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NUlll^ll^US NOTES TO B^^AIII TBB tfMAtn» or VBK PLACES OP BATTLBS, 1 i WARi. -)^^ AN- Ar waratotlW'tiBMorito^aak War.O^ >(< Bv siafluiEL^jBk i»ii!*K]a^:; f f EDITION WITH K^TES. :..sK>ofcV»' TM«M MMhiBfiliyHl oTour fiUhan ihould not bo a proprietor in the words Allowing, to wit = , , ^. _ . ,,.^ ^., "The History of Philip's War, commonly called the Great Indian war of 1676 and 1676. Also, of the French and Indian Wars at the 'E'Ml^ui. in 1689, 1680. 1692.1696, and 1704. By Thomas Ch-rch. Esqj-With nu- meroiu notes to explain the situation of the places of Battles, the PMtreul" Geography of the ravaged Country, and the »"«• or'"** P"»"P*' f^.?' engi«Ji.. tho«, wars^ Al»), an Appendix, e»"'~»''|P " ««°""' "'f %* •iSSment of the Natives by the early voyagers^ the settlement of H. aSwd by the Forefathers, the Pequot War, narratives of per«,ns csjr.- S^fn" captivity, anecdote, of the Indians. «.d A« »»f .-X^r fil Indian Wkrs to the time of the Creek War. By Samuel G. Drake. Se- cond Edition with plates. The unexampled achievementt of our fathers should not ^j»^*.^^ What war. they wag'd, what mm, what danger. pa.t. „ What glorious empire crown 'd their toils at last. Vamouu. irruIlngXYm^s'ire^iinlnintion.d:" and alj, to » Act entUW '•An Act .upplemenlary to an Act enUtled, An Act for »he Encourag?- _^V „r 1 ..3n. hv securins the Copies of Man., Chart, and Book, to S^Al^^d* ProrrS'of Suih'copies d^Ui, th. Om^thereta wnttl^aSS exLL, the bene^ thereof to the Art. of De-gmn,. bmving and Etching Historical and other pnnU. ^. ^^ JOHN W. DAVIS. { ^f jifi,$aelmutU. .C57 «10.' ' 11 H!!i" "-'*?»'" SHBPT •iQffUt. luvy, AiD. the Cnited >Mtrict, hu le claims M IndioB War 3 Eaitward, —With nu- le particular ipal perions lount of the iment of N. srsoni carri- jportant late Drake. 8e- rorgotten. VothingUm, Camotni." itea, entitled the Copies of such Cop* Act entitled s Encourage* aadBookato imes therein f l>a«(mn(, tDUMet THE EDITOR'S PREFACE. C/HnRCH's History of " King Philip's ' War," &c. was first published at Boston, in 1716, in quarto. It was reprinted in Newport, in 1772, in octavo; I have never met with a copy of the first edition, therefore I copy from the second. This is now very scarce and rarely to be met with. It is however preserved in some private libraries in the old colony, in the Athe- neum at Boston, and other literary institutions there and elsewhere. "' The lamentable manner in which Hutchinson in his History oi Massachusetts passed oVer the Indian wars, causes us much regret, and a desire to catch at every thin^ that can give any light upon them. He is particular in relating the witch affairs of the co- lony, but when we have followed him into Philip's war, being led at first with interesting particulars, he stops short and says, " It is not my design to enter into every minute circumstance of the war." But does not tell us why. This is the more to be la- mented, as his means were more ample for such his- tory than can now be had. In 1825 I published a small edition of this history, containing however but few additions to the old, which bemg immediately taken up, occasioned the early appearance of this. In an early period it was designed to publish the work as it now appears. Ac- cordingly many valuable papers and rare works had been collected, but not used in the first edition, on saganggggMiii" I m II I wmm r ^wu i .» i pwm»qiw»i i nn i iv THE EDITOR'S PREFACE. account of the magnitude and early promise of the '"^ The papers had been much forwarded previous to the CourtSreet fire, of 10 November, 1825, m the time of which a trunk was stolen, contanimg many of the manuscript notes, relating particularly to the biography of the principal persons that hgured n the Indian wars. These in many instances I could not restore, which is very much regretted; though "ot more than my want of information on subjects in general. But a consciousness is fe^lt,that some- lhi?g though small, is redeemed from oblivion, which will be thought valuable by posterity. Of such lentlemen as have had the opportum les of many years to examine the history of our country, together with every advantage from access to all pub- Ucl and private documents, I have every indulgence *° I^'iegard to the accurate performance of the work, I can only observe, that a scrupulous regard to accuracy has been paid; yet, errours may have been committed, but in no case inadvertently. And as our ^t authentick historians have failed m many of UiesHo nts, perfection will not be expected in me. The sSne indulgence for the commission of hteral errours, a?for othfrs, is solicited though the excuse fol such cannot be so good 5 ^^^ "^^'^ i'»"Jf,^f^^^^^^ simole and easy to be understood, my chie! aunis answered For so » all historical memoirs (says Dr. ColmanTshould be written." In a nmnber of parti- cuk™ I have deviated from common usage; but in none without good reasons, and to me satisfactory. Asonrinstanqe it is observed, that compound names of Dlaces in general, are written like simple names. Forrs de^Iiftion fr^m general custom, «o apology wni be expected of me, as it has been proved to be preferable by a writer of great emin^ e^*__ _ Philadelphia, 4to. ise of the irevious to •5, in the ling many rly to the figured in es I could i; though n subjects liat some- Ion, which portunities ir country, to all pub- ndulgence f the work, regard to may have itly. And ed in many cted in me. n of literal the excuse ng be found ;hief aim is 8 (says Dr. 3r of parti- ge; but in latisfactory. ound names iple names, no apology iroved to be » printedlaOT, THE EDITOR'S PREFACE. ' In conecting the text, superfluous words are some- times left out; but this [— ] sign is substituted, and the word or words omitted are given m the margin included by the same marks. When a word is ai- tered, it is also included in brackets, and the word given in the margin as it stood in the original, and mcluded in the same way. All words, presmnedto be wanting, are inserted between brackets without reference to the margin, and are by the present editor. All notes included by the parenthesis were by the former editor, and attached to the old edition. I should take it as a great kindness, should any person communicate to me any information where it is presumed to be wanting in the notes to this work ; or point out any errours in what is already done, that future editions may be more perfect. It being the particular design of this edition to render it uniform and consistent with respect to ar- rangement and " originality" of expression, few lib- erties have been taken with the composition ; few in- deed, unless pointed out as above expressed. In some instances however, some connective particles have been dropped and the signs omitted. But m such cases what is omitted was superfluous tautology. Therefore the reader may be assured that the text is correctly copied. From the present appearance of the work, its former t^rroneous composition is too easily discovered ; yet it is some consolation, that in- numerable errours have been detected, and general- ly, inasmuch as the design of the subject would admit. It was thought advisable to accompany the work with an Appendix, wherein something new, or of later date might be given, as young person? generally prefer new things to old. It was rathei :(>icult to make the selection for this part, not for wa^ of ma- terials, but because they were so numerous ; and so many seem to deserve the same attention. But the articles are authentick, and as interesting, it is pre- sumed, as can be found. I* #5 If! w VI THE EDITOR'S PREFACE. As there are different editions of many of the au- thors cited in this work, for the convenience of re- ference, a table, containing the chief of them, is here given. Title Aanrican AmuiU American Biography Aanrican Biography Annab of NeweogUnd Antiquarian Raearchn Annab of tha Revolution Hiatory of America HittoT} of Connecticut Hittory of Mamcbiuelli Hiatory of Maine Rutory of Hauaehiuetla Hiiloiy of Maryland Hirtory of Mearcnglaod Hiitory of Newengbnd Hiatory of Newengland Hiitory of Newhampibire Hiitory of Mewyork Hiitoiy of rcnnaylvania Hbtory of Mocthcarolim aUory of V. Statea Hbtofy of Vermont Hbt. Oolk Maia. Hbl. Soc^ Hirt.CoLN'.Y. Hiit.8oc. Hbt. OoL Nearhampahira Hbt. OuL N. H. Hut Soc. Hnmphreyt' Worlu MagnaUa O. A. Nar. of Indian Wan Kewengland Biography Newengland'i Memorial Newhampahire Gai'elteer Bun. Hut. Maai. bav Author A. Holmea .1. BelJinap W. Allen T. Frinre E. Hoyt J. Morie W. Robeition B. Tramhull T. Hutcbiiunn Sullivan e. R. Minot _ L. Bozman J. Winlhrop H. Adarot Mane k. Parbh J. Belknap W. Smith R. Fraud H. Willianuon B. Trumbull 8. WUIianu Where prml- Farmer It Moore D^ Humphreyi C. Mather W. Hubbard J. Elkt N. Morton Farmer (c Moore W. Douglam 9UI11. KKIH. «»■". «-T -- w- Tiavtb throughout N. A. J- Carver lar I T-»£kl* YVatM. R. Oalef VIWVVH UBB ^^anKae«««a* ^^ ' **- ITonden Invuible World Waia of Newengland. R. Oalef S. Penhallow Cambridge Boston Cambridge Botton Oreenfield Hart lord Philadelphia Newhaven Salem Boston Boston Baltimore Boston Boston Charleitown Phil. Il Boston Albany Philadelphia Philadelphia Boston Burlington Boston Newyork Concord Concord Nenryork Hartford Brallleboro. Bosloq Newport Concord Boston London 8alem Boston In addition to the above list, many works have been consulted, but the assistance from them has been smaller. Some of the most important are Hub- bard's History of Newengland, Stiles' History of the Judges, Whitney's History of Worcester, and the Histories of several of the southern states. The free use I have made of every author's works is amply ac- knowledged in the notes. Reference is made to some late editions of works in preference to the ""tinoj only as they are more uniform, but because they will aow be oftener met with. But in most cases such M )f the au- ice of re- r them, is ■ N.,. of Fam vdU- •2 II vo 2 1 1 8 8 1 i 1 1 3 2 8 » 2 8 \ 2 8 1 1 2 1 ■ 2 t 1 4 1 12 BH 3 3 8 vo i 1 A 2 2 2 1 9 2 3 20 4 2 i S 4 1 14 1 < 3 4 1 ISnu K 1 8 VO S 1 .1 1 12 mi V 2 8 vo 1 1 >i\ 1 13 BC e 1 12 irorks have them has It are Hub- itory of the sr, and the The free i amply ac- %de to some he first, not se they will cases such THE EDITOR'S PREFACE. vii have been compared with the originals. To two works in particular, it was thought most advisable ; namely, Penhallow's "Wars of N. England," and Prince's Annals. The first of these is now reprinted in the I Vol. of the N. H. Hist. Soc. Col., which, though not so perfect as it might have been, is, on the whole, a work to be prized. A handsome edition in octavo of the valuable Annals was published last year, by Messrs. Cummings, Hilliard, and Company, Boston. Though this is not exactly reprinted, yet, no- thing is altered, that I have met with, but for the bet- ter ; and, excepting a few typographical errours, is splendidly executed. Having already drawn out my preface to too great a length, the whole is submitted without any apolo- gy. And the publisher takes this opportunity of giving his grateful respects to all his patrons, and with pleasure subscribes himself, their much obliged and sincere friend. SAMUEL G. DRAKE. Boston, 2 January, 1827. *•{: [The following is an of the old edition.] exact copy of the title page THE ENTERTAINING HISTORY or KING PHILIP'S WAR, AS ALSO or EXPEDITIONS MORE LATELY MADE TOWARDS COL. BENJAMIN CHURCH By THpMAS CHURCH, Es«i. his son. "SE^ND_EDIT10Nr BOSTON : PRINTED, 1716. HEWPOBT, KH0DE-18LAND : BBFBIHTEO A«° "P^"" wloMOH .OVTHW.CK, 15 «UEE»-»THEM, 1779. ■mmMm* itle page rAR, 1675. IEL8, IS TH« triOENCG ,CH: S SON. D BOLD BT ,T, ina. TO THE READER. 1. HE subject of this following narrative, offering it- self to your friendly perusal, relates to the former and later wars of Newengland, which I myself was not a little concerned in: For in the year 1G75, that unhappy and bloody Indian war broke out in Plymouth colo- ny, where I was then building, and beginning a plantation, at a place called by the Indians, Sog- konate, and since, by the English, Little Compton. I was the first Englishman that built upon that neck, which was full of Indians. . My head and hands were full about settling a new plantation, where nothing was brought to; no preparation of dwelling house, or outhouses, or fencing made; horses and cattle were to be provided, ground to be cleared and broken up; and the utmost caution to be used, to keep myseli' free from offending my Indian neighbours all round about me. While I was thus busily employed, and all my time and strength laid out in this laborious undertaking, I received a commission from the go- vernment to engage in their defence : And with my commission I received another heart, inclining me to put forth my strength in military service : And through the grace of God f was spirited for that work, and direction in it was renewed to me day by day. And although many of the actions that I was concerned in were very difficult and dangerous, yet, myself, and those who went with me voluntarily in the service, had our lives, for the most part, wonder- fully preserved by the overruling hand of the Al- mighty from first to last; which doth aloud bespeak our praises: And to declare his wonderful works is our indispensable duty. h W-^ X TO THE READER. I was ever very sensible of my own littleness, and unfitness to be employed in such great services. But calling to mind that God is strong, I endeavoured to put all my confidence in him, and by his Almighty power, was carried through every difficult action ; and my desire is, that his name may have the praise. f It was ever my intent, having laid myself under a solemn promise, that the many and repeated favours of God to myself and those with me in the service might be published for generations to come. And now my great age requiring my dismission from ser- vice in the militia, and to put off my armour, I am willing that the great and glorious works of Almighty God, to us, children of men, should appear to the world : Aad having my minutes by me, my son has taken the care and pains to collect from them the en- suing narrative of many passages relating to the former and latter wars; which I have had the perusal of, and find nothing amiss, as to the truth of it, and with as little reflection upon any particular person, as might be, either alive or dead. And seeing every particle of historical truth is precious, I hope the reader will pass a favourable censure upon an old soldier, telling of the many ren- counters he has had, and yet is come off alive. It is a pleasure to remember what a great number of families, in this and the neighbouring provinces, in Newengland, did, during the war, enjoy a great measure of liberty and peace by the hazardous sta- tions and marches of those engaged in military exer- cises; who were a wall unto them on this side and on that side. I desire prayers, that I may be enabled well to accomplish my spiritual warfare, and that I may be more than conqueror through Jesus Christ s loving me. ( D li^ w ei ol cl in S ol P \ \i h v n g a w a P C e BENJAMIN CHURCH. less, and es. But eavoured Vlmighty : action; le praise. under a i favours service le. And from ser- aur, I am Almighty oir to the son has m the en- g to the le perusal of it, and ir person, I truth is avourable many ren- ive. It number provinces, >y a great irdous sta- itary exer- 3 side and ;d vvell to I I may be it's loving [URCH. THE LIFE OF COL. CHURCH.* c< ,^OLONEL Bekjamiji Church was born in 1639, at Duxbury, near Plymouth, of reputable parents, who lived and died there. His father's name was Joseph, who, with two of his brethren, came early into New- england, as refugees from the religious oppression of the parent state. Mr. Joseph Church, among other children, had three sons, Joseph, Caleb, and Benja- min. Caleb settled at Watertowm, the other two at Seconet, or Little Compton. Benjamin, the hero of this history, was of a good stature, his body well proportioned, arid built for hardiness and activity. Although he,was very corpulent and heavy in the latter par< of'his life, yet, when he was a young man he was not so ; being then active, sprightly and vigorous He carried dignit}[ in his countenance — thought and acted with a rational and manly judg- ment—which, joineu with a naMldly generous, obli- ging and hospitable disposition, procured him both authority and esteem. He married Mrs. Alice South- worth, by whom he had a daughter, Mrs. Rothbotham, and five sons, viz., Thcwnas Church, the author or publisher of this history, and father of the honourable Thomas Church, Esq., now living in Little Compton ; Constant Church a Captain under his father in the eastern expedition, and in the militia; and of a mili- •The life of Church wa» not added to the first edition.— But to the second it was, and was the last article in the book; excepting a Latin ode of one page, which is now omit- ted. This life containing some prefatory remarks, it was thought proper to place it at the beginning of the work. It was judged best to omit the above mentioned Latin ode to give place to more interesting articles. What follows was placed at the head of thn page. Ode Heroiea {rf tupoU Jleroia eompotita) Biogmphut praeetknti d{ffigenda til. 1 '■mimm's-mmKfmir I I XII LIFE OF COL. CHURCH. tary and enterprising spirit ; Benjamin Church, who died a bachelor ; Edward Church,* whose only son now living, is Deacon Benjami" Churchf of Boston, who furnishes these memoirs of the family; and Charles Church, who had a numerous issue. Colonel Cimrch was a man of integrity, justice, and uprightness, of piety and serious religion.J He was a member of the church of Bristol at its foundation, in the Rev. Mr. Lee's^^. day. He was constant and de- vout in family worship, wherein he read and often ex- pounded the scriptures to his household. He was ex- emplary in observing the Sabbath, and in attending the worship and ordinances of God in the sanctuary. He lived regularly, and left an example worthy of • He was also a Captain under his father in the last eastern expedition. t Probably the same whose name is found associated with the venerable James Oi^g, Samuel Ad^ms, Joseph War- REN, and others, as a " Committee of correspondence" in the memorable revolution, and to which he probably belonged when he wrote this account of the family. See American Annals, II, 300. Also the standing which he appears to have maintained among the fraternity of Masons, speaks his emi- nence. tWhat is here said of the Colonel, is placed after his son Edward, by a writer in Farmer and Moore's Collections , where this account appears to be copied. It must be an er- rour in the copyist, and one, too, which it reauired some pam* to commit ; not but that the son (for aught I know) deserved as high encomiums, but we have no right to bestow such upon the son, at the father's expense. But thus much were it intentional. § Rev. Samuel Lee, the first minister of Bristol, R. I- Ho wsa born in London, 1625, came to this country in !686 ; but in two or three years came to the conclusion to return to his native country. Before he sailed, he told his wife that he had discovered a star, which, according to the laws ol As- trolojty, presaged captivity, which unfortunately came to pass. He sailed in 1691, and in his passage was taken by the French, and carried into France, where he died the Mune year. See Allen's Biog. 381. Dr. C. Mather repre- sents him as possessing very extraordinary learning. See Magnalia Ghristi Americana, I, 548. hurcli, who 5se only son |- of Boston, amily ; and le. justice, and 4 He was foundation, tant and de- ad often ex- He wasex- in attending e sanctuar}'. e worthy of lie last eastern ssociated with I08EPH War- ulence" in the lably belonged See American ppears to have peaks his emi- I after his son g Collections , must be an er- red some pain* now) deserved I bestow such 9 much were it iitol, R. I. He intry in !686 ; an to return to I his wife that the laws of As- ately came to was taken by e. he died the Mather repre- earning. See LIFE OF COL. CHURCH. XIII the imitation of his posterity. He wfts a friend to, the civil and religious libeities of hip country, and great- ly rejoiced in the revolution.* He was Colpnefl of the militia in the county of Bristol. The several offices of civil and militsffy trust, vrith which he was entrusted from time to time, through a long life, he dj^arged with fidelity and lisefiilneBs. ^ke war of 1675, was the most impoilant Indiaii war, that Newengland ever saw. I^iuf or Meta- come^^f (aeon of good old Sf ASSASQIT4 <^^ his se- cond miecessor) had wrought up the Indians of all the tribes -through NeWenglfUB|di, into a dangerous com- •By William IthdMail^O^ t Tmrach the chiefs «f, savage natioqs are geneni^ eu[o| ^ '■ * Hi8t.N.lr.W. PhiUp,atdyferenii " ' iCingii/y«tk««s8ttiitb,thrr 'MMvenosttch £a aittoHg them.* Hist. N. If. 197. Philip, atd^ . ^ „^_ «f his jBfit^r was known by different name.ii^M atftrst,1ie was eained' ;Metaeomet or ll||«tacom. 'flp MortoA, 171, 173. Tbli eelebrited clii«ri)is ^een c«{|m by sMnetlhoagh wronj^y I contend, Kim tit the NarHiiiuiSets. ' If« was King or cbief ofthe Wdimtaieags, or PtH&noketa, the situa- tion of whose country ^u\lMMeseribed in my first note to « Philip's War." ib istrue that fhea«Indians as well as the Narr'agansets theiQSeWes inhabited about the bay of that name, but tlily ifld their Kin|;'ls well as the Portcanokets, and were independent of taeh otkor^; Different opinions Js^»in to hai^d /fflpevailed witji regard to this chief 's^pedjgr^; that: b, Whethm he w«fe a son or Sandsoh |>f MiMnlilBlt. Prince and ^nnnbnll inform us at he wishisgMkAdimi; Hutchinson and Belknap, that be was bis BOOS- 'Why lh«w'^«qiectable aiithota saw canse to differ, and not informm iS not easy to tfeH. These are not all the authors on eachwb, but nxM Maders are arorised of this, no doubt, befos«md taken thn .tirottj)^ to inf«mn then. 4 Prince, in bis text, writesrMasafleit : but |dds this note, he printed accounts Mnera9ysMltldipilua^ : Gov- ernonr Bradford writes him MM^S^^^aadHiaMSoyet ; but 1 find the ancient people from their :fltU|{lf* if PbiMuth col- ony, pronottuee his name IfaHMMMNit^' If<^^B. C^b. 187. However, the most preMibM w|y iwM^.to be llunasoit. Some account of the life t>f this -MstaaMnead «f the Pil- grtias will be found in the courts of this UMorr. 3 1 '•■'?' I; ■ >-f- f:n:'--'^''ifffll¥'i^ XIV ?rww^^^W''^l^""^^'P^pt'JBBBBB|P^ LIFE OF COL. CHURCH. bination to extirpate the English. It was one of the last works of the commissioners of the united colonies, (a council [in] which subsisted the great security ofNewengland, from 1643 to 1078) to break up this confederacy. An army of one tliousand Lng- lish was on foot at once, under the command ot Governour Winslow. Whoever desires further in- formation concerning this war, may consult Mr. Hul>- bard's* history of it. The part Colonel Church acted in it is exhibited in this plam narrative, given by his son, two years before his father's death. Colonel Church perfectly understood the manner of the Indians in fighting, and was thoroughly ac- quainted "with their haunts, swamps, and places ol ?efiige, on the territory between Narraganset and cane Cod. There he was particularly successful , ^ rfhat field he gathered his laurels The s^jrprisa and seizure of Annawon was an ^c* of true boldness and heroism. Had tlie eastern Indians been sur- rounded with English settlements, there »s reason to think that he would have been more successful among thern But on a long and extended frontier, open toTumenso deserts, little more has ever been done bv troops of uiKloubted courage, than to arouse and drive off the Indian^j^a^videjmv^ -T-JV^TwaU^ Hubbard minirt^T^fl^^ the best hi^ Jrhou.bTot; a;: t] been done ^detract fro^^ h.|n ten any thine but his N ahrxt.ve. To lus "^f "^^ ^^rect in england," ivfather is chiefly >«f.*'°*^'; '°^7' cbristi Ameri- • and benevolent mind, accompanied, as »t^«n^' J, ^^^ ac which he lived." Hist. Mass. U, 136. ■■A % LIFE OF COL. CHURCH. xv LS one of lie united the great ) to break sand Eng- mmand of 'urtlier in- Mr. Hub- el Church tive, given ath. iic manner mghly ac- places of ranset and successful ; ! surprisai .J boldness been sur- is reason to 5sful among mtier, open been done arouse and wilderness, 1, the best his- e except Mr. dantly prove, act from him and ever will he never writ- istory of New- it is correct in :bri»ti Ameri- uy. He died remarks on the ing, of a candid nerally is, with ik, waB not ac- :r in the age in where it was as much in vain to seek them, as for Cajsar to seek the Gauls in the Hircinian forests. The present edition* of this fiistory is given without alteration in the body of it ; being thought best to let it go down to posterity, (like the Periplus of Han- «of) with its own internal marksof originality. How- ever the editor in the margin hath given the English names of places described by Indian names in the narrative ; and also some few notes and illustra- tions. After Philip's war Colonel Church settled ; and at first at Bristol, then at Fallriver, (Troy) lastly at Seconet. At each of which places he acquired, and left a large estate. Having served his genera- tion faithfully, by the will of God he fell asleep, and was gathered unto hjs fathers. He died and was bu- ried at Little Compton. The morning before his death, he went about two miles on horse back to visit his only sister, Mrs. Irish, to sympathise with her on the death of her only child. After a friendly and pious visit, in a mov- ing and affecting manner, he took his leave of her, and said, it was a last farewell. Telling her, [that] he was persuaded he should never see her more ; but hoped to meet her in heaven. Returning home- ward, he had not rode above half a mile, before his horse stumbled, and threw him over his head. And the Colonel being exceeding fut and heavy, fell with * The edition from which this is taken. t Hanno was " the famous Carthaginian," who in a re- mote age of navigation, made a voyage into the Atlantick ocean, and "sailed seeking forthirty daysthe western parts," taking his departure from the pillars of Hercules fstraits of Gibraltar.) Hence some infer that he must have discovered some parts of America, because Columbus did in about the same length of time. He wrote a book containing an ac- count of his discoveries, which he entitled Periplum or Peri- plus. See a work lettered " America Known to the An- cients," Dr. RobertsoD's Hist. America, I, i. Belknap's Biog. I, 16. *>, iha XVI -^*^»«WWPPiiP LIFE OF COL. CHURCH. suf-h force, that a blood vessel was broken, and tlie blood gushed out of his mouth like a torrent. His wife was soon brought to him. He tried but was unable to speak to her, and died in about twelve hours. He was carried to the grave with great fune- ral pomp, and was buried under arms, and with mili- tary honours. On his tomb stone is this mscrip- tion. HERE LIETH INTEKRED THE BODY OF THE HONOURABLE COL. BENJAMIN CHURCH, Es^.; WHO DEPARTED THIS LIFE, JANUARY 17th, 1717 18, IN THE 78 YEAR OF HIS AGE.* J^ewport April 8, 1772. * «' High in esteem among the great he stood ; His wisdom made him lovely, great and goott. f. Tho' he bo said to die, he will survive ;^ Thro' future time his memory shall live." See a poem called "A pleased with it, makes a purchase, settled a farm, found the gentlemen of the islandf very civil and obliging. And being himself a person of uncommon activity and industry, Kb soon erected two buildings upon his farm, and gained a good acquaintance with the natives ; got much into their favour, and was in a little time in great esteem among them.J The next spring advancing, while Mr. Church was diligently settling his new farm, stocking, leasing and disposing of his atfairs, and had a fine prospect of doing no small things; and hoping that his good suc- ••ess would be inviting unto other good men to be- come his neighbours : Behold ! the rumour of a war between the English and the natives, gave check to wa.s industrious to do this, and, at the same tiiQe, used his endeavours to cause other tribes to engage in his cause. He was not ready when the war did begin, to which, in some measure, we may attribute his failure. Three of his men were tried and hanged for the alleged murder of John Sas- »>amon, whom Philip had condemned as a traitor. It so exas- perated Philip and his men that their friends should be pun- ished by the English, that they could no longer restrain their violence. Thus are some of the most prominent events sketched which led to this bloody war. The history of John Sassamon or Sausaman, will be louud in a succeeding note. • Pocasset, now Tiverton, was the name of the main land against the north part of Rhodeisland. Sogkonate, after- wards Seconet, now Little Compton, extends from Fogland ferry to the sea ; in length between 7 and 8 miles. t Rhodeisland, which was now quite well inhabited. It was settled in 1638. Its Indian name was Aquetneck, and afterwards called the Isle of Rodes by the Engbsh. X Mr. Church moved here in the autumn of 1674. ^itm I K 20 PHILIP'S WAR. ■m^ •^ his projects. People began to be very jealous of the Indians, and indeed they had no small reason to sus- pect that they had formed a design of war upon the English.* Mr. Church had it daily suggested to him that the Indians were plotting a bloody design. That Philip the great Mounthope Sachem, was leader there- in, and so it proved. He was sending his messengers to all the neighbouring Sachems, to engage them into a confederacy with him in the war.f Among the rest • It may be diverting to some, to introduce here what Cotton Mather calls an omen of the war that followed. " Things," says he, " began by this time to have an ominous aspect. Yea, and now we speak of things ominous, we may a at a time when there was nothing visible done m any part ofthe colony to occasion such noises; but that which most of all astonished them was the flying of bullets, which cam» singing over their heads, and seemed very near to them, af ter which the sound of drums passing along westward wai very audible ; and on the same day, in Plymouth colony id several places, invisible troops of horse were heard riding to andfro,"&.c. Magnalia, II, 486. This is quite as credibU as many witch accounts in that marvellous work. t The following is a statement ofthe probable numbers ol the Indians in Newengland at the time of Philip's war, also ofthe English. . . Dr. Trumbull in his Hist. U. States, I, 36, supposes there were in Newengland at the time of settlement about 36,000 Indian inhabitants; one third of which were warnours. Their numbers gradually diminished as the whites increased, so that we may conclude that there were not Ida than 10,000 warriours at the commencement of Philip's war. Hutchinson , I, 406, says that the Narragansets alone were considered to amount to 2000 Bghting men, in 1675. Hubbard, Nar. 67. says they promised to rise with 4000 in the war. Governour Hinkley states the number of Indians in Plymouth county, in 1685, at 4000 or upwards. Hist. U, States, I, 35, Beside these there were in different towns about 2000 praying In- dians, as those were called who adhered to the English ren- gion; they took no part in the war. In -v. ^^ ■'^• '''mmm m>mmmmi''' *M<'viJiwe.ti» MiUevsmMWiMMMiXMA .uwM»,i4M^ ^^-^.^mi H^ vim ^ . m^ PHILIP'S WAR. 21 lous of the son to sus- r upon tht; ted to iiini ign. That aderthere- nessengers them into ng the rest here what at followed. I an ominous ms, we may ixecuted for ny morning, d in the air, id presently shot, very ;. This wa» > in any part which moM which caniw r to them, af estward wai ith colony ip ard riding to e as credibltf k. ! numbers ol p's war, also ipposes there about 36,000 e warriours. ies increased, sthan 10,000 Hutchinson, considered to ird, Nar, 67, Gorernour ith county, in 35. Beside (praying In- English reli- In he sent six mm to Awashonks, squaw sachem of the Sogkonate Indians, to engage her in his interest ;* Awashonks so far listened unto them, as to call her subjects together, to make a great dance, which is the custom of that nationf when they advise about momentous affairs. But what does Awashonks do, but sends away two of her men that well understood the English language, (Sassamon^ and George<§ by In 1673, the inhabitants of Newengland amounted to about 120,000 souls, of whom, perhaps, 16,000 were able to bear arms. Holmes' American Annals, I, 416. *l>r. Belknap, in his Hist. N. Hampshire, 1, 108, says, on the authority of Callender, that " The inhabitants of Bristol shew a particular spot where Philip received the news of the first Englishmen that were killed, with so much sorrow as to cause him to weep." This he observes was very different from the current opinion. No doubt the consternation of the people, caused by an approaching war, had great effect in establishing every thing unfavourable of Philip. t It is the custom of most, if not all, the N. American In- dians. See Capt. Carver's Travels in America, S69. } John Sassamon, or as others spell it, Sausaman, was in- structed in English by the celebrated Indian apostle, John Eliot, and pretended to believe in the christian religion. But for some reason he neglected its duties, and returned to a savage life. About this time, or perhaps before, he advised the English of some of Philip's plots, which so enraged him, that he sought Sassamon's death, whom he considered as a rebel and traitor. And this is the principle on which the English themselves acted ; yet, they would not suffer it in another people, who, indeed, were as free as any other. The partic> ulars were the^e: Sassamon was met on " a great pond," which I suppose to be Assawomset, by some of Philip's men, who killed him and put him under the ice, leaving his hat and gun on the ice, where they were found soon after ; and also the dead body. See Hubbard's Narrative, 70, 71. This must have been late in the spring of 1675, but there was ice. Marks were found upon the body of Sassamon, that indicated murder, and an Indian soon appeared, who said that he saw some of Philip's Indians in the very execution of it. Three were immediately apprehended, and tried at the court in Plymouth, § An Indian, who from this time, was ver^ friendly to Mr. Church. All I can find concerning htm is in this history. ,* k-\ •ii 22 PHILIP'S WAR. name) to invite Mr. Church to the dance.* Mr. Church, upon the invitation, inunediately takes >vith him Charles Hazelton, his tenant's son, who well understood the Indian language, and rode down to the flace appointed, where they found hundreds of ndians gathered together from all parts of her dominion. Awashonks herself in a foaming sweat, was leading the dance ; but she was no sooner sen- sible of Mr. Church's arrival, but she broke off, sat down, calls her nobles around her, [and] orders Mr. Church to be invited into her presence. Compli- ments being passed, and each one taking seat, she told him [that] King Philip had sent six men of his, with two of her people,f that had been over at Mounthope,J to draw her into a confederacy with Plymouth, in June, by a jury, says Mather, consisting of half Indians, and half English, and brought in guilty of the murder. Two of them persisting in their innocence to the end, and the third denied that he had any hand in the murder, but said that he saw the others commit it. Perhaps he made this confession in hopes of pardon, but it did not save him. Mag- nalia, 11, 486. Mather places the death of Sassamon in 1674, this was old style, hence it was previous to the 25th of March 1675. Hubbard, 69, says that Sassamon had been Philip's secretai-y, and chief counsellor. To what tribe he first be- longed I have not ascertained, but from this history it appears that he belonged to the Sogkonate Indians, in the spring of 1675. * One might conclude this transaction to have been about the middle of June, by its connexion with the commence- ment of the war, but by the death of Sassamon it must be plac«d much earlier. t These two I conclude, were those, or among those men- tioned by Hubbard, 69, who discovered the plots of Philip, one of whom might be Sassamon. t (Or JWont-haup, a mountain in Bristol.) Why the author writes this word so I do not know, un- less it were so pronounced in his day. Its ancient name was Pokanoket. R is quite an eminence about two miles east from the village of Bristol, very steep on all sides and termi- nates in a large rock, which at a distance has the appearance of a large dome of an amphitheatre. It is apparently com- posed of pebbles and sand. On this now stands a small oc- tagonal building. From many places on the east shore, par« nee.* Mr. takes >vith who well lown to the ndreds oi' irts of her ling sweat, iooner sen- oke off, sat orders Mr. . Compli- iking seat, nt six men been over leracy with isting of half f the murder, the end, and murder, but he made this ! him. Mag- imon in 167 <1, :5th of March been Philip'^ e he first be- iry it appears the spring of e been about e commence- n it must be ig those men- lots of Philip, lot know, un- ent name was wo miles east !s and termi- le appearance parently com- ds a small oc- ist shore, par« PHIMP'S WAR. 23 him, in a war with the English; [and] desired him to give ht r Mis advice i/i the case; and to tell her the truth, whctlK the Umparne'* imn, (as Philip had told her) were gatluring a great army f" invade Philip's country. He assurt Furnival's Inn, having more craft than honesty ;" but in justice to him it may be observed, that the Memorialist has made every circumstance appear in the darkest dress, and not only of him, but others, whom, in- Mllrt II ;■ I PJ^S^Wt^- if? u \ u PiilLIP'S WAR. which among that nation is the posture and figure of preparedness for war. She told Mr. Church these were the persons that had brought her the report of the English preparations for war, and then told them what Mr. Church had said in answer to it. Upon this began a warm talk among the Indians, but it was soon quashed, and Awashonks proceed ed to tell Mr . deed, we hart rather speak in praise. All historians, with whom I am conversant, agree that he was a disorder^ per- son, of bad morals, and gave people much trouble. He re- sided first in Mr. Weston's Plantation at Wessaguswt, now Weymouth ; but that breaking up the next year, 1623, he next settled with Captain Wallaston at or near the same place in 1625, and the place being near the hill that separates Weymouth from Quincy, was called Mount Wallaston. Cant. Wallan'on with most of his company abandoned the plantation, and Morton usurped the government They soon found themselves involved m difficul les with the In- dians and with one another. They erected a Maypole, and (practiced their excesses about it. Selling arms to the na- tives being a breach of the laws among others, he was seized by order of the court, and soon after, Wi«, sent to England. No notice of the complaints against him bein^ taken, he re- turned the next year. He was afterwar.ls imprisoned tor his writings. Ho died at Apmcnticus in 1644 or 5, according to Allen, American Biog. 441. He has been ac- cused of giving currency to the story ol " hanging the wea- ver instead of the cobbler." The author ol Hiubbras get- ting hold of the story, has, in that work. Part II, J^an^o "; line 403, Stc, set it off to the no small ^".penscol the zeal of the Pilgrims. See Belknap, Amer.B.og. H, 318, Prince Chron. 212, and Savage's edition of Winthrop, I, 34, 35, 3b, where the passage may be seen. The latter author says it was not so, on the authority of Morton himself ; but as the affair happened at Weston's plantation, where Morton was concerned, it is natural that he should say the right one was hanged. In a note to line 413, in the passage above rclerie.t to. is the following positive assertion: " '1 he history ol the Cobbler had been attested hy persons ol good credit, who were upon the place when it was done." Early authors hinted at the affair, and late ones have «;">»'??'' "P""/*- The truth no doubt is as follows : The people of that planta- tion were in a state of starvation, and U stealing (rom the Indians had incurred their vengeance, which to satisfy, they hanged one ; who, Hudibras says, was a »'«-''"'l weaver, whereas the right one was a useful cobbler, whom they could not BO well spare. d figure of urch these 3 report of told them it. Upon i, but it was 1 to tell Mr. torians, with sorderlv pe'- ible. He re- aguswt, now ear, 1623, he ear the same Lhat separates . Wallaston. tandoned the ncnt. They with the In- Mayjjole, and ms to the na- _^ he was seized it to England. ; taken, he re- iinprisoned for n 1644 or 5, has been ac- ginR the wea- Hiidibras get- t II, Canto U, of the zeal of [, 318, Prime >, I, 34, 35, S6, • author says it If ; but as the re Morton was right one was above rol'erreil history of the )d credit, who Early authors ilarged upon it. 1 of that plant a- 'aling from the to satisfy, they liedritl weaver, hom they could _4%. PHILIP'S WAR. Church, that Philip's message to her was, that unless she would forthwith enter into a confederacy with him in a war against the English, he would send his men over privately, to kill the English cattle, and burn their houses on that side of the river, which would provoke the English to fall upon her, whom, they would without doubt, suppose the author of the mischief. Mr. Church told her he was sorry to see so threatening an aspect of affairs ; and stepping to the Mountiiopes, he felt of their bags, and finding them filled with bullets, asked them what those bullets were for. They scoffingly replied, " To shoot j)igeons with." Then Mr. Church turned to Awa- shonks, and told her, [that] if Philip were resolved to make war, her best way would be to knock those six Mounthopes on the h^ad, and shelter herself under the protection of the Eng ish. Upon which the Mount- hopes were for the presf ntdumb. But those two of Awashonks' men, who had been at Mounthope, expressed themselves in a fiirious manner against nis advice. And Littleeyes,* one of the Queen's coun- sel joined with them, and urged Mr. Church to go iii^ide with him among the bushes, that he might have some private discourse with him, which other Indians immediately forbid; being sensible of his ill design. Hut the Indians began to side, and grow very tvarm. Mr. Church, with undaunted courage, told the Mount- hopes, [that] they were bloody wretches, and thirsted after the blood of their English neighbours, who had never injured them, but had always abounded in their kindness to them. That for his own part, though he desired nothing more than peace, yet, if nothing i)ut war would satisfy them, he believed he should ))rove a sharp thorn in their sides : Bid the company iiliserve those men that were of such bloody disposi- tions, whether providence would Buffer them to live * He was ailerward taken in the war that followed, by Church, and treated very kindly, as will be seen in the prwi ii i). i i> i i i t'i - 36 PHILIP'S WAR. n P to sec the event of the war, which otliers, more peaceably disposed, might do. Then he told Awas- honks, [that] he thought it might be most advisable for her to send to the Governour of Plymouth,* and shelter herself and people under his protection. She liked his advice, and desired him to go on her be- half to the Plymouth government, whirh lie consent- ed to. And at parting advised her, [tliat] whatever she did, not to desert the English interest to join with her neighbours in a rebellion,! which would certainly prove fatal to her. (He moved none of hi» goods from his house, that there might not be the least umbrage from such an action-J) She thanked him for his advice, and sent two of her men to guard him to his house, [who]' when they came there, urged him to take care to secure his goods, which he refused, for the reasons before mentioned ; but desired the Indians, that if what they feared, should happen, thev would take care of what he left, and directed them to a place in the woods where they shoidd dispose of them, which they faithfully observed. He 1 [which] ^ wards commander in chief of the forces in fljis war. He was rMnofTh™distingtiished Mr. Edward Winslow, «^o wm al^ Governour of Plymouth many years He ^'^ born in S. and was the tirA Governor l?«-'"Newe^gland which office he filled 7 years. He died 18 Dec. 1680, aged J. ♦ This war was called a rebellion, because the l^n|"8n fancTed h^m unSer the Kin^ of England but that d.l not laniieu iii^u inicht emigrants from Ihe United Stat^sS'n Ihfcoa^Jof France, fnd because they were disputed by the inhabitants, of their rig;ht so to do, call them ,S vet, when the country was neither claimed nor im- J^oved', certainly, to tak« possession and W'?,YJ*;j'°J b^ari^;;£;:^^te=;f^st^^ tef^^b^^S'^^KedtlA^^^ marvellous contents of the Magnalia are read. 1 This sentence was included in brackets in the copy but „Vhave ",>propriate4 that mark to my own use, I substi- tate the parenthesis. > ;,^.- Mikt iir li i«»aiW** l> .'i l'iM HtJ ney) but belching out errours, &c." Seve- ral pages in that work are filled up to this effect. Dr. Elioi , N. E/Biog. 227, says, " It is evioent that he was not so bad a man as bis enemies represented." The reader is referred to that excellent work, for an interesting account of him. Allen, also, 314, seems inclined to do him justice, and is more particular. It appears evident that he was rather wild in his views of religion, and went too far, perhaps, in persuad- ing others to fall in with him. He came to Boston in 1636. from London, and was soon suspected of heresy, on which lie was examined. But from hb aptness in evading questions, nothing was found against him. He went to Plymouth, but did not stay long there, having gdt into difliculty with then- minister. From thence he went to Rhodeislanii of his own accord; or as some say, was banished there. Here, it is said, he underwent corporeal puniAiment for his contempt of civil authority. Leaving this place he went to Providence in 1649, where he was very humanely treated by Mr. Roger Williams, who also had been banished on the score of tenetti. He began a settlement at Patuxet, 4 or 5 miles south of Providence in 164t,iiut was soon complained of to the gov- ernment of Massachusetts, for encroaohing upon the lands of others. The Governour ordered him to answer to tli»' same which he refused, treating the messenger with con- tempt. But he was arrested, arried to Boston ajid had his triaL A cruel sentence was passed UDop him, being confin- ed a whole winter at CharleatoWn in heavy irons, and then banished out of the colony. In 1644, iie went to Englan«l, and in 1648, returned to his possessions by permission of par- liamenl. *t Who these two mett were I hate not been able to ascer- tain. Mention is made in the histories of this war of messen- gtirs being sent, but iii none more than two, and their nanicH are not mentioned. Two were also sent from Massachu- eetts. See Hub. Nar. 72, 78. Hutch. 1, 262. They wero sent 16 Jane, 1675. PHILIP'S WAR. 29 ho was an ight a letter ,ti the bottom n, and in the ut 11 miles. klorton's Mf- irtial. That the times, igion and go- Hiing and ro - aided accord- &c." Sevc- . Dr. ElioT, as not ao bad er is referred )unt of him. , and iainore ather Wild in in persuad- iton in 1636. on which he ng questions, 'lymoutb, but Ity with their 1)1 of his own ere, it is said, tempt of civil Providence in »y Mr. Roger sore of tenets, niles south of jf to the gov- ipon the lands inswer to the ;er with con- »n ajtd had his being confin- es, and then \ to England, mission of par- liament. able to ascer- var of messen- d their names ini Massiichu* . They weru from the Governour of Plymouth to Philip. He observed to him further, that the young men were very eager to begin the war, and would fain have killed Mr. Brown, but Philip prevented it; telling them that his father had charged him to show kind- ness to Mr. Brown. In short, Philip was forced to promise them, that, on the next Lord's day, when the English were gone to meeting they should rifle their houses, and from that time forward, kill their cattle. Peter desired Mr. Church to go and see his wife, who was but [just] up the hill ;* he went and found but few of her people with her. She said they were all gone against her will to the dances, and she much feared [that] there would be a war. Mr. Church advised her to go to the island and secure herself, and those that were with her, and send to the Grover- nour of Plymouth, who she knew was her friend; and so left her, resolving to hasten to Plymouth, and wait on the Governour. And he waitio expeditious that he was with the Ctovemour early next moming,t though he waited on riboie of the magistrates by the way, who were of the council of war, and also met him at the Govemour's. Re gave them an account of his observations and diaCoveries, which confirmed their former intelligences, and hastened their prepa- ration for defence. Philip, according to his promise to his people, per- mitted them tonuurch out of the neck| on the next Lord's" day,^ t^jwH tiwy plundered the nearest hou- liament. He was a minister, and a man of talents and abili- tv. His defence against the charges in Morton's MOmorial, HiowB him to be a noan of learning, and is worthy perusing. It is in Hutchinson, Hist. Mas. 1, 467 to 470. He lived to an advanced age, but the time of his death is not known. * I conclude this hill to be that a little north of Howland's lerry. t June 16. X The neck on which Bristol and Warren now are, mak- ing the ancient Pokanoket. % June 30. See TrambuU, Hist. Con. I, Si7. Ibid. U. States, 1, 189. 3* ! M 30 PHILIP'S WAR. -f ses that the inhabitants had descrteil, but as yet oi- . fered no violence to the people, at least none wen^ ^K killed.* However the alarm was given by their num- - bers and hostile equipage, and by the prey they made of what they could find in the forsaken houses. An express came the same day to the Governour,t who inunediately gave orders to the captains ot the towns, to march the greatest part of their companies, and to rendezvous at Taunton on Monday n«gnt,t where Major Bradford was to receive them, and dis- pose them under Captain (now made Major) Cut-, worthy of Scituate. The Governour desired Mr. • Church to give them his company, and to "se his in- terest in their behalf, with the gentlemen of Rhode- island. He complied with it, and they marched the next day. Major Bradford desired Mr. Church, witii a commanded party, consisting of English and somt; friend Indians, to march in the front at some distance from the main body. Their orders were to keep so far before as not to be in sight of the army. And so they did, for by the way they killed a deer, flayed, roasted, and eat the most of him before the army came up wi th them. But the Plymouth tor-'-s s oon • But an Indian was fired upon and wounded, which was a sufficient umbrage for them to begin the work. See Hub N^and i^tcb.I.96I. It appears that Ph'»'I! «:»'««!' for the English to begin, and to tU end, had s«ff"«d^^ men to provoke them to it ; yet, it was thought that Phihp S to restrain th. m from beginning w aooii. as w obserye.l in note 1 to page 17. At thU time a whimsical omnu.n prevailed, that the side which first began would finally be conquered. Hutch. Ibid, t In consequence of this intelligence Governour Winslow proclaimed a fast. H. Adams, 120. t June 21. 6 James Cudworth,aeveral years a magistrate of Plymouth cofony. Other hirtoiians styfe hi« C«jpt»>»'^«^^ '^".^fl 84 notice of this advancement. See Hubbard, Nar 75, 79, 84 X in the continuation of Morton. 808. where ,t appea" he was an assistant in the government between 1670 and 1675. iri'Mhiin II fifcriiwf i1V»l»iniWii as yet ot- none wen- their num- prey they en houses. ijvernour,t ins of the companies, ay night,! n, and dis- ajor) Cut- esired Mr. use his iii- of Rhode- arched thf liurch, with and some ne distance to keep so y. And so leer, flayed, i the army t"or'">s soon , which was a :. See Hub. Philip waited 1 sunered his It that Philip IS is observed isical opinion lid finally be lour Winslow e of Plymouth lut do not take [ar. 75, 79, 84. B it appears he S70 and Wi. m*-iv«" SKM SvK . PHILIP'S WAR. 31 mrlvcd at Swaiizey,* and were chiefly posted at Ma- jor Brown'sf and Mr. Miles't garrisons, and were tiicre soon joined with those that came from Massa- chusetts, who had entered into a confederacy with their Plymouth brethren against the perfidious hea- thens. The enemy, who began their hostilities with plun- .Hering and destroying cattle,^ did not long content themselves with that game ; they thirsted for English blood, and they soon broached it ; killing two men in the way not fur from Mr. Miles' garrison, and • Whether tlic Plj'moath forces were at Swanzey when the first English were killed doe :< not appear, though it is presumed (hat thoy were not. We are certain that they had suflicient time to arrive there. It appears from the text that they marched from Plymouth on Monday, which was the 21 .June, and the first Englii^h were killed the 24. The author seems to be a little before his story concerning the Ma.ssachusett»' men, for wc know that they did not ar- rive till the 28 June, and their arrival is related before the first men were killed. Dr. Morse, in his late history of the Revolution, has run over this history without any regard to dates. Nor has he tliought it worth his while to tell us there ever was such an author as Church, but copies from him as though it were his own work, which, at best he makes a mutilated mass. t Sec note 5 on page 27. t The Rev. John Miles, as I find in Allen, Bloc. 429, was minister of the first Bai>tist church in Matsaehosetts ; that in 1649 he was a settled minister near Swansea in South Wales. Hence, perhaps, the name of Swanzey in Mass. is derived. Mr. Miles being ejected in 1662, came to this country, and formed a churcli at Rehoboth. He removed to Swanzey a lew years after, which town was granted to the baptists by the government of Plymouth. Hutchinson, I, SO^speaks of him as a man discovering christian unity, &c. He died in 1683. , ^., . . § It appears that an Indian wu wounded while in the act of killing cattle ; or as tradition infbrms us, the Indian who was wounded, after killing some animals in a man's fiel«W' went to his house and demanded liquor, and being refused attempted to take it by violence, threateDing at the same time to be revenged for sach usage, this caused the English- man to fire on him. Ir-A 14^' S3 PHILIP'S WAR. soon alter eight more* at MatupoisoCj \V'f «l|osc bodies they exercised more than brulisli barbarities ; l)eheading, dism.imbering and manghng them, and exposing them in tlie most inhuman manner, \vlucli gashed and ghostly objects struck a damp on all be- holders. t , , , . The enemy Hushed with these exploits, grew yet bolder, and skulking every where in the bushes, sliot at all passengers, and killed many that ventured abroad. They came so near as to shoot two sen- tinels at Mr. Miles' garrison, under the very noses of our forces. These provocations drew out [—J some of Captain Prentice's troops,^ who desired they might have liberty to go out and seek the ene- inv in their own quarters. Quartermasters GiU and Uelcherll commanded the parties drawn out, who earnestly desired Mr. Church's company. They pro- vided him a horse and furniture, (his own being out ol the way.) He readily complied with their desires, and was soon mounted. This party was no sooner over Miles' bridge.ir but were fired upon by an ain- 1 [the resentment of] "• It was the sanlirday, 24 June, on Thursday, being a fast , appointed by the Governour of Ply'"«"V''M"FnT;i§ ""lao took place the 90. See H. Adam's Hist. N. England, 120. At Rehoboth a man was fired upon the same day. Hutchinson, f,26l. t (In Swanzey.) _. . . i Several places bore this name. The word is now general- ly pronounced Matapois. It appears too, that the pronuinci- !itiL tended thus, at^first, as 1 lindit spelt in Winslow's Nar- rative, Matapuyst. See Belknap, Biog. II, 293. tThe right must have been dreadful, but yet, it did not hiSder the English from the like foul deeds. Weetamore's head was cut off and set upon a pole. See note 2 on page 27. & Capt. Thomas Prentice of the Boston troops Twelve was the number that went over at this time. Hubbard, 7 j. Hutchinson, 1, 262. II Hubbard, 75, calls him Corporal Belcher. He makes no mention of any person by the name of G ill. ir There is a bridge over Palmer's river, which bears this name. It is about 4 miles north of Warren. pon wliosr urbaritics ; them, an«l iier, which on all be- ts, grew yet )ushes, shot ventured at two sen- very noses V out [— ]' ^■ho desire'l«''rj '*?« *& Annals, 1, 491 . The next morning, Hubbard, 75, says, that the Indians, at half a nrtle's dTstance, jho-t^J .^'f .^^ thrice, and 9 or 10 showing themselves at the bridge, the army inm-^diately went in pursuit of them. t Jane 2^. , .• . , 1 1 cannot find as any historian takes notice of this bad management of the army. The reason is obvious as Hub- bard lays nothing of it, whom they dl follow. Hence it ap- pears thkt Savage was wounded by his own companions, an &«'Hehadat that time one bullet lodged in his thigh, anither shot through the brim of his hat. by ten or tw^ve of the enemy discharging ?P<»n»»»»»"8fther, while he bidd- ly held up his colotow in the front of his company, ftubbard, ^6. Our author or Mr. Hubbard is in a great mistake about the manner in which he was wounded, but the former ought not to be mistaken. H (Upper part of Bristol.) ,.. . , » w JTow the upper part of Warren, which has been taken • ^ ' ..W Oln i i ii i i Kii < » ' eccivetl one V began, (no to retreat, if such a in army."* , and orders i,\ and hav- le direction g well hecd- ;re, some of einies,:( and and wound- ivage, in the 'ound. They of the neck, y took down to Hubbard, lid seem under >f the army diil on did not take wnot. Hutch- o the dates in :red it as I do. , 75, says, that rated twice or :he bridge, the ice of this bad bvious as Hub- . Hence it ap- ompanions, and ion nim at onc*M'**=" -^-^ H i te^mnf 36 M PHILIP'S WAR hope to Rehoboth,* where Mr. Treasurer So.ith- Zrth, being weary of hi, charge ol C^jH.m.ssary General, (provision being scarce and difhcult to be obtained for the army,t that now lay «t'»l to co- ver r people from nobody, while they were budd- ing a fort for nothing) retired, and the power and trouble of that post wa. left to Mr. Church, who tm urged the commanding officers to move over o Pocassit«de,to pursue the enemy ^"f^'^,'" ^'"^^^^^ which would in his opinion be more probab e to keep possession of the neck, thaii to tarry to b">ld a fort4 He was still restless on that side of the rner, and the rather, because of his prom.se to the s'- H"'*""; "J" sets aereed, to harbour none of Phihp'3 people, 6tc. , aii which';" only forced upon them, -Jfj^^-g^llt'JneS longer than the army was present. 1 he army then retui nea to Taunton, 17 June. 6 I learn nothing more of this gentleman than is fo«n'l i" thiVhiXv The name is common m Massachusetts and etS'i^ He had 6 files each containing 6 men, therefore their whole number consisted ot 36 men only. 1 "iiMi 111 rcr South- ^jnimissary difficult to still to co- were build- I power and lurch, who ove over to kill Philip, ible to keep uild a fort.J e river, and e s.a. -.1^.- •'■^'f^'ie^'-^ ' -r-^j-^im MTi »! * m « *i»H it» m W rt ll PHILIP'S WAR. 37 tiers* concerning the fort, and withal an order for < 'apfain Fuller with six files to cross the river to the -ide so much insisted on, and to try if he could get speech with any of the Pocasset or Sogkonate In- (linns, and that Mr. Church should go [as] his second. Upon the Captain's receiving his orders, he asked Mr. Church whether he were willing to engage in This riitcrprise ; to whom it was indeed too agreeable to l>e declined; though he thought the enterprise was ii;i/.ardous enough for them to have [had] more men iissigned them. Captain Fuller told him, that for ills own part, he was grown ancient and heavy, [and] he feared the travel and fatigue would be too much for him. But Mr. Church urged him, and told him [that] he would cheerfully excuse him his hardship and travel, and take that part to himself, if he might but go ; for he had rather do any thing in the world, than to stay there to build the fort. Then they drew out the number assigned them, and marched the same nightf to the ferry, J and were ' From Major Cudworth, who did not go with the rest of llio army into the country of the Narragansets. Hub. 84. •f No author that I have seen, excepting Mr. Hubbard, lixos any date to this memorable part of Philip's War. Nei- ilier Hiitchini«on nor Trumbull takes any noticeofit. Hub- liar(l.84,say, "Upon Thursday, July 7, Captain Fuller and I ,ipiitenaiit Church went into Pocasset to seeit after the ene- iin,"' Sip. But he is in an errour about the day of the week or month, and perhaps both ; for I find that the 7 July falls oil Wednesday ; an errour which might easily have happened in some former edition of his Narrative. Though this scru- tiny may seem unimportant, yet, the transaction, it must be allowed, merits particular attention ; for history without ilironology may be compared to the trackless desert over which we mav wander in vain for relief. Most authors since Mr. Hubbard's time, pass lightly over this event, and either think it not worth fixing a date to, or doubting the authority of Mr. Hubbard. But I am induced to believe, that the day of the month is right, and that the day of the week is wroug. If this be the case, we are able to fix the date of the battle of the Peasiieldou July 8. J Bristol ferry. 4 I: •».< ■ ■:V-| ''™"<' •,!«(!»»• I'-'JJjjS-i '1' ''j/^ 38 PHILIP'S WAR. . i; transported to llhodeisland, from whence, tl>e next night they got passage over to Pocasset side in Rhode- island boats, and concludeH there to dispose them- selves in two ambuscades before day, hoping to sur- prise some of the enemy by their falling into one or other of their ambushments. But Captain Fuller s party being troubled with the epidemical plague of lust after "tobacco, must needs strike fire to smoke it.* And thereby discovered themselves to a party of the enemy coming up to them, who immediately fled with great precipitation. ■ This ambuscade drew off about break of day, per- ceiving [that] they were discovered, the other con- tinued in their post until the time assigned them, and the light and heat of the sun rendered their sta- tion both insignificant and troublesome, and then re- turned unto the place of rendezvous ; wiiere they were acquainted with the other party's disappoint- ment, and the occasion of it. Mr. Church calls for the breakfast he had ordered to be brought over in the boat, but the man that had the charge of it, con- fessed that he was asleep when the boat's men call- ed him, and in haste came away and never thought of it. It happened that Mr. Church had a fanston,f (the 1 llhodeisland, to lat he smoked to- hat he smoked it, information of 80 Rhodeisland, but IS Ihpre ever wa» >anston nerpetu- appears tnat Mr. year, 1675; vet ugh this name nag imbuU's Conn. I, |., Governour of I raganset, in Scp- «lie authority and lonnecticut. The protested againit PHILIP'S WAR. 39 Governour's Lady of Rhodeisland) gave him when lie came off the island, wktfch he divided among the company, which was all the provisions they had. Mr. rimrch, after their slender breakfast, proposed to Captain Fuller, that he would march in quest ol tlie enemy, with such of the company as would be willing to march with him, which he complied with, though with a great deal of scruple ; because of his small numbers, and the extreme hazard he foresaw must attend them.* But some of the company reflected ujion Mr. Church, that notwithstanding his talk on the other side of the river, he had not shown them any In- dians since they came over ; which now moved him to tell them, that, if it were their desire to see In- dians, he believed he should now soon show them what they should say was enough. The number allowed himf soon drew off to him, which could not be many ; because their whole com- pany consisted of no more than thirty-six. They moved towards Sogkonate, until they came to the brookj that runs into Nunnaquahqat§ neck, where they discovered a fresh and plain track, which his usurpation, and declared his acts to be utterly void." Thus the spirit of feeling between the two colonies at thu period is discovered. • Captain Fuller had not proceeded far, before he fell in with a large number of the enemy, but fortunately he was in the vicinity of the water, and more fortunately, near an old house, in which he sheltered himself and men until a vessel discovered and conveyed them ofl', with no other logs, than having two men wounded. He had 17 men in his com- pany. t Nineteen. Hubbard, 85, says, that Mr. Church had not above 15 men. t This brook is that which empties into the bay nearly a mile south wanl from Howland's ferry. The road to LUtle Complon, here, follows the shore of the bay, and crosses said brook where it meets the bay. §No\v called Quaucut, a small strait near the brook just mentioned. 1 f ■;l /•-' "■■'flppi' immum^ w" liWi" 40 PHILIP'S NVAR. they concluded to be from llic great pine swam|i, about a mile from the road that leads to Sogkonatf. " Now," says Mr. Church, to his men, " if we follow this track, no doubt but we shall soon see Indians enough." They expressed their willingness to fol- low the track, and moved [on] in it ; but [they] had not gone far, before one of them narrowly escaped being bit with a rattlesnake ; and the woods that the track led them through was haunted much with thos*> snakes, which the little company seemed more to be afraid of, than the black serpents they were in quest of; and therefore bent their course anothoi way to a place where they thought it probable to find some of the enemy. Had they kept the track to the pine swamp, they had been certain of- meet- ing Indians enough, but not so certain that any ol them should have returned to give [an] account how many. Now they passed down into Punkatees* neck, and i:s their march discovered a large wigwam full oi Indian truck, which the soldiers were for loadin<,' themselves with, until Mr. Church forbid it ; telling them they might expect soon to have their hands full and business without caring for plunder. Then crossing the head of the creek into the neck, they a;: tin discovered fresh Indian tracks ; [which had] very lately passed before them '.nto the neck. They then got privately and undiscovered unto the fence of Captain Almy'sf peas field, and divided into two parties; Mr. Church keeping the one party wUli •Apoint of land running south nearly two miles between the bay and Little Compton, and a little more than a mile wide. On Loekwood's map of Rhodeisland it is called Pun- catest. Iti» the southern extremity of Tiverton, and has been kno»vn by the name of Pocasse* nock. t Captain John Alroy, who lived on Rhodeisland; the same, I presume, mentioned in the lieeinning of this history. The land is now owned by people of the same name, and Mr. Sanford Almy, an aged gentleman, lives near the spot. i^' ^ .. ,^^i*M«>t^ .fv^ » X ift [iw t'iitiiStm IMP swamp, rfogkonatf . Cwe follow sec Indian> iiess to fol- [tlieyj hud ny escaped woods that much with emt'd more ley were in rse another probable to »t the traek in ot'meet- ihat any ol ccount how * neck, and tram full oi° for loadin the fence ed into two party with liles bclwcei\ than a mile \n called Pun- rton, and hae Ifisland ; the r this history. in nanir, and ■ar the »i>ot. ilW t li li l ' PHILIP'S WAR. 41 himself, sent the other with Lake,* who was ac- quainted with the ground, on the other side. Two Indians were soon discovered coming out of the peas field towards them, when Mr. Church and those that were with him, concealed themselves from them by falling Hat on the ground, but the other division, not using the same caution, was seen by the enemy, which occasioned them to run, which, when Mr. Church perceived, he showed himself to them, and called ; telling them he desired but to speak with them, and would not hurt them. But they ran and Church pursued. The Indians climbed over a fence, and one of them facing about, discharged his piece, but without effect, on the English. One of the Eng- lish soldiers ran up to the fence smd fired upon him that had discharged his piece, and they concluded by the yelling they heard, that the Indian was wound- ed. But the Indians soon got into the thickets, whence they saw them no more for the present. Mr. Church then marching over a plane piece of ground where the woods were very thick on one side, ordered his little company to march at a double distance to make as big a show, (if they should be discovered,) as might be. But before they saw any body they were saluted with a volley of fifty or six- ty guns. Some bullets came very surprisingly near Mr. Church, who starting, looked behind him to see what was become of his men, expecting to have seen half of them dead ; but seeing them all upon their legs, and briskly firing at the smokes of the enemies' guns ; ffor that was all that was then to be 8een.)t He olessed God, and called to his men W • As the name of Lake u not mentioned any where else in this history, I cannot deteriiiine who this was. t This was indeed very remarkable, as it appears that nothing prevented the Inilians from taking deliberate aim. The truth of the text must not be doubted, but certainly Jove never worked a Kreatcr miracle in favour of the TroJMl| At the siege of Troy, than Hesper now did for our heroei. II ■■4 ::'i ' 'f !'<,. •' ■"1 - via^- t*"* ' w ^ ' i y ''wpiy''"**""!'^^'*''*''y PHILIP'S WAR. 42 not to discharge all their guns at once, lest tiie ene- my should take the advantage of such an opportuni- ty to run upon them with their hatchets. Their next motion was immediately into the peas field.* When they came to the fence, Mr. Church bid as many as had not discharged their guns to clap under the fence and lie close, while the others, at some distance in the field, stood to charge ; ho|»- ing, that if the enemy should creep to the fence, (to gain a shot at those that were charging their guns,) they might be surprised by those that lie un- der the fence. But casting his eyes to the side of the hill above them, the hill seemed to move., bemg covered over with Indians, witli their bright guns glittering in the sun, and running in a circumference with a design to surround them. Seeing such multitudes surrounding him and his little company, it put him upon thinking what was become of the boats that were ordered to attend him. and looking up, he spied them ashore at Sandy- point,! on the island side of the river,t with a num- ber of horse and foot by thorn, and wondered what should be the occasion ; until he was afterwards ni- formed that the boats had been over that morninjj from the island, and had landed a parly of men ai Fogland, that were designed in Punkatees neck lo fetch off some cattle and horses, but were am- • (Tivp-ion shore alumt half a mile above Fogland ferry.) The Mtuation of Punkatees is ^iven in a iirece.ling note. It contains nearly two square miles, and it is suftuient to know that it contained the ground on which this battle wa* fought. t There are two Sandy points on thf UhodeJMland shore, one above and the other below Fogland feriy this was that above. Fogland ferry connects the island with Punkatees and is near the middle of it. tThe bay is meant. It being narrow, or from throe foMthflto a mile wide, is somctiincs called a •''vc'-. »"•'•" •»<^ old chtrterit, Narraganscl liver. Sec Douglass, I, S»». l^ll)l»l■»»>■ WlJlLll l iiiii i'l i I W Hw l iailWn St the ene- opportuni- to the peas lit. Church ir guns to the otliers, irge ; ho|»- the fence, rging their hat lie. un- ihe side of love.. being >right guns ;uinlt'rence liin and his ; what was iUtend him. at Sandy - kith a num- dered what ervvards in- at morning of men at lies neck to were am- ijlanil ferry.) 'cctlin|[ notf. sufficient to lis battle wa«. iMlanrt shore, this was that h Punkatees r from throe er, and in the w, I, 898. PHILIP'S WAR. 43 buscaded, and many of them wounded by tJie ene- ray.* Now our grnitlcman's courage and conduct were both put to the test. He encouraged his men, and ojders some to run and take a wall for shelter be- fore the enemy gained it. It was time for them now to think of escaping if they knew which way. Mr. Church orders his men to strip to their white shirts, that tlie islanders might discover them to be Eng- lishmen, and then orders three guns to be fired dis- tinctly, hoping [that] it might be observed by their friendii on the opposite shore. The men that were ordered to take the wall being very hungry, stop- ped a while among the peas to gather a few, be- ing al)()ut four rods from the wall. The enemy from behind, hailed them with a shower of bullets. But soon all but one came tumbling over an old hedge, down the bank, where Mr. Church and the rest were, and tohl him, that his brother, B. Southworth,f who was the man that was missiiig, was killed ; that thev .saw him fall. And so they did indeed see him fall, but it was without a shot, and lay no longer than till he had an opportunity to clap a bullet into one of the enemies' foreheads, and then came running to his company. The meanness of the English powder was now their greatest misfortune. When they were imme- diately upon this beset with multitudes of Indians, who possessed themselves of every rock, stump, tree or fence, that was in sight, firing upon thein with out • It is mentioned in a later part of this history, that Mr. Church's servant was woundetf at Pocasset, while there after cattle. This is the time alluded to. Hubbard, 86, says that " five men coming from Uhodeisland, to look up their cattle upon Pocasset neck, were assaulted by the same Indians ; one of the five was Captain Church's servant, who had his l?jr broken in the skirmish, the rest hardly escaping with their lives ;" and, that " this was the first time that ever MV mischief was ilone by tiie Indians upon Pocaaset neck.^ This was on the same day of the battle of Punkatee*. t Brothtr in law to Mr. Church. •*■* i \ ! • I. t- umun'j ww— ^w'ww?^^''*''^ '^"^ III: ! It ft PHILIP'S WAR. ceasing ; while they had no other shelter but a sniall bank, and bit of a water fence.* And yet, to add to the disadvantage of this little handful of distressed me I, the Indians also possessed themselves ol the ruins of a stone house, that overlooked them. So that, now, they had no way to prevent lying quite open to some or other of the enemy, but to heap up stones before them, as they did ; and still bravely and won- derfully defended themselves against all the num- bers of the enemy, .u ; 1 At length came over one of the boats trom the isl- and shore, but the enemy plied their shot so warmly to her, as made her keep at some distnnce. Mr. Church desired them to send their canoe ashore, to fetch them on board ; but no persuasions nor argu- ments could prevail with them to bring their canoe to shore ; which some of Mr. Church s men per- ceiving, began to cry out, for God"s sake to take them off, for their ammunition was spent «kc. Mr. Church being sensible of the danger of the enemy s hearing their complaints, and being made acquaint- ed with the weakness and scantiness ol their amniuni- tion, fierc-ly called to the boat's maimer, and bid him either send his canoe ashore, or else be gone presently, or he would lire upon h.in. Awav goes the boat, and leaves them sti I to shill for themselves. But then another difficulty arose; the enemy, seeing the boat leave them, were reani- mated, and fired thicker and faster than ever. Up- on which, some of the men, that were lightest of foot, began to talk of attempting an escape by Hight, un- til Mr. Church solidly convinced them of the un- practicableness of it, and encouraged them y«t. LHeJ told them, that he had observed so much of the re- markable, and wonderful providence ol Ood. L'nJ ""^This indeed will compare with Lovewell's Fight. That i,.rn to prevent beine quite encompasse.l, retreated to the Se of Tpond". ThI nVticulars ot' which will be found ». the continuation of thishistory. Sec Appendix, \l. y;ul!-^ ft l i iihvmnK i Wfe*** H^aii iw iw but a small t, to add to f distressed ives of the n. So that, lite open to p up stones ly and won- U the num- Vom the isl- t so warmly incp. Mr. le ashore, to IS nor argu- tlicir canoe I's men per- lake to take ! &c. Mr. the enemy's tie acquaint- leir ammuni- tcr, and bid else be gone still to shift Piculty arose; , were reani- 1 ever. Up- ;htest of foot, tjy Hight, un- it of the hn- 3m yet. [He] ch of the re- r>f God, [in] sFight. That etreated to the vill be found in Ux, XL PHILIP'S WAR. m hitherto preserving them, that it encouraged him to believe, with much confidence, that God would yet preserve them ; that not a hair of their heads sliould fall to the ground ; bid them be patient, courageous, and prudently sparing of their anununition, and he made no doubt but they should come well off yet, &c. [Thus] until his little army again resolved, one and all, to stay with, and stick by him. One of them, by Mr. Church's order, was pitching a flat stone up on end before him in the sand, when a bul- let from the enemy with a full force, struck the stone while he was pitching it on end, which put the poor fellow to a miserable start, till Mr. Church called upon htm to observe how God directed the bullets, that the enemy could not hit him when in the same place, [and] yet could hit the stone as it was erected. While they were thus making the best defence they could against their numerous enemies, that made the woods ring with their constant yelling and shouting. And night coming on, some! )dy told Mr. Church, [that] they spied a sloop up the river as far as Goldisland,* that seemed to lie coming down towards them. He looked up and told them, that, succour was now coming, for he believed it was Captain GoIding,t whom he knew to be a man for business, and would certainly fetch them off if he came. The wind being fair, tiie vessel was soon with them, and Captain Golding it was. Mr. Church (as soon as they came to speak with one another) desired him to come to anchor at such a distance from the shore, that he might veer out his cable, and ride afloat ; and let slip his canoe, that it might • A very small ledgy island a little to the south of the stone bridge, near the middle of the stream, and about 4 or 5 miles from where they were. 1 1 find nothing relating to this gentleman excepting what is found in this history, Wc may infer that ha was a man of worth and confidence, by Mr. Church's entrusting him with an important post at thc'fight when Philip was killed. t . ¥ i 'I If r^i •14 ■i -^ -'^:Tirr^itiiB wittf t«MW>"<|i<»l>iililW'fw'*>*'IWTi^''l*lfi'^J ■ftPnRMvnw i^l 46 PHILIP'S WAR. drive a shore ; which directions Captain Golding observed. But the enemy gave him such a warm salute, that his sails, colours and stern were full ol bullet holes. , „ ., „, The canoe came ashore, but was so small that she would not bear above two men at a Ume ; and when two were got aboard they turned her loose to drive a shore for two more. And the sloop s compa- ny kept the Indians in play the whde. Bu when at \Li it came to Mr. Church's turn to go aboard, he had left his hat and cutlass at the well, where 1^ went to drink when he first came down ; he told his company, [that] he would never go oft and leave EisTat ^dcutliss for the Indians [that] they should never have that to reflect upon h.m. Though he was much dissuaded from it, yet he would go and 7eTchlhem. He put all the powder he had left mto his gun, (and a poor charge it was) and went pre- senting h\s gun at the enemy, until he took up what Te weSt for. At his return he discharged his gun 'at the enemy, to bid them farewell for that time; but had not powder enough to carry the bullet half way trthem Two bullets from the enemy struck the canoe as he went on board, one gr^ed the hair of liis head a little before, another stuck m a small stake that stowl right against the middle of his *"n^w this gentleman with his army, making in all twenty men, himself and his pilot being numbered with them, got all safe on board, after six hours en- Tgement with three hundred Indmns; [of] whose numbers wewerejiold^ rwajrds by som e "> Jhem- ~^The lofty and elegant lines of Barlow, on the conduct of Gen Putnam at the b\ttle of Bunke. '. h.ll, will admurably apply to our hero. •< There rtrides bold Putnam, »nd from all the plain* CaiU the tired troops, the lardy rear »u«lainB, And raid the whirling ball* that s'.rim the loyve ^ u ii c a n r i; F d f d S 1 I i -■j*sis4li*«WK«««M*«««*ft« mmmttt illMlll I • tin Golding icli a warm were full of small that 1 time ; and her loose U\ )o|>'8 compa- But when at [) aboard, he 11, where he ; he told his T and leave I they should Though he )uld go and had left into id went pre- 9ok up what rged his gun I." that time; ic bullet half inemy struck azed the hur ck in a small liddle of his making in all ng numbered six hours en- ; [of] whose ome of them- II the conduct of will admirably lUint ,a,B. V, 868, fct, PHILIP'S WAR. mm «elvc8.* A deliverance which that good gentleman often mentions to the glory of God, and his protect- ing providence. The next day,t meeting with the rest of his little company,! whom he had left at Pocassct, (that had also a small skirmish with the Indians and had two men wounded) they returned to the Mounthope gar- rison, which Mr. Church used to call the losing fort. . , Mr. Church then returned to the island, to seek provision for the army. [There he] meets with Al- derman,'^ a noted Indian, that was just come oyer from the squaw Sachem's cape of Pocasset, having deserted from her, and brought over his family, who gave him an account of the state of the Indians, and where each of the Sagamore's headquarters was. Mr. Church then discoursed with some, who knew the spot well, where the Indians said Weeta- more'sll head(|uarters were, and offered their service to pilot him [to it.] With this news he hastened to the Mounthope garrison, [and] the army expressed their readiness to embrace such an opportunity- All the ablest soldiers were now intunediately drawn off, equipped and despatched upon this design, un- der the command of a certain officer.lT And havmg marched about two mil es, viz., until they came to "• Hubbard 85, says that there were seven or eight scores Mather, following liim, says there were " an hundred and almost five times fifteen terrible Indians." Majnalia, II, 488. t July 19. t On Rhodeisland. Mr. Church and his company were transported there, as were Capt. Fuller and his company be- fore. See note 1 on page 89. § The Indian that killed Philip. II (Squaw Sachem of Pocasset.) An account of this "old Qu-en" has been given. Se« note 2 on page 27. f I have not learned this officer's name, bat it wm Capt Henchman's Lieutenant. i^l t i^li lt$ »vimm*iif' i 'n »i i i*>.»wat. a i A M ^ 'f'rm',\ HiimiiMh I i-wiif -I-"" li ('.(';! II S- *» I I > II 48 PHILIP'S WAR. i> ' a the cove that lies southwest from the Mount where orders were giwn for a halt. The commander in chief told them [tluit] he thought it proper to take advice before he went any further; called Mr. Church and the pilot and asked them how they knew that Philip and all his men were not by that time got to Weetamore's camp; or that all her own men were not by that time returned to her again, with many more frightful questions. Mr. Church told him [that] they had acquainted him with as niuch as they Knew, and that for his part he could discover nothing that need to discourage them from proceed- ing; that he thought it so practicable, that he with the pilot, would willingly lead the way to the spot, and hazard the brunt. But the chief commander in- sisted on this, that the enemy's numbers were so jreat, and he did not know what numbers more njight be a(..led unto them by that time; and his company so small, that he could not think it practi- cable to attack them ; adding moreover, that if he were sure of killing all the enemy and knew that he must lose the life of one of his men in the action, he would not attempt it. " Pray air, then," replied Mr. Church, [— ]^ " lead yoiir company to yonder windmill on Rhodeislantl, and there they will be out of danger of being killed by the enemy, and we shall have less trouble to supply them with provi- sions."* But return he would and did unto the gar- rison until more strength came to them, and a slo(»p to transport them to Fallrivcr,t in order to visit Weetamore's camp. 1 [Please to.] •The action related in the next paragraph was ""f unt'' they returned ; though it might be understood that Church went " out on a discovery" before. t (South part of Freetown.) . , „ . It IS in the town of Troy, which was taken from Freetown. Fallriver is a local name, derived from a stream that empties into the bay about a mile above Tiverton line. Probably no place in the United States contains so many factories id w enaall a compass as this. !;! ■ air i mii iw n v.i'i i ' ' . ' >WMMH*MM«|B>iM< I •■ s?k i^^il ount where imandcr in per to take called Mr. they knew at time got own men igain, with hurch told as much as lid discover m proceed- hat he with to tlic spot, imander in- ;rs were so nhers more ne ; and his ik it practi- r, that if he new that he the action, en," replied y to yonder will be out ly, and we with provi- nto the gar- and a sloop der to visit wa-i not until 1 that Church om Freetown. n that empties Probably no ny factories in PHILIP'S WAR. i» Mr. Church, one Baxter, and Captain Hunter, an Indian, proffered to go out on the discovery on the left wing, which was accepted. They had not marched diipve a quarter of a mile before they start- ed three of the enemy. Captain Hunter wounded one of them in the knee, who when he came upj^o him] he discovered to be his near kinsman. The captive desired favour for his squaw, if she should fall into their hands, but asked none for himself; ex- cepting the liberty of taking a whiff of tobacco ; and while he was taking his whiff his kinsman, with one blow of his hatchet, despatched him. Proceeding to Weetamore's camp they were dis- covered by one of the enemy, who ran in and gave information. Upon which a lusty young fellow left his meat upon his spit,* running hastily out, told his companions [that] he would kill an Englishman be- fore he ate his dinner ; but failed of his design ; being no sooner out than shot down. The enemies' fires, and what shelter they had, were by the edge of a thick cedar swamp, into which on this alarm they betook themselves, and the English as nimbly pursu- ed ; but were soon commanded back by their chief- tain, [but not until]' they were come withiii [the] hearin:; of the cries of their women and children ; and so ended that exploit. But returning to their sloop the enemy pursued them, and wounded two of their men. The next day they returned to the Mounthope garrison. f 1 [aacr] J, _ ' — — — — ______ _^_-_ ♦ (Probably a wooden spit.) t These operations took up about four or five days, hence we have arrived to the 13 or 14 July. In the course of which time, fourteen or fifteen of the enemy were killed. See Hubbard, 87. Holmes, I, 422. These individual efforts wpre of far more consequence than the manoeuvres of the main army during the same time ; yet Hutchinson, H. Adams, and some others since, thought them not worth men* tioning. 5 >i#.; 'mmmm wmn 1 ' I PHILIP'S WAR, Soon after this was Pliilip's headquarters visited* by some other English forces, but Philip, and his gang had the very fortune to escape, that Weetamore and hers (but now mentioned) had. They tool^ '"^o a ■wamp, and their pursuers were commanded back. After this Dartmonth'sf distresses required succour, Fal great part of the town being laid desolate, and many of the inhabitants killed. Th e most of Ply - • A particular account of this affair from our author, would have been gratifying. But most other historians before an.t rince him, have J)een elaborate upon it. ri,..,<.«, In consequence of the intrlhgence framed by Mr. Church, the armv, after finishing (he treaty with the Narraganse Is before named, moved to Taunton, where they a^/^ed the 17 July, in the evening ; and on the l», marched to attack Philii), who was now in a great swamp, adjacent to, and on the ea«t aide of Taunton river. The army did not arrive until lat.- in the day, but soon entered resolutely into the swamp. The underwood was thick, and the foe could no* "c seen.- The first that entered were shot down, but the rest rushing on, soon forced them from their hiding places, and took possession of their wigwams al.out »f,'" """^^"^ Night coming on, each was in danger from his fellow ; hring at fvery bush that seemed to shake. A retreat was now or- dered. Concluding that Philip was salcly hei»med in, the Massachusetts forces marched to Boston, and the Connecti- cut troops, being the greatest sufferers, returned home ; leav- ing those ^f Plvmouth to starve out the^enemy. Trumbull's cinnecticut, f, 332. Hnd. U. S. I, 140 This moveme"* of the army has been ver3 much censured. Had they pressed upon the enemy the next day, it is thought they would have been easily subdued. But Philip . and Ti.s "amours on the 1 Augu t.iefore day, passed the river on rafts, and in great riuuM-h, n.ar.hedy into the country o« tne N.pmucks. About 16 of the English were killed. Ibid. Mather, II 488, .ays that Philip left a hundred of his people behind who fell into the han.ls if the English. It is said that "h^.p had a brother killed in this fight, who was » chief .,dpta,n, anrt had been educated at Harvard College. Hutch. 1, 265. t That part of Dartmouth which was destroyed is about 5 miles S. W. from Ncwbe.lford, and known by the name ol Aponaganset. The early histories give us^no Particulars about tlie affair, and few mention it at a 1. Many of the in- habitants move.1 to Rhode.sland. Middleborough, then call- ed Ne.n:; ket, about this tunc was mostly burned ; probably, -while the treaty was concluding with the Nanaganscts. m R ni ac ol til ill ai T fr tl 1 u ai ti ii ti V r S' a t a a t a t s I u t w iu m i ■ - I f i f i -tt-^'- ■ -■ -^ ..^....it.-- irp** its visited* id his gang (amore and took into a led back, cd succour, solate, and lost of Ply- lUthor, would ns before an., ' "Ml"' 51 mouth forces were ordered thithor. And coming to Russell's garrison* at Ponagiinsct.f they mot with a number of the enemy, that had surrendered tliem- selve-s prisoners on terms promised by Captain Lels of the garrison, and Ralph Earl,t who persuaded th6m (by a friend Indian he had employed) to come in. And had their promise to the Indians been kept, and the Indians fairly treate d, it is probable that, * The cellars of this old garrison are rtill to be seen. They are on the north bank of the Aponaganset about a mile from its mouth. I was informed by an inhabitant on the spot, that considerable manoeuvring wont on here in those days. The Indians had a fort on the opposite side of the river, and used to show themselves, and act all manner of mockery, to aegravate the English; they being at more than a common gunshot oft". At one time one made liis appearance, ami turned his backside in defiance, as n^ual ; but some one hav- ing an uncommonly long gun fired upon him and put an end toTiis mimickrj'. . - ,»• , » . u A similar story is told by the people of Middleborough, which took place a little north of the town house, across the Nemasket The distance of the former does not render the story so improbable as that of the latter, but circumstances are more authentick. The gun is still shown which performed the astonishing feat The distance, some say is nearly hall a mile, which is considerable ground of improbability. Ihat a circumstance of this kind occurred at both these places, too, is a doubt. But it is true that a fight diil take place across the river at Middleborough. The Indians came to the river and burned a grist mill which stood near the pre- sent site of the lower factory, and soon after drew oH: 1 he affair has been acted over by the inhabitants as a celebration not many years since, t (In Dartmouth.) . . „ ■ • .. The word is generally pronounced as it is spelled m ttie text, but is always, especially of late, written Aponaganset. Mr. Douglass, it appears learned this name Polyganset, when he took a survey of the country. See his Summary, I, 403. 