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-1 2 3
6
MACMILLAN'S
PKOGEESSIVE FKENCH COUKSE
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MACMILLANS £xci
PROGRESSIVE FRENCH COURSE
/
'fv
I.— FIRST YEAR
CONTAINING EASY LESSONS ON REGULAH
ACCIDENCE
BY
G. BUGlfeNE-FASNACHT .
FOBMERLT ASBII^TANT-UABTEB IN WESTHH^STEB SCHOOL
EDITOR OF MACMILLAN's ' rORBION SCHOOL CLASSICS,' ACTHOR OF MACMILLAN'S
'progressive GERMAN COURSE'
/
l.on)ion
■i
MACMILLAN AND CO., Ltd.
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/'
(
J^ a Ufa I, ia.5).
i
J. & W^. MAbKlJNLAT
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/
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1896
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AU righU rtnrved ^
m . , \ *
CONTENTS
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
I.
8.
.S4
The Alphabet. (
Lesson (iV./?.— The lessons correspond to the pages.)
1. Simple Vowels. — Masculine and Feminine Gender of Nonps ;
Definite Article : — le, la.
Accented Vowels.— Deiinite Article— 1', instead of le, la.
Diphthongs.— JDemonstrative Adjectives— ce, cet, cette.
Nasal Sounds.— Indefinite Article— un, une.
Mute Final Consonants. 7- • .
Present of avoir, affirmative and interrogative.
Plural of Article, Nouns, and Demonstrative Adjectives ;
Agreement of Adjectives.
Possessive Adjectives, singular and plural,
Ci 5. e,i, a (Pkonunciation of). — ' .«f
Present of dtre ; affirmative and interrogative.
9. ti(PRONUNCiATiONOF).— Present of avoir, negatively;
Use of Definite Article.
10. Liquid Consonants.— ill, 11, em— Presci^|^tre, negatively.
11. Interrogative Construction when the SubjSp a Noun.
12. Feminine of Adjectives ; Place of AdjectivS'
Conjugation of avoir and 6tre:— \
13. Imperfect.
14. Preterite ; Imperfect and Preterite compared.
15. Future Present. «
Conditional Present ; Idiomatip Uses of avoir. ' '
' Present Perfect
Pluperfect.
Future Perfect
^
Compound Tenses :
Thnperatf
Conditional Perfect
22. Numerala~{a) Cardinal ; 1 to 69.
23. fO tp 1,000,000.
24" (6) Ordinal ; Months of the Year.
^>
VI
CONTENTS
,<
LeRflon , '
25. Plural of auhstantives and Adjectives (cont. froiii Lesson 6).
26. Principal Proiiositions— de, A, dans^en ; '
with Nauios of Towns and Countries.
Use of de and A : —
■ Contraction of de with le, le8=!\lu, deS.
>• ,. ' ^ with le, lp8=au, aux.
^ouns used in a Pa?<t^tye 5'e«sc— du, de la, de r, des.
Adverbs of /Quantity— beaucoup,peu, plus, etc.
Comparison of Adjectives!
ZQ.^ Regular Verbs— {a) Ist Conjugation : Principal Parts ; Present
Indicative! afRrmative wid interiogativo. •
Imperative, Imi)erfoct, and Preterite.
Future and Condftioual Present.
, Present Perfect and Pluperfect. • .
Future Perfect and Conditional Perfect.
Possessive Pronouns.
39. PersonnZ Pronouns— (a) Conjunctive.
40., _ Conjunctive (continued) : their place in Compound Tenses.
41. • 1[6) Disjunctive ; useofchez.
42. Use of en. .
43. • Use of y.
44. Demomirative Pronouns (compared witIfcI?emonstrative Adjectives
in Lessons 3 and 6). '* jl, '
Relative Pronouns— (a) referring to Perwns.
{b) referring to Things. , , ._
Regular Ferbs(contin\ied)— "
(6) 2d Conjugation.
2d Conj. (continued), and Recapitulation oT 1st Conju^mtion
^. (c) 3d Conjugation. . ' . °
^"- Adjectives with three endinga
{d) 4th Conjugation.
52. Recapitulation of all Four Conjugations. - -
27
28
29,
30,
81,
32,
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
. Vc
Aii
^
No
45.
46.
47.
48.
<^
51
Ad
Pr(
Ve
Formation of Tenses
Tables of Conjugation : avoir
6tre
—^ — Fif^^njngation (-er) ^
Secpnd ConjUgatipn (-ir) .
Third Conjugation (-oir) .
Fourth Conjugation (-re) .
Page
53
54
55
56
58
60
62
^ Adi
Pkj
\
CONTENTS
VU
Page
53
54
65
56
58
60
62
^
■V-
Vocaluilaiiea : Fieudt-EfrgliMh .
,1^ ' Euglinh-Freuch .
' ' ' . '
I
Page
64
74
NouNB :—
4V-
- SYNOPtlC T^BLE^ THE PAR'i'S^F SPEECH.
AuTlCLE:— ? i>c/»uVc, singular, .1, 2; plural, 6. » -
Used with Abstract Nouns and Names 6f Countries,
9, 10. ,
Contracted with de, 28 ; witii (^, 29.
indefinite, 4, 27; Partitive, 30, 31. ""-
in. and f. singular, 1 ; plural, 6, 25.
Abstract Nouns and Names of Countries, 9, 10.
Possessive Case, 27, 28.
Indirect Objective Case, 29. _:?',« '
Used partitively, 30, 31. ., '">
Adjective*-,— Demmislxative singular, "S ; plural, 6, 25 ; Agreo-
^ ,. ' ment, 6. '
' Tossessive, 7, 38, . ' ""
■' ' -^ilifying, tern. 12, 13, 50; plural^ 12, 13; Cohi-
i, parison, 32. « ^^
Numeral: (a) Canlinal, 22, 23 ; (6) Ordinal, 24. ''
Possessive, 37 ; Persoiml, 39-43.
DcmoTistrative, /ti ; Relative, 45, 46.
Avplr— Present, 6; negative, 9.
^tre— Preaent, 8 ; negative, 10..
Avoir and Etre — Interrogative, 11.
J[mperfect, 13 ; Preterite, 14.
Puftire present, 15 ; Conditional j^esent, 16.
First Regular Conjugation, 33-37.
Second Conjugation, 47, 48., > ' "'
3%ird Conjugation, 49, 50.
Fourth Conjugation, 51. , - ''
Recapitulation, 52.
of Quantity, 31. ,>
PiiEPOsiTioNs :— de, A, en, daais. 26-28. j
^ Contracted wi'th Definite Article, 28-30.
^ -Af ter adverb^ itf-quautity, 31.- - .- '.-!i-' J!^ ._
Pronouns
Verbs .• —
' Adverbs : —
/
4{
«■-••■,
THE ALPHABET.
. -f
A
B
'c
D
E
F
G
(Tlie Numbers refer to the LessouA)
Name. Sound.
S. '... like a in ^;rt/m (1).
bay] as in English.
say as in English (8).
tlay.. as in English. ,
ay as ay in day (I, 2).
f — as in English,
zhay hard, or like s in leisure (8, 1 Oj.
H ^ ash silent, or slightly aspirate, but
«■' not guttural.
I ee like ce in sg« (1,~2).
J zhee like s in leisure (8).
K cah as in English.
L 1 as in English (10).
M' m as iij English.
N n as in English.
o .; asin Ilnglish (I, 2).
P pay as in English.
Q ••.•• ku (see u) ... as in English.
R :........ airr as in English, but much sharjMir.
S s as in English (8).
T tay... as in English (19).
U m- u no similar sound in English.
V-" .,..,.... vay as in English.
^^ •.■ • double vay . . . like i;, only in words of foreign
origin and Proper Names.
X ....',.... eeks as in English.
Y • eegrck like.ee in deep.
z .T. as in Englisli.
.Li,
■.'■A.k i* ,ft. ,#».
feS'^..
Oj.
ut
per.
wfetv. ' y^i .
?^-.- «,
^
N.B. — In tha Exercises —
Words in parenthesis ( ) are to be inserted in the translation.
Words in a square bracket [ ] clk to be left out in the translation.
Masculine Nouns.
1st Lesson. Premiere Le9oflSf
Sivri/ple Vowels : — a^ e, i, o, u.
r\ I
X\ 0..
le lac
le sel
lefil
le roc
le mur
the lake,
the salt,
the thread,
the rock,
the wall.
11 he (or, it).
11 est (pron. = ay) he is (or, it is).
11 a (pron. = ah) he has (or, it has).
qui ? {u mute) who f whom f
quia? who has!
qui est ? who is t
oil (pron. = oo) where f
la dame*
la table
la ville
la porte
la plume
elle
elle est
elle a
Feminine NounSi
the lady.
the table.
the town, city.
the door.
the pen, feather,
she (or, it),
she is (or, it is),
she has (or, it has).
vu
et (pron. = ay)
BUT (prepi )
ici (adv.)
seen,
and".
upon, on.
here.
e (e mute) at the end of a word of mbre than one syllable is mute,
or nearly mute.
Rule 1, — There is no Neuter Gender in French ; there-
fore all French Nouns, even those which indicate things &f no sex,
must be either Masculine or Feminine in grender :
'le before a Noun singular which is masculine
in French. v
la before a Noun singular which \s feminine
in French.
The French for the is
A. 1. Qui a le sel ?— II a le sel. 2. Et qui a le fil ?— Elle
a le fil. 3. Qui a vu la ville ? — La dame a vu la ville. 4. Qui
a la plume 1 — Elle a la plume. 6. Oil est le mur 1 — 11 est sur
le roc. 6. Et oil est la plume ? — Elle est sur la table.
B. 1. Who has the table ? — He has the table. 2. Who him
seen the wall?— He has seen the wall. 3. Where is the salt?
— The salt is on the table. 4. And where is the thread 1 — It
is on the wall. 5, Who has seen the door ? — The lady has seen
the door. 6. Who is on the wall ? — He is on the wall.
.^A -.-.t.
h
t
ACCENTED VOWELS— APOSTROPHE
2d Lesson. Deuxieme Le9on.
(1) A has a long, close sound (= ah) :^
l'ane*(ffi.) the ass, donkey. l'Ame*(/.) the sout.
(2) ^ (e ferm^) has a short, close sound :—
^^^^*^x *^'"^-, ParW spokm.
apport^ brought {carried). ferm^ closed, shut
(3) 6, 6 (e ouvert), have a long, open sound :—
Y^^r f^>^?r lafenfitre tliewirulaw.
Iam6re the mother. la tSte ^Ae Aeorf.
^ s6v6re severe; siWc<. r^l6ve(m.or/.) ^Aejra/nY.
^ --^'^ Ohs. V.—tA -and ei have the sound of d :—
lemaltre theinwiter. la retne the queen. '
Ohs. 2.— e before r or 1 in words of one syllable = 6 •—
lefer ^Ae iron. le mlel thehmey.
(4) 1, 6, li, have a long sound :—
^•neJ/.)iAeis;a«^ le trdne ihethrme. mvlr n>e, ,na/tire.
, * ^^j-^ i.— Before words which begin with a ' vowel ' or ' silent
n, le and la rfrop their vowel and take an apostrophe instead:—
k<l le {m.) fete, the sicmmcr,
I'hdtel, mansion, hotel,
if.) rile, the island,
•: , I'habitude, the habit,
14 (adv.) there.
4 (prep.) to, at, in.
fiddle faUhful.
instead of \e ^ie.
„ le h6teL
» la ile.
,, la habitude.
I'herbe (pron, = l^rb)/. the grass.
I'hlver (nron. = liver) mthc vjinUr.
trds (s silent) wry.
A. 1. Ou est le ^re ?-Le p^re est li. 2. Qui est 8dv6re ?
— Le mattre est s^vfere.— 3. Qui a ferm^ la fengti^ ?— La mire
afermd lafenetre 4. Qui a parl^ ?_L'dleve a parld. 5. Qui
a vu 1 herbe ?-L fine a vu I'herbe. 6. Qui a p^d Ua reine ?
^ril^"^ * P*^^^ ^ la reine. 7. Qui a vu I'ile ?— L'^l^ve a
?■ ^" Y^^,^^ ^^"^ *^^ master?— The pupil has seen the
master 2. The Queen is on the throne. 3". Where is the
St 1" ^^'^- ^- And where is the mother ?-She ia
Jgg^fi ^, The ro as t er haa opokcn to ilie p up il. ^ 6r-mi6^m-
shut the door ?— The lady has shut the door 7. The com is
ripe 8. He has brought the salt 9. Who is there ?— The
master is there. 4
/o!Kh)£(??.
LL
-■^
OIPHTHONGS—DEMONSTRA T. ADjkcT.
^«-t
3d Lesson. Troisieme Le^on.
(1) au, eau, have the sound of d : —
lafaute the fault, mistake. I'eauj^.)
l'«4^tr^, {m. and/. ) the other. aussf (adv. )
(2) al, Mf llf^ve the sound of 6 (see 2d Lesson)^^::^
the toater.
also, too.
le vaisseau the ship, vessel. fai/(partic. perf.) viade:
la. peine A C^-^Hhe pain, trovble. n^is (conj. ) but.
done.
the nephew.
|(3) eu (oBu), has the sound of i in sir : — /
lascBur the sister. le neveu
1^4) ou has the sound of u in nfde : —
la tour the tower. ];)our (prep.) ' ' fw
le couteau the knife. trouv6 (partici perf. ) fmmd.
oi (no such sound in English) = au^A.
la poire the pear. void here is, here are.
le roi the king. voll4 there is, there are.
lULE 3.— r/tc French for 'this,' before -a Noun, is :—
(l| ce before masculine Nouns and Adjectives which begin with
'"'"^"runvt : —
leroi the king. ce roi. .this king.
(2)%5et before masculine Nouns and Adjectives which becin with
a vowe\oT silent h : —
I'ami thefriend. cets^mi thisfriend.
lliomme the man. cet./homme this man.
(3) c4tte before all feminine Nouns : —
limer th^ sea. cette mer this sea.
rjaau ^ the water. cette^eau this water.
A. 1. bui a fait cette faute l—L'Jlh\e a fait cette faute, 2.
Oil est le Vaisseau ? — Le vaisseau. est sur cette mer. 3. Et oix
est r^autrdvaisseau ? — L'^autre vaisseau est sur ce lac. 4. Qui
a parld k Ik sceur ?— Cet^ami a parl4 k la soeur. 5. Oil est la
tour ?— VoiM la tour. 6. Qui a apport4 cette^eau ?— L' homme
a apport6 ceflte. eau. " *^
B. 1. Wbi h^ seen this ship ?— This man has seen this ship.
2. Who has eitoix the mistake ?— The sister has seen the mistake.
- 3 ^„Who ia t i hiAmftn ? Thia man is the mao twr-^ T he ntp hei
has brought th^ water. 6. Here is the ifll«iid.and there is the
l^e. 6. The niu; has seen this tower.
fuL 8. This kitife is for this man.
Here is the watei
he friend is faith
9. Wbere is the water
10. Who has the other pen ? '
titjL\.
.'^Sh ■
NASAL SOUNp^ — INDEFINITE ARTICLE
/ >lth Lesson. Quatrieme Le90ii.
(1-) 9fa., ant, ans ; en, ent, em, have exactly the same nasal spund : —
la plante tlie plant, vendu (part. peif. ) solcl.
I'enfant (m. and/. ) the child, le temps ( mps = n nasal ) time ; weath er.
dans (used with article or pron. ) ) . . .
en (used ivithout article or pron.) \ ^"' """•
(2) ain, in, ein, im, aim, have exactly the same n,asal sound :—
le pain the bread. impossiblet. impossible.
le pin the pine-tree. incorrect incorrect.
la faim the hunger. bien (adv. ) well [vei-y, much).
la fln the end. plein full.
Obs. — in-, or im- / luisal before a consonant: infidele, important,
inn or imm- \ not iiasal before a vowel : inutile, immobile.
(3) on, ^ntjr ong, cm, have exactly the same nasal sound : —
'bon(m.) \„„w I'oncle , the uncle.
bonne (/.) not n^sal/^"""- long (adj.)./. longue long.
non (adv.), no, and nom (?«.), navie, are sounded exactly alike.
(4) vm, um, have the same nasal sound : —
un («i.) (numeral, one), and indef. art. a, an ;
(but une (/.), not nasal, = u-n').
lundi(/;i. ) Monday. j le parfum the perfume.^ „
Rule 4. — The French for the English ' a, tin ; one,' is : —
(1) tm before all maeculine Nouns : —
le nom the name, ce nom this name. un nom a (one) name.
I'wan the year. cet^an this year. un^-an ,a {o7ie) year.
(2) une before all- feminine Nouns : —
la main the hand, cette ma^n this hand une main a (one) hand.
r^ecole the school. cettes./^ble this school une^cole a{(me)school.
Quel ? which f what 1 de (before a vowel or silent h d'), of; from.
A. 1. Qui est bon ? — Un^ami est bon. 2. Voici un^enfant
et un^^lfeve. 3. Qui a vendu cette plume ? — L'^leve. 4^ Qui a
fermd cette porte ? — Alice, elle^a aussi fenu4 la fenetre. 6.
Quel^est le nom de cette plante ? 6. Qui a apport^ ce pain ? —
L'oncle^a apport^ ce pain. 7. Oil est recole ? — L'^cole est
dans^une ville. 8. L'enfant a une mere.
B. 1. Whepe is the child ? — The child is in the water. 2.
"Wh o has sol d thi a ship ? — The king haa s old this ship. 3. Hg_
Tias seen the haml of the child. 4. This child has a friend. 5.
She has sold this plant. 6. Where is the end of this book ?—
Here is the end of this book. 7. Who has seen the school ? —
The pupU has seen the school
-lij:
-A
PRESENT ,TENSE OF A VOIR — END CONSONANTS 5
5th Lesson. , Cinquieme Le9on.
INFINITIVE FORM: avoir, to have.
1.
2.
3.
Affirmative.
J'ai*
tuas
- elle^a
on^a
PRESENT TENSE.
/ have. Ai-je ?
thou hast. as-tiM ?
he has. a-t-il ! t
she has. a-t-elle ?+
o7ie has. a-t-on ?t
Interrogative.
Ifave I?
hast thou f
has he?
has she f
has 6ne f ^
1.
2.
3.
nons^.^von8
vous^^vez
ilsuont
elleswOnt
we have,
you have,
they {m.) have,
they (/.) have.
avons-nous ?
avez-vous ?
ont-wils ?
ont-welles ?
have we f
have you f
have they (m. ) ?
have they (J. ) ?
* Je, /, before a Verb beginning with a votoel or silent h, drops the e,
and takes an apostrophe instead.
t A t is inserted here to prevent the harsh sound of two vowels coming
together.
Obs.'l.—U the Subject of a "Verb is a Noun, the Verb is, of course, ,
put in the 3d person : —
Charles a vu le loup. Charles has seen the wolf.
Fritz et Jean ont vu le loup. Fred and John have seen the wolf.
le pied {d mute) the foot. la voix {x mute) the voice.
le doiert (gr^ mute) the finger. petit (< mujte) small, little.
le loup (p mute) the wolf. entendu (partic.) /tcard.
le nez (2 mute) the nose. bu (partic.) drunk.
dix (x here mute) ten.
Obs. 2.— The end consonants, b, d, g, t, p, s, x, and z, are generally
mute, unless followed by a word beginning with a vowel or silent h, in
which case the end consonants are sounded with the initial v6wel (or
the vowel after the silent h) of the next word : —
Iron is useful. Le fer^estwutile. The men have Leswhommeswontw
honoured. honor^.
Pronounce : — Leferetutil. Lezomzontonord.
A. 1. As-tu entendu cette voix ? — Oui, j'ai entendu cette
voix. 2. A-t-il trouve I'^cole ? — Non, inais^il a trouv^ la tour.
3. Qui a parl^ k la reine 1 — Le roi a parl^ k la reine. 4. Avea-
vous vu le loup ? — Oui, nous^avons vu le loup. 5. Ont-ils
trouv^ Toncle ? — Oui, ils^ont tk)uv6 roncle. 6. J'ai dix doigts.
7. Le pied de I'enfant; est petit. 8. Le nez de cet homme
est long.
B. J . Hav e yoa heard tiufr child ? — Jf% bat^t have h e ard
this man. 2. Have they drunk the water ? — Yes, they have
drunk the water. 3. The name of the friend is long. 4. The
child has ten fingers. 5. Has she seen this child ? 6. That
man is a friend. 7. Have they found the pupil \
6 PLURAL OF ARTICLE, NOUNS, &> DF.MONSTRAT. ADJ.
.1
0th Lesson. Sixiexne Legon.
HuLE h.-^-Mod French Nouns and Adjectives take an 8 in the
plural, except those ending in a hissing consonant (s, x, z), which
remain unchanged :- — '
Singular.
le libraire
rltalien
la fleur
rorange(/.)
ce pays
CQtwAllemand
cette noix
Plural.
the bookseller,
the Italian,
the Jlower.
tlie orangei
this country,
this German,
this walnut.
les libraires
leswltaliens
les fleurs
le8vX)raDgcs
ces pays
ces^Alleman ds
ces neix
tJie booksellers,
the Italians,
the fiowers.
the oranges.
these countries,
these Germans,
these walnuts.
Rule 6. — Adjectives agree in gender and number with the'
Noun or Pronoun they qualify ;—
Sing. Ce jeune^colier esK^pplique. This young scholar is diligent.
/^^MnCesjeunesv^colierssouU^ppliques. These young scholars are diligent.
le devoir the duty, task, lesson. I'anere (m. ) the angel.
le crayon the lead pencil. ; le lait (< mute) the milk.
le bois (s mute) the wood, forest.
le livre the book.
Tor (m. ) gold.
chants (partie. ) sung.
A. 1. De qui ont-ils parlc ? — Ils^oirt parle de ces^Italiens.
2. Qui a apport^ ces livres ? — Les lihraires^ont^apporte ces
livres^et ces crayons. 3. Avez-vous vendu ces noix ? — Oui,
nous^avons vendu ces noix. 4. As-tu fait ces devoirs ? — Oui,
j'ai fait ces devoirs. 5. Ont-ils vu ces pays ? — Oui, ils ont vu
ces pays. 6. Ces^Anglais^ont vu les lacs. 7. Qui a chahte ? — '
Ces^Allemands^ont chants. 8. Les^enfants^ont bu le kit.
B. 1. Who has brought , these books ? — These young pupils
have brought these books. 2. Have you heard these voices 1
Yes, we have heard these voices. 3. The Italians have seen the
lakes. 4. These young Germans have brought the flowers and
the tialnuts. 5. These booksellers have the books and the pens.
6. Have you seen these long walls ?
C. Charade: —
Mon premier ^ est^un in<5tal prdcieux i
V
Won second ^ un Jiabitant ' des cieux ' ;
Mon^entier ^ est^un fruit d<51icieux.
1 my first (here, niy first syllable) ; ' my second {syllable) ; » inhabit-
ant, inmate; * of heavens; ^ my whole {word).
^I^kl:.
44-
POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES
jfc-,
«■{!?
7th Lesson. Septieme Legon.
cousin the cousin, ce cotisi'n this cousin, mon cousjn my ccnisin.
wor the gold. cetu>r this gold, xnonwor my gold.
la inaison the house, cette maison this house, ma maison m,y house.
I'wheure the hour. cett|e.^heure this hour, jnonwheure* myho^ir.
Singular.
Masculine.
1. mon cousin,
2. ton voisiu,
8. son fr^re,
1. notre^ncle,
2. votre pfere,
3. leurv.Ami,
«
Feminine.
\'
Plural.
Masculine and Feminine
mes cousins (cousine^.
tes voisins (voisines).
868 fr^res (sceurs).
noswoncles (tantes).
V08 p^res (mferes).
leursv^mis (amies).
ma cousine, m,y.
ta voisine, thy.
ea soeur, his, Tier, its.
notre tante, our.
votre iu6re, your.
leurwamie, their.
Obs. — (1) Mon, ton, son are used instead of ma, ta, sa, hefore
feminine nouns which begin vnth a vowel or silent h : — monw&nie ; ton^
habitude; sonwile: (2) In the Plural, themasc. and/em. are«the same.
N.B.—To illustrate the rule given, the Noun must be feininlue.
Rule 7. — Possessive Adjectives agree in srender and
nximber with the Noun which they qualify (see Bute 6). Observe
especially the wcrhing of this rule in the third person singular : —
In'EasUah the Possessive Adj. agrees In French it agrees in Oendei- and
in Qender and Number with the
Possessor : — ^^
He is with his broths and his sister.
Bheisunthherbrotherand hersister.
fooile; ais^ easy.
diffloUe difficult
amen4 (partic.)
le voisin (m. ) '
la voisine (/.).
A. 1. Ton cousin a amen^
cousine a aussl amend son frere
broughi, led.
the neighbour.
Number vnth the person or
thlner possessed (like le and
la, ce and cette, etc.) : —
II est^avec son fr^re et sa soenr.
Elle iest^^vec son frere et sa soeur.
le papier (pr. ief = ie) the paper.
rencre(/.) the ink.
lis (elles,/.) sont they are.
la tante the aunt.
rtiabit [t mute) (m.) the coat, dress.
son frfere et sa scDur. 2. Ta
et sa soeur. 3. A qui a-t-il
parld ? — Il^a parld k son^oncle et & sa tante. *4. Oil sont ton
papier et ton^encre ? — Mon papier et mon^eacre sont eur la
table. 6. Voici votre neveu et Votre nifece. 6. Oil est ton^
oncle ? — Il^eat^avec ma cousine. 7. Ces^Allemanda ont amen6
leurs^amis. 8. Ont-ils^aussi apportd leur^atgent ?
B. 1. I have lost my knife, my flpwer, and my plants. 2.
=ftwiKr rold his honwrt-==^fo, l5ur he haslrotd his ship. 8. To
whom haye they spoken ? — They have spoken to their masters.
4. His iesson is very easy ; but her lesson is difficult 5. Her
friends are also my friends. 6. His aimt is the sister of his
mother. 7. Her uncle is the brother of her father.
<? I
Q
PRESENT TENSE OF ETRE, TO BE
8th
Je aula
tu ea
il(elle,on)eat
Lesson.
I am.
thou art.
he (she, one) is
nous aoznmea we are.
vousw6tea you are.
3.- ils (elles) sont they are.
Huitieme Legon.
Suls-je? Amil .
es-tu ? art thou t
est-il (elle, on| ? ishe[she, one) ?
Bommes-nous ? are we t
fitea-vous ? are you t
sont-ils (elles) ? are they f
c hard before a, o, u, & consonants :
le cahier th-e copybook.
le corps the body. leccBur the%eart.
l'6cu{m.) the shield, clair clear.
J. ^j^-The cerfi7^a under c (9) indicates that c (which oOierwise is
hard before a, o. u) has then the sound of s : compare—
c soft = s, before e, 1, y : —
ceci (pron. ) this.
le del ( = ssiil) sky, heaven.
Ilecygme swan.
c hard = k,
before a, o, u : —
cascEide cascade.
content (de) satisfied.
v6cu lived.
ch sharp = sh : —
le champ (mp = n), the field.
9 soft = s, only used
before a, o, u : —
fran9ais French.
erar9on boy,, waiter.
re9u received.
c always soft
before e, i, y;—
cela \ thai (pron. )
cegL \ , i/mjpron.)
cyprea\ cypress.
J soft=zh (nearly like 5 in\lei«ure) :—
le Jambon, t^ ham. le\jour, the day.
la chose, the thing, le cheval, 'the horse, le Jeu, theplay, game:
e hard before a, o, u & consonants :— g soft = J, before A, 1, jr :_
le er&teau the cake.
le groat the taste.
la gruerfe [u mute) the war.
s initial, & with conson. = *j
la saison (ssaizon) the season.
le genou thAknee.
leerilet the\vaistcoai.
ilmanarea(manja) h^ die.
a betiyeen vowels 4 2 ; —
r^grli8e(/.) thechXch.
lema(pron.fiss)<AesOTi. mortel \nortal
agrr^able agreeable, pleasant, tm&na {u md^ d m\ite) ithen '
J^S^?«?«-1M ■?■""'*• Iefran9ai8 the French ifiyigu^ge.
fran9ais(adj.) French. - le Pran9al8 the Frenchrri^Z
A. 1. Qui es-tu ?— Je suis le fils de ma m^re. 2. EteB-vous
contents de cetjcolier ?— Oui, nous sommes contents dj cet
^coher. 3. Les^hommes sont mortels. 4. Sont-ils contelts ?—
Oui, lis sont contents, quandjls^ont fait leurs devoirs,
sont vos cahiers ?— N08 cahiera sont sur votre table
goftt de la poire est^agrdable.
