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MKIOCOPr IKOWTION TBT CNART 
 
 (ANSI ond ISO TEST CHART No. 2) 
 
 ^ /APPLIED IM/OE I 
 
 ^^ 1 653 Cast Wain Street 
 
 ^^ Rochester. N«* York U609 USA 
 
 is t^'fi) ♦Sa - 0300 - Phone 
 
 ^B (716) 2M- 5989 - Fo. 
 
GEOI.O(;iUAL SURVEY OF OAiS^ADA 
 
 KOHKKT HKU. I.S.o.. M.,.., ...S... ,.V,..., LL.i... K,H..S., ,. .,.. ,.,„.. 
 
 REPORT 
 
 ON THK 
 
 UPPER STEWART RIVER REGION 
 
 YtJKON^ 
 
 hi 
 
 J. KEELE 
 
 1« 
 
 OTTAWA 
 
 PRINTKl ,Y S. E. DAWSON, PRINTER TO THE KINGS MOST 
 
 EXCELLENT MAJESTY 
 
 1 906 
 
 No. 943. 
 
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 To Dr. KoBKRT Bklc, 
 
 Acting Director, Geolo){ical Survey of Canotiii. 
 
 Sill,— I hnve t\\e honour to Hubiuit the enulosfd report on my 
 cxplorutions on the upfirr waters of the Stewart river ami some of its 
 triliutaries. A map to acconipany the report and a few photofji-uphs 
 to illustrate the natural features arc inc!u(le<]. 
 
 I have the honour to be, sir, 
 
 Your obedient servant, 
 
 J. kep:le. 
 
 OiTAWA, April, 1906. 
 
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c^ONTENTs. 
 
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 <;eiil()«ical foriiiatiolin .... 
 
 iJistribiiliori ..f riK.k^ 
 
 K'wuiU 
 
 lifiiMiiiH mill viiluBiiic riickii 
 
 irlticiation 
 
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 VyVEli STKWAIIT KIVKi: IMC^ilDX. 
 
 INTIU»|>r<'TinN. 
 
 TlioMBwait rivtr, .mr uf tli.' priiicipul tril.uUri.'» of tlie Viik..ri, 
 cJrrtin» ,iti fxten-ivoi.'ni.iii lyiiij,- iM-twcen tli.-liu.iri nf tlio IVlly rn.-r fo 
 thex ifh, (iii.l tlmt ..f the IVel riv^i to tlm in.rtli. It rix.'s in th<^ 
 Pncitii- Arctk- wnliT«li.'«l i«ii({e« un.l llow^ in a tfeimml we»teily din-c 
 tion towrtr.l th- Yulcnn vullf-y. It i, rmvi«.il)l.. thr.mifhoiii th.- «M«..n 
 for river ntpamtTH n« fur ii-. Fnizn- falU, n ,': „,„.,. uf l>0() i„ile» r'nun 
 the Yukon. 
 
 KAKLV llAll MIM 
 
 Die stpwBit wti) one of the tint rlverc in th« Yukon ffriUury to 
 uttnict the lUt.iitioi, of inin«r». Ii. the yeiir IfiM.I ,in.l for ■Mvenil 
 yfiir!* folUiwiiiy Kold wiis fouml in JMiying (|uiintitieH on Ih.' Lars nhnijt 
 the lowfr |iurtion of tlif liver . 
 
 No lirtr mining of any ar.ount is now carrieil on, l.ut «n oc-ciMonsi 
 miner pfncU the U .tcr portion of the season wiien thn watni is low 
 "rookint' ' on -ome of the nuinerou- l)ars l»et»«<n Mayo riv.r and fjike 
 creek. Th,- ..xp-rt in this kind of mining is alwayti «ure of at leai( a 
 grul. stak.-. [n ll»0(» Mr. H. (J. Mrt'onnell made an .■xam.nation of 
 the S'ewait river as far .s Frazer falid. There are noprevioun rt'cords 
 of the river almv.. this point and very H;ii.. appitars u> have heen 
 known alMiut it previous to 18i».S. Muring tiiis 'i,id th« following year 
 soveral prospectorH crossed the 'ivide from the >[a(kenzie side and des- 
 cended the .Stewar th. Yukon. In the sacio yearn largo parties <if 
 gold seekers ascent the river, bu^ very few of them went U-yond 
 Frazer fal' . iin the i ,..^rts brought down were not encouraging. 
 
 In .^0"' i.jrt,»e gold was first discovered on the streams tributary to 
 the Stnwr ' and f-om that time until the present time new di.scoveries 
 >f placer •. it of more or less importance have been made eu> h year, 
 i h» Clear Creek and the Duiuan Creek raining districts were establish- 
 e<: and inrluded all the streams tributary to the Stewart a« far east as 
 the M^yo river and its branches. 
 
 Although some of the creeks in these districts were rich in placer 
 gold the average remuneration was small. The dirticultiesand expense 
 of mining ami transp rt, and the inex()erience of many of the miners 
 have hitherto tended to keep down the profits and to discourage pros- 
 pecting. 
 
 The area, however, in which it might rea.sonably be expected 
 to find placer gold is large, and, with cheaper supplies and a be ,er 
 knowledge of the methods of mining best suited to the con<li jns. 
 
 ^ yi 
 
 ii 
 
6 o 
 
 OEOLOOICAL SURVEY OF CANADA 
 
 4 
 
 ), 
 
 future developments and an extension of the productive ground may 
 be looked forward to, as much of tlie region is yet unprospected. 
 
 This report deals with the upper portion of the Stewart river and 
 the adjoining territory, including a part of the country immediately 
 east of the Duncan Creek mining district. 
 
 A report by the writer on the latter area is given in the Summary 
 Report of the Geological Survey for the year 1 904. 
 
 GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF REGION. 
 
 STEWART RIVER. 
 
 The Stewart river ahove the Frazer falls drains an area of about 
 12,000 square miles. During its course through this region it receives 
 four important tributaries, the principal one being the Hess river, or 
 South branch of the Stewart, which enters fmni the east at a distance 
 of fifty five miles from the foot of Frazer falls, following the wind- 
 ings of the ri\er. Twenty eight miles farther I.,iinsing river also enters 
 from th:) east. 
 
 Ladue river enters from the west at a distance of thirty-two miles 
 above Lansing, and about seven miles farther on Beaver river enters 
 from the same direction. 
 
 The headwaters of the Stewart river and its branches have their 
 source either in the Ogilvie r ange to the north or in the Selwyn range 
 to the east. 
 
 ITiese two mountain chains form the watershed between the Yukon 
 and Mackenzie drainage basins in this region. 
 