1 1 can find no mention of these two gentlemen in any ol the histories. But their names are suHiciently immortalized by their conduct in opposing the diabolical acts of govern ment for selling prisoners as sLves. It is possible *hat they might decline serving any more in the war, after being so much abused ; and hence were not noticed by the historians, who also pass over this black page of our history, as lightly as possible. .;, iiyC^.>£.->%«>rr''^' I i-l < . if" ]0^ , 1 nhiiiii iiitsiimm iiT. n ii „it- r .r i.Uli""'"' "■" ■*'" '■-"I ' M it WO'i ' l ii i m !!^ 52 PHILIP'S WAR. most, if not all, the Indians in those parts had soon followed the example of those, who had now surren- dered themselves, which would have been a good step towards finishing the war. But in spite of all that Captain Eels, Church or Earl could say, argue, plead or beg, somebody else that had more power in their hands, improved it. And without any regard to the promises made them on their surrendering them- selves, they were carried away to Plymouth, there sold, and transported out of ihc country, being about eight score persons.* An action so hateful to Mr. Church, that he opposed it, to the loss of the good will and respects of some that before were his good friends. But while these tilings were acting at Dartmouth, Philip made his escape ;+ leaving his country, fled over Taunton river, and Rehoboth plain, and Patux- ett river, where Captain Edmunds^ of Providence, made some spoil upon him, and had probably done more, but was prevented by the coming of a supen- our officer, that p ut him by-H • With regret it is mentioned that the venerable John Winthrop was Governour of Connecticut, (Connecticut and Newhaven now forming but one colony) .the Hon. John Leverett of Massachusetts, and the Hon. Josiah Winslow of Plvmouth. Rhodeisland, because thej chose freedom rather tl.antoB"r«, had not been admitted fnto the Union. Fron» this history i^t would seem that one Cranston was Governour of Rhodeisland at this time ; but that colony appears not to be implicated in this as well as many other acts of malead- ministration. See note 2 on page 38. t An account of which is given in note 1 , page 50. t Douglass wrote this word Patuket, as it is now pronounc- ed! Summary, I, 400. It is now often written Patuxet. It IS Bltckstone river, or wus so called tormeriy. & I find no other account of this officer in the Indian wars, ontyVhat is hinted at in this history J /^°"\ ^»»'='| '\?^»'P\*" that he was more than once employed, and was in the east- 11 Hubbard, 91, says that Philip had about thirty of his party killed : bu he takes no notice of Capt. Edmunds' be- Tng/ut fri He said th U Capt. Henchman came up to them, .. liimiWIIiiiii''*'*'"* ww»iwr-T rr»<«ri>igTrr. PHILIP'S WAR. 53 1 I ■■ i had soon ow surren- n a good pile of all say, argue, e power in ,ny regard !ringthem- theresold, ibout eiglit fr. Church, )d will and od friends. Dartmouth, )untry, fled and Patux- 'rovidence, bably done )f a superi- lerable John inecltcut and e Hon. John 1 Winslow of cedom rather fnion. From as Govcrnour ippears not to :ts of malead- ;e 50. low (ironounc- \ Patuxet. It c Indian wars, tich it appears as in tlte east* thirty of hiB Edmunds' be- ueu^) totheiu, And now another fort was built at Pocasset,* that proved as troublesome and chargeable as that at Mounthope ; and the remainder of the summer was improved in providing for the forts and forces there maintained ; while our enemies were fled some hun- dreds of miles into the country near os far as Alba- nyt but not till the skirmish was over. " But why Philip was followed no further," he says, " is better to suspend than too critically to inquire into." Hence we may conclude that the pursuit was countermanded by Capt. Henchman, who when too late followed after the enemy without any success. • The fort here meant was built to prevent Philip's escape from the swamp before mentioned. See note 1, on page 50. Mr. Church appears early to have seen the folly of fort building under such circumstanms. While that at Mount- hope was building, he had seen Philip gaining time ; and while this was building to confine him to a swamp, he was marching off in triumph. t Here appears a large chasm in our history including about four months, namely, from the escape of Philip on the 1 Au- gust, to December ; during which time many circumstances transpired worthy of notice, and necessary to render this history more perfect. Mr. Church anpears to have quitted the war, and is, perhaps, with his family. Philip having taken up his residence among the Nipmucks or Nipnets, did not fail to engage them in his cause. On the 14 July a party killed 4 or 5 people at Mendon a town 37 miles southwest of Boston. August 2, Capt. Hutchinson with 20 horsemen went to re- new tne treaty with those Indians at a place appointed, near Quabaog, (now Brookfield) a town about 60 miles nearW west from Boston ; but on arriving at he place appointed, the Indians did not appear. So he pro. ceded 4 or 5 miles beyond, towards their chief town, when all at once, some hundreds of them fired upon the company. Eight were shot down, and 8 others were wounded. Among the latter jvas Capt. Hutchinson who died soon after. The remainder escap- ed to Quabaog, and the Indians pursued them. But the Eng- lish arrived in time to warn the inhabitants of the danger, who with themselves crowded into one house. The other houses (about 20) were immediately burned down. They next besieged the house containing the inhabitants (about 70) and the soldiers. This they exerted themselves to fire 5* »CNKW« ,'! ■"PWVPMXiMlpi mm" 54 PHILIP'S WAR. And now strong suspicions began to arise of the Narraganset* Indians, that they were ill affected and also, with various success fof two days, and on the third they nearly effected their object by a stratagem. Thoy filled a cart with combustibles and set it on fire, and by means ol splicing poles together had nearly brought the flames in con- tact with the house, when Major WTllard arrived with 48 dragoons and dispersed them. See American Ann. 1, 4a.i. 434 The Indians about Hadley, who had hitherto kept up thr •how of friendship, now deserted their dwellings and drew off after Philip. Toward the last of August, Cai.t. Beers and Capt. Lothrop pursued and overtook them,and a tierce battle was fought, in which 10 of the Englii^h and 26 Indians were killed. , . , , , .„ , r ii September I, they burned DeerfioUl and killed one of th.; inhabitants. The same day (being a fast) they |e 1 upon Hadley while the people were at meeting, at which they were overcome witli confusion. At this crisi'', a venerab <• eentleman in singular attire appeared among them, an.t piit- ting himself at their head, nAed upon the Indians am dis- ueried them, then disappea. ->1. The inhabitants thought an angel had appeared, and led thorn to victory »"♦ '^ ;»»« General Goffe^ one of the Judges of King Charles 1, who was secreted in the town. See President fellies' history of the Judges, 109, and Holmes, I, 424. About 11 September Capt. Beers with 3o men went uplli'- river to observe how things stood at a new plantation callo.l Squakeag, now Northfiefl. The Indians a few days l.pfoic- (^ut unknown to them) had fallen upon the nlacc and killed 9 or 10 persons, and now laid in ambush for the t.ngUs .. whom it appears they expected. They had to march nearly 80 miles through a hideous forest. On arriving within three miles of the place, they were fired upon by a ^°^S«' ""^""fr- and a large proportion of their number fell The others gained an eminence and fought bravely till their Captain was slain, when they fled in every direction. Sixteen only escaped. Hubbard, 107. oS the 18th following, as Capt. Lothrop with 80 men was guarding some carts from Decrfield to hadley, they were • It was believed that the Indians generally returned from the western frontier along the Connecticut, •«<**»?« «P their winter quarters among the Narragansets ; but whether Philip did is uncertain. Some suppose that he visitea ine Mohawks and Canada Indians for assistance. 1 i iimmniri ii r~" ' PHILIP'S WAR. U rise of the fee ted and e third they rhey filled a y means of imes in con- ived with 48 Ann. I, 4M. kept up the e<^ and drew Capt. Beers ,ana a fie re f d 26 Indians id «>ne of th«; liey fell upon which they , a venerahh" icni,and piit- lians and (lis- ts thought an But it was es 1 , who was liistory of thf* a went uplh'" ntation called w days lipfoif ICC and killed the English, march nearly g within three )sit of enemies, The others their Captain Sixteen only th 90 men was ley, they were falleu returned from , and took up i: but whether he visited the designed mischief. And so the event soon disco- vered. The next winter they began their hostilities upon the English. The united colonies then agreed to send an army to*8uppre8S them: Governour Wins- low to command the army.* . . . », ou i He undertaking the expedition, invited Mr. Church to command a company, [— ]* which he declined ; 1 [in the expedition] fallen upon, and, including teamsters, 90 were slain ; 7 or 8 only escaped. Ibid. 108. ... • • j u„ October 5, the Springfield Indians having been joined by about 300 of Philip's men began the destruction of Spring- field. But the attack being expected, Major Treat was sent for, who was then at Wcstfield, and arrived in time to save much of the town from the flames, but, 32 houses were consumed. Holmes, I, 425. u„ ■» ». aim October 19, Hatfield was assaulted on all sides by 7 or 800 Indians, but there being a considerable number ?/ mc" ^e" prepared to receive them, obliged them to flee vvithout dome much damage. A few out buildings were burned, and some of the defenders killed, but we have no account how many. Holmes, 1, 425, says this afl^air took place at Hadley , but Hubbard whom he cites, llti, says it was at Hatfield. The places are only separated by a bridge over the Con- necticut, and were formerly included under t'>e **?»« n»™*: Mr. Hovt in his Antiquarian Researches, 136, thinks that it was in this attack that Gen. Goffe made his appearance, because Mr. Hubbard takes no notice of an attack upon that place in Sept. 1675, which, if there had been one, it would not have escaped his notice. But this ™»g>»t ""ve been un- noticed by Mr. Hubbard as well as some other affairaof Thus are some of the most important events sketched in our hero's absence, and we may now add concerning him what Homer did of Achilles' return to the siege of Troy. Then great Achilles, terrour of the plain, Long lost to battle, shone in arms again. ' Ihad, II, B. XX, 57. • It was to consist of 1000 men and what friendly Indians would join them. Massachusetts was to furi.ish 527, Ply- mouth 159, Connecticut 315. Major Robert Treat with how of Connecticut. Maj. Bradford with those of Plymouth, and Maj. Samuel Appleton with those of Massachusett.. The whole under Gen. Josiah Winslow. American Annals, I, 426. {-< \l'\ mkmm ij— ' f' PHILIP'S WAR. craving excuse from taking [a] commission, [but] he promises to wait upon him as a Reformado [a vo- lunteer] through the expedition. Having ""ode with the General to Boston, and from thtence to Rehoboth, upon the General's request he went thence the near- est way over the ferries, with Major Smith,* to his garrison in the Narraganset country, to prepare and provide for the coming of General Winslow, who marched round through the country with his army, proposing by night to surprise Pumham,t a certain Narraganset sachem, and his town ; but being aware of the approach of our army, made their escape in- to the desertsj. But Mr. Church meeting with fair winds, arrived safe at the Major's garrison in the evening,^ and soon began to inquire after the ene- my's resorts, wigwams or sleeping places ; and hav- ing gained some intelligence, he proposed to the El- dridges and some other brisk hands that he met with, to attempt the surprising of some of the enemy, to make a present of, to the General, when he should arrive, which might advantage his design. Being brisk blades they readily complied with the mo- tion, and were soon upon their march. The nighl was very cold, but blessed with th-: moon. Before • TMs aentlcman, Mr. Hubbard informs us, Nar. 128 lived in Wickford where the army was to take up its head- quarters. Wickford is about 9 miles N. W. from Newport on Narraganset bay. t (Sachem of Shawomot or Warwick.) TliisSachemhadsignedthetreaty in July, wherein sujh irreat faith and fidelity were promised. See note 3 on page 36. A few days before the great swamp fight at Narraganset Capt. Prentice destroyed his town after it was deserted. Bui in July, 1676, he was killed by some of the Massachusetts men, near Dedham. A grandson of his was taken befort; this, by a party under Capt. Denison, who was esteemed the best soldier and most warlike of all the Narraganset chiefs. Trumbull, I, 345. t It appears that all did not escape into the descrti. The heroick Capt. Mosely captured 36 on his way to Wickford. § December 11. th w ei T tl cl tl 81 d d d tl P r nnu mw « -rn on, [but] ido [a vo- rode with lehoboth, the near- Lh,* to his epare and ilow, who hia army, - a certain iing aware escape in- r with fair jon in the sr the enc- and hav- to the El- ! met with, enemy, to 1 he should rn. Being :i the nn - The nighl n. Before 8, Nar. 128 up its head- om Newport therein 8u:h te 3 on pagr Narragansnt serted. Bui lasBachusetts taken befori! esteemed the ;anaet chiefs. lescrti. The > Wickford. PHILIP'S WAR. mmmrmffW^-^ 57 the day broke they effected their exploit ; and, by the rising of the sun, arrived at the Major's garrison, where they met the General, and presented him with eighteen of the enemy, [which] they had captivated. The General, pleased with the exploit, gave them thanks, particularly to Mr. Church, the mover and chief actor of the business. And sending two of them (likely boys) [as] a present to Boston ; [and] smiling on Mr. Church, told him, that he made no doubt but his faculty would supply them with In- dian boys enough before the war was ended. Their next move was to a swamp,* which the In- dians had fortified with a fort.t Mr. Church rede in the General's guard when t he bloody engagement • Hubbard, 136, says that the army was piloted to this olace by one Peter, a fugitive Indian, who Hed from the INar- ragansets, upon some discontent, and to him they were in- debted, in a great measure for their success. How long be- fore the army would have found the enemy, or on what part of the fort they would have fallen, is uncertain. It appears, that had they come uiwn any other part, they must have been repulsed. Whether this Peter was the son of Awash- onks, or Peter Nunnuit, the husband of A\ eetamore, the Queen of Pocasset, is uncertain. But Mr. Hubbard styles Wm a fugitive from the Narragansets. If he were a Narra- ganset, he was neither. t Before this, on the 14, a scout under Sergeant Bennet kill- ed two and took four prisoners. The rest of the same compa- nv, in ranging the country, came upon a town, burned 150 wigwams, killed 7 of the enemy and brought in eight priso- ners On the 15, some Indians came under the pretence ol making peace, and on their return killed several of the Eng- lish, vho were scattered on their own business. Captain Mosely, while escorting Mai. Appleton's men lo quarters, was fired upon by 20 or 30 of the enemy from behind a stone wall, but were immediately dispersed, leaving one dead. On the 16, they received the news that Jerry Bull's garrison at Pettyquamscot, was burned, and 15 persons killed. On the 18. the Connecticut forces arrived, who on their way had taken and killed 1 1 of the enemy. The united forces now set out. Dec. 19, for the headquarters of the enemy. The wea- ther was severely cold and much snow upon the grountl. They arrived upon the borders of the swamp about ono o'clock. Hubbard, 128 to 130. m W-'i' 58 PHILIP'S WAR. ! I began. But being impatient of being out of the heat of the action, importunately begged leave of the General, that he might run down to the assistance o las friends. The General yielded to his request, provided he could rally some hands to go with h.m. Thirty men immediately drew out and followed him. Thev entered the swamp, and passed over the log. that was the passage into the fort, where they savv n^y men and several valiant Captains he slajn^* Mr. Church spying Captain Gardner of Salem, am dst the wigwLs°in the east end of the fort, made rv^ards himfbut on a sudden, while they were ooking each other in the face. Captain Gardner set- tled down. Mr. Church stepped to him, and seeing the blood run down his cheek lifted up his cap, and callina him by his name, he looked up in his face but spake not^a word; being mortally shot through the head. And observing his wound, ]VIr. Church found the ball entered his head on the side tiiat was next the upland, where the English entered the swamp. Upon which, having ordered some care to be taken of the Captain, he despatched tfon^fo" to the General, that the best and forwardest of his army, that hazarded their lives to enter the fort upon the muzzles of the enemy's guns, were shot in their backs, and killed by them that lay behind. Mr. Church with his small company, hastened out of the fort (that the English were now possessed ot ) to get a shot at the Indians that were in the swamp, and kept firing upon them. He soon met with a hxoad and bloody track where the enemy had fled with their wounded men. Following hard in the track, he soon spied one of the enemy, w^io clapped his gun across his breast, made towards Mr. Church, and beckoned to him with his hand Mr. Church immediately commandedji^ hurt him, hop- "^i^^iiTi^nilinrwer^^ Davenport, Cardi- ol and^oCn^f Massachusetts^ Gallop S.el^^^^^^ shall of Connecticut. No mention is made that any officers were killed belonging to Plymouth. en( •y COI th< ed an ad th( hd us op th< th< dii sh an th ve hs ui in fo fo di so to St ol C tl b C h b h t( n ng out of the ed leave of the e assistance ol' ;o his request, ;o go with him. i followed him. I over the log. where they saw ains lie slain.* ner of Salem, f the fort, made hile they were lin Gardner set- him, and seeing up his cap, and up in his face ly shot through id, Mr. Church Ijc side tiiat was ish entered the •ed some care to ;hcd information irwardest of his ter the fort upon ^ere shot in their ly behind. Mr. tened out of the sessed of) to get in the swamp, soon met with a enemy had fled ring hard in the imy, who clapped ards Mr. Church, nd. Mr. Church to hurt him, hop- ; Davenport, Gardi- lop, Siely and Mar- ide that any officers PHILIP'S WAR. 69 ing by him to have gained some intelligence of the enemy, that might be cf advantage. But it unhappi- ly fell out, that a fellow that had lagged behind, coming up, shot down the Indian ; to Mr. Church's great grief and disappointment. But immediately they heard a great shout of the enemy, which seem- ed to be behind them or between them and the fort ; and discovered them running from tree to tree to gain advantages of firmg upon the English that were in the fort. Mr. Church's great difficulty now was, how to discover himself to his friends in the fort ; using several inventions, till al length he gained an opportunity to call to, and informed a Sergeant in the fort, that he was there and might be exposed to their shots, unless they observed it. By this time he discovered a number of the enemy, almost within shot of him, making towards the fort. Mr. Church and his company wore favoured by a heap of brush that was between them, and the enemy, and pre- vented their being discovered to them. Mr. Church had given his men their particular orders for firing \ipon the enemy. And as they were rising up to make their shot, the aforementioned Sergeant in the fort, called out to them, for God's sake not to fire, for he believed they were some of their friend In- dians. They clapped down again, but were soon sensible of the Sergeant's mistake. The enemy got to the top of the tree, the body whereof the Sergeant stood upon, and there clapped down out of sight of the fort ; but all this while never discovered Mr. Church, who observed them to keep gathering unto that place until there seemed to be a formidable black heap of them, " Now brave boys," said Mr. Church to his men, "if we mind our hits we may have a brave shot, and let our sign for firing on them, be their rising to fire into the fort." It was not long before the Indians rising up as one body, designing to pour a volley into the fort, when our Church nimbly started up, and gave them such a round vol- i^n hitipiww»|iii*tf,t-«!iii-'rf mi l "" I --r rrg'iiiiWfciii^ T'-rr-' 60 PHILIP'S WAR. ! I ley, and unexpected clap on their backs, that they, who escaped with their lives, were so surprised, that they scampered, they knew not whither themselves. About a dozen of them ran right over the log mto the fort, and took into a sort of hovel that was built with poles, after the manner of a com crib. Mr. Church's men having their cartridges fixed, were Boon ready to obey his orders, which were immedi- ately to charge and run [— ]» upon the hovel and over- set it ; calling as he ran on, to some that were in the fort, to assist him in oversetting it. They no sooner came to face the enemy's shelter, but Mr. Church discovered that one of tiiem had found a hole to , point his gun through right at him. But however fhel encouraged his company, and ran right on, till tie was struck with three bullets ; one in his thigh, which was near half cut off as it glanced on the joint of his hip bone ; another tlirough the gather- ings of his breeches and drawers with a small Hesh wound ; a third pierced his pocket, and wounded a. pair of mittens that he had borrowed of Captain Prentice ; being wrapped up together, had the mis- fortune of having many holes cut through them with one bullet. But however he made shift to keep on his less, and nimbly discharged his gun at them that had wounded him. Being disabled now to go a step, his men would have carried him off, but he orbid their touching of him, until they had perfected their project of oversetting the enemy's shelter ; bid them run, for now the Indians had no guns charged. While he was urging them to run on, the Indians be- aan to shoot arrows, and with one pifced through the arm of an Englishman that had hold of Mr. Church's arm to support him. The English, in short, were discouraged and drew back. And by this time the English people in the fort had begun to set fire to the wigwams aud houses in the fort, which Mr. Church laboured hard to prevent. They told him .J .wniim tliat they, trised, that liemselves. le log into I was built crib. Mr. ixed, were re immedi- ;1 and over- ivere in the r no sooner !if r. Church 1 a hole to . ut however igiit on, till n his thigh, iced on the the gather- small flesh wounded a. of Captain lad the mis- h them with I to keep on at them that to go a step, ut he forbid rfected their ;r ; bid them ns charged. I Indians be- ced through hold of Mr. lish, in whort, \nd by this begun to set e fort, which 'hey told him PHILIP'S WAR. 61 [that] they had orders from the General to burn them. He beggetl them to forbear until he had dis- coursed with the General. And hastening to him, he begged to spare the wigwams, &.C., m the fort from fire. [And] told him [that] the wigwams were musket proof; being all lined with baskets and tubs of grain and other provisions, sufficient to supply the whole army, until the spring of the year, and every wounded man might have a good warm house to lodge in, who otherwise would necessarily perish with &e storms and cold ; and moreover that the army had no other provisions to trust unto or depend upon; that he knew that the Plymouth forces had not so much as one [biscuit]* leO, for he had seen their last dealt out, &c.* The General advising a few words with the gentlemen that were about hun moved towards the fort, designing to ride in himself, and bring in the whole army ; but just as he was en- tering the swamp one of his Captains met him, and asked him, whither he was going "? He told him "In- to the fort." The Captain laid hold of his horse, ahd told him, [that] his life was worth an hundred ol theirs, and [that] he should not expose hunself. 1 he General told him, that, he supposed the brunt was over, and that Mr. Church had informed him that the fort was taken, &c. ; and as the case was cir- cumstanced, he was of the mind, that it was most practicable for him and his i my to shelter them- selves in the fort. The Captain in a great heat re- plied, that Church lied; and told the General, that, if he moved another step, towards the fort he would shoot his horse under him. Then [bristled]" up 1 [biskake] « [brusled] • Thus the heroick Church discovftred not only are»t bravery in battle, but judgment and forethought. Had b» advice been taken, no doubt many lives would have been saved. It may be remarked, that notwithstanding Mr. Church 80 distinguished himself in this fight, his nameiS.not mentioned by our chief historians. 6 -: i %. PHILIP'S WAR. ftnothef gentleman, a certain Doctor,* and opposed Mr. Church's advice, and said, [that] if it were com- plied with, it would kill more rnen than the enemy Had killed. " For (said he) by tomorrow the wound- ed men will be so stiff, .t there will be no moving of them." And looking upon Mr. Church, and see- ing the blood flow apace from his wounds, told hun, that if he gave such advice as that was, he should bleed to dfath like a dog, before they would endea- vour to stanch his blood. Though alter they had prevailed against his advice they were sufficiently End to him. And burning up all the houses and provisions in the fort, the army re urned the same Sight in the storm and cold. And I suppose that ei!ry one who is acquainted with that night's march, deeply laments the miseries that attended them , especially the wounded and dying men.f But t mTcifuUy came to pass that Captam Andrew Bel- Xert arrived at Mr^ Smith's that very night froin BostJn with a vessel laden with P'?;'«'«"«J*"„^^5 army, which must otherwise have perished lor want Some of the enemy that were then in the fort have since informed us that, near a third of the Indians belonging to all the Narragans et country, were kil l- ""Tf^e not been able tol^i^i^e name "f _|he beforemen. HJrf Ton I 340. In another place, I, 346, Mr. uersnom "Sky he^s. " was viewed o^e of the greatest physicians and sureeons then in Connecticut. tWhat rendered their situation more '"to'"*^ C' .^.?f ' ""TStther'o^Governour Belcher. He lived at Cam- brdle andwaL?eofhi8Maiesty'scouncil N^^^^^^^^ 31, »728.aS«'i'>- Elw*» ^''• e( tl ci k b tl a o k li t r r < f '"■fc'-S.''?i"'«:" ' ■•41 1(1 opposed were com- the enemy the wound- no moving h, and see- s, told him, I, he should )uld endea- ;r they had sufficiently houses and 3d the same uppose that ght's march, nded them; in-t But it \ndrew Bel- r night from sions for the led for want, ihe fort have ' the Indians ry, were kill- ihe beforemen- iswell if their says that, they could produce. I, Mr. uershom atest physicians itolerablc, was, storm filled the had 18 miles to ters. See Hist. f lived at Cam- So one was more that he was " an He died October PHILIP S WAR. fi.1 ed by the English, and by the cold of that night; that they fled out of their fort so hastily, that they carried nothing with them, that if the English hace, i made ^oTouTa niise that Mr. Church expected (bum vain) that some of his English friends woud follow the ioise and come to his assistance. But the „ dian happened to run athwart a large tree that lay I [the Indian] PHILIP'S WAR. 67 Liiew con- ily believ- onfessioii, g torture. Bir march, bling him should be IS brought t took him ecutioner. rt, framed baggage lereabouts, blow with eing aware the execu- out of his »n where it lis narrow id notwith- i, and hap- laid hold the Indian 1 ran again, ,ugh bting >, until the hey closed y, until the }S8, slipped third race, avouring to was all the ng through ice, it made cted (but in ^ould follow But the In- ree that lay fallen near breast high, where he stopped and cried out alSud for help But Mr. Church bemg soon uDon Km again, the Indian seized him fast by the h£ of^is head, and endeavoured by twisting to Cak his neck. But though Mr. Church's wounds hStm^wh^t weakened hi'm and the Indiaj a stout fellow vet he held him in play and twisted the In- dian" ne'ck as well, and took the advantage of man^^ opportunities, while they hung ^V each other sha.r, eave him notorious bunts in the face with his head. K in The heat of the scuffle they heard the ice break with somebody's commg apace to them, which , when they heard, Church concluded there w^ hdp for one or other of them, but was doubtful which of them must now receive the fatal «troke-anon some- body comes up to them, who proved to ^e the In- dian that had first taken the prisoner; {and] with- out speaking a word, he felt them out, ^lor . was so da?k he could not distinguish them by sight, Ae one being clothed and the other naked) he felt where Mr Church's hands were fastened m he Ne- roD's* ha and with one blow settled his hatchet in Keen them, and [thus] ended the strife^ He ^e" sDoke to Mr. Churcli and hugged him in his arms, and thanked him abundantly for catching his prison- ed FHe thenTcut off the head of his victim and carried it to "he camp, and [after] giving an account Merest of the fri'end Indians - the carnp how Mr. Church had seized his prisoner, «&c., they all ^trteSdtngtlf maich they had the success of kilLg man/of the enemy ; until at length their provisions failing, they 'etu'ned *iome. King Philipt (as was before hinted) was neaio a 1 [an d] -. The Netop liidTans were a »mM tribe among the Sogko- page 54. .Afefeff • ■ "°* — ' — ^ 68 PHILIP'S WAR. place called Scatiacook,* betweon York and Albany, where the Moohagsf made a descent upon h«n and killed many of his men, which moved him from ' HiTncxt kennelling place was at the fall^ of Con- necticut river, where, sometime after Captain Tur- ner found him, [and] came upon him by mght, kill- ed him a great many men, and frightened many more into the river, that were hurled down the falls and drowned. II • It is above Albany, on the cast side of the north branch of the Hudson, now called Hoosac river about 15 miles from Albany. Smith wrote this word Scaghtahook. History N. Vork, 307. Viiiswo^ according to Roger Williams, is derived from the word moho, which signifies to eat. Or Mohawks signifi- ed cannibals or man eaters among the other tribes of Indians. Trumbull, U. States, I, 47. Hutchinson, I, 405. This tribe was situated along the Mohawk river, from whom it took its name, and was one of the powerful Fivenations, who in 1713, were joined by theTuskarora Indians, a large tribe from N. Carolina, and thence known by the name of the Sixna- tions. Williamson, N. Carolina, I, 203. Hon Dc Witt Clinton, in N. Y. Hist. Soc. Col. II, 48, says the Tuskaroras joined the other nations in 1712. i Philip despairing of exterminating the English with his Newengland Indians resorted to fR Mohawks to persuade them to engage in his cause. Thev not being willing, he had recourse to a foul expedient. Meeting with some Mo- fcawks in the woods, hunting he caused theni to be murdered ; and then informed their friends, that the English had done it But it so happened that one, which was left for dead, revived and returned to his friends, and informed theni ol the truth. The Mohawks in just resentment fell upon him and killed many of his men. Adams, Hist. N. l!-ng. 125. & (Above Deerfield.) ... It has been suggested, and it is tho«Kht very appropriate- ly to call that cataract, where Capt. Turner destroyed the Indians, Turner's Falls. See Antiquarian Researches, 181. 11 Philip with a great company of his people had taken a stand at the fall in Connecticut river for the convenience of Retting a supply of fish, after the destruction of their pro- visious at the great swamp fight in Narraganset. Some \ a a P a t c a i t ] • a < mmmmmmmf PHILIP'S WAR. 69 d Albany, I him and dim from § of Con- )tain Tur- light, kill- lany more i falls and orth branch miles from History N. erived from iwks si^nifi- s of Indians. This tribe n it took its ivhoinl713, •ibe from N. ■ the Sixna- n. De Witt Tuskaroraii lish with his to persuade ; \nlling, he ;h some Mo- e murdered ; ish had done il't for dead, med them of fell upon him Eng. 135. appropriate- estroyed the iearches, 131. had taken a nvenience of of their pro- anset. Some Phihp got over the river, and on the back side of Wetuset* hills, meets with all the remnants of the Narracanset and Nipmuckf Indians, that were there gathered together, and became very numerous; and [then] made their descent on SudburyJ and the adjacent parts o f the country, where they met with, prisoners doserted and brought news to Hadley, Hatfield and Northampton of the Indians' situation at the falls. On the 18 May, 160 men under Capt. Turner arrived near their quarters at day break. The enemy were in their wig^a-ns sUleep, and without guards. The tnglish rushed upon them and fired as they rose from sleep, which so temfi«J «;«™ that they fled in every direction; crying out "Mohawks! Mohawks!" Some ran into the river, some took canoes, • and in their fright forgot the paddles, and ''"« F^^IP.l'v'is down the dreadful falfand dashed in pieces. The .enemy w supposed to have lost SOO. The English having finished thfl work, began a retreat ; but the Indians, on recovering from Their terr^or fell upon t'heir rear. ''"j^^^^'^^Tun.er and 38 of his men. See American Annals, I, 430. Why is tde name of Turner not found in our Biographical Dictionaries? • In the north part of the P'?.'*"* *»«? *>f P"««^;^«^".;" Worcester county, about 50 miles W. ol Boston. Mr. Hub- bard wrotethis word Watchuset, and Dr. Morse, Wachuset . and calls it a mountain. See Univ. Gaz. But in this, as well as many other words, the easiest way is the best way ; hence Wachuset is to be preferred. {t^wifru^?"aWat the Nipmuck country wa. about Wor- cc8te7, Oxford, fee. See note 2 on page 65. Niprauck was a general nam^ for all Indians beyond the Connecticut to- ward Canada. t On the 27 March, 1676, some persons of Marlbo. rough joined others of Sudbury, and went in search ol the 3v. They came upon nearly 300 of them before day a sleep^y their fires, and within half a mile of a garnsoii houL.^ The English though but 40 in number, ventured to fi?e upon themt and before they could arouse and es- cipe. they had several well directed fires, kilhng and wounding about 30. On 18 April, as has been before noted. They fur"5u*ly fell upon Sudbury, burned several houses and barns and killed several persons. Ten or 12 persons that came from Concord, 5 miles distant, to a«ist tfceir friends, we^e drawn into an ambush, and all killed or taken. Hub- bard, 182, 184. ■• ft;U "<«npianHPi!fiwinwijmi . 70 PHILIP'S WAR. and swallowed up [the] valiant Captain Wadsworth* and his company ; and many other doleful desolations in those parts. The news whereof coming to Ply- mouth, and they expecting [that,] probably, the ene- my would soon return again into their colony, the council of war were called together, and Mr. Church was sent for to them ; being observed by the whole colony to be a person extraordinarily qualified for, and adapted to the affairs of war. It was proposed in coun- cil, that lest the enemy in their return, should fall on Rehobolh, or some other of their out towns, a com- pany consisting of sixty or seventy men, should be sent into those parts, and [that] Mr. Church [be] m- vited to take the command of them. He told them ' that if the enemy returned into that colony again, they • Capt. Samuel Wadsworth, father of president -Wads- worth of Harvard College. Cant. Wadsworth was sent from Boston with 50 men to relieve Marlborough. After march- ing 25 miles, they were informed that the enemy had gone toward Sudbury ; so without stopping to take any rest, tliey pursued after them. On coming near the town, a party ol the enemy were discovered, and pursued about a mile into the woods, when on a sudden they were surrounded on all sides by 500 Indiana, as was judged. No chance of escape appeared. This little band of brave men now resolved to fight to the last man. They gained an eminence, which they maintained for some time : at length, night approach- ing, they began to scatter, which gave the enemy the advan- tage, and nearly every one was slain. This was a dreadful blow to the country. It is not certain that any ever escaped to relate the uad tale. President Wadsworth erected a monu- ment where this battle was fought with this inscription. " Captain Samuel Wadsworth of Milton, his Lieutenant Sharp of Brookline, Captain Broclebank of Rowley, with about Twenty Six* other souldiers, fighting for the defence of their country, were slain by the Indian enemy April 18th. 1676, and lye buried in this place." " This monument stands to the west of Sudbury causeway, about one mile southward of the church in old Sudbury, and about a quarter of a mile from the great road, that leads from Worcester to Boston." Holmes, I, 429. Sudbury is about 22 miles from Boston. • Suppoied to be the number of bodies found. g n n n V a II r ( f idsworth* csolations ig to Ply- , the ene- )lony, the r. Church the whole . ed for, and id incoun- uld fall on tis, a corn- should be ;h [be] in- told them • igain, they dent -Wads- 'as sent from lifter march- tiy had gone ny rest, they I, a party of it a mile into undcd on all ce of escape r resolved to ence, which it approach- y the advan- as a dreadful ever escaped cted a monu- scription. IS Lieutenant lowiey, with r the defence ly April 18th, iry causeway, Sudbury, and id, that leads Sudbury is MDM i win, , 1 i iw i .'^ J I vm, n"*«q PHILIP'S WAR. '^■ inicht reasonably expect that they would come very numerous, and if he should take the command of men he should not lie in any town or garrison with thern, but would lie in the woods as the enemy did— and that to send out such small companies against such multitudes of the enemy that were now mustered together, would be but to deliver so many men into their hands, to be destroyed, as the worthy Captain Wadsworth and his company were. His advice upon the whole was, that, if they sent out any forces, to send no less than three hundred sol- diers ; and that the other colonies should be asked to send out their quotas also ; adding, that, if they intended to make an end of the war by subduing the enemy, they must make a business of the war as the enemy did ; and that for his own part, he had wholly laid aside all his own private business and concerns, ever since the war broke out.* He told them that, if they would send forth such forces as he should direct [them] to, he would go with them for six weeks march, which was long enough for men to be kept in the woods at once ; and if they might be sure of liberty to return in such a space, men would go out cheerfully; and he would engage [that] one hundred and fifty of the best soldiers should imme- diately list, voluntarily, to go with him, if they would please to add fifty more ; and one hundred o! the friend Indians. And with such an army, he made no doubt, but he might do good service, but on other terms he did not incline to be concerned. Their reply was, that, they were already in debt, and so big an army would bring such a charge upon them, that they should never be able to pay. And as for sending out Indians, they thought it no wajrs advisable; and in short, none of his advice practi- cable. • It will be discoverable in almost every step onward, how shamefully Mr. Church was treated by government for all his services. tw :^i irm l U i^ I l M W j 1 ) 1 72 PHILIP'S WAR. Now Mr. Church's consort, and his then only son were till this time* remaining at Duxbury; and his fearing their safety there, (unless the war were more vigorously engaged in) resolved to move to Rhode- island, though it was miich oPIf «« ^.K *" rL^pTnour' ment and relations, but at length the 9^^?™*'"'; considering that he might be no less serviceable, by being on that side of the colony, gave his permit, and wished [that] he had twenty more as good men to send with him. -.u i.:„ Then preparing for his removal he went with hs small family to Plymouth to take leave of their S?ends The're they Lt with his wife's P-nts -^o much persuaded that she might be left at M'- Clark s garrison, (which they supposed to be a mighty safe SSce) or it least that she might be there, until her Joon expected lying in was over; (being near her SSe.) Mr. ChuVch no ways inclining to venture her any longer in those parts, and no arguments prevail- Sl^jShim. he les'olutely set out fjr Taunton and many of their friends accompanied them. Ihere ihey found Captain Pei rcej^ with a commanded •The beginning of March, 1676. + This Bcntleman belonged to Scituate, as is seen in note to pais !hai^Telr„ednoVrtic«la« Finished in the Indian wars. It appears that he was now on hU march into the Narraganset country, having heard '^J^r^Ul^Zn^'^i^^'^ SeEgT^^ln^f Srg^s^rro«nded;butth^^^^^^^^^^^ enemy "«f "S *»>/ "/" /E in front. Thus they had to io*ntrd^1t^ipk nu" £^^ M?a„s w^l found'lo despatch a messenger to Prov.dencc Tor Mccour, but through some unaccountable ''^f*"" |n him, or ?2^ to whom it was delivered, none arrived until too late ThTsceiTe was horrid beyond description! Some say that all SieETgl^sh were slain, others, that one only escaped, which P h £ h s II g t a V f: 1 PHILIP'S WAR. 73 1 only son r ; and his vere more to Rhode- )y govern- iovernour, ceable, by is permit, good men nt with his e of their jrents, who yit. Clark's nighty safe e, until her ig near her irenture her nts prevail- lunton, and m. There ;ommanded een in note to cept what are he was now [laving heard vtuxet, a few ing a man of neiny on any ing the Paw- ttverwhelming 'er to prevent uled: For the eir backs with IIS they had to disadvantage. Providence Tor auh in him, or until too late, ime say that all escaped, which party, who offered Mr. Church to send a relation of his with some others to guard him to Rhodeislimd. But Mr. Church thanked him for his respectful offer, but for some good reasons refused to accept it. In short, they got safe to Captain John Almy's* house upon Rhodeisland where they met with friends and good entertainment. But by tl.e way let me not forget this remarkable providence, viz., that within twentyfour hours, or thereabouts, after their arrival at Rhodeisland, Mr. Clark's garrison, that Mr. Church was so much importuned to leave his wife and chil- dren at, was destroyed by the enemy .f Mr. Church being at present disabled from any particular service in the war, began to think of some other employ. But he no sooner too k a tool to cut was effected asfollows. A friendly Indian pursued him with an uplifted tomahawk, in the face of the enemy, who consid- ering his fate certain, and that he was pursued by one of their own men, made no discovery of the stratagem, and both escaped. Another friend Indian seeing that the battle was lost, blackened his face with powder and ran among the enemy, whom they took to be one of themselves, who also were painted black, then presently escaped into the woods. Another was pursued, who hid behind a rock, and his pursu- er lay secreted near to shoot him when he ventured out. But he behind the rock put his hat or cap upon a stick, and raising it up in sight, the other fired unon it. He dropping his stick ran upon him before he could reload his gun and shot him deadf^ See Hubbard, Nar. 151, &c It appears that Canonchet, a Narraganset chief, who afterwards fell into the hands of the brave Capt. Denison commanded in this battle. See Hist. Connect. 344. • See note 2 on page 40. t On the 12 March Mr. Clark's house was assaulted by the Indians, whoafterbarbarously murdering II FJf "«' ^f ""f? ing to two families, set it on fire. Mr. Hubbara, 1 55, says, that .4he cruelty was the more J^'narkable in that they had often received much kindness from the sa.d ^ark" Phihp issuDPOsed to have conducted this affair. Abou'. the time hat Xt chief fell, 200 Indians delivered themselves prison- ers at Plymouth, 8 of whom were found to have been among those w^mnrdered Mr. Clark's family and were e«cut«a. The rest were taken into favour. Ibid. 2ie. 7 74 PHILIP'S WAR. a small stick, but he cut oflF the top of his fore fin- cer, and the next to it half off; upon which he tmilingly said, that he thought he was out of his way to leave the war, and resolved he would [go] to war again. , . . .%^ Accordingly his second son being born on the l2lh'of May, and his wife and sonllikely? to do well, Mr. Church embraces the opportunity of a pas- sase in a sloop bound to Barnstable, [which]» land- ed him at Sogkonesset,* from whence he rode to Plymouth, and arrived there the first Tuesday in "The General Court then sitting, welcomed him, and told him [that] they were glad to see him alive. He replied, [that] tie was as glad to see them ahve j for he had seen so many fires and smokes towards their side of the country, since he left them, that he could scarce eat or sleep with any comfort, fcr tear they had all been destroyed. For all travelling was stopped, and no news had passed Tor a long time *^^l gave them an account,! that the Indians had made horrid desolations at Providence, Warwick, Pawtuxet, and all over the Narraganset country j and that they prevailed daily against the English on that side of the country. M told them [UiaOhe lonaed to hear what .nethods they designed [to take] in the war. They told him [that] they were par- 1 [like] ° [^M ■ • Known now by the name of Wood's hole. It u in the town of Frimouth, not far to the eartward of Sogkpnate point. D^nJL wrote thte name Soconosset, and Hutchinson Suca- newft. A small clan of Indians resided here from whom it took its name. t Namely the 8. .,.„„• + We should not suppose that this was the first intelligence thit the people of PlyCh received of the destruction of thole p'ace°fa« thW ymi was nearlv 8 month* after the deiK ;?Sn of Warwick, Providence, kc. "^ about 4 from the cutting off of Capt. Pierce ; yet it might be the case. ■ ^■'tmm PHILIP'S WAR. n I fore fax- which he )ut of his Id [go] to trn on the sly]! to do y of a pas- chP land- le rode to 'uesday in omed him, I him alive, hem alive ; Les towards Bm, that he rt- for fear veiling was a long time Indians had !, Warwick, et country j English on sm [that] he ied[totake] ^ were par- !. It is in the gkonate point, ichinaon Saca- from whom it rat intellif^ence destruction of 9 after the des- Doat 4 from the he MM. ticularly glad that providence had brought him there at that juncture ; for they had concluded the very next day to send out an army of two hundred men ; two thirds English, and one third Indians ; in some measure agreeable to his former proposal — expect- ing Boston and Connecticut to join with their quotas. In short, it was so concluded, and that Mr. Church should return to the island, and see what he could muster there, of those who had moved from Swaa- zey, Dartmouth, &c. ; so returned the same way that] he came. When he came to Sogkonesset, he lad a sham put upon him about a boat [which] he lad bought to go home in, and was forced to hire two of the friend Indians to paddle him in a canoe from Elizabeth's* to Rhodeisland. It fell out, that as they were on their voyage pass- ing by Sogkonate point,t some of the enemy were upon the rocks a fishing. He bid the Indians that managed the canoe, to paddle so near the rocks, as that he might call to those Indians ; [and] told them, that he had a great mind ever since the war broke out to speak with some of the Sogkonate Indians, and that they were their relations, and therefore they need not fear their hurting of them. And he add- ed, that, he had a mighty conceit, that if he could [et a fair opportunity to discourse [with] them, that Je could draw them off from Philip, for he knew [that] they never heartily loved him. The enemy hallooed, and made signs for the canoe to come to them ; but when they approached them they skulked and hid in the clefts of the rocks. Then Mr. Church ordered the canoe to be paddled off again, lest, if he came too near, they should fire upon him. Then the Indians appearing again, beckoned and * From Woods hole or Sogkonesset to this island is 1 mile. t A little north of this point is a small bay called Church's cove, and a small cape about 2 miles further north bears the name of Church's point. i m'-i H PHILIP'S WAR. 1 called in the Indian language, and bid them conie ashore, for they wanted to speak with [them.J The Indians in the canoe answered them again, but they on the rocks told them, that the surf made sucli a noise against the rocks, [that] they could not hear any thing they said. Then Mr. Church by signs with his hands, gave [them] to understand, that he would have two of them go down upon the point of the beach. (A place where a man might see who was near him.) Accordingly two of them ran along the beach, and met him there without their arms ; excepting, that one of them had a lance in his hand. They urged Mr. Church to come ashore, for they had a great desire to have some discourse with him. He told them, [that] if he, that had his weapon in his hand, would carry it up some distance upon the beach, and leave it, he would come ashore and dis- course [with] them. He did so, and Mr. Church went ashore, hauled up his canoe, ordered one of his In- dians to 'lay by it, and the other to walk above on the beach, as a sentinel, to see that the coasts were clear. And when Mr. Church came up to the In- dians, one of them happened to be honest George, one of the two that Awashonks formerly sent to call him to her dance, and was so careful to guard him back to his house again. [This was] the last Sogko- nate Indian he spoke with before the war broke out. He spoke English very we 1. Mr. Church asked him where Awashonks was^ [He said]" "In. a swamp about three miles off." Mr. Church asked him what it was [that] he wanted, that he hallooed and called him ashore^ He answered, that he took him for Church as soon as he heard his voice in the canoe, and that he was very glad to see him alive; and he believed his mistress would be as glad to see him, and speak with him. He told him further, that he believed she was not fond of maintaining a war with the English, and that she had left PhiUp and did not » [him] * [He told himj PHILIPS WAR. 77 lem come [them.]' again, but nade sucli 1 not hear by signs id, that he e point of see who I ran along heir arms ; 1 his hand. B, for they with him. weapon in e upon the re and dis- hurch went ; of his In- k above on coasts were p to the In- Bst George, sent to call guard him last Sogko- r broke out. h asked him n- a swamp id him what I and called ok him for the canoe, ve; and he to see him, ler, that he 5 a war with bnd did not intend to return to him any more. He was mighty earnest with Mr. Church to tarry there while he would run and call her; but he told him "No, for he did not know but the L«dian8 would come down and kill him before he could get back again. He said that, if Mounthope, or Pocasset Indians could catch him, he believed they would knock him on the head: but all Sogkonate Indians knew him very well, and he believed none of them would hurt him. In short, Mr. Church refused, then, to tarry; but pro- mised that he would come over again and speak with Awashonks, and some other Indians that he had a mind to talk with. Accordingly he [directed]* him to notify Awa- shonks, her son Peter,* their chief Captain, Mid one Nompasht (an Indian that Mr. Church had, former- ly, a particular respect for) to meet hun two daya aW, at a rock at the lower end of Captain Rich- mond'st farm, which was a very noted place. And if that day should prove stormy, or windy, they were to expect him the next moderate day ; Mr. Church telling George, that he would have him come with the persons mentioned, and no more. They gave each other their hands upon it, [and] parted. Mr. Chm-ch went home, and the next morning to Newpokt; and informed the government of what had passed between him and the Sogkonate IndjMis ; and desired their permit for him, and Daniel Wilcox§ (a i [appointed] • See note 1, on page 57. t In another place his name is spelt Nnmpodi. Captain of the »»gkonate or Seconate Indians in expedition east." ^ . . »v X This rock is near the water a Uttle north of where they then were. SThe fatal 10 November, 1885, allows me only to say of thu person that descendanto in the fourth generation (I thinkVare found in Newbedford. See page it, of my prc- Ikee. 7* >t He was " the first ■.<*:.'»-.iiii •n PHILIP'S War, man that well understood the Indian langui^e,) to go oter to them. They told him, that they thought he was mad ; after such service as he had done, and auch dangers that he [had] escaped, now to throw away his fife; for the rogues would as certainly kill him as ever he went over. And utterly refused to Sant his permit, or to be willing that he should run e risk. . . i Mr. Church told them, that it ever had been in his thoughts, since the war broke out, that if he could discourse the Sogkonate Indians, he could draw them off from Philip, and employ them against him ; but could not, till now, never have an opportunity to Mieak with any of them, and was very loath to lose iT&c. At length they told him, [that] if he would go, it should be only with the two Indians that came with him; but they would give him no permit under their hands. , . He took his leave of them, resolving to prosecute his design. They told him, they were sorry to see him so resolute, nor if he went did they ever expect to see hi» face again. He bought a bottle of rum, and a smaU roll ol tobacco, to carry with him, and returned to his family. , ». ■ The next day, being the day appomted for the meeting, he prepared two light canoes for the de- siirn, and his own man with the two Indians for his cwnpany. He used such arguments with his tender and now ahnost broken hearted wife, from the expe- rience of former preservations, and the prospect ot the great service he might do, (might it please God to succeed his design, &c.,) that he obtained her consent to hii attempt. And commitUng her, the babes, and himself to heaven's protecUon, ho set * They had, from the shore, about a league to pad- dle. Drawing near the place, they saw the Indians sitting on the bank, waiting for their coming. Mr. %^•■ T PHILIP'S WAR. 79 'i guagc,) to 3y thought done, and ¥to throw rtainly kill refused to ihould run ad been in that if he could draw gainst him ; M>rtunitv to Mth to lose f he would that came srmit under prosecute sorry to see ever expect tail roll of med to his nted for the 1 for the de- dians for his h his tender m the expe- prospect of \, please God )btained her ing her, the ttioD, he set igue to pad- the Indians oming. Hit' Church sent one of his Indians ashore m one of the canoes to see whether they were the same Indians whom he had appointed to meet him, and no more : And if so, to stay ashore and send George to fetch him. Accordingly George came and fetched Mr. Church ashore, while the other canoe played off to see the event, and to carry tidings, if the Indians should prove false. » u i. Mr. Church asked George whether Awashonks and the other Indians [that] he appointed to meet him were there 9 He answered [that] they were. He then asked him if there were no more than they, whom he appointed to be there*? To which he would give no direct answer. However, he went ashore; when he was no sooner landed, but Awa- shonks and the rest that he had appointed to meet him there, rose up and came down to meet him; and each of them successively gave him their hands, and expressed themselves glad to see him, and gave him thanks for exposing himself to visit them. Ihey walked together about a gun shot from the water, to a convenient place to sit down, where at once rose up a great body of IMians, who had lam hid in the grass, (that was [as] high as a man's waist) and gathered round them, till they had closed them in ; being all armed with gups, spears, hatchets, &c., with their hairs trimmed, and faces painted, m their warlike appearance. It was doubtless somewhat surprising to our gen- tleman at first, but without any visible discovery of It, after a small silent pause on each side, he spoke to Avwshonks, and told her, that George had inform- ed him that she had a desire to see hiin, and dis- course about makine peace with the English. She answered "Yes." "Then," said Mr. Church, " it w customary when people meet to treat of peace, to lay aside their arms, and not to appear in such hos- tile form as your people do." [He] desired of her, that if they might talk about peace, which he desir- %^~ ra-'j!OT.gia go PHILIP'S WAR. ed they might, her men might lay "ij? .**•«;' X' and appear more treatable. Upon which there be^ Zi a considerable noise and murmur among them fn their own language, till Awashonkfl a^ked h.m what arms they should lay down, and where 1 He TpScewSig the Indians locked very surly a..d much Seisedl replied, "Only their guns at some small ff re7or formality's sie." Upon which wUh one consent, they laid aside their guns and came and sat ^°Ur. Church pulled out his caUibaah, and wked Awalhonks whether she had lived so long at Wetu- get • as to forget to drink occapeches - bacco ; and having distributed it, they began to *" Awashonks demanded of him the reason, why he had no t (agreeable to his promise when she saw him • Wtchuset. See note I, on p. 69. t CoSuaonly heard u though written tkiipe, or oehaft. la th Pi tl b w h F d a t i I I PHILIP'S WAR. 81 leir arms, there be- ing them sked him ixel He a.td much ome small h with one ae and sat ind asked at Wetu- ind drink- l him very it he swal- the shell, He then and pour- »ped it up. , and drank re than he he said to lere should a little ill nough, and lor when he &tched him asking him 1 all? and ured to take g her atten- • out his to- r began to son, why he she saw him or oeAq»e. last) been down at Sogkonate before now 7 Sayinj, that probably if he had come then, according to bis pronSse, they had never joined with Ph.l.p agamst ***Hetold^her [that] he was prevented by the war's breaking out so suddenly ; and yet, he was after- wards coming down, and came as far as P'lnkatees where a great many Indians set upon him, and fought him a whole afternoon, though he did not come pre- pared to fight, [and] had but nineteen men with him, whose chief design was to gain an opportunity to discourse some Sogkonate Indians. Upon this there at once arose a mighty murmur, confused noise and talk among the fierce looking creatures, and all ris- ing up in I hubbub. And a great surly looking fel- low took up his tomhog, or wooden cutlass to kill Mr. Church, but some others prevented bim. The interpreter asked Mr. Church, >f he under- stood what it was that the great fel»o^(they had hold of) said"? He answered him "No." "Why sdd the^nterpreter, "he says [that] you killed his brother at Punkatees, and therefore he thirsts for your blood." Mr. Church bid the interpreter teH Cthat his brother began first ; that if he had kept at Sogkonate, according to his desire and order, ho should not have hurt him. , , i „. „„j Then the chief Captain commanded silence , and told them that they should talk no more about old h ngs, &c.. and quelled the tumult, so that they sat dowE again, and began upon a discourse of mabBf t7e JSth the Englith. Mr. Church asked them whe^ woposals they would make, and on what terms they wX break^their league with Philip.7Des.riag Zm to make some proposals that he might carry to h!s masters; tellingWSi that it was not inhis pjw^ er to conclude a peace with them,but that he knew that if their proposals were reasonable, the govern meit would Sot'e unreasonable ; -"^ that ^e wou^d use his interest with the government for themj ana 83 PHILIP'S WAR. to encourage them to proceed, put them in mind that the Pequots* once made war with the Enghsh, and that after they subjected themselves to the Eng- lish, the English became their protectors, and de- fended them against other nationsf that would other- wise have destroyed them, &c. After some further discourse and debate he brought them at length to consent, that if the government of Plymouth would firmly engage to them, that they and all of them, and their wives and children should have their lives spared, and none of them transport- ed out of the country, they would subject themselves to them, and serve them, in what they were able. Then Mr. Church told them, that he was well satisfied the government of Plymouth would readily concur with what they proposed, and would sign their articles. And complimenting them upon it, how pleased he was with the thoughts of their re- turn, and of the former flriendship that had been be- tween them, &c. The chief Captain rose up, and expressed the great value and respect he had for Mr. Church ; and bowing to him, said, " Sir, if you will please to ac- cept of me and my men, and will head us, we will fight for you, and will help you to Philip's head be- fore the Indian corn be ripe." And when he had ended,they all expressed their consent to what he - said, and told Mr. Church [that] they loved him, and were witting to go with him, and fight for him as long as the English had one enemy left in the country. . ., , J Mr. Church assured them, that if they proved as good as their word, they should find him theirs, and their children's fast friend. And (by the way) the friendship is maintai ned between them to this day.t • See a history of this war in the Appendix, No. IV. t The Narragiinsets. S^n first note to Philip's war. J 1716. They consisted now, probably of no ioaore than 300 persons, c\ T sY m tl a| n: ai a tl e tl [ t 1 in mind e English, the Eng- i, and de- ould other- he brought ;rnment of , that they iren should 1 transport- themselves ite able. e was well luld readily would sign n upon it, >f their re- \d been be- presaed the Ihurch ; and lease to ac- us, we will p's head be- irhen he had to what he f loved him, ight for him left in the jy proved as I theirs, and the way) the to this day. + No. IV. ip's war. no more than PHILIP'S WAR. t ' Then he proposed unto them, that they should choose five men to go strait with him to PiyjouUi. They told him " No, they would not choose, but he should take which five he pleased." Some comph- ments passed about it, at length it was agreed, [that] Sty should choose three, and he two. Then he aeried that he would go back to the island that niirht and would come to them the next morning, So "hrough the woods to Plymouth. But they rftemards objected, W Ws /raveUing through the woods would not be safe for him; [that] the enemy might meet with them and kill him, and then theTM lose their friend and the whole design [wJn d be] ruined beside. And therefore proposed hiat he shiuld come in an English vessel, and the, would meet him, and come on board at Sogkonate pS Sid sail from thence to Sandwich, winch m fine was concluded upon. So Mr. Church promising to come as soon as he could possibly obtain a vessel, and then they parted. He returned to the island and was at great pains -^nA charee to get a vessel ; but with unaccountable 3?sapP4lntl sometime's by the falseness and sometimes by the faintheartedness of men that he baTga ned with, and something by wind and weather &c^r Until at length Mr. Anthony Low* put m to Se harbour with a loaded vessel bound to the westwidrand being made acquainted wiUi Mr. Chu,^"^ case, told him, that he had so much kind- ness for him, ^d was so pleased with the business Kewa^ engaged in, that he^ould run the venture of his vessel and cargo to wait upon him. Accordinaly, next morning they set -sail with a wind ?ha Ton brought them to Sogkonate point. Sut comfng there they met with a contrary wind, and a great swelling sea. 1 [that] . TTtttt much search I can a«ertain nothing of tnis perw.. The name is common in oor country at this day #/ g4 PHILIP'S WAR. The Indians were there waiting upon the rocks, hut had nothing but a miserable broken cwioe to ! WrS in vet Peter Awashonks ventured oflf m f aSd" Uh a' great Teal of difficulty and danger l;t aboaJd AHd by this time it began to ram and gfow'^xceedingly, Id forceAi^era-l£:,r^' af tZoancture', it miX ri.i» the whole design ; [he] jMiX^V5?ew up the prop»»K -"d a-t.c e» issfr^s^rfrrtKo-trTrre^^ ^^f^S * eTio SogRonate o„ I^rd", d< iTihe EaAh amy to come, there was great >;ok- • f ! H iSrChurch, on -Jie Monday morninr, ("A tier" irn^lf .Aer hi. fatigue, «.dpU» KSn fo the «™rt„'»'|"»".rf utdeTa p^ E^SHan-Jre-'i^^™ I ^ i q w i' »»y » ^i - i p yij i . !■■■ _ . ' T '"~^'?^"T" WtH ! ll il WI I ' I I >- "" ■ ^ ' ^ ' ' ' PHILIP'S WAR. 86 the rocks, canoe to ired off in id danger rain and he sound ; stol ferry, Peter with and told 1 his going would be lid be gone jsign ; [he] ctions with ind articles em to Ply- , if he saw Lord's day* n that were least, with 8 appointel great Kok- ay morninr, 5, and partly is wife, and nder a pre- without any t, or sooner, jor Bradford, set, to whom him of the ) towns ; New- h in the north. whole of hi« proceedings with the Sogkonate In- Witb the Major's consent and i»dvice, he returned again next morning to the islan' in order to go over that way to Awashonks, to inform her that the army was arrived, &.c. Accordingly from Sachueeset neck* he went in a canoe to Sogkonate. [He] told her that Major Brndford was arrived at Pocasset with a great army, v»nom he had informed of all the proceedings with her ; that if she would be advised, and observe order, she nor her people need not to fear being hurt by them ; told her [that] she should call all her people down into the neck, lest if they should be found straggling about, mischief might light on them; that on the morrow they would come down wid receive her and give her further orders. She promised to get as many of her people t<>- gether as possibly she could ; desiring Mr. Church to contMder that it would be difficult tor to get them together at suc^ short warning. Mr. Church returned to the island and to the army the same night. u j * The nextmomingt the whole army marched to- wards Sogkonate, as far an Ptankatees, and Mr. Church with a few men went down to Sogkonate to call Awashonks and her people, to come up to the English camp. As he was going down they met wtfi a Pocasset Indian, who haii killed a cow, and cot a quarter of her ou his back, and her tonsue in his pocket. [He]' ga?e them an account, that hji came from Pocasset two days since m company with his mother, and several other Indituis, now hid in a swamp above Nonqui l.J Disarming? of him, he sent him by two men to Mijov Bradford, and pioceeded 1 [who] «_«___ • (The rautheast corner of RhodeWand.) t July 18. } (la Tiverton.) 8 »;• ,;^*^g^aso8«r f > (* '* " 86 PHILIP'S WAR. toSogkonate. They saw several Indians by the way skulking about but let them pass. Arriving at Awashonks camp, [he] told her [that] he wTs c?me to invite her and her people up to Pun- kttr; where Major Bradford -^IJ^^^^^X Plymouth army, expecting her ^^ ^er subjects to receive orders, until further order could be had troin Se government. She complied, and -ooj^-^^/ orders for such of her sub ects as were not w Uh her immediately to come in. And by twelve o'clock of nTt dat «he with most of her number^ ap^J- J before the English camp at Punkatees. Mr. ^""'C" tendered rhinSelf to] The Major to serve under h.8 '::^^k providedthe Indians m.ght be accep ed with him, to fight the enemy. The Major toW mm fthatl his orders were to improve him it he pleasea, tut as for r Indians he would not be concerned with them. And presently gave forth orders tor Twashonks and aU her subjects both men women and children, to repair to Sandwich ;t and ^o be there upon peril, in sue ^J^'^^lf^^^^te .Z :Sd^seth:'^t)^^^^it-^^ -=' t\iVe:,that u rSt\po9 oXs and that if he could not accompany them to sSich,i should not be above a week before he wruTdmeet them there ; that he was confi^^^^^^^^^^^ Governour would commission him to >mP'ove them. The Major hastened to -"^ them away with Jack Havens (ai Indian who had never been in the wars) Sthefront^^ situation, has been given on vage 40, note 1. ^he woot'8. ^ the way ler [that] p to Pun- with the ibjects to had from I sent out with her, j'clock of appeared [r. Church under his 5 accepted r told him, le pleased, concerned orders for en, women and to be IS and her lere he was themselves ided in, nor jest to obey uiy them to k before he anfident the >rove them. ,y with Jack in the wars) jid. to extent and ,on Cape Cod. er, he was lib- ibove 50 miles an ao through PHILIP'S WAR. 8T They being gone, Mr. Church by the help of his man Toby, (the Indian whom he had taken prisoner as he was going down to Sogkonate) took said To- by's mother, and those that were with her, prisoners. Next morning the whole army moved back to Po- casset. This Toby informed them that there were a great many Indians gone down to Wepoiset* to eat clams ; (other provisions being very scarce with them) that Philip himself was expected within three or four days at the same place. Being asked what Indians they were *? he answered, " Some WeetJ*- more's Indians; some Mounthope Indians; some Narraganset Indians; and some other upland In- dians ; in all, about three hundred." The llhodeisland boats, by the Major's order, meeting them at Pocasset, thev were soon embarked. It being just in the dusk of the evening, they could plainly discover the enemies' fires at the place the Indian directed to, and the army concluded no other, but [that] they were bound directly thither, until they came to the north end of the island and heard the word of command for the boats to bear away. Mr. Church was very fond of having this probable opportunity of surprising that whole company of In- dians embraced; but orders, it was said must be obeyed, which were to go to Mounthope, and there to fight Philip. This with some other good opportunities of doing spoil upon the enemy, being unhappily missed.f Mr. Church obtained the Major's consent to meet the Sogkonate IndicTis, according to his promise. He was offered a guard to Plymouth, but chose to go with one man only, who was a good pilot. About sunset,^ he, with Sabin§ his pilot, mounted • In Swanzcy. fThe cause of tliis ill timed manoeuvre of the army must remain a mystery. t •'"'y ^^• § As this name does not occur any where else in this histo- ry, it is not probable that he served regularly in that capa- JA Jmimm '■i -^.T' '-?'?5S«lii ]ka mmm IM Wi: m 88 PHILIP'S WAR. their horses at Rehoboth, where the army now W and by two hours bv sun next mortiing. «jnved safe at Plymouth. And by that time they had refreshed jLmKs, the Governour and Treasurer* came to town Mr Church gave them a short account of the aSs ofthe army, &c. His honour was pleased to gl." him thanks L the good ajid {je^t «erv>c« he had done at Sogkonate ; [and] told him, [thatj he hS cZi^eA afl that he tad promised Awashonks and had sent the Indian back again that [hadj Soughthis letter.t He asked h.s Jionour whethe^ he had any thing later from Awashonks take more IS provided, iber of men i]» were Mr. account of hi^ I Bent from the JabezHowland,*and Nathaniel Southworth.f Thev went to Sandwich that night, where Mr. Church (with need enough) took a nap of sleep. The next morn- ing, with about sixteen or eighteen men, he proceed- ed as far as Agawom,| where they had great expec- tation of meeting the Indians, but met them not. His men being discouraged, about half of them re- turned. Only half a dozen stuck by him, and pro- mised so to do until they should meet with the In- dians. When they came to Sippican^ river, Mr. How- land began to tire, upon which Mr. Church left him and two more, for a reserve, at the river; that if he should meet with enemies, and be forced back, they might be ready to assist them in getting over the river. Proceeding in their march^ they crossed another river, and opened a great bay,|| where they might see many miles along shore, where were sands and flats ; and hearing a great noise below them, to- wards the sea, they dismounted their horses ; left them, and creeped among the bushes, until they came near the bank,- and saw a vast company of In- * Little more than the pages of this history furnish, am I able to communicate of the worthy Howland. More, but for the fatal winds, or more fatal flames of Conrtstreet might have been told. He was a son of the venerable John How- land of Carver's family, (whose name is the ISth to that memorable instrument, or first foundation of government in Newengland, which may be seen in Appendix, III, with the other signers.) As I am informed by my worthy friend, Mr. Isaac Howland of Westport, who is also a descendant. t This gentleman was with Mr. Church in his first and second expeditions to the eastward, as will be seen in those expeditions. I learn nothing more of him. X A small river in Rochester. Several places were known by this name. Our Plymouth fathers proposed to go to a ttace about twenty leagues to the northward, known to them ly the name of Agawam, (now Ipswich.) Morton, 30. § (Rochester.) y Buzxard's bay. 8* i 90 PHILIP'S WAR. they were, they were at a loss. SK them, and told them hi, »™? «»» ^huiA ^'^re A^ashonks and her company, «^dj^ut Jac^^^ Havens was among them ; whom Mr- Ch»rch ^^le Xtelv sent for to come to him, and ordered the mes sengerto inform Awashonks that he was come to !?♦ i,»r Jack Havens soon came, and by that S£hErhrW!^5ES ti h ti a h fa d a t ti^_i^--j^'.fi .'I'S^i^aXi :* PHILIP'S WAR. 91 lOrseback ;hing eels ing, &,c. ; Bit Indians r. Churcli im, and a ted, came ! that call- • theydis- ;hem8elve» ch surpris- ist back as the bushes as Church, 3m. Upon about their them that ide and ex- lians below 1 that Jack urch ^jftme- •ed the mes- ms come to and by that lestions, and I Awashonks :iat Jack had jT of Indians armed, came him with all to go [and] ) with her in p that night, him, he went Rowland, hat mettle he B Indians that ns how ♦.0 act their parts. When he came P'etty near the place he and his Englishmen pretendedly fled, firms on their retreat towards the Indians Uiat pursued them, and they firing as fast after them. Mr. Rowland being upon his guard, hearing the guns, and by and by sleing the motion both of the English and In- dians, concluded [that] his friends were distressed, and was soon on the full career on horseback to meet them ; [when]' he [perceived]'' their laughing, [andj mistrusted the truth. , , , . . • »i.« «««,= As soon as Mr. Church had given him the news, they hastened away to Awashonks. Upon their ar- rival, they were immediately -mducted to a shelter open on one side whither ^ onks and her chiefs soon came, and paid their .ccts ; and the multi- tudes save shouts as made the heavens to ring. It being now about sunsetting, or near the dusk of the evining, the Netops* came running from all quarters loaden with the tops of drv pines, and the like combustible matter, making a huge pile there- of, near Mr. Church's shelter, on the open side thereof. But by this time supper was brought in, in tW dishes; viz., a curious young bass in one dish; eels and flat fish m a second; and shell hsh in a third. But neither bread nor sfilt to be seen at table. But by that time supper was over, the mighty pile of pine knots and tops, &c., was fired ; and all the Indians, great and small, gathered in a ring round it, A^iaShonks, with the oldest of her people men and women mixed, kneeling down, made the firsUing next the fire; and all tTie lusty stout men, 1 [u ntil] ^ [perceivin g] Keen th. 5l.».cW«tt. .»d CorneeUcut met. Ibii 15. 93 PHILIP'S WAR. !^ I IS > >i * ?r j.tanding up, made the next, and then all the rabble in a confused crew, surrounded, on the ou side. Then the chief Captain stepped in between the rings and the fire, with a spear in one hand, and a hatchet in the other ; danced round the «[«, and be- gan tc i-fjht with it; making mention of all the seve- ral nations ar.i companies of Indians '"the coun- try, that were enemies to the English. And at "idling of every particular tribe of Indians, he would draw out and fight a new firebrimd; and at finishing his fight with each particular firebrand, would bow to him, and thank him; and when he had named a 1 the several nations and tribes, and fought them al , he stuck down his spear and hatchet, and came out, and another ^ptin, and acted over the same dance, with vaore fur^, if possible, than the first; and when abou half adozen of their chiefs had thus acted then parts, the Captain of the guard stept up to Mr. Church, and told him, [that] they were making .ol- diers for him, and what they had been auing w.i3 al one [as] swearing of them. And having in that mwiner Engaged all the stout lusty ["«"' /was^ks !ir her chifs came to Mr. Church, and told^im, that now they were all engaged to fight for the Eng- ish, and [that] he might call forth all, or any of hem. at aiy time, as he saw occasion to fight the enemy. A^d [then] presented him with a very fine Vr? Church accepts their offer, drew out a num- ber of them, and set out next mormng before day for Plymouth, where they arrived the same day. The Governour being informed of it, came early to town* next morning ;t and by that time, he had Englishmen enough to make a good company, when jo"ged with Mr. cliurch's Indians, that offered their • The Governour rewded at Marshfield a few miles Bortii of Plymouth. t July 23. -.*ir< r r iWiiMW the rabble itside. etween the land, and a re, and be- ll the seve- the coun- I. And at s, he would at finishing would bow i named all lit them all, 1 came out, ame dance, ; and when i acted theiv up to Mr. making sol- jing was afl ing in that d told^im, for the Eng- II, or any of to fight the I a very fine r out a num- g before day me day. , came early time, he had npany when offered their iw miles Bortli ■t^aai&. 'm'-mi^ntiii.ssis^^^^seieiesis^K. ilffMfffl"- ■*"- "■■•^""'•'•Ki^'- IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I 11.25 IttlM 125 itt ilii 12.2 WWU !. ^^llMiMMW^ Photographic Sciences Corporation 33 WIST MAM STMIT WIIITIR,N.Y. 14SM (716)I73-4S03 4^ 4gs ^^^ mm mmmm^ >*J*f3^^^|*K!iJ-rMi.V CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CiHM/iCMH Collection de microfiches. Canadian Institute for Historical IMicroraproductions / Institut Canadian da microraproductions historiquas i^fiH^ it^SfigmfS9m>^-i^l^^:l^i>f«»'-8'ia<^-'-^'-^'i iiatpii'-i;.-^:'. ^mmmimm f •t H r PHILIP'S WAR, »3 voluntary service, to go under his command in ijuest of the enemy. The Governour then gave hun a commission which is as follows. " Captain Benjamin Chcbch, you are hereby no- minated, ordered, commissioned, and empowered to raise a company of volunteers of about two hundred men, English and Indians ; the English not exceed- ing the number of sixty, of which company, or so many of them as you can obtain, or shall see cause at present to improve, you are to take the command, conduct, &-id to lead them forth now and hereafter, at such iSme, and unto such places within this colony, or elsewhere within the confederate colonies, as you shall think fit; to discover, pursue, fight, surprise, destroy, or subdue our Indian enemies, or any part or parties of them, that by the providence of God you may meet with, or them, or any of them, by treaty and compositior to receive to mercy, if you see reason, (provided thiey be not murderous rogues, or such as have been principal actors in those villanies.) And forasmuch as your company may be uncertam, and i^ persons often changed, you are also here- by en^wered with the advice of your company, to choose and commissionate a Lieutenant, and to es- tablish Sergeants, and Corporals as you see cause. And you herein improving your best judgment and discretion, and utmost ability, faithfully to serve the interest of God, his Majesty'ff interest, and the inter- est of the colony ; and carefully governing your said company at home and abroad. These shall be unto you full and ample commission, warrant and dis- charge. Given under the publick seal, this 24th day of July, 1676. Per JOS. WINSLOW, Governour." Receiving commission, he marched the same night into the woods, got to Mi ddleborough* before day ; • About 15 miljs from Plymouth. The fruitful waters in this town and the plenty of game in its woods, caused it to be a principal residence for Indians. Mourt says (in Prince, nii!iri».i.iij tmw i]wmiyiw';i ,' i"^. T 94 PHILIP'S WAR. and as soon as the light appeared tooj^Jf ^j^^^,^ woods and swampy thickets, towards ^ place wh«e thev had some reason to expect to meet with a par cefof Narraganset Iridians with -me ^t^ers tha belonged ^o Mounthop.^^^^^^ &v:Sttt?my?rd^^^^^^^ iid postures, returned with the >nte».gence to t^^^^^ Capt^n; who gave such ^«^^''Z" IZ^t- mZi^L ing of them, as had the desired effec, «"'F»«J^8 thim from every side, «> ^"^''P^'l^^JiiLA^^-*^ were all taken, not so much a^ oneenca^dk And uDon a strict examination, they gave inieiii eence Toother parcel of the enemy, at a place SKed Mun%setpLd.t Captain Church h^^^^^^^ with his prisoners through the woods to FlymoutP , rhrnn lOl ^"rtiousands of men have live.i here, who died •" •'. _>. »_ r«- » fMtnt vorrl. n ercd an Indian sepuicnre o curiosities. A of the great AssawomKii. * j remained un- ani) none remain of clear oiooa. * "c »«"» •^" ^^xeTwasT -n -ho died a few ^y-" "-, aUUe^^^^^ it was ™£P«J.^;f„^«J K; troubTes of tL inhabitants (n T"" JT.l,.ndTattcred through Mr. Hubbard's Narra- ;Sl>B«SHUt' Middk^^^^^ note 1. for page ": We'ir^; regret that our author does not tell us th. • we nay«*°"»". j ^he place where he took them. '?7 small pond in the north part of the present town of HkUfax, u_ij-.ii«nii I* iilMiiiiiWii''^ took into the a place where et with a par- ne others that lear to where I Indian scout iring their fires, igence to their r the surround- jct; surprising jflly, that they jcapedk*^ ey gave intelli- smy, at a place lurch hastening s to Plymouth, ed here, who died our arrival." It sited by the Eng- , and Mr. Stephen ly to vinit Massas- ied of the plagne, Relicks J|anti- tleman lately dig- own house, diacov- i great quantity of »er curiosities. A I the northeast side Led with the blacks, t that remained un- I since, at the age. by the name of Cy- the inhabitants in . Hubbard's Narra- id note 1, for page does not tell usth<* rhere he took them, in part, be account- en after nearly forty lly this part of the the present town of PHILIP'S WAR. disposed of them all, excepting, only one, Jeffrey, who proving very ingenuous and fiithfiil to him, in informing where other parcels of Indians harboured. Captain Church promised him, that if he continued to be faithful to him, he should not be sold out of the country, but should be his waiting man, to take care of hie horse, &c. ; and accordingly he served him faithfully as long as he lived. But Captain Church was forthwith sent out again, and the terms for his encouragement being conclud- ed on, viz., that the country should find them am- munition%nd provision, and have half the prisoners and arms "[that] they took : The Captain and his English soldiers to have the other half of the prison- ers and arms; and the Indian soldiers the loose plunder. Poor encouragement ! But after some time it was mended. They soon captivated the Munponsets,* and brought them in, not one escaping. This stroke he held several weeks, never returning empty handed. When he wanted intelligence oT theUMkenneling places, he would march to some pialb^ikely to meet with some travellers or ramblers, and scattering his company, would lie close ; and seldom lay above a day or two, at most, before some of them would fall into theii hands ; whom he would compel to inform where their company were. And so by his method of secret and suddeu surprises, took great numbers of them prisoners. The government observing his extraordinary courage and conduct, and the success from heavenf • A small tribe of Indians that resided near MnnpoDset pond. t Whether Heaven had any thing to do with making ulaves of the Indians after they were made prisoners, may be doubted by scepticks, on the same principles that every feel- ing man now doubts of the justness of our southern breth- ren to make slaves of Negroes. But to the commendation of our hero be it spoken, that his voice was always against en- i> t :tl 1' pumi^wp t^Hm* i^ipw »"' ._^iii»i ■ilipMliiil^J.i 1^ fl'" T 96 PHILIP'S WAR. added to it, saw cause to enlarge his commission ; save him power to raise and dismiss his forces, as he Siould see occasion ; to commissionate officers un- £ him, and to march as far as he should see cause, within the limits of the three united colonies; to re. ceive to mercy, give quarter, or not; excepting some particular and noted murderers, viz., Philip, and all Sit were at the destroying of Mr. Clark's garrison, and some few others. -..i u- Major Bradford being now at Taunton with his army, and wanting provisions, some carts were or- dwed from Plymouth for their supply, and Captain Church to guard them. But he obtaining other gZds for the carts, as far as Middleborough, ran Before with a small company, hoping to meet with some of the enemy; appointing ^he carts and their guards to meet with them at Nemascut,* about an hour after sun's rising, next morning. He arrived there about the breaking of the day- light, and discovered a company of the enemy; but his time was too short to wait for gaming advantage, and therefore ran right in upon them, surprisg and captivated about sixteen of them, who upon Hmii- n ation, informed that Tispaquinf a very famous Cap- riaving mankind. What greater proof «»« ^^^ V^« »' ^1^ humanity, consideringthe age in which he lived? Seepage 53, and note 1. XTaSTMiddiborough alongthe "-' of t^f* "X Thin name like many others was written difiTerently by the Sfy SmporarTii^iters. It is f-"f y^'rtJm" Mai,' but more properly Nemasket. Holmes, I, «1, from 1 Mare. m«» roll ill 148 savs, it was thatjpart of Middleborough, Swch^l EnglS fi^t planted. H^utchinson I. 362 »vs, Tal Philip sometimes re8\ded here. See note ». «" P^Kf «f r Savage, in Winthrop, I, 55, «y8, " Jhw "a^e belonged to part of the tract now included in Middleborough; but the C of Indian geography were probably not very precise, or are forgotten." . ' „, + He was at the destroying of Mr. Clark's house at Ply- month Mer his wife and child were taken by Captain ChSch, he came Ind delivered himself up at Plymouth, as a T um i Bi ii -tiH WBfwwpw I commission ; i forces, as he ,e officers un- uld see cause, lionies ; to re-; Kcepting some Philip, and all ark's garrison, unton with his carts were or- y, and Captain itaining other leborough, ran g to meet with carts and their cut,* about an \g of the day- he enemy ; but ling advantage, I, surpris|d and lio upon nami- iry famous Cap- tn we have of his > lived? Seepage iver of that name. I differently by the y spelt Namasket ; 211, from 1 Mass. if Middleborottgh, inson, I, 962, says, note l,on page 9S. name belonged to etiorough; but the ,ot very precise, or ark's house at Ply- taken by Captain p at Plymouth, as a PHILIP'S WAR. 97 tain among the enemy was at Assawompset* with a numerous company. But the carts must now be guarded, and the op- portunity of visiting Tispaquin must now be laid aside ; the carts are to be faithfully guarded, lest Tispaquin should attack them. Coming towards Taunton, Captain Church taking two men with him, made all speed to the town. And coming to the river side, he hallooed, and inquiring of them that came to the river, for Major Bradford or his Captains. He was informed [that] they were in the town, at the tavern. He told them of the carts that were coming, that he had the cumber of guarding them, which had already prevented his im- proving opportunities of doing service ; prayed, therefore, that a guard might be sent over to receive the carts, that he might be at liberty — refusing all invitations and persuasions to go over to the tavern to visit the Major He at length obtained a guard to receive the carts, by whom also he sent his prison- ers to be conveyed with the carts, to Plymouth ; di- rectum them not to return by the way they came, but ffy Bridgewater. prisoner of war ; but was afterward barbarously murderedhj the government for his confidence in them, as will be seen in the progress of this history. To do justice in some degree, to the memory of the nu- merous race of human beings, who have left this delightful country to us, a biographical work should be written, contain- ing as much of the lives and actions as can now be found, of such of those natives, whose names have come down to us. The author of these notes has taken some steps toward that end, which would be freely contributed to assist an able hand in the undertaking. Should no other attempt it, some years to come may produce it from his pen. * Hn Middieborough.) This word again occurs in the course of a few paragraphs and is there spelt right. It must have been inattention that caused the difference in itsorthographv, as well as in many others. The country around the ponds bore the name of Assawomset. See note 4, on page 37. In modern writers we see it sometimes spelt as above. 9 '* 9g PHILIP'S WAR. Haatening beck, he proposed to camp that night at AZwomnet neck.* But as soon as they c^e to 4he river that runs into the .g'«^V tf 'Lck tSe the thick swamp at the entermg of the neck, the enemy fired upon them, but hurt not a man. Cap^ JaTJhurch's Indians ran right J^o the «wamp «J^^^ fired upon them, but it being m the dusk of the eve Bins the enemy made their escape in the thickets, ""r^he Captain'then moving a^x^^^^-tTof^ rest on *; gS, looked sharp out for the enemy. [wLwere]\ithin' hearing on em^^^^^ verv near. But in the dead of the night the enemy Sg out of hearing, or still, Captain ?Jhuj^h moved out of the neck (not the same way he came m, lest be should be ambuscaded towards Cu»hnet,t where all the houses were burnt. And crossmg Cushnet ;S Sg extremely fatigued with two nights ZIL day's ramble without rest or sleep. And ob^ servina «ood forage for their horses, the Capt«un S:3ld upon b'fiting, and taking ariap. SeUing six men towat ch the passage of the river, vm> to ern. The " thick swamp," next meniionea, reuMM« time, t The Assawomset. Ul\?dSht\le„«nee.ta»ce„fromDartm^^^^^ The part where Ncwbedford now 18 was meant. „ . p . yet. Ur. "Oyy^'T^r^.K-j :f we write Anonaganset, we gener'al.isto be preferred ; f«' J 'Ve^ SaWe and agree- Sniformity, anJ««r'*''T^J,u7rian«aieTyet. the writer »bk attendants to be met .