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 1 2 3 
 
 1 
 
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 4 
 
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 6 
 
""ooeory woiution mr ouun 
 
 (ANSI ond BO TEST CHAUT No. 2) 
 
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 x<PPLIED IM/1GE Ini 
 
 t6U Eott Main StrMt 
 
 ««h«t«r. Mm rorii I4«09 USA 
 
 (7IB) «2 - (WOO - PhonT^ 
 
 (T1S} 2aa-5«eg-F(u 
 

 i/ 
 
 ..<-W*M>^ 
 
 A?-i^? 
 
 J»rl Deportt. in ODfrio. Quebec, New Bn»«rick .ad 
 Nora Scotia. 
 
 R. W. Ells, LL.D., F.R.S.C. 
 
 OftV 
 
MARL DEPOSITS IN ONTARIO. QUEBEC, NEW BRUNS- 
 WICK AND NOVA SCOTIA." 
 
 By R. W. Ens, LL.D., F.R.S.C. 
 The Marl Deposits of Eastern Canada. 
 
 The presence of shell-marl in the provinces of Ontario and 
 Quebec, a many widely separated points, has long been known 
 and many localities where this material occurs have^been described 
 ■n the Reports of the Geological Survey from a very early date. 
 ""diS-l™^' ^ '='"*' ''*'"= "fibuted to this substance was for 
 "sny years supposed to be confined to its use as a 
 fert,luer for sc,ls lacking in calcareous matter, since it furnished 
 a re dy kind of lime, easily applied, and showing good results in 
 regard to the cultivation of certain crops whe«''its app i" a ion 
 was carried out with proper judgment. 
 
 Within the last few years, however, marl has been found to 
 be especially adapted to the manufacture of the best grades of 
 cement, when mixed with a proper proportion of clay Urge 
 "^^'Z'" '"«"'"f'«='""ng establishments have been already estab- 
 ««.„. hshed at several points and others are in proce s of 
 construction more especially in the province of Ontario, vfere 
 arge and valuable deposits of marl occur at many places. Among 
 
 n^Z Tr n '"T""'"^ "" ^"^ *°"'' "' Moribank, a few miles 
 north of Belleville, and at Strathcona. about five miles northwest 
 of Napanee, where the nanufacture of high-grade Portland cement 
 has been prosecuted on a large scale for several years 
 
 The demand for marl deposits conveniently situated near 
 to railway lines or other means of shipment has increased 
 
 CnadZ"'""''"' '"' '^""'"'''" "' '"' °''^''"" °' "" «»"«i-' Survey of 
 
6o 
 
 Thi Ottawa Naturalmt. 
 
 very largely. Enquiries are frequently made aa t.. 
 Sourcnotiiw istcncc of thesc deposit!, and in order 
 
 [June 
 
 .Se ex- 
 pre- 
 
 fenMdon . .. ''■ ' ■" «•-*• -•' (Jrc- 
 
 r, •■■.„r sent in a readily accnsible form such In.ormation as is 
 available from the published reports of the Geological Survey, 
 some of which are long out of print and others not convenient for 
 reference, the present paper has been prepared. While It is not 
 maintained that the subject has been exhaustively trrated, since 
 the information relative to the occurrence of this substance in- 
 creases from year to year as the scope of the Survey's operations 
 is extended, the present paper will incorporate all available infor- 
 mation on the subject in regard to its occurrence in the provinces 
 of Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia, taken 
 from the published reports of the Geological Survey and from 
 other sources of information, brought, down to the present time. 
 Fiesh-water marl occurs usually in marshes and shallow 
 lakes, and generally contains the shells of several species of fresh- 
 water mollusks. In the Geology of Canada, 1863, a good descrip. 
 "^^Sd"" ''°" ."' ""• "'°''* °'''«=<:>"en« «nd physical characters 
 oriiin of this material is given, which may be here quoted. 
 
