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IMPORTANT AND ALA
O.C><^>-C' ''*Z'-^'>
excilr univrrful ahrrr,
longer (ilcnt. IVrhaps
A L F. T T F. K
Hon. TIMO rnV IMC.M.RINC.,
A Senator of ihr Unltrd S'at«-s, from ihe
Stair of MalTachulrtis, cxhthiiing to his
Cjondiiucnts, a virw of thr nnminrnt
d^necr of an UNNKCKSSARY ^tu\
RUINOUS WAR, nddrpllVd lo his i'.x-
Ccllcncy J/vMiis Sui I IVAN, Govr.f r of
(aid State.
City of IVafhirtf^ton, Ffb. i6, i8oS.
SIR, '
IN the even current of ordinarv tirTT":, an
addrrfs from a Senator in Congrrfj to his
conftituents might be di(prnf"'1 with. In
luch times, th<5 procerdmjjs of the Fr.ccMtivfi
and Legid^ture of the. United Slates, <-xhibit-
ed in their pul>lir. nth, tnighi hr lulhcient.
But the preienl (inguiar condition of our
country, when its rnoil interefltni» cnncrrn?,
wrapt up in myltery,
requirf-s mc to hr no
lam liable to ceniure, at luchacrifis, for not
looncr prefenting, to yon iind th'-m, fuch a
view of our national afTaira as mv otHcial luua-
tion har. placed in my powr. I tu^w aH.Hiels
iltoyju, Sir, as the proper orgUJ of r.om-
munica'ion to the Lep, future.
The aaainment of t r cth is ever defirHhle' t
9Tid I cann-.t permit myleU lo doub'. ih;»l t.he
ftatement I now m3k<* mud be arcrp'^blo to
all who have an agency in directing the af-
fairs and who are guardians of the intr.rlt
of our Cotnmonn'fnf.tk, which (o rn^teti \'.\' Hr-
pr.irl Oil the m'alures of the govfmmoif '•■ •''.'•
nation. At the l.t-rie tirrr, lamawaic .rihc
icaloufy wi' h whic*., iniheic unbd^.py ciavs
of narty ditrendoMi, ir-/ c:omin»imcat ions. n..<\\
by icnc of my ct>n(ruiuMits, be received. tJf
this 1 will not compUin : while I eai nt-illy
wifh the inmc jeaio'ilv to be extended to-
v/.udt all public m-n. \ ri I may cUim \o:vr.
fharc of attralion and ctedi: — 'hiU fharc
which i$ dut; to the man who defies the world
to point, HI the whole coutle of a long and
public life, at one inft^nce of deception, at a
fingle dcp<<rtiirc fro-n tm; ri:.
The KMBARCo Jein»(ids the firPi notice. —
F.>r perhaps no ?tt of the niitional govcrn-
incni has ever ptodtued fo much (olicicude, or
{prcad luch univtrl.*! alarm. — liccauie p!1 i.a-
tuialiv conclude, th.it a n:(/u:c prcgn-nt wuh
incalculable miichief to Jill clnfrcs of our frl-
low-ci^irens, would not have been propol' d
by the I'tehdcnt, and adopted by Cnrig>ef<,
but for cauics deeply atie^lirig theinteielU
and iafctv of ilic nation. It mufi have hrtn
und.-r the iniluencc of this opinion th«t the
l<-gifl.uive bodifS of 1 ;ne Statf s have rxpreil-
rd their apptobatioi. of the embargo, cuher
, . ^xpedi '■ f emh»r-
f» ), iva> ol iUtlc moment, ^h :. the d^n^rr
to rinr vellris. Teamen .itiu mcTchandtze, h^d
f»rtri fo pxtremr as not to admit of one day's
drl-jv, 'Mp.ht not that extreme dinger to have
b'-n exhibited to Congrefi P The Conflitu-
lion, which requires the I'lcfident •' to give
to Congr<-is infotmatioM of th<: fT:ate of the
union," certainly meant, not parlinl, btit com'
pine infoimation on tlic fubje^l of a commu-
nication, lofar as fie poifeded i(. And when
it erjoins him " to recommend to their con-
((delation iuch meafures as hr fbould judge
i.ecefiarv d expedient," it as certainly ifi-
icndcd thjt thofe recommendations fhould be
bottomed on informat- n (.^mmunicated, net on
/rt<-7f I'.'ULhdd^ and locked up m the F.xrcu-
"tive cabinet. Had the public t-fety been at
flake, or any great public g*Mvd
fenfcd to our view, but wh'
by a moment's delay ; ther'-
iome apology for drjpat'i.,
afting vilhout due mformatio,
meafure appe'4red t 'hen, a
pre-
loll
^ccn
ne for
I,
(8
It appears to ;ne public, v . )ul .*
■ motive, without a Ic^inm-it- i '')(6l.
fl-
i" general enquirv — '' -' 't 'S
,'ir
■;. laid?" And I ci-.si;.- •■;:'. a. . m;*
\
• the Executive !. I
knov
ri^ le rrelluj-rt fair! i j)aper8
abov
,1 lotici 'V,i.;- ' t f-,^» Pii : 4nd wi-
Creali'..
nm">T i'-ls, «ur
Icionrn,
, . ,\n.: I ^'fo
knn>\
;;,;, ,, , / r.ngrrs .
■ ■ ■■^\
\v'- tr'. cji li;- ■ ji" .• amen had
i, .; '.)C*
n well aupti/c. . i i^ BfUifh procla-
inati'T)
lid miiiy <ijys before been pubhfhed
11 thr
1 ■ v'-^-p,'pr- ;. , the t'opy l«id before us
^^._._. i:^:
J-ij.
*-% r Kl
Ltviica t to n .
Uy the i'rt lidcnt liid b( c.i cut out of a ncvvs-
l)ai;e.i-, ' ;ind lo had the (ubilance if not the
wi'rds of Regnier's Irnci. Vet they had ex-
11U-..1 little rvvcciu ainoog mei chants and fea-
tn-n, thr prcin viitioo oi whole petfotis anc
proo.-riv was th'' fy)o}c:'/'-d t^hjc^ of the Prefi
dent's vccommcnnauon of an embaigo. i nt
merchants and learncn could accurately efti
mat'' th- din^ern of oulinuing their commef
cial o'j«:ra(inn. ; of whicli da'vge; s, indeed, th^
actual ptemiuins of inlurancc were a latiifac
torv go-^gc. Thole piemiums had very littl
incVc'led; bv the Biiiilh ptoclaiTiatiou not
cent : and ijy the Ficnch decree I'o little a
rioi i> U.^J commcrci.4l enterprizca. Ih
jr;';at ivimbris ...f vrfi'ds loading or k.adcc
;.nd piepiicd for lea; the exertions cvtr
where m.-de, on the (iili rumour of the err
barjjo, lo d:lpitch ihem ; demonftiatc th
Prchdenl's dangns to be ima^nui? y — t) hav
been u^umcu. Ur if gicat and real dan^ei
unkrvjwtj to commercial men, we.e imjiei
or lu(c to Jail, how deluablc vas it /
'hem f";i'Kti:/(>' declared j*nd publifl
have had
UmiNG INFORMATION
1-
j-
:n
n«
ri-
ni
u-
at
c-
Ai
en
or
he
ss,
a
e.
