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^■■Rl
NEW FAMILIAR
ABEMKIS AND EMLISH
DIALOGUES
The first ever publislietj on tlie grammatical system
BY
Jos. Laurent, Abenakis Chief
,-'fi!K0t~-^Sm^— -
ViWN'lVA) Ji\ LEC.F.n BROLTSSKM"
1881
29
5593
Enlered acconling to Act o( Parliamuril, in the year one
llionsantl oight hundrod and eiglily-lonr, J.y .lobepli Laun-nl,
in Iho ollico of iho Minister of A<?riciiUure jiiid Sl.itislics of
llio Dominion ol' Canada.
t
NEW KAMILIAK
ABENAKIS and ENGLISH
DIALOGUES
The i\\>{ ViK-ahnUwy ever publinliod in the Ahoiiakii*
language, comprising :
THE ABENAKIS ALPHABET,
The Key lo the Pronunciation
AMD
MAXV (illAMMATICAL EXPLANATIONS,
ALSO
SYNOPTICAL ILI.USTIIATION8 SHOWING THK NU.VKIlors
MODI K 10 ATKINS oF THE
ABENAKIS VKR?,, &c.
TO Wmcil IS A1>J)E1)
The Etymology of Indian Names
OF OKKTAfN LOCALITIE.S, kIVKRS, LAKES. Xc. *. .
ORlurXAL KDITION •
itv
los. Laitrknt, Al>f'nakis, Chit f of th«' Indian Villago of
St Francis, P. Q.
1SS4
I
I
I
PREFACE
The primary intention, the chi ef aim of the
Editor in publishing this book, is to aid the
young generation of the Abenakid tribe in
learning English.
It is also intended to preserve the unctd-
fivated Abenakis language from the gradual
alterations which are continually occurring
from want, of course, of some proper work
showing the grammatical principles upon
which it is dependent. Hence the many
remarks and explanations which are to be
found all through this book : ciphers^ italics,
etc., etc., employed in view to extend its utility.
As no pains have been spared to render
as easy as possible the learning of the pro-
nunciation, and the signification of every
Indian word inserted in this book, and that
the Abenakis lansruasce contains no articula-
6 —
tiona that the English vocal orgaiiH are not
accustomed to, the writer hopes that many of
the white people will be glad to avail theifi-
selves of the advantage and facility thus
afforded to thein for becoming acquainted in
some measure, and with very little trouble,
with that truly (idmirahle language of those
Aborigines called AhenaJci^, which, from the
original word Wdhiuialcl, means : peasant or
inhabitant from the East.
May this little volume, which will learn
the white man how the Abenakis vocal
organs express God's attributes, the names
of the various objects of the creation : beasts,
birds, fishes, trees, fruits, etc., etc., and how
extended are the modifications of the
Abenakis verb, be welcomed by the white as
well as by the red man, and its errors and
defects overlooked with indulgence.
SozAP LoLo, alias,
JOS. J.AUKENT.
THE ABENAKIS ALPHABET
Aa
Pp
• #'»#-*•••#-•-'*«
Bb
Ek
Oo
Ww
Cc Dd
Hh li
LI Mm
O, nasal
Tt Uu
Zz
VoAvels
Aa Ei li Oo (O'o) Uu
Dipli thongs
sii no ao ia io • io
iu ua ue ui uG
SYLLABLES
in progressive scale
!• a i o o u
2. ba bi bo da do do jL?a
hi jo kd la me ni po so ta
wo zo
3. ban don gin jon kas los
mon nop lila (or Iha) taw
mow ton gua gai kuo kwa
gui pia wia
4. dagw makw guon kwon
mska kigw ngue tegw tukw
skua chan cliiz
5. laskw gaskw pskwa Ihagw
pkuam pkwak wzukw wskit
6. bapskw gapskw sipskw
Ihakws mskagw lomskw
i
Words and Syllables
"v
I
1. Monosyllables. ?7, here ;
ti^ tea ; moz^ moose ; sen^ stone ;
sihs^ (luek ; skog^ snake ; kogu\
porcupine.
2. Dissyllables. A-hon^ cake ,
si'ho^ river ; nohka^ deer ; mbU
.^^m, wolf ; iro-6or, elk; A'ldgn\
seal.
3. Trisyllables, ^^-y^^- 6a, man;
AUnb-ha^ Indian ypas-^to-ni^ Ame-
rican; pa-po'les^ whip-poor-will ;
pskwa'Sa-won^ flower.
4. Polysyllables. A-hon-ko-gan,,
oven ; kio'da-idn-no^ traveller ;
pb-ha-tam-win-no^ a christian ;
loi-geS'ino-win^no^ drunkard; a-
ia - /we - ha - w?/ -/7« - migic^ church,
{lit. meaning: house of prayer).
Key of the Pronunciation
The fifteen consouanttt of the Abenaki s
Alphabet are sounded, as in English, />, d
final being always sounded respectively, as
j), t : Aziby slieep (azip) ; Tabid, David,
(Tabit).
G is always Jtard as in (jood, Lajln : pefjo,
gum ; tcfjo, wave.
The jollied letters clt have a Ihigwd-dental
sound, that is to say softer (more slender)
than ch in the English words cJdn, watch :
c7/i7>ai, ghost ; chlga? when?
«/ is sounded like ch : Ivahlj, C{;bbage,
(kabich.)
Ph must not be sounded as/, because this
letter is not in use in the Abenakis language.
Thus, phanem, woman, muh t be articulated
nearly as if its proper orthography waspe-ha-
nem, expressed in two syllables (p'ha-nem),
— 11 —
with an aspirate sound to the first, owing to
the presence of h, which is always more or
less aspirated.
All the consonants must be sounded : mtmas,
fish ; mohem, wolf; ahon^ bed. There is no
exception.
When a consonant (so as a vowel) is
do}thled—i\\m : bh, nn, it — the two letters
are to be sounded as one, the sound beiny;
prolonyed ; as in the following sentence:
ntdnowozlibharilffa, I should have petitioned
forthwith.
The Vowels are sounded as in
the following scale :
A as in master : ahaznoda, basket ;
^as in lahel :pelaz, pigeon ;
/as in Indian : Uguonsdgan, thimble ;
O as in notice : todosnobo, milk ;
U is sounded as u in union : 1. When it
occurs alone ; 2. When it is first in a
word ; 3. When it is preceded by i: u nia,
— 12 —
this is mine ; uUl niuva^ these are ours.
But when u is preceded by a consonant
other than g or h, it is sounded like e
(Abenakis). Thus, we could as well arti-
culate niben, summer, by ni-hun.
The diphthongs are sounded
thus :
Ai as i in loine : n-daln^ I am present ;
Ao as o in how : ch'dito, he (she) is cross ;
]a as id in asiatlc : niuy me, to me, I, mine ;
lo, hi as eo in geometric : loios, meat, flesh ;
nhmaf us, to us, we, our, ours ;
Hit J u€, ui, u6, as iva, roe, wl, w6,{\n Abenakis) :
iaguaJtogan, mill ; hwilcueslcas, robin ;
lavigaigem^ ulack duck ; sagaolhigan,
ramrod, {analogous sound : ta-gwahogan,
kui-kwes-kas, kui-gwi-gem, sa-gwol-higan).
A6, 16, nasal diphthongs, are sounded in the
same scale as ao, io, (distinct articulation
of vowels in one syllable) e. g.pa-io, arrive.
I
NEW FAMILIAR
Abenakis and English
DIALOGUES
VOCABULARY
Kchi Niwaskw.
Ni\va8kow©gan.
Niwaskw.
Wanamonit.
Wamitogwsit.
Wij i- Wlini w ask w i t .
Nasichebikinaw sit.
Tabaldak.
Nonguichi-Ntatogw.
Nonguitegilek.
Askamiiinowit.
Kdemogaldo wogan .
Sasaginno wogan .
Sazos.
Polwakhowawinno.
Aln6baioso wogan.
Mam agahod w ogan .
ISidakwtahodwogan.
Pol wakhowa wogan.
Spemkik Alihlod.
God, The Great Spirit.
Deity.
Spirit.
The Father.
The Son.
The Holy Ghost.
The Trinity.
The Lord.
The Almighty.
The Omnipotent.
The Eternal.
Mercy.
Justice, Perfection.
Jesus-Christ.
The Saviour.
The Incarnation.
The Passion.
The Crucilixion.
The Redemption.
The Ascension.
-14 —
Polwawogan.
Salvation.
Logitowadwogan.
Adoration.
Pobatamwogan.
Religion.
Wlomawaldamwogan.
Faith.
Nkawatzowogan.
Hope.
Kdemogalgawogan .
Charity.
OF THE HEAVENS.
Spemki.
Heaven, Paradise.
Asokw.
Firmament, sky, cloud.
Kakasakw.
Blue sky ; starry hea-
ven.
O'zali.
An angel.
Kchi ozali.
All archangel.
Sdgm6wi Mali.
The Virgin Mary.
tc a
The Holy Virgin.
Wawasinno.
A saint, a blessed.
Mjejakw.
A soul.
Wli mjejakw.
A blessed soul.
Wdawasgiskwi .
An apostle.
Wawas' kigamowinno.
An evangelist.
Kisos.
The sun ; moon ; month.
Pogwas, nahnibossat.
The moon.
Alakws.
A star.
Kchi alakws.
The morning, or oyon-
ing star.
Pili kisos.
New mojn.
Pogiiasek.
Moon light.
Managuon.
A rainbow\
-15-
OF THE ELEMENTS AND THINdS
llELATING TO THEM.
A wan.
Kzelomsen.
"Wlelomsen,
ii
Kisok\y.
AVlekisgad.
Majekisgad.
Soglonkisg'ad.
AVdagkisgad.
Tka, or tkekisgad.
Wloda.
Nebi.
Solgoiibi.
Sibobi.
Tkabi.
Whawdazibom Iiiebi.
Nbisonbi,^
Pibganbi.
Sobagw.
Mamilisobagua.
Wisawogamak.
6
Air.
The wind ; it blows.
A gentle breeze.
A ircsh wind ; lair wind.
The weather ; day ;
Fair or Jine weather.
Bad weather ; it is —
Rainy weather ; it is — .
Wei weather, it is — .
Cold woather ; it is —
Warm weather ; it is — .
AVater.
Ivain water.
River water.
{Spring water.
Well water.
Mineral water.
Muddy water.
The sea, ocean.
The open sea, the high
sea ;
A strait ; in the — , at
the—.
1. The ripliCJ'S sot oppasile some nouns, in dilferont pails
of tliis hook, mark Ihe order of Ihn plunil b'rmiiialion to
wliicli each noun lie'ongs ; Uioso leniiinalions beuiy ■ !. ak ,
2. M ; ;J. o/i ; k.k ; 5. al ; H. // ; 7. ol , 8. /.
Il iinist be observc'l, however, thai the second leniiinalion
(ik) n.'([uires always, before its annexation lo the noun, the
ihange of the rinal d or I into ./ : Kahhuzit, prisoner, pi.
Sahhozijili ; inotknaai/f pilot, ]il. nnlkuaafjil,).
The linal letter iv in tjir, lai , inusl be suppress«'tl before tliw
annexation of tiie 7th ternnualion (ol).
— 16-
Senqjiwi.
Nebes, ( ek)
Nobessis.
Woljebagw.
Sibo, (tegw, ttegw.)
Sibosis.
Panjahlok.
Poutegw.
Kchi pontegw.
Teqoak.
Ki, or KdakiniKi.
Towipegw.
Pegui.
Senomkol.
Azesko.
Senis.
KSen.
Masipskw
Mskoda.
Wajo, (aclen.)
Ka;jiga[)sk\v.
Kokajigapskw. \
Menahan. 1
Senojisobagwa.
JSkwecla.
Chekelas, 1
Pek(3da.
Wiboda.
fSkwedaipcgui.
METEORS,
Wloda.
Tka.
Tkawaiisoii.
.5
o
7
fj
5
(5
1
1
The bank, the shoro.
A lake ; (at, to the—.)
A pond.
A marsh.
A river.
A brook, stream.
A cascade, a waterfall.
A rajnd.
A grand rapid.
The waves.
The earth ; the globe.
Dust
Sand.
Gravel.
Mud.
A pebble.
A stone.
A Hint.
A i)lain.
A mountain.
A steep rock.
An extended sieeprock.
An island.
The sea-coast.
Fire, flame.
.Spark.
Smoke.
Soot.
Ashes.
SHIPS, P]TC.
Heat ; there is — .
Cold ; it is — .
Cool air ; it is cool.
17 —
rakwsaiaki.si>a(l.
\Vdai»kisgad.
A wan,
Mnasokw.
Pesgawaii.
►Soglon.
Pson.
"VVazoli.
Nebiskat.
K laden.
Sikwla.
AVoskata.
Pkuami ; pkuamjak.
I^abadeg-w. 3
Padogi. 1
Nanamkiapoda.
Petguelomsen.
Ktolagw.
Abodos.
JVidos. f
8tinibot,
Mdawakwam.
kSibakhigaurt/.
WlokuaJiigaii. 5
Pihana/i;.
M da wagon. 7
Wskidolagua.
Alomolagua.
A16msag^\^ 7
Alomsngok.
Kaptin. j
2
o
5
5
1
Dry weather ; it is — .
Damp weather ; it is — .
The air ; vapour, lour.
A (loud.
Foggy ; it is— .
Rain ; it rains.
It snows.
Snow.
Dew .
Frost ; it is iVozcvn.
Glazed irost.
Thaw ; it thav\ s.
Ice ; icicles.
Hail.
Thunder.
An eartliquako ; there
is — .
A whirlwind ; there
is — .
A A'cssel ; ship ; irigate.
A launch, a yaw^l.
A boat.
A steamer.
The mast.
The sails.
The rudder.
The ropes.
The flag.
The deck ; on the — .
The hold ; in the—.
Cabin, chamber.
In the cabin,— chamber.
The captaiii.
— 18 —
Komi. 1
The clerk.
Notkuaag. 2
The pilot.
PgoisaAr.
The sailors, thecro^\'.
Nodaksit. 2
A seaman.
THE SEASONS.
Siguan.
Spring.
Siguana.
Last spring.
Nialisiguaua.
A year ago last spring.
Siguaga.
Next spring.
Siguaniwi.
Niben.
In spring.
Summer.
Nibena.
Last summer.
Niali nibena.
A year ago last summer.
Nibega.
Next summer.
Nibeniwi.
In summer.
Taguogo.
Autumn, fall.
Taguogua.
Last fall.
Nialitaguogua.
A year ago last fall.
Taguogiga.
Next fall.
Taguogo wiwi.
In fall year.
Pebon.
Winter.
Pebona,
Last winter.
Nialippona
A year ago last winter.
Peboga.
Next winter.
Peboniwi.
In winter.
THE W
DNTHS.
Alamikos.
January.
Piaodagos.
February.
Mozokas.
March.
Sogalikas.
April.
Kikas.
May.
\
19
Nokkaliigas.
June.
Temaskikos.
July.
Temezowas.
August.
Skamonkas.
September.
Penibagos.
October,
Mzatanos.
November.
Pobonkas.
December.
THE DAYS OF THE WEEK.
Saiicla.
Sunday.
Kik:sanda.
Monday.
Nisda alokan.
Tuesday.
Nseda alokan.
Wednesday.
lavvda alokan.
Thursday.
Skawatukwikisgad.
Friday.
Kadawsanda.
Saturday.
DIVISION
OF TIME.
Kisokw.
The day ; a day.
Kisgadiwi.
In day time.
Tebokw.
The night.
Niboiwi.
In the night.
Sposowiwi.
In the morning.
Wlogwiwi.
In the evening.
Paskua.
Noon ; it is noon.
Paskuak.
At noon.
Nowitebakad.
Midnight; it is midnight
Nowitebakak.
At midnight.
Sokhipozit kisos.
Sunrise ; at sunrise.
Nakilhot kisos.
Sunset, at sunset.
Pamkisgak.
To-day.
Pamloguik. ^
This evening.
— 20 —
Wlogwa.
Saba.
Achakuiwik.
Nguedorakipoda.
Pabapomkipoda.
Minii.
Pazeguen kisokw.
Nguetsanda.
Nisda sanda.
Kisos, or pazeko kisos.
Waji mojassaik.
Nowiwi or nanowivvi.
Matanaskiwi.
Nguejigaden.
Nonguejigadegi.
Yesterday.
To-morrow.
The next day.
An hour ; one o'clock.
Half an hour.
A minute.
A day.
A week.
Two weeks.
A month,
la the beginning.
The middle ; at the mid-
dle.
The end ; at the end.
One year.
Annually.
MANKIND, KINDRED, Etc.
Kchai ta wski alnoba =^1
Kchi phanem ta wdoga^
Alogomomek.
Nmitogwes.
Kmitogwes.
AVmitogwsa.
Nigawes.
Wigawessa.
Nmahom.
Nokemes.
Okemessa.
The father and the sou.
The mother and the
daughter.
The relation.
My father.
Thy father.
His (her) father.
My mother.
His (her) mother.
My grandfather.
My grandmother.
His (her) grandmother.
* Literally ; the old man and the young man.
* The old woman and her daughter.
21 —
Their grandmother.
My husband ; my wife.
Thy husband, thy wife.
His wile ; her husband.
My father-in-law.
My mother-in-law.
My son-in-law.
My daughter-in-law.
My god-father ; my god-
mother.
A lad, a little boy.
A young little girl.
My stei>father ; my
uncle.
My step-mother ; my
aunt.
My grand - son, my
grand-daughter.
His (her) grand child.
1 My brother ; (a term
peculiar to a male.)
1 My sister ; (term pecu-
liar to a female.)
1 My brother ; (w^hen the
speaker is a female.)
1 My sister ; (when the
speaker is a male.)
My brother, (older than
I.)
a. Nijia, a term peculiar lo a male, signides also ; cousin
of mine, Ihe son ofmy fathers brother, or of my mother's sister.
b. Nitsakaso, a term peculiar to a female, signifies also :
cousin of mine, the daughter of my father's brother, or ofmy
mother's sister.
Okcmesw^o.
Niswiak.
Niswiftkw.
Niswiidiji.
Nzihlos.
Nzegues.
Wazilmit()/*wazilmc<:^oa
Nsem.
Kalnegoa.
Wskinnossis.
Nokskuasis.
Nojikw.
Nokemis.
Noses.
Osessa.
Nijia. a
Nitsakaso. h
Nidobso.
Nidobso.
Nidokan.
— 22 —
Nmessis.
Niohcmis.
Nnojikw.
Nz.«Ris.
Nokem.
Nokemis.
Nad6g\v«s.
Nadogwseskua.
NadoQfwsis.
Nadogw.
My Bistcr,(oldcr than I.)
My brother, my sister,
(younger than I.)
My uncle, (ray lather's
brother.)
My uncle, (my mother's
brother,)
My aunt, (my lather's
sister.)
My aunt, (my mother's
sister.^
My cousin, (the son of
my lather's sister, or
of mother's brother.)
My cousin, (a term pe-
culiar to a mate,
which signifies : cou-
sin of mine, the
daughter of ray fa-
ther's sister, or of my
mother's brother.)
My cousin (a term pecu-
liar to a female,\vhich
signifies : cousin of
mine, the daughter of
my father's sister, or
of my mother's bro-
ther.)
My brother-in-law, (a
term peculiar to a
male, which signifies :
my wife's brother,
my sister husband.
— 28
Nilem.
8
Natlogw.
Nilem.
8
FUNCTIONS,
Nasawan.
'M.Bin&Ha.wd^an.i
Kogdlwsiwdgan.
Nakwh6mo?«^r1g-rt».
Chachapsolot^d^o/^.
'Nolm.nkwBowdgan.
Ghigwal&kwsowd gan.
LegxjLahoiv6g:an.
LoXbrnowdgan.
ILelozowSgan.
My 8i8ter-iu-law,(a term
peculiar to a male,
which signifies : my
brother's wife, my
wife's sister.
My brother-in-law, (a
term peculiar to a
female, which signi-
fies : my husband's
brother, my hus-
band's sister.
My si8ter-in*law,(aterm
peculiar to a female,
which signifies : my
sister's husband, my
brother's wife.
HABITS, Etc.
The breathing.
A sigh.
A cry ; a scream.
Sneezing.
The hiccough, hiccup.
Drowsiness.
Snoring.
A dream.
The voice.
Speech.
I. In general, by suppressing the two syllables ico-gaHfrom
the substantives having lliat termination, as above, we hare
the indicat. pres. 3d pers. sin^'. of a verb ; as thus : msinasa, he
(she) sighs ; kdgdlua, he (she) crys ; akuamalso, he (she) \%
sick.