^^'th .n >an|aage . y ^ ^ ^^^ «r these notes is very sensible of his laiiures tu as other respects. T -MMiMMtaMMMNi iliiiilifliai>iirr-r'- that night they came d,t throush ! neck, the man. Cap- awamp, and L of the eve- e thickets, nile into the illey to feed i bridles, the r the enemy, le, and some tit the enemy hurch moved came in,' lest hnet,t where iing Cushnet two nights' ep. Andob- , the Captain lap. Setting iver; Vt^ to Sampson's Tar- remains to tbi* artmoath. The I is called Cush- not. Summary, inonagan!>et, we ashnet. But he page 51, of this those names, in !t direct road to irable and agree- ; yet, the writer , in these •■ well PHIUFS WAR. 9» watch at a time, while the others slept, and m> to take their turns, while the rest of the company went into a thicket to sleep under a guard of two senti- nels more. But the whole company being very drowsy, soon forgot their danger, and were fast asleep, sentinels and all. The Captain first awakes, looks up, and judges he had slept four hours ; which being longer than he designed, immediately rouses his company, and sends away a file to see what was become of the watch, at the passage of the river ; but they no sooner opened the river in sight, but they discovered a company of the enemy viewing of their tracks, where they came into the neck. Cap- tain Church, and those with him, soon dispersed into the brush, on each side of the way, while the file sent, got undiscovered to the passage of the river, and found their watch all fast asleep. But these tidings thoroughly awakened the whole company. But the enemy giving them no present disturbance, they examined Uieir Tknapsacks,]' and taking a little refreshment, the Captain ordered one purty to guard the horses, and the other to scout, who soon ntef with a track, and following of it, they were brought to a small company of Indians, who proved to be Littleeyes,* and family, and near relations, who were of Sogkonate, but had forsaken their countrymen, upon their making peace with the Eng- lish. Some of Captain Church's Indians asked him, if he did not know this fellow 1 [and] told him, " This is the rogue that would have killed you at Awashonks' dance." And signified to him, that now he had an opportunity to be revenged on him. But the Captain told them, [that] it was not English)- men's fashion to seek revenge ; and that he snouM have the quarter the rest had. Moving to the river side, they found an old canoe, 1 [snapsacks] III 1 I / See page 35. • ■il m'' too PHILIP'S WAR. with which the Captain ordered Littleeyes and his company to be carried over to an island * telhng him, [that] he would leave him on that island until he returned. And lest the English should light on them, and kill them, he would leave his cousin Light- footf (whom the English knew to be their friend) to be his guard. Littleeyes expressed himself very thankful to the Captain. He leaving his orders with Lightfoot, returns to the river side, towards Ponaganset, to Russel's orch- ard.! [On] coming near the orchard they clapped into a thicket, and there lodged the rest of the night without any fire. And upon the morning light s ap- pearing, moved towards the orchard, [and] discover- ed some of the enemy, who had been there the day before, and had beat down all the apples, and earn- ed them away; discovered also where they had lodged that night, and saw the ground, where they set their baskets, [was] bloody ; being, as they sup- posed, and as it was afterwards discovered, [—J with the flesh of sWine, &c., which they had killed that day. They had lain under the fences without any fires, and seemed by the marks [which] they left behind them, 'to be very numerous; perceived also by the dew on the grass, that they had not been long gone, and therefore, moved apace m pursuit of them. , • * *u Travelling three miles or more, they came into the country road where the tracks paKed. One parcel 1 [to be] • What. I suspect, is now caUed Peer's island. There are others further out, which from their distance, it wthought unlikely that they went down so far. t Cousin to Littleeyes. He was a valuable and faithful wrvant to ©hurch, and is notorious for his exploits in the eastern wars. ; 1 This orchard stood just in rear of the old garrison before mentioned. See note 2, on page 50. The remains of whicL were to be seen within the age of some recently Imng. r i Mi(lfB' i fi-ir»( i in « t i tiW« PHILIP'S WAR. 101 res and his id,* telling sland until Id light on >usin Light- ir friend) to imself very returns to issel's orch- ley clapped of the night g light's ap- d] discover- lere the day i, and carri- e they had , where they as they sup- tvered, [ — ]' y had killed ices without ch] they left reeived also id not been in pursuit of lame into the One parcel island. There ce, it is thought ble and faithful exploits in the garrison before imains of whick :ly living. steered towards the west end of the great cedar swamp, and the other to the east end> The Captain halted, and told his Indian soldiers, that they had heard, as well as he, what some men had said at Plymouth, about them, <&c. ; that now was a good opportunity for each party to prove themselves. The track being divided, they should follow one and the English the other, being equal in number. The Indians declined the motion, and were not willing to move any where without him; said, [that] they should not think themselves safe without him. But the Captain insisting upon it, they submitted. He gave the Indians their choice, to follow which track they pleased. They replied, that they were light and able to travel, therefore, if he pleased, they would take the west track. And appointing the ruins of John Cook's house at Cushnet, for the place to meet at, each company set out briskly to try their fortunes. Captain Church, with his English soldiers, follow- ed their track until they came near entering a miry swamp, when the C^tain heard a whistle in the rear ; (which Was a note for a halt) looking behind him, he saw William Fobe»* start out of the com- Eany, and made towards him, who hastened to meet im as fast as he could. Fobes told him [that] they had discovered abundance of Indians, and if he Eleasedtogoafewsteps back, he might see them imself. He did so, and saw them across the swamp ; observing them, he perceived [that] they were gath- ering whortleberries, and they had no apprehensions of their being so near them. The Captain supposed them to be chiefly women, and therefore calling one Mr. Dillano, who wns acquainted with the ground, and the Indian language, and another named Mr. * Perhaps Forb€$ would have been the proper way of q^K ling this name. He went coramismy wka Churek in his thml eaitMn expeditioa. 9* 102 PHILIP'S WAR. Barns * With these two men he takes right through the swamp, as fast as he could, and orders the rest to hasten after them. . Captain Church with Dillano and Barns, having good horses, spurred on and were soon amongst the thickest of the Indians, and out of sight of their own men. Among the enemy was an Iridian woman, who with her husband had been driven off from Rhodeisland, notwithstanding they had a house upon Mr. Sanford's land, and had planted a" orchard before the war; yet the inhabitants would not be satisfied, till they were sent off. Captain Church with his family, living then at the said Sanfords, came acquainted with them, who thought it very hard to turn off such old quiet people. But in the end it proved a providence, and an advantage to lum and his family, as you may see afterwards. This Indian woman knew Captain Church, and as 8oon as-she knew him, held up both her hands, and came running towards them, crying aloud, Church . Church! Church!" Captain Church bid her stop the rest of the Indians, and tell them, [that;) the way to save their lives, was, not to run, but yield them- selves prisoners, and he would not kill them. bo with her help, and Dillano's, who could call to them in their own language, many of them stopped and surrendered themselves, others scampering and cast- ine away their baskets, &c., betook themselves to the thickets; but Captain Church being on horse- back, soon came up with them, and laid hold of a Bun that was in the hand of one of the foremost ot Sie company, pulled it from him, and told him ho must go back. And when he had turned them, he began to look ftbout him to see where he was, and what was become of his company; hoping they 1 [and] •- Of this person as well as Dillano and Fobes, after consW- crable painsand search, I can tell nothing. The names are common in the old colony. PHILIP'S WAR. .100 ight through lers the rest lams, having unongst the of their own iian woman, van off from Bt house upon an orchard would not be ptain Church id Sanford's, ught it very But in the uitage to him •ds. Iiurch, and as er hands, and ad, " Church ! 1 her stop the hat^ the way at yield them- U them." So d call to them n stopped and jring and cast- themselves to ;ing on horse- laid hold of a he foremost of nd told him ho irned them, he re he was, and. ; hoping they >be8, after consid- The names are might be all as well employed as himself. But he could find none but Dillano, who was very busy gathering up prisoners. The Captain drove his that he had stopped, to the rest ; inquiring of Dillano for their company, but could have no news of them ; [and]' moving back,picked up now and then a sculk- uig prisoner by the way. When they came near the place where they first started the Indians, they discovered their company standing in a body togetiier, and had taken some few prisoners ; when they saw their Captain, they hasten- ed to meet him. They told him [that] they found it difficult getting through the swamp, and neither seeing nor hearing any thing of him, they concluded [that] the enemy had killed him, and were at a great loss what to do. Having brought their prisoners together, they found [that] they had taken and killed sixty-six of the enemy. Captain Church then asked the old squaw, what company they belonged unto *? She said, [that] they belonged part to Philip, and part to Qun- nappm* and the Narraganset sachem ;t discovered » [but] •An old Queen amonK the Narraganscts, says Hutch. 1, 268. Trum. I, S47, says that Magnus an old Narraganset Queen was killed S July. It is possible that both names meant the same person. She signed the treaty in June, of which men- tion has been made. In Hutchinson, the name is »pelt Quaiapen, and in Hubbard, Quenoquin, and by a writer In N. H. Hist. Col. Ill, 108, Quannopin. But these names way not all mean the same person, as the author last cited, says, that Mrs. Rowlandson, wife of the' minister of Lancas- ter, when taken was sold to Quannopin whose wife was a sister to Philip's wife. The same writer observes, on page 141, that one of Quannopin's wives' names was Wittimore. She could not be the same that was drowned near Swanzey, for that was before Mrs. R. was taken. See note 2, on page 27. t Who is meant by this Narraganset sachem, it is difficult to determine. There were six that subscribed the trea^ in June. Canonchet, who was noted for his enmity to the Eng- laiMtMi i J j BiM' 104 PHILIP'S WAR. I also upon her declaration, that both Philip and Q,\m- napin were about two miles off, in the great cedar swamp. He inquired of her what company they had with them. She answered, " Abundance of In- dians." The swamp, she said, was full of Indians from one end unto the other, that were settled there ; [and] that there were near an hundred men, [who] came from the swamp with them, and left them upon that plain to gather whortleberries, and promised to call them as they came back out of Sconticut neck,* whither they went to' kill cattle and horses for pro- visions for the company. She perceiving Captain Church move towards the neck, told him, [that] if they went that way they would be killed. He asked her where about they crossed the river 9 She pointed to the upper passing place. Upon which Captain Church passed over so low down, as he thought it not-probable [that] they should meet with his track in their return, and has- tened towards the island, where he left Littleeyes with Lightfoot. Finding a convenient place by the river side for securing his prisoners. Captain Church and Mr. Dillano went down to see what was become of Captain Lightfoot, and the prisoners left in his charge. Lightfoot seeing and knowing them, soon came over with his broken canoe, and informed them, that lish, but it could not be he, because he was taken by the Connecticut volunteers the first week in April, 1676, accord- ing to Hubbard, 158, and it was now July ; Canonicus, who was killed by the Mohawks in June : Mattatoag, of whom we hear nothing : Ninigret, who did not join with the rest in the war ; and Pumham, who was killed in the woods near Dedham, about the last week in July, as before observed, and who it is possible this might be. He must have been a very old man, as I presume he is the same who sold land to Mr. Samuel Gorton about 1643, and became dissatisfied and complained of him to the court. See Savage's Winthrop, II, 130. • The point of land opposite Newbedford where the village of Fairhaven now is. mm» II fflrrr''T'*"^"^'" •'"'"'^"*" '' •'n^"'*'"^'i>' Jj|!Hi|«HiJ«"li«!?'"i lilip and Q,\m- le great cedar :ompany they indance of In- full of Indians settled there ; d men, [who] eft them upon d promised to onticut neck,* iorses for pro- re towards the that way they re about they upper passing passed over so >ie [that] they :urn, and has- left Littleeyes It place by the laptain Church at was become ers left in his m, soon came tned them, that ras taken by the tril, 1676, accord- Canonicus, who tatoag, of whom join with the reflt n the woods near before obmrred, must have been a who sold land to le dissatisfied and v-age's Winthrop, where the Tillage - " ■! PHILIP'S WAR. 105 aiMiftiiiWal&li 'liiiil'MilriH*""" - he had seen that day about one hundred men of the enemy go down into Sconticut neck, and that they were now- returning again. , Upon which they three ran down immediately to a mjadow where Lightfoot said [that] the Indians had passed, where they not only saw their tracks, but alsp them. Whereupon they lay close, until the enemy came into the said meadow, and the foremost set down his load, and halted until all the company came up, and then took up their loads and marched again the same way that they came down into the neck, which was the near- est way unto their camp. Had they gone the other way, along the river, they could not have missed Captain Church's track, which would doubtless have exposed them to the loss of their prisoners, if not of their lives. But as soon as the coast was clear of them, the Captain sends his Lightfoot to fetch his prisoners from the island, while he and Mr. Dillano returned to the company ; sent part of them to conduct Light- foot and his company to the aforesaid meadow, where Captain Church and his company met them.' Cross- ing the enemy's track, they made all haste until they got over Mattapoiset river,* near about four miles beyond the ruins of Cook's house, where he appoint- ed to meet his Indian company, whither he sent Dil- lano with two more to meet them ; ordering them that if the Indians were not arrived to wait for them. Accordingly, finding no Indians there, they waited until late in the night, when .they arrived with their booty. They despatched a post to their Captain, to give him an account of their success, but the day . oke before they came to him. And when they had compared successes, they very remarkably found that the number that each company had taken and * (in Rochester.) Quite a small stream, to the east of which is the village cf (his name, though now usually pronounced Mattapois. See note 3, on page 93, m I l plj l 106 PHILIP'S WAR. slain was equal. The Indians had killed three ol the enemy, and taken sixty-three prisoners, as the Enalish had done before them. . Both the English and Indians were surprised at this remarkable providence, and were both parties rejoicing at it ; being both before afraid of what mijrht have been the unequal success of the parties. But the Indians had the fortune to take more arms than the English. , . . • j They told the Captain, that they had missed a brave opportunity by parting ; [that] they came upon a great town of the enemy, viz., Captain Tyasks * company ; (Tyasks was the next man to Philip) that they fired upon the enemy before they were discover- ed, and ran upon them with a shout ; [and J the men ran and left their wives and children, and many of them their guns. They took Tyasks' wife and son, and thought, that if their Captain and the Lnghsh company had been with them, they might have taken some hundreds of them; and now they determined not to part any rnore. , , /. . That night, Philip sent (as afterwards they found out) a great army to waylay Captain Church at the entering on of Assawomset neck, expecting [that] he would have returned the same way [that] he went in ; but that was never his method to return the same way that he came ; and at this time going another way, he escaped falling into the hands of his enemies. The next day they went home by Scipican,t and got well with their prison ers to Plymouth. • In another place, Annawon is called the next man to Philip, or his chief Captain. Hubbard «pelt m/ »"»« Tiashq, and informs us that he surrendered himself to tile EnKlisn in June : but this could not be the case, as it was now near the end of July, if the Indians knew the company to bi; Tyasks'. Thouft-i nothing is said in the test that we might be positive that Tyasks was there, yet Hubbard says that his " wife and child" were taken first. Nar. 330. t A small river in Rochester. Near its mouth is the little village of Scipican, 4 miles to the eastward of Mattapoiset. ilJMll'illMiilflii led three oi' iners, as- the surprised at both parties iraid of what F the parties. } more arms lad missed a sy came upon ain Tyasks'* j Philip) that 'ere discover- and] the men and many of nrifc and son, 1 the English ht have taken y determined ds they found Ilhurch at the :ting [that] he It] he went in ; 1 the same way another way, f his enemies. ican,f and got he next man to spelt his name I nimseir to the e case, as it was ew the company the text that we it Hubbard says Nar. 330. nouth is the little of Mattapoiset. PHIIIP'S WAR. 107 He soon went out again, and this stroke he drove many weeks. And when he took any number of prisoners, he would pick out somi, that he took a fancy to, and would tell them, [that] he took a par- ticular fancy to them, and had chosen them for him- self to make soldiers of; and if any would behave themselves well, he would do well by them, and they should be his men, and not sold out of the country. If he perceived [that] they looked surly, and his Irt- dian soldiers called them treacherous dogs, as some of them would sometimes do, all the notice he would take of it, would only be to clap them on the back, and tell them, " Come, come, you look wild and surly, and mutter, but that signifies nothing ; these my best soldiers, were, a little while ago, as wild and surly as you are now ; by that time you have been but one day along with me, you will love me too, and be as brisk as any of them." And it proved so; for there was none of them, but (after they had been a little while with him, and seen his behaviour, and how cheerful and successful his men were) would ue as ready to pilot him to any place where the Indians dwelt or haunted, (though their own fathers, or near- est relations should be among them) or to fight for him, as any of his own men. Captain Church was, in two particulars, much ad- vantaged by the great English army* that was now * I cannot learn as this " great army" was in much active service about thif. time. But the Connecticut soldiers were very active. A party under Capt. Denison took prisoner Canoncbet, or Nanunttenoo, as he was last called, "the chief sachem of all the Narragansets," who had comedown from the Nipmuck country to get seed corn to plant the de- serted settlements on Connecticut river. Canoncbet was near Pautucket river with a company of his mrn, and while secure in his tent, and was relating over his exploits against the English, Denison came upon him. He fled with all haste, but as he was crossing the river, a misstep brought his gun under water, and retarded his progre^^s. One Me- nopoide, a Pequot, being swift of foot, iirst came up w*^h him. He made no resibtance, though he wad a man ot great '-•' :' '\ 1 ■ ■■ If f \ 4 1 ■}n. i H 'J I mi i ^ i Mf wi ii n i i m i ' i I I II 108 PHILIP'S WAR. abroad. One was, that they drove the enemy down to that part of the country, viz., to the eastward of Taunton river, by which his business was nearer home. The other was, that when he fell on with a push upon any body of the enemy, (were they never so many) they fled, expecting the great army. And his manner of marching through the woods was such, [that]! if he were discovered, they appeared to be more than they were ; for he always marched at a wide distance one from another, partly for their safety : And this was an Indian custom to march thin and scattered. ,. . t j- Captain Church inquired of some of the Indians that were become his soldiers, how they got such advantage, often, of the English in their marches through the woods'? They told him, that the In- " ^M strength. A young Englishman next came up, and asked him some questions, but he would make no answer. At length, casting a look of neglect on his youthful face, said, in broken English, « You too much child ; no understand mat- ters of war— Let your Captain come ; him I will answer. He would not accept of his life when offered him ; and when told that he was to die, said, "He liked it well; that he should die before his heart was soft, or he had spoken any thing unworthy of himself." He was afterward shot at Sto- ninjrton. And by autumn, this with other volunteer com- panies killed and took 230 of the enemy, and 50 muskets; these exploits were continued until the Narragansets were all driven out of the country, except Ninigret Trumbull, 1, 34S to 345. The regular soldiers under Major 1 alcot inarched into the Nipmuck's country,where atone time they killed and took 52 of the enemy. This was in the beginning of June. On 12' June they came upon about 700 In- dians, who were furiously besieging Hadley, whom they im- mediately dispersed. On their return to the Narraganset country they came upon the main body of the enemy near a large cedar swamp, who mostly fled into it. But being sur- rounded, 171 were killed and taken. Among them was Magnus the old Queen of Narraganset. Near Providence they made prisoners, and killed 67 ; and soon after 60 more on their return to Connecticut. Holmes, I, 431 to 433. See note l,on page 103. ■■ iwiiJiilWiritiiiiiii*i«miililiiii in iHi'WW rtHMW l ii i i' a M»i snemy down eastward of was nearer ;11 on with a 8 they never army. And woods was ley appeared Lys marched rtly for their >m to march f the Indians ley got such leir marches that the In- up, and asked o answer. At il face, said, in idcr^tand mat- [ will answer." lim ; and when ; well ; that he had spoken any rdshot at Sto- volunteer com- nd 50 muskets ; ragansets were et. Trumbull, r Major Talcot it one time they n the beginning about 700 In- whom theyim- lie Narraganset le enemy near a But being sur- nong them was ear Providence in after 60 more 431 to 433. See PHILIP'S WAR. Wf mm* imtMm»t i m t» !> dians gained great advantage of the English by two things ; [theyP always took care in their marches and fights, not to come too thick together; but the English always kept in a heap together ; [so] that it was as easy to hit them, as to hit a house. The other was, that if at any time they discovered a company of English soldiers in the woods, they knew that there were all, for the English never scattered, but the Indians always divided and scattered. Captain Church [being] now at Plymouth, some- thing or other happened that kept him at home a few days, until a post came to Marshfield on the Lord's* day morning, informing the Governour, that a great army of Indians were discovered, who it was supposed were designing to get over the river to- wards Taunton or Bridgewater,f to attack those towns that lay on that side [of] the river. The Go- vernour hastened to Plymouth, raised what men he could by the way, came to Plymouth in the begin- ning of the forenoon exercise, sent for Captain Church out of the meeting house, gave him the news, and desired him immediately to rally what of his company he could, and what men he had raised should join them. The Captain bestirs himself, but found no bread in the store house, and so was forced to run from house to house to get household bread for their march. But this nor any thing else prevented his marching by the beginning of the afternoon exercise. Marching with what menf were ready, he took with him the post that came from Bridgewater to pilot him to the place where he thought he might meet with the enemy. 1 [the Indians] • July 80, 1676. t This word in the text was given uniformly without th« first e. t He had " about 30 Englishmen and 20 reconciled In- dians." Hubbard, Nar. 323. 10 i 110 PHILIP'S WAR. * In the evening they he«.d a ..an finng at a d^ tance from them, but It being ne ^ ^^^^^ ^he firing but of «h«'J/Seerate town. It seems place, and ^^^y^"^^ J';;^^^^^ was. that Philip, [that] the occasion ^^ \^« "'^g that side of the UngthatCaptamChun^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^ he country too hot for » ™' °*r^^^ last from, other /ide of the country that ^e cam ^^ And commg to Taunto"nver J , ^or abridge they felled a great tree across^he^n,^ ^^^ ^^^^^^ to pass over on. Ana jusv ^^^^ iSsSiK^y--^^^^^^ coming over the '*- t^^^^Zrc J moved very early Next niornmg, Captain en ^^^^^ ^^^^ ^j. with his company, wp'^;,'*,,^ ._. him for that expe- Bridgewater, J^at eohBted ^^^^^^^^^ ^^,y ni dition; '^d/yl'^'jJeS tie^^^ Y to the top of the great ire«, ^ ^ ^^ j^. fallen across the river, ^"f the Captom P^^^ ^.^^ ^^ dian sitting on ^^e ;tump °nt on t ^^^ ^^^ the river, and he clapped his gun y, j^^^^^^ less despatched h.m, but that one ot m .^^^^ .^ called hastily to h'-"' "^^ *« ^'"j^'^^hich the Indian was one of their own 7"/ J^PJa Captain Church's upon the stump, »««^f ^^^^^S^ed his mistake, for he iJdian seemg his f«««; PrcEd up his gun and knew h.m to be P»^'»R'e?Xr Philip immediately fired, but \^^^'^J^^' leaped down abank on : — :: :7T7-=..»«iit. hut we hea le other sme ui "'^^ • — ^ ; i none but Quadequinah. action on the 31; but beknown. Hubbard. "sijiBfiiiww^ "1 I tfki mmmms ig at a dis* It, and the missed the , It seems that Philip, side of the jturn to the . last from, is company, , for abridge s old uncle, ifa were pass- ater lads had lilled the old stop to their ed very early d by many of for that expe- ame very still le enemy had [I spied an In- i other side of md had doubt- is own Indians he believed it lich the Indian iptain Church's mistake, for he p his gun and ip immediately iown a bank on his escape.J m on the 31 ; but y, and Sunday was r tbat he might not PHILIP'S WAR. Ill Captain Church, as soon as possible got over the river, and scattered in quest of Philip and his com- pany ; but the enemy scattered and fled every way. [ — J ^ He picked up a considerable many of their women and children, among which were Philip's wife and son ; [the son] ' about nine years old. Discovering a considerable new track along the river, and examining the prisoners, found [that] it was Qunnapin and the Narragansetd, that were drawing off from those parts towards the Narraganset coun- try. He inquired of the prisoners, whether Philip was gone in the same track 9 They told him that they did not know; for he fled in a great fright when the first English gun was fired, and [that] they had none of them seen or heard any thing of him since. Captain Church left part of his company there to secure the prisoners [which] they got, and to pick up what more they could find, and with the rest of his company hastened in the track of the enemy to overtake them, if it might be before they got over the river ; and ran some miles along the river, until he came to a place where the Indians had waded over ; and he with his Company waded over after them, up to the armpits ; being almost as wet before with sweat as the river could make them. Following about a mile further, and not overtaking them, and the Captain being under [a] necessity to return that night to the army, came to a halt ; told his company, [that] he must return to his other men. His Indian soldiers moved for leave to pursue the enemy, (though he returned) ; [they] said [that] the Narra- gansets were great rogues, and [that] they wanted to be revenged on them for killing some of their relations ; named Tockamona, (Awashonks' brother) and some others. Captain Church bade them go and prosper, and made Lightfoot their chief, and gave him the title of Captain. Bid them go and quit themselves like men. And away they scampered like 80 many horses. l[butj S£of] H '11 - —— ^^^S^^R'*^^; ' 113 PHILIP'S WAR. Next morning* early they returned to their Cap- tain, and informed him that they had come up wiUi the enemy, and killed several of them, and broueht him thirteen of them prisoners. [They] were mighty proud of their exploit, and rejoiced much at the op- portunity of avenging themselves.f ' Captam Church sent the prisoners to Bridgewater, and sent out hts scouts to see what enemies or tracks they could [find.] Discovering some small tracks, he followed them, found where the enemy had kindled some fires, and roasted some flesh, &c., but had put out their fires and were gone. . , ^*- The Captain followed them by the track, putting his Indians in the front ; some of which were such as he had newly taken from the enemy, and added to his company. [He] gave them orders to march fioRly, and upon hearing a whistle in the rear, to sit down, till further order ; or, upon discovery of any of the enemy, to stop; for his design was, if he could discover where the enemy were, -not to fall upon Ihem (unless necessitated to it) until next morn- ing. The Indians in the front cam^B^ with many women and children, and others th« were faint and tired, and so not able to keep up with the compaiiy. These gave them an account, that Philip with a great number of the enemy, was a little before. Captain Church's Indians told the others, [that] they were their prisoners, but if they would submit to order, and be still, no one should hurt them. They being their old acquaintance, were easily per- suaded to conform. A little before sunset there was a halt in the front, until the Captain came up. They told him [that] they discovered the enemy. He ordered them to dog them, and watch their mo- tion till it was dark. But Philip soon came to a stop, and fell to breaking and chopping wood, to * August 1st. t Mr, Hubbard takes no notice of this exploit. Lllli>IW l >ll i l l wMMiW il iii i »«Wi»M)M'«'i--t^JW i ^ . x^m»mat »jm m»mmmimm''i^^^ ^ the enemy, they hastened to BriflTewater, sending an express before to provide for them, their company being now very numerous.* The gentlemen of Bridgewater met Captain Church with great expressions of honour and thanks, and re- ceived him and his army with all due respect and kind treatment. Captain Church drove his prisoners ^that night) into Bridgewater pound, and set his Indian soldiers to guard them. They being well treated with victu- als and drink, they had a merry night, and the pri- soners Idughed as loud as the soldiers ; not being so treated Tfor] a long time before. Some of the Indians now said to Captain Church, " Sir, you have now made Philip ready to die, for you have made him as poor and miserable as he used to make the English ; for you have now killed or taken all [of] his relations; that they believed he would now soon have his head, and that this bout had almost broken his heart." The next dayf Captain Church moved, and arriv- ed with all his prisoners safe at Plymouth. The great English-army was now at Taunton, and Major Talcot,! with the Connecticut forces, being in these parts of the country, did considerable spoil upon the enemy. * Church bad l>at about 30 Englishmen and 2C reconciled Indians, says Hubbard, 323, as before noted ; and that he took about 153 prisoners. It is probable that he is a little oat of the way in the former, as well as the latter part of the statement. t August 14. X Major John Talcot. \i n to be regretted that we have no account of this military chieftain in a biographical work. There are many of this class, which, should they receive a small part of the attention be^stowed on some obscure charac- ters, would add much to the value of such works. I have little information of Major Talcot, except what is contain- ed in the valuable History of Connecticut. In note 1, on page 107, a few of his exploits are sketched ; but about this time he was as butty as Church, and performed very signal 1 ^■\ 118 PHILIP'S WAR. • Now Captain Church being arrived at Plymouth, received thanks from the government for "is good service, &c. Many of hia soldiers were disbanded, and he thought to rest himself awhile; being much fatigued, and his health impaired, by excessive heats and colds, wading through rivers, &c. But it was not lone before he was called upon to rally, upon advice that some of the enemy were discovered in Dartmouth woods. He took his Indians, and as many English volun- teers as presented to go with him; scattering into small parcels, Mr. Jabez Rowland (who was now, and often, his Lieutenant, and a worthy good soldier) had the fortune to discover and imprison a parcel of the enemy. In the evening they met together at an appointed place, and by examining the prisoners they gained intelligence of Totoson's haunt.* And being brisk in the morning, they soon gained an ad- vantage of Totos on's company ,t though he himselt, serviceo. After he had recruited his men at home a short hme. he received intelligence that a large body of Indians wTre fleeing to the westward. Major tJ«^o tp^.^'^^J'S'"" near the close of the third day, between Westfield and Alba- ny on the west side of Housatonick river. On the following Jorning he divided his men into two parties ; one was to Tossthl river and come upon their front, at tie »me time the other fell upon their rear. This well concerted plw came near being ruined ; as the first party were crossing the ri"r they were discovered by one of the enemy who was ^t, fishing. He hallooed, "Awannux! Aw^7«»'" »"f wa^ immediately shot down. This surprised the enemy, and the gun was taken for the signal to begin the onset by the other party, who discharged upon them as the v were rising from sleep. All that were not killed or wounded fled ["to the woods which were very thick, ""dtlie pursuit was «iven up. Fortyfive of the enemy were killed and taken, f mong tL former was the sachem of Quabaog. The army now returned. The Major had at first SSfi men beside friendly Indians. • See note on page 115. t, , t Hubbard, Nar, 232, says that about Bfty were taken at thiJi time, ^ ed at Plymouth, int for his good were disbanded, ile ; being much y excessive heats ic. But it was in to rally, upon re discovered in y English volun- ; scattering into 1 (who was now, thy good soldier) iprison a parcel f met together at ling the prisoners n's haunt.* And ton gained an ad- lough he himself, icn at home a short ree body of Indians ^aicot overtook them Westfield and Albt- '. On the following parties : one was to nt, at the same time well concerted pla» rty were crossing the the enemy who was x! Awannux!" and irprised the enemy, ) begin the onset by them as thev were illed or wounded fled and the pursuit was ire killed and taken, iuabaog. The army &rst 350 men beside »ut fifty were ttken at ■ - ; i;«:3! g PHILIP'S WAR. fft with his son about eight years old, made their escape, and one old squaw with them, to Agawom,* his own country. But Sam Barrow, f as noted a rogue as any among the enemy, fell into the hands of the Eng- lish at this time. Captain Church told him, that because of his inhuman murders and barbarities, the Court had allowed him no quarter, but was to be forthwith put to death ; and therefore he was to pre- pare for it. Barrow replied, that the sentence of death against him was just, and that indeed he was ashamed to live any longer, and desired no more favour, than to smoke a whiff of tobacco before his execution. When he had taken a few whiffs, he said, he was ready ; upon which one of Captain Church's Indians sunk his hatchet into his brains. The famous Totoson arriving at Agawom,| li« son,^ which was the last that was left of the famil/, (Captain Church having destroyed all the rest) fill sick. The wretch reflecting upon the miserable con- dition he had brought himself into, his heart became a stone within him, and [he] died. The old squaw flung a few leaves and brusn over him, came into Sandwich, and gave this account of his death ; and offered to show them where she left his body ; but never had the opportunity, for she immediately fell sick and died also. * lb Rochester. 1 1 find nothing more recorded of Barrow, than what ia here given. It appears that he had been a noted villain, and perhaps his sentence was just. But he was an old man, and would have died soon enough without murdering. No doubt he made great efforts to redeem his sinking country, an ac- count of which cannot be had at thia day, which with many others we have greatly to lament the loss of, with the genera- tions to come. } (Several places were called Agawom : [or Agawam] as at Ipswich and Springfield ; this Agawom lies in Wareham.) It is probable that Totoson had other places of resort ■■ well as III Roche-Bter, but that described in note on iwn 115, is supposed to be the principal. § Totoson, son of Sam Barrow, is meant. Irl i 120 PHILIP'S WAR., Captain Church being now at Plymouth again, weary and worn, would have gone home to his wife and family, but the government being solicitous to engage him in the service until Philip was slam; and promising him satisfaction and redress for some mis- treatment that he had met with, he fixes for another expedition. i He had soon volunteers enough to make up the company he desired, and marched through the woods, until he came to Pocasset. And not seeing or hearing of any of the enemy, they went over the ferry to Rhodeisland, to refresh themselves. The Captain with about half a dozen in his company, took horses and rode about eight miles down the island, to Mr. Sanford's, where he had left his wife.* rShe]^ no sooner saw him, but fainted with surprise; and by that time she was a little revived, they spied two horsemen coming a great pace. Captain Church told his company, that " Those men (by their ndmg) come with tidings." When they came up, they prov- ed to be Major Sanford,+ and Captain Golding. [They]" immediately asked Captain Church, what he would give to hear some news of Philip"? He re- plied, that [that] was what he wanted. They told him, [that] they had rode hard with some hopes of overtJiking him, and were now come on purpose to inform him, that there were just now tidings from Mounthope. An Indian came down from thence (where Philip's camp now was) [— ]' to Sandy point, over against Trip's, and hallooed, and made signs to 1 [who] a [who] 3 [on] • This was on the 11 August. t The same, very probably, who arrested Sir Edmund Andros at R. I. in 1689, AnJros was then a prisoner at the castle in Boston harbour, when his servant, by the Msistance of Bacchus, caused the sentinel to let him stand in his stead, and Sir Edmund escaped. Hutchinson, I, 849. The name IB not uniformly spelt. In the text of Hutchinson the first d is omitted, as in our text page 102, but in h» Index two de$ are used. < MMia outh again, i to his wife solicitous to 13 slain; and )r some mis- I for another make up the through the 1 not seeing ent over the wives. The is company, >s down the eft his wife.* trith surprise; 1, they spied ptain Church their riding) p, they prov- ftin Golding. /hurch, what ulip"? He re- . They told »me hopes of )n purpose to tidings from from thence Sandy point, made signs to 'on] td Sir Edmund i. prisoner at the ly the assistance iod in his stead, 149. The name ihinaon the firfct n his Index two PHILIP'S WAR. I2T be fetched over. And being fetched over, he report* ed, that he was fled from Philip, " who (said he) tms killed my brother just before I came away, for giv- ing some advice that displeased him."* And said, tthat] he was fled for fear of meeting with the same lis brother had mot with. Told them also, that Philip was now in Mounthope neck. Captain Church thanked them for their good news, and said, [that] he hoped by to-morrow morning to have the rogue's head. The horses that he and his company came on, standiiig at the door, (for they had not been un- saddled) his wife must content herself with a short visit, when such game was ahead. They inunediate- ly mounted, set spurs to their horses, and away. The two gentlemen that brought him the tidings, told him, [that] they would gladly wait upon him to see the event of the expedition. He thanked them, and told them, [that] he should be as fond of their company as any men's ; and (in short) they went with him. And they were soon at Trip's ferry, (with Captain Church's company^ where the deserter was. tHe]' was a fellow of good sense, and told his story andsomely. -He offered Captain Church, to pilot him to Philip, and to help to kill him, that he might revenge his brother's death. Told him, that Philip was now upon a little spot of upland, that was in the south end of the miry swamp, just at the foot of the mount, which was a spot of ground that Captain Church was well acquainted with. By that time they were over the ferry, and came near the ground.half the night was spent. The Cap- tain commands a halt, and bringing the company to- gether, he asked Major Sanford's and Captain Geld- ing's advice, what method [it] was best to take in making the onset; but they declined giving him any i[wbo] * Mr. Hubbard says that it was for advising him to make peace with the English. 11 mnvM% wiinmnffiuw.* ' " ' 122 PHILIP'S WAR. advice ; telling him, that his great experience and success forbid their taking upon them to give advice. Then Captain Church offered Captain Golding [-—J the honour (if he would please accept of it) to beat up Philip's headquarters. He accepted the offer and had his allotted number drawn out to him, and the pilot. Captain Church's instructions to him were, to be very careful in his approach to the ene- my, and be sure not to show himself, until by day- light they might see and discern their own men from the enemy ; told him also, that his custom m like cases, was, to creep with his company, on their bel- lies, until they came as near as they could ; and that as soon as the enemy discovered them, they would cry out, and that was the word for his men to fire and fall on. [He] directed him, [that] when the enemy should start and take into the swamp, [that] thev should pursue with speed ; every man shouting and making what noise [he]^ could; for he would give orders to his ambuscade to fire on any that should come silently. ^ Captain Church knowing that it was Philip a cus- tom to be foremost in the flight, went down to the swamp, and gave Captain Williams of Scituate Uie command of the right wing of the ambush, and pla- ced an Englishman and an Indian together behind such shelters of trees, &c., [as]" he could find, and took care to place them at such distance, that none might pass undiscovered between them ; charged 4hem to be careful of themselves, and of hu ting their friends, and to fire at any that should come si- lently through the swamp. But [it] being somewhat farther through the swamp than he was aware of, he wanted men to make up his ambuscade. Having placed what men he had, he took Major Sanford by the hand, [and] said, "Sir I have so pla- ced them that it is scarce possible Philip should escape them." The same moment a shot whistled 1 [that he should h»ve] « [they] 3 [that] SKSWWK'W?**."' i 1 PHILIP'S WAR. ISS irience and zive advice. ►Iding [-]» f it) to beat d the offer to him, and )ns to him to the ene- atil by day- rn men from stom in like >n their bel- Id ; and that they would ) men to fire t] when the vamp, [that} lan shouting or he would on any that Philip's cus- down to the Scituate the ush, and pla- }ther behind luld find, and ce, that none !m ; charged id of hu tmg auld come si- ing somewhat I aware of, he k le took Major I have so pla- Philip should shot whistled 3 [that] over their heads, and then the noise of a gun towards Philip's camp. Captain Church, at first, thought Kiat] it might be some gun fired by accident ; but fore he could speak, a whole volley followed, which was earlier than he expected. One of Philip's gang going forth to ease himself, when he had done, look- ed round him, and Captain Golding thought [that] the Indian looked right at him, (though probably it was but his conceit) so fired at him ; and upon his firing, the whole company that were with him fired upon the enemy's shelter, before the Indians had time to rise from their sleep, and so over shot them. But their shelter was open on that side next the swamp, built so on purpose for the convenience of flight on occasion. They were soon in the swamp, and Philip the foremost, who starting at the first gun, threw his petunk and powderhom over his head, catched up his gun, and ran as fast as he could scamper, without any more clothes than his small breeches and stockings ; and ran directly on two of Captain Church's ambush. They let him come fair within shot, and the Englishman's gun missing fire, he bid the Indian fire away, and he did so to [the] purpose ; sent one musket bullet through his heart, and another not above two inches from it. He fell upon his face in the mud and water, with his gun undnr him.* * Thus fell the celebrated King Philip, the implacable enemy of civilization. Never, perhapi, did the fall of any prince or warrioar aflTord to much space for solid reflection. Had the resources of this hero been equal to those of hu ene- mies, what would have been their fate I This exterminating war had not been known to millions! How vast the con- trast ! when this country is viewed in its present jMpulous and flourishing state, extendiag over thousands of miles, and the sound of civilization emanating from every part ; and when presented to the imagination in the days of Philip ; with only here and there a soutary dwellilig, surrounded with an endless wilderness. Before the fall of Philip, the Indians for some time had heen loosing grouad, and were considered a* nearly subdued, ^n i i iii niiw r 124 PHILIP'S WAR, By this time the enemy perceived [that}, they were waylaid on the east side of the swamp, [and] tacked short about. One of the enemy, who seemed to be a great, surly old fellow ; hallooed with a loud voice, and often called out, "lootash, lootash"* Captain Church called to his Indian, Peter, and asked him, who that was that called so t He answered, that it was old Annawon,t Philip's great Captain ; calling but this event clearly decided their fate ; doubts were no longer entertained of their appearing formidable. To this memorable and important event, we are able to fix the date, with that certainty, which adds lustre to the pages of histo- ry. Other historians agree that it was on the 12 August, and this history clearly indicates that it was on the morning of a certain day, which, therefore, falls on Saturday morninx, la August, 1676. Mr. Hubbard, Nar. 226, says, « With Philip at this time fell five of his trustiest followers." To know their names would be a relief. • This is evidently a word of three syllables, and is very easy to pronounce. It should be thus divided, I-oo-tath ; giving the second syllable the same sound that oo has in moose, mood, 8ic. Why Dr. Morse should alter this word to Tootash, I cannot account. It is certainly an unwarrantable deviation and should not be countenanced. See Annals of the Ameri- can Revolution, 58, and the edition of 1830 of his Hist. N. England. t This word also, the author of the Annals of the Ameri- can Revolution has thought proper to alter to Anawon ; this, however, is less important than that mentioned in the last note, but should not be warranted. Some contend that its termination should be written wan, as being more agreeable to analogy. I cannot think that it is ; because the author, without douht, intended by the termination.won, to convey the sound of wun, and not that heard in noon. What is preserved of this warriour is found in this history. His principal camp was in Squannaconk swamp, in Reho- both, where he was taken by Church, as will presently be seen. In a preceding page, Tyasks was called tne next man to Philip ; but, that Annawon ttood in that place, is evident from his being possessed of that chief's royalties atter he was killed. Mr. Hubbard says that a son of Philip's chief Captain was killed when Philip was. But as it is not possible for me to ascertain with certainty who he means by Philip's chief CAptain, we cannot tell whether he were a son of Annawon or not ; but it appears quit* probable to me that he was. t}. they were and] tacked iemed to be I loud voice, '• Captain asked htm, ered, that it ain; calling ubts were no ible. To this fix the date, ages of histo- le 12 August, t the morning rday morning, says, "With llowers." To nd is very easy «A; giving the moose, mood, t to Tootash, I able deviation of the Ameri- if his Hist. N. of the Ameri- Inawon ; this, ed in the last ontend that its nore agreeable se the author, toon, to convey in this history, amp, in Reho- II presently be 1 tne next man lace, is evident ies alter he was s chief Captain possible for me r Philip's chief >n of Annawon lat he was. T mmwmtlKii m 't%- '-*W- « * -**' W ) ; ■-m"' :■» *, llD ll wf ffl ll ll jlflllM | 1 i ^ i l!>BiH ti 'W| i «f '» f - ^ ^ PHILIP'S WAR. 125 on his soldiers to stand to it, and fight stoutly. Now the enemy finding that place of the swamp which was not ambushed, many of them made their escape in the English tracks. The man that had shot down Phdip, ran with all speed to Captain Church, and informed him of his exploit, who commanded him to be silent about it and let no man more know it, until they had driven the swamp clean. Bat when they had driven the swamp through, and found [that] the enemy had escaped, or at least, the most of them, and the sun now up, and so the dew gone, that they could not easily track them, the whole company met together at the place where the enemy's night shelter was, and then Captain Church gave them the, news of Philip's death. Upon which the whole army gave three loud huzzas. Captain Church ordered his body to be pulled out of the mire to the upland. So some of Captain Church's Indians took hold of him by his stockings, and some by his small breeches: (being otherwise naked) and drew him through the mud to the up- land; and a dolefiil, great, naked, dirty beast he looked like.* Captain Church then said, that foras- much as he had caused mahy an Englishman's body to be unburied, and to rot above ground, tM not one of his bones should be buried. And tftUing his old Indian executioner, bid him behead and quarter him. Accordingly he came with his hatchet and stood over him, but before he struck he made a small speech directing it to Philip, [which was; thag* "he had been a very great man, and had madepmany a man afraid of him, but so big as he was, he would now 1 [and said] . • How natural u the propensity of man, to exnlt in the fall of his enemy! Howerer great or brave, if the great disposer ofevents renders him unprofitably so, no allowance is made in the dav of victory, though the honour of the conqueror u aeasured by that of his loe. ^ . 11* ■• •' ■ I V i iiiiWfT^rt i t iM tt mMMih i M i i i ni inn .^x PWW? ■^ Il l' l fll 126 PHILIP'S WAR. chop his arse for him."* And so he went to work and did as he was ordered.f Philip having one very remarkable hand, being much scarred, occasioned by the splitting of a pis- tol in it formerly, Captain Church gave the head and that hand to Alderman,t the Indian who shot him, to show to such geutlemen as would bestow gra- tuities upon him ; and accordingly he got many a penny by it. , , r> This being on the last day of the week, the Cap- tain with his company, returned to the island, [and] tarried there until Tuesday ;<^ and then went off and ranged through all the woods to Plymouth, and re- ceived their premium, which was thirty shillings per head, for the enemies which they had killed or taken, instead of all wages; and Philip's head wenl at the same price. Methinks it is scanty reward, and poor encouragement ; though it was better than [it]* hud 1 [what] • Dr. Morse in copying from this history, quotes the aboTe speech thus: "You have been one very great man. lou have made many a man afraid of jou. But so big as you be, I wiU chop you in pieces." By his hberties with authors, we might take him for the Cotton Ma\^<^r of the age. How- ever, we are willing to excuse him i». thic instance, on the score of chastity. t Being quartered he was hanged up, and his head carried in triumph to Plymouth. Magnalia, 11,498,499. "That very night [previous to his death] Philip had been dreaming that he was fallen into the hands of the English ; and now just as he was telling his dream, with advice unto his friends to fly for their lives, lest the knave who had newly gone from them should show the English how to come at them. Captain Church, with his company , fell in upon them." Ibid. Per- haps this story deserves as much credit as that on page &0, note 1. Mr. Hubbard, no doubt heard this part of the story, but perhaps not having as much faith in dreams as the au- thor of the Magnalia, thought proper to omit it. t This was the sauie Indian, whose brother was killed, and who informed the English where to find Philip. Trum- bull, Hist. Con. I, 349. § August 15. ;«>>»»,,] jf i i %• atHikmUk''' ■■■ ... 1 1 I H l .li | ||||T I J|l j j |i !nt to work land, being ing of a pis- e the head in who shot bestow gra- got many a sk, the Cap- sland, [and] went off and >uth, and re- shiiling'i per led or taken, wenl at ihe rd, and poor dan [it]* hud lotes the above at man. You I big as you be, ith authors, we le age. How- istance, on the is head carried , 499. " That been dreamiug lish ; and now into his friends ewly gone from them, Captain " Ibid. Per- lat on page SO, irt of the story, earns as the au- it. her was killed, Philip. Trum- iiM '! l ! iWit'l«l ! lfeffliKW'' PHILIP'S WAR. 127 been some time before. For this march they receiv- ed/our ahUlinga and sixpence a man, which was all the reward they had, except the honour of killing Philip. This was in the latter end* of August, 1676. Captain Church had been but a little white at Ply- mouth, before a post from Rehoboth came to inform the Govemour, that old Annawon, Philip's chief Cap- tain, was with his company ranging about their woods, and was very offensive and pernicious to Re- hoboth and Swanzey. Captain Church was imme- diately sent for again, and treated with to engage in one expedition more. He told them, [that] their en- couragement was so poor, he feared fthatt his sol- diers would be dull about going agam. But being a hearty friend to the cause, he rallies again, goes to Mr. Jabez Howland, his old Lieutenant, and some of his soldiers that used to go out with him ; told them how the case was circumstanced, and that he had intelligence of old Annawon's walk and haunt, and wanted hands to hunt him. They did not want much entreating, but told him, [that] they would go with him as Jong as there was an Indian left in ute woods. He moved and ranged through the woods to Pocasset. It being the latter end of the week, he proposed to go on to Rhodeisland, and rest until Monday ; but on the Lord's day moming,f there came a post to inform the Captain, that early the same mormng, a canoe with several Indians in it, passed from Pru- dence island]; to Poppasquash^ neck. Captain Church thought if he could possibly surprise them, * The reason of this anachronism is explained in note 1 , on page 94. t August 30. X A long and crooked Island on the west side of Rhode- island, extending; from near the centre of Rhodeisland to Warwick neck, in length about 6 miles. § (On the west side of Bristol.) And separated from it by Bristol ba) . . *'•"■- •■•'■ trniftiiliflliltftMiSKiSi l l T rti fcrBii gMii I 128 PHILIP'S WAR. [that] he might probably gain some intelligence of more game ; therefore he made all possible speed after them. The ferry boat being out of the way, he made use of canoes. But by that time they had made two freights, and had got over about fifteen oi sixteen of his Indians, the wmd sprung up with such violence that canoes could no more pass.* The Captain seeing it was impossible for any more of his soldiers to come to him, he told his Indians, [that] if they were willing to go with him, he would go to Poppasquash, and see if they could catch some of the enemy Indians. Thev were willing to ko, but were sorry [that] they had no English soldiers.f So they marched through the thickets that they might not be discovered, until they came unto the salt meadow, to the northward of Bristol town, that now ia, [when]» they heard a gun; the Captain looked about, not knowing but it might be some of iiis own company in the rear. So halting till they all came up, he found [that] it was none of his own company that fired. Now, though he had but a few men, [he] was minded to send some of them out on a scout. He moved it to Captain Lightfoot to go with three fothers] » on a scout ; he said [that] he was willing, provided the Captain's man, Nathaniel (which was an Indian they had lately taken) might be one of them, because he was well acquainted with the 1 [then] '[more] • This event was but & few dijrs more than one hundred {ears before the oelsbrated passage of Washington over the Delaware to aUack the Hessians at Trenton, which has been so beautiftinydesciibed by Barlow. See his Columbiad, B. vi. line 91 to 214, Perhaps this expedition of the heroicK Church, in the tmiJl days of Newengland was of as much eonseqaenee as gw ater ones were a century after. It is not impossible, hot tlwt another Barlow may arise and sing over the events of these days of yore. A vast theme for a poet ! t They had one or more Englishmen in the company as will appear presently. ■"MUg ' SI ' - ' igMjiiMBttiwi lliffence of iible speed >f the way, 16 they had It fifteen ot ) with such »aa8.* The more of hia lians, [that] would go to ch some of to Ko, but h soldiers, f B that they lie unto the I town, that the Captain be some of ; till they all of his own a, [he] was scout. He with three was willing, (which wi It be one id with the tone hundred ncton over the rhich hu been Columbiad, B. if the heroick as of IS much Iter. It is not I and sing over efor apMt! le eompuiy as PHILIP'S WAR. 129 ; neck, and coming lately from among them, knew how to call them. The Captain bid aim choose his three companions, and go ; and if they came across any of the enemy, not to kill them if they could possibly take them alive, that they might gain intelligence concerning Annawon. The Captain with the rest of his com- pany moved but a little way further toward Poppa- squash, before they heard another gun, which seem- ed to be the same way with the other, but further off; but they made no halt until they came unto the nar- row of Poppasquash neck; where Captain Church left throe men more to watch, j^and see] if any should come out of the neck, and to mform the scout, when they returned, which way he was gone. He parted the remainder of his company, half on one side of the neck, and the other with himself went on the other side, [ — ] * until they met ; and meeting neither with Indians nor canoes, returned big with ex- pectations of tidings by their scout. But when tliey came back to the three men at the narrow of the neck, they told their Captain [that] the scout, [had]" not returned, land] had heard nor seen any thing of them. This filled them with thoughts of what should become of them. By that time they had sat and wt:^ied an hour longer, it was very dark, and they despaired of their returning to them. Some of the Indians told their Captain, [that] they feared his new man, Nathaniel, had met with his old Mounthope friends, and [ — ]* turned rogue. They concluded to make no fires that night, (and indeed they had no great need of any) for they had no victuals to cook, [ — ] * not so much as a morsel of bread with them. They took up their lodgings scattering, that if pos- sibly their tcout should come in the night, and whis- tle, (which was their sign) some or other of them might hear them. They had a very solitary, hun- 1 [of the neck] 9 [was] 3 [was] « [had] rr Oi Mra . V- ^^ 130 PHILIP'S WAR. cry night; and as soon as tlie day broke,* they drew off througli the brush to a hill without the neck. And looking about them they espied one Indian man come running somewhat towards them. The Ca|^ tain ordered one man to step out and show himself. / Upon this the Indian ran right to him, and wiio should it be but Captain Lightfoot, to their great ioy. Captain Church asked him what news'? He inswered, "Good news;" [that] they were all well, and had catched ten Indians; and that they guarded them all night in one of the flankers of the Sid English garrison ;t that their prisoners were part of Annawon's company, and that they had elt their families in a swamp above Mattapoiset neck.J And as they were marching towards the old garrison, Lightfoot gave Captain Church a particular account of their exploit, viz.; that presently after they lelt him, they heard another gun, which seemed toward the Indian burying place ; and moving that way, they discovered two of the enemy flaying of a horse. The scout clapping into Uie brush, Nathanie bid them sit down, and he would presently call all the Indians thereabout unto him. They hid, and he went a little distance back from them, and set up his note and howled like a wolf. One of the two im- mediately left his horse, and came running to see who was there; but Nathaniel howling lower and lower, drew him in between those that lay in wait for him, who seized him. Nathaniel continuing the vame note, the other left the horse also, following his inate, and met with the same. When they caught these two, they ex amined them apart and tound them • Monday AugMst 28. t This was the fort that was built in June, 1675, which Church 90 much disapproved of. . See page 35. ^ w« Pro- bably of more service now than it had ever been before, if we judge from any account since given. tCInSwanaey. There is another Mattapoiset in Roch- eiter.) " '^SfffiiVP'S^'-' PHILIP'S WAR. ISl B,* they drew ut the neck. e Indian man . The Cap- show himself, lim, and who their great 1 news'? He ley were all ind that they lankers of the isoners were they had left ipoiset neck.| ; old garrison, cular account ifter they left eemed toward ng that way, ng of a horse. Nathaniel bid ly call all the hid, and he and set up his )f the two ini- unning to see ng lower and at lay in wait continuing the 9, following his n they caught nd found them me, 1675, which 1 35. It was pro- rbeen before, if apoiset in Roch- to agree in their story ; that there were eight more of them [who came]' down into the nedi to get provisions, and had agreed to meet at the burying place that evening. These two being some of Na- thaniel's old acquaintance, he had great influence upon them, and with his enticing story, (telling what a brave captain he had, how bravely he lived since he had been with him, and how much they might better their condition by turning to him, &.c.,) per- suaded and engaged them to be on his side, which, indeed, now began to be the better side of the hedge. They waited but a little while before they espied the rest of theirs coming up to the burying place, and Nathaniel soon howled them in, as he. had done their mates before. When Captain Church came to the garrison, he met his Lieutenant,* and the rest of his company. And then making up good fires they fell to roasting their borse beef, enough to last them a whole day, but had not a morsel of bread, though salt they had, (which they always carried in their pockets, [and] which at this time was very acceptable to them.) Their next -motion was towards the place where the prisoners told them [that] they had left their women and children, ana surprised them all ; aiid some others that [had]' newly come to them. And upon examination they held to one story, that it was hard to tell where to find Annawon, for he never roosted twice nn a place. Now a certain Indian soldier, that Captain Church had gained over to be on his side, prayed that he might have liberty to go and fetch in his father, who, he said, was about four miles from that place, in a swamp, with no other than a young squaw. Captain Church inclined to go with him, thinking [that] it might be in his way to gain some intelligence of Annawon ; and so ttuiing one Englishman and a few I [come] » [were] * Mr. Jabez Howland. '^- m PHILIP'S WAR. I! Indians with him, leaving the rest there, he went with his new soldier to look ^after] his father. When he came to the swamp, he bid the Indian BO [and]> see if he could find his father. Hb was no sooner gone, but Captain Church discovered a track coming down out of the woods ; upon which he and his little company lay close, some on one side of the track, and some on the other. They heard the Indian soldier making a howling for his father, and at length somebody answered him ; but while they were ILlening, they thought [that] they heard somebody coming towards them; presently [they] saw an old man coming up with a gun on his shpulder, and a young woman following in the track which they lay by. They let them come up between them, and then started up and laid hold of them both. Captain Church immediately examined them apart, telling them what they must trust to, if they told false stories. He asked the young woman, what company they came from last9 She said, " From Captain Annawon's." He asked her how "wny were in company with him when she left hira 1 She said, " Fifty or sixty." He asked her how many miles it was to tlie place where she left him "? She said, [that] she did not understand miles, but he was up in Squannaconk swamp.* „„,.,•, The old man, who had been one of Philip s coun- cil, upon examination, gave exactly the same ac- count. Captain Church asked him if they could get there tKat night ^ He said, [that] if they went pre- aenUy, and travelled stoutly, they might get there by sunset. He asked whither he was going 7 He answered, that Annawon had sent him down to look ffor] some Indians, that were gone down into Mount- hope neck to kill provisions. Captain Church let him know that those Indians were all his prisoners. »[to] ° [bttt) • (Southeasterly part of Rehoboth) ;, he went iher. the Indian ■• He was iscovered a ipon which me on one her. They ing for his id him ; but [that] they . ; presently I gun on his in the track up between )ld of them imined them It to, if they voman, what laid, " From IV many were i"? She said, jany miles it e said, [that] ! was up in •hilip's coun- he same ac- ley could get ey went pre- rht get there I going*? He down to look 1 intoMount- n Church let lis prisoners. PHILIP'S WAR. t 1 133 Bv this tiqie came the Indian soldier and brought his father and one Indian more. The Captain was now in a great strait of mind what to do next ; he had a mind to give Annawon a visit, now he knew where to find him. But his company was very small, [only]' half a dozen men beside himself, and was under a necessity to send some body back to acquaint his Lieutenant and company with his proceedings. However, he asked his small company that were with him, whether they would willingly go with him and give Annawon a visit 1 They told him, [that] they were always ready to obey his commands, &c. ; but withal told him, that they knew this Capitain Anna- won was a great soldier ; that he had been a valiant Captain under Asuhmequin,* Philip's father; and > [but] * Morton, 122, calls him Woosamequen. This was the last name by which the "good old MasBassoit" was known. This name he took about the time or the Pequot war as was mentioned in note 1, on pace 17. Allen in his Biosraphical Dictionary, has given a short sketch of him, which is very deficient. Not even informing us that he was ever known by an}r other name than Massassoit. This celebrated chief en- tered into a league of friendship with the Plymouth Pilgrims, the next spring after their arrival, which was kept until his death. Some of the other tribes insultingly told him, that through his cowardice he had treated with the English. However this might be, he is said always to have advised his sons against engaging in a war with them, for he believed that in time the Indians would be annihilated. He was re- markable for his aversioato the English religion. Hutchin- son, I, 252, says that " when he was treating for the sale of some of his lands at Swanzey, insisted upon it as a condition, that the English should never attempt to draw off any of his people from their relision to Christianity, and would not re- cede uniil he found the treaty would break off if he ursed it any further." He was personally several times at Ply- motttli. On his first arrival there, in March, 1620-31, ne made his appearance on the hill, the south side of Town brook, with several of his principal men with him. Here he made • stop and Mr. Edward Winslow was sent to him with a pre- sent, and the Oovernour's (Carver) compliments that he dfr> •ired to see him, and treat with him. He left Mr. WiaaUw 18 134 PHILIP'S WAR. that he had been Philip's chieftain all this war. A ver^ I £«r i ^rSn rug WM spread over the floor, and three or 1 house. A green rug «» v Governour then came, pre- four cushions laid upon it. The ^"''^"^"JJ^f which t*hcy ceded by » «»'«" »?^.tVrt K« s^^^^^^ »hc M Z^e"menUo:edle%^uStrett%asentereduponandcon. ^'tt^rTh-atn^^^^^^^^^^ ^£l^X or do hurt to any of »»'"'•,?«??•%- Xuld send the ofrender did any hurt to any of theirs, he ^""'""pr " j, thin, that thV might punish him. ^rUlL -^^^^^^^ were taken away from any of theirs, ne snouiu^ restored ; and they should do the like to his. M^t^ i v ^ * if anv did unjustly waraeainrt him, they wouia aiamin , J:£n Lo'rdTkint Jaml. ^Sd'esteem him as L friend and *"^wo year, after (in ^^) ^f^tl^^tl^J^^ Winslow went to visit »»7/.*!!JL"„rtions to restore him with men who were uang ff^J^S^l„l come to see to health. Being >»fo™«4^f J.^ r^fwM very sick and ;Sw*IVCti^'trt h^'A^ins^BliJ^ioK^^^ him^methin. tfiat »>« i?f,fX bet^" »"5^^^ •wallow, and 1* lumediatdygrew^b^^^^ recovered. \n 1689, this Indian lung ^■" » ' ^s named Mooanam or Wamsutta. hi. «m, then oj «^"«»«^ "^^^ Akxander, and renewed the f"™'' •*Xbbard, 59, it ap- time of his death w unknown. But "^^P^nAxn Ilutch- mn that it was about 1656. Morton, 96, and l^-*- ""^^^ jSS. I. 252, 96S. Belknap. Amer. Biog. I, 218, 3»4. 1 < 3 c ( r s 8 ll t C li ti di H war. Avery i often said, the English. enty of his 8ol- I Standish met him to a new r, and three or len came, pre- of which they ;roductioii> the [ upon and con- ), should injure iatifanyofhis id the offender t if any thing Id cause it to be Art. IV. That rould aid him; I them. Art.Y. irates, to inform n, but might be eace. Art. YI. occasion, th«T iws and arrows) ing, their sove- 8 his friend and II sick, and Mr. ! house crowded M to restore him rere come to see as very sick and low went to him 1, «« Keen Wins- ng informed that leftiomm Wmt- thee again!" He r. Winsbn f ave bhe watabTeto tnd soon entirely it Plymonth with lerwards named le. The precise ibbard, 59, it ap- ind 123. Hotch- iog. I, 213, 294. PHIiaP'S WAR. 195 And moreover they knew that the men that were with him were resolute fellows, some of Philip's chief soldiers ; and therefore, feared whether it was practicable to make an attempt upon him wifli so small a handful of assailants as were now with him. Told him further, that it would be a pity, [ — Y after all the great things he had done, [that] he should throw away his life at last. Upon which he replied, that he doubted not Annawon was a subtle and val- iant man ; that he had a long time, but in vain, sought for him, and never till now could find his quarters, and he was very loath to miss of the opportunity ; and doubted not, [ — ]" that if they would cheerfully go with him, the same Almighty Providence that had hitlierto protected and befriended them, would do so still, &c. Upon this with one consent they said, [that] they would go. Captain Church then turned to one Cook of Plymouth, (the only Englishman then with him^ and asked him, what he thought of it? [He]^ replt- ed, " Sir, I am never afraid of going any where when you are with me." Then Captain Church asked the old Indian, if he could carry his horse with him ? (For he conveyed a horse thus far with him.) He replied that it was impossible for a horse to pass the swamps. Therefore, he sent away his new Indian soldier with his father, and the Captain's horse, to his Lieutenant, and orders for him to move to Taun- ton with the prisoners, to secure them there, and to come out in the morning in the Rehoboth road, in which he might expect to meet him, if he were alive Old had success. The Captain then asked the old fellow if he would pilot him [to]^ Annawon? He answered, that hehav- i[that] «[but] a [who] « [u nto] Holmes, I, 306. Prince, 185, &.f . Whether he had more than two sons ia uncertain ; hut it seams by a letter to Lon- don, written daring this war, that there was another. See HatcbiiMon, I, S66. W^k i i mmj pii jinL > fiP B. full stop and sat down ; the company commg up, also sat do» .:, being all weary. Captam Church asked " What newsr tte answered, that about that time in the evening. Captain Annawon sent out his scouts to see if the coast were clear, and *« «>«"«« '\.b«- gan to grow dark, the scouts returned ; and then fsaid he)«wemay move agam securely. When it beian to crow dark, the old man stood up again, faSlCaptS Church asked him if he would take a gun Ind fight for him^ He bowed very low, and prayed him not to impose such a thing upon him, as [o fight against Captain Annawon his old fnend^ But says hi, « I will go along with you, and be heip^ ful to Jrou, and will lay hands on any man that shall offer to hurt you." , , . , „^ ,^ It being now pretty dark, they ™<>ved «^««« i^' eether:-Anon they heard a noise. The Captain ftayed the old man with his hand, and asked his own l^n what noise they thought straight bej They concluded it to be the pounding of a mprtar. Ihe old man had given Captain Church a de^criPtuH. of the pl ace* where Antfawon now lay, and of the ditti- ■ .This aoUtarv retreat is in the southeastMly part of the to Jo%Si»h, but being^- j^t:^nr«iCs lating the story, report it to be in th« {own. h « ^^ ^^Vlt' The"rX-"o-^ *"«= northwesterly part of III imin mm i mm m"! ' -' ■■ '!»^ i n««'' *^f»^ ■r* m i * » w serve him. wed. The sometimes, td] looking 1, ne would lan made a . ing up, also irch asked, It that time t his sconts on as it be- ; and then ." When it d up again, ould take a ry low, and pon him, as old friend, ind be help- m that shall >« ■'■ar I ed close to- rhe Captain iked his own t be 1 They iqrtar. The Bscription of dofthediffi- rly part of the ie,some, in re- It is about 8 91 direct line to ;on runs up be- ch we pass in By this name it ry,) It is in a ig nearly 8000 nearest inhabi- vesterly part of m W''' =3;E srr:, — ■jt-TrimM '^ < ^ ^ ^'^ y vHfl^itmmf^^Mi^mam '^ < PHILIP'S WAR. 137 culty of getting at him. Being sensible that they were pretty near them, with two of his Indians he creeps to the edge of the rocks, frorti whence he could see their camps. He saw three companies of Indians at a little distance from each other; being easy to be discovered by the light of their fires. He saw also the great ANNA WON and his company, who had form^ his camp or kenneling place by falling a tree under the side of the great cliffi| of rocks, and setting a row of birch bushes up against it.; where he himself, his son, and some of his chiefs had taJien up their lodsings, and made great fires without them, and had tneir pots and kettles boiling, and spits roasting. , "[Hieir arms also he discovered, all set together, in a place fitted for the purpose, standing up an end against a stick lodged in two crotches, and a mat placed ut] ' " _ •' ■ ^ "... - the awamp,* and withiil 8 or 8 rods r Annttwon is approached with difficoHy. A part of i^ abitheast side hangs over a little, and the other, on tho ttbrtheast part, seems in no very dis- tant period, to have tqodiled down in large clefts. Its height may oe 30 feet. It is compoeedfljCsand and pebbles. A few scattering ample, beech, Direh, lu., grow about it ; as also briars and itl|«r bashes, so thick as almost to forbid ap- proach. Ponnerly, it was» no doubt, entirely surrounded by water, as it is to this time' in wet seasons. The northwest side of the rock is easily ascended, as it gradually slopes away from its sanUttit to its base, and at an angle, perhaps, not ex- ceeding S50. Small bushes grow from the seams in its steep side, as in the days of Church. Near the southwest extremi- ty is an openine of an angular form, in which, it is said, Annawon and the other chiefs were encamped. This open- ing now contains the stump of a large tree, which must bare grown since those days, as it nearly fills it up. 12* - . .<'.-' ..> .^ w \\ 138 PHILIP'S WAR. boughs, and the bushes that grew in the cracks of the rocks. Captain Church creeping back again to the old man, asked him, if there were no possibility of getting at them some other way"? He answered, " No." That he and all that belonged to Annawon, were ordered to come that way, and none could come any other way without difficulty, or danger of being Captain Church then ordered the old man and his daughter to go down foremost with their baskete at their backs, that when Annawon saw them with their baskets he should not mistrust the intrigue. Captain Church and his handful of soldiers crept down also, under the shadow of those two and their baskets. The Captain himself crept close behind the old mwi, with his hatchet in his hand, and stppped over the young man's head to.ti>e arms. The young Anna- won discovering of him, »vhipped his blanket over his head, and shrunk up in a heap. The old Cap- tain Annawon started up on his breech, and cried out "Hovoh."* And despairing of escape, threw . himself back again, and lay silent until Captain Church had secured all the arms, &c. And having secured that company, he sent his Indian soldiers to the other fires and companies, giving them instruc- tions, what to do and say. Accordingly they went , into the midst of them. When they [had] discover - • This word according to the tradition of aged people, ■ Bienified, " I am taken." Dr. Morse has thought fit to alter ffipelUng of this word to Howah, It is very ev>dcnt that the writer of this history, intended m the tcrm^ation of th« word to convey the sound of oh, and not ok. Wer s thu not the case, it is certainly better to give it to posterity as we find it. Such alterations, however smaU and unimportant thev may seem to some readers, have a very bad tendency ; they tend to cause us to doubt of the authenticity of any m- counts that are handed down to us. It may be said that an ■iteration of this kind is of "? consequence, because it does not altcTthe sense. But it should be recollected, that the authority is as good for any other alteration ; for to alter let- ters ii to alter words ; to alter words is to change the sense. Aiiiiai^'. HnpbMi%> PHILIP'S WAR. 139 Bicks of the rain to the isibility of answered, Annawon, lould come sr of being lan and his baskets at (1 with their . Captain down also, >ir baskets. lie old man, ed over the ung Anna- anket over iie old Cap- I, and cried iape, threw til Captain And having I soldiers to era instruc- they went d] discover- aged people, ght fit to alter r evident that ination of this Wers thii not Bsterity as we 1 unimportant tad tendency ; :ity of any ac- ]e said that an lecauge it does scted, that the for to alter let- nge the sense. ed themselve» [to the enemy, they]* told them that, their Captain Annawon was taken, and [that] it would be best for them, quietly and peaceably to surrender themselves, which would procure good quarter for thtm ; otherwise, if they should pretend to resist or make their escape, it would be in vain, and they could expect no other but that Captain Church, with his great army, who had now entrap- ped them, would cut them to pieces. Told them also, [that] if they would submit themselves, and de- liver up all their arms unto them, and keep every man in his place until rt was day, they would assure them that their Captain Church, who had been so kind to themselves when they surrendered to him, should be as kind to them. Now they being old ac- quaintance, and many of them relations, did much the readier give heed to what they said; [so] compli- ed, and surrendered up their arms unto them, both their guns and hatchets, &c., and were forthwith carried to Captain Church.* Things being so far settled. Captain Church asked Annawon, ' what he had for supper?" " for (said he) I am come io sup with you." " Tauhut," (said An- nawon) with a big voice, and looking about upon his women, bid them hasten and get Captain Church and his company some supper. [He] then turned to Captain Church and asked him whether he would eat cow beef or horse beef? The Captain told him cow beef would be most acceptable. It was soon got ready, and pulling his little bag of salt out of his pocket, which was all the provision he brought with him. This seasoned his cow beef. So that with it and the dried green corn, which the old squaw was pounding in the mortar, while they were sliding 1 [who they were] * Mr. Hubbard differs considerably in his relation of the taking; of Annawon, from our author, and is much shorter. Nothing very important seems to be omitted in this account, excepting the date, and that Mr. Hubbard omits also. * mm> 140 PHILIP'S WAR. down the rocks, he made a very hearty supper. And this pounding in the mortar, proved lucky for Lap- tain Church's getting down the rocks ; for when the old squaw pounded, they moved, and when she ce^- ed. to turn the corn, they ceased creeping. Ihe noise of the mortar prevented the enerny s hearmg their creeping, and the corn being now dressed, sup- plied the want of bread, and gave a fine relish witli the cow beef. . ^, , . . r Supper being over,Captam Church sent two ot his men to inform the other companies, that he had killed Philip, and taken their friends m Mounthope neck, but had spared their lives, and that he had sub- dued now all the enemy, (he supposed) except this company of Annawon; and now ,f they would be orderly and keep their places until morning, they should have good quarter, and that he would carry them to Taunton, where they might see tlieir friends ''^Thc messengers returned, [and informed] that the Indians yielded to his proposals. Captain Church thought it was now time for hini to take a nap, having had no sleep ,n t^ d'lys and one night before. [So he] told his men, hat if t»»ey would let him sleep two hours, they should sleep all the rest of the night. He laid himself down and en- deavoured to sleep, but all disposition to sleep de- ^^After hThadlain a little while, he looked up to sec how his watch managed, but found them all fast asleep. Now Captain Church had told Captain An- nawon's company, as he had ordered his Indians to tell the others; [namely] that their lives "houW all be spared, exceptingCaptain Annawon s and it w^. not in his power to promise him his life, but he must carry him to his masters at Plymouth, and he would entreat them for his life. Now when Captain Church found not only his ow n men, but all the Indians fast asleep, Annawon only excepted, who, he perceived was as broai awake as 11 ■•> PHILIP'S WAR. 141 pper. And ty for Cap- )r when the 3n she ceas- ping. The ly's hearing ressed, sup- 5 relish witli sent two of that lie had Mounthope . he had sub- I except this ley would be orning, they would carry their friends ned] that the time for him two days and ti, that if they ould sleep all down and en- n to sleep de- looked up to [ them all fast i Captain An- his Indians to ves should all ri's, and it was e, but he must and he would jt only his own Annawon only troai awake as himself; and so they lay looking one upon the other, perhaps an hour. Captain Church said nothing to him, for he could not speak Indian, and thought An- nawon could not speak English. At length Annawon raised himself up, cast off his blanket, and with no more clothes than his small breeches, walked a little way back from the company. Captain Church thought no other but that he had oc- casion to ease himself; and so walked to some distance rather than offend them with the stink. But by and by he was gone out of sight and hearing, and then Captain Church began to suspect some ill design in him ; and got all the guns close to him, and crowd- ed himself close under young Annawon; that if he should anywhere get a gun, he should not make a shot at him, without endangering his son. Lying very still awhile, waiting for the event, at length, he heard somebody coming the same way that An- nawon went. The moon now shining bright, he saw him at a distance coming with something in his hands, and coming up to Captain Church, he fell upon his knees before him, and offered him what he had brought, and speaking in plain English, said, "Great Captain, you have killed Philip, and con- quered his country ; for I believe that I and my com- pany are the last that war against the English, so suppose the war is ended by your means ; and there- fore these things belong unto you." Then opening his pack, he pulled out Philip's bclt,^ curiously wrought with wompom,f being nine inches broad, * This belt and some other of Philip's ornaments are now- owned in a family at Swanzey, as I was informed by an in- habitant of the place. t Wampum, or wampom, called also wampampeag ; a kind of money in use among the Indians. It was a kind oi' bead made of shells of the great conch, muscles, &c., and curiously wrought and polished, with a hole through them. They were of different colours, as black, blue, red, white and pur- ple ; the last of which were wrought by the Fivenation^j. lix of the white, and three of the black, or blue passed for a penny. Trumbull, Hist. U. S. I, 23. In 1667 wampom Si J: i .HW I MiJi i 'iiilH i ! ' wmni »i ii i : ii jiji.um»i « j|.i'' ' n 142 PHILIP'S WAR. wrought with black and white wompom, in various figures, and flowers and pictures of many birds and beasts. This, when hanged upon Captain Church's shoulders, reached his ancles ; and another belt of wompom he presented him with, wrought after the former manner, which Philip was wont to put upon his head. It had two flags on the back paj-t, which hung down on his back, and another small belt with a star upon the end of it, which he used to hang on his breast, and they were all edged with red hair, which Annawon said they got in the Mo- hog's* country. Then he pulled out two horns of glazed powder, and a red cloth blanket. He told Captain Church [that] these were Philip's royalties, which he was wont to adorn himself with, when he sat in state ; that he thought himself happy that he had an opportunity to present them to Captain Church, who had won them, &c. [They] spent the remainder of the night in discourse. And [Captain Annawon] gave an account of what mighty success he had [had] formerly in wars against many nations of Indians,! when he served Asuhmequin, Philip's father, &c.X was made a tender by law for the payment of debts " not ex- ceeding 40 shillings, at 8 white or 4 black a penny ; this was repealed in 1671." Douglass, I, 4S7. * Mohawk's. This word is spelt Moohag on page 68. See note 2, of page 68. t How much it is to be lamented that Mr. Church did not preserve the conversation of Annawon at this time. Nothing could have added more value to his history. X Thus ended Mondav night 38 August. It is unaccounta- ble that Mr. Hubbard fixes no date to this transaction, and the more so, as he wrote so near the time that it took place. It is not without some hesitation that the above is admitted, on account of the disagreements in the narratives. Hub- bard, 330, says that Tupaquin came in, in September, and places it before the taking of Annawon, which if our author be correct is a gross mistake. Now it is evident that it ww on Monday night from the text, and that there was a moon not long after dark, perhaps an hour or two. This ex- ipom, in various many birds and aptain Church's another belt of ought after the ont to put upon the back paj-t, I another small , which he used ; all edged with got in the Mo- iit two horns of inket. He told hilip's royalties, f with, when he If happy that he em to Captain They] spent the And [Captain : mighty success ist many nations mequin, Philip's it of debts "not ex- a penny ; this was g on page 68. See Ir. Church did not his time. Nothing y- It is unaccounta- is transaction, and e that it took place. I above is admitted, narratives. Hub- in September, and rhich if our author evident that it ww there was a moon or two. This ex« PHILIP'S WAR. 143 Tn the morning, as soon as it was light, the Cap-' tain marched with his prisoners out of that swampy country towards Taunton. [He] met his Lieutenant and company about four miles out of town, who ex- pressed a great deal of joy to see him again, and said, [that] it was more than ever they expected. They went into Taunton, were civilly and kindly treated by the inhabitants. [Here they] refreshed and rested themselves that night. Early next morning, the Captain took old Anna- won, and half a dozen of his Indian soldiers, and his own man, and went to Rhodeisland; sending the rest of his company, and his prisoners by his Lieu- tenant* to Plymouth. Tarrying two or three days upon the island, he then went to Plymouth, and car- ried his wife and his two children with him. Captain Church had been but a little while at Plymouth, when he was informed of a parcel of In- dians who had haunted the woods between Plymouth and Sippican ; that did great damage to the Eng- lish, in killing their cattle, horses, and swine. The Captain was soon in pursuit of them. [He] went out from Plymouth the next Monday in the after- noon, [and] next morning early they discovered a track. The Captain sent two Indians on the track to see what they could discover, whilst he and his company followed gently after. But the two In- dians soon returned with tidings, that they discover- ed the enemy sitting round their fires, in a thick place of brush. When they came pretty near the place, the Captain ordered every man to creep as lie did, and surround them by creeping as near as they could, till they should be discovered, and then actly corresponds with the date given above, because the moon was at the full on the 36 August, and this being two nights after, they would of course nave the moon a short time after dark. * Mr. Jabez Howland. i) I PHILIP'S WAR. to run [— ]* upon them, and take them alive if possible, (for their prisoners were their pay.) They did so, [takingP every one* that were at the fires, not one escaping. Upon examination they agreed in their stories, that they belonged to Tispaquin, who was gone \ with John Bump,t and one more, to AgawomJ and /Sippican'^ to kill horses, and were not e.