IS
an
r
cr>
va-
>(ir
'i .
ru-
led
: US
WS-
thc
ex-
tea-
and
■rii-
rhc
ner-
thr,
fac-
iitlo
iot a
r as
The
dcd,
v*ry
c n; -
tlv
havt:
end-
ii 'o
,,-s, ard under al! c ! ream H iff rr«;, Ihe
ui.iF.umlv refuted lo rrhnqu fh. 1 he .<
of the fu^'f-fUK-ni negotiati- n .a London
fho.vn h'W utterly unfuundrd wds the Ticl-
df nl's cx'tcrt-tiino, hnw pnle^.ly ufrlefs all
this bluftri of war. \Vhi!r t.o well inform-
rd man doubled thai the l^finfh governmrnt
would m<ik.(^ (uiiiblvi rcparati^jn for the at-
ta^U on the Ch({apenke \ the Preddent him-
fe'f, in his procl-maiion, hjd placed the aft. ir
on that footing. A rupture between the
tv/onnions, (-id he, "is cquallv oppoled to
the iniriclts of both, as it is to ^iTur-nCrs of
the m^ift friendly dnpohlions «>n the part of
th2 Biitirh giv rr.ment, in the midll of
which ihis outr^g- WHS CMmrn^tted. In thu
light the lubjefl cannot but prt lent itleU lo
that govcrnmfnt, ^t-.d Itrencihc-n the -Tiotivrs
to an honour-b!c repwiauon tor the wtong
which h-£ been done." Ard i'. is now well
knuwn that fuch reparation might have b':en
promptly obtained in London, frad the Tieh-
; n'di >ions to Mr. Monpor been
-jfnp-iiDlc )ih fuch an adjuUrnent. He
*a$rcqjired not to negotiate on this Gnglc
tranfioDt aft (which when once adjulled was
forever fettled) but in connexion with
another claim of long (landing, and, to f^y
the lca(f, of doubtful right ; to wit, the ex-
emption f.otn impre'itnent of Britifh (e^mcn
found on board American merchant velTcU.
lo remrdy ihaevil arifing f/orn its exciciir,
by which our own citizens were fometimcs
:mpu-(lrd, the attention of our government,
under evety admini(lr-i;on, had beencaincfU
ly r.ngap,ed : but no pr-aicablc plan has yet
been contrived ; while no man who regards
the truth, will qucll'on ihc diipolitiun of the
Hrit'h government to adopt any arranf;cmcnt
that will .ecur- to Gie«tt. Britain the Icrvices
of h:r otvn Juhjctls. And n'>w, when the
unexampled hiuation of that countiy (lefl
w'tlioi.t one ir.ftance rf a m n being i*kr'-. Ky
?,;■■■•:. Ihrec Swedes wefc takvn out by -
h^s French tr ga'c 1 ■ -v- 'i'<ie cnquiiy of ^.i
a ! o n
„ clom:Mntr-in the ccnfl-a with I'ranccand
her nuii^crous dependent States — left alone
to '.vith:'tand the power which menaces the
libetiicsof the woild) rendered the aid of all
her fubiedls more than ever needful', theie
was no te^fouable ground to exictl thai (he
would yield the right to t^kc them when
fecund on board the mcrcfiant vcdds of any
nation. 'I'hus to inliil en her viclding this
Doint, and iulcparably lo conned it wiih the
."liian- of the Chf/apfuke, was tantamount to 4
determination not to negoti^.'.: at all.
I ttrrite. Sir, with freedom •, for the I'.me^
arc tno perilous to i^.low thoic who aie placed
in lugh and relconfiblc hlualions to be iilent
or refeived. The. peace and iafciy of our
counlrv are (ulpcndcd "u .i ihirad. ihc
courfo'wc haveicen nurlued lea-33 on to war
the mailers that nave ari.vcd \n this virinnv,
and c.mnot find arv cc r^pl*inis auan.fV .•*
Hiitilh crui/.eis."
C^an geijtlennen of knowri hatuuy to foie ; ;^
fomiTjercc J" i ur c:jh vfjlfli — who ate C'-,
willin? lo cnri/iltJt::* (arid Inch there aic; —
an ihele gcntleinrn nlf.id the caulc (.f 'ui
/,r.r''.ri brraufc rhev ';:■:>• u Ih n. proUtt
thetii I" C-in Ukic dtlirc \o pioiici out id-
men, who, by laying m\ unncccifary ettibarg^^
expoie ihem by thsmlinds to flarvf or i(^ ."--
Que grntlrmdn has Uid (and i believe Uc.
does not fland alone) ih^i ;ooruM tlun admiC
iht principle that (i n-al-iii il.on l.i-d a riji^hr
to t^ke hfr oz^n Jrljttfi fiom our incrihant i./-
^,Yf,hc would ab-ndon commerce a'logc! !rei l
IV) what will every man m Ncw-Kn;^land, and
of the cth'.-r navigating Slates, altiibcfuch
a lentimcnt ^ A lent ment wliich, to pie-
vent the temporary lols of hve men, by im-
prcfs, would reduce hfty ihoul^nd to begga-
ry <' Hut for the embargo, thoufancU depend-
ing on the ordinary operations of commerce,
would now be employed. Even under iho
icfiraints of the ctders of the Hiitilh Govern-
ment, retaliating the I'lench impcri.il decree,
v^ry largt portions of the world remain oper\
to the commerce of the United Slate*. We
may yet purine, cm trade v;ith the Britifh
dominions, in every part of the globe ; wuft
Afric.T, with China, and wrlh the colonic*
of Trance, Spain, and Holland. And let mc
a*"!^, wliether, in the midft of a profound
peace, when the powcis of Europe poffcfliDg
colonies, wc^uld, as foiincily, confine tha
trade with them to tneir own bottoms, or ao-
r^it us, as forcigneri, only under gicat lim-
itations, wc could enjoy a commeicc much
mote extenfivc than is pi;i6lic:iblc at this m--
mvnt, " the embargo were not .a the w-v i*
Why then Ibould it be continued? Why
rather was it ever laid ? C.^n ihofc t;e legiti-
mate rcalons for the embargo which arc con-
cealed from Congicis, at tne mtnicnt when
they arc required to impoie u r Are ti;e ica-
fcns to be found in ihc difpatchts fiom Pans ?
