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Hiouse of Commotts debates

FOURTH SESSION-SEVENTH PARLIAMENT

SPEECH

SIR JAMES A. GRANT, M.P

OTTAWA, FRIDAY, 16th MAUCH, 1894

^1>

fv^

Sir JAMES GRANT, Mr. Speaker, wttUiu
the year that has just passed two very im-
portant events have ti-anspired. We liave
parted with one representative of Her Ma-
jesty, and we have received the nobleman
who recently ai-rived amongst us and is the
present representative of Her Majesty in this
Domuiion. Durhig the sojourn of Lord
Derby and Lady Derby in tliis country they
endf ared themselves to the people, and he,
by his wise judgment and discretion, by his
long practical experience as a legislator and
his occupancy of important positions
in the Government of Great Britain, so
discharged the serious responsibiUty of pre-
sldhig over the destinies of this great Do-
minion as to reflect gre?*^^ credit on himself
aed to carry bacli to England the warmest
possible regards of the people of this country.
As for Lady Derby, she endeared herself to
everyone with whom she came in contact.
She took an active interest in our people, in
our institutions, in everything that tended
to the welfare of our people, and in leaving
Canada she left behind her tangible proof
of the work s1h» was desirous of acco'mplisli-
ing, the estal)lLshment of rai institution in
the capital of tlie Dominion known as the
" Stanley lastituto," wliich is a credit to her
name and her reputation. Tlie wish of the
people of this country is tliat in leaving
Canada they may be long spared to enjoy the

ease and affluence which have receudy des-
cended to them, and in doing so I feel satis-
faed that throughout the length and breadth
of Canada there is but one wish that they
may be long spared to undertake works of
practical usefulness which await them in
tlie great centres of England. We have
also received here withhi a very short time
a nobleman and lady. Lord and Lady Aber-
deen, whose names went before them, inas-
much as they lived in Canada for a short
time, and although that period itself was ex-
tremely short, still they endeared themselves
to the people with whom they cjime specially
m contact hi that Garden of Eden, as I might
call it, Hamilton, one of tlie cities of Ontario
so t:iat when they left Canada there was a
unanimous wish felt among the people
tliroughout the country that we might be so
e.vtremely fortunate .-g to have them here as
rc^^prm^uting Her Majesty. "The Grand
Old Man, whom I am sorry to say is now
languishing from sickness, and has been
obliged to leave tlie leadership of that great
party over which he presided, in his Judgment
and discretion selected to come to Canada a
nobleman who was Viceroy of Ireland, and
wlio so distiuguislied himself in that
po.sitiou as to endear hhnself to
every irLshman in that grand old
emerald isle, where to-day the sham
lock grows so sweetly ami luxuriantly.

'y.^^-^m.s.t mm 'm tfM i.immrr

We rely upon it that not only will the re-
presentatives of that Ireland, which we all
delight to honour, but all the people of Can-
ada will receive at his liands that degree of
Justice which is bound to flow from any re-
presentative sent to Canada by Her Majesty,
as on every occasion she selects the
best man possible to preside over
the destinies of this important and
conspicuous portion of her domain.
As for Lady Aberdeen, we know her well.
She takes, also, a deep interest in om- people,
la our institutions, and in everything that
appertains to the welfare of the country.
I am sure that when, in the ordinary course
of events, the time arrives for Tlieir Excel-
lencies to leave Canada, our people will
heartily say, God-speed to the Governor
General and his lady, who have so largely
contributed towards the happiness, the gem-
fort, and the prosperity of the Domfqidn.
Mr. Speaker, I rise with no ordinary Ae&lqe.
of pleasure to move the address in resUbJigt
to the Speech from the Throne. Althotigli
twenty years have elapsed since I before •J^*-:'
the honour of occupying a seat in this Ohatfi-'
ber, I still undertake this duty with a ct)Jf-'
siderable degree of hesitancy, inasmuch ah'
I am fully aware that within that time therfe'
have been extraordinary advances made in
every line of thought, and particularly in»
the great department of political economy.
As one of the representatives of the capital
of the Dominion of Canada, I fdel satisfied
that the compliment that has been paid me
is more to the people whom I have the
honour to represent, than to myself, per-
sonaUy. Permit me to say. Sir, that, in
making this response to the address, I wish
to crave the indulgence of the hon. members
of this House. Time is an important
factor in estimating the development and
progress of a countiy, and certainly the
people of Canada hav(» reason to feel
proud of what has been accomplished
Avitliln the past twenty years. If we
look around us, in almost overv direction
see tangible proof of that advance