\pected back in two or three days. || This same Tispaquin had been a great Captain, and the Indians reported, that he was such a great Pautt>a«,1T that no bullet could enter him, &c. Cap- tain Church said, [that] he would not- have him kill- ed, for there was a war** broke out in the eastern part of the country, and he would have him saved to go with him to fight the eastern Indians. Agreea- bly he left two oW squaws, of the prisoners, and bid them tarry there until their Captain, Tispaquin, re- turned, and to tell him that Church had been there, and had taken his wife and children, and company, and carried them down to Plymouth, and would spare all their lives, and his too, if he would come down to them, and bring the other two that were with him, and they should be his soldiers, &,c. Captain Church then returned to Plymouth, leav- ing the old squaws well provided for, and biscuit for Tispaquin when he returned ; telling his soldiars, that he doubted not, but he had laid a trap that 1 [on] » [took] I * About 50 according to Hubbard, 231. " The place was ' near Lakenham upon Pocasset neck, so full of bushes that a man could not see a rod before him." Ibid. _ t Nothing more is said of this Indian as I can find. There are respectable white people in Middleborough by this name, from the ancestors of whom he might have derived his name, t (Wareham.) § (Rochester.) II This was in September. i Wizard or conjurer, English writcw denominate their priests by this name. •• An account of this war will be given in the Appendix. - See No. V. ....si^JtntKBHttSailmm ~ I ~'fM i 'i>tij Sp Ti ' ^;'' ' nrn ' m f w •"^•^^'mtmrnnm lem sKve if pay.) They at tile fires, their stories, lo was gone gawomj and lot expected •eat Captain, such a great m, &c. Cap- lave him kill- (1 the eastern him saved to ns. Agreea- ners, and bid rispaquin, re- 1 been there, nd company, h, and would would come ivo that were jrs, (fee. ymouth, leav- md biscuit for ; his soldiars, id a trap that ! ■ The place was of buHnes that a !an find. Therp gh by this name, erived his name. ) knominate their in the Appendix. PHILIP'S WAR. 145 >vt)uld take him. Captain Church two days after went to Boston, (the commissioners* then sitting) and waited upon the honourable Governour Leve- rett,t who then lay sick. [He]* requested Captain Church to give him some account of the war, who readily obliged his honour therein, to his great satis- faction, as he was pleased to express himself; tak- ing him by the hand, and telling him, [that] if it pleased God [that] he lived, he would make it a brace of a hundred pounds advantage to him out of the Massachusetts colony, and would endeavour that the rest of the colonies should do proportionably. But he died within a fortnight after, and so nothing was done of that nature. J [who] • I find no mention of any other court in Massachu- setts at this time, than that called together the 9 August, oc- casioned by a letter from the King, summonine the colony to appoi u . .imlssioners to answer to the complaints of Gor- fes am' i-l. -n concerning lioundaries, 8ic. See Hist, lass. I, i ' I This and other business, it is probable, kept ther . r until the time alluded to in our text. t Govei .tourr John Leverett came to America with his fa- ther in 1633, from Boston in Lincolnshire, England. He was made deputy Governour in 1671, and in 1673, Gover- nour. He continued in the office until his death, which, ac- r^rding to our author, was in 1676. Dr. Douglass also, in nisrSummary, I, 439, says that it was " in the autumn of ib?3." It is remarkable, that most, if not all, later histori- ans place his death in 1678, on the authority of Mather, I conclude. In my first edition of this work I followed the Bi- ographical Dictionaries without scruple, but soon discovered the errour. Eliot and Al^en, perhaps, followed Mather with- out hesitation, because Hutchinson did not differ from him. - The former part of this note was written nrevious to the appearance of Mr. Savage's edition of Winthrop's History 01 Newengland. It there appears, II, 245, note 3, that a let- ter was received 1677, from the court of England, creating him Knight. This title was never used, which Mr. Savage conjectures various reasons for. But if he were dead before his appointment arrived, that is a sufficient reason. In Snow's Hist. Boston, some account of his funeral is given, but under the same date. 13 nf «"fP"BiW!P vBJi»*#! ■ 146 PHILIP'S WAR. ' The same day* Tispaquin came in, and thoie that were with him. But when Captain Church re- turned from Boston, he found, to his grief, the heads of Annawon, Tispaquin, 6lc.,\ cut off which were the last of Philip's friends. J ^ • The same day that the lr«5p was set. tThe full import of this 8ic. is not known. We can only observe, that a great rtany others at diflFerent times were ex- ecuted, much to the dishonour of those concerned. Of the numbers of those podV natives that were thus murdered, we must reniain ignorant. t Melancholy indeed is the reflection, a nation is no more f Thus we behold the instability of all things, acted upon by the exterminating band of time. The rude government of the natives could not protect them against treachery in an uncommon degree. Their means of support being often scant, and many times nearly cut oflf, was a great inducement to desertion to the English, where they always fared much better. Hence their first great disaster, at the swamp fight in Narraganset, was owing to a fugitive's leading the Eng- lish to the only assailable part of the fort ; Philip fell by the same fonl treachery ; and, lastly, Annawon, who, had he been a Roman, would have been called the great. The fol- lowing lines admirably portray the frailty of man. " Like leaves on tree* the race of man is fcwnd ; Now green in youth, now with'ring on the ground ; Another race the following ' )ring supplies; They fall successivi', and successive rise : So generations in their course, decay ; So flourish these, when those are past away." Pope's HoMKn. The conduct of the government in putting to death " An- nawon, Tispaquin, &.c.," has ever been viewed as barbarous; no circumstance now made it necessary. The Indiana were subdued, therefore no example was wanting to deter others. It is true, some were mentioned by the government as un- raeriting mercy ; but humanity forbade the execution of laws formed only for the emergencies of the moment. Oov- ernour Hutchinson observes, "Every person, almost, in the two colonies, [Massachusetts and Plymouth] hati lost a rela- tion or near friend, and the people in general wert' exa8|)era- ted: but :U does not sufficiently excuse this great severity." Hist. Mass. I, 377. Mr. Hubbard, who wrote at the time does not fail (o justi- fy all the measures of government. He says that Church phHoised Tispaquin an office vnder him, if what he had made t»SSSSS52;»££S^- •"r PHILIP'S WAR. 14'7 and thote Church re> f, the heads which were We can only imes were e%- icerned. Of ins murdered, tn is no more ! icted upon by ;overnment of achery in an : being often it inducement '8 fared much e swamp fight ding the Eng- ilip fell by the WHO, had he eat. The fol- lan. ope's HoMEIt. to death " An- I as barbarous; i Indians were o deter others, irnment as un- ! execution of loraent. Oot- almjst, in the had lost a rela> vert exaspera- reat severity." lot fail to jnsti- 's that Church it he had made The general court of Plymouth then sitting, sent for Captain Church, who waited upon them accord- ingly, and received their thanks for his good ser- vice, which they unanimously voted, [and] which was all that Captain Church had for his aforesaid service. Afterwards, in the yqar 1076,* in the month of January, Captain Church received a commission from Governour Winslow,f to scour the woods of some of the lurking enemy, whitii they were well informed were there. [Here followed the commission which is omitted as it Is verv similar to that at page 93. It bears elate 15 Jan. 1676, but should be taken 1676-7.] his followers believe were true, tliat a bullet could not kill him. When he delivered hiniself up, the government thought proper to see if it were the case ; so shot at him, and he fell dead the first fire! Annawon was accused of torturing and murdering many English prisoners, " which he could not deny," therefore he was jiut to death in the same manner. Mr. Hubbard, though an eminent historian, was not free from the prejudices of the times. As for us, we can only lament the end of those heroes, and in no better language, than that of our eminent native poet. " Indulge, our native lanil, indulge the tent That steali impusioned o'er a nation's doum ; To ui each twig from Adam's stock is dear. And tears of sorrow deck on Indian's tomb." Dnight's Greenfield Hill. * This was according to the old method of dating, when the new year' did not begin until the 35 March ; therefore, this must be understood 1677. Under the old supputation, the year was often written with an additional figure, ftrom 1 Jan. to 96 March, to represent both the old and new method ; thus, at that time the above date would • have been properly written 1676-7. By the inattention of authors, sometimes using the additional figure, and soinetimes omitting it, manv anachronisms have been committed. Another method, which signifies the same was often used; thus, 167^ exprestK the same as 1676-7. But writers frequently fell into mis- takes by taking the wron^ figure of the fraction. t This Gentleman haviilg managed the affairs oC Plymouth colony during this troublesome war, it will be proper to give some account of him at its close. He was a son of the dis- tinguished Edward Winslow, whose name is the third to • I I I ■fpi gJ B W'IWUI^ I Wj 'gfPWWWH'WWWIW nm* -'^HfmifmmK'mmiiitum ' .148 PHILIP'S WAR. i« I Accordingly Captain Church accompanied with several gentlemen and others, went out and took that celebrated " combination," or " first Toundation of the gOTernmentof New Plymouth." In 1656, Alexander was mis- trusted of.plotting against the English, as has been mentioned in note 1, on page 17. Mr. Winslow with 8 or 10 men sur- prised him at a hunting house where he had just arrived with about 80 men. These having left their guns without their house, were seized by Winslow, who then compelled Alexander to go with him to Plymouth. This caused in him an indignant languishment, of which he died, as has been ob- served. When Philip's war commenced, Mr. Winslow wrote to the Governourof Massachusetts as follows: "July 4, 1675. I do solemnly profess we know net any thing from us that might put Philip upon these motions, nor have heard that he pretends to have suffered any wrong from us, save only that we had killed some Indians and intended to send for himself for the murder of John Sausaman [Sassamon.] The last that was executed this week confessed that he saw the other two do the murder. Neither had we any thoughts to com- mand him in about it." See note 1, on page 26. Again he writes, « I think I can clearly say, that before these present troubles broke out, the English did not possess one foot of land in this colony, but what was fairly obtained by honest purchase of the Inclian proprietors: Nay, because some of our people are of a covetous disposition, and the In- dians are in their straits easily prevailed with to part with their lands, we first made a law that none should purcliase or receive by gift, any land of the Indians without the know- ledge and allowance of our court," &c. Hubbard, 66. Thus justice appears to have been aimed at by the leaders in gov- ernment, from its beginning, but does not appear to have effectually prevented the private abuses of individuals, which was, no doubt, impossible. The remark of Mr. Ma- kin I will lay before the reader that he may judge how far it is correct, and whether the contrast be so great between the treatment of the Indians in Newengland and Pennsylvania , as to deserve what follows. (See Appendix, XIII.) " On just and equal terms the land was gain'd,* No force of arms has any right obtain'd : 'Tis here without the use of arms, alone. The bless'd inhabitant enjoys hi? own ; Here many, to their wish, in peace enjoy Their happy lots, and nothing doth annoy. But sad Netg England's diffVcnl conduct show'd What dire cfletts from injur'd hidiant flow'd." • In Ptnniylvania, Makin in Proud, U, 369. iww JUiiili**!- m*«.i PHILIP'S WAR. 149 panied ut and with took ndation of the mder was mis- een mentioned >r 10 men sur- d just arrived ' guns without len compelled caused in him IS has been ob- w wrote to the ly4, 1675. I ; from us that heard that he save onlj that nd for himself n.] The last saw the other )ughts to com- 6. ly, that before hd not possess airly obtained Nay, because n, and the In- ti to part with )uld purchase Dut the know- rd, 66. Thus eaders in gov- pear to have r individuals, rk of Mr. Ma- dge how far it t between the Pennsylvanif , [III.) divers parties of Indians. In one of which there wa? a Certain old man, whom Captain Church seemed to take particular notice of, and asking him where he belonged, he told him at Swanzey. The Captain asked his name, he replied. Conscience. Conscience, said the Captain, smiling, then the war is over ; for that was what they were searching for, it being much wanted, and returned the said Conscience to his post again at Swanzey, to a certain person [that] the said Indian desired to be sold to, and then returned home.* • Nothing very brHliant, to be sure, occurred in those expe- ditions, if the author has given us the chief exploit of them all, and we may be satisfied that we have no more of them. Mr. Hubbard takes no notice of any actionsof Church ailterthe tak- ing of Annawon, which had they been very important would not have escaped his attention. He closes the war in this quarter with a few interesting exploits, the chief of which it will be proper to notice. In Octouer one Mr. Stanton with three Indians came from Seconet and on the way beared by a captive, that there were a number of the enemy not far off. The Indians leaving Mr. Stanton pursued and took them all. Among them was an old man not able to go their pace, and they spared his life by his promising to come after. It ap- pears that those taken, were mostly women and children, whose men were out a hunting. They soon returned, and the old man informed them of what had befel their friends, and they set out in pursuit of them, overtook them, and retook the prisoners. One friendly Indian was killed in the skir- mish, and the other two hardly escaped. One of these was called Major Symon, part Pequot and part Narraeaiiset. He wu remarkable for nis strength and courage, ana at the first, offered to fight any five of the enemy hand to hand with their hatchets, but they declined ; upon which he discharged his gun among them, and then rushed upon them with great fury, broke through them, and escaped with the other, with> out injury. Hubbard, 337, 236. 13* Proud, II. 363. w!« . «Miiini|iw »wm ii g i ) i i i wi. ii [THE FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS BETWEEN THE TEARS 1689, AND 1704; being] a further account or the actions in the mor« LATE WARS AGAINST THE COMMON ENEMY AND IN- DIAN REBELS, IN THE EASTERN PARTS, UNDER THE COMMAND OF THE AFORESAID CAPTAIN BENJAMIN CHURCH. In the time of Sir Edmund Andross'* government, began that bloody war in the eastern parts of New- england ; so that inunediately Sir Edmund sent an * Andross was sent over as Governour of the province ol" Newyork, in 1674, by the Duke of York. Was appoinled Governour of Neweneland, and arrived in Boston, 20 De- cember 1684. Smith, Hist. N. Y. 63, gives a very just idea of his character in a very few words. " He knew no law, but the will of his master, and Kirk and Jetferies were not fitter instruments than he to execute the desnotick projects of James II." And that "the historians of Newenglanil justly transmit him to posterity, under the odious character of a sycophantick tool to the Uuke, and an arbitrary tyrant over tne people committed to his care." He was checked in the midst of his oppressive measures by the abdication of King James. This had been expected by the colonies, and eagerly wished for. The people of Boston on a report of the change in England, and without waiting for its confirmation, daringly began the revolution in Newengland. Andross and about 50 other obnoxious persons were seized, and the old government reassumed. He was afterwards Governour of Virginia, and we hear but little more about him. He died in London, Feb. 24, 1713. Holmes, I, 475. His life is more particularly given by Eliot, but larger and better by Allen. sex m FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 151 [AN 704; S IN THE MORS ¥ AND IN- RT8, DH. government, arts of New- lund sent an he province of /Vas appointed Boston, 20 De- very just idea knew no law, reries were not potick projects t Newengianil Hous character rbitrary tyrant was checked in abdication of : colonies, and a report of the is confirmation, . Andross and id, and the old I Governour of him. He died His life is more itter by Allen. express for Captain Church, who then being at Little- compton, received it on a Lord's day, in the after- noon meeting. Going home after meeting, [he] took his horse and set out for Boston, as ordered ; and by sunrise next morning, got to Braintree,* where he met with Colonel Page on Iiorseback, going to Wey- moutli and Hingham to raise forces to go east. [He]' said [that] he was glad to see him, and that his ex- cellency would be as glad to see him in Boston so early. So parting he soon got t^ Boston, and waited upon his excellency, who informed him of an unhap- py war, broken out in the eastern parts ; and said, [that] he was going himself in person, and that he wanted his company with him. But Captain Church not linding himself in the same spirit he used to have, said, [that] he hoped his excelleniiy would give him time to consider of it. He told him he might ; and also said that he must come and dine with him. Captain Church having many acquaintance in Boston, who made it their business, some to encourage, and others to discourage him from going with his excel- lency. Scafter dinner his excellency took him into his room, and discoursed freely ; saying, that he hav- ing knowledge of his former actions and successes, and that he must go with him, and be his second, with other encouragements. But in short, the sai 1 Captain Church did not accept, so was dismissed and went home.f 1 [who] * Formerly mount WoUaston. Its Indian name wasWes- sagusset. It is about 10 miles from Boston, and is renowned as the birth place of John Adams, second President of the U. States, whose life and death add so much veneration to the auspicious Fodrth or Jolt. Though the residence of the President is nearly 4 miles from what was mount Wollaston, and in the present town of Quincy, yet it is believed, that it was anciently included in it. + Notwithstanding, Andross undertook an eastern expedi- tion at the head of 7 or 800 men, and the enemy fled before I ■ 152 FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS, ] i i Soon atV inued until the but Androsi,, n assumed the arrival of Sir . Murch 1697, FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 153 volunteers, both English and Indians to go east ; for the eastward Indians had done great spoil upon the English in those parts ; giving him an account of the miseries and sufferings of the people there. Captain Church's spirits being affected, said, if he could do any service for his honour, the country, and their re- lief, he was ready and willing. He was asked how he would act 9 He said [that] he would take with him as many of his old soldiers as he could get, both English and Indians, &c. The gentlemen of Boston requested him to go to Rhodeisland government to ask their assistance. So giving him their letter, and about forty shillings in money, he took leave and went home to Bristol* on a Saturday ; and the next Monday morning he went over to Rhodeisland, and waited upon their Governour,f delivering the letter as ordered, [and] prayed his honour for a speedy an- swer, who said, they could not give an answer pre- sently ; so he waited on them till he had their answer. And when he had obtained it, he carried it to the Boston gentlemen, who desired him to raise what vo- lunteers he could in Plymouth colony, and Rhode- island government, and what was wanting they would make up out of theirs that were already out in the eastern parts. The summer being far spent, Captain Church made what despatch he could, and raised about two hun- dred and fifty men, volunteers, and received his com- mission from Governour HinkleyJ which is as fol- loweth, viz. : • He settled at Bristol soon after Philip's war. See his life page XV. t We may infer from Judge Sewall's diary, in Holmes, I, 468, that one Clark was the Governour of Rhodeisland in 1686, on the arrival of Andross, who of course was displaced. But in May of this year, 1689, it was resumed, and all the ge- neral officers replaced. Ibid. 476. I have not even learned his baptismal name. A good history of Rhodeisland is a very desirable work. X Thomas Hinkley was born about the year 16S2. I find no mention of him, until he assumed the government, or J^ mmo »aM*mi^ifiiipu.ii|iiL 154 »HE>NCH AND INDIAN WA. " The Council of War of their Majesties* coloa^ of New Plymouth in JVewengland : To Major Ben- jamin Church, Commander in Chuf. Whereas the Kentiebeck and eastern Indians with their confederates, have openly made war upon their Majesties' subjects of the province of Maine, New- hampshire, and of the Massachusetts colony, havii^ conunitted many barbarous murders, spoils and ra- pines upon their persons and estates. And whereas there are some forces of soldiers, English and In- dians, now raised and detached out of the several regiments and places within this colony of New Plymouth, to go forth to the assistance of our neigh- bours and friends, of the aforesaid provinces and colony of the Massachusetts, subjects of one and the same crown ; and to join with their forces for the repelling and destruction of the common enemy. And whereas you Benjamin Church, are appointed to be Major, and commander in chief of all the for- ces, English and Indians, detached within this colony, for the service of their Majesties aforesaid. THE^ are in their Majesties' name to authorize and require you to take into your care and conduct all the said forces, English and Indians, and diligently to attend that service, by leading and exercising of your infe- riour officers and soldiers, commanding them to obey you as their chief commander; and to pursue, fight, take, kill, or destroy the said enemies, their aiders and abettors, by all the ways and means you can, as you shall have opportunity. - And you are to observe and obey all such orders and instructions as from time to time you shall receive from the commission- ers of the colonies, the council of war of this colony, or the Governour and council of the Massachusetts rather the presidency of Plymouth colony after the fall of Andross, the Caligula of Newengland, in 1689.' Hecontinu- ed in this office until 1692, when Sir William Phips arrired. He died at Barnstable, in 1706, aged about 74 years. Mor- ton, 208. Hutchinson, II, 141. ■rmMffnmMi* lies' ccioiytfiif b Major Bek- f. rn Indians with kvar upon their ' Maine, New- colony, havii^ spoils and ra- And whereas tglish and In- >f the several )iony of New I of our neigh- ^rovinces and Ls of one and forces for the nmon enemy, are appointed of all the for- lin this colony, laid. THE^ ze and require ict all the said intly to attend ; of your infe- l them to obey pursue, fight, I, their aiders ns you can, as are to observe tions as from e commission- of this colony, Massachusetts ifter the fall of 9.' Hecontinu- ) Phip» arrived. 4 year*. Mor- FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 155 colony. In testimony whereof the publick seal of the said colony of New Plymouth is hereunto affixed. Dated in Plymouth, the sixth day of September, Anno Domini, 1689. Annoque Regni Regis et Regi- ntt Willielmi et Maria Anglia, fyc, Primo.* THOMAS HINKLEY, President:' And now marching them all down to Boston, then received his further orders and instructions, which are as followeth. "Boston, September IGth, 1689. To aU Sheriffs, Marshals, Constables, and othsr officers, military and civil, in their Majesties^ pro' vince of Maine. Whereas pursuant to an agreement of the com-: missioners of the United Colonies, Major Benjamin ' Church is «ommissionated commander in chief over that part of their Majesties' forces, (levied for the present expedition against the common enemy) whose head quarters are appointed to be at Falmouth, in Casco bay. In their Majesties' names, you, and livery of you, are required to be aiding and assisti'^j' to the said Major Church in his pursuit of the ene- my, as any emergency shall require ; and so impress boats or other vessels, carts, carriages, horses, oxen, provision and ammunition, and men for guides, &c., as you shall receive warrants from the said Com- mander in chief, or his Lieutenant so to do. You may not fail to do the same speedily and effectually, as yoiu will answer your neglect and contempt of their Majesties' authority and service at your utter- most peril. Given under my hand and seal the day • That is. And of the reign of the King and Queen, Wil liam €md Mary ofE&gland, Ste., thefmt. i WI> < iWWW pilWKHSRIMmPW ^iPP FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. and year above written. Annoque Regni Regis et lUgtruB WiUiemi et Maria Prima. By THOMAS DANFORTH,* President of the province of Maine." « By the Govemour and Council of Massachusetts : To Major Benjamin Church. • Whereas you are appointed and commissioned by the council of war, of the colony of New-Ply- mouth, commander inchief of the forces raised with- in the said colony, against the common Indian ene- my, now ordered into the eastern parts to join with some of the forces of this colony; for the prosecu- tion, repelling and subduing of the said enemy. It i3 therefore ordered that Captain Simon WiUard, and Captain Nathaniel Hall, with the two companies of soldiers under their several commands, blonging to this colony, now in or about Casco bay, be, and are hereby put under you, as their commander in chief for this present expedition. And of the com- missions severally given to either of them, they are ordered to observe and obey your orders and direc- tions as their commander in chief until further order from the Governour and council, or the commission-, ers of the colonies. Dated in Boston the 17th day of September, Anno Domi ni, 1698. Annogue Regni • This gentleman was born in England 1622. He was a man of influence, which he employed to good account in the difficult days of Newengland. In 1 679 he was elected depu- tT Governour, and the same year, the inhabitants of the province of Maine chose him their President. On the arri- val of the tyrant, Andross, he was suspended from office. He died in 1699, aged 77 years. Nothing more honourable, perhaps, can be said of him, considering the age in which he lived, than, that he opposed with firmness the proceedings of those courts, which caused such a foul page in our history ^ their detestable prosecutions and persecations for wUeher^ft. ' See Allen, Biog. 340. ■M*«w«M|WriniMN«mqMpHMqMi rARS. Regni Regis «t ITH,* ee of Maim." Maasachusetis : commissioned ly of New-Ply- ces raised with- lon Indian ene* rts to join with for the prosecu- aid enemy. It Simon WiUard, two companies lands, blonging CO bay, be, and ' commander in ind of the com- ■ them, they are ders and direc- til further order the conimission-^ on the 17th day Annoque Regni I 1633. He was a ;ood account in the I was elected depa- inhabitants of the ent. On the arri- ended from office. r more honourable, be age in which he the proceedings of je in our history \n ions for mtehert^. ' FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 157 Rtgi9 et Regime Guilieltni et Maria, Anglia, ^c. Prima. S. BRADSTREET, Gov. Past in Council. Attest, Isaac Addington,* Seer." " By the Commissioners of the Colonies of the Mas- sachusetts, Flymottth oiid Connecticut, for manag' ing the present war against the common enemy. Instructions/or Major Benjamin Chuhch, Comman- der in Chief of the Plymouth forces, with others of the Massachusetts, put under his command. In pursuance of the commission given you, for their Majesties' service in the present expedition iigainst the common Indian enemy, their aiders and abettors ; reposing confidence in your wisdom, pni- (lence and fidelity in the trust committed to you for the honour of God, good of his people, and the se- t'urity of the interest of Christ in his churches, ex- pecting and praying that in your dependence upon him, you may be helped and assisted with all that grace and wisdom which is requisite for carrying you on with success in this difficult service ; and though much is and must be left to your discretion, as providence and opportunity may present from time to time in places of attendance; yet the fol- lowing instructions are commended unto your ob- servation, and to be attended to so far as the state of matters with you in such a transaction will admit. You are with all possible speed to take care that the * Mr. Addington was one of those who took a very active part in opposition to the tyrannical measures of Andross. On the acc<>8sion of William and Mary he was r.ppointed Sec- retary, which office he discharged with integrity for some time. It seems that in those days, as well as at the present, office seeker* were not entirely unknown, but, " the emoli^ inents of that office were small, compared with the duty, and so he was in less danger of a competitor." He belonged to the council for many years, and was respected as a justice of the peace for wisdom and industry. He died in 1714. 14 i gmjig i »" MMiiii "!!',( II 158 FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. Plymouth forces, both English and Indians under your command, be fixed, and ready, and the first op- portunity of wind and weather, to go on board such vessels as are provided to transport you and them to Casco, where, if it shall please God you arrive, you are to take under your care and command, the companies of Captain Nathaniel Hall, and Captam Simon Willard, who are ordered to attend your com- mand, whom, together with the Plymouth forces, and such as from time to time may be added unto you, you are to improve in such way as you shall see meet, for the discovering, pursumg, subdumg and destroying the said common enemy, by all op- portunities you are capable of; always mtendmg the preserving of any of the near towns from mcursions, and destruction of the enemy ; yet chiefly improving your men for the finding and following the said enemy abroad, and if possible to find out and attack Iheir head quarters and principal rendezvous, if you find you are in a rational capacity for so doing. The better to enable you thereto, we have ordered two men of war sloops, and other small vessels for transportation to attend you for some considerable time. You are to see that your soldiers' arms be always fixed and that they be furnished with ammu- nition, provisions and other necessaries, that so they may be in readiness to repel and attack the enemy. In your pursuit you are to take special care to avoid danger by ambushments, or being drawn under any disadvantage by the enemy in your marches, keep- ing out scouts and a forlorn hope before your main body and by all possible means endeavouring to surprise some of the enemy, that so you niay gain intelligence. , You are to suppress all mutinies and disorders among your soldiers, as much as in you lies, and to punish «ich as disobey your officers, ac- cording to the rules of war herewith given you. You are according to your opportunity, or any occasion more than ordinary occurring, to hold cor^ •ttmrntmnmsfr"- .'^f^*'^ I nui 'jjigfjii i *y* i if fv' w" ■■■ < l, ^w i |i wiWiiWiWIWUBWIIW I IS, dians under the first op- 1 board such lU and them I you arrive, immand, the and Captain nd your com- louth forces, added unto as you shall ig, subduing jy, by all op- intending the (n incursions, fly improving ing the said ut and attack 3ZVOUS, if you or so doing, have ordered all vessels for considerable iers' arms be 1 with ammu- i, that so they k the enemy, care to avoid vn under any larches, keep- [)re your main deavouring to rou may gain mutinies and uch as in you ur officers, ac- iven you. ■tunitv, or any g, to hold cor-< FRENCH AND NO. AN WARS. 159 respondence with Major Swaine, and to yield mutual assistance when, and as you are capable of it, and you may have reason to judge it will be of most publick service, and it will be meet, [that] you and he should agree of some signal, whereby your In- dians may be known from the enemy. You are to encourage your soldiers to be industrious, vigorous, and venturous in their service, to search out and destroy the enemy, acquainting them, it is agreed by the several colonies, that they shall have the benefit of the captives, and all lawful plunder,. and the reward of eight pounds per head, for every fighting Indian man slain by them, over and above their stated wages ; the same being made appear to the commander in chief, or such as shall be appoint- ed to take care therein. If your commission officers, or any of them should be slain, or otherwise incapa- ble of service, and for such reason dismissed, you arc to appoint others in their room, who shall have the like wages, and a conmission sent upon notice given ; you [are] to give them commissions in the mean time. You are to take effectual care that the worship of 'God be kept up in the army ; morning and evening prayer attended as far as may be, and as the emergencies of your affairs will admit ; to lee that the holy Sabbath be duly sanctified. You are to take care as much as may be, to prevent or punish drunkenness, swearing, cursing or such other sins as do provoke the anger of God. You are tt» advise with your chief officers in any matters of moment, as you shall have opportunity. You are from time to time to give intelligence and advice to the Governour and council of the Massachusetts, or commissioners of the colonies, of your p.wiceedings and occurrences that may happen, and how it shall please the Lcrd to deal with you in this present ex- pedition. If you find the vessels are not likely to be serviceable to you, dismiss them as soon as you may. IGU F»ENCH AND INDIAN WARS. Captain Sylvanus Davis is a prudent man and well acquainted with the affairs of those parts, and is written unto to advise and inform you all he can. . Such further instructions as we shall see reason to send unto you, you are carefully to attend and observe ; and m the absence of the commissioners, you shall observe the orders and instructions direct- ed unto you from the Governour and council of the Massachusetts. Given under our hands in Boston, S^t. 18, 1689. THOMAS DANFORTH, Prtrident- ELISHA COOKE, SAMUEL MASON, WILLIAM PITKIN, THO. HINKLEY. JOHN WALLEY." iSl THE FIRST EXPEDITION EAST. Being ready. Major Church embarked with his forces on board the vessels provided to transport them for Casco.* Having a brave gale at south- west, and on Friday about three o'clock, they got in sight of Casco harbour. And discovering two or three small ships there, [and] not knowing whether they were friends or enemies, whereupon the said commander, Major Church, gave orders that eveiy man that was able should make ready, and all lie close ; giving orders how they should act in case they were enemies. He, going in the Mary sloop, together with the Resolution, went in first, being both well fitted with guns and men. Coming to the first, hailed them, who said they were firiends ; presently man- ned their boat, brought to, and so came al ong the • What was since included in the towns of Falmouth, Cape Elizabeth and Portland, was called Casco. It is situated on Casco hay. This bay at its entrance between Cape ¥m- Kise and Cape ElurtKsth is abomt 40 milee wide. SuUivan's Mt. Maine, 18. In Philip's war depredatiwBS wefeaom- niitted here by the savages and many were killed, lb. ivs, fee. I I 1 /1 LD i Hi i JBpj ii I . l y, 1 , 11 RS. nan and well )art8, and is ,11 he can. . 1 see reason ) attend and immissioners, :tion8 direct- ouncil of the rpt. 18, 1689. ,TH, Prnident- PRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 161 r. ked with his to transport lie at south- 9ck, they got raring two or tring whether tpon the said rs that every d all lie close ; Ewe they were together widi th well fitted i first, hailed esently man- me along the Palmottth, Cape [t is situated on een Cape Pwr- ide. SuUiT*n's kHM weMoom* killed. lb. 19a, side of [him.]* [They]» gave the said Church an account, that yesterday there was a very great army of Indians, and French with them upon the island,* at the going out of the harbour, and that they were come on purpose to take Casco fort and town ;t like- wise informed him that they had got a captive wo- man aboard, (Major Walden'sJ daughter.of Piscata- » [them.] * [who] , • There are about 800 islands in Casco bay. What the 'jame of this was I have not learned. t Is this the " body of 600 Indians," mentioned by Bel- knw, N. H. 1, 267, that were going to attack Casco? I do not find any thing like it in the plaee it should be. H« cites " Church's memoirs, 104," perhaps he used the first edition of this history, as no mention of any thing of the kind is seen in the seconcL In touching upon the operations under Church in 1704, he says, « while they were at Mountdesert Church learned from 9 of his prkmners" of the body of Indians just named. It will be seen in the Ftflh Expedition, that La- faure'B son informed Church at Montiuicos, of some French and Indians "that were to go westward to fight the Eng- lish," but nothing of the kind took place at Mountdesert, nor any information from "9 prisoners," or that the expedi- tion was to attack Casco. t Waldron is now the correct way of writing this name. Hubbard wrote.it as our author does, but more firequently with an r after the e. Some other historians put the r before the e, so we are at a loss how the name was originally spelt. Major Richard Waldron was a native of Somersetshire, England, and was otie of the first settlers at Cochecho, now Dover, Newbanuashire. The tragical death of this noted man is given by Dr. Belknap, Hist. N. H. 1, 197, 198 ; but as that excellent work is not in the hands of many, it may be proper to give the particulars in this plaee. At the close of Phiup's war, many of the western Indians fled to the east- ward. Some of them, with others of Pennacook and Pig* wocket, had assembled at Major Waldron's with whoaa they had lately treated. Captains Syll and Hawthorne, being denatched by the Massachusetts' Eovernment against the Indians on the Kenoebeck, arrived there with their men, under orders to seise all Indians that had been concerned in the war. They were about to execute their orders by seis- ing these Indians, but Mi. Waldron formed the design of taking them in a sham ti ming, which he hki invited them 14* .. 1 1 111 iiriw i m wMMiMfcJ t' Wii ' i i"" 162 FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. qua) that could give him a full account of their numbers and intentio ns. He bid them give his ser- tojoin in. Accordingly all were taken, in number about 400. Those that were not found to have been in the .-.mer war were di9mi8§ed, and the rest were sent to Boston. About 8 or 10 were hanged as murderers, and the rest sold mtoslave- rv This was the latter part of 1676. Now IS years had expired, but revenge remained in the breasts of those tribes whose friend* had been so cruelly treated. They therefore formed the design to destroy all the garrisons at Cochecho, which was thus artfully concerted. Two squaws were to get permission to lodge in each, and after all was still in tiie ^ead of night, they were to open the d^rs for their friends. No fear was discovered among the English, and the squaws were admitted. One of tliose admitted into Waldron's garrison, reflecting, perhaps, on the inaratitude she was about to be guilty of, thought to warn the Major of his danger. She pretended to be ill, and as she lie on the floor would turn herself from side to side, as though to case herself of pain that she pretended to have. While in this exercise she began to sing and repeat the following verse. " O Major Waldo, You great Sagamore, O what will you do, Indians at your door!" No alarm was taken at this, and the doors were opened according to their plan, and the enemy rushed in with great furv They found the Major's room as he leaped out of bed, but with his sword he drove them through two or three rooms, and as he turned to get some other arms, he fell stun- n^d by a blow with the hatchet. They dragged him into his haU and seated him on a table in a great chair, and then began to cut his flesh in a shocking manner. Some in turns nsiied his naked breast, saying, " I cross out my account. Then cutting a joint from a finger, would say, "Will your fist weigh a pound now ?"• His nooe and ears were then cut off and forced into his mouth. He soon fainted, and fell from his seat, and one held his own sword under him, which pas- sed through his body, and he expired. The family were forced to provide them a supper while they were murdering * It U a tradition concerning Major Waldron, that he ueed in trading with the Indian*, to count hii Bst as weighing a pound, aUo that hieac- counuwere false and not cro»«ed out according to agreement. But in jurtice to the Major, it should be remembered, that strange Indians, who thought themseWee injured by one EnglishnMO, wouU take revMge on the first that fell into their hands. iRS. , Qunt of their give his ser- mber about 400. the l-.mer war )Bton. About 8 t sold into slave- iw IS year* had I of those tribes They therefore ns at Cochecho, Bquaws were to all was still in doors for their e English, and i admitted into the ingratitude rn the Major of 13 she lie on the 3 though to ease . While in this lowing verse. rs were opened led in with ereat eaped out ofbed, ;h two or three rms, he fell stun- ragged him into t chair, and then , Some in turns lut my account." say, " Will your trs were then cut ed, and fell from ■ him, which pas- rhe family were were murdering the t he uMd in trtding ind, also that hii ao- agrcement. But in ■trance Indiana, who 1 tak« reT«ic« oa th« FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 163 vice to their captain, and tell him, [that] he would wait upon him after he had been on shore and given some orders and directions. Being come pretty near, he ordered all the men still to keep close ; giving an account of the news [which] he had re- ceived, and then went ashore ; where were seve- ral of the chief men of the town, who met him, be- ing glad that he came so happily to their relief; told him the news [th^] Mrs. Lee* had given them, being the woman aforesaid. He [went]! to Captain Davis.f to get some refresh- ment, having not eaten a morsel since he came by Boston castle. And now having inquired into Che state of the town, found them in a poor condition to defend themselves against such a number of enemies. He gave them an account of his orders and instruc- tions, and told them what forces he had brought, and ! [going] the Major. This was on Thursday 97 June, 1689. Major Waldron was 80 years old when killed. Fifty two persons were killed, and taken captive , of the former were 2S. MS. Recollections. • Daughter of Major Waldron, as mentioned above. She was taken the same time her father was killed, as related in the last noie. Her husband's name was Abraham Lee, who was killed when the garrison was taken. t Captain Sylvanus Davis, the same mentioned in the pre- ceding instructions. By Hutchinson, 11, 21, it wpears that he was once taken prisoner and carried to Canada, and that he commanded the fort at Casco from which he was ta- ken, which, I suppose, was in 1690 ; for in that year the country upon the bay was desolated. There were a number ofgarrisons, andafort.butwere all taken. Captain Davw with one Captain Lake were besieged on Arrowsike island in 1676, but effected their escape out of the back dw>r of a house, and ran to the water's edge, and in a boat fled to the nearest land. Capt. Lake was shot down m he landed, but Davis escaped with a wound. The body of Lake was after- ward found, and conveyed away by Major Waldron. Ua- vis, on the arrival «f Gov. Phips, in 1692, was appointed one of the counsellors for the eastern country. How long he con- tinued in that office is not known to me, but by SttUivan, 1»7, it appears that be sustained it in 1701. MMHIMI Mr- %' \'Hi. 164 'FEENCH and INDIAN WARS. that when it was dark they should all land, and not before, lest the enemy should discover them. And then he went on board the privateer [which was a Dutchman.]' But as he went, called on board every vessel, and ordered the officers to take care that their men might be all fitted and provided to fight ; for the people of the town expected the enemy to fall upon them every minute. But withal, chargmg them to keep undiscovered. . And, coming on board said privateer, was kmdly treated. [He] discoursed [with] Mrs. Lee, who m- formed him, that the company she came with, had four score canoes, and that there were more of them, whom she had not seen, which came from other pla- ces, and that they told her, when they came all to- gether, should make up seven hundred men. He Mked her whether Casteen* was with them*? She answered, that there were several French men with 8 [who were Dutchmen] • Baron De St. Castine, a very extraordinary character. According to Voltaire and the Abbo Raynal he had been Colonel of the regiment of Corignon, in France, and WM a man of family and fortune. He came to America in 1870, andsettled among the Penobscot Indians; married a daugh- ter of the clrtef, and had several other wives. By the treaty of Breda, the territory beyond the Penobscot was ceded to Prance, and Castine lived within that country. Some diffi- culty arose about a cargo of wine, which was landed in the country, and a new lin« was run by the English, by which the place of landing, together with Castine's lands, wm ta- ken within the English claim. Andross, m his expedition before named, plundered Castine's house of every thing valu- able in his absence. This base act so exasperated him, that he used his exertions to inflame the Indians against the Eng- XiA, which he eflfectually did, and their chief supplies of arms and ammunition- were furnished by him. He had an estate in France, to which he retired when the French lost their possessions in that part of the country. See Sullivan's Hist. 98, 159, 926. Hist. N.H.I, 195, 196. If we name this^ tine'i war. list. 98, 159, 926. Hist. N.H.I, 195, 196. If we name bis war from those that occasioned it, we may call it Cas- ine's war. But the French, perhaps, would call it AndroM V! RS. land, and not them. And [which was a n board every are that their to fight ; for enemy to fall harging them r, was kindly Lee, who in- ime with, had more of them, om other pla- y came all to- 3d men. He h them 9 She ich men with nary character, lal he had been ance, and was a .merica in 1670, narried a daugh- By the treaty ot was ceded to try. Some diffi- a!) landed in the glish, by which 8 lands, was ta- n bis expedition :very thing valu- lerated him, that against the Eng< hief supplies or lim. He had an \ the French lost See Sullivan's 16. If we name may call it Cas- d call it AndroM' FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 165 them, but did not know whether Casteen was there or not. He then bavins got what intelligence she could give him, went ashore and viewed the fort and town ; discoursing with the gentlemen there accord- ing to his instructions. And when it began to grow dark, he ordered the vessels to come as near the fort as might be, and land the soldiers with as little noise as possible ; ordering them as they landed to go into the fort and houses, that stood near, that so they might be ready upon occasion. Having ordered provisions for them, [he] went to every company and ordering them to get every thing ready ; they that bad no powderhorns or shotbags, should immediately make them ; ordering the officers to take special care that they were ready to march into the woods an hour before day ; and also directing the watch to call him two hours be- fore day. So he hastened to bed to get some rest. At the time prefixed he was called and presently ordering the companies to make ready, and about half an hour before day they moved. Several of the town's people went with them into a thick place of brush about^alf a mile from the town. Now order- ing them to send out their scouts as they used to do, and seeing them all settled at their work, he went in- to town by sunrise again, and desired the inhabitants to take care of themselves, till his men had fitted themselves with some necessaries ; for his Indians, most of them, wanted both bags and horns. So he ordered them to make bags like wallets, to put pow- der in one end, and shot in the other. ^>^ So most of them were ready for action, viz., the Seconet Indians, but the Cape Indians were vm' bare, lying so long at Boston before they embarked, that they had sold every thing [that] they could make a penny of; some tying shot and powder in the cor- ners of their blankets. He being in town, just going to breakfast, there was an alarm; so he ordered all the soldiers in town to <«fe- I ( 'i '• I, 166 FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. move away as fast as they could, where the finng was. And he, with what men more were with him ot his soldiers, moved immediately. [They metj with Captain Bracket's* sons, who told [them that,]" their father was taken ; and that they saw a great army ot Indians in their father's orchard, &,c. By this time our Indians that wanted bags and horns were htted, but wanted more ammunition. Presently came a messenger to him from the town, and informed him, that they had knocked out the heads of several casks of bullets, and they were all too big, being musket bullets, and would not fit their guns, and that it he did not go back himself, a great part of the army would be kept back from service for want of suitable "hc ran back and ordered every vessel to send ashore all their casks of bullets; being brought, ftheyl knocked out their baad«, and turned them all out upon the green by the tort, and set all the peo- ple in the town, that were able, to make slugs; bemg 1 [and meeting] ' V^"°i • Captain Anthony Bracket, an early settler on Cmco bay, where his posterity yet remain. Notice is taken by SuUivan, Ti^St^eU^mtly^'^'^ considerable landholders in Falj lVh.ttween th'e years 1680 and '690 underatrtle of the Kovernment, signed by president Danforth. lb. 196, ivi- mlnC^owM Jestroyeiin 1676, Captain Bracket with his wife and one child wks taken by the savages. This was on the llAugust, and the November following they made ?heir escape. Those that had them prisoners, landed them on the north shore of the bay, and here their keepers had in- telligence of a valuable house, taken by another party, the gpoife of which they were eager to share ; th"«f«>'« •>"""? locket, his wife and child, and a negro, with »o"je P™"' sions. who promised that they would come after, and depart- ed They'^ found an old birch canoe, in wh.^h thcv escaped to the other side of the bay, where, only the day before the enemy had left. Here they got on board '^.^''^l^^X*^ Pascataqua, where they arrived safe. Hubbard, ^f to 396. What time Bracket returned to his lands does not appear. When AndrosB erected forts there in 1688, Captam Bract et was put in command of th:ee. Sullivan, aw. -f"*'pi«PiPWW*W" ARS. Iicre the firing >re with him of hey metlj with 3in that,]" their great army of , By this time ns were fitted, isently came a 1 informed him, )f several casks ;, being musket and that if he irt of the army trant of suitable vessel to send being brought, turned them all set all the peo- ke slugs; being «] tier on Casco bay, taken by Sullivan, ndholders in Fal- 10, under a title of orth, lb. 196,197. tain Bracket with avages. This was [lowing they made )ner8, landed them eir keepers had in- another party, the therefore, leavinjg I, with some provi- after, and depart- which they escaped the day before the ] a vessel bound to ubbard, 393 to 396. is does not appear. 88, Captain Brack- in, 260. FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 167 most of them too large for their use, which had like to have been the overthrow of their whole nrmy. He finding some small bullets, and what slugs were made, and three knapsacks" of powder, went imme- diately to the army, which was very hotly engaged. But coming to the river the tide was up ; he called to his men that were engaged, encouraging them, and told them [that] he had brought more anununi- tion for them. An Indian, called Captain Lightfoot,* Itud doivn his gun, and came over the river, taking the powder upon his head, and a kettle of bullets in each hand, and got safe to his fellow soldiers. He perceiving great firing upon that side he was of, went to see who they were, and found them to be two of Major Church's companies,, one of English and the other of Indians, being in all about four score men, that had not got over the river, but lay firing over our men's heads at the enemy. He presently ordered them to rally, and come all together, and gave the word for a Casco man. So one Swarton, a Jersey inan,t appearing, whom he could hardly un- derstand. He asked him how far it was to the head of the ri'er, or whether there were any place to get over 1 He said [that] there was a bridge about three quarters of a mile up, where they might get over. So he calling to his soldiers, engaged on the other side, that he would soon be with them over the bridge, and come upon the backs of the en6my, which put new courage into them. So they imme- diately moved up towards the bridge, marching very thm ; being willing to make what show they could j shouting as they marched. They saw the enemy running from the river side, where they had made stands with wood to prevent any body from coming over the river; and coming to ti e bridge, they saw on the other side, that the enemy had laid logs, and * See note 3 on page 100. t Ad Irishman. ---w? ""•I^^- 168 FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS.' Mil, Uuck birch brush along to hide themselves from our He ordered the company to come altogether, bid- ding them all to run after him, who would go first ; and that as soon as they got over the bridge, to scat- ter ; that so they might not be all shot down to- gether ; expecting the enemy to be at their stands. So running up to the stands, found none there, but were just gone; the ground being much tumbled with them behind the said stands. He ordered the Captain with his company of English to march down to our men, engaged, and that they should keep along upon the edge of the marsh, and himself, with his Indian soldiers would march down through the brush. And coming to a parcel of low ground, which had been formerly burnt, the old brush bemg fallen down, lay very thick, and the young brush being grown up, made it bad travelling. But com- ing near the back of the enemy, one of his men call- ed untotim, (their commander) and said, " Th^ ene- my run westward to get between us and the bridge. And he looking that way, saw men running ; and making a small stop, heard no firing, but a great chopping with hatchets ; so concluding the fight was over, made the best of their way to the bridge again ; leat the enemy should get over the bridge mto the town. The men being most of them out, (our ammuni- tion lay exposed) [and] coming to the bridge where he left six Indians for an ambuscade on the other side of the river, that if any enemy offered to come over, they should fire at them, which would give himnotice ; so would come to their assistance. (But in the way, having heard no firing, nor shouting, concluded the enemy were drawn off.) He asked the ambus^e whether they saw any Indians'? they said "Yes, abundance." He asked them where f They answer- ed, that they ran over the head of the river by the W^-"^"*'"' ' -^:«^im jsL~ J . K. I .W WII P! fW»,w w ' W' "-"''-^-'' ^'' ''-J ' '- ' t y '' ^ wy wi m "w » i wiit i t 'M * m- - > rARS, ng about as not at aU his army* told him that lition ; and that tie longer, they tn on the head ; e so unsizeable, oke slugs while all the wounded hind, which was Captain Hallf id great service, men. But Cap- ny, and Captsdn and the most of coming suddenly whole company nt, and marching ,11 their wounded f God's goodness and causing the it gave one shout abitants wonder- d favoured them irch with his for- they had been all ras the first time, )een put to flight. told us, bat it proba^ I Tolanteers number- wo other conipaniet i MasMchusetts gov* M[a<«achasettt where Mather, Mag. II, 1 in the former war.** Plymoath eoloaj. i FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 171 The said Church with his volunteers were wonder- fully preserved, having never a man killed outri^ and but one Indian mortally wounded, who died ;" several more being badly wounded, but recovered.* After this engagement Major Church, with his for- ces, ranglag all the country thereabout, in pursuit of the enemy, and visiting all the garrisons at Black point,f Spurwink,]: and Blue point,'^ and went up Kennebeckjl river, but to little effect. And now winter drawing near, he received orders from the government of Massachusetts bay, to settle all the garrisons, and put in suitable officers according to his best discretion, and to send home all his soldiers, volunteers and transports, which orders he presently obeyed.lF Being obliged to buy him a horse to go home by land, that so he might the better comply with his orders. * The killed and wounded spoken of above as being brought over in canoes, were Captain Hall's men. By this statement reference is only made to the Plymouth forces. Mather says, that 10 or 12 were killed. Magnalia, II, 515. t A short distance to the west of Cape Elizabeth, in the town of Scarborough, and was called the east parish. i " On the west line of Cape Elizabeth [town] or on the east line of Scarborough." A small river meets the sea here of the same name. Sullivan, 36, 115. § A little to the west of Black point and was the west par- ish of Scarborough, lb. 313. II Sullivan, 31, tells us, that this name, ■' no doubt," is de- rived ■' from a race of Sagamores of the name of Kenebis." This noble and beautiful river enters the ocean to the east of Casco bay, in about 33 d. 42 min., north latitude. It is the ancient Sagadahock, and is celel rated as the place where the first settlement was made in Newengland. It was on an island at the mouth of said river, called Stage island, in 1607, by a colony of 100 persons in two ships under the direction of Sir John Popham. But the neri year, their chief men being dead, the colony returned to England. An earlier date is assigned to the discovery of the river by the French, namely, in 1604. See an anecdote of this settlement in the Appen- dix, No. XII, 4. IT At this time, the whole eastern country was saved by this expedition. Sullivan, 303. J.JL>jiil i JMi (H l l lltfl l Wia l l>illJllB' ' ttW>HIW IW ^^ 172 FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. M The poor people, the inhabitants of Casco, and places adjacent, when they saw [that] he was going away from them, lamented sadly, and begged earn- estly that he would suffer them to come away in the transports ; saying, that if he left them there, that ijn the spring of the year, the enemy would come and destroy them and their families, &c. So by their earnest request, the said Major Church promised them, that if the governments that had now sent him, would send him the next spring, he would certainly come with his volunteers and Indians to their relief; and, that as soon as he had been at home, and taken a little care of his own business, he would certainly wait upon the gentlemen of Boston, and inform them of the promise [that] he had made to them ; and if they did not see cause to send them relief, to entreat their honours, seasonably to draw them off, that they might not be a prey to the barbarous enemy. Taking his leave of those poor inhabitants, some of the chief mem there, waited upon him to Black point, to Captain Scottaway's* garrison. Coming there, they prevailed with the said Captain Scottaway to CO with him to Boston, which he readily complied with, provided the said Church would put another in to command the garrison ; wftich being done, and taking iheir leave one of another, they set out and travefied through all the country, home to Boston ; (having employed himself to the utmost to fulfil his instructions, last received from Boston ; which cost him about a month's service uver and above what lie had pay for from *he Plymouth gentlemen.) And in his travel homew trd, several gentlemen waited upon the said Major Church, who was obliged to bear their expenses.f * No more of this gentleman is found, than what is given in this place. t Whether this v/as a general custom in those days, or not, I have taken no trouble to ascertain, but it woald contributo very little to the dignity of an office now. LRS. )f Casco, and he was going begged earn- e away in the em there, that mldcome and So by their rch promised now sent him, ould certainly to their reliei ; me, and taken ould certainly d inform them them ; and if lief, to entreat 1 off, that they 3nemy. abitants, some him to Black ison. Coming tain Scottaway adily complied put another in ing done, and !y set out and me to Boston ; >st to fulfil his tn ; which cost above what he men.) And in in waited upon id to bear their I what is given in hose days, or not, would contribitto FRBNCB AND INDIAN WARS. 173 When he came to Boston gentlemen, he informed them of the miseries those poor people were in, by having their provisions taken from them by order of the president,* &c., then went home. [He] staid not long there before he returned to Boston, where Captain Scottaway waited for his com- ing, that he might have the determination of the go- vernment of Boston to carry home with him. [—3* It being the time of the small pox there, ([ — ^ Mar jor Church not having had it) [he took]^ up his lodg- ing near the Court house, [and had]^ the first oppor- tunity to inform those gentlemen of the Court [of] his business. [Thejr]* said [that] they were very busy in sending home Sir Edmund, the ship being ready to sail. The said Major Church still waited upon them, and at every opportunity entreated those gentlemen in behalf of the poor people of Casco, informing the necessity of taking care of them, either by sending them relief early in the spring, or suffer them to draw off, otherwise they would certainly be destroyed, &c. Their answer was, that they could do nothing till Sir Edmund was gone. Waiting there three weeks upon great expenses, he concluded to draw up some of the circumstances of Casco, and places adjacent, and to leave it upon the council board, before the Govern nour and council. Having got it done, obtained liberty to go up where the Governour and council were sitting, he informed their honours, that he had waited till his patience was worn out, so had drawn up the matter to leave upon the board before them, which is as follows. " To the honoured Governour and council qf th» Massachusetts. Gentlemen, Whereas by virtue of yours, with Plymouth's de- 1 [and] 9 [a id] » [taking] * [took] s [who] * Thomas Danfarth. 16* 174 FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. !' ' 'Hi I' U sires and commands, I went eastward in the last ex- pedition against the common Indian enemjr, where providence so ordered that we attacked their great- est body of forces, coming then for the destruction of Falmouth, which we know marched off repulsed with considerable damage, leaving the ground, and have never since [been] seen there, or in any place adjacent. The time of the jrear being then too late to piosecute any further design, and other accidents falling out contrary to my expectation, impeded the desired success. Upon my then removal from the province of Maine, the inhabitants were very solici- tous that this enemy might be further prosecuted, willing to venture their lives and fortunes, in the said enterprise, wherein they might serve God, their King, and country, and enjoy quiet and peaceable habita- tions. Upon which I promised to signify the same to yourselves, and wilhng to venture that little which providence hath betrusted me with, on the said ac- count. The season of the year being such, if some speedy action be not jperformed in attacking them, they will certainly be upon us in our out towns, God knows where, and the inhabitants there, not being able to defend themselves, without doubt many souls may be cut off, as our last year's experience wofully hath declared. The inhabitants there, trust to your protection, having undertaken gt srnment and your propriety ; if nothing be performed on the said ac- count the best way, under correction, is to demolish the garrison, and draw c T *he inhabitants, that they may not be left to a more less enemy ; and that the arms and ammunitbn i.iay not be there for the strengthening of the enemy, who without doubt have need enough, having exhausted their greatest store in this winter season. I have performed my promise to them, and acquitted myself in specifying the same to yourselves. Not that 1 desire to be in any action, although willing to serve my King and country, and may pass under the censure of scandalous tongues ,:^£_ .RS. n the last ex- memy, where d their great- e destruction [ oflf repulsed i ground, and in any place then too late ther accidents impeded the oval from the re very solici- jr prosecuted, les, in the said od, their King, ceable habita- ;nify the same lat little which n the said ac- such, if some ttacking them, )ut towns, God jre, not being ubt many souls irience wofully 5, trust to your tnent and your 9n the said ac- is to demolish tants, that they r ; and that the there for the out doubt have r greatest store led my promise ifying the same e in any action, id country, and idalous tongues FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 175 in the last expedition, which I hope they will amend on the first opportunity of service. I leave to ma- ture consideration, the loss of trade and fishery ; the war brought to the doors. What a triumph it will be to the enemy ; derision to cu» neighbours, beside dishonour to God and our nation, and grounds of frown from our Prince; the frustration of those, whose eyes are upon you for help, who might have otherwise applied themselves to their King. Gentle- men, this I thought humbly to propose unto you, that I might discharge myself in my trust from yourselves, and promise to the inhabitants of the province, but especially my duty to God, her Majesty, and my na- tion, praying for your honours prosperity, subscribe, Your servant, BENJAMIN CHURCH. Jl true copy given vi at Boston, this 6th of February, 1689,* at the Council Board. Attest. T. S."t Major Church said, moreover, that in thus doing he had complied with his promise to those poor peo- ple of Casco, a.id should be quit firom the guilt of their blood. The Governour was pleased to thank him for his care and pains taken, then taking his leave of them went home, and left Captain Scotta- way in a very sorrowful condition, who returned home sometime after with only a copy of what was left on the board by the said Church. Major Church not hearing any thing till May fol!ov.irig, aj*.' tucn was informed, that those poor people of Casco wore cut off by the h^irbarous enemy ;t and although they • It should be iiJ90, or 168»-90. See note 1, on p^ge 147. t For whose name these initials stand I have not satisfac- torily ascertained. X In May, *.ti90. Some forces had just left Casco, and joined Sir Wm. Phips to go against Portroyal, when an army of four hundred, or more, French and Indians were discoTcr- •d about the place. " There was a fort near the water, and 176 FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. fc'j' m made their terms with Monsieur Casteen, who was commander of those enemies, yet he suffered those merciless savages to massacre and destroy the most of them. To conclude this first expedition East, I shall just give you a hint how Major Church was treated, al- though he was commander in chief of all the forces out of Plymouth and Boston government. After he came home, Plymouth gentlemen paid him hui/orty- twopounds, telling him, he must go to Boston gen- tlemen for the rest, who were his employers as well as they. Of whom he never h-Ad one penny, for all travel and expenses in raising volunteers, and ser- vices done ; except forty shillings or thereabout, for going from Boston to Rhodeisland on their busi- ness, and back to Boston again ; also for sending a man to Providence for Captain Edmunds,* who raised a company in those parts, and went east with them. another on tb.: hill, near where the burying ground is, and another on the rocky ground, south from the place where the first meeting house stands," in what was the town of Fal- mouth. That near the burying ground was abandoned as untenable, and both of the others after some time were car- ried by assault. One hundred persons now fell into the hands of the enemy. The French commander promised the farrisons safety to their persons, and liberty to go to the next inglish town, but he kept his promise no longer than while h« was in possession. The whole country hereabout was laid desolate, and presented a most dreadful scene of ruin. The ground was strewed with the bones of the dead, which Church, on his arrival afterward, gathered up and buried. Hist. Maine, 202. Magnalia, II, 524. * The same who k mentioned in Philip's war, 52. I learn nothing of his eastern expedition. 4^;ga*""-: kfLS. teen, who was sufiered those troy the most ist, I shall just as treated, al- all the forces fent. After he him hvii/ortjf- t Boston gen- loyers as well penny, for all teers, and ser- or thereabout, on their busi- I for sending a Imunds,* who went east with ig ground is, and J place where the the town of Fal- ras abandoned as le time were car- low fell into the ider promised the f to go to the next oneer than while y hereabout was ul scene of ruin, the dead, which d up and buried. war, 52. I learn i, H;B ' ^w i #Wi|i ' ', * )yWJtt ' W!Mp.W"i » IWJ,>W^ FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 177 THE SECOND EXPEDITION EAST. In the year 1690 was the expedition* to Cana- da,-}- and Maior WalleyJ often requested Major Church * Canada had long been considered the source of all the evils endured by the colonies. Hence the long train of wars at the expense of so much blood and treasure to " drive the French out of Canada." Sir William Phips was the chief mover and executor of this expedition. His fleet, retarded by unavoidable accidents, did not arrive before Quebeck un- til the 5 October. The next morning, he sent a summons on shore, but receisrcd an insolent answer from the Govern- our. The next day, he attempted to land his troops, but was prevented by the violence of the wind. On the 8, all the effective meft (12 or 1300) landed on the island of Orleans, 4 miles below the town, and were fired on, from the woods, by the French and Indians. Having remained on shore un- til the 11, and then learning by a deserter, the strength of the place, they embarked with precipitation. In their way to Boston, the fleet was dispersed in a tempest. Some of the vessels were blown oft" to the West Indies, one was lost on an island near the mouth of the St. Lawrence, and two or three were never heard of. Holmes, I, 478, 479. No provisions at home had been made to pay the forces, relying on plun- der ; bills of credit, therefore, were resorted to, which were the first ever used in this country. Hutchinson, 1, 356, 357. t The derivation of the word Canada, being so curious it was thought that it would be pardonable to give it a place in this work. Mr. Bozman, in his excellent " Introduction to a History of Maryland," 34, says that it is a traditional re- port, that previous to the visiting of Newfoundland by Car- tier, in 1534, some Spaniards visited that coast in search of gold, but its appearance discouraged them, and they quitted it in haste crying out as they went on board their vessel, " Jlea nada, Aca nada," that is, in English, " There is noth- irg here." The Indians retained these words in their memo- ries, and afterward, when the French came to the country, they were saluted with the same words, and mistook them for the name of the country. And in time the first letter was lost, hence the name Canada. Something amounting to nearly the same thing may be seen in Mather's Magnalia, ■:i, 522. t John Walley, who had the command of the land forces, under Sir Willian Phips, against Canada. An entire jour- nal, kept by Walley, of that expedition, is preserved m Mitii Uiiliii 178 FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. ' '1 ti i '111' f|'i, that if he would not go himself in that expedition, that he would not hinder others. He answered the said Walley, that he should hinder none but his old soldiers, that used to go along with him, &,c. The said Church going down to Charlestown, to take his leave of some of his relations and friends, who were going into that expedition, promised his wife and family not to go into Boston, the small pox being very rife there. Coming to Charlestown, seve- ral of his friends in Boston came over to see him. And the next day after the said Church came there, Major Walley came to him, and informed him that the Governour and council wanted to speak with him. He answered him, that he had promised his wife and family not to go into Boston ; saying, [that] if they had any business, they could write to him, and that he would send them his answer. Soon after came over two other gentlemen with a message, that the Governour and council wanted to have some discourse with him. The answer return- ed, was, that he intended to lodge that night at the Greyhound, in Roxbury, and that in the morning, would come to Pollard'sf at the south end of Bos- ton, which accordingly he did. Soon after he came Hutchkn8on, Ap. 1, 470. He was judge of the supcriour court of Massachusetts, and a member of the council. The church of Bristol is indebted to him as one of its principal founders. He is represented, as possessing sweetness of spirit, msdom in council, and impartiality as a Judge. He died U Janua- ry, 1712, aged 68 years. • I find no mention of the Small Fox at this time in Boston by any author that I have consulted ; but in the History of Dorchester it is noted, page 24, " that from the first of April, 1690, unto the first of July, 1691, there died in Dorche«tf» 57 persons : 33 of them of the smallpox, the rest of a fever. Hence from its near vicinity to Boston, no doubt it was very prevalent there. [Having since seen in Mr. Snow's Huto- lyof Boston, that It did prevail there as mentioned in the text.] t A publick house, under this name, is yet known in Bos* ton, St the golden ball, Elm street. "^ «M i i,.u i ni]H i m i M i ilMJi JBiXiUHJ I lJUl nl i J lgWWW— Wfl«WI» Wl ARS. lat expedition, } answered the me but his old iin, &c. "harlestown, to ns and friends, I, promised his the small pox* irlestown, seve- er to see him. ch came there, trmed him that to speak with d promised his toston ; saying, could write to s answer, intlemen with a moil wanted to answer retum- lat night at the n the morning, iith end of Bos- n after he came he supcriour court ncil. The church >rincipal founders. I of spirit, wisdom He died 11 JanuE' this time in Boston t in the History of nthe first of April, ied in Dorchester tie rest of a fever. " 1 doubt it was very Mr. Snow's Histo- I mentioned in the yet known in B<»* FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 179 thither, received a letter from the honourable Cap- tain Sewall,* to request him to come to the council. The answer [that] he returned by the bearer was, that he thougnt there was no need of his hazarding himself so much as to come and speak with them ; not that he was afraid of his life, but because he had no mind to be concerned ; and further by reason [that] they would not hearken to him about the poor people of Casco. But immediately came Mr. Max- fieldf to him, saying, that the council bid him tell the said Church, that if he would take his horse and ride along the middle of the street, there might be no danger. They were then sitting in council. He bid [him]^ go and tell his masters not to trouble themselves whether he came upon his head or his feet, he was coming. However, thinking the re- turn was something rude, called him back to drink a glass of wine, and then he would go with him. So coming to the council, they were very thank- ful to him for his coming, and told him, that the oc- casion of their sending for him was, that there was a captive come in, who gave them an account, that the Indians were come down, and had taken posses- sion of the stone fort at Pejep8cot,t so that they 1 [them] • Stephen Sewall, I conclude this must be, who was com- mander of the fort at Salem. He was a brother of Judge Se- wall, and sustained several important offices. He married a daughter of the Rev. Mr. Mitchel of Cambridge, who had 17 children. He died about the 21 October, 1725, greatly re- spected and lamented. Eliot, N. E. Biog. 420. 1 1 learn nothing of this person. The name is common in Newhampshire. t A fall of water in the Androscoggin. What the true or- thography of this word is, is unknown to me. Sulliran ends it with a double t, and again alters to Pegypscott. Mather has it Pechypscot. Some authors write u instead of o in the termination. Thus the different ways are brought under the view of the reader, that he may employ which he chooseiL The stone fort was near the falls on the north side of the ii» ■ i KI i W^ 180 FRENCH AND INDIAN W IRS. m\ ill ^1* !l!!! wanted his advice and thoughts about me matter ; whether they would tarry and keep in the fort or not 9 and whether it were not expedient to send some forces to do some spoil upon them 1 and fur- ther to know whether he could not be prevailed with to raise some volunteers, and go, to do some spoil upon them 9 He answered them, [that] he was unwilling to be concerned any more ; it being very difficult and chargeable to raise volunteers, as he found by experience in the last expedition. But they using many arguments prevailed so tar with him, that if the government of Plymouth saw cause to send him, he would go ; thinking the expe- dition would be short. [He then] took his leave ot them and went home. In a short time after, there came an express from Governour Hinkley, to request Major Church to come to Barnstable to him, he having received a letter from the government of Boston to raise some forces to go eafrt. Whereupon the said Major Church went the next day to Barnstable, as ordered. Finding the Governour and some of the council ot war there, [who] discoursed [with] him ; [conclud- ed]i that he should take his Indian soldiers, and two English Captains, with what volunteers could be raised; and that one Captain should go out of Ply- mouth and Barnstable counties, and the other out oi Bristol county, with what forces he could raise ; concluding to have but few officers, to save charge. The said Church was at great charge and expense in raising of forces. Goverriour Hinkley promised that he would take care to provide vessels to tran- sport the said army, with ammunition and provisions, by the time prefixed by himself; for the govern- n^nt of Boston had obliged themselves by their let- 1 [concluding] ver. and wa^akcn in the spring oi this year, (1690) after the English had left it, rprohably.) It was 4 miles from the wa- ter» of Casco bay. SuUivan, 178, 9. U i i M n wf m il n.j i ' m v i mf * imp«wnMMfnnvp'7*n MRS. ut the matter ; in the fort or edient to send liem*? and fur- t be prevailed go, to do some 1, [that] he was ; It bemg very liunteers, as he dition. »revailed so far ■ Plymouth saw nking the expe- )ok his leave of m express from ajor Church to having received Boston to raise 1 the said Major able, as ordered, f the council of him; [conclud- soldiers, and two nteers could be Id go out of Ply- the other out of he could raise ; , to save charge, irge and expense [inkley promised e vessels to tran- )n and provisions, ; for the govern- jlves by their let- ear, (1690) after the 4 miles from the wa- FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 181 ter, to provide any thing that was wanting. So at the time prefixed. Major Church marched down all his soldiers out of Bristol county to Plymouth, as or- dered. And being come, found it not as he expect- ed ; for there were neither provisions, ammunition, or transports. So he immediately sent an express to the Governour, who was at Barnstable, to give him an account that he with the men were come to Plymouth, and found nothing ready. In his return to the said Church, [he] gave him an account of his disappointments, and sent John Lathrop* of Barnsta- ble in a vessel, with some ammunition and provi sion on board, to him at Plymouth; also sent hii word that there were more on board of Samuel Al- lingf of Barnstable, who was to go for a transport, and that he himself would be at Plymouth next day. But Ailing never came near him, but went to Bit-' lingsgate,! at Cape Cod, as he was informed. The Governour being come, said to Major Church, that he must take some of the open sloops, and make spar decks to them, and lay platforms for the soldiers to lie upon, which delays were very expensive to the said Church ;'his soldiers being all volunteers, daily 'ixpected to be treated by ' him, and the Indians al- ways begging for money to get drink. But he using his utmost diligence, made what despatch he could to be gone. Being ready to embark, received his • Probably, the ancestoi of some eminent men of later times in Massachusetts. He perhaps was the son of John Lathrop, who fled from England in the days of persecution, and afterward settled in Barnstable. The first John died in 1653. t It is thought that this name should have been written Allen. • No pains have been taken to ascertain any thing concerning \his person, but if what Dr. Mather says be cor- rect, he is a descendant of one Thomas Allen, who came to ihis country in 1638, and was afterward a minister in Charlestown. Eliot, 30. t In the town of Eastham. * X6 t' i 11' I 1 jm >,! '!H||4 ;;il it 182 FRENCH AND WDIAN WARS. commisaion, and instructions from Govemour Hink- ley, which are as follows. [The commiwion beinethe same as that for " » f*" «;'"',^^: tant matter., are omitted to give P'^ce to more interert intc information. It may be proper to notice the chief dif^ fefencen. No men of war vessels attended, nor wa^ Ch«ch directed to confer with any persons e^««Pt »»»« °*j5f '^ \^l eieht vmmdi per head over and above is not mentioned, and ^ siSonty by Governour Hinkley. Date, the same as that of the commission.] Now having a fair wind, Major Church soon got to Piscataqua.* [He]* was to apply himself to Ma- ior Pike,+ a worthy gentleman, who said, [thatj lie had Pdvice of his coming from Boston gentlemen; also, [that] he had received directions, that what men the said Church should want, must be raised out of Hampshire, out of the several towns and garrisons. Major Pike asked him, how many men he should wanti He said, enough to make up his forces that he brought with him, three hundred, at least, and not moii thpn three hundred and fifty. And so m aboi?: inne ,i .v; time, he was supplied with two com- mj^k ' r go! i ors. He having been at about ttomty smif'i,4 a Uay charge in expenses while there. Now J [who] ^ " "^Vhe country at the mouth of Pascataqua river went un- der the general name of Pascataqua, but since, the "ver only, is known by that name. The word was formerly , and some- limes lattefly, spelt as in the text, but an a should take the place oft. „ ) t Major Robert Pike was a person of dirtinction. «« ^aa 'Joog the first 28 counsellors appointed by e^arter./or th« province of Massachusetts bay. wV were to hojdthe.f office. Sntil May 1693, or until others should be chofen >» *«« stemd He might be the ancestor of the distinguished Nicho- £ P ke of Srsworth. to whom we are much indebted to ttebwt system of Arithmetick that has appeared. Anac- Swrtmigbt perhaps be found of the famAy in Newhamp- ■hire, for which I have not had an opportunity. ^ JP ARS. )vemour Hink- T the firit exp«di- September, '1690. I a few unimpor- I to more interest- (tice the chief dif- 1, nor was Church this officers. The ot mentioned, and Date, the same as (lurch soon got himself to Ma- said, [that] he iton gentlemen; ions, that what ist be raised out IS and garrisons, men he should his forces that i, at least, and ifty. And so in d with two com- at about ttoenty hile there. Now qua river went un- ince, the river only, brmerly, and some- 1 a should take the istinction. He wat by charter, for the to hold their offices be cholen in their istinguished Nicho* ! much indebted for appeared. An ae« mily in Newhimp- unity. •«« ai«t~ - ,„ „. .. . i . .. r. J.U.. -IJ.- . -1.-A.- . --•' ■ , "•'' V' ■ ""!' • "■"r " ""-i^ " M- "-" -~^'" ' -- ' '' ' JJ!M-''-'^-"-'- '' - L^^, ;2a)iii:»W£.-3afcf i^Kj'.'KaisUiit,' ._. 1^ mwiliiriiii I IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) // ^/ .^J^ A^>4^ 1.0 I.I us Uii 12.2 »f |i£ 12.0 L25 iu 11.6 Photographic Sciences Corporation 4>' 23 WIST MAIN STRUT WnSTIR.N.Y. USM (716) t71-4S03 CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CIHJVI/ICMH Collection de microfiches. Canadian Instituta for Historical IVIicroraproductions / Institut Canadian da microraproductlona hiatoriques ^ ' W».(-ii^j«!wm|yii|^ i j i wi»,iiini i jj iiijy< i j».in i jy ii ; -<>■ FRENCH AND lSl5l. IAN WARS. 183 he received Major Pike's instructions, wlach are as followeth. " Portsmouth, in JVewhampshire, Sept. 9, 1690, T\> Major Benjamin Church, Commander in Chief of thinr Majesties' forces, now designed upon the present expedition eastward, and now resident at Portsmouth. The Governour and council of the Massachusetts colony reposing great trust and confidence in your loyalty and valour, from experience of your former actions, and of God's presence with you in the same; in pursuance of an order, received from them com- manding it ; these are in their Majesties' names to empow«^r and require you, as commander in chief, to tak>3 inio your care and conduct these forces now here present at f;heir rendezvous at Portsmouth ; and they are alike required to obey you ; and with them to sail eastward by the first opportunity to Casco, or t>lace8 adjacent, that may be most commodious for anding with safety and secrecy; and to visit the French and Indians at their headquarters at Ameras- cogen, Pejepscot, or any other place, according as you may have hope or intelligence of the residence of the enemy; usmg always your utmost endeavour for the preservation of your own men, and the kill- ing, destroying, and utterly rooting out of the enemy, wheresoever tney may be found ; and also, as much as may possibly be done, for the redeeming or re- covering of our captives in any places. You being there arrived, and understanding your way, to take your journey back again, either by land or water, as you shall judge most convenient for the accomplishing of the end intended ; and to give in- telligence always of your motions, whensoever you can with safety and convenience. Lastly. In ail to consult your council, the com- manders or commiasion officers of your several com- t; II! ! '\ Mii)i;„m..i ' 4. i l l l l | B ii p i ,U ii i H,H I MUII,l l l | 'U BIirWWp W'Wt»»J.lil im FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. panies, when it may be obtained, the greater part of whom to determine. And so the Lord of hosts, the God of armies, go along with you, and be your con- duct. Given under my hand, the day and year above *""**' Per ROBERT PIKE." Being ready, they took the first opportunity, and made the best of their way to Pejepscot fort, where they found nothing. From thence they marched to Amerascogen,* and when they came near the fort, Major Church made a halt, ordering the Captains to draw out of their several companies sixty of their meanest men, to be a guard to the Doctor, and knap- sacks, being not a mile from said fort. And then moving towards the fort, they saw young Doney f and his wife, with two English captives. The said Doney made his escape to the fort, his wife was shot down, and so the two poor captives were released out of their bondage. The said Major Church and Captai n Walton j made • This river has its rise in Newhampshire and flowing east- ward enters Maine in about 44 d. 20 min, N. Mather, says this place where they had now arrived at, was 40 miles up the river. Mag. 528. Perhaps few words have been writ- ten more different ways, than this. The authors of the Newhampshire Oaaettecr prefer that, as in the text, ex- cept, that they double the g and change the last e into i. But people in general, that live on said river, adopt the better method of Androscoggin. t He was an Indian, and all we know of him is found in this history : except he be the one seized at Wells, mentioned by Mather, II, 545, and whose name is signed Robin Doney to the articles of peace at Pemmaquid in 1693. lb. 543. t Col. Shadrach Walton of Somersworth N. H. A brave and valuable officer. In th? long wars that followed, he rendered important services. *» recount his actions would be to write a narrative, much beyond the limits of a note. More particulars of him may be found in Penhallow'shistorr, in I Newhampshire Hist. Soc, Collections, than in any oth- er work extant. He was with Col. March, in 1707, in an unsuccessful attempt on Portroyal. Here he fought a body «»,i.)i..«iiAii.,in.