Thcfc have been moved for ; and the motu n
w.'S quailicd by the -dvotates tor the cmbaigo.
Why arc iheic diipatthes withheld by the Kx
to' a vv^ar rvuh l./)eai l>iit.ain — a wat
cb-
foiutcly without riccciluy — •'
L.-.I J: ( .. n .,■>■ .p <-ir lnrrr(slnL
war \v'iic;i,
mull btinR
cuiivc ? Why, wiicn all claCca ofcit-acr^s
anxiouQy enquire *' for wh-l is the enbargo
laid ?■■' is a faiisfa£tojy aniwcr denied ? Why
IS not Congrei's mudc acquainted with the ac-
tual fiiu-tion of the United States in iclaticii
to France ? Why, in this dangerous cnhs,
arc Mr. A kn-.t ko n u's letters to the Secre-
tary f)f Sl-ic abloiutcly withheld, iuthat s
line of thi.m c-.niot be Iccn ^ Uid they ^vv
tain no infoinaiion of the demands aid ii.-
tentions of the French F.mperor ;' Dd tbc
.0
l, J
1.25
.4
?0
13
1.6
FhotogiTiphic;
Sciencies
Corpomtion
23 WEST MAIN STREtT
WEBSTER N Y 1458C
716 872-4503
^
U
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AdOitionai j^ o' t ftierits
I nivi
out) /;
rned at :he reduction ratio checked below
docurTihffH est rilme au tiux de reduction indique ci dessous
)X
^4X
18X
•>o
X
26X
30 X
'2X
D A
20 X
:.ix
28X
Maps, plates, charts, etc may be filmed at
different reduction ratios Those too large to be
entirely included in one exposure are filmed
beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to
right and top to bottom, as many frames as
required The following diagrams illustrate the
method
Les caf"tes,
film6s ^ de:
Lorsque le
reproduit e
de Tangle s
et de haut (
d images n(
illustrent la
n e ! '. J r M
1
2
3
J
r—
1
2
3
4
5
6
js pi cinches tciblecjux Ht< pouvni tTi??^
des taux de reduction diff6rents
le document est trop grand pour etre
t en un seul clich6, il est filmed ^ partir
e si.'p^rieur gauche, de gauche d droite,
jt en bas, en prenant le norribre
; n6cessaire Les diagrammes suivants
: la m^thode
6
*pi»'
I'hr cMRARCO Jcrn»ndilhr firfl noiirc. —
pcrhapt no?fct<'f'^ic n,«tional (govern-
ment h««H<'vrr ptnduird (o mucli (ohcituii**, dr
fnrcad Iwch univrri-l i»!aim. — liccaulf .ill i.j-
tuiallv (<mciudr, tint a mcai'jre prcfr'-iii' w^^^
incitc'tlable milchirf m ;'ll rhiflfS of
low-cv'l/.rns, woultl not hjvp hfen p(.-;H'i''.l
by the Prfrulent, atui adop-rd by (>n-R'rf<,
hut tor c.iulcs rlrepiy ;iH^H't^;T t he inteifl!*
and lafeiv <'^ ilic nation, h mnU have t>r»T»
und r tbr inilucnce r.f this opinion that ih*:
Ifgifl.utvr l»()dl^•^ of 1 vnr Stairs li^vc rxiii^lt-
rd tbrir *p;)tt)b.>tint. i)f the fmS..i^n, <uiitr
cxpl'.citlv, or by im|i'.icatu>ii. ^
The following weip all ibe papers ..id by
thr VirjidrntbclorcCnngie'.s, as ibc i^Mu.ndj
of Ihc rmbargo.
X. riir prntlamation of ih'' King ot Urrj?-
Bntam »c«|uir\n^ the return of ht« fulijcdv,
the Ir.dVTien crv>cci*lly, ffo.n foreign cnunlncs,
to aid, lu ih;«. h.'Ui <d pf tu'.i^i (ia'ij^T, m the
dcfrnrcuF ihcir tuvr:. But itbciug Ju dtktiov*
l-di'rd v.rinciplc, that .'Vrrv n*t on hi* a
light to itir (rr'.- iC' '
^ar, th.it prucl.!;ii.Tii'.-:i icuUi nui iiJi.'i
\>.|^hl<Ci j',t(-uiul tor a'l « tnbaitM>.
1 |,r', vii.,^^ ( f a i'l'" tiO"n
'. ii-
2.
hxdgr K
^jCUfi.ll i''
;ontainrd .' j
<''r f
> I <i
nd
>aili-i mil jur'-i.'''"n uf the i7i-
)eriai
ibci
I
Mo( V-diiig (\c<rvr ( \ ■ .'ovrm
i8c#j. This drctrr, n-.drrd, ^u(.\ its intprpic
atior, piefent n-^T.ita v- ;.u;<'i-,s of cu. nr...
ral iiffhtr., :»nd rf «h- r>..lliiig tiru'y bctwvcn
he I'miifi States .»iul Fiance: but Uil!, I'nr
•xrcij'.ion ot 'hit d<*C!f= could finl fr;>:n t*r
ma
*A C 1 f
:'ii(\pr, Mr, Ak
F
rrncii
nutnbn nt French ciuir/-!
ntcrrupi vkx inde. Thclc tv/o p.*pti
lublM ,
1. The Ic-.'.cr iiom our M
T RON r . ' ' *t • . V n ...... ..
