-d.-J. Wesley. 518
" -Mr8.J.F'2tcIit'r.5l9
" -O. Goldsmith. 543
Christian s.-d.-Prlmltive. ;«70
Preserves religlon-Macaulay. 8.58
Religious s.-d. -Ascetics. 359
See SELF-ABNEGATION and SELF-
SACRIFICE in loc.
SELF-DESTRUCTION.
Working for-Making armn. ♦6C8ff
Miscellaneou.s cross-references.
for Science-Crater of Etna.
1383
Terrible s.-d. of Cimbrians.
15.50
See SUICIDE.
Averted s. -Napoleon I.
♦5420
Cause of s.-Samuel Johnson.
♦5421
Cowardice of s.-Am. Indians.
♦5422
Deterred-Benjamln Abbott.
♦.5423
Dyspeptic's escape by s.
♦5424
Escape by s. -Demosthenes.
♦5ia5
Glorification of s. -Stoics.
♦.5426
Mania for s.-WlUiam Cowper
♦.5427
Philosophlo s.-Marous.
♦5488
Remorseful s.-Mrs. Shelley.
♦.5429
Attempted by Cowper. 8691, 2888
at Command of ruler.
3843
by " -forty Wives.
1410
of the Defeated Cimbrians.
1550
for Disgrace-Lucretla.
5786
Fanatic's s.-Rellgious.
3.500
Intentional s.-Youthful W.
1668
IntlmidateJ-Nero.
1270
Paradise gained by s.
1416
PT
d32
HELF-KSTEEM— SEltENADK.
Preparation for s.-Sheller. 3345
" "-Fred. II. 3(i;i8
I'reveated 8., Alexander's. 40*^1
Rufu^re from famine In 8. 2015
" " adversity In a. ."Jiao
hi'qulred-ex-Offlcor-Turk. 3«(i6
Soldier's 8. -Roman. l-iai
" "-.\ntony. 1105
Tem|)tiitlon to H.-M*'lanoholy. 1179
Unhappy by s.-e.-l'luem. li.".!
Sie CONCEIT /« lot:
SELF-KXAiniNATION.
('rosrt-ri'ft'reiUH'.
Call los -e.-Urlor-Alox.'8p"rce.3379
SKLF-GOVEHNMENT.
Bifls of-Vlrtuo-InttUllKunuo. *5087
Capacity fors. (j -Mass. *,')088
Faculty of s.-K.-Komans-Enff. *5()89
Witlibeld-Colony of Vlrfflnla. ♦501)0
.Suo '.'ALMNL.S.S and 8KLF-DENIAL,
in loc.
SELF-imPROVEmENT.
Mlscelhuu'uus crust -ri'feri'iicia.
Bt;lated-ArkwrlKht-50 Years. 1775
UlfHcultles In s.-i.-A. Lincoln. 1787
Sucuessful-O. Washington. 1788
Seo STUDENT m loc.
SELF-INDULGENCE.
Crodrt-rt'ft'rt'iici;.
Kuliious s.-t.-Kox. 5800
Sie INTE.MI'ERANCE, LICEN-
TIOUSNESS and LUXURY
ill luc.
SELFISHNESS.
Petulant s.-lloman nobles. *5096
Miacellancoiis cross-references.
Counsels of s. rejected. 5004
Developed by commerce. 992
Oreedy clerical s. 944
In Politics-Romans 4879
" " 4252
" " -S. A. Douglas. 107
Beign of s. in Ireland. 4253
" " "-War of Roses. 5227
See RAPACITY.
Royal r. of Henry III. *4615
See AVARICE, COVETOUSNESS
and ENVY in loc.
SELF-POSSESSION.
Brave s.-p. -Admiral Le Fort. *5091
Cross-reference.
ill UauKer-Charles XII. 1240
See CALMNESS in loc.
SEL F-PR ESERV AVION.
Miseellaneuus cross-references.
l)y Assasslnatlon-Marcla. 1591
an Excuse-Assassin's. 1128
First, pity afterward. llfil
by Forgery and fraud. 1542
SELF-PROTECTION.
First in War. *5092
See DEFENCE and PROTECTION
in loc.
SELF-RELIANCE.
Itxcellence in-De Liancourt. *5093
isucoess by s.-r.-Gen. Grant. •5094
See SELF-CONFIDENCE.
Coronation of self-Napoleon. 1321
" 1320
Ste INDEPENDENCE i;i toe,
SELF-REPROACH.
Cr<mrt-ri'ffrt'rice.
of Ingratltude-c 'billies I. 1118
Sie KEMOR.HE iind REPROACH
in Inc.
SELF-SACHIFICE.
Magnanimity of s.-s. Alex. *5095
Miscellapoonrt cross- re fercnCM.
of Affection-Soldiers. 1572
in Benevoleuce-J. Howard. &)8
" " -J. Wesley. .M9
Benevolent s.-s of Jesuits. 3018
Needless s.-s. -Lord Nelson. I.'IOI
Nobility of s.-s.-Hurgosses of C.4G39
Patriotic 8.-s.-Am. Uevolution. 4000
" -Bismarck. 4074
" -Italian citizen. 4008
See SACRIFICE, SELF-AHNEGA-
TION and SKLF-DENIAL
in loc.
SENSATION.
Public s. -Captain J. Hmitli. *50'J7
See EXCITEMENT in loo.
SENSATIONALISTS.
by Singularity-Johnson. *5098
See F\NATICS in loc
SENSATIONS.
Cross-reference.
Thirst for new s.-Nero. 1287
SENSE.
Effect of good s.-Joan of Arc. *5099
See TACT.
Lack of t.-John Adams. *5501
Natural t.-IIenry Sidney. ♦5508
Rewarded-Careless slave.
Superstition overcome by t.
32
31
See DISCRETION and PRUDENCE
in loc.
SENSIRILITY.
to Defect-Philip. ^5104
Exquisite s.-O. Goldsmith. ^5102
Nervous s.-Southey. ^5103
See DELICACY.
Essential to pleasure-Vice. 3320
of Feeling-0. Goldsmith. 5102
SENSITIVk^NESS.
Miscclhuioous cross-references.
to Criticism-Newton. 1104
" " -Voltaire. 2809
" Insult, Excessive, Tyrant. 2527
Natural s., Excessive-Roberts. 1860
of Vanity- Voltaire. 2155
See SENSIBILITY in loc.
SENSUALITY.
Imperial s.-Commodus. ^5105
Religious s.. Pagan's. ♦SlOO
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Disguised by sentimentality. 785
Paradise of s. -Mohammedan. 3992
Victim of s. and induIgence-J.II.768
SENTENCK.
(!ros»-refercnce.
Suspended fifteen years. 1139
See PENALTY in loc.
SENTIMENT.
Ignored-Ronmns. ♦5107
Power of 8. -Indians. ♦8108
Publlo 8. vs. Laws. ♦6109
" "-Mary Stuart. ♦SllO
MIscelliineons cross-references.
Heroic s.-Sergoant Jasper 8151
vs. Principle-Napoleon. 1917
-Edward III. 4586
" " -Slavery. 4912
Public 8., Vicious-Scots. 1300
Respect for public s. n.-A. Burr. 856
Suppressed-Sl'p'ng with corpse. 5207
SEPARATION.
Miscellaneous cr(js8-refercnces.
Necessary-Army of James II. 315
Punishment by s.-Adulterers. 64
Safety by s. -Early Germans. 8000
See EXCOMMUNICATION
or Money-Papal. ♦197ft
Terrors of e.-Oreek Church. '■
See EXILE.
Happily ended-Cicero. 16."j8
Honored e.-Lafayette. 4318
Long e.-" The Pretender." 6283
Provision in e.. Generous. SCil
See EXPULSION,
of Scholars-Fellows of M. C. ♦!(»■*
of Aliens from United States. 167
Deserved e.-Brlbery-Slr J. N. 660
Humiliating e. from Lincoln. 584
from Ministry-S. Johnson. 3616
Vigorous e.-Brlbery resented-D.WS
Wronged by e.. Minister. 1061
See ISOLATION.
Safety by i.-German States. ♦3000
See PRIVACY,
of Conversation. ^4471
Inspected, Cromwell's p.
Respected by Napoleon I.
" " Cffisar.
See SECESSION.
Planned in New England.
4177
2630
2865
♦5061
Mistaken plea-Yulee of Fla. 2579
See ABANDONMENT. CASTE
and DIVISION in loc.
SEPULCHRE.
Kissing the Holy Sepulchre.
♦5112
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Interesting s. of Jesus-C'mb's. 6151
Magnificent-Empress of India. 6061
SEPULCHRES.
Economy in s. -Athenians. ♦SllS
SEPULTURE.
Preparation for s. -Spartans. ♦SIH
See BURIAL and CRUSADES
in loc.
SERENADE.
Response to s.-Llncoln. ♦6115
iSKUFAGE— SICK N K.ss.
933
1139
SERFAGK.
Burdens of 8.-Eii({.-13ih cent. *rillfl
Heo SLAVKRY In toe.
SEKraON.
Lonif 8.-Bisbu|) Burnet.
Queer a., Bishop Turner's.
♦5117
*5118
Miscellaneous cro98-rcference«.
Impressive s.-8 Ilours-Wtilt'f'ld.caiO
Infuriated by J. Knox's s. 4053
Life ohaoKed by a s. lOKO
Mockery of s. arrested. 4901
SERinONS.
Soporific s.-Blshop Latimer's. *5n9
Cross- reference.
Many s.-Geo.Whltefleld 18,000. 6i.'10
See CLERGY i?i loc.
SERVANT.
Devotion of s. -Maria.
Useful s.-Godolphln.
*.512()
*5121
Miscellaneous cross- references.
Devoted s. of John Howard. 4430
Mistaken for a s.-Phllopoemen. a58
SERVANTS.
Cros8-re erenee.
Absolute power over s.-T.prince.408
See EMPLOYMENTS in loc.
SERVICE.
Demorallzed-Enx. naval.
»r>i*j
Cross-reference.
PersonaLnot by proxy -A'gusius. 101
SERVICES.
Cross-references.
Gratuitous s.-Gen. Washington. 4038
of Lafayette and Kalb declined. 176
Rewarded with ingratitude. 4877
See USE.
or Abuse of money. ♦5755
See USEFULNESS.
Suryival of u. -Monks. ♦5756
Rewarded by dinner.
See UTILITY.
VS. Beauty-Walter Scott.
Value by u.-Bag vs. Pearls.
2393
♦5761
2723
SERVI1.ITV.
Disgraceful s. -James Bagge. ^5123
Miscellaneous cross-reference?.
of Flatterers-Romans. :*)5
Genius for s.-Bagge. 5l2;i
Required by tyrant-Sapor. 2527
Shameful s. of Roman Senate. 4373
Shameless s. of husband of Z. 63
See DEGRADATION and SYCO-
PHANCY in loc.
SEVERITY.
Dis^acef ul s.-James Bagge.
Parental s.-Roman.
♦5123
♦5184
Miscellaneous cross-references.
for Cowardice-Brother's. 1273
€ruel B.-Aurelian. 4578
Oovernmental-Edward Floyd. 4508
Merciful s., Cromwell's. 4577
I'Hrental s.-Luther's father. 4,')73
Reaction of s.-Aurelliid. Uyt'i
" "-C'ommodus. 1.51)1
Success by s.-Peter the Great. 2875
SeeCRrEl.TV in Inc.
SEX.
Miscellaneous cruss n fe'ences.
Arcl ItecturaN loiiic^-Kcmale-D. 281
Deplored by Mary Stuart. 6100
Disgrace to both yeses. 1U.M
Dishonored by vice. oco
in Ileuven-Swi'ilcnhorg. 3141)
SEXES.
Crf-s.s-rerertMU'es.
Commingling of s., Kuinous. 0l.)7
Equality of 8., Hcllgious. t;i21
Intercourse of s. prohibited. .^i):i
See FLIRTATION.
Dangerous f. with Crosar's wife. Iti.W
See LICKNTIOI'SNESS anil MAU-
RI A(iK /)( luc.
SHADOW.
Orossreferenee.
Terrified by a s.- Bucephalus.
SHAinE.
Consummate .s. -Ferdinand.
5125
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Burdens life-Martyr Huss. v.iM
by Drink-Offlcials. ^9-17
Heredity of 1. -Ferdinand. 2060
Immortal s. of Jeffreys. 2862
Indifference to s.-Commouylce.324.l
Indifferent to s. -Charles II. 3470
for Ingratltude-Thebans. 28.55
Insensible to s.-IIenry VIII. 458
" " " -Peversham. 4602
Life of s. overlooked. 3177
National s.-Eng.-Reignof Ed. 111,87
Overwhelming s.-Roman army .2662
" -Traitor. 2795
Punishment by s. -Alexander. 2148
Vice without s.-Nobility. 65
See INFAMY.
Posthumous 1. -Emperor C. ^2816
Stain of p., Mas.sacre-Gen. P. *2817
by Assassination-J. W. Booth.
Conspicuous for i.-Commodus
Deserved 1. -Titus Dates.
Exposed-Spartan bachelors,
for Money-Charles II.
Overlooked- Pompadour.
Renown of i.-Erostratus.
Remembrance of l.-"Boilman.'
Reward of i., Assassin's.
See MORTIFICATION.
by Failure-Castlemaine.
Hateful m. -James II.
of Defeat-Montcalm.
by " -Horace Greeley,
in Disappointment-Henry III
of Pride-Oliver Goldsmith's.
373
.5743
4505
-146
4088
3712
4703
■ 1304
2052
*3719
♦3720
1494
42H1
1911
8263
44,53
4455
See DISGRACE, LICENTIOUS-
NESS and SCANDAL i« loc.
SHIELD.
Cross reference.
I'rpHervation of h.
6089
SHIPS.
Nation without .s, Kgyptlan. 988
See liOATS.
Extemporized b. of skins. 8:336
See KI.EKT.
Inimeuse-l'oweries.s-irracran.*2I58
See S.MLORS in loc.
siiip\vke<;k.
Mi»eelUne<ius ernss-relVrenees.
I'lanniul by Ni re
1347
2810
1868
SHOK.nAKER.
' "russ-rel'eieiu'e.
Illustrious s, -Henry Wilson.
SHOUTINO.
vs. Silence Tro.jiinstireeks. *5127
Al'l'LAlSK.
Ancient German's a.-( lashing. *27D
Consequence of a -Inspiration. *271
indifference to a.-Nupoleon. *27^
Distrusted by Cromwell.
I'resumption from a.
SeeClIFERlXO.
Effective-" Yelling regiment.'
;iT;!9
2.170
♦78!»
SHREWDIVESS.
Odss-riferenee.
Saved by Harinozan. 1 1 9
See SAGACITY.
Political s.-lIenry Clay. 427.".
' '-Professional politi'n 4274
See TACT.
Lack of t.-John .\dams. *,550t
Natural t. -Henry Sidney. *.5508
Rewarded-Careios slave.
Superstition overcome by t.
32
31
33
SICK (Tub).
Miscellaneous cross references.
Charity for the s.-Tetzel. 1888
Credulity of the s.-Audley. 12a'i
SICKNESS.
Cured by gifts-England.
Friends in s.-S. Johnson.
Information in s. -Aristotle.
Saintly s.-J. W. Fletcher.
♦5128
♦512»
♦51,3(>
•5131
Miscellaneous eri'S^-rrtV-rencea.
an Apology for weakness. 1844
Benevolence in time of 8. -H. 548
" s.-Perilous-C. 655
Blessing in s. -Pascal. 43.35
by Climate-N. E. Pilgrims. 957
" Disappointment. 310ft
Feigned by Demosthenes-B. 678
B^riend In s. -Samuel Johnson. 5129
Crifts cure s. 5I2H
Helpful friend In s -Wm. III. 822»
Improvement by s., Luther's. 16(\
Invited- English prisons. 4164
Labor In s.-Baeda. 6150-
Love-s. fatal. 384»
" "-Shelley. 888«
" developed in marriage. 344%
034
HIGN-SIN{;t:UITY.
Hecovery by reHulutluti. 1077
liufurmutlun In s.-AbHtln'co nf w.lO
ItHHolutlun made In 8. I5~u
Saved by apoplexy-Rev. N. lOO'l
Vow In 8., Kellf{ii>U8. ,',H(i;i
Sue DKATIl. DISKASE, MKDI-
CINK anil rilVSlClAN
i/( ;...■.
SIUN.
of Peatliiy-Maliumet'g a.
Cmssrcfi'renci'.
of Talent, Matbenmtlog a f
8IUN8.
Faith In s.-Oold-weekers.
Need of 8. by l/'tiomnce.
SlKMlflcant 8. of the times.
Welcomed by Columbus.
♦51(1
*5i4a
♦i)143
♦6144
Cross ri'ft'ronco.
in Jurl.sprduenee, L'liKu'Ke of s.3i)H,')
Sm AUiilKY.
Book of a., Chinese. ♦3tiS
Bulldlnff by a.-Clty of Rome. ♦396
See IJANNER.
Devotion to b.-Mohammedan. 2667
Inappropriate b. -Pasuhal Lamb.BS45
of Industry-" Leathern apron. "2811
Influence of b. -Mexican. 4088
Ret oued by valor-Cadiz. 051
ShotikluK b.-Mary Stuart. RllO
81gnlflcant-"Don"t tr'd on me."3939
Sec lUlANDINO.
of Crimlnal8-London. 1290
See EMBLEM.
Slunlfloant e.-Turk- Wolfe. •1801
of Character-Wolfe-Turk.
1801
" Ueflanoe-Rattlesnake.
3939
False e.-" Paschal Lamb."
5245
of Industry-" Leathern apron
."2811
" Inferlorlty-Jackal.
8167
" War-Rattlesnake.
5901
" Wlsdom-Physlolan-Serpent
. 4109
See FLAG.
Desplsed-U. S., year 1812.
♦2150
Devotion to f .-Serg'nt Jasper
♦21.51
Dangerous display of f.
753
See OMEN.
Accidental o.-Duke William.
31
' fell. 33
Sec OMENS.
Ancient o.-Bomans.
♦3905
Annoyed by 0. -Charles I.
♦3900
Presage of o.-Romans.
♦3907
Terrorized by o.-Sailors.
♦3908
Regard foro., Superstitious.
2237
" " by Romans.
;385
SIGNAL.
for Action- Alfxanfler.
♦51.33
Mistaken s.-Guido.
♦5134
Miscellaneous cross-references.
for Action-Alexander's s. 513)
Disregarded by Nelson. 1904
Waiting the s. of Freedom. 1903
Ancient s,
SIONALS.
-Greeks.
♦5135
Mlscellaneoui cruiw- references.
Communication by 8. -Lights. 4089
Remarkable coincidence in n. 1147
SIONATUltK.
of Ignorance-" Rude mark." *513«
Remarkable s.-Arabn. ♦3l;!7
Responsible s.-JudgeM. ♦.'■138
" "-Monmouth's. ♦.')1.'J9
Hymbollo g.-Am. ludians. *o\ 10
MlscullumMniii crituH-reftTi'nces.
Forced s. -Warrant signed. 3027
Forged official s.- Emperor. 2193
Power uf s. -Insanity. 2H79
SILRNCB.
Enjolued-Alexandor. *5I15
of Grief-Napoleon I. ♦ni 10
In Mlaforttino-Poinpey. ♦.")147
Neoesaary-Plundcrers. ♦.")14S
Public s.-H. Johnson. ^5149
Treasonable s.-England. ^^l.^O
Miscellaneous cross reference
In Adverslty-Pompey.
Alienation by moody s.
of A we-Kxploslon of the I'Orl'
" " -Battle of the Nile.
" " -Continental Congress.
Capable of s.-' No tongue."
vs. Criticism-Johnson.
Excused -Conversaticnal.
Expressive s.-Phlloxenus.
Forbidden by duty-Mahomet
of IIumlllation-Romans.
" Ignorance-" Bendleather."
Imposslble-Qeorge Fox.
Impressive prayer In s.
Rebuked by s. -Luther.
In Religion-Pythagoras,
in Season of peril -A. Lincoln.
vs. Shouting-Soldiers.
In Sicknf iS Imposed.
Speechless s. of gf-atltude-P.
Success by s.-Theodora.
Successful s.-John Lock,
of Vexatlon-Sancroft.
Working ins.-S. A. Douglas.
See DUMB.
Delivered-Son of Croesus.
siraoNY.
Debauchee's s.-KIng Philip.
Papal s.-Virgllius.
5117
1924
nt.448
442
4820
2(«6
1312
1172
1313
31)07
2602
1173
KHm
4,S79
8.57
4009
99
6127
1044
1152
3485
5305
2094
0152
5295
♦5151
♦5153
Miscellaneous cross-reference.
Sale of popedom.
simPLiciTir.
Dlfflcult-S. Johnson.
Preserved by Joan of Arc.
Royal S. of Julian.
1203
♦5153
♦5154
♦5155
Miscellaneous cross-references,
in Arohitecture-Dorlo.
Happiness by s.-Quakers.
Life of s., Private-Mahomet.
(( ft ^t ii 4(
Popularity by manners.
" s.-Adrian.
Republican s.-Thos. Jefferson.
294
2518
9672
2673
4320
4969
2770
Requisite In architectural be'ty. 281
SIN.
Indulgence for money. ♦5in<
Ovorlooked-S. Johnson. ♦Sl.^?
Remedy for s.-Am. Indians'. '•\'A
I'npurdouable s.-Wm. Cowper.*.'>15t»
MI»cc'llunei)U.t cross-riferencefl
Burden of s.-Oeo. Fox.
" " " -Cromwell.
II II 11 -Punance.
'n CItles-Llnooln
Conviction of s.-J. Nelson.
Detested by Wm. Gassaway.
of Dl.sobedlence-Monks.
Dramatized, Adam's 8.
Melancholy sense of s.
Painful sense of s.-Bunyan.
-Clark.
Pardon of s., Evidence of.
Permission to s.-Jesults.
Permitted by revelation.
I'leasure of s. -Johnson.
I'leasures of s.-Bunyan's.
Prayer for conviction of s.
Remorse for s. -James II.
" " " -Bunyan.
Statement of s., Offensive.
Struggle with s.-M. Luther.
Unoorrupted by s.-Pelaglans.
Unhapplness by s.-Bunyan.
Unpardonable s. -Fancied by C.
Youthful sin atoned.
See SINNER in he.
3504
3.505
4102
899
1189
1088
;i.S47
1717
1179
1084
1181
8999
110')
324 J
420.1
lOMJ
1188
li3;j
1 80
2050
01,50
1202
1191
288;j
1002
SINCERITY.
Attractions of s.-Wm. and A. ♦SlOO
Power In s.-Cissar. ♦eiei
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Distrusted, Augustus's s. 1687
Impossible-Habit of Chas. I. 2041
vs. Life-Martyr Hubs. 1918
Proof of s.-Mahomet. .1007
Sel.'-depreclating s. of Banyan. 1192
Simplicity of s.-Cromwell.
418:)
Unequlvooating s. of Huss.
1918
See CANDOR.
Christian c. in discussion.
♦705
See FRANKNESS.
Brave ministerial f .
1243
Noble f.-Confession
3819
Straightforward f., Luther's.
1092
See INTEGRITY.
Recognized-Samuel Adams.
670
Reputation for i.-Arlstides.
478S
II .i_f-ato.
4793
-Lincoln.
4792
See INTENTION.
Evidence of good 1.
4515
Guilt by i.-Betrayal.
3.381
See MOTIVE.
DUgulsed in gov't.
3145
Quality determined by m.
3510
See MOTIVES.
Higher m. -Religious.
♦3733
Morality In m.-S. Johnson.
♦3734
Conflicting m.-Plety-Reverence. 876
Good m defeated by bad th'ori'8.904
Mixed m.ln benevolence-J'hns'n.SSSl
See CONSCIENCE and HONESTY
in loc.
SINULNG-SI.EKI'.
SINGING.
Friends made by h. -Luther. IHI 1
Kldlculed, Platu'8 ». 131 i
Be* MUSICIAN.
Illustrious m.-llomor. 8317
NeKleotod m.-Starvatlon of E. 4:138
Sue SONIi.
Enamoured by s.-J. Quinoy. ♦.")'•.'(«
Political 8.-EiiKlttud. ♦5-,'(i;i
on the Battlefloid-l'rusHlans. STHH
SINGVLAHITY.
Motive for s.-Dloitene-i. *ft]6-i
Si'e PKCI'I.IAIUTIKS.
liellgioua p.-1'urltans. -IM'-i
SINNER.
OrossrflVrenci'.
Despised s.-Aaron Hurr. 856
SINNERS.
Crusade of s.-lst I'rusadu. *51ti3
SINS.
Deliveranoe by iiidulKences. *.'ilC4
of Others-J. Buiiyan. *510.)
Tormenting 8.-J. Bunyan. 'SlOO
Cro8«-reterciif;e.
Financial equlvalent-Tetzel. WOO
See CONFESSION-.
Death-bed c.-8hameful. 1081
<jovernmental o. of weakness. 84(W
Honorable c, Forgiveness by. .3819
" " of wrong. 4043
Humble c. -Bishop Cranmer. ViVi
Manly c. of Inability. 80*1
Misused-Crlmlnals. 583:1
Quasi-o. refused-Huss. 1918
Shameful c. -Bribery-Bacon. 1313
Threat of c, Terrlfying-Nero. 1347
Sof DEPRAVITY.
by Descent-Nero's. ♦I5;ia
Evidence of d.-S. Johnson. *ll>;!3
Age of excessive d.-Uomans.
1^1
" " d.-Introduction of C.
U'4
Destructive d. of Nero.
339
Inclination of d.-Eating.
4303
with Intellectual power.
1009
Locality of d. concentrated.
1393
1. 14 (1 1.
1399
Parental d. confessed-C. IV.
3000
See INDULGESCK.
to Sin by penance.
2800
See INDULGENCES.
Cargo of i., PapaL
•3801
Papal I. by Tetzel.
♦3803
«ale of i.-Church building.
♦3803
of Appetite-Degraded by. 368
" " -Shameless. 360
" " -Voraolous-JohDs'n.3183
Authority tor papal 1. 837
«aleofi., Tetzel's. 5164
" " " " 4309
to Sln-Pope Leo. 5150
fiplrituali, Origin of. 711
See CONVERSION, CRIME, RE-
PENTANCE and WICKED-
NESS in loc.
SISTER.
Comforting s., John Banyan's. *5107
SKILL.
Mlsapplied-I'i'rpflUttl niDtton. ♦51(18
l'ri)of of 8.-Kolh8i;lilld. ♦5I(;9
MIsccllHiienuit iTdin rcfiTihi'cu.
.Marksman's s.-Coninuxlus. 3t'i(i
" "-crockHtt. i;t33
S.c AUILIIIES mid INdEXUlTV
I'l Inc.
SKULL.
Crudt* ri'fiTi'rK't!.
Ominous discovery of s.
SL4NDER.
Dofenco from s.-Napoluon I.
from Eavy-Joliu Bunyun.
Kino from s. $500,000.
Opposition by h.-J. Wesley.
I'erseuutor's s.-t'onstantlne.
of I'lety-Ulohard Baxter's.
Pimishbd by James I.
Uewarded-Dlok Talbot.
Victim of s.-Columbus.
3170
♦5170
•5i;i
♦5ir3
♦5173
♦5IT4
♦5175
♦5176
♦5177
♦5178
MIsci'lliiiieous cro»9-refereiii'i's.
Abusive 8. of Nap. by Britons. 31
of Americani by Sam. Johnson. 314
Inconsistency of 8. -Nap. I. by E. 34
Shameful s. of woman. tWU
Victim of s.-(!romwell "Kinff.":W93
" '• " -Bolivar. 4041
See CALUMNY.
Instlgated-Maximus Fablus. ^701
Opposition by c.-Chas. Wesley. *702
Bid for c.-Sootch Insurgents. 1947
I'unlshed-Injurles in kind. 3100
Shameful c. of physician, 1048
Victims of c- Knights Templars. 19.39
Sec DEFAMATION.
Punlshed-Titus Oatos. ' ♦14H7
See LIBEL.
Trials for 1.- William Hone. *»Mi
Anonymous i.-Mllton. 1165
False accusation of 1. 3049
Indifferent to l.-Frederick II. .5399
Press prosecuted for I. 4136
" " " 4438
SLANDERS.
Vile 8. against primitive Cii. *5179
SLANG.
Familiarity with s.-Palmerston. 1311
SLAUGHTER.
Barbarous s.-58,000 C'rth'g'n's-^5180
E.-^terraloatlng s. of Germans. ♦SlHl
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Authorized by Jesuits. 1083
in Battle-Asians. :108
" " -100,000 at Fonteiiay. 930
See MASSACRE in liM.
SLAVERY.
Antiquity of s. ♦5183
Avarice of s.-English. ♦5ia3
Beginnings of s.-Georgia. ^5184
of Captives-Homans. ^5185
In England-A.D. 1215. "5186
Introduced in Virginia. ♦SIS?