B. 1. Where are you ?— We are in the field. 2. The
is mortal. 3. These boys are the brothers of our friend. 1 *
Jgave^yo u brough t the-eakfr?^^-o,4mt we have Ibfought \the
ham. 6. This game is very pleasant. 6. Are they our frien^is ?
—Yes, they are our friends. 7. The days are long in sumnier
8. These Frenchmen have brought this horse. '
Oil
Le
•ody
4.
AVOIR NEGATIVELY AND INTERROGATIVELY
Oil
Le
0th Lesson. Neuvi^me Le9on.
Present of avoir,
Kegaiively. Interrogatively.
Jen'aipas* I have not. N'ai-jepas? Have I not f
•1 , II X °.^^ ^^ ^^^ ^"^^ "''^- »'as-tu pas ? hast thou not ?
U (elle) n a pas h£{she)hasnot. n'a-t-il (die) pas? has he[she)notJ
nous n'avonspas we Aaivj 7io<. n'avons-nous pas ? Aav« zwj -jioi r
•1 7?i"^v '^'^^^^ P^ 2/"" ^^^ '^°^- n'avez-vou8 pas? have you not f
il3(eUes)n'ontpa8 they have not. n'ont-ils pas ? have they not?
' ne . . . pas, not ; before a vowel or silent h = n' . . . paa
tl- is sounded hard in the end-
ings: -ti6, -tier, -ti6me, -ti(e)
(partie. ), -stlon, and -tienm other
than proper nouns : —
le hulti^me the eighth.
la question the Question.
TamltW (/. ) friendship.
la partie the part.
le tien thine.
Ohs. — tl-, as a rule, is sounded
like ssee (French si) : —
la nation the nation.
la patience patience.
Tariatocratle (/. ) the aristocracy.
le V^nltlen the Venetian.
am^ltleux ambitious.
essentlel essential.
Rule 8.— 'Abstract Noulis,' ' Nouns taken in a general sense,'
and 'Names of Countries,' take the Definite Article in French:—
L'ambltlon est dangereuse. Ambition is dangerous.
L or est precieux. QoU is m'ecious.
Les tigres sont cruels. Tigers are cruel.
La France est plus gtande que I'Espagne. France is larger than Spain.
Varfient {m:~) the silver,money. perdu (partie, ) lost.
heureuac happy, prosperous, r^pondu (partie.) replied., answered.
rlche rich, wealthy. flnl (partie.) finished.
a! r. N'as-tu pas perdtTson^miti^ ?— Non, je n'ai pas perdu
son^amiti^. 2. Ont-ils^une partie de cet argent ?— Non, mais
ils^ont^une partie de cet^or. 3. Je suis content de votre araiti^.
4. N'ont-ils pas rdpondu k cette question ?— Non, ils n^nt pas
r^pondu h. cette question. 5. N'avez-vous pas amen6 votre
cheval ? 6. N'ont-elles pas fini ?— Oui, elles^ont'fini. 7. Les
Vdnitiens^ont^une aristocratie. 8. N'ai-je p^ un devoir ?
B. 1. Has he not your friendship ?— No, he has not my
friendship, ^Haye^ they noiL lost patience ?— No, they have ^:=
not lost patience. 3. Have you not seen this gljLof our house ?
in this part of your ho JiP 4. The aris- "S^
-No, we have not seen this part of your ho
tocracy is rich. 6. You have replied to this question.
6. Has
she not a part of this gold ? 7. I have not finiahed my letter
lo ETRE NEGAT. b- INTERROG.— LIQUID CONSONANTS
10th Ijesson. Dixienfe Le9on.
Present of dtre.
Ntgativtly. " Interrogatively.
Je ne Buis pas 7 am not. Ne suis-je pas ? Am I not t
tu n' es pas thou art not. n' es-tu gas ? art thou not t
il (elle) n' «w pas he (she) is not. n' est-il (elle) pas ? is he (she) not f
nous ne sommeapas we are not. ne aomnies-nouspas? are we not t
yous n' etes pas' j/oM are 7U)<. n' §tes-vous pas ? are you not?
ils (elles) ne sunt pets they are n4)t. nesont-ils (elles)pas ? are they not f
Liquid Consonants : — 111, 11 ( = ye), and grn ( = nye) :
la bataiUe
le travail
.le soleil
lafllle
brlllant
l'oreille(/.)
Oulllaume
the battle. la campagrne the country, fields,
the work, labour, dlgne worthy,
the sun. le r/^grne (m.) the reign, rule,
the daughter, qirl. la Grande-Bre- "I ^^ ^ v ■. ■
h^.T,t ^h^j/Z..f t&gne* I ^*"*"^ ^rttavn.
I'Allemaerne (/. ) * Germany.
maerniflque
parce que +
deux (x mute)
trois (s mute)
le monsieur
magnificent.
because.
two.
three.
the gentleman,
the gentlemen,
the lady,
the ladies,
the young lady.
brighi, brilliant,
the ear.
, William.
le er^n^ral the general.
lar^compense the reward.
iraurquoi ? why f
monsieur Mr., sir.
pL messieurs Messrs., gentlemen... ' les messieurs
madamd Mrs., mudam, my lady, la dame
pi. mesdames ladies, les dames
' mademoiselle Miss. la demoiselle
pL mesdemoiselles Jfme«. lesdemoiselles^Aei/cmntjrZaiiieA.
j * Rule 9. — M»8t Names of * Countries' ending W « mute are
teminine. t paxce qu' before a vowel : paxoe qu'il, etc.
A. 1. N'est-elle pas la fille de GuillaumeT— f3Non, madame,
elle n'est pas la fille de Quillaume. 2. Ne eont-ils pas con-
tents 1 — Non, monsieur, ils ne sont pas contents. 3. N'ltes-vous
pas content ? — Non, mon^ami, je ne suis pas heureux, j'ai perdu
mon^argent 4. Ne sont-ils pas dignes de rdcompenae ?— Non,
ils ;ie sont pas dignes de T^compense. 5. Et pourquoi ne sont-
ils pas dignes de r^comperise ? — Parce qu'ils ne sont pas^appliquds.
6. Ils^ont perdu une bataille. 7. Ces demoistelles sont mes soeurs.
B. 1. Are they not the daughters of my friendU — No (sirX
they are hot the daughters of your friend. 2. Is he not worthy
^of reward ?^^ No i (mad am)« he is noteworthy of r e w ard. 9.^ ae^^
they not happy ? — No (misS), they are not happy. 4. The ears'
of the donkey are long. 6. The sun is Very bright in summer.
6. The rtde of the Qxieeti of (the) Great Britain is prosperous.
^r^
INTERROGATIVE CONSTRUCTIQlf
II
/«-
11th Lesson, Onzieme Logon
Ton pAre a-t-il un ch^val ]
Teswamls ont-llswune lecon ?
Sa traduction est-eUe. facile }
Ces montairnes sont-elles hautes ?
L'or n'est-ll pas pr^cieux ?
Obs. — Another way of "Asking questions consists in putting the inter-
rogative phrase, est-ce que . . .f iait that . , . f before the affirmaftve
form of tne senteqce : — ^.— — v,
(a) With a JVb«rt-Subject : —
Jffirmat. Jean a unu^ni. Johnhas a friend.
InterroQ I ^*:** quey ean a un ami ? (lit) la it tb&t John has a/rirndf
Has thy father a horse t ,
Have thy friends a lesson 1
Is his translation easy t
Are these mountains high 1
Is not gold precious f ^
or, Jean a-t-il un ami ? , (lit.) John has he afrienAi
(6) With a Pronottn-Subject : —
Affirmat. Vonsiavezwun^ami. You have a friend.
Interroa \ '^*"*^ *1^® "^°"^ *^^^ ^° *°*i^ (^i*-) I" ^^ ^^^ V^ ^'«'« a friend f
^' I or, Avez-vous un akni ? (lit.)^ai;e ybv^afrimdf
la Bourerogne Burgundy. • •
le vin • the vrine. '■
rAnerleterre (/.) England.
anglais English.
TAnglqis (m.) the Englishman.
I'Anglaise (/. ) the Englishwoman. Joll
ranglais (m.) the English langvage.letf^aor x
A,l
rezercice(m.) \ thejuxrcise.
le palala \the palace.
I'empereur i?ie emperor.
beau (/. p. 50) . fine, beautiful.
blanc (blanche,/) white.
pretty.
yie treasure.
Le temps test-il bef|,u ? 2. Le Jmlais Ve»t-il pas magni-
fique ? 3f Les^Anglais n'ont-iia pas^un beau pays ? 4. Les
lejons ne sont-elles pas difficiles ? 5. Est-ce que le vin de
Bourgogne est bon? 6. Est-ce ^ue I'Angleterre ^st riohe ?
7. Est-ce que les Fran9ais^ont^un^empereur ? 8. Est-ce qu6 le
lait est blanc ?
Construe sentences 1 to. 4 vnth * est-ce que,' and 6 to 8 by inverr^
tion. Answer all tli£ questions in French.
B. 1. I^ the summer fine 1 2. Are the exercises diflScult ?
3. Has not the king a palace t 4. Have your sisters replied to
your questions? 5. Is not England a fine country ? 6. Is not
^ Great Britain very rich?
Tke above $entencet to be translated ioth iobj/l /^
(1) by invtnton, and (2) hy meutaot e st-ie gw . . . ?
r
Beeajntidation, — :1. Who has druttk the iimlkt — The eai
S. Am I not your friend ? — Yes, you are my friend. 3. la not
ft friend a treMure 1 4. Ii not the corix. ripe?
Kh-li^
la
FEMININE FORM OF ADJECTIVES
Ce petit gar9on appU-
' Mon Cher ami.
12th Lesson. Dotizi^me Le9on. ^
We have seen in the 6th Rule that if a French Koun is in the
plural, its Adjective must be in the plural t(jo. ' Thus also if a French
Noun or Pronoun is feminine in gender, its Adjective must be in the
feminine too. The .FcwiintTi* is formed in several wayiWr— "
(a) GENERAL RULE— Add e mute to the ' maseuliTu' form .—
Masculine. Feminine.
II est anglais. EUe est anglalse. Be {she) is English
Le vaisseau anglais. La flotte anglalse. * The English ^hip (fleet).
Cette petite fiUe This diligent Uttle boy
appllqu^e.* (girl).
Ma ch6ret amie. My dear friend.
t Adjectives ending in -er take a 'grave accent '(') over the e, as above
SPECIAL RULES— ] . .
{b) Adjectives ending in e naute in the ' masculine ' remain unchanged : —
Levin rouge. i La mer rouge.* the rj^j^ine {sea).
(c) Adjectives ending in -f change thist into -ve r-^^'^
Ilestvlf. ' EUe esi Vive. ifc(^i«)w quick (lively).
{d) Adjectives ending in -x change this x into -se : —
Un nom glorieux. Une paix glorieuse. A gtorious name {peace).
(e) Most Adjectives in -on, -en, -el, -eil, -as, double their end-consonant
and take e mut^ : —
Quel bon godt ! Quelle bonne goutte! What ^ good toJfe(rfro»)/
L ancien chateau (m. ) L'anciehiae tour (/. ) The old edstle {tower).
* Rule lQ.~Adjective8 derived from ' Proper Nouns ' or ' Par- .
ticiples,' auHf^se denoting a ' colour,' stand after their. Noun.
le th6 (th = t) the tea. le catt the coffee.
Form the Feminine of the following Adjectives :— remain, Ronuin •
paresseux, lazy, idle; int^ressant, interesting; yfiirt, green • noir
black, dark; allemand, German; neuf, new; ou9ert, open- fler'
prcmrf/^emler, last; seul, only, alone, single; Chretien, Christian.
A. 1. Yotre ^mmaire fran5aise est-elle facile ?— No'n,
mon^amij elle jai'jpst pas facile. . 2. Le th^ noir,e8t-il agr^ble ?
— Oui, mais -le ^'" '- • < ■ - - -
eglises sont trfee
sont-elles dignei
paresseuses ne s^
couleur est trfes
B. 1. My gO'
[*5^ert n'est pa8^agr(5able. 3. Les^anciennes
4. Lea jeunes fiUes^appliqudes
kt — 0\jti, mais les jeunes fiUes
^ de recompense. 5. Gette jolie
e bonmKaaife nousjivons ! ^
- - ., «, .,111. 2r Is your French exercise
.difficult ?— No, i»ia not difficalt.^^. These young giite are
lively. 4. Is your little sister diligent ? — No, she is not^Jiligent
5. Are your daughters happy ?— Yes, madam; but our little
cousins are not happy. 6. This English translation is interesting.
'i'
IMPER.
Innniftl
TENSE OF AVOIR AND ETRE
13
iBocu Treizi^me Lc»9on.
Impfrfect-Tenge-Bndinffs.
S ; Plur. 1, 2, \.
•ain. -longt-lez, -alent.
J' ^taw IwaSfJusedtobe.
ttt ^tais thou wast.
il (olle)yetait he (sAc) loas.
nous.«etion0 w;e M;ere.
vousv^tiez you were.
il3(ellea)s^talent tJiey were.
Etais-je ? .
L'anrr ^tq^it-il?
L'amie etait-elle ?
Jen'etai3pas,etc
hier (pron. = i||r)
autrefois
maintenant . ,
^ present
eu (partic. perf. of)
avoir; pron. = u) J
JFas If etc.-
JVds tkt
friend...?
I was not.
yesterday,
formerly,
now.
at present
had.
av-\Bing.i' 2,
to be. • 6t- f -ais, -4I8,
avals Iltad, fused tohave.
til av^is^AoM hadst.
il (elle)s^valt Ae {she) had.
tiousv^vions xce had.
vouSs^viez you luid.
ils(elle3)wavalent they had. ~
Interroff. Avais-je ? Had 11 etc.
Jacc^ues avait-il? Had James?
Jeanne avaitrelle ? Hail Jane ?
Negat. Je n'avais pas,etc. Ihad not.
la lol ^ the lap;.
la lettre the letter.
la i*^publlque the republic.
la le^on d'angrlals the English lesson
la sexnaine ' the ^oeek.
la ni^ce the niece.
Rule 11. — If a feminine Noun or Pron. is used in the Plural, its
Adj. must take the signs both of the Fern, and Plwral (flee Lessons
6 and 12) :— ' ' ,
II est vif. ' ns sont vifs. BUe est vivb. / Elles sont vives.
Mon petit frire. Mes petits fibres. Ma petite soeu'r. Mes petites sceurs.
Give the French for the following, both sing, and plur. : —
(1) Putting the Adjective after its Noun :— The open window ; the
new town ; the last week ; this German-lady ; the French republic ; our
idle donkey; your proud (jueen ; the Christian king ; his happy mother.
. (2) "Puttjinphe Adjective befare its Noun :-4:The only table ; -the last
t^JUPPI my good ^>en ; his little table ; her little ehiW; his pretty name.
A. 1. Oil ^tais-tu hier ? — J'&t&is Jl Paris. 2. N'avais-tu paa^un^
ami fidfele ?— Non, je n'avais pas^un se/ul^ami. 3. Avaient-ils
ma lettre fran9ai8e ? — Non, maiails^avaJent ma lettre^allemande.
4: La fenetre n'^tait-elle pas^ouverte ?/— Non, elKs^^tait ferm^e.
5. Qui avait^autrefois cette grande maison ? — Notre chere tante.
6. Les^anciennes lois romaines^^taient/trfes s^vferes. 7. Lea Fran-
9ai8^avaient^un^empereur, mamtenant ils^ont^une r^publique.
B. 1. Where was thy young brother yesterday ? — He was iti
Paris. 2. Had you not a difl&ci^t lesson ? — Yes, we had a
-di ffi cu lt^ lesso n ^ bu t the ^Freac
your French copy-books new ?-
Were not your^ nieces ill last
they were .lazy. 5. Had you at
had a Qel-man lesson. •
/No, they were not new. 4.
? — ^No, they Were nbt ill,
English lesson? — No, but we
■■'■">,
H PRETERITE TENSE OF AVOIR AND ETRE
14th Lesson.
" I
Infinitive Form. Pret. Stem, +
avoir to have. eu-\Slng. l,
dta-e to be. fu- j -b,
J' eus(pron. =u) / Jtad (gol).
tu eus thou hadst.
ilw eut he had.
nouswe&mes we had.
vouSfc^dtes y<m had.
lis weurent they had.
(a) Use the Imperfect Past tense
when you speak of something
which was usually or repeatedly
done at some time past :—
Qoand j'dtais h. Brighton, j'avais
toujours bon appetit.
Wk^eriever I was staying ai
" Brighton, I aShojiys used to
have a good appetite.
la ff^oerraphle geography.
Ifhistoire (/.) history, the story.
Quatorzieme Le90ii.
Preterite-Tense-Endings.
2, 8 ; Plur. 1, 2, 3.
-8, -t : Ames, Ates, -rent.
Je fus
tu fus
il fut
nous fiimes
vous ffites
ils furent
1 was {became),
thou wajt.
he was.
we were.
you were.
' they were.
(b) Use the Preterite Past tense
when you relate a single action
which once happened : — -
Hier je fas k Brighton, et j'eus
bgn appetit.
Yesterday I was in Brighton, and
I had a good appetite.
'• ** >
le diner
le coner^
la condvilte
Londres
the dinner.
the holiday, leave,
pie conduct, beha-
> viour.
London.
rarme (/.)
I'arm^ (/.)
la viotoire
vlotorieux
latin
plusleurs (m.
and/.) .
the arm, weapon,
the army,
the victory,
victorious.
Latin.
several.
A. 1. EAtes-vous^une le9on de g^ographie la semaine
demifere? — Oui, monsieur, et nous^eAmes^aussi une le9on
dTiietoire. 2. N'eurent-ils pas^unp lettre de Paris ?— -Non, mala
ils^eurent^une lettre de Rome. 3. Oti Mtes-vous hier ? — Hier'
nous fumes^ii Londres. 4. L'arm^e anglaise ne fut-elle pas
victorieuse ?— .Oui, les^armdes^anglaises furent victorienses dans
plusieurs grandes batailles. 5. L'^lfeve n'eut-il pas^un ct>ng4 ?—
Oui, il eut^un cong6 de dix jours. 6. Quelle glorieuse victoire !
*B. 1. Had he an English lessbn yesterday ?— No, but he had
a Latin lesson. 2. Had he not a young friend ? — Y68, he had
■>-*
ryoimg friend. S^rfThey last weelrrw8& in Calais, aiiff I had:
a good dinner. 4. When we were at Dover, we uqed to havatf'
good djnner. 5. Were you not satisfied with his conduct ? — No,
We were not satisfied with his conduct. 6. What a fine castle 1
''•'■■■ ^ •
I^.
FUTURE PRESENT OF AVOIR AND ETRE
15
15th Lesson. Quinzieme Le9on.
».>,
Infinitive Form.
avoir to Jiave.
6tre to be.
J ' aurai I
Fut. Stem, +
aur- I Sing, l,
ser- ) -al,
shall have.
Future-Tense-Endings.
*
tu auras
iL aura
louswaurons
pus^^urez
uauront
thou wilt have,
he will have.
2, 3 ; Plur. 1, 2, 3.
-as, -a ; -ons, -ez, -ont.*
Je serai / shall he.
tu seras thou wilt he.
il sem lie will be.^
we shall have,
you will have,
they will have.
Je n'axirai pas.
Je ne serai pas.
og. Aurai-je ?
Serai-je ?
nous serons we shall he.
vous serez"*^ yoti will he.
ils seront they will be.
I shall not Jiave, etc.
/ shall not be, etc.
SJmU I have f etc.
Shall I he? etc.
L'eleve aura-t-ir(iOTige ? or, Est.-ca que I'elfeve aura conge ?
L'eleve sera-t-il ici ? £s€-oe que l'eleve sera ici ?
Obs. — These inflections are derived from the Present of avoir (p. 5),
with the omission of av- in the first and second pereon plural.
le ftulti th^ fruit. attentif
demain (adv.)
h quelle heure ?
k6ixj^{x=z) heures
punl
le moi^
& la mftison
la pomme
le matin
prochain
the fruit,
the month,
at home,
the apple,
the morning,
•next.
attentive.
to-inorrov).
at what o'clock f
at ten o'clock.
punished.
rteompens^ (partic.) rewarded.
A. }. Aurez-vous votre argent demain ? — Non, nous n'aurons
pas nofre argent. 2. Votre dleve aura-t-il une recompense ? —
Oui, il aura une recompense, quand il sera appliqu^. 3. Serez-
V0U8 A la maison demain 1^— Non, nous ne serons pas k la maison.
4. Votre 8(Bur n'aura-t-elle pas ces fleurs ? — Oui, elle aura cea
flaurs et ces fruits. 5. Quand seront-ils k la maison ? — lis
lerout k la maison demain. 6. La semaine prochaine les ^Ifeves
attentifs et appliques seront reoompensds. 7. A quelle heure
serez-vous ici ? 8. Quand j 'aurai cette pomme, je serai content.
B. 1. What lesson shall we have to-morrow morning ? — We
shall have the fifteenth lesson. 2. When will he be at home ?
— T ormorrow.. 3. Shall ynu have a good dinner m (k)^Paria,i_
' — Yes, we shall have a good dinner. 4. When will they be in
London? — They will be at home next week. 5. At what
o'clock will he be in (k) the school ? 6. Will these apples be
ripe (the) next^ month M 7. This idle boy wiU not be rew»rde4,
D
i6 CONDITIONAL PRESENT OF A^i^OIR AND ETRE
16th Lesson. Seizieme Le9on.
Infinitive Form. Condit Stem, +
avoir- to have. aiir- | Sing, i, 2,
ser- ) -ais, -ais,
/ should have. Je
Conditional-Tense-Endings.
>^
6tre to he.
J' aiirais
tu aurais
11 v.Aurait
nous../inrions
vouswaurlez
ils <^uraient
3 ; Plur. 1, 2, 3.
ait ; -ions, -iez, -aient.*
serais / should he.
serais thou wouldst be,
serait he would he.
serions we should he.
seriez you ivould he.
Beraie^^Jthey would he.
*Obs. — These inflections are derived from the Imperfect of avoir, with
the omission of av- throughout.
thou wouldst have,
he would have.
we should have,
you would have,
t/iey would have.
tu
il
nous
vous
ils
avoir faim to be hungry. avoir froid to be cold.
avoir soif to be thirsty. avoir raison to be right.
avoir chaud to be warm. avoir tort to be wrong.
avoir tres chaud to be hot. avoir pitie (de) to jrity, io have
avoir besoin (de) to be in need of, pity on.
to want. avoir envie (de) to have a mind.
I'Aftique (/.) Africa. laborieuz industrious.
la bi^re the beer, ale. pauvre poor, indigent.
le peuple {m. sing.) the people. lu (perf. partic. | , ^
^onome saving, spar- of lire, to read) \ '"' ' i'^^'"*"-
ingr, thrifty, ob^issant obedient.
,travaill6(partic.perf.)tcorAed. si* if, whether {couy);
r^pingleC/.) the pin. so (adv.)
• si = s' only before il and ils :— sll, slls ; but si elle(s), si on, etc.
A. 1. Auriez-vous faim, si vous aviez travaille ? — Oiii, nous
aurions faim. 2. Votrte fr^re aurait-il le temps? — Non, 11
n'aurait pas le temps. 3. J'aurals froid, si je n'avals pas un
habit chaud. 4. Je serais content, si j'avais cet habit. 5. Serait-
11 ici, s'il avait re9u votre lettre ? 6. EUes arftaient chaud, si elks
dtalent en Afrique. 7. Nous serions malades, pI nous avions bu
cette bifer^. 8, Ce peuple ne serait-il pas heureUx, s'il avait, un
bon roi ? 9. Je in'aurals pas besoin ^'argent, si j'^tais riche.
B. 1. We should be thirsty, if we had not drunk this water.
2. He would be wrong, if hfe were not obedient. 3. I should
have read this story ^ if I had h_ftd the time. 4, W nnl.l yo u r ^
inend be satisfied, if he had this English horse ? 6. He would
have this money, if he wepe industrioua 6. They would be
rich, if they were saving. 7. Would they not be in need of a
pin ? 8. Am I not right ? — No, you are wrong.
f
COMPOUND TENSES — PRESENT PERFECT
17
^
17th Lesson. Dix-sept|eme Le9on.
The Present Perfect is formed, as In English, with the
PREjgENT of avoir + the Part. Perf. of theVerb to be conjugated :-
lir ; Part. Perf. eu, Imd.
' ' * / have had ;
^^'s*/-J'ai eu;
* tu asw eu thou hast had.
il(elleXA eu he {she) has had.
nousv^avons^^u we have had.
vous^^vez^y eu you have had.
ilswonto eu they have had.
6tre ; Tart. Perf. 6t6, been.
I ham been ;
J'ai\ ^t^;
tu asJi 4t6 thou hast been.
ilwft \ 6t6 he has been.
noust^voni
vousv.AveZw.
ils,x>ntw
St^ we have been.
\4t^ you have been.
it6 they have been.
Neg. Je n'ai pas^eu, etc. Je n'ai pas^ete, etc,
Jnterrogative. Ai-^e eM7 Ai-Je^t^?
Albert a-t-il eu? Albert a-t-il ^t^ ?
Int. d' Neg. N'ai-je paek^u ? N'ai-je pasv^te ? fft
Reymond n'^-t-il ptw^u I Julie n'a-t-elle pas^ Ht
• ii./. <
^te?
ave not h^d {been).
,ve I had {been) t
Albert had {been) f
I iwt had {beeti) f
not E. {or J.) had
',en) f
apr^-midi (m. or/.) aJUmoon.
le (la) domeatique the servant.
le savon
lasoif
le contralre
au contralre Si the contrary.
sltu^ (part. perf. ) ^icaied.
miB {■part.-pert) j^t, put on.
sage wise (subst. sage),
goM {as to conduct),
the contrary, encore (adv. ) stic^, yet, again.
the soap
the thirst.
A. 1. Ou aa-tu et^ ce matin, men enfant ? — J'ailet^ k I'^glise,
2. Avez-vous dt<5 k la maison cet apres-midi ? — Ndp, monsieur,
nous avons ^t^ k r^cole. 3. Votre petit frere a-t-il 4t| k Londres I
— Oui, madame. 4. Lea jeunes filles ont-elles eil leur le^on
d'histoire ? — Non, madame, ellea n'ont pas encore evnleur le^on.
5. N'avez-vous pas eu un domeatique ? — Oui,. un uomestique
italifen. 6. Pourquoi a-t-il 6ti r^compens^ ? — II a |t^ rdcom-
pens^ parce qu'il a it& tres aage. 7. Voua avez eu
B. 1. Where has he been ? — He has been at Ubmc 2.
Have you had your tea ? — No, I have not had my tea. | 3. Why
h aa he been Boill?:. ^BecauBe 4te has b ee n c ol d . 4 >JHkYe th e y-
not been punished ? — No, they have not been punia&ed. 6,
Have you been warm ? — No, on the contrary, we have h&BXi «)ltl.
6. Has he been hungry? — No, he haa been thiraly, 7| (The),
beer la good for the thirst 8. Haa not ouf master beenlright ?
.t^'
Sf...j
C.
i8
PLUPERFECT OF AVOIH AND kTRE
18th Lesson. Dix-huitieme Le^on.
The Pluperfect Tense is formed, as in English, with the
Imp?rf. of avoir + the Part. Perf. of the Verb to be conjugated ;
avoir, to have; Part. Perf. eu, had.
Ihad
J' avals
tu avals
l1 avait
hous avions
vous avlez
ils avalent eu
NegUt.
had ;
eu ;
eu thou hadst had.
eu he had had.
eu we had had.
eU you had had.
they had had.
Je n'avais jamais eu.
/ h/id never had.
6tre, to he; Part. Perf. ^t^, been.
Ihad
J 'avals
tu avals
il avait "
nous avions
vous aviez
been ;
4>t4>
ils avalent 6t6
thou hadsf, been,
he had been.
we had been,
you had been,
they had been.