ment. I would ask any sane man who looks
into the various lines of thought and develop-
ment, if he does not observe in this the
full and thorough determination of the peo-
ple of Canada (notwithstanding the difli-
culties tliey have had to contend against)
to maintain the spirit of independence and
reliance on themselves. It all convinces me
that our people are rapidly attaining tlie
point of the maintenance of the true spirit
of national development. I know of no-
thing that has tended more to l)ring our
people together tlian the grand principles of
confeileration. It has cemented tlie various
provinces, it has developed interprovincial
trade and commerce, and it has caused us to
know their legislators, who have been
brought up here from time to time, and who
have taken so active and so energetic a
part in the affau-s of tlils House that—
as the Hon. Sir rlibbert Tupper

pointed out In Hamilton a few days
ago in his admirable address on
"Canadian Footprints "—we look to the
Maritime Provinces as a nurseiy of great
men. These provinces have contributed to
our public Mfe a class of men who have
always taken an active and energetic part
in the advancement of this country. Be-
fore the principles of confederation were
thoroughly carried out, the Maritime Prov-
inces traded with Boston and New York, and
the contiguous portdons of the United States;
but shice confederation what do we find ?
That we in mis part of Canada are
taking their coal, that they are taking our
Hour, that in every way trade and com-
merce has sprimg up between us, and that
by om- interchange of Ideas we are daily be-
coming more closely allied to each other.
The hon. members of this House need not be
told what the Canadian Pacific Railway has
accomplislieii in the progress of our great
eountiy. I might say. Sir, that I hold in my
hand to-day the bill presented to me by the
late Sir John Abbott when he was taking an
.active part on the floor of this House, who
.then expressed his wish to me that I should
\Jitroduce the Canadian Pacific Railway Bill
•He formulated the principles of it, and I had
the pleasure of introducing it on the 20th
'?Ay of April, 1872, and of addi-essing the
.Holise on the importance of that gi-eat high-
.way.. We are to-day reallzhig the Import-
ance, of the construction of that "ailway In
e^&ry sense of the term. We find that trade
and. /commerce have developed to an oxtraor-
diparjT degi-ee. In the p-esent state of de-
pr(?gslon that railway has no doubt diffi-
culties to contend against, as almost any rail-
way on tliis side of the Atlantic has, but not-
withstanding that, I am satisfied that it will
be able to stem the current, to float on as
for years past, and to assist very materially in
the further development of the resources of
Canada. I may say that I know perfectly well
the sentiments expressed by individual.^ wh'
have considered the subject, and they ar
that the shortest route across from the At-
lantic to the Pacific would ultimately com-
mand the oommcrcial supremacy of this
North American continent. We find also
that the Government are now inaugurating a
system of rapid steam commmiication be-
tween Great Britain and Canada, a policy
which will also assist very materially in ad-
vancing our position as a country. Twenty
y(>ars ago, we had only one fine of steamers—
the Allans— and to them is duo a great deal of
credit for what they have doiu> in the
earlier stages of Canada. We know that
It It had not boon for the Allans the
trade of Canada would be in a Imckward
condition compared to what Ic is to-<lay
'ihere are now five lines of steamers sailing
from Montreal to European ports, and we
wdl yet have another line in order to .>nable
us to compete with the great Republic to
the south of us. We have also those magni-
ficent Steamers, sailing from Vancouver to