!»;i5
♦.'J1H8
♦5189
♦MOO
♦5191
♦5MW
♦5193
♦5191
♦51 9.^
♦5 IX
Mitigated -Atlioiiluii.
-Udtnaiis.
Niitiiral to Turks
Opposed by Frit'iids.
I'rdvaltMici! of s.-Homo.
of PrisoMiifs Eigland.
I'uiilMhod by H. -England.
Ktipulslvo s.-Engiutid.
rnulirlsiian s. In England.
Mlsci'lluiK'iiiH erosR-roferenciM.
.\t)olltion of 8., .struggle for. 4101
Affection in h.-P( -npcy. e.'.vi
Cuptivfs sold Into 8.-C'ii"s»r. iliii
Cowards punished by s.-H. 1375
Cruelty of s. -Helots. I.!()5
Death preferred to s -Chinese. I'.Mk)
" of American B.-Lincoln. ;I3'37
Debtors sold into s.-Uoman^. 1405
Dcsporate dcfonce of s. 41.">9
Daul)t respecting monility of s.lnw
Eseape from s. by murder. 80
Galling s. of Peruvians. 4.537
Haired to s.-Ua.sh-J. Brown. .'lOHS
Imperilled by s.-Americaii C. .3800
Iiuiiau 8. -Labrador. 1390
Labor degraded by s. SXVi
Opposition to 8. by Abolitionists. 147
Poor sold into s. -England. .503
Sold into s.-Piato. 748
Suppressed 8. -Boston, year 1701 1859
to VVealth-Peruvlans-lllus. .598.1
Wretched s. of Helots. i:36a
See CAI'TIVITY in loc.
SLAVES.
Angelic s.-the Englbli.
of Disbelievers-Virginia.
Docility of 8. -Civil War.
liebeliion of s.-Koman.
White 8. in Virginia.
(if Ceremony-Constantine.
" " -Ambassadors.
Condition of Anglo-Saxon s.
Fidelity of s. of Cornutus.
Imperilled by s.-Uome.
Sale of aged s. -Inhumanity.
SLAVE-TRADE.
Opposed-Continental Cong. ^5303
Uuspected-New York, yr. 1001. ♦5803
♦5197
♦5198
♦5199
♦5300
♦5301
7.58
750
780
.5;«l
43««
8a5»
Conscienceless conduct-Eng.
by Pirates- Homans.
SLEEP.
Benefit of s. -Disposition,
at Command of Napoleon I.
Deficient in s.-Joslah Qulncy.
Exceptional s. of Sir W. Scott.
Perilous s. of Columbus.
Surprising s. of Argyle.
Transient s. of Napoleon I.
Undisturbed-Washington.
Ills
4187
*.58(M
♦5205
♦.5306
♦.5307
♦,5208
♦.5309
♦5310
♦5311
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Afraid to sleep- War. 645
Awakening prevents s., n'rg'us.4103
Command of s. by J. Wesley. 138
Denied to amliitlous Mahomet 11.303
Diminished by study. 5.379'
Disturbed by envy-Theml3tocles.*189
IIP
O.'Jfi
HI.Kl>:i'KKH— HOLDIKUS.
^ k
'
Disturbed by fear-('r<)mw(Urn ■. ."iOfl
Bxpolled by atixlety-Lliiuolii. ■J47
I'ulnrulH.-WiiHley. II III
hi Hiinotiiiiry, Cuod ii. bllu
8u|)»niiitiiritl r<-Hiilt8 u(-Falae. t'J>Vt
UndlHliirbcd by caru. SSSO
S,, DUKAM in (oc.
sm<:kpbr8.
the Hovon h. I.iiKfiul.
♦S8ia
In tii;' Ttwnpio Inn.
♦6il.i
N:niiiK.
Resented by 'riinuiii'.
♦6214
('ros[4-ri'fi*ri'iK'u.
Punished witn death-Dejooes. 1584
NinOKEH.
Female s.-Mrs. ■Iiicks-n. •8810
SinVfjiULlNU.
Fined lu KiiKlund.
♦5210
{'rosH-ri'fcri'iicc'.
Prevention of h., Ineffective. 155!.'
NNEKR.
('rosH-rufcri'hccs.
SaroaHtU; n. at DoinoHthenes.
Sneer for s.-Colnnt?! Tarleton.
Si'c CONTKMI'T in lot.
era
8902
!iNOBS.
CroNS-rcferunce.
Hatred for 8. -Thackeray. 3534
St'O rilKTKNSIoN in Joe.
SOOIABIIilTY.
CruMS-refenMiCf,
Kant of 8. -Knftlish people. <i806
See AKFAllILn'Y.
Falsehood In a.-Charles II. 1678
SL^e AMIAHILITY.
Savajte-no Words for abuse. 23
Bee COMl'AXKlNS, FKIENDS and
SlxnKTY inloc.
SOCI4IiISItI.
Illustratad-8. Johnson.
Political 8.-Calm Gracchus.
See COMMUNISM.
American c.-Uolonists.
Equality by o.-LycurRUS.
" " " -Spartans.
Vicious c.-Ueljcn of Kobad.
of Pamllles-Spartans.
In Food-Atnerloan savages.
" Land by early Romans.
Kestoratlon of c.-Cleomenes.
See COM.MUNISTS.
Conspicuous c.-" Levellers."
Dangerous " "
In Dlet-Sparcan tables.
Pleasure-seeking c.-Kngland.
Power of c. -Paris.
SOCIETY.
Bond of s.-Bgyptlans.
Degraded s.-Cowper's time.
Deliverance of ».- Reformers,
an Effective s.-Knights of St. J.
Opposition to s. -Shelley.
Orderly s -Plymouth Colony.
Reaction of s.-Rome.
♦5217
♦5218
♦998
♦999
♦1000
♦1001
808
2(349
8445
♦1002
♦1003
2188
3335
1270
♦.5819
♦6880
♦5221
♦5228
♦5283
♦5224
♦5225
MlicelUneoiii crornireferencd.
A bandoned - 1 ncorrlgtble vice.
Advance of *.-Kugland.
Ambition in g.-aoKUmlth.
li<uu>factors of Kng.-Iteform'ra
BeiietU. of h. -William Cowper.
Hrutallzed by art UoinuiiB.
Cast;} In KngllMh h.
in Cities three ItleHHiiiKH of h.
i'(impas!ilonl(>M,>i H.-old Kiigland,
Confusion In s. -Civil War.
Clime ooraroltted against s.
Degeneracy of Roman s.
Degra<led Roman s.
" by poverty-Irish.
Demoralized by low ijasslons.
" In -pain.
Discord In s. -Litigations.
Dlsparat;od by grand architect.
Diverse Interests of s.
Kndangored by antagonlcms.
" by Its v.Tongs.
Enemies of h. -Tramps.
Enemy of human s.-Napoleon.
Governed without liiw-Indlans.
Imperilled by demagogues.
mm
4891
1172
,40.10
4KM
IIX)
93;i
mr,
,2800
2H0;)
1090
.■1072
40-18
8250
1510
ISU
201)
2877
3821
100
1090
2l;i
380U
499
li)29
2I!10
1525
1520
" " vices-London. 1890
Inhumanity of s -Foundlings. 807
Interests Inter woven- Art'xer'es.l.M
Modern better thun formerly. 120
Moral changes In s. 2994
Outcasts In s.-Parlah. 8537
Overthrown by vicious factions.970
Punished for Injustice. 2803
Reformation of neglected s. 930
Regulation of s.-Censors. 747
Religion binds s. -Catholicism. 735
Repressod-England. 8700
Respects money vs. merit. 3671
Restraints In s. necessary. 2449
Revenge on 8., Gladiator's. 1235
Revolutionized-Ireland. 3151
Transformation of s. by freedom.313
Unbeliever In s.-Dangerous. 3418
Union of s.-Illustratlon. 4898
Unity of American Indians. 077
Vices of 8. in high life-Nap. 3843
" " -Pomp. 3247
" " " " " -Dgob'rt.3848
" ' -England.1039
Vicious s.-lllgh Romans. 1895
" •'-Uucchunallans. ,5798
See ARISTOCRACY. COMrANIONS
ami FA.MILY in loo.
SOLDI EK.
Christian s.-" Stonewall J.
Cruelty and courtesy of s.
Ignorant s.-James II.
Natural s.-Cromweil.
Remarkable s.-R. E. Lee.
Spirited s.-Purltan.
Wonderful s.-Iiannlbal.
♦5228
♦.5229
♦5830
♦5231
♦,58.32
♦52;i3
♦5834
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Clerical 8. -Prior John. 985
" " -Pope Julius n. 834
" " -Bp. Gosselln. 987
Doubtful 8. -First battle. 3084
Greatest Roman i.-Cossar. 4319
lloiioreil-Kallen «. 4004
Indignity to i.-Jealouay. 2900
Moral estimate of s. -Drake. 90ii
Overruti^d General Chas. Lee. 4780
I'eralRtent s. .Mohammedan. 8507
Poor B. d(<Mcrlbed. 6178
Prayer of H.-J. Astloy. 4.376
vs. HuhoolmiiHter. fitt'lH
SucceHS of s.-Romarkable-C. 4512
Terrifying H. -Nap. leaves Elba. 4199
Virtuous s. Rom. Gen. Ii'llsarlus.786
Volunteer when needed-W. 406,5
" "-Capt m."io:h
SOLDI Bits.
Choice H.-Rltlemen. *52.'l.5
Colonial 8.-New England. ♦,52.')i>
Dauntless s.-Krimks. ♦.528V
Defensive s.-Greek Kmpire. *.52HS
Disobedient s.-Kngllsh. ♦.52.19
Fearful s. -Romans, ♦52li>
Graves of s. decorated. ♦.5241
Invulnerable s. -Asiatics. ♦.5242
Maimed -Supported by gov't. ♦,5243
Marked-IIand-Face.
Misnamed-" Klrke'n Lambs.'
Model 8., (.'romwell's.
Nation of s.-Ciaula.
Notorious-Wilson's Zouaves.
Odd 8., Cromwell's.
Piety of 8.-Cromwei;'8.
♦,524 1
♦ 5245
♦5246
♦5847
♦5248
♦2249
♦.52,T()
♦,5251
♦,5252
Poor 8. described.
Professional- Lacedjemonians. ♦,52.53
Quality of s.-Croinwell's. ^.5254
Terrible s.-Janizaries, ^5255
Unqualified r. of Charles il. ♦,52,50
Mlscelluiieuiia eroBS-referencet,
Athletic 8. -Roman.
Burdened s.-Roman.
Cheering of s.-" Rebel yuU.''
Controlled by gentleness.
Courage or disgrace.
Degraded to citlzens-Ceesar's.
Desertion of s.-Plunder.
Devotion-Swedes to ('has. Xll.
Discipline of s.-Severe-G. XII.
Enthusiasm of Confederate s.
Exasperated by s.-Patriots.
Female s. of Crusade.
" "-Mussulmans.
" "-Dahomey,
vs. Followers-Persians-G.
In"xperienced s. -Mistakes.
Inferior s. -Irish-James IL
Irritated by precedence.
Marching of s.-Remarkable.
Misplaced s. in navy.
Orphans of s.-Ed. by State.
' adopted by S.
Piety of Eng. b. -Puritans.
Poor impressed as s.. The.
Praying s. -English Revolution.
" " -of Cromwell's.
Provision for veteran s.-R.
Quality better than quantity.
(i 4i II il
Religious s.-Cromwell's.
Remarkable s.-Cresar's.
18s!7
2520
789
1559
1236
3755
2417
1239
4174
1907
.'1517
0143
0141
6140
38:n
8813
317
4400
3427
271S
4064
58
4390
4892
4378
4385
177
4590
4591
764
4484
5819
SOLI rii)i;_si'i:( Tin;.
\>n:
Kevolt ofn.-Am. Hev.-Ulet. 4878
Auleof N.-Cromwull. jua
4«74
8ii(!(ioMMfiil In ») irly llfo. (11H7
HufforliiK of d.-Viilloy Korno. tfJOH
HupcrNtltloii u( KiiKllsh M. MOO
8uppi»rtc(l by Iiooiy-Tmjiin W. 0*1
Valuable •i.-NiipDleon'H aide*. 8884
Hoc AI.MY iitiil WAU I'l ho.
MOL.ITUDR.
DollKlit In H. DiiiiUil llootui. *M')7
Mdroieneaa by H.-C'lirysostom.'sass
Mlacellttneoim crnnU'rcfcroiici'i.
Abuse (>r M.-t^ulotlHtH-AxlatluH. 357
Attraotldnx of h.-iI. Wosloy. 3ftH
for Orlef NapoleDH. 1180
Lovo of H.-Maliotnut. KHH
MuUiiiclioly from 8., Indian. U557
8oo ISor-ATIDN.
Hafety by 1. -German States. *;10(K)
SON.
a Devoted B.-C'onfuolu8. *^•S>'.)
like .Motlior-Nero. ♦flsMK)
tteconollInK s.-Thomlstocles. ♦5'v'til
Mlaci'lluiieoutcruiis-rcfureiici'S.
Affectionate ».-Wm. Cowper. 110
" "-Walter Scott. Ill
" " -Calug Marclug. 1 li!
" "-Hertorlu8then.G.113
" "-Alexander. 114
" " -Alexander the G.77J
" "-Napoleon I. 115
" " -(!ras8us'. 5a))5
Antipathy of s.-J Howard's. laa
Ashamed of his mother.
Birth of 8., Joy by.
vs. Country-Spartan.
Destroyer of mother-Nero.
Dislnherlted-RellKlon-Penn.
Disobedience expiated.
Dutiful 8. in manhood.
37^4
1317
31)70
1,5(W
37^3
" "-Alexander the Great. 3730
Filial ambition of Calus. iia
Grateful s. -Napoleon I. 37S7
" " -Nero. 37ai
Illegitimate a. honored 3470
Initrate s.-Matriclde-Nero. 374;j
" "-Nero. 1110
" '-Infamous. 3713
Mother makes the son. aouo
Iteformed by running away-C. 637
Rejected by father-Wm. Penn. 474,5
Shameless s.-Prlnce Ferdinand. 5ia5
Wayward a. reclaimed. 6814
SONG.
Enamoured by s.-J. (Juincy. *5aC2
Political s.-EnjjIand. *5S03
on the Battlefield. 8788
See .MUSIC in loo.
SONS.
Miscellaneous cross references.
Ingrate s. of Henry II. 1634
4005
Pride In s., Mcther's-Cornella. 3728
See CHILDREN in loc.
80PIIIST1IV.
(JronH-rrriTciiit'.
An.swiiM of s.-AloxanJof. -WOH
.Stu AlKir.MK.VT itiKl DKIIATK
II. h,r.
SOII4 ICItV.
('ondeiniicii luiif., yuiir IMO. *MM
I''(!ttr of H.-Joaii of Arc. •.Vjii.'i
Punished by Ilctiry VI. ♦5a(Ml
MNci'lhUH'oiiH iToart-refurctiCOrt.
liiillef In H. by Komuiis.
vi. Dlsclplliic-UusuliiiiH,
Work of .s.-.J.Jiiii of Arc
8ei' llKUrslo.NS irt loo.
SOltltOW.
a UvInK s.-llac' hoii.
Sentimental H.-.Verxe8.
r,'HI
I l!i:|
y«i»i
•ftaB7
*5a08
MIsci'lliiiii'oii!! crnssri.rerciici'S.
of Ambition .Nup. and Josephine. 101
" Borcavcmcnt-A. JiickMon. lo,'>
( 'rushed by parciitiil M. Henry II um
.Mothers' s.-Indliiu war. 3731
Parental s.-Kuliu'd child. 7111
TouohlnK s -Miirtyr Taylor. aci
of Women -Turks. .i;i,-)0
See ANOiriSlI.
ProionKcd a.-GarlbaUll. *i:M
ConJuKal a. of Joseplilne. 101
Mental a. -Napoleon-Waterloo. ;jMI7
Murderer's a. -Alexander. 1714 1
Si'O DISTKKSS.
Abstinence In d. 30ti3
Amusement followed by d. a,s
Public d. utilized for ijaln. 083
.See IK^'K-SICKNK.S.S.
Sorrowsofh.-s.-Ciiin'se women. .57U'
Victims of li. s.-Plzarro's men. 880
.See A IJ V K Its IT Y, M K I, A .\ ( ! ! I () I. V
and MOtJKXl\(f in luc.
SOUL.
Divinity of s.-PythaRoras. *,")86n
Immortality of s. -Socrates. *5a70
Mystery of the 8. -Mahomet. *.5'.'71
Nobility of 8.-Darlus. *587a
Seat of the s -Pineal gland. *.5873
Superiority of s.-Wllliam III. ».'.274
Miscellaneous crossnferences.
Alarm fors.-H. D. (iough.
" " " -Bunyan.
Liberated by conversion.
" " " -Luther.
" " " -()ou«h.
" -Bunyan.
-Clark.
i( i\ Ik
Neglected for the world.
" -Care for others.
Unrest of longing 8.
Unsatisfied with works.
SOCLS.
Cross-references.
Indifference to needs of s.
Lost clerical s.
Love of s.-Sacriflces.
See IMMORTALITY.
Belief In 1. by Poet Stielley.
117!)
lini
1175
117H
117!)
1181)
IIKI
11!)3
0158
0**J
2538
6156
944
932
1603
♦2745
Kalth in 1., Arab's. ♦!f74a
Hope of I, Walter HalolgU. ♦a? J7
llulief In l.-Hi)(.<ratuH.
" " " Htrengtheciii,
of llrutuM doubted H. Johnson
llurlul for I Am. Indliiiii.
Confidi'tit or 1. Iliiiiyati.
KffeetlvM chrlHtliin doctrlne-G.
Preparation for 1. by bravery.
Soul's l.-Suerales.
silmulatcM courage, Belief In I. il.'»
In Work-Churcli bulldliig-Mah. mci
^.u si'iuns,
Communi(!atlon with h,-.s. ♦S.'tOM
IntercourNe with s.-I'latoniats *.')3I0
Lying 8.-Swedeiil)org. ♦S.'lll
MlnlHttTlng Samuel John.son. ♦.%Sia
870U
141.3
•180
1 125
ll!)2
Kll
Mil)
Cotnmunion Swedenborg. 14 12
" with conditioned. ."i.Wl
" " H Swe<lent)'rg.»14
ManifestatlonN, Fritiidulent. :).Vi5
" of s. -John Dee. .'IKOi
Posses.'ilng liorHes. .Miio
Vl.sit from uii evil s. -Luther. !.50t)
Hvv (illOST in loc.
SOVICItlOIUN.
Americans, (ien. (Irant. ♦5275
Claims of 8 -Sword of Mars. *.')276
See AI'IOCllAT.
Military a.-Pompey. *423
Royal H.-LIenry VMI. *m
See lU'I.KKS in loo.
SPKAKBHS.
i-'ro^s re:er('rict,'.
Hobbles of 8.-i;ato-S(!lplo. 189!)
See KLOQUKNCE in Inc.
SPECIALTY.
Success by s.-Einp. Maxlinlan.*5a77
See K.KI'KKT.
by Practice-Jeffreys. *1994
3041
Physical e. -Henry II.
S,e K.XI'EHTS.
Unappreciated-Frederick II
Sec SKILL.
Misapplied g.-Perp'l motion. ♦510H
Proof of s.-Uoth8child. *5169
Marksman's s.-Commodus. 3430
" " -Crockett. 4.322
.See AIIILITIKS mid I'KE-EM-
INKNCE in luc.
SPECTACLE.
Magnificent s.-( 'leopatra.
•5278
Cross-references.
Contemptuous s.- II:ichelors-Sp. 44U
Humiliating s.-CatUine deserted. 392
Influence of s. -Cotton. 512
Shocking s.-Cicsar's robe. 1975
See DISPLAY 01 loc.
SPECTRE.
Cross- reference.
Terrifying s.-Brutus's vision. 5846
Sec APPARITION.
Belief In a.-Samuel Johnson. *25u
False a.-"Three knights." *'i:A
038
HPKCL'LATIOX-STATK.
\i '
Kdnotiiil i>,. of 'I'liuNt'Uit. ••JM
of tlio Ditml-IIuitli Miller IMI9
StiirllliiK "Kvll uniiliiM " li-ji)
8PK4'|;ii4TION.
KmliinKi^rtiilliy M "llliii.'k I'." •5vv.>
K|ilil('ml(t of .;.-l';iit{., yr. 17*). • Mi*)
Irnporlllitd hy H.-KHHoullty. ♦■VJMI
MHiiluuf M.-Kmiiue. •UMti
-Knuliiiid. «9a«
< ippreMioii by N. Fraiiuo. •fisWJ
I'i'fventlon ofN. l.ttKUIallon. *!fliVi
ItillnoU!^ S.-" MInnInnIppI H." •,V.>80
MlHi-(>llHi)(MtiiH croMA-rufertincei.
Rra of H. John Law. S134
lluartlt'NN H. of ciiiifitdfritlfH. •IK)
lerlod of M.-Viiii lltireu'M Ad. .'il»;i)
Hiilnod by H.-Kraiic<i. avit
KuliioiiH R.-l'unlc of 18T3. 8UH0
He,. l.rcK.
Dayaof 1.-Aiit;li5iit. »3;W1
Urevlty In I.-" I cune, I KRW." (WO
I><<irradliiK I. In uoniroTiirNy. 4.M)|
(litrnutii I, " creiitnl" by I.iitbur.'ill
MuniorUlN In l.-NuiiifH. 'MVi
of raradlHo rurNluii Miiluiniol. 'MM
'• I'loty VH. I'rofiinltv. fiMOtf
I'onipoiu I., Dr. .lobnHon'ii. 4'M)
rriuiUlun In iim) of I. ItTO
.SiivaircM without. wordHof abuMe. iTJ
of SymboU-lliirbarliinM. lO.M
InmeanlnKl. of hocIhI Intero'rHo.TON
Wordles* I. In mimic.
»•■(• WdllDS.
llai^kinK for w.-l.)Nandi>r.
Hasty w.-llonry II.
orlifln of w.-" Sandwiidi."
'I'hrllilnif w.-llp. I.atlnier.
UTBl
•flH4
•fllltl
•tiiir
Days of l.-HnmaiM.
KnuouraReraeiit for f(<><'d I.
HPRrtJLATOHS.
Ddfcatof 8. -Niipolcon I.
I'endciou.i s -Vlrnlnla.
JtevuMKu ou 8. by poor.
SPBEOH.
Brovlty In s.-Qon. Grant.
It tt O «l it
I)ls8«niblln(r S. of CbosroeH.
Karnest s. of John Milton.
Irrepressible ».-Lady Fairfax.
" " -Honof Cra'HUs
Passionate s.-Kmp. Julian. ♦fiaotl
}'lalnnec8 In a -Athenians. *.5S!l)r
UtfsponslblUty for publii; h. •521IH [
Toleration of s.-Krederlck II. * .'laflo
rnrestralnable s. -Meddling. •B.IOO i
Worthy s.-C'ano!ichet. 'SSOl !
139,1
OO-.'l
♦.VJHT
♦StfSM
*9S8U
•.W()0
•.lijfll
♦Raid
♦.•5*13
*5a)l
Disease alTeots use of w. KHO
Hasty w. -Contrition for-II. II. wmii
Memorial in iiol)le w. 0117
VerblaKu of diplonuu^y. l.MW
hoe CONVKIl.H.XTIO.V, Kl.O-
QrKN<;K bikI rui.:A<'ii-
INO ill in: ,
SPRLLfNO.
Had 8., OeorKe WashliiKton's. •,V)Oa
Diverse 8.-8hake8peare. ♦.V)03
C'roHH ri'rtTftu'i'.
Error-Conquered vs. Concord. 1067
Hei' OlirilDUl'AI'llY.
Had o. excustd-Napoleon I. •31lfia
SPIBN.
Kiisnared by s.-()straKoth8.
Shameless s.-John Locke.
CroHsrefcri'iice.
Victims of 8. -Theodora's.
♦5806
1344
Mlscellani'nus cross-jeforeiicea.
Abusive 8. of Luther. ll.-)9
Complacently re(;arded-Ad'm8.1A33
Confused by rIdlcule-Demos. 2081
Freedom of s. In Parliament. 2219
Imprudent s. of consuls. 1099
Inopportune s.-Icasla. .34H.5
LlbHrty of s. denled-Kojcland. 3ii3
Miraculous s.-Cath. martyrs. 3044
Produced from abdomen. S().")M
Kldiculed-Flrsts.-DiBraell 4151
Short 8. of A. Lincoln. B115
Suppressed, Free s.-Enifland. 8940
" Uyitiif man'ss. 1441
."-t'e LANCil'ACiK.
Adaptation of l.-Greek and R.*3I30
Contempt for l.-Battle of H ♦3131
Importance of l.-Lycurgus. ♦3137
and Manners-Romans. ♦31.38
" " -Early ages. ♦31.33
Origin of I. by Inspiration. ♦31.34
Paradlsalo-Perslan-Mahoiaet. ♦31.35
TrdiuinK in l.-Ronians. ♦SISO
Actions speali-Hurling a spear. 41
" " -"Cutting popples. 48
Beauty of 1 lost by translation. 659 I Apparent g.-Rev. Tunnell.
SPIRIT.
Impelling .s.-(ieorge Fo7,. ♦5.300
Tcaohlngs of the .S. -(Quakers. ♦M07
Sei' HOLY srilUT in lot:
KPIKITN.
Communication wltli s.-s. ♦.%308
*:>;m>
Intercourse with 8.-Platoid8ts.^,'j3lO
Lying 8.-Swede:iborg. ^531 1
Mliilsterlug-Saniuel Johnson. ♦5318
MlscellunKuu.4 eniss-rcfcrences.
Communlon-Swedenborg. 1448
" with conditioned. 3,')54
" " 8.-Swedenb'rK.!)l4
Manifestatlona, Fraudulent. SS-IS
of s.-John Dee. 3H04
Posaessing horses. 6460
Visit from an evil s.-Luther. 2.500
Sie Al'PARITION.
Belief In a.-S. Johnson. ♦8.5(i
False a.-" Three knights." ♦8.->4
Fancied a. of Theseus. ♦iSS
of the Dead- Hugh Miller.
Startling a.-" Evil genius."
See GHOST.
Improvised g.-Ooldsmlth.
069
1180
♦8353
2308
Hue OIIONTH.
liellef In g.-Hainuel Johnson •IMM
.<<'e»r of g., .Siamese. ♦iklm
Hue rilA.M JM.
Alarmrtl by p.-Tlieodorlc. HIS
I'uriued by p. -Murderer. liod
H.e HI'KCTUK.
Terrifying i. Urutuii's vision &S4(i
SPLK^DOH.
Palatial s.-Tlraour. ♦SSM
Si'i. DISI'LAV 111 /uc.
NPOHT.
Magnlneent Oriental h. *M\a
ThoughtlesM h. Marriage. ♦6819
l'nei:JoytHl s.-M. Luther. •B3i»
MUcflluiMMiUH crnfln.rerei'inGct.
vs. Agricultural progrois. 1188
Devotion to h Kmp. (Jratian. 1007
" buiitlug-Wm. the c.3i».13
Hunting slaves by youth. 1806
Marksman-Oavid Crockett a. 4388
Hie .MAHKSMAN,
Royal m.-Emp. Cominodus. 'S-I.'k)
Accurate m. -Aster. 5101
Sec AMUBKMENT oiid I'lEA.SUUK
in (do.
NPRINU.
C'r(i»»-refereino.
Period for poetry-Milton,
SPY.
an Infamous s. -Tempter.
1014
•6881
>Il8ceIlaneou8 crosn-rclfcroncci,
Arrested-Major Andrd. 1018
Honorod-Audr6's memorial. 2616
Suspicion created by a., False. S.3.50
Unsuspected s.-Alfred the G. 6H86
Bee DETKCTIVK in tvo,
STACiNATION.
Intellectual a.ofm'dern Greeks. 890y
STARVATION.
Depopulaieil by s.-Iiuly.
tiee FAMINE /;i /»..•.
STATK.
Bereavement of s.-Ep'm'n'd'f
Endangered by criminals,
an Honored s. -Virginia.
Neglected by cltizena.
Protection of s.-£ducatlon.
Security of h. -Education.
Rlghtr of s.-NulUaoatlon.
" " -Taxation 76.
♦5388
.♦538/1
♦5384
♦5;t.'5
♦5386
♦5827
♦N388
♦6380
•6330
Mlscelliineous crosa-rcfcrencea.
Authority over s.-Popc. 8887
" of Church over the s. 080
Autocracy In 8. -"The 8 l8mys'lf.3407
Burdened by Cathollcl8m-E'r"pe.735
Children of the s.-S'ldiersorph'ns. 58
for the s.-Spartaus. 808
or Church-Choice-Ireland. 4118
Corruption destructive to the 8.3783
Education needful to the s. 6087
Endangered by Jesuits. SOlO
" " " 8086
«i <« 41 3081
HTATKS.MAN-«TI{IFK.