— 24 —
Wligoivdg'mi.
Majiffoi/^^irrm.
Maskihlaidguaf^iJi^v//?.
S6fflamalso?«?f)£r«M.
Gesture ; action.
Beauty ; goodness.
Ugliness ; malice.
Pock-marks.
Leanness, thinncNSS.
Health.
SICKNESS, DISEASE.
Akuamalso?"^^frt//.
Madamalso2c^^'*aw
MdnpinajrcJ !>•««.
Obidogv/ogan, or obida-
Avas.
"Wessagagza^/j dg' a n .
Kezabzo?r'^o-«».
Non6gipozo/i!v3g'rtw .
Wjibilwas.
Wan<)damina?^'^i>Y'// .
Wesguina?ro^'"rt?/ or wes-
goinogan.
Illness ; disease.
Indisposition.
Head-ache.
Tooth-ache..
Stomach 6r belly ache.
Fever.
Coldfiis ; shivering.
A lit.
Hydrophobia, madness.
A cold ; a cough.
Short breath.
PARTS UF THE BODY.
Mhaga.^
Mdup.
"Wdupkuanr^/.
5
5
The bodv.
The head.
The hair of the head.
1. Wh'^iuv r llio aiijcclicv posstssive n. k, or \v, is to bo
prelixod to a noun exjirossing any purl of the body, connnen-
cing in m ; as, mitaga. mdup, mlmvngan, tins iotter (m) must
be suppressod Ijelbro ])relixing tho jtossossivo adjecliv(! ; .is
thus : nfi'Jija, niy hoi\\ ; ftdup, your lioad ; wlnWf'gan, hisfluM)
boarl.
f
25 —
Msizukw.
Mdon ; mejol.
Waiiowjv//.
Mcloppikau.
Wilalo.
Wibida/.
Wkuedogaii.
Mdolka.
Mlawogaii.
Mlagzi.
MlaQzirt/.
Mdolmogan.
Wkeskouan.
Moioaii.
Mzabi.
Wpediii. la wkod.
Melji la mezid.
Mkeskuan.
Mkodukw.
MkazaA'.
Wilidebon la win.
Pagakan.
Wskaii. 4
Kojoak.
Wejatrf/.
Wiz6 vvilah\vogan,
rzejilaliwogan.
Maskilhogan.
Pazisilha^v6g•all.
Kiwanaskaa Ihawogaii.
M agui zo wogan .
Pmowa.
5
5
5
5
1
5
5
5
5
5
5
The face ; eye.
The mouth, the nose.
The cheeks ; his, her — .
Chin.
The tongue, his, her — .
jThe teeth, his, her — .
I The neck : his, lier~.
The stomach.
The heart.
The belly.
The bowels.
The shoulder.
The back ; his, her — .
The loins, the reins.
The hip.
The arm and the leg.
The hand and the foot.
The elbow.
The knee.
The nails.
The brain and th(^ mar-
row.
The blood.
The bone.
The veins.
The nerves.
The jaundice.
A tainting-fit ; a swoon.
The small-pox.
The measles.
Oiddiness.
A swelling.
A boil.
saan
2G
-'I
Wagsozow6gan.
A cut (with a knife).
"Wagtahozowogan.
A cut (with an axe).
Majimal6milhaw6gan.
Hooping cough.
Mannach6gow6gan .
Consumption.
wEARiNa apparel;
W6h6baks. 1
A shirt.
;^6pkowan. 5
The neck tie.
Pten6gana^\
The sleeves..
Aal6mk6zik plejes.
Drawers.
Plejes. 5
A pair of breechc
trousers.
Lobakhigana/.
Suspenders.
Medasa/.
Socks.
Phanemi-medasc/.
Stockings.
Kiganobia/.
Garters.
Totsal,
Boots.
Mkezena/.
Shoes ; moccasins.
Pitkozon ; silki . 5
A coat ; a silk gown.
Kchi pitkozon. 5
An overcoat.
Silad. 5
A waistcoat ; a vest.
Pidogana/.
The pockets.
Patiiesrt/.
The buttons.
Patnesolagol.
The button-holes.
Pitoguonsogan.
The lining.
Piguonsogan.
The trimming.
N6bkoan. 1
The collar.
Kchi-paton. 6
A cloak.
Kwutguabizon 5
A girdle ; a belt.
Pilwontukw. 6
A wig.
Asolkwon. 5
A hat.
Moswa. 5
A nandkerchief.
Aaliljomuk/A;.
Gloves.
21
5
5
5
5
5
6
Naskuahon. 1
Tbahikieosogan 5
O'nkawahlagiadiganr//.
Pkwessagahigan 5
Sakhili ihon. 5
Nibaw Jjahon. 5
Chigitwahigan. 5
"VVsizugwaiganr//.
Nadialwalhakw. 1
Tmokuataigan.
O'badahon.
O'badahon.
Labizowan.
Alomabizowaii.
Tablia.
Phanemi-pitkozon. 5
Kcbi-moswa. o
Pipinawjakwogan. 5
PinsisaA'.
Saksahon. 5
Silki. 5
Mizowimoniinokwkil.
Phanemasolkwon. 5
Mskikoasolkwon, 5
"Wpedinobial.
O'basawwan. 1
Liguonsogan. S
Kalizad. 6
Momolagen. 7
"Whawlatagak. 6
Silki.
Aazatalv.
5
6
A comb.
A watch.
The chain.
The key.
A riiiff (linger ring).
A wedding- ring.
A razor.
Spectacles.
A hunting-knifo.
A sword.
A cane ; a walking-stick,
A crutch.
A petticoat.
An under-petticoat.
An apron.
A gown.
A shawl.
A looking-glass.
Pins.
An ear-ring.
A ribbon.
Jewels.
A bonnet.
A straw-hat.
Bracelets.
A fan.
A thimble.
Flannel.
Calico.
Fine cloth, woollen
cloth.
Silk, satin, ribbon.
Crape.
— 28
OF THE TABLE, MEALS AND DISHES
Tawipodi.
5
A. table.
\V loganinok w kil .
Table utensils ; plate.
Papkuedaiiozik.
()
A sideboard.
Tawipodiageii.
The tablecloth.
Kasiljawwan.
5
A towel.
Napkin.
5
A napki]i.
Aiiasiat.
5
A plate ; a cover.
Nsakuakw.
1
A knife.
Nimatguahigan .
f)
A fork.
Amkuon.
1
A spoon.
Kchi wlogan.
6
A soup-tureon.
Kwatsis.
1
A cup.
Aazasit
2
A glass.
Kchi aazasit.
2
A tumbler.
Potoiia.
1
A bottle.
Pinagel.
Vinegar.
Pinageli-kwatis.
1
The vinegar-cruet.
Pemi.
Oil ; grease.
Pemii-kwatis.
1
The oil-cruet.
Si wan.
Salt.
Siwani-kwatis.
The salt-cellar.
Whawizowjagak.
Mustard.
Whawizow j agaki -kwa-
The mustard-pot.
tis.
1
Tipwabel.
Pepper.
Tipwabelinodasis.
The pepper-box.
Agomnoki-moskuas-
Ginger.
waskw.
Lamiskad. (fr. la mus-
The nutmeg.
cadc.)
Sogal.
Sugar.
Sogali k\\ at.
The sugar-))a8in.
i
00
O'mAvaimlases.
Mlases.
Pkuazigan.
Alipimek.
Wsposipowogaii.
Kasilaw ahosoAvogan .
Paskuaipo\v'ogan.
Adlogwi po wogan .
Ti.
Kzobo.
Nsoboii.
Lasol) ; pizilasob.
Wobi malomenisal.
Taliozigan.
Mkuejazigaii.
Lago.
Segueskejakhigan.
Kaoziia.
Mkuejazigan kaoziia.
Kaozisiia.
Azibiia.
Azibi-wpigasinol.
Azibigan.
WdollortA;.
Kalkia azibiia.
Piksiia
Piksi-wpigasoii,
Wibalasigan. .
Podinak.
Nolkaiia.
Awaasiia or awaaswiia.
Ahamoiia.
Wulguaii.
Honey.
Molasses,
Bread
A meal.
Breakfast.
The dessert ; a lunch.
Dinner.
Supper.
Tea.
Broth ; soup.
Soup ; corn-soup.
Soup ; pea-soup.
Rice soup ; rice.
Boiled meat.
Roast meat.
A stew.
A fricassee ; a hash.
Beef.
Roast-beef.
Veal.
Mutton ; lamb.
Mutton-choirs.
A leg of mutton.
Kidneys.
A quarter of lamb.
Pork ; bacon.
A pork- chop.
Ham.
Black pudding.
Venison.
(lame.
Poultry.
A wing.
g|
80 —
Nam as ; namasiia.
Alsa/f.
Soga/r.
N.ihomoaA'.
PadatesaA;.
Wow&nal.
Taliodagi7 wowana/.
Wski-wowanalor wsk
owana/.
Pata. ^
AbonaAr or aboiiisrtA:.
Kalakona/c.
Chiz.
"VVisowipemi,
Minobo.
Fongoksa/c.
Fish ; some lish.
Oysters.
Lobsters.
Eels.
Potatoes.
A c'c^ oage.
Eggs.
Boiled eggs.
New laid eggs.
Nebi.
Nbisonbi.
Lal)ial.
Labialsis.
Saidal.
Makwbagak.
Ngoni makwbagak.
Wski makwbagak.
Wobi makwbagak.
Plachmoiii makwbabak
Akv/bi.
Weski.
Jin.
Blandi.
A tart, a pie.
Cakes.
Biscuits (sea biscuits.).
Cheese.
Butter.
Preserves, jam.
Pancakes.
BEVERAGES.
Water.
Mineral water.
Beer ; ale.
Small beer.
Cider.
Wine.
Old wine.
New wine.
White wine.
French wine.
Rum.
Whiskey.
Grin.
Brandy.
Liquors.
31
FRUIT AND FRUIT TREES.
Aples.
Aplesakuara.
Azawaiuraen.
Azawanimenakuam .
Adbimen.
Adbimenakuam.
Wasawas.
Mologowimena/.
SomenaA:.
Pagon ; pagonis.
SgueskimenaA:.
Sgueekimenimozi.
MskikoiminsrtA:.
Psakwdamena/c.
Adotomena/.
Pessimena/.
Wajoimena/.
Sata.
Satamozi.
Pichesa/c.
Kowakwimen.
Pagonisa/.
Anaskemen.
Popokua.
1
1
1
1
5
1
5
b
8
5
An apple.
An apple-tree.
A plum.
A plum-tree.
A cherry.
A cherry-tree.
An orange.
Grapes.
Raisins.
A walnut ; a hazlo nut.
Raspberries.
A raspberry-bush.
Strawberries.
Mulberries.
Beam-tree berries.
Currants.
Beech-nuts.
Blue-berry.
Blue -berry bush.
Peaches.
A gooseberry.
Chestnuts ; filberts.
An acorn.
A cranberry.
FOREvST-TREES, FLOWERS, ETC.
Anaskemezi. 1 An oak.
Anibi. 1
W'awabibagw. 3
Wajoimizi. 1
Mahlakws. 1
Senomozi. 1
An elm.
A poplar.
A beech.
An ash.
A maple.
32 —
Maskwamozi.
1
A ])irch.
Wdopi.
5
An aldor-tree.
Kokokhoakw.
3
A fir-tree.
Saskib.
5
An elder.
Kanozas.
1
A willow.
:VI616dagw.
3
A cedar.
Wigbimizi.
1
Bass-wood.
Chignazakuam.
1
A thorn-tree.
Moskwaswaskw.
The sweet-lla^".
Maskwazimenaknam
. 1
A wild-cherry tree
Nibimonakuam.
1
A ])ush-cranberry tree.
Alnisodi.
1
A hemlock.
Sagaskodagw. >^
'J , Ground-hemlock.
Pasaakw.
3 ' A red pine.
Msoakw.
3 A dry tree ; decayed
wood.
Temaiiakw.
1
A stub, or a broken tree.
Papagakanilhok.
Bloodroot.
Ahadbak-
Avensroot.
Alncbai tipoabel.
Wild ginger.
Chijis.
J
Wild onion.
Mn80zir</.
Fern.s.
Skibo.
4
The ground-nut or In-
dian potaio.
Asakuam.
Moss.
AYanibagvv.
1
A leaf.
Wlemskw.
A blossom.
AVajapk.
1
A root.
Kawasen.
3
A wind lall.
Walagaskw.
3
Bark.
;Maskwa.
8
1 Birch-bark.
Pskaotkwon.
1
j A branch.
Wekidakuam.
The sap.
— 83 -
Alomakuam.
The heart of a tree.
Awazonrt/.
Fuel, firewood.
Msazesso.
1
White spruce.
Mskak.
1
Black spruce.
Pohnodageso.
1
Tamarac. 1
Sasogsek.
Sarsaparilla.
MECHANICAL ARTS, Ere.
Noji-kadobidaphowad 2
A dentist.
Noji-paskhiganikat.
2
A gun-smith.
Noji-tbakwiiigad .
2
A land surveyor.
Noji-chigetowawwat
. 2
A barber.
Nqji-aseswobikad.
2
A harness-maker.
Nodbaadigat.
2
A washer- woman.
Nodkwahid.
2
A woodman, wood cut
ter.
A baker.
Nodabonkad.
2
Moni nojinademiwad.2
A banker ; a broker.
Nodonkolhod.
2
A merchant.
Noji-pakhiminad
o
A thresher.
Noji-moiiikad.
2
A jeweller.
Nodasolkwonkat .
2
A hatter.
Nojikkad.
2
A carpenter ; joiner.
Nodojiphowad.
2
A carter ; carman.
Nojiguonsad.
2
A seamster ; tailor.
Nojigiionsaskua.
4
A seamster.
Nodagieowad.
2
A tailor.
Nobatobit.
2
A cook.
Notkezenikad.
2
A shoemaker.
Klosli.
1
A grocer.
Nodalhagokad.
9
A blacksmith.
Noj i-papa wijokad .
2
A tinsmith.
Noii-pskwasawoukad.2
3
A ilorist.
— 34
Noji-lbaikibosugaiiikad 2
A watch-maker.
Mahowad.
o
A landlord.
Mahovradiskw a.
4
A landlady.
Soghebat.
2
An inn-keeper ; hotel-
koeper.
Noji-alnalhakwawighi-
A printer.
gad.
2
Notkazowad.
2
A plough-man.
Noji-kawakwnigad.
2
A reaper.
Nodapskenigad.
2
A mason.
Nodapskaigad
2
A stone-cutter.
Nottahasid.
2
A miller.
Nqji-nbizonhowad.
2
A physician, a doctor.
Nadazoonigad.
2
A horse-dealer.
Noji-wizowimonikad
.2
A gold-smith.
Nodomad.
2
A fisherman.
Noji-sezowigad.
2
A painter.
Nodatsigad.
2
A tanner, a dyer,
Nqj i-abaznodakad.
2
A basket-maker.
Noji-tbelodmowinno
1
An advocate, a barrister
Nodawighigad.
Noji-soglitigad.
2
A notary public.
2
A registrar.
Noji-moniad.
2
A treasurer.
Nodobaktahigad.
2
A fidler.
Noji-pakholid.
A drummer.
Notkikad.
2
A sower ; a tiller.
Nadialwinno.
1
A hunter.
Notkuaag.
2
A pilot.
OF THE SEA.
Sobagw.
71
The ocean ; the sea.
Mani menahaiiikak.
t)
An archipelago ; at thn.
Meuahaii.
1
An island.
— 35 —
G
Moiiiihanakamigw. 7
Senodkamigvva, seno-
jiwi.
Pamkaak.
Wisawogamak.
Avvil)eii.
Pilah.
Pamapskak.
Mamilahomak.
O'davvomkak.
Kzelomsen.
Petguelomsen.
Kokvv.
6
6
1
A peiiiiLsula.
The (shore.
The coast.
A strait.
The waves.
A calm ; it is .
The ibam ; the iVoth.
A rock.
A promontory.
A sand hank.
The wind ; blowr.
A whirlwind.
A whirlpool.
D()MES1TCAN1MM^^^
BIRDS, FURS AND SKINS.
Ases, aaso.
N'-d-aasom,
Kaoz ; ( awa.)
Wski asesis.
Aksen.
Kaozis.
Sponioli ases.
Azib ; ( awa)
Azihis.
Kots ; kotsis.
Minowis, pezoi.^.
Alemos, adia.
Wski alemos.
(X-d-amis,
Piges, piks : pi/,-sak
Viioh.
1 1 A horse.
1 1 My horse.
1 1 A cow ; (a hide.)
1 i A colt ; a filly.
1 An ox.
I I A calf ; a heifer.
I I A mule ; an ass.
Ij A sheep : (a ,skin.)
1 1 A lamb.
IIA goal ; a kid.
I A cat.
I I A doo-.
1 , A young doo-.
1| My dog.
i A pig ; pigs.
VA lion.
— 86 —
Molsem ; (—is.) 3
Wok wees. 1
Pakesso. 1
Mateguas, 1
-Mikowa. 1
Wobikwsos. 1
Traakwa ; ( — a\va.) 4
(Traakwaiia,
Moskuas ; ( — wawa.)
Wnejjij^w. 1
AVlanigw ; ( — sis.) 1
Mosbas. 1
Apanakes. 1
Psanigw. 1
rianigw. 1
Moz ; ( — ageii ; — ia.) 1
A wolf; (a young—.)
A i'ox.
A. partridge.
A hare ; a rabbit.
A squirrel.
A mouse.
A beaver ; ( — skin)
Beaver meat.)
A muskrat ; ( — skin.)
An otter.
A lislier ; (a youn^'— .)
A mink.
A marten, 6a])le.
A black squirrel.
A flying squirrel.
Moose ; ( skin ; —
meat.)
Magolibo ; ( — awa.) IjA carribou : (a — skin.)
Nolka ; ( — iia.) 4 i A deer ; (venison.)
1 A porcupine, (a young
— ^ ^ ^
Kogw ; (—is.)
Saguasis. 1
Akigw ; ( — awa.) 1
Akigwawaiia.
iSegogw. 1
Awasos. 1
Pziko ; ( — makwsessis.)
Pziko aioba. (pi. — ak
-k.)
Pziko allha. * (pl.-ak
-k )
■*(' Spell : al-l/ia ;
A weasel.
A seal (a — skin.)
Of seal-skin.
A skunk.
A bear.
A buifdlo ; (a yearlinu,"
— )
A male buffalo, a bull.
A female buffalo.
-37
Pziko kadnadokw. 1 ' A two year old buffalo.
A tliree year old buffalo.
A striped s(|uivrel.
A ra<ooii.
A woodohuok.
VV^dosoallha peziko.
Anikwses- 1
Asban. 1
Agaskw. 3
Sips ; sibsis. 1 j A bird ; a little ))ird
Sips riobalha ^ (pi, — A male bird.
ak— k.) I
Sips skualha ^ (pi. — ' A female bird.
ak-k.) I
Mgeso ; mg-esois. 1 j An eagle ; an eaglet
Kokokhas ; ^val6ias. 1 1 An owl.
O'basas.
Kwiguigum.
Mama.
Madagenilhas.
Wisowihlasis.
Cheskwadadas.
Sasaso.
Siomo.
Sasasois, {pron : — wis), 1
Kwikueskas, 1
Kejegigilhasis, (s/?e// : —
Iha-sis), 1
Chimeliilhasis. 1
Mkazas; kchimkazas. 1
Kaskaljas or Kaskalja-
sis. 1
Kaakw ; Kaakwis. 3,1
1 1 A woodpeckiT.
3 I A blaek duck.
4 1 A black woodpecker,
I A bat.
I ■ A wizard, (or any other
I kind of yellow bird.)
1 1 A king-fisher.
I I A plover,
A bird of prey.
A small species of plo-
ver.
A robin.
A chickadee.
A chimney swallow.
A crow ; raven.
A song- sparrow.
A gull ; a small grey
gull.
* Spell : no-ha-Iha ; shua-lha
38 —
Wlogowilhas.
A nightingale.
Pokui sigoskuasis.
The wheat-ear.
Ahamo ; ahamois.
1
A hen ; chicken.
Nobalha.
4
A cock ; a male bird
Wobigilhakw.
3
A goose.
Nahama.
4
A turkey.
Polobai-sibes, (plur
, —
A peacock.
sipsak).
Mdawilhp ; — sis.
4,1
A loon ; a young — .
Alonteguilha, (spell
>
A wood duck.
Iha).
4
Nanatasis.
1
A humming bird.