 " Although belonging to the present geological period, this marl 
 is not always of recent formation ; inasmuch as the beds of it are 
 sometimes overiaid by peat, or by a soil supporting a growth of 
 large trees. At other times however, the mari covers the bottom 
 of shallow lakes or ponds, and is evidently in the process of depo- 
 sition. It appears to be formed by the waters of springs highly 
 charged with lime, which is at first held in solution as bicarbonate 
 but is deposited when these waters come to the air. It is thus 
 similar in its origin to the deposits of calcareous tufa, which occur 
 in many places where such calcareous springs flow over earth 
 rocks and vegetation, instead of falling into lakes or marshes.' 
 The presence of carbonate of lime is a nece.ssary condition of the 
 development of shells, and various species of niollusca abound in 
 such waters. These by their remains, which often form h con- 
 sidrable portion of the deposits, give to them the name of shell- 
 mari, which is frequently applied. This substance is white and 
 earthy in its aspect, and, unless mingled with clay, ii a nearly 
 pure carbonate of lime, which from its finely divided state is well 
 fidapted to serve as a dressing for such soils as are deficient in 
 
I9m] 
 
 Ells— Marl Diposits. 
 
 fti 
 
 calcareous matter. When calcined, marl yields a nearly pure and 
 very white lime, well adapted for mortar and for other uses. In 
 many parts ot Vermont large quantities of lime are thus manu- 
 factured. The marl '.a moulded in the shape of bricks liich are 
 dried and burned in a kiln." 
 
 '•When pure, marl may be used as a substitute for prepared 
 chalk or whiting in cleaning metals and for similar purposes. In 
 UHiofmari many parts of the country it is commonly employed by 
 the people for whitewashing their buildings. It has also been 
 used for the production of carbonic acid gas in the manufacture 
 of soda-water and other aerated waters in place of the pulverized 
 chalk or marble dust which is generally employed. " 
 
 Marl (!eposits are numerous in many of the lake bottoms 
 throughout the province of Ontario. They are also found at 
 Uinribution Various points in the province of Quebec, though, as a 
 rule, such deposits are not so large as in the former province- 
 Further east in New Brunswick this material also occurs at 
 several points around the Bay de* Chaleurs, and also near the 
 city of St. John, but the occurences are still less abundant than 
 in Quebec, while in Nova Scotia shell marl, )■ so far as at present 
 known is comparatively rare. It may, ho er, h remarked in 
 connection with the maritime provinces ih many lakes which 
 should naturally contain marl are supplied » 
 of infusorial earth, this material being very 
 which are scattered throughout the Cobe<) 
 Nova Scotia, and also in the eastern por 
 eluding the island of Cape Breton. In New i 
 and valuable deposits of infusorial earth have i 
 occur in the southern and east portions of If 
 material has recently come into considerable dc 
 large lake-deposits have been quite extensively - 
 put being principally shipped to points in the Uniu 
 
 The sjccessful manufacture ol Portland ceir.^n 
 Ontario is destined apparently to utilize many of the 
 r"i™.'' °f fresh-water marl found in the province, 
 the proper admixtuie of the marl with certain propor,. 
 These materials after mixing thoroughly are burned, h— 
 suiting compound very finelj ground, the success of the . 
 
 ' extensive deposits 
 
 'ndant in the lakes 
 
 uin range in 
 
 « province in- 
 
 :-*w ick, also, large 
 
 ig been known to 
 
 nrovince. This 
 
 nd jind several 
 
 «ed, fhe oul- 
 
 *«ates. 
 
 ■ HH:h in 
 
Thi Ottawa Naturalist. 
 
 (June 
 
 b..ngr due to . very c.reful «ri.. of expriment. which have b«n 
 earned on tor .ome years till the proper adju.tmeni of material, 
 and the right degree of burnine and .ubsequent reduction to an 
 a.mo«t impalpable powder hai been reached. 
 
 Ontar'o. 
 
 Among the largest deposit, of the marl. K,me of which have 
 already been utilized on an extensive scale, may be mentioned the 
 |Ue.iiH«<H following localities : At Marlbank in the township of 
 M.H^„. Hungerford, on the line of the Bay of Quinte railway 
 the great works of the Deseronto Cement Co. are located. The raw 
 ii.rih.„k material is derived from the beds of White and Dry 
 akes, the deposit extending over several square miles and having 
 a depth in places ol at least so feet. Urge works in connec 
 tmn with this company are also located at Strathcona, formerly 
 Napanee Mills, which is about five miles northwest of the town 
 of Napanee, the capacity of the plant being over .00,000 barreU 
 annually. 
 
 Another very important deposit is situated in the bottom of 
 Shallow Lake, Keppel township, county of Grey, about nine 
 miles from Owen Sound on the west side of Georgian bay The 
 property here comprises nearly 600 acres, the marl having a 
 thickness of Irom one to six feet, with an average depth of four 
 feet, underlaid by clay with a thickness of two feet. 
 