«jJ rreater part of i of hosts, the 1 be your con- ind year above 2RT PIKE." portunity, and ;ot fort, where ey marched to near the fort, he Captains to sixty of their :tor, and knap- rt. And then ng Doneyf and rhe said Doney was shot down, eleased out of WaltonJ made and flowing east- S. Mather, says , was 40 miles up i have been writ- e authors of the in the text, ex- the last e into t. r, adopt the better im is found in this ells, mentioned by 1 Robin Doney to . lb. 643. » N. H. A brave that followed, he his actions would I limits of a note, mhallbw'shistorr, , than in anj; otn- :h, in 1T07, in an he fought a body FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 185 BO Stop, making the best of their way to the fo.M with some of the army, in hopes of getting to the fort before young Doney ; but the river through vvhich they must pass, being as deep as their arm- pits. However Major Church as soon as he was got over, stripped to his shirt and jacket, leaving nis breeches behind, ran directlv to the fort, having an eye to see if young Doney (who ran on the other side of the river,) should get there before him. The wind now blowine very hard in their faces, as they ran, was some help to them ; for several of our men fired guns, which they in the fort did not hear, so that we^had taken all in the fort, had it not been for ust before we did. out at the north, one. [TheyPall ran directly down to the ^reat river and nills. The said Church and his forces being come pretty near, he ordered the said Walton to run directly with some forces into the fort, and himself with the rest, ran down to the river, after the enemy, who ran some of them into the river, and the rest under the great falls. Those who ran into the river were killed ; for he saw but oc j man get over, and he only crept up the bank, and there lay in open sight. And those that ran under the falls, they made no discovery of, notwithstanding several of his men went' in under the said falls, and were gone come considerable time, [but] coudd not find them. So leaving a watch there, returned up to the fort, where he found but one man 1 [who] « [who] i of the enemy and put them to flight, being the onlyr field offi- cer then on shore. Again in 1710, he rendered important service at the same place, when it was taken by the arma- ment under CoL Nicholson. In a note to page 119, in Pen- hallow's history it is remarked that " He was dismissed bmn service" ^in 1735) "and was succeeded by Col. Thomaa Westbrook." But on what account he was dismissed, wheth- er ttook age or misconduct is unknown to me. He is men- tiAPi^no more in Penhallow's history. 16* " I l l I I I Mi.fiim ^iimimtmmmfim' 186 FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. ' taken, and several women and children ; amongst whom were Captain Hakins'* wife and Worumbos'f wife, the sachem of that fort, with their children. The said Hakina was sachem of Pennacook,| who dc- * Hawkins or Hogkins. This sachem had been treated with neglect by Governour Granfield, which in part may ac- count for his enmity to the English. He made a treaty with them in 1685, which perhaps, was broken more through the nr- (^igence of the Enghsh than the wish of Hogkins. He appears to nave learned so much of the English language as to pre- tend to write and read. Four letters from under his hand are preserved in Belknap, I, Appendix, No. XLII, &«. One of which, as a cariosity, is here printed. "Jlfoy 15, 1685. Honour Mr. Governor, Now this day I com your house, I want se you, and i bring my hand at before you I want shake hand to yon if your worship when please then you receve my hand tnen shake your hand and my hand. You my friend because I remem- ber at old time wnen lire my grant father and grant mother then Englishmen com this country, then my grant father and Englishmen they make a good govenant, they friend allways, my grant father leving at place called Malamake rever, oth- er name chef Natukkog and Panukkog, that one rever great many names, and I bring you this few skins |it this first time 1 will give you ray friend. This all Indian hand. JOHN X HAWKINS, Sagamore." This letter is the best written of the four, and are all very similar. I copy it precisely as I find it in Belknap. Two of the others are signed John Hogkifu, and one, JIfr. John ffigkiai, the last has no datto; and one is dated 16 May, and the other two the 15, both having 14 signers beside IfogMw, who, it is probable, were his principal men. The name of Hogkins or rather Hawkins he received from some English- man. His Indian nan>.e was Hancamagus. See N. H. Hist. Soc. Col. I, 221. t A sachem of the Androscoggins. He wis with Madoka- wando in the celebrated attack on Storer's garrison at Wells, an account of which may be seen in a succeeding note. X The country on the Merrimak« river, including the pre- sent town of Concord, and the lands above and below, but how far, cannot be told ; as those people never set any par- tieolar bounds to their country, that we know of. See Far- mer's account of the Pennacodk Indians, in N. H. Hist. Soc. CoL I, 218. The word should be spelt as in the text, but I iMMliUH&wMlwiilailH^^ dfaiUMIiiMMMi -. ;.J i p| i |. i i<| ipwB^PWy;|l|pi LR9. ren; among:w of. See Far- N. H. Hist. Soc. in the text, but' FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS- 187 as stroyed Major Walden and his family, some time before, &c. The said two women, viz. Hakins' and Wonmibos' wives requested the said Church, that he would spare them and their children's lives ; promising upon that condition, [that] he should have all the captives that were taken, and in the Indians' hands. He asked them how many 1 They said, about four score. So, upon that condition, he promised them their lives, &.C. In the said fort there were several English cap- tives, who were in a miserable condition. Amongst them was Captain Hucking's* wife, of Oyster river.f Major Church proceeded to examine the man, taken, who, gave him an account, that most of the fighting men were gone to Winterharbour,t to pro- vide provisions for the bay of Fimdy^ Indians, who the author just cited, leaves out one n. Sullivan writes Pen- nycook. Belknap, whom many, justly in most respects, fol low, Mfrites it as in the text, with the' omission of one n, ai does Mather, whom he follows. • Hucking's garrison was taken, about the last of August, 1689, in which were a few women and boys. The Indians had been in ambush for a number of days, until they had as- certained how many men belonged to the garrison, then as they all went out into the field one day, the Indians cut off their retreat, and killed them all excepting one, who escap- ed, being 18 in all. They then went to the garrison and de- manded a surrender, but the bws at first refused, andlMme fighting was done ; at length they surrendered on terms of life, Stc. The assailants found means to fire the garrison, which hastened the surrender. Mather, Mag. II, 515. This woman is supposed to be the wife of the owner of the gar- rison. t Now Durham. The country thereabout, was formerly known by this name. * t At ihe mouth of Saco river in Maine. § A large bay, sometimes called Frenchman's bay, contain- ing the island Mountdesert, 8 or 10 miles to the eastward of the mouth of Penobscot river. Sullivan, 57, informs us, that it took the name of Frenchman's bay, from this circuinstance. That with Demotte came over to America one Nicholas D'Aubri, a French ecclesiastic of respectability, who went on shore on the west side of the bay, and wandering into the m ft i^i iimSiiiiimiiii»Mmtii I I .mni i iu i innj i u iii i i .y ii i i i nwp i i i ' I » i ij i it i M« i .wwu i »jMjiw> »w»ww»i»»f<|W>y^iiWi'>iwiWy' 188 FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. were to come and join with them to fight the English. The soldiers being very rude, would hardly spare the Indian's life, while in examination ; intending when he had done, that he should be executed. But Cap- tain Hucking's wife, and another woman, down on their knees, and begged for him, saying, that he had been a means to save their lives, and a great many more ; and had helped several to opportunities to run away, and make their escape ; and that never, since he came amongst them, had fought against the English, but being related to Hakins' wife, kept at the fort with them, having been there two years ; but his living was to the westward of Boston. So, upon their request, his life was spared, &c. Next day the said Church ordered that all their corn should be destroyed, being a great quantity ; saving a little for the two old squaws, which he de- signed to leave at the fort, to give an account vvho he was, and from whence he came. The rest being knocked on the head, except the aforementioned, for an exaftjple ; ordering them all to be buried. Having inquired where all their best beaver was 1 they ?aid [that] it was carried away to make a pre- sent to the bay of Fundy Indians, who were coming to their assistance. Now being ready to draw off from thence, he called the two old squaws to him, and gave each of them a kettle, and some biscuit, bidding them to tell the Indians, when they came home, that he was known by the name of Captain Church, and lived in the westerly part of Plymouth government ; and that those Indians that came with him were formerly ■ King Philip's men, and that he had met with them in Philip's war, and drawn them off from him, to woods in search of curiosities, was left by the boat to his fate. After three weeks he was found by a boat from the same ves- sel, almost emaciated. From which circumstance it receiv- ed the above appellation. But the waters between Nova- scotia and the main are generally understood to make the bay oC Fundy. W" KR9. ttthe English, irdly spare the tending when ed. But Cap- man, down on g, that he had a great many tportunities to nd that never, ;ht against the i' wife, kept at two years ; but on. So, upon that all their reat quantity ; , which he de- account who rhe rest being brementioned, to be buried. , beaver was "? make a pre- 1 were coming »m thence, he [ gave each of ng them to tell , that he was h, and lived in lent ; and that were formerly net with them r from him, to le boat to bis fate, ■om tbe same ves- istance it receir- 8 between Nova- }od to make the H I UJJ I M| ll FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 189 fight for the English, against the said Philip, and his associates, who then promised him to fight for the English, as long as they had one enemy left. And said, that ' ^ley did not question, but before Indian corn was ripe to have Philip's head ;'* notwithstand- ing [Fhilipji had twice as many men as were in their country ; and that theyf had killed and taken one thousand three hundred and odd of Philip's men, women and children, and Philip himself, with several other sachems, &c. ; and that they should tell Ha- kins and Worumbos, that if they had a mind to see Jfeir wives and children, they should come to WellsJ garrison, and that there they micht hear of them, &c. Major Church having done, moved with all his forces down to Mequait,'^ where the transports were, (but in the way some of his soldiers threatened the Indian man prisoner very much, so that in a thick swamp, he gave them the slip and got away) and Uhe] . • See Philip's war, page 82. ~ t The English. t Webhannet was the Indian name of Wells. This town IS on the sea board about half way between York and Saco, being IS miles from the former. Storer's garrison was in this town, which was near where the old meeting house stood, and nearly half a mile south of the present place of {ittblick worship, and was standing since the year 1760. Sul- ivan, 2S6. The town suffered greatly by the savages. About 600 French and Indians made a desperate attempt o", the garrison, in May, 1691, and though it had but 15 men, > the valour of the commander, Captain Converse, and thu few, they were repulsed. A sloop happened to arrive just before the engagement, which was a help to them, although they fought on board their vessels. A flag was sent to Capt. Converse, to persuade him to surrender ; at his re- Auing, the officer said, " We will cut you up as fine as tobac- co before to-morrow morning.'* He bid them " come on for he wanted work." Magnalia, II, 533. § A small bay or cove in Casco bay. It is generally wrif- ten Maquoit. Mather, and after him B<^lknap wrote Mac- quoit. \\Vi ^•UiSigmtmk jU^MJii* fi m i i U M0 t ^ )mn9 mia, - ' ' ' ii<>«wwf«inpscot fort, II to t>f the enemy's 5 up the river, e canoe] , about two miles I should be spelt I in the Saco. uoit bay. , FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 191 [They]' returned, and said [that] they saw nothing But our old tracks at the said fort, <&c. Now having got some plunder, one of the Cap- tains* said [that] it was time to go home, and seve- ral others were of the same mind. The Major be- ing much disturbed at this motion of theirs, expect- ing the enemy would come in a very short time, where they might have a great advantage of them, &,c. Notwithstanding all he coufd say, or do, he was obliged to call a council, according to his instruc- tions, wherein he was outvoted. The said conunan- der seeing [that] he was put by of his intentions, proffered, [that] if sixty men would stay with him, he would not embark as yet ; but all he could say or do, could not prevail. Then they moved to the ves- sels, and embarked, and as they were going in the vessels, on the back side of Mayr point,f they discov- ered eight or nine canoes, who turned short about, and went up the river ; being the same Indians that the Major e](pected, and would have waited for. The aforesaid Captain being much disturbed at what the Major had said to him, drew off from the fleet, and in the night ran aground. In the morning Anthony Bracket, having been advised and directed by the Indian that had made his esc&pe from our forces, came down near where the aforesaid vessel lay aground, and got aboard. [He]' has proved a good pilot tmd Captain for his country. The next day being very calm and misty, » [who] 8 [who] * From what follows we may suppose this to be one of the Captains from Plymouth government. But as there were two, we cannot be positive which was meant, and but one is named : yet, another circumstance might induce us to sap- pose a Newhampshire Captain is meant, were it not said that the Plymouth forces sailed first. t What, in Sullivan's history, it is thought, is called Mer- ryconea£. It is a point iti the cast part of Casco bay. Mtr tber cftlls it Mares point, II, 557. '|i*l^ t i?;1 i [,i •^m mm* 193 FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. so that they were all day getting down from Maquait to Perpodack,* and the masters of the vebsels think- ing it not safe putting out in the night, so late in the year, anchored there. [— ]> The vessels being much crowded, the Major ordered that three comi>a- nies should go on shore, and no more. Himself with Captain Conversef went with them to order their lodging. And finding just houses convenient for them, vii., two barns and one house; [and]' seeing them all settled, and their watches out, the Major and Captain Converse returned to go on board.. And coming near where the boat was, it was pretty ii » t> ii j ' iiJ! i i i it 'ARS. I from Maquait e vebsels think- ight, so late in e vessels being It three coini>a- nore. Himself them to order iscs conv<;nient house; [and]' atches out, the ned to go On ie boat was, it le men, but did The Major or- I to clap down out, and asked aid, "Indians." ire t They said, d them where , " In those lit- nrhen they took must not make would be upon and said, "Our em their direc- tnt on board the "[so] 8 miles from Port- ring point, iguished partizan. r country than he. ig the garriMn at , the history of this erate whicn would tgnalia,II,539, &c. } taking a garrison iTillebon'ii war seve- :arried into captivi- mumthmis^ FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 193 Mary sloop, designing to write home, and send uwav in the morning tno two sloops which had the Hmallpox on board, d:c. Qut before dav our Indians began to make fires, and to sing and dance. So the Major called to Captain Southworth to go ashore and lodk after his men, for the enemy would be upon them by and by. He ordered the boat to be hauled up, to carry him luhore, and called Captain Converse to go with him ; and just as the day began to appear, as the Major was getting into the boat to go ashore, the enemy fired upon our men, (the Indians) notwithstanding that one Philip, an Indian of ours, who was out up- on the watch, heard a man cough, and the sticks crack, [and]' gave the rest an account, that he saw Indians, which they would not believe ; but said to him, " Yoa are afraid." His answer was, that they might see them come creeping. They laughed and said, [that] they were hogs. " Ah," said he, " and they will bite you by and by." So presently they did fire upon our men. But the morning being mis- ty, their guns did not go off quick, so that our men had all time to fall down before their guns went off, and saved themselves from that volley, except one man, who was killed. This sudden firing upon our Indian soldiers, sur- prised them [so,] that they left their arms, but soon recovered them again, and got down the bank, which was but low. The Major, with all the forces on board landed as fast as they could, the enemy firing smartly at them ; however all got safe ashore. The enemy had a great advantage of our forces, who were between the sun's rising and the enemy, so that if a man put up his head or hand they could see it, and would fire at it. However, some, with the Major, got ilp the hank, behind stumps and rocks, to have the advantage of firing at tite enemy. But when the sun was risen, thn Major slipped » [who] 17 ^ I ' V ^ * \h ViJN» W i pNPl w^ ' ^ H W ."'^ '^ ■1 i i 194 FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. down the bank again, where all the forces were or- dered to observe his motion, viz., that he would give three shouts, and then all of them should run with him up the bank. , • , u . ru^i «.n So, when he had given the third shout, [he] ran up the bank, and Captain Converse with him, but ivhen the said Converse perceived that the forces did not follow, as commanded, called to the Major and told him [that] the forces did not follow. [He,] notwithstanding the enemy fired smartly at him, got safe down the bank again ; and rallying the forces up the bank, soon put the enemy to flight. And tol- lo^ving them so close, that they took thirteen cancK^s and one lusty man, who had Joseph ftamsdel^ scalp by his side. [He]* was taken by two of our Indians, and having his deserts, was himself scalped. This being a short and smart fight, some ol our men were killed and several wounded. Sometime after, an Englishman, who was prisoner amongst them, gave an account, that our forces had killed and ?vounded several of the enemy, for they killed seve- ral prisoners according to custom, Aic. . , , After this action was over, our forces embarked for Piscataqua. The Major went to Wells, and re- moved the Captain there, and put m Captain Andros, who had been with him; and knew the discourse left with the two old squaws at Amerascogen, for Hakins and Worumbos to come there in fourteen days, it thev had a mind to hear of their wives and children ; ' who did then, or soon after come with a fla^ uce to said Wells garrison, and had leave tocome^m,and more appearing came in, to the number of eight Tw^thout any terms) being all chief Sachems. rThey]' were very glad to hear of the women and chddren, vil, Hakins and Worumbos' wives and children. fTliey]* all said three several times that they would 1 [who] 2 r,vho1__3jand] < [who] ■-T^ili^^:^7^\Al^uVc^o<^i amonTmost of the Indian na- tions, to kill as many prisoners as they lost in battle. "^•*^>IMlJl'-ffl ■ - ,1, i^ilflSf *iiMii cri WARS. B forces were or- , that he would them should run rd shout, [he] ran rse with him, but ;hat the forces did to the Major, and n follow. [He,]* nartly at him, got ying the forces up flight. And fol- ik thirteen canoes, h ftamsdel's scalp ivo of our Indians, f scalped. Sght, some of our mded. Sometime mer amongst them, IS had killed and »r they killed seve- * &c. r forces embarked to Wells, and re- in Captain Andros, V the discourse left scogen, for Hakins I fourteen days, if ivives and children ; with a fla^ uce lave to come in, and 5 number of eight, r Sachems. FThey]' omen and children, /ives and children, nes that they would rl] * [who] most of the Indian n«- lost in battle. ^ffSi ."^jiii FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 195 never fight against the English any more, for the French made fools of them, &c. They saying as they did, the said Andros let them go. Major Church being come to Piscataqua, and two of his transports having the small pox on board, and several of his men having got great colds by their hard service, pretended [that] they were going to have the small po.\; thinking by that means to be sent home speedily. The Major being willing to try them, went to the gentlemen there, and desired them to provide a house ; for some of his men expected [that] they should have the small pox ; which [they] rea.dily did, and told him, that the people belonging to it were just recovered of the small pox, and had been all at meeting, &c. The Major returning to his officers, ordered them to draw out all their men that were going to have the small pox, for he had provided an hospital for them. So they drew out seventeen men, that had as they said all the symptoms of the small pox. He ordered them all to follow him, and coming to the house, he asked them how they liked it? They said, "Very well." Then he told them that the people in the said house, had all had the small pox, and were re- covered ; and that if they went in, they must not come out till they [had] all had it. Whereupon they all presently began to grow better, and to make excuses, except one man who desired to stay out till night before he went in, «fec. The Major going to the gentlemen, told them, thlt one thing more would work a perfect cure upon hfs men, which was to let them go home ; which did work a cure upon all, except one, and he had not the small pox. So he ordered the plunder to be divided forthwith, and sent away uil the Plymouth forces. But the gentlemen tiiere desired him to stay, and they would be assisting to him in raising new forces, to the number of what was sent uway ; and that they would send to Boston for provisions, "which they did" i m -^■■*i !-M ■■^WiWi I I 'f^iig^ ^ * ii i> . i u) gi ,w t ill i m in m *m 1 1 L i J »P " 1% FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. and sent Captain Plaisted* to the Governour and council at Boston, dtc. And in the mean time, the Major with those gen- tlemen went into all those parts, and raised a suffi- cient number of men, both officers and soldiers. [TheyP all met at the bankf on the same day that Captain Plaisted returned from Boston. [The]' re- turn from the Boston gentlemen was, that the Canada expedition had drained them so that they could do no more. So that Major Church, notwithstanding he had been at considerable expenses in raising said forces to serve his King and country, was obliged tn give them a treat and dismiss them. Taking his leave of them, [he] came home to Boston in the Mary sloop, Mr. Aldenf master, and Captain Con- verse with him, on a Saturday. And waiting upon the Governour, and some of the gentlemen in Boston, they looked very strange upon them, which not only • -oubled them, but put them in some consternation ; [wondering] what the matter should be, that after s(» much toil and hard service, [they] could not have 1 [who] 3 [whose] • The name of Plaisted is found in the earlier and later wars as well as in this. A letter from Roger Plaisted to Mai. Waldron, who was killed at Salmon falls, 1675, show- ing his desperate situation, is printed in Hubbard, 281. Whether this was a son or not is not known to me, but from the author just cited should conclude that it was not. Per- haps he was a near connexion. In 1712, a Mr. Plaisted was taken at Wells, and ransomed for 800 pounds. t By the bank I suppose is meant, that part of the town of Portsmouth, including Church hill, formerly called Straw- be. ry bank, and was a general appellation for the town. t The same mentioned further on, as old Mr. Aldcn, and Capt. / 'den. He lived at Boston, and was one of the accus- ed in the celebrated witch age, and was committed to prison by Hawthorn and Gidney, 31 May, 1692, where he remained 15weeks-, at the end of which time he made his escape. He afterwards returned, and none appearing aKainst him, wax cleared. See Calef's "More Wondcra of the Inrisible World," 2 10 to 214. i tVARS. Governour and with those gen- rid raised a suffi- rs and soldiers, le same day that ton. [TheP re- , that the Canada at they could do notwithstanding es in raising said , was obliged tn •in. Taking his Boston in the id Captain Con- id waiting upon lemen in Boston, 1, which not only le consternation ; 1 be, that after so I could not have whose] E earlier and later ti Roger Plaisted to n falls, 1675, show- in Hubbard, 281. wn to me, but from at it was not. Per- a Mr. Plaisted was unds. ; part of the town of uerly called StraW- in for the town, jld Mr. Aldcn, and ras one of the accus- tommitted to prison , where he remained ade his escape. He ng asainst him, waii r» or the Invisible FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 197 so much as one pleasant word, nor any money in their pockets; for Major Church had but eight pence left, and Captain Converse none, as he said afterwards. Major Church seeing two gentlemen, which he knew had money, asked them to lend him forty ahU- Wn^«, telling them his necessity, yet they refused. So being bare of money, was obliged to lodge at Mr. Alden^s three nights. The next Tuesday morn- mg Captain Converse came to him, (not knowing each others circumstances as yet) and said, [that] he would walk with him out of town. So coming near Pollard's at the south end, they had some discourse. [Observed,] that it was very hard that they should part with dry lips. Major Church told Captain Con- verse that he had but eight pence left, and could not borrow any money to carry him home, and the said Converse said, that he had not a penny left ; so they were obliged to part without going to Pollard's, &c. The said Captain Converse returned back into town, and the said Church went over to Roxbury ; and at the tavern he met with Stephen Braton of Rhodeisland, a drovei^ who was glad to see him, (the w? ^'*'""*'*') *"** he as glad to see his neighbour. Whereupon Major Church called for an eight penny tankard of drink, and let the said Braton know his circumstances, [and] asked him whether he would lend \H.m forty ahiUtngs'? He answered, «' Yea, forty pounds if he wanted it." So he thanked him, and said [that] he would have but forty shiUings, which he freely lent him. Presently after Mr. Church was told that his bro- ther, Caleb Cjiurch of Watertown, was coming with a spare horse for him, (having heard the night before that his brother was come in.) By which meansthe said Major Church got home. And for all his travel and expenses in raising soldiers, and service done, never had but fowrtam pounds of Plymouth gentle- men, and not a penny of Boston ; notwithstanding he had worn out all [of J his clothes, and run himself in 17* m irts ^!ii <' ^ rr .V' -jf \j-t H 'j W^Jf— f>WW;^! 198 FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. debt, so that he was obliged to sell half a share of land in Tiverton, for about sixty pounds, which is now* worth three hundred pounds more and above what he had. Having not been at home long before he found out the reason why Boston gentlemen looked so disaf- fected on him. As you may see by the sequel of two letters, [which] Major Church sent to the gentlemen in the eastward parts, which are as foUoweth. " JJmfof, JVbycmftcr 27, 1690. Worthy Gentlemen, ' According to my promise when with you last, I waited upon the Governour at Boston on Saturday, Captain Converse being with me. The Governour informed us that the council were to meet on the Monday following in the afternoon, at which time w(; both there waited upon them, and gave them an ac- count of the state of your country, and great neccs- .sities. They informed us, that their general court was to convene the Wednesday following, at whicii time they would debate and consider of the matter. Myself being bound home. Captain Converse was ordered to wait upon them, and bring you their re- solves. I then took notice of the council that they looked upon me with an ill aspect, not judging me worthy to receive thanks for the service I had done in your parts; nor as much as asked me whether 1 wimted money to bear my expenses, or a horse t<) carry me home. But I was forced, for want of money, being far from friends, to eo to Roxbury on foot ; but meeting there with a Rhodeisland gentle- man, acquainted nim of my wants, who tendered me ten pounds, whereby I was accommodated for my journey home. And being come home, I went to • About 1716. d LR8. lif a share of %ds, which ia re and above ! he found out oked so disaf- sequel of two he gentlemen oweth. j6cr27, 1690. th you last, I on Saturday, lie Governour » meet on the vhich time w«; e them an ac- 1 great neccs- general court ing, at which >f the matter. Converse was ; you their re- mcil that they t judging me ce I had done me whether 1 or a horse to , for want of Roxbury on 'island gentle- [> tendered me dated for my ne, I went to FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 199 the minister of our town,* and gave him an account uf the transactions of the great affairs I had been em- ployed in, and the great favour God was pleased to show me, and my company, and the benefit I hoped would accrue to yourselves ; and desired him to re- turn publick thanks ; but at the same interim of time a paper was presented unto him from a court of Ply- mouth, which was holden before I came home, to command a day of humiliation through th*) whole government, " because of the frown of God upon those forces sent under my command, and the ill suc- cess we had, for want of good conduct." All which was caused by those false reports which were posted home by those ill affected officers that were under my conduct ; especially one, which yourselves very well know, who had the advantage of being at home a week before me, being sick of action, and wanting the advantage to be at the bank, which he was every day mindful of more than fighting the enemy in their own country. " After I came home, being informed of a general court at Plymouth, and not forgetting my faithful promise to you, and the duty I lay under, I went thither. Where waiting upon them I gave them an account of my Eastward transactions, and made them sensible of the falseness of those reports that were posted to them by ill hands, and found some small favourable acceptance with them ; so far that I was credited. I presented your thanks to them for their seasonably sending those forces to relieve you, of the expense and charge they had been at ; which thanks they gratefully received ; and said a few lines from yourselves would have been well ac- cepted. I then gave them an account of your great necessities, by being imprisoned in your garrisons, and the great mischief that would attend the pub- • Bristol. The Rev. Samuel Lee, I guspect, was then the iiiinister, as he did not leave America until sometime the next year. See note 4, page sii, • H',! fi^- fi , mmmm 200 FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. lick concerns of this country by the loss of their Majesties' interest, and so much good estate of your s and your neighbours, as doubtless would be, on the deserting of your town. I then moved for a free contribution for your relief, which they with great forwardness promoted; and then ordered a day of thanksgiving through the government upon the twentysixth day of this instant. Upon which day a collection was ordered for your relief, and the places near adjacent, in every respcAive town in this government ; and for the good management ol it that it might be safely conveyed unto your hands, they appointed a man in each county for the receipt and conveyance thereof. The persons nominated and accepted thereof, are, for the county of Ply- . mouth. Captain Nathaniel Thomas, of Marshfield ; for the county of Barnstable, Captain Joseph Lathrop, of Barnstable; and for the county of Bristol, mysell. Which when gathered, you will have a particular account from each person, with orders of advice how it may be disposed of for your best advantage, with a copy of the court's order.* The gentlemen [that] the effects are to be sent to, are yourselves that I now write to, viz., John Wheelwright, Esq., Captain John Littlefield, and Lieutenant Josepii Story. I deferred writing, expecting every day to hear from you concerning the Indians, coming to treat about their prisoners that we hud taken. The discourse I made with them at Ameresscogen, 1 knew would have that effect as to bring them to a treaty, which I would have thought myself happy to have been improved in, knowing that it would hav(! made much for your good. But no intelligence coming to me from any g entleman in your part s. • The people of Connecticut were forward, also, in con- tributing to those distressed inhabitants. A contribution was ordered by the general court throughout the colony, and the clergy were directed to exhort the people to liberal con- tributions for these charitable purposes. Hist. Con. 1, Wl . -^?!S-« gi£ 1 Mt W ia'ffl ! t>i ! r. ' h\ B loss of their estate of your's would be, on 1 moved for a lich they with [ien ordered a vrernment upon Upon which relief, and the dtive town in nanagement of ito your hands, for the receipt ona nominated county of Ply- of Marshfield ; foseph Lathrop, Briatoi, myself, ve a particular ders of advice )est advantage. The gentlemen , are yourselves eel Wright, Esq., [itenant Joaeph ig every day to ians, coming to ud taken. The imeresscogen, 1 bring them to a myself happy to It it would have no intelligence in your parts. ward, also, in con- A contribution DUt the colony, and oule to liberal con- Hist. Con. I, S97. ':T esaiswi i E ' JSis^sfi..": ' . :: . ■■^1l»l|W|y|l > i j III II J I FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 20 ( bnd hearing nothing but by accident, and that in the latter end of the week by some of ours coming from Boston, informed me that the Indians had come into your town to seek for peace ; and that there was to be a treaty speedily ; but the time ihey knew not. I took my horse, and upon the Monday set out for Boston, expecting the treaty had been at your town, as rationally it should ; but on Tuesday ni^ht coming to Boston, I there met with Captain Elisha Andros, who informed me that the place of treaty was Sacatyhock,* and that Captain Alden was gone from Boston four days before I came there, and had carried all the Indian prisoners with him ; and that all the forces were drawn away out of your parts, except twelve men in your town, and twelve in Piscataqua, which news did so amuse me, to see, that wisdom was taken from the wise, and such imprudence in their actions as to be deluded by Indians. To have a treaty so far from any Eng- lish town, and to draw off the forces upton what pre- tence soever, to me looks very ill. My fear is that they will deliver those we have taken, which, if kept, would have been greatly for your security, in keeping them in awe, and preventing them from doing any hostile action or mischief. I knowing that the English being abroad are very earnest to go home, and the Indians are very tedious in- their discourses ; and by that means will have an advan- tage to have their captives at very low rates, to your great damage.f Gentlemen, as to Rhodeisland, • Sagadahock. On the south side of Kennebcck river, 20 miles southwest of Pemmaqued. Hubbard. t The treaty here alluded to, was agreed upon by those sachems that came into " Wells garrison," mentioned on page 194, " with a flag of truce." Major Hutchinson and Capt. Townsend went from Boston to Wells, as commission- ers, and after some time, a conference was agreed upon at Sagadahock, 23 November. They met according to ap- pointment and a truce only, was obtained, and that till 1 May, ii«i <1' ii^l" 1 -■iirilrr'-iiri- ■M^ilinV^^l '^'■'^'A ' i riiiftlMiBiJMIh^... ^i^Si - t M ' It- Ill — 202 FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. I have not concerned myself as to any relief for you, having nothing in writing to show to them ; yet, upon discourse with some gentlemen there they have signified a great forwardness to promote such a thing. I lying under great reflections from some of yours in the eastward parts, that I was a very covetous person, and came there to enrich my- self, and that I killed their cattle and barrelled them up, and sent them to Boston, and sold them for E hinder, and made money to put into my own poc- et ; and the owners of them being poor people begged for the hides and tallow, with tears in their eyes; and that I was so cruel as to deny them I which makes me judge myself incapable to serve you in that matter ; yet, I do assure you, that the people are very charitable at the island, and forward ui such good actions ; and therefore, I advise you to desire some good substantial person to take the ma- nagement of it, and write to the government there, which I know will not be labour lost. As for what I am accused of, you all can witness to the contra- ry, and I should take it very kindly from you to do me that just right, as to vindicate my reputation.; for the wise man says, " A good name is as precious ointment." When I hear of the effects of the trea- ty, and have an account of this contribution, I in- tend again to write to you, being very desirous, and should think myself very happy, to be favoured with a few lines from yourself, or any gentleman m the eastward parts. Thus leaving you to the protec- tion and guidance of the great God of Heaven and earth, who is able to protect and supply you in your great difficulties, and to give you deliverance in his .;wn due lime. I remain, gentlemen, your most as- sured friend, to serve you to my utmost power. BENJAMIN CHURCH." However, 10 captives were redeemed, and at the end ofthe truce they were to bring the rest to Wells, and make a final peace. Magnalia, it, 539, " ■ * km-Mi»it1 > « tt ' !'-¥P K i»''\n »W l f>' ' ^^ ^ ■ j i wmii WARS. to any relief for show to them ; gentlemen there dncss to promote : reflections from arts, that I was a ere to enrich my- nd barrelled them ad sold them for nto my own poc- king poor people vith tears in their IS to deny them ! ncapable to serve lure you, that the stand, and forward re, I advise you to )n to take the ma- government there, lost. As for what less to the contra- indly from you to ate my reputation.; lame is as precious jffccts of the trea- contribution, I in- very desirous, and be favoured with gentleman in the ou to the protec- rod of Heaven and supply you in your deliverance in his nen, your most as- itmost power. [IN CHURCH." and at the end of the < Wells, and make a FRENCW \ND INDIAN WARS. 203 " Postscript. Esquire Whocilwright.* Sir, I en treat you, after your pcrunal of these lines, to com- municate the same to Captain John Littlcfield,f Lieutenant Joseph Story, and to any other centle- men, as in your judgment you see fit ; with the ten- der of my respects to you, &c., and to Major Vaughan, and his good lady and family. To Cap- tain Fryer, and good Mrs. Fryer, with hearty thanks for their kindness whilst in those parts, and good entertainment from them. My kind respects to Ma- jor Frost, Captain Walton, Lieutenant Honeywel, and my very good friend little Lieutenant PInisted ; with due respects to all gentlemen, my friends in the eastward parts, as if particularly named. Farewell. f B. C. " To Major Pike. Honoured Sir, Bristol, Nov. 27, 1690. These come to wait upon you, to bring the ten- ders of my hearty service M yourself, and lady, with due acknowledgment of thankfulness for all the kindness, and favour I received from you in the east- ward parts, when with you. Since I came from * A 8on, it if presumed, or the Rev. John Wheelwrieht, of whom so much has been said and written concerning An- tinomian principles and land titles. Being contented^with the history of the father, f have not disturbed the ashes of the son. The venerable ancestor held a deed of certain lands in Exeter, N. H., from certain Indian Sagamores un- der date, 1639, the " authenticity" of which, ha-- of late, been examined by two able criticks. The late Governour Plumer of N. H., first endeavoured to vindicate its genuineness, and James Savage of Boston, seems to have pro\ ed the contrary. The deed may be seen in I Belknap, Anp. No. I. Govern- our Plumer's argument in N. H. Hist. Soc. Col. 299. And that of Mr. Savage in his edition of Winthrop's Journal, I, 413. • t A Lieut. Littlefield is named by Penhallow, 71, as being slain in 1713, at Wells. It might be he. '■31 1 1 ' '' In m 1 HK^iKI i 1^ fln •lift: IS f j. ., If:, IS 1 , 1' ■ i r -If i u ',1- \^M i' '( lit : ■ ^ ■ »\t ti iittJufi'V'fiisir.i:^ f^ 204 FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. those parts, I am informed by Captain Andros, that yourself and most all the forces, are drawn off from the eastward parts. I admire at it, considering that they had so low esteem of what was done, that they can apprehena the eastward parts so safe before the enemy were brought into better subjection. I was in hopes, when I came from thence, that those who were so desirous to have my room, would have been very brisk in my absence, to have got themselves some honpur, which they very much gaped after, or else they would not have spread so many false re- ports to defame me ; which had I known before I left the bank* I would have had satisfaction of them. Your honour was pleased to give me some small account, before I left the bank, of some things that were ill represented to you, concerning the eastward expedition, which being rolled home like a snowball through both colonies, was got to such a bigness, that it overshadowed one from the influence of all comfort, or good acceptance amongst my friends in my journey homeward. But through God's good- ness [I] am come home, finding all well, and myself in good health ; hoping, that those reports will do me the favour, to quit me from all other publick ac- tions ; that so I may the more peaceably, and quiet- ly, wait upon God, and be a comfort to my own family, in this dark time of trouble ; being as one hid, till his indignation is overpast. I shall take it as a great favour, to hear of your welfare. Sub- scribing myself as I am, .sir, Your moat assured friend and servant, BENJAMIN CHURCH." Major Church did receive, after this, answers to his letters, but hath lost them, except it be a letter from several of the gentlemen in those parts, in June following, which is as followeth. » Portsmoutiv See page 196, note «. mnm iicA^% ARS. n Andros, that Irawn off from onsidering that lone, that they safe before the jection. I was that those who 3uld have been got themselves gaped after, or many false re- tnown before I action of them, me some small >me things that g the eastward like a snowball 5uch a bigness, influence of all t my friends in jh God's good- rell, and myself reports will do her publick ac- ably, and quiet- ort to my own ; being as one I shall take it welfare. Sub- ! and servant, [N CHURCH." this, answers to pt it be a letter those parts, in 1. tote % W0^ m r:;' FRENCH AND INDIAN WARsf 205 ''Portsmouth, June 29, 1691, Major Benj. Church, Sir, your former readiness to exfjose yourself in the service of the country, against the common ene- my, and particularly the late obligations, you have laid upon us, in these eastern parts, leave us under a deep and grateful sense of your favour therein. And lorasmuch as you were pleased when last here, to sigmfy your ready inclination to further service ol this kind, if occasion should call for it. We therefore presume, confidently to promise ourselves compliance accordingly; and have sent this mes- ".ffk ?" S^'P^f *P y**"' *« '*^t you know, that not- withstanding the late overture of peace, the enemy have approved themselves as perfidious as ever, and are almost da«ly killing and destroying upon all our frontiers. The Governour and council of the Mas- sachusetts have been pleased to order the raising of one hundred and fifty men, to be forthwith despatch- ed into those parts; and, as we understand, have written to your Governour and council of Plymouth or turther assistance, which we pray you to promote, hoping if you can obtain about two hundred men, Eng- lish and Indians, to visit them at some of their head quarters, up Kennebeck river, or elsewhere, which tor want of necessaries was omitted last year; it may be of great advantage to us. We offer nothing of advice, as to what methods are most proper to be taken in this affair. Jfour acquaintance with our circumstances as well as the enemy's, will direct you therein. We leave the conduct thereof to your own discretion. But that the want of provision, &c., may be no remora to your motion, you may please to know Mr. Geafford, one of our principal inhabi- tants, now residing in Boston, hath promised to take care to supply to the value of two or three hundred pounds, if occasion require: Wc pray a few lines ny the bearer, to give us a prospect of what we 18 « wmm i Hli ( | l | i H l ) l 206 ^FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. may expect for our further encouragement, and re- Sir, your obliged friends and servants, William Vauohan, Richard Martyn, Nathaniel Fryer, William Fernald, Francis Hooke, Charles Frost, John Wincol, Robert Elliott." (A true copy of the original letter; which letter was presented to me by Captain Hatch, who came express.) Major Church sent them his answer, the contents whereof was, that he had gone often enough for nothing, and especially toJwj ill treated with scan- dals and false reports, when last out, which he could not forget. And signified to them, that doubtless some amongst them, thought they could do without him,&c. And to make short of it, [they] did go out, and meeting with the enemy at Maquait, were most shamefiilly beaten, as I have been inform- ed^** • I will Uy before the reader an a -count of the affair hint- ed at, as 1 find it in Mather, and will only observe, that, that author is enough inclined tofavoar the sidt of the English. •« About the latter end of July [1691 1 we sent out a small army under the command of Capt. l»arch, C«pt. King. Capt. Sher- burn, and Capt. Walten, who landing at Maquoit, «aweh«« UP to Pechypscot, but not finding any signs of the enemy, marched down again. While the commanders were waiting ashore till the soldiers were got aboard, such great numbers of Indians poured in upon them, that though the Mmntandcrs wanted not for courage or conduct, yet they fpond them- selves obliged, with much ado, (and not without the death of worthy Capt. Sherburn) to retire into the vesseli which then lay aground. Here they kejH pelting at one another all night ; but unto little other purpose than this, which was indeea remarkable, that the enemy was at this time going to ii iu i | i i ii FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 307 AR8. ment, and re- servants, IlUGHAN, lARTYN, Frter, BRNALD, )OKE, HOST, lOL, LIOTT." r ; which letter ttch, who came r, the contents en enough for ted with 8can- which he could that doubtless >uld do without , [they] did go t Maquait, were i been inform- t of the affair hint- obBcrve, that, that idt; of the Englith. ntoatanmallartny Ktiig,Capt.Sher- Maquoit, marched gni of the enemy, iders were waiting nch great numbere ;h the commanden t they found them- without the death > the vessels which ng at one another lan this, which was ,t this time going to THE THIRD EXPEDITION EAST. This was in the year 1692. In the time of Sir William Phips'* government, Major Walley being at Boston, was requested by his excellency to treat with Major Church about going east with him. Ma- jor Walley coming home, did as desired ; and to en- courage the said Major Church, told him, that now take the isle of Shoals, and no doubt had they gone they would have taken it, but having exhausted all their ammu- nition on this occasion, they desisted from what they desixn- ed,» Magnalia, II, 5S0. • Governour Phips " was a Newengland man," born at Pemmaquid, in 1650-1 ; being, as we are told, a younger son among twentysix children, of whom twentyone were sons. By profession he was a ship carpenter. That business he soon left ; and being an industrious and persevering man, and applying himself to study, soon acquired an education competent for (he discharge of common affairs, and then went to sea. On hearing of a Spanish ship's being wrecked near the Bahamas, proceeded to England, and gave so flat- tering an account or its value, and the practicability of ob- taining it, that he was despatched in one of the King's ships in search of it ; but returned without success. Yet he be- lieved the treasure might be obtained ; and soon after, the Duke of Albemarl sent him with two ships on the same busi- ness. After much excessive toil, and nearly on the point of abandoning the object, the treasure was discovered, and he succeeded in bringing from the wreck three hundred thou- *andpoundi. But after deducting the Duke's share and the outfits, and his own great generosity to his men, he Had left onlymtem tkouMond. He now had conferred on him the order of knighthood. In 1690 he commanded an expedition against Q,uebeck,but from unavoidable obstacles did not ar- rive until too late in the season, and was obliged to abandon the expedition. See note 1, on page 177, where some parti- culars are given. The King now for the first time compli- mented the Newengland agents with the nomination of their Governour, and they nominated Sir William Phips, and he arrived at Boston, 14 May, 1692, invested with the proper authority. In 1694, he was sent for to answer some com- Slaints in England, but fell sick before he had his trial and ied, 18 Feb. 1695. All represent liim as a strictly honest man, and a real friend to his countrv. Mather, Holmes, Eliot, and Allen. t- 208 FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. was the time to have recompense for his former great expenses; saying also, that the country could not give him less than two or three hundred pounds. So upon his excellency's request, Major Church went down to Boston, and waited upon him, who »aid he was glad to see him, &c. After some dis- course [he] told the said Church, that he was going cast, himself, and that he should be his second, and in his absence, command all the forces. And be- ing requested by his excellency to raise what volun- teers he could of his old soldiers in the county of Bristol, both English and Indians, received his com- mission, which is as followeth. ' Sir JVilliam Phipa, Knight, Captain General and Govemour in Chief, in and over hiS Majesty's province of the Massachusetts bay, in JVeioeng- land, To Benjamin Church, Gent., Greeting. Reposing special trust and confidence in your loyalty, courage and good conduct ; I do by these presents constitute and appoint you to be Major of the several companies of militia, detached for their Majesties' service against their French and Indian enemies. You are thorefore authorized and requir- ed in their Majestie.s' names, to discharge the duty of a Major by leading, ordering and exercising the said several companies in arms, both inferiour offi- cers and soldiers, keeping them in good order and discipline, commanding them to obey you as their Major. And diligently to intend the said service, for the prosecuting, pursuing, killing and destroying of the said common enemy. And yourself to ob- serve and follow such orders and directions as you shall from time to time receive from myself, accord- ing to the rules and discipline of war, pursuant to the trust reposed in you for their Majesties' service. or his former the country three hundred Major Church pon him, who fter some dis- he was going is second, and ;es. And be- e what volun- :he county of lived his com- i General and hih Majesty's , 171 JVeweng- ., (rreeting. lence in your I do by these > be Major of ched for their h and Indian d and requir- irge the duty ixercising the inferiour offi- od order and you as their said service, nd destroying mrself to ob- :tions as you yself, accord- r, pursuant to isties' service. FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 209 Given under my hand and seal at Boston, the twen- tyfifth day of July, 1693. In the fourth year of the reign of our sovereign Lord and Lady, William and Mary, by the grace of God, King and Queen of England, Scotland, France and Ireland, defender of the faith, &c. WILLIAM PHIPS. By h%9 Excelkncy'a command. , Isaac Addington, Secr.^^ Returning home to the county aforesaid, he soon raised a sufficient number of volunteers, both English and Indians, and officers suitable to command tnem, marched them down to Boston. But there was one thing I would just mention, which was, that Major Church, being short of money, was forced to borrow six pounds in money of Lieutenant Woodman, in Littlecompton, to distribute by a shilling, and a bit* at a time, to the Indian soldiers, who, without such allurements, would not have marched to Boston. This money Major Church put into the hands of Mr. William Fobes, who was going out [as] their com- missary in that service. [Hep was ordered to keep a just account of what each Indian had, so that it might be deducted out of their wages at their return home. Coming to Boston, his excellency having got things in readinessv they embarked on board their transports, his excellency going in person with them ; being bound to Pema- quid.f But in their way stopped at Casco, and buri- I [who] * Six pence. * t This word is better written Pemmaquid as it was former- ly pronounced, and now {generally. This place is celebrat- ed as the birth place of Sir William Phips. Several places are known b^ this name, but are all in the same vicinity, and on the east side of Kennebeck river, and about 20 miles from its mouth. Hubbard. - 1 h rju 310 FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. ed the bones* of the dead people there, and took off the great guns that were there, then went to Pema- quid: Coming there his excellency asked Major Church to go ashore and give his judgment about erecting a fortf there "? He answered, that his genius did not incline that way, he never liad any value for them, being only nests for destructions. His excellency said, [that] he had a special order from their Ma- jesties, King William and Queen Mary, to erect a fort there, &.c. Then they went ashore and spent some time in the projection thereof. Then his ex- cellency told Major Church that he might take all the forces with him, (except one company to stay with him and work about the fort.) The Major answered, that if his excellency pleased, he might keep two companies with him, and [that] he would go with the restt to Penobscot, and places adjacent. Which his excellency did, and gave Major Church his orders, which are as followeth. " By his excellency. Sir WILLIAM PHIPS, Knight. Captain General and Governour in Chief, in and over their Majesties' provirux of the Massachusetts hay, in Nevoengland, Sfc. Instructions for Major Benjamin Church. Whereas you are Major, and so chief officer of a body of men, detached out of the militia, appointed for an expedition against the French and Indian ene- * See page 175, and note 3, where ftn account of the des- truction of Casco is related. t This fort was called the William Henry, and was the best then in these parts of America. It was built of stone of -a quadrangular figure, and about 737 feel in compass, mount- ing 14 (if not 18) guns. Whereof tt were 18 pounders. About 60 men were left to man the fort. Mather, Magnalia, n, 536, 537. I Their whole force was 450 men. lb. IRS. , and took off ent to Pema- Major Church >ut erecting a enius did not ilue for them, [is excellency >ni their Ma- iry, to erect a re and spent Then his ex- night take all npany to stay The Major led, he might lat] he would ices adjacent. Major Church [IPS, Knight. Chief, in and Maasachusettit Church. ef officer of a tia, appointed id Indian ene- >unt of the des- ry, and was the Imilt of stone of compass, mount- 'e 18 pounders, ither, Magnalia, FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 211 my ; you are duly to observe the following instruc- tions. Imprimis. You are to take care that the worship of God be duly and constantly maintained and kept up amongst you ; and to suffer no swearing, cursing, or other profanation of the holy name of God ; and, as much as in you lies, to deter and hinder all other vices amongst your soldiers. Secondly. You are to proceed, with the soldiers under your command to Penobscot, and, with what privacy, and what undiscoverable methods you can, there to land your men, and take the best measures to surprise the enemy. Thirdly. You are, by killing, destroying, and all oilier means possible, to endeavour the destruction of the enemy, in pursuance whereof, being satisfied of your courage and conduct, I leave the same to your discretion. Fourthly. You are to endeavour the taking what captives you can, either men, women or children, and the same safely to keep and convey them unto me. Fifthly. Since it is not possible to judge how af- fairs may be circumstanced with you there, I shall therefore not limit your return, but leave it to your prudence, only that you make no longer stay than you can improve for advantage against the enemy, or may reasonably hope for the same. Sixthly. You are also to take care and be very industrious by at possible means to find out and de- stroy all the enemy's corn, and other provisions in all places where yon can come at the same. Seventhly. You are to return from Penobscot and those eastern parts, to make all despatch hence for Kennebeck river and the places adjacent, and there prosecute all advantages against the enemy as afore- said. Eighthly. If any soldier, officer, or other shall be disobedient to you as their commander in chief, or other their superiour officer, or make, or cause :V^ I, m fH'^ i fjjj •«*•!< FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. any mutiny, commit other offence or disorders, you shall call a council of war amongst your officers, and having tried him or them so offending, iiiilict such punishment as the merit of the offence requires, death only excepted, which if any shall deserve, you are to serure the person, and signify the crime unto me by the first opportunity. Given under my hand this 11th day of August, 1692. WILLIAM PHIPS." Then the Major and his forces embarked and made the best of their way to Penobscot. And coming to an island in those parts in ihe evening, landed his forces at one end of the islav)d. Then the Major took part of his forces and moved (toward day) to the other end of the said island, where they found two Frenchmen and their families, in their houses ; and, that one or both of them had Indian women to their wives, and had children by them. The Major - presently examining the Frenchmen, [demanded] where the Indians were 9 They told him, that there was a great '^otnpany of them upon an island just by. And shov,ing him the island, [he] presently discovered several of them. Major Church and his forces still keeping undis- covered to them, asked the Frenchmen where their passing place was *? Which they readily showed them. So presently they placed an ambuscade to take any that should come over. Then sent orders for all the rest of the forces to come ; sending them an account of what he had seen and met withal ; strictly charg- ing them to keep themselves undiscovered by the enemy. The ambuscade did not lie long before an Indian man and woman came over in a canoe, to the place for landing, where the ambuscade was laid. [They]* hauled up their canoe, and came right into the hands of our ambuscade,whososuddenly8urpris- i[who] r disorders, you >ur officers, and ng, inflict such requires, death leserve, you arc crime unto me day of August, ^M PHIPS." arked and made And coming to ling, landed his fhen the Major [toward day) to ere they found n their houses -, dian women to m. The Major - n, [demanded] him, that there n an island just [he] presently 1 keeping undis- nen where their ly shewed them. ;ade to take any rders for all the hem an account ; strictly charg- covered by the long before an 1 a canoe, to the tscade was laid, came right into uddenlysurpris- FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 213 ed them that they could not give anv notice lo th" others from whence they came. The Major ordering that none of his should offer to meddle with the canoe, lest they should be discovered. Hoping to take the most of them, if his forces came as ordered, (he expecting them to come as directed.) But the first news [that] he had of them, was, that they were all commg, [and]> not privately as ordered, but the vessels fair in sight of the enemy, which soon put them all to flight. And our forces not having boats suitable to pursue them, they got all away in their canoes, &c. [This]^ caused Major Church to say, [tlwt] he would never go out again without [a] sufficient number of whale boats, [the]^ want of which was the ruin of that action.* Then Major Church, according to his instructions, ranged all those parts, to find all their com, and carried aboard their vessels what he thought conve- nient, and destroyed the rest. Also finding conside- rable quantities of plunder, viz., beaver, moose skins, (&c. Having done what service parts, he returned back to his quid. Where being come, staid not long, ^they be- ing short of bread) his excellency intended [going] home for Boston for more provisions. [In the way]^ going with Major Church and his forces to K^nne- beck river ; and coming there gave him further or- ders, which are as folioweth. " By his Excellency the Gov&rnour, To Major Benjamin Church. You having already received former instructions, are now further to proceed with the soldiers under ^ [though] g [which] 3 [for] * [but before] • Mather, II, 537, says that five prisoners were taken at this time. they could in those excellency at Peme- • 'S |;> ■i W- 314 FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. your command for Kennebeck river, and the placen adjacent, and use your utmost endeavours to kill, destroy and take captive the French and Indian ene- my wheresoever you shall find any of them ; and at your return to Pemequid (which you are to do as soon as you can conveniently ; after your best en- deavour done against the enemy, and having des- troyed their corn and other provisions) you are t<» stay with all your soldiers and officers, and set them to work on the fort, and make what despatch you can in that business, staying there until my further order. WILLIAM PHIPS." Then his excellency taking leave went for Boston, and soon after. Major Church and his forces had ii smart fight with the enemy in Kennebeck river ; pur- sued them so hard that they left their canoes, and ran up into the woods. [They] still pursued them up to their fort at Taconock,* which the enemy perceiving, set fire to their houses in the fort, and ran away by the light of them ; and when Major Church came to the said fort, [he] found about half their houses standing, and the rest burnt ; also found great quantities of corn, put up into Indian cribs, which he and his forces destroyed, as ordered. Having done what service he could in those parts, returned to Pemequid. And coming there, employ- ed his forces according to his instructions. Being out of bread [and] his excellency not coming. Ma- jor Church was obliged to borrow bread of the Cap- tain of the man of war, that was then there, for all the forces under his command ; his excellencv not coming as expected. But at length his excellency came, and brought very little bread, more than * This fort wu about 64 miles from the sea. Taconock, or as Sullivan has it, Taconnet is a great fall of water in the Kennebeck. At this place, by order of Gov. Shirley, a fort was built on the east bank of the river (in 1754} and called fortHalifox. Mioot's Hist. 1, 186. rARS. and the places mvours to kill, And Indian enc- f them ; and at u are to do as ■ your best en- id having dea- }nH) you are to '9, and set them espatch you can ly further order. \M PUIPS." b'cnt for Boston, is forces had ti »eck river ; pur- cir canoes, and I pursued them lich the enemy in the fort, and nd when Major )und about half jrnt; also foiuid ito Indian cribs, s ordered, d in those p«rtii, » there, employ- uctions. Being ot coming, Ma- read of the Cap- jn there, for all s excellencv not 1 his excellency ead, more than le seft. Taeonock, rail of water in the 3«v. Shirley, a fort in 1754} aodeaHad FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 315 would pay what was borrowed of the man of war ; so that in a short time after Major Church, with his forces, returned home to Boston, and had their wa- ges for their good service done. Only one thing, by the way, I wil just mention ; that is, about the six pounds [which] Major Church borrowed as beforementioncd, and put into the hands of Mr. Fobes, who distributed the said money, all but thirty shillings, to the Indian soldiers, as di- rected, which was deducted out of their wagns, and the country had credit for the same. And the said Fobes kept the thirty shillings to himself, which was deducted out of his wages. Whereupon Major Walley and [the] said Fobes had some words. In short Major Church was obliged to expend about six pounds of his own money in marching down the forces both English and Indians, to Boston, having no drink allowed them upon the road, &c. So, that instead of Major Church's having the allowances aforementioned by Major Walley, he was out of pocket about twelve pounds over and above what he had ; all which had not been, had not his excellency been gone out of the country. 1. THE FOURTH EXPEDITION EAST. In 1696, Major Church being at Boston, and be- longing to the house of representatives, several gen- tlemen requesting him to go east again, and the general court having made acts of encouragement, *B"i»5l'J!!»>Bei«*«»- ^^^ ITARS, , and inarched ad the promise n three weeks, Lo stay conside- he received his ire as followeth. mre, Lieutenant ief, in and over :husetts bay, in Greeting. mpanies raised, s, for his Majes- encouragement irt, or assembly sned at Boston, ;ute the French having offered conduct of the therefore, of the Majesty's royal ig special trust idence, courage litouKhton of Dor- 12. He graduated thestudy of divin- treacher, but was essed sood talents dat he had a great destitute of much o one will doubt, ncipal judges, who e persona fur the iIcA age of Salem ; says, that " he was ■8 on the bench." the commander in He died in 1703. oughton ball built. FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 217 and good conduct. I do by these presents consti- tute and appoint you to be Major of the said several companies, both Englishmen and Indians, raised for his Majesty's service upon the encouragement afore- said. You are therefore carefully and diligently to perform the duty of your place, by leading, ordenng, and exercising the said several companies in arms, both inferiour officers and soldiers, keeping them i» good order and discipline, commanding them to obey you as their Major. And yourself diligently to intend his Majesty's service for the prosecuting, pursuing, taking, killing or destroying the said ene- my by sea or land ; and to observe all such orders and instructions as you shall from time to time re- ceive from myself, or commander in chief for the time being, according to the rules and discipline of war, pursuant to the trust reposed in you. Given under my hand and seal at arms, at Boston, the third day of August, 1696, in the eighth year of the reign of our sovereign Lord Wilmam the III, by the grace of God, of England, Scotland, France, and Ireland, King, defender of the faith, die. WILLIAM STOUGHTON By command of the Lieut. Governour, &c. Isaac Addington, Seer." '^Province of Miuaaekuaetta bay. By the Right Honourable the Lieutenatd Governour and Com- mander in Chief. ! Inatructiona for Major Benjamin Church, Com- mander of the forces raited for hia Majesty^s ser- vice, against the French and Indian enemy and rebels. Pursuant to the commission given you, you are to embark the forces now furnished and equipped for his Majesty's service on the present expedition to the eastern parts of this province, and with them, and such others as shall offer themselves to go forth X9 »> 218 FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. on'the said service, to sail unto Piscataqua, to join tkose lately despatched thither for the same expedir tion, to await your coining. And with all care and diligence to improve the vessels, boats and men un- der your command in search for, prosecution and norsuit of, the said enemy at such places where you may be informed of their abode or resort, or where j»ai may probably expect to find, or meet with them, and take all advantages against them which provi- dence shall favour you with. Yo« are not to list or accept any soldiers that are idready in his Majesty's pay, and posted at any town or garrison within this province, without special order Iron myself. , u u You are to require and give strict orders that the duties of religion be attended on board the several vessels, and in the several companies under your coitt- raand, by daily prayers unto God, and reading hia holy word, and observance of the Lord's day to the utmost you- can. . . j You are to see that your soldiers have their due allowance of provisions, and other necessaries, and that tiie sick or wounded be accommodated in the best manner your circumstances will admit. And that good order and command may be kept up and maintained in the several companies, and all disor- den, drunkenness, profane cursing, swearing, disobe- dience of officers, mutinies, omissions or neglect of duty, be duly punished according to the laws mar- tial. And you are to require the Captain or chief officer of each company, with the clerk of the same, to keep an exact journal of all their proceedings from time to time. ■ In case any of the Indian enemy and rebels otter to submit themselves, you are to receive them, only «t discretion ; but if you think fit to improve any of them, or any others which you may happen to toke piitoDers, you may encourage them to be iaithfiu by L i taquB, to join same expiedi- h all care and s and men un- osecution and ices where you isort, or where teet with them, I which provi- oldiers that are ed at any town lit special order orders that the ard the several tnder your coi»- and reading his >rd's day to the have their due lecessaries, and tmodated in the II admit. And be kept up aiid 8, and all disor- vearing, diaobe- is or neglect of > the laws mar- laptain or chief erk of the same, eir proceedings and rebels offer >ive them, only improve any of ' happen to take to be fkithfiil by FRENCH AND INDIAN WAK8. 319 the promise of their lives, which shall be granted upon approbation of their fidelity. You are carefully to look after the Indians wlueh you have out of the prison, so that they may not have opportunity to escape but otherwise im- prove them to what advantage you can, and return them back again to this place. You are to advise, as you can have occasion, with Captain John Gorhara, who accompanies you in this expedition, and is to take your command in case of your death. A copy of these instructions yott axe to leave with him, and to give me an account from time to time of your proceedings. WILLIAM STOUGHTON. Boston, August I2th, 1696." In the time [that] Major Church lay at Boston, the news came of Pemequid fort's being taken.* It came • Thus the fort which had cost the country an immense sum of money, was entirely demolished. This was fort William Hennr, built in the last expedition. Two men of war were sent from Boston, early this year, (1696) to cruise off the river St. Johns, for an expected French store ship ; but unhappily, the French at Quebeck had despatched two men of war for the capture of the above said fort. These fell in with the two English vessels, and being more than a match for them, cap- tured one, called the Newport, the other, taking advantage of a fog, got back to Boston. The French now proceeded to attack the fort, being strengthened by the addition of the Newport, and Baron Castine with 200 Indians. The French were commanded by one Iberville, " a brave and experienced officer," and the English fort by one Chubb, without brave- ry or experience. On the 14 July, Iberville arrived before the fort, and immediately sent in a summons for its surren- der. Chubb returned a mere gasconade for an answer. Says he, " If the sea were covered with French vessels, and the land with Indians, yet I would not give up the fort." Some firing then commenced with the small arms, and thus closed the first day. . The night following Iberville landed some cannon and mortars, and by the next day at 3 of the clock, had so raised his works as to throw 5 bombs into the fort, to the great terror of Chubb and his men. And to add to their terror, Castine found means to convey a lettsr into 'i'y !' ;-'.^ ' f!{w^!t!fe4HS S ;°* ' 1 I- Jff «r^ 220 FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. i* by a shallop that brought some prisoners to Boston, who gave ai> account, also, that there was a French ship at Mountdesart* that had taken a ship of ours. So the discourse was, that they would send the man of war,f with other forces to take the said French ship, and retake ours. But in the mean time Major Church and his forces being ready, embarked, and on the fifteenth day of August, set sail for Piscataqua, where more men were to join them. ' (But before they left Boston, Major Church discoursed with the Captain of the man of war, who promised him, [that] if he went to Mountdesart, in pursuit of the French ship, that he would call for him and his forces at Pis- cataqua, expecting that the French and Indians might not be far from the said French ship, so that he might have an opportunity to fight them while he M as engaged with the French ship!) Soon after the forces arrived at Piscataqua, the Major sent his Indian soldiers to Colonel Gidney,J at the fort, importing, that " if they held out the Indians would not be restrained, for he had seen such orders from the Kins to Iberrille." Upon this Chubb surrendered and the French (iemolished the tort. Hutchinson, II, 88 to 90. Mather, Magnalia, II, 549, says, that the fort contained " 95 men double armed which mi^t have defended it against nine times as many assailants." Chubb lived at Andover, where in February foUowi"^ he was killed by a small party of about 30 Indians, ,vho fell upon the place. lb. 554. * Desert it should be. A very large island covering the area of about 180 square miles, and nearly all the waters of the bay of Fundy or Frenchman's bay. it was named Moots Deserts by Champlain, in honour, perhaps, of De Monts with whom he had formerly sailed. It was once called Mt. Mansell by the English, which, Mr. Savage (in Winthrop, I, 3S) thinks was so called in honour of Sir Robert Mansell named in the great Charter. t There were two men of war now at Boston, which with .«iome other vessels were sent in pursuit of the enemy and came in sight of them, but effected nothing. Hutchinson. 11,91. t Bartholomew Gidney, one of the judges of 1693, whose name is sufSciently perpetuated in Calefs " More Wonders LRS. era to Boston, ivas a French ship of ours, send the man said French in time Major arked, and on tr Piscataqua, ' (But before rsed with the id him, [that] of the French forces at Pis- and Indians I ship, so that hem while he « icataqua, the il Gidney,J at ! Indians would I from the Kins and the French > 90. Mather, lined " 95 men it against nine indover, where small party of b. 554. I covering the II the waters of s named Moots of De Monts mce called Mt. (in Winthrop, lobert Mansell m, which with the enemjr and Hutchinson, )f 1693, whose Wore Wondera FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 221 York, to be assisting for the defence of those places,* who gave them a good conunend for their ready and willing services done ; in scouting and the like. Lying at Piscataqua with the rest of our forces near a week, waiting for more forces who were to join them, to make up their compIemeBt.f In ail which time heard never a word of the man of war. On the twentysecond of August, they all embarked Ffrom]^ Piscataqua. And when they came against York, the Major went ashore, sending Captain Gor- hamt with some forces in two brigantinea and a sloop, to Winterharbour. Ordering him to send out scouts, to see if they could make any discovery of the ene- my, and to wait there till he came to them. Major Church coming to York, Colonel Gidney told him, [that] his opinion was, that the enemy was drawn off tarom those parts ; for that the scouts could not discover any of them, nor their tracks. So hav- ing done his business there, went with what forces he had there, to Winterharbour, where he had the same account frwn Captain Gorham,.[viz.,] that they had not discovered any of the enemy, nor any new tracks. So, concluding [that] they were gone from those parts towards Penobscot, die Major ordered all the vessels to come to sail, and make the best of their 1 [for] of the Invirible World." He was an associate with Haw- thorn aiid Curwin, in executing the laws against witchcraft. Smalltime has been spent for more information of him, and u little has been found. • The French were expected to make other attempts along the coast, which they threatened after their roeeess at Pemmaquid. t Their whole force, it appears from Hutchinson, II. 91, was 500 men. X Captain John Gorham seems from this time tfaroogk this and the other expeditions to have acted a coBspicvmu psft. 1 hare foond no other accounts of him. 19* . wnif ,M lH M>HMWl * i |i Wyj< W»*»i . WW 322 FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. way to Monhegin,* which being not far from Penob- scot, wb ;re the main body of our enemy's living wa». Being in great hopes to come up with the army of French and Indians, before they had scattered and gone past Penobscot, or Mountdesart, which is the chief place of their departure from each other after such actions. Having a fair wind, made the best of their way, and c«irly next morning they got into Monhegin. And there lay all day fitting their boats, and other necessaries to embark in the night at Mussleoeckf with their boats. Lying there all day to keep undis- covered from the enemy. At night the Major order- ed the vessels all to come to sail, and carry the for- ces over the bay^ near Penobscot. But having little wind, he ordered all the soldiers to embark on board the boats with eight days provision, and sent the ves- sels back to Monhegin, that they might not be dis- covered by the enemy ; giving them orders, when and where they should come to him. The forces be'ng all ready in their boats, rowing very hard, got ashore at a point near Penobscot.^ just as the day broke. [They]' hid their boats, and keeping a good look out by sea, and sent out scouts by land, but could not discover either canoes or In- dians. What tracks and fire places they saw were judged to be seven or eight days before they came. As soon as night came, that they might go undis- covered, got into their boats, and, went by Mussle- neck, and so amongst Penobscot islands, looking very sharp as they went, for fires on the shore, and for canoes but found neither. 1 [and] * An island on the east side of Kennebeck river, and about 10 miles from the main, celebrated as the place where Cant. John Smith landed in 1614 ; here he built some houses, the remains of which were to be seen when Judge Sullivan wrote his history. It is spelt Monheagan. t A point in Monheagan island. t The hay of Penobscot. § Mouth of the river. • lUfl,*'**-'"'' "'"■ RS. r from Penob- yr'a living was. h the army of scattered and which is the ,ch other after of their way, to Monhegin. Eits, and other Mussleoeckf to keep undis- i Major order- carry the for- it having little bark on board d sent the' ves- ;ht not be dis- orders, when boats, rowing ir Penobscot^ leir boats, and lent out scouts ' canoes or In- they saw were >re they came, ight go undis- int by Mussle- s, looking very shore, and for river, and about lace where Capt. some housea, the (e Sullivan wrote rthe river. FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 223 Getting up to Mathebestucks hills, [and] day com- ing on, landed and hid their boats ; looking out for the enemy, as the day before, but to little purpose. Night coming on, to their oars agaiji, working very hard ; turned night into day, [which] made several of their new soldiers grumble. But telling them [that] they hoped to comt up quickly with the enemy, put new life into them. By daylight they got mto the mouth of the river, where landing, found many ren- dezvous, and fireplaces, where the Indians had been ; but at the same space of time as beforementioned. And no canoes passed up the river that day. Their pilot, Joseph York,* informed the Major, that fifty or sixty miles up that river, at the great falls, the ene- my haid a great rendezvous, and planted a great quantity of corn, when he was a prisoner with them, four years ago ; and that he was very well acquaint- ed there. This gave great encouragement toha-e had some considerable advantage of the enemy at that place. So using their utmost endeavours to get up there undiscovered. And coming there found no enemy, nor com planted ; they having deserted the place. And ranging about the falls on both sides of the river, leaving men on the east side of the said river, and the boats just below the falls, with a good guard to secure them, and to take the enemy if they' came down the river in their canoes. The west side being the place where the enemy lived and best to travel on, they resolved to range as privately as they could. A mile or two above the ikils, [they] discovered a birch canoe coming down with two Indians in it. The Major sent word immediately back to those at the falls, to lie very close, and let them pass down the falls, and to take them alive, that he might have intelligence where the enemy were, (which would * York probably belonged here, -for it appears from SolU- van, 146, that persons of this name were among the early proprietors of tne lands of Kennebeck. ■ I' ; \m dJM FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. m 1 have been a great advantage to them.) But a fooHsh soldier seeing them pass by him, shot at them, con- trary to orders, given, which prevented them [from] going into the ambuscade, that was Ivid for them. Whereupon several more of our men being near, shot at them. So that one of them could not stand when he got ashore, but crept away into the brush. The other stepped out of the canoe with his paddle in his hand, and ran about a rod and then threw down Ills paddle, and turned back and took up his gun, and so escaped. One of our Indians swam over the river, and fetched the canoe, wherein was a consider- able quantity of blood on the seats that the Indians sat on, [and] the canoe had several holes shot in her. They stopped the holes, and then Captain Bracket* with an Indian soldier, went over the river, [and]' tracked them by the blood about half a mile, [where they] found his gun, took it up and seeing the blood no further, concluded that he stopped [it,]" and so got away. In the mean time, another canoe with three men were coming down the river, [and being]' fired at by some of our forces, ran ashore, and left two of their guns in the canoe, which were taken ; and al- so a letter from a priest to Casteen, [giving^^ him an account of the French and Indians retarnmg over the lake to Mountroyal,j- and of their little service done upon the Maquas| Indians westward ; only de- > [who] « [his blood] 3 [were] < [that gave] * The same person mentioned at page 166. t Montreal. t This was the name given by the Dutch to the Fivena- tions of Indians. See N. Y. Hist. See. Col. II, 44. By the French they were called Iroquois, between whom their warn were almost perpetual. An account of what is hinted at in the text may oe seen in Smith's Newyoik, 147, 149, and N. V. Hist. Soc. Col. II, 67, 68. The exnedition was eiecuted under count De Frontenac now (1696) Governour of Cana- da. He had assembled a great body of his friehd Indians n-om diflerent nations, which he joined with two battaJion« rARS. • But a foolish at them, con- 3d them [from] ls>id for them, in being near, ould not stand into the brush, vith his paddle len threw down ok up his gun, swam over the was a consider- hat the Indians lies shot in her. ptain Bracket* le river, [and]' a mile, [where eeing the blood ed [it,]** and so with three men >eing]^ fired at nd left two of taken ; and al- ;iving1^ him an retarnmg over ir little service ivard ; only de- * [that gave] _ :h to the Fivena- 1. II, 44. By the whom their wars tat is hinted at in , 147, 149, and N. ion was eiecuted trernour of Cana- ls friend Indians th two battalionA FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 'Mm:^ 225 u--'^"'"'"i^'al- molishing one fort, and cutting down some corn, &c. He desiring to hear of the proceedings of De- borahuel, and the French man of war. And inform- ed him that there were several canoes coming with workmen from Quebeck, to St. Johns.* Where since, we concluded, it was to build a fort at the river's mouth, when the great guns were taken, &c. It being just night, the officers were called to- gether to advise, and their pilot, York, informed them of a fort up that river, and that it was built on a little island in that river ; and that there was no getting to it, but in canoes, or on the ice in the winter time. This with the certain knowhedge that we were discovered by the enemy that escaped out of the upper canoe, concluded it not proper, at that time, to proceed any further up ; and that there was no getting any further with our boats ; and the ene- my being alarmed, would certainly fly from them (and do as they did four years ago at their fort at Taconock. Having fought them in Kennebeck river, and pursued them about thirty miles to Taconock, they then set their fort on fire, and ran away by the light of it, ours not being able to come up with them at that place.) of regulars. They left Montreal about the first of July, and with the greatest difficulty penetrated alout 200 miles into the wilderness. Nothing was effected by this great army, but the burning of a few Indian huts, and torturing a few prisoners. One circumstance of the latter, as a striking ex- ample of magnanimity, on the one side, and more than sav- age barbarity on the other, shall be related. On the ap- S roach of the Count with his army to an Indian town, it was eserted by all its inhabitants, except an aged chief, of near 100 years. He was immediately put to torment. One stabbed him with a knife, at which he exclaimed, " You had better make me die by fire, that these French dogs may learn how to suffer like men," &c. He continued firm until he expired under the most excruciating torture that could be invented. • At the mouth of the river St. Johns, in what is now N. Brunswick. ;[ 'li :| 236 FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 1' Major Church then encouraging his soldiers, told them, [that] he hoped they should meet with part of the enemy in Penobscot bay, or at Mountdesart, where the French ships were. So, notwithstanding they had been rowing several nights before, with much toil, besides were short of provisions', they cheerfully embarked on board their boats, and went down the river both with and against the tide. And next morning came to their vessels, where the Major had ordered them to meet him, who could give him no intelligence of any enemy. Where being come they refreshed themselves. Meeting then with ano- ther disappointment ; for their pilot, York, not be- in^- acquaintetl any further, they began to lainent the loss of one Robert Cawley, whom they chiefly depended on for all the service to be done now eastward. He having been taken away from them the night before they set sail from Boston (and was on board Mr. Thorp's sloop) and put on board the man of war unknown to Major Church, notwithstand- ing he had been at the trouble and charge of pro- curing him. Then the Major was obliged to one r Bord,* procured by Mr. William Alden, who being acquainted in those parts, to leave his vessel, and go with him in the boats, which he readily complied with, and so went to Nasketf point, where being in- formed was a likely place to meet the enemy. Com- ing there, found several houses and small fields of corn, the fires having been out several days, and no new tracks. But upon Penobscot island they found several Indian houses, corn and turnips. Though the enemy still being all gone, as beforementioned. Then they divided, and sent their boats some one way, and some another, thinking, that if any strag- gling Indians, or Casteen himself, should be there- • The name of Bord or rather Boad as Sullivan has it, is found among the first inhabitants of Saco. Hist. Maine, 318. t Or Nauseag, in the town of Woolwich on the east aide of the Kennebeck. rASS. is aoldiera, told eet with part of it Mountdesort, Dotwithstanding Its before, with provisions, they boats, and went t the tide. And vhere the Major ' could give him ere being come I then with ano- l, York, not be- egan to lament om they chiefly > be done now iway from them Boston (and was It on board the h, notwithstand- charge of pro- obliged to one Iden, who being his vessel, and readily complied where being in- B enemy. Com- . small fields of ral days, and no dand they found irnips. Though teforementioned. boats some one hat if any strag- thould be there- Sullivan hu it, is Hist. Maine, 318. I on the east aide of FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 227 about, they might And them, but it proved all in vtin. Himself and several boats went to Mountde- sart, to see if the French ships were gone, and whether any of the enemy might be there, but to no purpose ; the ships being gone and the enemy also. Thcr being now got several leagues to the westward of their veiisels, and seeing that the way was clear for their vessels to pass ; and all their extreme row- ing, and travelling by land and water, night and day» to be all in vain. (The enemy having left those parts as they judged, about eight or ten days before.) And then returning to their vessels, the commander calling all his officers together, to consult and re- solve what to do ; concluding that the enemy, by some means or other, had received some intelligence of their being come out against them ; and that they were in no necessity to come down to the sea side as yet, moose and beaver now being fat. They then agreed to go so far east, and employ themselves, that the enemy belonging to these parts, might think [that] they were gone home. Having some discourse about going over to St. Johns. But the masters of the vessels said, [that] [they]' had as ' good carry them to old France, &.c., which put off that design. (They concluding that the French diips were there.) Then ibe Major moved for going over the bay towards Lahane,* and towards tne gut of Cancer,f where was another considerable fort of In- dians, who often came to the assistance of our ene- my, the barbarous Indians. Saying, that by the time they should return again, the enemy belonging to these parts would come down again, expecting that we were gone home. But in short, could not prevail wiUi the masters of the open sloops to ven- ' [he] * This name is ^elt Layhone in a succeeding page. t Properly, Canceau, and pronounced Canso. It is the strait between Cape Breton island and Novascotit connect- ing tiie Atlantic with the gulf of St. Lawmce. * I 228 FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. ture across the bay.