Sobagwilha.
4
A sea duck.
Nbcsi-choglesk \v .
3
A bobolink.
Chogleskw.
3
A cow-bunting.
Pnegokihlasis.
1
A bank swallow.
Tidesso.
1
A blue lay.
Wobtegua.
4 A wild-goose.
Pelaz.
1
A wild pigeon.
Wobipelaz.
1
A jngeon, (tame — .)
Pakesso.
1
A partridge.
Seguaiiilha,^ (spell
*
A smiter-haAvk. =^
Iha).
4
Soglonilhasis.
1
A f wallow.
Wigualha.
4
A swan.
Pokhamencs.
A bittern.
Kasko.
A heron.
Alomsaguilhasis.
A whin cliai.
Papolos.
A whip-poor-will.
* A hinl that Icills its prey with a blow with its breast bone.
— 39 —
FISHES, REPTILES IND INSECTS.
Namas.
Kabasa.
Nokamagw.
Makelo.
Tolba.
Soga.
Alsak.
Mskuamag'vv.
Kwenoza.
Wobhagas,
Kikomkwa.
Namagw.
Nahomo.
Wobi namas or
magw.
Watagua.
Molazigan.
Skog.
Chegual.
Maska or mamaska.
Kakadologw.
Pabaskw.
Msaskoof.
Skoks.
Sisikwa.
Mamselabika.
Sigiliamo.
Chols.
Maskejamogwses.
Pabigw.
Alikws.
1 A fish.
4 A sturgeon.
y A cod.
1 A mackerel.
4 A turtle.
4 A lobster.
Oysters ; shells..
3 A salmon.
4 A pike.
1 A carp.
4 A sucker.
3 A salmon trout.
1 An cqI.
woba- A white fish.
1
4 A pickerel.
1 A bass.
1 A serpent ; a snake.
1 A i'rog,
4 A toad.
1 A lizard.
3 A leech, a blood8ut'ker.
1 A Boa.
1 A worm.
4 A rattle snake.
4 A spider.
1 A locust.
4 A cricket.
1 A bug.
1 A ilea.
1 An ant, a pismire.
— 40
Kemo.
4
A louse.
Mamijola.
4
A butterfly.
Wawilomwa.
4
A bee ; a wasp.
Kchi "wawilomwa.
A drone.
"Wjawas.
1
A fly.
Massakua.
4
A horse-fly.
Pegues.
1
A mosquito.
OF THE COUNTRY AND THE OBJECTS
MET WITH.
Odana.
5
A town ; a city ; a vil-
lage.
OVdi.
5
A road ; a otreet.
O'wdesis.
5
A path.
Ki ; aki.
5
An estate ; a farm ; laud.
Wigwom, (garni gw)
A house.
Negoni gamigw.
An old house.
Kinjamesigamig'w.
1
A castle ; a palace.
Aiamihawigamigw.
1
A churcli
Tagualiogan.
5
A mill.
Pessakuogan.
5
A saw-mill.
Kaozigamigw.
1
A stable.
Kcbikaozigamigw.
7
A barn.
Soghebaigamigw.
7
An inn, a tavern.
Psakaigan.
6
A ditch.
Pmelodigaii.
5
A fence.
Pmelodiganakuam«/.
Fence rails.
Skah6gan«A'.
Pickets.
Sibo, tegw, ttegw.
1
A river.
Sibos ; sibosis.
5
A brook ; a little brook.
Kpiwi.
A forest ; in the — .
Pami pizagak.
The bush ; in the—.
Nbizonkikon.
6
A garden.
— 41
Kikoii. 5
Maji ki or mamadaki 5
Wli ki. 5
Kawakwniga wogan .
Mskagw.
Tebeskahigan. 5
NodahlagokaigamigwT A forge.
A field.
A barren land ; i")Oor — .
A fertile land.
The harvest.
A marsh.
A hay- stack.
kzihak
NidazoaA;.
Kanal.
Alnahlagwowdi.
Lessagnogan.
Notchogiiaigamigw
Kbahod wigamigw .
Kaas.
Kdakinna.
A ilock of sheep ; sheep.
A herd of cattle ; cattle ;
animals.
A canal.
A railway.
A bridge.
An hospital,
A prison, a jail.
A car.
The globe.
MONEY AND COINS.
5
7
7
5
Moni.
Sakwskigek.
Pilaskwi-moni.
Wizowi-moni.
Homalkin.
Sans.
Mdalasis.
Mdala sansak.
Pinso.
Silon.
Tlotso, or nisinska taba
nolan sansak,
Pazeko moni.
Pazeko lowi.
Money ; silver.
Change.
A bank-note.
Gold ; a gold coin.
Haltpenny.
One cent.
A dime (10 cts.)
Ten cents.
A franc (10 pence.)
A shilling (20 cts.)
Twenty-live cents.
One dollar.
A pound.
— 42 —
WEKIHTS AND MEASURES.
Mdala lowiak.
Ten pounds (iJlO.)
Ngnoji tkwiguan.
A pound.
Pabasi tkwiguan.
Half a pound.
Kaltlo.
Quarter of a pound.
Awens.
An ounce.
Minot.
A bushel (8 gallons.)
Half a bushel.
Temiminot.
Minot taba pabasiwi.
A bushel and halt\
Ngnet'galanoo.
A gallon.
Mdala Kas'galanoo.
Ten gallons.
Pabas'galanoo.
Half a gallon.
Nguet'kwatoo.
A quart (a quarter of a
gallon.)
Pabasba.
A pint.
Nguet'akwnoso or pa-
One yard.
zegueda llakwnoso.
Pabasi llakwnoso.
Half a yard.
Nguejipia taba paba-
A foot and a half.
siwi.
Nguet' ak wiadogan .
An inch.
Mail, {pron : ma-il.)
A mile.
;%uet'os6mguat.
A league.
Nguet' osomguat tmes-
A square league
kuiwi.
Alpon ki.
An acre of land.
CORN AND ^
EOETABLES.
Malomena/.
Wheat.
Asesowiinena/.
Oats.
Nagakowimenfl/.
Rye.
Tlotsa/.
Barley.
■'*:■»
43 —
Skamona/.
Indian corn.
Wajabkry/.
Roots.
Mskikoa^.
Hay.
Mskikoisa/.
Herbs.
Atebakwfl/ or
tebakurt/.
Beans.
ChannapsflA;.
Turnips.
Kabij.
5
A cabbage.
Timeno.
5
A melon.
Askitamog.
6
A encumber
Winos.
1
An onion.
Winosisa/t*.
Shallots.
FARMING IMPLEMENTS, CARRIAGES,
HARNESS, &c., &c.
Lakazowogan. 5
Lakazowawogan.
Nokapodigan. 5
N -d-elkaz6w6gan.
N'nokapodigan,
Nokapodiga wogan .
N'nokapodiga.
N'-d-elkaz6wa.
Lakaigan. 5
Temaskezo wogan .
N'temskezowogan .
N'temskezowa.
Temaskezowa.
Wolkogan. 5
Magolhigan. 1
Mskikoi - nimateguai -
gan. 5
Aalobidaak. 5
A plough.
Ploughing, act ol—
A harrow.
My plough.^
My harrow.
Harrowing, act ol-
I harrow.
I plough.
1 A hoe.
Scythe.
My scythe.
I mow.
He mows.
A shovel.
A wooden shovel.
A hay-fork.
A rake.
iia
u
Wagiii. 1
A waggon.
Wakolikws. 6
A wheel ; a cart
Asesvvobial.
A harness.
Pihanisak.
The reins.
Nobalobi.
A bridle.
Sazamhigan,
A whip.
Tawabodi.
A saddle.
Wa wabigodhigan .
A sleigh.
COLOURS, PAINTINa, WRlTINa
IMPLEMENTS, &c.
t(
((
al
a!
Mkui... (in the con) 10-
sition).
Mkuigen. pi. ol
Mkuigo. " aic
Mkui sezowigan.
Sezowigan.
Mkui sezowozo.
Atsigan.
Mku'atsigan.
N'-d-atsiga.
N'moku'atsiga.
N'-d-atso.
N'-d-atsemen.
N'-d-atsemenana.
K'-d-atsemenana.
Wlowi...
Wlow'atsigan.
Wlowigo.
Wlowigeii.
Wlowi sezowigan.
Mkuobamegua.
Red.
It is red.
He, she. ^'t, is red.
Red paint.
Paint.
He, she, it, is painted red
Dye.
Red dye.
I dye.
I dye red.
I dye him, her, (it).
I dye it.
We dye it.
We dye it.
Blue.
Blue dye.
He, she, it, is blue.
It is blue.
Blue paint.
Reddish.
— 45
"Wlowobamegua.
Wizowi...
Wizowi kezabe'/Jowo-
gan.
Wizow'atsigaii.
Wizowigen.
Askaskui...
Askaskui sezowigan.
Askasku' atsigan.
"W-d-askaku'atsemen.
W6bi...
Wobigen.
Wobigo.
Wobi gamigAV.
Wobipegw.
Mkazawi...
Mkazawigen.
Mkazawigo.
Wobigek.
Makazawigek.
Wobbagak.
Makazawbagak.
W6l)baga.
Mkazawbaga.
Awighiganebi.
N'-(l-a\vighiganebiin
wlowbaga.
N'pilaskom wobigen.
N'miguenom wobigO.
Miguen.
Wdamoobamegua.
Minobowigen.
Minobowigek.
Bluish.
Yellow.
Yellow fever.
Yellow dye.
It is yellow.
Grreen.
Green paint.
Green dye.
He, slie, dyes it green.
White.
It is white.
He, she, it, is white.
7 1 A white house.
Lime.
Black.
It is black.
He, she, it, is black ;
The white.
The black.
The white, (liquid).
The black, (liquid).
It is white, (liquid).
It is black, (liquid).
Some ink.
My ink is blue.
My paper is white.
I My pen is white.
8 j A pen, a quill ; a feathci*
I It is brown,
i It is violet.
! The violet.
— 46 —
Wibgui...
VVibgnigen.
"VVibguigo.
W-d-asolkw6n wibe-
guigen.
Wibguigek asolkwon. '
Wibgui^o n'-d-aasom.
Wibguigoa w'-d-asoma.
Sen or asen.
Grey ; drab.
It is grey.
He, she, it, is grey.
His (her) hat is grey.
A or the grey hat.
My horse is grey.
His (her) horse is grey.
A slate ; a stone.
CARDINAL POINTS, &c.
Sowanaki
Ali-paskuat
Nibenaki
Sowanakik )
Nibenakik [
Ali-paskuat )
Sowanessen.
Pebonki.
Pebonkik.
Pebonkiak.
Waji-nahilot \
Waji-sokhii^ozit )
Sobhoban.
Kirzoban.
Kizobak.
AVobaiiaki ttr 01)nnaki.
The South.
Southward, at, to, from
the South.
South wind, the wind
comes from the South.
The North.
Northward at, to, From
the North.
Northern people.
The East ; at, to, from
the East.
Day break.
It is day light.
At day light.
Land of the East.
1. We say alfo : vibgu asolkwon.
-47
"Wobanakiak. (ungiUar^
Wobanaki.)
Ali-nkihl6t.
The poople (Indians)
from where the sun
rises.
The West, westward ;
at, to, from the west.
The western people
The southern people.
Ali-nkihlot weji pmow
zowinnoak.
Nibenakiak, (singular
nibenaki.)
Nsawiwi ali-})askuat ta South-west ; at, to, from
ali-nkihlot. the south-west.
Nsawiwi pebonkik ta North-East ; at, to, from
waji-nahilot. the north-east.
Nsawiwi waji-nahilot South-east ; at, to, from
ta ali-paskuat. ! the south-east.
Nsawiwi pebonkik ta North-west ; at, to, from
ali-nkihlot.
the north-west.
HUNTINa AND FISHINCr IMPLEMENTS, kc.
Paskhigan. 5
Adebolagw. 7
Nahnisakwtag. 6
Papkwesbalog paski -
gan.
PapkweskalogiY paskhi-
gana/.
Alomsawaiias. 6
Saguolhigan. 5
Asenapanes. 1
Alemos. 1
Tobi. 1
Nhanesnosik. t>
A gun.
A rifle.
A double-barreled gun.
A breech-loader.
Breech-loaders.
A pistol ; a revolver.
A ramrod.
The lock.
The cock ; the hammer.
A spring ; a bow.
The trigger.
— 48.^
Peza.
Sasalhogil (sissalhogil).
Mamsag. 6
Telaps. 1
Klahigan. 5
N'telapsem. 1
N'kelhigan.
Kap or Kapsis. 5
Pidapskuiganinoda. 5
Askan. 1
Nadialowinno. 1
Nadialoi ki.
Pisowakamigw. 7
Pisowakamigwinno. 1
Nadialowogaii.
O'mawogan.
Chawapenigan or chaw-
penigan.
Cha-wapeniganatagw. 7
Chawapeniganakuam.5
Nodamaguongan. 1
Awogan.
Lhab or ahlab. 1
N-d-ahlabem, — ak.
K'-d-ahlabem.
W-d-ahlbema.
N'-d ahlabomna;— wak
K'-d-ahlabemna.
W-d-ahlabemow6.
The powder.
Shot.
A ball, a bullet.
A steel-trap.
A wooden-trap.
My steel-trap.
My wooden-trap.
A percussion-cap, a cap.
The shot.l)elt.
A powder-horn ; a horn.
A hunter ; a 8i)orf sman.
Hunting ground.
The wilderness.
An uncivilized man or
person.
Hunting.
Fishing.
A lisn-hook.
A fishing-line.
A fishing-rod.
A fishspear.
The bait.
A net.
My net — nets.
Your (thy) net.
His (her) net, or nets.
Our net -nets.
Our net.
Their net, or nets.
— 40 —
ECCLE.SIASTICAL AND SECULAR
DIGNITIES.
Krhi SogmOwi - Patli- ; Tlie Pope.tlv^ Soverei-u
iln'Z. 1 ■n^-xrrr. '^
hoz.
kSogmowi patlih6z.
Kchi patlihoz.
1 1 routiii:
1 1 A Bishop.
1 1 A parish priest, a high-
j priost.
I j A priost.
I I A minister.
1 1 A preacht^r.
4 1 A nun.
1 A king.
4 A queen.
I A prince.
I I A princess.
L- 1 . . ' 7r:r- , j A. lord ; a lady.
Kchisogmoi hdebezo-l A minister of state.
wmno. I
Kchi sogmo ;-skua. j Agovernor ; (he-'s wife,
^ogmo ;~skua. A chief ; chiefs wife.
^^^f'^' 1 A captain.
Jvolnal. I j^ colonel
Pastoni-Kchi Sogaio. The President of the U.-
I S. of America.
(^AME.S, RECEEATIOKS, &c.
Patlihoz.
Manistel.
Kinomasowinno,
Patlihoskua.
Kin James.
Kinjamesiskiia.
Kinjamessis.
Kinjamessiskuasis.
Saniol ;-— iskua.
Pemegawogan,
N'pemegd.
Pemega.
Pemegawiuno.
Alogmapozimuk.
4
Dancing.
I dance.
lie (she) dances.
A dancer.
To skate.
— 50
K' d-alogmupozi.
Logmapoza.
Logmapozowiimo. 1
Logm a pozow anak.
Telapa/r,
Negiioji chebezoak tela-
yyak.
Nagiied aw i gh 6s i t .
Sogmo,
Awanochwi-Kkuaso.
Wsemoganes.
Nises or nis.
Awskatastigamuk.
Nadonomuk.
N'nadoiu).
Nadona.
Agisowana/f.
Pabaskwhamawogan.
Pabaskhamogan .
N'telaphamo.
N'pabaskwhamo.
Pabaskwhama.
Pabasbwhamak.
Lobaktaigan ; tobi.
Piguongan.
Pakboligan.
Kch i-16bakt ai "an .
Lintowogan.
Thou art skaling.
He (she) is skating.
A skater.
Skates.
Cards.
A pack of cards.
The ace.
The king. ^
The queen.
Tlie knave.
The deuce.
To shulHe.
To cut.
I cut.
He (she) cuts.
Counters.
Playing-ball or play-ball
A ball.
I play at card.
I play at ])all.
He (she) plays at ball.
They play at ball.
A Jiddle ; a bow.
A flute ; a life.
A drum.
A piano ; an organ.
A song.
— r,i ^
NAMK- OF CITIES, TOWNS, VJI.LAaK8
. lllYEm COUNTRIES, NATIONS^ '
Molian.
Moliani.
Molinia^^
Moliantegw.
Masessolian.
Masessoliaiiia^.
Masessoliantegw.
Madobalodnik.
Madobalodni^M'.
Madobalodnitegw.
Palkinek.
PalkiniflAr.
Pithiganek.
Pithigania^.
Pithiganitegw.
Woliuak.
Walinaktegw.
Padiskonek.
O'bamasek.
O'bamasisek.
Pamadenainak,
Pamadenaia/*;'.
Montreal.
A Montrcaler.
Montroalers.
River .St-Lawrence.
Sorel.
SoreJlers.
River Chambly.
Three -Rivers.
People or inhabitants
of Three-Rivers.
River St-Maurice.
Berthier,
Peop. or inhabitants of
Berthier.
Nicolet.
Peop. or inhabitants ol*
N'colet.
River Nicolet.
Becancour.
River Becancour.
Batiscan.
Riviere du Loup (en
bas.)
Yamachiche.
! Lorette (Ind. Village.)
' Indians of Lorette.
— 5
Kobek, ' (
Knbek. M
Quebec.
Kubeki.
A citizen (man) ol' Que-
*
bec.
Kuibekiak.
Peop. or inhabitants of
*
Quebec.
Xuibekiskua.
A lady (woman) trom
Quebec.
Kuibekiskuak.
Ladies of Quebec.
Kaanawagi.
Caughnawaga.
Magua.
An Iroquois (indian).
Kaanawagihuono.
The iroquois tribe.
Otawa.
Ottawa.
Otawai.
A man (citizen) from
Otta-wa.
Otawaiiak.
People or inhabitants
of Ottawa.
Koattegw.
Pine River.
Koattegok.
Coaticook.
Mamlawbagak.
Mam phr em agog.
VI odd v; a.
Mantawa.
Paliten.
Burlington.
S6n-Hal6nek.
Plattsliurg.
Salatogi.
Saratoga.
Nebizonbik.
At the mineral siu'i^y;.
Kwenitegw.
River Connecticut.
Winoski.
Winooski.
Pafionisik.
Passumpsic.
Famijocisik.
Pamigew asset.
Wiwninbesaki.
Winnipisaukee.
1. Pronounce " Ke-bek "'as
in Froncli, Quebec.
2. This orthograghy is an iir
nation of the English pi-onoun -
!
elation.
1
•
53 —
Wawobadenik.
Wigwomadensisek.
Wigwomadenik.
Kwanabomoik.
Namakottik.
Panaobskak,
Panaobskaitegw or Pa-
naobskai sibo.
Panaobslcaiiak.
Kanada.
Pastonki.
Pastonkik.
Pastoni.
Pastoniskua.
Tglisraonki.
Iglismonkik.
Iglismon.
Iglesmoriiskua.
Plachmonki.
Plachmoii.
Alomonki.
Aleraon.
8p6niolki.
8p6nioI.
1 llodak i . (/>r 0?*.- ak -k i . )
Illoda.
Tllodaskiia.
Koswak i . (/y to n . - ak- ki .)
Koswa.
White mountain reg,
St Hyacinth e.
Yamaska.
Durham.
Megantic.
Penobscot.
Penobscot river.
People (indians) of Pe-
nobscot.
Canada,
United States of Ame-
rica,
In the United States of
America.
An American.
An American woman.
England.
Tn England.
An Englishman.
An English woman.
France.
A Frenchman.
Germany
A Oerman.
Spain.
A Spaniard.
Ireland.
An Irishman.
An Irish woman.
Scotland.
A. Scotchman.
wmmmmmmmm
— 54
Agomeudki. — {pron. ok
—ki.)
Wdagomenoki. (/?/.-ak )
Ahigontegw. (local term:
Alsigontegok.)
Alnoba.
Alnobai phanera.
Wobanaki.
Sigwnl^an.
Alnobai sigwnigan
Alnobai lowozowogan
or Alnoba wozowo-
Eiirope.
An Eluropean.
Eiver St. Francis.
An Indian.
An Indian woman.
An Abenaki (indian.)
A reserve.
An indian reserve.
Indian costume.
gan.
Alnoba'odana.
An Indian village.
riachmoni odana.
A French village.
Odana
A city : town ; village.
Ki, aki.