Je n'avais Jamais Ste, etc.
/ had never be^n.
Caution. —Distinguish carefully between —
had {hadst, etc.). Perfect Tense
late, behind time.
of 'to have,' always used with its
Subject : —
/ had, you had, etc. ,
J'avais, tu avals, etcXp. 13),
^ J'eus, tu eus, etc. (p. 14),
le cordonnier the shoemaker.
le voyage (m.) the jourtny, travel.
rinstitutrlce(/.) the governess.
l'Italie(/.) Italy,
la capitale the capital.
I'amour (m. ) the toj/e. .
lethiitktre(th=t.) theatre.
rindigr^ne ■ the native.
FQtenu (part.) detained.
A. 1. Ou avals -tu itil — J'avais 6td en Italic. 2. Pour-
quoi n'avais-tu pas eu raiaon ? — Farce que j'avais eu tort. 3.
Le c6rdonnier avait-il ^td ici ? — Noii, il h'avait pas etd ici. 4.
Si vous aviez it& b, Paris, vena auri£z«vu I'Eii^pereur. 6. Pour-
quoi n'aviez-vou8 pas eu pitid de cet homme ? — Parce qu'il avait
6i& mdchant. 6. Si nous avions eu un cheval, nous n'aurions pas
attendu. 7. lis avaient eu besoin de cet argent pour leur voyage.
B. 1. Why had you been eo late ? — Because I had been de-
tained. 2. Had you been at home ? — No. I had not been at
and had, Participle Perfect,
without person •'endings, only used
with an Auxiliary Verb, both in
French and English : —
/ have bad ; / had had.
J'ai eu ; J'avais eu, etc.
attendu (part.) waited.
m^chant vncked, naughty.
par (prep. ) by, through.
avant (prep. ) before {as to lime).
devant (prep. ) be/ore {as to place).
tard(adv.)
en retard
Jamais (adv. ) ever.
ne . . . Jamtkis ncoer.
Iioinp. 3. Where had you been ? — f had been at (the) school.
4. If we hfwi been hungry, we should have had our dinner. 6.
Had 'you ever been in Italy? — No, but I had been in Eng-
(aiid. * 6. Had your governew be^n in. France f — Yea, ahe had.
•r*
'«#.&
FUTURE PERFECT OF AVOIR AND ETRE
19
10th Lesson. Dix-neuvieme kje5on.
The Future Perfect Tense, to express an ackion expected to bo
fully accomplished (hence called jTcr/gci) at some/woire time, is formed
with the Future Pres. of avoir + the Part. Pe^^f. of the yerb to
be conjugated : —
I shall-have had ;
J' aunii eu
tu aiuras eu
il aura eu
n. aurona eu
V. avurez eu
ils auront eu
thMk wilt-have had.
he vnll-have had-
we shall-lvive had.
you toill-have had.
they will-have had.
I shall-have hcerv
J' aural ^t^ ;
tu auras 4t6 t
il aura 4t6
n. aurons^t^ w(
V. aurez 6t6 yo\
I wilt-have been,
vnll-have been,
shall-have bcev.
will-have been.
ils auront 6t4 they vnll-have been.
la viande
la paresse *
la t&che
la tache
le facteur
l'expo8ition(/.)*
la pluie *
k cause de
* obs. — The Future Perf. is also used to express propability :-
_, jj. I 1. i. ( He must h^ve been absent.
II aura 6te absent. | .^^ probably has been absent.
the meat. le beurre (m.) the }mtter.
laziness, idleness, pr^ent presknt.
the task, job. absent absent,
the spot, soil. trlste sad, Ureary, dull,
the postman. mauvais bad. I
the exhibition. indlspos^ , unweU, poorlf. t '
the rain. depuls (prep. ) sijux \for). ^ < > -
(m account of. d^A(adv.) alreamf.
o,\i\o\xr^'Ta.\j^{&A.\.)to-day,thisday. midi (m.) twelve 0' clock,naon, midday.
• Nouns ending in -sse, -ion, -le, -t6, are niostly Pemkiine.
A. 1. Pourquoi cet ^leve n'a-t-il pas ete present ?V— II aftra " '
M malade. 2. Poujquoi ces gar9on8 sont-ils si tristes 1 — lis
auront ^td punis pour leur paresse. 3. Serez-vous k St. Pdters-
bourg la eeniaine prochaine ? — Nous aurons di^k ^t» k St. *
Petersbourg avant la semaine prochaine. 4. A midi j'aarai d^ji\
cu mon diner. 5. Et nous aurons eu notre tache. \ 6. Le
facteur est en .retard aujourd'hui, il aura M retenu \par le
mauvais temps. 7. Cette pluie n'est-elle pas triste 1
B. 1. Why have they been so late ? — They must have ( i= will-
have) been detained by the rain. 2. This boy has been hbsent
for i = Mnce) ten days. 3. He must have been unwell. 4.\ Shall
you be at the exhibition next month ? — I shall have been kt the
TxhibltiOirB^I&fe next mcsnth. STAt ten o'clock we Bt[amhaver=====
had our tea. 6. The postmen will be late this moAiing.
7. Why ?-^0n account of the rain. 8. . His house is before
the theatre. 9. Is she not wrong ? — No, she is right.
•J
"?i.-
I
20 CONDITIONAL PERFECT 01^ AVOIR AND ETRE
20th Lesson. Vifigrtieme Legon: ,*
The Conditional Pbkfect is formed with—
the Conditional Pres. of avdir-f the Part. Pebf. of the Verb
to be conjugated : —
'I should-have had;
J' aurais eu;
tu aurais eu you would -have
had. ■
il aurait eu he would - have
had.
n. aurions eu we should-have
had.
V. aurlez eu you would - have
had.
lis aiiraiedt eu Uiey would -have
had.
rhabitant(^.)
la Prusse
rhdtel(TO.)de
- vli^e
la r^ponse
la compagnie
la bont4
nlals ; tot(te),
la Belgrique
bl&m6(partic,)
the inhabitant.
Prussia.
I should-have been ;
•J* aurais ^t^;
tu aurais ^XA you would -have
II aurait ^t^ he would- have
been.
n. aurions 6t6 we should-have
been. , •
V. aurlez ^t^ you would -liave
VCCTt
lis auralent^t^ they would -have
beeitt^,
charm^ (de)
charmed, delighted
(unth).
angry {with),
sorry (for),
careless.
the town-hall. - *^^^ (centre)
f&ch6 (de)
the answer, reply, n^grligent
the company. tout (pi. tous)
the ki'iidness. toute /.
f^y-. (pl-'toutes)
bh.Zr sans (prep.) withmt, but for.
blanmi. tout ; tout h fait (adv.) ^Uef
Vail,
whole, every.
A. 1. Auriez-vous eu cet argeit sans sa bonte ?— Non nibn-
Bieur, sans sa bont^ nous nWions pas eu cet arRent 2
Aunez-vous ^te en Prusse ?^ Non, noi!s n'aurions pLli^ en
Prusse, niais en Belgique. 3. Si iu avals et^ appW tu
n aurais pas dt(5 bllnid. 4. Nous aurions ixA charms de 1
a present 6. Nous n aurions pas m en France, si nous n'avions-
pa« eu tout cet argent. 7. J'aumis 6U fSchd d'avoir Jort
book; ''2^^ iTw ll'''''^".?' ^' f "^^^ ^"' ^^« ^«d thj
W^ «b.n?i ?\ ^^"^ ^'^'^''^' ^^ would.be rich now. 3
We shouldnot have been at the town -hall. 4! Th .y w»nM
e"T «b ,»,^P^, S: She M^irYoHiave-W^ W ^^
Lv if T b Tt ^T "^'^ ^" «^">'- ^- He wonld-have been
Borry. if I had been late. 8. We should have been delighted
IMPERATIVE OF AVOIR AND ETRE
21
21st Lesson
2.
3.
1.
2.
Ale
Qu'il alt
ayons
ayez
3. Qu'ils alent
N'aie pas
Qu'il n'ait pas
"have {flunC) not.
let him not havt^
n'ayons pas let us not have.
n'aye? pas have (ye) not;
,' ' ' Son't have.
eh blen ! well ! vxll then !
la peur fear.
avoir peur* to he afraid.
lacomplalsaoce-h^Ac kindness.
Vingft et unieme Le9on
tiave (thou). Sols
let hini have. Qu'il solt
let lis have. soyons
soyez
Qu'ils Solent
Negative : —
Ne sois pas
Qu'il ne soit pas
VV>«/ MO /KfrVC
have {ye),
let them have.
Be {thou),
let him he.
let us be.
he {ye),
let them he.
he thou ifot.
let him not he.
ne soyons p€is let vs not he.
ne soyez pas be {ye) not ;
don't be.
satisflait
satisfied.
le couraeret
la place
le raisin
la botte
a^nes (/.)
re8t«i(partic.conj
with 6tre)
the courage,
the place,
the grape,
the boot.
Genoa,
stayed, left,
remained.
^crit (partic. ) written.
appris (partic.) learnt.
brtijrant noisy.
Pr6t ' ready.
tranqullle quiet.
modeste modest.
toi\Jours (adv.) always.
aussitdt que (conj.) ow soon as.
bientdt(adv.) soon.
maner^ (partic.) eaten.
Obs.—A few Abstract Nouns, which form with the Verb a verbal
phrase, are used without the Article.— Ayez done 1 Do have !
t Nouns ending in -ance, -ence, are Peminlne.
X Most Nouns in -agre are Masculine.
A. 1. Aye? done patience. — Eh bien, j'aurai patience. 2
N'ayons pas peur.— Nous n'avons pas peur. 3. Aie courage
4. Ne soyez pas si bruyants, mes enfants ! 5, Ne sois pas
toujours si paresseux. 6. Soyons modestes. 7. Qu'ils soient
heureux ! 8. Sois attentif.— Je suis attentif. 9. Je n'aurais pas
<5t4 satisfait, si vous ^tijez rest^. 10. Nous serons pret« aussitot
que vous. 11. Quand vous serez ^conomes, vous aurez cet
argent. 12. Nous ayions iii k Gfenes un mois avaut voua
B. 1. Let him have patience. 2. Do not be afraid. 3. Let
them have courage. 4. Let us be industrious, and we shall
soon be rich. _5. Be ye happy. 6. Don't be so sad. ? ^^ Have
noXt^noiJ fear^ 8. IT we had all this money, we should be satis-
fied. 9. Would she not have been ill, Jf she had eaten those
grapes 1 10. When will you be quiet? 11. At what o'clock
will he be at church ? 12. When will my boots be ready ?
\
-i^i
«^^^^E^ALADfECT,VES~^. CAaDWAL Ny„BERS
\u \\
3 trois (s mute)
4quatre(Mmute).
5 cinq.
6 six (x = ss)
7 sept (;) mute).
8 hult.
9 neuf.
10dlx(aj = ss).
' 22d Lesson. Vrngt-deuxieme Lecon
1 un (m.), vine (/-.) n onze oi ^ "^'^von-
2 deux (a; mute). 12 douze ' ni Z?°l' ®*^ ^ (^°8rt-un).
''^- ' IStreize.- 30 SSl^!*^^ <' ^-"^^^ J)'
\\ ^,^*o"e(«mute)40 quarante (« mute)
16 s^zT ^" ™"*'> SJ clnquante\. mu ). '
10 seize. 60 soixante (x- a«^
o^^t'^J(- = 4 eisoixanSSun^- '
18d^.hult „ 62 8oixante-deux.
2?^^^.^^ '^ 63solxante-troS
Ohs Tn.-' • ^'^'^°»*(^™"te). 69soixante-neuf.
(a) t:;;i^!L"'^ '"^ ^^P*' ^"•^' °«'^. <i«. the end-consonant is
Slf^SllrS^^S^K^lT'^^!!"- Ilssontsept.
irrr^noe-.J^^^^^' ''^^^^'''^^ ' ^epl^hommes ; huit^ns.
npiif jino . V ' settom; uitan.)
(;>rono,m«; = "euv^^'' di^^^?^« ' vingt^l^ves ; deuxJIes.
Quel^rta':;i^^S,r Sanr^lTJ'''^' /-^-.^-.ea...... '
le ft^nc /ra,u.(25fr.=£r)^"ienf "^"r^^f ' ^'^"^^"•
le banquler the banker. combl«n X,«f o f^ "*'^^' ^'^' "^'^Z/ ^
• une fols once. comoien de . . .? before a Noun : how
deux fols twice. myriad. ^.'^'^^ (many) . . . /
^r J-^n ^9 U 7"?f /-•*•' A- 1-20, am „, i„
J'aumi quinze-ans demain Tl'J'.S.a -T *\«^-^°»«^
la semaine en sept ,w' 7 Vn. ^v''^ '"^ ^"^^" "^«^«'
enfants ?-Elle eift huin;f„ J' ^^"^ '"*-""« P^^^i^^rs
B. 1. How m ch 1 « ^' ""^ ^''^'°' '* trois. fiUes.
do th:.e W, fo^ ^Vr? '3' ^^^«- -^^^ 2. How much
.4. HowmanyLnths'afa vear, 5 Ho"7 ^^rs have you I ^^
make eighteen a Wn i,l,ull ,"'"'7"®^ ' «• Thx«e times six
■ time is it ?-rt is elevTn NB ^7 ^'^'^ ''^''''' ^ ^- ^^^
eleven. iV.£.— ^n*u,^ «m<««c«s 1-7 in French.
> ..
-if
A. CARDINAL NUMBERS
23
6,8,
23d Lesson.
70 Boizante-dlz.
71 Boizante et onze.
72 soizante-douze.
80 quatre-vingrts. {yts silent).
81 quatre-vinfirt-un.*
82 quatre-vlngrt-deux.
90 quatre-vlngrt-dlx.
91 qiiatre-vlnert-onze, etc.
99 quatre-vlnfirt-dix-netif.
Vingrt-troisieme Le9on.
100 cent. (< silent).
101 cent un (cent et un).
200 detiz cents.
250 deux cent cinquante *
1,000 mille, mil.t
2,000 deux mlUe t (no a).
10,000 dlx miUe,
100,000 cent mille.
lo-TT -■^'i. ■ 1,000,000 tm million.
^ 1877, mil huit cent {or dix-huit cent) soixante-dix-sept
i„w«H?f*"~^J:^*™"'^°?*^^^' ^""^ ^^^ P''^™^ of c«°t. without 8 if fol-
lowed by another numeral, or if used as «rc?ma? numbers :-Chapitre quatre-
t mille (1000) never takes s. But mille = mUe, does :-dix mUles
U n y a pas th^re ts [are) mt. n'y a-t-il pas ? w {are) there not f
yaura ther^xvillbe
I y am^t there would be.
\ y a tj^t JouLTs.
I y a quinze Jours,
bmbien y a-t-il d'ici k Paris ?
il y aura eu \ there will (would)
11 y auriiiteu J have been.
a deux cents ipilles. «
:elle8(a;=ss)^ntsscZs. I
>uxt6 the county, SMre.
23,
43,
A week ago (lit. eight days ago).
A fortnight (lit. fifteen days) ago.
How far is it (from here) to Paris J
It is two hundred miles.
le errand-p^re the grandfather.
la errand'm^re tlie gramlmoth^.
Learn the numbers tfiroughout, and say in Fren6h— 41
19, 55, 69, 73, 79, 80, 84, 89, 90, 95, 98, 87, 76, 65, 64*
p, 21, 150, 561, I8I5; 1688, 99,999. 1. Combien de
jours\ y a-t-il dans ce mois ?— II y a trente et un jours 2 Et
dans le mois prochain ?— Vingt-huit jours. 3. Combien de
comt<5^ y a-t-il en Angleterre ?— Quarante. 4. N'y a-t-il pas au
moms \quatre millions d'habitants k Londres ?— Oui, pour lo
moins. \ 5. Combien font huit fois douze ?~Quatre-vingt-seize.
6. Quel\ age d votre grand-pere ?— II aura quatre-vingts ans la
semaine Wochaine. 7. Et votre grand'mfere ?— Elle eut soixdBte-
dix-sept kns le mois dernier. 8. II y a huit jours qu'il est ici?\
B. 1. How many hours are there in a day ?— In a week ? \
2. How riiany weeks has a year ? 3. How far is it (from here)
to London\ ? 4. How .old is your father? 5. How many in-
^habitants ate there iniihis town ?— In this cotmtry T 6 I soap
( = luive 8em\ your banker a week ago. 7. We wmi ( = have hem)
to Brussels d fortnight ago. 8. There will be 20,000 soldiers
in thiB army\ N.B.—Anmoer gentmces 1-5 in Frejich.
B
\
24
B. ORDINAL NUMBERS
24th Lesson. Vingrt-quatrieme L©9on.
\st {first) le premier, la premiere,
■2^ i le (la) detixIA^e.
\ le second, la seconde.
le (la) troisi^me,
M
lOth
20th
2\st
22d
'60th
100th
le (la) dlxl6me(ic=z), etc.
le (la) vlngtl^me.
le (la) vlngt et uni6me.
le |la) vingrt-deuxi^me.
le (la) trenti^me, etc.
le' (la) centl^riie.
lOOOthle (la) mllUAme, etc.
ilh le (la) quatrl6me.
5(h le (la) clnqulAme.
Qth le (la) neuvl^me. .v,v.v«„^ov
Rule 12.— /« spcaJdng of the 'days of the month' and of
sovereigns ('kings,' 'emperors,' ' popes,' .<c.). Cardinal numbers
must be used m French; except far ' the first,' which is ordinal ^^
Charles premier Charles the First. Henri quatre Ifenr,, the Fmirth i
lepremierjanvierl.^ o/i/an,«^ry. lesixjllii mljnZ \
e deux fevrier 2d of Felmm^j. le sept juiUet 7 A ofJM -
e clna m^ S "-^l?/^^' ^^ neuf septembre m o/M.;,«.
le cinq mal 5th of May. ledixyoctobre 1 0th of October
, + ^® onzenovembre Wth of November
Ta^cl^t, '^"'^'^^f*^; l^tre^teetundecembre Zlst of Bcc^viber.
la ciasse <Ae cZoss. le successeur the successor.
i!if?r^ *^^f9ree. I'^tlon (/.) the edUim:
la latitude the latitude. n6 (m. ), n6e (/. ) 6om.
lenord th^ north. ^ six mois half a year.
W!- .^ fm72«'«. Fr^^ric Frederick.
JNotice that h iii huit and o in onze are treated as aspirates.
A. r. Quand etes-vous nde,'ma chere C<5cile ?— Jo suis nee le
dix-sept juiUet, 1878. 2. Qui est le. premier de la ciasse ?—
C'est Frangois; liier il dtait le huitieme. 3. La France est
situee entrele quarante-deuxieme et le cinquante et uniome
degre de latitude nord. 4. Ne seriez-vous pas fier, si v^is etiez
le premier de la ciasse ? 5. Quel jour avons-nous aujourd'hui ?
— C est aujourd'hui le trente-et-un octobre. 6. Quel roi fut le
prddecesseur de la reine Victoria ^— Ce fut Guillaume quatre.
B. 1. Who is the first in (say of) your class ?— I am the first,
I'rederick is the second, and John is the third. 2. In f Latin I
am the ninth, in German the sixth, and in French the fifth
3. Henrj' the Eighth was the successor of Henry the Seventh
A^ I u-cM (, = am) born [on] the 20th of April 1867,^^5. Haw old.
are you then ^— I am ten years. 6. -Of what editiou is your
book?_Of the twenty-first. 7. Have you learnt the 31st
lesson ?— No, but I have learnt the 21st, 22d, and 23d. fen
c = z), etc.
e.
iinl^ind.
ixi^me.
3, etc.
etc.
me = IT
Ufirt-i,
' ami of
numbers
malf' —
e Fourth,
ine.
ig'ust.
ofSvpt.
ctuber.
oixmber.
hctitiber.
sor.
tt:
■ates.
8 nee le
asse ? —
ince est
xinienie
jlis etiez
rd'hui ?
li fut le
atre.
he first,
Latin I
le fifth,
eventh.
.srs oltL
is your
e 3l8t
fen.
^0SSP
PLURAL of' SUBSTANTIvis AND ADJECTIVES
r
2S
r
25th Lesson. Vingt-oinctuieme Legon.
• Rule 13.~Plural of No^ms and Adjectives (Gth Lesson contd.) :—
^'^^ Sf^far^i! ^^^^•—^'i'i 8 [except to those under [b), (c), and {d)]:~
le bon maitre the good master, les bons maltres" the good masters.
la bonne tante the good auiU. les bonnes tantes the good aunts.
(6) Special Rules.— 7%ose ending in -a, -x, -z. remain unchanqcd —
1 heureux Anglais /Ae happy Englishman, les heureux Anglais
cdtte nolx mflre this ripe^walnut. . ces noix mures.
(c) Nou7is and J^is. ending in -au, -eau {and Nouns in -eu) take -x :—
le beau chapedtf the fine hat. les beaux chapeavix.
ce nouveau jejl this new game. ces nouveaux jeux.
(rf) Nouns and Adjs. iwA&l {and ajcw Nouns ih -all) change this -al
into -aux :—
le grand canal the great canal, les grands canaux.
moil travail peiiible my hard work, mes travaux penibles.
le mdtal , the metal.
„ le cuivre * the copper.
retain (to.)*. the tin.
" leplomb • (mb = n) the lead.
le Journal
le Hollandais
le drapeau
I'amiral {m.\
le lieu
la lieue
«
sauvage loild, savage.
I'animal (m. ) the animal, beast.
le tableau the picture, paint-
ing.
tJu newspaper. i»riac\ipa.l principal, chief,
the Dutchman, amusant amusing,
the banner, comiaencd (part. ) begu7i, commenced
the admiral, eragnd (partic.) won, gained,
the place, spot, la connaissance the acquairUance,
the league. knowledge.
Most Names o/ metals are masculine'.
A. 1. Oil sont vos deux chapeaux noirs ? 2, Combien de
chateaux y a-t-il dans ces lieux ?— II y a trois vieux chateaux.
3. II y a vingt lieues d'ici a Douvres. 4. Vos neveux ont-ils
finileurs travaux ?—Oui, et lis ont, commence leurs jeux. 5.
Quels sont les principaux metaux ?— L'or, I'argent, le fer, Je
cuivre, et I'^tain et le plomb. 6. Vos nieces ont-elles lu'les
journaux ? 7. Dans six mois les Hollandais auront fini ces
longs canaux. 8. Ces drapeaux sont bleus,
B. 1. (The) English horses are beautiful. 2. The Frendi
admirals have begun their labours. 3. Are not these metals^
very precious ? 4. The animals of these countries are wildr
5. These old castles are very high. 6. Your fine games are
very amusing. 7. Are not these fine pictures very precious ?
8. The English generals have won two battles.
■k'
\
36
PRRPOSITIONS—DR, X dWnS, EN
^^
26th Lesson. Vlngrt-siideme Le9on.
(1) de-(a) with Names of Tovms, Villages, etc. •— " ''"
J arave de Pans (d Aix). /come from Pari, (^ia-X^ .
T . r^ ^*"i Nami^ of Countries (see p. 9) :— •
La capitale de 1^ France. The Jpital at France.
Les rnarms de I'Angleterre. The m^Hmrs ot England.
(2) A with Names ot Localities {Towns, Villages, etc ) •-
Ello Z i u"}^ ^^ Orli^rx,).^ He is In Paris (at Orleans).
EUoestJlacamna^e Se is in the dmntry {not in town)
II va4Ians(4 6rlea„s). He is going to Pa?is {to OrS).
?rt del at^Vf h -^ ,^ith Nan.es of Co«n<ne, (generally without
article), after Verbs indicating residing {situated] in, or gmng to —
. ir-est en France He is in France "^ .
n™ ®° ^"e^^t*''-'-^- She is in England. - .
II va en France. jj, ^ ^^-^^ ^ jj^„^
(4) dans is generally used with the art. or a determin. adj —
II est dans ce pays. - He -is In this Country.
e ?ays*Se Q^«?^\* Suisse ^^".^i. leDTnenSSSl
xe pays de QaUes Wales, le Prince de Galles th^ Prince of Wales.
n 1 , J*" ^tes-vous?_Je suis de Coloine. 2. Oil est
Cologne ?--En Prusse. 3. Et ou est Ath^nel?_En ^rece
> Le Pnnce de Galles est revenu de I'lnde en Ingleteri^e. b
D od est votre maitre anglais ?-Il est de. dntorbdry. Q
L Empereur de Russie est-ifencore k Moscou ?-Won, il est en
^■ologne. 7. Nos amis sont en Suisse. 8. Dana juelle ville ?—
L?^ t\ ^' .^? "'* '^*"^ ^imbourg ?-En \Ecosse. 10.
Que le est la capitals de I'Autriche ?-Vienne. l\l Le Dane-
mark et le Portugal ne sont pas grands. \
B 1. la the King of Holland still in Amsterdar.
IS in Utrecht. 2. Where is your old pupil now ?-
Italy. 3. In what town of Italy ?— In Naples 4
ever been in Turkey ?-No, but I have be«n in Greece.
\ ?— No, he
-He is in
ave you
What
. . ^, . , •'. • — > ""^ ^ "«*vc ue«u m ijtreece. \&. what
\^^^^T^'^~^^^'^^^'^ ^- iByo^^aunt
Bie will be in Brussels. 8. Is not her father in Scotland ?\
.^v
USE OF DE AND 'k
27
27tli Lesson. Vingt-septieme Le9on.
Gejbrgea estwici.^
Jo parlo dfl Georges.
Cela vieut d© Georges.
Le livre^ de Georges.
Je paile d/ Georges.
Oeorge is here.
I speak of Oeorge. ~
That comes from Oeorge.
^eorge'a book.
gj speak to Oeorge
Un fils (un^ fille)e8t obeissant(e). A son (& daughter) is obedient
Jo mrle d'un fils ; d'une fille. / speak of a son {oia. daughter).
Cela vient fun ft s^; d'une fille. That comes from a son (tAm a d )
Lo devoir d'un -fils ; d'une fille. A son'a {daughter's) duty.
Je parle k u*i fils ; h une fillq. / speak to a son (to a doMghHf^^ ..
Monwonclf; ma tante. . TlAy uncle [my aunt).
Je parle demon..x)ncle; demat. I speak of my uncle (aunt).
Celavientdemons.x)ncle; demat.- That comes from my micle (aunt)
Le fils de rtionwonclo; de ma t. Afy uncle's {aunt's) son.
J6 parlo \k monwoncle; kvaai. I speak to my uncle {aunt).
1
A qui eat ce «hien ? —
II est iJGuiliaume.
A qui sont cos vergers ? —
lis sont k Monsieur L.
Whose is {to whovi belongs) this dogf—
It is William'B.
Whose are (or, to whom belong) these
orchards?— They are Mr. L.'s.
le chef-^jcBUvre* the masterpiece. I'^picier (wg the grocer
la chand SUe the candle. la com^dle the comedy, play.
leproprijt^lret<Aeo«;,ier. v6tu de clothed udth.
la m6na8(ei1e the menagerie, la peau de mouton the sheepskin.
lepupitre the desk. la maltresse the mistress
le grant ; .^^ the glove. , la chanson the song.
lesx^Jet^ t^ie subject. dequi? of{from)-whom?
t, mule. t Most Notins in -aire arc Masculine.
A. 1. L'ami de Georges u'est-il pas aussi votre ami ? Non,
il n'est. pas de mes amis. 2. A qui est cette chandelle ?— EUe
est k une de mes cousines. 3. A qui sont ces animaux sauvages ?
—A monsieur Bltvnc, propri^taire de la m^pagerie. 4. De qui
avez-vous regu ces beaux cadeaux ?— D'une niece de votre oncle."
5 Quels beaux chevaux ! A qui sontils?— lis sont k men
frfere Frdd^ric. 6. De qui avez-vous parM ?— J'ai parld de mes
caanaissances. 7. -GeJ^leau est un chef-d'oeuvre de Rapf ael.
B. 1. Where is Henry's book ?— It is in John'g^ desk. 2.
What is the subject of this song ?— A mother's love.( 3. Louis'
^gloves are whiter 4r-Henrietta'8 hats-are new. • -b. The natives^
of those countries were clothed with sheepskins, ' 6. Have you
read Shakspeare's plays ? 7. From whom hast thou received these '
new desks ?— From our master's friend. 8. Whose is this glove ?
t
28
USE OF DE WITH DEFINITE ARTICLE
28th Lesson. Vingt-huitieme 1^9011.
