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COLONIAL EMIGRATION SOCIETY.

THE EIGHT HON. LOED LYTTBLTON.

fBUt-l^ttiintntJt.
THE EIGHT EEV. THE BISHOP OF WOECESTEE

THE EIGHT HON. LOED LEIGH

W. SCHOLEPIBLD, ESQ., M.P.

dLammitttt.

CAFTAIN CI<AEKE, E.E.

ME. P. EDELSTEN
„ H. ELWELL
„ CLEMENT GIBBS
„ J. E. BOTCE
„ CALEB LAWDEN

DE. LLOYD

ME. J. B. GAUSBY

J. O. MASON

HENEY EOTTON

S. TONKS

L. COHEN

ME. ALEX. FOEEEST, Queen Chambers, Cherry Street, lirmiiighain.
^onarati' €te&ivixzx, »an*ert.

ME. EDWAED GEM. MESSES. LLOYDS.

^rcretars (fva ttm)
ME. JOHN BATE.

OBJECTS OF THE SOCIETY.

To disseminate information on the subject of Emigration.

To assist intending Emigrants by information and advice.

To make arrangements for the passage of Emigrants to the Colonies. ^

To make advances, by way of loan, vrhenever the funds of the Society shall permit, to Emigrants, for

their outward passage. . r i ■

To correspond with the Colonial Governments in referer. to the labour requirements oi thfeir

respective Colonies, and the classes of Emigrants needed ; and to obtain their co-operation and

support.

To carry out these objects, the Committee appeal to the nobility, gentry, and inhabitants
generally of the vast district of which Birmingham is the centre, confidently anticipating for the
undertaking the support it deserves.

To the mercantile classes the Committee desire to point out the increasing commerce which
mmt result from the development of our Colonies; in proof of which it has been ascertained that our
South Pacific Colonies take from us in imports for every man, woman, and child of their respective
populations, on the average, from £8 to £10 per head per annum, while the United States werv. only
customers to us in 1859 (before the war began) at the rate of 178. per head.

To the ratepayers they say, " Help our sur abundant population, and prevent them froBi
becoming paupers, by the advice and assistance it w i be the province of this Society to supply."

From our inland position, correct information on the important subject of Emigration is
difficult to obtain. The numerous inquiries made, since the Meeting* was held at the Midland
Institute, show the interest felt in it here to be as great as in other parts of the kingdom ; und
there is not a doubt that the Colonies will gladly co-operate with a society estabHshed on sound
principles, whose aim will be to send the " nffht people to the right place" for their benefit equally

with our own. i j- a- r

It is not proposed to gi\G free passages, but to grant assistance by lonm, at the discretion ot
the Committee, to deserving Emigrants; and it is hoped the Society wiU, in a few years, have
at its disposal a Benevolent Fund sufficient to compass a great and constantly increasing amount
of good. As it will materially aid the undertaking if the Colonial Commissioners, who attended the
preliminary Meeting, are in a position to inform their different Gcvemmentd, on returning to the
Colonies, that the Society has commenced its operations, the Committee earnestly impress on
all able and willing to assist in this good work the importance of not losing time in raising the
necessary funds.

.. ,, , . , , , Signed on behalf of the Committee,

Birminghan .September, 1862. EDWAED GEM, Chairman.

' The Preliminary Meeting, held on the 20th of August, was presided over by H. Mantoi', Esq., Mayor of Birmingham, and attended by au
iunuential company of Merchants and Maniil :cturers. Lokd Lyttelton was present, and also the following Reprpsentativea of the Colonies
to the International Exhibition— Hon. B. Wiiiu. Nova Scotia; B. Chambebi-ain, Esq., Canada; Sbdqwick Cowpeb, Esq., New South Wales;
F. O. Knioht, Esq., Victoria ; Captain Baoot, South Australia; and Dr. Millioam, Tasmania.

4^4

COLONIAL EMIGRATION.

To the Secretary of the Colonial Emigration Society, Birmingham.