 Another large deposit is found in Williams lake in the 
 township of Holland, in the same county, near the line of the Tor- 
 Wiiii.„.L.k. onto, Grey and Brjce Ry.. and also near Durham 
 "^ ^ which is also convenient to railway communication. 
 Marl also occurs on lots 35 a"d a6, ranges VII and VIII 
 Flos township, Simcoe county, but the thickness and extent of 
 the deposit is not yet definitely known, though apparently quite 
 large. This area lies a short distance to the southeast of 
 Georgian bay. 
 
 Urge deposits of excellent marl are found in the 
 counties c( Peel and Dufferin. In the first-named county 
 uSirtiiCoi » deposit in the fourth and fifth concessions of 
 CI**™ the township of Caledon, in close proximity to the 
 
 railway, is reported as covering about J50 acres with an averag* 
 
I90J] 
 
 Elu- Iarl Deposits 
 
 63 
 
 depth o( I J frat, overlaid by a depoait o( peat from two and a 
 Onni,..ui. hair to eix feet in thickness. This is near Orangeville 
 KaiiOirafnu Station. In Oufferin county on lot I, range B, Easit 
 Garafraxa, there is a deposit of marl extending ov»r at least jo 
 acres with a depth of six feet. Large plants are contemplated for 
 working these areas. 
 
 PMarbofowh Further ea«t, at Lakefield, near Peterborough, there is 
 ""'■'"'"'"'"»•' «rea ot marl landii amounting to about 800 acres, 
 at what ii known as Buckley's Lake, where the marl deposit 
 is reported to be jo feet deep. Large areas of excellent peat 
 are in close proximity, and the district is connecled by rail with 
 the town of Peterborough 
 
 Shiffleidiop. The deposit at Marlbank has already been referred to; 
 WhittL.ta, but in the township of Sheflield other large areas of 
 marl have been reported which should be of value. Among ihese 
 may be mentioned the following— In White lake and on the hrook 
 flowing from it to Beaver lake.as also on the fifteenth and sii.eenth 
 lots of the second concession, and on the twelfth lot in the third and 
 fourth concessions. The deposit on the first named is stated to ex- 
 tend uver at least soo acres with a thickness throughout the greater 
 portion of at least ten feet, the bottom of the deposit not being 
 reached, having a thin covering of soil with a luxuriant growth of 
 grass. 
 
 The second of these deposits extends over an area estimated 
 at from 300 to 400 acres, but the thickness was not ascertained. 
 It is covered by an accumulation of peat with a thickness of four 
 feet or more in places, 
 
 tTshwJsh '" "" '""'"'•''P °( Storrington, about ten miles north 
 Lie of the city of Kingston, there is a large deposit ot marl 
 
 occupying the bottom of Loughborough lake, more especially the 
 southeastern portion. The depth of water is not grea., and the 
 marl extends over many acres of the lake bottom, but the thick- 
 ness was not tested, though the extent of the deposit is apparently 
 very large. The marl is also found in the bottoms" of many of the 
 lakes between this place and White lake in Olden township. The 
 Loughborough lake deposit can be easily removed by dredging, 
 and the locality is little more than a mile from the present line of 
 the Kingston and Pembroke railway, while by hauling from Bat- 
 
Thh Ottawa Naturaust. 
 
 (June 
 
 lllTt^^T T """'' ""• °' "■• '""^ '° '"e shore of Do^ 
 Rid«u cLaT ' '""*■ """"unication can be .ade wUh .hf 
 
 r» T" ^ /"■■ "" '"y "' ^'""'■"' ■""' "'»" «<=««, but no data 
 
 :;:eirsrfei:r "'•'''-—— °- 
 
 v™„ T„. In the township of Yonge, near .he village of Athens, 
 and in close proximity to the line of railway from 
 WestporttoBrockville, there are several deposits of larfwhl 
 have never been exploited. One o. these is on lot ,3 range VUI 
 and ,s sa,d to occur over an area of a. least « acre" luh a^ 
 ascertained depth of seven to fifteen feet. The L teria'l T al': 
 
 f M. d larr;'"' z "" '• ' -" '■ -^^ '^^ "• '^^ ^°-" 
 
 o. M.,d lake and possibly at other points in the vicinity, 
 ^uLr%'" '" '?«"»hip of South Elmsley it is found underly. 
 
 four fee, but .h' "' ° ^"' ""'•' """ " "■'^''"•»» -" '"ree to 
 four feei but the exact extent of the deposit is uncertain This 
 
 OWs Ke'rrr"" '"""" ""•' '" "^ " *^ "^ "*-» 
 