Earth, the globe, the
.
world ; country ;
farm ; ground ; soil.
N'-d-aki, w'-d-aki.
My farm, his (her) farm.
Kdakinna.
The globe, {literalhi, our
earth, our globe.)
K'-d-akinna.
Our farm or ground.
NAMES OF PERSONS WHECH DIFFER
FROM BOTH, THE ENGLISH AND
FRENCH ORTHOGRArHY.
Sozap.
Pial.
Tanial,
Az6.
Ogistin.
Joseph.
Peter.
Daniel.
John.
Augustus.
..^ /55
Nikola.
Nicholas.
Tabid.
David.
Plasoa.
Francis.
Atian.
Sazil.
Stephen.
Caesar.
Lazal.
Elijah.
Tomo.
1/
Thomas.
O'bloas.
Ambrose.
Atoan.
Paslid.
Anthony.
Basil.
Pelnal.
Bernard.
Edoal.
Edward.
Klegual.
Gregory.
Islal.
Israel.
Saloiu.
Jerome.
Miss;^J.
Michael.
Lobal.
Robert.
Simo.
Simon.
Lolo.
Lawrence.
Agat.
Agatha.
O'zaiik.
Angelica.
O'nis.
Anna.
Sallot.
Charlotte.
Klistin.
Christiana
O'nias.
Aj>'nes.
Mali.
Klalis.
Mary.
Clarissa.
Amelaiu.
Emeline.
Alizobat.
Elizabeth.
Alan.
Ellen.
Lowiz,
Louisa.
Sopi.
Sophia.
Toloti.
Dorothy.
«4|
f^mmmmmmmmm
56
Sessil.
Kate} in.
Sozon.
Malgelit.
Tala'z.
Cicely.
Catherine.
Susan.
Margaret.
Theresa.
HOLIDAYS AND FESTIVALS.
Alamikowadimuk.
Kinjamesak.
Wasanmomuk.
Peguihodin.
Sogmowi Mali Kuasi- ; Lady day.
homuk.
Sediak kalnomnk.
O'bijibad.
Spemkik alihlod.
Pamosaiamihomuk.
Skweda paskhozik.
New-year's day.
Epiphany-Twelfth day
Candlemas.
A eh- Wednesday.
Pialak Kuasihomuk.
Palm Sunday.
Easter Sunday.
Ascension day.
Corpus Christi day.
St. John-Baptist — Mid-
summer day.
St. Peter and St. Paul.
Sogmowi Missal Kua- j Michaelmas day.
sihomuk, '
Pobatamawawdimuk. j All Saints.
Niboiamihomuk. Christmas.
Mowsedowadoi kisokw Dominion day.
Tebalmezoi kisokw. Indei^endence day.
Kinjamesiskua w'kis- Queen's birth-day, (hf.
kom.
O'tkagobadasi kisokw.
Queen's day.)
Arbour day.
— 67 —
SUBSTANTIVES HAYINCr NO SINGULAR.
Abasandoffanal.
n'
Aiamihoganal.
O'nkawalagiadiganal.
Aseswobial.
Pilianisak.
Senomkol or senomkui-
sal.
Aurore })orealis, Nor-
thern lights.
Beads, chaplet.
A chain.
A harness.
Reins.
Gravel.
As the Abenakis language has certain pecu-
liarities which are not to be found in the
English^ respecting the plural in pronouns^
and that the use of those pronouns is to occur
very often in the Second Part of this book,
for the right distinction of their signification,
I thought it convenient to give that part
of speech before I close the First Part, not-
withstanding that this be not the ordinary
sequel of a Vocabulary. The next pages will
therefore show you that part.
mm^^mmmmmmmmmmmm
58
THE PERSONAL PRONOUNS.
1. NOMINATIVE FORM.
Singular.
2 A", ' thou.
3 W, ' he, she.
Plural.
1 Ny I, we, (exclusive.)
1 AV 2j we ; (inclusive.)
2 a:,' you ;
3 W, ' they.
2. OBJECTIVE FORM.
Singular.
1 iVi'rt, me, (I ;)
Plural.
1 Niuna, us, to us, (we ;)
,1 Aewwflj, us, to us, (we ;)
- Aia, thee, (tnou;) 12 Jumvd, you, to you.
3 Agma, him, her,(she ;) j 3 Agmdwd, them, to
I them, (they).
iul'cJ^i^'} ^^"^ T^}- ^'' ^'"'^^' °^' niumlla, is einplove.l, when
those that speak do not include in their number the person
or persons lo whom they speak : n'milsibena, we eat. (wo that
'\?^ V."'^^ ^''^ person or persons whom we speak to )
L K 18 used, when those that speak wcmdc in their number
the person or persons to whom they speak : A'' vazdbibcna
we see. (we that spea,k, and the person or persons to whom'
we speak.) And likewise Kiuna, Kiunalla, us. we, ourselves,
spoken lo ^^^"^''^^^''' ''^^'^'^ ^''^^ ^5'^'^'^' ^^'^ those that are
• — 69 ~-
3. REP^LECTIVE FORM,
Singular.
I Niatfa, myself ;
2 Kialta, thyself;
Plural,
1 Niunatta, ourselves,
• to — ; (exol.)
1 Kiunalta, ourselves,
to—; (incl.)
2 Kiuwdtla, yourselves,
j to~;
3 Agmatta, himself, her- 1 8 Agmdwdtla, themsel-
self ; I ves, to—;
THE rOSSESSIVE PRONOUNS.
Singular.
1 Nia, mine ;
2 Kia, thine ;
3 Agma, his, hers
Plural.
1 Niuna, ours, (excl.)
1 Kiuna, ours, (inol )
2 Kiuvjd, yours ;
3 Agmdrod, theirs.
N.-B.— Mind also Ihit the pos.<iessive adjeciives n\ /,', our,
undergo the same peculiarities as llie pronouns.
PART SECOND
TllK ELEMIONTS
OF
ABENAKIS CONVERSATION
VOCABULARY
Migiien.
Awigliiganebi.
Pilaskw.
Awigliigana/. ^
Wissiguakliigana/o
Telaps.
Paskhigan .
Peza.
Sasahlog?/.
Wiguaol.
O'gemak.
W66bak8igamigvv.
Tobi.
Pakuaa/.
Abaznodaa/.
A pen.
Some ink.
Some paper.
Some books.
Some envelox)es.
A trap.
A gun.
Some powder.
Some shot.
A bark- canoe.
Snow shoes.
A tent.
A bow.
Some arrows.
Some baskets.
1. The findl italics mark the plural.
(>2
Aplo.srt/.'.
Azawi^limcn«A^
Nibimciia/
Popokua/.
Adebimoiia/.
Some apples.
Some ])lums.
Some bush-craiiborvi(^s.
Some cranberries.
Some cherries,
USE OF THE VERB
WajdnOmuky wq/dndzik^ to have, with the fore-
going nouns, in the aflirmative form.
N'wajono miguen.
'Wajonem awighiga-
nebi,
N'wajonemebena pilas-
kw
K'wajonemeba awighi-
ganal.
'"VVajonemok wissigna-
khiganal.
N'wajouob telaps.
'Wajonemob paskhi-
gan.
N'wajonemebenob peza
K'wajonebob sasahlo-
gil.
'Wajonernobanik wi-
guaol.
N ' w aj onoj i ogem ak .
'Wajonemji woobaksi-
gamigw.
N'wajonobenaji tobi.
K'wajonemebaji pakua-
al.'
I liave a pen.
He (she) has eome ink.
We have some paper.
You have some books.
They have some enve-
lopes,
I had a trap.
He (she) had a gun.
We had some powder.
You had some shot.
They had a bark-canoe.
I shall have snow shoes
He (she) will have a
tent.
We shall have a bow.
You will have some
arrows.
6:5
vtir
VA'ajonemokji abaisno-
daal.
N'wajonoba aplosak.
'Wajonaba azawaiiime-
na.
N'wajoaemebenaba ni-
bimenal.
K'vvaj6nemebal)a popo-
kual.
'Wajonemokba adebi-
raenal.
TJiey will have somo
baskets.
I should have some
apples.
He (she) would have
. some plums.
AVe should have some
bush -cranberries.
You would hav(^ some
cranberries.
They w^ould have some
cherries.
VOCALULArvY.
Mijowogan.
Nokhigan.
Moziia.
Pkuazigan.
Wdamo.
Wdamogan.
Mkezenal.
Teinahigan .
Alni-temahigan.
Lobakhiganal.
O'dolibiogan.
Temespanahon.
Lessagahigan.
Paks.
PkweBsagahigan or
pkwessaghigan.
Chigitwahigan.
Alokawogan.
Provisions.
"^^lour.
Moose-meat.
Bread.
Tobacco.
Pipe.
i Shoes, moccasins.
1 An axe.
A tomahawk.
Suspenders.
An oar.
Scissors.
A trunk.
A box ; chest.
A key.
A rasor.
Work, labour.
6i
Tehobakhigan.
Silkial.
Aguanagiadiganal.
Scales ; bnhmce.
]{i))bon8.
Curtains.
USE OF THE VJtlRB
Wfijdndmuk, tvajdndzih; to h.'tve, with tlio Ibro-
going nouns, in the negative i'orm.
O'da n'wajonemow mi- j I liave no provisions.
jowogau. I
O'da wajonemowi nok- , Ho (she) lias no (lour.
higan. |
O'da n'v^'ajonemoppena We have no moose-
moziia. | meat.
O'da k'wajonoppa pku- 1 You have no bread.
azigan.
O'da wajonawiak Avda-
mo.
O'da n'wnjonop wda- I had no pipe.
Tht'y have no lobaceo.
mogan.
O'da wajonemovvip mk-
ezenal.
O'da n'wajonemoppen-
ob temahigan
He (she) had no shoi»s.
We had no axe.
You had no tomahawk.
O'da k'wajonemoppob
alni-lemahigan.
O'da 'wajonomowiba- They had no suspen
nik lobakhiganal.
der^!.
— 65 —
V(JCABULARY OF ADJECTIVES.
(Simple and Invariable).
Maji.
Kchi.
Mkj, mamsi.
Wski.
Negoni, nonei'oni.
Wawasi.
Soffmosvi.
Pili, pilclowi.
Wobi.
Mkazawi.
Sogli.
Mliki.
Noki.
Pogui.
Sasagi.
Adasri.
^1.
Kpagi.
Wazabi .
Tkuigui.
Tatebi.
Abagi.
Good ; gentle.
Bad, moan.
Great, big.
Large ; vast.
New ; young.
Old ; ancient.
Holy ; sacred.
Saint.
New.
White.
Black.
Solid ; stout.
Strong,
i Soft.
'. Pure ; genuine.
I Just ; right.
i Dishonest ; roguish.
Futile ; senseless.
Thick.
Thin.
lieavy.
Level ; even ; alike.
! Flat.
Note.— AlII the abovo aflji^clives siprnify nothing l)y Uicm-
soivos ; Ihey signify what is ascribed to lliom, but when they
are prolonged by some other syllables . as, go, r/en, etc., etc.,
or connected with some other words, either nouns or verbs.
They arc therefore invariable, being in somehow but particles
of wor.ls.
— (^Q---
TIIE FOREaOINCI ADJECTIVES
Prolonged by syllables representing the verb
lo be, and joined to nouns and verbs in the
affirmative and negative form, either with
or w^ithout interrogation.
1
7
If
(or kchi"
Wligo.
AVligen.
Wligen ?
Kchi sibo,
tegw.)
Msinoguat ?
Mamsi ki.
Wski ahioba.
"Wski wigwom, (o
wski gamigw).
N'manohom
paskhigan,
N-d-agidam W a \v a s i
Awighigan.
Sogmowi Pial.
Pili kisos.
PiMowi qjmowogan,
Wobiffen ?
n e g o n i
Wobigen.
Wobigo.
Mkazawigo.
Mkazawigen.
Sogli sanoba.
Mlikigo.
Noivigen.
Pogai moniio.
He, she, (it) is good.
It is good.
Is it good ?
A great river.
Does it look big ?
A vast ground.
A young man.
A new house.
I buy an old gun,
I road the Bible, {UL
the holv book.)
St. Peter. *
The new moon.
A new history.
Is it white ?
It is white.
He (she) is white.
He (she) is black.
It is black.
A stout man.
He, she, (it) is strong.
It is soft.
Of pure (of solid) silver.
--67
Pizwi klosowoffaiiv o
Adagipmowsowiniio. 1 j A dishonest person.
lA vain talk, a lutilc
I argument.
I The ice is thick.
Illis (her) mittens are
I thin.
j It looks heavy.
; He, she,(it) looks heavy.
i They are not alike.
Is your basket flat ?
Kpagizo pkuami.
AV 'meljassa wazabizoa .
Tkv^guinogwat. 7
Tkwguiuogwzo. 1
O'da tatebigenowial.
Abagigen k'-d-a b a z-
noda ?
Abagigen n'-d-a b a z •
noda.
My basket is flat.
VOCABULARY OF ADJECTIVES.
(Contracted and Variable).
Waligit. )
"Waligek. \
Majigit. ■(
Majigek. \
Masgilek. }
Masguikwek. \
Piwsessit. )
riwsessek. ]
Wskia.
Negonia,
Wobigit. }
Wobigek. \
Makazawigit. )
Makdzavv'-igek. (
Good, handsome.
Bad, wicked, moan.
; (xreat, large, big.
Little, small.
New.
Old
White.
Black.
(]8
Soglizit. /
Soglak. ]
Malkigit. )
Malkigek. \
Nokigit. j
Nokigek. j
Poguigit. I
Poguigek. \
Sasagigit. /
Sasagigek. \
Piziwadoit. /
Piziwadoik. j
Kapagizit. )
Kapagak. j
Wazabizit, )
Wazabak. ]
Takwiguelek. \
Takwiguak. J
Abagigit, i. )
Abagigek. )
Solid, strong, durabk',
Strong, stout.
Soft, tender-
Pure, genuine.
Straight.
Useless, void, futile.
Thick.
Thin.
Heavy.
Flat.
1. NoTK.—As tliero are in Abenakis /u^o kinds oJ'Subslan.
lives, viz ; the mimnte, denoting objects havine: animal life ;
and the inanimate, denoting inanimate objcclM . so also there
are animate and inanimate Adjectives and Verbs, which are
made to agree with the suhstanlives accordingly. Those
substantives are distins[uished by tiie termination ol' t}ie
ydxiral, which is always k for the anhnale, (as well as for the
personified, which are treated as if they were animate), and
/ for the inanimate. We likewise distinguish the adjtclives by
their termination in the sinfrular, which is usually) as above,
k for Uie animate, and / for the inanimale.
00 —
THE FOilEGOlNG ADJECTIVES
JOINED TO NOUNS, EITHER SINGULAR OR PLURAL.
(Simple' and Contracted).
Wli ases.
Wli kaozr/A:.
Waligijik asesa/i-.
Waligek wigwom.
Walikkil tasakiuihonrt/.
Majiwskinnosis.
Majigit aples.
A good horse.
Good < ows.
Fine horses.
A line house.
Fine (good) chairn.
A bad boy, a mean lad.
A l>ad apple, (unsound).
Majikk/7pi]askwiinoni- The counterfeit bank
al- ; notes.
Kchi uebesa/. I Great lakes.
Masegilek wdahogan. A long (large) i>addle.
Maseguikwk// kikona/. Largo fields.
F'iwsessiji/; alernossrt/. . I Little dogs.
Piwsessekubizonkikon. I A small garden.
A now ^Qxx pants, a
new pantaloon.
A new umbrella.
A superstition, (literal-
ly : an old imagina-
Wski peljos.
Wski oba ga w atahi gan .
Negon i w 1 on i a wal d am-
wogan.
Wobigit azib.
Wobikkil masksa«/.
tion.)
A white sheep.
AVhite blankets.
Makazawigit skuozon- jSome black thread.
tagw^
Makazaw iffok silki
»
Soo'lizil wakolikvvs.
'n
Some black silk ;
ribbon.
A slronffcart ;-"Whe.ol.
— 70 —
Soglak wiigin. i A strong waggon.
Malkigit sanoba ; ma- ' A stout man ; a strong
liksanit— . — ,
Malkigek or maliksa- j'-lpirituous liquor, (lite-
noik kadosmowogan. | rally : strong b(n'<'-
i rage.)
Nokigit pohkuasimon. i A soft pillow.
Nokigek abazi. | Some soft wood.
f\')gui alnobak. j Full blooded Indians.
Pizwadoit nodalokat. j A heartless servant.
Pizwadoik alokawogan i A Iruitless labour.
Kapagizijik meljassak.
Kapagaki 1 m ke z e n al .
AVazabizit madagen.
AVazabagil medasal.
Takwiguelek nidazo.
Takwiguak 6})adahon.
A])agigijik potoiiak.
Abagigek al)aznoda.
Thick mittens.
Thick moccasins,
shoes.
A thin hide.
Thin sot'ks.
A heavy animal.
A heavy cane.
Flat bottles.
A flat basket.
or
SENTENCES EXE MPLI FYING
The foregoing Nouns and Adjectives, either in
the affirmative, negative, or interrogative
form.
N'wajonc) wli ases.
O'da wajonawi wli kao-
za.
K'wajonobena vvaligi-
jik asesak ?
K'manohomebaji wa-
likkil wigwomal.
1 have a good horse.
He (she) has no good
cows.
Have we soqil good
horses ?
You will buy fine
(good) houses.
-. Yl -
Wlitoakba walikkil ta- ; They woiild make line
sakwabonal. i chairs.
O'da ii'kezalmow majil 1 don't lik^^ l)ad boys.
^vskinnisisak. i
O'da k'dachwalmow ; I)on't you want some
maji aplesak ? ' bad apples ?
( )'daaba wdenmowi lie would not take the
maji pilaskwimonial. j conterfeit bank notes.
'Namito kchi nebesal. He (she) sees some groat
I lakes.
W'namitonal kchi ne- He (she) sees the groat
besal. j lakes.
K'kiz'onkolhon masegi- i Have you (thou) sold
lek wdahogan • the large paddle V
K'kiz'onkolhon.'il mase- i Have you (thou) sokl
guikwkil kikonal. the large fields '.'
N'nanawalmonnawkji j We will keep the little
piwsessijik alemos- i dogs.
sak. !
K'-d-asamov okba ale- } Would you teed the
mossisak ?
W'-d-6pchi nokapodo*
nal piwsessekil nbi-
zonkikonal.
N'kiz onkolho wski pel-
jes.
O'da k'waniadow wski
obagawatahigan ?
Kaguessi negoni wlo
little doffs
th(
puppies ?
He (she) is liar rowing
the small gardens.
I have sold a new pan-
taloon.
Did not you lose a new
umbrella '?
What a superstition is
mawaldamwcgan ni ? j tliat ?
N'nihio wol^igit azib. \ 1 Id lied the white sheep
t2 —
Awakatoak wobikkil
masksaal.
N'-d-achoalmo sknoson-
tagw wobigit.
N'-d-achoaldam silki
wobig'ek.
K'-d-alokamibesa sogli-
zit wakolikws ?
N'-d-alokamib soglak
wagin.
N'-d-6gazahobenaba
malkigit sanoba.
K' w ikuen embenaba
(malkigek) kadosmo-
wogan.
N'wajono nokigit poh-
kuasimon.
N'wajonem nokigek
abazi.
Pogui alnobak kiuwo ?
Pogui alnobak niuna.
O'da niuna pogui alno-
bak.
O'da n'-d-achwalmow
pizwadoit nodalokad.
'Wlito pizvvadoik alo-
kawogan.
O'pchito pizwadoik
alokawogan.
K'kizanokok kapa^izi-
jik meljassak ?
They use white blan-
kets.
I want some white
thread.
I want some white silk.
Did yon order a strono:
cart ?
I ordered a strong wag-
gon.
We would hire a si out
man.
We would lake some
(spirituous) liquor.
1 have a soft pillow.
I have some soft wood.
Are you full blooded
indians ?
We are full blooded
indians.
We are not full blooded
indians.
I don't want a heartless
servant,
lie (she) makes a use-
less work.
He (she) is making a
useless work.
Did you buy the thick
mittens ?
73
K kiz'anoho mebesa j Did you buy some thick
kapagakil mkezenal ? moccasins ?
N inanohoba wazabisi-
jik madagenok.
I shouldlmy some thill
hides.
1 Pazekw.
2 Pazego.
8 Pazegwon. \
1 Nis. )
2 Nisoak. }
3 Nisnol. )
"1 Nas. )
2 Nloak. }
3 Nhenol. )
1 lii\y.
2 lawak.
3 lawnol.