Rule 14.— De le are contracted into du ; and de les into
Singular. Plural. | Singular. Plural
Je mrl« H^ T^^^ ' ^J^ ^^^}^^^- The 7Hasler ; the masters.
Cela yient du maitre ; des maitres. That comes from the 7nmter(s\
Les hvres du maitre ; des maitres. The master'^ {ma^^^^o^ks"^-
JomrlP Jl'v?'?*V !f^^°<^"t«- Thec7«-M;theeMrfren. "^
i^e jeu de 1 enfant ;-de8 enfants. The child's (childreii'a) pLv
Thus:- ■ / "
de 1 hirondSUo ; des hirondelles. of the fallow (swallows).
La reine ; les reines.
Je parle de la reine ; des reines.
Cela vient de la reine ; des reines.
Le prix de la reine ; des reines.
rinventeur (m. ) the inventi^r.
,.1'imprimerie (/. ) the printing.
■■ la feuille tlic leaf, sheet {of jwpar).
corrige correctal.
le monde the world.
le Rhin the Rhine.
la rive, le bord 1 cAe bank, slwre,
le rivage / harder.
le nid {d mute) the nest.
la chauml^re the cottage.
The queenl; the queens.
I speak of the queen; of the qv^ns.
Tliat comes from the queen (queens).
The queen'B {queens') prize.
le jardin
lejardinier
I'arbre {m.)
le toit
le Sucre ,
le prix
cueilll
admirable
excellent
sous (prep. )
the garden.
the gardener.
the tree.
the roof.
the sugar.
the price, prize.
gathered.
admirable.
excellent.
under.
A. 1. Oil 8ont les g^n^raux du roi ?— A Vemilles. 2 I)e
qui^vez-vous parld ; du maitre ou -de la niaitresse ?-D.u maitre
3. Qm a cueilh les fruits du jardin ?_Le jardinier de la r^ne."
4. Victoria est le nom de la reine de I'Angleterre. 5. Qui a
corrig^ I'exercice de I'dleve ?-Le fils du maitre. 6. Qui fut
1 niventeur de I'lmprimerie ?-Un Allemand. 7. Les feuiUes des
arbres sent vertes. 6. Le fruit de I'arbre n'est pas encore Lt!
B. 1 The houses of the yjllage are very small. 2. Who is
ItrTTH ^t""') ' '■ '''^ '*"^« «^^^« I^h-« -e Idmi"
l^.. ! ^h efhi ldren's game s are amusing. 5. Thp hrnther'a
:^..; dsareyhM: e. ^^i ^^'Sal^itcor^^
th?rno77.. "'!." ^''"^- '• '^^'^ «^«"«-'« «««t is under
the roof of the cottage. 9. Is not the Queen's castle beautiful ?
*/
USE OF )l WITH THE DEFINITE ARTICLE
29
»/
29th Lesson. Vin^-neuviei^e Legon.
- Rule 1 5.~k le are CQ^Uracted into au ; 4*^ k les into aux :—
CAUTioN-In the Sin^fMiar, use- . In the PiaroZ, always
de ia • A la7 n f '^^'"^ ^Totw. ojiiu :— / §« , (an) mur (m.)
de r ; k V (TO. <e/) 6ef. Vows. & sil.h ■ i ^« }' (^ l>ne (m.)
(del' (A r)herbe (/.)
le concierge theporter. le charpentier
la mine the mine {looks). I'dditeur (m.)
lefermler the farmer. le brasseur^
I'ordre (m. )
le dlctionnalre .,.^ utciwnary.
la blanchisseuse the laundress.
le tonneau the cask.
les Ues de la. the Channel Is-
Manche lands,
remlsipart pert.) delivered. '
jusqu'4 (prep.) until, as far as.
le boucher
le mouton
le pare
la mort
le Japon
le Br^sil
rimp^ratrlce
le due
the butcher.
the sheep, mutton.
the park.
death.
Japan.
Brazil.
the empress.
the duke.
des, aux (m. £&/.):-
dea (auxVmurs.
des <aux) villes.
des (aux) Snes.
des (aux) herbes.
the carpenter,
the publisher,
the brewer,
the order. ,,,
the dictionary.
A. 1. A qui avez-vous remis la lettre du banquier ?— Au
converge. 2. A qui sont les mines du BresiU-EUes sont ^
lEmpereur. 3. A qui l'.5pici* a-t-il vendu le savon ?-A la
blanchisseuse. 4 A qui le fermi^r a-t-il vendu ces moutona ?-
Bedford" /% • ^^ ""V"' '' ^''' '^ ^«^^^^ '-^^ d»« de
iwl i. ,n' t^'' ,'^T''''^'''' ^' I'impdratrice furent fideles
jusqu h la mort. 7. Avez-vous rdpondu au niaitre ?-Non mais
nous avons rc5pondu k la maitresse. 8. Je parle au jardinC
K 1. To whom do these children belong ?-To the gardener.
2. Have you written to the laundress ?_ Yes, and I have
^lao^wntten^to the carpenters. 3. To whom do tW Zl
_a,j_^,_ ^ X rr-""^::"' ""- ■>• ^ wnom^do these raska
servants. 5 I have replied to-day to the publishers of Johnson's
W J T^t^r-r ,'• T" "^^"^ '^' '^' Channel Islanrbe^
long ?-To the English. 7. Whose are these beautiful pictures ]
30 NOUNS USED IN A PARTITIVE SENSE.
30th Lesson. Trenti^me Legon;
Rule 16.—// a Noun is taken in a partitive sense; that
ts, if a certain part, quantity, number, or fraction of a whole
i» to be expressed, du, de la, de 1', d^s must be used ■—
m. le papier,
' I'argent,
/. la toile,
I'huile,
Singular.
the paper,
the money.
the cloth,
the oU.
du papier,
de I'argent,
de la toile,
de I'iiuile,
Plural.
sorm {any) paper ; paper.*
soine {any) money; money,
silver,* »
some {any) cloth ; cloth*
some" {any) oil; oik,*' -
m. esciseaux, iJie scissors, des ciseaux, some {any)^d^^^ scissors.
/.les prunes, the plum^. des prunes, s<m^ {any) plurm ; ^um^.
lea oranges, thfi oranges, des oranges, some iany) oranges; ■orfm^es.
* Caution.— In English, samie and any are in many cases not
expressed ; bnt in French the 'Partitive AHicU is stricflyTenuiJel
before a Noun used in a Partitive sense :— .
WTuit is this-wine or. water? Qu'est-J;e que c'est-du via ou de I'eftu'j
fVe have ftieilds.
tJie vinegar,
the pepper,
the mustard,
tlie salad,
the glacier,
the slate.
la pomme de terr© potato.
la nouvelle the tiejps. '
le tlmb»e-po8te the postagc-slamp.
rAm^ricain . . the Ameripan.
le Russe ' tJieJiussian.
•d\£{couj.) or. , ou {adv.). ■w/u'fc.
Nous avons des amis.,
le vlnaigre
le poivre
la mbutarde
la salade
le grlacier
l'ardoi8e(/.)
-K 1. Ave2-vous du vinaigre, de Thuile; du poivr^,. et du
Bel ?— Oui, et nous avons aussi de la moutarde. 2. La Suisse
est-elle un pays int^ressant ?— Qui," il. y a des montagnes, des
lacs, des cascades, et des glaciers.". 3. IJans les montagiies du
pays de Galles il. y a du plomb, de I'dtain, et des ardoises. 4
Nous aurions mangtf du jambonet de la salade. 6. Nous avohs
r(i9u des nouveUes du theatre de la guerrQ. 6. Voici du papier de
1 encre, des crayons, et dee plumes. 7.' Voili des timbrPft-poste
B. 1. Shall we have coffee or tea ?— Tea and sugar. 2 Had
you any bread ?— Yes, bread and butter. 3. If we had money
we should have some wine, for we are thirsty. 4x If you were
hu ngry, shou l d j ou not havft hrpad
:and meat l~ L ilaa t fe^.:
, 1
waiter brought any beer ?— Yes, andghe has also brought some
water f6r you. 6. Are there any Englishmen in i>ari8?— Yest
and there are also Russians and Americans. 7. Heyo is butter
ie Teau?
-^»»=
■f- ".;
ADVERBS.qF QUANTITY AND NO^NSOF MEASVRH
' — — — . ■ ' '~ ft_; <,
31'
3l8t Lesson. Trente et uni^jxie Le99n *' ,
J"',., meggia. del or, some g»ld. *lu8 d,'or mm-f n^l^
asoie, the silk. e^^i^^cA^^somehk. Is8^ffi*>ie Sf 11 '
les chaises, <AecAatV.. des chaises, *omc cA«ir*. .trop^echSr
p , „, \., ■ too man'^ chairs.
/,/. ;S^^ ; "^ ^""T ^'"'*^ or ^«^^<t65 rfeno<i«5r a wisasitre or mian-'
tity, de o^(m« rntts< be used, instead o/du, de 1', de la, des :—
tropdelame, tog much wool, trop de verres ton^nTJlrAi^
^t^nrf* ^ "^ ^ ' ^'"^ ''^*'**- «io*ns de cerises, /cM^r cA«mc» '
not so much, pas tant de cor- '
«<%>. ■■ beilles,
wo M;ea;<A. pas de richesse^^
nomoneyatall.point d'amig,
a bit 0/ bread, une- douaaine
d'oeufs,
.» i^rsi^rT - Spte^* -^f'- c,^ *« >* «« '•• ■>») «Ar
«,'.^.«.u,e ,.^;:SK a^:iiSe°^"' ss»4xf .^^
A.,i; Voici un verre de vin et un morceau de froma-e
2. ^vej^vous d_u Bel ?-Non, je n'ai pas assez de sel. 3. A-t- i
des-^ Oui, il a beaucoup' d'amis, puisqu'il a de Tauten
4. Ont-ils ae l^rgent ?^Non, ils n'ont point d'argent. 5 Ce
sieu^ espoces de pommiere et de poiriers. 7. Y a-t-il de I'hufle ?
B. 1. Have you any friends ?-I have few friends, havi-np
lUt e money. 2. YoU naughty girl («,y-ina«ghty gfrl that yof
"^'^1''-^^^ P"t too much salt in tho^p j^V-H^-^j^^^^^^^^
pas tant de soupe,
pas^'richesse,
polnfli'arerent,
un morceau de
pain
notf so thany
baskets,
no riches, wealth,
not anyfriaids.
a dozen eggs.
•stf^> fi W T fiT^^ 'T' '"^ ^^'^^'- ^-There'is too much
jUgar. 6. We shall have a basket of cherrieB. 7. Here are a
dozen 8te^ pens. 8. Are there not many apples in her ol^ha^*
n^^
. T ■-
32
):
i£^
-4
COMjPARISON OF ADJECTIVES
Less6n.
m. s.
pi.
Treiite-deuxieme ' Le9on.
Superlattve. ,
le plus fort "V the
lea plus fort3 1 strongest
la plus forte [{the most
lea plus foftesj strong).
32d
Positive. , Comparative,
fort ■ ) plus fort ^ ,
1°'^ istrona P^^ forts [''iro^er
forte ( '^'^^'^- plus forte h "'"^^
;»^. fortes ) plus fortes j *'^^^)-
(fls^ Superiority —
U tern est plus grande que la y^ earth is larger than <A.
(6J Equality^ ' • '
Le chien est aussi grand que le^ The dog is as large as the
r* wolf.
(c) Inferiority — .
f'! w °'f *^^*^^°^^1*1"^ ^«/ ^'*« ««^^ ^ not so large (lit '
La terre est moins grande | soleil. { less great than) aX iii
be repe^^ed !- ^"P^^^***^« ^^ ^^''''^ "/-^^ the Noun, the Article must
[ Tliejin^t {most leautiful) sight.
la pr^voyance the foresight.
la Tamise the Thames.
le fleuve the river.
le noyer tlic walnut-tree.
dur /uird. grec Greek.
, A 1. L'argent n'esWl pas plus dur que I'or ?_Oui, mais le
nlL'^i-rj'^'T ^^" ^"' r ^'^'S'"*- 2- Quel est le m^tal le
de Europe ?-Le Mont Blanc. 4. (^uels sont les fl^ves les
plus longs de rAllemagne?-Le olnube et le Rhin 5
L Ara^nque est-flle aussi grande que I'AsJe ?— Non, mais elle
est plus grande que I'Afrique. 6. £nigme: Je bois (/ drink) du
vxn, quand jai de I'eau; quand je n'ai point d'eau, je bois de
r^u . !-Qui 8ui8-je ? 7. L'abeille est Tembl^me de Ldre du
travail et de la pr^voyance. '
B. 1. The Rhine is longer than the Thames. 2. Australia
IS not so large as Africa. 3. France is large, Germany is W
bu Ruasia is the largest country in (of) Europe. 4 (The)
Latin 18 leap difficult than (the) Greek. 5. Is (the) lead m
18 higher than Ihe pear-trea %7. The thirty-second exercise is
very easy ; the^ thirty-thiixl will be easier still. 8 But the
thirty-fourth wUl be the eaai^t. 9. I want more money.
Xe plus beau spectacle ; or,
liO spectacle le plus beaq.
l'Europe(/.) Europe.
I'Asle (/.) Asia.
I'Am^rique (/.) America.
I'AustraUe (/.) Australia.
l'abeille (/.) the bee.
n.-
^
F/RST CON/.^— VERBS ENDING IN -ER .-^RESENT
33
- 33d Lesson. Trente-troisieme Le9on,
rRINClPAL PARTS (see Table of Tenses, p. 53) :-
INFINITIVE:- donner / to give.
PARTICIPLE PRESENT.— donnant qivina
PARTICIPLE PERFECT.- donn^ given .
i'if^S^OT7iVDJC^2VF£(sing.):- je donne /«tW '
• PRETERITE (D6FIN1):- je donnai i^
Caution -Bear in mind that in French there is only one way of.
rendering the three English/orms to express the Present Tense --^
1 think, I cm thinking, I do think .•— Je pense.
INDiCA TIVE PRESENT. ^
Je donne / ^ti;e. 7 am' Doftne-je * ? DoIgivelAi^
gimng, etc. {Vst-ceqvLQieHonna'i) I giving t
tudonnes thou givest. donnes-tu ? dost thou give f
nlnin^^^ A«(«A.)srit^. donne-t-il (elle) ? does he (sh!) give f
. nousdonnons «;e ^im donnons-nous ? . do we Lei
n^vJr.^ ^*'°"^\ JT ^'>- donnez-vous ? rfo yoif «m /
lis (elles) donnent they give. donnent-ils (ell es) ? do they givef
Neg. Je ne donne ) I do not aive i r,^ r i ■ .
, . pa, i /a„,^S, Ne do„„e.je p.™. 5»/„':2S»
In donni-je, the final e is pronounced = i> (for the salce of euphoi^).
Conjugate like donner, the Present Int^icative of—
fermer to shui, close, chanter losing. K to find
chei-cher { ^ ff ' Manser to dam^e. ^rouver j ^^^.
parler to speak. honorer to A<^cmr/ Jouer Jo^y/
o^ ^ V ^^'"«^-^o"« la Porte ?— Non, nous fermons la fenfitre
2. Que cherches-tu ?— Je cherche men argent. 3. A-qui pensez-
voual— Nous pensons aux victimes de la guerre. 4; ParlenHls
Tfan§ai8 ?— Non, mais. ila parlent alleniand. 6. Parlez-vous
anglais ?— Oui, nous parlous anglais. 6. Tu aimes et tu honores
tes parents. 7. Comment trouvez-vous cette bi^re anglaise ?—
Nous trouvops cette bifere excellente. 8. Vous apportez du
savon et de lean chaude. 9. Pourquoi apportez-vous cette eau ?
—Pour lever les mains. 1 0. J'apporte du pain au pauvre enfant
B. 1 Do you speAk French ?— I do speak French. 2. Does
he speak to his friends? 3. What is he Ipoking [fori ?— He
18 l o oking [for], some soap. 4: T h e ch ildren, sing and d»nco.-
I .r°^, °"'' ^""^^^ ^- ^^« *^«y bringing the news-
papers ?— No, but they are bringing the French books. 7
Edward, gives this money to the poor. 8. Wliy do they brine
this soap and this hot2 w«teri 1—To (=/or).wa8h the children.
P
''•'"« ^^"nfes you gave.
34th Lesson. Trente-quatri^xne Le^on
> .(Formed in accordance with th. tIm ,^P"''^^^«I''« (Defini
• tudonnals thouM^Unq tM ""^ ^.'^«''«-
il(elIe)donnait U{she)wSSvL *S d^"^ ^Ao« ^«ve5^.
nousdonnion8t«;,^,4^-^vS^^- no„! ,1 °°? ^'^ ^«''«-
lis dounaient they were giving.
I'^tud^V.) ^Ael^iiy. contli?-!?"^ everyday. .
cut, mac?, done, ifen. lZStZTnt;''^%^'^'^^-^ '^^^'' «'A^S
A 1. A qui parlais-tu tout k I'heure ? T« .. i • ®'-^^-
libraire. 2. Pendant que je chantai«T« i ?^'^'''' *** ^^^''J"
nous ^tions 4 Boulogne nof 1.1 • V P^^"^*'^"*- 3. Quand
• nous pariames deTS"^'^^^ ^''ffier
joie. 6. Quand il ^taLmlade il ^ '^. J *""^y^'' " P^^^* de
Nous entrames sans frapper « ' a^*'""^'* continuellement. 7.
-Oui, quand nous SnV ', |^'^"«-7»« I'^tude du latin ?
chantons 10. Entrezdon. T " '"*^''"- ^- ^^^nsons et
, to their master. 2. What lZ.no T^ ^^""^ "^^^^ speaking
was speaking German 5 p^. ^^ '^'''' y?" ^P-^^king ?-i
Jnglish. 4.'That eSd-uL tfwr^ ''^*'^'" "«« «P-king
his niotherarrived,he wept 6 w7 ^^'7 ^^^- '• ^hef
^Whe. did he find CSithf^l^Z^r? ;L!!r S!^^^"
=^+ou8e without In(?cKr,^ Tlr^fcSr^^T^"^^
Wur our paints, ^ - "t,! s^d^' U/^!!^!:^^^^^
RFECT
>9on.
^et Us give.
'Hve ye.
■^t them give.
RITE (Defiiii).
p. 53.)
gave.
WW gavest.^
? gave. '■ ^ ,
c gave.
'M gave.
cy gave.
^d Igivei
did not give,
w, etc.
of-'
to weep, cry.
to tuish.
"ry day. .
itinually.
T-wing-room,.
''He, whilst.
louche, /y.
' aihfila'du
3« Quand
1 4. Hier
pletira de
ment. 7.
du latin ?
ansona et
I'araignde
nse in the
ind 5th ?
speaking
king ?— I
speaking
5. When
J o'clock.
i^^flf^^;^;^:^;^^^ CONDITIONAL
35
•ed (intbX
love and
the) flies.
35th Lesson. Trentelcinquifeme-IJI^cpon
FUTUR.E PRESENT. , (70^Z>/r/0^^^ p,,^,^^^
(Formed in accordance with Table of Tenses, p. 53. )
Je ^onnGfeA T shall give.
,-l fJ\ '^''""^^^ ;^w m7< give. ■
il ^1 e) donnera he (she) Ju give.
nous donneronq we shall give
vous donnerez you will give.
il3 donneront <% will give.
je donnerals I should give.
tu donneraia ^Aot* M;awW,.< aii-c.
il donneralt he{she)wouldgive.
n. donnerlons weshmldgive
y. donnerlez j/om wow/rf «i>e. .
lis ^oim^T&ient they ivould give
__„ wM,^ luuHui give.
.; fc>,a„ ,ife do„„3r_ fe Future ani Conditional of-
accompagner to accowmjti/. refuser /« ^.a^o
<lejeuner to breakfast^ ^a^vto 2^ * '^^^'"^•- ^^ «'^'->5^-
diner , . ■ ^ ' """'• '^"'^^^ ^^ ^«^^'<«. *«y-
r *ter - % iZ. ttZerflT' ? Y^^ «--^-
la station the staticm y^l^,l ^o dmre, wish (to)
■le rosslemol ^A. n^,A.,„,„,, 1*?'^?:^^^= '^ t^%f, '''''■
de ft l~i7,Ty!::rCaZ:'"'' '^'" ^ ^^ ^^*^- ^- ^^en^in
Quand li train aWra:;:if rV t""'''^^^ ^ "^"' ^«"^«' 3-
. 4. Resteront-ils id auloV^^i;;?, *"f ^^^^ ^^^« ""« demi-heure.
a- s.,,,.Snfi^:n::;:^^;--c^^^
.B, 1, We shall stay hero 9 w^ n
tomorrow. 3. Whm Lll^^ dtf," 7l ^'='" ^>' ^^^
4. Will he .cco„,pa„y y, brlXftn V s' w"."™,";
refuse that present r t =1, 11 ;^»"8 f 5. We should
lazy2 W Tw tuld J" ?l - * ^"'^^ ^^ book to tha. '
ne4? f YoJV^Su^h^^'"''? f " ^"^'^^^ ^'^ ('^e
9. Ve ,ou anr^ltinV^^^^^^^ f «) ti-.
■ ^rogs. 10. I should Itay Lre, iu'lZ^oLi^^^.^l ^^ ^^«
* .
36th Lesson. Trente-abdeme Leoon
PRESENT PEllPFPT I ^.
{PassilrldfJ:^^'^ fLUPEPFECT
i-'ormed (in accordance with Table, p. 53) with •:_
Pres. of avoir + Part. Peuk.
I have given ;
J' ai donn^ ;
til aa donn6 thou hast given.
"a donn^ he has given
eiie a donn^ she has given.
nous avons donn^ we hive given.
vous avez donn6 you have given.
ellesont S^^^^f^^'^''^^^---.
Impf. of avoir + Part. Perf.
/ had given ;
J'avais donn^-
1^1 avals Aorm6thouhadstgiven
ilavat Aonu6he had given. .
eUeavalt iloxm6 she had given.
nous avlons doim6 we had given
vous avez donn6 yozc hj giZi
Is avalent donnd <A.y Aarf ^-^^ '
^
n • .., - 'f-^""" J ^"-VK J. Twigiveni
C<^jugate Ulce donner, the Present Perfect and Pluperfect of-
"'^'"VXi rSJ'T^.^^ ^'"^^ ' '^^P— . to Jrui
lo K . » .Visiter, to mfrnWtompenser, to reward.
labouteiUe the bottle. le «iiAf
lepoisson Vie fish. UlW^^ the ticket, note.
lesangr the blood. 2JrIIZ^ . th^ pound ; {£).
lajoumde ths day, day's ^tparrne?f\ f^r"""^"
-onsieur,etArrunvert vtTeT '^ P-^-^-Oui.
pas ferni^ la porte ?_Parce qS avtt chaud TV" '"'^'"^
visited Ihe^Zct^'ttet "'^-^^ '-^^' ^"* ^^«^ ^^ve
boy ? 3. How much has^hl f '^ ^'"^'^ ^"^ ^^«^"«« *« the
ha. earned ninety ^undl 1 mv\T'^ in America ?-He
Because we had C hot \ ^^ ^ ^"'^ ^'''' '^^''y ?-
^5r^: 6. Had they not^old their WsT^r^^^^^P^P^^^^
a week . ( = .) ,,« ,,„,,,^ ^ ^ ^^^;- alt^^^^Zr'
.•i
/S£S
Q.
CT
'M).
KT, Pekf,
uhadstgiven
had given. .
f>^ given.
ho^ given.
'' had given.
/ had given.
^ had given.
aas donn^ ?
ot given !
•r/ect of —
to spend
t, note,
d; (£).
ly.
lught.
xt).
ere ? — A
?— Oui,
. Ont-ils
I'avait-il.
/onuiient
ide agre-
ris nion
ey have
to the
a?— He
rsty ? —
ght the
'spapeW^
e spent
ide.
F/RST COmt/d^'r/ON—COMPOUND TENSES
37
37th liesson. \ Trente-septieme Le9on.
FtTTUm: P^HrHijA I CONDITIONAL PURFUCT.
Fonned(iii accordaLe with TalJl^, p. 53) with :—
FUT.PRES.0faVOlr+,PAKT.rEL I C0ND.PRES.0fayoir + rAKT.PEUF.
/ shall-have given ;
y aurai donn^ ;
tu auras donri^ thou unit
il aura donn^ he unit
n. aurona donn^ we shall
y. aurez donn^ you will
ilaauront donn^ they will ,
s
-I
/ should-have given ;
J' aurals donn^';
tu aurals - donn^ thouwouldst
u auralt doxm6he would
I. aurions donn^we should
auriez donn^ vou icould
auraient donn4 they would J
i
}: ^
Conj^at, like donner, the Fntv.rij>h-f. and Conditimal Per/, of-
monmr, to ,A„„,. racoKer, to relate. ° '■
tojinish. unq\iart ^a^
to devour. se . . . ^ntre eux eaSiher,one
rouvraere (m. )
le voyagreur
le th^me
la brebis
achever P
d6vorer
11 arrive (impers. ) it happem. le lion \
the lion, [another.
A. 1. N'aurez-vous pas bient6t acheVe votre th^m» ? xr.
Quandyaurai ddjeund, je commencerai rnX^ouvrl^5 No^
aunons ^M (de) rester ici. 6. lis auraient ^dO/de IWnt
r Tlr I ^""""^ '^'"'^ ^ ^"'"^' ^"^« ^^ ^^«bi8 croqu^es.
; / .'n.^ '"'''' ^^^^ ^^^^'^^'^ these \letters. 2 When
we have ( = shall-have) finished these translutioL, we shall show
our work to our master. 3. I should have wiWdrfnli- T
two o'clock 4. He would be rich now i? hXd tied" t
this" oik:" rte r ^^'^ ^*^J\ '• ' "^"^^ ^«4 Cbienrcrlt
tins cake. 9. The lion would have devoured thd^ sheep.
38
POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS
38th Lesson. Trentje-hxiitieme Le$on.
Masculine
Feminine.
Singular.
le mien,
le tien,
le sien,
le notre,
le vOtre,
le leur,
Plural.
las miens ;
les tiens ;
les sicns ;
les notres ;
les v6trcs ;
les leurs :
mine.
thine*
his, hers, its.
ours.
yours.
theirs.
Angular.
la mienne,
la tienne,
la sienne,
la n6tre,
la votre,
la leur,
Plural.
les miennes.
les tiennes.
les siennes.
les nOtres.
les v6tres.
les leurSi
Son frfere et le sien.
Son pfere et le sien.
Sa mere et la sienne.
Mon neveu et le leur.
Ma niece et la leur.
Mes neveux (nieces) et les leurs.
Obs. 1. — Distinguish carefully between : —
ross. Adj. and Poss. Prohoun. Adj. Vd Pronoun.
Mon hvre et le tien My book and thine.
Ta plume et la sidnne Thy pen and his (hers).
Nos parents et les votres, etc. Onr parents a^id youre, etc.
Obs. 2. Possessive Pronouns,
r^ English^ agree in the 3d p. sing, in French, agree in all persons
yiit\\the,fie)iderk Number {mplur. with the Gender and NunTber of
• vnt\\ihGNumber)o{t\\eposscssor :~ the person or thing possessed :—
His (John's) sister and hers (Jane's). Sa sa3ur et la sienne ~
Her (Jane's) brother and his (John's).
His father and hers, k^
Her mother and his.
My nephew and theirs.
My niece and theirs.
My nephews (nieces) and <AaV5. ^^
06s. 3. De and k are contracted with le and les into du, au • des aux'^—
du mien, des miena, of mine; au mi en, aux miena, to nine, etc.
la errammaire the grammar. les cdseaux {m. ) the scissors
lesalaire the salary. s^rieux serious.
lamontre the watch. meiUeur (adj.) better
maman mamTna. est-ce 14 v- . . ? is that . . . ?
A. 1. Est-ce ]^-4t8$j« grammaire ?— Oui, c'est Ja mienne. 2.
Et ou est la sienne ?— La sienne est perdue. 3. J'ai re9u mon
salaire ; a-t-elle regu le sien ? 4. Tu as perdu ta montre, et
Jean a perdu la sienne. 5. Voici mes jeiix, ou sont les v6tres ?