 ^ir::: ri:er'"anrb"','',.°' Wilberforce. near the Bonnechire 
 ^- „ -. ' ^ ^*'°"* ""■" ■"•'" from «he line of the Cana 
 
 This lake has an area of over i.ooo acres, the marl being visible 
 
 ' , ■ ^^.' "^"=''°"' "* ">« "'posit has b.en proved to be at least 
 b s^ tV" " "' '"' """' *" ""•"■ •f"'"*" -- P""' of 'h lake 
 .uXoJlTp.:;" "• "'"^ ""'■"" - " -xposealarge 
 
 J^rz:;:- .'le^V""""!" "'' "'""• '"• '""" -" <" white 
 
 ■-^ lake shews a large area of the marl, extending over 
 some 700 acres, and ranging from five ,0 seven fe^t in depth The 
 area could be readily drained so as to expose a large body of the 
 material, bu, the distance from the town of Arnprior and r.i way 
 communication ,s about eight miles. It is about the same distance 
 to Glasgow station on the Canada Atlantic 
 
 o«A°L '" "" '°"'"''"'' "' ^°^' '""•«' ''•PO»'*» are found in 
 e« rl '°""««7,*"»« <=»«!» of lakes which extend south" 
 east from Muskrat lake, near Cobd«. village. On on. of ,h«. 
 
igoj] 
 
 Ells— Makl Deposits. 
 
 I 
 
 ) 
 
 6S 
 
 known as Green lake, on lot i,, rangre IV »hn.., 
 of the line of the Canadian Pacific railway the Ir^'f ""! ""'" 
 .he,shore, of the lake, in one place wIZ; exposed ^.^nforfi"^ 
 acres, and a depth of from five to twelve feet and ,1 , ' 
 
 southeast shore of the lake over I slace of ten T •"" 
 
 about the same thickness. On lot Vran« H ""'u ''""'"^ 
 lake the mar. is found banked up ou'r'to fif e't n"eaT 1 'T" 
 
 -ake. but - depth a:d^Lrofi-r:r:r„o:? ^-" 
 
 Eni=™uL.k« On Emerald Ink. .i.^... c •. """nown. 
 
 Ta»i,tam,» ■-"■eraia luce, about five mi es west of On.,.,:!,. 
 
 "StiS narrows Lafc* T._: i . upimrka 
 
 marl of unknown dUh J rconS;,^^^^^^^^^ " '''°"' "' 
 bottom could not beLndonlundi^a'^^^^^^^^^^^^ 7,' '\' 
 - -ake. of small si„ the amount of the marnrhere't^^f 
 
 xice b^:z;r^r:- ------- - 
 
 ..rmlned, may be mentioned. lot ,3, ranT V Tan'L cT 
 i^ i-^ acre, and seven feet deep.; Ch^alk i.ke lotl , "d ? 
 
 .stta^occrai;:? 'I- 't "• --ro/reih: 
 ^^wh^i^^^rrr:------ 
 
 Of .be lake. L extent u^krw^.C t?. ^ leTLtthrj -■: 
 Er.™„„ places ; Eramosa branch of Gr«.„ ,■ "'"""=" "* 
 
 ----township. Wellington Co.. Lxeotf^'ther": 
 unknown but reported to be at least three feet thi k wi \ o^^:: 
 
 -rcS--- ofe/co wh"'"'""" ""' '" Artemisia townshi" 
 
 tjrey Co., where it occurs over an area nf .. 1 
 acres, with . depth of a, leas, seven feet '"" " 
 
66 
 
 The Ottawa Naturalist. 
 
 [June 
 
 Sri».tof«i Tp '" '•" township of Sebastopol, at the lower northwest 
 ci«riju.e j„d of Qgg^ Lake, near the outlet, there is a large 
 quantity of marl, the depth of which has not yet been proved, and 
 it occurs also in several small lakes adjacent. Tr.is locality is 
 about eight miles from the Canada Atlantic railway at Eg-anville. 
 M«K.yL.i<. °" '''* s*""™ of Hemlock or MacKay lake in New 
 "'* ""'"'■Edinburgh, Ottawa, marl has long been known to 
 exist, extending over loo acres or more with a depth of at least 
 five feet. The deposit is, however, largely covered with soil and 
 forest growth, but has been locally used to some extent in the 
 manufacture of white bricks. 
 