 The entire drainage basin of the Stewart is of a mountainous 
 character, and although much of the upland country in the area is 
 composed of rounded and wooded hills, or low ridges, there are also 
 high detached ranges or single isolated groups of mountains with peaks 
 which measure from 6,000 to 7,400 f(!et above sea level, or quite 
 as high as the more prominent peaks in the wiiter.ihed ranges. 
 
 This mountainous region is traversed in seM-ral directions by a 
 system of wide interlocking valleys, mostly occupied by the river and 
 its principal branches. The present drainage is often -onfuspd and 
 interrupted by former glacial action, or other causes, and it is not 
 uncommon to find that streams have migrated from one old valley to 
 another by means of a channel of comparatively recent origin. The 
 smaller streai.:s at the headwaters issue from the mountains in narrow 
 rock-walled valleys. These streams are very swift and carry a large 
 burden of debris. In flood time, when swollen with the melting of 
 snow on the summits, they become formidable torrents. 
 
 Evidences of a former glacial period are met with in various i)or- 
 tions of the area, and the valley slopes exhibit the usual characteristic 
 topography which results from the smoothing action of an ice sheet. 
 
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UPPER STKWABT KIVER llEfSIoy 
 
 At Frazer fnlls the Stewart river flows through a gorse three-eighths 
 of a mile Ion-,', with a fail of about forty feet in this distance ; it is 
 really a rapid, as the grade is fairly uniform. Above this gorge the 
 river still occupies a narrow channel bordered by rock lynches, uid 
 three short rapids, due to the rock barriers, occur at intervals. Three 
 quarters of a mile above the upper rapid and si.x miles from the foot 
 of Frazer falls, Nogold creek entors the Stewart from the west. 
 This is a winding stream with slow current, and a width at the mouth 
 of about seventy five feet. At this point the Stewart river turns at 
 right angles to its former course and enters ii wide valley extending 
 northeast and southwest. 
 
 This valley joins the pre.sent valley of the Stewart below the mouth 
 of Mayo river ; it is three miles wide across the Iwttora and contains a 
 great number of small lakes scattered over the flats adjoining the i iver. 
 It is bordered by hills having long easy slopes to a general elevation 
 of about 2,500 feet above the flats. 
 
 The river appears to hive no definite channel in this valley bottom, 
 and, during flood time, when the discharge of water and the .speed of 
 the current are greatly increased, it meanders almost uncontrolled 
 by banks, doing considerable damage to the forest growth along its 
 margins and on the islands in mid stream. When the greater curves 
 swing across the valley, the river sometimes impinges against cut banks 
 about 120 feet high, c..mpo.sed of gravel, sand, silt and clay, or against 
 low rock terraces. 
 
 HE.SS RIVER. 
 
 The Hess river joins the Stewart from the southeast in a low basin 
 formed by the junction of the two wide valleys of those streams. This 
 river appears to be almost as large as the Stewart. Its drainage basin 
 lies between those of the Macmillan and Landing rivers, and extends 
 to the Mackenzie river watershed, a di.stance of over 100 miles from 
 its mouth. At the mouth of tlio Lansing river the Stewart turns to 
 the northwest and flows across a basin-shaped depression which extends 
 for a distance of about twenty miles on eai-h side of the river, while 
 Lansing river, coming from the northeast, occupies what appears to be 
 the continuation of the Stewart valley. 
 
 la: iiNc; HivEH. 
 
 Lansing river, about 200 feet wide at its mouth, has a very swift 
 current throughout its entire course, and is not navigable. It heads 
 in some high mountain groups to the east, and flows almost parallel to 
 that portion of the Stewart above Heaver river. 
 
 The I^ansing mountains, one of the most striking individual groups 
 in the region, are situated south of the Lansing river and about fifteen 
 miles east of the Stewart. These mountains rise abruptly from a wide 
 basin : their summits area group of rugged peaks, the highest of which 
 
 ■'"* 
 
8 c 
 
 OKOLOtllCAL SURVEY OF CANADA 
 
 rises to 7,400 feet aljove sea level or about 5,500 feet above the 
 Stewart river. 
 
 At one and a quarter miles above Lansing river the Stewart emerges 
 from a caAon with walls about 100 feet high. The length of the river 
 course through this carlon is seven miles, the channel is tortuous and 
 the current not much swifter than in the wider portion of the river 
 below. It is easily ascended at low or medium stages of water. 
 
 I 
 
 LADUG RIVER. 
 
 The Ladue river which enters the Stewart from the west is an 
 exceedingly crooked strea-M, flowing with a sluggish current in a wide 
 valley. Its main branch heads in a mountain group twenty miles 
 northwest of its mouth, but the rivor channel hasa lengih of over 100 
 miles between those points. 
 
 Although the Ladue river flows in a wide flat-bottomed valley of 
 slight grade for the greatei p.irt of its course, tliis valley is bordered 
 by mountain groups rising abruptly to a height of from 2,500 to 3,000 
 feet above the river. In its lower course it flows across the basin 
 which extends to Lansing river. 
 
 The Stewart bends sharply to a northeasterly direction at the north 
 of the Ladue river and, about seven miles farther, the Beaver river 
 enters from the west. 
 
 The Stewart and Beaver rivers join from opposite directions in a 
 wide crescent-shaped valley which borders the southern edge of thi 
 watershed range. North of the junction of the two rivers the moun- 
 tains rise about 3,500 feet above the valley bottom, but to the south 
 the valley opens out into a wide depres-sion containing a few rolling 
 and wooded ridges. 
 
 Ten miles from the mouth of the Beaver, Nadaleen, or Boswell river, 
 enters the Stewart from the mounUins to the northward. This is a 
 clear rapid stream obout 150 feet wide and two to three feet deep. 
 The Stewart river at this point cuts through a heavy deposit ot 
 old river gravels overiain by boulder clay. This deposit which is 
 from seventy -five to 100 feet thick extends across the valley and the 
 material still acts to some extent as a dam, for below this point tiic 
 river has a cur.-ent of about six miles an hour, while above it there is 
 scarcely any perceptible current at all, the river meandering between 
 low mud banks and resembling a .series of oxbow lakes for a distanci' 
 of twenty-eight mile=. About ten miles above this still water portion 
 rock terraces from tv/enty to forty feet high occur for some distance 
 up stream along the water edge. The valley becomes constricted at 
 this locality, and the Tasin mountains rise abruptly on the south of 
 the river where hitherto were only luw ridges of a few hundred feet 
 elevation. The northern front of the Tasin mountains extends alon" 
 