1115
lliM
A8I(1
•9311
lOH
8887
s. oao
lf.240T
pe.VSO
I'DB.BS
808
4118
8.3783
6087
801!>
80-.2(l
30ai
KodunguiDcl by uoiiimuDtkti. Iimi.'i
" Vl06. Uli»
<i«ii«rotlly tu I., Hiuplolout, MMl
Humbled b«r»re the I'burcb. •Ji*i'\>
^m\>«r^\k^ byavurlce-Koinan* r^H
" " corruptlon-Alben.tl7l
" " vluo-Oaul.
-London.
Infldolitv tmperlU tbu b.
Intumpcruncu endaiiKuro s.
InvontorN nerve (be i.
Moralltr prviiervei the it.
I'reHerved by eduoiitton.
UellKluti needful to the i.
" preierve« the a.
" ierve* thoi.-Cr'mwell
KomanUni to rule the n.
Saved by Inventori.
State endaoKered by avarice.
Hupremaoy oi the g.-necket.
Trained for service of h.
Vlue endauKera the h. -Catiline.
" " B.-Va. Colony.
Woman laveg tho n.-Kulvl*
Si'f I'ATKIDTI.SM 1(1 In .
S-tI7
UIIU
im-.t)
'im\
8700
3710
iMai
47!.'i.
47sr7
47.17
ftOH7
•i:m
WM
4(HB
4tB0
4040
4041
4IM!i
4043
4014
4V4A
'J\m
1U15
N8!t
1000
0108
um
1 140
STATESinAN.
Dangerous B.-Chas.Towasend *.vt.') i
Degenerauy of BngUHh i>. •.v)3','
MlftccUancoun croiK-rcferciici's.
IntrlKuer, not a ».-8unuerlnnd.'.'!ti'>7
I n? uccessful 8.-Talented-B. S'l'"
STATESMANSHIP.
Contemptible 8. -Napoleon lll.*,Vi'W
FoolUh 8.-Jamee 11. ♦.VUW
National 8.-Wm. the ('onqu'r'r.*.VW.')
Kuinou8 8. -Spaniard!!. *.')3.S0
Mlscellaiivoiis croiifi-i'i.-r('rt'iict's.
Blunder of s.-Taxlug ('olonlns.
ImaKlnatlon addre886d In s.
Masterly 8.-Cromwell.
IteBults of 8.-CromwelI.
Scandalous s.-Brltlsh.
WUo 8. of Jefferson.
Woman's 8.-Queen Caroline.
See DIPLOMACY hi Inc.
STATUARY.
Mlsci'ilaneoui cniss-refiTciices.
Destroyed-Ruin of PaKutiism.
Mutilated by Romans.
Unappreolated-S. Johnson.
SeeSCULVTOR.
Mental s.-Socrates.
Nobility ln-"Eternallze fame
STATDB.
Honored by s.-Cato.
Inirooniu s.-Apollo,
Lofty t.-Ltnuulu.
■Mm
8740
a3i3
««7
5061
mm
3683
. 331
:«7
334
*.'50J«
••*,5057
•63:^7
*A8iM
('riiMri'fciri'iirc.
Itt'priiaentatlvuof I'buractcr, 03 1
!*!■<■ LAW itiMl I.Klll-I.ATlilN
in l,„\
STKAiTIIIOAT.
MUn'ltiiiH'ttiM trn»i4 rvfrri-'icua.
Kxporlmmt wlih (Irst ». um
IniTi'dullty rt'Hpuctliiij the n. 'i'ldtl
rri'dlcitloii SuciM'Hufrl H. tfl()7
NTKAmiOlTM.
Kliftt ». In KiiKliitnl •.VUO
wrK/iraEiNdiiNh.
I'rnhH rt'IVri'iiri',
I'rt'Jiidli'e oppoM'il till- H.-e. .|il(i
NTEP-:fI<»TlIKll.
( rcK«M ri't't-ri'tirc.
I'dwer of H. -in. Murder. 4188
HTUimA.
M lrni'lliini'c)ii» cidiwriferi'iiii'!!.
IriJuNtloe of 8. on CI(!ero. aH73
S'.mnit'ful 8. of bribery. 5!m;.'I
Sit DISdllACE »ml KKI'UOACll
ill /(;('.
STOK'ISin.
Admlred-Soulbey.
*XH\
SeemliiK 8. of Wm. I*, of Orange. 181
Sec IXnirFKIlKNCK in ttic.
STONE.
Sacred 8. ut Kmch.'i.
" " " Mecca.
*5;i4a
♦5343
('niHiiTc'fercnce.
Sacred 8.-KlaKabalu8-Komo. 2085
STORIVI.
DcBtruotlve s. In Kn^laiid. *r>HH
Terrible s.-Reljcn of Chas. I. *.W15
I'nequalled B.-Hobert Burns. *XUa
4169
4904
Death by l.-..KsculaplU8.
SlRnlflcant l.-Sacrlfices.
See WIND.
Dependence on w.-Wm.P. of 0.1862
Experiment with w -Newton. 1003
Sectarian w.-Wm. P. of OranKe..'>(M6
STRANGERS.
Chilled by s. at St. Kllda. ♦5347
See FOREIGNERS in loc.
IKJ'.t
NTHAT..»Ein.
Credible h. of I'uralan* •MIH
DlRlionorable *, Spaniards. *KUO
SuuceN* by 8.-(l«orKla. ♦M.V)
Comutus. ♦N'151
MliicrlluiK'iiiiii crdM-rtfcnincft,
of Loyally Woman. VVV
Oath by H Harold II. BRtO
in Uetreal WnMhlnKton. 481-J
of VeMKeant^e Shipwreck. l.'MT
'.Irtue overcome by H. Hape. •JvTt!
Si.. A.MIIIX AliI-;.
Perils of H llraddoek's defeat. 07
Sec (■uN>l'I|tAI V in l„c.
NTHATK«JY.
DespUed Purslans.
.Needful H.-(.'olumbU8.
.Mlscelluiieoua crusw-rcfereiR'ts.
Calmness in 8. -Moravians. 8111
DIsreRarded-Celebratlon of lib. .181 1
Lesson of s.-" steady!" 8147
Loss by 8. -A. LiDcoln. Iia")
Memorable s. -Death of Croni. !H'>5
Terrific 8. -Columbus. ll.'iS
Terrifylnjf B.-Awakeninir-L. .XOl
Vow8 made in s. -Columbus. .'5864
See IH'KUICANE.
Ominous h.-Death of Crom. *8680
See MOHTNINO.
Fear of 1., Superstitious. ♦320')
' -W"8hln(tt'n'smother.*.33()0
•M.VJ
♦.•A-i.'!
MIncelliiiH'cmiicroiMi'referenceii.
vs. Numbers H. Cortei. !W.'I0
Victory bys.-W. Scott 'Dutton "10
STHEKTS.
Darkne^is of n. of London.
Filthy 8. of London.
f^THKNGTH.
Conselousness of s - Mex.
I'hystlcal s. -Peter Jefferson,
" '-Washington,
by Plety-Cromwell.
Sic ATlll.KTi:.
Itemarkable a -Tbraclun.
Iloyal a.-Ilenry II.
Moral weakness of Mllo.
Htron)? a. -Father o. felTerson.
" " -OeorKc WnahiiiKton.
lite ATIILKTK
Karly trulnInK of n.-Pe- (an.
" " " " -Spartans.
Kdueatlon of a. -Roman.
Military a.-Uoman.
Trained a -Roman soldiers.
.■iec KOKCE in li>r.
♦5;i:)4
♦.VI.Vi
♦.');!.'>«
*.->;ir)H
♦ft3.M»
♦!;«7
♦.388
♦;jH9
.WiO
MMt
1770
1817
1778
1827
6679
STRIPE.
Cholcelns. Louis XIV. ♦.1800
ConJURal s. -Reconciliation. *:>S6\
Family s.-Abominable. *.'5362
Premature s. -Bishop Burnet. ♦5363
UeBponslbillty for 8. -James II. ♦.5364
MlHColliinemm cnnn-refereiieeD.
Love of s.-EnRllsh ancestors. .5878
Music In 8 -Charles XII. 8752
Needless s.-BattIo of N. Orlean8.487
Provokhif; 8. by young knlKhts. 101
Ueiifn of s.-Enitllsh barons. 24.')6
See ANTAIJON'SM.
Natui-al a.-Protestani and ('. I. 243
In Personal character-M. L. 761
" -(i. Ellz. 76;i
I'nnatural a. -Father-Son. 1064
See CDNFLICT.
Bootless c.-Bunker Hill. ♦lOfiO
Land of c. -Kentucky. ♦lOOl
Rule of c.-Wm. P. of Orange, ♦loes
Self-sustaining c. -Spoils. ♦1063
I'nnatural c.-Wm. I. the N. ♦1064
Unprepared for o -Greeks. •1065
Inglorious c.-Commodus. 58SS
940
STRUGGLE— SUCCESS.
Il
970
4000
IO()H
4838
Sentluenlal c. -Earth and gea.
Sham o.-Bftttlo of Brennevllle.
the Spiritual va. Anlmul-Man.
Unequal o -I'Izarro-Ausasslns.
personal '■.
■SceCONKLICTS
Mental c. in religious cluty-Joan.41T
Sie FIGKTINO.
;n neatb-Pcrsians. *3129
DuHpflrate f.-Threeout of 600. *;!i;io
and Hra}iDK Admiral Blake. '-iVil
STRVOtiljK.
Fierce B.-Paul Jones.
Hopeless s.-Batlle of Free).
See CONTEST in luc.
♦.5364
*5360
STUDENT.
Belated-CharlemaRne. *S367
Folly of s.-OUver Goldsmith, *5869
Royal s.-Char'.emagne. •5368
Miscellaneous eroBS-references.
Closo 8. -John Mll*on.
Impecunious s.-ll. Luther.
Precocious s.-Alexander Pope.
Pride stimulates s.-Newton.
Pugilistic g.-HuRh Miller.
Ridlculed-"Bible Moths."
Royal s -Queen Elizabeth.
Rules iRnore.l by s.
6^11
497
4403
4493
S46S
68S
6098
8664
STUDENTS.
('^o^s-r('f^?rL'I'"L^
Patriotism of .s.-Am.Rev'lutlon.4072
STUDIES.
Ancient s.-Itii y.
*5370
STUDY.
Devoted to a.-T. Jefferson.
'■ " "-Prest.. Madison
Preparatlo»i by s.-J. Milton.
*5371
♦5372
♦5373
♦5374
Napoleon r.*5375
3794
604
1445
4891
5024
i016
5025
Miscellaneous onissrcferences.
Absorbed In s.-Newton.
Blindness by 8.-J. Milton,
in Death-Sea-chart.
Devotion to s.-Youiig Nap.
Dislike for s. -Robert Fulton.
Humble s. of Burns.
Incentive to s. -Emulation.
Neglected s. by young Newton. 179
Passion for s.-Blaise Pascal. 2.324
Perseverance in s.-CiBsar. 1491
Plan of s, vs. Plan of battle. 2330
Private s.-Early and late-Davy. 86
Prolonged «.-All night-Mllton. 1014
Success by continued s. 4032
Thorough-Bunyan in prison. 81
•See EDUCATION and SCHOOL
in Inc.
Hoys f. at school-I. Newton. 170
Inoff jctlve f. at " Ish.nd No.l0."483
See SEDITION.
Partisan s.-"Bluesand Kreen*.''.V)78
Se*j UATTLK, CONTEST. HATRED
iUKl OPI'OSITION in iuc.
H
STUPIDITY.
>oles8 s. of Jamfs 1'.
♦53:6
MlscellrtneouB crosn-referenccs.
Improvident s. -Gold-seekers. 2807
Insult of s.-James II. 2903
Mistake o' s.-llag vs. I'eails. 2723
Offloial 8. -Newcastle.
" "-Traitor-Arnold.
Traveller's s.-Crusaders.
STYLE.
Adaptation of s.-.M. Luther.
See FASHION in lut.
SUBJUti.lTIOIV.
Intolerable s. by Irlsli troops. *,'j.378
Oppressive s. bv Mahomet II. *.537!)
Crosc-reference.
Resented by Bishon Mark.
Scf SUI'l'KESSION.
Failure of religious s.
of Heresy by Uw-Kiigland.
" Indignation by Napoleon.
" Resentment to robbery.
See CONlit'EST in loc.
SUBLIini'i'Y.
Influence of s. -Pyramids.
SUBiniSSION.
HumlliatiUKS. -Richard II.
of foul-Penitential s.
*53«1
♦5.382
Miscellaneous oroa.s- references.
Kxaotlng b. -James II. 248
Humiliating 8 -Captive Emp. 2197
Prayer of s. -Socrates. 4557
Soul's 8. to God. 53*;2
SUBORDINATION.
Cross-reference.
Example of s. -Peter the Qreat.196:
SUBSISTENCE.
Cross-reference.
Indicated-" Spoon in cap." .5(i;U
SUBSTITUTE.
Happy 8.-Persecution. ♦5383
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Declined, Advocate's s. 101
for Husband, Wife a s. 4078
SUBSTITUTES.
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Punished In s. -Pirates. 1210
■' "-Cowards. 1446
in Suffering penance. 2800
SUCCESS.
Changes by s. -Columbus. ♦.')384
Dangerous s. -Rivalry. ^5385
"-Aicibiades. ♦5386
Dangers of g.-Demorallzatlon.+5387
Delusive s.-Charles Goodyear.^.5;i88
Deserved-Benj. Kranklln. ♦5389
a Disaster-Queen Anne's war.^5390
by Duplicity-Louis XI. *l,Wi.
Encouraging s.-Battle of T. ♦5392
Fortunate s.-Emp. Honorius. *5SdZ
Genius for s -Frederick II. ♦5.394
2710
2717
1553
2724
♦537
883
2554
2550
5093
4808
♦5380
Mlscc'llaneons cro-'M references .
Essentials of s. In architecture. 5*94
" • " " Gothic a. 2(
by Qentleness-Mlsslonaries.
vs. Happiness-Cyrus.
Jealousy of s. -Columbus.
Joys of s.-Columbus.
Lines of s. -General (irant.
Misunderstood-Hannibal,
a Necesslty-l'reDuh hev'l'tion
Overruled-Alexander.
by Perseverance-D'm'sth'nes
Premature s.-C'has. Goodyear.
Proof of 8. -Ellas Howe.
Remarkable s.- Civil War.
" "-Goethe
Reputation by s.-Washington
" "-E. Yankees.
Steps to s.-Dr. Morton.
Surprising s.-Romans.
vs. Tactics-Napoleon I.
Unenjoyed by C'tesar.
Want of s.-Oeneral Grant,
by Weakness-British
Well-earned s.-A. Jackson.
♦5395
♦5.39ft
♦5897
♦5398
♦.539»
•.'■)400
♦.'.401
♦:i40»
♦5404
*.")405
*.-i40«
*.-)407
*.>I08
♦.5409
♦.')410
*54I1
♦5412
♦.Ml 3
♦.5414
♦.5115
♦,5410
Miscellaneous cr<is3- references.
Adversity precedes s. 8*
by Advertising-John Law. 2134
Afraid of s.-Engllsh ministry. 17S8
In Age, CsBsar's s. 136
by Aggression-Marathon. 467
" " -Joan of Arc. 65S
" Audaclty-Pomiiey. 6210
Boldness brings B.-Joan of Arc. 1900
Caution with s, -Lincoln. 1046
by Changes of business. 3857
" Charity-John Howard. 513
Christianity a remarkable s. 84S
Conditionally desired-Burns. 1009
Confident of s.-Napoloon. 1042
Contingencies of s. 1155
by Courage-Fred, the Great. 1247
' • Deception in politics. 1596
after Defeat. 2023
Delighted by business s. 690
Depreciated, Tailor's 8. 6777
Diplomacy of s. -Napoleon. 2093
In Early life-Chinese Gordon. 0187
" " " -J«)hn Newton. 6185
" " " -Tlmour. 6184
Easy and great s.-Pompey. 5816
Emotions by s.-Newton. 1871
Energy brings s.-Wolsey. 1895
Evil-doers s. unlnterrupted-F. 100
Expensive s.-Bunker Hill. 1060
Failure of s.-Reproach. 2.321
after Failure-Demosthenes. 2081
or Fallure-Nelpon. 4*30
False presumption of s. 1603
by Genius-William Pnl. 8586
Ood-glven s.-A. Lincoln. 4559
Hurtful 8. -Asiatics-Romans. 3416
Imperilled by s. -Athenians. 4o5
Impressive s. -Ca>8ar. 2302
by Impuise-Sylla. 2767
Jealousy poisons s. 1911
Joys of s.-Coiumbup. 4628
by Labor-Jamestown. 3118
Little things necessary to s. 3328
Measured by aggre8slon-R'man9.150
Necessary-Boats burned. 1074
Perilous s.-Lottery. 3334
by Perseverance-Qoodyear. 4154
SUFFERING— SUPEKSTITION.
941
♦6895
♦&3fi6
•5897
♦6398
*539»
•5400
>n.*r)-101
♦.MO-J
L'S.*:)40»
ir.*5404
•5405
•MOC
*5407
m.*.")408
s. •540!>
•5410
•5411
•5418
*r>4ia
♦5414
•5415
*,')41C
80
3184
r. 1782
136
467
653
C310
Lrc.1900
104G
3857
513
84S
1009
1042
1155
1247
159ft
2083
690
5777
2693
CI 87
6185
6184
5816
1871
1895
106
1060
2321
3081
4830
1603
S586
4559
3416
4o5
2302
2767
1911
4623
3118
3323
IDS. 150
1074
3334
4154
Presumption beRets s.-Three in.l076
bcKeta Pi-esumptiou. 2570
williout Prlnolples-C'raumer. lOlH
Heinarkable s.-Conquest of C. 1060
of RlRht-Am. Uevolutlon. 5984
or Ruin-" Bring a ^ead." 8262
by Sacrlfloe-Mental-Jones. 1776
" Severity-Peter the Great. 8875
Silences unbelievers. 8306
Soldier's remarkable s.-P. 8885
by Speotalty-Maxlmlan. .5877
Spoiled by talkliiiit. 5148
Stimulation of s.-A. Lincoln. 3(i61
brings Success-Roths .'-hlld. 5169
Talent without s.- Goldsmith. mSO
Unappreclated-Gold-seekers. 1636
Uneujoyed by Napoleon I. 6827
by I'nexpected activity. 1491
Vanity prevents s. 2213
by Wickedness, False s. 4,541
In " -Fredegonda 6109
-Sie POPULARITY, PROSPERITY
and VICTORY in loc.
SUFFERING.
Mlscelluneous croas- references.
Brotherhood In s.-Nelson. 85C8
from Brutality of enemies. 679
of Explorers-Spaniards. 8390
Extremity of 8.-"Blaok Hole " 1.3.56
by FlOfCBlnK-Tltus Gates. 8100
Fortitude In s.-Mexicans. 71 1
Indlflference to s. of others-S. 193
Lesson of s.-Sympathy. 1990
of Patriots at Valley Forge.
Spiritual s.-Bunyan.
"-Adam Clark.
" "-Bunyan.
Superior to s.-Phlllp.
Victory in s.-Martyr.
In War-Famine.
" '■ -Fredrlcksburg.
" " -Siege of Rouen.
SUFFERINGS.
Unspeakable s.-Dr. Mott.
See AGONY.
Crucifixion-" Highest Illus."
1180
1181
1198
6945
4028
6933
5918
6904
•5417
♦148
Delight In gladiators' a. 108
Indifference to a., Inhuman. 1362
Pleasure in a. of dying. 1368
Mental a.-Josephine's divorce. 1699
Mocked-Martyrs. 1358
See ANGUISH.
Prolonged-Garibaldi. ♦230
Conjugal a. of Josephine. 104
Mental a.-Napoleon- Waterloo. 3817
MurdciTT's a.-Alexander. 1744
See CROSS.
Emblems of the Christian c. *1317
ProtocMcm of thee. -Roman L. *1318
Recovered-Holy relic from P. ♦1319
Victory by the c.-Con8tantlne.^l320
Charmed o.-" Agaus Del." 7ft3
Fraudulent 0. Tlellcs. 4672
Peace by the blood of ( he c. 1175
Preoious relics of the c. 4672
Relic of the c.-Nalls-Spear. 1047
Rival 0.-" Indulgence Cross." 827
Saved by the c.-Whltefleld. 4770
True c. captured by Persians. 38-J
Victory by sign of o.-Con. 1781
See CRUCIFIXION.
Modern c. In India. ♦ISSl
Agony of c. Great.
Honored after c. -Jesus.
148
1381
See MISERY.
Delight In m.of others-Jeffreys. 8868
Infliction of m. -Arcadia. 448
Reaction of m. on oppressors. 6737
Royal m.-Constantlnople. 4949
" " -Stuarts. 4951
Splendid m. -Roman Emperor. 2688
See ADVERSITY, CALAMITY,
CRUELTY, PERSECU-
TION and TORT-
URE in loc.
SUFFRAGE.
Perils of universal s.
Universal s. -Virginia.
•5418
♦5419
(>(i98-referencc.
Restricted to church members. 591
See ELECTION in loc.
SUICIDE.
Averted s. -Napoleon I. ♦5420
Cause of s.-Samuel Johnson. ♦.5481
Cowardice of s.-Am. Indians. ♦5428
Deterred-Benjamln Abbott. ♦.5423
Dyspeptic's escapo by s. ♦5424
Escape by s.-Demosthenes. ^5425
Glorification of s.-Stolcs. ♦5426
Mania for s.-WlUlam Cowper. ♦5427
Philosophic 8.-MarcU8. ♦5428
Remorseful 8. -Mr.-i. Shelley. ♦5489
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Attempted by Cowper. 2691, 2883
at Command of ruler. 3843
by " -Forty wives. 1410
of the Defeated Clmbrlans. 1550
for Disgrace-Lucretia. 5780
Fanatic's s.-^Heligtous. 3506
Intentional s.-Youthful W. 1008
Intimtdated-Nero. 1270
Paradise gained by s. 1416
Preparation for s.-Slielley. .3345
" " -Fred. II. .3038
Prevented s.-Alexander's. 4021
Refuge from famine In s. 2015
" " adversity In s. 5420
Required-ex-Offloer-Turk. 3806
Soldiers' s.-Roman. 1404
" " -Antony. 1405
Temptation to s.-Melancholy. 1179
sumniER.
Land of s.-N. Carolina. ♦51.30
summoNS.
Exasperating s. -Black Prince. •5431
SUN.
Worship of the s -Persians. ♦5432
SUNDAY.
Burdensome s.-S. Johnson. •6433
See SABHATII in tur.
SUNDAY SCHOOLS.
Farmer's s.-s. -England. •5434
Fruit of s.-s. -England. •6435
SUPERIORITY.
MUcellunciius crdssreferences.
Contrasted-Greeks vs. Romans. 903
Manifold s.-Genlus of Nap. 2819
See DISTINCTION in loc.
SUPERNATURAL.
iliMi'i'lIiiiit'oua crcisurefiTences.
Credulity concerning the s. 3!»u7
of West Indians. 6143
SUPERSTITION.
Absurdity of s. -Papal.
Aid of s. -Charles II.
-Athenians.
Alarm of s. -Europe.
Appeal to s.-Constantius.
" " " -J. Smith,
and Astrology-Chas. II.
Beneficial ».-Pestllence.
Common s. -England, 1642.
Controlled by s.-West Indians.
Cowardice of s. -Mexicans.
Credulity of s. -Genius.
" " "-Am. Indians.
Depressed by s.-Alexander.
from Ignorance-Germans.
Incredible s. -First Crusade.
Inhumanity of s.-Sylla
Inventions of s.-Ecllpee.
Omens of s. -Meteor.
Religious 8. -Cures.
Removed-Egyptians.
Ridiculous s.-Egyptians.
Safety by g.-John Smith,
of Scholars- Year 1653.
" Soldiers-Spirits,
vs. Wisdom-Julian.
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Right of way to the s.-Dlogene8.3415
Utilized in War-Ancients. 353
" " -Archimedes. 343
•.54,36
♦6437
♦6438
•5439
♦5440
♦5441
•5448
♦5443
♦5444
♦,5445
•5446
•5447
♦,5448
•.5440
*.54.50
♦5451
♦5452
♦5453
♦i>454
♦5455
•54.50
•5457
•5468
•5459
♦5460
•5161
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Alarm of s. -Europeans. 6439
Ancient s.-Beglnnlng a city. 897
Animal's vision- Angel. 1250
Burden of s.-Pagan worship. 4870
Confidence by religious s. 1047
" of s.-Gordlan knot. '.581
Conviction of s.-Luther. 1 1 78
Corrected-" Black day." 1396
Credulity of s.-Augury. 2907
Cures of 8.-" Kings evil," 1379, 1380
Death by lightning. 8299
Deceived ' s.-" Sacred fawn. "1479
Degrading s.-Romans-Omens. 385
Delayed by s.-Spartans. 467
In Dreams- American Indians. 1723
Fears of Romans. 1284
Folly of 8.-" Squeaking rat." 4685
" " " -Demonlzed. 1566
Foolish s.-" Friday." 2237
of Geniuf-Signs-Johnson. 23.38
Growth of s.-Worchlp of lra'g'8.6165
of Idolatera-TmBgo broken. 693
Ignorance feeds s.-Savages. 8198
of Ignorance-Spaniards- Ang'ls.6143
Inhumanity of s -Lepers. 4418
" " -Sylla. 5463
04-i
SUPPER— SYMBOLS.
i!
Marvel of 8. -Voice.
Medical s.-Ucath of Chaa. II.
Overcaiitlon aKainst 8.
Overcome by fact.
" " " -DtikeWm.
Overthrown with PaKanUm.
Periloas a. of Pafcans.
Power over brutal g.-Fulk.
" of s.-Joan of Arc.
and Prejudice- Lepers.
RellKloua s. of Persians.
Remedy of s.-Am. Indians.
Remedies of a.-Quackery.
vs. Reverenoe-Indlans-Blble.
Sailors' s.-Electrlc lights,
of Sceptics-Restlessness.
Sinner'a a.-Jamea II.
of Soldiers- ^:nKlish.
Spirit communications.
Strenfctb of s.-Mohammedans.
Victim to folly of a.-Salem.
See CREDULITY,
of Pbllo8opher8-Stran;;e o.
Religious o.-Prlestcraft.
of the Sick -16th century.
Superstitious c. -Romans.
" -Persian Magi.
3909
4171
lilt
HI
DS
8.309
4U3
!()«
15.59
•141H
188,5
1W8
1883
.585
1853
5083
768
5460
3803
1378
845
♦1881
♦1888
♦1883
♦1884
18a5
Excess of c.-Mohammedans. ♦3688
of Fanatics-Crusadera. 5850
Gold-seekers c.-Signs-Spldera. 5141
of Hatred-Origin of Huns. 1.588
" Superstition-Mystery. 5447
" " -Am. Indians. 5448
" " -First Crusade. .5451
-N. E. Colonies. 5453
" TImldlty-Negro plot. 4814
brings Unbelief-Miracles. 3636
Victim of o.-Cotton Mather. 1567
See BIGOTRY and FANATIC
IM lOC.
SIJPPBR.
Cross-reference.
Preparation for Antony's s. 865
See EATINO and FEAST in loc.
SDPPIilANT.
Abject s.-Lord Rochester. ♦5468
See PETITION in tuc.
8VPPORT.
Cross-reference.
Needed-Battle of Fontenoy. 69
SUPPRESSION.
Miscellaneous crosa-references.
Failure of s. -Religious opinlons.2554
25,56
5693
48ni
of Heresy by law-England.
" Indignation by Napoleon.
" Resentment at robbery.
See SUBJUGATION.
Intolerable a. by Irish troops.
Oppressive s. by Mahomet II.
Resented by Bishop Mark.
See CONQUEST in toe.
r. 8
• 9
883
Meritorious i>.-l7th century. ♦5403
Sec PRE-EMINENCK in loc.
SURGEONS.
MlBcellaneous cross-references
Barbers the s.-16th century.
4.56
In.senslblllty to sufferings'.
193
SCRGRRV.
Bravo s.-Duke Leopold. ♦5104
Skill In s.-Dr. V. Mott. ♦5465
-See PHYSICIAN in to".
SVRPRISK.
M utual-Amerlcan Re vol utlon . ♦.5406
Success by s.-Col. Barton. ♦5467
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Bold 8.-Paul Jones at Whifh'v'n.644
Deceiver's s.-Relica disclosed. 3840
Destruotive-St. Clair by Indians. 50
" -British privateers. 383
4042
6049
3488
4079
.3729
2771
:mo
S766
394
Happy 8., Garibaldi's.
" "-Lucanlan.
at Marriage of Milton.
Prevented by warning-Wash.
Success by s.-Hannah Dustin.
" " -Caesar.
-Cortez.
Successful s.-Tlconderoga.