6. La lettre de Charles est plus arausante que la mienne ; la
tienne est plus s^rieuse que la sienne. '7. Voa ciseaux sont
meilleurs que les leurs. 8. Nous pr^fdrons votre verger au notre.
B. 1. Is he not your friend, and are you not his ? 2. Is she
not your sister, and are you not hers ? 3. William has taken
, my pen, because he has lost hia 4. Florence has taken your lead-
oil, because she has leat he ra. 5. Th ey will BOon-have finishelT
their work, and you have not yet commenced yours. 6. We shall
have finished, ours, as soon as they have (Fnt) finished theirs.
^
PERSONAL PRONOUNS~A. CONJUNCTIVE
39
2.
{
39th Lesson. Trente-neuviemo Le9on.
Rule 18. — When the Object of a Verb is a Personal Pro-
noun, this Pronoun-Object must stand before the Verb :
Noun-OitJ. Pron.-ObJ.
Jo cherche ton fr6re. Je le cherche. I seek Mm
Jo chere le ta scBur. Je la cherche. I seek her'
Jo cherche tea amis. ^ - . Jo les cherche. - I seek them.
S. stands for Subject; D.O. tSi^Biicect Object; I.O. for Indirect Obj
Singular. i>- ».> •
1. S. Je donne. I give.
Z>.0^I1 me loue. He praises me.
/. 0. tA me donne. He gives to me.
2. Tujoues. HYxovi playcst.
11 te trompe. He deceives thee.
II te prete. ' He lends to%ee.
3. II commence. He begins.
On le lave. One washes him.
On lui parle. One speaks to him.
Bile travail le. She works.
On la cherche. One seeks her.
On lui repond. One replies to her
, Plural.
Nous donnons. We give.
II noiis loue. He praises v^.
11 nous donne. He gives to us.
Vous jouez. ' You play.
11 vous trompe. He deceives you.
11 vous prete. He lends to you.
lis commencent. They begin.
On les lave. One washes them.
On leur parle. One speaks to them.
Ellestravaillent. 'ThBy{f.)work.
On les cherche. One seeks them(/. )
Onleurrepond.OreerepZiestothem.
Before a vowel or sil. A, me = m' ; te=:f ; le, la=l' :— il m'aime.
• 2**'i-^ w?°'n^^*^ the Verb in the Active voice, often stands where
m English the Passive i? preferred :—
!o„«i 1o^ W:\ i^^^^l<^^ la8oiirl8,<Ac7noMse. lechat,<;t«ca<.
!=o,?i,i^^ ^ ,', \ whicMom ^ permission, thepermis^um, leave.
Diamer to blame. peut-6tre (adv ) verhant
remercier (de) to thankifcrr). Si^empi (adv.) Tlo^%m..
A. 1. Qui aime son pfere ?— L'enfant /'aime. 2 Qui
honore' sa mere ?— Sa fiUe Thonore. 3. Qui mange le pain 1
—L enfant le mange. 4. Et qui mange la souris?— Le chat
la mange. 5. Les enfants aiment leurs parents, et ils les
honorent. 6. Pourquoi m frappez-vous ?— Je ne vous frappe
pas. 7. Nous leur prgterons notre dictionnaire, et ils mm
preteront le leur. 8. Je vous remercie, ma chere maman. 9.
Je lui ai demand^ mon argent il y a longtemps.
B. 1. Who blames me .?— The master blames you. 2 "S^r
parents will reward you, if you work. 3. You will find him at
ho ni e . ^4^Where axe my spectacles^?--! seek tkm, eve^whem
5. Oh, perhaps you |vill find them on your npse. 6. Sh<
to him ' in ' (en) German, and he speaks to her in French. 7. We
5. Oh, perhaps you |viU find them on your npse. 6. She speaks
to him ' m ' (en) German, and he speaks to her in French. 7 We
shall ask ' them for permission ' (say—' to them i^e permission
y
40
■ ~ ~ — it^-
PERSONAL PRONOUNS— A. CONJUNCTIVE
40thf Lesson. Quaranti^me Le9on.
V^^Zll'^^li ^^ f""^ ^'•^'^' *^« Per8..Pron.-Object :-
7'j.^, I "_"«iue. Voua a-t-on donne ?
Theyha^l^t^^en^Z Ne vous a-t-on pas donfac ?
J ,^ 7wi given ym. Have they not given yml ,
jc) It the Verb is in the Imperative Affirmative, the Pew -Pron ■
Obj.stands aMtf^Verb; and me is chan^d into i^'Sto to""-
Affikmative. imperative. /Negative.
Accora'pagne«iol (noixs).
Accompany me (us).
Donne-mol. Gf^w to me.
Donnez-noxis. ffwe to us.
Frappe-le(les). Strikehim(theBi).
iJonne-lul. Cm to him (her).
Donnez-leur. Give to them.
Ne m'accom,^agne pas.
Do not Mcti^pany me.
Ne me don iife pas. Do not give mc
Ne nous doni^ez pas. 7?o notgiveus.
Ne le frappe-pAp. Do not strike him
Nelul donne pais. Do not give him.
NeleuFdennezp^. Don'tgivcthcm
quKter to leave. fuifnirar y., j • \
approuver to approve {of ) iSd to admire. \
d^larer toKlarc.^^' Sutdt "^ff
i , _ P'"^ ^^ sodner, earlier.
tro^pera p^uT '^TPf-^^^ j-^ui ikWa tromp^, niais il ne m.
irompera plus. 2. Regarde-wot .'—Eh bien, je vmts recarde
3. 1^ qumerez-vou8?-Non, nous ne les iuitteCs Xais"
4. Vos parents approuvent-ils votre conduit^ ?-roril8 Tan
fjr"j!'l z "^"^ — ou^4alare votre intention t^Ouil
^oC^^t,TZ "*'"'"" ^•^'-— OU8. ou ne .Set
vous pas ?--Je verm aime un pen. 7. Ne «t. taquine pas I
B. 1 Do you love hxm ?-No, I do not lovThia^ "^ 2. Whv
^ctionary to them. 9. Why do they deceivrur?" 10 We
s^U not give h,m our gmmmar. 1 1. Don't leave me 1
\
•^i^
^
\
^^/
PE/eSONAl. PHOiVOUNS—B. DISJUNCTIVE
41
C'est mol,
c'est toi,
c'est liii,
c'est elle,
It is I {tne).
it is thou (you).
it is be.
it is she.
41st Lesson. Quaraoite^et uniem© Ledon."^'
^''1>rl~^'^''''°*^^' ""^ ""' Ooi^unotive,.Personal
El^9XUi^B must be used :~ ov^^ai
(a) ^//!«r /^e Im^rsonal phrases / °'®*'*^' ;P'^talt, ce sera, (
C est nous, It is^e
c'est VX)U8, it is you
cesonteux, " it is they (m.)
^^... Ce n-est pas .oi. ^i^^j/. |SSp^l„,. ^t^L etc
(0) After all Prepositions — ""wt»/i«, eic.
(«) "'*«'' »teW%»;cm«(th. Verb Wngnndeistoodl —
chezmoi, at {my) home. che? noui. . / v ^
-Chez toi. ^% W chezJous^ «^ (P«r) Am..
Chez lui (elle), at {higher) home, chel InThUe.) S ^ J^"'
iar.e ts'"^- s^irr^s^sF*^^^*)-
Catherine Kate. atom Sv\ Jf" ('W'>r-«).
Carthage Carthage. «S^ bri^Ln^rt^^f ^^ ^'T^-
assurer ^ o^. .^r. S'Ca^tlr)!^.^^^^^
A. 1. De qui parlez-vous, de lui ou rf'g/fc ?— C'est de lui o„a
jeparle. 2. A qui pensez-vous done ?-Je pense d '« j^ 3 1?^
^^zvou3cesoin_re serai c^^, 4. ELl.;lS?-Non
CI**, u. A qui esc cet argent, a vous ou a p^if ? ti «»<.♦
^ «o^. 6 ^se-t. elle qui vous a Vacont^ cek ZoTeli:^!
fV f*™^* Carthago ?_Ce n'est pas moi, je voul f ^'^•
2. This rod IS for you, my dear Johnny !-I ianH yol^a'
Show me your paper. 4. Dc^ jou thinlc of me S I think
of he1^ 5 Arethey at home ?-No, but he is at homk ft
Tn Zl i"ii^.' ^ ^~Y^,^^ lf- 7. Shal l you rat ho. J
=.No, wo shall nul s l ay at4n^» ft Ttrt,^ t .^ -j^^ ™ %l
ah a ll not . U, at b^ue.-^.^^rE^ t":^-^^
that ?-_/ have{ = Itis I). 9. Who has broken theL glides'- hi
or she ?— Neither he nor she, it (ce) is the t J in xl^ J
ias drunk the milk, is it von'« tS! ^- ^"'^ ^^
"*^^ " " y?^ T— Not we, we assure you.
•^
.1'
42
PERSONAL PRONOUNS— EN
,1
42d Lesson. Quarante-deuxi^me Legon
/ V • XT. ®°' °"g^°*"y an -Adverb («A«7iee), is used t*-
'" in'sSln'^-^f'^ f^"' ^■^''^ ''' •^'•"^ '^^). that is-
in speaking of a place mentioned before •—
W 'in ....»„ o,./,,./,;^., J-l_-(— .g/-«-4-
for de+« /Vmm» standing for the name ot^thmgt:-
1. Parle-t-on de la n&tK 9 n„ *i. . - ,
(c) in t^e sense of sotm, any. (used as Pronouns), that is-
to denote a certain part of something mentioned befdre •-
les raisins).
Voici du Sucre,
/„\ """""" •—""'"i;e i-nai »ojn«, and anu. tnav be u
(a) Wore a Nonn (adjecHmUy) -.-Some wine?CT8DeHV
lb) insU^ 0/8 Noun (prono^inall^-AltX^^t
prenez-en. ^ ' •"'■"' ' ,"" '" '"K*'^^*-
•The words in parentheses are generally left out il ffn
spending to the.n in Fi^ch are strictlyreqillLi "*#
le papier buvard the bloUing jKtper. ircanton
e biscuit (I. sounded) the biscuit "^ 4oSer (de)
la probity <A.Aone,^y. /l^^l^t)^
English ; but words corre-
the canton,
to doubt.
. - ,. ^— r v-wy to pray, leg.
n \ ' ^^"^ ^^ ^* patience ?-Oui, jW ai un peu 2
><W«ft^«« 4. Je iCm ai pas besoin. 5. Si vous avo7 tmn
^argent, donnez-r,'.. un pen, je vous en prie. rVoici "S
his^^ e» desix^z-vousf-Dpnnez-m'm un tout petit mo^eau
7. Doutez-vous de sa probit^1_Non, je n'm dout^ pas.
a 1. Has he any friends ?- Yes, he has many. 2. How
Sf themfa 'S '"" '" Switzerland ?_There are twenty-two
(ot them) 3. Have you any German books?- Yes, I have
sever al (of t hem). 4. If he -- ' ' - ^
i j un
lictsU of money, heT6 Is some.
5. A^ you s^leing of the war ^-l^s, we^^^^^Sng :f'^^.
6. I have some bxscuit for you, if you wish any. 7. I do no
rvant ( = tmA) any; but my little b«,ther doe, (say-LV^^
'. »
J
I
PSk'k.
PERSONAL PRONOUNS — Y
'. »
43
'^
43d Lesson. Quarante-troisifeme 0^69011.
y, originally an Adverb (there), is us/ed : —
(a) in the sense of there, thither, that is —
in speaking of a place mentioned before : —
Est-il k Berlin ?— , Is he in Berlin ?—
Non, il n'y est plus ; ' No, he is not there * now ;
maia il y retournera'. but he will return tliere {thUJier).
(6) in the sense of to it, to them, etc. ; that is—
for k + a Pronoun standing for the name of a thing i:—
Repondrez-vous 4 sa lettre 7— Shall you reply to his letter ?—
Oui, j'y repondrai. Yes, I shall (reply to i<).t
Est-il resigne k son sort ?— Is he resigned to his fate t—
Oui, il y est resigne. Yes, he is (resigned to it).f
There, demonstrative adverb (pointing to a place), is rendered by
Ik (as here is ici) :— Put this book there I Mettez \k ce livre !
t Like de lul (p. 42)— & lui, k eux, k eUe(8) can only be used in
speaking of jiersons.
le fonds (fond) thefund(bottom).l'4it\i6iaD.t{m.) thestudeiU.
lecorTesiKmAB.Titthecorrespondent. retoiimer to return, go back.
la NouvelleOr- | ^^^ QrUans. contrlbuer (A) to contribute (to).
leans \ abandonner to abandon, forsake.
I'encrier (to.) the inkstand. peToh6(T^rtic.) perched.
Bonvent (adv.) often,frequentiy. y a-t-ilencore^ is there . . . left!
A. 1. Contribuerez-vous au fonds? — Non, je n'y contri-
buerai pas. 2. Votre correspondant est-il k la Nouvelle Orleans ?
— Non, il n'l/ eat plus. 3. ^ a-t-il encore de I'encre dans
rencrier ?— Non, 11 n'y en a plus. 4. Quarid on aime une chose,
on y pense * souvent, et on en parle avec plaisir. 5. Monsieur
voire pfere est-il k la maison 1 — II n'y est pas, mais "^ y sera ce
soir. 6. Depuis quand cet oiseau est-il Id, perch4 sur cet arbre ?
II y a longtemps qu'il y est. 7. Quand les chats n'y sent pas,
les souris dansent 8. Vous me demandez des oranges ; eh bien,
en voici !
B. 1. Does he contribute to the fund ? — Yes, he does (con- '
tribute to it). 2. Have these students been to Bonn? — Yes,
they have (been there). 3. Shall you return home 1 — Yes, I
shall (return thither). 4.^8 there any wine left in the bottle ?
— Yes, there is (some of it left). 5. WTiat (que) have you there ?
— Some biscuit. 6. Is Kate here ?— No, she is there. 7. If
-you love me, «b tjot forsakeige. ». I f I t<wre (CTnyerf. X in Parir,
I 8hould«tay there. 9. Do they think of him f 10. He thinks
of it.
ment
Not en, because penser, in this seni^, takes k before its comple-
44
DEMONSTRATIVE PRONQUNS
^'th Lesson. Quaraute-^u^teidme Lecon
those J
MonJivreetceluldeCharlea.
Ma pluine et e^Ue d«' Jean.
Wes hvres et ceux d'Alfred.
Mes nlumes et ceUes d'Albert!
^ Cheval est plus beau que
celulquej'ai^r^curie.
(6) That; ) .^
those ; / ^^«^< « complement:—
fplei^t:-^.;^ ceiu?,'celies:—
J/y ioo* aTid that o/CAar/« (Charles').
My pert ana that 0/ JbA» (JbA„'ir). ^
^/y6ooi,aMrfthp8ed/^//rerf(^;/;.jrf.,).
^y^m*a«/th68eo/^Z6«rl 4iLr4
I ha'^ m tJu stable.
|celTiJ.l&, celle-]^;..
m. pf. ces cadeaux-cl et^iSt iA S '"* ^^^ "?^ *^»t (one).
' /.P/. Oe8montagi^.cieSe8 lA ?Jf^^''^'^*.<A^re) anrf ^hose.
«- «• Oe jardinTet S!ul c^ ?llf rnounta^ {here) avd those.
W Thia +T, * °«*«l-cl- ThcUgarden{there)and^one eL
Ce Wci et celuM. [Sll.). JfllvtlVefeSS.^ |''
e).
oorsc.
ces deui robes (-Celled Lt„om IT '"' "T™"" W"^
pour voire cousin, i i •'^ ^ *" "?"' "'"*«' «' ^Spe-Ii
«« ba„,r.Tc"U trrr.^'rtri-i^/'^th
de Ceylan k celui du Brfsil s Of, P'^'^rons IeW«
iTought a dozen oranRes ?— Yes th!L „ ? ^ ^^ "^'
That ,8 very good for you. 7. WiUiam's leiters are moTamii
mg than Henry'a. 8. Don't you prefer this to that ?
/
''
-cl).
oorsc.
fr^re.
■« c-
RELATIVE PRONOUNS REFERRING TO PERSONS
45
45th Lesson. Quarante-oinquieme Leoon.
"moK. ' /em.
L'ami (amie) qui est fidele.
Kami (amie) que* j'estime.
Lami (amie) dontjo parte,
L'ami (amie) dbnt ramitid est
• chere.
L'ami (amie) b, qijl j'ai ^crit.
The friend who (that) is faithful.
Th^ friend whom I>steem.
The friend of whom / am speaking.
The friend whose love is dear.f ■
The friend to whoiSa I have written.
in Ue^sZ^tt^SuraL'-T' ''""' ^"^' «»-' ^^^^ - -^ both
Les amis (afniesy qui sont fideles.
Les amis ijiiM)' que* j'estime.
Les ami|a|) dont Pamitie nous est (Jhere.
t Notice that. In Sther^ th« tS./ jw ' ^°fV ^PPii^^e la probitA.
„• (3.) Never use que after PrepositioBs- '**""''<^- see p. 27.
/^'«»'PO'^qui;orpourIequel(/.iaquello).p?«r.le.iiluela(/le«qneU^^^ .
A. 1. Voici I'dcolier qui a remport^ le premier prix 2
Montm-moi les ^Ifeves gue vous re^mmandez. 3. Vok les
pauvres enf^ts dont lea parents ont ^t^ massacrds. 4 A out
• ?Z? . Lea auteurs ^n« vous avez lu lea ouvrages sent
me preteront leura outila. 7. Voici I'enfant d qui je Pai dgnn^'
«W11 a.:^ "!;," r ''''*^°' ""^^ '« ^y' ^^ ^h««« works we
St t!^ ^ '^ J' P^T"^- . ^ Shakspeare, wtoae tragedies a,^
80 interesting^s my favourite^ authori. 3. Of whom are they
fMffifurfriend tH^, to whom I will recommend you, if you
wi8ht<(le). 6. Nelson was a hero whoae deeds we admire. 6 The
soldiers of whom we were speaking are very merry. 7. Wallace
was a man whose deeds wero marvellous ^^
46 RELATIVE PRONOUNS REFERRING TO THINGS
46th Lesson. Quarante-sixieme Lecoiu,^
( qui est 1^. ,
Le billet 1 que je lis (qu'll Ht>.
La lettre 1 dont la lecture ni'amuse.
( dont je parle.
s. ■
Pl
The note, the letter—
which is there.
which I read (he reads),
the reading o/'w;AjcA.. . .-
M which I speak. '*'
The note to which
The letter to which
I
'reply.
m. Le billet auquel t '\
I /.-Les Uttre. auxQueUes J - Th.lette»X rtS I
and 06iec< (^cc.): The pen whicK yox, me.* La plume que vouaTraplom
sAqp, ^tm-e.
thi article,
merchant,
tradesman,
the street,
the beauty,
the source.
^ajoulssance
roccasion (/.)
compter (aur)
appr^der
attaoher
^trol^
mod^r^
in^pulsable
th£ enjoyments
the opportunity,
to rely (on),
to appreciate,
to attach, set, tic.
narrow,
moderate,
inexhaustible.
• la marchandise
le magrasin
l'article(j?i.)
le n^srociaht
le inaroliaod
♦ la rue
la beauts
la soiirpe
Mnt;J: ^^'''i' ^"^ marchandisea qui sont excellentes. 2
Montrez-moi les marchandises que vous recommandez. 3 Ce
ndgociantadesmarchandisesrfem^fep-ixestmod^rd. 4 Vo^
un dictionnaire dmt j'appr^cie beaucoup Pexactitnde. 5 II v a
dans ce maga8,n un article av^uet j'attache un giund prix. 6
Ce ibraire a des ouvrages au^ls j'ai contribud.^ 7. La nature'
dont nous admirons la beauts, est une source in^puisableTe
jomssances. 8. Qui m'aime, aime mon chlen. P"'^^^« ^«
Thpt I I^T '' u^l '^°P ""^'^^ y^" recommend to me ?_
There is the shop which is the best in (of) the town. 2 Here
Wet ^•^:^%«r-^^-h I -- «P-l^-g to>ou yesterday 3 1
have*^ good dictionary without which I never stu«Jy. 4 The
^""'w^i!! ""' '^^"tribute will soon be ready. 5. Y armouth
^fl »■ town th& fi^te of wltitfli are very narrow. erTUeTriend
orf whom I rely will not forsake me. 7. TJu^t is (o^estUhe
^ I
*u6 \
i
' '■—¥■
I
•reply.
SECOND CONJ.— VERBS ENDING IN -IR , 47
47th Lesson. Quarante-septieme l^qon.
' PRINCIPAL PARTS (see Table of Tenses, p. 63, and Coniue
■'■■; . ; , pp. 58, 59):— "' ^
INFINITIVE.—
PARTICIPLE PRESENT:—
PARTICIPLE PERFECT.—
INDICATIVE PRESENT (sing.):-
PRETERITE.—
Learn the
punir to punish.
^unissaut punishing.
puni punished.
pimls, -is, -it, I punish, etc.
punia, -is, -it ; -Imes, -Ites, -irent,
I punished, etc.
whole Indicative, Imjaetative,'^ and Conditional vj
punir (p. 68), and conjugate like it —
,iinir to finish. batir to build,
mav^liv to fill, fulJU. obeir(k) to obey.
noircir to blacken. reussir (a) to mcceed {in).
choisir to cJwose, seH^. ]o\ni {io) to enjoy.
salir
agir
cherir
to soil,
to act,
to cherish.
d^ob^issant
all vous plait
la conscience
le jugre
la decision
to protect. i
cautiously.
t^^boast.
to steal, rob; tofiy. .
to respect.
disobedient. prot^er
if you please. prudenunent
the consdoice. vanter
the judge. voler
the decision. respecter
A. 1. En le puuissant, vb^ avez rempli votre devoir. *.
Finissez-vous votre theme ?— Nous le finissons. 3. Poui^Soi
noircissez-vous tant de papier ? — Pour passer le temps. 4. Ces
^Ifeves remplissent-ils toujours leur devoir ? 5. Noiia batiraes
une maison neuve. 6. M'ob^irez-vons ou ne m'ob^irez-vous pas ?
7. Vous r^ussirez, si vous agissezplus prudemment. 8. lis
salissaient toujours leurs habits. 9. On finira biei^totce palaia.
10. lis r^ussiraient, s'ils travaillaient. 11. Choisi^z bien, s'fl
vous plait 12. Enigme: Je suis le chef de vingt-quatre eoldats :
sans moi Paris eerait ||is. 13. Donne du lait au pauvre qui
te demande de I'eau. '
B. 1. I was. finishing my work, when he entered the room.
2. They acted cautiously. 3. Fill our glasses, if you please ;
we are thirsty. 4. Obey (to) your parents. 6. Why do t&ey
not succeed ?— Because they do not fulfil their duty. 6. the
master punished the disobedient boys. 7. Cherish your par-
ents. 8. I n acting thus, they will succeed. 9. You would
TTKceea, ir ybif; Worked; ICr.lVhen shair you build a new
house ? — When we have ( = ahaU-have) money enough. 1 1. The
servant [of] whose honesty you boasted so much has robbed ma
12. (The) conscience is a judge Whose decisions we respect
f. \
4S __FIRST AND SECOND CONJUGATIONS.
COMPARED
INFINITIVK-—
PART. PRES^^
PART. PERF. ._
■ INDIC. PRES. .--
PRETERITE.—
48th Lessofi. Quarante-huitieme Legon.
verser topour/spiU. 2SS3^ otherwise, else.
ft-ais, ft-alche {/. ) fyesh „f ^^"''i^ • . . ne 1 iiotUng,
r^pllquer to reply, retort an.'.r.f ' ' ' . ^"''■'•^ J '"** anythina
leremdde the remedy. ia?o^2!w. ^^ ^omiful.
la cuUler (r sounded) < J woo,, *fl°^^f *? <A«/or/fc. ,
avoir mal 4 Testomic (c^^ e) to &!? /'^"^I^^^' ^"^ "^"-'^ *
qu'est-ce que ? or au'est o« m,^ . . ^^ stmtMch-ache.
^^^^^'•««y't'-esbea„co.,p'i„Fr;„ch.
En Parlanf:re:1grnt"ln "?"^ ''' ^'^'^- ^•
tmyaill^ xnon ami, vous serie/riche 9 M ''^.r. "^^^^'^
I'estomac !— Eh, bien » voiVi i.n i, ^a^nan, j'ai mal i
ler^es par jour.-Qu^Je ,nr .''r'"'"* ''"^^^« ' *r«i« <^"il-
I'huile de rkia-Je v'trremercir T' '"'"^ ™^^«"^« ^"^^
«^a.de IO.Voi.ne^Sr:l^rt;trC^^
3. You would -speakWd art . f •^.' *"^ ^"^«^ «* noou.
The, filled thei.^^^tl^\t}7:^,^ ^^W^'h ^««- ^- '
parents, and we cherishXtheih r tt „ ^® ^^'^^^f o«r
cautiously. 7. Fill he £; t„t d' } '"f^^^' ^^ ^« ^t«
^Sp^louder3>ulSA irrf^^ par^n^. 9:
thirst. n.HeLsr:ii4?.,S:^--e-^^^^^^^
THIRD CONJ.— VERBS ENDING IN -OIR
49
49th Lesson. Quarante neuvieme Legon.
PRIl^CIPAL PARTS (see Table pf Tenses, pp. 53 and 60) —
INFINITIVE:- recevolr, . to receive
PRESENT PARTICIPLE:- recevant 11 —
PARTICIPLE PERF.:- Je.T ' r S"'
PRETERITE:— reriM ii« V , i^ . ^ '^e'^e^^e etc.
re9UB, -ue, -ut ; / received, etc.
-limes, -iites, -iirent.
Xcam </k! whole Indicative, Imperative, and Conditional of
reoevoir (p. 60), and conjugate like it— ^ „ /
aporcevoir, ^oVrmw; concevoir, <oco>t<vm.
Caution.— The Eteposition on, sur, is >ot used in French before
names of days and dates : —
On the first of December. Le premier decemfere.
On Sundays. On Saturday next. Le dimanche. Samedi prochain.
i«t^ilii ■' '.,; , POU, Civil polite, Civil.
loi^^* ,. Aej'feflWMrc. . obllger , to oblige.
la livre sterUng tfie potind sterling, enfln (adv ) ' at last
La maJLle <A« trunk; box.. le (la) bienvenu(e) welcome '
recevblr dea nouvelles de, to hear from, peraonne ne sX \
O^^eTdT^^'^"'*::!!^- /^e--^^nne(obr)!SS^^:
Comment ditK>n ... en fran9^s? What is <A« Frhichflr . . ;
A. 1. Re9oi8-tu tea amis aujourd'hui ?— Non, je les recois'
^ vendredL 2. Aper§oit-il des fautes dans mon ^i^rcice ?—
Urn il en aper^oit plusieurs. 3. Recevez-les avec bont^ '
4. Quand recevmi-je enfin des nouvelles demon cousin en
Amdnque ?^La semaine prochaine. 5. N'aper9ute8-vou8 pas
qu d V0U8 trompait ? 6. E» recevant si bien mon ami, c'est mol
que vous obUgez. 7. Je vous recevrais \ ^ras ouverts.
B. 1, How many francs did you receive for a pound sterUng ?
-Twenty -five. 2. Do they perceive any mi.stakes ? 3.
When shall I ^t last receive a letter from you ?— You will re-
ceive one [on] Saturday. 4. We should receive him well, ifhe
were polite. 6. We conceived (de) great hopes. 6. 1 receive every
day letters from London. 7. You will receive money enough
forj^our journey. 8. He received me very well 9. Have you
• " .,- -■ — -•■^" '"«= vcxjr wcii. w. nave you
ir? ^r*i JT*™""^^-"^'^^ ™^^^^f^s^corfia:
10 1 should have received him with pleasure. 11. Sir, what
18 the French for ha ?-Perdu l-WeU then, sir, your trunk
18 perdu ! 1 2. If you bring me money, you are welcome I
so
ADJECTIVES WITH THREE ENDINGS
V
u.
Before & Conson.
lo beau jeu, I
60th Lesson
Masctdine Singular.
^i^^ '
Before a Vowel
or silent h.
Oinquantieme Le9on.