1 Nolan.
2 Nonnoak.
S Nonnenol
Nguedoz.
Tobawoz.
OF NUMBEIIS.
(1. Cardinal numbers.)
Om
Two.
Throo.
Four
F
IVO.
Six.
Seven,
Ohsekv.vtion.— Cardinal numbers from one lo (ivo, as abovf
aro of three kinds, viz: I. AhsiracL immhav^ or iho^c lived'
merely m couniing : pazeMv, nis, mis, etc.. one, two, Ihrt^e
t'lc ; ?. roncrck' numbers or those pertaining lo liie lim,ta-
lion of llie animate objects, and perso7ii/ied things ; as, pazeno
smwha, one man : fiisoak mmia/c, two dollars ; :;. Concrele
numbers used to determine things only ; as, pazegivm nwinki-
gan, one hook ; nonnenol wi/ju'o>nal, live houses."
74 —
Nsozek.
Noliwi.
Mdala.
Nguedonkaw,
Nifconkaw.
Nsonkaw. {pron : row,)
lawonkavY.
Nononkaw.
Nguodoz kasonkaw.
Tobanoz kas6iibav\ .
Nsozek Icasonkavv.
Noliwi kasonkaw.
Nisinska.
Nisiiiska taba pazekw.
Nisinska taba uis.
Nisinska taba nas.
Nivsinska taba iaw.
Nisinska taba nolan.
Nisinska ta})a nguedoz.
Nisinska taba tobawoz,
Nisinska taba nsozok.
Nisinska taba nolivv^i.
Neinska.
Nsinska taba ])azek\Y,
&c.
lawinska.
fawinska taba pazekw,
&c.
Nonninska.
Nonninska taba pa-
zekw, iS;:c.
Ngnedoz kasinska.
Eight.
Nine.
Ten.
Eleven.
Twelve.
Thirteen.
Fourteen.
Fifteen.
Sixteen.
Seven! jBen.
Eighteen.
Nineteen.
Twenty.
Twenty-one.
Twenty -two.
Twenty-three.
Twenty- tour.
Tw^enty-live.
Twenty- six.
T wen tv-s even.
Twenty-eight.
Twenty-nine.
Tliirty.
Thirty-one, ike.
Fourty.
Fourty-one, SiC.
Fifty.
Fifty-one, &c.
^ixtv
75-.
Eightv
Nguedoz kasinska taba jSixty-ouo, Sec.
pazekw, iS:e. I
Tobawoz knsinskci. ! Seventy.
Tobawoz kasinska ta1)a|Sev(Mity-on«', cS^c
pazekw, iVc.
Nsozek kasinska.
Nsozek kasinska laba Eighty-one, cVo.
pazokw, &c. I
Noliwi kasinska. 'Ninety.
Noliwi kasinska taba ' Ninety-one, iSrc.
pazekw. tVc.
Nguedatgua. One bundrod.
Nguedatgiia taba pa- Hundred and one, ..Ve.
zekw, &c. I
Nisaigna. jTwo hundred.
Nisatgua taba pazekw, ; Two hundred ;vnd one,
&c, ; Sec.
Nsatgua. | Three hundred.
Nsatgua taba pazekw, Three hundred and one,
lawatgua. ' Four hundred,
lawatgua taba pazokw, Four hundred and one,
&c.
Five hundred.
Nonnatgua.
Nonnatgua taba pa- Five hundred and one,
zekw, &c, I &c.
Nguedoz kasatgua. iSix hundred.
Nguedoz kasatgua taba Six hundred and one,
pazekw, &c. i Sec
Tobawoz kasatgua. | Seven hundred.
Tobawoz kazatgua tab;?^ \ Seven hundr<*d and one,
pazekw, &e. | Sec,
Nsozek kasatgua*
Eight hundred
— 76 —
Nsozek kaaatgua taba
pazekw, &c.
Noliwi kasatgua.
Noliwi kasatgua taba
pazekw, &c.
Ngucdomkuaki. (proii.
— ak — ki.)
Nisomkuaki taba nis.
Nsomkuaki taba iias.
Taworakuaki ta])a iaAv.
Nonnomku^ki taba
nolan.
Nguod 6z kasomkuaki .
Tobawoz kasomkuaki .
Mdala kasomkuaki.
Nguedatgua kasom-
Jvuaki.
Noniiatgua kasomkua-
ki.
Kchi-nguedomkuaki.
Nisda kchi-uguedom-
kualvi.
Mdala kasta kehi-iifruo-
domkuaki.
"C5
Eight hundred and one,
&c.
-Nine hundred.
Nine hundred and on<',
&c.
One thousand.
Two thousand and two,
' &<■.
Three thousand and
three.
Four thousand and lour
Five thousand and fi^ e.
^Six thousand.
Seven thousand.
Ten thousand.
Hundj»?d tliousand.
Five hundred tliousand
One million.
Two millions.
Ten millions.
(2. Distributive number >i.)
.i'
Papazego ; papazegwen.
Nenisoak ; nenisuol.
One by one ; one each,
or to each.
Two even' time, three
osLvlf, or to each.
TV —
Nunloak ; neuhouol.
leiawak ; ieiawuol.
Nenonnoak ; nenonne-
nol.
Nenguedoz.
Tetobawoz.
Nensoisek.
Nenoliwi.
Memdala.
Nenguedonkavv.
aSfeuisonkaw.
Nensonkaw.
Teiawonkaw. '
Nenonnonkaw.
Nenguedoz kasonkaw.
Totobawoz kasoiikaw.
Nensozek kasonkaw.
3 every time, S each, or
to each.
4 ev(^ry time, 4 each, or
. to eacli.
5 every time, 5 each, or
to each.
6 evf^ry time, G each, or
to each.
I every time, 1 each, or
to each.
3 every time, 8 each, or
1o each,
9 every time, 9 each, or
to each.
10 every time, 10 each,
or to each.
II every time, 11 each,
or to each.
12 every time, 12 each,
or to each.
13 every time, 13 each,
or to each.
14 every time, 14 each,
j or to each.
! 15 every time, 16 each,
' or to each.
KJ every time, 10 each,
I or to ea<h.
lit every time, 17 each,
I or to each.
1 18 every time, 18 each,
1 or to each.
78 —
Nenoliwi kasonkaw.
Nenisinska.
Noiiisinyka laba pa-
zokw.
Nonsinska.
N oiisinska t aba pa/ekw.
leiawineka.
Nenonniska.
Nenegued oz kasinska.
Tetobawoz kasinska.
Nensozok kasinska.
Nenoliwi kasinska.
Nenguedalgua.
Nenguedatgua taba pa-
zekw .
Nenisatgua.
NiMisatgua.
leiawatgua.
1!) every iimo, ID each,
or to ench.
20 every time, 20 each,
or to each,
21 every time, 21 each,
or to each.
.SO every time, 30 <^ach,
or to each.
31 every time, 31 each,
or to each.
40 every tim<', 40 each,
or to each.
r)0 every iim«\ hO each,
or to each.
60 every time, <10 each,
or to each.
70 every time, 70 each,
or to (Mich.
80 every time, <S0 each,
or to each.
IK) everv lime, IHJ each,
or to each.
100 every time, lOU
each, or to each.
101 e\'<'ry lime, 101
each, or to each.
200 every time, 200
each, or to each.
300 every time, 300
each, or to each.
400 every time, 400
each, or to each.
-19
NonoliAvi kasatgua.
Neiiguodomkuaki.
^eiiisomkuaki.
Nensoinkuaki.
nOO every time, \m
ea( h, or to each.
1000 <'very time, 1000
"each, or to each,
2000 every time, 2000
each, or to each.
3000 every time, 8000
XT 1 . , . ' ^'^^ch, or to each.
J^enguedoz kasomkua- GOOO every time, 6000
XT T . 1 . , ^^^ch, or to each,
^enohwi kasomkuaki. j 9000 every time, 9000
M 11, . , , ! ^"^c^^' ^^^^o each.
Memdahi kasomkuaki. , 10,000 every time, 10,-
xr^ . • 1 , , , I ^^'^^ *?'i<^h, or to each.
iNeaiisinska kasomkua- 1 20,000 every time, 20,-
xr, . ^ , I ^00 each, or to each.
i>J enguedatgua kasom- 1 00,000 every time 100 -
^'''^^'- ^ 000 each, or to each.
1,000,000 every time,
1,000,000 each, or to
each.
Kekchi nguedomkuaki.
(3. MuUipIijm<r Niimbcrs.)
Pazguedi
a.
Nisda.
Nseda.
lawda.
Nonneda.
Nguedoz kasta.
Tobaw'oz kasta:
Nsozek kasta.
Noliwi kasta.
Once.
Twice.
Three times.
Four times.
Five times.
times.
8 "
9 *'
80
Mdala kafila.
Nguedoiiicaw kasta.
Nonnoiikaw kasta.
Noliwi kasonkaw kasta
Nisinslra kaBta.
Nisinskf. taba pazekw
kasta.
Ni^inska taba nis kai^ia.
NsiiuKa Ki su).
Nsinska taba nolan
ka«ta.
ia\vi:.?ka kasla.
iSoiiniiiska kasta.
Ngnodatgua kasta,
Nguedvjz k a s a t g u a
kasta.
N,'^uedom kuaki l^asui .
(vclii-nguc'domkuaki
taha neguvdoz kasat- {fjiUinClij : one
ffua taba iionniiiska thousand and
10 t
imcs.
n
«
15
u
11)
l(
20
ii
21
u
22
it.
30
u
3o
u
40
a
;50
.(
100
(1
000
u
100'/
u
000,055
u
t-»
great
taba ]iolan ka^ta.
hundrt^d and fifty and
fivf times.)
M. Muifipiyin^''DiMribulivH Numbers.)
i'apdzrueda.
Neiiif-da.
Nenscda.
I Once very time ; once
I each, or to each.
, Twici' every time ;
I twice oach.or toea<:h.
I Three times every lime,
1 3 times vach, or to
i each.
81
leiawda.
Neiionnoda.
Nejiffued..:: Lrasta.
Tetubawoz kasta.
Nonsozek kaefa.
N<'iioliwi kasta.
Momdala kasta.
N'enizorikaw kasta.
Noiionnonkaw kast'
N"enisi)rKka kasra.
Neuisiuska. Iai»a p;>z«'-
kw kaMla.
4 times c'very time ;
1 times each, or to
each.
5" times every time ;
5 times each or to
each. "^
6 times every time ;
6 timojs each, or to
each.
7 tim^s every time ;
7 times each, or to
each.
i 8 times every time ;
I 8 times each or to
each.
C times every time ;
times each, or to
each.
lU times every liir^e ;
10 times each, or to
each.
12 times every time .:
12 times each, or to
each.
15 tim<'s every time ;
lo times each, <>r lo
each.
20 times every tim*-
2(> times rach or to
ejich.
~1 times every time ;
•-il times enc'h. or to
each.
82
Nensinska kasta.
leiawinska kasta.
Neiioniiinska kasta.
Non g-u odat gua k asia .
Neiiisatcrna kasta.
Neiionnatuua kasln.
N e u g u e d o iti k ii a k i
kasta.
30 times every time ;
30 times each, or to
each.
40 times every time ;
40 times each, or to
each.
50 times every time ;
50 times each, or to
each.
100 times every time ;
100 times each, or to
each.
200 times every time ;
200 times ea(;h, or to
each.
500 times every time ;
500 times each, or to
each.
1000 times every time ;
1000 times each, or to
each.
(5 Ordinal ? 'ibers rnarkinf^ the order and siirrf^^-
sion of animal f ob/fcls, and personii'ied lhin<!;n.)
Nitamabit.
Nis akwobabit,
Nas akwobabit.
law akwobabit.
Nolan akwobabit,
Mdala akwobabit
Nonntmkavv akwobabit. The iil'teeiilh.
The first.
The second.
The thiid.
,The fourth.
I The 11 ft h.
The tenth.
— 83 —
Ngucdoz kag6nka\Y
akwobauit.
Nisinska akwobabit.
lawinska akwobabit.
Noiiinska akwobabit.
NgiK'doz kasinska ak-
wobabit.
Noliwi kasinska akwo-
babit,
Noliwi kasinska taba
noliwi akwobabit.
Nguedat f^ua akwobabit .
iNguodatgua taba n6n-
iiin^a kw6])abit.
Ngncdomkuaki taba
nonnatgua taba ji6n-
ninska taba nolnn ak-
wo])a])it, <'ic. . etc.
The sixteenth.
The twentieth,
The fortieth.
The fiftieth.
Th<! sixtieth.
The nineticih.
The ninety-ninth.
Th(* hundreth.
The hundred and 11 (-
tieth.
The thousand fiv<- hun-
dred and lil'ty-liflh,
etc., ttc.
((>. Ordinal n urn hers marking fhe orde, /nnf
sncressioft of things.)
Nitamatak.
Nis akwobtak.
Nas akwobtak.
law ukwobtaiv.
N61 a 1 ak w ob t a k .
Mdiila akwobtak.
Nonnonkaw ak\vo})<ak.
Ngucdoz kasonkaw ak-
\\ obtnk.
Nisinska akwobtak.
lawinska .nkwobtak.
Thr iirst.
rp
The seeond.
I The third.
Tho fourth.
The firtli.
The tenth.
The Ulteenth.
The sixteenth
!
I The twentieth
' The I'niiieth.
84
Noiminska akwobtak. Tho liltieth.
Nii'aedoz kasinska ak-
wobtak.
Noliwi kasinska taba
noliwi akwobtak.
Nguedatgua taba n on- The hundred and fif-
ninska akwobtak. \ tieth.
Mdala kasomkuaki taba ' The ten thousand five
The sixtieth.
The ninetv-ninth.
nonnatgua taba non-
ninslva taba nolan
akwobtak, etc.
hundred and fifty
iifth, etc.
(7. Ordinal numbers marking the order and surcea-
sion of chapters, rerses, sectiom of law i^
articles of regulations, etc.)
Nitamagimguak or pa-
zekw alag'imguak.
Nis ahigimgualv.
Nas alagimguak.
Nolan alagimguak.
Mdala alagimguak.
Nisinska alaffiraffuak.
't?
Nonninska alagimguak,
Nguedatgua a 1 a g i m-
guak, etc., oto.
First.
Second, or secondlv.
Third, or thirdly. '
Fifth, or fifthly."
Tenth, or tenthly.
T wcntie th , or i wen t i -
ethly.
Fi tti eth , o r fi Ft iethl y .
Hundreth, or liun-
dredthly, (Uc, e(c.
(8. Fractional numbers.)
Tawi chebenozik.
Psitria ; pabasi...
One quavti'r.
The half.
85
lawi chobenozik iisi-| Three quartern; ihivo
fourths.
The third.
Two thirds.
One lifth.
Three fifths.
chebat.
Nasi chebeiiozik.
Nasi chebenozik nisi-
chebat.
Nonni chebenozik.
Nonni chebenozik nsi-
chebat.
Nguedoz kasi che])e-i One sixth.
uozik. i
Mdala kasi chebenozik. ' One tenth.
Mdala kasi chebenozik j Four tenths.
iawi-chebat. I
Nguedato-ua kasi che- ()ne liundredth, etc.
benozik, etc. i
(9. Multiph numbers )
i'kawiNvi. (or nisda I The doubk'.
pkawiwi.) j
Nseda pkawiwi. The triple,
lawdi pkawiwi. The quadruple.
Nonneda pkawiwi, |The quintu]^lc.
Nguedatgua kasta pka- The centuple.
wiwi-
80
VOCABULARY OF ADVEllBS, rJIEPOSl-
TIONS, CONJUNCTIONS AND
1NTEE.TECTI0NS.
INVARIABLE PARTICLI^.
(1. Adverbs)
O'hoo.
Kalaata.
O'da.
Kizi.
Mina.
Askua.
Asma.
Kiiiizi.
Wlogwa.
Saba.
Pita.
Nopaiwi.
l^asojivvi.
oni.
Toni kasi...
Mawia.
Awasivvi.
Chitoiwi, (chito...)
Nodohvi, (node)...)
Tagasiwi, (tagasi...)
Wigawojiwi, (wiga-
■w6ji...)
Sipkivv'i, (sipki...)
Nadawiwi, (nadawi.
Nabiwi, (nabi...)
..)
Yes.
Indeed ; truly ; in Ilict.
No ; not ; neither, nor.
Already ; after.
Again, yet, still,
i Still, again.
Never, not yet.
I Already : beforehand.
j Yesterday.
i To-morrow.
Very, much.
Far.
Near ; nearly.
How ; where ; what.
How much.
Better.
Beyond, furthermore.
Further ; w^orst.
Less.
Little ; few.
Often, frequently.
Late.
Seldom, rarely.
Early, soon.
87 —
Mamlawiwi. (mamla-
wi...)
8asagiwi, (easagi...)
Nitta.
Pasodawiwi.
Pabomiwi.
Ni.
Kwask\iai.
(Wami.,., tabi...)
Wzomi.
Mina.
Askua awasivvi.
(Kassi , , . )
Nobi kassi.
Aiwa.
U, iu, u tali.
Ni, enni, ni tali.
Kizi.
Almitebihlok.
Askua mina.
Chiga.
Ni, ni adqji.
N6wat, negoniwi.
Wskebi, kizilla.
Wigodamiwi, (wigo-
danii '
Kassiwi
Pabomiwi.
Nalwiwi.
Paliwi.
Kwajomivvi.
Chebiwi.
\ Much ; abundantly.
I
I Straight, directly.
-Forthwith, immediate-
Near, nearly.
About.
So ; and.
Enough .
Enough.
Too much.
More ; again.
Furthermore, moreover
So much, so many.
As much, as many.
\lmost.
Here.
There.
Already.
Afterwards.
Yet, still yet.
When.
,Thcn.
I Formerly.
! Perhaps,
I Willingly.
I
I ToiJethcr.
I About.
I Everywhere.
Elsewhere.
Out ; outside.
Besides.
— 88 —
Kwolbiwi. I Behind.
Awasiwi. j Beyond, over.
Nikuobioji. i Hejiceibrth, lieroal'lor.
Tasiwi | Upon.
Waz w a wi, ( wazw a . . . ) Back, backward .
Nikoniwi, (nikoni... ') Ahead, forward.
(2. Preposilions.)
Asma awdimokw.
Kisi spozikimuk.
Nikoniwi agmak.
Kasiwi wijiaa.
Kikajiwi chebessagahi-
ganek.
Alomiwi ababskedak.
Oji papaioda.
Kwelbiwi kloganek.
AVskijiwi tawipodik.
Naguiwi abonek.
Nansawiwi tawzogani-
kok.
Laguiwi niak.
Chebiwi awossisak.
Weji moni.
Kwani podawazimuk.
Akuobi kistozik.
Aknobigek chowagi-
damwoganal.
Beibre the \\ ar.
After breakfast.
Before him.
With is brother.
Against the wall.
In the stove.
Since his arrival.
Behind the door.
On the table.
Under the bed.
Between the windows.
Towards me.
Besides the children.
For cash.
During the council.
According tlie decision.
According the com-
mandments.
I NoTK. These adverbs iilaced between parenlhesis lueau
what is ascribed to them but wlien they are placed belore a,
verb, or an adjective, and never can be used otherwise .
Nif^oni mojob, he (she) went ahead.
80
Wskijiwi abakuoganek. i Upon the j-ool',
Conc'.orniiig (ibr) Ihal
Weji uilidwogan.
Pdbomiwi, nisoak mo- ^ About two dollars
niak.
Sobiwi vvhagak. | Through the body.
Wiwni wi wigwomek. | li'ound the house.
Pasodawiwi or pasoji- ! Near us.
wi niunak. j
JSeb6i\vi or aseboiwi i Along the fence.
pemelodigan.
Kuajeraiwi aiarnihawi- 1 Out of the churcdi.
gamigok. i
Tatebesbawiwiodanak. | Opposite the city.
Weji Ilia. ' "
Lli asokwek.
Awasiwi odanak.
Pozijiwi ni.
AS for me, for me, ibr
my part.
tip to the clouds.
Beyond the city,village.
1 Above that,^ — place.
(3. Con/ujicfions.)
Ta, ni
And ; also.
Achi.
Also.
Kodak .
Thus ; as.
"VVzomi.
For, because.
Oji ali.
"Whereas ; because.
Kanwa.
But ; however.
Jaolawi.
As ; like.
Ni nawa.
Therefore, then.
Toni adoji.
When.
OYla.
Nor.
Chaga.
If.
00 —
loni.
Kanwa.
All.
Mina<niiha.
Waji ; wajiji,
Pajitebihloga.