* [They]' said [that] it was very dangerous so late in the year, and as much as their lives were worth, &.c. Then they concluded and resolved to go to Se- nactaca,f wherein there was a ready compliance. (But the want of their pilot, Robert Cawley, was a Sreat damage to them, who knew all those parts.) [owever, Mr. John Alden, master of the brigantine En- deavour, piloted them up the bay to Senactaca. And coming to Grinatonie\ point, being not far from Se- nactaca, then came to, with all the vessels, and ear- ly next morning came to sail, and about sunrise got into town. But it being so late before v/e landed, that the enemy, most of them, made their escape. And as it happened [we] landed where the French and Indians had some time before killed Lieutenant JdHu Paine,'^ and several of Captain Swithson'smen, that were with said Paine. They seeing our forces coming, took the opportunity, fired several guns, and so ran all into the woods, [and] carried all or most part of their goods with them. One Jarman Bridgwaylj came running towards our forces, with a 1 [who] • Bay or Fundy. t This, I presume, is what is called Signecto in Gov. Dud- ley's instructions to Col. Church for the fifth expedition. It is since written Chignecto, and is the northern arm of the bay between Novascotia and Newbrunswick. Here the tide rises and falls 60 feet. 1 1 suppose the reader would get over this word better, were it spelt better. But the alteration would be immaterial, as it is the name of a place. § The same, I presume, who, in 1676-7, assisted Major Waldron in settling a treaty with the eastern Indians. I learn no more of him than is found in Mr. Hubbard's Nar 849, 8tc. Of Smithson I learn nothing. II Charlevoix, who was better acquainted with French names than our author, calls him BourgeoU. He was one of the principal inhabitants of the place. See Hist. Mas. II, 99, 98. Hutchinson, ib., says, that "Church calls him Bridg- man." Perhaps he did in his despatches, but -it is not »o spelt in my copy. iRS, [that] it was a as much as I to go to Se- y compliance. [Jawley, was a I those parts.) brigantineEn- lactaca. And t far from Se- ssels, and ear- >ut sunrise got re we landed, their escape. re the French ed Lieutenant rnithson's men, ;ing our forces several guns, I carried all or One Jarman r forces, with a icto in Gov. Dud- h expedition. It thern arm of the k. Here the tide this word better, lid be immaterial, 7, assisted Major istern Indians. I •. Hubbard's Nar tted with French oi$. He was one See Hist. Mas. II, :h calls him Bridg- s, but "it is not w I FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 129 gun in one hand, and his cartridge box in the other, [and] calling to our forces to stop, that he might speak with them. But Major Church thinking [that tUis]^ was [done] that they might have some advan- tage, ordered tnem to run on. When the said Bridgway saw [that] they would not stop, turned and ran. But tlie Major called unto him, and bid him stop, or he should be shot down. Some of our forces being near to the said Bridgway, said, [that] it was the General that called to him. He hearing that, stopped and turned about, laying down his gun, stood, till the Major came up to him. His desire was, that the commander would make haste with him to his house, lest the savages* should kill his father and mother, who were upward of four score years of age, and could not go. The Major asked the said Bridgway whether there were any Indians amongst them, and where they lived 'l He shaked his head, and said, he durst not tell, for if he did, they would take an opportunity, and kill him and his. So all that could be got out of him was, that they were run into the woods with the rest. Then orders were given to pursue the enemy, and to kill what Indians they could find, and take the French alive, and give them quarter if they ask- ed it. Our forces soon took three Frenchmen, who, up- on examination, said, that the Indians were all run into the woods. The French firing several guns, and.ours at them. But they being better acquain- ted with the woods than our<;, got away. The Ma- jor took the abovesaid Jarman Bridgway for a pilot, and with some of his forces went over a river, to several of their houses, but the people were gone, and [had] carried their goods with them. In rang- ing the woods [they] found several Indian houses, '[it] * Church's savages. 20 m- 330 FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. their fires being just out, but no Indians. SpendiM that day in ranging to and fro, found considerable of their goods, and but few people. At night the Major wrote a letter, and sent out two French pri- soners, wherein was signified, that if they wojild come in, they should have good quarters. The next day several came in, which did belong to that part of the town where our forces first land- ed, (and]i had encouragements given them by our commander, [viz.,] that if thev would assis) him in taking those Indians, which belonged to those parts, they should have their goods re- turned to them again, and their estates should not be demnified; [but]' they refused.* Then the Major and his forces pursued their design.f 1 [who] 8 [which] « * What Hutchinson, II, 92, observes concerning this very severe requisition, is too just to be unnoticed. " This was a hard condition, and in effect, obliging them to quit their country : for otherwise, as soon as the Enghsh had left them without sufficient protection, the incensed Indians wouW have fell upon them without mercy." t " Charlevoix says, (in Hist. Mas. II, 92, 93,) that Bour- geois produced a writing, by which Sir William Phips had Siven assurances of protection to the inhabitants of Chjgnec- to, whilst they remained faithful subjecte of King Wilham ; and that Church gave orders that nothing in their houses, &c., should be touched ; but whilst he was entertained by Bourgeois, together with the principal oflBcers, the rest of the army dispersed themselves among the other houses and be- haved as if they had been in a conquered country." And, " that many of the inhabitants, not trusting to the promiseg of the General [Church] refused to come in, and that if was very well they did ; for soon after he broke through al! bounds, and left only the church and a few houses and barns standing : and having discovered, posted up in the church, an order of Frontenac, the Governour of Canada, for the re- Snlation of trade, he threatened to treat them as rebels, set re to the church, and the houses which he had spared and which were now all reduced to ashes ; and having doiM tlui, he presented a writing which he told them was an acknowl- edgement of their having renewed their subjection to King William, and would he a security to them in case any KM- lish should again land among them" Before regarding thia RS. -'"' i. Spending considerable \t night the > French pri- r they would larters. The lid belong to es first land- en them by would assis) belonged to ir goods re- states should ised.* Then their design.f ich] * erning this very L "This was a em to auit their ish had left them t Indians would 1, 93,) that Bour- illiam Phips had tants of Chignec- ■ King Wilfiam ; in their hoases, ■ entertained by •rsjthe rest of the er houses and he- country." And, g to the promises n, and that it was iroke through al! houses and Darns up in the church, lanada, for the re- lem as rebels, set le had opared and 1 having don« this, 1 was an acknowl- lubjection to King in case any En^- "ore regarding thw FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 231 And went further ranging their country, found seve- ral more houses, but the people [had] fled, and car- ried what they had away. But in a creek rtheyl found a prize bark, that was brought in there by a I- rench privateer. In ranging the woods, took some prisoners, who upon examination gave our comman- der an account, that there were some Indians upon a neck of land, towards Menis.* So a party of men was sent into those woods. In their ranging about the said neck, found some plun- der, and a considerable quantity of whortleberries, both green and dry, which were gathered by the In- TK^ni K^TW .''*'' i'''^ *^ ''^^'^ t^'^en two Indians; ^MXf by the help of a birch canoe [they] got over the river, and made their escape. Also they found two barrels of powder, and near half a busliel of bul- lets. The French denying [them]^ to be theirs, [and] d [that] they were the savages; but sure it miffht > a supply for our enemies. Also, they took from . -rman Bridgway several barrels of powder, with bullets, shot, spears and knives, and other supplies to relieve our enemies. He owned that he had been trading with those Indians along Cape Sablef shore, with Peter Assnow; and, that there he met with the French ships, and went along with them to St. Johns and helped them to unload the said ships, and car- ried up the river provisions, ammunition and other goods to Vilboon's fort.J The Major having ranged ali places that were thought proper, returned back to the place where * [and] » [who] 3 nt] fheZLlf ^h»l''"^- «="'«»•** should be"«n;^b^;^'Si *• * ^"j*«"T "'"*•'*. *."* "'n «*■ the bay between Novasco t The southwest point of Novascotia. t This fort was upon the river St. Johns. ■f%m^ 232 FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. they fint landed. And findins several prisoners come in, who were troubled to see tneir cattle, sheep, hogs and dogs lying dead about their houses, chopped and hacked with hatchets, (which was done without order from the Major.) However, ho told them, [that] it was nothing to what our poor English, in our frontier towns, were forced to look upon. For men, women and children were chopped and hacked so, and left haif dead, with all their scalps taken off; and that they and their Indians served ours so ; and our sava- ges would be glad to serve them so too, if he would permit them, which caused them to be mighty sub- missive. And [they] begged the Major that he would not let the savages serve them so. Our Indians being somewhat sensible of the dis- course, desired to have some of them to roast, and so to make a dance. And dancing in a hideous man- ner, to terrify them, said, that they could eat any sort of flesh, and that some of theirs would make their hearts strong. [And] stepping up to some of the prisoners, said that they must have their scalps, which n. uch terrified the poor prisoners, who begged for their lives. The Major told them [that] he did not design the savages should hurt them ; but it wa»» to let them see a little what the poor English felt, saying, [that] it was not their scalps [that] he want- ed, but the savages ; for he should get nothing by them ; and told them, that their fathers, the friars and Governours encouraged their savages, and gave them money to scalp our English, notwithstanding they were with them, which several of our English, there present, did testify to their faces, that their fatherit and mothers were served so in their sight. But the Major bid them tell their fathers, (the fri- ars and Governours,) that if they still persisted, and let their wretched savages kill and destroy tht poor English at that rate, he would come with some hun- dreds of savages, and let them loose amongst them, who would kill, scalp, and carry away every French lRS. risoners come i, sheep, hog» chopped and without order hem, [that^ it n our frontier men, women d so, and left off; and that and our sava- >, if he would e mighty sub- that he would e of the dis- > roast, and so hideous man- :ould eat any would make p to some of 3 their scalps. , who begged [that] he did m ; but it wan English felt, hat] he want- it nothing by the friars and nd gave them standing they English, there t their father;; ;ht. thers, (the fri- persisted, and ;troy the poor th some hun- mongst them, every French 'F FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 233 person in all those parts ; for they were the root from whence all the branches came, that hurt us. For the Indians could not do us any harm, if they fthe French] did not relieve and supply them. The French being sensible of the Major's kindness to them, kissed his hand, and were very thankful to him for his favour to them in saving their lives. [They] owned that their priests* were at the taking of Peme- quid fort, and were now gone to Layhone, with some of thelndians, to meet the French ships, but for what, they would not tell. The commander, with his forces, having done all they could in those parts, concluded to go to St- Johns river, to do further service for their King and country; [so] embarked all on board their trans- ports.f And having a fair wind, soon got to Mono- genest,! which lies a little distance from the mouth of St. Johns river. Next morning early, the Major with his forces, landed to see what discovery they could make ; [so they] travelled across the woods to the old fort or falls at the mouth of St. Johns river, keeping them- selves undiscovered from the enemy. Finding that there were several men at work, and having informed themselves as much as they could, (the enemy being on the other side of the river, could not come at them) returned back. But night coming on, rid dark wet weather, with bad travelling, were obliged to stop in the woods till towards next day morning, and then went on board. Soon after the Major ordered all the vessels to come to sail, and go into the mouth of the river. [That^ being done, it was not long before the Major and his forces landed on the east side of the river, the French firing briskly at them, but did them no * Cutine was mentioned as being there. 219. t On the 30 September, i On the north side of the river. 20* See note, page aJ4 FRENCH AND INDIAN W\RS, harm. And running fiercely upon the enemy, they •oon fled into the woods. The Major ordered a briBk party to run across a neck to cut them off from their canoes, which the day before they had made a dis- covery of. So the commander, with the rest, ran directly towards the new fort [that] they were build- ing, not knowing but [that] they had some ordnance mounted. The enemy running directly to their ca- noes, were met by our forces, who fired at them ami killed one, and wounded Corporal Canton, who was taken. The rest threw down what they had, and ran into tlie woods. The said prisoner, Canton, being brought to the Major, told him, [that] if he would let his surgeon dress his wound and cure him, he would be serviceable to him as long as he lived. Sn being dressed, he was examined. [He]' gave tht- Major an account of the twelve great guns which *ere hid in the beach, below high water mark. (The carriages, shot, and wheelbarrows, some flour and pork, all hid in the woods.) The next morning the oflScers being all ordered to meet together, to consult about going to Vilboon's tort, and none amongst them being acquainted but the Aldens, who said, [that] the water in tlit- river was very low, so that they could not get up to the fort ; and the prisoner. Canton, told the Com- mander, that what the Aldens said was true. So not being willing to make a Canada expedition, con^ eluded [that] it was not practicable to proceed.* Then ordered some of the forces to get the great guns on board the open sloops, and the rest to rango the woods for the enemy, who took one prisoner and brought [him] in. rThey]^ in their ranging, found there a shallop, hauled in a creek. And a day or two after there came in a young soldier to our forces, 1 [Who] » [who] » The unsuccessful attempt on Quebeck by Sir William Pliips, which was rendered abortive by the lateness of the season. ,BS. I enemy, they rdered a brisk off from their d made a dis- the rest, ran ly were build- ome ordnance ly to their ca- i at them and iton, who was [T had, and ran 'anton, being I if he would cure him, he he lived. Sci Hie]' gave thi- Bit guns which water mark. vs, some flour ng all ordered g to Vilboon's g acquainted I water in tlif not get up to lold the Com- vas true. So pedition, con- to proceed.* get the great 3 rest to range e prisoner and anging, found And a day or r to our forces, do] by Sir William lateness of the FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 2Jy who upon examination, gave an account of two more which he left in the woods at some distance. So immediately the Major with some of his forces went f;^] in pursuit of them, taking the said prisoner with them, who conveyed them to the place where he left them, but they were gone. [They] then asked the prisoner, whether there were any Indians in those parts'? [He] said No, [that] it was as hard for Vilboon, their Gove.nour, to get an Indian down to the water side, as it was for him to carry one of those great guns on his back to his fort. For they having had intelligence by a prisoner out of Boston jail, that gave them an account of Major Church and his for- ces coming out against them. Now, having with a great deal of pains and trou- ble, got all the guns, shot, and other stores aboard, intended [to proceed] on our design, which we came out first for. But the wind not serving, the com- mander sent out his scouts into the woods to seek for the enemy. And four of our Indians came upon three Frenchmen undiscovered, who concluded, that if the French should discover them, [they] would tire at them, and might kill one or more of them ; which, to prevent, fired at the French, killed one, and took the other two prisoners. And it happened that he who was killed, was Shanelere, the chief man there, &,c. The same day they mended their whale boats, and the shallop which they took ; fitting her to row with eight oars, that she might be helpful to their -^^ ^ prosecuting their intended design against the enemy, in their returning homeward. Then the commander ordering all the officers to come together, informed them of his intentions; and ordered that no vessels should depart from the fleet, but to attend the mo- tions of their Commodore, as formerly ; except they were parted by storms, or thick fogs. And if so, it should happen that any did part, when they came to ■Mir laMiiqiJi" 336 FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS." Passamequady,* should stop there awhile ; for there they intended to stop and do business, with the help of their boats against the enemy. And it they missed that, to stop at Machias.f which was the next place [that] he intended to stop at. Hav- ing an account by the prisoners taken that Mr. Late- rilt was there, a trading with the Indians in the river. [And] encouraging them, said, [that] he did not doubt but to have a good booty there. And it they should pass those two places, be sure not to go past Naskege^ point ; but to stop there till he came, and not to depart thence in a fortnight without his orders ; having great service to do in and about Pe- nobscot, «fec. • . « » • Then Major Church discoursed with Captain Bracket, Captain Hunewell, and Captain Larking, (with their Lieutenants) commanders of the forces, belonging to the eastward parts, who were to dis- course their soldiers about their proceedings, when they came to Penobscot. And the Major himselt was to discourse his Indian soldiers, and their Cap- tains, who with all the rest readily complied. The projection being such, that when they came to Pe- nobscot, the commander d esigned to take what pro- • Better written Pa!»ammaquaddy. Coasters call it Quod- dy. It is a deep bay, vrYach begins tlie separation of the Britisli dominions from Maine. t The bay of Machias is separated from Passammaquoddj by Pleasant point on the west. A river flows into this bay of the same name, on which is the town of Machias. t Whoever this person might be, we hear no more of him, only that he was a Frencliman, and had a family at Mount- dewrt ; that he was taken in the last expedition ; and that l^is name was oW Lateril or LotricU according to the early wrirerTwho mention him, which of course, was all they knew about him. § What Sullivan calls Nauseag, I expect, almost up to the Kennebeck, but on the ea^t «i'^«. ?n^. ""'^ ^'i*"" ft.S of Woolwich. Sec page 226, of this history, where it is spelt Nasket. mr- awhile ; for business, with (lemy. And if i,-|- which was jtop at. Hav- tliat Mr. Late- Indians in the 1, [that] he did there. And if sure not to go re till he came, ;ht without his and about Pc- with Captain ptain Larking, 1 of the forces, lo were to di»- :eeding3, when Major himself and their Cap- omplied. The 3y came to Pe- take what pro- filers callit Quod- separation of the Passammaquoddy lows into this bay Vlachias. r no more of him, L family at Mount- edition ; and that -ding to the early was all they knew t, almost up to the V within the town y, where it is spelt FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 237 visious could be spared out of all the sloops, and put [it] on board the two brigantines, and to send all ttie sloops home with some of the officers and men that wanted to be at home. And then with those forces aforementioned, to tvit, the eastward men, and all the Indians ; and to take what provi- sions and ammunition was needful, and to march with himself up into the Penobscot country, in search of the enemy, and if posssible to take that fort in Penobscot river. Captain Bracket informing the Major, that when the water was low, they could wade over, which was at that time, the lowest thai had been known in a long time. And being there, to range through that country down to Pemequid, where he intended [that] the two brigantines should meet them ; and from thence taking more provisions, viz., bread, salt, and ammu- nition suitable (to send those two vessels home also) to travel through the country to Nerigiwack,''^ and from thence to Amerascogen fort, and so down where the enemy used to plant. Not doubting but that in all this travel to meet with many of the ene- my before they should get to P'scataqua. All which intentions were very acceptabU> to the forces that were to undertake it. [And]' rejoicing, said, they had rather go home by land than by water, provided their commander went with them. [He,]* to try their fidelity, said [that] he was grown an- cient, and might fail them. [But] they all said they would not leave him, and when he could not travel any further, they would carry him. Having done what service they could, at and about the mouth of St. Johns river, resolved on their 1 [who] « [who] ° * Norridgewock. This name has been subject to almost as many methods of spelling, as its neighbour, Androscoggin. It was an ancient celebrated Indian town on the Kennepeck river, about 84 miles from its mouth by the course of the river. Sullivan, 31, 33. I 2?8 FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. fhtended design. And the next morning, having but little wind, came all to 1. The wmd commg against them they put into Mushquash cove. And the next day the wind being still agamst them, the Major with part of his forces landed, and employed themselves in ranging the country for the enemy, but to no purpose. [But]» in the night the wmd came pretty fair, end at twelve o'clock they came to sail. [They]" had not been out long before they spied three sail of vessels; expecting them to be French, fitted to defend themselves. So commg near, hailed them, [and]' found them to be a man ol war, the province galley, and old Mr. Alden* m a sloop, with more forces, Colonel Hathornef com- mander. , Major Church went aboard the Commodore, where Colonel Hathorne was, who gave him an account of his commission, and orders, and read them to him. Then his honour told Major Church, that there was a particular order on board Captain Southack for hun, which is as foUoweth. [To Major Benjamin Church.'\ " Boston, September 9th, 1696. Sir His Majesty's ship Orford, having lately surprised a French shallop, with twentythree of the soldiers 1 [and] » [and] » [Who] • The same often mentioned in the preceding pages. See note 3, on page 196. He was in 1692 imprisoned for witch- craft and previously examined by Hawthorn, under whom heTppeare'ln this expedition. See Hutchinson, JI. 50, and tCol. John Hathorne or Hawthorn. This gentleman, however unfit he might be to succeed Church, it is certain fhThemav now b^ Setter employed than when eommitt.n| tritchei at Salem. I learn little of him, excepting what may STse^n in Hutchinson, and Calef. Perhaps he was a son of WiUiam Hawthorn, the first sneaker of the court of Mawa- chusetts, upon record. Hist. ivia«. 1, 150. He was ouite ac- live in thew wars, also in the former. Nothing very briJUant appears to have been performed under his command. I t a fi tl M tl P e tl o o: si ni si tl q' c< m as M ai n< to su \h yc di pe ha th CO fr< or yo yo inj irning, having wind coining h cove. And inst them, the and employed ar the enemy, ight the wind k they came to ig before they ig them to be i. So coming to be a map of fr. Alden* in a athornef com- imodore, where I an account of id them to him. , that there was outhack for him, irchJ] ber 9th, 1696. la ely surprised of the soldiers I [Who] ceding pages. See irisoned for witch- ;horn, under whom :hin9on, JI, 50, anil This gentleman, lurch, it is certain 1 when committing xcepting what may aps he was a son of the court of Massa- He was Quite ac- Dthing very brilliant is command. FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 239 belonging to the fort upon Johns river, in Novascotia, together with ViUeau, their Captain, providence seems to encourage the forming of an expedition to attack that fort, and todisrestand remove the enemy from that post, which is the chief source from whence the most of our disasters do Jssue, and also to favour with an opportunity for gaining out of their hands the ordnance, artillery, and other warlike stores, and provisions, lately supplied to them from France, for erecting a new fort near the river's mouth, whereby they will be greatly strengthened, and the reducing of them rendered more difficult. I have therefore ordered a detachment of two new companies, con- sisting of about an hundred men to join the forces now with you for that expedition, and have commis- sionated Lieutenant Colonel John Hathorne, one of the members of his Majesty's council, who is ac- quainted with that river, and in whose courage and conduct I repose special trust to take the chief com- mand ol the whole, during that service, being well assured that your good affections and zeal for his Majesty s service will induce your ready compliance and assistance therein, which, I hope, will take up no long time, and be of great benefit and advantage to these his Majesty's territories, if it please God to succeed the same. Besides, it is very probable to be the fairest opportunity, that can be offered unto yourself and men, of doing execution upon the In- dian enemy and rebels, who may reasonably be ex- pected to be drawn to the defence of that fort. I have also ordered his Majesty's ship Arundel, and the province Galley to attend this service. Colonel Hathorne will communicate unto you the contents of his commission and instructions received Irom myself for this expedition, which I expect and order that yourself, officers and soldiers, now under you, yield obedience unto. He is to advise with yourself and others in all weighty attempts. Pray- ing for a blessing from Heaven upon the said enter- i i IsS '' m'\ 240 FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. prise, and that all engaged in the same may be under the special protection of the Almighty. I am your loving friend, ^ilLIAM STOUGHTON." The Major havmg read his last orders, and con- sidering his commission, found that he was obliged to attend all orders,* (fee, was much concerned that he and his were prevented in their intended projec- tion, if carried back to St. Johns. Then discoursing with Colonel Hathome, gave him an account of what they had done at St. Johns, viz., that as to the de- molishing the new fort, they had done it; and [hadj sot all their great guns and stores aboard their ves- !el8. And, that if it had not been that the waters were so low, would have taken the fort up the nver also, before he came away. Told him also, that one of the prisoners which he had taken at St. Johns, upon examination, concerning the Indians m those pwts, told him, [that] it wasas hiird tor Vilboon their Governour, to get one of their Indians down to the water side, as to carry one of those great guns upon his back. And that they had an account of him rChurch,! and his forces' coming to those parts by a prisoner out of Boston jail. Also, told his honour, that if they went back it would wholly disappomt them of their doing any further service, which was fwhatli they came for to Penobscot, and places ad- jacent. But all was to no purpose. His honour tell- 1 [that] • Church could not but be offended at such boyish conduct, which will more fully appear in the ensuing narration. Iin- portant service, perliaps, might have been done »" the exe- rtion of the plan that fchurch and his forces were then about to enter upon They would doubtless have relieved the east- ern people from their garrisons in which they had mostoi the Vear been shut up. The savages had hovered around the settlements from Pascataqua to their extent eastward, and had between the 7 May, and 18 October, killed and ta- ken about 84 of the inhabitants ; 24 being of the former numr ber. See Magnalia, II, 549, 50. fefe^' LBS. may be under y. I am your JGHTON." lers, and con- le was obliged ;oncemed that ended projec- en discoursing ;count of what t as to the de- it ; and [had] ►ard their ves- ;hat the waters )rt up the river him also, that n at St. Johns, idians in those >r Vilboon their as down to the reat guns upon ccount of him hose parts by a old his honour, loUy disappoint .'ice, which was and places ad- Jis honour tell- ;h boyish conduct, g narratiort. Im- 1 done in the exe- Bswere then about I relieved the east- they had most of d hovered around extent eastward, Ijer, killed and ta- )f the formernautr FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 241 ing the Major that he must attend hit orders then received.* And to encourage the officers and soldiers, told them, [that] they should be wholly at the Major's ordering and command in the whole action. And to be short did go back and the event may be seen in Colonel Hathorne's journal of the said action.f Only I must observe one thing by the way, which was, that when they drew off to come down the riv- vr again, Colonel Ilathorne came off and leT'. the Ma- jor behind to see that all the forces were drawn otV. And coming down the river, in or near the rear, in the night, heard a person halloo. Not knowing at • The superceding of Church, says Hutchinson, II, 94, "was an impolitic measure, unless any misconduct in Church niadc it necessary that he should be superceded." But notu- ine of that kind is made appear, and can be accounted for, only, by supposing that Stoughton had not fully recovered from the debility he had received in the late Witch Crusade t The icarnal of Hathorne, referred to, is undoubtedly lost, whicn we have to regret. Perhaps Hutchinson had the use of it, as the account which he gives o<" 'he expedition is somewhat particular. He mentions, II, t»4, 5, that Villebon had timely notice of their object, and the reinforcement ; and accordingly had made the best arrangements he could to re- ceive them. They effected a landing on the 7 October, not however without considerable opposition. The same day they raised a battery, and planted two fieldpieccs up'oti it. With these and their small arms they commenced an attack upon the fort, which was answered. The following night being very cold, the English made fires to keep them from perisning. But this being a sure mark for the enemy's can- non, were obliged to put them out, and suffer the inclemency of the weather. Church's men suffering more extremely, being almost bare of clothing from their lonr service. Dis- couragement now seized them, and they druv i.r the next night. Mather makes no reflections on tii ^v.>.nning and executing of this expedition. " The difficulty of the cold season so discouraged our men, that after the making of some few shot the enterprize found itself under too much congelation to proceed any further." h;} he says, Magnalia, II, 550. No account is given that an ■ were killed. 21 'n? if^ lli^JlM, 242 FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. first, but it might be a snare to draw them into ; but upon consideration, sent to see who or what he was, and found him to be a Negro man belongmg to Mar- blehead, that had been taken and kept a prisoner amongst them for some time. The Major asked him, whether he could give any account of the Indians in those parts I He said Yes, they were or had been all drawn off from the sea coast, up into the woods near an hundred miles. [They] having had an ac- count by a prisoner out of Boston jail, that Major Church and his forces were coming out against them in four brigantines, and four sloops, with twentyfour pettiaugerl (meaning whale boats) which put thena into [such] a fright, that notwithstanding thev were so far up in the woods, were afraid to make fires by day, lest he and his forces should discover the smokes, and in the night lest they should see the ''^One thing more I would just give a hint of, that is, how the French in the eastward partY^e^enmch surprised at the motion of the whale boats. [TheyJ said, [that] there was no abiding for them in that country. And I have been informed since, thai soon after this expedition, they drew off from bt. Johns fort and river. . But to return. Then going all down the river, embarked and went homeward. Only by the way, candid reader, I would let you know of wo things that proved very pre udicial to Major Church and his forces. The first was, that the government should miss it so much as to send any prisoner away from Boston before the expedition was over. Secondly, that they should send Colonel Hathorne to take them from the service and business they went to do ; who, by submission, doubtless thought [that] they did foT the best though it proved to the contrary. So [I] shall wind up with a just hint of what hap- pened at their coming home to Boston. After all ARS. hem into ; but r what he was, jnging to Mar- ;ept a prisoner ijor asked him, }f the Indians ire or had been into the woods ing had an ac- ail, that Major lit against them ifith twentyfour vhich put them ding they were make fires by i discover the ' should see the ; a hint of, that arts were much boats. [They] [>r them m that ned since, thai !W off from St. down the river, nly by the way, V of two things • Church and his irernment should soner away from »ver. Secondly, me to take them rent to do ; who, hat] they did fof itrary. lint of what hap- OBton. After all FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 243 their hard service both night and day, the govern- ment took away all the great guns and warlike stores and gave them not a penny for them (except it was some powder, and that they gave what they pleased for.) And besides the assembly passed a vote that they should have but half pay. But his honour the Lieutenant Governour being much disturbed at their so doing, went into the town house, where the representatives were sitting', and told them, except they did reassume that vote, which was to cut Major Church and his forces off their half pay, they should sit there till the next spring. Whereupon it was re- assumed. So that they had just their bare wages. But as yet, never had any allowance fur the great guns and stores; neither has Major Church had aiiy allowance for all his travel and great expenses in raising the said forces, volunteers. 1 THE FIFTH AND LAST EXPEDITION EAST. In the year 1703-4, Major Church had an account of the miserable devastations made on Deerfield,* a town in the westward parts of this province,f and the horrible barbarities, and cruelties exercised on those poor innocent people by the French and In- dians; especially of their cruelties towards that wor- thy gentlewoman Mrs. Williams, and several others, whom they marched in that extreme season ; forcing them to carry great loads. And when any of them by their hard usage could not bear with it, [they] were knocked on the head, and so killed in cool blood. All which, with some other horrible instan- ces done by those barbarous savages, which Major Church himself was an eye witness to in his former travel in the eastward parts, did much astonish him. • A more particular account of the " Destruction of Deer- field" will be given in the IX Appendix to this history, t On ConDccticut river, about 00 miles from Boston. ?♦.' I I 244 FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. To see a woman that those barbarous savages had taken and killed, exposed in a most brutish man- ner (as can be oxpressed) with a young child seized fast with strings to her breast. [The]* infant had no apparent wound, which doubtless was left alive to suck its dead mother's breast, and so miserably to Eerish and die. Also to see other poor children anging upon fences, dead, of either sex, in their own poor rags, not worUi stripping them of, in scorn and derision. Another instance was, of a straggling soldier, who was found at Casco, exposed in a shameful and bar- barous manner. His body being staked up, his head cut off, and a hog's head set in the room ; his body ripped up, and his heart and inwards taken out, and private members cut off, and hung with belts of their own, the inwards at one side of his body, and his privates at the other, in scorn and derision of the English soldiers, &.c. These and such like barbarities caused Major Church to express himself to this purpose. That if he were commander in chief of these provinces, he would soon put an end to those barbarities, done by the barbarous enemy, by making it his whole bu- siness to fight and destroy those savages as they did our poor neighbours, which doubtless might have been done if rightly managed, and that in a short time, &c. So that these with the late inhumanities done upon the inhabitants of Deerfield, made such an impression on his heart, as cannot well be express- ed. So that his blood boiled within him, making such impulses on his mind, that he forgot all former treatments, which were enough to hinder any man, especially the saia Major Church, from doing any fur ler service. Notwithstanding all which, having a mind to take some satisfaction on the enemy, his heart being full, took his horse and went from his own habitfition, » [which] irous savages ; brutish man- ^ child seized !]^ infant bad was left alive ) miserably to poor children sex, in their m of, in scorn y soldier, who leful and bar- d up, his head om ; his body aken out, and I belts of their body, and his ierision of the caused Major urpose. That lese provinces, rbarities, done L his whole bu- es as they did is might have hat in a short e inhumanities ild, made such reW be express- n him, making rgot all former nder any man, om doing any a mind to take sirt being full, wn habitfition, FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 245 near seventy miles, to wait upon his excellency* and offered his service to the Queen,* his excellency and the country ; which his excellency readily ac- cepted of, and desired Major Church to draw a scheme for the ensuing action, or actions. So tak- ing leave went home, and drew it, which is as fol- loweth. " Tiverton, February 5, 1703-4. May it please your Excellency — According to your request, when I was last with yourself, and in obedience thereunto, I present you with these following lines, that concern the prepara- tion for next spring's expedition, to attack the ene- my. According to my former direction ; for it is good to have a full stroke at them first, before they have opportunity to run for it. For the first of our action will ue our opportunity to destroy them, and to prevent their running away, in waylaying every passage, and make them know we are in good earnest. And so we being in a diligent use of means, we may hope for a blessing from the Almighty, and that he will be pleased to put a dread in their hearts, that they may fall before us and perish. For my ad- vice is, First. That ten or twelve hundred good able sol- diers, well equipped, be in a readiness fit for action, by the first of April at farthest ; for then will be the time to be upon action. Secondly. That five and forty or fifty, good whaleboats be had ready, well fitted with five good oars and twelve or fifteen good paddles to every boat. * Anne, who came to the throne of England in 1703. She reigned until hei- death in 1714, and then the line of Geor* ees commenced. This war which began in 1703 is general- ly called Queen Anne's war. Dr. Douglass calls it " Dud- ley's Indian War." But this must be regarded as one of his loose denominations, for the war had already originated when Gov. Dudley entered ui>on his office. 21* 2HJ FRENCH AND INDIAN W4I18. \m ^ And upon the wale of each boat, five pieces of strong leatlier be fastened on each side to slip five small ash bars through ; that so, whenever they land, the men may step overboard, and slip in said bars across, and take up said boat that she may not be hurt against the rocks. And that two suitable brass kettles he provided to belong to each boat to dress the men's victuals in to make their lives comfortable. Thirdly. That four or five hundred pairs of good Indian shoes be made ready, fit for the service for the English and Indians, that must improve the whale boats and birch canoes ; for they will be very proper and safe for that service. And let tliere be a good store of cow hides well tanned, for a supply of such • shoes, and hemp to make thread, and wax to mend and make more such shoes when wanted, and a good store of awls. Fourthly. That there be an hundred large hatch- ets, or ligh* axes, made pretty broad, and steeled with the best steel tliat can be got, and made by work- men, that fthey] may cut very well, and hold, that the hemlock knots may not break or turn them, to widen the landing place up the falls. For it may happen that we may get up with some of our whale- boats to their falls or headquarters. Fifthly. That there be a suitable quantity of smal I bags, or wallets provided, that every man that wants may have one to put up his bullets in, of such a size as will fit his gun, (and not be served as at Casco.*) That every man's bag be so marked that he may not change it. For if so, it will make a great confusion in action. That every man's store of ball be weigh- ed to him, that so he may be accountable and may n«»t squander it away and also his store of powder, that sol he may try his powder and gun before action. And, that every particular company may have a bar- * There most of their shot was so large that it was useless, only a« it was hammered, and was not discovered until an engagement took place with the enemy. See page 166. kits. 3cea of strong 6ve small ash land, the men rs across, and e hurt against »as kettles he ress the men's ible. pairs of good ihe service for ■ove the whale >e very proper ere be a good supply of sucli • wax to mend id, and a good id large hatch- id steeled with nade by work- and hold, that turn them, to 8. For it may I of our whale- lantity of small nan that wants , of such a size as at Casco.*) lat he may not ;reat confusion ball be weigh- table and may ore of powder, I before action, lay have a bar- lat it was useless, discovered until Sec page 166. FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 247 s^^tj^TS^ rel of powder to themselves and so marked that it may by no means be changed. That men may know beforehand, and may not be cheated out of their lives, by having bad powder, or not knowing how to use it. And this will prove a great advantage to the aption. Sixthly. That Colonel John GorhtMi, if be may be prevailed with, may be concerned in the manage- ment of the whale boats, he having been formerly concerned in the eastern parts and experienced in that affair. And whalemen then will be very service- able in this expedition, which having a promise made to them, that they shall be released in good season, to go home a whaling in the fall, your excellency will have men enough. Seventhly. That there may be raised for this ser- vice three hundred Indians at least, and more if they may be had ; for I know certainly, of my own know- ledge that they exceed most of our English in hunt- ing and skulking in the woods, being always used to it. And it must be practised if ever we intend to destroy those Indian enemies. Eighthly. That the soldiers already out eastward in the service, men of known judgment, may take a survey of them and their arms, and see if their arms be good and they know how to use them in shooting right, at a mark, and that they be men of good reason and sense to know how to manage themselves in so difficult a piece of service as this Indian hunting is, for bad men are but a clog and hinderance to an army, being a trouble and vexation to. good com- manders, and so many mouths to devour the country's provision, and a hinderance to all good actions. Ninthly. That special care be nad in taking up the whaleboats that they be good, and fit for that service, so that the country be not cheated as for- merly i having rotten boats and as much care that the owners may have good satisfaction for them. Tenthly. That the tenders or transports, vessels 248 FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. to be improved in this action, be good decked vessels, not too big because of going up several rivers hav- ing four or six small g'"''. -piece for defence, and the fewer men will defend them, and there are enough such vessels to be had. Eleventhly. To conclude all, if your excellency will be pleaibd to make yourself great and us a hap- py people, as to the destroying of our enemies and easing of our taxes, &c., be pleased todraw forth all those forces now in pay in all the eastward parts, both at Saco and Casco bay, for those two trading houses never did any good nor ever will, and are not worthy the name of Queen's forts ; and the first building of them had no other effect but to lay us under tribute to that wretched pagan crew ; and I hope will never be wanted for that they were first built; [ — ]' but sure it is, they are very serviceable to them ; for they get many a good advantage of us to destroy our men and laugh at us for our folly, that we should be at so much cost and trouble to do a thing that does us so much harm, and no manner of good : but to the contrary when they see all our for- ces drawn forth, and in pursuit of them they will think that we begin to be roused up, and to be awake and will not be satisfied with what they have pleased to leave us, but are resolved to retake from them that they took formerly from us, and drive them out of their country also. The* which being done, then to build a fort at a suitable time, ak.d in a convenient blace, and it will be very honourable to your excel- lency, and of great service to her Majesty, and to the enlargement of her Majesty's government (the place meant being at Portroyal.) Twelfthly. That the objection made against draw- ing off the forces in the eastward parts will be no damage to the inhabitants, for former experience teacheth us that so soon as drawn into their country, they will presently forsake ours to take care of their own. And that there be no failure in making pre- i[fi)r] ARS. lecked vesseU, ral rivers hav- r defence, and ind there are )ur excellency and us a hap- r enemies and 9 draw forth ali astward parts, ;e two trading ill, and are not and the first :t but to lay us n crew ; and I they were first serviceable to intage of us to our folly, that rouble to do a no manner of see all our for- hem they will nd to be awake ;y have pleased ike from them drive them out ;ing done, then ,n a convenient ! to your excel- Majesty, and to )vernment (the e against draw- .rts will be no ner experience their country, ke care of their in making prc- FRENCH AND INDIAN WAttS. 349 paration of these things aforementioned; for many times the want of small things prevents the complet- ing of great actions. And that every thing be in readiness before the forces be raised to prevent charges, and the enemy's having intelligence. And that the general court be moved to make smtable acts for the encouraging both English and Indians, that so men of business may freely offer estates and concerns to serve the publick. Thus hoping what I have taken the pains to write in the sincerity of my heart, and good affection, will be well accepted, I make bold to subscribe as I am, your excellency's most devoted humble servant, BENJAMIN CHURCH." Then returning to his excellency, presented the said scheme, which his excellency approved of, and returned it again to Major Church, and desired him to see that every thing was provided ; telling him he should have an order from the commissary Gene- ral to proceed. Then returned home, and made it his whole business to provide oars and paddles, and a vessel to carry them round, and then returned again to his excellency, who gave him a commission which is as foUoweth. i " Joseph Dudley,* Esq., Captain General and Ch- vemour in Chief, in and over her Majesty's pro- * A son of Thomas Dudlev, who came to America in 1630, and who has been celebrated for his bitterness asainst tolerar tion. Some poetry found in his pocket (says Morton, 151,) after his death, is so singular, and characteristick of the times, that I mav be pardoned for so much digressing as to insert a clause of it. <* Let men of God in courts and churches watch O'er luch aa do a toleration hatch ; Iieit that ill eg|[ bring forth a cockatrico, 1*0 poiaen all with hereiy and rice. If men be left, and otherwiae combine, My epitaph'!, /dy'4 no HberHne." The mipject of this note was born in 1647, graduated at Harvard College, 166&, and is said to h,are been eminent for 250 FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. T i vince of the Massachtisetts bay, in Newengland, in America, and Vice Admiral of the same. To Benjamin Church, Esq., Greeting. By virtue of the power and authority, in and by her Majesty's royal commission, to me granted, I do by these presents, reposing special trust and confi- dence in your loyalty, courage, and good conduct, constitute and appoint you to be Colonel of all the forces raised, and to be raised for her Majesty's ser- vice, against the French and Indian enemy and rebels, that shall be improved in the service to the eastward of Casco bay ; and to be Captain of the first com- pany of the said forces. You are therefore carefully and diligently to perform the duty of a Colonel and Captain, by leading, ordering and exercising" the said regiment and company in arms, both inferiour offi- cers and soldiers ; and to keep them in good order and discipline. Hereby commanding them to obey you as their Colonel and Captain ; and with them to do and execute all acts of hostility against the said enemy and rebels. And you are to observe and fol- low such orders and directions as you shall receive from myself, or other, your superiour officer, accord- ing to the rules and discipline of war, pursuant to the trust reposed in you. Given under my hand and his learning. He was acommissioner in Philip's war, and his name may l)e seen among them at the head of the long treaty with the Narragansets, in July, 1675. When Andross was Governoui-, Mr. Dudley was president of the council, and was seized upon as belonging to his party, and imprisoned for some time, and treated with inhumanity. Beinz sent for by King William, he embarked in Feb., 1689. The next year he was sent over as chief justice of Newyork, but he was never satisfied any where but in the government of Mas- sachusetts. He therefore exerted himself to injure Gover- nour Phips, expecting to succeed him ; but the people pre- vented him by procuring the appointment of the Earl of BeUomont, whose premature death gave him his beloved of- fice, in which he continued from 1702 to 1716. Gov. ShtttQ •acceeded him, and he died in 1720, aged 7S. W Newengland, \t same, reeling. ity, in and by : granted, I do rust and confi- good conduct, )nel of all the Majesty's ser- my and rebels, ) the eastward the first com- efore carefully a Colonel and cising* the said inferiour offi- in good order them to obey 1 with them to gainst the said bserve and fol- u shall receive >fiicer, accord- ir, pursuant to ir my hand and lip's war, and his jf the long treaty hen Andross was the council, and , and imprisoned Being sent for 1689. The next 'Jewyork, but he 'crnment of Ma»- to injure Gover- the people pre- t of the Earl of m his beloved of- 716. Gov.ShtttQ 3. FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 251 seal at arms, at Boston, the 18th day of March, in the third year of her Majesty's reign. Anno Dom. 1703-4. J. DUDLEY. By his ExceUency's command. Isaac Addington, Seer." Colonel Church no sooner received his commis- sion, but proceeded to the raising of men, volun- teers, by going into every town within the three counties,* which were formerly Plymouth govern- ment ; advising with the chief officer of each com- pany, to call his company together, that so he might have the better opportunity to discourse and encour- age them to serve their Queen and country. Treat- ing them with drink convenient, told them, [that] he did not doubt but with God's blessing to bring them all home again. All which with many other argu- ments, animated their hearts to do service. So, that Colonel Church enlisted, out of some companies, near twenty men, and others fifteen. He having raised a sufficient number of English soldiers, proceeded to the enlisting of Indians, in all those parts where they dwelt, which was a great fa- tigue and expense ; being a people that need much treating, especially with drink, &.c. Having enlist- ed the most of his soldiers in those parts, who daily lay upon him, [and] was not less than five pounds per day expenses, some days in victuals and drink ; who doubtless thought, (especially the English) that the country would have reimbursed it again, other- wise they would hardly [have] accepted it of him. Colonel Church's soldiers, both English and In- dians, in those parts, being raised, marched them all * Plymouth, Barnstable, and Bristol. This division was made in 1685, which before were all in one. Supplement to Morton, 207. ■^ 252 FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. Kill down to Nantasket,* according to his excellency's directions. Where being come, the following gen- tlemen were commissionated to be commanders of each particular company, viz., Lieutenant Colonel Gorham, Captains, John Brown, Constant Church, James Cole, John Dyer, John Cook, Caleb William- son, and Edward Church, of the forces raised by Co- lonel Church ; each company being filled up with English and Indians as they agreed among them- selves, and by the Colonel's directions. Captain Lamb, and Captain Mirick's company, which were raised by his excellency's direction, were ordered to join those afciesaid, under the command of Colonel Church. Matters being brought thus far on. Colonel Church waited upc i his excellency at Boston to know his pleasure, w ;«ii farther measures were to be taken ; and did humbly move that they might have liberty in their instructions to make an attack upon Portroyal. Being very well satisfied in his opinion, that with the blessing of God, with what forces they had, or should have ; and whaleboats so well fitted with oars and paddles, as they had with them, might be suffi- cient to have taken it. His excellency (looking up- on Colonel Church) replied, [that] "he could not admit of that, by reason, [that] he had, by the advice of her Majesty's council, writ to her Majesty about the taking of Portroyal fort, and how it should be disposed of when taken," &c. However Colonel Church proceeded to get every thing ready for the forces down at Nantasket, which was the place of parade. « i u He happening one day to be at Capt ain Belch- • The entrance into Boston harbour, (south of the light- house. The winter of 1696 was so severe, that sleds and sleighs frequently passed from Boston to Nantasket upon thi ice. The island of this name was the place of rendezvous, and is nine miles from Boston. It contains the present town of Hull, and is connected to Hingham by a dam. FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 253 IRS. s excellency's bllowing gen- oramanders of enant Colonel istant Church, lalcb William- i raised by Co- filled up with among them- ons. Captain y, which were ere ordered to ind of Colonel IJolonel Church )n to know his e to be taken ; have liberty in ipon Portroyal. nion, that with es they had, or fitted with oars might be suffi- cy (looking up- "he could not i, by the advice Majesty about iw it should be jwever Colonel ig ready for the LS the place of Captain Belch- »uth of thclight- e, that sleds and rantasket upon th<2 ice of rendezvous, is the present town a dam. cr's,* where his excellency happened to come. [He^ was pleased to order Coloiu '. i.'hurch to put on his sword, and walk with him up the common, which he readily complied with. Where being come, he saw two mortar pieces with shells, and an engineer trying with them, to throw a shell from them to any spot of ground where he said it should fall ; which when Colonel Church had seen done, gave him great encouragement, and hopes [that] that would promote their gomg to Portroyal, which ne had solicited for. And returning from thence, after they had seen them tried by the said engineer, and performinj^ what was proposed, [and] coming near to Captain William Clark's house, over against the horse shoe, his ex- cellency was invited by Captain Clark to walk over and take a glass of wine, which he was pleased to accept of, and took Colonel Church with him. And in the time they were taking a glass of wine, Colonel Church once more presumed to say to his excellen- cy ; " Sir, I hope that now we shall go to Portroyal in order to take it ; those mortars being very suita- ble for such nn enterprise." His excellency was pleased to reply ; " Colonel Church, you must say no more of that matter, for the letter I told you of, I writ by the advice of her Majesty's council, now lies at home on the board before the Lords commis- sioners of her Majesty's foreign plantations," &c» After some days, every thing being ready to em- bark, Colonel Church received his instructions, which are as follbw:s : " By his excellency Joseph Dudley, Esq:, Ca^ain General and Govemour in Chief, in and over her Majesty's province of the Massachusetts bay, SfC, in JVewengland, and Vice Admiral of the same. 1 [who] • Captain Andrew Belcher of Cambridge, and father of Goveraoar Belcher, 1. raapect is meant. See page 63, note S. 22 254 FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS InstrwtioM for Colonel Benjamin Chubch in the present Expedition. In pursuance of the commission given you to take tEe chief command of the land and sea forces bVme mised, equipped and sent forth on her Ma- Ks service, against her open declared enem.es, The French'and Indian rebels. You are to observe the following instructions. »hp duties of First. You are to take care, that the duyes oi religion be attended on board the several vessels, and in the several companies under your conimand, by daii™ers unto God, and reading h.s holy word. OLiihe Lord's day be observed ""d duly sa^c- tified to the utmost of your power, as far as the cir cumstances and necessity of the -7- ««^" ^^^^^ that so you may have the presence of God with, and obtain his blessing on, your undertaking. yTu arc to taklcare, that your soldiers have thei due allowance of provisions and other necessaries, Sat theTurm' be well fixed, and kept fit for serv^e aid tha they be furnished with a suitable quant, y S powder aJd ball, and be always in readiness to . P"T\rg"oo1l7rkeranddisciplinebemaintained;aj^^ all disorders, drunkenness, profane f»'«?"«g' ^"'^ rig, omission or neglect of d«ty.dtsobed.ence to of- ficers, mutiny, desertion, and ««da.on be duly pun ished, according to ^he rules and articles of war the which vou are once a month or oftener, to cause o be published, and made ^-o.-'-yZ:^:Z and soldiers for their observance ?nd duectwn m their duty. Let notorious and capital offenders be sen"aw?y to the next garrison, there to be imprison- ed until they can be proceeded with. -. ' Let the sick and wounded be carefully looked af- ter and accommodated after the^best manner your circumstances will admit of, and be sent either to Casco SXor toMr. Peperel's at Kittery, wh.chmay be easiest, so soon as you can. at( ca ini tic Sc ha re' af of sa ta th ar th ol in CI th sp P« to th b] sc re ai w th ni in ai th 111 FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 255 iTARS Chxtrch in the n given you to d and sea forces »rth on her Ma- 3clarecl enemies, u are to observe lat the duties of jreral vessels, and iir command, by ig his holy word, d and duly sanc- as far as the cir- ;rvice can admit, of God with, and iking. oldiers have their ther necessaries; ept fit for service, suitable quantity 's in readiness to B maintained; and e swearing, curs- lisobedience to of- ition be duly pun- i articles of war ; X oftener, to cause irn to your officers B and direction in apital offenders be jre to be imprison- ith. arefully looked af- best manner your 1 be sent either to Kittery, which may You are forthwith to send away the forces and stores by the transports, with, the whaleboats to Pis- cataqua, on Kittery side there to attend your com- ing whither you are to follow them witli all pxpedi- tion. ,!/-.• You are to embark in the proviacc galley, Captain Southack commander, and Lieutenant Colonel Qor- ham go on board Captain Gallop ; who are both di- rected to attend your motion on the French side, after which they are to return. Let the commapders of all the store sloops and transports know that they sail, anchor and serve at your direction. When you sail from Piscataqua, keep at such dis- tance off the shore, that you be not discovered by the enemy to alarm them. Stop at Montmicus,* and there embark the forces in the whaleboats for the main, to range that part of the country, in search of the enemy, to Mountdesart, sending the vessels to meet you there ; and after having refreshed and re- cruited your soldiers, proceed to Machias, and from thence to Passamequado ; and having,' effected what spoils you possibly may, upon the enemy in those parts, embark on your vessels for Menis and Signec- to, to Portroyal gut ; and use all possible methods for the burning and destroying of the enemies houses, and breaking the dams of tiieir corn grounds in the said several places, and make w hat other spoils you can upon them, and bring away the prisoners. In your return call at Penobscot and do what you can there^ and so proceed westward. This will probably employ you a month, or six weeks ; when you will draw together again, and by the latter end of June, consider whether you can march to Norrigwack, or other parts of their plant- ing, to destroy their corn and settlements and keep ♦ An island considerable distance from tte coast of Maine, and the aame, I suppose, called Martinicusor Merlinjcuson the late maps. It is 15 or 20 miles from Vinalhavcn island at ibe mouth of the Kcnnebeck. 256 FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. the expedition on foot until the middle of August next. Notwithstanding the particularity of the aforego- ing instruction, I lay you under no restraint, because I am well assured of your courage, care, caution and industry ; but refer you to your own resolves, by the advice of your commission officers, not under the de- gree of Captains, and the sea commission Captams (whom you will, as often as you can, advise with) ac- cording to the intelligence you may receive, or as you may find needful upon the spot. You are by every opportunity, and once a week certainly, by some means either by way of Casco, Piscataqua, or otherwise to acquaint me of your pro- ceedings and all occurrences, and what may be fur- ther necessary for the service. And to observe such further and other instructions as you shall receive from myself. • o • k As often as you may, advise with Captam Smith and Captain Rogers, commanders of her Majesty's ships. Let your minister, commissary, and surgeons be treated with just respects. I pray to God to preserve, prosper and succeed you. Given under my hand at Boston, the fourth day of May, 1704. ^' J. DUDLEY." Pursuant to his instructions he sent away his trans- ports and forces* to Piscataqua, but was obliged himself to wait upon his excellency by land to Pis- cataqua in Older to raise more forces in the way thither ; and did raise a company under the command of Captain Harridon.f Taking care t o provide a • This collected armament consisted of 550 soldiers, in 14 small transports, and was provided with 36 whale boats, and convoyed by three men of war ; one of 49, one of 82, and one of 14 guns. Hutchinson, II, 132. Douglass, I, 557. t This name is spelt Harreden in Petihallow's history ; but his own signature to the resolve b^ore Portroyal is Har- radon. No other mention is made of him in the Indian wars that I have seen. ^''A. IS. of August the aforego- lint, because caution and olves, by the inder the de- ion Captains 'ise with) ac- eccive, or as jnce a week ay of Casco, } of your pro- [ may be fur- observe such shall receive aptain Smith ler Majesty's , surgeons be d to preserve, fourth day of )UDLEY." way his trans- was obliged y land to Pis- is in the way the command to provid*; a ) soiiUers, in 14 irhale boats, and le of 93, and one , I, 557. allow's history ; 'ortroyal is Har- thc Indian wars FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS, 257 pilot for them in the bay of Fundy. (Colonel Church being directed to one Fellows whom he met with at Ipswich.) And going from thence to Piscataqua with his excellency, was there met by that worthy gentleman, Major Winthrop Hilton,* who was very helpful to him in the whole expedition, whose name and memory ought not to be forgot. Being ready to embark from Piscataqua, Colonel Church requested the commanders of her Majesty's ships, Captain Smith,t and Captain Rogers! to tarry at Piscataqua a fortnight, that so thev might not be discovered by the enemy before he had done some spoil upon them. Then moving'^ in their transports, as directed, got safe into Montinicu8,|| undiscovered by the enemy. Next morning early, fitted out two whaleboats with men, Captun John Cook in one, and Captain Constant Church in the other, and sent them to Green isIandlT upon a discovery. And com- ing there, they parted, one went to one part, and the other to the other part, that so th ey might not miss • Abundant materiak are preserved for a biography of this gentleman. He was a direct descendant of one of the first settlers of Newhampshire in 1633 . He was a ouccesslia offi- cer, but like many others was doomed to fall by savage hands. In addition to what is foand in this history, and Penhallow's Indian Wars, a memoir may be seen in I o*' Farmer and Moore's Col. 241, 951. He was engaged in the masting busi- ness in Exeter, where he lived, and having some fine trees fallen in the woods, went with 17 men to peel the bark off, to save them from the worms ; but a party of Indians, on tS June> 1710, fired upon them from an ambush, and ktUed the Colonel and two more. Colonel Daniel Plumer of Ep- ping, inibrma me that the place where they were killed is in the present town of Epping, N. H. Perhaps not far from what is now called the matt way. 't Commander of the Jersey frigate. I Conuaander uf the frigate Gosport. § May 16. || See note on page 255. T A small woody inland about 5l miles south easterly from Montinicus. 22* I iwmnv iiiiiHii^Mjiijiii 25& FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. of what cottW be discovered. [Here]* tbey met with old Lafaure,* with his two sons, Thomas and Timo- thy, and a Canada Indian. The enemy seeing that they were discovered, threw down their ducks and eggs, who had got a consider- able quantity of each, and ran to their canoes, getting into them, stood directly for the main. [On] look- ing behind them perceived the whaleboats to gain so fast upon them, clapt side by side, and all four got into one canoe, which proved of little advantage to them. For the whaleboats gained so much upon them, and got so near, that Captain Cock, tiring at tHe steersman, which was the Indian, and happened to graze his skull, and quite spoiled his paddling. Upon which old Lafaure, and sons, seeing their com- panion's condition, soon begged for quarter, and had it granted. The two Captains with their success presently returned to their commander taking care that their captives should not discourse together be- fore they wpre examined. When brought to Colonel Church, he ordered them to be apart, and first pro- ceeded to examine old Lafaure, whom he found to be very 8url> and cross ; so that he could gain no intelligence by him. Upon which the commands was resolved to put in practice what he had formerly done at Senecto.f Ordering the Indians to make two large heaps of dry wood, at soiiiio distance one from the other, and to set a large stake in the ground, close to each heap. 1 hen [he] ordered the two sons Thomas and Tirao- 'hy, to be brought, and to be bound to the stakes ; also ordering his Indians to paint themselves with co- lours, which they had brought for that use. Then the Colonel proceeded to examine, first Timothy; 1 [where] • Penhallow, 39, in N. H. Hirt. Col. I, calls him Monafear Lafebure. t The place, which on page 228, it spell Seoactaca. See note 3 of that page. MLS. ibey met with aas and Timo- covered, threw ;ot a consider- ;anoes, getting 1. [On] looli- »oats to gain so id all four got ; advantage to lo ranch ttpon Coc^, firing at and happened his paddling, sing their oorn- larter, and had their success [er taking care le together he- ight to Colonel , and first pro- »m he found \o could gain no resolved to put e at Senecto.f [e heaps of dry ther/and to set to each heap, oas and Tirao- to the stakes ; [Solves with oo- lat use. Then first Timothy; .Us him Monaiear Senactaca. 8ft FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 259 [he]^ told him, [that] he had examin< d his father already, and that if he told him the truth he would save his life, and take him into his service ; and that he should have good pay and live well. He answer- ed, that he would tell him the truth. And [accord- ingly] gave him an account of every thing [that] he knew, which was all minuted down. He bemg ask- ed whether his brother Thomas did not know more than he 1 His answer was, yes, for his brother Tho- mas had a commission.sent him from the Governour* of Canada, to command a company of Indians, who were gathered together at a place where some French gentlemen, lately arrived from Canada, who were officers, to command the rest that were to go west- ward to fight the English ;f and that there was sent to his father, and brother Tom, a considerable quan- tity of flour, fruit, ammunition and stores, for the supply of the said army. He being asked whether he could pilot our forces to them 9 said no ; but his brother Tom could, for he had hid it, and that he was not then with him ? The Colonel asked him what gentlemen those were that came from Canada "? He ^^ ' [and] • Vaudreuil. ' t This is supposed by the historian of Newhampshire, to be the army of which Penhallow gives an account-; who mutinied in their march " about the plunder that they had in view ; forgetting the proverb about dividing the skin be- fore the bear was killed." In consequence of their mutiny moat of them returned ; but a subdivision of them fell upon Lancaster and Groton, kil'.ed two or three persons, and got some plunder. But this army does not correspond with the statement given by Dr. Belknap. See page 161, note 3. After Mr. Penhallow has got quite through with the expedi- tion of Church, and the affair under " Mr. Caleb Lyman" at the westward, he says, " The French in Canada were now forming another design on Northampton." Now it appears to me, that the Doctor is out in his conjecture, and that the army mentioned by Penhallow was not the one mentioned by onr author. And had he looked into Dr. Douglass, Summa- ry, I, B57, he would have found more particulars about it. | m Ef 360 FRENCH AND INDUN WARS. answered, " Monsieur Gourdan,* and Mr. Sharkee. Being asked where they werel answered, " At Pas- samaquado, building a fort there." Being also asked what number of Indians and French there were at Penobrcof? he answered, [that] there were several families, but they lived scattering. Asked hini far- ther, if he would pilot our forces thither'? [He] an- swered [that] he would if the commander would not let the savages roast him. Upon which the Colonel ordered him to be loosed from the stake, and took him by the hand, told him, he would be as kmd t(. him as his own father ; at which he seemed to be very thankful. • ■ u- And then the Colonel proceeded to exarame hi.s brother Tom. [He]* told him tliat he had examined his father and brother ; and that his brother had told him every tittle [that] he knew ; and that he knew more thrn-. his brother Timothy did ; and that if lie would be ingenuous and confess all he knew, he should fare, as well as his brother. But if not, the savages should roast him. Whereupon he solemnly promised that he would, and that he would pilot him to every thing he knew, to the value of a knife ai\d sheath (which without doubt he did.) Then the Col'^^el immediately gave orders for the whaleboats to be ready, and went directly over where the said goods and stores were, and found them as informe ' lock them on board the boats, and return- ed tolhi transports. And ordering provisions to be put inf. every man's knapsack for six or eight days ; so in the dusk of the evening loft their transports, with orders how they should act, and went directly for the main land of Penobscot, and mouth of that 1 [and] • Guorden appears to be the true orthography of thw name He was aaerward taken as will presently be seen. Sharker made a very narrow escape with his wife into the woods. Penhallow, 17, says he was taken, but he must be miftaK*" This errocr is not noted in the N. H. Hist. Soc. Col. Set paga 34. ri' ri( b( sii B< vi F es ta h< C C( Pi g' th ei r« kRB. Mr. Sharkee." jred, " At Pas- sing also asked there were at e were several ^sked him far- her? [Hejan- tder would not ch the Colonel stake, and took be as kind to seemed to be to examine hia had examined rother had told i that he knew , ; and that if ,11 he knew, he But if not, the on he solemnly ivould pilot him of a knife ai>,d B orders for th« ictly over where found them as ats, and return- g provisions to X or eight days ; heir transports, i went directly mouth of that aphyofthisnani«. je seen. Sharkee e iniotlie woodii. nust be mistaken. St. Soc. Col. Set FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 261 river, with their pilots, Tom and Timot|hy, who car- ried them directly to every place and habitation, both of French and Indians thereabouts, (with the as- sistance of one De Young* whom they carried out of Boston jail for the same purpose, [and he]^ was ser- viceable to them.) Being there we killed and took every one, both French and Indians ; not knowing that any one did escape in a'l Penobscot. Among those that were taken wa*" dt. Casteen's daughter, who said that her husband was gone to France, to her father. Monsieur Casteen.f She having her children with her, the conunander was very kind to her and them. All the prisoners that were then taken, held to one story in general, which they had from Lafaure's sons, [viz.,] that there were no more Indians thereabouts, but enough of them at Passamequado. Upon which they returned to their transports with their prisoners and plunder. The commander giving order immediately for the soldiers in the whaleboats to have a recruit of pro- visions for a further pursuit of the enemy. Giving orders to the trtmsports to stay a few days more there, and then go to Mountdesart, (and there to stay for her Majesty's ships, who were directed to come thither,) and there to wait his furtl^cr ortlor. Then Colonel Church with his forces immediately embarked on board their whoiebuius, ,uvi proceeded to scour the coast, and to try, ?f they could discover any of the enemy commg from Passamequado ; mak- ','2 their stops in the day time I't all the points and places where they were certain [thai] t'u; enemy would land, or come by with their canoes, and at night to their paddles. Then coming near where tlu- 1 [who] • In Penhallow, J7, his name is written D'Young and not D. Young as reprinted in Col. N. H. Hist. Soc. I, 33. t Baron De St. Castine. See note 1, on page 164. H; l» vf il > i i „< mi il^m . ''y 262 FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. vessels were ordered to come ^^^^^^^^ covery of the enemy, went directly » ^^^^.^^^ ^herlthe transF^rts were jjs come ^^^ «ome provisions for ^^ «old «rs g ^.^^^^j the ships and tra"Bpor*s ^^^^^^ ^^^ ^^ ^^ to Passamequado, where uiej ^ his forces. ^. , ^^, „^„„ ;„ the whalebpats, Then immediately "»oved away »" i ^^ and made diligent «e"c^^^^^^^ ^^^ ^^{^ inspecting all V}^'\^\''^'1{Z, but found neither to lurk : P-^ticularly at Ma^^^^^^^ ^^ ^^^ ^^^^ h„. fires nor tracks *^oming aue ^^^^^ ^^. bour at Passr.mequado, ^^'^^nel Church didcom- tion. An account whereof Co^one^ ^^^^^^^ municate to his excellency, »>eing « May it pUase your "„^^„,. October ninth, I received yours / thiy" tan , ^^^^^^^ ^^ with the two inclosed '"/ormat ons, ^ actions at Passamequado w "ch .^ ^^^^ ^,^ and true^account ot, as ne i .^ ^^^ evening, On the seventh of J"-^^ J^^* ] ^arWur at said Pas- we entered m at the ^^^J^J^ h„bour to an island, .amequado, doming upsaul ^^^^^^ ^^^ ^^ where landing, v^ came to a ^^^^^^ upop her aFrench woman and ch^Wren. ^^^^^^ ^ j^^^.^g. examination, ^^^td her husban ^^^.^^^ ^^ I asked her, whether hej^jre^ j ^^^^ many, and abouts'l she said 'Yes, there e ^^^^^j^^^ ^^e several on that »«^^"d-^,\^S 'No, they hid in Uie. could pilot me to them/ sam i , j ^^^^^ rod. ' I -l^«t'Xr;wl5l STce; I asked her cd, ' 3u8t now, or a little wm canoes'? whether she knew ^^^'^^SitSei canoes into the «he answered 'No, th^y carried th^^^ ^, lot s:irXt>- we could, taking old 1 as, [nade no dis- Moubtdesart, And taking direction^ (or come directly find him ajad le whalebqats, I, as fonnerlv, my was likely found neither the west har- itered upon ac- hurch did com- foUoweth. October ninth, hat concern my will give a just ssibly I can, viz- in the evemng, ,oar at said Pas- our to an island, [1 house, and took. ! woman upon h^r abroad a fishing, ny Indians there-,, a great many, and her, whether she o, they hid in ihe wtheml answer- nce.' I asked her 1 laid the canoes .' eir canoes into the ilened away along could, takmg old leave Colonel Gor- — 1 .^,.iiii,WH>!pJiH»W»i, FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 263 S «e ISw cenainly meet wUh the Ravage, .o figh.'u,-,.ho,e being. he «"'? 7;J^"'„f;,;'':i"e dians agamst us, or upon us, ana wt^re ^p, ,_ ZJeTSIhltr/f tul I . h.a give„ di. r'/f rr fa°die» were d-ow.ed *ch .he Jwop,- „ pr,..loyed with the T, and looked } next action. s they told me we fetching a in. }, [that] I saw he end of the imediately the f his own army, years before the i have been much enemy. For ac- ; been justified in time. But these f hat amounted to t of their house FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 2G« guns went off, and they fired every inaii', as I tltougUt, and most towards that place vvliero I left titc guard with Monsieur Gourdau. I hud much ado to stop the firing, and told them, I tliought they were mad ; and [that] I believed they had not killed and woundr ed less than forty or fifty of our own men. And I asked them what they shot at ? they luiswered, ' At a Frenchman that ran away.' Hut to admiration no man was killed but he, [the Frcuclirnan] and one of our men wounded in the leg. And ' 'rning about, a Frenchman spoke to me, and I ^ in quarter. Daylight coming on, and nu discus i y made of the enemy, I went to the place where I liud left Mon- sieur Gourdan, to examine him tiud his sons, who agreed in their examinations; old rac two of their men were abroad. It proved a damage. And further told me, that Monsieur 8harkee lived several leagues up, at the head of the river, at the falls, and all the Indians were fishing, and tending their corn there; and that Monsieur Sharkee had sent down to him, to come up to him, to advise about the In- dian army* that was to go westward. But he had returned him answer, [that] his business was urgent, and he could not come up ; and that Siiurkee, and the Indians would certainly be down that day, or the next at the furthest, to come to conclude of that matter. This was a short night's action, aud all sensible men do well know, that actions done in the dark, (being in the night aforesaid) under so many dif- nculties, as we then laboured as before related, was a very hard task for one man, matters being cir- cumstanced as in this action, wiiich would not admit of calling a council ; and at that time could not be confined thereunto. At which time I was transport- ed above fear, or any sort of dread ; yet, being sensi- ble of the danger in my army's crowding so thick together, and of the great duty incumbent on me, * See note 3, of page 259. ?^. 268 FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. % ¥■ I to preserve them from all danger [that] I possibly could, for further improvement m the destruction of our implacable enemies, am ready to conclude, that I was very quick and absolute in giving such com- mands and orders, as I then apprehended most pro- per and advantageous. And had it not been for the intelligence I had received from the French, we took at Penobscot, as before hinted ; and the false report [that] the French women (firut took) gave me, I had not been in such haste. I question not, but those Frenchmen that were slain, had the same good quarter of other prisoners. But I ever loo'!\f>d on it, a good providence of Aimightj' God, that iome few of our cruel and bloody enemies were made sensible of their bloody cruelties, perpe- trated on my dear and loving friends and coun'i ymen ; and that the same measure (in part) meetcd to them, as they had been guilty of, in a barbarous manner at Deerfield ; and, I hope, justly. I hope God Almighty will accept^ hereof, although it may not be eligible to our French implacable enemies, and such others as are not our friends. The Ibregoing journal, and this short annexment, I thought it my duty to exhibit, for the satisfaction of my friends and countrymen, whom I very faithfully and willingly served in the late expedition. And I hope will find acceptance with your excellency, the honourable council and Representatives now assem- bled, as being done from the zeal I had in the said service of her Majesty, and her good subjects here. I remain your most humble and obedient servant, BENJAMIN CHURCH." This night's service being over, immediately Col- onel Church leaves a sufficient guard with Gourdan and the other prisoners, moved in some whaleboats with the rest; and as they were going, spied a smaH thing upon the water at a great distance, which proved to oe a birch canoe with two Indians in her. ARS. hat] I possibly destruction of conclude, that ing such com- ided most pro- >t been for the rench, we took ;he false report ;ave me, I had that were slain, srisouers. But e of Almight} )loody enemies ruelties, perpe- d coun'iymen ; leeted to them, reus manner at I God Almighty )t be eligible to such others as >rt annexment, i satisfaction of '. very faithfully idition. And f excellency, the ^ea now assem- had in the said I subjects here, lent servant, CHURCH." imediately Col- 1 with Gourdan )me whaleboats going, spied a distance, which Indians in her. "Map- , „ , ^.,...r>..»».,«-^.^-..r~- - I /^.^,; , f i ii^-'.^,.'.'^-^'^<^ns be sent on flag of truce, le many cruel- '. Indians have iste our coun- ; places adja- at Deerfield, ig, murdering i at all, or op- and, after all, in the height 1 the journey) i of cold and h cruelties we ^rcised with, already made ? some Cana- it to do or al- ny of Englisli Jtions' to sub- ir cruelties to tier. war and tran- ving but late- ' you, that in- idness to our desire of be- do therefore, y notice, and FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 273 do demand a surrender immediately, by the laying d6wn your arms, upon which, we promise very good quarter ; if not, you must expect the uUnost severity. To the chief commander of the town of Menis, and the inhabitants thereof, and we expect your an- swer, positively, within an hour. Benjamin Church, Cd. John Gorham, lAeut. Col. j WiNTHRop Hilton, Maj." Then moving to the creek, expecting to have had water enough for the boats, as the pilot had informed them, but found not water enough for a canoe. So [they] were obliged to land, intending to have been up at the town before the hour was out, that the summons expressed. For their return was, " that if our forces would not hurt their estates, then they would surrender, if otherwise intended, they should fight for them," &.c. But meeting with several creeks, near twenty or thirty feet deep, which were very muddy and dirty ; so that the army could not get over them, [and] were obliged to return to their boats again, and wait till withm night, before the tide served them to go up to the town. And then [they] intended to go up pretty near the town, and not to fall to, till morning ; being in hopes that the banks of the creeks would shelter them from the enemy. But the tide's rising so high, exposed them all to the enemy ; who had the trees and woods to befriend them ; and so came down in the night, and fired smartly at our forces. But Colonel Church being in a pinnace, that had a small cannon placed in the head, ordered it to be charged several times with bullets, in small bags, and fired at the enemy ; which made such a rattling amongst the trees, that [it] caused the enemy to draw off. And by the great providence of Almighty God, not one of our forces was hurt that night. But li fmmiiii''fmii''if'' 974 n.nnmi i i. FRENCH AND INDIAN WAB8i as I have been informed, [the eneraj]' had coie Jb- dian killed, and aorae others wounded, vrbxh was some discourf^ement to [them.]' Next morning, by break of day. Colonel Church ordered all his forces (and placed Major Hilton on the right wine) to run all up, driving the enemy be- fore them ; who leaving their town to our forces, but had carried away the best of their goods, which were soon found by our soldiers. The bulk of the enemy happenmg to lie against our right wing, caused the hottest dispute there. [They]' lay behind logs and trees, till our forces, and Major Hilton, who led them, came [—J* upon them, and forced them to run. And notwithstanding the sharp firing of the enemy at our forces, by the repeated providence of God, there was never a man of ours killed or wounded. Our soldiers not having been long in town, before they found considerable quantities of strong drink, both brandy and claret ; and being very greedy after it, especially the Indians, were very disorderly ; firing at every pig, turkey, or fowl [that] they saw ; of which [there] were very plenty in the town, which endangered our own men. Colonel Church perceiving the disorder, and firing of his own men, ran to put a stop to it, [and] had several shot come very near him. And finding what had occasioned this disorder, commanded his officers to knock oat the heads of every cask of strong liquor they could find in the town, to prevent any further disturbance among his armyj knowing, [that] it was impossible to have kept it fi-om them, especially the Indians, if it were saved, <&c. Then some of the army who were desirous to pursue the enemy, having heard them driving away their cattle, requested the Colonel to let them go. fHel* did, and gave them their orders. Captain Cooke, and Captain Church to lead the two winga, »tthey] » [the enemy] 3 [who] < [on] »[who] ''iiri1fftiriMm>lii HlMii mtm jmiiimfimiiiitiK-im ABSi ]' h«d one Jn- ed, wb'.ch was oloncl Church aior Hilton on the enemy be- our forces, but Is, which were I of the enemy ng, caused the ;hind logs and who led them, them to run. of the enemy lence of GocI, r wounded, fi town, before strong drink, very greedy !ry disorderly ; lat] they saw ; in the town, •lon^l Chnrch his own men, ral shot come id occasioned to knock oat or they could !r disturbance as impossible he Indians, if e desirous to driving away let them go. irs. Captain lie two wmgs, FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 276 and Lieutenant Barker,* who led the Colonel's com- pany, in the centre. And the said Captain Cooke and Captain Church desired Lieutenant Barker not to move too fast; so that he might have the benefit of their assistance, if he had occasion. But the said Lieutenant not being so careful as he should have been, or at least was too eager, was shot down, and another man, which were all the men that were kill- ed in the whole expedition.f Towards night. Colonel Church ordered some of his forces to pull down some of the houses, and others to get logs and make a fortification for his whole army to lodge in,. that night; that so they might be together. And just before night [he] or- dered some of his men to go [and] see if there were any men in any of the houses in the town ; [and] if Rhere were] not, to set them all on fire, which was done ; and the whole town seemed to be on fire «ll at once, &,c. The next morning the Colonel gave orders to his men, to dig down the dams, and let the tide in, to destroy all their corn, and every thing that was good according to his instructions ;% and to burn the for- tification which they had built the day before ; and when the tide served to put all the plunder which they had got into the boats. Then ordering his 8<^ diers to march a good distance one fi-om another, which caused the enen>y to think that there were no less than a thousand men, as they said afterwards; and that the burning o' 'M fortification, and doing as they did, caused the eii o ny to think that they were • Charlevoix, in his account of the taking of Meni8,.8Ma, that the Lieutenant General of the English forces, was Kfi- ed, by which the Lieutenant of Church's company is meant. t Penhallow in N. H. Hist. Col. I, 84, says " not above six (lied in the whole expedition." 