1^ €^ \.. \\ N r ir IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 ^^ I2i 1.1 ?. lit 120 lj25|U ij^ :%\\%Mk%\% Scm)es Carparation <> ^^ 13 WIST MAM STRUT wflurm.N.v. MiM (n*)l71-4S01 '<IV ,..iikji CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CIHIVI/iCIVIH Collection de microfiches. Canadian Inatituta for Hiatorical Microraproductiona / Inatitut Canadian da microraproductiona hiatoriquaa Technical and Bibliographic Notas/Notas tachniquas at bibliographiquas Tha Inttituta has anamptad to obtain tha bast original copy availabia for filming. 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Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mAthode. 12 3 32X 1 2 3 4 5 6 C( CONNECTICUT AND PASSUMPSIC RIVEES RAIL ROAD ! 1847. « I (in) CONNECTICFf AND PASSUMPSIC RIVERS RAIL ROAD. ii Incorporated by tlie Legislature of the State of Vermont, — authorized to construct a Railroad from the mouth of White River in Hartford Vt. (opposite the town of Lebanon N. H.) following the valley of the Con- necticut and Passumpsic Rivers to the North Line of the State at Derby. At the mouth of White River it forms a junction with the Northern and the Vt. Central Railroads. THE ROUTE Of the Connecticut and Passumpsic Rivers Rail Road for 75 or 80 miles from the mouth of White River, as will be seen by the accompany- ing map, is more direct than that of any other Railroad of equal length in the Northern or Middle States. Thence north, between the town of Burke and the line of the State at Derby, three different routes have been proposed, only one of which has been surveyed. The results are favor- able as shewn by the map. An examination of the other proposed routes may result in a reduction of Grades and an essential diminution of distance. The valley of the Connecticut and Passumpsic Rivers, North of White River, forms the natural business centre, and the outlet of one of the best agricultural districts in New England, abounding also with avail- able water power to any desirable extent. More than hoenty busineaa viUagea, many of tht'ui of considerable importance, are located upon the immediate line of the road within the first 75 miles. The first forty miles, between the mouth of White River and the vil- lage of Wells River is under contract, and will be completed early in the fall of 1848. The maximum grade upon these forty miles is 36 4-10 feet per mile. This division of the rood, being in the most wealthy and populous portion of ronnecticut river, north of Greenfield, Mass, and reaching nt Wells River a central point for a widely extended district, must prove immediately productive, and will insure the extension of the road he~ yond. Indeed the local business upon the line as far as St Johnsbury, 20 miles north of Wells River, is sufficient to ensure ample profits upon the investment, irrespective of the connexion with the Canadian road. ThoAortheni portion of tlie route passes through> an equally produc- tive country to Canada Line, where it will connect with the St Law- rence and Atlantic Railroad, leading thence to Montreal. . . THE CHARTER. The act of incorporation is liberal and ample. The capital may be llaeiwaied to $3,000,000. Tlie rates of toll may be «ataUi«bed by the Directors — " Provided, however, that the Si^eme Court on an appUca- tion)&c.i may alter or establitth the rates of toll for a term not exoeadiog ten yaars at any one time, and in such a manner that aaid .corpor€di9ni$heli ftat tf$wtt U$a than tteelve per centum per annum.'" AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIONS. ^ The following table of agricultural products is taken from the United States census of 1840. It embraces the counties of Caledonia and Or- leans in Vermont, and — for the purpose of instituting a comparison — the county of Worcester in Massachusetts. Worcester County has been selected as being very generally known, and ranking high as an agricul- tural district Caledonia County, Vt,. Nnmber of Towns, 1/ Population, 81.891 No. of Horses, 5.8;)< No. of Cattle, rK.6t)8 No. of Sheep, 100.88fi No. of Swine, 18,991 Bushels of Wheat 52.109 Bushels df Oats, 342.4;W Bushels «f Rye, 1.799 Bushels of Corn, 52.350 Bushels of Potatoes, 1.066.848 Pmmds of Wool, 183. 198 Pounds of Sugar, 665;)!>7 Products of Dairy, $21.5.377 Tons of Hay, 67.077 Orleans County, Vt. 20 ....13.634 3.462 ....18.209 . .4(i.6<)9 ...9.7.'50 . i;j.3.30l . . .2.400 , .20.186 ,.'>(i!).8: . . 107..'i80 . .507^144) $104,606 ...37.291 Worcester County, Mats, 65 9.'».313 10.657 .67.667 26.128 >•••••■• ^o*<% / <% 375.471 84.914 372J591 1.146.092 70.059 00 $511,073 Averofie valuaiwn .$75.00 .$1.9.00 ..$l.liO ..$7J00 ..$1.25 .35c 75c ....75c ....20c . . . .85c 7c .