J. M I . Lh AMi'AT.N V s .iniwci. Bolhtheif
ugh', in i'lvm <•: lubU/.ntr, ;t!!o to hnve hfrr.
jadc pi'biic. 'I be lal'— '
jQird to our nation hm
ud cvpeHations of Frai t-. I'.ut both vvr.c
•ithdrawn by the Prcuirnl, lo he dcpofitcd
rxecu'.ive (rcicts; whilr nri-
actual prpmiutns of iniurancr were a latiitac-
\ .rv Rir-gf. 'l"ho(c picniiuTis had very litt!'"
nil If , led. bv ihc Biiiilh piocUiration not -
cent ; and by ihe Fiencb d;-trcc io ii£i!r a;
not I cnmirercMl enirrpri/c*. Fht
"M uf vefTeU blading or I .;^dcd
,M-i |n.-('..cd for lea; ihe Pxrrtio;i'= fv^rj
wheie fn.'d-, t)ti ihr (iill tumour of the em
b,iTj>o, lo dilpiUh ihfiri ; dcnionllt.t'.e ih'
I'rtiidenl'* dau>}rr«i lo br tmi-wn^^y— t.) hav(
bren u^um^n. Ur if gicH and real d^n^cm
utikr.jlvu to coinmfTc.*! men, wci' impei.'^
?nj>, .11 hue to }al!, how dt-luabk v.-aa it
have n-d tlirm r'fiiuiHy drciarcd and puMiib
cd ! Tins wnuM hav«- piodvicd a vchjnur '
embart;o, and prcveiit^'d e.vctv complaini
Brhd-':, tlic dangers clcaily dcHncd and ur
driffu..d, ihe pur he mind would not hnv
brcn fliiiTi'ctcd with imaginaiv feaif, ih
r-iore tutmcniifi^., brcautc unciTiain,
h IS Hue that C'Minder.biC numbers of v
'rU wriecolletl-d m rut p -rts, and m-^ny hei
in luipcnie ; no', I Mwrvet, fiom any nr'
darif^rti which rtf-pr.p."!' ; bui fmni i^ c rry
trru)U!» cundui-t id t'ur ^h mi f, after ihc a
iAck on thp Ch(hf':ok: : and fiomiiic \u\u\-
apprchenh.on thai the coutfe nlic Prrridci
was puiiuH'g would trrmi'ia'r in v/ar, Ir
Natxvna' Intcl'^^^'n-r- (uluallv conhdcicd
thr F.xrcuuve newspaper; f,2ve the aia;
jnd u v*r. echoed ihiough li^e Uni'.ed Suit
^'A'jr, probable ot ir'cviiabic w-f, was li
ct-nl^an? ihcrri'- of inc ncv/i'.-f..H'»cts, and
tie converlaticns, a: ^M'i tcponrd, of pc
Jun^ fuppoled to be bed inf"imcd of Lxec
tivr d::ViC;ii>. Yet amid this din of wai,
ptrpaialionu we:r fecn tra'.ing
Ii. , u, Thp cider to detach
ihc
B(
h
non^ otoc!
n , '
in
.hci pirfcnttd ar.y n'-.v fo.oand '.a
rmbarg' .
ih.c '3<-n,He, the!e p^per-. wcie referred
to a comtnittcr. Tlu. corraniitre quick v le-
cortcd n hUl for laying-ni cinb-ipo, ag-rcahly
to ihr Pichd.-nl'o piopo!-!. Ibis w^iSiradn
fcrll. a l^tond, 3nd a ifuid time, and pal^.fd ,
and'all in ih- Ihori (ompaia nf »bout kiur
hours.! Ah.'llc im.e was icpeatcdly .dKrd,
toobi.,in futthei infoitc^tim, snd toconhdcr
a mc-lurc oi fuch muraeni, uf toch univrr(*l
concern i but tl.Hc I'-qucft* were drnied.—
The order to dctacn a nuiuJi
tiv^^jiana iniiilia to f';',ht i!ie l^iitifh n-\
(h)r thric wriS no apprdrancc of i.t enemy
i»nv otiicr rr.'jpr) was lo coii.plelely abCu
,> : ^xtite, with men of comnun lenie,
utacr e;notiun than ifdicule- Not ifie {had<
of a rr^lon that could opri.i'.t- on the HMnO
■A rn^n of comn;:>n undci {'t.uiding can Oc off
I Its iullilicaiiot,. 1 .- icfuial i)f I
I'-ruiih cfhcc-r to receive- uir. mp^-ite Ch'J^pc
as i. f-rizi, when tendeird by }'.fi coiiMn^ti.i
15 a LVnionllMtion thai ibc dUnik upon
vvas excluhvely for thr pur;- •> of tak
thrii dcierlciS; and noi imcudcd as the c
mcnceircpt of a wsr between tbr two
tiuns. Tbc Preiidcnl knrw '.hat the Brit
had no ii>v.(d'ng aimy i>» laid C!i our Ih'T
a- (! ih'- deiarbcd mili''* would be u'cl
c-.xc;.-pt iii^Hind Isnd-ioiccs., Why th.en '
thu Older foi thr niUitta ^ivn. ? — flie ruit
of the c.'fc, and the -ttual Ujic of thu
auihcnur tlic ii.fricnrr, tViai .is u^imiduitr
nvjt us oi/? objett, was f.' inCic-k ihc p
lit .ilann, lo i>!,ui4Vdtc the puts'.u: relentn:
We wc.c ha.Ufd int. ibc i>alla,3e of the bill, aj'^a.nll U icat-hnuin, to exciie a war po
a, if there was d.np.c. <■» its bein»; .ej.aed, and in ihc height o. this aitihcial ff.-
if wc w. re aUowed tunc lo obt.in fuither the public mind, which wa> to b. rr
lnfota-:.tiun, and deliberately coniulertlie fab- known in Great-B.uain, to renew ihr
ica r.-r to that time our vedcls wr.e f.eely m.nds on her govrnuneni ; in tne poo^
i.hnr CO fo.cign vovag.s ; and in u national pettaiion of extorting, '" 'h't a..te .-. th-
po.nt of view, the departure of rudf a d..cu cunceluors of point, which dv. h.a a
or»d-nir.-r w h>!c we were ct-qumng in- conhdcred »% ))cr rights, and wr.icd at
ii!"
ot a
> as
Ihc
•^ry
cn\-
ilv
lavr
,fi«,
:ipj.
it 'o
liOi-
uiy
<iint.
un-
linvc
vel..
hell.'
n r w
myl
: at.
ini'j!
ifirnt
:d ...
arm ;
5 I he
r.ccu-
r, I','-
ng to
n-v\ ,
my lit
Dfuid,
if, no
laduvv
uio of
if the
.ipcaki
,4 n lift ,
n ) ; -* 1
■ c >
V ( ) 1 , d -
.■Srililh
h'lres ;
ilclols,
n \\' H s
nature
latr, .^
: {; u b •
Unv nX
K-;-r <.*
iu- i.C-
O r r X -
th'-::;^.