//^\r/^

Japan, China, India and Australia, and they
will uudoubtodly bring about in time increas-
ing trade with these countries. I rejul the
speech of the hon. Minister of Tiude and Com-
merce regarding his mission to Austrai'.a the
other <lay, antl what a regret came to my
mind wlien I thouglit tliat had the Grand Olil
Chieftain been living he would have clapped
him on the shoulder and said : Well done,
thou good and faithful servant. Mr. Speaker,
I loolc forward to the time when we sha^l
have a large and important trmle with Aus-
tralia. At tlie present time the trade of
that great country is Just what the trade of
Great Brltnin was when Her Majesty as-
cended the Throne. Is not tliat an evidence
in itself of what AustnUia has done t)y the
public spirit and self-reliance of its people ?
And, when we loolc at our products that are
now being expoi'ted there, and the manner in
\\hich our Canadian mowers ami reapers
and other agricultural implements are at-
tracting the attention of the fanners in Aus-
tralia, we see another evidence tliat thefyro-
ducts of Canada, by their superior construc-
tion, will command a marlvct no matter
where thoy go. I believe that it is tlie in-
tention shortly to establish a Canadian de-
pot in Australia. That is a practical idea.,
and the people of that continent will then
kn6w,--a3 they are shortly going to know
in England by the establishment of a depot
of a similar character— what are Ganadi'in
products and what are not. AVe know how
often spurious articles are put in the market
and said to be Canadian when tlioy are tiuly
something else. It is right and proper tha't
our public men should so direct tlie current
of trade witli reference to tliese depots that
the products of Canada, no matter
where tliey go, shall be amply and care-
fully protected from spurious Imitations.
I am glad to know that a conference Is
shortly to take place in Ottawa— I believe on
the 21st t)f Juno— when we sliall receive
emissaries from Australia wiio are coming
to exchange ideas with the leading men of
this coimtry, and to see what means can
be adopted for establisliing a more extende<l
trade with tliese provinces. I look frrward
to the day, not far distant, when the various
Australian provlncies will be confederate<l
as are the Canadian provinces ; and when
that takes place, it will not only stimulate
the people there to perfect their internal
government, but also assist them in promot-
ing their foreign trade. "When an individual
wants to accomplish anj-thing, he has tirst
to know liimseif, and then he knows how
to deal with others. So it is with the people
of a colony. They require to know them-
selves, to adopt the principles which
have been found useful in other colon-
ies, and then they can prosper ; and
when the various provinces of Australia
shall be Joined together like the various
provinces of Canada, it will stimulate them
very materially in carrying out those prin-
ciples of trade which we have in contem-
plation. I hope also that the day is not

far distant when we shall have an electric
cable laid between this country and Aus-
tralia. We know that an electric cable is
the trade pulse of the world. AVlien th«
price of a product rises or falls, the fact is
at once telegraphed to the various centres
of the world. We in Canada nee<l to oe
up and doing in this matter if w-^ are to
hold our own ; and I have been vei-y much
pleased indee<l to find that Mr. Sandford
Fleming, a gentleman very well known in
this country for his energy and entenirise,
especially in connection with the construc-
tion of the Canadian Pacific Kailway, should
have gone to Australia on his own perstmal
account, and so stinuilatwl the interest of
the Australians in the matter that, with
reasonable assistance from Canada and Gi-eat
Kritain, I feel satisfied that an Australian
cable M'ill before very long l)e an accom-
pli,shed fact. A great increase has also taken
place 'in the volume of our tnide with the
West Indies. This trade was greatly stimu-
lated by the Jamaica exhibition ; and chiefiv
'iwing to the visit of the Finance Minister
and: the Canadian Commissiomu" to tliat ex-
hibition, Mr. Adam Brown, of Hamilton,
.^ve have thus a large source of revenue from
those islands. Our products have btn^n suc-
■cossful there for the same reason that tliey
liave been successful in tlie gi-eat Chicago
oxhibiti(m. We know how many prizes have
been awarded to us ; and they have not come
*o us from mere chance or accident,
but as a result of the energy of our farmers
and mechanics; and I am satisfietl that the
products of this comitry when placed in
competition with the products of any other
country in the world, will always be 'able to
stand the test and maintain an equallv high
standard. We have also had the enormous
steamers of the Canadian Pacific Railway
plougliing our western lakes, and developing
a line of trade there of very great import-
ance. I merely advert to these subjects as in-
dicating tlie great progress of the country, be-
cause they were scarcely known twenty years
ago when I formerly occupied a seat on the
floor of this House. There are pessimists who
say that Canada is going to the dogs, that we
hardly amount to anything, thatour position
is so infinitesimal that we are hardly noticed.
But when we look at the resources of this
covmtry, at the energy of our people, at the
wonderful development of the coimtry in the
last twentj- years, it is perfectly marvellous
how much Canada has to be thankful for,
and we can see that a great future is in store
for our people. We know perfectly well. Sir,
that within the last twelve months an extra-
ordinary financial depression has existed al-
most throughout the entire world ; scarcely
any country has escaped from it ; 'the great
centres cf trade and commerce have been
very materially disturbed. But thanks to the
energy and persever-'^nce of the various peo-
ples in the world, times are now gradually
improving, and I hope the day is not far
distant when the general trade of the world