Ni wattak.
VVeji aliusatozik
Tabat, tabatta.
O'daki.
Aiaga ; chaga 6da.
Anegitta.
Nobi taoL'iAvi.
Oji ali.
Oji ali nsatozik.
Tabat.
Kaalaki.
Whether, if.
Nevertheless.
That ; becauso.
Though, aUhougJi.
That, in order tliat.
In case, if.
Therefore ; wherefore.
For fear that.
Provided that.
Rather than.
TTnloss.
As soon as.
As well 'dfi, in the .same
way as.
As ; because.
For fear that.
Provided thai.
Indeed, in reality.
(4. Interjections.)
Ahaa ! ]
Enni ! |
lahi ! [
Wligen I I
Aiioo ! J
Akkwajala !
Kaamoji !
Ni aiaga !
Saaginogw !
Kdemoginogw !
Wessaginogw !
Saagad !
O'galiguomuk !
Exclama lions (express-
ing success and satis-
faction.
Articulation.-; express-
ing embarrassment.
Articulations express-
ing commiseration or
pity.
n
Wha ! 1
Nha ! 1
Kam6ji ! f
Alliguanogw I J
Ah!
Aie!
Aah!
Sh't! ')
Tabat! \
Exclamations express-
ing derision or irony.
Exclamations express-
ing disapprobation.
Artie u 1 a t i o n s com-
manding silence.
FAMILIAR niRASES TO FACILITATE
CONVERSATION.
(1. Fur questioning, a/firtnin^;, detiijiug, going,
coming, i\v.)
Awani na ?
Nmitogwes na.
Kagui or Kagwes ni ?
Wizowimonii sakhilja-
hon.
Toni k'-d-lanohomenni
sakhiljahon ?
Nonnoak moniak.
Kagui 11a ?
Nawji pai)oldoak, keta-
gik awdoldoak.
Kagui llitoguat ?
O'da kagui nodamiwi.
Chiga paioan ^ (sing.)
Wlogwa or wlogoa.
Who is that ?
That's mv father.
What is that ?
A gold ring.
How much did you pay
for that ring '?
Five dollars.
What is the matter ?
Some are playing, the
others are fighting.
What is the news ?
Nothing particular.
When did you come ?
(arrive ?)
Yesterday.
IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)
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Photographic
Sciences
Corporation
33 WEST MAIN STREET
WEBSTER, NY 14S80
(716) 873-4S03
iV
<<
%^
i\
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^mm
92 —
Kugui askawitoau ?
N'd-askawiton n'mo-
II im.
Kagui k'-d-eli vizi V
N'-d-eliwizi Sozap.
Kagui k'-d-idam ?
Odatta n'keloziw.
Kagui k'-d-elaloka ?
(sing.)
Kagui k'-d-elalokaba ?
(daul.)
Kagui k'-delalokhedi-
ba? (plur.)
N ■ -d- abaz iiodakabena . ^
N -d-abaziiodakhedibe-
na.
Kagui kadi nadodema-
wian V
K'kadi nadodemol waji
nadmihiau nlhoak
moniak.
Awani u wigvvom ?
Awani u wigii ?
Nmossis.
(
I
Nichenis.
What are you Waiting
for ?
I am waiting for my
money.
What is your name ?
My name is Joseph.
What do you say ?
1 don't speak at all.
What are you doing i
(sing.)
What are vou doing ?
(dual)
What are you doing ?
(plur.)
We are making bas-
kets'.
We are making l)as-
kets.
What do you want to
ask me ?
I want to ask you to
lend me three dollars.
Whose hou8o is this i
Who lives here :*
My sister (older than i.)
My brother. ) (younger
My sister. ) than 1)
1. N'-ddbazitodakubma is generiilly us"(l when speaking of
iwo or inoro persons, il' their iiunibor iB delinile to the spcakor ;
but when he has no (iplinite idea ol the nuinl)er of persons
performing tiie action, he will say : nUlabaznodakhediOena,
we (many of us) make baskets.
9n ■—
Awani ulil \v'-d-a\vik-
higanal ?
Awani nilil w'pilasko-
mal?
Nidopso ulil w'-d-awik-
higanal.
Nitsakaso nilil w'pilas-
komal.
Kagui n'-d-achowi 11a-
lokabena ?
Kagui k'-d-achowi lla-
lokabena ? ^
K'-d-ac}.»owi mqjibna
Irpiwi.
Av'is. ii kwilawahoan ?
Kagui kwilawatoan ?
Kagui wmiiadoan ?
N'moswa n'waniadon.
N'vvaniado raoni
N'waniadon mcni.
Ni alak. LI a ni.
K'kizi wloraawalda-
mikhoga.
Akui nitta wluma^v al-
ma raziwi awani.
Aliii ni k'-d-idamen ?
Whose books are these V
Whose papers are tho-
se ?
These books are my sis-
ter's—belong to my
sister.
Those papers belong to
my sister.
What have we to do ?
What have we to do ?
We have to go into the
woods.
Whom do you look for ?
What do you look for ?
What have you lost ?
I lost ray handkerchief,
(lit; my handkerchief
I lost it.)
I lost some money.
I lost the money.
It is the truth. It is true.
i You have heen imposed
I upon.
Don't believe immedia-
I tely every body.
; Do you joke ^
!. H«re we inclmlfs Iho pet -on or peisorisiu wlium Hit- irjtor-
rogation is made; uher as in llio procudijiij; sotiteneo, ice
excludes the person or i)eisons jjioken lo ; as givoii in Ut-
arf'fe af pronouns, al tlio end oCllni First Part ofihia J»ook.
fmrn
— 94 —
O'da k'olomawalmelo.
K'ol6ma ; \yl6ma.
O'da wldmawi ; Ada
wlomawiak.
Wz6mi kolozo.
Wzomi msAdoak.
86gnawabigw ; ]c'oz6- 1 Be quiet ; you make
mi nesktogwziba. too much noicc. (pi.)
K'wawinawowo na sa- 1 Do you know that man?
noba ? I (plur.)
N'wanaldamen w'wizo- ^ I forgot his name.
wogan. ;
O'da tabinAffuatowi ni It is not worth while
I don't believe you.
You are in the right ;
he is in the right.
He (she) is not in the
right ; they are not
in the right,
lie (she) speaks too
much.
They speak too loud.
tbelodozo.
to speak of that.
N'-d-achewaldamen I want you to make
kolitawin...
me..
Wliwni wji k'olidaha- I thank you for your
wogan uia wji. I kindness towards me.
K'ozomi wlidaho nia ! You are too good to me.
wji. i
N'olilawakftgon ni n'- 1 It affords me pleasure
d-elalokan kia vveji. to do that for you.
(sing.)
Toni alosaan.
Toni alosaak.
Where are you going?
(sing.)
Where are you going i
(plur.)
Nopaiwi n'-d-elosa. 1 1 am going far — off.
O'daabak'kiziwijawiw You can't come with
me. (sing.)
— 96 —
Pasojiwi n*-d-elesa.
Wijawigw.
N'mdg^ wigiak.
'Mojo wigiidit.
'Mojoak wigiidit.
K'ozomi kezosaba.
Wzomi mannosak.
K'wizaka ?
Llosada agomek.
Pkagonda, (lessaguo-
gaii, si bo, owdi, etc.)
Pidigada.
Sahobada.
Sahosagw.
N'-d-aspigoda wa .
N'penodawa.
U llagosada.
Ni alagosaadit.
Lagosa alnakaiwi
(ind. and imp.)
O'da llagcsawi pojiwi.
Sosasaposatta (imp. and
ind)
AVazwassa tagasiwi,
{imp. and ind.)
Petegi mina.
I am going near by.
Gome with me (plur.)
I am going home,
lie (she) is going home.
They are going home.
I You walk too faHt. (pi.)
They walk too slow.
Are you in a great
hurry ? (sing.)
Let us go to the other
side of the river.
Let us cross, (the bridge,
the river, th«» road,
etc.)
Let us go in.
Let us go out.
Go out, (plur.)
I go up (stairs).
I go down (stairs).
Let us go this way.
They go that way.
lie (she) goes to the
right ; go to the right.
He (she) does not go to
the left.
Go straight alono ; ho
(she) goes straight
alonff.
Go back a little (sing.)
he (she) goes back u
little.
Go back again (sing).
^m
06 —
Akui moji, oai u ka.si\vi
niuna.
Toni wadosaanY (s^.) (
Ton iwadosaakw ?(/?/.) j
N'odosa k'wigwomwog
N'odosa wigiak.
N'odosa nzaKiseA:. *
Losa ni.
VVijawi, (sing.) )
Wijawigw, (pliir.) j
Pasodosa skwedak,
avvazi.
K'-d-askawiholji.
Skawihigw u tali.
Towdana klogau, taw-
zogan.
Kebaha kloiranal ta
tawzoganal.
N'raoji wigiak Jiikwobi.
Sabaji u miua n'paitii.
Nobitta ui tafebat
w'paion ala oda.
K'tabin6gwzin6 k'sa-
zambogaiu).
Mamagahobanik weji
pobalainwogaii.
Don't go away, stay
here with us.
Where do you corao
from '
1 come from your house.
I como from home.
I come from my uncle's
Go there, (sing.)
Come (along) with mo.
Come near the fire,
warm yourself
I will wait for you,
(sing.)
Wait for mL' here, (sing).
Open the door, the
window, (sing )
Shut the doors and the
windows.
I go home now.
To-morrow I will come
here again {lit. to-mor-
row will here again
I come at.)
Tt is all the same ^\ he-
ther he comes or not.
You deserve to be whi]>-
ped. (pi.)
They have])een ill trea-
ted lor religion's sake.
♦ Sef llii! »»\|>I.in.iUoiisr'on<i'riiiij('; tli<M»M-ms of r>'lalion»lii|i
pugf 'I'i.
97-
K'-d-akwamalsoiiiog-
wzi.
Pazogo Apdalmo,kedak
melisja.
Azo paami wawodam
odaki Pial.
Wilawigoak tatebiwi.
Saagigoak tatebiwi ?
Saagigoak tatebiwi.
Nobi w'toji wilawigiu
taholawi widokana.
Kakaswi almi kcbiaoo-
it, kakaswi kagapsa.
Kakaswi almi alokaa,
kakaswi n'olowzi.
Toniji kwaiii wlideb'a-
lokaa n'kezalraegw-
ziji.
O'da n'tabi wilawigiw
waji ni manohoma.
Paami nabi paiak pa-
mekisgak odaki attoji
paiodit.
K'mamlawi nodosaiii
odaki agma.
N'-d-eli\vlaldamaw6n
w'-d-elosan kpiwi.
Kakaswi kagapsa almi
kchaioit.
7
You look sick.
One laughs, and the
■ other weeps.
John is wiser than
Peter.
They are both rich.
Are they both indus-
trioas ?
Thoy are both indus-
trious.
He (she) is as ricli as his
(her) brother.
The older he (she]
grows, the deafer he
(she) is.
! The more I work, the
j bettor off I am.
: As long as I shall be-
' have well, I will be
loved.
I am not rich enough
to buy that.
They arrived to-day
sooner than they
usually do.
You are by iar not so
strong as he is.
1 give him leave to go
to tlie woods.
The older he grows, the
deafer he is.
98 —
Kakaswi n' - d - aloka,
kaswi n'saagowzi.
Azo adali wawinak
weji mziwi agakirao-
gik.
The more I work, the
more needy I am.
John is the most ad-
vanced of all my
scholars.
(2. To inqiv're after health.)
Paakuinogwzian, nijia.
Toni k-d-6116\vzin Y
N'wowlowzi pita.
Toni k-d-awossissemak
w'-d-6116wzin6 ?
Wowlowzoak mziwi
Toni kigawes w'd-61-
lowzin ?
O'da kuina wowlowzi-
\vi.
Kagui lowza ?
Wesguinogana mzena.
N'-d-elsedam knojikw
agua achi momada-
malso.
Llaki ni, w'kuedogan
w'-d-akuamadamen .
Nowat wa awossis w'-
noii nkwamaieiii ?
O'da kuina nowat.
K'wajonem nbizonal.
Good morning, 8ir ^
How do you do ?
Very well, (lit : I am
very well.)
How do your children
do?
They are all well.
How does your mother
do?
She is not (very) well.
What is her illness ?
(what ails her?)
She has got a cold.
1 have heard your uncle
is also unwell.
So it is, he has got a
sore throat.
Has this rhild hcen sick
now a long time ?
No, not very long.
Have you any medici-
nes ?
1. Note. — iVyia (my brolhor) is used instead oi Sir in Englisli.
— 99 —
N'meaalto wli nbizonal.
N'wi^fodam iii alsedo-
Ian.
I have many good me-
dicines.
I am happy to hear you
say so.
(3. Of the Age.)
K'kasigadema "?
Nisinska n'kasigadema.
Kasigademak kmitog-
Aves la kigawes ?
Nmitogwes nguedoz
kasinska kasigadema.
ni nigawes nonnins-
ka.
Pita kizi kchiaoo nmito
How old are you ?
I am twenty years old.
How old are your lather,
and your mother ?
My father is sixty yearn
old, and my mother
fifty.
My father is already
very old.
My mother looks older
than she is.
gwes.
Nigawes paami kchiai-
nogwezo odaki kasi-
gademad.
Wfrki alnobao ; wski He is a young man ;
phanemoo. | she is a young woman.
Afekua pita k'nahnoga- You are yet active; (vi-
mato, olawi pita k'ki- 1 gorousj, although
very old
I thank tlie Lord who
chiawwi.
N'-d-alamizowi wah-
wogomo Tabaldak
gives me good health
in niv ai:e.
milit soglamalsowo-
gaii akwobigademaa
K kasigadema taholawi | Are you ol my ago i
nia ?
N'kasigadema taholawi I am of your age, of his
kia, taholawi agma. i age.
— 100 —
Nia adali kchiawwia.
Nia adali awossiswia.
Awani paami kchiaw-
wit kiuwo nisiwi ?
Awani adali kohiawwit
kiuwo nloiwi ?
Nia.
K'kasobaiba ?
N'liisobaibena, n'neso-
baibena, n'iawobai-
bona.
O'da n'wajono {or n'wa-
joiiow) nijia, or oda
n'owijiaiw.
(-)'da 'waj onawi wijiaa,
or 6'da wijiaiwi.
O'da wajunawi widob-
soa, or oda widob-
gomiwi.
Kasoak a w 6 s s i s a k
k'wajono ?
N'wajono n g u e d 6 z
awossisak : nisoak
wskinnosisak ta ia-
wak uokskuasisak.
Kasigadema adali
kchiaowit k'-d-awos-
sisem ?
Adali kchiaowit n'-d-
awossisem iigiiedoz
kasonkaw kasigade-
ma.
I am the oldest
I am the youngest.
"Who is the oldest of
you two ?
Who is the oldest of
you three ?
It is I.
How many brothers are
you ?
We are two ])roihors,
three, four l)rothers.
I have no brother.
IIo Jias no brothor.
She has no brother ;
he has no sister.
How many children
have you ?
I have six children :
two boys and four
girls, {liter a/ ft/ : two
little boys and i'our
little girls.)
How old is the oldest
of your children ?
(your oldest child).
The oldest of my chil-
dren is sixteen years
of age.
— 101 —
Kasigadema alo \va
wski alnoba ?
Awodsisoo ask a a pita,
kanwa kwcnakuezo.
Nadawiwi nikuuV)i
pmowzowiiiiiio kwe-
nowzo nguedatgua.
Nmahom nikwobi
iiguodatguat taba iaw
kasigadema.
IIow old may this
younir man bo Y
lie is young yet, but
ho is tall.
It is seldom that a per-
son now lives to the
age of a hundred years
My grandfather is now
a hundred and four
years of age.
(4. On the hour.)
Kasomkipoda ato nek- What oclock may it be
wobi ?
Nguedomkipoda pabo
miwi.
Tab^natta sokhobaii.
nov
It is about one o'clock
The day-break will
I soon appear.
Kisos sokhipozo. JThe sun is rising.
Kizi nOwwat chakuat. It is late (speaking in
the morning).
O'da, askuaxntaspozoo. I No, it is early yet (in
the morning.)
How late may it be (in
the day) ?
It is already noon.
It is just noon now.
T6ni ato kwobkisgad ?
Kizi paskua.
Kwaskuai paskua nik
wobi.
Mqjob kizi paskuat
nisomkipodak.
Pagadosab nguedoz
kasomkipodak spo-
zowiwi.
He started after
twelve o'clock (noon)
He came back at
six o'clock in the
morning.
— 102 —
Kizi iikihla.
Kizi ato kamojitebakad
O'da, asma nodamite-
bakadowi.
Kizi nowitebakad ?
O'da, asm*, nowiteba-
kadowi.
Kizi nikwobi paarai
{or awasiwi) nowite-
bakad.
N'mqjiji kizi nowite-
bakka.
Paiab nahiiuwitebakka.
K'ospozi toki wiga
w6ji\vi i (sing.)
K'ospozi tokiba wiga
wojiwi ? (plur.)
N'ospdzi tokiben^ ma-
jimiwi.
Chowi spozi tokiii ma-
jimiwi.
O'miki, (or omki), nijia,
kizi chakaat.
K'sazigodam ; k'ozomi
sazipkekw^si.
Asma noliwi kas6m-
kipodawi.
Kina papisookuazik,
kizi mdala kasomki-
poda.
It is sun down.
It must be lato in tlio
night.
No, it is not y«*t late
(in the night.)
Is it already midnight ?
No, it is not yet mid-
night.
It is now midnight
past.
I will start after mid-
night
He (she) came at mid-
night.
Do you generally get up
e^rly in the morn-
ing ?
We always get up early
in the morning.
One must always get
up early
Get up, my brother, it
is day light.
You are lazy ; you .
sleep too long.
It is not yet nine
o'clock.
See the clock, it is
already ten o'clock.
— loa
Tlial clock is not going.
I did not wind it up.
()*daani mojowiwi pa-
pisookuazik.
( )'da n'-d-a8pi^uo]>a-
khamowenab.
Tebaikisosogan mojoo -The watoh is going ; it
kizi mdala taba pa-, is now (already) half
basiwi. | past t«'n.
Adoji ndup akuamada- I have such a headache,
ma, odaaba n'kizi ! I can't got up now.
omikiw nikwobi. i
Toni w'toji nkihlon (or At what time does the
nkosan) kisos nikwobi 1 sun sot ?
Nkihla ngueduz taba It sets at hall' past six
pabasiwi.
(o'clock).
Chiga k'mdjiba wigi-j When will you go ho-
akw ? I me ?
Nmojibenaji wigiak l\Ve will go homo at
kwaskuai nonnom
kipodaga.
Tebaikisosogan u {or u
tebaikisosogan) pita
wligou.
Wli tebaikisosogan u.
Toni llowado ?
Llowado nisi n ska taba
nolan moniak.
Kizi u aawakarauk.
N"tebhikisos6gan wzo
mi kezosao.
Nia wzomi mannosao.
five o'clock precisely.
This watch is very fine
(or very irood.)
This is a good watch.
How much did it cost ?
It cost twenty live
dollars.
It is a second hand
watch.
My watch goes too fast.
Mine 0*068 too slow.
— 104 —
Agma wlosao,
Wkiz'onkohlon \v'te-
bhikisosogan.
N'kizonkohlonana
n'iebhibizosoganna.
K'kiz'onkohlonana k'te-
bhikizosoganna.
His keeps the right
time.
He has sold his watch.
"We have sold our
watch, (we, you ex-
cluded.)
We have sold our
watch, (we, t/ou in-
cluded.)
(5. On the ire either.)
Toni llekisgad.
Wlekisffad.
Oda wlekisgadwi.
Majkisgad.
Pita majkisgad, or pita
neskekisgad.
Asokwad ^
Asokwad.
Wli kakasakwad.
Kisosoo.
O'da kisoswiwi.
Posgawaii.
Kzelomsenoso.
Kinlomsen.
Tkelomsen.
Sakpoiomsen.
N'-d-elaldam soglonji
pamekisgak.
Soglonoso askiia.
How is the weather ?
It is fine weather.
It is not fine weather.
It is bad weather.
The weather is very
bad.
Is it cloudy ?
It is cloudy.
It is clear fair weather.
The sun shines.
The sun does not shine.
It is foggy.
It blows a little.
It blows hard, it is stor-
my.
The wind blows cold.
It blows a gale.
1 think it will rain to-
day.
It rains a little yet.
106
Kizi akwloii.
Askua pson.
8ogl6nji miiia pita
nabiwi.
Noli wissebagezi.
Nia achi u' wissebagezi.