" " at Fort King.
See A.MBUSCADE.
Perils of-Braddock's defeat.
SURRENDER.
to Death-Boges.
Demanded- Ethan Allen.
Disgraceful s.-Manche&ter.
Final s.-Civll War.
Impossible s.-The Old Guard.
Indignant s.-P. Stuyvesant.
Prevented-Charter Oak.
♦5468
♦,5469
♦5470
♦5471
♦5478
♦W73
♦,5474
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Infamous s.-lO.OOO Scots to 509 E.306
of Life, Cheerful s. 1430
" " " "-Defeat. 1494
" " -Noble s. 3820
Refusal to s., Determined-G. 1378
Unconditional s.-Ft. Donelson. 1891
See SUBMISSION.
Humiliating s.-Rlchard II. ^5,381
of Soul-Penitential s, ^5388
Exacting s. -James II. 848
Humiliating s.-Emp. of Russia. 8197
Prayer of s.-Socrates. 4557
Soul's s. to God. 5388
See CONQUEST and DEFEAT
in loc.
SURVEYOR.
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Illustrious s.-Geo. Washington. 6198
Unsuccessful s.-A. Lincoln. 83
SURVIVOR.
Gross-reference.
Solitary soldier-English. ,59,35
SUSPENSION.
Financial-Bank of England. ^5475
See BANKRUPTCY and FAILURE
in tuc.
SUSPICION.
Above a.-Caesar's wife. ♦5476
Clamoroua s.-Free Masons. ♦,5477
of Consplracy-Constantine. ^5478
Diverted-Emperor Nero. ^5479
" -King of Portugal. ♦5480
Effect of s.-Emp. Commodua. ^,5481
Perllona a.-Emperor Nero. ♦548*
Sown in war. *.5483
Weakness of a.-Dlonysiua. ♦5484
Miscellaneous croxs references.
\ppeal to Alexander's s.
from a Dream-Antlgonus.
Exposed to B.-Philotas.
Overconfldence begets a.
Sectarian s. -Jesuits.
Slender men-s. of Casaar.
Victim of a.-" The Pretender." 6883
Sec JEALOUSY in loc.
SWEARING.
Admlrod-Gen. Charles Scott. ♦,5485
Reproof for s.-John Bunyan. ^5480
1048
2,523
.3741
3528
1475
863.
Cross-reference.
Subatltute for profane a.
See OATH in loc.
SWIIVIITIING.
Cross-reference.
Saved by s., Columbus.
SWINDLER.
Royal 8. -Henry VI.
" " " VIIL
" "-Richard I.
See FRAUD in loc.
413
4545
♦5487
♦5488
♦5489"
SWORD.
vs. Babner-Joan of Arc. ^5490
in Religion-Mahomet. ^5491
Worship of the s.-Scythlana. ♦5498
Miscellaneous cross-reference...
Challenged by the s.-Cor'nation.890
Decided by s.-Gordium Knot. 1581
Government by the s.-Crom. 4904
of Mars discovered. 5876
Mightier than pen-Fred. II. 4884
Power by a., Ctesar's. 1555
" of s.-Cromwell. 3018
Title by the s. 4902
Wooden s.-Earnest hand. 1757
SWrORDS.
Cross-reference.
Changed into fetters.
SYCOPHANCY.
Miscellaneous crossreierences.
Clerical a.-Dlvlne right.
Commended-Johnfon.
of Courtiers to James II.
Influence lost by s.-Penn.
See SERVILITY.
Oiagraceful s.-James Bagge.
1498
3058
;J579
3528
8841
of Flatterers-Romans.
Genius for s.-James Bagge.
Required by tyrant-Sapor.
Shameful a.-Roman Senate.
Shameless s. of husband of Z.
See FLATTERY in ice.
♦5123
305
5123
2527
4373
63
SYnROLS.
Miscellaneous cross-references.
of Dominion denied. 3891
Far-fetched s.-Pagan. 2959
Inauguration by a. 8760
See SIGNS in too.
8. *.')481
*548iJ
*M83
♦5-I84
10-18
2583
3741
3538
1475
263.
r."62«i
*548&
♦548&
412
4545
*5487
*548»
*548»
♦5490
*5491
♦5498
;Ion.89(>
1581
4904
5876
4824
1555
3618
4902
1767
1498
3052
;J579
3528
2841
•5183
305
5123
2587
4373
63
2891
2959
2780
SYMPATHY— TEACH EHS.
8YAIPATHY.
by Experlence-8, Johnson. •5493
Freaks of 8.-Napoleon I. *5491
for the Friendless-A. Lincoln. ♦5495
Mutual s.-Napoloon I. ^5490
for Poor-.\. Lincoln. ♦.M97
Religious s.-Purltans. ^5498
Uomanned by s.-ColumbuH. ♦5-199
Miscellaneous cross-rofurcnccs.
Beggara arts-London. 1893
Denied offenders-Old EDf(1and.2860
Eccentricity of s.-Napoleon L 8578
Enraeed by s.-Fred. William.
Female s.-Joan of Arc.
" "-Lucy Hutchinson.
Power of s.-Pardon.
Prayerful 8.-Wlfe of Martyr T
Suffering in s.-Dr. Molt.
Various forms of s. for W. Scott. 92
See COMPASSION.
Discreditable c. -James II. ♦lOOS
Female c.-Indian ^irl. ♦1006
&S89
6104
6106
4001
679
,5417
Appeal to o.-Slx burgesses. 4>iii9
DextUute of c.-Indian women. 8074
for Failure in life- Burns. 8087
Woman's characteristic c. 6045
See KINDNESS.
Religion of li.-Rev. J.Newton.^3077
Conceals faults -Hervey.
Crime of k. to criminal.
Reprimand of li. -Johnson,
of Savages to Columbus.
Spirit of li.-Pope to Howard.
See MERCY.
Provision for m.-A. Lincoln.
24(in
4466
4775
86-19
145
♦.3588
Affection without m. 3068
Despised by Jeffreys. 3068
Gratitude for sparing m. 1 19
Lack of m.-Old England. 3860
Odious m. of James II. 3997
Pleading for m. -Calais. 4639
See PITY,
■^alse p., Oppressor's. 2698
Insensible to p.-Tlmour. ViS7
Manifested-Abdallah. 8889
Moments of p.-Cruel caliph. 8773
Pleasure marred by p. 5320
Punishment forp.-Dr.Batement.540
Restrained by fear-Heretics. 8,557
after Self-protection. 1161
Unnatural to man-Johnson. 1353
Victim of hi') own p.-Goldsmith.543
Wlthheld-Suffering-Tyrant. 1357
by Romans. 1355
Woman's p. for foundling. 781
See BENEVOLENCE in loc.
SYSTEin.
Living by s.-Alfred the Great. ♦5500
Miscellaneous cross-references.
in Benevolence-John Wesley. 549
" " -Old England. 4895
'• '• -John Howard. 3650
TACT.
Lack of t.-John Adams. ♦5501
Natural t.-Henry Sidney. ♦5502
MIscelLineous cross-references.
Rewanled-Caroless slave.
Superstition overcome by t.
•4 it t» It
See SKILL (>i (w.
TACTICS.
CroHS-refiTLMice.
VB, Success-Napiileon I,
See srPv.VTEGY in toe.
32
31
33
6412
TAILORS.
MI.-icellaneDUH erons-rcfercnces.
Oppression of t, by man'f ct'r'r8.42U
1839
TAIiEBEARERS.
Cross-ruferenco.
Mischievous- Volt'lre'scrltrisin. 3002
See (iOSSlP.
Serviceable for publication. ^2400
See INKOUMEKS i» loc.
TALENT.
witliout Character-Fred. II. ♦5,503
Discovery of t.-Napoleon I. ♦5504
Education of t.-Alexander. ^5505
Indications of t.-Mathematics.^.'i.'iOd
Lack of t.-Confederate gens. ♦.5507
Overestlmated-Napoleon I. ♦5508
Untaught t. of Z. Colburn. *5509
Miscellaneous cross-references.
VS. Character-Lord Byron.
Developed by criticism.
Mlsapplled-Ruler.
Money rivals t.-Crafsus.
without Success-Goldsmith.
2057
1305
4,509
4980
20.30
TALENTS.
Mlsjudged-Charles XII. ♦5510
See ABILITIES andHENirS
in loc.
TALISmAIV.
Belief in t.-W. Indians. ^5511
See CHARM.
Protecting c.-Thunder and 1. ^782
"-Agnus Dei. ^783
TARDINESS.
Punished with death. 5247
See DELAY in loc.
TARIFF.
Protection by t. -First Cong. ♦5512
TASTE.
Conditioned-Climate. ♦5513
for Literature-Alexander. ^5514
TASTES.
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Architectural t. differ. 281
Differ-Nature-Art-Johnson. 341
Opposite t. In art-Chinese-G. 328
Overcoming t.-Young Irving. 620
Peculiarity in t.-S. Johnson. .334
See OPINIONS and SENTIMENTS
in loc.
TAX.
on Consumptlon-Eng. Col.
Enormous t.-Henry VIIL
Excise t., Disturbance by.
♦5515
♦.5516
♦5517
Miscellaneous cross reterenccs.
Educational t.-Harvard. 1825
Extortionate t.-One third.
Principle represented by t.
Resisted by litigation.
Significant of dominion.
TAXATION.
Exemption from t. -Clergy.
Inevitable t.- Romans.
Odious t.-Stamp Act.
943
4358
4460
31.39
4910
♦.5518
♦,5519
♦,5520
by Representatives-Am. Rev. ♦SJiSl
Registed-Illegal t.-N. H. ♦5,582
Ruinous t. In France. ♦,5523
by Stamps-Am. Colonies. •5524
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Burdensome t.-Army. 6986
Entitles suffrage-Virginia. ,5419
Right of t. unchallenged. ,5747
TAXES.
Destructive t., Constautlne's.
" to agriculture.
Disturbances from-Frauce.
Legislated, British t.
Merciless to agriculture.
Multlplled-RomaDb.
Odious t. on "chimneys."
Oppressive t.-Roman.
" "-New York.
Rebellion against t.-Duties.
Ruinous t.-France.
♦,5525
♦,5,526
♦5,527
*5588
♦,5589
♦,5530
♦,5o31
♦5532
*,55i',3
♦.5,5.31
♦,55,35
Mit»celIaiK'inia cros:' -references.
AKriculture burdened by t.
1.54
" " 155
Burdensome ecclesiastical t. 4684
Clerical t. Imposed. 946
Costly t.-Stamp Act for £60,000. 506
Exemption of parent of four o. 446
Exhausted by t.-England. 2000
Gov'rnra'nt restrained in t.-U.C 53:10
Natives exempt from t.-Itali'n8.<82
Oppressive t. of Henry VIII. 3942
Poor bear the t. of rich. 4288
Rebellion against t.-France, .3200
whiskey t. 4620
War burdens with t. 5886
See EXCISE.
Laws, First English. ♦1971
Unexecuted-Robert Burns. ♦lOTS
See TRIBUTE in loc.
TEACHER.
Punished by scholars. ♦5530
Relation of t.-Arlstotle. ♦,55:17
Responsibility of t.-Alex. 'SeSS
Value of t. to Alexander. •55.39
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Crime to be a Catholic t.
Devoted to youth-Beeda.
Honored-Aristotle.
Ingenious t.~Eli Whitney.
Maternal t.-Lincoln's mother.
Remarkable t.-Hjpatla.
Severe t.-Wrongheaded.
Valuable t.-Aristotle to Alex.
TEACHERS.
Pay of t.-Athenlans.
2963
6150
3878
88
1789
6078
8114
1813
♦5540
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Parental t. of Mis. Adams. .3497
Tyrannical t., Martin Luther's. 1793
■
944
TEARS— THEATRE.
V
Hee SriIOOLMASTER.
Itnltatod-WlUlam Cowper. ♦6037
r«. Soldler-WelUtiBton. *5038
Sec INSTRUCTION in loc.
TEARS.
Mlsccllancoim cniRS-rpfcroncca.
of Bereavement-Dan. Webster. 501
Fictitious t. -Weeping virgin. 8680
Fountain of secret t.-Byron. a535
Power of maternal t. on Alex. 114
Uefuge of emotion in t.-Llnooln..'J57
Shameful t.-Emp. Vltelllus. 8879
See WAILING.
Remedy for the sick- Aby8sin'n8.4750
See WEEPING.
for Joy-Cltlzens of London. 3031
-See MOURNINO in loc.
TECHNICAIilTIES.
Strenuous for t.-Llncoln. ♦5541
Mlaoellancoua cross-references.
Invalidating t.-Plymouth pat. 3150
" "-Jurisprudence. 3985
TBETH.
Orossreferences.
Coercion by drawing t.
Knowledge of t. imperfect.
TEIiEORAPH.
Valuable to the state.
2001
a030
♦5.->4i
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Cable, p. Cooper's Atlantic. 5984
Failure of t. by neglect. 2083
Invention of electric t. 4030
Scepticism overcome. 2916
TEmPER.
Command of t.-Themistoolea. ♦5543
Miscellaneous cross-referencea.
Aroused by bad dinner. 1592
Obstacle of t.-Jeffreys. 2906
Violer. t t.-Martin Luther. 4829
TEinPERAIIIENT.
Changeful t.-Henry II. ♦5544
138
919
Miscellaneous cross references.
Sanguine t. of J. Wesley.
Weather affects t.
See DISPOSITION in loc.
TERIPER A NCE.
Allies of t.-Tea and coffee. ♦5545
of Athletes-Grecian. ♦5540
Beginning in t.-Flrst org. '5547
German t. -Respected by C. ^5548
and Justlce-PhlHp. ^5549
by Legislation-Spartans. ♦5.5,50
Legislation against t.-C'ngr'ss.^565i
" fort-England. ♦5558
" " "-Protect the p. ♦55.53
Mechanical t.-"Peg8 in cup." ^5554
and Politics-" Drink his s." ^5555
Possible-English prohibition. ♦5556
Practical t. of Napoleon I. ♦5557
by Prohibition-London. ♦5558
" Reaction-Examples. ^5559
" -Cyrus. ♦5560
Beformation-Pather Mathew. ♦5.561
Religious t., Mahomet's. ♦,j5«8
Standard of T.-G. Washington.^SSOS
Strict t. of Mohammedans. ♦5504
Miscellaneous cri)»«-references.
Commended and practised-C.
in Diet-John Howard,
by Legislation-England.
Prolongs life-John Locke.
" " -Josiah Qulncy.
Religious t. of Mohammedans.
See ABSTINENCE.
Certainty by a.-S. Johnson.
Prudential by experience.
Twofold-Wine and water.
8400
1576
8951
3386
3888
6077
♦14
♦16
♦17
Necessary-" One glass." 2065
Nobility in a.-Alexander. 5095
Self-conquest by a. -Mahomet. 6077
See PLEDGE.
Temperance p.-FatherMath'w^48ia
Infamously broken-Proctor. 8817
Sacred p.-Erabalmed b. 1408
See INTEMPERANCE in loc.
TEMVVAUH.
Cross-reference.
Origin of t.-Monks- Jerusalem. 1625
See KNIGHTHOOD.
Ceremony of K.-Chlvalry. ♦SOSe
See KNIGHTS.
Origin of Order of K. of St. John.817
See CHIVALRY in loc.
TEmPLE.
Furniture of Jewish t. ♦SSBS
Cross-reference.
Protected by miracle. 8621
TEMPTATION.
Dlsmlssed-Martyr Hooper. ♦5566
Intentional-Samuel Johnson. ♦5567
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Avolded-Groves of Daphne. 6106
Courting t.-Brlbery of Demosth.672
Depressed by t.-Bunyan. 4753
Enticement of vicious women. 8243
Eyes-t. avoided-Monks. 403
Oppressed by t.-J. Bunyan. 569
Overcome, Revenge-J. Nelson. 4033
in Sohool-life-Wllberforce. 5036
by Spy, Infamous t. 6321
Superior to t.-Virtuous Belisar's.786
TEmPTATIONS.
Morbid t.-John Bunyan. ^5668
3243
Miscellaneous cross-reference.
Enticement of t.-Vice.
See DEVIL in he.
TENANTS.
Regard for t.-J. Howard. ♦5671
•80
Cross-reference.
Regard for t.-John Howard.
TENDERNESS.
with Courage-Garibaldi. ♦5569
" Resoluteness-Cromwell. ^5570
MlBCellaneous cross-references.
of Bereavement punished. 1352
Lack of t.-Mary Stuart. 6041
See SYMPATHY in loc.
TERROR.
vs. Ilapplness-Damooles.
Reign of t.-Franoe.
*557a
♦5573
Miscellaneous cross-references,
of Assassins-Emp. Augustus. 3891
" Conscience-Constans. 1108
-Benj. Abbott. 1109
" " -Nero. 1110
" " -Theodorio. 1115
by Earthquake-London. 1087
Government by t.-Henry VIII. 1346
Needless t. of superstition. 3908
by Storm-London. 6345
TEST,
for Office, Religious t.
♦6674
Miscellaneous cross-references
Benevolence a t. of religion,
of Bigotry In benevolence.
" Confidence-Alexander.
" Demonized damsel.
" Parental affection-Maurice.
Religious t. for civil office.
See EXPERIMENT and TRIAL
in loc.
TESTIMONY.
Christian t.-John Bunyan.
Imaginative t.-Columbus.
Trial of t.-Middle Ages.
560
528
1048
1567
1348
3841
♦6575
♦6576
♦5577
Miscellaneous cross-references.
In Death-Montrose. 1448
Disreputable t.-Tltus Oates. 4213
by Torture-England. 5651
See TRADITION.
Worthless t.- Cromwell. ♦5667
Supreme faith In t.-Jews.
2036
See WITNESS.
Abuse of w., Jeffreys'.
♦6031
False w.-DIck Talbot.
♦6032
" " -Titus Oates.
♦6033
of the Spirlt-J. Wesley.
♦6084
Discreditable w.-Trlal of B. 540
False w.. Confusion of. 2193
Murder of w. by Calllas. 2871
Shameless ingrate w.-Burton. 2850
See WITNESSING.
for Christ-Early Christians. ♦6035
See EVIDENCE in loc.
THANKS.
Expressed-Samuel Johnson.
♦55'"8
1257
Cross-reference.
Refused, Customary t.-PoIk.
THANKSOIVING.
Duty of t. -Neglected. ^5579
Threefold-Thales. ♦SSSO
for Victory-Spanish Armada. ♦5581
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Heartless t. for food. 924
Parental t.-Esoape from b'm'ng.812
Psalm of t.-Victory of Dunbar. 5881
See GRATITUDE and PRAISE
in loc,
THEATRE.
Corrnpted-Engllsh t. *5582
Dangers of t.-S. Johnson. ♦5583
•5578
♦5573
ecu.
B. 8891
1108
. 1109
1110
1115
1087
III. 1346
3908
5346
*6674
CC9.
550
528
1048
1567
oe. 1343
3841
RIAL
*6575
♦5576
♦5577
1448
4213
5651
♦56C7
8036
♦6031
♦6033
♦6033
♦6034
540
2193
2871
pn. 2850
♦6035
♦55"8
1287
THEATHICALS— TITLE.
U4{>
♦5588
♦5683
LicentlouBness and t.
Opposition to t.-Ur. Dawson.
" " " piinUbed.
Restored-EnR. Restoration,
and Sensuality-Roman t.
Vloloua t.-£DgllBh.
♦5584
♦S.'iSS
♦5,WU
♦.'i587
•53H8
*5689
♦5590
MlBcellaneoiia cross-rufercr.cea.
Degenerated-ItellKlous origin. 43
Immoral and destrustlve-R. 1U3
Pleasure In t. 341
Political power of t. I53(i
Shameful exblbltlons. 45:i3
THEATRICALS.
la ChurolieH-uibllcal. *5r)!»l
Condemned by Solon. ♦S.Wa
Miscellaneous "roaB-referencon.
Impressive rellKluus t.-Mllton. 195
Preparation for t.-Colosseum. 681
Sie FARCE.
Victim of pirates' f. 11(4
See IJKA.MA inU_.
'I'HEFT.
Adroit t.-Gyllppus.
Cautious t.-8partans.
Educated for t.-Spartans.
Punishment for t. -Prince.
♦5693
*5rm
*.559,5
*559()
Mlscellaneoua cross-references.
Accusation of t.-Mallclous. 1081
Arguments to defend t.-J. 298
Brotlierly t. of marriage agr'm't.iaa
of Crown of England. 1327
no Disgrace among Scots. 1300
Ownership by unconvicted t. 2874
Punishment by "barrel." 1647
School of t.-" Devil's acre." 1293
Supposititious t. -Stoics' theory. 1294
Training In t. -London. 1291
See ROBBERS and THIEVES
in loc.
THEOCRACY.
American t.-Jews-Purltans. *5597
THEOLOGY.
DIfHcultles In t.-lnfinlte Delty.*5598
Efifects of t.-Cromwell. *5,599
Philosopher's t.-Anaxagoras. *5000
" -Plato. *.5601
" -Stoics. ♦5(i02
Ridiculous t. -Egyptian. *5603
Miscellaneous cross-reft-renccs.
Character moulded by t.-C."s. 773
Imagination In t.-Onostics. .'5100
Maintained by law. 4T'-J9
Subtleties In t. vs. Person of C. 826
THEORETICAL.
vs. Practical- Webster vs.Clay.*.')004
See IDEAL in lie.
THEORY.
Miscellaneous cruss-refurences.
False t -Aristotle. C015
vs. Practice-Philosophy. 4.370
" " -Seneca. 4657
Sec IDEAL in loc.
THIEVES.
Protection by law-England. *500.")
THIRST.
Cross reference.
VS. Royalty-Choice.
5952
THOVOHT.
Conditioned by respiration. ♦5606
Flexll)lllty of t.-Jullan. ♦5(H)7
Food for t.-Observatlou. *:mOH
Suggosted-Robert Peel. ♦5(X)9
Miscellaneous cros+ritfcrenccs.
Carefulness In t.-S. Johnson. 708
Co-operative t., luvcrjtor's. 2!WT
Development of t.-(Jravltatlon 2!Jyu
Develops t., Invention. 2975
Growth of t. invention. 2981
Seed-thought of telegraphy. 2iW'.)
Walking Qulekeii.st -Nap. I. l.')75
See I.N'TELLKiKNC'E in loc.
THOUGHTS.
Serious I. -8. Joliiisuii.
See MEDITATION.
Peculiar m. of Swedenborg.
Asneth'al m. of monks.
God reveu'ed In m.-(i. Fox.
Life of m. -Isaac Newton.
Preparation for usefulness by
Religious m. -Samuel Johnson
" " needful.
Reveals real life.
Sabbath m.-John Fitch.
See MEMORY.
Blunders of m.-Goldsmlth.
Excellent m.-S. Johnson.
Extraordinary m. -Poet Shell'y
" -William III.
Marvellous m.-Napoleon I.
Patriotic ra.-A Lincoln.
Trained m.-A. Lincoln.
♦.lOlO
♦.'iS.'iJ
3,'J7
1714
1104
ni. 81
1700
4707
1760
871
♦a')7n
♦3571
♦3572
♦;K73
*3,')7.'>
♦3570
In Age-Cato. 128
of Bereavement-Wordsworth. 560
Improved m. of naraes-J'hnson.3778
of Naraes-Themlstooles.
Pleasing m. of mother.
Unappreclated-Themistocles.
See REFLECTION.
Corrected by r.-S. Johnson.
Death-bed r., Wolsey's.
Delicate r. -Irish.
4315
2103
2190
♦4043
*4(;44
♦4045
Change of feeling by r. 2IU9
Sec REFLECTIONS.
Melancholy r.-Antony. *4C1G
See REMEMBRANCE.
Painful r. revived. 2G45
Sec REMINISCENCE.
Frequent r.-A. Lincoln. *3078
See IMAGINATION and INTELLI-
GENCK in loc.
THOUGHTFULNESS.
(.'rtiss rcrLTCiice.
Youthful t.-I.-aae Newton. 0197
See TIlOrOHTS in loc.
THREAT.
Cross- reference.
for Threat-Ethan Allen. 1967
THREATS.
Governmental t.-Wolsey. ♦.'iOU
Rldiculed-Napoleon I. 5612
Mlacellaneous cross-references,
vs. Conclllatlon-Cajsar. 1033
Humiliating t.Tlmour's. 1143
Ill-timed t. of James II. 3855
Indignation at t.-Patrlots. 2795
Ridiculed by Alarlo. 1145
Unexecuted-Bajazet Gout. Oil
THROVE.
CrosM-rt'tVretice,
by Brlbery-Eniperor Chas. V. 068
Magnificent golden t. -Persia. 9.VJ
THUNDER.
Mlscelhiruous cross-ref^Tences.
Affection produced by t. ]()7
Charm for t. -"Onions, hair, p." 782
Kollglous alarm from t. 160
TIIVE.
Changes by t.-S. Johnson.
Detention of t. desired-Nap.
Estimate of t.-Napoleon I.
Investment of t.-Napoleon I.
Purchase of t., Valuable.
Saved-Washlngton.
Systematlzed-Petronlus.
*!56i;j
♦,5I!I4
*5(;i5
•5UI6
♦5017
♦.Mil 8
♦5019
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Changes of t.-J. Adams to Eng. 274
Haste of t. desired-Napoleon. 3818
Lo8t-73 Days In calendar. 0176
■' by caution. 3429
Methodically used by Wesley. .3.^)97
Misspent by "Pillar Saints." 5013
Unchanged by t.-Art In Egypt. 342
Value of t.-Napoleon. 1665
Valued by Cromwell. 1800
Sec CALENDAR.
Corrected by Julius Cajsar. ♦096
" " Roger Bacon. *C97
See NEW YEAR.
Reflections, N. Y -Johnson
TIITIKS.
Unfavorable t.-lHtli century.
1396
♦5620
Miscellaneous cross-referencea.
Deteriorated-Croaking. 1315
Disparaged-Croaking. 1310
Favorable for the Advent. 78
Unpropltlous t -Van Buren's Ad. 61
See AGE in loc.
TIIUIDITY.
In Government-Constantine. ♦5681
See FEA R in loc.
TITHES.
Miscellaneous cross-rcfcrenceB.
Enforced collection of t.-Eng. 808
Voluntary t. of Saxons. 884
TITLE.
Authorized-Temugin. *.5ti23
Indifference to t -Napoleon I. ♦5623
Nomii'al t. -France in Am. ♦5624
Papal t.-.\frlca to Portuguese. ♦5635
Pompous t. -Romans. ♦5628
Sale of t.-James II. *56a9
Significant t.-State. ♦5630
Strange t.-Army. ♦.'5031
.Superfluous t.-Wllliam Pitt. ♦5633
by Sword-Scottish barons. ♦Ses?
Terrible t.-"Scourge of God." ♦5626
Undeserved t. -Degrees. *h&Vi
J46
TOAST— TKEACHEKY.
nil'
Mlsoelluiienuii cross-reforfiiccs.
Boastful-" Lord of the seven c.":w4
Demandod by Cromwell. sjiva
Kar-fetched t.-Cortez. li~(;
Necessary- Washlngton-Uowe. 16H0
Only a t.-KliiK of Jerusalem. 1077
by I'roduotlon-Property. 4518
" I'ossesslon-Property. 4511)
Uldloulous t-Pupal bull. 8287
by Sword of Mars-AttUa. 5370
Vanity inflated by t.-Meuecrutes.618
See HONOIIS in Inc.
TOAST.
t'rojsrefi'rcnce.
U»bltual-"Ood bPss Gen. Wash."55
TOBACCO.
Opposed by James I.
*5634
Miscellaneous ciossreferencts.
Knthuslasm for t.-Va. 4489
Ministers pa.d in t.-Ya. 3010
Wives for t.-Jamestown, Va. OftSO
secured with t.-Va. 3452
TOIIi. ,
Contentment In t.-Abd'l'nym's.*50.35
Kewards of t. -Cyrus. *5030
See LABOR in Inc.
TOLERANCE.
Impracticable, KellKious.
TO ITERATION.
Apostle of t.-Roger Williams.
Comraonded by Cromwell.
Condemned by Puritans.
Edlut of t.-Flrst In France.
Forgotten by Puritans.
Partiality In t. -Cromwell
I'opular t. -Cromwell.
Remarkable t. -Tamerlane.
•5t«7
*.5e38
•5039
♦5040
♦5041
♦5042
♦5043
♦.5044
♦5045
Ml.icellaneous crosa-references.
Defended by Cromwell. 1103
by Indifference, Kellglous t. 4099
TOItlB.
of Pleasure-seeker-Sardanap. ♦5040
Cross-reference.
Character expressed in t.
1905
tojubs.
Empty t.-Pyramlds.
♦5047
See BURIAL m toe.
TOOLS.
Croas-rclVrencf.
<^tO'^d t., Importance of.
1551
TORMENT.
Croas-reference.
dinner's t -Bunyan.
5106
See SUFFERING in loc.