 ^..iSsaam 
 
UPPKR STKWAKT RIVER RKGIUN 
 
 9 C 
 
 the valley for about twenty miles eastwaid. Mount Ortell, situated 
 at their eastern extremity, is one of tlie prominent peaks of this region. 
 It rises to a height of alwut 4,700 feet .ibove tlie river or 7,000 feet 
 above sea level. Beyond the Tiisin mountains the valley becomes 
 wide again, the rock terraces disappear, the riter breaks up into a 
 numlier of channeLs in a wide g'uvel llooJ plain and has a current of 
 about twelve miles an hour. At a distance of 100 miles from tl)e 
 Beaver river the Stewart turns to the northeast and enters a narrowev 
 valley than formerly, situated between mountain groups. At a dis- 
 tance of twenty miles in a northerly direction from this point lies a 
 lake about six miles long, called by the Indians Ella-t-ituo ; it is the 
 head of one of the branches of Snake river flowing into the Peel. The 
 Indians when journeying from the Stewart to the Mackenzie general Iv 
 follow i.'ie Lansing valley and a valley which skirts the eastern end 
 of the Tasin mountains ; cross the Stewart to this lake, and thence 
 to Fort (iriod Hope crossing the Arctic Bed river en route. Time did 
 not permit of an examination of the river beyond this point. It is 
 said to extend alwut twenty miles farther east, and to have its .source 
 in a basin containing numerous small lakes and bordered by moun- 
 tains. Lansing and Hess rivers, and a branch of the Gravel river 
 which flows into the Mackenzie, also have their source in this locality. 
 On July G while passing the mouth of the Beaver river it was 
 noticed that the Stewart discharges about twice as much water as the 
 former. The water of the Stewart was very swift and muddy and 
 crowded the clear water of the Beaver against the western bank. On 
 July 2-' the discharge of the Stewart had diminished while the Beaver 
 maintained the same flow ae formerly. At this date the Beaver river 
 was 2lU feet wide, its greatest depth about seven feet, with a current 
 of four miles an hour. On August 18 water was at a low sta"e in 
 both streams, and their discharge wa^ about, e(iiial. 
 
 UE.WER AXD RACKLA KIVEH-!. 
 
 The Beaver river occupies the same valley as the Stewart, and has a 
 northwesterly direction for a distance of about thirty miles in a 
 straight line from the mouth, or forlv-tive miles following the windings 
 of the river. 
 
 The valley and the river both turn at a righ' ngle at this point, but 
 at a distance of eight miles to the north tl <utne their former 
 
 direction. 
 
 At a distance of twenty-hve miles from the mouth of the Beaver, 
 following the windings of the river, Rackla river, an important tribu- 
 tary, enters from the northeast. The river occupies a wide valley for 
 about fifteen miles. The main valley then branches into three tribu 
 tary valleys. The valley which enters from the west is a continuation 
 of the upper Beaver valley, and is occupied by a series of lakes from 
 
 f ^ 1 
 
 
10 
 
 OROLOOICAL BURVBY OF CAKADA 
 
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 lijrf 
 
 Hi! 
 
 two to three miles long. The other two valleys mn occupied by 
 branches of Rackla river, the one extending to the northeast being the 
 continuation of the main valley. This valley leads with an easy grade 
 to a low divide called Bonnet Plume pass, north of which is found the 
 headwaters of the Wnd river, which Hows int« the Peel. A short 
 distance below the forks, " ickla river Hows through a narrow twisted 
 caiion, and below this r..ck terraces occur at intervals along the 
 stream for a distance of about five miles. In the upper valleys the 
 streams meander over lloo<l plains or in marshy ground through num- 
 bers of small lakes or ponds. 
 
 Above >'.,e mouth of Rackia river there is a stretch of fourteen miles 
 of alack water, probably due to f , fan of wash gravels which the 
 Rackia carries down faster than the Beaver can remove it. At the 
 square turn of the Beaver, twenty miles beyond the mouth of Rackia 
 river, a small creek "nters from the southwest and diains a wide 
 valley containing a great number of small lakes. These lakes are nearly 
 all connected by streams as far as the Mcyuesten lakes, a distance o* 
 about twenty miles from the Beaver river. By making a few short 
 portages a canoe or small boat can be taken over this route to the Mc- 
 Questen and thence to the Stewart river. Above the square turn the 
 Beaver river is an excwdingly swift stream, and at low water is not 
 navigable owing to the numerous channels over which the water is 
 disturbed. Craine creek enters from the north about twenty-five miles 
 farther. The valley of this stream was followed by Mr. Camsel! of 
 the Geological Survey on his journey to the Wind and Peel rivers. 
 
 The Beaver river was not examined l)eyond this point, but it ap- 
 pears to he fed by small streams issuing from the Ogilvie range. At 
 some disUnce farther west these streams turn to the southwest and 
 form the headwaters of one of the branches of the Klondike river. 
 
 OOILVIE RANGE. 
 
 The Ogilvie range, which lies on the watershed between the Stewart 
 and Peel rivers, has a width in this locality of about fifty miles, and 
 extends from the valley of the Beaver river almost to the mouth of 
 Little Wind river to tbt north. The northern edge of the Ogilvie 
 ran. marks the termination of the mountainous region on the Peel 
 River basin, and is followed by a low dissected p.'at lau which lowers 
 by successive steps to the Arctic coastal plain. 
 
 Flanking mountain groups extend southward and eastward from 
 the Beaver river for a distance of forty mile.. To the eastward the 
 Ogilvie range is separated from the Selwyn range by the comparatively 
 low divide b<»tween the Stewart and the Gravel rivers. 
 
 Over the whole extent of this elevated region the most general accor- 
 dance ot summit level would appear to occur at about 6,000 feet above 
 sea level. 
 
VPPKR STBWAHT RIVKK Rk 
 
 11 
 
 Of the several prominent peaks which rise above thi- l^vel uoue are 
 higher than 7,500 feet. 
 
 VIKOX PLATEAU. 
 
 To the southwest these mountain groups front upon the region 
 known as the Yukon plat«au which has a general elevation of 6.000 
 feet in this vicinity, sloping to about 4,000 feet at the Yukon basin. 
 
 Thf topographic relations of these mounHins is extremely intricate 
 and would require several seasons' observations over a mor^ extended 
 area in order to correlate the region physiographically with the 
 provinces to the south and west. 
 
 Orographically the two principal mountain ranges are analagous to 
 the Rocky Mountain system of JJrilish Columbia, us the lowlands 
 bordeiing these mountains on the north and east correspond to the 
 great plains east of that province. 
 