 The localities mentioned for the province of Ontario do not 
 profess to describe the occurrences of marl lor all portions of the 
 area. Doubtless many deposits occur at various localities, the de- 
 tails of which ha«e not yet reached this Department, but sufficient 
 has been stated to show that the material exists over a great area 
 and frequently in very large and economic quantities. 
 w«t ■" the vicinity of the Ottawa river, on lot i8, range IV, 
 
 H.«,k.tor, „gs, Hawksbury, there is a deposit the extent of 
 which has not been definitely determined, but it is known to ex- 
 tend over an area from five to ten acres, with a proved depth of 
 2 to 4 feet, and covered with peat for four feet. It has been 
 locally used as a fertilizer by the settlers in the vicinity. 
 Province of Quebec. 
 In the province of Quebec, marl deposits, while not so widely 
 distributed as in Ontario, are also found at points from the western 
 limit to the peninsula of Gaspi. 
 
 Artenteuii '" ""e township of Argenteuil, lot 3, range I., marl is 
 .~rL«hute icaad occupying the basin of a lake, in depth from five 
 to thirteen feet, overlaid by about nine feet of peat. The area of 
 the overlying peat is about 33 acres. On the same lot, another 
 peat-bog with an area of half a mile from east to west and a 
 breadth of 1 50 yards occurs underlaid by marl which has a depth 
 of 1 2 feet. The locality is not far from the line of the Canadian 
 Pacific railway at Lachute. 
 w.otworth Tp On lot aa, range VIII, Wentworth township, marl is 
 
 Eafte Not ... 
 
 l>Ee reported as occurrmg m the bed of Eagle Nest lake, 
 
 which is a short distance south of i6-Island lake, the quantity, not 
 
igoa] 
 
 Ells — Marl Deposits. 
 
 67 
 
 beinsr stated, but apparently considerable. The nearest shipping 
 point to this place is the line of the Montford Colonization railway 
 near the latter lake. It is also reported as occurring in a small 
 lake on lot 5, range IV, Harrington township, but at present this 
 locality is too far removed from railway communication to be 
 practically available. 
 
 v.udroiii 'n the seigneury of Vaudreuil, at Point Cavagnol on 
 n^,Oiuw*'"'~''ie lower Ottawa, a bed of marl extends over at least 
 twenty acres, the thickness being apparently from a 
 foot to a foot and a half. It has been locally used to some extent 
 as a fertilizer. Small deposits of excellent marl are also known to 
 Moi.ire.1 exist in the vicinity of Montreal, as at Thornberry in 
 the rear of Montreal mountain, and on the St. Pierre river, 
 between Montreal and Lachine, which are overlaid in part by beds 
 of peat. The extent of these deposits has not yet been definitely 
 determined, but a company for the manufacture of cement has 
 been established at Pointe Claire. 
 
 Eutofth. '" "■* area east of the St. Lawrence river a small de- 
 Si. Uwr.n« posj, ^f ^^^1 has besn long reported as occurring near 
 the foot of Yamaska mountain, near the junction of the road to 
 Granby, with that leading to St. Pie, the thickness of the material 
 being slated to be one foot, and extending over about seven acres. 
 St. Amund Ir, the township of St. Armand on lots 156 and 157, 
 ibout one mile southeast of Phillipsburgh, it is also found in a 
 small lake with a thickness of seven feet, and extending, as far 
 as known, over thirty to forty acres. This locality is in close proxi- 
 mity to the Phillipsburgh branch railway, and also to the shore of 
 Missisquoi bay, through which the Chambly canal pusses. The 
 deposit here rests upon a bed of marine shells. In the township 
 Sunue«i of Stanstead it also occurs in a small lake bottom on 
 lots four and five, ranges X and XI, with an area of »o acres and 
 a reported thickness in places of 30 to 40 feet. This is within a 
 short distance of the village o( Stanstead Plain, 
 
 A small deposit of marl has recently been reported by Mr 
 Obalski as occurring near the village of Beauport, a few miles east 
 of Quebec city, and also at Lake a la Peinture in the township of 
 Neigette, but the extent of these deposits is not stated. 
 
68 
 
 The Ottawa Naturalist. 
 
 fjune 
 
 G..P. In .he eastern par. of the province of Quebec marl has 
 
 been reported as occurring on the south side of the S. 
 