Feminine Singular.
le beUirbre ; la beUe flflur ;
le nouveau livre, h nouvel^n ;
lo vleux chat, le vieiloami ;
Thus also fou, fol ;
mou, mol ;
'.utiful,
tome.
fine, 6j
, ^ ha
la nouvelle anuee ; new.
la viellle tour ; old.
foUe; foolish, crazed.
molle ; soft, tender.
these aSS^StekeTnx Thl""^'"*""'^ ?** '^> '^'^^^- ^^-ral
Ics beaux^rbres ; ks belles fleurs ; les vieux^mis ; les Se7 ^^ •
les nouveaux^habits ; les iiouvelles modes, etc '
le secret
le rnllleu
la prairie
les troupes (/. )
I'entreprise (/!)
le chardon
le vieillard
la minute
lesAlpe8(/.)
la queue
the secret,
the middle.
. ihe meadow,
the troops,
the enterprise,
the thistle,
the old man.
the minute,
the Alps,
the tail.
plncer
franchir
tpt^iir
attaquer
esi>6rer
^grratigner
autrichien
pr^sde (prep.)
parml (prep.)
to pinch,
to cross,
to betray,
to attfick.
to hope,
to scratch.
Austrian,
near to.
among.
. ^^^"^^^T^^BXtl serves you right!
A. 1. Jin parlant ainsi, vous trahissez votre secret 2 Pp
neat pas en jouant ainsi que vous finir^z vos 1^1 3 Ne
p'l^":olJ- T^^,T:1^'. Poires et app,rtez-.oi les
lep.ietd.t.,uerlen;^^^^^^^ ^^Z^tZl^:^
the Ausir:^^^^^^^^^
ttas^e entexprise 3.^ I wear my old colevery df^ rTh^
t)y^in^n received the sid news this morning. I The eidener
iear to the d church. 7. These apples are not soft
fine castles ! 9. What [a] handsome man ! 10 Thei^
tt\^.! l?T''''n^^^^'*"g^^^^ finish it^
)ou nght : why do^ou always pinch huL to^ira,.,the) teuT
FOURTH com. — VERBS ENDING. IN -RE
SI
61st Lesson. Oinquante-et-unieme Legon,
PRINCIPAL PARTS (see Table of Tenses, pp. 63 and 62) ;
INFINITIVE:- vendre to sell,
PARTIC. PRES. .— vendant aelliTw:
PARTIC. PERF.:- ygndu sold , I
INDIC. PRES. (Mug.) i-yeudB, -a, —; I sell, etc. \
PRETERITE:- veudis, ^Is, -it; -lines, -Itea, -irent Isold, e\c.
Learn the whole Indicative., Imperative, and Conditional of
vendre (p. 62) and conjugate like it — ,
rendre torender, return (trims.) ditendrB to defpid, forbid. ^
• attendre to waU {for). entendre to hear, understand.
r^pondre to answer, reply. mettre, to put, to put on (part. mis).
la vaerue the wave, billow. la patrie the natrve c&rnUry.
laerare the railway terminus. Ib bom th^ halfpenny.
l'or8rue(m.) /A«(wgra»(/,inplur.) le pont the bridge.
la ch&taigme 1 , , lo bruit ' ' thenxnse.
le marron ] ^'^ '^*'""^- lechoBur(ch=k)<A«J, chair.
l'escaller(7n.)<Ac stairs. porter but to aim at.
l'6tafire(m.) the story, floor. abriter to shelter.
lahaghe thea^. rien du tout nothing at all.
1 orage (m.) ' me thundcrstoim. vaillamment gallantly.
la valine the valley, se (reliek. pron, ), himself, herself, itself, themselves.
A. 1. Combien vendez-vous ces raisins ? — Je lea vends un
franc la livre. 2. C'est bien cher pour la saison. 3. Entends-
tu le bruit des vagues ? — Non, je n'entends rien du tout. 4.
Nous descendtmes I'escalier du premier ^tage. ft. I^s Fran9ai8
d^fendirent vaillamment leur patrie. 6. Attendez-moi k la
gare. 7. Je vous attendrai dans la rue St Antoine. 8. Rends-
lui son argent, ij en a besoin. 9. Avec un «i, on mettrait Paris,
dans une bouteille. 10. Get animal est tres mdchant : qiiand
on I'dttaque, il se defend! 11. Ne porte pas la. hache sur
I'arbre qui t'a abrite pendant I'orage !
B. 1. How (combien) does he sell these chestnuts ? — He sells
them twelve a penny (say, two sous the dozen). 2. We shall defend
our native country. 3. Wait for us on the new^ bridge^. 4.
We waited half an hour and nobody arrived. 5. %d you hear
the new organ last^ Sunday^ ?— Yes, and we heard also the fine
choir. 6. Wha t did you ans wer (=^have you answered) to the
nrercbanti^I didTiotTeply tff him. ' 7. iDTydurhear the cats
on the roof ?— Yes, I hear them sing to the moon ! 8. At the
bottom of this beautiful valley there is a fine lake and an old
church.
^1
/
,(
' -x
■-\'--'.lK&^
5a
RECAPITULATION OF ALL CONJUGATIONS
-8, -
-la,
■it.
62d Lesson, Oinquante-deuxi^me Lenon
term6; batl • recevant , reudant.
ferm-e, -ee. -o • hAt la «<. «* ''^i rendu.
Mi ai, as. a bat-Is, -Is. -it ; re9-us, -ua. -ut ; rend-te.
Avoir maU la tSte ; to have the headache
Avoir ma aux dents ; to have the ZSZt'
1^ r^ ,., ?"■ ""^^ *"' y*"^ 5 <« A*'* «»•« ^y^^^
la position th^pdsitim, aoDeler / 77
lep^heur tKe^nner. 6^1 to wager, bet.
iM ,.^ powder.
ITmMcile (m. ) /A« mmpletm.
1 enneml (ffi. ) the enemy.
mlnult(m.) midnight.
Inventer to ww«<, contrive.
sec, sdche(/.) dry.
,^ ^ , . Carthage).
^tant (partic.) being.
A 1 r,„. • ne . . . que only, mthing but.
A. 1. Est-ce que vous attendrez jusqu'i minuit '/— Nnn ,'«
nattendrai qtie jusqu'd onze heures et un q,S 2 t.T'''
cadet Dans deux ans,' r^ponditX^. nous Berons du nS
uonvery weu 2. What {que) did the fox reply to the w^f ?
and he has the toothache ft Tri 1, 1 \ ^tonaach-ache,
fl.n inoo TOOtnacne. 8. He has always the toothache when
On me donnera, je gage,
Du do8 d'un dodu dindon !
'.'£■41...
..as
•>**.
FdnMATION OF TENSES.
P«.3-«T"^**t-\^',';^ ^' " ^"*=«««^ ^ t^o^ the Principal
Parts, from which all other tenses are derived :_ V'
(1) Infinitive; (2) Pa
(4) Present I
I. From the
INFINITIVE
1. donner
2. punir
3. recev(ol)r*
4. vendre,
are formed —
(o) the FUTURE
PRESENT, f
by adding to the
Infinitive —
1. -id, -ons
i -ai, -ez
3. -a, -ont
(6) the CONDIT.
PRESENT, i
PAg^K
'nwcat.
ic. • Present ; (3) Partic. Perfect •
sing.; (5) the Preterite.
II. From the
PABTIO. PRES.
donn -ant
punlss-ant V
[recev-ant]
vend -ant,
are formed —
(a) the IN DIG AT.
PRES. (plural)
by changing -ant
into — »
by adding to the
Infinitive —
!• -ais, -ions
2. -ais, -iez
3. -alt, -alent
t Inthe'Sd Conj.
-oi-, and in the
4th Conj. -e, of
the Inflnitive, are
dropped :—
recev(oi)r: recevr^i,
recevr-ais, etc.
vendr(e): vendr-ai,
vendr-ais, etc,
^ * The 3d (JoiJ. is
irregular.
-ons
-ez
•ent
(6) the INDICAT.
IMPF.
by changing -ant
into —
-ais, -Ions
-ais, -Iez
-alt, -alent
(c) the SUBJ. PRES.
by changing -ant
into —
-e, -ions
-es, -Iez
-e, -ent
III. From the
INDia PRES
donn-e, -ee, -e
pun -Is, -Is, -It
re9-ols, -pis, -olt
vend -8, -s, --,
is formed —
the IMPERATIVE
(sing.)
bydroppingpers.
pron. —
In Ist Coiv). 8 is
dropped. The Im-
perat. plur. is like
the India, Pres. pi.
(II. a) less Pers.
Pron.
IV. From the
PftBTEBITB
donn-as '^
pun -is
re9 -us
vend -Is,
is formed — '
the SUBJ. IMPF.
hy changing s of
2d p. sing, into—
■sse, -sslons
■sses, -sslez
■t, -Bsont.
V. From the PARTIC. PERFECT
donn^
punl
re9u
vendu.
are formed — '
(a) all COMPOUND TENSES (w4th
avoir or Stre):—
j'ai, j'avais, I donn^, re9u,
J eus, etc. ( ptmi, vendu, etc.
jesuis, j'etais, |iBront6, descen-
je fus, etc. J du, parti, etc
n. sommes \ mont^, descen-
n. etions jdus, partis, etc.
(h).the whole PASSIVE VOICK (with
je sais tromp^, punl, re9n, at-
tendu, etc
n, sommea tromp^ punls, re^us,
attendus. etc
:*: .1/ V^W^I''",
54
A UXIUAR Y VERBS— A VOIR
Infinitive: pnES.—i
Participle: pnES.
avoir tofiave.
-ayant ha/bing.
Indicative.
Present.
I have, etc.
J' al
tu aa
il a
nous avons
vons avez
ils ont .
PBRF^—ttvoiren, to have had;
PESF.—evi, had.
Subjunctive.
Imperfect.
/ had, was having, etc
j' avals
tu avais
il avalt
nous avlons
vous avlez
ils avalent
Preterite.
I had, etc.
j' eua
tu eua
11 eut
nous efkmes
vous elites
ils eurent
Present.
(that) I may have, etc.
(que) j' ale
tu ales
il alt
nous ayons
vous ayez
ils alent
Imx>eratlve.
ale
ayons
ayez
have {thou)
let us have
have (ye)
Future Present.
/ shall have, etc.
j' aural
tu auras
il aura
nous aurons
vons aurez
ils auront
Imperfect.
/ might have, etc.
(que) j' eusse
tu eusses
il eat
nous eusslons
vous eusslez
ils eussent
Pres. Perfect.
I have had, etc.
j' al eu
Pluper. & Anterior.
►| I had had, etc.
avals eu
eus eu
Future Perf.
/shall hare had, etc.
j' %VLrai eu
Perfect.
I may have had, etc.
(<l«e)j'aleeu
.§■
—
":..->. 4
„A„>\ <i-
1
I
Conditional Pres.
1
W"f
A
I should have, etc.
j'aui^ls
f
1
ta aurals
il auralt
nous aurlohs
*
1
\
vous aurlez
ils axiralent
"
n
I --
Pluperfect.
/ might have had, etc.
(que) j' eusse eu
.£m
Conditional Pbbf.
/should have had, etc
J' a«iral»eu
Is)
-Mr
'X
we had;
ve.
Qhou)
I have
*KES.
etc.
ER7.
I, etc.
a
AUXILIARY VERBS—^TjiE
55
Infinitive:- i./ji5s._6tre to ic. PBTif.-avolr ^t^. <o A«i^ 6«^
^»^^^noiin^E^J^.~^te,nt being. PERF.-4t6, been.
Indicative.
Prksest.
lam, etc.
jo suie
tU 68
11 est
nous Bommes
vous dtes
ils sont
SutjUnctlve.
Imperfect.
/ was, used to be, etc,
j' ^taia
tu ^tals
il ^tait
nous ^tions
vous ^tiez
ils ^talent
rKETKRlTE.
I was, etc.
je fu8
tu fkis
11 Alt
nous tCaaea
vous fates
ils fUrent
Present.
(that) I may be, etc.
(<luo)je sols
tu sols
11 Bolt
nous soyons
vous soyez
ils Solent
Future Present.
/ shall be, etc.
je serai
tu seras
11 sera
nous serons
vous serez .
lis seront
f.A^ .
(that) I night be, etc
(que)je ftisse
tu ftisses
11 fat
nous fusslons
vous fkisslez
lis fUssent
,^
^^"^-
Pres, Perfect.
I have been, etc.
j'ai^t^
-ELCjg a. & A?rrBRroR:
/ had been, etc.
j'avais 6t4
4t6
Perfect.
/ may have been, etc.
j'aie ^t6
Conditional Pres.
/ should be, etc.
je serais
ft tu serais
11 serait
nous serions
vous seriez
lis seraient
j'eus
Future I*erf.
I shall have been, etc.
j'aurai^t^
PtUTERFECTr'^^^
{that) Imight have been.
(que) j'eusse ^t4 '
l^S
Conditional Perf.
IshotUd have been.
J'aurais 6ii6
■f't''-
S6
REGULAR VERBS—I. SIMPLE TENSES
FIRST CONJUGATION. .
SCr;. Z'-i'""'' '" ^^■"- ^^^^— oirdonn^^o W,....
1 AKTiciPLE : P.RES. — donnant giving. PERF. — donn4
Indicative.
o
■d
I
I
® r
Present.
I give, lam giving, etc,
je donne
tu donues
11 donne
nous donnons
vous donnez
ils donnent
Imperfect.
I was giving, etc.
je donnais
tu donnais
11 donnai€
nous donniona
vous donniez
ils donnaient
— «r
Preterite.
. I gave, etc.
je d«nnal
tu donnas
11 donna
nous donn&mes
vous donn&tes
Us donndrent
Present. "
(that) I may give, etc.
(que)je donne
tu donnes
11 donne
nous donnions
vous donniez
ils donnent
donne give (thou)
donnons letusgive
donnez give [ye)
Future Present,
I shall give, etc.
je donnerai
tu donneras
11 donnera
Jious jdoffi a e ro n a ^-^
Imperfect.
(that) Imight give, etc.
(que)je donnasse
tu donnassdi
11 doniiftt
nous douBMsions
vous donnassiez
ils donuaasent
^
fi;
vous donnerez
ils donneronjL
Conditional
Present.
I should give, etc.
je donnerais
tu donnerais
il donneratt
nous donnerions ^
vous donneriez
lis donueraient
T~»-
have given,
ven.
%.
tlve.
five {thou)
let us give
give (ye)
ii>
3nal
NT.
ve, etc.
srais
;rai8
REGULAR VERBS~I. COMPOUND TENSES
57
-4-
FIRST CONJUGATION.
COMPOUND TENSES, formed with the Auxil. Verb-
e.voiTtohave + PARTIC. PERF. donn6 given.
«
Indicative,
PllESENT PeRF.
I have given (6ec^ giving).
j' ai donne
tu as donn^
il a " donne
nous avons donne
vous avez donne
ils ont donne
Subjunctive.
Plupebfect.
Ihad •
given, eta
j' avals
donne
tu avals
donne
il avalt
donne
nous avlons
donne
vous avlez
donn6
ils avalent donne
Perfect.
(<ia^) / may have given, etc.
(que)j' ale donne
tu ales donne
il alt donne
nous ayons donne
vous ayez donne
ils aient donne .
Past Anterior,
Ihad
J eus
tu eus
il eut
given, etc.
donne
donne
donnti
nous eOines donne
vous sates donne
ils eureut donne
eralt "
irlons 4l
rlez
iralent
Future Perf,
/ shall have
j' aural
given, etc.
donni^
— tu «tirsB donnS^
il aura donne
nous aurons donn6
vous aurefl donni
ils.Auront donn^
Pluperfect.
{that) I might have given, etc.
(que)j' eusse donne
tu eusses donne
il eAt donne
nous eusslons donne -
vous eusslez donn6
.ils eussent donne
Conditional Pit^F.
/ should hflve' giveh^tc.
JlflHrals
tu aurais
il auralt
nous aurlons
vous aurless „„.„.„
ils auraient donn4
d6nn^
donnt^
donn^
donn^
..>
58
M
REGULAR VERBS— II. SIMPLE TENSES
SECOND CONJUGATION.
Mxx^ rP..^_p„nir, u>punUK. PAST-ayoir ^ to k^
Indicative.
43
a
c3
■
to
S
a
a
<^
Present.
I punish, I am punish-
ing.
je puiiis
tu punis
il punit
110U8 punissons
vous punissez
ils punissent
L
Imperfect.
I was punishing, etc.
je punlssals
tu punlssais
il punissait
nous punissions
vous ptmissiez
ils punlaaaient
Sutjjunctive.
Present.
(that) I may punish,
etc.
(que) je punlsse
tu punisses
il puuisse
nous punissions
vous pnnissiez
ils punissent
Imperative.
^wiiapunish{th(m)
{punish
punissons let us
l\xu\sB6zpunish{ye)
Preterite.
Ipunished, etc.
je punis
tu punis
il punit
nous punlofies
vous punltes
ils punii^nt
^^
Put. Prea., etc.
*" 7 shall punish.
je punirai
tu puniras
il puhira
Imperf. (Preterite).
\{that)Imightpunish,iitc.
(que) je punisse
tu punisses
il punit
nous punissions
vous punissiez
ils punissent
=nouB"
punirons
vous punirez
ils puniront
Condlt. Prbs.
\lshouldpunish, etc.
je punirals
tu punirals
JlpvtniraUL-
nous punirions
vous puniriez
ils puniraient
,VV
ni to have
lished.
mished.
native.
iish{th<yu)
[punish
18 let us
mnisU.ye)
Prks.
iwA,etc.
traia
irals
REGULAR VERBS — COMPOUND TENSES
59
SECOI^ CONJUGATION.
^
#,.
COMPOUND TENSES, formed with theAuxil, Verb-
avoir to have + PARTIC. PERFyj?^ punished.
Indicative.
Present Pekf.
/ have punished, etc.
j' ai puni
puni
puni
noua svons puni
V0U3 avez puni
ils ont puni
Subjunctive.
a
tu as
il a
Pluperfect.
I had punished, etc.
Perfect.
{thafffmay have punished, etc.
(que) j" aie puni
tu aies puni
il iBt puni
nous ayooiL puni
vous ayez"^pnni
ils aient i)uni
j' avals
tu avals
il avalt
nous avlons
vous avlez
puni
puni
puni
puni
puni
ils avaient puni
Past Anterior.
I had punished, etc.
j' eus puni
tu eus puni
il eut puni
nous eOmes puni
vous eates puni
ils eurent puni
1.
Future Perf.
I shall have punished, etc.
J' ^urai puni
xu aufas pwit-
il aura puni
nous aurons puni
vous aurez puni
\\b (luront puni
Pluperfect.
f<
{that) lyiight have punished, et*.
(que)j' eusse puni
tu eusses puni
il ettt puni
nous suasions puni
vous «ussiez puni
ils eussent puni
Conditional Perf.
I should have punished, etc.
j' aurala juni
irlons
rlez
ralent
"tTTlLttrate
il auralt
puni
puni
nous aurlons puni
vous aiiriez puni
ils auraient puni
^^
A ., ^
*^-
60
'^_____ff^^^ y^l^BS~m. SIMPLE TENSES
THIRD 'CONJUGATION. '
<? v*F wr«c«»«fc i^-iST— avoir reju, to Aav«
^ received.
^ARTic. : i>iJ£S.-recevant reeeivin§y PAST-regn
received.
^
Indicative.
«#
Present.
I receive, lam receiving, etc
je re9ois
tu re9ois
il rejoit
nous recevons
vous recevez
ils refoivent
Subjvinctlve.
Imperative.
If
1:
I
^
l^
Imperfect./
Iw(M r^ivingr; etc.
je recerais
tu recevais
il recevalt
nous recevlons
vous recevlez
ils recevalent
Present.
(that) I may receive, etc,
(que)je re^oive*
tu re9oives
il re9oive
nous recevlons
vous recevlez
ils re9oivent
Obg. From the third
' person ftlural of the Pres.
ludicative.
ni(pisreceive(thou)
[receive
recevons let m
recevez receive {ye)
Preterite.
I received, etc.
je refus
tu re9us
il re9ut
nous re9<lmes
vous re9i:ite8
ils re9urent
Fut. Pres.
I shall receive, etc
je recevral
tu recevras
il recevra
Imperfect.
(that) TmigMreceive,etc
(que)J6 rejusse
tu re9usses
il re9Tlt
nous re9US8lons
vous re9U8slez
ils rcfussent
aoas rwevnas
vous recevrez
lis recevTont
Condlt. Pres.
Ishouldreceive, etc.
je recevrals
tu recevnds
' 1 r e ccTi a it ^
nous recevrlons
voua recevrlez
ils recevraient
■«:§e%;*,»,.ft.
,^-
to have
received,
received.
:«tlv(
iive(thou)
[receive
let u^
Keive (ye)
i'EES.
Ive, etc.
Tals
'rais
rions
riez
"alent
REGULAR VERBS— III.' COMPOUND TENSES 6i
—:r i-*^ . ._
11
, THIRD CONJUGATION.
COMPOUND TENSEa, formed with the Auxil. Verb-
• avoir to have + PARTlC. perf. repu received.
Indicative.
Phesent Perf.
/ have received, etc.
j' ai re9u
tu as re9u
il a re5u
nous avons refu
vous avez re9U
ils ont re9U
Subjxinctive.
Perfect.'
{thai) I Tnay have received, etc
(q«e)j' aie reyu
tu ales re9u
il ttit re9u
nous ayons re9u
vous ayez re9u
ils aient re9u
Pluperfect.
/ had received^ etc.
J' avals
tu ^vais
11 avalt
nons avlons
vons avlez
re9U
re9u
re9u
re9u
re9u
ils avaient re9u
Past Anterior.
I had received, etc.
j' eus re9u
tu eus re9u
il eut re9U
nous eOmes re9u
vous etltes re9u
ils eurent re9u
\
^Sfe^ERFECT.
Future Perf.
I shall have received, etc.
j' auttti recu
tlL ^
{that) I might have received, etc.
(que)j' euBse *"re9U
tu eussea rMli<^
il etltv r^
nous etii^ons re9u '
vous eussiez re9u
i^a etissent re9u ' -
au ra q rs gfe
H aura re9u
noQs aurons re9u
vous aurez re9u
ils auront re9o
Ciondltional Peef.
/ should have received, etc.
j' aurais refi^
il
aurais
auralt
TB^U^
re9u
nous aurions r6fu
vous auriez r»9u
ils auraient ttqu
■'il'Mi^A%t.^
-, f
t..._L^ff^^^^^
?**■ ■■*»■,■> -.I
-veridre, to sell. ' i^J^atoi vefai, ''^ /^jk ^Z'
" ' ' \ ^- ' — ^
^ # Imperative. '
:§
* -SfcTrt^ jio^ ending
tn d, t, or c te>tc *Ac
l^erson-inflectimi '-tyas
romi>.)K>, to break]
n romp-t, he breaks ;
but — ',
attend-re.tott^aj^/
11 attend, he VMits,
fti ^'5iliaai;aB«fwgr, etc.
Vvendals
Fvendais
P' n "Kendalt
nous 7endlons
I vouff vendlez
^^^^4. iJ« vendalent
-^ T . » -—
vends 1 sell thou
vendbnisi Zg^ ?« seZZ
vendea \ sell {ye)
Preterite. [ Imperfect.
ielSdIa" ,^'/^'V.^'9htsell,,u.
t., 3!?^ ^ ^l"*"^ J« vendlsse
III vendlt ij vgndlt
« 3,^J"«« nous vendlssions
veHvendltea | vous vendlssler
il? vendlrent
% r Future Pkesent.
^- I shall sell, etc.
1» je veiidral
*^ } tu vendras
^ il vendra
I
nous vendrbna;'
vous vendrez^
^ ils vondront
lis vendjasent
Conditional
I should sill, etc.
V je vendrals
tu Tendr als
— — il vendi-alt" <«m
nous Vendiions ^i
vous vendriez
il8 ve«dr«^^|H;
V
-A REGULAR VERBS-^IV, COMPOUND TENSES
6^
FOURTH CONJUGATION.
i^^ COAfPo IWD TENSES, formed with the Auxil. Verb-
is ■ »!^ '^i • avoir to kave+PARTlc. perf. vendu sold.
— %-
Indicative.
Present Perf.
/ ^ Aaw solk, etc.
j' al vendu
ta as vendu
il a vendu
nous avona vendu
vous avez vendu
ils ont vendu
SutsJunctive.
Perfect.
{that) I may have ao^, etc.
(que) j" ale v^du
t'U ales < vendu
il alt vendu
nous ayons vendu
vous ayez vendu
ils alent veman
'^_-
Pluperfect.
I had
y avals
tu avals
il avalt
nous avlons
vous avlez
sold, etc.
^endu
vendu
TOBdu
tendu
Vendu
#*
ils avalent vendu
Past Anterior.
I had sold, etc
j' eus vendu
tu eus vendu
' ileut vendu
nous eilkmes vendu
vous etltes vendu
ils eurent venjir
•^■^
*'
n
>%-
Futtteb Perf.
Ishallhme sold, etc.
j'.auni vendu
Pluperfect.
{that) I might have sold, etc.
(que)j' eusae vendu
*|i JgiiJSw vendu
- pi lift r-* vendu
nous eusslli^yendu
vous (Itassi^z Vendu
ils eusaent vendu -
f , :■?
il aura vendu
nous aurona vendu
•vous aurez rendu
ils aiuont yeitdu
^ Conditional
I should have
aurais
Perf.
sold, etc.
f n aurala
il aurait
nous auriona
vous aurlez
ils auraieoit
...a.-
' vendu
vendq^.,
venduF-
vendi^
vendu .
"^
*^
.#
. ^
J
VOCABULARY..
FRENCH-ENGLISH.
^
-^^r:s^tr:/r-;::r5t-s-
a, has (5, and p. 64),
»! to, at,ein (26; 29). '
abandonn0r, to abandon.
iabrlcot, m., apricot^
* cause dQ, on account of.
at^mpaarner, to accompany,
acheter, to buy; achet^, bought
B^hever. to finish. ,
actlf, -ve, active.
I'affelre, f.', , affair.
I'A^que, f., ^/rica.
^ 'I'Age, m. (22), age. ,
agrlr, <o ac«.
I'agmeau, m., lamb.
f^?^?®' '^^^«'*^«. pleasant, n
..»frfB.t\em&nt, pleasantly.
^ ai (5, and p. 54).
• ^^^^r{^).toasnst,help. '
aie (2, and^. 54).
^6,-^{U),eldeT,elLt. ^
atasl, thvji, so, in this Tnanner.
.r:t^^°^'^^^>alhome. K
lAUemaeme, f., GTermanw.
aUemand, -e, Gtrman.
^^^na, -B, the German.
alora (41), then.
I'Ame^f., soul.
amen^ (partic). Jro«^A<, Zerf.
amener to bring (amduct).
I'amlral, m., admiral.
\'P'riaiti6,f., friendship.
I amour, ni. (iniP^Mr. is/m.), /ow
^amusant. -e, amtmW '^\ '
an, m. , ann^, f. (22), yeaf^
anden, -ne, ancient.
lAne, m., ojts, rfonXew.
anfflals, -e, English.
JAngrlais, Englishman.
1 4nfi:lal8e, Englishwoinan.
1 Angleterre, f., ^n^^a^.
^^^al,m., animal, beast.
aoAt, ra. (pron.r^oii), ^m^iw^
l^JT^"}' ^^^' ^n^ope^ve.
a-ppeler, to call.
app<*t^, brought {carried)
apporter, to bring (carry) '
appr^ler, to appreciate . '
apprls'(partic.), fcam<.
approttver, to approve iof)
A pr^eijit, now.
a qui.p (27), y^hose t
1 araifimde, f„ jpia«»-.
I'arbl-e, m., tree.
I'ardolse, f., sfefe.
f
1 Am^rlque, f., ^wwrica. ,
laml,m., ramie, f.,/rtend.
\
I arme, f ar^. weapon.
larmde, f., army,
arriver, to arrive.
\
''W
FRENCH-ENGLISH VOCABULARY
6S
as, hast (5, and p. 54).
I'Asle, f., ^*ia.
-assez (31), enough.
aaslster, to assist, help.
assurer, to assure. ^
attacher, tie, attach, to set.
attaquer, to attack.
attendre, to expect, to wait {for).
attendu, (partic), waii£d {for),
expected.
attentif, -v&f attentive.
a^jou^d'hul, to-day.
au molns, at least.
auquel (44), to whom, to which.
aurai(8), aurons, aurions, etc.