 The variation in the topography of the different mountain groups 
 depends largely on the character and structure of the rock formations 
 from which they are built. The highest portions of the Selwyn rarge 
 being composed of tilted .luartzites and agglomerates, or of granite, 
 are as a rule bolder and more rugged than the crests of the southern 
 face of the Ogilvie range which are built up principally of limestone. 
 
 The mountains south of the Beaver river, composed principally of 
 crystalline schist, present a more regular and rounded outline, due no 
 doubt to their earlier date of uplift and having been subjected to 
 erosive agencies for a ..ach longer period than either of the watershed 
 ranges. The highest portion of these mountains is generally composed 
 of intrusive diorite masses which have resisted weathering more 
 successfully than the schist by which they are surrounded. 
 
 Although the principal valleys have a southwesterly direction, the 
 drainage does not always select that course, but makes very wide 
 detours at several points. Only a portion of the main drainage ways 
 is -1 accord with the strike or trend of the rocks and the detours 
 are generally made transverse or across the . .rike. 
 
 .\ll the rock formations have ntage planes more or lesa well de- 
 veloped, along which the rock b. iks down more readily. The direc- 
 tion of the dominant jointing and the dip of planes varies somewhat in 
 the different formations. 
 
 In a rough way some of the inte- tream areas correspond in plan to 
 the shape of one of the single blocks of rock that compose it. 
 
 CLIMATE. 
 
 The Stewart river generally opens and is clear of ice between ..lay 
 10 and 15, and becomes frozen over by the end of October. ~ 
 
 a. 
 il 
 
li r 
 
 OKOLOniCAL SURVgy OP I'ANADA 
 
 ,ir 
 
 III 
 
 AlthouKh there im a high average rainfall in lome geasons, the 
 •uiimiers in this reuion arc gt-ncrally tine, the weather sometimes beina 
 hot 
 
 During the summer of 1905 no frost occurred between M»jr 25 
 anfl Augu t 20, and tho snuw hail aiincist entirely disappeared from 
 the mountains on the first of August. 
 
 The io'ig hours of daylight are fiivourable for abundant vegetation 
 and tho floors and slope*, of the valleys are all well covered with a 
 forest growth. 
 
 TBKEs. 
 
 The principal forest trees are white und black spruce, balsam, 
 poplar and birch. The limit to which trees grow on the mountain 
 slopes varies from 1,800 feet to 2,800 feet al«ve the river. 
 
 The white spruce is the mo^t valuable tree und furnishes good 
 timber for building ami mining pu. poses. The l>est groves of this 
 tree iire found on the islands or on the alluvial Hats along the river, 
 but g(x>d specimens occur in scattered groups on the slopes to a height 
 of 2,000 feet above the river in the lower valleys. 
 
 There is a marked deterioration both in the size .ind appearance of 
 the spruce as the more northerly branches of the river are approached. 
 
 The balsam fir occurs only on the valley slopes mixed with spruce, 
 beginning at an elevation of about 1,200 feet above the river, and con- 
 tinuing upward to the limit of trees. On the slopes of the Ogilvie 
 range, however, ihe balsam disappears entirely, its northern limit in 
 this area being if bout the forks of Rackla river. 
 
 The black pine {/'inu« .Unrniyana) was observed only at one 
 locality. On the south side of the Stewart, near the mouth of the 
 Hess river, there is an e.xtensive grove of this tree growing on a wide 
 gravel terrace about .'JOO feet above the river. The trees are small, 
 few of them exceeding nine inches in diameter. 
 
 Along the banks of the streams there is a thick growth of willow 
 and alder, and for some distance above the tree line dwarf birch and 
 moss cover the mountain ridges. 
 
 The greater portion of the forest growth on the slopes bordering the 
 Stewart between the Krazer falls and Lansing river was destroyed by 
 fire in the year 1898. This immense loss was due to the carelessness of 
 some of the numerou.s gold seekers who entered the country during 
 that year. 
 
 VEGETABLES AND FRUIT. 
 
 At the mouth of Lansing river in a garden cultivated by .Vf r. Braine 
 very tine vegetables are produced, including every variety grown in the 
 neighbourhood of Dawson. 
 
UPPKR STEWART RIVKR HKOIOS 
 
 13 O 
 
 The »nmll wild fruiU such as the rnsplwrry, blueb."rry. cr»ii»)eiry 
 iin.l red and bluclc currants grow in great profusion ai.d to ii large size. 
 
 IIAME AND KIWIC. 
 
 The large game of this region includeH bear of several specieM, wolveg 
 and wolverine, nioo-e mountain caribou and mountain sheep. The 
 principal animaU trapped for fur are th<i lynx, fox, beaver, marten, 
 otter and mink. 
 
 The rivers and lakes are well stocked with salmon trout, whiteti.sh, 
 pike and graylinij, and all the ordinary northern waterfowl are abun- 
 dant. 
 
 The salmon on their way from the sea to the spawning grounds ascend 
 the Stewart river in lorge numljers. Only the more vigorous fish are able 
 to.i8cend the Fruzer falls, but several are caught by the Indians at I^n- 
 sing and salmon were seen as high a.s fifty miles up the Beaver river. 
 At the mouth ..f Lansing river .Messrs. Frank Uraine and Percival 
 Nash have established a trading post, and a small band of Indions 
 live close by in cabins. Several Indians from Fort (Jood Hope on the 
 Mackenzie river make regular journeys to this point, trapping and 
 hunting along the route, A few white men make a regular business 
 of trapping on the Hess river and its branches. 
 
 This region offers a great f-Id for the sportsman and explorer, most 
 of the counfy In-twen tho Stewart and Pelly headwaters and the 
 M- okenzie being ijuite unknown. 
 
 Suitable boats, or canoes can be poled or tracked on the main rivers 
 well up into the watershed ranges Several of the higher mountain 
 groups offering sufKcient inducements to the mountain climber and 
 huntsman are situoted within a day's journey from the river. 
 
 The scenery is very fine, the mountains gain impress! vene.ss from 
 ihe.r situation in low wide valleys, and their colouring is rich and 
 var.ed. Some of the valley bottoms seen from a height have an extra- 
 ordinary appearance, suggesting a mosaic floor in which the pattern is 
 worked out by the bright surfaces of the cjuntless lakes and ponds and 
 the narrow dark-green laud areas separating them. 
 
 GENERAL GEOLOGY. 
 
 The geological information was guihered principally during the pro- 
 gress of the topographical work and although the ar.al .listribution 
 of the rocks wa« obtained in a general way it is of necessity incomplete 
 aud lacking in detail. 
 