TORTURE.
of Criminals la France.
♦5048
Punishment by t.-Boot.
♦5649
Terrible t.-Garibaldi.
♦5650
Testimony by t.-J. Howard.
♦5651
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Barbarous t. by Indians. 3508
of Captives by Thurlngians. 1334
Confessions by t.-Intiulsltion. 9877
Defiant of t.-Marlyrs.
3608
8603
4506
8450
U(M8
1426
3609
4113
4171
2098
1330
1308
4133
Deserved by Titus Dates.
Devices of t.-Kugllsh barons
by Exucutiouers-l'arysutlH.
Fortitude In t.-Am. Indians,
of Martyrs l)y Nero.
Arlans.
Medical t.-Death of Chas. II.
Overcome by religion,
by Persecutors-to Irish P.
of Priso.iers-Buried to neck.
Prolonged t. of martyrs.
Testimony by t.-Moxlcun Emp. 714
See CRUKLTY in loc.
TOURISTS.
Cro.sK-i.'ference.
Irrepressible t. -American. 2059
TOURNAmENT.
MIscollanediis cross-references,
of Chivalry-Edward I.
Splendid t. by Henry II. of P.
TRACT.
Cross-reference,
Power of religious t.
TRACTS.
Effective religious t.-Coke.
815
88
6052
♦5058
Cross-reference.
Punishment for dls8'mlnatlngt.l842
TRADE.
Contempt for t.-S. Johnson.
Illicit t.-Amerlcan Colonies.
Inhuman t. -Slave-trade.
Laws for t.. Sumptuary.
Over-reaching in t.-Egyptlans,
Regulated-Fixed prices.
" -Emperor Julian.
" -England.
Tricks of t.-England.
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Competition In t. -Denied.
♦5653
♦5654
♦5655
♦6650
♦5657
♦50,58
♦5059
♦5060
♦5661
3689
" ' 3692
8693
Conscience in t.-Petor Cooper. 3694
Degraded by t., Empress. 1583
Honesty in t., Laws for. 8817
Profits in t., Great-Firm _o. 3987
See MERCHANT in loc.
TRADES.
Cross-reference,
Hereditary t.-India. 3557
See EMI'LOYMENT in loc.
TRADES«lJNTON.
Miscellaneous cross-references,
Objection to t-u. -Caste. ♦S662
Opposition of t.-u.-Jame8Watt.^5663
Oppressive t.-u. -James Watt. ♦5664
Prohlbited-England. ♦6665
♦5666
TRADITION.
Worthless t.-Cromwell. •5667
Cross-reference.
Supreme faith in t.-Jews. 8036
TRAINING.
for Greatness-Alexander. ♦5668
Lack of military t. ♦6669
Lasting effect- Waiter Scott. ♦8670
by Obedience of Spartans. ♦6671
Physical t. of Romans. ♦.5672
Success without t.-Wm. P.of 0.^5673
Mlscollaneoui croMt-referenccs.
for Manhood-Tbemiatooles.
Military t., Importance of,
Hisappiied-Qalllenus.
Suocess without special t.
of Voice by Demosthenes.
Bee DISCII'LINK in loo.
680
1081
1880
180
5863
TRAITOR.
Polltloal t.-Mr. Huske. *6e74
Punished by mother. ♦607S
Shameless t.-Sunderland, ♦5676
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Indignation toward t.-Am. I{ev.379S
Infamy of t.-Name changed, 3764
for Revenge-Corlolanus. 0101
See TREACHERY in loc.
TRAMPS.
Philosophic t.-Cynlcg. ♦5677
See IDLENESS in loc.
TRANCE.
Continnous-Swedenborg. ♦6678
TRANCES.
Punished for t.-Eliz. Barton. ♦5679
TRANSFORMATION.
Cross-reference.
of Society-"Fountalnof Youth."2ia
TRAVEL.
Benefits of t. -Crusaders.
Dangers of t.~8wedenborg.
Difficulties of t.-England.
Effects of t. -Emulation.
Expedlted-Romans.
" -Stage-ooaoh.
Indifference to t.-Antoninus.
Objects in t.-to see Men.
Slow t.-Stage-coach.
Suppression of t.-Coaches.
♦5680
♦,5681
♦5682
♦5683
♦5084
♦6085
♦5080
♦5087
♦5688
♦5689
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Benefits of t.-Luther to Rome. 51
Difficulties in t.-Old England. 4921
Health by t.-Wash. Irving, 2581
Heedlessness in t. -Goldsmith, 2540
Honors by t,-Anglo-Saxon. 720
Impeded by bad roads. 982
Need of t. for education. 240
in Old Age-J. Wesley. 138
Outfit for t., Improvident. 2476
Pleasure of t.-Good inns. 8876
by Water-Uncivilized mode, 988
in Wilderness-Washington. 70
See JOURNEY in loc.
TREACHERY.
Base t.-Phillp VI. *6690
Consummate t.-Charles II. *5691
Gold for t.-Benedict Arnold. ♦5692
Message of t. -Emp. Alexander.^5ti93
MlscellaneouB cross-referencei.
Conquest by t.-Sextus over G. 42
in Court-Criminal. 5833
Diplomatic t. -English. Ii52
^K
TREASON— TRUTH.
947
•6670
♦6671
♦5072
0.*5«T3
685
1081
1890
180
6868
♦8674
♦6675
♦6676
♦5677
♦5678
♦5680
♦5681
♦5688
♦5683
♦5684
♦5685
♦5686
♦5687
♦5688
♦3689
51
40^1
2581
2646
720
983
240
138
2476
2876
988
76
♦5690
♦5691
♦5692
)r.^5693
43
5833
i:52
Di8ffui8ed-Ctusar'H uMasslns.
-Frlondshlp.
of Friend-Brutua V8. Ciesur.
" " -Francis Bacon.
Friendships t.-DIck Talbot.
IiifamoUH t.-Am. Revolution.
"-Pauganlas.
Ini;rate'8 t.-Biiiton.
MaHsacre by t.
Niitiunal t. -England to France,
Office by t.-Eteocles.
Offluliil t. to Columbus.
Proof against t.-Belliarlus.
-Patriot.
Proposal of t. rebuked.
Proverbial- ' Word of a king."
Shameful t.-Agathocle».
Thwarted by exposure,
r uplre's t. -Edward I
Sse AI'OSTASY.
Open 11. of Komanu.s.
Primitive a. by persecution.
1478
8243
2852
2857
3202
11 :W
3724
2H50
3520
. U8(!
3884
8900
2138
4068
4075
2041
1538
3518
6740
♦261
*252
1930
4116
2T74
a.920
1471
3177
13.-)9
♦253
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Atrocious crime of t.
* Pretext for extortion,
by Resentment-BourboL.
" " -C. Marcius.
Tarnished by t.-B. Arnold.
See DISLOYALTY in loc.
TREASURE.
Hope a t.-Alexander.
Discreditable a.-Protestant.
Encouraged by law-Maryland.
Explalned-Inconslstency.
Reaction of forced converts to
Required of officer.
Sec APOSTATK.
Honored unwisely,
saameful a. -Justus.
See AI'OSTATKS.
Forgiven by primitive C.
Malice of a.-Knlghts Templars. 1939
-Julian's. 2549
See BETRAYAL.
Unintentional b.-Mlsslonary. a381
TREASON.
Cry of t.-Patrlok Henry.
Defliied-England.
Incipient t.-War ox 1812.
Punishment of t.-Roman8.
Retri'outlon of t.-Romans.
♦5694
♦5695
♦5696
♦5697
♦5698
4576
20O7
4109
6101
2569
♦3699
TREASURER.
Croas-referciice.
Complaints rebuked-Arlstldes. 4374
TREASURES.
MUcellaneous cross-references.
Affectlon's-Mement'esof m'th'r.lll
Children the poor man's t. 119
Enduring t. In fine arts-Nap. 349
TREATS.
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Election t. -Costly-England. 1839
?xacted-EngU8h prisons. 5804
Prisoner's t.-Bridewell. 1302
Temptation In t.-Bullders. 2933
TREATY.
an Observed t -Wm. P. and I. ^5700
CroM-referenee.
Obsourlty desired In t.-Nap. 8860
TREE.
Dellvering-Lou4H VII. ^5701
C'rossre(eron«e.
Famous t.-t'harter-oak. 1882
See KUKK.ST.
Attractions of the f.-S. Houaton.905
Charm of the f.-ilome. 3288
Life lu the f. -Audubon. 3106
Protection of f.-Manufacturers.2165
TRESPASS.
I'rossri'fi'rencc.
Revenge for t., Severe. 3057
See UKFENfE in loc.
TRIAL.
Abandoned -S.-Afrlcanus. *.')702
by Combat- Assize of J'r'8'lem.*5;o;j
Fellowship in t.-Napoleon. ♦.•jr07
Improvement under-Llnooln. *370H
by Ordeal-Flre. ♦r>704
Right of t. disregarded. ♦5705
Severe t.-John Bunyan. ♦5700
Miscellaneous cross-references.
of Affection-Bereavement. 4811
Attorney, Accused his own. 3203
by Combat-Gauls. 3051
of the Dead for heresy-IIunne. tu-i
Defence unheard Int. .'K)T1
-Unpopular-Attorney. ;W(il
Equity In t.-Arlstldes. .m'iS
Explained-" Win his spurs." 1560
Faith tested by t.-MUller. 20;i7
Hastened -Injustice. .3051
Impartiality In t.-Alexander. 3064
InJustlce-Trlal of Bateman. 540
Mockery of t.-Cranmer. 3065
" "-Nlclas. »)70
" " "-William Penn. 'Mii
Outrageous t.-Rumbold. 1246
Protracted t. for 20s.-H'mpden 3139
[ Sham t.-Fr. Rev. tribunal. .'>r39
t Unjust t.-Inqulsltors. 2877
i See COURT and TEST in lot-.
TRIALS.
Miscellaneous eross-refereiici's.
of Chlldhood-Cowper p'rs'cuted.796
Inventor's t.-John Fitch. 2990
Manhood evinced by t. 3410
Omitted, HastUy-Sylla. 3820
Three remarkable t.-Wm. Hone.3203
See ADVERSITY and HARDSIIirs
in loc.
TRIBUTE.
of Frlendshlp-Melanchthon's.
Scorned-U. S. to France.
Shameful t. to pirates.
In Women-Tartars.
TRICKS.
Cross reference.
In Trade-England. 6661
See IMI'OSTOU ill loc
TRIFLES.
Effect oft. Battle ♦5718
Power of t.-Soclal life. ♦S'le
Miscellaneous cross-referencel.
Contentment with t. -Men. 1160
Contests from t.-Htamp Act. 608
-Roman Rev. 607
Discussion of t.. Useless. 1800
Importance of seeming t. l.^Ol
Magnified In government. 24.19
Preserved by t. -Spider's web. 2377
TRiraiTIER.
Political t.- Halifax. ♦5717
SeeCONSEKVATl.sM in loc.
I TRIUITIPH.
Fleeting t.-Napoleon.
Honors of t.-Pompey.
♦5709
♦5710
♦5711
♦5712
♦.')718
•5719
Miscellaneous cross-references.
over Death-Wolfe. *145«
Joyful t. -Washington's J'urney. 2099
Joys of t. unappreciated Niip 272
Procession of t.-Uellsarlus. 3292
See COXCJl'EST anil VICTORY
in loc.
TKOPIIV.
Cross- refLTence.
i Valueless-Santa Anna's wooden 1.68
TRUCE.
the Holy t.-Mohanimedan. ♦5720
Cross-references.
In Children of Tartars to Huns. 813
Welcome to t.-" Ditch." 4444
in Women-Chinese t. to Huns. 5712
Sec TAX in loc.
TRICK.
Mlscarrled-Persian t.
♦3713
Cross-reference.
Oratorical t. of Edmund Burke. 49
Cross-reference.
I of God In France. 4099
TRUST.
I Miscellaneous cross-references.
! In Provldence-Wm. P. of O. 4.5.')8
" -A. Lincoln. 4.'>59
; See FAITH in loc.
\ TRUTH.
i Boldne.s8 In t.-J. Howard. ^5721
i vs. Falsehood-S. Johnson. ♦5722
" Flotlon-James II. ♦5728
I Honored-Frederick II. ^5724
I Liberty by the t.-Luther. ♦5725
Moral t. from within. ♦5729
Outraged by Inquisition. ♦5727
' Perilous t.-Romans. ^5728
Perversion of t.-Habit. ^5729
Power of t.-Speculative. ♦5730
Vitality of t.-Politloal. ♦573!
Miscellaneous crose-references.
Antagonism of t. 4827
Carelessness-Falsehood. 2043
Conquests of t. by agitation. 146
Conscience for t.-Authorshlp. 1249
Demanded in sickness. 1429
Fidelity to t.-Eng. martyrs. 1238
Figurative t.-Luther'.i son. 2548
vs. Patriotism-Scots. 4076
Power of t.-Clarkson. 4652
Sacrifice for the t.-Pather. 1348
Self-devotion to the t. 1246
Standards vary. 1126
n
If
048
HI riot reKiiril for t. 8873
Hucutmnfiil in uonfilot. il.in
Supports Itself without oratory. HIKM
WeakvDod by JtiHtliit;. 8000
Set- VKIIACITV.
Qufl8tlon«(l-FulHt) InfurorK!!'. .'11»17
Hoputatlou for v. Jauiei 11. iri).")
THl/rilS.
Preparatory t. liivoiitloim. *578a
Uniertaln t.-Soplilsln ♦5738
TVinOR.
(.'roH-i-rcfiTiMicc.
Baored t.-Mahom«t'H. 1378
TYRANIVV.
Cruelty of t.-XorxeH. *r>7ai
Kocleslastlcal I. Catholic. *r)738
Ktnhlem of t. Bastllu. ♦573U
In.turi-tiutlon aKaliist t.-P. ♦.')787
LeKlsltttlve t. -I.on(? Paririn'rit.*57;W
of Uborty-Kronuh Rovolutlou.^.WSO
" -Hev. Tribunal. *r)7IO
Parental t.-Frederlok Win. I. *6711
Kecompense for t.-Franco. *574a
Self-destruutlve t.-Romans. *5748
Shameful t.-8panlards. *5744
Terrible t.-Glldo. *5745
MiscellaneniiB cross-references.
In Amusement-Spaniards. r)744
of Caste, Social t. ;U9l
Displaced by t.-Vlrglnla. am
Bcclesiastloal t.-Exc'mm'nlc'n. 4944
Exasperated by t.-Siclllans. i;mo
in Ezcommi 1 1 cation. 4944
Household t. uf elder brother, 23:11
038
LeRl.slatlve t.-B. Parliament. 3154
Non-resistance to t. 8824
Oppression of t. -Hope-Crime. 3234
Reaction aKaliist t.-Ruflnus. 427
Resented-New En«. Colonies. 990
vrapiRE.
DauKerous-Bdward I. •5746
riVAIVIITIITY.
In WronK-doiu);-Am. Colonies. ^5747
MisceilarieoTis cross-refL'rencea.
Evidence of collusion. 1282
Political u. -Wash. -Every vote. 1840
See AGREEMKNT in luc.
VNBEIilKF.
by Intercourse-Christians.
" Perll-Relgn of James II.
Primitive u.-Christlan.
Vicious u. -Samuel Johnson.
♦5749
♦5750
♦5751
•5748
Miscellaneous crosa-roferences.
VS. Faith-Contrasted. 2229
" Fanaticism. 2083
See IXCREDULITT.
of Prlends-Mahomet's family. 6201
Popular 1. -Robert Fulton. 2300
See DOUBT and INFIDELITY
ill toe.
VNBEIilKVERS.
Croas-reference.
Silenced by success. 230G
See INFIDELM'Y inloc.
TltUTHH-VALUES.
DNCLK.
Cruelty of u. Richard lit. 8742
VNPOHTITNATB (Thk).
CruMM rrlVrrni-e.
IlanlRhm(!nt fur the u. 9218
(JNION.
by Interooursu, clirlsllan u. ♦5749
" Peril, National i). ♦5750
Primitive ChrlHilaii u. *!>7t)\
297
2227
3191
114C
3.525
2144
Mlscnllaneoiil cross-rcrereiices
In liattle-Rllnd Johii-Crccy.
" -Locked Bhl.O.lH.
by Commonwealih of nations.
DanKerouH u.-Vlrc.
or Death -AlnerU'iin Colonies.
in Distress \Vorslil|).
with Diversity-Di'd'tlan and M. 2402
Eiicourasement by ii.-I'ilKrlnis.li>27
False u. with wife. 3431
Federal u.-()rl({in of Am. 32311
Imperfect of U.-13 States. 1987
Incongruous u. -Marriage. 3490
by lnleror)urso r. States. 5888
of Love "Two souls one body. "3339
National u. diffleult-Irlsh and B 727
Necessary u. of patriots. 2510
by Oppression of rulers. 322U
Peril brlnfts u. -Invasion. 4000
Promoted by assemblies. 2278
Unite or flKht-EnR. vs. Holland. 979
See COM.MrMON.
with God-OIIver Cromwell. *995
by Llkeness-Jdhn Milton. ^990
Unity by c. Oliver Cromwell. ^997
See AOKEEMKNT. ALLIANCE
and IlKOTIIEKHOOD
in lor.
UNITY.
Mlacolliineiin:* cniss-referencea.
by Assoeiiition-Kox-Cromweli. .5749
" Intercourse- Europe. 1302
-United States. 2957
National-Founders of Rome. 3785
See ALLIANCE in loc.
VNRVLINESS.
Childish u.-Fredeiick II. •5752
See INDEPENDENCE inloc.
lINSEIiFISHNESS.
('rcisa-refiTi'Mce.
Heroic u. -Wounded Nelson. 25»18
See (iENEUOSlTY inloc.
f) IV WORTH I NESS.
Oppressed by sense of u.-B. ^5753
('roK.sreferencc.
Sense of sinner's u.
VSACiE.
not Law-Ecclesiasllcal.
See CUSTOM in toe.
USE.
or Abuse of money.
USEFULNESS.
Survival of u. -Monks.
1088
♦.57.54
♦6755
♦5750
Cross-reference.
Rewarded by dinner. 2393
See EMPLOYMENT and SERVICES
in loc.
UNIfRPATION.
<'rii»i( relercnco.
VS. Usurpatiriu-Cromwell. 1308
USURY.
Inevitable-Rome. •S'B?
Law of u. -Romans. *B7S8
" " "-l-ueullu«. •S750
Laws against u. in England. *370O
UTILITY.
vs. Beauty-W. Scott. ♦5701
CroHH- reference.
Value by u.-llag vs. I'earls. 2728
See USE in Inc.
VACATION.
Cnms- reference.
Prolonged v. reHcnltMi U. II. in (J. 9
See HECHE ATIDN in loc.
VACOIIVATION.
Discovery of v.- Jenner. •.^"Oa
VACILLATION.
dross-reference.
Political v.-"Bol)bing John." 75!)
See INDECISION,
of Timidity-Conspirators. •2778
in Wrong-doing-James II. •2779
See FICKLENE.SS.
of Affection-Countess of C. 109
-D. Crockett. 34;W
Characterlstlo f.-Queen C. 3928
Lover's f.-Robert Burns. 3354
VAGABOND.
Cross-reference.
False aonusation-C. Wesley. 702
See IJEOOAR in loc.
VAGRANTS.
Imposition of v. -England. ♦576.^
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Branded-English beggars. 503
I^rofesslonal v. In Bavaria. 503
See BEGOAR in toe.
VALOR.
Military v.-Derar the Saracen. ♦5704
Mutual v.-Ancient Germans. ♦5705
Proof of v.-Tlconderoga. ♦5700
Spur to V. -Reputation. ♦5707
Wonderful v.-Constantlne. ^5708
Miscellaneous croaa-referencea.
Badge of v.-Wounds.
It 14 II (I
Banner rescued by v. at Cadiz.
Discretion better than v -C. V.
See COURAfiE i» loo.
VALUE.
Change In v. -New York. "
" " "-T. purple.
0172
0171
0.-)I
ll«T
•5V09
♦5770
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Depreciated v. -Clipped coin. 964
Fictitious v.-Mlssissippi Bch'me.5286
by Scarcity-Iron. 2999
VALUES.
Conventlonal-Wes-t Indians. .5771
See WORTH.
Moral w. -Louis IX.
Eminence by w -H. Wilson.
Work brings w.-Oxen.
♦017O
1868
6154
ras
T5»
TOa
5oa
VANDAIilSim.
Ml«cclluin'ou.>* rroHfl-ri'fercucc'B.
of Bef{t{ar8'KiiKlitU(l. (M)3
•Clerloal v. (if Theodoslus. 508
OepruTHtl V. of Nero. 3ii9
Fanatical v. of Puritans. 330
VANITY.
KxcesHlvu v.-Ulouletlau. *577S
Folly of v.-Madman. *5773
FoollBb v.-KerKU8()ii. *W7J
with Oreiitntins t^ueen KHz. '5775
Uobukud-" KIrie Coat." ♦S770
" -UolilHiiilth'H V. ♦;j777
" -ArtuxerxcH' v. ♦.'iTTM
" -MeiiDcrates' v. *577!(
KIdlculoUH v.-.Monumentul. *r)7H0
Victim of V. -Alexander. '5781
MIfoellaiioous cronn-rcfcrcnccs.
of Ambltlou-(}raiit-Alfonso. S881
Architectural v.-Pyramlds. ■j:tt),'>
5047
In Denivolence-Johnson. Siil
CU •. leal V. In erectlni? St. Sophla.KMi
Covered with rates. 5077
of Earthly possession. a.S70
Flatterod-Charles I. by Finch. 00
Hindrance of v.-John Adams. ;W1M
UomaKO to v. of Greek emperors.. v.*
" ■' " " Diocletian. ao
of Honors-queen Mary. 2019
" Lifc-Captlye klnK. Saod
In nid AKe-C'onstantlne. !>77'i
-Queen Elizabeth. 5775
Perilous V. -Emperor Julian. ■307K
of Populariiy-i;romwoll. 43«'l
Prevents succcss-Tlmotheus. SS13
Rebuked-Bucklnftham's. SWH
" -Demaratus. 3903
Sensitive v.-Voltatre's. 2155
"Victimized by Pompey. 5
See BOMBAST.
Rebuked-" Jupiter " M. *618
Ridiculous b. of James 11. *C19
See CONCEIT, EGOTISM and
TRIDE in he.
VASSAIiAGE.
Humiliating v. of Charles II. ♦5782
See .SLAVERY in loc.
VEGETARIAN.
Trials of v.-Ultson. ♦5783
.Miscellaneous cross-references.
Health sought by v.-Howard. 1576
Successful v.-B. Franklin. 3095
VEGETARIANS.
Miscc'Muneoiis cross-references.
by Necessity-English. 2181
Religious v.-Au8tere PrisclU'lsts 401
" -Persians. 1001
VENGEINCE.
Cry for v.-Mary Stuart. ♦5784
" " "-Murderers. -,5785
Demanded-Sextus. ♦5780
Diabolical v. -J. W. Booth. ^5787
Foolish v.-James II. ♦.5788
of God, Appeal to the v. ^5789
Maternal v. of Hannah Dustln.^5790
Merciless v. of James II. ♦5791
VANI)AL18M-VICE8.
Monument for v.- Athenian*. •870iJ
Passionate v. -Berkeley. •5798
for Vengeance " UoHes." *57(M
MI«cell»neoii« urcjunreftreiiCiK.
on Adulterer-Pope John Xll. 00
Appeal to v. Cwsar's robe. 1975
or Atoneniout-Am. Indian. 4818
Contemptible v. of James I. ;«W8
Cruel V. of Parysuils. ooiM
Eagerness for v. on Ciesar's ni. ;17-J
Exquisite cruel v. -Basil. i;il2
Ferocious fenuile v. Hind. WM
of (;overninent on rebds. 4t):K)
Husband's v. on seducer. .W3
Personal v. Havage Ualllenus. 1370
Posthunious V. on .i (iorpse. 'jrm
•'••otext for V Mary Stuart. 007.1
r Rape, Oath of V. 57m«
Remembrance of v. Darius. 290|
Hacrlflco to v.-Htruffordchas.i. kW
Swift V. for Insult to betrothed. '^M)
Terrible v. on eiiemles-SliMly. i;!IO
" "-Tlmour-Bagdad. 1.107
" " " -Siwas. i:\i\H
by Triiacliory to country. oioi
I'lireasoning popular v.-G. -p. p. 19 15
S,.o IIETALIATION and HEVE.\i;K
ill t'IC.
did
*57i)5
rides B.
575'.'
3175
3470
3234
913
VENTURE.
Ini^truetlve -Flunks.
s™ HASIIXKSS.
Apparent r.-Young Alex.
Childish r.-Frederick II.
in Generalship -Hood.
" Love for woman.
Perilous r.-Boethius.
Provoked to r.-Valens.
See RECKLESSNESS.
of Desperation-Napoleon-Lodl. 048
Example of r.-Napoloon. 017
of Necesslty-WlUlam II. 049
See CHANCE, DANGER and
OAMHLIN(! in loc.
VERACITV.
(.'rohs-ri'ferfticts.
Questloncd-False Inference.
Reputation for v.-James II.
Sec PER.IURV.
Punishment of p., Judicial.
3917
4795
♦4112
Punished with death. 5219
Shameful p.-" Dick " Talbot. 6033
See FALSEHO(Jl) and TRUTH
in Inc.
VERDICT.
Welcome v., Delamere's.
See SENTENCE.
Suspended fifteen years.
See PENALTY.
Excessive p. -Death.
Partisan p. -Devonshire.
Death p. for all-French Rev.
Excessive p.-Debt-England.
VERiniN.
Cross-reference.
in Beard-" Populous "-Julian.
VESPERS.
Cross-reference.
Bloody v.-Malden Insulted-S.
♦5796
1139
♦4101
♦4102
5730
4351
2501
VETO.
Power of v.-Komans.
VICE.
* 'oiK^eaied-Bact^haniiliuns.
I>lsi|uallfled for v. -English.
Patron of v. Henry III.
PlfUHure in v. -Epicureans,
by Keactlon from Puritanism.
Schools of v. Driuking-places
Prisons.
•57»7
♦57HH
♦.5701)
♦.VfOO
♦880 1
♦5802
♦.5803
♦5804
29
MI»cell;iiiec]U» crons-referciieed.
.Miiindoned to v. Army. HOB
AtiM'nce of visible v. 3711
Advitntago of V. Corniption. 2131
In Age-Antonina. 1919
Attni(!tlon of v. Mary Stuart. 1 171
Bondage to v. James II. OOHl
Concealed by vl<^c. 20'.l9
(dncentralldii of v. London. 1*99
Conversion from v. .Ministry. '•!.').'i7
Covered by baptism. 4724
Desperation by v. -Catiline. 1110
De.structlve-Curacalla and (;eta.2:)9
of life. 4917
Deteriorates character. 3112
Disadvantage of v.-(.'olonlsts. 2435
Etulangors the State. 1 1 10
Exposure of v. of M. P. by Croni.410
Eanilly destroyed by v. 4373
I'Viirof v Nuns. 1160
(iilded by gentility. 13349
] (Jovernment sustained by v. 2109
[ (Jreatness l)lemishcd by V. 2181
I In High life-Napoleon. 3213
I " " " -Ponjpadour. 8247
I " " " -Dagobert. 3248
-England. 10,39
1 Honored by v.-Emp. Carlnus. 2629
I " " "-Nero. 4325
in Aspasla. . 1856
Led Into v. -Howard's son. 878
Levels caste-Gamblers. 2207
Life abandoned to v. -Carlnus. 1701
Overlooked by woman. 3712
" Maria Theresa. 4849
shamefully. 3177
Poverty by v.-Eiigland. 4300
Private v. vs. Public virtue 1347
Progression in v.-Commodus. 1.S54
the Itellgion of Pagans. 3974
Restraints of v.-Legislatlon. 2275
Reward of v. -Death. 1292
" " " -Infamous disease. -378
Shameless v. of nobility. 65
State endangered by v.-C. 6193
Undermines civil liberty. 8228
Vice opposing v. 3008
Views of v.. Conduct like. 5748
VICES.
Dl.shonored for v.-Elagabalus.^58»5
Victim of v.-Chas. J. Fox. ♦5806
Miacellaneou.s cross-references.
Abandoned because of v. 3563
Aggregation of v.-London. 768
Beueflctal to the public. 4476
Combination of v. -Cleopatra. 6065
Condoned by generosity-S. 8048
Destroy life. 4017
950
Kiichflwed by (leii. Im), Hmall v.6Wi
KxpoHcil M<imbnrii of I'ar. 4871
Fniedom from v. .Itfftiriion. ft.'lTt
Hiilned by V. raliooltiKtiR. 4074
Sen (lAMIII.KKH.
AfNoclatlnn with it- tlunfferouH. !»t:i
UcbiH of If. honorotl. '.'61 1
" " '-I'recedeiioo III. 1-108
Mi'i- OAMIIMNd.