My DBA.B Sib— Deeply impressed as 1 have Iodk been with
the vast importance to the present and future prosperity of
England's trade and commerce, of a well-directed course 'oeing
given to the inevitable emigration of large numbers of her
workinK population, I hail with excited hopes the move in the
right direction now being made in Birmingham, and I trust
your good example will bo followed by the other large manu-
facturing towns, and also that your and their riertions will not
be contined to the dissemination of information to intending
emigrants respecting the colonies to which it may be desirable
they should go, but that they will bring their pwerful in-
fluence to bear uiKm their representatives in T^.':ament, so as
to elicit its attention to this important question vith the view
of inducing Citovernment to take the part it ought to do in as-
sisting emigration to the (.'olonios.

England exercises a perfect and uncontrolled empire over the
entire of Southern Africa, as well as over the vast continent of
Australia and its dependencies, together containing a surface
vastly exceeding in extent both Europe and the United States,
every portion of which that is South of the tropic
of Capricorn, experience has proved to be admirably
suited ror the Anglo-Saxon race, as well as being par-
ticularly pioliflc under the cultivation of that race of
everything that Europe requires for the ease, comfort, and sup-
port of its over-crowded population. And if we look forward to
that which must be the result of increasad population in these
countries, or consider what they now might have arrived at, if
if the emigration of the last ten years had been fostered
and assisted so as to direct a far larger proportion
of it in that direction, enough may be learned to
show that England has indeed a »ery deep interest in the course
taken by emigration from her shores. It is much to be regretted
that her people should treat this question with such great in-
difference, and that even those who would most benent by its
proper direction, the master manufacturers, appear to pass it
by as a matter in which they have no interest whatever.

That such is the case may be gathered from the silence indi-
cative of assent with which the House of Commons, on a late
occasion, received Mr. Adderley's assertion " that England ought
not to bo chargeable with the cost of the Emigration Commis-
sion, inasmuch as it is a matter in which she is in no way con-
cerned." Even in the teeth of this assertion of Mr. Adtterley,
it will not be very difficult to prove that England, and more
particularly England's manufacturers, have a very d(«p interest
in the course taken by her emigration ; for to say that emigra-
tion is not wanted, or that it caii be intercepted or prevented,
is just sheer nonsense. It exists , it has existed, in a steady
stream, for more than forty years; aiid as well might tije
attempt bo made to intercept the outflow of the Thames or the
Mersey, as to stop it. Such beinn the case, would it not be wise
to endeavour to direct its course into those channels most fi'uit-
ful in benefits to the country it flows from P

Every manufacturer is fully alive to the fact that, perhaps, his
greatest source of anxiety is to be found, no' i his powers of
producing, but in findfnw markets for his goods when made ;
and yet, strange to say, the power England possesses of cre-
ating vp.lup'/le and permanent markets, by well directed emi-
gration, docs not appear to have commanc. A the least atten-
tion.

Prom the statistics of emigration and exports the following
•may bo gathered :—

Fully three-lifths of the emigration from England for the last
forty years has been to the United States, the population of
which in 185'J had grown to about thirty millions.

In that year they imported from England to the value of
£26,200,000., being at the rate of about 17«. for each person.

The number that emigrated to the Australian colonies must
have been much less than a million, for in that year their entire
population did not exceed that number; and in that year their
imports from England amounted to £16,000,000., which gives
just £18. for each person.

Now as these have baen about the most important markets
for English manufacturers that England possesses, and as each
emigrant to the last named is a customer to many times I he
amount of those to the States, it is very evident that if the
larger portion of the emigrants had gone to the Australian
colonies the benefit to England in a mercantile point of view
would have been incalculably great.

If viewed as to its political bearing on the fortunes of Eng-
land, it will be seen that in that direction siie has been a fear-
ful sufferer also, for every emigrant to the States has gone to
strengthen the hands of lier bitterest enemy ; while the vast
empire she lias planted in the East, and which she has the
power, if she pleases, to expand until it rivals in its proportions
those of the unfriendly States, has been left to struggle onwards
by its own exertions, uuliecded and unaided by the Mother
Country.

You are aware that hitherto the Australian colonies have been
required to sunply the entire of the funds for the import of
labour ; now it is very evident that this is detudedly unjust, for
both the emigrant and Rngland are benefited by the transfer

quite as much as the colonies, and therefore ft would be but
rair th,.t they should bear a proportion of the cost.