 The important task of determining the sequence of the straU which 
 are represented in a new area such as this is attended by manydilli- 
 
 i- I 
 
14 
 
 OBOLOOIOAL lORVBV fa. CANADA 
 
 dim- 
 
 onltiM. Only hj cUne and deUiled itudiea uvur a rsgion wlier* the 
 raclH have been uiuob disturbed can the luoceMion be deftnitely e«tal>- 
 li»hed, and thi* clan* of work haa not yet begun in th<> Yukon terri- 
 tory. The work previouitly done hai been on detached areas, the inr- 
 veyn being of a reconiiaiManoe or exploratory character. The results 
 thu.>< obtained have never been correlated in a satisfactory manner as 
 the apparent absence of fossils in some of the areas leaves only the 
 unreliable connecting link of lithologic resemblance. 
 
 ()BOLU<iICAL rOKMATIONB. 
 
 A provisional classification for the purpose of description is given as 
 follows, beginning wit*i the oldest formation. 
 
 Pre-DfftmMH. The^ruupof various schists, quartzites and crystal- 
 line limestones in the area south of the lieaver river, 
 
 Deviininti — The limestones, ferruginous slates and ({uartzites of the 
 Og'lvie range. An account of some fossils found in these rooks i« 
 given in Mr. Camsi'll's report on the Wind and Peel rivers. 
 
 Upper I'alafozoif—A. large mass of white l>edded crystalline lime- 
 stone, forming the greater portion of a mountain g.oup situated north 
 of the Beaver and west of Rackla river. 
 
 Trmimio — The rocks exposed along the Stewart river ani bordering 
 mountains, extending northward and eastward from the vicinity 
 of Lansing river. 
 
 Concerning the rocks classed as Pre-Devonian it may be said that 
 they possess the characteristics ascribed by Mr. McConnell to the 
 group of rocks in the Klondike area which he calls the Nosina series. 
 Rocks nf this class outcrop at intervals along the lowe^ portion of the 
 Stewart river and they also forri a considerable portion of the be<l- 
 rock in the Duncan Creek district. Their nge is undetermined, but in 
 the area under consideration they are known to be older than Devon- 
 ian, and mi\y therefore be either lower Palaeozoic or Pre-Cambrian. 
 
 They consist, like the Nasina series, of ancient siliceous, 4irgillaceou» 
 and calcareous sediments now altered into quartzites, mica schist and 
 crystalline limestc a. With these are aswxiiated green schists which 
 represent in most cases basic eruptive rocks, principally dioritos and 
 diabases, intruded along the bedding planes of the older formation and 
 subsequently sheared and altered. 
 
 Quartz porphyries reduced to a similar condition also form a portion 
 of this series. 
 
 Rocks of Devonian age appear to compose the greater portion of 
 the Ogilvie range. 
 
 Similar rocks occur to the eastward .ilong the Mackenzie river. In 
 the latter region the rocks are practically undisturbed. Whether the 
 
W ! 
 
 Ill 
 
 «i 
 
I1 I 
 
 Siil! 
 
 '■■] 
 
 ■; : 1 
 
 
 p 
 
 t 
 
 
 1 ' 
 
 1. :■■ 
 
 
 
 1 ■ ■> 
 
 ^ 
 
 Ri 
 
 i 1' 
 
 ■ h 
 
 i 
 i 
 
H« ITEWART mviR RCniOW 
 
 13 
 
 c(.nti„uity of th« formation U prMcrvcil between th«»« localiiiw i« not 
 knuwn. 
 
 The cryttallin? liniMtone, pro«Uion«lly <Imm1 •■ Upper P»laM>wic, 
 n*t» unc-nform.hly on the ery.Ulllne .chiit., while it ia .pparently 
 overUin by Tri««ic ruck.. N„ foMiU were f„und, Hn.l th- cont«!t 
 with the ItovuniMi rockt to the north wm not uwn. A nimiUr rock 
 in«M occur., on the MacmilUn river which wm cImwI m C*rbonif. 
 eroui from the evidence of loiiie foMil remain* found in that locality. 
 
 Thi» occurence hIm overlie* cryitalline vchitU unconf<.rra»bly and is 
 followed by what are probably MeM>zoic roeki. 
 
 The n ckii grouped a« Triawic are almoMt altogether of MdimenUry 
 origin. Thin bedding and diven-ity in the colour and composition of 
 the LmJh are characteristic ft-aturei. They have been KrMtly folded 
 and crumpled in some loealitiea, while in other placet they are hori- 
 zontal. Cleavage plane, have been develof*d, and oerUin of the bed* 
 have undergone slight alteration during the processes of mounUin 
 building. 
 
 The rocks which underlie the eastern extremity of the aren marked 
 TriMaic on the ac<-ompanying map sheet arc chietly made up of sand 
 •town, grits red slates, limestone and some volcanic., while toward 
 the western end shaly argillites with thin quartziteand limestone beds 
 prevail. Beds similar to the latter also occur in the section to the 
 west. 
 
 The evidence gathered from the study of a few fossils found in the 
 area while not conclusiv,-, is in favour of referring at least a portion of 
 the series to the Triaasic. 
 
 A group ot rocks similar in many respects to the above occurs along 
 the Macmillan river forty or fifty miiea to the south, but the black 
 chert l*ds found in th ^ urea are aboent in the Stewart River aeriea. 
 
 DI8TRIIIUTI0N OK ROCKS. 
 
 At Frazer falls »he river cute across hard quartzose gre^^nish schiste 
 apparently crushed eruptives alternating with Unds of softer green 
 chlontic schist, and slightly schistose grey quartzite. 
 
 Between Nogold creek and Hess river the country rock on both 
 sides of the valley consists of greyinh quartzite in which are included 
 sriinp green schists similar to those seen at the falls. 
 
 The quartzite in this locality varies in the degree to which it has 
 Wn altered. The least altered portions are coniposecl of 6ne rounded 
 interlocking quartz grains in thick well jointed beds which bear evi- 
 dence of their sedimentary character in the form of ripple marks and 
 fal^e fiedding. When fragments are broken off, the fresh surface 
 16— c— 3 
 
16 o 
 
 OBOLOOICAL 8URVEY OF CANADA 
 
 11' i 
 
 ■ii i> 
 
 .' i 
 
 shows occasional specks of mica, but a schistose structure is only poorly 
 developed. On the other hand this rock grades into an extremely 
 schistose phase consisting of alternate thin layen of silvery mica and 
 elongated quartz grains. 
 