will iiKii'ch fin-wjinl iiKJiin willi the siiiiic pro-
gress iiiid jKlviiiicciiicut that we liiivc seen in
tlic yciirs tl'.r.t iirc i>nst. Of tlic viirioiis sec-
lions of the world, I do not know iin.v where
this tl'ilde (U'pressioM iliis lieeii fell nioi'e se-
vei-ely Miiin in Anslriilhi. Xeariy every l>nnk
in Auslr.'ilia — I l)eiieve all with the exeeption
of three— went to the wall : and even thos(!
throo were tested to the utmost capacity. 'I'ho
inlliKMice of such a (le|)ression was wide-
spread, and was felt in the >;reat linancial
centres of the world, icirtlcnlarly in lOnKland,
and why V ISecaiise the nioiietjiry men ol'
I'hiKliiiid were indnc(>d to invest, their ca|)ital
in the form of deposits in the vario\is Ans-
tralian lianks, and the collapse c;ime wlien
they least expected it. They were induced to
pnl: their money lliere like m.-my oilier cap-
italists, liy ilie jirospect of hi.uli interest ; and
liiKh inten-;t is never a s;ife investment, 'L'he
conse(|neine was that llie far-reachinu' Vl'l!''«;t>i
of lliat collapse we|-e expel'ienced iir, VATi:-
land. Sncceedin;; tlial .almost imniedi,'i*tj;'ly^ ;
an exii'aordiiiary cycloiu> passed over, ^hu i
linancial institntioiis of lh(> Uniled Stj'v'tes.'.j
They were shaken to their very fomtd'i'
tion ; and noiwithsiandin;; the coliap^J's]
lliat we have witnessed in every (]1J'i
rectioii we lia\'e never tor dill' moment fe.lt
that the iteople ot that ;;reat conntry! '
whom we admire and respi'ct, whose in-
slittitions We have seen urow np almost at'l
onr doors, woidd lonji t';iil to revive. Wo j
have seen liow tliey pa.id off the ;;reat debt '
of tli(> American A\'ar. wlien everybody said
that it conld not lie done ; we believe tliey
are jible to jiay everyihiim' they owe. and
Mill soon be as prosperons ajiain as excr : yet
W(< saw no less than l.'iS ,,t' their national
banks ^-o to the wa.ll, because those banks
Were not established on the same soimd basis
as onr ('.-inadian banks. They did not
possess the same elasticity, and there was
not the same ojiporlnnity of t^eltin;;- money
in a Imrry. Thanks to tlie wisdom and fore-
sifiiit of the ]inlilic men of tliis conntry. our
bankinj: arrangements .are entirely diflVreni ;
.•iii.l. as a consfMpieiice. tin' linancial institu-
tions of onr conntry liave been s.aved from
disiistcr .and have sliown tiie solid and sub-
stantial basis on wliicli they rest. We lind
that to-day the bonds of Canada st.and .as
hijrh in the Knulish market and in otlier
money markets as any (dher secan'ities ; :iiul
this we owe larjiely to the manner in which
the monetary institntions of this conntry
liave been manaucd. Aj;ain. it is a remark-
able fact that in a jieriod of stajination tlie
associated li.anks of .New York siionld have
.accnnndated .Si'.'iiJ.nno.ooo. while, owinj; to ;i
w.-iiit of conlideiice in tlie country aud ii
foelinff of nervousness on the part of' the men
wild held the pui-se-strinKs in the monetary
centres, only !?11.(MH).()(m» were pliiceil
in Kt'iicrai clrcailation from the 1!>th
of August to the i;{th of Sei»teniber.
This is proof positive of the want of o<ai
lidenco tliey had in tli(>mselves. When large
sums of silver wei-e being thrown on the i

market, these who held gold locked it up in
tlieir vanlts, so (h.at this gold, which would
liave b( en. uiKler ordinary circninsiaucoa,
in circulation, was doing no good Avhiitev(>r
to the conntry. Again, it is ti rc.iiarkablo
.act that no less Hum sevetit.v-si.K railways
in the United Slates iiassed into tlie lianil.s
of receivers <inring the jtast ye.ar. Why ?
Uecanse the r.ailw.ay coin|»,inies. althongh
lliey had tlie securities to cover their Indebt-
edness, were mi.able to r.aise money, owing
to this lack of conlideii(|' and of ol.aslicity
in the Ainerican banking system. !ind had to
pass into the hands of receivers. And this
des)iil(> th(> likelihood of
p.ay in the near future,
land, wli.at do we lind '
upon, and with reason
of the linancial world,
which every(Hie goes wlio seeks
scheme and r.aise monev. A\'ell.