It is a well known fact tliat the groat cause of the vast pre-
ponderance of emigration to the States is traceable to the
cheapness of the transit, as compared with that to the more
distant colonies, while it is etiually well known that perhaps a
m^ority of intending emigrants wouii I ifladlv go to the latter
if they could get there for the same moiiey. If, then, England
will (as in justice both to herself and the other parties con-
cerned she is bound to do) bear her toir proportion of the
additional costs, the colonies will gladly contribute theirs, and
a steady and abundant supply of the unemployed labour of
this cjuiitry may be transferred to those places where its ser-
vices are required, and 'vhere the remuneration it will receive
will bL' such as to place it in a state of comparative alflucnco
tliat will enable it to become a customer for British exports to
many fold the amount it ever had been or would be in any other
country.

But it is not only through extended markets for her manu-
factures, that England is benef ted by emigration to aer Aus-
tralian colonies, for it must not be overlooked that she receives
from them some of her most important sujiphes of raw material,
which places her in a commanding position in the markets of
the world, to say nothing of their ^old, which has taken go pro-
minent a part in advancing her prosperity in latter years. The
vast importance their supply of wool has arrived at is too well
known to require comment. Their copper, lead, and tin, also,
of which there is no other limit than tuo quantity of labour
applicable to their production, already exercise a beneflcial in-
fluence on her manufactures, partioulariy the first of them.
This is well understood botl' in Birmingham and Shoflicld,
where the excellence of the Australian copper is fairly estimated,
and its controlling influence on the copper market must be
beneficially felt.

Another important channel for usefulness t" England of her
Australian colonies now presents itself in the protiuction of
cotton, and there is no reason to doubt but that the skill and
energy which have hitherto been disployed in these colonies
in their other undertakings will prove successful in this also.

The idea so generally entertained that so-called cheap labour
is indispensable for the production of cotton, so a-i to compete
with that grown by slave labour in America, is a very great
mistake, and fearfully injurious, as throwing doubt and diffi-
culties in the way of those who would engage in its production
in other countries.

Slave labour is very far from cheap, although no wages are
paid ; hut when the capital sunk in the purchase of slaves, their
maintenance, clothing, and keeping in sickness and in health,
in infancy and old age, are all taken into account, together
with the comparative small amount of work by the few out of
an establishment that are employed in the fields, it will be
found that slave labour is neither as cheap or profitable as free
—even at th» high ratet paid for the latter in the free states of
America, or in Australia.

The few specimens of Australian -grown cotton row exliibited
in London prove incontrstably the suitableness of its 8o;I and
climate for the production of a very superior article, and all
recent accounts show that all the colonies are quite alive to the
subject, and were preparing to try its cultivation to an extent
that will at once determine whether it will be generally success-
ful. If these trials prosper, wo may be assured that in the
following year it will occupy a large portion of the time and
attention of all the agricultural population, for, fortunately,
the season for cotton cultivation will not in any manner inter-
fere with the cultivation of grain, but will, in fact, furnish
employment ;>.t times when, at present, they find little
to do. Ploughing and seedtime for grain are in the
months of April, May, and June, hay harvest in No-
vember, and that for grain in December and January.
Cotton will be cultivated in August and September,
and gathered in March. Machinery will bo certain to lend
its powerful aid in all the manipulations to which the cotton
will have to be submitted, so that no diminution in the present
rates of wages ruling in these countries will be necessary to
enable 'ts cultivators to produce it at a price that will enable
them to compete in the English market with that received fVom
America.

If you think the above remarks woriny of publication, you
are perfectly at liberty to make use of them, but ns piBctice is
better than precept, I avail myself of this opportunity to enrol
myself as a member of the society now in course of formation in
Birmingham, and send a cheque for £5. as my first year's 8u^•
scriiition.

I am, ray dear sir, faithfully yours,

0. H. BAGOT,

fli

I of South Australia-

International Exhibition.

International Exhibition, London,
South Australian Court,
Sept. 1st, 1862.