 Most of the intrusive rocks that are interbanded with the quartz 
 schists have become so altered, and secondary minerals prevail to such 
 an extent in their composition, that it is difficult to determine what 
 the original source of the rock has been. In the field they are nearly 
 always well defined owing to their usual dark green colour, different 
 texture, and the fairly sharp dividing line between them and the 
 quartzite^, but in some cases they have undeigone metamorphism along 
 with their containing rocks to such a degree that it is impossible to 
 separate them. 
 
 This group of schists is continuous with those of the Duncan Creek 
 mining district immediately west of this area. They extend north- 
 ward to the Beaver river, and are found to the south at a few places on 
 the Macmillan river. Their eastern limit is unknown. They are of 
 economic importance in this region as these metamorphic sediments, 
 when associated with basic igneous intrusions, generally contain auri- 
 ferous veins and appnar to be the source of placer gold. 
 
 About nine miles below Lansing river the schists are replaced by a 
 series of much younger rocks. These consist of dark, fine-grained, 
 carbonaceous, and greenish argillites, slightly altered, with grey 
 shales, dark, impure limestone, and narrow bands of sandstone almost 
 hardened to quartzitc 
 
 The attitude of the beds at this locality is vertical, but at their 
 southern edge is a bed of conglomerate containing rounded and elon- 
 gated pebbles which appear to be derived from the schists farther 
 south, but the contact with them was not found. 
 
 These rocks are exposed at intervals along the Stewart river as far 
 as Kadaleen river ; they form benches about thirty feet high in the 
 vicinity of Lansing river, and are the rock walls of the Seven-roile 
 cafion. The prevailing strike of the rocks is east and west, and the 
 attitudes of the beds vary from almost ho '-ontal to vertical. 
 
 There is i good deal of minor crumpliug and folding, and in some 
 places small quartz veins and stringers intersect the I)ed8. 
 
 About ttaiiiy miiea above Nadaleen river several low rock terraces 
 occur on the Stewart. The rocks of which they are compo^ consist 
 of red and greeu slates, sandstones, grits or fine conglomerate, gray 
 limestone, and shale. The sandstones and grits are very hard, and 
 are composed mostly of quartz fragments with a siliceoux cementing 
 material. 
 
UPPlIt STEWART BIVBR REQION 
 
 17 
 
 TASIW HOUNTAIXS. 
 
 On the slopes of the Tasin mountains to the south of the river a 
 good section is exposed, having a thickness of at least 3,500 feet. Be<i8 
 similar to those seen near liansing river are represented in the section. 
 The uppermost beds are the sandstones, and these beds form the rug- 
 ged mountain peaks of this group. The strike of the series is in general 
 northwest and southeast in this locality. They appear to fono an 
 anticline, with the river Howing in the axis of the fold. The dips of 
 the beds on the valley slopes are not steep aa a rule, and the series are 
 traverse<l by a system of jointing, the dominant planes ^>t which trend 
 in a northerly direction. 
 
 These rocks extend eastward for a considerable distance, as the red 
 slate beds which are such a conspicuous member of the formation could 
 be traced on the mountain slopes. 
 
 North of the Htewart river the mountains arc built of heavily bed- 
 ded limestone overlying yellow weathering ferruginous slates, and rocks 
 of this character appear to form the greater portion of the Ogilvie 
 range. 
 
 Rojks similar to those first seen in the vicinity of Lansing river 
 extend some distance up the Beaver river and to a point a few miles 
 above the forks of Rackia river. The contact in this locality is faulted, 
 the limestones and associated rocks of the Ogilvie range being over- 
 thiust on the argtilites. In a bed of dark, impure limestone associated 
 with the argillites and quartzites near the forks of Rackia river, some 
 fossil remains were found which have been identified by Dr. White- 
 aves, who reports the following forms and refers them to the Triassic, 
 but at the same time states that the evidence in favour of that view 
 is by no means conclusive. 
 
 Pdeeypoda — Some very imperfect remains of apparently four or fiv;e 
 species, two of which have much the general appearance of Monotia 
 subcircuJarvi and Halohia Lommdli. 
 
 Cep/uUo//oda. — Fragment of a small Ammonitoid shell, apparently 
 rather similar to Arpsdites, but which shows no trace of any of the 
 sutural lines. There seem to have been two longitudinal keels and 
 three longitudinal grooves on the venter, and the transverse ribs are 
 slightly flexuous. 
 
 The schistose series first mentioned cross the Beaver river a short 
 distance above the mouth of the Rackia river. In this locality the 
 schists vary in appearace from those to the south, being of difierent 
 texture and not so massive. Thinly laminated quartz schist, soft 
 greenish chloritic schist, and dark mica schist, and some bands of grey 
 crystalline limestone characterize this portion of the metamorphic 
 16— c— 2J 
 
 63%-. 
 
18 c 
 
 GEOLOOICAL 8URVET OP CANADA 
 
 n 
 
 !i 
 
 ! i 
 
 i;. 
 
 !" 
 h 
 
 \i 
 
 ] 
 
 1 
 
 series. Smn)l bodies and stringers of quartz are numerous in the 
 schiNts along the rauth side of the Beaver River valley. 
 
 Between Kacklaand Beaver rivers and north of the Nchittose area is 
 an isolated mountain group composed almost entirely of white crystal- 
 line limestone which is not invaded by any other lock musses. This 
 limestone contains some ssiliceuus beds and patches and a few thin 
 Neams of siderite, but no traces of fossil remains could be found. 
 
 Between the limestone and the schists lies a thick bed of breccia 
 contHining some large f raguieuts of grey crystalline limestone and dark 
 mica-schist. 
 
 IGNKOCB ROCKS. 
 
 The unaltered igneous and volcanic rocks represented in this area 
 occur in t>mall detached and irregularly distributed masses. 
 
 The moNl important mass forms the central p< rtion of the I«nsing 
 mountains, situated south of Lansing river ana fifteen miles east of 
 the Stewart. 
 
 The rock here consists of a coarse gray biotite-granite ; it is strongly 
 jointed and weathered into consp ' tus peaks of a rugged character, 
 which contrast strongly with th .oothly rounded contour of the ad- 
 jacent sedimentary rocks through which it intrudes. Another small 
 area of granite of similar composition occurs south of Ladue river on 
 ihe eastern slopes of the Oustavus mountains. This mass has appar- 
 ently been exposed to erosion for a considerable period and presents 
 smooth, gently rounded surfaces. 
 
 Small bodies of granite of apparently the same composition as the 
 above occur to the west and south of this area. As a rule they occur 
 in the form of stocks or cores in a mountain group. The contact be- 
 tween the granite and the sedimentary rocks is generally clear and 
 well defined, the latter rocks being considerably hardened for some 
 distance from the granite. 
 