DeKfiidedbyif.-ChttrleH Fox. ♦IKOS
-Sunderland. •*!«)«
-C()(Te«)-h<)une».*!jai7
Escape from g. -Wllborforce. 'aaflfl
Kuolilonnble g. Folly.
I,oH«e!< by jc.-*llbbon.
I'UHMJnn for K.-Kug. K«ntry.
ITIilt! In K-HlKb life.
Uillnous K.-Ollver GoldHmltb
" '• -EnKlUb Kontry.
Universal K'^CrusaderH.
Vice of K.-Prollflo.
VKTI.M-VIKTUE.
•«70
♦!N71
♦8278
Memorial of ^ -''Sandwich." ♦OHO
Kulnoua K-EdKiir Allan Poe. *01US
Hio FALSEHOOD.
Confirmed In f.-Cbarles I. ♦8041
Governmental f. -Napoleon I. ♦'jni-J
(Jrowth of f. by careleggncsR. ♦aoj.'J
Justified by Jesuits. *nm
' " Hamuel Johnson. ^8045
Diplomacy of Elizabeth.
by LyInK splrlts-Hwedcnborg.
Pious f. of lo}alty.
vs. Truth-Samuel Johnson.
See FLATTERY.
Artful f. -Captive Zenobla.
False f. of Henry Vllt.
FulHome f. of James I.
Irritatbift f.-Fred. the Great.
Kesentod-Alexander.
Rewarded, Excessive f.
l.-iOfl
5311
13-IH
578'J
♦8158
♦8153
♦81 M
♦aiST)
♦amo
♦8157
Deception by f.-Uochoster. 1471
Develops servltude-Komans. ari
Embarrassment by f.-C'aJsar. 8657
fnr Favor- Voltaire. 8H85
Fulsome f. of Cha^. I. by Finch. 00
of lloyalty-Charles I. by Finch. 60
Wealth by f.-Le(?acles. 5071
of Woman's beauty-Elizabeth. 8684
See PROFLIGATE.
Royal p. -Queen of Spain. ♦4490
Clerical p.-Pope John XII. 4305
MarrUse of p. -Byron. 3465
See INTEMPERANCE ami LICEN-
TIOUSNESS in luc.
vicTiin.
Miscellaneous cross-references.
of Adultery-Peredeus. 67
Mistake of V. -Assassin's. 8804
of Rape by soldiers. 6113
vicTims.
Mlscelluneous cross-references.
of Avarlce-Gold-seekers. 3389
-Official. '2403
of GenluN Fredrrlok II.
Huocesslon of v -Napoleon.
('nmH-rt'ference.
End of Uoman v. Goths.
VK1TORY.
Bloodless V. of PIzarro.
Coutlesi r. Roman.
Coitly y.-Coustantius.
Decisive v.-8aratoKu.
by Bnthuslasm-SaratoRa.
Expensive v.-Pyrrhus.
by Fortune-Pompey.
" Generalshtp-Prlncoton.
Genius for v.-Cromwell.
" " " CHBsar.
Honorable- Alexander.
Inexpensive v.-I)unbar.
" '• -Ctesar's.
Inglorlous-CommoduH.
Miraculous v., Apparently.
Moderation In v.-Grant.
Opportunity for v. -Alfred.
Preparation for v. -Napoleon
Presumed v., Pompey's.
Unfortunate v.-Manassas.
Victims of V. -Indians.
*ttm
♦.V«U
4360
♦.WIO
♦5811
♦5818
♦5813
♦.5814
♦6815
♦5816
♦5817
♦.5818
♦5819
♦58ii0
♦5881
♦.')8*J'*
♦58'J3
♦.58'J4
♦.5885
♦58!i6
I.^588r
♦5888
♦5889
♦5830
VICTORIES.
SndanKered-Federal v.
♦5807
Miscellaneous cross referii:ce».
by Accident -Mascezel. 5134
Announcement of v.-Brevlty. 059
" "-Perry. 1989
Anticipated, Defeat. 3367
"Awfu". thinif In the world." .5809
of Christian's faith Vane. 2039
Complete v.-Frederlck II. -R. 477
Costly v.-Death of Ep'mlnondas.468
or Death-Fred at Leuthen. Vim
" " " vs. Austrlans. ri47
" ' Turlk. 4841
Depreciated unless aKtfresslve. 1.50
Determination for v.-noEscape. 1864
" '--Col.M. 650
by Determination- Nelson. 1004
Disappointment wllb v. 1606
Flank movement secures v. 5881
Fool's v.-Drtnklnu most. 8918
Inexpensive v. -Henry IV. -A. 471
Lost by folly. 9.»
a Necessity-Normans. 1988
Peril from y.-Overconfldence. 1014
Period of v.-Engllsh-Ed. III. 1075
Remarkable cuccesslon. 22R5
Unexpected v.-Henry IV. -A. 471
not Utilized by Hannibal. 5400
See CONQUEST and TRIUMPH
lit /of.
VIGIIiANCE.
(JroBS-rcference.
Needful for llh«ity. 3237
See WATCHFULNESS.
Safety by w.-Indlans. ♦sgso
Need of w.-Columbus.
5808
VIGOR.
Miscellaneous crosB-referenccs.
In AKe-Masinlssa. 137
" " -John Wesley. 138
" " "... 6854
" " -Cato the Censor. 139
" " -Palmeretoc. 140
VILLAIINV.
Reward of v. Titus Oaten. ♦SAit
Hi.. RAHCALITY (/I tne.
ViNDIGAViON.
Audaotuu* v. Bothwell. ♦.5832
8e« ACyriTTAL.
Joyful a. of seven Bishops. ikWI
VINDIOTIVBNKRS.
Prelatloal Archbishop Hharpe.^58.'W
See HATRED ami REVENdU
in loc.
VIOLBNf'B.
Error of v. -Christians.
•,5884
Miscellaneous croB»-reference«.
Argumentative v. from w'kness.299
Paternal v.- Frederick II.
Reaction of v.-Becket-II. II.
Savage v. of Frederick Wm.
for Vlolence-Afrrlppina.
See FORCE in loc.
VIRGINITY.
Dedlcated-Puloherla.
Faith In v. -.loan of Arc.
Sacred-Joan of Arc.
.■);I89
01 «5
1672
2072
♦58;»
♦5836
♦5837
46 1(
Cross-reference.
Regard for v.-Superstltlous.
See CHASTITY,
and ClvlUzatlon-Opposed. •781
Invincible c.-R. Gen. Bellsarlus.^788
Rare-Roman maidens. ^787
by Coercion-Matilda. 5802
Ignored by Spartans-Ruin. 61.37
See GIRLS and MAIDEN I'n U..-.
VIRTUE.
False v.- Wife of Constantlne.
Political v.-Lord Rochester.
Protection of v. -Romans.
Public v.-Emperor Pertlnax.
Severity In v. -Stoics.
Superior v.-Phoclon.
Uncertain, Natural v.
♦5838
♦58.39
♦,5840
♦.5841
♦5842
♦5843
♦5844
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Austerity In stoical v. 5842
In Conservatism-Halifax. 1132
Conspicuous v.-Canute. 3061
by Contention-Spartans. 2688
Distrusted by the vicious. 3412
False V. of Messallna. 6064
" view of v.-Cynlcs. 5677
by Industry-Roman army. 8812
Influence of example. 3,505
Life prolonged by v. 3714
Lost-Sulclde of Lucretla. 5786
Needful for republican gov't. 8455
Overcome by stratagem. 8976
Pleasure endangers v. 4198
Popularity lost by v.-Vane. 4313
Practical v. of T. Jefferson. 5371
Punished In Valeria. 4800
Restraint of v.-War. 4004
Reward of v.-Self-applanse. 3249
Shocked, False v.-Peter III. 6009
above Suspicion-Caesar's wife. 1942
Vicious v.-Patriotlsm-Soots. 4076
Woman's y.-Roman. 5840
VIHTl'KH-VVAH.
mi
VIHTCIKN.
M IrccllKiicou* crimii r> Icrriico.
KxuoMM tn bnrotu Cbarle* XII.
ImuKlnury ▼. of anoe«i(irii.
Mixed wttb vluuN-Alttxandur.
»»a CIlAhTlTV.
and Civilization Oppoiitid.
Invincible u.-K.Oen.HelUarlua.
Hare-Koman malduu*.
WO
liVM
1078
•7M«
•TH7
by Coerolon-Mutllda. CMVi
iKnored by HpHrtanH-Kuln. 6187
Hte COUIlAdK, FIIiKI.ITY, M(t
UAMTY ..n.l TKMl'KKANCK
iti /or.
VISION.
Fuiiolful v.-I'lmniom tity. '.W.')
Horrible v.-Marcnm BrutiiM. *ftm(l
Hplrtiual V -Swcdenborif. •r>M47
of War-Hannibal. *nH4H
Mlnci'llitnooim cronB.nfiTPiiiH'n.
Au'plclouN V.-" Holy I^iioo."
Child's ▼. of future-< Tom well,
of Conqueror Holy man.
" tbe CroDH by ConHlaiitlne.
Delusive optical v.-CanurleH.
Falth'a v. of tbe cross".
Fanatic's v.-" PIoukU the e."
of Genlus-ColiimbuH.
" Uod-Amorluan Indians.
IlluMlve v.'Ulalse I'lisual.
by IinaRlnatlon-J. Uunyan.
Instructed by v.-Constaiitlne.
of Invisible KUtde-Cnsfntlne's
Prompted by v. -P. Cooper's f.
Remarkable v. vorltlcd-S.
of Halnts-Joan of Arc.
Startling v. -Poet Shelley.
II ti II 11
Timely v. of Muhomet.
of Wealth, Deceptive.
Woman transformed In v.
VISIONS.
Bffective-Joan of Arc.
Fiotitlous-Amiirath.
Seu AIM'AKITION.
Belief In a.-Samuel Johnson.
False a.-" Three kniKbts "
Fancied a. of Theseus.
of the Dead-H. Miller.
Startling a.-" Evil jrenlus."
See GHOST.
Improvised K'-Ooldsmitb.
Apparent g.-Itev. Tunnell.
See GHOSTS.
Belief in r. -Samuel Johnson.
Fear of g., Siamese.
See TRANCE.
Contlnuous-SwedenborK.
See TRANCES.
Punished for t.-Eliz. Barton.
•5860
♦258
♦aw
♦^65
9C9
U'M
asos
♦8354
♦2.356
♦5678
♦5fi70
See DREAMS and SPIRITS in lot:
VISITOR.
Welcome-Lafayette. ♦esei
VISITORS.
Cross-reference.
Irrepressible v.- Tourist s. 2059
■IWIT
a47»
18*)
15t>l
1173
1(M«
8.11J
8711
«;;«
5110
•M\)i
■1407
015
aiH-i
8730
8738
056
5985
0100
VOKK.
Powerful V. tiKimrul Knox. ♦5HVJ
TraliiInK of v Dumoithitnri. ♦.%N.VI
Wiill-pronerved v .1. Wosliiy, •Bs.M
1)05
5I','.)
auos
1I7H
5;:i()
574(1
«:■.'
1W>I
:iii(H)
;iKi6
5:100
II
MiM'i'MitiKout croM-n'rvruiiCFii
of <ii)d In tli<> »oul.
Inner v. Ilcnjarolii Abbott.
" "- Ulndalni'd.
" " Luther's.
" " McHNuKc by (|uiikcni.
" " UuIh of- Kcix
LciMt by bribery Di'iiiontheiKS.
Mysterious v. Culunilius.
" In wall.
" " to KoniiiiiM.
obedience to the Inner v.
Within, Tb<i v (ieo. K..x
See ELoyCEM'K unci Sl'BEl'
III liir.
VOLVNTKUH.
<.'rii«H-rvU-ivin-f.
Welconu)-All-Mubomet. 6801
VOLItNTKKHS.
MlHreltaneiMiH itojim refereneefi.
Adventurous v. Conquest of I"'la. 75
Choice of V. .Soldiers. 67mi
DarlnK-IlliiwInK up the ram A. VI
for Self-sacrlHcc-Calals. 10)10
VOTE.
Only one v. -Cromwell. ♦.Wm
Power of one v. -Sparta. ♦.'iM.mi
" ' -Marathon. *58.')7
MiscellDnitoux crdBn-rcfercnccd.
Basely ({Iven-Koohoster. 3875
Compllniontary v., Lincoln's. H88
DecIlnInK always to v. -A. J. 3i!r,'
Emphatic v. -Stone ballot. l.'i.Mi
Minority v. elects Lincoln. :!h;{|
One decisive v. -Impeachment. 8T.")0
Ostracism by v. -Athenians. SIKW
Unanimous v. for Ind'pond'nce.a7UO
VOTES.
SolIoltInK v.-Grenvllle. ♦saiS
Mlscellftnoniis cross-ri'ferenceii.
by Bribery of German princes.
Character controls v. -Wash.
Coerced by CoramunJst.s.
Controlled by forcc-Croniwell.
Corrupt-" Credit Moblller."
for Dead candidate- Webster.
Excluded by Cromwell.
Independent EnsHsh v.
Influencing v. -Women.
Majority to rule-United Stctes.
Perseverance in seekInK v.
Resentment at v.- James II.
008
883(j
187i;
3180
8'jyo
703
2488
4011
3410
3387
4153
8890
VOTING.
for Chrlst-Uoraan Senate.
See ELECTION in he.
VOW.
of Gratitude-Lincoln.
Sudden v.-Martln Luiher.
♦5a59
♦5«60
♦5861
Manifested- Beard uncut.
Heiiirloua V Columbus.
490
IHNI
l«1l
Keniembrred llftnen year*. S4W
Wloktd V. Mahnniet'sfathei. 70A
VOWN.
Forced V. -Convent.
UeilKlous V In Hiekuvss.
" '• Columbui.
Mlscellaneoua cross-reference*.
of Gratitude-Lincoln's. 5860
" -Unjust V. 5866
♦5MU
•5««»
♦5«M
♦5806
•5H6«
8960
I'njuit V. are null.
<'riiM refirene*.
UellglouR V. of Jesuits.
SCO DKIiU'ATlUN in (of.
VOVA»E.
Celebrated v. (.f (iret ks. ♦5H67
Preparation for V. church. ♦5808
Mlneelluneiinn orons refcrdices.
Fatal v.-Youth to labyrinth. flOBl
Prevented, Happlly-Goldsralth.'Kni
Hee SIlII'WUEfK.
Planned by N>r»».
1347
*' " '*
8819
WAUES.
Advanced In EiiKlaml.
*5809
Exorbitant w., So called.
♦.5870
I.eKal w. EnKland.
♦5871
by I'opularlty-Charloteei s.
♦6878
Small w. I5ih century.
♦6873
" "England.
♦5874
" -I3lh century.
♦5875
MlitcelluneonH eroiin references.
A."tlHan's w. In K"; 'and, yr. H180 359
Clerical w , Low.
984
Compulsory w. of laborers.
8111
of Dishonor-" You eat me."
8350
In Drlnk-EnKllsh farmer.
8966
Fixed by law-Enijland.
3118
Increase of w. opposed.
3180
Small w.-18th century.
3119
" "-13th century.
8544
See FEE.
Extortionate f. of jallers-P.
♦2186
See REWARD in lot:
WAITING.
l.'roHft-rcference.
Weariness in w.- Etiquette.
102S
See DELAY in tua.
W^ALKING.
Benefit of w. -Alexaniler.
♦5878
See PEDESTRIAN m loc.
WALL.
Cross-reference.
Stupendous Chinese w.
205
WANDERING.
( 'ross-referei'Ces.
Life of w. -Tartars.
3894
Lost by w.-Laliyrlnth.
6061
See EXILE iin.l FUGITI /E in loc.
WANTS.
Fewness of w- Diogenes.
♦5877
Cross-reference.
Few w.-Dlogenes to Alex. IIBI
See POOR and POVERTY in loc.
WAR.
Ancestor's love for w.~En(?. *B878
by Avarice-East Indian. ♦5879
U T
1
!
i
i
D6:i
Arenlun to w.-(lnn. (Irant. •VWO
liriclnnliiK of w. Am. Ituv. *nNNi
ttlllKltlrllkl (iX'lllkrnrllT. *tiHltt
lilds-tiiiifn of w. rr<>Kru«H. •Shm.i
Urutallty In w. IMIIiue. *:>w<t
.«) Ytiarii' Wiir'SHM,'!
Burden of w, t'oiitlnuuiu. *StM(l
Cnuio uf w, Hinttll. *KHH7
( uuitei of w. Uobolllon. *5NNH
<'lvll w. Oruek ICmplru. ♦««',(
civilisation by w. Itrltaln. '(MIX)
('omiKMixailiniMof w. .'K) Yearn. •BHlll
( iiiitiimpi of w. '"IlaiiKmun." ♦.Vtiia
< rmiltlfs of w. Mcotlan<l. ♦.'Wii.'l
• riiolty 111 w -TImour. ♦SHUI
-Atitlooh. •.^Hllrl
Dticlarallon of w. KomaiiM. *.'iHiKl
Itt'ifrailoil II Tmdo. 'IWUT
DuNtriiiitlvo w., Cii'Mar'a. *ftHi)H
'• -Attlla. *M)U
" Nilpoluoil. ♦.MHH)
Kinblum of w., Iiullau. •ft'Hd
Kndod abNurdly l>. H. Knjf. *.V.KW
Kimmles In w.-UiiiiKtir. •WMW
Kanilno by w. -IiniocM^nt. *.')1K)|
KaiMouH III w. Win. of N. *:M):>
Kiiillo w. KiiKlimd ami Spain ♦.")'.kmi
" -.Seven yearH. ♦.V.ioT
Glory In w.-Am. Indiana. ♦VJdH
VM. (loHpol-MaHitaubUNottH. 'Wkmi
for Uonor-TroJan \V. •SDH)
Iiu!apaclty for w.-I.oiidoun. *.V.)li
Inhunmnlty In w.-Koraau.s. .v.iia
Injury by ( Ivll w. •MM'!
IiiMtlnt't for w.-Nap(deon. *.V.iU
Love of w.-Lord Nelson. *:i{H!>
-Franks. •.'iiiKI
-The Alanl. *m\7
Miseries of w.-Kebolllon. *M)\H
' -Desolation. *.V,)1!I
Monument of w. -Skulls. ♦.W20
Murderous w.-Towtun. ♦5!);!1
I'lirtlsan w.-Ciesar and I*. *M>'£i
fatrloilsm In w., Defensive, ♦.'iiwa
' -Am. Uev. Kmi
Piety In w.-Joan of Arc. ♦.'iO'J,')
Politicians In w -Romans. '.V.tie
Prayed for, Miseries of w. *.")!»'.7
Propensity for w.-Am. Ind. ♦.">!)','8
Romance In w -.30 Years. ♦.'iikJO
of the Uoses-England. *.')il30
Solitary survivorn of w. ♦5935
for Spoils-Athenians. ♦.5931
.Study of w. , Honorable. ♦5933
Sufferers by w., The Innocent. ♦59.33
Supplies In w.-2d Trusade. ♦.'5934
Terrors of clvU-WclllnKton. ♦59.36
Toleration in-Mohammedans. ♦5987
Trained for w.-Franks. ♦.')9,38
Trophies of w., Ghostly. ♦5930
Uncertainties of w.-Uebelllon.^5940
" "-Am. Rev. ♦.5941
rnhlndered, Klnj? Philip's. ♦.V.)48
Waste of w.-Devastatlon. ♦.5943
Wealth by w.- Peter Cooper. *5944
Wounds ir w.-Phllip. ^5945
\VAItK\UK-\VATEU.
Authority n«c«it*ary In w. 40A
411
Avarto)) nauRuii w. Kant India. nHTU
liMKliinlnK* III w. Groat cannon. T(>7
liootlHM w. with KiiM^lanii. ll.VI
liurdens of w. Fruii. Miu Great. ITlin
CauNu of w., InslKnllleant. iHlon
" " " Uemo'e Mt»Grecn.3ll.1
-Cotton-Kin. aUMM
chlralry In w. HID
•' " HIH
Civil War Ho<!lul confusion. Iii9il
cllinatu produiios w. OSiJ
CoiiNtant w. 5U0 Years. 4t(N)
( riieltlus of uiK'lent. I.'i;i4
Cruelty In w. Iliibylonlans. I.50'l
" " ('lusar. 1879
iaa4
Napoleon. 1351
rimour. 1807. 13(18
Debt by w., .National t'.Htatos.MUl
Deeliiratlon by hurllni; spear. 41
Destruction of ( 'iiitlia«e. 10.59
" properly. 1051
Devices In w. -Napoleon. 115H
Kiiulneers In w., Help of. 1h9~
Famine by w. AtlienM. yori!
('aniida. yiwa
" " Uome. 8079
Fire applied In w -I.ouls X\V. a 14','
in Ileaven-ScaiidlniivlaiiH. a,M5
Increa«es crime Fiiifjaml. lv!Mti
Inevitable Arbltriillon rejected. 379
Inleinperance caii»<e.s w. 3041
.Jealousy In w., Ruinous. 1331
.IiistlUable w. for dvlll/.atlon. iKW
.lustltted-Freedom-RellKlon. 3131
Opposed by commerce. 993
I Patriotism vs. Munitions. 40.53
for Plunder-Corrupted Romans. 43H
Position In w., Value of. am)
Pretence for w.-Aglncourt. 471
Pretext for w.-Darlus. 1073
" " " -Romans. 438
Proftress of civilization. 019
Prolonged BOO years. 1.549
Provocation for w. -Privateers. 333
(Quality bettor than numbers. .3H31
RellKlon in w.-Admlral Blake. 3131
Robbery of the weak. S47t(
Science an ally In w. 6047
Settled by combat. 3884
Stench of camels useful. 38<J3
Trifles brinif w.-Am. Rev. 506
Uncertainties in w. 4406
Watchwords in w. contrasted. 2038
Woman leadluR-Joan of Arc. 888
WARPAR£.
Unequal-Am. Revolution.
WARNING.
of Danger-Richard I.
Ineffective w.-Csesar.
Ulscellancous crosarcfereDCCB.
of Ambitlon-CharlemaKne. 190
-Fred, the Great. 308
Arts in w.-Ancients. 353
♦5»10
♦5947
•5048
Miscellaneous cron-refcrences.
Accepted, Girl's w., by Llncoln.6108
Admonition disregarded. 56
Dlsdalned-a Woman's w. 6110
Disregarded by Nero's mother. 196
Effective w. to officials. 8036
Felon's w. to manufacturers. 513
Inturfertince of novice. SMS
NeKlected Dlverilon Cioiiar. lilHU
Timely w Wash, by woman. UfiM
Unexpoetud w. Scripture. 4U0I
I'nmovod by w. Alexander. liMH
Hi'c ADMilNITION.
f>lHreRardod Gen. liraddock. *.5«>
Hci. CAI'TKlN.
N«e4ed-Abrahum Lincoln. ♦73H
KxccHslve e. Military science. fl,5.i
Necessary e. Abraham Lincoln. 1046
Needless Macedonian soldiers, tni
Rejected liraddock's defeat. 07
Removed by compiisN. iMiiO
WAHN.
Oooaston of w. RellKlon and C.^no49
Nw IIAITLK-CUY.
of Crusaders "(iod wills it." 8385
•' I'urltuns " God Is with us." 464
Si.' IIATTI.KI'IKI.II.
Fruitful b.lllood fattened. ♦4H8
Sw. ll.VI'TLKS.
Decisive b.-Flfteen. ^489
S.f AKMV, IIATTLK, lIKROISM,
.MASSACKK mill WEAPO.NS
In Inc.
WATrHFt;LIVKS8.
Safety by w.-IimIIhiis. ♦59.50
CrosK-ri'fi'ronce.
Need of w. -Columbus. •,5308
Sco VIOII.A.NCE.
Needful for liberty. 38.37
UTATOHinAN.
Mlstakon-Am. Revolution. ^5051
Moo I'OI.K'E.
Inef&olont Enftllsh p. ♦4888
Use of p,-Wm. P. of Orange. ♦4889
Opposition to p.-England. 1130
OrlKlnal p. EnRland. 1301
See I)ETE(;TlVEin loc.
U^ATCH-WOUDS.
CJroiw-referenco.
Contrast In-Purltan cavalier. S818
See UATTLE-flKY.
of Crusaders-" God wills it. " 8388
" Puritans-" God Is with ns." 404
WATER.
Need of w.-Klnjtdom for. ♦59.58
Overflow of w.-Alban Lake. ♦5958
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Emblem of dominion-Persians. 1711
Introduction of w.-Plymouth. 5051
Luxury in w.-Roman baths. 469
See AQUEDUCTS.
Benefits of a. -Rome. 459
460
Introduction of a. -Plymouth. 5051
See BATH.
Health restored by- Napoleon. 8.558
Involuntary-Prison b. 1:185
Llcentlous-Sexes-Spartan. 0137
Perilous b. of Alexander. 1048
" "-Young Arnold. 8182
Renewlng-Fountain of Youth. 6196
See BATHS.
Common b. of Romans. ♦489
Magnifloent b. of Romans. ^460
xV
limit
Mm
4B()I
lOM
•7!W
•4H9
SM,
*
•6080
•saw
3837
•5051
•4288
1130
1301
t."
8386
r.8."
404
♦595a
e.
•5953
incM
lans
.1711
ith.
5061
B.
469
459
460
tb.
5051
on.
8,V>8
13S5
01 37
1048
2182
th
6196
•459
•460
VVATKUINO-PLACEH-WinoW.
053
ni>e nici.trnR.
by Mnddllnit Triulltloii. 16-15
TliUl d.-MudlUiiTKiieiin. 1T6N
^••ll (M'KAN III (v.
W/%TRHIN»>I*LA<'I{R.
KilNllo w.-p KmkIiikiI. *5<»ni
UnlnvltliiK w.-p. KiiKlaoil. *5uao
Mlmi'llikiioiiiiii criiiM rvforiMicci.
rluiiNuntH of w,-p. Old KliK. 4806
Huiploloui diet DoK-KiiRlaud. 818^1
WKAK.
UtilroyiMl Aiuilotil (.«riiiiUiN. •6000
Mi>c«llitn«niiH criiDH nriTi'iicch.
Clianiploti tor iliu w. Ilyrnn. 8818
rrot«(al<iii (if the w. Indlaim. 4ri.'l7
Uiipltled by Indiaim. 3888
WRAKNRHN.
Crlmlnallly of w. U. Cr'ru well. •6967
by Kiilar)i<!ir.(>nt-Kmplr(i. •.VI58
(>r (Iruat mmi DoiiioKthencg. '51)50
Moral w. Mllo thn ntblute. •6!)0u
Mlwi'llikiii'oiiK criMKrefcrciicci.
In AdvorHlty-Clcoro. 4370
of AiiRer-l'litllp. 5tOt
by Dlvlsluu Komaii Empire. lini.">
" " -Ancient (IttrniuiiH. 1(1!)7
Kxouiable-KalolKh-SculToKl. Ii44
Kxponod-Idolatry. M6(i
of Splrtt-JuHtintan. 18.18
bySympathyC"lumb'8nnin'n'd.54i)9
Ho« KFFKMINACY.
Uoyal e. of KliiKabalug. *18^'«
3781
21)00
3871
3876
0100
8309
8016
2025
1500
508
48(Hi
Age of e.-I<:n|{lt8h.
CbarKed faNoly-JoalouHy.
Honored for e.-BuokinRbam.
In Claudlns.
See KATKIl'K.
Inscuslblo to f.-Miiry Stuart.
Si'c 1 1 HOT.
Supposed l.-YouiiR Jobiison.
Sec I.MIIKCILITY.
Intemperan ■'" nroduces I,
OfBolal 1. -Invasion of Canada.
Rldloule of natural I.
8ee WEAKINESS.
in Bereavement-James Watt.
" Pleasuro-seekhiK-Charlcs II
Unconscious of w. from labor-\V. 1 18
See (;0\VARmCE and FOLLY
in^EAliTH.
Conservation of w.-Kngland. *59C1
Corrupting w.-RellRlon. ♦5902
by Corruption-Clarendon. *59(;3
Cost of w.-S. Johnson. ♦.'5901
' " *:m'o
Dangerous to piety-J. Wesley.^SOCli
Despoiled of w. -Cromwell. *6;)«7
Destroyed for safety. ♦5908
Bnormous w.-Turks. ♦5909
Failure of w.-8. Johnson. ♦6970
by Flattery-Rome. ♦.'jOTl
Genius for w.-Crassus. ♦SO'S
Hopes of w. -Lincoln. ♦5973
Immoderate w.-Romans. ♦.5974
by Labor-Peter Cooper. ♦6975
Perils of w.-Dlocletlan. *5976
KHiailvii w. N. Y.. yr. 1678. •5977
Ht'pudUtiul by J. Wesley. •5lt7M
UepiitHtlon for w. JUKtlnlan. •.Vi79
Uuriil w. J. ('iiiitai'u/.tMiii. •59H()
Nobemu of w. llHiilfacti VIII. *Mh\
Slavitry to w. Hpanlardii. •WM
Vlnloniiry w. Noto, •ntt85
Well- ureil w. smpon. •.'>»h8
Wise use of w. 1'. < ooper. •6081
Mliici*ll;itii-<iiirt crnHMTeri-rericcti.