O'cla kiuwo k'wissege-
zippa ?
Noli wissebagezibena.
O'da n'wajonemoppena
obagawatahigan.
N'namiho managuon.
Idoza ni agua kadawi
■\vawlekisgad.
O'da majimiwi, wzomi
nongueji askua pe-
padloii kogasogueni-
wi.
Wawamamguat ali pi-
lowelomsek.
K'kinlonamibena walo-
guiga.
Toni aiiakwza kwaiii
padogiiwik ?
N'-d-aib kikonek moja
padogiiwik.
K'nodam nawa kagui
Hi wagaloka padogi ?
Padogi pagessin aiami-
hawigamigok.
O'da awanihi nlilawi ?
The rain is over.
It is snowing yet.
It will rain again very
soon.
I am all wet.
I am wet too.
Are you not wet ? (pi.)
We are all wet.
We have no umbrella.
I see the rain})ow.
They say that it is a
sign of fine weather.
Not always, because it
sometimes rains for
many days after.
One perceives that the
wind is changed.
AVe had a great storm
yesterday in the eve-
ning.
Where were you during
the thunder storm.
I was in the field when
it began to thunder.
Did you hear that the
thunder has done any
damage Y
The thunder-bolt fell
upon the church.
Did it kill any body ?
— 10(5 —
Asma wawalraeguado-
wi.
Pilaskwikouji chowi
nodoguaJ.
Melikafc>kadenji saba.
Kizi nikwobi meliki
keladen.
O'da m6lhidah6mgua-
dowi : kwaskuai nik-
wobi nowi ppon.
N'kwaskuaji pita.
Pidiga, nodawazi.
Neljial obizmo^oowal.
Kamgueiia tkebik.
O'da n'-d-elaidamovve-
nab ali tkebi wligek
weji ni.
Kizi kuinatta msogua-
ta.
Llaguinoguat pitaji
mliki i^pon pamika-
dek.
I*ita tkelomsem pami
kizi paskuak.
It. is not known yet.
The newspapers will
not fail to give an
account of it.
We shall have a hard
frost to-morrow.
It freezes very hard
now.
It is not surprising : we
are in the middle of
winter.
I am very cold.
I Come in and warm
I your self.
My fingers are benum-
bed with cold.
Steep them in cold wa-
ter.
I didn't think that cold
water was good for
that.
The snow is quite deep
already.
It is likely to be sharp
this year.
The wind blows very
cold this afternoon.
— m —
(6. On the lime of the niglU.)
Kizi adoji mojimuk,
kizi kamodloguihla.
Kamoji k'wizaka, asma
noliwi kasomkipo-
dawi.
Noliwi V Kizi noliwi
taba pabasiwi.
Kagui wisakaman ? as-
ma nodamitebakado-
wi.
Wzomiga n'kawi maji-
niwi mdala kasom-
kipodak.
Adoji nadawiwi paioan
k'-d-achoiba p a a m i
sipkabi.
Akuiga kagui llalda,
n'pakaldamikhowab
aliji pagadosaa asma
mdala kasomkipo-
dannokw.
N'-d-eli nkawatzi aliji
saba paami sipkodo-
kaziakw.
Ni weji aiagaji paami
nabi paioana.
N paioji asma p e z-
danuogw.
Adio.
It is time to go, it
■ grows late.
You are in a great
hurry, it is not yet
nine o'clock.
Nine ( o'clock ? ) it is
already half past
nine.
AVhat harries you away
so soon ? it is not
late, (speaking of the
night.)
It is because I usually
go to bed at ten
o'clock.
You come so seldom
that you ought to
stop a little longer.
You '11 excuse me, (/e7 :
be not offended,) I
promised to be at
home before ten
o'clock.
I hope to-morrow we
will be (talking)
longer together.
For that you will have
to come earlier.
I'll be here before dark.
Goodbye.
mm
— 108 —
(7. On arriving at the hotel)
Nidobak, u pita wlilebi
no^uad soghebaiga-
migw.
K'nawadosanana nawa
u?
ridigada.
N'kiziba tosgomenana
u?
Pakalmeguat.
K'wajonem nawa alo-
msagol sigwtagil ?
Kalaato, k'meznembaji
walojowigil al6m-
sagwsisal ta abonal
walikkil u tali.
Lli wlalda k'olitebi pon-
san, wzomi taketa
nonogajibena.
Azo, llosala ugik wdo-
winiioak kchi alom-
sagok, ni k'olitebi
ponsaii nitta.
Lli wlalda k'namitlin
alomsagw toiii acho-
wi tosgoma.
Mali, wdena wasaiiemo-
gan ni k'nqji namit-
lon wa wdowinno
w'-d-al6m'""*om.
N'kiziba m: . ^a alom-
sagw owaik alagw-
tag?
My friends, here is a
respectable looking
inn.
Shall we alight here ?
Let us go in.
Can we stop over night
here ?
Of course.
Have you any spare
rooms ?
Yes, gentlemen, you
will find handsome-
ly-furnished rooms
and good beds here.
Please make a good fire,
for we are benumbed
with cold.
John, show the gentle-
men into the parlour,
and make a good lire
immediately.
Please let me see the
room I am to sleep
in.
Here, Mary, take a can-
dle and show the
gentleman to his
room.
Can I have a room loo-
king into the street ?
— 109 —
(J adali wligek u tali
wigwomek.
K'-d-eli wlaldamenba
k'tokimin nonomki-
podaga sposowiwi ?
Kalaato, odaaba n'wa-
naldamowen.
Sir, here is the best in
the house.
Would you (be so kind
as to) awake me up
it five o'clock in the
morning ?
Yes, Sir i, I will not
forget it.
(8. To embark in a ship.)
Nidoba, k'kiziba Ihin
toni li ao u ktolagw
alosaik Plachmon-
kik y
N'-d-elaldam ao paze-
gwen.
K'kiziba Ihin toni li
mqjoo pamekisgak ?
N'-d-elaldam pamekis-
gak, kanwa waji
pakaldaman, k'-d-
achowiba klolo cap-
tin.
loni ait ?
W '-d-al6msagomek.
Toni aik w'-d-al6msa-
gora, ala w'wigwom?
My friend, can you tell
me if there is a ship
in the harbour going
to France ?
I believe there is one.
Can you tell me if she
sails to-day ?
I believe she will ; but
to make sure, you
must speak to the
captain.
Where is he ?
In his office, (room).
Where is his office, or
his house ?
I. The term " Sir " or " Gentl'^man ", e\j)iv^.sed in Ahoiia-
kis by Wdowinno, which means : man of high class, is always
omitted in this language, when ue address Iho person or
persons themselves
■^ai
--U0 —
The captain lives in the
Main street, No 55,
beyond the post-
office.
He is in his ofTice now.
Grood morning, captain,
when do you expect
to sail ■
I shall go by the lirst
tide to-morrow, if the
wind is favourable.
Why don't you go to-
day by the next tide ?
mittaminatamagak i
AYzomiga w'-d-ain6 ko- 1 It is because I have se-
gaswak pmoweowin- j veral [)ersons (passen-
noak kizi pakalda- 1 gers) to whom I have
mikhogik aliba oda j promised not to sail
Captin ao {or wigo)
kchi owdik, nonnins-
ka taba nolan ala-
gimguak, aw^asiwi
post'office-ek.
Kizi w'-d-ain w'-d-o/AVe-
mek.
Paakuinogwzian, kap-
tin, chiga k'-d-elal-
dam k'mojaaksi.
N'mojiji almitta ntami
tamagak saba, wlite-
belomsega.
Kagui waji oda mqjiw-
waii pcimekisgak al-
mojiwwa nodoiwi
saba ; ta achi oda
maowelomsenwi pa-
meloguik.
Toni llowado alholdi-
muk V
before to-morrow ;
and moreover the
wind is not fair this
evening.
What is the fare for the
passage ^
Nisinska taba nolan mo- ! Twentviive dolhrs and
niak taba pabasiwi. i a half.
N"-d-ilh« gaab ali wibi- I was told it was only
wi mdala. | ten.
Toniji kweni pmakan-
ninana sobagok ?
IIow long shall we ho
at sea i
— Ill —
O'daaba n'kizi idamo- I can't tell exactly,
wen kwaskuai, \vz6- because at the season
mi u akwobigadek the wind is uncer-
kzelomsen oda pakal- tain,
meguadowi.
(9. On the point of leaving.)
Ni nikwobi, nidobak, Now, my friends, we
k'kizi spozipibena ta
odabibena, ni k'-d-a
chowi kistonana toni
k'-d-elkanninana li
(orlli) London.
Ao peg'ua kogasnol
owdial waji ni losa-
muk ?
O'hco, k'kizi sasagosa-
bena ta Hi London
stimbotek, ala k'pika-
gobena Hi Dover ni
niwji alnahlagwow-
dik Hi London.
Nadoderaokada chiga
mqjahla stimbot.
N'-d-ilhega ali mojah-
log kwaskuai nonom-
kipodaga.
ritaui wlitebosao kiu-
na wji ; ni anegi ni-
somkipodak, k'wajo-
nemebenaji kisokw
waji pabomosaakw
ta namitoagw odana.
have had our break-
fast and rested oursel-
ves, we must decide
which way we shaH
go to London.
Are there several ways
of going there ?
Yes, we can go direct
to London by the
steamer, or else cross
to Dover, and thence
to London l)y the
railway.
Let us inquire when
the steamboat starts.
I am told that she lea-
ves at five o'clock
sharp.
That suits us very well;
it is but two o'clock,
we shall have time
to walk (about) and
see the city.
112 —
Kizi iawomkipoda
mjessala nouonkaw,
k'-d-acho\vi petegi-
bena Uaguivvi mami-
litiganek.
It is a quarter to four,
we must turn our
steps towards tlio
whari*.
(10. On board ike deamhoat.)
Ni kizi k'pozinana.
K'nodamen engine alto-
guak ?
O'da ni wibiwi, achi
n'wawamadamen ali
nanamipodak slim-
bot.
Kagui k'-d-el6wzi ?
K'pilwinogwzi.
O'da n'olitebainalsiw ;
n'majilawoji paami
sibkabiona u w^skido-
lagua.
Niga, losada kchi alum-
kagok.
Kizi k'-d-akuamalsi ?
( )'da (or odaagaki) take-
ta, kanwa pita n'ma-
jilawaamalsi.
Niagaki wji, oda kagui
u'-d-iiliogowen so})a-
Now we are on board.
Do you hear the noise
of the engine ?
Not only that, but I also
feel the steamboat
shaking.
What is the matter with
you ? You look pale.
I don't feel very well ;
I shall be sea- sick if
1 remain longer on
deck.
Then, let us go in the
main cabin.
Are you sick already ?
Not exactly, but rather
qualmish.
As lor mo, T am not
subject to sea-sickness.
113 —
Kizi ii'mawiaamalsi. j I feel better now. We
K'kiziji nikwobi ii can remain here now,
oainana, waji vvlitebi
namitoagw wigvvo-
mal tali Dover,
Tabenatta k'nodaguhlo-
bona ; kizi pazobin
nodagakik.
so as to see distinctly
• the houses at Dover.
We shall soon arrive
(land) ; we are in
sight of land.
Kagui w^eji ?
Wzomiga oda n'odoliw
(11. On Trave/lini*' b// water in the Indian country)
Nidoba chiga k'pozi-. Friend, when shall we
bena ? | embark ?
O'da nVawaldomo- ; I don't know ; I will
wen ; odaaba alwa ! probably not be able
n'kizi mojiw pama- to start this week,
lakamuk.
Why?
Because I have no
, canoe.
K'kadawtoli nawa ? | Do you inttnid to make
I a canoe ?
Ohoo, n'olitoji pazeg- 1 Yes, I will make one
wen nabiwi ; kizi I soon ; 1 have the
n'wajonemen mas- 1 bark already,
kua. i
K'wajono koksk kasi ! Have you all the cedar
chowalmoan ? , you a\ ant V
()h66, n'wajono. Yes, I have.
K'nitowtoli, nidoba. , You arc skilful in mak-
I iug canoes, my friend.
Nowatga n'noji tolin. It is a long while since
I have constantly
8
made canoes.
Hi —
Wlilawi iiiaachi puz^g-
w oil, nidoba ; k'olo-
bankolji.
K'olitolji pazegwen.
U k'dol, iiijia ; kmaho-
winameii ?
Kalaaio, iiidoba.
Chowi ato melikigeii.
U k'monim.
AVliwni, nijia, k'olitebi
obaiikawi.
K'pozibenaji Kissanda-
ga. awibega.
N'meskawo nisoak
w.ski aliiobak Avaji
wijawgoagw.
Niowibiak ?
Mgeiiiganak, or nigeui-
gauooak.
O'da atoba paamadowi
k'-d-odolibianaria ?
N'-d-elaldam wligenl)a;
paami kesihlon odoli-
biamiik odaki paiiii-
biamuk.
Niga, kwilawaha odo-
libioganak.
Haw, haw, nidobak !
pozoldinaj ! i)ita
wlawiben.
Make also one for me,
my friend ; I will
pay you well.
I will make you one.
Here is your canoe, my
brother ; do you like
it ?
Certainly, friend.
1 suppose it is strong.
Here is your money.
Thank you, brother,
you i)ay me well.
We will embark Mon-
day, ii' it is calm
I have found t^vo
young fellows to
come with us.
Are they good paddlers?
First rate.
Would it not be better
that we should row ?
I think it would be
good ; we go quicker
by rowing, than by
paddling.
Well, look for the oars.
Halloo, halloo, my
friends ! Let us em-
bark ! It is very calm.
— 115
Kaalatia wlowiben.
Postoclameziwi k'-d-
ahimnawal.
laha, wskinnosisak, me-
liki odolibiagw
Kakaswi kzelomseii ;
wlitebelomsen ; si-
bakhahamoda.
Enni ! kamoji kksak-
sibena
Sam, wlitebokwaa ;
wli nsato senal.
Kakaswi kinlomsen ;
kakaswi achi kino-
tego.
Kaamoji ! k'pozogobe-
na.
Ponagia sibakhigaii.
Pitaji tabena sakpono-
guat ; uodagakik lla-
chowitoda, ala k'ma-
chinabena.
Sibo u ao paaqjiwi ?
Sibos u Bogdahla
pasojiwi ; iiiji ali-
phowaakw.
Ni ilokuaa, Sam.
Ni k'polowanana.
Sakponoguat ! Kina
nebes alinoguak !
It is vory «alm indeod.
Let us embark all our
luggage.
Now, l)oys,row smartly.
Thoro is more and more
wind ; the wind is
fair ; let us sail.
Aha ! we are sailing
very fast.
Sam, steer well ; look
out for the rocks.
It blows harder and
harder ; and the sea
runs higher and
higher.
Ah ! the waves come
in.
Take down the sail.
It will be dreadful ; let
us go towards the
shore, lest we perish.
Is there a river near ?
A small river comes in
near here ; we will
11 V there.
Steer for that place,
Sam.
Now we ^ ^ out of
danger. ""
I A dreadful time ! See,
' how the lake looks !
IIB
Kizillaji k'd-ali sipki
kezodhogonana u.
Sibagtaamoda woobak-
sigamigw u tali,
wskinnosisak, kadi
sogioii ; asokwad.
Kizi soglon.
Fidigado k'-d-ahimna-
waJ.
K'-d-achovvi spozi mo-
jibena, wlekisgaka.
We will perhnps be
long wind-bound
here.
Let us pitch th»' tent
here, boys, it will
rain ; it is cloudy.
It is raining now.
Bring in our Inggage.
We must start early in
morning, if it is line
weather.
12. Usual conversation between two Indians, when
they meet together in their hunting ground.
Kuai ! kuai ! ! paakui-
nogwzian, toni k'-d-
olUwzin ^
N'wowlowzi, kia nawa
toni?
N'wowlowzi nia achi,
wliwni ni.
Toni nawa k'-d-611alme-
gon ?
N'olalmegwga pita j^a-
malokamuk.
N'pitho nisinska tma-
knaL nonnoak
wnegigwak.
K'kelho nawa mosba-
sak?
Halloo ! halloo ! ! I am
glad to see you, how
do you do V
1 am very well, and
you ?
I am very well, thank
you.
What luck have you
had?
I have been very lucky
this week.
I have i'aught twenty
beavers and five
otters.
Did you catch any
minks ?
— 117
N'kelhonguedoz kas6n
kaw.
N'nihlu achi awasos. i
Wikao ? i
Kinigomo |
Kia nawa toni k'-d-clal-
meeon ?
Toiii lligen k-d-aki ?
imakuaika ?
O'da kuina ; kanwa
mozika.
Kaswak nawa mozak
k'nihlo ?
Nisinskd taba nis.
Kamqji, pita ni wligen.
K'pitho ato achi chowi
wakaswak tmakuak.
O'hoo, n'pithu mdala.
Cha nikwobi hli chiga
k'kadi nahilo.
N'-d-elaldam n'nahilqji
kedak almalokamek.
N'wigiba nia achi ki-
zqji ni tqjiwi, waji
nisi nahiloakw.
AVii^idahodamanaga
k'kasi nahilon nia,
k'-d-askawiholji tali
Kwanogamak.
Niga wligen. Chaga
chajabihloda. Adio.
Adio, wii nanawal-
mezi.
I have caught sixteen.
I have also killed a bear.
Was he fat V
Very fat.
And you, what luck
have you had ?
How is your ground ?
is there plenty of bea-
ver Y
Not much ; but thore
is plenty of moose.
How many moose did
you kill ?
Twenty-two.
Well, that's very good.
You must have alsi^
caught few beavers.
Yes, 1 have caught ten.
Now, tell me when you
intend to go down.
I think I shall £»'0 down
sometime next week.
I wish I could get ready
by that time, so as
to go home with you.
If you like to come
down with me, F
will wait for you at
Long Lake.
That's all right. Now
let us part. Good-bye.
Clood-bye, take care of
yourself.
— 118 —
EXAMPLES
SHOWING THE TRANSPOSITION OF WORDS IN THE
ABENAKIS l.ANOUAOE.
Some blue ribbon,
Wal6ivigek sUki, or :
Silki walowigek.
I have s^me ribbon,
N'loajdnem silki, or :
Silki n'wajonem.
Mary has some ribbon,
Mali ivajdnem si/ki, or ;
Silki wajonem Mali,
Mali silki wajonem,
Silki Mali wajonem,
Wajonem silki Mali,
Wajonem Mali silki.
John has a gray hat,
Azd ivajdnem vjibguigek asolkwdn, or :
Asolkwon wibguigek wajonem Az6,
Wibguigek asolkwon Az6 wajonem,
Wajonem Azo wibguigek asolkwon,
Azo wibguigek asolkwon wajonem,
Wibguigek asolkwon wajonem Azo,
Wajonem wibguigek Azo asolkwon,
Asolkwon wibguigek Azo wajonem.
— 119 —
OTHER EXAMPLES
SHOWING THE TRANSPOSITION OF THE AFFIXES
" JI " AND " BA."
I shall go to Montreal Sunday,
N'-d-elosaji MoUan Sandaga. or :
Sandaga;Y Molian n'-d-elosa,
Molian/Y n'-d-elosa Sandaga,
Sandaga; « n'-d-elosa Molian,
Molian/?: Sandaga n'-d-elosa,
N'-d-elosa;'/ Sandaga Molian.
I would go to New-York if I had money,
N' -d'elosaha Neio-York wajdnemdshdna nidm, or :
New-york6« =^ n'-d-elosa wajonemoshoua moni,
Moni^u wajonemoshona n'-d-elosa New- York,
N'-d-elosa6a New-York moni wajonemoshona,
Moniftrt wajonemoshona New- York n'-d-elosa,
Wajonem6sh6na^>a moni n'-d-elosa New- York,
Waj6nem6sh6na&a moni New- York n'-d-elosa.
* As you see, the aflixos Ji and hj, Iho former denoting
tlie future, anrl tlio latter, the condilional, are also traiispose<l.
PART THIRD.
THE PARTS OF SPF-^ECTI
THAT MAY BE CONJUGATED.
I. CONJUGAL (ON OF THE ANIMATK RUHSTAMIVK
(Nmitogwes, father.)
Present. — Siui^idar.
Nraitosrwes. My father.
Kmitogwes.
Wmilogwsa.
Nmitogwscna.
Kmit6gwseua.
Kmitogwsowo.
"Wmitogwsowo.
Nmi tog wsen awak.
KmitogwsoAvok.
Wmitogwsowo.
Thy father.
His (her) father.
Our father, {exclusive.)
Our father, (inclmive.)
Your father.