 The remains of a dome structure in the bedded rocks surrounding 
 the unroofed granite stocks is sometimes apparent. 
 
 On the mountains east of the Beaver river and north of the Stewart 
 a series of diabase dikes cuts through the grey argillites. These dikes 
 were traced from this point in a westerly direction for a distance of 
 twelve miles ; they cross the Nadalecn river and reappear on the moun- 
 tain group north of the mouth of the Beaver river. On the mountains 
 the dikes form the crests of the ridges, with almost perpendicular faces 
 toward the south. 
 
 Sninll bosses and dikes of diorite fre<iuently occur intruded in the 
 schists on the mountains souih of the Beaver river. The highest 
 peaks of thei-e mountain groups is often composed of diorite. 
 
DPPKB STEWART RIVKR REniON 
 
 19 C 
 
 Andesite tuflF^, a»h-rocka and other volcanics are found in small 
 quantities associated witli the red slates and sandstones. 
 
 OLACIATIOX. 
 
 All the valleys in this region are floored witii deposits of drift com- 
 posed of a variety of materials and laid down under different condib- 
 ions. The rivers have cut trenches in and removed vast quantiiiej 
 of these deposits, but the depth of miterial still remaining is unknown. 
 Large patches of l.iose material still adhere to the valley slopes to a 
 height of 1500 feet above the river along its lower reaches, but in the 
 upper valleys the drift la mtle becomes thinner and .Joes not appear to 
 alter the pre-existing topography to any great ext»;nt. 
 
 Boulder clay or till, which is a direct ice deposit, oc-.urs in large 
 pntches at several points along the Stewart river between Frazer falls 
 anJ Nadaleen river, but none was observe 1 above this point. The ex- 
 posures of boulder clay, where cut into by the river, are at least 100 
 feet in thickness and present the usual steep faces with the upper por 
 tion carved into pinnacles and knots. 
 
 At the few points where the bottom of the thick sheets of boulder 
 clay was observed they rest on low bed-rock benches, but on other 
 points thin sheets of Iwulder clay overlie or are interstratified with 
 sands or gravel, indicating reinvasions of the ice after the general with- 
 drawal. Following the boulder clay on the downstream side there are 
 generally found non-coherent and confused deposits consisting of boul- 
 dei-8, gravel, sand and clay which appear to be morainal overwash. 
 
 Between these accumulations which may be terminal moraines, are 
 found deposits of more or less evenly bedded materials varying in 
 coarseness from fine silts to beds or layers composed of boulders. 
 
 Deposits o! ti s character form the greater portion of the drift along 
 the rivers, and on Ladue river they have a thickness of at least 250 
 feet. 
 
 No boulder clay was observed on the I.adue river or in the wide 
 valley between the McQu. ten lakes and the Beaver river, the latter 
 valley l)eing floored with fine river sand. 
 
 A thick deposit of plastic blue clay without pebbles occurs in the 
 middle of the wide valley of the Stewart about thirty miles above 
 Frazer falls, and a similar deposit was found underlying sand and 
 gravel beds opposite the mouth of Hess river 
 
 Some of the materials of the drift have been transported to points 
 far distant from their source. The hematite and jaspilite pebbles 
 which are caught in such abundance in the sluice boxes on all the 
 creeks of the Duncan Creek mining district have their source some- 
 where between the headwaters of Rackia and Wind rivers. In this 
 
 j 
 
 ^ 
 
 f ■ 
 
 
 ■M 
 
 M 
 
20 c 
 
 OIOLOOICAL SURVEY OF CANADA 
 
 caxo the drift has travelle<l foi a distance of 100 inilefl or more. Pebbles 
 from other rooks are knowa to have been borne over great distances, 
 although the evidence is not always so unmistakable as in the case of 
 the hematite pebbles, when attributing the distribution of certain 
 portions of the drift to glacial movements. 
 
 Judging by the character of the drift depoxits which have been des- 
 cribed, and from observations made in other portions of the Yukon 
 territory, it is evident that running water, still water and ice have all 
 contributed directly towards their accumulation. 
 
 During the glacial epoch glaciers descended the Stewart valley from 
 the elevated region around its upper waters. At the period of 
 maximum accumulation the valleys were all filled with moving; ice and 
 only the upper portions of the higher mountain groups were uncovered. 
 
 The general level of the ice in that area was about 5,000 feet above 
 sea level. Tn the vicinity of Frazer falls the ice reached a level of 
 4,000 feet and the westerly limit of glaciation occurs near the mouth 
 of the McQuesten river. Alth ;h the ice sheet was thick enough to 
 over-ride several of the ridges ar.d lower mountains its movement ap- 
 pears to have been controlled to some extent by the topography, for at 
 the few places where glacial groovings and striae were observed they 
 indicated a movement in the direction of the principal valley. 
 
 The events of the glacial period have affected the topography of the 
 Stewart River basin both by erosion and deposition. The hills were 
 smoothed and rounded in outline and the valleys were widened by the 
 removal of rock waste from their slopes, and this material was trans- 
 ported and irregularly deposited at certain localities where the margin 
 of the ice sheet was constant for some length of time during its with- 
 drawal. 
 
 In the higher mountain groups glacial activity continued and sent 
 down ice through side valleys after the main valley glaciers I.ad 
 retreated. The river at several points has cut through mounds of uu- 
 sorted drift which were probably the terminal moraines of these local 
 glaciers. These local glaciers extending acrou the main valleys 
 acted as obstructions to the drainage, and extensive lakes were 
 formed into which the glacial streams washeii their burden of debris, 
 the coarser material being deposited near the point of discharge, and 
 the finer material such as rock flour being carried farther before deposi- 
 tion. 
 
 ECONOMIC OEOLOOT. 
 
 That portion of the region which is best worthy of the attention of 
 the miner in search of placer gold is the area situated east of Mayo 
 lake and south of the Beaver river. 
 
UrPKR 8TEWART RIVBB RROIOH 
 
 21 C 
 
 This are* is underlain principally by schist* of varioufi origin and 
 character which are intrudsd in places by igneous rockn, such a« granite, 
 diorite and diabase. The bed-rock of all the productive placer ground 
 in the Yukon territory is of a similar character to the above. 
 
 On the accompanying map sheet a portion of the Duncan Creek dis- 
 trict is shown and the geological rulp.tions between it and the new area 
 to the east are laid down. 
 
 Colours of gold were obtained in the gravels of many of the small 
 streams flowing over this area, but whether there is sufficient gold 
 to pay for mining can only be determined by the usual process of 
 reaching bed-rock. 
 