f. iind uu l)oi»rd the n.frcKant veUci» ot any
nitioii. l hus 10 tnlili -r vieldin^ vhi»
ooiM', and u.lfp;«r^b!y lu ti-nnfU it wuh ihn
!.?{an of th'T I heffipfahe, was iani4mount tu a
drterminalioa not to nrgoi:- »* at ''I-
I n-nte. Sir, with ficcdon, the vmtn
arc t"o priilouj. to ,nlow thole vshu «ic i>|-Cfd
in hi^h and relcoufible lituattons lo be aicni
o! refnved. .'he |.P4tca...t lafety "» oiir
fountrv arr {utp^ndc! <>n a ihtead. 1 he
cou.K- uchavclfcn -ui.lucH li'a^Js on to war
— to« vi>ar »y»ih t.irui nntain.—* w<i^ rb-
lolulrly without nrcclUty— • war w^-icli,
wheihc. dilaUtouRor tutcclitul, niwil hnn^.
milcty and ruin to the United JJl^ic
Sy ihcdclhnaion ol our navigiilicn auu uuui
niercc { pc.haps al!" oor f<*i.«-U h-pori town*
•.ndcltir^) the h^L; of ir^oik' ts for our pio-
ducp, the want of fnrfi[;n gnodi and trj^nu-
f-aurcF, ar.d the uui-irot to a
(lauol w.,. • A.^d ■ -r, oy :nr l'»l5 "« our
liherlv -nd o '■•oeuucnir. Fn if w"h t.u:
aid ot Luii rfrn,,>i-i<'.i.i-HntJin wcic I'-'
'o<fo
~.A
from tr,2' moimnl 'though nutieied perha^^s
with the n-mc of ■ ' we flvould become
ihc PrM'-ficCirf l^nu. Thin 13 - ic!..it lo
hvioos ihat I mu(L crave >our paid'-u \vr
.licin", it. Snrno advocate* <:f ?•>
•T.eahire'i adi^ii •- - " ■ acknowlecgr ih-t
the on-y of IVrU.un is oui Ihicld apnilL the
cAcrwhclroinp power of Frai^cc— Why ihcti
•i-) thry pci(:U m - coulee of condud t.-od.riP
I M a rupiuK' wiih (mc-'. Britain ^ — W -'l it I '
heh-ved th.-t It r piricipallv, or lolrU', to
procur- iiividlabiliiy to the ■>n-:rJu:.nt j.u^ of
*h' /''(,iird S'Htrr. r* 'oothT wr.ias, lo •,>""' ■
•r'V ', r-'Pnvr liiitifh JW ■ , <*S Wfi. <
1 boaid our mcrcl.^nt
;., , , ■ U IS » ♦-t.k that this hdS brcn r?.;u"-
[\uclc lo an .imic;*bie letiUincr"
,, . ojin. Yet a icpeal) it i*. prr-
f, . j-.vn that ill" ocfirr '■am
fuh\:d^ ■ and i he American
c .riled by milUkt, ai« d^iivfK-'|
Mjihciiiicaicd proof. 'I tye '- '
,. . , .., >.t tni'M h )rom liu* ',rnpoi^;
^ ,;ill,n.',uilhT.£ the v-ilons ot
.,v!i J a (tw yfars i'ncc w<'ie one pt o-
vvhoexiohit i!>e iamc nianof, s. lp'-4: the
■ 'niou-gc, and polkis hmiUr tc^i' ".'s.
, ; it-nog !h.ii we i'hlom ht.»i coinpUv
i: -: i^tcit navxr^atir^\ .st.itcs, how h-pp'
I- he inch cxiKMi.e Ivn.pi'ihy for Au-.e. .cdji
If. men al W.Oiinoloi* i dpecially u^ p.'-n'.h -
■T'tTi fiooi th<- lotfii). S'.«ic5, wnich have .,.■
■••'.(iici,, or lioni ilioif ?.lho>l!C blaics a:-,:--
irtivcfcamfn hr.r ^ vc.v i.niil prop'.vtn.n lu
f ;e ot Nrw '^ns^land " In Let, tr" <■■> ■'
ot f.miplaint aierrurh tcwn i.l.ao -o
i^!nciec. Thf-v lart-iv < ccur m ti,^
whwic rc<«tncn air tlurf.v T^atiVv-S. i,.' t,.:
inf,ch,.ol u) iHc Uo'i. : -^^ui-^N m ;.;.i.v
quirv about Iti impKll
l,^>, ••::>, ncr ihr ar^..,.- - -i^^"- ^^^ ^ ;^
l,jd OM caulc of Compi..i:i!, i caooui nud
ot«c ii ,glc mllHuce wl,r,r liT-y have taken one
tn.noal of- ineich.nr vc.Tcl. I hav* had
a^Qic ifi-n twenty vclTcls anivcd m ihal li;or,
1 hcfe have been moved for ; and the motu n
\¥.ti4ja!hed l<y the -dvotaie* for the e.iihat^'O.
Why rtfc theledilpattiiciwithf'fldby the Ek-
Ciji.ve ' Wliy, \\i»=ti all »:UIIc« of cinjenl
anxl'.uQy enquire ♦' tor what is the enbargo
laid i'" i«a {»ii»fa£toiy aniwei denied ? \Vt»y
IS not Onj^ffi's ni^de acquaiiurd with the ac-
tual hiu-lion of the United bt..tci in iclaticu
lo Ftantc ^ Why, in thts dangerous ciih«,
are Mr. Armstj»o?.c;'j Ictlcra to the Seirc-
faty of bt-te abloiutcly witfiheld, lo »hat ar
line of ibirn c-imot Ijr Ut;n ■* iJid i tiry w'.f-
t.iin n(» infoinaiion of the demand* aid n •
trntions of I lie French Impeior ;* D d the
'Uverrr/ fail fiotn England to Fr>o ce, .-mJ
ihcic wail ihrfC or four weeks for tlitpalfhrf
of no imponar.tc ;' Iflo, why, irgajfllc!^ of
tht! pubhr lolicitude, ^le then contents \o
caiclul'.y concealed :' If ie;.llv unlmpon.in',
what harur ran a- Ic from tr limp, Coni;rr' /
a.d mc Nati'.n, ifhaally^ th-ti tfiey coni.i ">
n.il-.u'g of trornvtu to th< fafeiy, the hl«ell^.