(15, 16, and p. 54).
aussi, cilso.
"aussltdt, adv., immkdiafMy.
aus8it6t que, conj., as soon as.
autant (31), as much {many) as
lautemr, m., author.
autre, other.
autre chose, f., something else.
autretoiB, formerly.
autrement, otherwise.
I'Autriche, f., A^istria.
autrlchien, -ne,^Austrian.
avais,-t, had (13, and p. 54).
avant, before (as to time).
avec, with.
avek, V. (5) ; aviez (13, and p. 54)
avoir (5, and p. 54), to have.
avoir besoin, to be in need of.
chaud, to be warm (16).
falm, io be hungry.
frold, to be cold.
piti^, to pity. 3^- .
raison, to be right.
tort, to be wrong. <
avons (6, and .p. 54).
avril, m., ApriL^
ayez, ayons (2r,and p. 54)
la beauts, heavty.
la Belgrique, Belgium.
le besoin (16), need. ,
le beurre, butter.
bien, well, very mttch, very.
bientdt, soon, ■
la bidre, ieer.
le billet, note, ticket. '■
le biscuit, biscuit.
bl&m^, blamed.
blamer, to blame.
blanc, f, blanche, white.
la blanchisseuse, laundress.
le 1)16, corn.
bleu.(plur. bleus), blue.
le bois, wood.
bon, /. bonne (12,^ e), good.
la bont^, kindness, goodness.
le bord, bank, shore, border , h-m.
la botte, boot.
le boucher, (er=^), butcher.
boulUant, -e, boiling, hot. ,
la Bouraroerne, Burgundy.
la boutellle, bottle.
le brasseur, brewer.
le Br^sll, Brazil.
brillant, -e, brilliant.
le bruit, noisi, rumour.
BruxeUes, f., Brussels.
bruyant, -e, noisy. ^
bu, partic. of boire, drunJc.
l e b a nq u ierji l wwfayr
le cadeau, (25), present.
cadet (44), younger, youngest.
le ca«, coffee.
le cahier (er=^), copy-book.
la campagrne, couiUry, fields.
le canal (25), canal.
la capltaie, capital.
la cascade, cascade.
I Catherine, Kate.
^rcause de^ on account of
°®' CO*, cette, adj., this, that
(3. o)-
ci^ (41), ^isr ~"
ceci(44), pron., this.
cela(41, U),'pron.,that.
celle, f,, oeUe-14 (44),.pren.. '
that,, that one. .^ 1
* '*, J||. .
la bataille, battle.
batir, to buifd.
beau '(^Xfin^ handso^ne
l»eauoo\iirt!fn. much, man
■ Y
7\
'p:,yx^r^px:-^
\
66
J'henc^-'ngush vocabulary
celui-d celul-Kk (44), pron
this, that ojie.
cent (22), himdred.
la cerise, cherrj^'
ces, adj. (6)> <A<s(^.
cet, cette, ^{6), this, that
ceux, proriJip), those.
la chaise, ci^^'
la chambre, ♦•(;
]^ champ (mipI^.jUld.
la chandem^f^ridle.
, la chanaoi^^^^.
chanty ^^•
chanter, to mn^.
16 chapeau, hat, *gf '
le chardon, thisUe.
charms, charmed, delighted,
le charpentler (er^e), carytenter.
te-chat, cat.
la chatalgme, chestniii. w
le chAteau»i(25), castlk "^ ,
chaud, -6 (16), warn, hiA^
la chaumlirei co^to^fl.
le chef-d'oeuvre (f mute), masUr-
le chemln, road. rw^cg
le chemln de fer, railtooA
Cher, f., chdre (12), deiir, ex-
„ pensive.
oherchBT, to seek, hok for,
• ch^rlr (47), to cherish.
;le cheval (26), Aorse.
Chez (41), o/^Ae We o/
.4,© chren, doffJ^
"J cholsir (49frto select, choosy.. .
}! Chr^W^ (12, e), Christian. V'
^ c el (Pjto. <5leux), «*y, Amwnj
cinq (22)/ ^w. ,
^clnquante,^y. ',
' l«i daeaux, scissor^ \
la. tlaeae, cim^/gfM
^^MSB> ^<^:»»«c»i how many
. ■ ^W^M (23). ^
, comiienc^, begun, commenced.
c^m m e noer, • "
:i%t:
la compl
le oomtd^
concwH?7 to conceiw.
le oonderire, porter. "
con9u, pret. of concevoir.
la condulte, conduct, behaviour.
le confirm, holiday, leave.
la connalssalice, knowledge, ac-
^quaintaTice.
content (de), satisfied with.
contlnuellement, cmuinuallv.
contlnuer, to continue.
contralre, contrary.
oontr^buer, to contribute.
la oorbellle, basket.
le cordonnler|-«A««jnaJter.
le corps (ps nfute), body.
corrlfir^ (partic), corrected.
IB. oavUBMr, the colour. v
le courajre, cowrogrc.
le cousin, Ja couslne, cousin
le couteau (25), knife. \
la coutume, custmi, manker.
le crayon, lead pencil.
,. °"^%^P*'^<=-)' 9athered,
le culfite, (%jper. ^t^cterf.
-__ie (10), fiWy.
le Danemark, Denmark.
dangrereux, '-se, dangerous.
■-^^de, o/,/ro»^ (26:^1). ■/
d^embrt^' m., De^Merj. f
d^Nplarer, to 'frO^ffn^-
ja^JfendraJI^/^S, defend.
ledefirr^ilBK. - \-.
a^lldetigg -8^, delicious.
Remain, to-morrow.
demander, to ask.
detol, -6 (37), half.
^eml-hewe,t, half an hour.
l a demoiselle (10), ypu^ ^^y.
^
-j~*-depuiB, prep., a »-«««:
depuls que, comi., aince.
d^rangor, to disturb, incrni-
ventence . \.
mence.
comment ? Tum-t -
la COTapagnle, company.
-^ .M:
''ff
■*
FRE/^CH-ENGIj'sk VOCABULARY
67
dernier, demi^re, f., lixst.
des (contract, of defies, 28-31).
descendre, to go down, descend.
d^slWff (de), to desire.
^^^eobcn^eant, -e, disobedient.
^PPttrult (partic.), destroyed.
deux, two; deuzi^me, second.
devant, be/ore (as to place),
le devoir, duty, task, fume lesson.
devoir, tou>we, must (49),
le dlctlonnallte, dictionary.
dlfflcUe, difficult, hard.
dlerne, worthy.
dlmanche, m., Sunday.
diner, to dine.
le diner, ^m/ier.
dlt (3 pM?of dire), said. 't
on dlt, dlt-aiki^ is said.
dlvls^ (pS»), divided.
^ix(22).tenj^l^<bme{2i>),ienth
le doisrt (grt muM^nger.
le, la domeatltj/Kf^ervant.
done (34, 41), then.
donner (33), to give.
doilt(45, 46), whose,
le dos (s m,ute), the back,
douter, to d&iibt.
Douvres, Dover.
la douzalne, dozen. f.
douze, twelve. '
le drapeau (26), banner, standard.
du (contract, of dcwle, 28-31,
^educ, duke.
duquel (44), whose, of which.
dur, -e, hard.
'horn.
£
•WfcSte
«
I'eau, f., water.
l'6oole, f., school. ,
r.6ooller, m. (er=e), achoolbuy.
^conome, saving, thrifty^
I'Boosse, f., Scotland.
^crlt (partic), written.
r^cu, m,, dollar, shield.
I'^llae, f., church.
^gratiirner, to ^iradch.
eh blen t well I
r^ldve, m. or f.,jmpil.
eile, slu, her; elles, they (39-41).
I'enibl^me, m., emblem.
remp^reur, m., emperor.
en, prpn.(42), any, sonie,.o/it,/rom
en, pr6p. (26), in, at, to. [it.
encore, still, yet, again.
l'encre,f.,\ink.
I'encrler, m.'^=:e), inkstand.
I'enfant, m. and f. (plur. m.), child.
enfln, at last. [enemy.
Tenneml, m, (pron. = enemij,'
entendre, to hear, understand.
entendu, lieard.
entrer, to enter.
r^plder, m., grocer,
es, est (8, and p. 55).
I'esoaller, m. (er=e), jjtoirs.
rESspagrije, f., Spain.
fespdce, f., kirCi, species.
I'tepAwnee, f., V hope, expecta-
I'espolr, m., / tim.
esp^rer, to hope.
est, is (8), est-ce que ? (33).
est-ce 14 9 ts that f
estlmer, to esteem.
I'estomac, m. (c mute), stomach.
et {t always silent), conj., and.
r^taere, m., story.
retain, m., tin.
6tftls, -t, was (18, and p, 66),
V6t4, m., summer.
^t6, (partic, .17, and p, 66), been.
6tea (8) ; ^tlez, ^tlons (13). .
6tourdI, -e, thoughtless, giddy.
6tr« (8, and p. 56), to be.
^trolt, -p, narrow, straight.
I'^ude, f., study. [graduate.
letudlant, m., student, under-
^tudler, to study.
eu, (past part., 17, and p, 54), had.
eus, eCkmes, efttes, eurent (l*).
eux, m, (41), disj. pron,, they.W
1 exactitude, f., accuracy.
I'exerdce, m., exercise, drill.
VSED Q AUont^L,- exhibition. - - ^^^
ftchd (20), sorry, at^pry,
faoi]», easy. - '^
le facteip, thepoHmah.
:if'
t.V-
itofd" ''Sii
68
FRENCH-ENGLISH VOCABULARY
la faim (16), hunger.
1.. J^*i P*!^'"'- ""^^•^^^ rnade, done.
la flaute, the mistake, fault
fOivOTi,.td^ favourite.
la fendtre, toindow.
le fer, irc)n.
ferm^, skut, closed.
farmer, to shut.
le fermier(er=6), /arwr.
le feu (25), /re.
la feulUe, fea/, sheet.
f^vrler, m., February
fld6le, faithful.
la mie, grtV;, daughter.
leflls(pron. = fi8s), sOTi. .
la fln, cnrf.
le fleuve, n'ver
ft>l8(22), f.,'<i,n«.
lefond8,/Mnrf; fond. 6o«om.
font (3 p. 8. of faire), make, do.
rort, -e, strong.
fj^ fol {50), foolish, crazedi .
frais, f., ttalche, fresh.
lf> franc, franc, lOd.
fran9al8, -e (8), French.
le Pran9al8, Frenchman.
la France, France.
franchir (47), to cross.
Praa<foiB, Francis, Frank.
le frdre, brother.
froid, -e (16), coW.
le fromaere, cA^«.
le fruit, fruit.
ftw, fames, fdtes, fUrent (14),
le er^n^ral (26), 9en€ra;. '
(^riBB,.f.,Oenoa.
Oendve, f., Oeneiu.
le firenou (26), kmif.
la gfographie, geography.
le irllet, waistcoat.
^^ elader {er=^.), glacier.
fflorleux, -se, glorious.
le aroftt, taste.
la grrammalre, grammar.
gra.ua, -e ^ca^ faj-pre, <«;; j,-^,
la errand m6re. grandmother.
1 f^"<*-P^re. grandfather.
la Orande-Bretafirne, GVea^ £ri.
tain.
la eruerre (u mute), war.
OulUaume (u mute), miliam.
G
firafim^ S'aiTWd, earned.
firapier, to earn, gram inn.
erai, wwrry, pray_
1-. 2f "*®^' ,^^^ '^^ (26>, ;raZe».
-^JS^St, gloves^
Je gar9(»i, Joy, waiter, bachelor.
habiller, to rfres^.
I'habit, m., coat, dress.
1 habitant, m., inhabitant.
1 habitude, f., ?iabit.
1 herbe, f., grass.
I'heure. f. (ig), Ao«^, ^vtor*.
heurter (h aspirate), to &.
hier (one syllable), yesterday.
l-hlrondeUe, f, ««;a;to«;. "
Ihlstoire, f., ««ory, Awfory.
IWver, m.(er=aire), wn^er.
le Hollandals, Dutchman. '
la HoUande, Holland.
1 homme, m. , m^in.
honorer, to honour.
J,'^°rlo»er, m., twtoAwwyter.
Ihdteldevllle, m., to«;»Aa/;.
1 hulle, f., oil.
^^^meight; hult Jours (23).
hultldme (24), eighth. ^ '
id, here.
Il(39).Ae t<,. (23),<Aere(impers.)
u y a, Were ie, o^o (23).
-\\
FRENCH-ENGLISH VOCABULARY
''m
69
rile, f., island, isle.
Ua, m. (39), they.
Impartial, -e, impartial.
llmp^ratrlce, f., einprcss.
1 taiprlmerle, f., printing.
I'Inde, f.,Jndia.
to^pulsable, inexhaustible.
1 Inatitutrlce, f., governess.
1 Intention, f., intention.
Int^ressant, -e, interesting
Inventer, to invent.
I'lnventeur, m., inventor. .
lltalle, t., Italian.
Itallen, -ne, Italian.
Jamais, ever.
ne , . . jamais, never.
le Jambon, ham.
JanvlA^jn., January.
le Japon, Japan.
lejardln, garden.
le jardlnler, gardener.
Je, 7(39).
Jean, John.
leJeu(26),^Zay, ^awitf.
Jeune, young.
Je vlens (pres. of venir). I come.
lajole,^oy.
Joli, -Q, pretty.
Jouer, to play.
le Jouet, JouJou, plaything.
Joulr de, to enjoy.
lajoulssance, enjoyment,
le jour, day.
le Journal (26), newspaper.
lajournde, m., day, day's work,
days journey, etc.
Julllet, ra.,July.
Jiiln, m., June.
J^^8qu'4, until, as far as, even to.
la, art., the ; _ la,:pron^(39)^A^.
laborleux, -se, industrious.
le lac, lake.
laid, -e, ugly. !^
la lalne, wool.
I le lalt. milk.
lalanerue, tongue, language.
laver, to wash.
7«. /!:^°"; *''"• ^' ""' ^e» art., /A«.
la le9on, lesson.
la lecture, reading.
^^^J^' ^^^J'^eUe? pron., wAicA/
1^ uf; ^^/ J®«' P'ou. (39), <Ac7«.
la l^ttre, letter.
le leur poss. pron. (38); theirs^ '
leur(s), po88. adj. (7), their.
i« it!^'. P^l- P™"- (39), to them.
le llbralre, bookseller
l^^^^ivlur.x), the place, spot.
la lleue, <A« fcaytt^. ^
la llvre, pound, £.
le llvre, 600/fc.
lalol, Zaift —
LonUres, m., London.
lonar, f., longrue, long.
longrtemps, a long time.
louer, to praise.
le loup (f. la louve)/ woZ^.
lu(partic. oi \iT&)[ read.
lul (39), to him, to her; Ul)he
him. \ / I
lundl, m., Monday.
lea lunettes, f., spectacles.
Lyon, m., ZytjJw.
/
ma, fem. of toon (7), my.
majiame, ft (lO), marfa^, Mrs.
leml^S^/^'^'^^^- .
mai. |^:M^- '^^^-
la maln,^j0^j/
malntenant, 'how.
mal^ *««, howeier; mals oul.
wAyi yes! '
la malson, Aowae.
le maltre, master.
-rr 4a maitresae, wtirtfegaT-
le mal (26), evil, injury, wrong.
maj, adv.,-«/, wrong, badly.
mal 4 la tdte, headache..
„ ^I'^tomac, stomach-ache.
" '>'^^«^^ (60), toothache.
-^ #
70
■ »
\ ,
FRENCH-ENGLISH VOCABULARY
%
■ i I
:l *
malauxyeuz, swe eves.
malade, ill, sick.
maman, mamma.
la Manche, Ohanrusl (lit. sleeve). ,
manerer, to eat; mftngd, eaten.
le marchand, tradesman.
la marchandlse? ^oocfe, «,arcs.
mars, m. (a sounded), i/arc^^
massacrer, to massacre.
le matin, la mating, morning.
mauvais, -e, bad, evil, ill.
^o (39), me, to me.
mdchant, -e, wicked, naughty.
meiUeur, -e, adj., better.
mfime, adj., self (41, 'd); adv.,
lamer,5.«. f,^^„;
la m6re, mother.
mes, plur. of mon, ma (7), my.
Iem6tal(25), metal. '' ^
mldl, m., noon.
le mldl, the south.
.le mien, la mienne (38), mine.
mieux, adv., better.
le milieu, middle.
mille, m., thousand, mile (23)
miUidme, thousandth (24).
la mine, mine, mean (look's).
' mlnuit, m., midnight.
la minute, minute.
mla (partic. ), placlu^ ^ („«).
mod^r^, -e, m4)d^ate.
modeste, modest.
mol(40, 41), »i«, toW; L
moi-mdme {i\),miihlf.
moina (32), less; ^^(pour le)
moins, at least.
le moi8, month.
mon (7), my. '
le monsieur (10).
la monttigme, mountain.
la montre, the \oatch.
mpntrer, to show. ,^^
le morceau (23), Ut. .
lamort, death. ■ j
. mortel, -fo, mortal.
MoBcou, Mallow.
moyi, mol (^0), ^oft.
le mur, wall.
mOr, -e, ripe, mutute.
N
ne . . . pas (9), not,
ne . . . plus, not again.
n6, n4>e, f. (partic. perl"), bom.
n^erllerent, -e, negligent, careless.
le negroclant, merchant.
neuf, i. neuve (13), new. >■
neuf (22), nine.
le neveu (25), nepheiu.
le%iez (z mute), nose. . ,
le nid (d mute), nest.
la nl6ce, niece. '
noir, -e, black, dark.
noirclr (47), to blacken, to spoil.
la notx, walnut, nut.
le nom, name.
non, adv., no, not. . ,
le nord (d mute), north.
nos, pi, of notre (7), <wr.
notre (7), our; le n6tre (38)
ours. ,
nourrir, to feed, to nourish.
nous, we, tis, to us (39, 41)
nouveau. nomrel, -le (60), new.
la NouvelTe Organs, New Or-
leans. ' F"
la nouvelle, news. '
novembre, m., November.
le noyer, walnut-tree.
■|f
M aiovitarde, muttard.
le mouton, thMp, trmtton.
oWir (k), to obey.
ob^Issant, -e, obedient.
obllgreant, -e, obliging, kind.
obligrer, to oblige. - •
octobre, m., October. *
I'ojseau, ra. (25),. the bird, fowls.
roncle, uncle.
on (39,/b6s.), one, people.
on dit,, it is said, ptople say.
ont (5, and p. 54). .
„ o n m Xg 2 ). dtvm, j l
I'ordre, m., orderT
l.l'orellle, {.,'ear.
;*«
FRENd^-ENGLISH VOCABULARY
71
I'orgrue, m., organ (fom. i^ plu
oser, to dare.
ou, adv., wJiere; d'oii, wlmice ?
ir.)
ou, conj. , or, either .
oubller, to forget.
oui, yes.
l'outil(lsil.), m., tool.
ouvert, -e, open.
I'ouvTagfe, m^ work.
or.
* p
le pain, h-ead, doaf.
la paix, peace.
le palals, palace. \
le panier (er=:e), basket:
I9 papiei-. (er= e), joaj;^
par, by, through. ^ \
, le pare, park. ♦ ' \ i
paltje'que^, because^ \
las parents, irf., parents.
la VSi^eaB\ndleimKlazin;ks.
P^resseiSx, 4e, idle, Idzy.
le plbtfum, perfume.
P^^^^iiM^eak ;.'P&T\6,.'qiokcn
WaemiJ^g^dTig, amidst.
la part,% '_
,lapB?rtl6, jS^FB",**
partout, everywhere. <-
pas (9, ^31), not.
passer, to pass, to spend.
la patrle, native cmmtry.
pauvre, jioor^ indigent.
le pays, cmmtry, {and.
le paj^s de QalleS, . IVales.
l^pdchenr, sinner;}.; '
pendant.-.prcp.,. during.
pendant .qu^. -fcoiii, whUc,
p^nlbleT;«^<* \\wMist.
penser (A), ,to think of.' • ^ '
perdu (p&tic), ^0*^.
le p^re, fathS. *»
personne , . ne, nobodyi, no ont
Pf tit, -e, &i\i.jrsmall, little.
■ P*^. adv. {%\),few. Util e .- un
pmi,'h-ittm,a irijle:
Je peuple, jmvle, nation
mpeur (21), _^ar. . ' .
j»©ut-6tre, adv., primps, may
1^ PiS»4 (d mute), /oo/f.
la piti6 (16), pity. . \ '
le plaisir, ju/easwre.
plait (47).
la plante, plant.
pleurer, ilo weep, cry, laTncnt.
le plomb (rnb=ii), lead.
la pluie, rain.
la plume, fekthcr, pen.
la plume d'acier, steel pen.
plus (31), more; ne . . . plus,
«o longer, not now, not again.
plusieurs, m. and f. , several.
plus t6t, earlier, sooner.
plutot, rather.
point (31), iiot, wt at all, not -
, any.
la pdjre, pear.
le peririer, pear-tree.
J«P2!f!°°' ^'^ (^^ poison,
le V'Stttq, pepper. .. [jwwwt).
poll, -B, polite.
la PoloKne, Pola^id.
. la ponffiae, fflp;?fe
' la pomme de terre, potato.
le pommier, apple-tree.
le pont, bridge.
la porte, rfoor, gra^g. *
porter, Jo bear, to wear, carry ■
le Portugral, Portugal/ .
la poudre, powder, giknimder
pour, prep. , for, in o^r to. ■
pour le moins, at lem:
pourquol, why. ,
la prairie, le pr^, menSoiv., '
pr^ci6u?c, ■ -se, precious.
le p^r^d^cesseur, pr^ec^sor.
pr^f(6r«t', to prefer. *
le premier, f. , .^0 (^4), first. '
pr6s de, ruafto, 'dose by.
present, ■&,presti\i,y '■^'
a pk^ent,jW)M>. <» •
Pl*6t, -6, r^itdy. '*> . "I
prfiter, to lend. ''.'"'
4?riert tQprxufr h«9i=
*
principal (2b\^icipaiffihiy: /i-
P«8. takem ' * ^« # il
le prix, mze, pn^^Tmiiie^ ' j^ •
ly la probity, ho^iMtp? '
. Prochaln, -e p), n«ajf nfa»M<.
*^''
•t.'.
*'n
>
72
FRENCH-ENGLISH VOCABULARY
le Projet, ■project.
le Vvo^vi^tBxv^^ proprietor, owner.
protdgrer, to protect.
prudemment, c«/6^ia!«/»
la prune, phtm.
y la Prusse, frussia.
puisque, conj, smce, seeing that.
puni (partic), punished
punir (45), topunish.
le pupltre, desk.
%
Q
, * In all these words, u is mute.
quand, when.
quarante(22),/or<y.
le quart (37), quarter, fp^irth part
quatre-vinfirt(8) (22), fiij;/X
quatre-vingli-dix, wi/w<y.
que (qu') ? what ?
que (45. 46), whom, that.which
que after comparat. (32), than.
quel, quelle ? j^ViicA ; what ?
j^. qui? who? whom'
qui (45, 46), z^Ao, ^-A^^.^, ihat.
<ininzB, fifteen; qulnze Jours
(-iS). quol? what?
aultter, to leai^.
R
raconter, to relate.
le raisin, the grape.
la ralaon^ r«!d«j» ; (16) rigid.
r^iter, to recite. [receive
recommander, <o recom7ne7id.
la recompense, reward.
l^ompenB6{pmic.),rewarded.
r^compenser, to rccm^jeTw,-
• reward.
^^^ (pP- eO, 61), received.
refuser, to re/use.
regarder, to look at.
la r^arle, rule (graiinnar), ^Zer.
le rdgne. my7t, ru/c (gowrnment).
la reine, queen. -
le remade, remedy.
rern^rci t ay-^t, (ha ^
^^"^i^{l>'xnic.),dcliverrd,/umd,-d
over. -
rempllr (pp. 58, mto fill, fulfil.
I remporter, to carry off.
le renard, (d mute)/ftc.
rendre, trans., to render, give
back, to return.
r^pllquer, to reply.
r^pondre, to answer, to reph/
r6pondu, answered, replied
la r^publique, republic.
Tester, to stay, remain.
en retard, Za^e (adv.)
retenu (partic)., detained.
retourner, intrans., to return
go back. '
• ' ^^"ss^r (PP- 58, 59). to ,„c««/.
revenu partic), cy/ne *ac>t, rc-
tumed.
le Rhin, ^/tme.
riche, rich, wealthy.
la richesse, wm/;!A, ricli^^s.
rien . . , ne, nothing.
rlen du tout. reoiAiw^ a^ «/;.
la rive, J^w*, ^Aorc, ftorrfcr.
la robe, robe, dress.
le roc, rocher, rqck.
le rpl, king.
romain. -o, Roman.
Rome, f., Roine.
rougre, red.
la rue, street.
la Russie, Russia.
S
sa, fem. of son (7).
saere, zTMc, g-oorf, well-behaved.
\ la salson, scoaow,
la salade, salad.
le salaire, salary.
8alir(pp. 58, 59), Co 5oi7
le salon (34^, <Ae drawing^
samedi, in., Saturday.
le sangr, blood. _ -
sans, prep., vnthout, butfor.
satlsfelt, -e, satiified.
^^^yge; V'M . mmge. ^
Te 8av6h, soap.
sec, f. 86che, dry.
le secret, secret.
seize (22), s;|a;tee,i.
'FRENCH-ENGLISH VOCABULARY
73
o repli/.
plied,
answer.
'Ml.
return,
succeed.
')ack, re-
tall.
icr.
ived.
r
or.
1
le sel, salt.
la semaine, week.
sept (p mute), seven (22).
septembre, m., Scplcvtber.
serai, etc. (15), serais, etc. (16),
serleux, serious. "«"
ses, plur. ofson, sa (7).
aeul, -e, only, al&iit, single.
■a6v^re; severe, strict.
' si, adv., so.
Bi,conj., if, whether.
lo sien, la sienne (38), his, lu:rs.
Its.
s'il VOU8 plait, if you please.
Bit\i6, -e, situated.
six, six ; six mois, Tuilf a year.
la sOBur, sister.
la sole, silk.
la soif, thirst.
le solr, la soirde, evening.
sols, soyez, soyons (21, and
p» 55).
le soldat, soldier.
le soleil, sun.
sommes (8).
son, Sa, Bes (7), his, her, its
80nt(8, and p. 65), arc.
souhaiter, to wish.
la sourls, mouse.
sous, prep., under.
souvent, ojften, frequently
soyez. soyons (21, and p,
le spectacle, sight.
le Sucre, sugar.
la Su^de, Sweden.
suis (8), avi.
la Suisse, Switzerland.
le sujet, subject.
sur, prep., on, upon.
' T ■
ta,- fetti. of ton (7), tJiy, your.
la table, the table.
le tableau (25), jDic^Mrc.
la tAche, task, job.
5p.
la Tamlse, r/iumcs.
tant (31), so much, so many.
la tante, aunt.
taquiner (u mute), to (ease.
tard, adv. and adj., late.
la tasse, cu2>.
te (39), thcc, you, to you.
le temps (mps=n), time, weather.
la terre, earth.
tes, plur. of ton, ta (7).
le th6 ((!A=<), tot. ,. .,- •
le theatre, theatre. .
le th^Dle, exercise. '*
le tien, la tienne (38), thine.
le timbre-poste, postage-stamp.
tol (40, 41), thee, thou, you, to
you. '
la toile, cloth.
le toit, roof.
ton, ta, tes (7), thy, your.
le tonneau (25), cask.
tort (16), wrong.
tovijours, always, still.
la tour, tower (le tour, turn).
tous les Jours, every day.
tout, -e, pi. tous, toutes (20.),
all, whole, every. >
tout, tout k fait, adv., qti^te.
tout k I'heure, ju^t now; ■ii/re-
sently.
toute lajourn^e, the wholeday.
la traductilon, translation. ^
la traer^die, tragedy. X*^
trahir (47), to betray. 'p
tranquille, quite.
le travail (25), work, labour.
travailW, worked.
travailler, to work. %'
treize, thirteen.
I trente, thirty.
tr^S, adv. , very.
triste, dreary, dull, sad.
trols, three ; troidl6me, third.
tromper, to deceive. >
le tr6ne, throne.
trop(31), too,— much, —many.
la troupe, troop. . '
troHver, to find; trouir^,^
found.