 Physical oondititms on the Ladue river render it a singularly unin- 
 viting locality for the prospector. The river itself flows with a sluggish 
 current in a wide flat-bottomed valley containing a great depth of 
 mud, sand and line gravel. Most of its tributary streams are small 
 torrents heading in high mountain groups. South of the Ladue river 
 in the area through which Rupe, Edwardi and Nelson creeks flow, con- 
 ditions appear to be more favourable for mining, for although some of 
 these streams head in high domes, they mostly flow with easy grades 
 between low, well-rounded ridges. 
 
 In the area between Hess river and Lansii. ^t of the 
 
 Stewart at least four creeks flowing into those streams t known to 
 yield coarse gold. This portion was not examined by the writer, but 
 on Congdon creek, which comes into the Stewart from the east about 
 six miles below Lansing, good prospects were obtained by one of the 
 party in the surface gravels. 
 
 The same difficulties which attend mining in the Duncan district, 
 such a* underground water and large boulders in the creek bottom, 
 may be expected in these areas. 
 
 Above the mouth of Mayo river the gravel bars on the Stewart, 
 although slightly auriferous, do not yield gold in paying quantities. 
 Beyond the mouth of the Beaver river the bars do not appear to be 
 auriferous. The same may be said of the Beaver, and although fine 
 gold was said tj have been found in 1898 on the bars of Rackla river, 
 its principal tributary, no colours could be obtained by the writer's 
 party on that stream, but on a small stream nearly opposite the mouth 
 of Rackla river coarse gold was obtained in the surface gravels. 
 
 No gold-bearing quartz has up to the present ^>een discovered in 
 this i-eg.on. Small bodies and stringers of vein quartz are of common 
 occurrence in the area of schistose rocks described above, but no trace 
 of gold-bearing rock was seen en that portion of the area traversed. 
 
 A large body of quartz forming low rugged ridges crosses the 
 
 : ji 
 
 Mi 
 
32 c 
 
 OSOLOOICAI, SUBVCr OF CANADA 
 
 M ! 
 
 Stewart valUy alwut eighteen miles below Linaing river. Another 
 large body of quartz occurs on RmIcIk river, below the forlci!. Thene 
 bodies are apparently barren of any mineralization. 
 
 The existence of large bodies of iron ore at the headwaters of the 
 Wind and Bonnet Plume rivers has been known for some year^). Out- 
 crope of this ore were seen by a few of the goldseeken |who journeyed 
 to the Yukuu by this route. The drift fn)m these bodies is widespread 
 on the basin of both the Peel and Stewart rivers, being found all along 
 the tributaries of the latter as far as the mouth of the McQuesten. Iii 
 these localities the drift from the in>n beds is only found during the 
 processes of raining, as on account of it; weight it sinks to bed-roc!:. 
 
 On Rackla river, however, which apparently heads near the source 
 of the iron, large fragments are found on the surface. 
 
 The pebbles wherever found show an exceedingU' tine-grained very 
 compact hematite, some of which also contain thin Ijands of red 
 jospilite. Small boulders showing bands of pure ore four or five 
 inches thick were found near the forks of Rackla river. 
 
 The presence of these ore bodies is an interesting fact, but in this 
 region they are very unlikely to be numbered among the economic 
 mineral resources of the territory from a comraerical point of view. 
 
 APPENDIX 
 
 I ;» 
 
 LI.ST OF BITTERFLIE.S AND MOTHS COLLKCTED IK THK YUKON 
 TERRITORY BY J. KEELE. lims. 
 
 determined by James Fletcher, LL. D., F.R.S.C. 
 
 BUTTBRFLIKS. 
 
 Fapilio machnon, rar aliaska, Mayo I^ake. 
 C'olicu occidentalis, Mayo Lake, Aug. 7. 
 Colias meadii, it •, 
 
 PUris bryroniac, « m 
 
 Argynnis eurynome, m « 
 
 iryynnis rlutliclea, n 
 
 Argynnii frigga, var saga, n 
 
 Phycioiles pratensis, i. n 
 
 Lyectena arUiacU, n July 28 
 
 Erebia epipsodea, ,i m 
 
 .j«m^ 
 
(iKOLOiMCAI. Si IIVKV "K ("aNAHA. 
 
 Vnl.. XVr. I'AHI C, I'lAlK III. 
 
 mm 
 
 m 
 
 m 
 
 BaNKN ok KlVKK IIKAVEI. AMI IJol I.DEH Cl.AV ON SlKWAliT I{l\ KK OII'OMIK 
 MOITH Of NAUAI.EKN KlVKK. 
 
— iSW 
 
VPPBK niWAirr nivu rboiok 
 
 33 
 
 Surpmus bootkii. Curtia. Lsnting river. June 24 L*da« rlii 
 
 July 4. 
 
 Sutymui pa/ei 
 
 L. Liulu 
 
 . July 
 
 iva 
 
 -., - Stewart 
 Nadaleen 
 
 Eurymuu ofeidiutalt: Hcudd. Benver rivi-r, July 25. 
 
 Phyeioda prt«nii*. Behr. Stewart river above Nadaleen, July, 
 18. Ludue river, July 4. 
 
 Brtuthit charivlm. Schneider. Ijidue river, July I. Slope* of 
 Mount Ortell, July 16. 
 
 Srtbia dim. Thun. var mancif.n«, D k H. Landing river, June 24. 
 
 Ertbia tnagdaltiM, elrk. On mouotain Dear fork* of Rackia river 
 Aug. 2. 
 
 'Kneiijutta, Hliii. Stewart river, June 22. Liniiinjf river, June 
 24. Ijiduc river, July 4. 
 
 f'-nonympha kodiak, Kdw. Lrinsiog river, June 24. Ladue river 
 July 4. 
 
 Ertret amyntula, Bdv. Stewart river above He»8 river, June 22 
 
 Nomiades an'iacu, Bdv. Lansing river, June 24. Ladne river 
 July 4. 
 
 Moths. 
 
 riusia ioekenii, Mayo lake, Aug. 7. 
 
 Afelanema inaton^taria, Mayo lake, Aug. 7. 
 
 Ilyplioraia parthenoi, Harr. Stewart river above Fraxer falls, 
 June 15. 
 
 Dyacia orei/erata, Wlk. TAusing river, Jane 24. 
 
 Androloma mac-euUochii, Kirby. Slopes of Mount Ortell, July 16. 
 
 MetrocamiM prcegrandaria. On. Frazer falls, July 28. 
 
 Paragemin plantaginis, L. Lansing river, June 24. 
 
 Htmbmoptera 
 Tenthrtdopnt evatuiu. Lansing river, June 24. 
 
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