 Matane r.ver. The deposit extends over an area of 60 .0 70 
 acres and has a dep.h of one to two feet, and another depos'? 
 occurs at the upper end of the lower Metis lake, the exteTo 
 which has not been stated. 
 
 substanc-'i" "'"f"'".^ "f Gasp* several important deposits of this 
 substance are found, especially along the north sidTof the Bay 
 
 "■^dlS™™ f,! ,t r" f" f """ •'•" ""'••"'hort distance 
 from the line of railway running from Metapedia to 
 Paspebiac. Among localities in this area may be m^Zned 
 several lake bottoms lying to the north o, the'v^lage o" New 
 N,. cri,.,. Carlisle and m a narrow valley about t» . miles distant 
 from this place in all of which and around their margin he mar 
 occurs with a depth of from one to six feet. Further „e!tT 
 also found in lake bottoms a short distance north of ;he villa; 
 N™R.ch™„>nd of New Richmond near the Great Cascapedia river 
 B... L.k» and in what are known as the Blue lakes to the wes^ 
 of that stream, the bottoms o. which are apparently filled Zth 
 
 hou^h ,?""■ "' ''""' '"" "'^"' ""^^ ""' "«" ^«"=-i" d 
 hough the quantity appears to be considerable. The latter place 
 IS in the Irish settlement. "^ 
 
 Anticosti. 
 On Anticosti island deposits of excellent marl were reported 
 by Mr. James Richardson from his exploration of this aL in 
 
 .h/t ..T"k"""'^ " "'""'' "'''"'^' "P"™'"" P°'"'»- He states 
 With the exception of such as were surrounded by peat, were 
 more or less covered with it. Marl lake a, the northwest exlre- 
 mity of the island near the West point lighthouse, .showed a 
 deposit of about 90 acres, with a considerable thickness, which 
 however was not definitely ascertained, and the brook which 
 empties this lake carries down with it to the shore a lar« 
 qnantity pf marl as a sediment where it was spread ou» along the 
 beach for a considerable space." 
 
 Another locality noted was about three miles west of South-west 
 Point, where marl was observed along the bank of a brook and 
 
igol] 
 
 Ells— Marl Deposits. 
 
 69 
 
 a n.i.el„,a„d it "as re 700 .T Ir' f ^ \""" "'""" "^'^ 
 
 New Brunswick. 
 
 B.yd,.ct.i.„„ 1° 'he province of New Brunswick shell n,=,i • 
 CbarioKiver »,- _„ „., . """"»>»"cK sneii-fnarl in so 
 
 rar a^. yet linown is rarely seen In ti,. 
 portion around the Bay des Chaleur, it n I °''"'"° 
 
 wni; r™:':n;L.rHa::rd:;tr:f r r ;d '^^' 
 
 has been locally used to so.e extent as a f^rti'il" ^'"""' 
 
 U.,„.L^e In 'he southern part of the province, marl occurs at 
 
 en'ly is in 'h^redt^Cor JLTtJ^^^"' V''- --■ 
 
 deposit apparently und^ri^tg^he'^^h;!! o7ThTl t 'II'^'"''^' "'^ 
 apparently thickest at the two extrrmit ?"?,* ''"^'"' *>"' ■' 
 
 where the depth of .he 4r71s i^^^/ i ' "P«'«"y 'he eastern, 
 'hi. deposit irassocafedwhoeirinlh'' '*" ^"'- '"?'"«" 
 been found in tl- >ed of a smalHak. i h .T'"" P*" "'^'^ •"«» 
 shawBrookon • i/ht LTklf' t' ^ot^lt'eT." ^"""^^ «""" 
 Nova Scotia. 
 
 haveir ^\T "° "'"""'^ °' 'P«"" "O""™- value 
 area on the S:u h Mo'J t ""rir^t^C "'"'" '"^ """"'■" "' ^ 
 village of KentvilleThVs has b^eeni^r" '^ ""^ ^°"""" ">« 
 some years and has been o a lar^e !^fK ""'u "' ' ^"'"'"^ f"' 
 of many of the lakes! especiaUv^^onrh "'"'"««''• The beds 
 mountainsaswellasn portions of A T^^ "' ">* C-'hequid 
 large deposits of infusoriauTrr as is aU f^"'"" "" «"«'*'"' 
 l akes in east ern New Brunswick "*" *'"' ""™' 
 
 joui;?rorT„f^^"^j^;^ir^^ 
 
 Published at 0.r»w. r._.*. '^J.^^-o-N^tiralists' Club, Vol. XVI, (,904 
 
 Canaan 
 
 near Kcntville, 
 
 p7bi;;ieda7o;r.ars3A x-^r^r'" "^^^^^^^ 
 
 Issued June 3rt. "''°*'-'"P'"-J"='"-: 'oforcism countrirs$? 
 
 -5l