1 Thus do governments cause such horrid scenes. B«t is the crime lessened? They are considered right inthetmde and custom of war. But is it so on that account? m 970 «anmMH4m!qiip«ippi|inifp|PtiMp FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. gone clear off, and not to return again. But it prov- ed to the contrary ; for Colonel Church and his for- ces, only went aboard their transports, and there staid till the- tide served. In the night [thcy]^ embarked on board their whaleboats, landed some of their men, expecting they might meet with some of the enemv mending their dams ; which they did. And with their boats went up another branch of the river to another town or village, [and] upon such a surprise, [that they] took as many prisoners as they could de- sire. And it happened that Colonel Church was at the French Captain's house when two gentlemen came post from the Governour* of Portroyal to him, who was the chief commander at Menis, with an express to send away two companies of men to defend the King's fort there ; and to give him an account, that there were three English men of war come into Port- royal gut, or harbour ; and that the men sent for mu^t be posted away with all speed. Colonel Church, as was said before, being there, treated the two gen- tlemen very handsomely, and told them, [that] he would send them back again post to their mastdr upon his business. And bid them, give him his hearty thanks for sending him such good news, that part of his fleet was in so good a harbour. Then reading the summons to them that he had sent to Menis. Further added, that their master, the Governour of Portroyal, must immediately send away a post to the Governour of Canada, at Quebeck, to prevent his further sending any of his cruel and bloody French, and savages, as he had lately done upon Deerfield, where they had committed such horrible and bloody outrages upon those poor people, that never did IJhUl ■ • Monsieur De Subercase, this year came in to be govern- our of Acadie. Portroyal, I suspect, was his principal seat. The next year he drove the Enelish from Newfouodland, and destroyed their settlements. Holmes II, 65. a it d an 01 — ■:S AR8. But it prov- ;h and his for- and there staid ey]' embarked le of their men, ! of the enemy id. And with of the river to luch a surprise, they could de- irch was at the entlemen came al to him, who i^ith an express 1 to defend the n account, that some into Port- men sent for /olonel Church, id the two gen- them, [that] he o their mastdr ; him his hearty vs, that part of Then reading sent to Menis. 5 Governour of ay a post to the to prevent his' bloody French, jpon Deeriield, ble and bloody that never did e in to be govern- his principal seat. (II Newfouodland, ,65. FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 27? them any harm, as is intolerable to think of; and that for the future, if any such hostilities were made upon our frontier towns, or any of them, he would come out with a thousand savages, and whalebools convenient, and turn his back upon them, and let his savages scalp, and roast the French ; or, at least* treat them as their savages had treated ours. [He] also gave them an account of part of that u'^j*!'-!** Passamequado, and how that his soldiers had killed and scalped some Canada men there, and would be glad to serve them so too, if he would per- mit them, which terrified them very much,* &c. The two French gentlemen that came post, made solemn promises, that they would punctually do the Colonel's message to their Governour. So with the desire of the French people there, that the Govern- our might have this intelligence. Colonel Church dismissed them, and sent them away; telling the same story to several of the prisoners, and what they must expect, if some speedy course were not taken to prevent further outrages upon the English. The number of prisoners! tlien present, which were con- siderable, did unanimously entreat of Colonel Church, that he would take tliem under the protection of the crown of England; making great promises of their fidelity to the same ; begging with great agony of spirit to save their lives, and to protect them from his savages, whom they extremely dreaded. As to the matter of the savages, he told them, [that] if Would be just retaliation for him to permit his savages to treat the French in the same manner, as the French with their savages treated our friends in our frontier towns. But as to his taking them un- der the protec tion of the crown of England, he ut- •This, the commander of Portroyal, says Hatchinson, must know (o be a gasconade. t Penhallow says, that in this expedition one hundred pri- soners were taken. So says Dr. Douglass, I, 807 : problSiiT on the same authority. > r «*w/ 24 h f 111 il i iHT iii | i n,il i |» i i i iii A W Mili iii n i 278 FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. terly refused it ; urging to tliem, their former perfi- diousness. I'hey also urging to him, that it would be impossible for any French to live any where in the bay of Fundy, if they were not taken under the Eng- lish government. For with the benefit of the whale- boats, (as the English called them) they could .ake and destroy all their people in the town of Menis, in one night. But he replied to them, [that] it should never be. Alleging to them, that wlien they were so before, when Fortroyal was taken last by the Eng- lish,* that it proved of very ill consequence to the crown of England, and the subjects thereof in our frontiers. For that our English traders supplying them, enabled them (which opportunity thejr improv- ed) to supply the Indians, our bloody enemies; and, therefore; he could make no other terms of peace with them, than, that if the French at Menis, Sig- necto, and Canada, would keep at home with their bloody savages, and not commit any hostilities upon any o( our frontiers, we would return home and leave them. For that we lived at a great distance off, and had not come near them to hurt them now, had not the blood of our poor friends and brethren, in all the frontiers of our province cried for vengeance. Especially, that late unheard of barbarity committed "•li is situated on the west side of Novascotia, on a rjver of the same name, which flows into the bay of Fundy. Men- tion has been made of the expedition to Canada in 1690, un- der Sir William Phips ; the reduction of Portroyal was exe- cuted under the same gentleman, in the^ame year, but pre- vious. It was commanded by Gov. Menival, who built it about 1668. When Phips took it, it wa^ both " ill fortified and ill provided." See note 1, on page 177. it was in no condition to stand a fiege, and submitted w thout resistance. (Hutch- inson, I, 353.) But it was »n 1705, retaken by the French. Again in 1710, a large armament under Col. Nicholson^ent against it, of which they made an easy conquest. There were but 260 men to defend it. The English nad 5 Ingates, 5 lower rates and 24 transports. After it was taken the name was changed from Port Royal to Annapolis royal, which it vet retains. Pftr^ . sir former perfi- that it would be ay where in the under the Eng- fit of the whale- they could ,ake town of Menis, , [that] it should when they were last by the Eng- lequence to the s thereof in our aders supplying lity they improv- y enemies; and, terms of peace I at Menis, Sig- liome with their ' hostilities upon 1 hom6 and leave distance off, and im now, had not brethren, in all 1 for vengeance, larity committed ivascotia, on a river T of Fundy. Men- Janadain 1690, un- Portrof al was exe- S'ame year, but pre- il, who built it about " ill fortified and ill was in no condition distance. (Jlutch- ken by the French. Del. Nicholson went f conquest. There gli^h had 5 frigates, er it was taken the :o Annapolis royal. FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 279 upon the town of Deerfield ; which wrought so gene- rally on the hearts of our people, that our forces came out with that unanimity of spirit, both among the English and our savages, that wc had not, nor needed a pressed- man among tUein. The Colonel also telling them, that if ever hereafter any of our frontiers, east or west, were molested by them, as formerly, that he would, (if God spared his life) and they might depend upon it, return upon them with a thousand of his savages, (if he wanted them,) all vo- lunteers, with our whaleboats, and pursue them to the last extremity. The Colonel's warm discourse with them, wrought such a consternation in them, which they discovered by their panick fears and trembling, their hearts sen- sibly beating, and rising up, as it werj, ready to choke them. [They] confessed, that they were all his pri- soners, and begged of him, for JESUS' sake, to save their lives, and the lives of their poor families, with such melting terms, as wrought relentings in the Colonel's breast towards them. But however, he told them, that his intent was to carry as many prisoners home as he could ; but that he had taken so many, they were more than he had occasion for, nor desired any more; and, therefore, he would leave them. The Colonel resolving the next day to complete all his action at Menis, and so draw off. Accordingly, [he] sent his orders to Colonel Gorham and Major Hilton, with all the English companies, both officers and soldiers, except some few, which he thought he might have occasion for, to go with the Indians in the whaleboats, up the eastward river, where a third part of the inhabitants lived. That so he might prevent any reflection made on them, in leaving any part of the service undone. And therefore, in the evening, ordered all the whaleboats to be laid ready for the night's service. And, accordingly when the tide serv- ed, he Went with his Indians up the river, where they did some spoil upon the enemy going up. n If Hi m -'^SS yfftiiiiiiaii ^ ■^ ;,; ^^ij fj y* mm ?;>i.'-'^^'---^~ 38D FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. In the morning, several of their transports came to meet them, to their great rejoicing, whom they went on board [of] and soon came up with tlie whole fleet, with whom thejr joined, bending their course directly towards Portroyal, where they were ordered. Com- ing to Portroyal gut, where their ships were, and call- ing a council according to his instructions, drew up their result, which is as followeth.* " Present all the Field Chfjicers and Captains of^ the landjfarces, aboard the province GaUey, 4th July, 1704, in Portroyal harbour. We whose names are hereunto subscribed, having deliberately considered the cause in hand, whether it be proper to Lnd all our forces, to offend and destroy as much as we can at Portroyal, all or any part of the inhabitants thereof, and their estates, we are of opin- ion, that it is not for our interest and honour, and the coMntry's whom we serve, to land and expose omr- selves ; but quit it wholly, and go on about our other business, we have to do; for this reason, that wc judge ourselves inferiour to the strength of the ene- my ; and, therefore, the danger and risk we run. is greater than the advantage we can, or are likely to obtain ; seeing, the enemy hath such timely notice, and long opportunity to provide themselves against us; by our ships' lying here in the road about twelve _days bjfore we could join them from Menis, where we were during tl le, and being so meanly pro- vided with necessarifcs, convenient for such an under- taking with so small a number of men, not being four hundred, capable and fit for service to land ; and, understandi.ng. by all the intelligence we can • That any steps should be taken, or even any thing said about reducing Portroyal, may seem strange, after they^had been so jieremptarily refused, 'by the Governour, as has been related in the preceding history. See page 253. VARS. nsports came to irhom they went the whole fleet, • course directly ordered. Com- I were, and call- ctions, drew up Captains of the alley, 4th Jvly, iscribed, having [land, whether it end and destroy r any part of the we are of opin- honour, and the ind expose ouf- about our other eason, that wc igth of the ene- risk we run. is or are likely to h timely notice, mselves against ad about twelve n Menis, where ; so meanly pro- r such an under- mcn, not being ervice to land ; ligence wc can ren any thing said ige, alter they had rnour, as has been re 253. FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 281 get, from both English, and French prisoners, that the fort is e.tceeding strong. John Gorhah, lAeut. Col. WiNTHROp Hilton, Major, Jos. Brown, James Cole, John Cook, Isaac Myrick, John Harradon, Constant Church, John Dyer, Joshua Lamb, Caleb Williamson, Edward Church." " Having pursuant to my instructions, taken the ad* vice of the gentlemen above subscribed, and con- sidering the weight of their reasons, I do concur therewith. BENJAMIN CHURCH." " Whereas Colonel Church hath desired our opin- ions, as to the landing the forces at Portroyal, they being but four hundred effective men to4and ; and by all the information, both of French and English prisoners, the enemy having a greater number of men, and much better provided to receive, than they are to attack them, we do believe, it is for the service of the crown, and the preservation of her Majesty's sub- jects, to act as above mentioned. Thomas Smith, George Rogers, Cyprian Southack." After this they concluded what should be next done, which was, that the ships should stay some days longer at Portroyal gut, and then go over to Mount- dcsart harbour, and there stay till Colonel Church, with his transports, came to them. Being all ready, the Colonel with his transports and forces went up the bay to Signecto, where they need- 24* Hi WMh FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. ed not a pilot, being several of them well acquainted there. (And [theyj had not met with so many diffi- culties at Menis, had it not been that their pilot de- ceived them, who knew nothing of the matter, [and] kept out of the way, and landed not with theni, &c.) And coming to Signecto, the enemy were all in arms to receive tnem. Colonel Church landing his men, the commander of the enemy waving his sword over his head, bid a challenge to them. The Colonel or- dering his two wings to march up apace, and come upon the backs of the enemy. Himself being in the centre, and the enemy knov^ing him, (having Ijeen there before) shot chiefly at him. But through God's goodness, received no harm ; neither had he one man killed, nor but two slightly wounded ; and then all ran into the wooas, and left their town with nothing in it. Having had timely notice of our forces' [coming, they] had carried all away out of the reach of our army ; for Colonel Church while there with part of his for- ces^ ranged the woods, but to no purpose. Then re- turning to the town, did them what spoil he could, according to his instructions, and so drew oflf, and made the best of their way for Passamequado. And going in, in a great fog, one of their transports ran upon a rock, but was soon got off again. Then Colonel Church with some of his forces em- barked in their whaleboats, and weni amongst the islands, with an intent to go to Sharkee's where they had destroyed the fish. But observing a springy place in a cove, went on shore to get some water to drink. It being a sandy beach, they espied tracks; the Colonel presently ordered his men to scatter and make search. [They] soon found De Boisscs'* wife, who had formerly been Colonel Church's prisoner, and carried to Boston, but returned ; who seemed very glad to see him. She had with her, two sons, that were near men grown. The Colonel ordering them apart, examined the woman first, who gave him this account following. That she had lived there- / * Dubois. Pronounced Duboy. ARS. ell acquainted 1 so many difli- their pilot de- I matter, [and] ith them, &c.) rere all in arms nding his men, his sword over 'he Colonel or- ace, and come ilf being in the , (having lieen I through God's lad he one man ind then all ran h nothing in it. [coming, they] h of our army ; part of his for- ose. Then re- spoil ho could, I drew off, and lequado. And transports ran tin. f his forces em- it amongst the ee's where they ving a springy t some water to espied tracks; 1 to scatter and ! Boisscs'* wife, arch's prisoner, 1; who seemed I her, two sons, olonel ordering t, who gave him ad lived there- )y. FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 283 abouts ever since the fleet went by ; and that she had never seen but two Indians since, who came in a canoe from Norrigwock ;* [and that they]' asked her, ♦ what made her to be there alone V she told them [that] she had not seen a Frenchman nor an Indian, except those two, since the English ships went by. Then the Indians told her, 'there was not one Indian left, except those two, who belonged to the gut of Canso, on this side of Canada. For those friars coming down with the Indians to Monsieur Gourdan's ; and finding the Frenchmen slain, and their hair spoiled, being scalped, put them into a great consternation. And the friars told them it was im- possible for them to live thereabouts ; for the Eng- lish with their whalchoats would serve them all so ; upon which they all went to Norrigwock.' Also told her that ' when the English came along through Penobscot, they had swept it of the inhabitants, as if it had been swept with a broom ; neither Frendh nor Indians escaping them.' [And,] further told her, that when their fathers, the friars, and the Indians met together at Norrigwock, they called a council, and the friars told the Indians, that they must look out for some other country, for that it was impossi- ble for them to live there.' Also told them [that] ' there was a river called Mossipee,f where they might live quietly, and no English come near them ; it be- ing as far beyond Canada as it was to it, &c., and if they would go and live there ; they would live and die with them ; but if not they would leave them, and never come near them again.' Whereupon they all agreed to go away, which they did; and left their rough household stuflf, and corn behind them ; and went all, except those two, for Canada. Also her sons giving the same intelligence, so we had no reason to think, but that it was true. • [who] * Norridgewock. See note 1, on page 337. t The river Mississippi I suppose was meant. m 384 FRENCH AND IPJDIAN WARS. Colonel Church having done what he could there, embarked on board the transports, and went to Mountdesart. [He] found no ships there, but a rundlet, rid off by a line in the harbour, which he ordered to be taken up. And opening of it, found a letter, which gave him an account that the ships were gone home for Boston. Then he proceeded and went to Penobscot. Where being come, [they] made diligent search in those parts for the enemy ; but could not find, or make any discovery of them ; or that any had been there, since he left those parts ; which caused him to believe what Do Boisses' wife had tcld him was true. I will, only by the way, just give a hint of what we heard since, of the effects of this expedition, and then procoed. First, that the English forces that went next to Norrigwock, found that the enemy was gone, and had left their rough household stuff, and corn behind them.* Also, not long after tliis expedition, there were several gentlomenf sent down from Canada, to con- • Referencp is here made, it is IhoiiKltt, to the expedition under Col. Hilton, in the winter of 1705. He with 250 Eng- lish, and SO Indians (Dr. Douglass says he had but 320 men) repaired 1o Norridgewock on snow snoes, but found no ene- tuies to conlenil with. They burned the deserted wigwams, and a chapel, and then returned. See Belknap, 1, 268, and Penhallow, 28. About the same time an express was ordered with snow shoes for th** frontiers, but was intercepted by a scout from Montreal, who robbed him of 50 pounds in money ; which, on being taken lo Canada, the tiovernour converted it into a bowI,and called it the Newengland gift, lb., or N. H. Hist. Soc. Col. 1, 43. t Hutchinson, H, 141, sub anno 1706, mentions that 4 or 5 persons were sent to Canada " for the exchange of prisoners, who brought back Mr, Williams, the minister, and many of the inhabitants of Decrfield, with other captives." He men- tions no more than one's being sent from Canada, and that, after ours had been sent there. Hence it appears that he was not very well acquainted with the affair ; for Penhal- low's history was extant before he wrote, who gives the par- ticulars about it, viz., that on " the 4 May 1705, Capt. Hill, '""^ ITARS. he could there, , and went " to IS there, but a rbour, which he ig of it, found a that the ships lobscot. Where iearch in those nd, or make any ccn there, since him to believe i^as true, a hint of what expedition, and lisli forces that : the enemy was ehold stuff, and ion, there were Canada, to con- to the expedition He with 350 Eng- had but 320 men) but found no ene- leserted wigwams, ilknap, I, 268, and rdered with snow d by a scout from money ; which, on :onverted it into a lb., or N. H. Hist. lentions that 4 or h lan^e of iirisoners, islcr, and many of plives." He men- Canada, and that, it appears that he tffair; for Penhal- who gives the par- y 1705, Capt. Hill, FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 285 cert with our Govemour about the settling of a car- tel for the exchange of prisoners ; and that the Gov- emour* of Canada has never since sent down an army upon our frontiers, (that I know of) except sometimes a scout of Indians to take some prisoners) that he might be informed of our state, and what we were acting, &.c. And always took care that the prisoners so taken, should be civilly treated, and safely returned, as I have been informed. [Also,j that some of the prisoners that were taken gave an account [to this effect;] so that we have great cause to believe, that the message [which] Colonel Church sent by the two French gentlemen from Menis, to the Governour of Portroyal, took effect, and was a means to bring peace in our borders, «&,c. Then Colonel Church with his forces embarked on board the transports, and went to Casco bay, where they met with Captain Gallop, in a vessel from Bos- ton, who had brought Colonel Church further orders; ■ which were, to send some of his forces up to Norrig- wock, in pursuit of the enemy. But he being sensi- ble that the enemy were gone from thence, and that his soldiers were much worn out, and fatigued in the hard service they had already done, and wanted to get home, [he] called a council, and agreed, all to go hoipe ; which, accordingly they did. To conclude this expedition, I will just give a hint of some treatment,f [which] Colonel Church had be- who was formerly taken at Wells and carried to Catiaih, was from thence sent to concert the exchange of prisoners." He gave information that there were about 187 Enttlitli Eriaoners with the French and Indians. " Upon the advice ereof,* the persons mentioned by Hutchinson, were seift to Canada, and succeeded in rescuing about 60 captives. The French Governour was kept in suspense by the management of Governour Dudley. He wished for a neutrality, and dur- ing the time, the frontiers enjoyed peace and tranquillity. Hutchinson, ib. * Vaudreuil. t It appears that Church was censured wrongfully, and for Bome time, bore the faults, due only to others. For it m m. 286 FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. fore and after he came home. For all his great ex- penses, fatigues and hardships, in and about this ex- pedition, viz., he received of his excellency fifteen pounds, as an earnest penny, towards raising volun- teers. And after he came to receive his deben- ture for his ColoneFs pay, there v/ctetwoahiUinga and four pence due to him. And as for his Captain's pay* and man Jack ; he has never received any thing as yet. Also, after he came home, some ill minded per- sons did their endeavour to have taken away his life ; for there were some of the French enemy killed,f [in] this expedition. But his excellency the Gov- ernour, the honourable council, imd the house of representatives, saw cause to clear him, and gave him thanks for his good service done.{ was generally thought by the people, that Col. Church went on this expedition, ior the express purpose of reducing Port- royaL as it was, by the government, styled the "Portroyal ex- pedition," or, as entered on the council books " an expedition to Portroyal," not knowing that he was strictly ordered to the contrary ; therefore, we are not surprised that he should be blained, until the truth should be known. Th'e Govern- our was accused of preserving that place to benefit himself by an illegal trade with the inhabitants. However this may be, he excused himself by saying, that he had no orders from the Queen to go against it ; and that her Majesty was to send over in the spring, a force expressly for that purpose, as has been previously stated in this history. * It will be recollected that he was commissioned Colonel and Captain at the same time, and in the same warrant. t See page 265. Some of the enemy that would not sur- render. t Thus ends the military achievements of the justly cele- brated Benjamin Church. [The reader is requested to correct an errourin Dr. Douglass' History, I, 557, 8, where he observes, that Col. Church made an expedition in 1707-^ ; it was Col. March.] RS. I his great ex- about this ex- jllency fifteen raising volun- ire his deben- oshillinga and his Captain's ived any thing minded pcr- away his life; nemy killed,f ticy the Gov- the house of > and gave him dI. Church went r reducing Port- B "Portroyal ex- i " an expedition ictly ordered to d that he should Th'e Govern- I benefit himself Dwever this may d no orders from Majesty was to r that purpose, issioncd Colonel ne warrant, would not sur- the justly cele- is requested to I, 557, 8, where ition in 1707-8 ; APPENDIX. |.-_aOMi: ACCOUNT OF THE EARLY VOYAGES TO, AMD SETTLEMENTS IN NORTH AMERICA, AND THE TREATMENT OF THE INDIANS BY THOSE VOYAGERS. , As early as 1508, the natives of North America began to be carried away by voyagers, sometimes by force, and sometimes by flattery. At this early pe- riod, one Aubert, a Frenchman, sailed up the river St. Lawrence, and on his return to France, conveyed off a number of the natives.* In 1585, a colony was sent out from England, under the direction of Sir Walter Ralegh, and was settled at Roanoke. This was the first English colony planted in America.t Through their misconduct to the natives, and to one another, they found themselves in a miserable condi- tion before the end of a year. Sir Francis Drake returning that way from a cruise against the Spani- ards, gave them a passage to England m his fleet. Just before the arrival of Drake, a chief, and many of his men were killed, and afterwards an Indian town was burned, by order of Sir Richard Grenville, who brought supplies to the colonists. In 1602, Bartholomew Gosnold sailed from Eng- land, and was the first Englishman that came in a direct course to this part of America.^ He fell in with the coast near Cape Cod, which he discovered. Being met near the shore, by the natives in their ca- itU • American Annals, I, 87. tBelknap,Biug. I, 'iSl. t lb. I, 119. » mm ' 288 APPENDIX. noes, was kindly treated by them, and they helped him load his vessels.* The next year, Martin Pring arrived on the coast, and collected a cargo of Sassafras.f The Indians appeared hostile to this company, and caused them to leave the coast, sooner than they would otherwise have done. But this was not without a cause. A canoe had been stolen from them, and they were sported with by the sailors, who, to get rid of them, when they had amused themselves sutiiciently, would set their dogs'to chase them away. In 1605, Captain George Weymouthcarried off five of the natives from the coast of Newengland, against their consent ; one of whom was a chief. In 1607, the first permanent colony of Virginia arrived in the Chesapeak, the twentysixth of April, and the thirteenth of May, they took a position for a town ; which, soon after, in honour of King James, was named Japies Town. They were annoyed by the Jndians at first, and one person was killed. A peace was concluded in June following, but it was of short duration. An attempt, also, to settle a colony on Kennebeck river was made this year, but was relinquished the next.J In 1614, Captsun John Smith made a profitable voyage to Newengland, and made an accurate sur- vey of its coast. The Newengland Indians, in this voyage, were justly incensed against the English, to a great degree. When Smith went for England, he left one Hunt to complete his cargo of fish. This Eerfidious man enticed twentyfour Indians on board is vessel, put them in confinement, and sold them ^t.I^laga, to th.- Spaniards, for slaves. In the course ! year, another vessel came on the coast to trade witl^o of those taken off by Hunt, to assist i n the , • Sassafras and furs were then the articles of exportation. tSee Belknap's life of Prine. Sassafras was collected about the islands. Pring found it on what is now Edgarr town. X See page 171 and note 5. •mimtnmmmmm^' — APPENDIX. 289 1 they helped 1 on the coast, The Indians 1 caused them )uld otherwise I a cause. A nd they were t rid of them, ciently, would carried off five gland, against ef. y of Virginia ixth of April, a position for if King James, e annoyed by ^as killed. A ng, but it was >, to settle a this year, but e a profitable I accurate sur- ndians, in this he English, to >r England, he of fish. This lians on board and sold them In the course ! coast to trade lo assist in the, of exportation. LS was collected ig now Edgarr business. It was now designed to settle a trading hoose, but the Indians soon discouraged them in the attempt. One of the prisoners had died, and the other was not permitted to go on shore. But some approached the ship under pretence of trade, and he jumped overboard. His frie nds in the canoes discharg- ed their arrows so thick at the same time, that m defiance of the English guns, they got him on board, and paddled off. A number of the English were badlv wounded; and some of the Indians killed. The English were discoura^'ed, and sailed for England.* Two other natives, c irried away by Hunt, found means, in time, to get back to Newengland, and in some measure, allayed the vengeance of their coun- trymen ; by assuring them that the English, in gene- ral, were highly displeased at the conduct of Captain Hunt.f These, and many other insults on the Indians, though small, in comparison with those suffered by their race in South America, were more than enough to cause them to entertain fearful apprehensions qf every stranger. Before 1619, perhaps it would have been alto- gether impracticable to have attempted a settlement in Newengland, previous to this time. The natives, before which, were extremely numerous and warlike ; but this year,| a mortal sickness prevailed among them, that almost entirely desolated the country ; in- somuch, that the living could not bury the dead. For when the Pilerims arrived at Plymouth, the ground was strewed with human bones. The extent of this pestilence was from Penobscot to Narraganset.^ * American Annals, I, 184, m. t Hist. N. H. 1, 10, 11. t It is not certain that this plague happened in £8l9,*f . ihonghfrom Johnson and others cited by Holmes, (l,iWI, 208,) it appears probable. Morton, 35, says that it was two or three years before the settlement of Plymouth. Prince, Chron. 119, thinks this plague raged as early as 1616 or 17. § Prince, Chron. 1S8, and Belknap, Biog. T, 356. , .* 25 lii' ypg^MR^ "B!" 390 APPENDIX. II.— ORIGIN OF THE SETTLEMENT OF NEWENOLANU. BiooTRT and superstition began to lose some ffround in England, as early as 1550. And the per- secutions, and sufferings of the early martyrs of re- lieious freedom, have been the subject of many mas- sy volumes. In 1549, a-liturgy had been prepared by the bishops, and a law passed both houses of Far- liament, "that all divine offices should be performed according to it."* The clergy were ordered to conform to the liturgy, under pain of fines and im- - prisonment. And, as has always since been the cmc, among all sects, the new sect, then denommated fv. ritana, grew more numerous, in proportion, as the severity of persecution increased. „ , , ., In 1607, a congregation fled from England into Holland, and in 1608, were joined by others, and a church was there established, according, as they be- lieved, to the principles of the primitive church ot Christ ; having Mr. .fohn Robinson for their pastor. Their removal from England into Holland, was at- tended with the greatest difficulties, and though over- looked by the chief historians, who have written upon their history, is certainly among the first articles that should be related. It formed a part of a Manuscript History, written by Mr. William Bradford, one of their number, which, though since lostf, was m pos- session of Governour Hutchinson, who copied this valuable part into his "summary of the affairs ot the colony of New Plymouth,"} which is as follows. "There was a large company of them proposed to get passage at Bo ston in L i ncolnshire, and for tha t • Holmes' Annals, I, 50. . .. « •* + At least it has not been seen since 1775, when the Brit- ish rinS'unde^ Gen. Gage, in a sacrilegious manner, di.- tiberthe contents of the ofd south church, where it WM de. posited. X In his Hist. Mass. II, No. I Appendix. NEWENGLANU. I to lose some . And the per- y tnartyr§ of re- ct of many mas- I been prepared h houses of Par- Id be performed rere ordered to of fines and im- < ce been the case, lenominated Pip- oportion, as the m England into by others, and a ding, as they be- litive church of for their pastor, rlolland, was at- and though over- lave written upon first articles that I of a Manuscript Bradford, one of lostf, was in pos- who copied this the aflairs of the is as follows, them proposed to lire, and for that ,775, when the Brit- legious manner, di«- ch, where it was de- APPENDIX. 291 end hud hired a ship wholly lf> UicmselvcH, and made agreement with the master to bu ready nt a certain day, and take them and their gt>n;ls in at a conve- nient place, where accordingly tin \v would all attend in readiness. So after long waiting und large ex- pense, though he kept not day with them, yet he came at length and took them in, in the night. But when he had them and their goods aboard he betrayed them, having beforehand coniplotted with tlie search- ers and other officers so to do, who took them and put them into open boats, and tluin rifled and ransacked them, searching them to their shirts for money, yea, even the women, further than bc( anie modesty, and then carried them back into the town, and made them a spectacle and wonder to the multitude, which came flocking on all sides to behold them. Being tlius, first by the catch-poles, rifled and stript of their money, books, and much other goods, they were pre- sented to the magistrates, and messengers sent to in- form the lords of the council of them, and so they were committed to ward. Indeed the magistrates used them courteously, and showed them what favour they could, but could not deliver them till order came from the council table ; but the issue was, that after a month's imprisonment, the greatest part were dismissed, and sent to the places from whence they came, but seven of the principal men were still kept in prison and bound over, to the assizes. The next spring after, there was another attempt made, by acme of these and others, to get over at another place. And so it fell out, that they light of a Dutch- man at Hull, having a ship of his own belongmg to Zealand. They made agreement with him, and ac- quainted him with their condition, hoping to find more faithfulness in him, than in the former of theii- own nation. He bade them not fear, for he would do well enough. He was by apppointment to take them in, between Grindstone * and Hull, where was a large • Grimsby says Belknap. I it mi^ ^^i«iifMf«««mpM^Ri«> 292 APPENDIX. common, a good way distant from any town. Now against the prefixed time, the women and children, with the goods, were sent to the place in a small bark, which thev had hired for that end, and the men were to meet them by land ; but it so fell out, that they were there a day before the ship came, and the sea being rough and the women very sick, prevailed with the seamen to put into a creek hard by, where they lay on ground at low water. The next mor«ing the ship came, but they were fast and could not stir till about noon. In the mean time, the ship master per- ceivinff how the matter was, sent his boat to get the men aboard, whom he saw ready, walking about the shore, but after the first boat-full was got aboard, and she was ready to go for more, the master espied a great company both horse and foot, with bills and guns and other weapons, for the country was raised to take them. The DuCchman seeing that, swore his country oath, ' SacramerUe' and having the wind fair, weighed anchor, hoisted sails, and away. After en- during a fearful storm at sea, for fourteen days or more, seven whereof they never saw sun, moon nor stars, and being driven near the coast of Norway, they arrived at their desired haven, where the people came flocking, admiring their deliverance, the storm having been so long and sore, in which much hurt had been done, as the master's friends related to him in their congratulations. The rest of the men that were in greatest danger, made a shift to escape away before the troop could surprise them, those only stay- ing that best might be assisting unto the women. But pitiful it was to see the heavy case of these poor women in distress ; what weeping and crying on every side, some for their husbands that were carried away in the ship, others not knowing what should become of them and their little ones, crying for fear and quaking with cold. Being apprehended, they were hurried from one place to another, till in the end they knew not what to do with them ; for, to imprison su {' ly town. Now 1 and children, lace in a small id, and the men !o fell out, that me, and the sea , prevailed with by, where they Kt morving the lid not stir till hip master per- t>oat to get the king about the [ot aboard, and taster espied a with bills and itry was raised that, swore his ; the wind fair, ay. After en- urteen days or sun, moon nor ist of Norway, lere the people nee, the storm lich much hurt related to him r the men that :o escape away hose only stay- o the women. 3 of these poor Tying on every e carried away ihould become ; for fear and led, they were in the end they to imprison so APPENDIX. ' aife many women with their innocent childi«D lor no other cause, many of thorn, but that they would go with their husbands, seemed to be unreasonable, and all would cry out of them; and to send them home again was as difi\cult, for they alleged, ns the truth was, they had no nomcs to go to, for they had either sold or otherwise disposed of their houses and liv- ings : To be short, after they had been thus turmoiled a good while, and conveyed from one constable to another, they were glad to be rid of them in the end upon any terms, though, in the mean time, they, poor souls, endured misery enough." After remainins several years in Holland, they be- {|;an to fear that their company would finally become ost, by their connexion with the Dutch ; and that their efforts to establish the true religion, also lost. Some of their young men had already engaged in the military service of the Dutch, and marriages witli their young women had taken place. These things caused much grief to the pious Forefathers ; more especially, because the Dutch were dissolute in their morals. Under these considerations, their thoughts were turned towards America; but, never so far north as Newengland. Sir Walter Ralegh was about this time,* projecting a settlement in Guiana, and this place was first taken under consideration. Here a perpetual spring was promised, and all the beauties of a tropical summer. But considering the diseases which were so fatal to Europeans, and their near vicinity to the Spaniards,f the majority were against a removal thither. At length, they resolved to make their settlement in north Virgioia,t and accordingly they sent agents • 1617. t The Spaniards had not actually taken possession of Uiis country, but claimed it Belknap, ^iog. II, )67. i N«>rth America was then known under the general names of north and south Virginia, divided by the parallel of 40 d. 26* ■•') i S94 APPENDIX to England, to obtain a grant from the Virginia com- pany, and to know whether the King would grant them Iibert}r of conscience, in thut distant country. The Virginia company were willing to grant them such privilege? as were in their power, but the bigot- ted James would agree no further, than " to connive at them, provided they should conduct peaceably."* The agents returned the next year, 1618, to the great discouragement of the congregation. Resolved, however, to make another trial, agents were sent again the next year, and after long and tedious de- lay9,t a grant was obtained, under the seal of the company, which, after all this great trouble and expense, was never used.'l Notwithstanding, their removal was not given up, and they made ready for their voyage, with what ex- pedition they could. It was agreed that a part should go before, to prepare the way ; and, accord- ingly, two ships were got ready, one named the Speedwell, of sixty tons, the other the Mayflower, of one hundred and eight tons. T*iey first went from Leyden to England, and on the fifth of August, 1620, they left Southampton for America ;§ but, they were twice forced to return, by reason of the bad state of the lesser ship. It was now agreed to dismiss the Speedwell, and they embarked on board the Mayflower, and, on the sixth of September, again sailed on their intended voyage. II N. Prince, 180. Its whole extent was from Florida to the bay of Fundy. * Belknap, Biog. II, 170. American Annals, I, 198. t Occasioned by dissensions among the Virginia company. One treasurer having resigned was displeased with his suc- cessor. See Bradford in Prince, 151, 153. t Because it was taken out in the name of a gentleman, whom " providence" separated from them. § They intended to have settled somewhere near Hudson's river. : II The last port they left was Plvmoutli. * • \ e Virginia com- ng would grant distant country, to grant them ', but the bigot- an " to connive ct peaceably."* ir, 1618, to the tion. Resolved, ;ents were sent and tedious de- the seal of the It trouble and is not given up, !, with what ex- ed that a part r; and, accord- one named the the Mayflower, y first went from •f August, 1620, } but, they were ihe bad state of Speedwell, and vetf and, on the their intended tin Florida tothR nals, I, 198. Virginia company, med with his suc- e of a gentleman, ere near Hndson's .«(i*r ^w^WWPWW APPENDIX. 395 Such were the transactions, and such the difficul- ties, attending this persevering company of Pilgrims, (as they are truly called) in the great attempt, to set- tle a colony in America. As no particulars are pre- served of their voyage, we may now leave them until they appear on the coast.* III. LANDING OF THE PILGRIMS AT PLYMOUTH. After some difficulties, in a voyage oi two months and three days, they fell in with the land of Cape Cod, on the ninth of November. Finding themselves fur- ther north than they intended to settle, they stood to the . 'outhward ; but soon finding themselves nearly enccaipassed with dangerous shoals, the Captainf too!.. advantage of their fears, and bore up again for the cape ; and, on the -tenth of November, anchored in cape Cod harbour, t On observing their latitude, they found themselves out of the limits of the south Virginia company. Upon which it was hinted by some, that they should now be under no laws, and every servant would have as much authority as his master. But the wisdom that had conducted them hither, was sufficient to pro- vide against this evil ; therefore, an instrument was (^rawn and signed, by which they unanimously form- ed themselves into a body politic. This instrument was executed November the eleventh, and signed by fortyone persons ; that being the number of men, qualified to act for tho.Tiselves. Their whole number * It is related that in a storm a beam of the ship was thrown out of its place, and that they began to despair, but some gentleman having a large iron screw, oy means of which it was again forctd into its place. t Jones. X The Captain of the ship was hired by the Dutch to Un>! them thus far north, because they claimed the country at Hudson's river, and were unwilling that the English should get any footing there. See Morton, 19. '-•. » ^•t^: ^Hi T 296 APPENDIX. consisted of One hundred and one.* was chosen Governour for one year. John Carver * As it must be ever gratifying to posterity to know the first form of Rovernment ever drawn up in their country, and the names ofthose who fir^ ventured upon the great under- taking, both are here presented to their view, as I find theni in Mr. Prince's N. Eng. Chronology. In my first edition I ropied from Morton, bat on account of some errours in the names of the signers as given in hi& Newengland's Memorial I copy from Mr. Prince. . However, it is possible that some small errours may exist, even in his list ; for we know, that the chirography of 1630, was vastly different from xhat a hundred years after ; insomuch, that what Mr. Morton read for an r, might have been taken afterward for a t by Mr. Prince, &o., as will appear by comparing those names, in which a difference is seen. ' Mr. Morton writes No. 25, John Craxton, No. 27, Joses Fletcher, No. 29, Digery Priest, No. .S4, Richard Bilteridge, and No, 40, Edward Doten. He also has No. 32, Kilimind Morgeson, but that I suppose to be a misprint. Both of those authors copied from Gov. Bradford's MS., as Hutchinson pcrhiips did, who differs from "both. He n riles Nos. 15 and ItJ, TiHcy-, No. 20, Hidgsdale, No. 25, Croxlon, No. 37, Gardner. But the most unaccountable dif- feronces exist between authors who have copied from Mr. IViiico's printed book. I "ficd not name any one, in particular, a* ail that 1 have met with, differ iit some resiMsct, except the Kditors of the N. H. Hist. Collections, who seem to have liecn particularly careful. " In the name of God, Amen. We, whose names are under written the loyal subjects of our dread sovereign Lord King ■laine<:, bv the' grace of God, of Great Britain, France and Ireland, king, defender of the faith, &c. Having undertaken for the glory of God, and advancement of the christian faith, and honour of our King and country, a voyage to plant the lirst colony in the northern parts of Virginia, do by these presents, solemnly and mutually in the presence of God, and one of another, covenant and combine ourselves together, into a civil body politick, for our better ordering ana preservation, and farthcrance of the ends afore- said ; and by virtue hereof, to enact, constitute, and frame .such just and eiiual laws, ordinances, acts, constitutions, and offices, from time to time, as shall be thought most meet and convenient for the general good of the colony. Unto which we promise all due submission and obedience. In witness whereof we have hereunder subscribed our names at ca|>e Cod, the llth of November, in the year of the reign of our sovereign Lord, King James, of England, France and Ire- T * John Carver erity to know the their country, and n the great under- e\v, as I find theni I my first edition I tnte errount in the igland's Memorial possible that some for we know, that erent from Ihat a I Mr. Morton read itd for a ( by Mr. g those names, in rrites No. 35, John )igery Priest, No. ward Doten. Hr It I suppose to be a mGov. Bradford's rsfromlioth. He Udgsdale, No. i&, inaccountable dit- f copied from Mr. one, in particular, '•>s|>ect, except the vho seem to have ". names are under pirign Lord Kins; itain, France and and advancement Ling and country, northern parts of id mutually in the lant and combine ick, for our better of the endsafore- ititute, and frame constitutions, and ;lil most meet and tny. Unto which ence. In witnetts mr names at ca|>e rihc reign of our France and Ire- APPENDIX. 297 The day answering to the Elwenth of December, is celebrated as the day of the landing of the Pil- grims ;* but on that day, a place was discovered, and fixed upon for their settlement. Parties before had landed and made some discoveries. The same day that the memorable instrument was signed, a party left the ship, and landed to explore the country, and get wood, but returned without making any particular discovery. But a few days after, (November fifteenth) sixteen men, under Cap- tain Myles Standish, were permitted to go in search «-«',^''**^*"' •""* "f Scotland the LIV. Anno Domini, No. 1 Mr. John Carver,* 8 3 William Bradford,* 3 9 Mr. Edward Winslow,* 5 4 Mr. Wm. Brewster,* 6 5 Mr. Isaac Allerton,* 6 6 Capt. Miles Standish,* 3 . 7 John Alden, i 8 Mr. Samuel Fuller,! 3 9 Mr. Christopher Martin*§4 10 Mr. Wm. Mullins,*§ 6 llMr.Wm.White,*§ 5 13 Mr. Richard Warren.f 1 19 John Howland, (in Cor- ver'i /amUu.) 14 Mr. Stephen Hopkins,* 8 15 Edward Tilly,*S 4 16 John Tilly,*§ 3 17 Francis Cfook.t 3 18 Thomas Rogera,§ 3 19 Thomas Tinker,*§ 3 SO John RidKdale,*§ 3 81 Edward Fuller,*§ 3 33 John Turner,§ No. 33 Francis Eaton,* 34 James Ghilton,*§ 35 John Crackston,§ 36 John Billington,* 37 Moses Fletcher,§ 38 John Goodman,§ 39 Degory Priest,§ 30 Thomas WilliamB,6 91 Gilbert Winslow, S3 Edmund Margeson,§ S3 Peter Brown, 34 Richard Britterige,§ 35 George Soule, (of Mr nylon's family. 36 Richard Clark,§ 37 Richard Gardiner, 38 John Allerton,§ 39 Thomas English,§ 40 Edward Dorey, i 41 Edward Leister, $ {both of M'. HopknufamUy.) _- „ ^ . *l. 101 The above names having this mark * at the end brought *".«"' '»'.'^«» with them. Those with this t did not. Those with this 5 died before the end of March. The figures at the eno of the names denote the number in each family. * To reduce old stvle to new, eleven days are added : there- fore, the 33 December is celebrated as the landing of the Forefkthers. " ,yiU«W l » ffl .M l ■W i l 'ii' ^ ' Wi 2UB APPENDIX. of a convenient place for aettlement. They saw five Indians whom tney followed all day, bat couM not overtake them. The next day they disoerered aeve- ral Indian graves ; one of which they opened, and found some rude implements of war ; a mortar, and an earthen pot ; all which they took care to re- place ; being unwilling to disturb the sepulchres of the dead. They found under a small mound of earth, a cellar curiously lined with bark, in which was stored a quantity of Indian com.* Of this they took as much as they could carry, and returned to the ship. Soon after, twentyfour others made the like eat- curaion, and obtained a considerable quantity of corn, which, with that obtained before, was about ten bushels.f Some beans were also found.} Hus discovery gave them great encouragement, and per- haps urevented their further removal ; it aJso saved them from famine. After considerable discussion, concerning a place ' for settlement, in which some were for going, to A^- wam,^ and some not so far, it was c«f ; the seat of a tribe of Indians, who (u they afterwards leamod) made this attack." X This they called "Clark's Island, because Mr. Clark, the master's mate, first stepped ashore thereon." Morton, M. 300 APPENDIX. The next day, December the ninth, they dried their clothes, and repaired their vessel, which had lost her mast, and met with other damage. The next day they rested, it being Sunday. The day following, they found a place, which they judged fit for settle- ment ; and, after going on shore,* and discovering good water, and where there had been cornfields, re- turned to the ship. This was on the Eleventh <^ December, 1620, and is the day celebrated as the FOREFATHEBS' DaT. On the fifteenth, the ship came into the new har- bour. The two following days, the people went on shore, but returned at night to tils ship. On the twentythird, timber was begun to be pre- pared for building a common store house.f The next day, the cry of Indians was heard, but none ap- peared. On the twentyfifth, the first house was be- gun. A f<»t was built on the hill, soon after, (where Die burying ground now is) which commanded the to^n and harbour; and, they were diligently em- ployed, until a towu was laid out ; to which they gave the name Plymouth, on account of the kind treat- ment they received from the people of Plymouth in • A large rock near the water, said to be the place where they first stepped ashore, is shown with a degree of veneration bythe inhabitantsof Plymouth. Itisagranite ofa redish cast, asd has long since been nearly levelled with the sorface of the ground. A large fragment has been placed hear the head of the main street, where it is made a rendezvous for bojrs in pleasant evenings. This, as well as the part from which it was taken, suffers occasionally under the force of a dull axe, to add to the entertainment of the story of the trav- eller. In the engraving of" The Landing of the Pilgrims at Ply- mouth," accompanying this edition, the celebrated rock is intended to be represented.^ t Their provisions and goods were held in common by the company, at first, but it was soon found by the wise leaden, that this method was not practicable, ana it was soon dropr ped. Perhaps the chief mover of this wise measure was Gov, Bradford, as it was adopted in his administration. See BcU knap, Biog. II, 333, S. { t I i C a I is tl P tl ai ar M they dried their ich had tost her The next day day following, ad fit for settle- and discovering n cornfields, re- the Eleventh 4^ lebrated as the ito the new har- people went on up. egun to be pre- e house.f The ■d, but none ap- t house was be- lon after, (where sommanded the s diligently em- to which they ofthe kind treat- of Plymouth in be the place where egree of Teneration ite of a redish cast, vith the surface of n placed hear the e a rendezvous for 1 as the part from nder the force of a le story of the trav- he Pilgrims at Pl^- celebrated rock is I in common by the )T the wise leaders, I it was soon drop? ! measure was Got. istratioD. See Bel-r APPENDIX. llUr England, and that being the place in their native «;ountry from which they last sailed.* In January, IG21, their store house took fire, and was nearly consumed. Most of the people turn were sick, and Governour Carver and Mr. Bradford were confined in the store house, when it took fire. In March, an Indian came boldly into the town, and saluted them with these words, "Welcome English- men ! Welcome Englishmen !" This was uttered in broken English, but was clearly understood. His name was Samoset, and he came from the eastward, where he had been acquainted with some fishermen, and had learned sbme of their language. They *reated him with kindness, and he informed them, that the great Sachem, Massassoit,f was coming to visit them; and, told them of one Squanto, that was well acquainted with the English language. He left them, and soon after returned, in company with Mas- *^88oit, and Squanto.J This Indian continued with the English as long as he lived, and was of infinite service to them. He showed them how to cultivate corn, and other American productions. About this time, (beginning of April) Governour Carver died. Soon after, Mr. William Bradford was chosen. The mortality that began soon after their arrival, had before the end of March, carried off for- tyfour of their number. Such was the beginning of Newenoland, which is now, alone, a formidable nation. At the death of "'6 first Governour, it contained Fiftyaevm Europe- • It is remarkable that Captain Smith had called this place nymouth in his map of Newengland. Dr. Belknap sayi that It was partly on this account that it was now so called. ' t For the particulars of Massassoit's visit to the Pilsrims see page 133, and note 1. & » t He was one of those carried off bv Hunt, (see page 288) and got from Malaga to England ; and was entertained by a gentleman in London, who employed him to Newfoundland, and other parts. He was at last brought into these parts by Mr. Thomas Oermer. Morton, 27, 28. 26 I m 303 APPENDIX. an inhabitants, and at the end of two hundred yeare, it contained upwards of one million six hundred thousand. As it was my design, only to accompany the fii- grims until they were seated in the wilderness, 1 shall now dismiss the engaging subject, with a short reflection. , , , , . , Perhaps the annals of the world do not furnish a parallel to the first peopling of Newengland ; as it respects purity of intention, judgment and fortitude in its execution, and in sustaining for a senes of years, a government, that secured the happiness of all. An object of admiration, justly increasing on every suc- ceeding generation, in proportion to the remoteness of time. Founded on the genuineness of those au- thorities, who, without the least shade of fable, have transmitted to us their true history : rendered pecu- liarly interesting, from its minuteness of detail, even beyond what could have been expected. Insomuch, thdt no one can read, without the deepest interest in their situations ; and seeming, as it were, to live over those days with them, and to gain a perfect ac- quaintance with a Carver, a Bradford, a Wmsiow, and, indeed, the whole train of worthies. IV. HISTORY OF THE PE^OOT WAR. While the number of English inhabitants was small, their troubles with the Indians were easily set- tled. But as is natural to mankind, as they increas- ed in numbeis and wealth, they were too proud to court the favour of the natives. And notwithstand- ing, great tribute is due to the memory of our venera- ble forefathers, for their almost unexampled resolu- tion, perseverance, and above all, fortitude and wis- dom, yet they were men, and accountable only as " There was a nation of Indians in the southern parts of Newengland, called Pequods seated on n 1 1 hundred years, n six hundred npany the Pil- ! wilderness, I :t, with a short not furnish a rengland ; as it tt and fortitude series of years, less of all. An 1 on every suc- the remoteness !ss of those au- e of fable, have •endered pecu- I of detail, even ed. Insomuch, ipest interest in ere, to live over I a perfect ac- •rd, aWinslow, ies. T WAR. inhabitants was I were easily set- as they increas- re too proud to id notwithstand- ry of our venera- xampled resolu- irtitude and wis- untable only as in the southern ods seated on n 1 APPENDIX. 303 fair navigable river,* twelve miles to the eastward of the mouth of the great and famous river of Connecticut; who (as was commonly reported about the time when Newcngland was first planted by the English) being a more fierce, cruel, and war- like people than the rest of the Indians, came down out of the more inland parts of thu continent, and by force, seized upon one of the goodliest places, near the sea, and became a terror to all their neighbours, on whom they had exercised several acts of inhuman cruelty ; insomuch, that being flushed with victories over their fellow Indians, they began to thirst after the blood of foreigners, English and Dutch,f that ac- cidentally came amongst them, in a way of trade or upon other accounts. " In the year 1634, they treacherously and cruel- ly murdered Captain StoneJ and Captain Norton,^ who came occasionally with a bark into the river to trade with them. Not long after within the compass of the next year,|l they in like treacherous manner, slew one Mr. 01dham,ir (formerly belonging to New Plymouth, but at that time an inhabitant of Massa- chusetts) at Block island,** a place not far from the mouth of their harbour, as he was fairly trading with them,"tt * Mystic river. t Some of the Dutch that belonged to Manhattans, now Newyork, had a trading house on Connecticut river, and in some difficulties with the Indians some were killed. t Captain Stone was from St. Christophers, and came to trade in Connecticut river at the Dutch house. Hist. Con. I, 70. § Norton was of Massachusetts and killed the same time, lb. II It was in 1636. IT Some difficulty was occasioned with Mr. Oldham, on ac- count of religious matters, and he was banished out of Mas- •aehusetts, but was afterward permitted to return. For a raluable memoir of him, see Mr. Savage's edition of Win- throp's Hist. I, 80. •• About 20 miles S. S. W. of Newport, R. I. tt Hubbard's Narrative. L l;,[ ! r- ldu> '.iOi APPENDIX. How much cause the Indians had for these outra- ges we cannot tell ; they say, that captain Stone sur- prised some of their men, and forced them to pilot him up the river, and that on his coming ashore, with two others, was killed while asleep. The English account is as follows. Having entered the river. Stone hired some Indians to pilot two of his men up the river, who at night went on shore to sleep, and were murdered by their pilots. About a dozen of those Indians, who had been trading with Captain Stone, went on board his vessel, and murdered him, m he lay asleep in his cabin, and threw a covering over him. The men were murdered as they appear- e .1, one after another, except captain Norton, who de- i'ckiied himself in the cook's room, until some pow- dm that he had in an open vessel for the quick load-- mg of his gun, took fire, and so burned him that he could resist no longer. Mr. John Oldham was murdered at Block island by/^ome of them, or at least the murderers were shel- tered by them. One Gallop, in his passage firom Connecticut, discovered Mr. Oldham's vessel, and on coming near, found the deck to be covered with In- dians. Gallop now suspected that they had killed Mr. Oldham. He hailed them, and they gave no answer, but made off as fast as they could ; he made for them, and was soon up with them ; fired among them, and drova all from the deck. His crew being small, would not venture to board, and so stood off and took the force of the wind, and ran down upon them, and nearly overset their vessel. Six of them were so frightened, that they leaped overboard and were drowned. He again stood off, r id so lashed his anchor, that when he came dov^n upon them agun, it bored through the bows of the Indians' ves- sel, and.four or five more jumped overboard and were lost. The vessels now stuck fast together, and they fought side by side, until they drove all below again ; and then Gallop boarded them, and as they ventur- APPENDIX. 30d for these outru- ptain Stone sur- d them to pilot ing ashore, with . The English ered the river, > of his men up shore to sleep, About a dozen ig with Captain murdered him, irew a covering as they appear* Norton, who de- mtil some pow- the quick load-- led him that he At Block island erers were shel- 8 passage Stom i vessel, and on [>vered with In- Jiey had killed they gave no ould ; he made I ; fired among His crew being rtd so stood off ran down upon Six of them overboard and r id so lashed v^n upon them le Indians' ves- loard and were ether, and they II below again ; as they ventur- ed up, were taken and bound. He n»t having places convenient to keep them all, threw one into the sea. They found the body of Mr. Oldham, covered over with a sail, with his head cleft to the brains. In this action. Gallop had with him but one man, and two boys. On board of Mr. Oldham's vessel were fourteen Indians; two or three of whom got in a hole below, and could not be drove from it. Captain Gallop then fastened the vessel to his, in order to take her in, but in a gale she was broken off and lost. The same year, 1636, the government of Massa- chusetts sent Captain Endicott with ninety men to avenge these murders, in case the murderers were not delivered up, and restitution made for the losses sustained. The Narragansets, who had some hand in the murder, now submitted to the terms offered by the English. Captain Endicott proceeded to Block island, having with him Captain John Under- hill, and Captain Nathaniel Turner. At their arrival they were met by about forty Indians, who all fled into thickets, where they could not be found. They burned sixty wigwams, and destroyed about two hun- dred acres of com, and all their canoes, then sailed for the Pequot country. On their arrival in Pequot harbour,* several hundfeds collected on the t^ore, but on learning the business of the English, fled into the woods. The men were landed on both sides of the river, and the Indians fired some arrows at them from behind the rocks and bushes. One or two of the enemy were killed, but no object was effected, and the troops returned to Boston. Captain Underbill and twenty men were to pro- ceed from thence to Saybrook fort, and strength- en it. But being wind bound, they went on shore to take some Indian corn, and were surprised by a large *At the mouth of Pequot river, now called the river Thames. 26* MM* 306 APPENDIX. body of the enemy, who fought them m )9t of the afternoon. They, however, put the Indiaiiii to flight, and embarked on board their vessel. One man only was wounded, but they concluded that a number of the enemy were killed. As nothing now was expected but war, the Eng- lish took measures to secure the friendship of tht; Narragansets, which they effected. They had much to fear, in case they should join with the Pequotn, being very numerous, their warriours being estimat- ed at five thousand. Endicott's ill succ'ess rather emboldened them than otherwise, and in the next April, 1637, six men were killed near Weathersfield, and several women were captivated. In all thirty had been killed since the first disturbances took place. Vigorous measures were now resolved upon by the people of Connecticut, who raised ninety men ; and shortly after, the other colonies united in the com- mon cause.* The Connecticut troops, under Cap- tain John Mason, on the tenth of May, accompanied by about seventy Mohegan Indians, under Uncas their Sachem, embarked down the river for Saybrook fort ; where, after mnking proper arrangements, they * The Massachusetts lorces were on their inarch to join those of Connecticut, " when thfy were retarded by the most singular cause that ever influeiAed the operations or a mili- tary force. When they were mustered previous to their de- parture, it was found that some of the officers, as well an the private soldiers, were still under a covenant of works ; and that the blessing of God could not be implored or expect- ed to crown the arms of such unhallowed men with succeKx. The alarm was general and many arrangements necessary in order to cast out the unclean, and to render this little banil* sufficiently pure to fight the battles of a people who enter- tained high ideas of their own sanctity." Robertson's Hist. America, II, Book X. Thus while the Boston men were at war with the spirits of darkness, as they imagined, the Con- ■eeticut men under Mason were left alone to fight the more dangerous Pequots, as will presently be seen. *GmmiUd( oi'aOO. mMm« APPENDIX. 307 em nt )gt of the ndians to flight, One man only at a number of I war, the Eng- iendship of the They had much h the Pequot8, being estimat- Icned them than 7, six men were al women were killed since the ired upon by the nety men ; and ed in the com- >ps, under Cap- y, accompanied !, under Uncas er for Saybrook ingeroents, they eir inarch to join ardcd by the mwil prations of a mili- evioas to their de- fficers, as well a.H venant of works ; nploredorexpecl- nen with siiccei>K. ements necessary er this little baiitl* eople who enter- Robertson's Hist, ston men were at nagined, the Con- to fight the raori* marched to Narraganset bay. Here they engaged a large body of the Narragansets, as auxiliaries, and then proceeded to Nihantic,* where they arrived, May twentyfourth. The next morning they were joined by another body of the Narragansets, which made their Indian force amount to near five hundred men. After marching twelve mileH, to Pawcatuck river, Captain Mason halted to refresh his men. The weather was ex- tremely hot, and the men suffered very much. His Narraganset men now learning that they were going to attack the Pequot's chief fort, were greatly aniaz- ei, and the most of them returned home. One We- quash, a deserter from the Pequots, now piloted the army to a fort at Mystic. At night they encamped by two large rocks.f and two hours before day, made ready to attack the fort. They yet had two miles to march, which took them until near the dawn of day. The fort was on the top of a hill, and no time must be lost in making the attack. Thetr friend Indians now chiefly deserted them, and thev divided themselves into two divisions, for the benefit of attacking them in two particular points. The party under Mason pressed on to the east side, while that under Cap- tain Underbill gained the west. As Mason ap- proached the palisades, a dog gave the alarm, and an Indian cried out " Owamix ! Owanux !" that is, " Englishmen ! Englishmen !" Being now discover- ed, they instantly discharged through the palisades, and then rushed into the fort sword in hand. Here the battle was severe, and for some time doubtful. As the moment grew more critical. Mason thought of the last expedient, and cried out, " We must bum them ! We must burn them !" and taking a brand of flre, communicated it to the mats, with which the wigwams were covered, they were all in a blaze in a * In Lyme. t"Betwec:' two large rocks in Groton, since called Porter's rocks." TnunbuU, I, 83. If \ 308 APPENDIX. moment. The English then formed a circ.e about the fort, and all that ventured out to escape the flames, were immediately shot down. Dreadful now was the work of death. Some perishing in the flames, others climbing over the palisades, were no sooner up than shot down. Uncas, in the mean time, had come up and fortned a circle in the rear, and in a little more than an hour, the work was com- plete. Six or seven hundred Indians were slain, and but two of the English, and sixteen wounded. The army now began the retreat, and a body of the enemy were soon seen in pursuit ; but a few shot kept them at a distance. This body of the enemy had not been in the battle, and on arriving at the fort, and beholding the dismal spectacle, beat the ground with rage, and tore their hair in despair. The English arrived at their homes in about three weeks from the time they set out, and the people were greatly rejoiced at their success. ^assacus, the chief of the Pequots, and most of his people, now fled and left their country. But after some time, it was discovered, that a great body of them were in a swamp to tiie westward. Troops, therefore, were sent from Massachusetts, who joined others from Connecticut, and they immediately marched under the command of the valiant Mason, in pursuit of them. On the thirteenth of July they arrived at the fatal swamp. Some of the English rushed in, but were badly wounded, and rescued with difliculty. At length they surrounded the swamp, and the fight continued through the most of the night. By the help of a thick fog, many of the war- riours escaped. About twenty were killed, and one hundred and eighty captivated, who were divided among the Narragansets and Mohegans. Sassacus, with a few of his chief men, fled to the Mohawks, who, at the request of the Narragansets, cut off hia J I a circ.e about tu escape the Dreadful now wishing in the isades, were no 3, in the mean cle in the rear, I work was com- ans were slain, len wounded. and a body of ; but a few shot y of the enemy arriving at the tacle, beat the ' in despair. i in about three and the people ;s, and most of country. But lat a great body ward. Troops, 3tts, who joined y immediately valiant Mason, th of July they of the English nd rescued with led the swamp, le most of the lany of the war- killed, and one were divided ans. Sassacus, > the Mohawks, sets, cut off Jiis J APPENDIX. 309 head ; and thus terminated the Pequot war.* No- thing of great moment occurred until the time of Philip. V. — REMAINS or Philip's war. It is intended here, to narrate the most important circumstances in the progress of that war at the eastward, in Maine and Newhampshire. It was generally thought, that Philip had excited all of the Indians throughout Newengland, to rise with him in the war. While this has been doubted by some, others think it probable, that his endeavours were used even among the distant tribes of Virginia.+ However this might have been, it is certain, that with- in twenty days from the time the war began in Swan- zey, it began to blaze at the distance of two hundred miles, even at the northeasterly extremity of New- england. But the war at the eastward is said to have grown out of the foolish conduct of some of the in- habitants. An insult was offered to the wife of Squando, a chief Sachem on the river 8aco. Some irregular sailors, having heard that young Indians could swim naturally, like those of the brute creation, met the wife of Squando with an infant child in a canoe, and to ascertain the fact, overset it. The child sunk to the bottom, but the mother diving down, immediately brought it up without apparent injury! However, it fell out, that the child died shortly after, and its death was imputed to the treatment it had re- ceived from the sailors. This so enraged the chief, that he only waited a fit time to commence hostili- ties. Other causes of the war were not wanting all along the easter n frontier. A letter was received at • It was the reflection upon the fate of this once famous na- tioB, that gave rise to those beautiful and sympathetick lines in Dwighfs Greenfield hill, Part the fourth, which see in Bote 8 to page 146 of Philip's war.. 1 8«e Uabbard, Nar. MS. 310 APPENDIX. Kennebeck, from York, the eleventh July, 1675, siv- ing account of the war at the westward, and that means were using to disarm the natives along the shore. Had the Indians entertained no ideas of war before, they certainly would be justified in making war upon any that were about to deprive them of the means of self defence. How much have the Spar- tans, under Leonidas been celebrated for their answer to Xerxes, when he endeavoured to persuade them to give up their arms. But the English were not so generous as the Persian monarch, for he promised the Spartans a far better country than theirs, if they would comply. To which they replied, that no country was worth having unless won by valour ; and, as to their arms, they should want them in any coun- try. Perhaps the despised Indians deserve as much honour, in some instances, as the defenders of Ther- m(n)ylse. In an attempt to force the Indians to deliver up their arms at Kennebeck, one belonging to the Eng- lish came near being killed. This caused consider- able tumult, but at length was settled, by promises and hostages on the part of the Indians. But through the supineness of their keepers, the hostages found meane to escape ; and, meeting with some of their fellows, proceeded to Pejepscot, where they plunder- ed the house of one Purchase, an early planter, and known as a trader among them. The men were not at home, but no incivility was offered to the women. This was in September, 1675. About twentyfive of the English marched out to take revenge for what had been done. They went up Casco bay, and landed near the mouth of the An- droscoggin, where they had farms. On coming near the houses, " they heard a knocking," and presently ■aw some Indians; who it appears, were doing no harm; but without waiting to know, the EnffUsh nuhed on them, and some were killed. The IndianB ralliedi and wounded many of them before they oould '*',"*^ APPENDIX. 311 July, 1675, ffiv- :ward, and uiat lives along the no ideas of war ilied in making rive them of the have the Bpar- for their answer persuade them ish were not so or he promised n theirs, if they tplicd, that no by valour ; and, em in any coun- leserve as much enders of Thor- ns to deliver up ing to the Eng- aused consider- ed, by promises s. But through hostages found h some of their re they plunder- rly planter, and e men were not 1 to the women. marched out to ne. They went louth of the An- [>n coming near " and presently were doing no m, the Elnfflish 1. The Indians efore they could gain their vesesls. Some it appears, even m those days, stood a little for the rights of the natives, and ventured to question the virtue of this action. " But," says Mr. Hubbard, "if this happened after the mur- der of old Mr. Wakely and family, the English can be blamed for nothing but their negligence."* But whedier it was or not, does not appear.f The de- struction of this family was horrid. Six persons, namely, the old gentleman, his son, and daughter in law, who was far advanced in pregnancy, and three grandchildren were killed, and mangled in a shock- ing manner. Some of them, when found the next day, were partly consumed in the flames of their dwelling, to which the Indians set fire when they drew off. At Saco they met with a severe repuke, in an en- deavour to take Major Phillips' garrison.| Captain Benython had got information by a friendly Indian, that something was intended against the place, so he retired into Uie garrison with Phillips. His house hul not been deserted above an hour, when he saw it in flames. The savages soon crossed the river, and were seen skulking by the fences to get a shot at some about the garrison. Major Phillips went into a chamber to look out for the enemy, and was wound- ed. The Indians thought they had killed him, and openly began the attack ; but their Captain being immediately shot down, they drew a little further off. They now employed a stratagem to fire the garrison. They took the large wheels, (used for lumbering, at a mill near by, vvhich they burned) and erected a battery upon the axletree, then they ran it back by taking hold of the tongue or spear, very near the garrison; when one wheel stuck in the mud, and the • Narrative, 369. t Sullivan, Hist. Maine, 199, says it was in J«ly 167.5, .■\n.l that the name of the family was Wakefield. X On Saturday, IS September, 3l» APPENDIX/ other rolling on, cave their helm an oblique direction, and they were all exposed to the fire of.the English. They being in readiness, fired firom every part of the fortification at once,killing and wounding about thirty. The rest gladly gave up the siege and fled. They next killed seven persons at Blue point, (Scarborough,) and bu'.ned twenty houses.* About the same time, five persons were killed by the same Indians, while going up Saco river. In the same month, they burned two houses at Oyster river, belonging to two families by the name of Chesly, killed two men passing in the river, and carried two captive. One Robinson and son were shot in the way between Exeter and Hamp- ton, about this time. Within a few days, also, the house of one Tozer, at Newichwannock, iVas assault- ed, wherein were fifteen women and children, all of whom ex(!:ept two, were saved by the intrepidity of a girl of eighteen. She first seeing the Indians, shut the door and stood against it, till the others escaped to the next honse, which was better secured. The Indians chopped the door to pieces, then entering, knocked her down, and leaving her for dead, went in pursuit of the others ; of whom, two children, who could not get over the fence, fell into their hands. The valiant heroine recovered of her wounds. The two next days, they showed themselves on both sides of the river, burned two houses and three barns, containing a ereat quantity of grain. And, at Oys- ter river, they burned five houses, and killed two men. The people were now determined to retaliate. About twenty young men, chiefly of Dover, obtained leave of Major Waidron, then commander of the militia, to hunt the enemy. Having divided themselves into small parties, one of these came upon five Indians in the woods, near a deserted house. Two of them were preparing a fire to roast corn, while the other three were gathering it. They were at a loss at first APPENDIX Mi lique direction, of.the English, ^ery part of the ng about thirty, led. They next Scarborough,) the same time, Indians, while ;h, they burned to two families I passing in the Robinson and ter and Hamp- days, also, the k, iVas assault- ihildren, all of ntrepidity of a '. Indians, shut )thers escimed lecured. The then entering, dead, went in children, who :o their hands, wounds. The I on both sides I three barns. And, at Oys- illed two men. aliate. About tbtained leave )f the militia, lemselves into 1 five Indians Two of I hem liile the other : a loss at first iiow to make their onset, as the Indians were the most numerous. But at Icngtii, concluded to creep up and knock the two on the head nt the fire, without noise to alarm the others. The first part of their plan exactly succeeded, the two Indians being laid dead with the buts of their guns ; but the others heard the blows and fied. People in general, now retired to garrison houses and the country was filled with consternation. Octo- ber the seventh, Thursday, a man was shot oflf his horse, as he was riding between two garrisons at Newichwannock. Not far from the same place two others were shot dead the same day. About the same time, an ol(f gentleman, by the name of Beard, was killed, and his head cut o(T and set upon a pole. This was at Oyster river. On Saturday, the six- teenth, about a hundred Indians appeared at Newich- wannoi^k, (Berwick now) a short distance from the upper gi^rrison, where they killed one Tozer, and cap- tured his sou. The guns alarnfed Lieutenant Plais- ted at the next garrison, who, with seven men, went out on a discovery, but fell into an ambush ; two or three were killed, and the others escaped to the gar- rison, where they were closely besieged. In this perilous situation. Lieutenant Piaisted wrote a letter to Major Waldron for help, but he was not able to afford any. The next day Piaisted ventured out with twenty men to bury the dead, but was again ambush- ed, and his men deserted him. lie disdaining to fly, was killed upon the spot, with his eldest son, and one more. His other son died of iiis wounds. It appears that the Indians now drew otf, for Captain Frost went up from Sturgeon creek, the next day, and buried the dead. The enemy next appeared at Sturgeon creek, about the latter end of the month, and attacked Cap- tain Frost's house, which was preserved only by a stratagem. Frost had only three boys with him, but by giving orders in an imperious tone, for some to march here, and others to fire there, that the Indians »7 m 314 APPENDIX. thought he had a great many men, so went off and left him. The next day they appeared against Ports- mouth, on the Kittery side, where they killed one man and burned his house. Some shot from a can- non being thrown among them from a battery on Portsmouth side, they thought best to disappear. A partv of English pursued them, and recovered most of their plunder, but killed none. Soon after a house and two or three bams were burned atQuoche- co, and three or four persons killed about Exeter and Lampreyeel river. At Casco bay, Lieutenant Ingersol's son, with another man, were killed, while out hunting. Many houses were also buped. At Black point. Lieuten- ant Augur with his brother were killed. Captain Wincol of Newichwannock, marched this way for the relief of his friends, with about fourteen men. He soon had a skirmish with the enemy, and lost two or three of his men. Soon after, as they were march- ing along on the sea^de, they were beset by a great body of Indians; but, chancing to get behind some timber, from whence they dealt with them with such effect, that they soon took to the woods, and the English escaped in a canoe. But nine men from Saco, having heard the firing, came out to assist their fellows, and fell into an ambush, and were all killed. Two persons were killed at Wells in the beginning -of winter. At the same place, one Cross and one Isaac Cousins were also killed about a week after. Depredations were suspended on account of the severity of winter. But before the suspension, up- wards of fifty people had been killed and taken. In the mean time, a peace was concluded through the mediation of Major Waldron, which, says Mr. Hub- bard, " might have remained firm enough to this day, had there not been too just an occasion given for the breaking of the same, by the wicked practice of some lewd persons which opened the door, and made way for the bringing in all those sad calaiaities and iwh 10 went off and i against Ports- they killed one lot from a can- n a battery on > disappear. A recovered most Soon after a ned atQuoche- out Exeter and oVa son, with anting. Many point, Lieuten- illed. Captain d this way for fourteen men. y, and lost two jy were march- eset by a great t behind some Jiem with such 'oods, and the line men from t to assist their vere all killed, the beginning 2roaa and one I week after, account of the u^>ension, up- and taken. In d through the says Mr. Hub- igh to this day, n given for the 'acticeof some uid made way Liities and twh APPENDIX. 315 chiefii, that have since fallen upon those parts of the country." But this may be considered as tlie end of Philip's war in the east, although from other causes a war continued till 1678. Many of Philip's Indians mixed with those at the eastward after the fall of that chief, in hopes of escaping detection. For they liad seen even those who delivered themselves up, executed, therefore, they were apprised of their fate. Some that had killed Thomas Kimbal of Bradford, and carried off his family, soon after restored them with the hopes of pardon, but it being doubted whether this was a sufficient atonement for the whole, they (three of them) were thrown into Dover jail. The prisoners considering this only as a prelude to their future punishment, broke jail, and fled tojoin the Kenne- beck and Androscoggin Indians. Through their in- fluence another quarre was beguu. The next remarkable occurrence was the capture of the four hundred Indians at Quocheco.* For other particulars the reader is referred to Mather's Magnalia, and Belknap's Newhampshire. VI. ^THE BOLD EXPLOIT OF HANNAH DU3TAW. This took place in the latter part of Castine's War, or as others term it "King WiUiam's War;" but as it is evident that Castine was the chief mover of it, it may very properly be called Casting's War. On the fifth of March, 1698, the Indiakis made a descent on Haverhill in Massachusetts, in which they took and killed thirtynine persons, and burned about a half a dozen houses. In the onset, the house of a Mr. Dustan was fallen upon, and his wife, who had lain in but a week before, and her nurse, Mary Neff, were taken. Mr. Dustan was absent when the In- * An account of the affair la given with the history of Ma> jor WaldroD in the third note to page 161. 819 APPENDIX. dians first appeared about the town, and on hearing the alarm, ran to the assistance of his family. Meet- ing seven of his children near his house, ordered them to run, and make their escape to some garrison in the town, while he entered the house with intent to help his wife escape. She left her bed at the warning, but the near approach of the Indians, would admit only of a flying retreat ; this Mr. Dustan saw was impossible, from the weak state of his wife. A moment of horrour and despair brooded over him ; in which he had to choose whether he would stay and suffer with her, or make his escape. He resolved on the latter, knowing that he could be no assistance to her, amidst an army of savages ; and, that he might be to his children, in facilitating their escape. The Indians were now upon them, but he having a horse, fled before them, and overtook his children, about forty rods from the house ; some one of which, he in- tended to have taken on the horse with him, and so escape. But now he was at a loss, for which one to take, he knew not; therefore, he resolved to face about, and defend them to the last. Some of the enemy drew near and fired upon them, and Mr. Dus- tan being armed, also fired upon the Indians, at which they gave over the pursuit, and returned to share the spoils of the house. Mr. Dustan and his seven children (from two to seventeen years of age) got safe to a garrison, one or two miles oft", where we must leave him to bewail the many supposed deaths of his wife and infant child. The Indians, being about twenty in number, in the mean time, seized the nurse, who was making her escape with the young child, and taking Mrs. Dus- tan, with what plunder could be found from the house, set it on fire, and took up their march for Canada. The infant was immediately taken from the nurse, and a monster taking it by the feet, dashed out its brains against a tree. Their whole number of cap- tives was now about twelve, which gradually dimin- and on hearing family. Meet- house, ordered >aome garrison ise with intent ler bed at the Indians, would ir. Dustan saw )f his wife. A 3d over him ; in would stay and He resolved on lo assistance to , that he might r escape. The having a horse, ;hildren, about }f which, he in- th him, and so »r which one to solved to face Some of the 1, and Mr. Dus- he Indians, at nd returned to Dustan and his 1 years of age) liles oft", where nany supposed number, in the IS making her ling Mrs. Dus- from the house, ih for Canada, rom the nurse, dashed out its umber of cap- -adually dunin- APFENDIX. 317 ished on the march. Some, growing weary and faint, were killed, scalped, and otherwise mangled, and left in the wilderness. Notwithstanding the weakness of Mrs. Dustan, she travelled twelve miles the first day, and thus bore up under a journey of near one hundred and fifty miles, in a few days. On their march the Indians divided, according to their usual custom, and each family shifted for itself witli their share of prisoners, for the convenience of hunt- ing. Mrs. Dustan, her nurse and an English youth, taken from Worcester eighteen months before, fell to the lot of an Indian family, consisting of twelve peraons; two stout men, three women, and seven children. The captives were informed, that when they arrived at a certain Indian town, they were to run the gauntlet, through a great number of Indians. But on the thirtieth of April, having arrived at the mouth of Contoocook river, they encamped upon a small island, and pitched their tents. As all lay asleep but Mrs. Dustan, she conceived the bold de- sign of putting the Indians to death, and escaping. Accordingly, she silently engaged Miss Neff, and the English youth, to act a part in the dreadful tra- gedy ; mfusing her heroism into them, each took a tomahawk, and with such deadly effect were the blows dealt, that all were slain save two ; one a wo- man, who fled desperately wounded, the other a boy, whom they intended to have kept. They then took off their ten scalps, and returned home in safety. The government voted them fifty pounds reward, and Colonel Nicholson, the Governour of Maryland, made them a valuable present. The island on which this memorable affair happened, justly bea^s the name of Dustan's island.* * For the principal facts in this narrativ e I am indebted to the Magnalia. 27* mJm&mh ^ A kmmi ^ !