their being able to

If we turn to Eng-

V Kngland is looked

as the gre.-it centre

It is the :Mpcca to

to tloal a

in Kngland

we lind tiiat the capital created and issued
in bsp;;, w.as less tli.an one-fourth of wli.-it it
w!i«in 1SS1). l>oes not tli.at show stringency
in the money niiirket V Most assiiredlv it
does. l*,iit I am glad to know tliat in the
jiioiilh of FebriiJiry past the trade .and com-
'merce between Diml.aiid .and Cinjidji has
very niJiterially improved, and is to-day more
't'lian it li.as lieen for .some time, wliich is
proof positive that we .are gr.idn.ally .-fiKl
'Surely working ag.ain into a more successful
Jnlde than we hiive experieiiceil for suue
time iiast. T iii.ay seem. Mr. Spe.alaM". to be
'dra\Ving a ratlier dark picture, but T feel
iWs.^fiiN'd it is but right that AVe should con-
si^ler all these matters, because they afford
ns.'i'a'ugilile proof, if such be retitiirod, of
lli(«.i<*'m;irkable way in which Can.ada has
stood tlie (M-isis. And how iiroud we ought
to be that this coiuilry of ours is now hope-
fully looked forward to by every individual
who wislies to liiiilil up a home for himself
in the \(>w World where he will li!iv(> some
]iros|iect of olitainiiig .an adeiiuati' return
for his labour and investment. In vi(nv of
c(>rt.iin rejiorts whicli have been put in cir-
culaliou concerning tlie great .Vorth-west,
and which may tend to ret.ard the cuiront
of emigration there, it may be well that I
should allude to certain facts r(>sp(>cting tliut
cou.nli'v. .Much of the d<']iressioii in the
provinc(> of .Manitobji. .and ])articularly in
tile Xorlh-west. is due to the low iil'lce of
wlieat. We know perfectly well that wheat
tl.rotighotit the woi'ld is now in a depressed
condition. A large (piantity is growni in
India, llnssiji. tli(> TTnit(>d Stales, and vari-
ous other portions of the worhl. Tn some
Iil.aces it is grown so very che.aiily tli.at com-
petition by us hiis b(>coine extremely dithcult.
r am sure, however, that the lime is not very
Car distant when our farmers will be able to
so diversify their farming oper.ations .as to
overcome this dilHcnlty. The following table
will .show tli(> fluctuations in tli(> value of
wheat growing since 1S!)0. in various
st.Mles :-ln the stat(> of Illinois, the average
value iier a<a'e in I.SOO. w.as .$11.22. Tn 1801
it was .n5.(X) ; in 1SI)2 it was .$11.91 ; aud in

18!);5, $r).(Jl. In .MlHsourl, in 1890, th(> value
of wheat; por aero wnn $18.71. In 1891 It
was $14.(15 ; in 1892 it was $8.04 ; and in
189;'. It wa.s $4.07. In ^Minnesota, wlicat wa.s
woiMli, in l,S9(i. $lo.i'9 iH'V am". Jn 1S91 it
M-as wortli $15.52 per aero ; in 1892. $7.44 ;
and in 1,S9:!, $4.50. In Xortiioni Dalvota. tlic
vainc of an aero of wiicat in lS9i» was $4.83.
In l.stn it was $15.25 In 1892 it was $7.45 ;
and in 189:'. it was $4.;!0. In oni- Nnrtli-wG.st
Ti'iTitorios, it was ralsod fi-oni $<!.75 to $11
per am>. As regards tlio cnltlvatSon of
land, tlio average increase in area of culti-
val)le lan<l in tlio United States lias l)een as
toUows : —

1S71 tolMTr, ;vj |„.,c,.i,t.

1S7.) to ISHO 34 ,|„

issa to IKS.-) ■].( (j„

IMsritoisiia 7 (i„

or ady 1% per cent per year betweiMi 1,8,S5
a.ul l.S'.M). sliowinyr tliat tlie iiniil lias I)een
readied, and tliat tiie iiloneors of rarniintr in-
dustry iiuist turn tlieir attention to (\inada.
A Kreat deal lias iieeii said alioiit our far-
mers ieaviii«- llieir laiKls ainl piinj;- else-
wlier.'. l>ut it Is well to renienihei- dial in
many jiarls of IMiniiesota, lioniesteads were

uraiitiMi to far rs no less than live time .s,

vet to-day tiiat state Is one of tlie most
jirosjieroiis in the rnioii. \\'(. Und to-;Iay
tliat liiiiulreds of American farmers are set-
tliii;; In this country. Ail aloiii;- the Xorth-
west. iiji alioiit Edmonton, tiiey are ooniiii},'
in (iiiie)ly and sleadiiy. and taldim- an nclivo I
part in the dev(lo|uaeiit of liie country. I
lliindreds are tiirniim- their attention to'
mi.\ed farniin--. Iiecaiise they (In I ;liat k'I'W-
in^' wheat alone will not ])ay : and T lind.
from statistics tliat i iiave recenliy olilaiiuxl
from tile Xorth-we.st Government, thai {lu\
prcKluction of tlie farms is as follows :—