i,,c i, .iM)ui, or the ititerclts of the Lioiletl
:>ia ( )n ihc conti-tty, are ihi-y lo clclrly
locked ut) b<*ciu''e they will not bear the
light i' Would i!:u! difrlolire roulc the Ipitit;
0! the per^ple, ilill nutnhcnng in f)lintl
confuici-.cc m the Executive ? Has tho
Fjcnch Emperor declared t!iat he wil' hnKc
no neutraU P Has he requiifd th^t our />. •'
like thole of his valTal tlaiea in Europt\
Ihui a^ainf} Rritifh commfrce ? h tin: enib.)i;o
d 'uhliltui rompliance wiii'
thdt"^l,^rlh Uftu^i.^, v.:.: .:i n' Lxinbi'cd us ;;;.
aipcft, il'e Amcric.ii^
,t ^ Are wo »l)ll to hc
,c dcch-
' the i iwtich F.tnpciit .,
^ ' .» at car libcrtv aiiC
n^ked and mfi
indcpeno'".;
v/e, hv .'
f < .
i
1.1 1 a W 11 )i^ ! u U U
titn'", are
ciifrilhin;;
nr(h rcicntrn;-: ".^
I w jr 'Vi' h (» Ir^:al-
cMterr: anxi"!/
, ( [^ '''} kf pt f'M the r.'jV
- '-fidcnt''
-■,ce reiprtting hit i 'coili
patc.e-- ' — In thiscontc-ilmcn: ihcie i;. (.<^.j:
per, J:, this conccihncn: moil hr wrapt up
f^- -r-! r..:\'r<A the ea.-bar^o. On any other
■3 i!i'-y plirab'. .
1 , rr, ii nni:ed, Sir, at this perilous itate o'
t;-i:ri,;i • I cannot rc;^iefs my iulpiclons ; oi
foibeai ihui to errhibu to you liie grounos i.i:
lirli they re
ft. "J .';* people «iier.dv.icd tu
NT
)ofc iniplicit contMt ncr m the >«rttu)n-3;.
! .in-ernment : int'nat ut.btnuuicd confide liCc
'■(•b o-.x danger. ArrricH vvi:h that confi •<■ rL.r,
•»c I'.xccutive rn-v p'-otuie i he adi. ' ':
ralnrrs winch rri^y ovrrw h'-lni uS wuh lUiP;,
,.s lusrlv .i^ if he tud ..n arirv at his hcehs.
talic p^v.icv, or hv inordin«=t'- icais, ovT
,.untry may be H-tr-v::! i d iubjug.ted ; c
: i^oce, as lurc!y . . 'i : . ' ■ " '
Sii. thai nv one who knows me wmI th<o^e it
lo vanity, when i 'av, that 1 have ion r
jf -A'' -n.n and of pub'c ^f-
. Ai''dge, *nd W',"
iA\rh ' a:>'i
m
141111
% »-•" ••■■« -ft"
point of VJPw, ll»r drp>Hute <
or idvtrn irvf, *sh'!c v r
ituicu cutjceilioni ot points whtch l>. . lu'
iiiing jnftdcred •• her ni^tt, j-.d s^ • v
, V i,,rr:«; jitivcd in llial ti'.i'*
■y^ [ (<;■ I'ui ■(> you., that I hflvr no not iniiirt'^d upon it ^ny de.
c;)'.:i '?' ic- M\ '•'(? wi'dnm or r.:-^vre£lncls of in this full tide o! (ucccis, (
o,jr , ^ ; ! ;. lU! ronntiy is in (luidrnly arredrd : ^n alatm
immii '^'V"! '■ ''i"- 'f "'^ cd.Milial tc tl-is fjviilul apjjrch-n'.i'nis arr e.-s
■ji,i.l:t ,'-v thai ti'.^' hiintt coniiJence in cur chants, in pai licul.ir, throw
(Ivuilii i;!-ic ; ilia:. (!ic State I.-^Hl - conltrrn;tt;oii.Dic' 'dvilpd by
{5, . ■ < i.,\ know ih- f rt , and le-'d'nns on b.ugo t(i kffpthtMr ve'T'-ls
^^.; , , ',■ o ri.<l Livvs arf fo!ii>dt'd ; whit is the caulc vA this mi
'■■ iniit'^'f Static u.'kpfc faymi art vons aldrni ? W c knew it
. . a^dw-'/f /h.rgefis an- p^cthrred m tent. It zva^ t'lc unauihorizc
.',.';,,,;'/ i,'rn<"hucly and JiriuufiV con- ijh naval cp (r on th;! Amni
. . .'•:■ in. In all ihc iMaiuhr-s piikf, to J^:-:rJi for avJ i
<., t^ov »Mm)c:i', c-inmnciai infoirnatioi; is knou^n to k-iv" been re.aiid
V ,1 ! 1 ; ] I
. .. .1 g ; atui in '" thi5 ' eicit," called ^ ci'v, l\-:n often denuinded, and tis q,
that ^vrfnt c<innot hs lupplif-d. N'othin,q hut livned up. As was expedtcci
lii- I'lilc ',i ih^; c^jmrnrici-d S Jte?, cieatly men, and by the Preli'Icnt
and rir.-hJticaily cxpiell'fd, wiil lave ilicin bcRui- ohl.-iveti') the Bii'.
ff^t,, ,j',. ' "" the full infoimaiinn o
Arc- our ihoufands of (1:1:15 and vcfTcds 'o event (.^nd without waitin
rot in cu' hnbo.i.is :" A:c oui hx'.y ihouf^nd lion) ddavowcd the vifl o
ica'i rii ,,i)Q nChcnricn to be deprived ot ern- clauncd the principle of :
I' ,■ lien', and, with their fa:ni.i"S, fdm-ed arrred veircls — ind declaic
to w;int atid nrgg^iy ? Are our hundiedi of innke (uitrthle repitiation, »
th-ijidnds of f...mers to be compflled lu iuf- ufthecalc (houlrj be fully k
fcr (heir millions in Iviridiis n-orlucclo p'-. ui U,:dci fjt i; '..iitumltancc
on ?i •:( :,.nd:i ; [h.i- the I'rt fiJent may make thisaU.n, (J war ? An .ilai
an ex -eruneot ot. t':;r (uv.ienci andfoitunde, d 'q'lieted the public mind
ajd o.i the Kuvering pi .d-, the boundlels .mi- an interruption of c )mmerce
bition, and unyielding -jt rlevei ancc of the O'iSto our merchants and fe
co!q'utor of F.uropc ? S' . I hdve rc-i ■ » to i will clo.e this long lett
believe, that liie Prehdcnl contrmpl^t-s the the cxiflmg pteienccs — f^r i
cuitinuance of the emb,.r<;o un' d the Ffrnch .^^ f-n a war with Great-Bi
I'mperor lepeals his dccieet. violating as well t. The Brinfh fhips of.