==^^^*ii (3S),- <AeMy yow,' — ■' ,■ ■■' , : ^^
la Turquie, Turkey.
un, une (4), a, an ; (22), one.
utile, ua^l.
%'
.'ffi*'.-
«u
74
P-yOL/SH-FREXC/r VOCABULARY '
V
la vagrue, wave, billow,
valllamment, gallantly.
le valesaeau (25), ship.
i ■ vendi-e, to sell wnau, sold.
vendredl, m., Friday.
le V^Wtlen, Venetmn.
la. verge, rod
le vergrer (ey=^), «^cAani.
le verre, the glass.
verser, to pour, spill.
vert, -e, prreen. .
^tu, -e (de). c^o^Aerf {with).
la viande, mca«.
la victoire, victory,
1^ ^'^^^^^^ -se- ''^^torious.
le vielUard, oW waTi.
Vlenne, f., TiewMa
vleux, vlell,f.vlelUe(50). oW.
vir, -ve, quick, lively.
le villaere (11 not !i<iui<l), village.
la vUle (11 not liqni,!), town.
Je vln, wine. ■
le vlnalgrre, vinegar.
vinert, ^M;ria<^ ; vln^i6me>,
twent%eth.
void, Aere zsj here are.
"vollk, there is, there are
16 Voisin, la voisine, neighbour.
la voix, voice.
V08, pi. of vptPG, adj. (7), your
votre, adj. (7), your. ^ '' ^ '
le vdtre, pron. (38), yowra.
vous (39, 41), yoM, ye, to yoic.
-le voyagre, travel. Journey. ■^^*:'
le voyagreur, traveller.
vrai, -e, ^rt^^.
vu, partic. of voir, seen. ' ' ;(
Y " '
y. adv. (23, 43), the^e, thither. .
y. pron. (43), to it', at it..
a, an, un, unc (4, 27).
to abandon, abandowier.
absent, absent, -c.
to accompany, accompagner
'm account of, n ause de.
to act, ngir.
admirable, att,, ,rablc.
**«lral, Vamvrnl, m.
Uy admire, admirer.
•fraJd, to be, avoir peur (21)
•tw^oon^ mfi^ithmidi, m.
•«e, / 4i>e, m fj^
•#o, ii y a {m%
acreeslMe, agr4ahle.
lUl, ^x>«^, -« (pi i^^ ^^^^j
alone, «>«/, -«
ENGLISH-FRENCH
America, VAnUHque f.
Ameirioan, I'AmSricain, m
amusklfir, amusant, -e.
ancient, amHen, -ne,
and, ei!- (ppon. =6).
^^fn^(vnth). /deh^(contre). -
animal, Zanma;, m. (pi. 25).
to answer, ripondre.
answered, ripondu.
Antwerp, Anvers.
any. adj. (30) ; pron. (42).
apple, lapomme.
to approvia of, approuver.
April, avnV, m.
^ are (8, and p. 55).
aristocracy, rarwtocra^i« f
army, I'armSe, f,
to arrive, arriver.
Asia, I'Ane. f.
v»
always, tov^oura'
«ni8, 10. «»rl p. 65),
ta asff; aemana^ (A),
as, ^ . . . as (31, 32),
ail ^oon as, <lks»ii»t quk:^
\
• »
>'"
^--^'^V
\
ENGLISH-FRENCH VOCABULARY
75
\
to assist, aider, assister.
■ to assure, assurer.
at,d; athome,d.lamaismi;(4\)
at It, y (43). ' '
at last, enjln.
at the house of, chez (41).
to attack, aitaqucr.
aunt, la tante.
Austria, I'AuiricJie, f.
Austrian, V AutricJiien, m.
author^ I'auteur, m.
bad, mauvais, -e.
bank, la rive, h hard.
banker, ie banquier.
- basket, lepanier;la corheillc.
battle, la bataille.
to bo, ttre %\b, 16, 21, and p. &5).
to bear, port^r7~~~^-~~-^
'^beautiftil, beau (50). ~~"^ — ^
because, parce que.
been, Ui (17, and p. 55). -
beer, la biire.
before, prep, (time), avant.
(place), devant.
to begin, commenaf.
begrun {p&Ttic.),\ommfince.
. • Belerium, la Bel^ique.
to belong:, Hre d (27).
best, adj.,, le (la) meill^r, -e
■ adv. , le tnieux..
■" better, adj., Tneilleur, -e.
aAy :, mimx. ; ,
biscxiit, le biscuit (u .^otinded)
to l?lanie, bldmef:-
V body, le coxps, . " . '
book, le livre. \ '' ■
bookseller, le libraire. <
boot, la boife.
bom (part.), n^, f. TO^c.
bottle, la bouteille/
bottom, lejTontl.
boy, le gar^i
br^ad, le^p, '
i*
-irobr(6ftkmst;W«w'wr7^^
fhe breakfast, 4c dijeuner.
br0^^r/v U brasaeur.
hrXOae, le porU. . -
hCiJI^t, brUldrU, -».
to briner, apporter, amcmr.
broken, cassi, brise.
brother, lefrkre.
brought, apporU (2), amene.
Brussels, Bruxellcs (,£=ss\.
to buUd, b&tir.
Burgrundy, la Bourgogne.
but, couj., mais. '
but for, prep., sans.
butter, le beutrc.
by, par. *■
cake, le gdtcau f25). .
canal, le caWf35).
capital, la capitdle.
carpenter, le chdrpentier.
to carry, pwter. \ (,
cask, le tonneau (25).
castle, le cfidteaui115).
cia.t, le chat. [=prudaman).
cautiously, prudemment (mou
'Chair, la chaise. ■
Channel (British), m Maiichei
to cherish, cherir. . |^
cherry, la cerise.^ ' [ron
chestnut, la chdtaigne^ levw.r'.
child, V enfant, mMml tlvl. m. )
^church, Higlvse, I
city, la vifllc'^la dti. . \ „
class, la classe. ' \ ■
o'clock (15)., \ .
closed (partic.),>n/i^. \^,
. clothed with, t^^^M rfc. ' '
» coat, I'habit, ni. , .
coffee, le ca/i. > ' ' ' "
oold, froid, -e {16),
^ commer^pid, commencef. ' - '
concert, le concert,
Cdbduct, la cmc^te.
contrary, cow<j'ifl!iv*( 17) •
to contribute, 'conhimier.
copy-boo]t,le cahier.
com, Je by, le ^ain, . [<nettK.
cottage, Ta chanmiife, viaisou-
===:=fiauntry (state ), }ep e tffS7^
«
r
"•<^\
— (native), lapatrie, le pays'.
— {^o\&a) la cdmpagne.
, courage^ le courdge.
\cofiiBin, le cousin-i la couaine
^orbMi,/?%ncAty {47). 4$,
-"' ' ' ' " li ■ ■■ ■ " ■ ">>*■«"
' 1,. >. ••<.•■<-" \' " j». "• """•
• ^ . -*v. - • e^,- •^ ^Jo -
76
^^CUSH-FJiENCH^y^CABULARY
to cr7, weep, plcurer. ^
'^^l^' ^'^'^utume, r-usage, iii
D
ice, danscT.
Iter, lafille.
^'^ jour, ia jmn-nic.
laujourd'km. ^
r, -her, m.., cMre, f.
Beceime, tromper.
•"— "exploit, m., r action, f.
L difandre.
to^Mire, f/^iVcr, souhaiter
desk, lepupitrc.
detained (partic.),rcfe;»<.
to diptate, (iic^cr.
dirtlonary, /c dictionnaire.
difficult, rfjj^iVc, waZazV.
diligsnt, appliqui, -e.
tjj^ine, diner.
dinner, Ze (^|!?wr.
division, la division.
do (33); done, part, /«i^.
dogr, «c chun.
Jollar, ZVcM,m.; ^c tZo^^^.
donkey, TAnc, m.
door, la parte.
Dover, Douvres.
dozen, ladouzainc.
drunk, iw, part, of ioiVc.
; duty, le devoir.
E
ear, Vorcille, f,
to earn, gdgwr.
earth, la terrc.
easy, facile, cti.<idj ~e.
to eat^ m«%f; ; eaten, wian^A
edition, Vikiition, f.
Edward. jE-rfomrrf (^mute)
emperor, Vempereter.
end, Za ^ra,
©oeniy, I'ennemi, m. (prm ~
EnarlMUi,. I'An^tterre, f
Enerll»b, miglnis, -c.
the Flnglf H hfnnn, ?'W,n» j^
enterprise, Vcntreprise, f.
to esteem, cstimer
Europe, V Europe, f. ,?■
evenlngr, /c soir, la smrie '
ever,ya,„«,-,. y
every, cAa^we; <ot^, .^ . ^^A
every day, ((mm fe^oitra ''
er^rywljere, joartofi!. •>
esHTcise, Vea-crcice, m, fc</i^,«<,
exaibitlon, r.a;/.o,i^,o,' f. f
excellent, excellent. ^'^
F '
faithful, fiiUle. "
father, le phre.
faolt, lafaute.
faTrourite,/awn, -^c.
fear, lapeur (21).
feather, la plume.
feed, wMfmV, rfonner ri ,««„.
few, jocM flfc (31).
field, le champ {^^von. jAp=n).
^f\rcmplir{Y>Y,.m,Sb). '
to nnd, trouver.
One, beau, bel ; i belle [50).
f^ «^f' i' "^"^^^ ^9t mute).
to finish, /Hir, achever.
finished (partic. ),.;?„,•, a,A««^.
first, premier, -e (12)
flower, lafleur.
to be fond of, aiwwr.
foot, Zei>ierf(pron.=;ne).
for,prep.,^„r; (time) pcwrfani.
«». conj., c«r.
to forsake, abandonner
fortnigrht (23). (^M^Tir^y^,.
found (piirtic..perf.),<rott,vf.
fox, Ze renarrf (d mute)
France, /a Tfrawce.
French, /rowfaw, -« fg)
•fresh, yraw, in.,/^«cA«, f
friend, eam-i, -e.
friendship, k'amitii, f.
frog, In gre/nmiilU,
'^"Vfji«'28;72),rfc:?,«w..
from thpl«, etk (42)
fruit, /c/rai-PV^^-
tofulfli, rmjo/ir (pp. 68, 69).
^1%
7^^ ^g — ■ TTTTT J, t j ip
«? enjoy, yoMiV «fe (pp.
enoufirh, asaez [m].
to enter, erUrer (dkmt).
'nu t .
68, 69).
;v;
ise, f.
,lc theme,
n, f. r.
F.NGLlSir^FRENCH VOCABULA k Y
77
rt tnan-
').
(50). ■
achev^.
).
cndant.
urs.
mv4.
'(8).
f.
- game, play, hjcu (25).*
' erarden, lejardin.
gardener, Icjardinicr {-%r=U)
general, hf^iiral (25).
German, allcmand, -e (6).
Germany, I'Allcmagne, f.
girl," la jmne Jillc.
to give, (£on7igr; given, tZwmd
glasa, ^c wrrc.
glove, Zc (/are^.
gold, I'or, m.
good, adj., bm, f. 6o7?n« (Ifi).
goods, marchandisn, f.
governess, VinstUutricc, f.
grammar, /« graminairc.
grapo, /c T-awin (bunch, ^«
gray, flTw, -e. -^^
fsveat,' grand, -e.
Great Britain, Za Grande Brc-
I Greece, ZaCr^cc. ite„„«.
\Greek, grec, f. «)frecy2<e.
H
ijablt, Vhabitude, f.
*d, perf. (13), partic. (17),
pluperf. (18, and p. '65).
l-lf, demi, -e ; half-past five
Wl heures et demie ; half a
■^und, tine demi-livre; a
^und and a half, une Uvrc ct
half an hour, une demi-Jieure.
nani lejambon.
band. /<* main.
happ^, heureux, -se (12).
hard,W«r, -e ; difficile.
haa (51 and p. 55).
hat, le\hapeau (25).
to have (L and p. 55)
V he (39, 41).
to hear cnWrc ; _ ft-om (47).^
heard (jiartio.), entendu.
Henrietta, , Henriette.
\ivs:
-lwr^^K)5s7wJvT7),^er^^5hS^•
pers. pron. (39, 40).
here, id < here le (are)
hers. poss. pron. (38). [voici.
aiffh, Aaif<, -g (A aspirate). <
him(39); him8elf,ZMi-7n^rac(4] )
his, adj.- (7), iwon. (38). [atei
„ Holland, i-a Hollandc {h Umv-
home. a1? home, A la maison
honesty, laprobite. [(41)
to honour, honorer. '
hope, Tespoir, m., I'espirancc, f.
; to hope, cspirer.
i horse, Ic cheval (2.b).
■hot, c/ta?trf, -e (16), bmullant", -c.
hour,- I'heure, f. '
house, la maison.
how? comment 1
how far? combien f (23).
how much, many? combien
hows^ (22). [(22, 31).
howe'^, conj., vmis, ccpcndunt.
hunger, la /aim.
hungry, to be (16).
I
IJe (5, .39); toot (41).
idle, paresseux, se (12). ^
if, conj., si.
if you please,- s't7 vans plait.
ill, malade.
in, CTi, <^ans, ri (26).
industrious, applique, -e, in-
dustrieux, -se.
inhabitant, Vhabitant, m
ink, Vencrc, f.
interesting, in<^re5sa«i!,-c.
irop, lefer.
is (8, and p. 55).
island, isle, Vtle,-i.
le (39) ; nnpors., jX
Italian, Italien, -nc (1^2)
Italy, ritalie, f.
J ,
John, Jeaw.
jourpey, le voyage.
K
Kato, CatJu r im^^tk^-f f^
kindness, la bonti, la compUis-
kin^, le roi. [„„^
knife, le coutcau (25).
to knock, /ra;;per, hcurter (h asp. )
knowledge, la cmnaissanee.
k
/ ■
78.
BNGLISH-PRENCH VOCABULARY
. JabPur, Ze &-atm7 (Mur. 25)
lady, la dame (10). I
langrua^e, Za ?rt„^j^, //;/,,.
iargre/^mTwZ, -e.
lastj dernier, -e (12)
8't last, enfijt. * '
late, tertZ, en retard (18)"
Latin, Za^in, -e.
laundress, te blanchisseuse.
iB,ty, ])aresseux, -se (12,)
the lead, Zejoforni (pr^i. «i6=7i)
lead pencil, le crayon
leaf, la/euille.
leamt (partic), a/)prw, -ei
to leave, quitter, laisser.
left (partic, 43).
• to lend, priter.
less, moinsi. (32).
^®*';'?Pf'-at. (21, 34, and pp.
04-62). ^ ^
letter, te fo<^,;. ^
to like, aimer.
little-, adj.,^c<i<, -e.
little, adv., jt«M (31).
lively^ vif, m}, vive, f. (12).
London, Londres, m.
^ongr, ZoMgr, -ue.
a loner time, long(emp$, adv.
to look at, n-garder
to look fbr, chercher. "
lost (partic. ^^tI), perdu.
loud (48), haut {h aspirate).
_ Louis, Louis; Loulslk, Zoim^,
to love, atmer.
t^e love,.Z'a»wMr, m. {plur. f.)
M
madam, Mrs., mndam^ (10)
made {partic. ),/ai<. « '
make, 3 p. sing. (22).
mah, Vhomtne, m.
many, heaucoup (31), how—?
(-i*, 31).
™*7ellou8,^ mcrteilleux, sc
~°raster, Te rrw^e.
me (39-41).
meat, la viande.
mei^chant, le vmrchand
merchant (wholeftdle), Icnego-
ciant, le C07nmerfa7it.
merry, gai, enjmi^, -e. - '
metal, le m6tal (25)
milk, le laii.
mine, poss. pron. (38).
minute, la minute.
miss (10), mademoiselle.
mistake, la/aute. ,
mistress, la miitressc.
money; V argent, m.
month, le m,ois.
moon, la Imie.
•'y^^,plus{Zl,Z2),da'vanlagf.
morning, Umdtin, la mati^ide.
to-morrqv, adv., de7)iai7i.
mortal, mortel, -le (12).
mother, la igiere. -I-*- ^ ,
mountain, la mo,ntagiu<
'^'^^f.beaucoup (31), how ^ ?
(zZ, 31).
must have (19).
njy (7). . '
myself, moi-mime (4i)
■ ■ N ^
name, le nam. •
Naples, Naples, m.
narrow, itroit, -e.
^^i^^i I'indigew, m. and f. ' '
n^tivfe country, ht patric; U
• pays natal,
naufirhty, mAchant, -e. ^
near to, prlsde.
need, U hesoin (16)
neighbour, le voi^n, lavoishie.
neither . . . no#; ni
nephew, le neveu (25).
nest, le nid {d mbte), '
never, m .. . . jamai^iS)
new, ncii/(12), nouveau (5(3).
news, /<! nomelle. ■ ' •
newspaper, le Journal (25)
next, prqabain, -e (47).
niece, fa wj;,Scc. . *
»w.
-alerhtini^le, h ro.mgnot
no, adj., /?(M, ^„i,t^ (31 N
no, adv., tww. •
nobody, personn/: ' .
ne..
t-
c
-*. 2^
ENGLISH-FRENCH VOCABULARY
79
rV^
noisy; hruyant, -e,
noon, midi, m. ^
nose, le ne^ {z i«ute, 25)
not, ?«e-. . . ^;a5(9). »■
nothing, ric« . . . wc. ,
now, wamtomji!, d;)r^en^.
nut, la noix \x mute, 25).
obedient, obHssant, -e:
to obey, ohiir (d).
to obligre, ohliger.
o'clock (15).
°f.f (26^1); of Whom (45).
orit, ofthem.eM(42)
of which, c^o^i^, (^M7j,gi (45y 46 ).
old, vievx (50) ; how old, (22)
on, i)rep., sur. ^ ''
on- account 6f;dcawserfe. ■
A one, \in, wie (32^ 23)
\ only, a(ljseM^,-e; adv., Tie.
ywe; mdement.
opportunity, Voccasion, f
or, conj., ou, ou Men.
orange, I'orange, ft
orchard, ^e verger (er=^)
r' "^^ ord«r, ^'orrfre, m.
>prpn, Z'org-M^, m. (fern, in jo^^r. )
Other, autre. '
otherwise, autreme-iit.
our, adj. (7), ours, pron. (38).
P
palace, lepalais.
paper, le papier. ^
.. parents, -/esjoarewfo.m. *
part, lapart^fi.
patience, la'patience.
pear-tree, le poirier.
pen, la plume, '
P«nny, deux sous; un gros i(m
people, lepeuple; mi (39).
. ^ vorcelve, apercevoir (69 61),
perhaps, peiU-itre.
permlsalon, la pe.r mimian
P|ccm^-7«1«SZ^7^^7
pin, r^jringh, f. ■" " • •
plant, laplante.
k ^!*^' ^:*'?"^ (26), Za com^rfte.,
to^play, ^oi|^.
pleasant, agriahle.
I please, s'il vaus plait.
J pleasure, le plaisir.
/ polite, jpofoy -e,
poor, 'pauvre.
^ position, la position.
postBaan, le facteur.
pound, la livre. "
predpus, pricieux, -se (12)
prefer, pr^/erer, aivier mieux
present, present, -e.
pretty, >Zi; -e, adv., ossc.:.
price, prize, le-pHS;
pro^erous, heureuz.prospere
publisher', ViditeUr, m.. '
to punl)3h, pimir (47).
punished (partic. ), puiii,
pupil, ZV/,»ve, in. and f.
\ put, prut on (partic. ), mis.
queen, la reine. '' ^^.
question, la question. ' ' Tl
quiet, tranquille. ^
^ quite, adv., lout, to.ul i\fdi(.
railway, Ze cAemm rfe/cr. *
"rain, to joZwic.
rather, adv., ^?M^.
read (partic. perf. \, lu.
T^^^^Y^ prit, -e, pHpari. i
"^^Jfs' ^"^'^^'■^ (47, and pp.
*>0, 61). ^'.
received (partic), reftt. iT »
to, recite, rieiter. 9k
to recompense, riamipenser.
red, roi^e ; roux, -sse.
to refuse, refuser.
reign, Ze r<»i/»t.
to relate, racewap-. ,
to rely, compter n^^
replied (partK. p«
to reply, r^pondre, ri
>
to retuim, Intrans. , r«„^
trans, rendre,i^i^en
to reward, rUcompenser. ' ^
the reward, to ricompeim fS
rewarded (partic. ), nieofnpi^^ ,
%,:
8o
ENGLISH-FRENCH VOCABULAkv
Rhine, U Rhin.
rich, riche. [be — (16)
rtfirbt, adj. and mhat.' droit : to
npe, mUr, -e.
to rob, voter.
rock, le roc, rocher.
rod, la verge.
roof, Ze <oi/. ^ . , rj-
room, tecAamSrc; (space) »Zac<?'
rule (reign), le rigne.
' rule (gram.), ruler, la rigle.
Russia^ laltussie.
', Russian, le Russe. , '
sad, triste, affliaeant, -,
salt, lesel; adj. saU.
satisfied, sa<i5/az7j. "
Saturday, samedi, y,
saving, thrifty, 6;omu„,<,^
saw = have s^n, ai vu (W»7.
scholar, VicoUer, m., la savant
school, r^cole, f.
schoolboy, V^colier, m.
Scotland, I'Ecosse, f.
sea, to mer; sea-side, le hord
de la, mer.
season, Ut saison.
BeconA,seco7id,-e;dcjixUme(24).
to seek, chercfier. •
seen, vu, partlc. of vnir.-^
to Select, choisir.{i7).
to sell, vendre (51).
servant, fe, to, domestique.
several, plusieurs, ni. and f.
shall (15, 19, 35, 37).
she, eZZe(5, 39, 41).
ship, ie vaisseau (25),
shop, le magasin.
should (16, 20, 35, 37).
to show, montrer. ■
to shut, fermer. / '
sick, malade.
silly, niais, -e ; sot, -te ; Ute.
silver, V argent, m.
since, conj. (tim e), dtyuis que.
-— (cause); puisque. '
. since, prep,, depuis.
to 8lng, xhantti: \ ,
Bister,
la aaeur.
situated (partic), sitiuf,\e.
amskll, petit, -e.
so, adv.,«; so,.. ,as(32).
soap, le savon.
soft, mou, mol, -le (48).
sold, vendu.
soldier, le soldat.>
some, adj, (30), pron. (42).
son, le^ls (pron. =Jiss).
song, la chanson, lec/iant.
soon, bientdt.
sorry (for), /dch4 (de) • diaoU.
soul, Vdme, f. \
soup, la soupe.
to speak, parler.
spectacles, les lunettes, f.
to spend, passer, dipenscr (30).
spider, Varaignee, f,
to spill, versa:
Broken; parld.
^ St. Petersburg, St. Fdterslmtrg
to Btay, Tester, derkeurer.
steel' pen, la plumi d'acier.
still, adv., encore.
story (history), I'histoire, f.
street, lame.
strict, sM'rf, -e, arfv^re:
to strike, /rajojoer.
student, Vitudiant', m.
to study, itudier.
subject, tksujet.
to. succeed, reusair (47)-.
successor, le successeur.
sugar, le mere.
summer, Viti, m.
sun, le aoleil.
Sunday, dimancJie, m,»
^swallow, Vhirondelle, l
Switzerland, ia Suisse.
table, la table. ~
taken, jrris, partic. o{ prendre.
Msto, le goM. • .
tea, le the (th=t).
le,^ taquiner ( mnute).
- -, diz (22). N
hanaes, la Tamise.f-
than) yuc (32).
to thpak, remercier, rendre grdce.
j-;5r^-^
that, conj., que. t^q-.
♦? '7^?*°'*®'^emonstr. (44)
the, le^ la Us (1-6, 28, 29).
theatre, h thSdtre {th=t)
their, adj., /ewr (7, 38).
theirs, pron. (38).
them, to them (39)
" then, dojic, alors (aa to time)
' thence (42). '
there, ^,>, y(43).
there is there are, impers.,
■ *^erel6, demonstr., wi'M
these adj. (6) ; pron. (44): "
they (6, 39, 41). '
thlngr, la chose.
to think of, penser h.
third, troisUme (24).
*K^V^f„r^' tWrsty(16).
thl8adj.(3);thicone,pron.(44),
thHher, y (43). ^~'
those adj. (6) ; pron. (44).
thread, lefil. " ^ '
throne, le trfine.
th^s azra^i, dfe cettc rmnUre.
"oy (7j.
time, Zc temps;
times,./ow (22).
<^(26, 27, 29).
to It, to them, y (43).
^o-da.y,aujourd'htii. ' " m
to-morrow, demain. ■
towel', Za tour. '
^^^t '■^^^' ('^ "»t liqai<l).
tragedy, fa trag^die.
translation, fa, traductwn
travel, le voyage.
traveller, & voyageur
treastire, fe Zr^sw.
tree, I'arbre, m.
true, wai, -c;/rf^fa
trunk, fa »iaZ/c.
^urkey, fa yg=^,^^^...=i=^
t'WO. if.eti'^ lnn\ ^
ENGLISH-FRENCH VOCABULARY
81
^^!^^
uncle, Voncle,.m.
under, prep., so7«.
unwell, indispose, -c.
upon, prep. , «ir.
us, 710US (39).
used to . . . Iinpf. (14)
useftil,, t^tVe. ^ ^ ^
very, Ms, fort. Men.
vessel, Ze inmeau (25)
victim, fa victime.
voice, fa wia; (a; mute).
W
to wait (foi5, a^ewrfrc (51)
waiter, leaarfon.
wall, Ze 7;^r, fa cloiinn,
war, Za grMgrre (?* mute)
walnut. Zano/o; (a. mute),
walnut-tifee, Za noyer (er=e)
want n'/w,..!,^ „.....■_ .^-^1 .'•
[quelle heu're ? to waS. SZS ^ t^^r~('''-=«)-
What time 9 wS.'lt: 5' ^^'^r *e,^^.Ze.
two, tZcMa; (22),
U
USrly, laid, -e ; vilain,
warm, chaud, -c (16) -
was (13, 34, and p. 55).
w^A r^' 'V'^^'^' ^^««^'«>-
watch, la montre.
water, Z c«m, f.
.■«^e ^5, 39, 41).
to weaf, ;?o>¥cr.
weather, Ze temps. "''
to ^ff^'''^*^«''««.'^MiO'o«r«(23).
to weep, cry, pleurer. '
3f?f°^^' i' (^"^ *^««"«w«(c).
wSas-'q^^'^^'r"'^^*^"^
were (IJ, 34, and p. 55)
wh^t? adj., ^„,Z(.,);y,/;z;,(,)^
— , pron., qic4f ^ ^
when, quand.
where, od,
\ quelle{s)f
mterrog. pron. lequel,
i^n^ielsflaquelleAes-
qvellesf
which, relat. pron. (46)
/
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WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580
(716) t72-4503
83
ENGLISH-FRENCH VOCABULARY
White, hlanc, f. blanche.
who, qui (45, 46).
whom? intern, quit relat.,
q^ie; after prep., qui (45, 4(5)
whose, (27, 45, 46),
why, pourquoi.
wild, sauvage.
wlU, aux. V. (15, 19, 35, 37).
William, Guillaume {u mute).
window, lafeii&lre, la craisdc.
wine, le mn,
winter, I'hiver, m. {-er=air).
wise, sage.
to wish, souhaiter, d6sirer, voUloir.
With, prep., avec.
without, satis, with verb in the
infinitive,
wolf, le loup, f la louve.
won (partic. ), gag/i^.
wool, la laine.
vrorkft ouvrage, m., le travail.
to work, f.ravailler.
worse, adj., plus mauvadc, pire.
worthy, digne.
would (15, 20, 35, 37, and pp.
54-62). "^
written, Scrii, partic. of icrire
wrong, tort (16).
ye (21).
year, Taw, m., I'annie, f.
yes, oui. [one syllable).
yesterday, hicr {ino\\.=yair,
yet, adv., entore.
you (5, 39, 41). *
youngr, jeune.
your, adj. (8 and 38).
yours, pron. (38). '
yourself (44).
THE END
, /'»■*
rrfHU^fiy R. ^ R. C.^KK, I.,M,TK„, /?^i„M„r^.
mp
By G, EUGENE FASNACHT, '
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