Xii. iif I'l'ddiu'iMJ imslii'ls

iiiii sure mat tiiey win niiit:' ni saying there
is a ;;reat future before ttie Nortii-west, and
1 lio|)e tile diiy is not far distant wiien we

tt.OI I... - *.... 41.1.. ..t> ! ! ..1 ..

will have even a grciiter tide of immigration

Ilowing into tliat country than we are new

experieiicinf,'. We iiiiow perfectly well tt.at

tliere are great territories tiiat iiave sciirc.'ly

lieeii opeiU'ii up at all. Tliere is tlie groat

At;iai)a.scii country. Tlianks t(» iho .Minister

of Interior, we liavi' laid recoiitly a

splendid report iiy Dr. .McConneil upon that

(•(Mintry, wiiicii rejiort sliows that there is

tliere an area of over 200 niiies in leiigtli,

wiiicii has lying under it

iiasiii of petroleum. Consii

tills is developed, it will

teiial resources of tiiis c(aiinry, it seems,

at llrst tiioiight, remarl<alile tiiai it suould

liave remained so Ion

it (umld liardly havi

cause tliere w;is no rallwtiy construction

to i;dni(aiton until recently. We ka

I'eiinsylvaiila has don

tlie heiietit of tile United Slates, and wo

may rest assured that, as tiie Atiia-

an enormous
k'r how, wlien
idd to tile nm-

untoiichcd. lint
been otllerwlse, iie-
i|c
*(' Know wiiat
In a tiiiaiiciai \\:\y for

1 1 iu^» X < i^t «i.-^.tiii \_-^L 111(11, «i .-^ I III ■ x\ mil-

liasca country Is deveioiied, it will do as iiiucii
for Canada. Mr. I?o\vell, In his aihiress at

coal oil last ye
the lieojiie of <'
trjide In this re

Funufi-.'^.

:m . . .

L'() .
•M . .

13...
4 ...

i>f Wlii'iit.

•_'ii,(;7i">
. 2i,](;.s

1S,(1S1

. ;f,s(i«

. (J,,")4o
(i!)0

Cattli

241 ;

413

lllli
444

l'if,'s.

ir.2
111

1!I.S

at
bo-

'I'hese statistics, wlilch wiMc gatliorcd
v.irlous points In the Xorth-west, prove
yoiid t'oiibt tlie great agriciiltur.ii develop-
ment whicli Is takiig place in th.at country,
and show tiiat the time is not vorj far
<llstaiit wlien farming will be carried on
tlieiH" its it is now in our eastern countiy,
and tile peojde will not give tlieir atti'iition
entirely to the cultivation of wlieat. The re-
Iiort of :Mr. Crawford of Indian Head, which
lias iieeii sent down recently, sliows the fol-
lowing as re.gai'ds Assiniiioia. 'I'lilrty-tiiree
farmers hacT tlie folhiwing acres under crop :
5,512 acres.

Wlieat prodiiccd
Oats do

Horse* do
Cattle do
Slieei)

134,401! Inisli.

2s,L'r,,s do

378
38(1
448

Pigs 4,015

Poroiito. said iliat Australia look no less taau
I million and .-i ([iiarter dollars worth of
ir. Uow grallfying if wo,
iiiada. could comm.ind the

peel, not (Hiiy of .Vustraiia,

lait also of Chliai. .I;ipan and India, wiiero,
up to tile present time, noihiiig like )K'tro-
leiim has been discovered. We have an
additional siiiiiuliis to the develoiimeiit of
our country in tli(> resources of the Xortli-
west. W(> want to develop ev<'ry iirodnctlve
Industry in our country. We require money
to keep us .going, and, rel.v np(ai it. witli
the resources lieliind us. we lave no reason
to fe.-ir thjit the linaiices of this country will
b(? in any oilier tliaii a prosperous condition
in tile future, as tliey .are at tlie present
lime. As regards the riilted States, permit
me to .say I)efor(> leaving that iioiiit that in
reading Th(> I'\a'uin. only a .short time a.go, I
w;is vny i,;;icli impressed witli an oliservation
m;i<le l)y on-' of liie leading men who is jilso
known as a statistician of the highest repute,
w'ith reference to Canada. ^Ir. David A.
Wells refers to Canada in tliese terms :