h:s treaty wuh the Uruted States as every a nght claimed and cxe
neutml right; and unid Brit-iHi thcreupoa a right claimt-d and exeii
reciils her retaliating orders! — By that times whole of ihf adminiilratu
we may have neith-r fhips nor feamen : and ton, of Adams, -rindofJF.F
that is piecdelv the point to w hitii fome ue to take Ionic of the BnidV
rnen vvifli to icducc us. — 'I'o (ec the improvi' board our met chant vctlcls,
<itrtv; of this ptoj-6l (to call It by no harlhcr fmatl number of nuts, ftorr
name, and without adverting to ult;.rior of always diftinguirtiing
view:.) let us look back to former years. citizens of the Utdted State
Notwitlulanding the well-founded corn- our government well know
plaint* of lome individuals, and the muimui* tain is pcrfcdly willing to ;
of others; notwithftanding the frequent Ex- mcnt that can be d-viird,
rculivc declarations of maritime aggtrfTions to her iervice th: fttamen w
f:ominiticd by Great-Britain j notwilhlland' jicls : and at ihf ' . ^i-j t r e
ing the ojiragrous dccjees of Fiance and jcnpveffment,
ijpain, and the wanton fpoliations praftifed 2. The merchant vefTels
and executed bv their cruizers and tribunals, and Holland, being driven I
of which we lomelimes hear a faint whir{)er j dcftroyed, the commerce o
— the commerce of the United States has with one another, and wi
liitherto profpcrcd beyond allcxamijle. Our could no longer be carried
cil''?.ens have accumulated wealth; and the Here the vefTels of neutral r
public revenue, annually incrcaling, hab been their aid, and carried on
the I'lclidcnt's annual boafl. commerce of thofe nations,
rhelc fa£ls demonHiate, that although G. men thus liberated from the
Biitiin, with her thouiand fhips of war, thofe nations, in Jhe prcle
could have deflioyed our commerce, fhe has wars, were enabled to man I
really done it no efTential injury ; and that and the neutral velTeli and
the other belligerents, hetetofote rcflrained their places, became in Jat
by fonae legaid to National L.. w, and limited numty auxitiuries in war.
ty tlie fmall number of their crui/ers, have ihofc naiioui, without one
de:\) wound. ^'«-*t
s, our conimeTcn is
u m of wai is i i\{cd :
■ excited : the nier-
own into a It.'t-r of
by .1 vuluntoty «'tti-
r-lb at hnnie. And
mighty but rrilchie-
' it in Its whole fX-
'izc.l attack Of a Bnt'
nnit'iin fri.u-iic Cfvja'
> tain: Joinc dtjeritrs
cd on boa-^d^ who had
\5 often refujcdto bede--
tcci by all coniiderate
nt himicll (as 1 have
iii'.ifli (joveintri-nt,
of the ui. fortunate
hing for an applies.
L of its officer— di(-
jf fearching national
aicd lis teadinrfs to
I, »s loon iS the tlate
y known.
ices, who can juflify
alarm wnich gieatly
ind, and occihoncd
:rce extremely' injuri-
i Tea faring citizens,
letter by ll«tiog all
■hr thete are no cauies
B 1 1 1 d 1 o .
of. war, agreeably to
■xercilcd fur ages —
teicilrd during the
ations of Was a i n c-
I E FF F. RSON — COOi in*
tifh (eamcn found on
:1s, and with them a
torn the itTHJoiribility
g Eiigiifhii'cn from
iatcs. On this point
low that (rrcat-Bri-
to adopt any anange-
d, which will lecure
: who arc her oecnjub-
e exempt outs horn
:1s J*" France, Spain,
:n from the ocean, or
! of thofe countries
with their colonics,
cd on by thcmlelvcs.
al nations came in to
»n nearly the whole
tns. With thrir ica-
thf merchant Icrvice,
rcfent and preceding
m their fhips of war ;
nd (rameii fupplying
facl^ though not m
The ccn-.mcice of
inc armed Hup on the
fea appiopnated foi us p-^'*"^^''"* W'SS .ntetid-
ed thus to be !"curnd und^r ne'Jtral fl'igs ,
wh'le the merch-Mit vedels ol (i K-a: • Ijnlainj
with its tiumrroas atnu-ri Oiips to j;-.i,itd thetn,
wcie cxp>)lf?d to o(:t;!(iunal c-ptmos. — ^uch
a couile ot things (J lea'- Hr it.'in has ifhdcd,
n'>r in ihe pielcin onlv, but iti IfMinei wars ;
at 1 ad as tdi batk as that of ly-.b. And fh-:
h-iS Claimed and m.nntaintd a light t'. wnpul--
on th s comii-ttice W'\n>- limits ana icfba ats :
becau!i' it was a cmtmerce which wa<^ c;enicd
by thulc nations to neutrals itj ti;n<-s of
peace ; bccatde it was a C(»mmMCc of im-
menfe value to the fuf-jetU of her ene'., es ;
and becaufc it H.lcn ihcir trcrtfuiies wuh mo-
ney to cnahlr thrm to cany on ihcir wurs
with Great- Britain.
3. Tlie thud and c.^nlv rcmsining pirtencc
foi'a war with (ireat-Kiitain, is the nnfoi-tu-
nate aflair of the Chcjapcakc ; which havng
been already dated and expiamed, I wul on-
ly rcmaik here, that it is not to be bt-heved
that the Biitifh government, after b*-ing de-
feated as bt-fore mentioned, in its endeavours
to make reparation in London, fot the wrong
done by its lervant, would have f nt hi'hcr a
(pccial envoy to give honouiablc iati^f.tttion,
but from its iincerr defire to clofe this wound,
:/ our oivn government mould j^ijfir it to be
hiaUd.
Permit me now to a(k, what man impar-
tially viewing thefubjrtt, will have the bold-
nefs to fav, thai the. c txills any cauic for
plunging the United States into a war with
Gieat-Iiriiam ? Who that relpeas hts repu-
talic)n, as a man of common dilcer nment, will
fay 11? Who that legaids the interefts and
welfare of his countiy will lay it <* Who then
can jullify, who can find an excufc for a
courle of condua which ha» brought our
country into its prcfent ftatc of alairn, cinbar-
ralfmtnt and ditbels ? b^or mylelf, Sir, 1
mull declare the opinion, that no //« country
was ever before fo caulclclsly, and lo blindly,
thrown from the height oi piofpcriiy, and
plunged into a (late of dreadful anxiety and
fufie.ing. But from this degraded and wretch-
cd fituaiion it is not yet too laic to cfcape.