In AfTcctlon Jolinsiin. 4.'Vt7
Art |)itlr<inl/.(i(l by w. •'1055
Aviirlcii witli wnalili I'ytblus. 4N^I
lloiinviileni nniMif w.orliiiriM. 887
iiunliJMNonii) w. Iron money. 3».Vi
vs. t'burai'tfr. 4788
Inclilidritn H. Wesley's. 119
CiinimiiiilHtlc (llstillmtli)n of w. 'Mi
Comininillvo w. ('. .Iitoiih'. OHO
Concuitlmitnl of w., nanKcroux .'1063
Ciiiisci'ralrd to UcllKlon. 1570
ColiNi-rvatlNni of w. War. 5913
" by w.- Jeffreys. 5901
Conscience vs. w. I'oiin. 48.'i5
Conspiracy of w.I'oor. 48!K)
by Corruplliin ducllnod-S. A. I). 073
Crime to posHesH w. 30<17
" of poHsen.sluK-Franco. Ilii7.'l
by Crlmi'n of I'lratcs Romans. I'.IW
Crliiilnul w, of Vt'm^s. 1810
Doivi.tlvc DIrtVH. (fold. 8'tM8
DiMlt'H laws Riimans. 3113
" .Solon. 8155
UcRradatlon for w. 908
Dovoleil to t'lltii'utlon. 1888
Discarded by Maliomiit. 5'84
" J. Wesley. 618
" for sclenee-Karaday. .587
Duty of benevolence, Spotilal. 4H80
K-Xtorted by Richard II.
Klclltlous w.- Speculators.
" " -Speculation.
by Flattery-LeRactes.
" (lambllnR-John Law.
Imperils the State -Roman.s.
by Legacies, Cicero's w.
Levelled by luxury,
by Misfortune of olhers-C.
oniee monopolized by w.
Opportunity for w. ncftleiJlcd.
MI«eplUntmu cri>«« ri>(Wrrnr-ci.
from Kovs-Amerlcitn Rev. I8H0
Inferior w. Copper and tin. 8000
Men .SWlllll) III UiU.
WKAHIIVRMII.
.MlMrt'llniu'iiiii criiKu rrfcri'iirfn.
In lleruavenieiit .lamen \\ atl. 568
" I'leasure-seekluK-CharUm II. 1806
Unoontclousof w.from labor-W.U8
S.I.. FATIorK.
Insensible to f. Mary Stuart. 6100
WKATIIKIt.
Mlwfi'Il.iiuMMif* iT*"*^ rt I'l riiicp*.
CroakliiKaRulMHt the w. I3IA
lllntory depends on w. 1H«;8
Life lost by exjiosure to w. K. I l'J7
WaHhlnKlon.llir
Providential i^lmnue In w 1556
Nt'c I'LIMAIM i>. /..o.
WIMVKHN.
I 'rucH rt'l't-rt'iuf.
Importance of w. of allk.
WKDDINO.
llrllllant w.-oileiilal.
Present for a w. Slaves.
2(«)7
8811
58M8
58H3
5971
1.58
318.)
3101
08.')
.S^HS
26(Hi
8(K)7
Opportunities for w. Ignored. 5813
by Oppression of poor-Church. 4936
Persecuted for w. In France. .'i073
by Plunder-Pizarro. 1008
" " -Francis Drake. ;M59
Proof of w. for taxation. 8003
by Itapaclty-Court ladles. 0123
Renounced by St. Anthony. 1.509
Sacrifices for w. 5'.H15
Sinful use of w.-Uome. i'lOO
Sought In legacies. 3184
Tainted wealth-Roman's. 998
I'seof, Wlae-Medloi. 2477
by War-P. Cooper. 5944
/lone of w.-Columbus. 972
Sec OOLl) iuul RICHES in loc.
WBAPONS.
Needless-Civil War.
•6986
361
•5087
•5988
Ml.wi'lhiiudiiH IT' <n ri'feri'Mcrn.
Abuniliined by Intemperan(M). 8914
FeiiKl OraiidsniiH of Timour. 741
RldUuluus w. Ancient Russian. 1184
Si'O MAUUlAdE in lor.
U'EDIiOf K.
Oolden w. MiM-ciiiary Sp'rt'n8.*5089
Cic'-n rt IVri'iici'.
for Joy-Cltlzens ol' London. 3031
Sir TKAKS in loc.
WELCOITIK.
(Jniteful Wife of James 11.
Public w.-to Cromwell.
♦5000
•5991
Ml!<cell»noi>UH cronHreferenccn.
Cold w. to bride, .Seendng. 3087
Comforting w. to James II. 5990
Joyful w.-Return of Columbus.8800
Publlo w. to Lafayette. 'iiS!,
Sic HAMiSllAKINd.
Weariness of h.-s.-CJen. ()rant.*8600
See HOSPITALITY iu toe.
MlKiellanious eninn references.
IIonored-Dlck Talbot. 6117
Ineffective w.-Massacre of St.B.4541
Misery from w.-Mary Stuart. 8490
Misnamed ptety-Persecutlon. 4541
Monster in w.-Maliomet III. 4007
Recompensed by w. 8743
Retribution for w. -Jeffreys. 4848
Reward of w.-Mlsery. 4856
Rewarded -Mourzoufle. 4500
Triumphant w.-Frodegonda. 0109
Unexcelled w.-Nero. 4905
by Weakness-Commodus. 1354
IVIDOIV.
MlaccllnncuuH croBs-rcfereiiccH.
Benevolent w- punished. 056
Noble son of a w.- O. Wash. 6198
See BEREAVEMENT and DEATH
in loc.
954
WIDOWER- WITNESS.
WIDOWER.
Mlncclliiiiediis croas-riMuriMici's.
Foolish third iniirrlaKe Mlltou. 3V;w
Histy marrluge of w. 3-181
Many tlines-Twenty-two w. (i0.i8
Marriage of younu wife by w. 311 1
" " w.-Ill-matevl. 3451
Seoond muTUce approved. 34H-J
See BKKKAVE.MENTiu.d DKATII
hi titf,
WMPOWHOOU.
Cojsolatlon oftVred lu w.-N.
WIFE.
Abandon'"-' by poet Shelloy.
Authority of w.-Lady Fairfax.
Bequeathed by Atbonlaiis.
CounseU of w. -Theodora.
Enerfjetlc w.-Margaret of A.
Generous w. to Wm. P. of O.
Honored w.-Mrs. Jackson.
Rebellious w.-J. Milton's.
Remembered- WashlnKton.
" -S. John^on.
True w.-(iU3en Mary.
Unhap.-y w.-.I. Seymour.
and Vlxen-Mra. Pitch.
Warrior's w.-Oalta.
Winning w.-C^uoen Mary.
Worthy w.-CalphuruUi.
Wronged w.-t'aiherlne II.
♦5993
♦r>Hj4
".'•.99.5
*,'J(.9C
*:>>.m
*.')999
*00()0
*C001
*(iooa
*00OJ
•(«)()5
*0()0(;
♦ooor
*(1IK)8
*U009
Mlscellaiieoua crosaroferi'iiws.
Abandoned vixen-John Fitch. 1870
Adultery forgiven by w. 3S4-J
Affection of w. -Josephine. IW
" for w.-A. Jackson. 105
Afifections moved by thunder. 107
Ambitious w. of General Gates. 303
Avenged liy us.saaslnatlon. 4H01
Beloved w. of Prest. Jackson. 105
Bondage of Roman law. 1707
Broken-hearted w, -Josephine. 104
Brutality to his w. lOG
Burden, a Rejected. 31.59
Chosen In chlldhood-Rob't Peol..')(i3
Claims of w. vs. State. 3^>7.5
by Coerclon-Wmiam Watt. 3434
Complimented by second mar. 34,s-,>
Dangerous w.-Mary Stuart. 3494
Deoeased-Mlul.sterlng spirit. 531 -i
Dependence on-" Have I dined :''"18
Deserted by Shakespeare. 3 (93
Devoted w. of Martyr Taylor. 079
"-Captivity- L'fy'tte. 4;il8
Discreet w. rules her h. .335a
Disguised la man's dross-Spar. 3483
Dishonored by Mahomet. 03
" " concubine. 0109
Dissembling w. -Faustina. 1675
Dominion of w.-Bellsarius. 8086
Equal in intellect-Adams. ;«97
Faith, ul w.-Mary P. of Orange. 788
False union with w. 3444
Helpful w.-Mrs. A. Johnson. 6416
Humiliation of w.. Self. 4658
Husband vs. Brother. 0099
Impoverished of fortune. 3-105
Insulted by makl*- r love. -8410
Loan of a w.-Spartans. 6i.S7
Loss of w.-James Watt. 562
Noble virtues remembered. 0076
Noble purpose of w.-Theste. 0099
Obedient w.-Mary to William. 8090
" to huxband. .5998
Opposition of w., Violent. 5I(W
Parent vs. Iliisbiiiid-Mary. 8085
Rebuked for avarice. 1583
Remembered in public life. 8597
Reproof of w.-Mrs. W'8hlng't'n.4781
Rival <)ppoH(Ml to w. 01;10
Itlvalled by conciibiiie. 0109
Ruler of husband-George II. 8083
Ruling husband Garrlck. 1083
W.-Rumford'.s. :M08
" -Princess Anne. 8*,'8
Sagacious reproof of w. 4881
Sale of w. legalized- Roman. 17''')
Secured with tobacco. 3458
Shameful w.-Mary Stuart. 49)0
Slave of Roman husband. 3499
Substitutes her husband. 4078
Supplanted by new love. 3315
Supported by w.-S. Adams. 0058
irnscrupiilous w.-Agrlppina. 58(10
Vice of w. 'llsbelicved. 4a'i8
Virtue above suspicion, Ciefar's. 1948
Well dressed-Pieasurable. 17.38
WIs,j counsel of w. -Josephine. 178
Wronged of proi)erty-\vldow. 4581
by mUlress. llfti
" " husband Ad'lterer.COO'i
See IJKIUK.
Cold welr'ime to b.. Seeming. 308(1
DlBlculty luterposed-Cerberus. .3338
(ilfts for b.-Gold-P. stones. 8:159
Preparations of b. -Refinement. 4048
Remembered b.-Josephiuo. 3340
a Reward of valor. 3;W5
Waiting fifteen years for-Cook.3195
•See I'OLYGAMY.
Fanaticism tends to p. 3078
Justified by Milton. 3983
Permitted by Luther. 4658
Shameful p. -Both well. 3188
Unproductive of children. 4333
See MAllUIAGE and '.VEDDIXO
in loo.
IVIIiL.
.MiscollaneoiiR croas references.
( 'ontro'. of tiie w.-Cato. 6004
Weakness of w. In Burns. 840
.«;ee CHOICE, P?:ciSI()Xiin(l STUIl-
HORXXESS in loc.
WIE.LS.
('ross-roferent'L'.
Influenced by spiritual advisers. 5.")4
SeeLEC.ACIES in loc.
AVIND.
Dependence on w.-Wm.P.of 0. 1803
Experiment with w.-Newton. 1993
.sectarian w.-Wm. P. of Orange.5000
AVIIVE.
Charm of w.-Gauls. *0010
Danger in w. -Ancients. *601 1
Deception in w.-S. Joimson. *6018
Defended-Samuel Johnson. *00I3
Forbidden-Samuel Johnson. *6014
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Deception in w.-Samuel.Iohn8on.l4
Pleasure In w., not happiness-J. 14
Seo INTEMPERANCE in loc.
WIlVIER.
Mlsocllaneoiis cross-references.
Changed to autumn-Calendar. 606
Dreary-Famine-Mass. iJolony. 8008
Terrible w.-N. E. Pilgrims. 967
W^ISDOlfl.
False w. of Aristotle,
with Ignorance-Aristotle.
Occasional w.-S. Johnson.
Practical w. -Socrates.
Rldlculed-Savans.
Source of w.-Folly.
♦6015
♦0010
♦0017
♦6018
♦0019
♦0030
Miscellaneous cross-references.
by Adversity-Fred, the Great. 84
" " -Romans. 85
" " -Dionyslus. 4889
Best w.-Knowing self. 8089
Folly preferred to w.-Dlogenes 8108
by Humility-Statesmen. 3670
Tested by questions. 4598
See DISCRETION.
Better than ra'or-Charles V. 1637
Ruler without d.-Charles II. 2433
Wife's d. rules husband. 3352
See WIT.
Dangerous »v.-('laudian. ♦60S,!)
(iuick w.-Woman'8-Charles I. ♦6080
Failure in w.-GoIdsmlth. 3570
Ready w.-Johii Wesley. 4768
Saved '••/ intercessor's w, 4663
See INTELLIGENCE, KNOWL-
EDGE and LEARNING
in loc.
W^IT.
Dangerous w.-Claudian. ♦0039
Quick w, Woraan's-Charles I. ♦0030
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Failure in w.-Goldsmith. 3570
Ready ^v.-John Wesley. 4T68
Saved by intercessor's \sr. 4663
Sto HUMOR in loc.
Suspected w.-Esquimau.
♦6083
Jllscellaneous cross-references.
Burned as a w.-Joan of Arc. 1736
Cured by flogging-Salem. 845
a Suspected w.-Duchess of O. 3512
" " "-Quaker in N. E. 4139
W^ITCHCBAFT.
Alleged w.-Salem. ♦0024
Epidemic of w.-Salem. ♦602S
Malice in w.-Salem. ♦6026
Punished w.-England. ♦6037
" -Salem. ♦6028
W^ITCHES.
Cross-reference.
Desc&odants of w. and demons. 1538
See DELUSIONS in loc.
W^ITNESS.
Abuse of w., Jeffreys'. ♦6031
False w.-Dick Talbot. ♦6033
" "-Titus Dates. ♦6038
of the 8plrlt-J. Wesley. •6084
ix
WITNESSING— WOMAN.
MUcellaiii'ouH ctcws rrfiTcncos.
DliMredttable w. Trial of It. MO
Falae w., Confusion of. 2I0-J
Murder of w. by (.'alllas. 3KT1
Shameless w. iuKrato-Burton. 2850
iriTNESSING.
for Christ- Early Christians. *(iOiir,
See EVIDKNCK iu loc.
urivES.
Market for w.-.IaineHtown.
Numerous -Artaxerxes.
Surylval of w.-Widower.
'6031
60.32
'6033
'0084
MUcclliineoUi* cross-rcferi'iices,
in Common-Anoieat Britons.
Ministers' w., Duty of.
Plurality of w.-l.'ith century.
Prostitution of Oothlc.
Rights of Mohammedan.
Wisdom of w.-Recoucillatlon.
See C'ONCUHINES.
Passion for c.-Elagabalus.
Power of Persian o.
ivomAiv.
Adventurous w.-Pope Juan.
Ambitious w.- Princess Sophia.
Avariclous-Wlfe of James II.
Brayery of Jane de Montford
" " Mrs. Purefoy.
Charity of Laeta.
Compassion of-Nero's nurses.
Converts by w.-CIotilda.
at Court-Lady Hamilton.
Cruelty of w.-Parysatls.
a Custodian of man.
Dangerous w. -Cleopatra.
Device of w,-Arladne.
Dominion of w.-S. Jennings.
Energetic w.-Wash.'s mother.
Executive w.-Wash.'s mother.
Extraordinary w.-Zenobia.
Ferocious w.- Hind.
Firmness-Theodora.
Forgotten-Mrs. S. Adams,
the Qreatest-Madame de Staiil.
Helpful w.-Isabella.
Honored w.-Tomb.
Indiscreet w.-F. Jennings.
Infanr.ous w.-L'dy Castl'malne,
" , " -Messalina.
" " -Cleopatra.
" -Catherine de M.
Infatuated by w.-Antony.
anInJuredw.-Wlfe of James 11,
Injustice to w.-Henry VIII.
Invention of w.-Silk-weavlng.
Miserable-Sarah Jennings,
in Misfortune-Cordelia.
Monstrous w.-Queen Mary.
Opposed-Queen Mary.
Patriotic w. -Maria Theresa.
Perfect w.-Cadijah.
" -Q. Mary (Wm. Ill)
Philosophic w.-Hypatia.
in Politics-King's mistress.
" " -Pompadour.
" " -Lady Castlemalue.
Power of w.-Cleopatra.
'-Quetonallle.
" " " -Aspasla.
♦fioao
♦ooar
♦oo;)M
on
30! 1
6.5
120!)
()131
2680
000
950
*fift30
*6040
♦0041
*G042
*li(m
*mn
*0W5
*0046
♦6047
*004,S
*0040
*605()
*0051
♦6052
♦(W53
*am
♦6055
♦60u(i
♦6057
♦6058
♦0059
♦6060
♦6061
♦6062
♦cmia
♦6064
♦60()5
♦6000
♦6067
♦0008
♦6069
♦(H)70
♦0071
♦0072
♦6073
♦6074
♦(i075
♦(K)76
.♦6077
♦6078
♦6079
♦6080
♦6081
♦6082
♦6083
♦6084
Power of w. -Catherine Sedlty,
Pralso of w. Mrs. Jac^kson.
Protec.ttxl by w.-1'o.'iilionlas.
Kemiirkublu w.-'l'liojliih.
" " -Miiry Stuart.
Res(!Ut^d by w.-Chas. II.
Ueiitnilnti of w.-S. Johnson.
Uevougbf ul w.-Ansasslnat ion.
Rights of w. Karly Romans.
Rule of w. -Marguerite.
-Mary (iueen of S.
Sagacious w.-Tlmnclea.
Saved by w.-h'ulvia.
Scholarly w.-il- Elizabeth.
Spirited w.-Tlieste.
" " -Q. Mary (StnartV
Supremacy of w.-Voturla.
Taste of w. -Advice to Lincoln
Taught by w.-Christianity.
Te derness of w.-Joan of .\rc
' -L. H.
Transformation of w. -Vision.
Value of w.-Placidia.
Weakness of w.-Mary of M.
Wickedness of w.- Fredcgonda
Wise w.-Artemlsia.
Worshipped Joan of Arc.
Wronged in property.
Zeal of w. for Monmouth.
" " " -D ifonslilre.
♦tiOR-)
*{)im
*6()h7
•lillHS
*!.()«! I
*0(l!K)
♦OIKII
*(H)iC,'
♦r,(l93
♦lidOt
*6l.'05
♦lilliHi
*60'.I7
♦6(I0H
*(ilHIO
*0I00
♦01 11
.♦(ill;:.'
*'611«
♦6 KM
♦(il(>,-)
*61()fi
♦0107
♦610H
♦610!)
♦6110
♦61 il
♦0112
*611;i
*01II
956
024
109
(i<IH»
(iO.V>
Misci'Uunenns iTusa-rt'fcrciicL'S.
Abused-James II. 109-1
Aroiised-Market women of P. 0.")8
Audacious w.-Licentioas. 1910
Avarice-Court of Jame.s II. H03
lioauliful-'AIlare qiioenshere." 192
ISoautyof w. prostituted. 'l.'iS.'!
exhibited Cleopatra. .WH
of w., Ktl'ectivo-l'oppa'u^lO
lienevolent scheme of w. U'.y
lilblc proliiblted vv.-Kngland. .'iMI
Uiood-thirsty-Conslantina. VVVi
Capricious w.-(i. Christina. .')9-'H
Captivated by w. Mahomet. O.i
Champion for women. Oi:!.")
Charity of w.. Wonderful. 781
" "-La-ta. mw
Charms, Strange Catli. Sedley. 2S(2
for King John. ~'«18
Christian devotion of w. 10(13
romniunistio w. -Paris. r.).'i.'l
Community of w.-Onostics. 1001
Compassion of w.-Indian. 1006
I 'rnelty to w.-.reffreys'. Mi2
" "-Clotaire. 137.3
Dangerous w. -Rosamond. 67
Deceptivc-Vlcious-Antonlna. 4H.'jH
Depraved w.-Catherlnc II. M.W
Desperate w.-Marcla. 1591
Destructive Influence of w. 2H19
Devoted loyalty-Wlndham. 33,'J8
Devotion of w.-Mrs.Unwln to('.2H83
" -II. Weiitworth. 2510
" w. -Self-Servant. rJ-IS
to w., Knights. 191
Disgraced by adultery. 3(30
Disguised as man-Christina. 3928
Dishonored w.-Ruin of J. II. 61 13
Distrusted by Cato. .5064
" " Napoleon I. 5065
Love of w.. Reckless.
" glory in w.
Marriage proposed by w.
(Mucatlon of w. neglected.
l''a.scinatlng w. llearlloHM.
" b.-Mary Stuart.
" " -Zenobla.
rickieness-Countesrt of Carlisle. 109
l''lclltlous w. IClagabalus. 960
Flattery apprcclated-Ellz. 26H4
Fortitude of w.- Martyrs. 4142
Heartless ( 'ountess of Carlisle. 109
" w.-Cleopatra. 4227
Helpful w. I'rsula Cotta. 1811
Honored by .'erslan kings. 9.59
Ignoble w. Kxtorting money. 607
Independent .Mrs. Washington. 2780
Indifferent to w. 33,50
Indignation smothered. 3712
Infamous poisoner-Rosamond. 1292
Infatuating charms of w. 2819
w.-Mary Smart. .'i;!42
Influence of liijured w. 5716
" .vll w.-C. Sedley. 50.5-1
Inlluentlal-Courtesan-Aspasla. 12.56
Ingenuity of w.-Dr. t^ole. • 5:iH3
Insulted-DIck Talbot. 5177
Intercession of-C^ueen Phlllppa.4039
Irrepres8il)le-Lady Fairfax. 5294
Leadership of w.-"Stop that b."8.58
3476
3729
3472
3476
Jlonstor, Moral-Theodora. 1;M4
Detestable-Agrtpplna. 8072
Obsolete labor of w.-England. 355
Passion of w., Maternal. 3529
" for jewelry. 5698
Patriotic appeal-Theresa. 4035
" " of Elizabeth. 4070
w. "Captain Molly." 4078
'• -Lydia Darrah. 4079
Patriotism of Pausanlas. 3724
Personality donied-Romans. 3499
I'er'ness of w., Offensive. 3485
Piety of w.Pulcheria. 5836
I'lous sacrifices-Isabella. 4188
Pitiless w.t^ueen Mary. 6041
Plain manners-Mrs. Jackson 5215
in Politics-Henrietta. 4282
Power of w.-AIistress. 1133
Property of w. for Husband. 3465
Quick wit of w. 6030
Reformed-Courtesan Theodora.5996
Remarkable w.-Joan of Arc. 5437
Respect for w.-Fxecutloners. 4141
" " -Elevates men-G. 902
Revenge of w., Degrading. 4849
Passion for. 4853
" of w., f'ruel Parysatls.4855
" for exposure-A. 4858
Rule of w.-Poppa-a. 4373
" " " -Fairfax. ' 5894
Rullng-Rumford's wife. 3462
Saves the State-Fulvia. 1140
Self-made w.-Mrs. Adams. 3497
Sex deplored by w.-M. Stuart. 6100
Shame of w. overlooked. 3712
Shameful w.-Louisa Maria. 8066
Shameless w.-Rosamond. 67
Slandered-Anne Hyde. 6038
Sorrows of w. -Turks. 4366
Spirited w.-Craven husband. 1248
m
956
WOMEN— WORLD.
Spirited w.-Lady Fairfax.
Subordinate to man-Win. III.
Suffers by lutemperancu.
SuKKestion of w., Valuable.
Supposed to be an anRcl.
Sympathy of w.
" " " -Joun of Arc.
Tact of w.-Queon Caroline.
Taunt of w., Influence of.
Tyranny over Mllo-Courtesan.
UKly-faced w.-Mex Murray.
Unprlnolpled-Noro's mother.
Venneanoe of w. -Theodora.
Vice of w. overlooked.
Vicious w.-Polsoner.
Virtue of w.-Roman.
" " " doubted-Mary S.
Vlolent-Qneen Elizabeth,
vs. Woman-Poppaea.
Work In conversions.
Worshlpped-Mlnerva.
Zeal of w., Patriotic-Flag.
Co-operation of w.-Am. Rev.
Courtesy to w. -Early Romans.
Culture of w. unappreciated.
Degraded by Roman law.
Devotion of w.-R. matrons.
Ferocious w.-Barbarlans.
In Government-Revolutions,
and Government-Injuries.
Hard-hearted w.-Court of J
Heroic w.-Soolal reform.
"-Flora McDonald.
Honored-Ancient Germans.
Injustice to w. by nobility.
Insults of w. for cowards.
Patriotic w.-Am. Revolution,
in Polltlcs-Clcero's wife
Power of w.-Soap rebellion.
Preaching by w.-Wesley.
Reform by w.-Church.
Rights of w.-Mohammedan.
" "-A. Hutchinson.
Rivalry of w.-Cleopatra.
Ruined by w.-Spartans.
Rule men-Cato says.
Testimony of w.-Tarqulnla.
Warriors of w.-Dahomey.
" " " -Arabian.
" " "-Second Crusade.
110
3H93
391 1
3113
aas
ciuri
liKM
8683
2501
5900
3434
1347
1344
4849
4320
5840
2062
703
4373
6094
54;i8
887
♦6115
♦6116
*6n7
*on8
♦6119
♦6180
♦6181
♦6132
.♦0123
♦0124
♦6125
♦612()
♦6127
♦6128
♦6129
♦61.30
♦6131
♦6132
♦6133
♦6134
♦6135
♦6136
♦6137
♦6138
♦0139
♦0140
♦0141
♦6142
MIscellanebiiH cinssrcferences.
All surrendered to Mahomet. 2588
Athletic training of Spartan w.l817
Beauty-Dangerous-Mahomet. .3242
" endangers them. 2211
" " " 3973
" " 4803
4536
4329
1858
492
5791
1001
6015
3074
34S5
1150
37%
" coveted by w.-Ellz.
" endangered by w.
" common-Flemings.
Branded on the cheek.
Community of w.-Persians.
Compassion shown by w.
Compassionless-Am. Indians.
Competition In beauty.
Contented with trifles.
Cowardo desplMd by w.
Cruelty to captive w.-Franks.
Degraded among Roman!).
" standard of w.
Devotion to w.-Kiilghts.
Discrimination apilnst w.-li.
Dishonored by divorce laws.
1334
1700
1H03
8H0(>
lil«5
17(H)
.. .. .. •• j^f,.,
" -Mahomet. 4210
Disparaged by drinkers. 8984
Disrespect for w. -Fred. Wm. 1672
Dress restricted by law. 4611
Elusive- Indian fable. 8397
Enemies of woman. 3843
Enraged In war-Cirabrlans. 1550
Enticements of vicious w. 3243
Equality of w. in religion. 6124
Fury at disguised man. 1052
Gallantry to w.-Eog. rulers. 2264
Gentility of w. by restraint. 3.148
In Heaven-Mahomet. 3992
Honored by Am. Indians. 2008
Imitation of w.-Theseus. 2120
Indignation at disguised niau. 1651
Influence of abandoned w. 6222
" w. -Mistresses. 4487
Intoxicated w.-Nobillty of Eng.2932
Labor of royal w. 6149
the Laborers-Savages. 2598
Obvjdlenf-.e of Chinese w. 1410
Opposition of w.-" Hot water. "4107
Ornaments, Love of-Romans 3419
" -Indians. 3961
Patriotism of w.-Am. Colonies. 3914
Preaching of w.-Illdone. 4397
Protection for w. 6217
Rebellion of English w.-Soap. 4028
Ruin plotted through w. 2323
Soldiers in w. -Crusaders. 6142
" " "-Mussulmans. 6143
" " " -Dahomey. 6140
Success of degraded w.-Eng. 1803
Suffer by Intemperance. 3931
Tribute In Chinese w.-Huns. 5713
Vice of men, Indifferent to. 3468
Wine prohibited w. -Ancient. 6011
" " " -Romans. 6014
Wise pacification by w. 2689
Zeal of w., Religious-Quakers. 4139
See ADVENTURESS.
Remarkable a.-Fope Juan. 6039
Succossfal a. -Lady Reves. 1171
See CONCUBINES.
Passion for o.-Elagabalus. 960
Power of Persian c, 959
See LICENTIOUSNESS, MAIDEN,
MARRIAOE and MOTHER
in toe.
Supers! It lous w.-W dst Indians.*6143
See MIRACLE and MYSTERY
in loo.
WORD.
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Power cf a w.-Artam Clark. 1181
" " Mahomet's w.-Moon.3633
H^ORDS.
Backing for w,-Lysander. ^0144
Hasty w.-Henry II. »ei45
Origin of w.-" Sandwich." ♦6146
Thrilling w.-Bp. Latimer. *<iU7
Miscellaneous cross-referouces.