In the Doniiiiioa of Cauadii se()iiriitod tenitoi'!-
idly fidin as on the north liy an linagiiiary line,
there lias l)een no i)anie. no iiniisnal (leniaiid for
inoiiey, no stoppage of indiistiies, no lestrietion of
traile, no inert^ased rate of interest ; inslioit, noth-
ing l)eyond the ordinary eonrse of events, except
so far as these events may have lieen intluenced hy
contiguity to wliat may he termed a fiiianeial
cyclone whose jiathway of destnieticai was con-
tiguons l)iit not w itliiii its own territory.

Mr. Siioakor, that oxpr(\sslon of opinion with
reference to Canada and the people of Can-

adii, imd tlio fvituro tirospootH of this country,
from HO iiblc a sttitlstlcliiu as Mr. Wells aiimt
bo oxtrcinoly (•lu-ouniKliiK. It Is lii this
way that tho bwl iik«ii of (ho nt'lKhbouriiiK
rf'ijubllc regard us to-day. 'I'licy aro takluy
lessons from our Inslltullons, tiiey are im-
blbing at our fouulaliis of IcarnlnK, and they
estimate the value of oin- lustltutloiiH by the
prosperity of our peoide. 1 trust tlie day
Is not far distant when they will arrange
tlielr ttir'.it so as not only to meet their own
re(tuirements, and develop tiieir own re-
sources, but also to eo-operafe wlMi us In
udvaneiuK the ^reat prlnelph! of trade on the
North American continent, With reference
to the yreat arbitration which has just been
held, before concluding, permit me to .say
tlmt it shoidd be a source of en-
tire gratitlcation and sjitislnctlon to
tlie peopl(« of this couutrv to observe
it.s residts. Tliere is no doubt the
matter has heeii arranged most satisfactorily
to tlie p(>ople of Canada. We had great
pride in tlu* plenipotentiaries who went from
this country, and we know that th(> maimer
in whicli tliey discu.ssed all the questicms
taat came before tliem, the skill and ability
they displayed won for them distinction, not
only from the people, but from Her :Ma|esty
as well. The great question abov(! all others
in this conference W!i.s tliat of peace, and that
has been accomplished ; peace has been se-
cured. a!il a striking evidence given of the
progress of civilization. We have now pelagic,
sealing ; we have no minr r/mixiiw. We
know that in ISSn-SO there were some half-
dozen vessels fishing in these Avaters which
caught seals onlj- to tlie value of abont .«R1(K>,-
<HH). whereas during the conference some liftv
V(>ssels were engaged, and that trade hail
advanced to about .$50(».(M)(). The Asiatic
and American shores, and to within sixty
md(>s of the Pribyloff Islands ar<" free to us
so that the energy and abilitv of the gentle-
nien M'ho had this subject in charge^ have
afforded our hardy fishermen an op-
portumty of not only materially ad-
vancmg their own interests, but also
helpmg on the resources of our entlr(>
Dominion I foel that this question has
been decided in a manner which the
people of Canada may regard with a
high degree of pride and satisfaction. As
regards the tariff, we know that it
is a very vexed question, and how it
is to be determined this House will
soon know. I have not shared the sec-ets
of any member of the Government, but T
think the people of Canada, living on the
border of a highly protected and industrlallv
(leA-eloped coimtry, snch as the TTnited States
must consider the whole question of the tariff
fully, calmly, and dispassionately. It is not a
question that can be settled in a day. We
must have a revenue to meet oiu- expenditure.
If the principles of free trade were intro-
duced, where should we be ? We should
be m the same position as thev are now in
England, and should be obliged to levy