Let the difpatches from our Minilter in
France be no longer concealed. Let the I'reii-
dent perform the duty required of him by
the Conflitution ; by giving to Congrcls /^i//
information of the [late of the union in lelpca to
foreign nations. Above ail, Ut him urjoid our
ail u aL I't nation loith trance.. Let hirri tell us
what are the demands and propoi*is of her
Ruler. Had thelc been honourable to the
United States, would not the Prelident have
been eager to difclolc them ? That they are
ol an entirely ditle:cnt nature, that they atc
difkonourable, that they are ruino^^s to o^n com^
rnerciat intereffs, and dangerous to ou»
and mdeftendcncct we arc left to infer.
I hope, .-sir, that iVc* raturr and maanitucje
o;' the !ubje6c will futn;(h a lufticient apo'to*
gv for the length and lU le of tins letter. I'cr-
h;ips io'.nr may derm u ptefumptuous thus to
uucllion ihc con; dneis ol the proceedings of
o'ji gcver runent. A ittorig lerilc ol duty,
and cndieilirg appielunfions 01 N.'tional ruin,
have forced i!><* tafk up'jn me. T'> lomr the.
Iciitinieritj which, in i h,e iiriceiuy of n ;,
h^'art, I have cxprciied, may give otlencc :
for often no.hing oflerici. lo much as -i ii r rw.
Yet 1 do not delire to oliend any n;an. But
when 1 It'c the dangeiou;i extern of Executive
11 flticnce ; when I lee the Great Council of
the Natu^^ called to en»6l laws deepl) *fieCt
iiig the intcrcfls of all cl?Mes of citizens, with-
out aJrcjuate information of the icaionsot that
call: wt»en 1 oblerve the deceptive gU-{ic»
wuh which the mifvhicfs ol the cmbaigo ate
at einpted 10 be palliated ; and pojUricr events
adduLfd rfs jedii-as to jultify tljc n:C4iuie ;
wiien 1 know that the ruk-' ot coniiuu'ng their
CiimiDcitial purluits iij>*n,ita!l knonri darii-frs
can and will be more accurately c<«lci laird by
our incichnnts than by our govei !.»!> nt :
wlien if any new dangers to commerce wCic
iinptndiiig ot which our rr.eichants wctc uu-
iiitormcd, but ci which the governmcr,t ch-
idiiicd the knowledge ihiough its Minifter
at Pans, or cHrwhcrc, it was plainly the duty
ot tiie Executive lo m^kc ifiolc dargeia
known 10 Congrcls and the nation ; ar^d hncc
if io made kr>own, the mercharts and Ica-
laiing citizens would, for thcii own intritfls
and lalesy, have taken du*- precautions to
gu.iid agrfuilt them ; and as it iunce appear*
ccitain that an ctnbargo was not neccU.iiy to
the iaicty of" oui leamcn, oui v. ifel?, or our
merchandise;" when, Sir, 1 (cc and tonfiider
thelc things, and ihcir evil tendency : in a
woid, when 1 obletvc a ccurfc of piocceding
which to mc appears calculated to aiiflead t.hc
public mind to public ruin; I caanot be
liKiit, Rcgardir.li, iheufore, of perronai
conlcqucnccu, I luve undeitakcn to commu-
nicate ihclc details; with the view to difli-
paie detngeruus il.uiioti. , to give to my con-
Ituucntfc cunca intoimai:ont to excite en-
quiry ; and to roule that vi^'ilani jralculy
which is chara6tcn(Uc oi RLi'U BLIC AN S,
and clacniul to the prelcrvaiion of ilicr
lights, ibcir libeilics, and ihcir indcpcnd-
cnce.
1 have the honour to be, very rc(pc8,fullyj
Sir, your obedient Iciv^nt,
iiMUniV riCIvERIXG.
Uis txcellency JAME:^ SULLIVAN,
Uoiernor i^f the Commcncucaith vj-
Majachujttts,
— Uic commerce of the United States has
liitherto profpercd beyond all cxamijlc. Our
cil"/rris have accumula'ed wcalih; and the
public revenue, annuallv incrcaliiig, has been
the I'iclidcm'a annual boad.
rhefc fa£ls dcmonfliate, that although G,
Jiiitain, with licr thouland fhips of war,
could have dcflioyt-d our commrrce, Qie has
really done it no efTcntial injury ; and that
the other belligerents, heretofote rcflraincd
by fome irgaid to Naiional L^w, and limited
ty the fmall number of their crui/ers, have
with one another, and wii
could no longer be carried <
Here tiie vcllelsof neutral n
their aid, and carried on i
commerce of thofc nations,
men thus liberated from the
thofe nations, in the prcl'e
wars, were enabled to man il
and the neutral veil -Is and
llicir places, became in fad
narnty auxiliaries in war. 1
ihofc nation*, without one i
Frov
y
r/
lllVI\^UViiU4-
With ihcir colonies, the Conituuiion ; ^y p^iviiig lo ^^un^roaja.* '-e'-'. '"^" ..u^.v.v,., omm ...... ...v..,^.
• I nations came in to foreign nations. Alwvc atl, Ui hm ur,Jold our 1 have the honour to be, very refpeafully,
r, nearly the whole aihial ftuatton mth trance. Let him tcil us Sir, your obed.rnl le.vr.nl
ns With thrir (ea- what arc the dcmi-nda and piopoUls of her llMOlIn riCKLRlAO.
:hf merchant Icrvicc, Ruler. Had thefe been Ao«o.ra5j? to the ^ , s, v. cr- , i n- , sj
■clent and pteceding United Stales, would not the Prchdenl have Uis Ixcellincy JAML6 SLLHIA^,
n thrir (hips of vsatt been eager to dilclolc them ? Ihal they aic (^^vtrnor vj the CommonwaUh of
nd (earned (upplying ol an entirely diilercnt nature, that they are Majachujttts,
rac'^, though not in di fhonour able, ih^iihty ^\c ruino^^s to cm com-
The con-.mcrce of rnenial intcrcfts, and davi^noui to our ', --w
nc armed fhip on the and independence^ wc arc lett to infer.
oviDENcs ; Priiued by JOHN CARTER,
'^T
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