Disease affects use of w. 164P
Hasty w.-Contritlon for-H. II. 8680
Memorial in noble w. 6147
Verbiage of diplomacy. 1608
See WATCH-WORDS.
Contrast In w.-I'uritans and C. 6818
Sec LANUUAOE m lou.
WOWtWL.
Change In w.-Southey.
Dignity In w.-Royalty.
End of w.-Beda.
Llfe-w. of Columbus.
Silent w.-S. A. Douglas.
♦6148
♦0149
♦6150
♦6151
♦6153
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Charity In the form of w.-J. II. 780
Noble w. of dull man. 2907
Overwork-Fatal-Fulton. 1602
Perfected is lasting Virgil. 2341
Posterity con- Idered In w. 3270
Relieves the mind In adver8ity-S.91
Rewards of pious w.-Mahomet. 862
Survives the worker-Shakesp..2686
See EMPLOYMENT and LABOR
in loc.
UrORKERS.
Wanted-Colonists. *6lliS
Worth of w.-Oxen. *6154
IVORKRIEN.
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Intemperance injures w. 2921
Regard for w.-Church-bulldlng. 865
See APPRENTICES.
Abused by labor and whlppine- 798
" " overwork. 799
See ARTISANS.
Capture of a.-SUk-weavers. *351
Wages of a.-England, year 1680. ♦352
See LABORER.
IIonored-Abdolonymus. ♦3122
Impoverished- English. ♦3123
Abused-Apprentlces.
798
overworked.799
Oppressed by legislation.
6665
tk t( 44
6666
" Union Soc.
5663
Women the 1. -Savages.
2598
See LABORERS.
Despised by Normans.
♦3184
Ignored-Magna Charta.
♦3125
Mutilated by Theodorlc.
1VORK.S.
Good -Zoroaster.
Judtification by w.-Luther.
ItORIiD.
Origin of w.-Thales.
164
♦6155
♦6186
♦81.57
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Abandoned for a convent-L. 168
Renounced for Christ. 2538
by Bernard. 2070
" Monks. 3683
3084
" " Ascetics. 369
Renouncement of the w. p'stp'd.463
See CREATION.
Theory of c.-West Indians. 2709
\\^
>■ I'jiwM*"*?^^.."-
%
WOKLDLINESS-YOUTII.
957
164
lVORi:.Dr.INE88.
Rebuked-Soorates. ♦6158
See AVARICK and FASHION
in loc.
WORSHIP.
Apostates from w.-Samarlt'ns.
Cheerful w. In adversity.
Constrained w.-Heathen.
Dreadful w. -Druids.
Enforced-N. E. Puritans.
Idolatrous w. -Ancient Uer.
of Images-Early Church.
Perilous w.-Jerusa!em.
Retreat from w.-Jeff. Davis,
of Solenoe-Tlmour.
Substitute for w.-Sentlments.
•ei.TO
•6160
♦0161
*616d
*6163
•6164
•6165
*01(i6
•6167
•6168
•6169
Miscellaneous croas-references.
Amusement In Pagan w.-R. 846
of Animals by Egyptians. 4607
Calamity unites In w. 2144
Capital crime In Scotland. 4393
of dhrlflt the Son-Illustrated. 825
Crime of w.-Scots. 4121
Cruelty in w.-Drulds. 1374
False w.-Arlstotle. 6373
Folly In w.-Saored goose-Goat. 64.51
Heathen w.-Brahmln. 3705
Hindrances overcome w. 473;l
Horror mingled with w. 4630
Idolatrous w.-Roman. 3085
Ignorance In honest w. 3374
in Ignorance, True w.-Am. Ind.2378
Interference In w. resented-F. 508
at Mecca-Mohammedan. 5343
Misdirected w.-Plcture vs. C. 2730
Pagan w. copied by Christians. 3731
of Personal Christ-Erasmus. 836
Prescribed-England, year 1664. 375
Protection of Legislature. 3301
of Reason-French Revolution. 4634
Restrained-Puritans. 4138
of Sacred stone-EIagabalas. 5343
" Saints introduced. 6013
" Self-Callgula. 1.363
Sun w. by Persians. 5432
Tenderness In w.-Joan of Arc. 2116
Trifles in Pagan w. 4870
Voting to determine w. 58.59
of Woman by chivalry. 6111
Se« ADORATION.
Human a.-Greek emperor's. *59
Human a. of Diocletian.
See DEIFICATION.
of Caesar-Romans.
" Heroes-Ancient Greeks.
" Self-Alexander in India.
See HOMAGE.
Disgusting h. of James II.
(Jnsurpassed-S. Johnson's.
Refused by Crusader.
40 Vanity of Diocletian.
" " " Greek emperors.
See KNEELING.
to God only-Alex. Murray.
Disgusted by king's k.
See LITURGY.
Opposed by Scots.
Opposition to l.-Soots.
26
2057
3511
3753
•2590
♦3591
891
26
59
•3085
2590
•8323
6133
♦48n
See RESPKOT.
Beneflclal-Samuel Johnson.
See RITUALISM.
HeJccted-CalhoUc-England. ♦4915
Tilfles vitiate sorvl(!0. ♦4685
Sif CHUKCII. DEVOTION, IDOLA-
TRY, I'RAYEK, PREACHING ami
REVERENCE in tuc.
WORTH.
Moral w. of Louis IX.
•6170
Minoellitncuus cross- references.
Eminence by w.-II. Wilson. 1808
Work brings w.-Oxen. ol54
See EXCELLE.N'CE iM loc.
IVOiJNDS.
Honorable w.-Tlmour.
" " -Sertorlus.
" -in Front.
♦0171
♦0173
♦6173
M iBccllancous cross-references.
from Friends-" Stonewall " J. 2336
Honorable w.-Perslans at Petra.i''13
Indifferent to w.-Phlllp. 5915
Sec MUTILATION,
of Agriculturists by Theodorlc. 164
by Cowards-Romans. 5i40
Punishment by m. -Scots. 5791
Revenge by m.-Coventry. 48,57
Solf-m. for deception. 53-!8
Soldiers supported by State. 5^'13
WRATH.
Crosareference.
Victim of w.-Jews-Aiitlochus. 6106
Sec HATRED and STRIFE in loo.
IVRETCHEDNESS.
Cross-reference.
by Conflagration of Rome. 10,58
See CRUELTY and SUFFERI.NG
in loc.
IITRITING.
Substitute for w.-Cords.
♦6174
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Careless W.-330 W'rds In s'nt'nce6319
Obscure style In diplomacy. 1598
" w.-Napoleoii I. 3963
Offensive style-Greeks. 8;Wi
Sublime w.-" Paradise Lost." 3.307
See CORRESPONDENT.
Burdensome c.-C.'s son-in-law. ^1200
See FORGERY.
Confessed-Deed. ♦2193
Convenient f. -Emperor C. ♦2193
Delusive f.-Wm. P. of Orange. ♦2191
Perilous f. -French officer. ♦3195
Hands cut off for Egypt.
Life saved by f.
Preservation by f.-Assassin.
Shameful f.-Antony.
3100
5713
1543
1237
See LETTER and LIBEL in loc.
WTRONG.
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Neither give nor take w. 2873
Suffering w. vs. Doing w. 4188
See INJURIES in loc.
YEAR.
Lengthened by Ctesar. *6l'<i
New y.-ImpresBlve. ♦OIT?
Miscellaneous cross-rererences.
Beginning changed. 1130
Calendar changed -Ciiisar. 690
Kcflectlons of new y. 1396
YOVNO WIAN.
Unpromising y. m. Pale. •6178
Miscellaneous cross references.
Ambitious for discovery.
Converted-H. D. Gough.
Dangerous y. m. -Catiline.
Dissipation kills " Ward."
Genorous-BenJ. Franklin.
Genius in y. m. -Raphael.
" manifested in y. m.
" shown early-Newton.
-Peter.
Gratitude of y. m. -Marriage.
IIonored-Honry Clay.
" by office-Houston.
Ingenlous-Elt Whitney.
Intrepid-Son of Margaret.
Marriage helps fortune.
" -lU-chosen-Wldow.
" " -Shak'sp're
Maturity of mind In y. m.
Misjudged Idleness of.
Opening for y. m. -Providential
Patriotism of y. m.-Tlmour.
I'erlls of y. m. -Gambling.
Profligate-Emperor Carinus.
Ruined by associates- II. 's son
" drlnk-Poe.
Successful y. m.-Com. Perry.
YOUNG IflEN.
Conquest by y. m.- Colonies.
Deeds of y. m. -Napoleon.
Energetic y. ra. -Brutus.
Patriotism of y. m.-ClvU War
" " " -Stamp Act
Success of y. m.-Tlraour.
Triumphant-Isdac Newton.
Visions of y. m.-J. Adams.
Work of y. m.-Chlnese Gordon
16.33
1179
1140
3383
3290
346
6673
5395
2.303
8:138
S445
4377
»151
88
1337
3447
!UC&
,3493
480
36:14
.1874
89
2268
1701
378
2914
1989
•6179
•6180
•6181
•6182
♦6ia3
♦6184
♦6185
♦6186
.♦6187
Miscellaneous cross-references.
Adventurous spirlt-J. Smith. 80
Benevolence toward y. m. 780
made Citizens-Ancient Germ'ns 3408
Courage of y. m.-All. 1184
Death of y. m. of genius. 3323
mido Enemies-Clarendon. 4283
Enthusiasm of M. B. Cox. 3643
Helped by reading-room. 4631
Interest In the struggles of y. m.l87
Manhood recognlzed-German8.3409
in Politics disdained. 4383
Pride of y. m.-S. Johnson. 1663
Splrlted-Poverty-Patrlotic. 4357
YOUNG PEOPIiE.
Cross-references.
Devoted to Bacchus. 1038
Sacrlficed-14 Yearly-Crete. 0051
to Save y. p. from Minotaur. 6061
YOUTH.
Ardor of y.-Lafayette. *0188
Attractive y.-Mahomet. •6189
Backwardness in y. •6190
Xi.T t^-ri^.iv
'
958
Capaolty in y.-O. WaHbtnKton.
('orrected -Aristotle.
Oorruptod by Catiline.
Bnemios in y.-Wm. P. of O.
Folly of y.-Ed«ar Allan Poo.
Fountain of y. -Florida.
Genius in y.-Iaaac Newton.
Ilardsblps In y.-d) WasblnKton.
" " " -C. Jororae.
" "-A. Lincoln.
Hope in y. -Mahomet.
Humble y.-Iiomulus.
an Index-Charles I.
Manhood out of y.-P. Cooper.
Mental basis tn y. -Gibbon.
NeKlected-Peter the Great.
Perfecting y.-Swedenborjf.
Preparation in y.-WashlnKton
Presumption of y.-Louts XIV.
Regard for y.-" Rising Sun."
Studious y.-John Milton.
Training of y.-Perslans.
Unpromising y.-A. Lincoln.
Wildness in y.-George MUUer,
♦0191
♦oioa
♦eii«
*0I94
♦6195
•6196
♦6197
♦0198
♦6199
♦6-«0
♦6801
♦6308
♦62a3
♦6804
♦6205
♦0206
♦6207
.♦6208
♦6809
♦6210
♦6811
♦6218
♦6213
♦6214
MbcellaneouB crosa-refcreuccs.
Abilities shown in y. by Alex. 6
in y. of Sciplo. 129
Ability in y. of Charles XII. 144
Adversity in y. overruled. 1785
" "-G. Washington. 1784
" " " " 1788
' -A. Lincoln. 1787
Affections of y.-Isaao Newton. 108
Ambition in y.-Themistocles. 189
' study^-Jones. 1776
" "-Charles XII. 3268
Blemished by gray hair. 8499
Brave in death-Covenanter. 656
" y.-Black Prlnce-15 years. 470
Choice In y. 3854
Compulsion of y.-Combe. 4485
Conspiracy of y.-Roman. 3839
Conversation, Instructed by. 8188
Conversion changes evil y. 2351
Corrected In later life-MUller. 878
Curiosity in y.-A. Lincoln. 8272
Destruction of Gothic. 6003
DetermlnaUon in y. 1563
not found.
Friend of y.-Peter Cooper.
Happy y. -School-days.
Hypocritical y.-Augustus.
Impressions in y.-Wm. P. of O.
" " -Cruelty.
Impressiveness of y.-Demosth.
Instructed In laws.
Invention in y.-"Mule."
Knowledge In y., Thirst for.
Labor In y.-Thurlow Weed.
Life-plan made In y.-Milton.
Lover In y.-Napokon.
-Byron.
Marriage in early y.
" " " "-Isabella.
' -Mahomet.
Mathematician in y.-Colburn.
" " "-Pascal.
Mechanical taste in y.
Ministry in y.-R. Watson.
Mlsgovernment of y., Howard'8.411
Neglected education of y. 1808
-Rulned-E. A. Poe. 5032
Objection to y. removed. 144
'* " " " by votes. 129
Observation in y.-H. Miller. 5031
Offences, Lingering regrets for-S.19
Passion for sea-Franklin. 55.58
Precocious- Wm. P. of Orange. 5673
Presumption In y.-Louls XIV. 6209
" " -Naslca. 2814
" of y.-Pompey. 6210
Promotion in y.-Alexander. 1813
Protected by good relatlves-A. 882
Purpose of y. executed. 8277
ZEAL^
Devotion to y., Teacher's. 6160
DlHcouragements overcome. ;U13
Dissolute y.-IIernando Cortoz. 78
Earnings of y., First- Lincoln. 8661
Educated In patriotism. -Spart. 894
Fearless y.-Benedlct Arnold. 2122
Fidelity In y. rewarded-Drake 5007
Folly of y. considered. 8002
" •' -Goldsmith. .Wfl9
Foreshadows the man. 3404 I
Foundation In y.. Good. 63.S9 |
Fountain of y. in free instlt't'ns. 813 |
1007
1785
5034
42.56
27C'J
2rr4
3949
3164
8986
3096
3181
.3250
3343
3355
3440
3441
8443
3532
3533
2324
3543
3616
Ruined, Undisciplined y. 161S
Sacrlflces in y.-Knowledge. 3005
Sadaessofy., Melancholy. 8563
Si^eptlclsm of y. oured. 2834
.Selected In a drer.m. 1723
Spirited y.-Alberlo the Roman. 607
Study, Devoted to-Napolenu. 4801
" In y.-Isaao Newton. 3100
Surprising y.-Charles XII. 4786
Teacher of y. imitated B037
Temptations in gohool.
Tested-" Win his spurs."
Trained to cruelty.
" for war-Franks.
Training from y.
Trials In y.-Napoleon.
Truant y.-Garlbaldl.
Verdaaoy of y. -Goldsmith.
See CHILD in toe.
ZEAIi.
in Art-Protogenes.
Christian z.-G. Wbltefleld.
Encouraged-A. Lincoln.
Imprudent z.-Purltans.
Ineffective z., John Milton's.
Misdirected z., Religious.
Punished z.-Charles Wesley.
Sectarian z.-James II.
Unre warded-Pretender.
6036
1560
1866
1866
6038
4601
60a3
6030
3681
♦6215
♦6216
♦6217
♦6318
♦6819
♦6330
♦6831
♦6328
♦0233
MlBcellaneous cross-referenceii.
of Affection, John Howard's. 123
In Benevolence-John Howard. 541
of Chrlstlans-Prlmltlve Church. 834
Church-b'lldlngz.-J'wlsh t'mple.863
"-St. Sophia. 866
Convert's z.-Ali-Mohammedan. 1184
Excessive z. for religious pros. 109
Intolerant z. of Bishop Mark. 883
Ministerial z. of Dr. Coke. 630
Pretended z.-Charles II. 2215
Religious z.of women-Quaker8.4129
Woman's z. in religion. 6183
" " reform. 6124
" " politics. 6114
In Worship-England. 4738
See EARNESTNESS in loc.
Note.— To obtain the fullest use of this Index, the reader will follow cross-references to the various
topics in the Index rather than In the body of the work. For example : Under Zeal are the words " See Earnest-
ness in loc." i. i.. See Earnestness in t'i4 index where a collection of topics nearly syaonymoua with "Zeal"
and "Barnestness " may be found.
mmmp
FUNK & WAQNALLS'
Standard
Dictionary
18 everywhere acknowledged
by Educators, Scholars, the
Press, and the Public to be
PURPOSES.
THki BEST FOR ALL
It is the Latest and Most Complete.
Contains 801,865 words, about 75,000 more than any other dictionary ever pub-
lished. More than ip9<50,000 were expended in its production. 'M~ Specialists and
Editors were engaged in its preparation.
I ts Definitions are Clea r an d Exact .
President Milne, of New York State Normal College, says its definitions are tlie
best to be found anywhere. Scores of critics say the same.
Its Etymologies are Sound .
They are especially commended by the Atlantic Monthly, Boston, the Westminster
Gazette, London, Sunday-School Times, Philadelphia, and scores of others.
It Answers Every Question
concerning any word in the English language, that can be asked by scholar oi-
student. The valuable word-finding and grouping system makes it easy to find a
word that is wanted, even though you cannot think what the word is.
It Is a Government Authority.
It is in use in all the departments of the United States Government at Washington,
and all the departments of the Dominion of Canada. Government experts give it
the preference on all disputed points.
It is Adop ted in the Public Schools
of New York City and elsewhere. Its new educational features arc extremely valu-
able in training pupils to a correct use of words, capitals, hjqjhens, etc. Its illus-
trations are superb. Its tables of coins, weights and measures, plants, animals,
etc., are exhaustive, and cannot be found elsewhere.
It is the Most Highly Commended.
Never has a dictionary been welcomed with such unanimous and unqualified praise
by the press, the great universities, and by educators and critics throughout the
English-speaking world. Americans are proud of it. Englishmen admire it."
THE LONDON TIMES: "The merits of the Standard Dictionnry are indispntable and are abun-
dantly attested by a large number of unimpeachable authorities."
THE SATURDAY REVIEW, lyondon: "The scheme and execution of the book arc alike admi-
rable, and our impression of the value of the dictionary grows with everv test of reference. ... In sub-
stantial merit we think the Standard Dictionary decidedly preferable to the uiuch-advertised Century."
THE INDEPENDENT, New Yofk: " It is a noble example iu which the modern tendency to pop-
ularize knowledge has risen to the highest level yet reached."
B. O. FLOWER, Editor of " T/ie Arena," Boston, said, August, lS9r> : "Without desiring to dis-
parage the excellent Century, the International, or Worcester's, I feel it simple justice to the Standard to
Bay tnat in this cane the latest is unquestionably the best Dictionary of the English language."
NEW VORk OBSERVER : " It is, indeed, a prodigious work. . . . The knowledge and experi-
ence of the mo8' !>ble minds of the age in all the departments of art and science, of literature and learn-
ine, have practically been focused, and the result is a dictionary so tliorou<fh in details, so comprehensive
in Its reach, so accessible and intelligible to the student of even average attainments, and yet so satisfac-
tory to the profoondest scholar that it mast be conceded a place before nudreamcd of and till now unlllled."
If no Airent Is In yonr tonvn send your subscription to
FUNK & WAQNALLS COMPANY, 30 Lafayette Place,
Descriptive Circulars will be seat oa nppllcatlon.
NEW YORK.
i'J»'(j_-tU li ..
v\
,■1 ■ •^t■^
^ ,t.
v^
4' ■'•■•;
-:s-..
V
** The Greatest Achievement of Modern Times.
»»
:^^'^.
A MASTEPPICCE
or EDUCATION.
A MASTERPIECE
Of ART AND
SCIENCE.
A MASTERPIECE
or LEXICOGRAPHY.
A MASTERPIECE
or UP-TO-DATE
INEORMATION.
The Funk & Wagnalls Standard DictJonary^
"The greatest achievement of Modern Times." Every wl^pre conceded to be the
wiastenoorfc of the century, tho latest and positively the greatest new dictionary
of the English language. It is the work of over 340 of the most emiiient scholars
and specialists of the world, over 100 of the foremost colleges and universities
were represented on its editorial staff, and more than $000, X) were expended in
its production before a single copy was ready for the market. It has 7.5,000 more
vocabulary terms than any other dictionary. Never was any book welcomed by
such an outburst of enthusiastic praise from the press and public of the entire
world as that which greeted the Standard Dictionary. Already it is everywhere ffte
accepted standard of authority, and is unanimously pronounced the handsomest
and most perfect dictionary ever m.ade. It is unapproachable as a Christmas gift.
THBRB ARB THOUSANDS OP OPINIONS LIKB TUB POLLOWINCHs
THE ST. JAflBS'S BUDQET (weekly edition of the St. James'g Gazette), London, says: " The
Standard Dictionary should be the pride of Literary America, as it is the admiration of Literary England. "
THE NEW YORK HERALD says: " We are free to pronounce it the most satigfactory dictionary
yet printed. . . . This is high praise, to be sure, but it is well merited."
THE JOURNAL OP EDUCATION says: "It will make the world its debtor, and all who write
most praise it evermore. It challenges criticlBm and commands admiration."
PROF. A. a. WILKINSON, Principal Examiner since 1889 in TT. S. Patent Ojfice; "The most
perfect dictionary ever made in any language, and I have them and consult them in six different
■angaages almost daily. The high authority of this dictionary is one of Its most important features.
IshouJa give it preference on all disputed points."
PROF. SAYCE. of Oxford University, England, the Eminent Philologist, says : " The Standard
Dictionary Is truly macnlflcent, and worthy of the great Continent which has produced it. It Is more
than complete. . . . It ia eertaiti to supersede, all other existing dictionaries of the
XlngUsh language."
PRICES.
,'■'■■:■■'•■■*
Hair Ituasla,
Full Russia,
morocco,
In 1 VOL.
In 2 VOLS.
816.00
818.00
18.00
. aa.oo
22.00
26.00
^
Arrangements may be made also for Procuring the work on easy Instalment Payments.
FUNK & \^AGNALLS COMPANY, Publishers, 30 Lafayette Place, NEW YORK.
>5!f-
sr
^ d'V
' "^'.i-'"Sjr'»"7ir,1n;(,/
■-'«»#«PK,
N. Y. HERALD: -"By long oM» th» btat book of Quotatloa$ la txltttaet."
Completed — Thoroughly Revised, Enlarged, and Remodeled.
A Product of the Scholarship ot the Country.
Cyclopedia oi t^ ^
Practical Quotations
THIRTY THOUSAND CHOICE QUOTATIONS EMBRACING
A COMPREHENSIVELY BROAD FIELD OF SUBJECTS WITH
EIGHTY-SIX THOUSAND LINES OP CONCORDANCE, EVERY
QUOTATION BEING CAREFULLY SELECTED, WITH THE
NICEST DISCRIMINATION AS TO ITS PERTINENCE TO
THE GENERAL SUBJECT, THE PROMINENCE OF ITS
AUTHOR, AND ITS PROBABLE DEGREE OF USEFULNESS.
>^By J. K. HOYT-==^-^^
"Whh an Appendix Containing: Proverbs from the Latin, French,
German, and Other Modem Foreign Languag^es, each one followed
by its Engflish Translation. Copious and Convenient Topical Indexes.
PRACTICALLY A NEW BOOK.
The Original Work, Completed in J882, has for Fourteen Yean
met with an Unparalleled Reception. The Present Completely
Revised and Enlarged Cyclopedia is almoot a New Book Through-
out, Containing 13,000 more Quotations, 21,000 more Lines o<
Concordance, besides Other Valuable Features j» j» jt Ji jH
»-mnotb thesb strono merits h<<
N»t Poetry AI«N«, All Quotatimis Date of Birth, The Bmt Authors
Not Prose AIomo.
B«t Jodkiom Mlogliag
•TBotb.
■re Grouped under
Classified Subjects
with Cross-Roferoaces.
^
Nationality, and
Work of the Author
of Every Quotation.
from Shakespeare
to Lowell are
Quoted from.
Thousands of Quotations found
In no other Collection.
Latin Law Terms with Transia
tlons Invariably Given.
^aknpearian Quotations Denoted in the Concordance so that they are Immediately
pistinguiifaed— also Quotations from Milton, Wordsworth, Byron, Tennyson, Lcmg-
fellow, Lowell, and Pope. ^^ ^„, ^^.
FUNK & WAGNALLS COMPANY, Publishers, 30 Lafayette Place, New York.
\t-
\
\
^'
3. .';,-
'I
7-^
^PiiP
i
^:>'?>'
V-" - ■
*i-I^'
^^^^
•■;«^
• w
'T'V*-
v
*"'
*". •■ V
■^' *'..
\^.
■■•. ■^
^■■s
c«^-
>s»
^,
4>■^a
•cs J.
:^^;
diMlk
B08T0N Post. — " The Only Standard Book of V^iotatiu.'ui.
The New Edition Cnntalns Evary DcairabU Quotation Pound in All Othar
Coilectionk, Haaidca an Immrnsa Amount of Exclualvc Malarial. .
'p]^VWi''
^ 9
of Practical Quotations
'« v^,"'
-Ittm
JLm
• Tb* Wtodoa of tlw WIm and tiM I«p«rl«Ke of Afoo May bo Pro«orvo4 hi a QootatMO."
AN INVALUABLE BOOK FOR LAWYERS, EDITORS, AUTHORS,
SPEAKERS, MINISTERS, AND ALL INTELLIGENT MEN AND
WOMEN WHO WISH TO BEAUTIFY AND STRENGTHEN THEIR
J» J» J» J$
SPOKEN OR WRITTEN WORDS BY APT QUOTATIONS.
. »
"A great man Quotaa bravely, and will not draw on hia
' .r^. Invention when hit memory aervea him with a word aa good."-
Representative Men and Leading Perlodkale Believe lliis Booit ShoM he
Wlthio Easy Heach in Every libfaty. Read a Few of tlie Opinions .
the It»H»€ of X9p"«»*mttiHvtsj
■I- /
\ ,
.*•
Thfi SpriHgfitlS [Ma«.] Jtepubticon :
"It Ib no abaolutoiy Indispenitablo. . . . 'Wiion
it comes to eatlmatlng tlf comparative nierita of
quotation (lictlonarira, the newipHper is in an
excellent position to pass judgment ; and in the
case of the Iloyt-W'ard CycloMdIa onr Judgment
is one of timphatlc coinmfudauou, . . ."
Th» A*«M* Tvrk Herald :
"It Is by long odd« the best 'Cyclopedlu of
(Quotations' in existence."
The BoetoH Globe: '. '^^^f 'l-.C
" Ono of the most valnable boohs of the times ;
—a volumn indispensable to the man of haters,
and one which shoald be in the library of every
.reader."
The Inter Om«m, Chicago :
" A rich mine of mformation open to every in-
quirer, and bewildering to none,"
The Preee, Philadelphia:
" A rich Htnrehouse— any one who dips Into It
will place It among bin weli-ckoson books.''
The Sau I'ranMeeo Chronicle:
" A work which tio one who does literary work
' an afford to do without."
The nttebwrg Cominereidl Qanette:
" A monument of reseanh, Industry, and learn-
ing,"
w
wmsfom. COVER dcsign by GCORCC WlbUirON eowarss. rubrkattd titu pmk.
JKw*. MmnoI J, Jlmt'^oll, nat-ffptaher of
Ui - - -.
■"HncIoBoil find check fur "'>pv ••' •':f lojx,'; ,
of QnotuUoiis.' I am ninch piiaBcil itii ii. I
•'ousldfr it. the best iMok of gMiUtionii whicti I
have secu."
/Tom. WreterUik T. iS^Unghuyiimti'i'y^
"The authoro hnve overt'oim.tli»' dIfflciil'JcfTh
the way of prn<liiclne a book Qf useful and Int*".-
etting reference vliich goea over uiiW<g|pt|iul In
a new w»y." : "'''^*'"' '
6«f». StHort X. Woodford: '■'"■"
" It Hi'cms to OB the most complete and accu-
rate work of the kind I liavn ever eccu. bucb i*
book Is almost invalnable."
Hon. Geo. JP. jr<l«»ON€lc, em- V. 8, Senator ;
" Your ' Cyclopedia of Quotations ' la the mrii<t
complete and "best work of the kind with wliich I
am acquainted. The arrangement and clatMiiflca-
tlon kre admirable. ... It deserves a place on
every library table."
Hon. Abram 8. Hewitt, of Ifew York :
" A work indispensable to aothors, schoiarie, and
speakers. The completeness of the indesM is
simply jatonishlng ; and altogether the desitrti In so
•vellirxocnted m to loave powibg to bo desired on
the part of those wbo mar hav* occarioa Ift And
or verify aqnotation. Ana who to itotn wko ha*
not such Med f*^
iflfOf },205 ]>a«et. Net Pricea. Backiaoi, $6j00; Law Shetp, $&00( Half lKgrocaO|
/$I0.00j FuH IVfofoa^ $12.00.
FUNK & WAGNALLS COMPANY, Publishers. 30 Lafayette Place. NEW
■r.
f:
.•■i*i* * ;1
. 'J ■«!**
i
■^
im
\
{
th. £
• •'