$10 The value of these products varies in tJio different counties, but ibr the pwrpose of inatitiKing a comparison, an average valuation has been amumed — and at the prices indicated, the county of Caledonia, with a nust prove B road be- Fohnsbury, refits upoii Ein road, y |)roduc-* 5 St Law- tal may bo led by the in appUca- exoeeding the United a and Or- [iparison — y has been an agricul- 3 Attract vfdvMtwn .$75.00 .$15.00 ..$1.S0 ..$7.00 , . . $ 1 tHi .35c 75c 75c 20c a5c 7c .$10 es, but ibr n has been ni«, with a jpopulitiQP qf ,Ali(891, and an aroa of 700 square miles, exhibits in the agpwgfite »^|\wtiojai»f i$^045.306.T^|:qMal to $93.43 for each injiabitujnt. Aod the ciQW^. of Worcester, with a population of 95.313, and ^n )M«a of 1500 «qH«]^ inil<^s,« valuation of $3.458.919.— Equal to $36J30 forocavh ijahabitaot It is admitted that the proportion of the whole population engaged in agricultural pursuits is less in Worcester than in Caledonia County, but in proportion to the amount produced, the number thus employed is ob- viously much greater. Again. — While in Worcester County the agricultural resources ai-e pretty fully developed, and no considerable increase can l)e expected in the articles enumerated,-^ in Caledonia County probably less than ono third of the arable land is yet cultivated, and no doubt, with a Rail Road communication to the markets, the time will soon arrive when these ai tides of produce will be fourfolded. Indeed, the iqcrease has already been very considerable since 1840, and the capabilities of the county with its present population are ade- quate to a still greater increase, if the means for transportation to mar- ket were sw;h as to encourage the production of a surplus. These remarks have been confined to Caledonia County for the sake of the comparison with a well known district in Massachusetts, but they are equally applicable to jthe whole region traversed by the Connecticut and Passumpsic Rivers Rail Road. MINERALS. Iron Ore is found at several places along the line of the route, both in -Vermont and New Hampshire. "In Ptermont occurs an important bed of micaceous specular iron ore, which was examined with great :<.•. — The beds of ore vary in thickness, from a few inches to three or < >ur feet. An analysis shows the following result. In 100 Grains <Per oxide of iron, 93,5 Grains Titanic acid, 3,8 " Silica, 2,7 « 100 li^qual to 64,8 per cent of pure inetalic iron."— i)r. Jackson's Geological RtpoH. The Franconia Iron works, twenty miles from Wells River are well Joiown. At Troy Vt. occurs an extensive vein of magnetic Iron Ore. " It is," 6 flays Mr. Adams in liis Geological report, " a nearly perpendicular vein which conforms in direction to the general direction of the serpentine range, and has been traced with more or less interruption for the distance of two miles. It is from three to five feet wide, and does not appear to be in danger of being exhausted in the direction of its length or depth. In 1844, 600 tons of Pig iron and castings were made at the Troy fur- nace, and machinery has since been erected for the manufacture of wrought iron. Analysis — Peroxide of Iron 81,20 Protoxide of Iron 13,37 Titanic acid 4,10 Silica 1,33 100 Metalic Iron 66,62" Lime Stone and shell marl are common in most of the towns on the Vermont side of Connecticut River, and extensive quarries of Lime stone exist in Haverhill, Lisbon, Orford, Lyme and other towns on the New Hampshire side of the river. According to Dr. Jackson, the Lime manufactured at Haverhill compares favorably with the Thoraaston Lime. An analysis of the rock shows 55,729 per cent of pure lime. ^ FVee Stone. " Two miles north of Orford," says Dr. Jackson " occurs an immense bed of compact talcose slate, which answers perfectly for Soap Stone, and is quarried to some extent, but may by proper manage- ment be made to furnish an almost unlimited quantity of that valuable material." Copperas. In the town «f StrafTord, Vt. some 2000 tons of Copperas have been manufactured per annum and sent to the Boston market. The quantity is to be increased the present year to 4C0O tons, and the ore is inexhaustible. Roofing Slate of good quality is found in the town of Thetford, Vt. near the line of the Rail Road. STATISTICS OF FREIGHT. Nearly accurate statistics of freight to and from market in the towns which will be tributary to the Passumpsic Rail Road have been obtained. These towns embrace the counties of Caledonia, Orleans, Essex, and half the county of Orange in Vermont, and the towns bordering upon Connfctirnt River in the rountirs of Graf\on and Coos, N. H. 7 These freights it should be noticed have occurred while the average distance of transportation by teams was 80 to 100 miles. A glance at the map will show that the amounts of freight in the dif- ferent sections embraced have not been in proportion to the population, nor do they indicate the