*-'' ' 318 APPENDIX. VII. — 9CHENECTADA DESTROrED. " In the dead of winter, three expeditions were planned, and parties of French and Indians despatch- ed firom Canada, on different routes, to the frontiers of the Enslish colonies. One of these parties, on February the eighth, 1690, fell on Schenectada,* a village on the Mohawk river. Such was the fatal se- curity of the people, that they had not so much as shut their gates. The enemy made the attack in the dead time of the night, when the inhabitants were in a profound sleep. Care was taken by a division of the enemy into small parties, to attack every house at the same instant. Before the people were risen from their beds, the enemy were in possession of their dwellings, and commenced the most inhuman barbarities. In an instant the whole village was wrapped in a general flame. Women were ripped up, and their infants dashed against the posts of their doors, or cast into the flames. Sixt < persons perish- ed in the massacre, and about tliirty were captivat- ed. The rest fled naked in a terrible storm and deep snow. In the flight, twentyfive of these unhappy fugitives lost their limbs, through the severity of the season. The enemy consisted of about two hundred French, and a number of Caghnuagaf Indians, under the command of D'Aillebout, De Mantel, and Le Moyne. Their first design was against Albany, but having been two and twenty days on their march, they were reduced to such straits, that they had thoughts of surrendering themselves prisoners of war. The In- * About 14 miles above Albany, on the west side of the. Mohawk. The country around is a sandy barren, on which account it was called Schenectada. t This Caghnuaga is in Canada. There is another on the Mohawk river, 6 miles below Johnston, but the inhabi- tants here spell it Caughnewaga. APPENDIX. 319 OTED. I peditions were jians despatch- to the frontiers lese parties, on chenectada,* a vas the fatal se- lot so much as ie attack in the habitants were 1 by a division ick every house 3ple were risen possession of most inhuman lie village was en were ripped e posts of their persons perish- were captivat- storm and deep these unhappy severity of the undred Frencli, ins, under the and Le Moyne. ny, but having arch, they were id thoughts of war. The In- west side of the . barren, on which is another on the 1, bat the inhabi- dians, therefore, advised them to Schenectada : and it seems that the accounts, which their scouts gave them of its fatal security, was the only circumstance which determined them to make an attempt, even upon this. The enemy pillaged the town, and went oil' with the plunder, and about forty of the best horses. The rest, with all the cattle they could find, were left slaughtered in the streets. The success of the enemy seems to have been principally owing to the dispute between Leislcr* and the people of Alba- ny, in consequence of which this post was neglect- ed. The Mohawks joining a party of young men from Albany, pursued the enemy, and falling on their rear, killed and captivated ftearly thirty."f VIII. — schuyleA's expedition, ano other events. The success of the French and Indians against the frontier settlements of Newengland, had been great, and the inactivity of the people to repel them, had just- ly been an object of blame with the Sixnations; for their country must at all times afford a pass to them. Steps, therefore, must now be taken to retain the confidence of those people. Major Peter Schuyler, the Washington of his day, lived at Albany, where with incredible industry and perseverance, he made himself acquainted with all the plans and undertakings of the Sixnations, and as studiously maintained a friendship with them, which extended to all Americans. They had received re- peated injuries from the French for a long time, and something was now necessary to prove to them, that the English were not afraid to meet them on their own ground. Accordingly, in 1 691, Major Schuyler, " with about three hundred men, nearly half Mo- * Afterwards executed for assuming the government of Newyork. See Smith's Hist. N. Y. 121 to 129. t Trumbull's Hist. U. S. I, 215 to 217. 320 APPENDIX. hawks and Schakook* Indians, passed Lake Cham- plain, and made a bold attack on the French settle- ments north of the lake. Meanwhile, DeCallieres, the Governour of Montreal, spared no pains to give him a proper reception. He crossed the river with twelve hundred men, and encamped at La Praire. Schuy- ler attacked and put to flight his out posts and In- dians, pursued them to the fort, and on that com- menced a brisk attack. He had a sharp and brave action with the French regulars, and afterward forc- ing his way through a body of the enemy, who in- tercepted him, on his return, made good his retreat. In these several conflicts, the Major slew of the ene- my, thirteerji ofl'icers, and in the whole three hundred men ; a greater number than he carried with him into the iield."t Before this, in 1G88, twelve hundred warriours of the Sixnations, made a descent on the island of Mon- treal, slew a tliousand of the inhabitants, and carried oft' twentysix prisoners, whom they burnt alive. About three months after, they attacked the island again, and went off" with nearly the same success. " These expeditions had the most dismal consequen- ces on the affairs of the French in Canada." They had a garrison at lake Ontario, which they now aban- doned, and fled in canoes down the Cadarackui in the night ; and, in descending the falls, a great num- ber of men were lost. The warriours then took pos- session of the garrison, and twentyseven barrels of powder fell into the' - hands. Nothing but the ignor- ance of the Sixnauon3, in the European art of war, saved Canada from total ruin ; and, what will ever be lamented, the colonies, through the caprice of their European lords, were unable to lend thom any assist- ance. With a little help from the English, a period would have been put to the torrents of blood that • Trambull, I, 321, but at SOI, he spells it as seen in Phil- ip's war, page 68 except that he used but one t. ^ t Ibid. 221-225. ied Lake ChaiA- le French settle- DeCallieres, the ains to ffive him river witTi twelve Praire. Schuy- ut posts and In- d on that com- iharp and brave I afterward fore- enemy, who in- ^ood his retreat, slew of the ene- e three hundred arried with him ed warriours of c island of Mon- ints, and carried y burnt alive, ckcd the island ! same success, mal consequen- ■anada." They they now aban- } Cadarackui in Is, a great num- I then took pos- Bven barrels of ; but the ignor- ean art of war, hat will ever be caprice of their hom any assist- figlish, a period I of blood that t as seen in Phil- >ne t. APPENDIX. 321 flowed until, the conquest by the immortal Wolf and Amherst, in 17G0. IX. DESTRUCTION OF DEGKFIELO. In 1703, the plan was laid to cut off the frontier inhabitants of Newengland, from one extremity to the other, but it was not fully executed. Though the eastern settlements from Casco to Wells were de- stroyed, and one hundred and thirty people killed and taken, the western frontiers remained unmolested, and were lulled into a fatal security. From the In- dians that traded at Albany, Colonel Schuyler receiv- ed intelligence of a design in Canada to fall upon Deerfield, of which the inhabitants were informed in May. " The design not being carried into execution in tlie course of the summer, the intelligence was not enough regarded. But the next winter, 1704, M. Vaudneul, [Vaudreuil] Governour of Canada, re- sumed the" project with much attention." The history of this affair from the accomplished historian of Vermont, Dr. Samuel Williams, is per- haps more particularly interesting, as he is an imme- diate descendant of a principal sufferer, the Rev. John Williams, I give it in his own words. " Deerfield, at that time, was the most northerly settlement on Connecticut river, a few families at Northfield excepted. Against this place, M. Vau- drieul sent out a party of about three hundred French and Indians. They were put under the command of Hertel de Rouville, assisted by four of his brothers ; all of which had been trained up to the business by their father, who had been a famous partizan in theiV former wars. The route they took, was by the way of Lake Champlain, till they came to the French river, now called Onion river. Advancing up that stream, they passed over to Connecticut river, and travelled on the ice till they came near to Deerfield. Mr. Williams, their minister, had been much appre- 'H ^ ^ii^fe^^^k^a"*" 322 APPENDIX. hensive of danger, and attempted to make the same impression on the minds of his people, but not with sufficient success; but upon his application, the go- vernment of the province had sent a guard of twenty soldiers for their assistance. The fortifications were some slight works thrown round two or three garri- son houses, but were nearly ooTered in some places with drifts of snow. To this place, Rouville with his party, approached on February the twentyninth. Hovering round the place, he sent out his spies for intelligence. The watch kept the streets of the town till about two hours before day, and then, unfortu- nately, all of them went to sleep. Perceiving all to be quiet, the enemy embraced the opportunity and rushed on to the attack. The snow was so hig^, that they had no difficulty in jumping over the walls of the fortification ; and immediately separated into small parties, to appear before every house at the same time. The place was completely surpreed', aivd the enemy were entering the houses at the mo- ment the inhabitants had the first suspicion of their approach. The whole village was carried in a few hours, and with very little resistance ; one of the gar- rison houses only, being able to hold out against th6 enemy. Having carried the place, slain fortyseVen of the inhabitants, captured the rest, and plundered the viN lage, the enemy set it on fire ; and an hour after sun rise on the same day, retreated in great haste. A small party of the English pursued them, and a skirmi^ ensued the same day, in which a few were lost on both sides. The enem^, however, completely suc- ceeded in their enterprize, and returned to Canada on the same route, carrying with them one hundred and twelve of the inhabitants of Deeriield, as prisoners of war. They were twentyfive days on their march from Deerfield to Chambly ; and like their masters, the savages, depended on hunting for their suppdrt. On their arrival in Canada, they found mucn htt'- -t-«-;- o mak& th6 same pie, but not witfi )lication, the go- i guard of twenty irtifications were or three garri- 1 in some placets e, Rouville with the twentyniftth. out his spies for reetsofthetown 1 then, unfortu- i*erceiving all to opportunity and >w was so higft, g over the waAh y separated ihto 7 house at the etely siirprked, >U8e8 at the lAo- spicion of their carried in a few ; one of the gar- out against th6 )rtyseven of the undered the viN n hour after sun t haste. A small and a skirmish w were lost on iompletely suc- rned to Canada im one hundred eld, as prisoners on their march i their master^, r their support, und nracn htt'- APPENDIX. manity and kindness from the French, and from M^. Vaudrieul their Governour ; but complained mUbh of the intolerance, bigotry, and duplicity of the priests."* Among the captives was the minister of the town. Rev. John Williams. As the Indians entered his room, he took down his pistol, and presented it to the breast of the foremost, but it missed fire. They then laid hold on him, and bound him naked as he was, and thus kept him for the space of an hour. In the mean time two of the children were carried out and killed ; also a negro woman. His wife, who was hardly recovered from childbed, was with the rest marched for Canada. The second day, in wading a river, Mrs. Williams fainted and fell, but with assist^ ance was kept along a little farther; when at the foot of a hill she began to falter, her savage master, with one blow of his tomahawk, put an end to her miseries. The distance they had to march was at least three hundred miles. At different times the most of the prisoners were redeemed and returned home. Mr. Williams and fiftyseven others arrived at Boston from Quebeck, in 1706. One of his daughters, Eunice, married an Indian, and became a convert to the Ro- man Catholi'^k religion, which she never would con- sent to forsake. She frequently visited her friend* in Newengland ; " but she uniformly persisted in wearing her blanket and counting her beads."f Mr. Williams, after his return, was invited to preach near Boston ; but refused every offer, and returned again to Deerfield and collected his scattered flock, with whom he continued until 1728; "dying in peace, beloved by his people, and lamented by hia country." He published a history of his captivity, which, when Dr. Williams, his grand son, wrote his • Williams' Hist. Vermont, I, 304-S07. f Holmes' American Annals, II, 69. t # im 394 APPENDIX. history of Vermont, had passed through seven edi- tioni.* X. RAVAGES OF TllK EASTERN INDIANS. In 1707, the frontiers suffered cvtremely. Oyster river, Exeter, Kingstown, and Dover in Nowhamp- shire ; Berwick, York, Wells, Winterharhour, Casco, and even Marlborough in Massachusetts, were con- siderably damaged. In 1710, Col. Walton with one hundred and seventy men made an expedition to Norridgewock, in the beginning of winter. The chief of that place was taken and killed,! and many more. The next yea- is rendered memorable by the great expedition against Canada; memorable only for its bad success, and the monstrous debt it brought upon the Colonies. In 171?, - reace was concluded with France, in consequen -t; which the eastern Indians desired peace with ?.. -r.ies, which was accordinglv brought about.^ > as however of short duration. In August nii, it was renewed at Arrowsike,^ but was broken within two y ears af ter, * Hist. Vermont. t His name was Arruhawikwabemt, "an active bold fellow, and one of an undaunted spirit ; for, when he was asked several questions, he made no reply ; and when they threat- ened him with death, he laughed at it with contempt." Fen- hallow, 70. t The delegates met at Portsmouth, N. H., 11 July, and a treaty was signed the 13. The articles are preserved entire in Pcnhallow's History, 92-85. 5 Penhallow, page 90, relates a story concerning the abun- dance of Ducks at this place, which, though we do no« doubt it, is certainly equally astonishing to many Jish stnrtes. About three days after the renewal of the treaty, " a number of Indians went a duck hunting, which was a season of the year that the old ones generally shed their feathers in, and the young ones are not so well flushed as to be able to fly ; they drove them like a flock of sheep before them into the creeks, where without either powder or shot, they kiUed at one time, four Ihousami and six hundred." The Enghsh bought for a penny a dozen. 'IL... oiigh seven edi- < INDIANS. tremely. Oyster cr in Nowhamp- jrharbour, Casco, isetts, were con- Walton with one in expedition to of winter. The .illed,-|- and many lemorable by the memorable only IS debt it brought ',e was concluded hich the eastern flies, which was as iiowever of t was reJiewed at I two years after, n active bold fellow, ivhen he was asked id when they threat- h contempt." Pen- . H., 11 July, and a are preserved entire oncerninj); the abun- lUgh we do not doubt many fish slories. B treaty, " a number was a season of the heir feathers in, and \a to be able to fly ; >efore them into tne r shot, they killed at red." The English APPENDIX. 335 and various hostilities committed. The government, in 1721, ordered a party of men to Norridgewock, their chief town, but on their approach, the Indians all fled into the woods. One Sebastian Ralle, or RoUe dwelt there, as a missionary among them, and was supposed to have stirred up the Indians to hos- tilities, as Castine formerly had. Nothing was effect- ed by the expedition, except the bringing away of some of Ralle's papers, by which it was discovered, that he was instigator in the war. This was thought by the Indians to be such an insult on the divine agency, that they now made war their business. In June, 1722, a large body struck a deadhr blow on Merrymeeting bay, a village on an arm of the Win- nipissaukee,* where they took nine families.f Short- ly after, at Passammaquaddy, they took a vessel with passengers, and burned Brunswick. War was now declared on the part of the English, and in February, Col. Westbrook with one hundred and thirty men, ranged the coast with small vessels as far as Mountdesert. " On his return he sailed up the Penobscot, and about thirtytwo miles above the anchoring place, for the transports, discovered the Indian Castle. It was seventy feet long and fifty broad. Within were twentythree well flhished wig- wams. Without was a handsome church, sixty feet long and thirty broad. There was also a commo- dious house for their priest. But these were all de- stroyed, and nothing more was accomplished by the expedition, than the barbarous business of burning this Indian village. • There arc many ways used in writing this word, Doug- lass, on the same page has it two ways ; and few early authors write it alike, but all, or nearly all, seem to aim at the sound which I have endeavoured to give it. And, as the inhabitants, who dwell around this lake, pronounce it so, I see no reason why we should not write it so ; especially, as it was the most early way, and, no doubt, so called by the natives themselves t Most of these were afterward set at liberty. Penhal- low, 91. S9 ^ ' ii impr" •wnptrfM 326 APPENDIX. Afterwards Captain Moulton wiat up with a party of men to Norridgewock, but the village was de- serted. He was a brave and prudent man, and, pro- bably, imagining that moderation and humanity might excite the Indians to a more favourable con- duct towards the Elnglish, he left their houses and Church standing." In April, 1723, eight persons were killed or taken at Scarborough and Falmouth. " Among the dead was a Sergeant Chubb, whom the Indians imagining to be Captain Harman, against whom they had con- ceived the utmost malignity, fifteen aiming at him at the same instant, lodged eleven bullets in his body. Besides other mischiefs, the enemy, the simmier following, surprised Casco, with other harbours in its vicinity, and captured sixteen or seventeen sail of. fishing vessels. The vessels belonged to Massachu- setts; but Governour Philips of Novascotia, happen- ing to be at Casco, ordered two sloops to be imme- diately manned and dispatched in pursuit of die ene- my. The sloops were commanded by John Eliot of Boston, and John Robinson of cape Anne. As Eliot was ranging the coast he discovered seven vessels in Winepang harbour. He concealed his men, except '»ur or five, and made directly for the harbour. Ccming nearly up to one of the vessels, on board of which was about sixty Indians, in high expectation of another prize, they hoisted their pendants and cried out ' Strike English dogs and come aboard for you are all prisoners.' Eliot answered that he would make all the haste he could. As he made no attempts to escape, the enemy soon suspected mischief, cut their cable and attempted to gam the shore ; but int- niediately boarding them he prevented their escape. For about half an nour they made brave resistance, wUt Eliot's hand grenadoes made such a havock among them, that at length, those who had not been killed, took to the water, where &"i' were a fair wmm I up with a panrty village was de- it man, and, pro- and humanity I favourable con- their houses and e killed or taken Ainonj^ the dead ndians imagining m they had con- n aiming at him n bullets in his :my, the sumoier ther harbours in seventeen sail of, ed to Massachu- irascotia, happen- tops to be inune- irsuit of the ene- by John Eliot of Anne. As Eliot seven vessels in his men, except iar the harbour. leh, on board of ligh expectation r pendants and come aboard for id that he would lade no attempts ed mischief, cut e shore ; but int- ted their escape, irave resistance, such a havock ho had not been *»"v were a fair APPENDIX. mark for the Englisii musketeers. Five ouly reached tlie shore. Eliot received tliree bad wounds, had one man killed and several wounded. He recovered seven vessels, several hundred quintals of fish, and fifteen captives. Many of the captives had been sent away, and nine had been murdered in cold blood. Robinson retook two vessels and killed several of the enemy. The loss of such a number of men determined the enemy to seek revenge on the poor fishermen. Twenty of these yo*. remained in their hands, at thq harbour of Malagash, [where the remainder of the vessels lay which they had taken from the English, and were inaccessible to Captain Eliot.] These were all destined to be sacrificed to the manes of the slaughtered Indians. At the very time, that the pow- awing and other ceremonies, attending such horri- ble purposes, were just commencing. Captain Blin, who sometime before had been a prisoner among ^them, arrived off the harbour ; and made the signal, or sent in a token, which it had been agreed between them, should be the sign of protection. Three In- dians came aboard, and an agreement was made for the ransom both of the ships and captives. These were delivered and the ransom paid. Captain Blin in his way to Boston, captivated a number of them, near cape Sable ; anc* Captain Southack a number more, which they btoughton with them to Boston." « In September they made a descent on the island of Arrowsike, where they burned the houses, killed the cattle, and then retired to their head quarters at Norridgewock. There was a garrison on the island of about forty men, but their number was so small compared with that of the enemy, that no sally was made. The beginning of the next year, 1724, was alto- gether unfavourable to the English. People were killed at Cape Porpoise, Black Point, and Berwick ; also at Lamprey, and Oyster rivers, and Kipgston, it) Newhampshire. -IP!^ 328 APPENDIX. m ii! u "Captain Josiah Winslow, who had been station- ed at the fort on St. George's river, with part of his company, had been surprised and cut off. He went out from the ibrt with two whaleboats, fourteen white men, and three Indians. It seems the enemy watch- ed their motions, and on their return, suddenly sur- rounded them, with thirty canoes, whose compliment was not less than a hundred Indians. The Englisit attempted to land, but were intercepted, and nothing remained but to sell their lives as dearly as possible. They made a brave defence, b^^^every Englishman was killed. The three Indians escaped to report their hapless fall. Flushed with these successes, the enemy attempted still greater feats on the water. They took two shallops at the isles of shoals. They then made seizures of other vessels in different har- bours. Among others they took a large schooner carrying two swivel guns. This they manned and cruised along the coast. It was imagined that it sifiall force would be able to conquer these raw sai- lors. A shallop of sixteen, and a schooner of twenty men, under Captains Jackson and Lakeman, were armed and sent in pursuit of the enemy. They soon came up with them, but raw as they were, they obli- ged the English vessels to sheer off, and leave them to pursue their own course, who took eleven vessels and fortyfive men. Twentytwo they killed, and the others they carried into captivity." While these affairs were passing at sea, the inland country suffered also. "Mischief was done at Gro- ton, Rutland, Northampton, and Dover. In all these places more or less were killed, some wounded, and others carriied into captivity." The scene is now to change. The English are resolved to visit the Indians at their head quarters, at Norridgewock. Accordingly, Captains Moulton, Harman, and Bourne, with two hundred and eighty men, arrived at Taconnock, up the Kennebeck river, the twentieth of August. Here they left their boats -«a*!rnni«tM«MnM«<'>al" iiiii^lifii mtimm'mmitfm m > f n APPENDIX. 329 liad been station- , with part of his ut off. He went ts, fourteen white :he enemy watch- rn, suddenly sur- hose compliment IS. The Englisii pted, and nothing early as possible, very Englishman scaped to report 3se successes, the ts on the water, of shoals. They in different har- i large schooner liey manned and imagined that a ler these raw sai- hooner of twenty Lakeman, were ;my. They soon f were, they obli- ', and leave them ok eleven vessels ;y killed, and the at sea, the inland vas done at Gro- ver. In all these ne wounded, and The English are lir head quarters, !aptains Moulton, idred and eighty Kennebeck river, iy left their boats and forty men to guard them, and proceeded the next day for Norridgevvock. " In the evening they discovered two women, the wife and daughter of Bomazeen, the famous warriour and chieftain of Norridgewock. They fired upon them and killed his daughter, and then captivated his wife. By her they obtained a good account of the te of the village. On the twentythird they came near it, and as they imagined that part of the Indians would be m their corn fields, at some distance, it was thought expedi- ent to make a division of the army." Captain Har- man marched with eighty men into the fields. — " Moulton with the remainder marched directly for the village. About three o'clock it opened suddea- ly upon them. The Indians were all in their wig- wams entirely secure. Moulton marched his men in the profoundest silence, and ordered that not one of them should fire at random, through the wigwams, nor till they should receive the enemy's fire ; as ho expected they would come out in a panic and over- shoot them. At length an Indian stepping out, dis- covered the English close upon them. He instantly gave the war hoop, and sixty warriours rushed out to meet them. The Indians fired hastily without in- juring a man. The English returned the fire with great effect, and the Indians instantly fled to the riv- er. Some jumped into their canoes, others into the river, which the tallest of them were able to ford. Moulton closely pursuing them, drove them from their canoes, and killed them in the river, so that it was judged, that not more than fifty of the whole vil- lage reached the opposite shore. Some of these were shot before they reached the woods. The English then returning to the village, found father Ralle, the Jesuit, firing from one of the wig- wams on a small number of m'^n who had not been in the pursuit of the enemy. One of these he wound- ed ; in consequence of which, one Lieutenant Ja- 28* " - "^tJ^SJSS ' '■■ .j ii i 'ii a. i ii.. i n i | yjo APPENDIX. ques burst the door and shot him through the head. Captain Moulton had given orders not to kill him. Jaques excused himself, affirming that Ralla was loading his piece, and refused to give or take quar- ter. With the English there were three Mohawks. Mogg,* a famous Indian warriour firii^g from a wig- wam killed one of them. His brother in a rage flew to the wigwam, burst the door, and instantly kille*:' Mogg. The English followed in a rage and killed his squaw and two helpless children." After the ac- tion Harman arrived and they all lodged in the vii. lage. " In the morning they found twentysix dead bodies, besides that of the Jesuit. Among the dead tvere Bomazeen,Mogg, Wissemcmet, and Bomazeen's son in law, all famous warriours."f The inhumanity of the English to the women and children cannot be excused. It greatly eclipses the lustre of the victory. J The Norridgewocks were now broken down, and they never made any figure afterwards.^ XI. LOVEWELl/s FIGHT. Perhaps the celebrated story of "Lovewell's Fight," cannot be given, to interest the present age, better than in the language of the old song, composed just after it happened. It is a simple and true nar- rative of the affair. 1 Of worthy Captain Lovewell,|| I purpose now to sing, How vahantly he served his country and his King ; • In Philip's War there was a chief by this name, Mr. Hubbard called him " Mug the rogue." t " The number in all that were killed [of the enemy] was supposed to be eighty." Penhallow, 108. J "It may," says Penhallow, ib. " be as noble an exploit. (aU things considered) as ever happend in the time of Kint Philip." * § The above article is taken from Dr. Trumbull's Hist. U- S. Chap. IX, . }| Captain John Lovewell lived in Dunstable, Newhamp- -^-WPp^WW^ii**)**^ KfW" ■IfW*'*^ APPENDIX. 331 irough the head. not to kill him. that Ralla was ve or take quar- three Mohawks. rii^g from a wig- er ir» a rage flew instantly kill&.i rage and killed " After the ?c- )dged in the vii- twentysix dead ^mong the dead and Bomazeen's the women and atly eclipses the )ken down, and Js.§ r " Love well's the present age, song, composed le and true nar- ! now to sing, d his King ; r this name. Mr. of the enemy] was noble an exploit. 1 the time of King rumbull's Hist. U. rtable, Newhamp- He and his valiant soldiers, did range the woods full wide. And hardships they endured to quell the Indians' pride. 3 'Twas nigh unto Piewacket,* on the eighth day of May,t They spied a rebel Indian soon after break of day ; He on a bank was walking, upon a neck of land. Which leads into a pond^ as we're made to understand. it Our men resolv'd to have him and travcll'd two miles round. Until they met the Indian, who boldly stood his ground ; Then spalce up Captain LovewcU, "Take you good heed,' ' says he, " This rogue is to decoy us, I very plainly see.§ ' 4 " The Indians lie in ambush, in some place nigh at hand. " In order to surround us upon this neck of land ; " Therefore we'll march in order, and each man leave hi< pack, II " That we may briskly fight them when they make their attack." 5 Thoy came unto this Indian, who did them thus defy, As soon as they came nigh him, two guns he did let fly,ir shire, then Massachusetts. " He was a son of Zacheus Love- well, an Ensign in the army of Oliver Cromwell, who came to this country and settled at Dunstable, where he died at the age of one hundred and twenty years, the o'Jest white man who iver died in the state of Newhampshire." Far- mer and Moore's Col. ill, 64. * Situated on the upper part of the river Saco, then 50 miles from any white settlement. lb. I, 37. It is in the present town of Fryeburg, Maine. t They set out from Dunstable about the 16 April, 1735. Symmes* narrRiive, in Farmer and Moore's Col. 1, 37. X Called Sato pond. Some call this Lovewell's pond, but Lovewell's pond is in Wakefield, where he some time before, captured a company of Indians, who were on their way to attack some of the frontier towns. § This Indian was out a hunting, and probably bad no knowledge of the English, having two ducks in hisnand, and his guns loaded with oeaver shot. Symmes and Belknap. II The Indians finding their packs, learned their number, and placed themselves to surround them, when they return- ed. IT It appears from Mr. Symmes, that the English jsaw the Indian coming, and secreted themselves, firing at him first. • Mi?vrf!i«^^Ma ' wafcN.:..Mv$ s j;mji?tH'iii^aiag'^»k^^ ■»<«■ ■BP" 332 APPENDIX. Which wounded Captain Lovewell, and likewise one man more,* [gore.f But when this rogue was running, they laid him in his 6 Then having Bcalp'd the Indian, they went back to the spot, ■e they had laid ' found them not, Where they had laid their packs down, but there spot, they For the Indians baring spy'd them, when they them down did lay. Did seize them for their plunder, and carry them away. 7 These rebels lay in ambush, this vei^ place hard by. So that an English soldier did one ofthem espy. And cried out '< HereV. an Indian," with that they started out. As fiercely as old lions, and hideously did shout. !) With that our valiant English, all gave a loud huzza. To shew the rebel Indians they fear'd them not a straw: So now the fight began, and as fiercely at could be, The Indians ran up to them, but soon were forc'd tu flee.t ^ Then spake up Captain Lovewell, when first the fight be- gan, " Fight on my valiant heroes! you see they fall like rain.' For as we are informed, the Indians were so thick, A man could scarcely fire a gun and not some ofthem hit. .0 Then did the rebels try their best our soldiers to surround, But they could not accomplish it, because there was a pond, To which our men retreated and covered all the rear,§ The rogues were forc'd to flee them, altho' they skolk'd for fear. He then, having two guns, discharged both, and wounded the Captain mortally. * Samuel Whiting. t Ensign Wymat. shot him, and Mr. Frye, the chaplain, and another, scalped him. Symmes. t Both parties advanced with their guns presented, and when they came within " afew yards," they fired on both sides. " The Indians fell in considerable numbers, but the finglidi, most, if not all ofthem, escaped the first shot" lb. Then advancing within twice the length of their guns, slew nine. Penhallow. § Twelve were killed and wounded before they retreated to the pond. There was a small bank, which served thorn I ii i 'iiiiy ^ — .|,ji>IH »i > i Hj» i APPENDIX. 333 i likewise one man [gore.f ey laid him in hi:« at back to the spot, n, but there tncy n they them down rry them away. ace hard by, n espy, that they started i shout. a loud huzza, em not a straw: ■ could be, sre forc'd to flee.t I first the fight bp- ley fall like rain." E so thick, some of them hit. idiers to surround, there was a pond, t all the rear,§ ,ltho> they skolk'd >tb, and wounded rye, the chaplain, M presented, and they fired on both numbers, but the e first shot" lb. r their guns, slew re they retreated hich served thom 1 1 Two logs there were behind them, that close together lay, Without being discovered, they could not get away ; Therefore our valiant English, they travelT'd in a row. And at a handsome distance as .i.ey were wont to go. 12 'Twas lOo'clock in ths morning, when first the fight begun. And fiercely did continue untilthe setting sun ; Excepting that the Indians, some hours before 'tw" night. Drew oflfinto the bushes and ceased awhile to fight.* 13 But soon again returned, in fierce and furious mood, Shouting as in the morning, but yet not half so loud ; For as we are informed, so thick and fast they fell. Scarce twenty of their number, at night did get home well.t 14 And that our valiant English, till midnight there did stay. To see whether the rebels would have another fray ; But they no more returning, they made off towards their home, [come.i And brought away their wounded as far as they could 15 Of all our valiant English, there were but thirtyfour. And of the rebel Indians, there were about four score. And sixteen of our English did safely home return, The rest were killed and wounded, for which we all must mourn. § as a breastwork, and, perhaps, saved them from an immediate defeat. This is the more probable, as but few were killed afterward. lb. • They probably drew ofl" to take care of the wounded. Symmes nor Penhallow makes no mention that they return- ed again to the fight, after they drew off. t Forty were said to be killed upon the spot, and eighteen more died of their wounds. Penhallow. t Solomon Keyes, after receiving three wounds, crawled along the shore of the pond, where he chanced to find an old canoe, into which he rolled himself, and the wind wafted him on several miles toward the fort, which he reached in safety. He felt his end approaching, when he was in the boat, into which he had crawled, only to die in peace, and to escape the scalping knife, but wonderfully revived. Symmes. § Eight were left in the woods, whose wounds were so bad that they could not travel, of whom two only returned. One ran away in the beginning of the fight. ill - ^*,^^tW»l'j!!l(^U^A f ngiijgfl@.aMW.aiia> ! MifrJ'.t i Vj. ; .^^ ■" I II l» ' »VM' uiu i ' ' j-K'-mi ' lf t *'»l i " 334 APPENDIX. 16 Our worthy Captain Lovewell among them there did dir. They killed Lt. Robins," and wounded good young Frye.t Who was our English chaplain ; he many Indians slew, And some of them he scalp'd when bullets round him.flevr "1?^°?"^ FullamJ too I'll mcation, because he fought so well Endeayouring to save a man, a sacrifice he fell ; But yet our valiant Englishniftn in fight were ne'er di>.- "'"V'^l' [made But still they kept their motion, and Wyiuan'f<§ Captaiii 18 Who shot the old chief Paugus,|| which did the foe defeat, 1 hen set his men in order, and brought oft' the retreat : And braving many dangers and hardships in the way, I hey safe arriv'd at Dunstable, the thirteenth day of May. IT ' In the beginniiiiT of the war, one hundred pounds were offered by the government for every Indian scalp. C aptain Lovewell and his company in about * He belonged to Chelmesford. Being mortally wounded, desired to have two guns charged, and left with him, which they did. He said, " As the Indians will come in the morn, ing to scalp me, I will kill one more of them if I can." lb. t He fell about the middle of tljp afternoon. He was the. only son of Capt. James Prye of Andover, graduated at Har- vard college m 1723, and was chaplain of tEe company, lb. t Only son of Major FuUam of Weston, was sergeant of the company, and fell in the beginning of the fight, lb § Ensign Seth Wyman of Woburn. He was presented Tnt^ 5J°v"h>Ued sword for his good conduct, anrommU- woned Captain. He died soon after. U Many of LoveWell's men knew Paugus personally \ huge bear's skin formed a part of his 3ress. From Mr hr^Th^PvTl}' '* ^PP^'^" that John Chamberlain killed 1^" ft ^ i'u''.u''u'*'"^ together some time in the fight, and afterward both happened to go to the pond to wash ou Iheir guns, which were rendered useless by so frequent firing. Here the challange was given by Paugus, " It ?s you b.iL&r k"*.' three others did not arrive until the I5th, JUt the mam body, consisting of twelve, arrived the 13th. ^&..^ F>m there did die, md young Fryct I' IndianH slew, I round him.flew lie fought M well. le fell ; were ne'er dis- [made. 'iuan'fi§ Captaiit id the foe defeat, T the retreat ; in the way, irteenth dfay of iniired pound's every Indian pany in about rtallr wounded, rith him, which me in the morn^ f I can." lb. n. He was thf aduated at Har- company. lb. tvas .sergeant of fight, ib. was presented ct, and commis- personally. A ss. From Mr. nberlain killed e in the light, [id to wash out >y so fre(]uent igus, "It is you they fired, and until the 15th, ed the 13th. ii lBWH ««|rmil*p««MMpM APPENDIX. 'Hmt^mmmf 335 three months made twelve hundred pounds. This stimulated them to attack the village of Pigwocket, where, if successful, they considered their fortunes sure. It was a heavy loss to the country, but this nearly finished the war. The Indians formed no considerable body in these parts afterward. A long and happy peace followed. The above song is taken from the valuable Histori- cal Collections of Farmer and RIoore. I cannot vc ase tiie beautiful Hnesof Mr. Thomas C. Upham, " i N. Hampshire poet," a place in this work. They were o -casionod by a visit to the place of Lovewell's Fight.* Ah! where are the soldiers that foug: ^ here of yore.' The sod is upon them, they'll struKei , > more. The hatchet is fallen, the red mai. "a ' jw ; But near him reposes the arm of h;'.s toe. The bugle is silent, the waih op is dead : There's a murmur of w iters and woods in their stead j And the raven and owl chant a symphony drear, Fron" 'he dark waving pines o'er the combatant's bier. * The light of the sun has jusi sunk in the wave. And along time ago sat the sun of the brave. The waters complain, a° they roll o'er the stones, And the rank grass encisclos a few scatter'd bones. The names of the fallen the traveller leaves Cut out with his knife in the bark of the trees, But little avail his affectionate arts. For the names of the fallen are graved in our hearts. The voice of the hunter is loud on the breeze, Thcre'a ,. .•.. ^hing of waters, a rustling of trees ; But th.- :>/. ling of armour hath all pass'd away. No gushing of lifeblood is here seen to day. The eye that was sparkling, no longer is bright, ThJ! arm of the mighty, death conquered its might, • Taken from Farmer and Moore's Col. 1, 35. I »a*"is^ife^isa' t aa !Sa a5 ^ sl8a^sM!iS^ ! S^^^ 336 APPENDIX. The bosoms that once for their country beat high, To those bosoms the sods of the valley are nigh. Sleep, soldiers of merit, sleep, gallants of yore. The hatchet is fallen, the struggle is o'er. While the fir tree is green and the wind rolls a wave, The tear drop shall brighten the turf of the brave. XII. ANECDOTES, NAKRATIVES, (feC, OF THE IN- DIANS. 1. Among the first settlers of Brunswick, Maine, was Daniel Malcolm, a man of undaunted courage, and an inveterate enemy of the Indians, who gave him the name of Sungurnumby, that is, a very strong man. Early in the spring, he ventured alone into the forest for the purpose of splitting rails from the spruce, not apprehensive of Indians so early in the season. While engaged in his work, and having opened a log with small wedges about half its length, heAvas si^rprised by Indians, who crept up and se- cured his musket, standing by his side. " Sungur- numby," said the chief, " now me got you ; long me want you ; you long speak Indian, long time worry him ; me have got you now ; look up stream to Ca- nada."— "Well," said Malcolm, with true sangfroid, " you have me ; but just help me open this log be- fore I go." They all (five in number) agreed. Mal- colm prepared a large wooden wedge, carefully drove it, took out his small wedges, and told the In- dians to put in their fingers to the partially clefted wood, and help pull it open. They did ; he then sud- denly struck out his blunt wedge, and the elastick wood instantly closed fust on their fingers, and he secured them.* 2. Origin of ttui name of a bridge in Salisbury M". H., known by the name of " Indian Bridge." — In the fall of the year 1153, two Indians, named Sa- * Farmer and Moore, III, 109. beat high, e nigh. fyorc, roll" a wave, the brave. ., OF THE IN- inswick, Maine, lunted courage, lians, who gave is, a very strong ired alone into g rails from the so early in the rk, and having t half its length, rept up and se- ide. " Sungur- t you ; long me ong tinrje worry p stream to Ca- true aangfroid, en this log be- ) agreed. Mal- edge, carefully ind told the In- )artially clefted d ; he then sud- ind the elastick fingers, and ho ge in Salisbury UN Bridge." — ans, named Sa- m. i APPENDIX. 337 batis and Plausawa, came into Canterbury with furs. They here met two men from Newbury, whom they knew, but were not pleased at seeing them, and be- gan to make off. Sabatis seemed disposed to do mischief, but was prevented by Plausawa. The two Englishmen offered to buy their furs. They refused, and said they would not sell furs to the English, but would go to Canada; but afterward they offered to trade for rum. They had rum, but would not sell it to them, thinking that they Vvere ill disposed. As they were about to leave the Indians, one of them, Plausawa, appeared friendly, ahd advised them to avoid meeting with Indians. When they had gone a little distance from the Indians, Sabatis called them, and said, " No more you English come here ; me heart bad ; me kill you." One of the English replied, "No kill — English and Indians now all brothers." As they left the Indians, they met one Peter Bowen going toward them. They told him of the temper the Indians had showed, and tried to dis- suade him. He replied, that he was not afraid of them ; that be was acquainted with Indians and knew how to deal with them. The Indians had got mto their canoe, and were going up the river, when Bow- en called to them, and invited them to go to his house, and stay all night ; and that he would give them some rum. They went with him to his house, which was in Contoocook. The night was spent in a drunken frolick, in which Bowen did not fail to act his part ; being much accustomed to their modes of life. In the midst of the frolick, Bowen took the caution to unload their guns. The next morning he took his horse to convey their packs to their boats. As thev were going, Sabatis proposed to Bowen to run with his horse. A race being agreed upon-and performed, in which Sabatis beat Bowen on horse- back, at which he was much pleased, and laughed heartily. After proceeding along a little furtlier, 29 338 APPENDIX. Sabatis said to him, " Bowen walk woods," meaning that Bowen was his prisoner. Bowen said, "No walk woods, all one brothers." Another race soon followed, in which Sabatis fell in the rear, and Bow- en hearing a gun snap, looked round and saw a flash from Sabatis' gun, which was pointed at him. He turned back and laid him dead with a blow of his tomahawk. Plausawa was farther behind, and as Bowen came toward him, he leveled his gun and it snapped also ; he then fell on his knees and begged for his life, but Bowen knew he should be in danger 80 long as the friend of Sabatis lived, so he despatch- ed him in like manner. Hq then hid the bodies un- der a bridge, which were found the next spring and buried. From this affair is the name of Indian Bridge derived.* 3. Origin of the peopling of JSTantucket by the Jnr diana. It is told that in a remote period of a'^tiqui- ty, an eagle made a descent on some part of the coast of what is now Newengland, and carried off a young Indian in his talons, the weeping parents made bitter lamentations, and with eager eyes saw their child borne out of sight, over the trackless deep. They resolved to follow in the same direc- tion. Accordingly they set out in their canoes, and after a perilous passage descried the island. They landed and after much search found the bones of the child. 4. An anecdote of the colony of Sagadehock. " The Norridgewock Indians have this tradition ; that this company engaged a number of Indians, who had come to trade with them, to draw a cannon, by a long rope ; that the moment they were ranged in a strait line, the white people discharged the piece, which killed and wounded a number. Their story is, that the indignation of the natives for this barbsr • Ibid. Ill, 37. ^ APPENDIX. 339 woods," meaning owen said, "No nother race soon lie rear, and Bow- d and saw a flash ited at him. He ith a blow of his r behind, and as led his gun and it Lnees and begged )uld be in danger i, so he despatch- lid the bodies un- e next spring and name of Indian '.ntucket by the lur period of a'^tiqui- H}me part of the and carried off a weeping parents h eager eyes saw iver the trackless 1 the same direc- their canoes, and he island. They ind the bones of r of Sagadehock. ave this tradition ; •er of Indians, who Iraw a cannon, by iy were ranged in iharged the piece, ir. Their story is, S8 for this barba- rous treachery, compelled the company to embark to save their own lives."* 5. 'M Utter from King Philip to Govemouf Prince, copied from the original, which belonga to Mr. WhUe, of Plymouth. The words are spelt as w the original letter." Kino Philip desire to let you understand that he could not come to the court, for Tom, his interpreter has a pain in his back, that he could not travil so far, and Philip sister is very sick. Philip would intreat that favor, of you, and aney of the majestrates, if aney English or Engians speak about aney land, he preay you to give them no an- swer at all. This last sumer he made that promis with you, that he would not sell no land in 7 years time, for that he would have no English trouble him before that time, he has not forgot that you promis him. He will come a sune as posible he can to speak with you, and so I rest, your verey loveing friend, Philip, dwelling at mount hope nek To the much honored Governer, Mr. Thomas Prince, dwelling at Plymouth.f 6. Singvlariiy of the Indian language. Thus the word Nummatchekodtantamooonganunnonash signi- fies no more in English, than our lusts ; and Noo- womantanunooonkanunonnash no more thanottf kwea. A yet longer word (if so such an assemblage of let- ters may be called) Kummogkodonattoottummooeti- teaongannunnonash is to express only our qv£ation.% 7. J proof of King PhiUp's humanity. The ances- ter of Col. B. Cole, of Warren, Rhodeisland, came to this country and settled at Tuisset.'^ He in time ~ Mowe and Parish's Hut. N. Eng. 17. t Maw. Hist. Soc. Col. II, 40. The Editor writes at the bottom of the letter, '< There is no date to the letter, it was probably written about 1660 or 1670." f See Magnalia, I, 507. ( A neck of land on the east side of Keekamuit ri^er. 340 APPENDIX. (■^ became acqainted with Philip, and always lived in habits o. friendship with him. In June 1675, Philip informed him that his young men were very eager to go to war against the English ; but when he could noJpngV restram them he would let him know. Ac- cordingly on an evening previous to the fatal 24, canoes arrived from Mounthope with advise from Phihp, that Mr. Cole and family must go over to R. I., as his people would begin the war. They em- barked, and the next morning their dwellings were burned. Col. B. Cole, is of the fourth generation.* 8. ^n Indian Snare. To take large animals they sometimes built two extensive fences, perhaps a mile apart at one extremity, and at the other nearly meet- ing, forming an angle, generally, something less than a right one. At this point or opening they contrived to bend down a tree of sufficient strength to suspend the largest animals. " An English mare having once strayed away, was caught, and like Mahomet's fabled coffin, raised between the heavens and earth, in one of these snares. The Indians arriving, and seeing her struggling on the tree, ran immediately, and in- formed the English that their gquaw horse was hane- ing on a tree."f 9. Jlnecdote of Masaaaaoit. " Mr. Winslow, J com- ing in his bark from Connecticut to Narragenset, — and he left her there, — and intending to return by land, he went { Mr, Edward Winslow. 1 utui i m it M il iM APPENDIX, 341 always lived in tune 1675, Philip ere very eager to t when he could I him know. Ac- to the fatal 24, ith advise from ist go over to R. war. They em- dwellings were rth generation.* -ge animals they I, perhaps a mile her nearly meet- lething less than g they contrived ngth to suspend lare having once [ahomet's fabled nd earth, in one ing, and seeing diately, and in- korse was hang- IVinslow, J com- Narragenset, — ig to return by nore, J^Massas- luct him home their journey, limouth to tell id directed him . Whereupon 'limouth. The lim home, they asked him why he sent such word, &c. He answer- ed, that it was their manner to do so, that they might be more welcome when they came home."* This was in 1634. 10. Singular descriptions. Dr. Mather says there fell into his hands the manuscript of a Jesuit, era- ployed by the French to instruct the Iroquois In- dians in religion ; in which was " one chapter about Heaven, and another about Hell, wherein are such thick skuUed passages as these." " ' Q. How is the soyl made in Heaven? A. 'Tis a very/atr soyl, they want neither for meats nor clothes : 'tis but wishing and we have them. ^. Are they employed in Heav- en9 A. No ; they do nothing ; the fields yield corn, beans, pumpkins, and the like without any tillage." ' After a few others that amount to no more or less, it proceeds thus in the examination of Hell. " * Q. What sort of soyl is that of Mlf A. A very wretched soyl ; 'tis a jiery pit, in the centre of the earth. ({. Have they any light in heW^ A. No. 'Tis always dark; there is always smake there ; their eyes are always in pain with it ; they can see noth- ing but the devils. Q. What shaped things are the devils ? A. Very ill shaped things ; they go about with vizards on, and they terrify men. Q. fVhat do they eat in heW? A. They are always hungry, but the damned feed on hot ashes and serpents there. Q. What water have they ta drink ? A. Horid wa- ter, nothing but melted lead. Q. Dont they die in heU9 A. No : yet they eat one another, every day ; but anon, God restores and renews the man that was eat- en, as a cropt plant in a little time repullulates.'^" " It seems they have not thought this divinity too gross for the barbarians. But I shall make no re- flections on it."t • Winthrop'8 Hist. N. Eng. I, 188, 189. t See Magnalia, I, 521, 532. 29* ■I ••ll^«P 343 APPENDIX. it XIII. MASSACRE OF THE CONESTOGOE INDIANS IN PENNSYLVANIA. An almost uninterrupted friendship seems to have existed between the Indians and the inhabitants of Pennsylvania, until the year 1754. At this period the French had stirred up the Indians in the back country, and an Indian war commenced. About ten years after that, when " many," says Mr. Proud, "who had been continually flocking into the province, in later years, having from their inex- perience and ignorance, too despicable an opinion of that people, and treating them accordingly, were by this conduct foolishly enraged against the whole species indiscriminately ; insomuch, that in the lat- ter part of the year 1763, calling to their aid the madness of the wildest enthusiasm, with which, un- der pretence of religion, certain most furious zealots among the preachers of a numerous sect, in the pro- vince, could inspire their hearers, to cover their bar- barity, a number of, not improperly named, armed demi-9avagea, inhabitants of Lancaster county, prin- cipally from the townships of Paxtang and Donnegal, and their neighbourhood, committed the most horri- ble massacre, that ever was heard of in this, or per- haps, any other province, with inpunity ! and under the notion of extirpating the heathen from the earth, as Joshua did of old, that these saints might possess the Irnd alone," &c. Thus begins the narrative. " ' These Indians were the remains of a tribe of the Six Nations, settled at Conestogoe, and thence call- ed Conestogoe Indians. On the first arrival of the English in Pennsylvania, messengers from this tribe came to welcome them, with presents of venison, corn and skins ; and the whole tribe entered into a treaty of friendship with the first Proprietary, Will- iam Penn ; which was to last as long as the mn shotUd shine, or the waters run in the rivers. GOE INDIANS IN ip seems to have te inhabitants of At this period ans in the back iced. n " many," says lily flocking into from their inex- able an opinion ;cordingIy, were [ainst the whole that in the lat- to their aid the with which, un- t furious zealots sect, in the pro- cover their bar- named, armed £r county, prin- ; and Donnegal, the most horri- r in this, or per- lity ! and under from the eartli, 8 might possess he narrative, of a tribe of the md thence call- it arrival of the from this tribe nts of venison, e entered into a )prietary, Will- mg as the wn ! rivers. mim ' ^- APPENDIX. 343 This treaty has been since frequently renewed, and the chain brightened, as they express it, from time to time. It has never been violated on their part, or ours, till r.ow. As their lands, by degrees, were mostly purchased, and the settlement of the white people began to surround them, the Proprietor as- signed them lands on the manor of Conestogoe, which they might not part with ; there they have lived many years, in friendship with their white neighbours, who loved the.Ti for their peaceable, in- offensive behaviour. It has always been observed, that Indians, settled in the neighbourhood of white people, do not increase, but diminish continually. This tribe accordingly went on diminishing, till there remained in their town, on the manor, but twenty persons, namely, seven men, five women, and eight children, boys and girls. Of these, Shehaes was a very old man, having as- sisted at the second treaty, held with them by Mr. Penn, in 1701 ; and ever since continued a faithful friend to the English ; he is said to have been an ex- ceeding good man, considering his education, being naturally of a most kind, benevolent temper. This little society continued the custom they had begun, when more numerous, of addressing every new Governour, and every descendant of the first Proprietaiy, welcoming him to the province, assur- ing him of their fidelity, and praying a continuance of that favour and protection, which they had hither- to experienced. They had accordingly sent up an address of this kind to our present Governour (John Penn, Esquire) on his arrival; but the same was scarce delivered when the unfortunate catastrophe happened which we are about to relate. On Wednesday, the 14th of December, 1763, fif- tyseven men from some of our frontier townships, who had projected the destruction of this little com- monwealth came all well mounted, and armed witli i.f .,4mu i i«m » " mm 344 APPENDIX. firelocks, hangers and hatchets, having travelled through the country in the night to Conestogoe ma- nor. There they surrounded the small village of In- dian huts, and just at break of day, broke in upon them all at once. Only three men, two women, and a young boy were found at home ; the rest being out among the neighbouring white people ; some to sell their baskets, brooms and bowls, they manufac- tured, and others, on other occasions. These poor defenceless creatures were immediately fired upon, stabbed and hatcheted to death ! The good She- haes, among the rest, cut to pieces in his bed ! All of them were scalped, and otherwise horribly mang- led. Then their huts were set on fire, and most of them burned down. The Magistrates of Lancaster sent out to collect the remaining Indians, brought them into the town, for their better security against any further attempt ; and, it is said, condoled with them on the misfortune, that had happened, took them by the hand, and promised them protect Um. They were put into the workhouse, a strong build- mg, as the place of greatest safety. These cruel men again assembled themselves; and hearing that the remaining fourteen Indians were m the workhouse at Lancaster, they suddenly appeared before that town, on the tw entyseventh of December. Fifty of them armed as before ; dis- mounting, went directly to the workhouse, and by violence broke open the door, and entered with the utmost fury in their countenances. When the poor wretches saw they had no protection nigh, nor could possibly escape, and being without the least wea- pon of defence, they divided their little families, the children clinging to their parents ; they fell on their faces, protested their innocence, declared their love to the English, and that, in their whole lives, they had never done them injury ; and in this pos- ture, they all received the hatchet! Men, women iving travelled [^onestogoe ma- iill village of In- broke in upon :wo women, and the rest being >eople ; some to , they manufac- s. These poor tely fired upon, The good She- n his bed ! All horribly mang- 'e, and most of t out to collect I into the town, urther attempt ; the misfortune, ' the hand, and a strong build- d themselves ; urteen Indiatis , they suddenly cntyseventh of IS before ; drs- :house, and by ntered with the VVhen the poor ligh, nor could the least wea- le families, the ey fell on their declared their ir whole lives, nd in this pos- Men, women APPENDIX. 345 and children, were every one inhumanly murdered in cold blood ! The barbarous men, who committed the attrocious fact, in defiance of government, of all laws, human and divine, and, to the eternal disgracr of their coun- try and colour, then mounted their horses, huzzaed in triumph, as if they had gained a victory, and rode off unmolested ! The bodies of the murdered were then brought out, and exposed in the street, till a hole could be made in the earth, to receive and cover them. But the wickedness cannot be covered, and the guilt will lie on the whole land, till justice is done on the mur- derers. The blood of the innocent uHU cry to heaven for vengeance. Notwithstanding the proclamations and endea- vours of the Governour on the occasion, the murder- ers having given out such threatenings against those that disapproved their proceedings, that the whole country seems to be in terror, and no one durst speak what he knows; even the letters from thence are unsigned, in which any dislike is expressed of the rioters.'" Mr. Proud* adds to the above narrative, that, " Sc» far had the infection sptt;ad, which caused this ac- tion, and so much had fear seized the minds of tlie people, or perhaps both, that neither the printer nor the writer of this publication, though supposed to be as nearly connected as Franklin and Hall were at that time, and men of the first character in their way, did not insert either their names, or places of abode, in it ! It was printed while the insurgents were pre- paring to advance towards Philadelphia ; or on their way thither ; it appeared to have some effect, in pre- * See his Hist. Pennsylvania, I, .436 to 328. [I would re- mind the reader, that no comparison should have been made, in note 3, to pace 147, between the treatment of the Indians in Newengland, and Penns^^lvania ; for Mr. Makin wrote before any material difficulties had occurred in that pro« vinee.] i 346 APPENDIX. WM venting the threatened consequences, by exciting an exertion of endeavours, in the citizens, for that pur- pose ; and being a relation of real facts, though writ in a hurry, it was never answered or contradicted." XV. TROUBLES WITH THE INDIANS IN THE LATE WAR WITH E.VOLANO. Before the declaration of war took place between America and Great Britain, the Indians along the frontiers, very much alarmed the inhabitants by their hostile appearance. The famous Indian warriour, Tecumseh, had been known for his enmity to civilization, and utter aver- sion to the white people, from the time of Harmer's defeat ; and, like the celebrated Philip, had extend- ed his endeavours, far and wide, among the various tribes of his countrymen, to unite them in making war on the Americans. His eloquence was irresista- ble, and his success was great. It is sufficient to observe, that the English had early engaged him in their cause. Much was alsc imposed on the credu- lity of those people by a brother of Tecumseh, who professed the spirit of prophecy, and the art of con- juration ; in the exercise of which, much was eflfect- ed. He was known by the name of " The Prophet." In 1811, Governour Harrison of Indiana, met a large number of chiefs at Vincennes, to confer about the state of affairs. Tecumseh appeared there, to remonstrate against the sale of certain lands, made by the Kickapoos and others. In a speech of great eloquence, he urged the wrongs of his countrymen, by the encroachments of the whites, of which he gave a faithful history. In the Governour's answer, he advanced something which Tecumseh thought, or perhaps knew to be wrong. At which he raised his tomahawk, and twenty or thirty others followed his example. But Harrison had taken the precaution to have a sufficient force at hand, which prevented any acts of violence. This broke up the conference, and war was soon expected to follow. !8, by exciting an 'MS, for that pur- icts, though writ )r contradicted." N THE LATE WAR >k place between idians along the abitants by their imseh, had been and utter aver- ime of Harnaer's ilip, had extend- long the various them in making ice was irresista- ; is sufficient to engaged him in id on the credu- Tecumseh, who I the art of con- nuch was eflfect- " The Prophet." Indiana, met a , to confer about peared there, to ain lands, made L speech of great his countrymen, es, of which he ernour's answer, nseh thought, or ch he raised his lers followed his he precaution to h prevented any confereace, and ■ . oilllMWi^tfWWIWW^^WWIWIWW*" APPENDIX. 347 riattU of nmcanoe. Toward the latter end of the' year 1811, the appearance ?V''^ ^'"^'^"%7'J, alarJiing, that Gov. Harrison, with an army of about 2000 men, marched into the Indian country. On arriving within a mile of the Prophet's town, they were met by a number of chiefs, who sued for peace and begged for their lives. Harrison demanded the plunde? taken from the Americans. It bemg near night, 6 November, they requested the army to encamp, and in the morning, they would accede to his proposals. The intrigue was mistrusted, and the Governour drew up his army in order «f »>a"'e, and encamped for the night. About four o'clock the.r camp was attacked with great impetuosity, and the battle was for some time doubtful and bloody. But at length, the Indians were overpowered, and the victory was complete. About 300 of their war- riours strewed the ground of battle. The behav^ur of the Americans, many of whom had never seen an engagement before, cannot be too much applaud- ed. When the battle began, each took his post without noise, and with ctilmness. Their loss in valuable officers was severe : They were these ; kill- ed. Col. Abraham Owens, the Governour s aid ; t-o . Joseph H. Davies, a very eminent lawyer; Col. White, Capt. Warrick, Capt. Spencer, Lieut. Mc- Mahon, Lieut. Berry, and Capt. Bean. An ExpedUum against the Western Indians.— For the purpose of driving the hostile Indians out of the limits of the U. States, an expedition was on foot early in October, consisting of 4000 men un- der Gen. Hopkins. After relieving fort Harrison, above mentioned, he crossed the Wabash and en- camped but few miles distant. Here discontents were discovered among the soldiers, which very soon broke out into open disobedience of orders. Ihis irreat army was composed of raw militia, of which ht- Se could be expected; and, but for the assistance af- forded fort Harrison, the expedition would have been i 548 APPENDIX. rendered entirely abortive. A certain Major rode up to the General, and with great authority of ex- pression, commanded him to return. Seeing the state of his men, the General told them, that if 500 would accompany him, he would proceed in quest of the enemy ; but not a man would turn out. He then requested them to let him have the direction for a single day ; to which they assented. He then put himself at their head, and ordered them to march; but they filed off in a contrary direction, and marched off to fort Harrison; and the General followed in the rear. At their encampment in a great prairie beyond the Wabash, the grass was dis- covered to be on fire, and driven by a fierce wind directly toward their camp. This was an Indian trap. But the Americans set fire to the grass about them, and were thereby delivered from a formidable onset by the flames. The same officer, afterward performed a successful expedition against the In- d^s. Affair of the river Raisin. Out of sympathy for the mhabitants of Frenchtown, who were threatened with an Indian massacre, on imprudent step was taken by the Americans. Gen. Winchester had ta- ken post at the rapids, when he received a pressing request from those inhabitants, for his protection. Accordingly, he despatched Col. Lewis with 300 men for their relief. On his arrival, he found the Indians already in possession of the place, but he at- tacked them in their works, and drove them from the place, and encamped on the same ground. Two days after, 20 December, Gen. Winchester arrived with the main army. Their force now consisted of 760 men. These operations went on without the knowledge ofGen. Harrison, the commander in chief, whose knowledge of the situation of the country, convinced him of their extreme danger. French- town is situated only 20 miles from Maiden, a strong British post, of a superiour force to the Americans, rtain Major rode authority of ex- rn. Sceins the hem, that if 500 ftrocced in quest d turn out. He ive the direction ented. He then trdered them to ntrory direction, ind the General icampment in a ie grass was dis- by a fierce wind was an Indian > the grass about om a formidable fficer, afterward against the In- of sympathy for were threatened udent step was ichestcr had ta- eived a pressing ' his protection. Lewis with 300 il, he found the place, but he ai- re them from the I ground. Two ichester arrived ow consisted of on without the mander in chief, of the country, mger. French- tfalden, a strong the Americans, APPENDIX. 340 and the intervening waters were covered witli solid ice. It was also 70 miles from any American place, from whence they could expect supplies. Their situation did not escape the notice of the Brit- ish. Col. Proctor, with 600 English and above 1000 Indians under the two Indian chiefs, Splitlog and Roundhead, appeared before their camp at .day break, on the 22 January, 1813, and immediately began the attack. The Americans' works not being large enough to contain their small force, 150 were posted without. The numbers of the enemy enabled him to dispose of his force, as to cut off* all means of retreat. The attack was first made on those without the fort, who were soon forced to give way. They fled across the river, and were pursued by the ene- my, and cut to pieces. One hundred men, in two companies, left the works, and went over to their as- sistance, and shared the same horrid fate. General Winchester and Col. Lewis, in some manoeuvre, were taken prisoners. The little army now in possession of the pickets, maintained the unequal fight until 1 1 of the clock, when Gen. Winchester capitulated for them. It was particularly stipulated that the wound- ed should be protected from the savages. The army still consisted of upwards of 500 men, and not until a flag had passed three times would they con- sent to surrender. But knowing their situation to be desperate, they consented under assurance fl-om the British officer, that their lives and proper- ties should be protected. We shall now see, with what faith the semi barbarian, Proctor, acted. No sooner had this brave band submitted, than they saw what was to follow. The tomahawk and scalping knife were indiscriminately employed among the dead and wounded ; officer's side arms were wrest- ed ^om them, and many stript and robbed. About 60 wounded Americans s trowed the battle ground, who, by the kindness of tin inhabitants were remov- ed into houses. But hMi.tii to tell, the next day, a • 30 350 APPENDIX. u b If *i* h t body of those savages were permitted to retain, and after scalping and murdering to their content, set fire to the town, and all \.ere buried beneath the conflagration, except a few that could travel, who were marched into the wilderness. Defence <^ fort Meigs. General Harrison had established his head quarters at Franklintown, previ- ous to the battle of the river Raisin, for the greater facility of transmitting orders, (fee, to the different posts. After that affair took place, he concentrated his forces, consisting of 1200 men, at the Rapids, and there threw up a fort, which, in honour of the Governour of Ohio, was called fort Meigs. The ene- my made their appearance about the 28 April, and soon after, began to construct batteries on the op- posite side of the river. But in this business they proceeded slowly, from the annoyance of fort Meiffs, and were obliged to perform their labours in the tiight. They at length succeeded in erecting two batteries of heavy cannon, and a mortar. These be- gan furiously to play upon the American works, but were several times silenced. Proctor sent an inso- lent summons to Harrison, to surrender ; he returned an answer according as it merited. The siege was continued, and the Indians from the tops of the trees fired into the fort and killed several men. General Harrison now received information, that two regi- ments from Oh'o, which were expected, were near at hand. He despatched orders to their General for a party to attack the enemy's works at one point, while a party from the fort, should act simultaneous- ly on another part. Eight hundred men under Col. Dudley of the' Ohio men, and another body under Col. Miller, were immediately in motion. Col. Dud- ley led his men up in the face of the enemy's cannon, 4Uid every battery was carried, almost in an instant, and the British and Indians fled with great precipi- tation. These fugitives were met bv a large body of Indians under Gen. Tecumseh. 'iHiis famous war- 'l^ i> ■ f' - ## w lilNJIllLIIUtLPi APPENDIX. 351 tted to retain, and their content, set iiried beneath the could travel, who iraV Harrison had anklintown, previ- in, for the greater :., to the different e, he concentrated in, at the Rapids, , in honour of the ; Meigs. The ene- the 28 April, and itteries on the op- this business they ince of fort Meigs, leir labours in the id in erecting two nortar. These be- nerican works, but octor sent an inso- jnder ; he returned i. The siege was ie tops of the trees ral men. General ion, that two regi- :pected, were near i to their General works at one point, i act simultaneous- ed men under Col. nother body under notion. Col. Dud- he enemy's cannon, most in an instant, with great precipi- : bv a Targe body of TSiis famous war- riour, expecting the Americans to pursue, formed an ambush, and waited their approach. Col. Dudley's men were so elated at their success, that they could not be restrained from pursuing the fugitives, although their Colonel used his utmost endeavours. They accordingly pressed on, and immediately found them- selves surrounded by the savages. Here another horrid slaughter followed ; but, different from that at Raisin, for Tecumseh interposed for the lives of those that surrendered, and not like Proctor, did he turn his back on those barbarities. He even laid a chief dead at his feet, for persisting in the massacre. About 650 men were killed and missing in this af- fair. The lamented Dudley was among the former. The party under Col. Miller, performed their part admirably, and afler spiking the cannon, returned to camp with upwards of 40 prisoners. These opera- tions made the enemy relinquish his design, and he inmiediately drew off. The distinguished names of Croghan, Todd, Johnson, Sedgwick, Ritzen, Stod- dard, and Butler will live in the annals of their coun- try. The last mentioned was a son of Gen. Butler, who fell in St. Clair's defeat. Battle of the Moravian towns, and death of Te- aimaeh. Afler the great naval victory on the lake, achieved by the American fleet, under the gallant Perry, Proctor abandoned Maiden, and took a posi- tion on the river Thames. His precipitate move- ments were displeasing to Tecumseh, who thought the situation of his brethren entirely disregarded, by their being lefl open to the Americans. In a speech to Proctor, he reprobates Ills conduct in very pointed terms. He says, "The war before this, [meaning the re- volution] our British father gave the hatchet to his red children, when our old chiefs were alive. They are now dead. In that war our father [the king] was thrown on his back by the Americans, and he afterward took them by the hand without our knowledge, and we are afraid he will do so again at this time. Listen, you told us to bring our families to this place, and we iiah 352 APPENDIX. did so. You promised to take care of them, and that they should want for nothing. Our ships have gone one way, and we are very much astonished to see our father [Proctor] tying up every thing, and preparing to run away the other. You always told ^ us you never could draw your foot off British ground : but now, father, we see you are drawing back with- out seemg the enemy. We must compare our fa- ther's conduct to a fat animal, that carries his tail on jus back, but when affrighted, drops it between its legs and runs off." This though a few detached para- graphs, will serve to give some acquaintance with the great chief. Proctor, after considerable manoeu- vring, was unable to escape with all his baggage, being hard pressed by Harrison in every move up the Thames. At length the two armies met in the vicinity of the Moravian towns, 5 October 1813, and a fierce battle was fought. Tecumseh's Indians were in possession of a thick wood, who, with the British regulars, had formed their line of battle, on advantageous ground. Gen. Harrison, with his aids, Com. Perry, Capt. Butler, and Gen. Cass, led the front line, while Col. Johnson, with the mounted men, was ordered to charge at full speed, and bi%ak their line. They were immediately in motion, and though the horses recoiled on receiving the fire of the Brit- ish and Indians, yet, it was momentary, and their im- petuosity bore down all before them. The enemy's line was broken in an instant and Johnson's mount- ed men were formed on their rear, and poured in a treniendous fire upon them. The British officers finding it in vain to rally again at this point, surren- dered. A body of savages under Tecumseh, still disputed the ground, and Col. Johnson fell, in the thickest of the fight, almost covered with wounas. Tecumseh in person flew towards him, with his toma- hawk raised, to give iiim the fatal blow. Jobason, thouf;;h faint from loss of blood, had strength to draw Ins pistol, and laid Tecumseh dead at his feet. .Mm ii' !H!k' i - ■:dros Cuii. Etisiha 194, 201, 204. Androscoggin 184, 1,^. AndroB Sir Edmund 120, 160, 151, 162,134,161,178,260. Annawon xiv, 106, 124, 127, 129, 131, 132, 133, 134, 136, 137, ta ken 188, )>ut to doath 146. Annnawon's .-^ick 136. Aponaganset 6(), 61, 98, 100. Appieton Mai. K>amu"' 65, 67. Aquetneck 19. Arrowsike 163, 169, 827 Arruhawikw&bemt 824. ^.«>^»w:**j»w?*a*((*!..**R?w*^. i^^if 356 INDEX. rm^ It ■ Bradford Mr. Wm. 290, 29!, 296, 2a7, 300, 301, 802. Brodstreet Gov. 152, 167. Braton Stephen 197. Brewstei Mr. William 297. Bridgewater 26. Bridgway Jarman 228, 229, 230. Britterige Richard 296, 297. Broelebank Cap., killed 70. Brookfield 53. Brown Cap. John 252, 281. Brown Mr. James 27,29, 31. Brown Peter 297. Bulkley Gershom 62. Bull's garrison 67. Bump John 144. Butler Cap. 351, 352. c. CaleTs Hist, witchcraft 196, 220. Canonchet 73, taken 107, killed 108, Oanonicus, killed 104. Canton Corporal, taken 234. Carver Gov. John 133, 296, 297, 29S, dies 301, 802. Carver's Travels 21. Castine B&ron De St. 152, 164, 165, 176, 219, 226, 233, 261. Caughncwaga, 31S. Cowley Robert 226, 228. Chamberlain John 884. Champlain Cap. 220. Chelmsford 64. Chesly 312. • Chienecto 228, 282. Chilton James 297. Chubb Cap. 219, killed 22P. Chubb Sergeant, killed 826. f'hurch Benjamin xii. Church Deac. Benj. xii. Church Charles xii. Church Caleb xi, 197. [274, 261. Church Cap. Constant xi, 251. 257, Church Edward xii, 262, 281. Church Joseph xi. Church Thomas xi. Clark Cap. Wm. 268. Clark Gov. 153. Clark Lieut 169. Clark Richard 297. Clark's garrison 72, 96. Clark's island 299. Clinton Hon. De WiU 68. Cocbeco 161, 314. Coddington Gov. Wm. 38. ColeCol.;. 889,840. Cole Cap. Jamei 252, 2M, 281. Colman Dr. Benjamin iv. Conestogoe massacre 842 to 346. Conscience, taken 149. Contoocook 317, 887. ['7 '8. Converse Cap. James 189, 192, 194, Cook Cap. John 26":, =7, "274, 281. Cook EUsha 160. Cook Francis 297. Cook John 101. Cousins Isaac, killed 314. Crackston John 296, 297. Cranfield Gov. 186. Cranston Gov. John 88, 39, 62. Oroghan Geo. 361. Cross , killed 314. Cudworth Maj. 30, 35, 36, 87. Curwin Jonathan 221. Cushnet 98.-' D. D'Aillebout 318. Danforth Gov. 166, 160, 166. Dartmouth 60, 61. D'Aubri Nicholas 187. Davenport Cap., killed 68. Davies Col., killed 847. Davis Cap. Silvanus 160, 168. D'Caliers 320. Deborahuel 226. Deerlield 64, 243, 321. Demot, 187. Dennison Cap. 66, 64, 78, 107 Dermer Cap. Thomas 801. D'Frontenac Count 224. 280. Dillano 101 to 105. D'Mantel 818. D'Monts 220. Doney 184, 185, 190. Dorey Edward 296, 297. Douglass' Hist. 42, 61, 52, 74, 98, 142. 145, 245, 266. 269, 271, 277, 284, 286. Drake Sir Francis 287. Dubois 282, 284. Dudley Col., killed 361. [256, 285. Dudley Gov. Joseph 260, 251, 208, Dudley Thomas 162, 249. Dustan Mrs. Hannah 316 to 817. Dwight Dr. 146, 806. Dyer Cap. John 252, 281. D^'Young 261. E. Earl Ralph 61, 02. Eaton Francis 297. Bdee Sergeant 269. Bdmundi Cap; 02, 176. Senjamin iv. namacre 842 to 34S. :akon 149. (17, 887. ['7 '8. p. James 189, 192, 194, )hn 26:^, =7, 274, 281. leo. 297. II. ;, killed 314. hn 296, 297. I. 186. . John 38, 39, 52. .351. lilled 314. y. 30, 35, 36, 87. han 221. D. 18. . 156, 160, 166. .61. olas 187. p., killed 68. uUed 847. Ivanus 160, 1«8. 243, 321. I. 66, 64, 78, 107 Thomas 901. Count 224. 230. 101 to 105. 15,190. i 296, 297. It. 42, 51, 52, 74, 98. 15, 266. 269, 271, 277, Jicis 287. a. killed 361. [256, 285. Joseph 260, 251, 208, IS 162, 248. Sannah 316 to 817. 16,308. Iin 252, 281. E. ,62. 297. t269. : 52, 176. ^. i M I I Ii miH il l i . Jl i l l MUjJ. UI !I )J|WI.,I » wm0 i L i w i Li w n iii . i > ii |t^ i( i i INDEX. 357 Eels Cap. 51, 62. Eliot Rev. John 21. Eliot Cap. John 326, 327. Eliot's Biog. Dictionary 28; 62, 146, 160, 162, 179, 181, 207, 216. Eliot Robert 206. Endecolt Cap. 305, 306. [21 English, probable numbers of in 1676, English Thomas 297. F. Farmer and More's Collections xii, 103, 257, 296, 331, 336, 336, 338. Fallrivcr xv, 48. Fernald William 206. Fivenations 68. Fletcher Moses 296, 297. Fogland ferry 42. Forbes William 101, 209, 215. Forefathers' day 300. Forefathers' rock 300. Frontenac Gov. 224, 230. Frost Cap. 813. Frost Major 203, 206- Frye Cap. James 334. Fryer Cap. Nathaniel 203, 206. Frye Rev. Mr. 330, wounded 334. Fuller Cap. 36 to 39. FuUam Sergeant, killed 334. Fuller Edward 297. Fuller Mr. Samuel 297. G. Gage Gen. 290. GaUop Cap. killed 58. Gallop Cap John 304, 305. Gardiner Cap. killed 68. Gardiner Richard 296. George 21, 79. [2S Gidney Col. Bartholomew 196, 220, Giles Lieut. 271. Gill Mr. 32,33. GofTGcneral 64,65. Golding Cap. 46, 46, 120, to 123. Gold island 43. Goodman John 297. Gorham Cap. John 221, 247, 252, 266, 262, 270, 273, 279, 281 Gorton Rev. Samuel 28, 104. Gosnold Bartholomew 287, OourdonMons. 260,263, taken 266, 267, 268, 270, 283. Green island 267. Grenville Sir Richard 287. Grimstone 291. H. Hadlcy 108. Haliftt fort 214. HttU Cap. Nathaniel 166, 158, 170, Hammond William, killed 33. [171. Hancamagus 186. Hanno xv. Harman Cap. 326, 328, 329, 330. Harradon Cap. John 256, 281. Harrison Gen. 346, 347, 360. Harris' Hist. Dorchester 178. Hatch Cap. 206. Hatfield 56. Havens Jack 86, 90. Hawkins 186, 187, 188. 194. Hawthorne John 161, 196, 221. 238. 239,241,242. Hazelton Charles 22. Henchman, Cap. 47, 52, 53. Hill Cap. 284. Hilton Maj. Winfhrop, killed 267, 263, 270, 273, 274, 279, 281, 284. Hinkley Gov. Thomas 20, 163, 155, 160, 180, isa Holmes' Amer. Annals xii, 21, 34, 49, 54, 55, 69, 70, 96, 108, 135, 160, 162, 163, 177, 207, 270, 276, 287,289,290,294,298. Honey wol Lieut. 203,236. Hook Francis 206. Hopkins Gen. 347. Hopkins Mr. Stephen 94, 297. Howlaod Isaac 89, 90,J91, 114. Rowland Jabez 88, 89, 114, 118, 127. 131, 143. Rowland John 89, 114, 297. Hoyt's Researches 55, 68, 364. Hubbard's Narrative xiv, 20, 21, 22, 27, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 36, 37, 39, 43, 47, 49, 52, 64, 66, 66, 67, 63, 69, 73, 91, 106, 109, 110, 112, 114, 117, 118, 124, 126, 184, 139, 142, 144, 146, 148, 149, 166, 196, 201, 209, 228, 303, 309, 311, 314, 330. Hubbard Rev. Wm. xiv. Huckings Mrs. 187, 188. ' Hudibras 24. \ Hunt Cap. 283, 289, 301. Hunter Cap. 49. Hutchinson Maj. 201. Hutchinson Cap. 36, 68. Hutchinson's History Jii. xiii, xiv, '20, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, S-t, 36. 37, 48. 00, 68, 68, 74, 96, 103, 120, 133, 184, 135, 146, 146, 16«, 163, 177, 179, 220, 221, 228, 230, 288, 241, 266, 266, 277, 278, 284, 285, 290, 296, 328. Hyrcuiia xv, 864. ■■ ' iii nn aw j ui jM i n m ' i Pinii^ w mw i niMt ' .. rt A ' tf f^ . ^-.■xrw-st m K 358 INDEX. I. Iberville 219, 220. Ingertol Lieut. 814. Indian bridge 386, 887. Indians, number of in 1676, 20. Irish Mrs. xv. Iroquois 224. J. Jaques Lieut. 829. Jarvis Cap. 271. Jefleries 150. Johnson Cap killed 58.- Jones Cap. 296. K. Keekamuit 34. Kennebeck 171. Keyes Solomon, wounded 833. Kickapoos 346. Kimball Thomas, killed 816. King Cap. 206. [xiii. King, no such dignity among Indians Kirk Sir David 160. L. Lafaurc 161, 268, 264. Lake 41. Lake Cap., kUKd 168. L)unb Can. Josh'ia 262, 281. Lancaster 64, 260. Larking Cap. 286. Lateril Mr. 286. Lathrop Cap. Joseph 200. Lathrop Cap., killed 64. Lathrop John 181. Lee Abraham, killed 163. Lee Mrs. 163, 164. Lee Rev. Samuel xii, 199. Leister Edward 297. [152. Leverett Gov. John 62, dies 145, Lightfoot Cap. 100, 104, '6, 111, 167. Littlecyes 25, taken 99, 104. LittleBeld Cap. John 200, 203. Lovewell Cap. John 380 to 336. M. Magnus Queen 108, 108. Makin Thomas zvi, 148, 316. Manhattans 803. Monsell Sir Robert 220. Malagash 827. Maquas224. ^ Maquoit 189, 206. U March Cap. 206, 286> Margeaon Edmund 2B6, 207. Marlborough 64, 66 MarihaU Cop., killed 68. Martin Mr. Chriatepber 2B7. Martyn Richard 206. Mason Cap. John 806, 807, 808. Mason Samuel 160. [801, 840. Massassoit xiii, 18,94, 110, 138, 184, Mather's Mngnalia xii, xiv, 20^ HZ, 26, 47, 50,65, 126, 146, 16»v 170, 171, 176,177, 179, 184, 187, 189, 191, 192, 202, 206, 207, 210,213, 220, 240, 241, 316, 317, 339, 341 Mallapoiset 32, 106. Mattatoag 104. Maxfield Mr 179. Mayflower, a ship 294. Mayr point 191. Medfield 64. Menis 281, taken 274. Menival Gov. 278. Merrymeetin^ bay 825. Metacomet xiii. Middleborougii 61, 66, 93. Miles Rev. John 31, 32. Minot's Hiat. 214. Mogg, killed 380. Mohawks 64, 68, 142, 224. Mohegans 17. Mouhcgon 222. Monogenest 233. Mooanam 184. Monopoide 107. Montinicus 161, 266. Montreal 224, 820. Morse and Parish's Hist. Neweng- land 124,339,340. Morse's Annals 31, 124, 126, 188. Morton's Memorial xiii, 28, 27, 28, 80, 89, 133, 134, 154, 249, 261, 289, 295, 296, 298, 299, 801. Morton Thomas 23, 24. Mosely Cap. Samuel 66, 67. Mossipee 184, 288. Moulton Cop. 326, 328, 329, 330. Mounthope 22. MuUins Mr. WilUam 297. Munponset 94, 95. Myrick Cap. Isaac 252, 264, 281. N. Nam8keket299. [108. Nanunttenoo, taken 107, put to death Narragansets xiii, 17, 18, number of in 1676, 20, 36, 64. Naskeag 236, 252. Nathaniel 129. 130. 131. Nauset 299. Neff Miss Mary 316. 316, 317. Nemasket 96. Netops 67, 91. Newengland gift 284. 1 ud 206. John a06, 307, ang. il 160. [801, 340. 11.18,94,110,133,184, ignalia xii, xiv, 20^ 2K, 65, 126, 145, 16»v 170, n, 179, 184, 187, 189, 02, 206, 207, 210, 213, 41, 315, 317, 339, 341 2, 106. 1. 179. ■hip 294. 91. iken 274. .278. I bay 82S. lii. ;ii 51, 6S, 93. ohn 31, 32. 214. 330. , 68, 142, 224. a. 233. 1. n. 61,255. i,32D. 'arish's Hist. Newenc- 139.340. alt 81, 124, 126, 138. imorial ziii. 28, 27, 28, 13, 134, 154, 249, 251. 96. 298, 299, 301. nas 23, 24. Samuel 66, 57. 1,283. •.326,328,329,330. 2. WilUam 297. )4, 96. Iiaac 252, 264, 281. N. 99. [108. , taken 107, put to death I xiii, 17, 18, number of ), 36, 64. ,262. 0, 130, 131. try 816, 316, 317. I. 1. «ift2S4. INDEX. 359 111. Newichwannock 313. Nicholson Col. 186, 270, 317. Nihantick 307. Ninigret 104, 108. Nipmucks S3, 66, 69. Nipnet 91. Nomquid 86. Norridgwock 237, 329. Northfield 64. Norton Cap., killed 303, 304. Nunnaquahquat 39. Nunnuit Peter 27, 67. o. Oldham Mr. John, killed 303, 304,'6. Omena 20, 126. Oiamekin 340. Otis James xii. Owens Col., killed 347. P. Paine Lieut. John 228. Paasammaquoddy 236. Patuxet 62. Paugus, killed 334. Pawcatuck river 307. Peasfield battle 37 to 46. Pejepscot 179, 184. 190, 206. Pemmaquid 209, 210, 219. Penn Gov. John 348. Penn Gov. William 342. Penhallow's Hist, vii, 184, 185. 203, 266. 257, 268. 28S. 260. 261, 275.1 Rogers Thos. 297 277, 284, 824, 326, 330, 332, 333. Rouville 821. 322. Pennacook 161. 186. Rowlandson Mrs. 103. Peperel Mr. 264. Russel's garrison 51. Pequots 17, war with 302, ~ Perpodack 192. Peter57,77,84, 88, 124. Philip King ziii, origin of hU name 18, killed 128. Philips Gov. 826. Phillips' garrison 311. Phips Sir Wm. 162, 164. 163. 176, 177. 207. 208. 212, 214, 216, 234, 278, 339. Pierce Cap. 64. killed 72. Pigwocket 161, 881. Pike Mai. Robert 182, 188, 184, 203. Pitkin Wm. 160. Plaiated Lieut. 208. Plaisted Roger 196, killed 8ia Plumcr Col. Daniel 257. Pluraer Gov. Wm. 208. Plymouth 17. 66. « PocasMt 19. 27. Pokanoket ziu, 18, 22, 29. Popbam Sir John 171. Poppasquash 127. 129. Potock 63. .< Prentice Cap. Thomas 32, 56, 00. Prince Gov. 18. 339. Prince's Chronology vii, xiii, 24, 94, 136, 289, 294, §96., Pring Martin 288. Proud's Hist, xvi, 148, 342, 346. Providence 64. Pumham, killed 66, 63, 104. Punkatees battle 37 to 46. Purchase Mr. 300. a. Quabaog 53, IIS. Quadequinah 110. Quaucut 89. Quebeck 177. 234. Qunnapin 103. 104. R. Ralegh Sir Walter 287. 293. Ralle Sebastian 326. 329, killed 330 Ramsdel Joseph 194. Rehoboth 36. 64. Ridgdale John 296. 297. Robertson's Hist. Amer. xv. 306. Robins Lieut., killed 884. Robinson Mr. . killed 312. Robinson John 326. 327. Robinson Rev. John 290. Rogers Cap. Geo. 266, 267, 281 i s. Sabatis 337, killed 888. Sabin 87. Sacbueeset 85. Sagadahock 171,201. Samoset 301. Sandford Mai. 102, 120,121. SassBcus, killed 808. Sassamon 19, 21, 27. Savage Ensign 34. Savage M^. 35, 86. Seattacook 68, 820. Schenactada 318. Schuyler Maj. 819, 821. ^situate 66. Sconticut 104. Scottaway Cap. 172, 178, 176. Shanelere, killed 285. Sharkee Mens. 200, '7, '9, VH. Sharp Lieut., killed 7D. Shawomet 66. r.!''Aaja^iis>«aa9t<»t»AVSijdu.aa»«K»- «l^ 3G0 INDEX Sherburn Cap. 206. Siely Cap., killed 58. « Siene, a ahip 271. , Si*necto 2%, 282. Sip^ican 89, 106, 148. Siznations 68, 320. Skakit 299. Smallpoi 178, 195. Smith Cap. John 222, 288, SOI. Smith Cap. Thos. 256, '7,281. Smith Maj. 56, 62. [224, 819 Smith's Hist. Newyork xiii, 68, 180, Smithson Cap. 228. Snow's Hist. Boston 145, 178. Sogkonate ix, 19. Soekonesset 74. Soule George 297. [281,327. Southack Cap. Cyprian 238, 256. Southworth Nath. 89, 170, 192, 193. Speedwell, a ship 294. Squakeag 54. Squando 909. Squannaconk 124, 132, 136. Squanto 301. Standish Cap. 134, 297. Stone Cap. 303, 304. Stoughton Gov. Wm. 216. Subereaae Gov. 276. Sudbury 66, 69, 70. Sullivan's Hist. Maine 160, 163, 164, '6, '9, 171, '6, "9, 180, "I, '9, 190, '1, '2, 214, 222, '3, '6, 236,'7,311 T. Taconnet 214, 828. Talcot Maj. 108, 117, '8. Tecumseh 346, 360, '1, killed 352. Tilley Edward 296, 297. Tilley Johi. 296, 297. Tinker Thomas 297. Tippecanoe battle 347. [death 146. Tispaquin 96, 115, 142, '4, put to Tocksmona 111. TotoBon 116, '16, '18, '19. •Treat Mai. Robert 64, 64. Trumbull's Hist. U. S. xiii, 20, 29, 60,6^141,319,320,380. TrumbJn's Hist. Con. 29, 37, 38, 50, '6, 62, 63, 73, 103, '8, 126, 200, Tuisset 839. [303,'7. Turner Cap. 68, % 805. Turner John 297. Tyaska 106, 124. U. Umpame 38. Uncas, killed 806. UnderhUl Cap. 805. 807. ^^ LBAp'?9 Vaughan Maj. 208, 20o. Vaudrcuil Gov. 269, 285, 321,328. Villeau Cap. 239. Villebon 192, 231, >4, '5, 241. Virginia, ancient limits of 298, 294. w. Wachuset 69, 80. Wadsworth Cap., killed 70. Waldron Maj. 161, killed 162. Wallaston Cap. 24. Walley John 160, 177, 207, 215. Walton Cap. 184, '6, 208, '6, '24. Wamesit 64. Wampanoags xiii, 48. Wampom, value of 141, '2. Wamsutta 134. Warren Mr. Richard 297. Warwick 66, 63, 64. Weetamore 27, 32,47,'8, 50, '7, lOa Wepoiset 87. Wequash 307. Wessagusaet 24. - Weymouth 64. Wheelwright Esq. John 200, '3. White Mr. Wm. 297. Wilcox Daniel 17. Willard Cap. Simon 156, 158. Willard Maj. 54. Williams Cap. 122. Williams' Hist. Vermont 321, '3. Williamson Cap. Caleb 252, 281. Williamson's Hist. N. Car. 68. Williams Rev. John 284, 321, '3. Williams Rev. Roger 28, 68. W illiams Thomas 297. Wincol John 206, 314- Winepang 326. Winnipissaukee 325. Winslow Gilbert 297. Winslow Hon. Josiah 26, 30, 52, 56, 56, 64, 93, 147. Winslow Josiah 328. Winslow Mr. Edward 26, 94,133, 184, 147, 297, 302, 340. Winthrop Gov. John 52. Winthiop's Hist. Neweng. 24, 91, 96, 104, 145, 203, 803, 341. Wisememet, killed 830. Witchcraft 156, 196, 216, 238, 241, Woosamequin 183, 134. Worumbos 186, 187, '9 "94. Wyroan Seth 832, '4. Y. York Joseph 228. 226. aj. a03, 20o. ior. 269,286, 821,323. .239. !, 231, '4, '6, 241. cient limits of 293, 294. w. a go Cap.i killed 70. aj. 161, killed 162. ;ap. 24. n 160, 177, 207, 216. .. 184, '6, 208, '6, 24. [8 xiii, 48. alue of 141. '2. 34. . Richard 297. \, 63, 64. 27, 32,47,'8,50, '7,103. r. 17. t24. - 64. t Esq. John 200, '3. Wm. 297. iel 17. I. Simon 166, 168. j. 64. .p. 122. list. Vermont 321, '3. Cap. Caleb 252, 281. 'b Hist. N. Car. 68. ev. John 284, 821, '3. ev. Roger 28, 68. 'homas 297. . R 206, ZU. (26. ikee 326. ilbert 297. [on. Josiah 26, 30,52, I, 93, 147. liah 328. (r. Edward 26,94,133, 297, 302, 340. rov. John 52. Hist. Neweng. 24, 91, 146, 203, 803, 341. , killed 830. 156, 196, 216, 288, 241, lin 183, 134. 186, 187, '9 '94. th 832, >4. Y. a 223.226, 1 •r