taxes ur»on our people. In that country
they have an income tax ; no man can
shoot a bird, or even take a f«>ather from
Its tall, without being subj(>ct to a tax ; no
man can catch a fish in any small sti-eam
without being taxed. Hut to-dav in Can-
a(hi, we aro frcH« in these imrtlciUars.
And why ar(> we free V Because thir-
teen years ago tlu; principles of protec-
tion, moderate proti>«'tlon to meet the re-
(pilrements of our i)eople, und to carry on
the alfairs of our country, protection sO'
arranged as not to press uiKluly upon a
community, not to thwart the efforts of
manufactun>rs. but to broa<lly subsorve^
the best Interests of this country, and ad-
vance its material prosperity, were recog-
nized. And 1 feel sure that when the
tariff is brought down, tlu; men of common
sense in the Dominion of Canada will ac-
quiesce in the st>iitlnients which emanate
from those who have authority, and that
the tarltr for this country will be of such a
discriminating character, will ha-o so much
power in its ])rinciples, will so tend to
advance the material Interests of our p(>o-
l>le. as to give entire satisfaction to all
classes of our people. In conclusion, Mr.
Speaker, I'.'t me s.iy that the Dominion
of Canada is a nobh^ heritage which has
descended to us from the achievenuuifs of
the various nationalities which make up our
jieoplc. We have a prosperous country, we
liav(> an energetic, pushing, and self-reliant
I)opulatlon, iind, judging from the traditions
which our ancestors have left us,
I think our own iieople are fully
able to work out their own destiny.
Density of iiopulation or extent of country are
not everything. If we look back over tho
pages of history, what do W(> find V India,
with a population of two hundred millions,
controUetl by a few Anglo-Saxons, China
with as many millions of people as there are
days in the year— what influence do they
exert on the progi-ess of civilization, on the
advancement of society, or in the councils
of the nations ? Brazil and Mexico, with
even a greater population than Canada—
where are they to-day so far as regards their
influence in the world ? When we consider
little Canada, as we are calletl, with our
five millions of people, what do we find ?
We find that a few days ago our plenipoten-
tiaries distinguished themselves at the seat
of learning in Paris, where they met those
other great coimseliors, and they came back
hero having established for themselves a
name and a reputation which lead us to
believe, and which lead tlie people of tlie
world generally to acknowledge, that in
Canada we have a class of men who are
well able to guard our interests and to pro-
tect us in the widest and most comprehen-
sive sense of the term. It is a grand thing
to live in the spring time of a nation ; it
is a great thing to be at the fomitain head
of the great stream of national existence,
flowing on with every season and gaining

momentum with th<> lapse of time. Little
events Hometliucs disturb natlous ; we know
perfotitly well tliat expression of opinions
sometimes Interfere with th(> prosperity of
a country ; and for that reason, no nmttt'r
what Hide of tlie IIouho we oeoupy, bo we
Itefoniier or be we Conservative, we owe
it to our country to i)rotect Its Interests
and Its people ; wc^ owe it to our country
to utter nothing that will be detrimental
to Its Interests, w(« owe it to our country
to Kuard It In every particular, both at
home and abroad. With these Ideas before
us we may rely upon it that the young oak
of Canadian nationality, plante<l but as yes-
terday, will spread out until it extends from
one end of tlie Dominion to the other. Let
us hope that the dew-drop on the very leaf
of the acorn will never generate the sap
of religious antagonism, bigotry or section-
alism, win never develop racial differences,
will never develop anything but what will
tend to advance the l>e8t interests of Canada ;
and In that way, and in no other
way, wo will become bountl to-
gether as one people. When I look around
this Chamber to-day and observe the seats
that were onco occupied by gi-eat men
whose voices are now hushed, it seems to me
that a phonetic power emanates from these
walls to-day that binds us together as one.

When I think of a Macdonald, a Cartler, a
Mackenzie, and a Dorlon, the <iuudruple
powers of Intellect, activity, intelligcmce, and
perseverance ; when I think what these men
did for this country In years past, how they
formed by their energy and ability the very
warp and woof of that structure upon which
to-day rests the (^Ivll and religious lll)t'rtle8
of this country, I feel constrained to ask,
have we not reason to feel proud of what
has t)een accomplished ? I^et us look for-
ward now to a unity of eflort and a unity
of design, and Irrespective of political con-
siderations, with no other object In view
but the advancement of the material inter-
ests of our counti-y, let us perpetuate the fair
name of Canada, lot us endeavour to con-
tinue It as a colony of which the Govern-
ment of Great Britain has reason to feel
proud ; because I feel assiu-ed that among
the territorial dominions of Her Majesty
there Is not one that occupies a higher posi-
tion than Canada. Sir, I wish Its people the
greatest possible degi-ee of prosperity, and
God-speed.

OTTAWA

Printed by S. K. Dawson

Printer to the Queen's Mont Excellent Majesty

18'J4