relative productiveness of the soil. But they are in proportion to the relative proximity of the towns to Rail Road or water communication. According to well established data, the amount of freights and travel upon any thoroughfare will be immediately quadrjpled upon extending to it Rail Road facilities. While therefore this result may be confidently expected in the present case, the prospective increase of business afler the completion of the Rail Road must be rapid and almost unlimited, in view of the capacity of the country for agricultural productions and the immense water pow- er along the line. „. , Valuation Population Tons of in 184G. in 1840. IVeight. Nine towns in Orange County and J 702,694,67 16,659 9,947 one (Norwich) m Wmdsor Co. $ ' ' *",^~.^ «^,*^» Caledonia County 830,983,83 21,891 10,047 Orleans County 435,839,34 13,634 5,045 Essex County 141,835,00 4,226 952 ■.,■■. ,,-■■,'■,. , . r ..n. 25,991 Thirteen towns in New Hampshire } 1 1 1 TO bordering upon Connecticut river I ii,io» Tons, 37,150 The number of passengers in Stage Coaches which pass Haverhill and Newbury per year will vary little from 12,480. The estimate of freights embraces agricultural products — merchan- dise, including Salt, Plaster, Flour, &c. — Copperas, Lime and Free Stone, and manufactures except Lumber. The quantity of manufactured Pine Lumber ascertained to pass down the Connecticut at Newbury and Haverhill annually, is on an average — in Tons 26,000 This article is greatly deteriorated by being railed and lying so long in water as is required to reach a market — which consideration in connex- ion with the uncertainty of the navigation of the river, the length of time required, and expense of tolls, raflsmen &c. render it certain that all the most valuable kinds of Lumber will be transported by the Rail Road so soon as it is completed. These statistics it will be seen'.have reference only to way freights along the line, to which should be added a ^ f, ftirdier amount from th« *< Eastern I'owndupB" of Canadtf wUcb «rt|j a considerable extent under a higb slate of cultifvatioii. But while this local business is impmtanC attd" will' br continnalty in- creasing, it will embrace bat a moiet]^ of the businesr of tho nai rn Ln H itritall have fimnedsoonnexion with the Canadiatt^RaUlloads Msw'pro- jeotbd'Oid in coarse of oonstniction» The St. Lawrence and Mantic Rail Road, extending fiOltt' MOUX tM' through the " Eastern townships " to the Line, is alresdy undM cdntkltct from Montreal to Acton-^5 miles, and the work 6f gMding bas* bMH commenced. A portion of the iron for the track has beeil puH!tiaM(| and tfiis division of the road is to be completed in 1646. Th« con- struction of the remaining distance to the line Will be prbitoeuted sttfif^ setjuently, coincideht with the wtirk on thit^ side of 45" This St LtfWu rence and Atlaiitic Rail Road is authorized to conMrUct abrttnch from # point below Sherbrooke to connect their Rail Road with the citjr ctf Quebec. Sherbrooke is thirty miles from the northern terminus of the Connecticut and Passumpsic Rivers Rail Road, and the point for the ia-^ tersection of the Quebec branch iti ntorly equidistaoit from Qnebeo and Mootreal— about eigh^-five milei. The country behg netely levOl, and fiiv<»«bIo for con8traottOB%i dii# MUich to Quebec can hardly fidl of being built ; especially as it wili' form an avenue from that city not only t6 the Atlantic cities, but also id- diM6tIy to Montreal, by Rail Road. When these worics shall have been cotnpleted it iHtt be teen Ami iIm Connecticut and Passumpsic ftivers Rail llottd ttttkst do ait ettedshre (Jbvt^ business to Montreal, while it will form almost a direct lind for passengers from QOebec to Boston, and, in connexion with the liaeil in the valley of Connecticut, to the ciQr of New York. The amount of pleasure travel from the Umted States via Niagara Falls and Lake Cbamplain to the cities of Montreal and Quebec i»veiy considerable and is annually increasing. When therefore the lines of Rail Road now in progress of Constnie- tioo shall have been oompletedf it is fsaaotiable to auf^oae that either in goiii§ mr returning, a majority of tins pleasure travel will pass over Ike Paasaniprfe line. Jvm 1, 1647. i Ik p Mtti tUgrin- HT'pm- tsa^iA' ^ MtHkct rbMtt wf tbnr AMU-' ihtmi V fhsmai' cHy <tf of the theia-^ teeand .» ilaohi- hatdM "•■'■, ICMinTB W-' ' set Imd leliaei liagtn i»irwy •ft. nitrue- tlMrin irerihe if ^* "IF" <'^JI .y/^ ^7. m 12000 . .. Aon • '^■^' 'OJ X,CBCIH£Ett. l/.O. 1 1,11/11111^ /I'.isbw '^^ '^%.-. \ giaiiEuaiiB ^ / 'lir €>> ^ ^ ^ / '^/ifl^ Ihinviltf t£y lutii-l llimxv "■II.IK •'•»-, '1" / ii.'"' ,h« .h.« X?*' -^^ |i(«H" '/^ .'«/• ;^' ilictrwui .y-.. ^-.. l_. V, ^i '•4 ^1 % t"'. \^/^ s-b .^^^ *^. 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