Their father.
Plural.
Our fathers, (excl. )
Your fathers.
Their fathers.
Ptnl. — Sini:utar.
Nmitogwesega,
Kmitogwsenoga,
Kmitogwsowoga,
My hie father,
Our late father,
Your late lather.
122 —
Nmitogwsenogak,
Kmitogvvsowogak,
WmitogAvso vvoga.
Plural.
Our late fathers,
Your late fathers,
Their late fathers.
Future. — Singular.
Nmitogwesji...
Kmitogwesji...
Wmitogwsaji...
Nmitogwsenaji . . .
Kmitogwsowoji . . .
Wmitogwsowoji . . .
My father will...
Thy father will...
His father will...
Our father will...
Your father will...
Their father will...
Plural.
Nmitogw'senawakji . . .
Kmit6gwsow6kji. . .
VVmitog wsowqji . . .
That is, their fathers respectively.
Co udit ional. — Present.
Mv father woiild...
Our fathers will...
Your fathers will...
Their fathers will...
Nmitogwesba....
Kmitogwesba...
Wmitogwsaba...
Nmi 1 6g wsenaba . . .
Kmitogwsowoba.
Wmitoffwsow^oba. .
Thy father would...
His father would...
Our father would...
Your father would...
Their father would...
Plural.
Our fathers would....
Your fathers would....
Their lathers would...
Nmitogwsenawakba. . .
Kmitogwsowokba. .. .
Wmitogwsowoba . . .
We conjugate likewise nii^-awes, my mother,
nmessis, my sister, etc.. etc.
123
2. CONJUGATION OF THE ANlM\TIi:SUiiSTANTIVE.
(Kaoz, cow.)
Present. — Singular.
N'kaozem.
K'kaozem.
Wkaozema.
N'kaozemua.
K'kaozemwo.
Wkaozemwo.
N'kaozemak.
K'kaozemak.
Wkaozema.
N'kaozemnawak.
K'kaozemnok.
W'kaozem^vo.
Past
N'kaozemga.
N'kaozemnoga.
My cow.
Thy cow.
His cow.
Our cow.
Your cow.
Their cow.
Ptural.
My cows.
Thy cows.
His cows.
Our cows.
Your cows.
Their cows.
Singular.
The cow I had {owned).
The cow we h, {owned).
Plural.
The cows I h. {owned).
The cows we h. {owned)
Future. — Singular.
N'kaozemji onkohlon. | My cow will be sold-
Wkaozemajionkohlona His cow will be sold
N'kaozemnaji onkoh-
N'kaozemgak.
N'kaozem<?ak.
Ion.
Wkaozemwoji onkolo
na.
Our cow will be sold.
Their cow will ]w sold.
— 124 —
N'kaozemakji onkohol-
nak,
Wkaozemaji onkohoh-
lona,
N'kaozemnawakji 6n-
kohlonak,
Wkaozemwoji oukoh-
loiia.
Plural.
My cows will be sold.
His cows will be sold.
Our cows w^ill be sold.
Their cows will bo sold.
Conditional. — Sinscular.
N'kaozemba onkohlon.
Wkaozemaba onkohlo-
na.
N'kaozemnaba onkoh-
lon.
Wkaozomw^oba onkoh-
lon a.
My cow would be sold
His cow would be sold.
Our cow would be sold.
Their row would be
sold.
Plural.
N'kaozemakba onkoh-
lonak.
Wkaozemaba onkoh -
lona.
N'kaozemnawokba on-
kohlonak.
Wkaozemwoba onkoh-
lona.
My cow^s would be
sold.
His cows would bt?
sold.
Our cows would be
sold.
Their cows would be
sold.
^ We oor,ju^^ate likewise n'-d-nasom, my horse,
n'-d'ci ^uem. my ox, f/r., pIc.
125
3. CONJUGATION OK THli: ANIMATD SLI13STANTI VE.
(Alt-rnos, dog.)
N'-d-amis.
K'-d-amis,
W-d-amisa.
N'-d-amisna.
K'-d-amisw6.
W-d-amiswo.
Pre sen t. — Sino-u far.
My dog.
Thy dog.
His dog.
Our dog.
Your dog.
Their dog.
Plural.
N'-d-amisak.
K'-d-amisak.
W-d-amisa.
N'-d-amisnawak.
K'-d-amis\v6k.
AV'-d-amisw6.
My dogs.
Thy dogs.
His dogs.
Our dogs.
Your dogs.
Their dogs.
N'-d-amisga.
N'-d-amisnoga,
N'-d-ainisiiogdk,
W'd-ami3w6ga,
Past.— Singular.
The dog I had.
The dog we had.
Plural.
The dogs we had.
The doers thev had.
ra
Future. — Sius:iilar
N'-d-amisjik'sagamegw My dog will bite i\u\\
W-d-amisaji &€
N'-d-ainisnaji &c.
W-d-amiswoji &c.
His dog will cV.c.
Our dog will \'C.
Their dog will &c.
— 120 —
N'-d-amisakji k'saga-
megok.
AV'-d-amisaji k'sagame
gok.
N'-d-araisnawakji k'sa
gamegok.
W-d-amisw6ji k'saga
megok.
Plural.
My dogs will bite thee.
His dogs will bite thee.
Our dogs will bite thee.
Their doffs will bite
o
thee.
Conditional. — Singular
N'-d-amisba w'sagamo.
W-d-amisaba &rc.
N'-d-amisnaba &c.
W-d-amisw6ba &c.
My dog would bite
him.
His dog would bite
him.
Our dog would bite
him.
Their dog would bite
him.
Plural.
N'-d-ami'sakba w'saga-
mowo.
W-d-amisaba w' saga-
mow 6.
N'-d-amisnawakba
w'sagamowo.
W-d-amiswoba w'sa-
gamowo.
My dogs would bite
them.
His dogs would bite
them.
Our dogs would bite
them.
Their dogs would bite
them.
— 127 —
4. CONJUCrATIONOKTHK INANIMATt; SUBSTANTIVB.
(Paskhigan, gun.)
Present. — Singular.
N'paskhigan.
K'paskhigan.
Wpaskhigan.
N'paskhigaima.
K'paskiganowo.
Wpaskhiganow 6.
N'paskhiganal.
K'paskhiganal.
Wpaskhiganal.
N'paskhigannawal .
K']:»askihiganow6i.
Wpaskhigano\A 61.
My gun.
Thy gun.
His gun.
Our gnu.
Your gun.
Their gun.
Plural.
My gTins.
Thy guns.
His guns.
Our guns.
Your guns.
Their guns.
N'paskhigana.
N'paskhigannawa.
Pas t. — Sin gu lar .
The gun I had (oirned).
The gun we h. {owned).
Plural.
N'paskhiganegal. I The guns I had {owned).
N'paskhigannogal. ! The guns we h. {owned).
Fulu re. — Singular.
N'paskhiganji onkohlon My gun will he sold.
N'paskhigannaji &c. Our gun will be sold.
K'paskhiganowoji &c. Your gun will be sold.
Plural.
N'paskhiganalji onkoh-
lonal.
N'paskhigannawalji&c Our <r\\
Wpaskhiganowolji ^q. i Their g
My guns will be sold.
Our guns will bo sold,
uns will be sold.
128 —
Conditional . — SiniJ^ular.
N'paskhiganba oDkoh-
lon.
N'paskhigannaba &c.
Wpaskhiganowoba &cc.
My gun would he sold
Our gun would be &c.
Thoir gun would bo &(•.
Plural.
N'paskhiganalba on-
kohlonal.
N'paskhigannawalba.
Wpasbhigannawolba
My Li'uns would be
sold.
Our guns would bo c^c.
Their guns would be&c.
THE FOllEaOINCi CONJUOATION,
N'h'aozem, my cow, transforni(^d into possessii^e
verb ; Okaozeminwk, to have a cow.
Indicative Mood.
Present.
\ have a cow
N'okaozemi
'okaozcnio.
N'okao;^emi))cna.
K'okaozemi])a.
'Okaozemoak.
N'okaozemib.
'( )ka/)zemob.
N'okaozemibenob.
K'okaozemibob.
'Okaozemobauik.
He has a cow.
We have a cow.
You have a cow.
They have a cow.
Imperfect.
\ I had a cow.
Ho had a cow.
We had a cow.
You had a cow.
They had a cow.
— 120 —
Future.
T shall liav«^ a cow.
He will liaA^c aco\v.
AV^e shall have a cow.
You will have a cow.
They will have a cow.
Second Future.
N'okaozemijikizi, or, I shall have had a
N'okaozomiji.
'Okaozemoji.
N'okaozemibenaji.
K'okaozemibaji.
'Okaozemoakji.
Kiziji n'okaozomi
'Okaozemoji kizi.
'Okaozemoakji kizi
cow.
He will have h. a cow.
They will have h. acow.
Conditional Mood.
N'okaozemiba.
'Okaozomoba.
N'okaozemibenaba
'Okaozemoakba. .
N'okaozemibba.
'Okaozemobba.
N'okaozemibenobba
'Okaozemobanikba.
Okaozemi.
Okaozemij.
Okaozemida.
Okaozemigw.
Okaozemidij.
9
Present.
I should have a cow.
He would have a cow.
We should have acow.
They would have a cow.
Past.
I should h. had a cow.
He would h. had &:q.
We should h. had i^c.
They would h. had .tc.
Imperative Mood.
I Have a cow.
i Lot him have a cow.
Let us have a cow.
Have a cow.
Let them have a cow.
130
Subjunctive Mood.
Present.
That I may h, a cow.
That h(3 may h. a cow.
That wo may h. a cow.
That you may h. a cow.
That they may h. a cow.
Pas/.
I That I m. h. had a cow.
&c., after the above tense, commoncing by
kizi.
Imperfect-
Nokaozomin.
'Okaozemin.
N'okaozeminana.
Kokaozomino.
'Okaozemiiio.
Kizi n'okaozemiii.
N'okaozeminaza.
'Okaozemin aza.
N'okaozeminanossa.
K'okaozeminossa
'Okaozemincssa.
That I mij.^ht h. a cow.
That he might h. a cow.
That \\'e might h. a cow.
That you m. h. a cow.
Tliat they m. li. a cow.
Piuperfect.
Kizi n'okaozeminaza. j That I might h.h.a cow.
&c., after the Imperfect, commencing l)y kid.
CONJUGATION OF THE ADJECTIVE-VERB
Wdbi^tmuk, to be white.
Indicative Mood.
Present.
N'wobigi.
K'wobigi.
'Wobigo.
I am white.
Thou art white.
He (she) is white.
— 131 —
N'wobigiheiia.
K'wobig-iliona.
K'wubigiha.
'Wobigoak.
N'w6bigib.
K'vvobio-ib.
Wobig-ol).
N'wobig-ibonob.
KVobigibob.
'Wobigobanik.
Wo arc whit(\ (cxrf.)
\yo are white. (///r7.)
You are wbile.
They are white
Imperfect.
I was wliito.
Thon wast wliite.
He was white.
We wore white.
You were white.
They won* white.
Future.
N'wobigiji. I I shall bo ^vhite.
Etc., after the above premit tense, aHixiii<v/V
to the verb. "^ '^ '
Seco7i(i Future.
N'wobigiji kizi, or :
Kiziji n'wokigi, etc.
I shall have been white.
Conditional Mood.
Present.
N'w6bigil)a. I I should be white.
Etc., after the present tense, affixing ba to the
verb. °
Past.
N'w6bigib))a. ( I should li. })eeu white.
I^Etc. after the imperfect tense, allixing ba to
the verb. °
— 132
AVobigi.
Wobigij. '
Wobig'eJ.
Wobigida.
Wobigigw.
Wobigiidij,
Wdbigt'j,
Imperative.
Be white.
Let him be white.
Let it be ichile.
Let lis be white.
Be white.
Let them be white.
Let them be white,
(things.)
Subjunctive Mood.
Present. *
N'wobigin.
Etc., etc.
N'wobiginana.
K'w^obigino.
Wwobigind.
Kizi n'wobigin.
That I may be white.
Etc., etc.
That we maybe white.
That you may be white.
That thev m. be white.
Past.
That I may have beon
white.
Etc., after the immediately preceding tense,
commencing by kizi.
Imperfect.
N'wobiginaza.
Etc., etc.
N'wobiginanossa.
K'wobiginossa.
W'w^obiginossa.
That I might be white.
Etc., etc.
That we might bo
white.
That you might be
white.
That they might be
white.
— 133 —
Pluperfect.
Kizi n'wobig-iuaza. That I might have boon
whito.
Etc., after the imperfect tense, commencing
always by kizi.
NEGATIVE CONJUaATlON
Of the foregoing- possessive verb " okaoze-
mimuk. "
Indicative Mood.
Preffent.
O'da n'okaozemivi\ I have no cow.
'' 'okaozemiwi. He has no cow.
" n'ok'>ozemippena. We have no cow.
" k'okaczemippa. You have no cow.
'okaozomiwiak. They have no cow.
Imperfect.
u
O'da n'okaozemib.
" 'okaozemiwib,
" n'okaozemippe-
nop.
k'okaozemippop.
I had no cow.
He had no cow.
We had no cow.
You had no cow.
'okaozemi w i b a • j They had no cow.
nik
Past delinite.
O'da n'okamiibozemiib. , I had no cow.
okaozemiwi.
" n'okaozemippe-
noop.
Ho had no cow.
Wo had no cow.
— 134
O'da k'okaozemippoop. You had no cow.
They had no cow.
" 'okaozemiwiba-
nik.
Future.
Odaaba n'okaozomiw. ; I shall have no cow.
cScc, as in ihapresenl tense, corarncncing' always
by odaaba.
Second future.
Asmaji n'okaozemiw. j I shall have had no cow
iko,., also as in the pra^mt feme, always com-
mcncint]^ by asmaj'L
Conditional Mood.
Present.
O'daaba n'okaozemiw. 1 1 should have no cow.
&;c., as in the future tense.
Past.
O'daaba n'okaozemib. 1 1 should h. had no cow.
&c., as in the imperfect tense, commencing by
Odaaba.
Imperative Mood.
Akui 'okaozemi.
" 'okaozemij.
" 'okaozeinida.
" 'okaozemikagw.
" 'okaozemiidij.
Have no cow.
Let him have no cow.
Let us have no cow.
Have no cow.
Let them have no cow.
— 135
Subjunctive Mood.
Present.
O'da n'okaozemiwvren.
•' 'okaozemiwwen.
" n'okaozemiwnana.
" k'okaozemiwno.
" 'okaozemiwno.
That I may have no
cow.
That he may have no
Cow.
That we may have no
cow.
That yoii may have no
cow.
That they may have
no cow.
Imperfect.
O'da n'okaozemiwnaza. j That I might have no
cow.
O'da 'okaozemiwnaza
O'da n'okaozemiwna-
nossa.
O'da k'okaozemiw-
nossa.
O'da 'okaozemiwnossa.
That he might have
no cow.
That we might have
no cow.
That you might have
no cow.
That they might have
no cow.
This tense is ured also for the past and the
pluperfect tenses.
186
AFFIRMATIVE CONJUaATION
Of the animate objective verl), vjajdndmuli, to ha^'o.
(Indefinile coiijugation.)
Indicative Mood.
Present.
NVajono ases.
K'wajono &c.
'Wajona. ^
N'Avajonohena \
K'wajonobena \ '
K'wajonoha l^c.
'Waj6nak. ^
N'wajonob kaoz.
K'wajonob S.Q,.
'Waj5nab. ^=
N'wajon ibenob &c. \
K'waj6n6benob &c. \
K'wajouobob ^c.
'Wajonabanik. ^
I hare a horse.
Thou hast kc.
He (she) has s^.o.
We have &:c.
Yon have &c.
They have Scq,.
Imperfect.
I had a cow.
Thou hadst Arc.
He had &c.
We had Arc.
You had ».vc.
They had vfec.
Pfl.s/ definite.
NVajonoob azib.
K'wajonoob.
'Waj6nab. ^
N'vvajonobenoob )
K'\Taj()n6benoob jj
K'waj6n6b66b.
'Wajonabanik. ^
! I had a sheep.
Thou hadst f^o,.
He had .^c.
We had cS^c.
You had .vc.
They had a-c.
* Say: 'VV-ijuna, 'wajt'inuK, a.v^'.v.m ; 'wajdiiah, 'wajunabariik,
i<aoza , , aziba.
— mi —
The paai definite tense is used also for the pasl
indefinite ixnd pfuperffrt tenses.
Future
N'wajonoji alemos.
K'wajonoji Atc.
'Waj6naji ^
N'wajonobenaji )
s. wajonobenaji )
IC'wajonubaji .vc.
Wajonakji. ^
I shall have a dog.
Thou wilt have Szc.
He will have &c.
We shall have.
You will have .vc.
They will have &rc.
Second Future.
N'wajonqji kizi. ^ | I shall have had.
&c., as above, puttiti;^ always kizi after the
verb.
Conditional Mood.
Present.
N'wojonoba asesak.
K'wajonoba kc.
'Wajonaba. ^
N'wajonobenaba ( ^
K'wajonobeuaba j ' ''
K'wajonobaba -ko..
Wajonakba. ^
I should have some hor-
ses.
Thou ^^ ouldst have kc.
He would have cvc.
"We should have ko..
You would have &;c.
They would have &c.
* Say: 'Wajonnji, wajonakji, ^i/t-owiAa; 'wo.iijnaba, waJcV
nakbfi, aiessa.
— 1S8 —
Past.
I should have had some
cows.
Thou wouldst h. had &c.
He would have had &c.
N'wajouobba kaozak.
K'wajonobba etc.
'Wajonabba. ^
N'wajonobenobba / , -nr i, u i. u i ,
K' wajonobenobba 1 '^"= ^^ ^^""'^ ^'^^'^ ^"■'^ ^«
K'wajonobobba &c.
"VVajonabanikba. ^
You w ould h. had &c.
They would h. had cVc.
iMrEllATIVL >l00D.
Wajona.
Wajonoj.
Wajoiioda.
"Wajonof^w.
Wajoiioodij.
Have (f hr-r .)
Let hi in hav ::
Let us have.
Have (ye or you.)
Let them have.
Subjunctive Mood.
Present.
N'wajonon azibak.
K'waj6n«ii &;C.
Wwajonon. ^
N'wajononana )
K'waj6n6naiia ) ^
K'wajonono &c.
Wwajonono. ^
That 1 may have some
sheep.
That thou mayest have
That he may have &c.
That we may have &;c.
That you may have <Scc.
That they may have cvc.
* Here, say : Wajunabba, waj^nahanikha, kaoza.
* Say : W'wajunon. w'wajonuno, aziba.
/
N'wajonouaza.
K'wajononaza.
Wwajoiionaza.
N'wajononanossa.
K'waj6uonanos«a.
K'wajononussa.
Wwajononossa.
— 139 —
Imperfect.
That I might have.
That thou mightst have
That he might have.
That we might have.
That you might have.
That they might have.
Past.
' That I may have had.
Kizi n'wajonoii, or
n'wajonon kizi.
&c., as in the above present tense, putting
always A-f 12/ before the pronoun, or alter the verb.
Pluperfect.
Kizi u'wajononaza or i That 1 might have had.
n'wajononaza kizi. j
&c., as in the above imperfect teme, putting
always kizi before the pronoun, or after the
verb.
AFFIP.MATTYE CON.TUaATION
Ofthe^^;/«/?ia/e objective verb, wajdn6muk,io have.
(Fi^iite Conjugation.)
Indicative Mood.
Present^
I have the horse.
N"waj6u6 ases.
K'wajono &c.
Thou hast &c.
— 140
WVajono =*
N'wajononna j
K'wajononna ( ^^^"^
K'wajoiiowo vSiC.
Wwajonowo =^
He has the horse.
We have &c.
You have ikc.
They have cVc.
Imperfect.
I had the cow.
He had &c.
We had Scc.
You had &rc.
N'wajoiiob kaoz.
W'wajonobani ^
NVajononnob A;c.
K'wajonowob &c.
W'wajonowobani ^ ! They had iic.
This tense is used also for the past definite, the
indefinite and the pluperfect tenseo.
Future.
N'wajonoji. | I shall have,
&:c., after the present iense, aihxing ji to the
verb.
Seco7id Future.
N*Tvaj6n6ji kizi. | I shall have had.
&c., as in the simple future tense, ending by
kizi.
Conditional Mood.
Present.
N'wajonoba alemos.
W'wajonoba f
N'wajon ' vnaba &c.
K'vvajonowoba ^c.
W'wajonowoba t
I should have the dog.
He would have &c.
We should have etc.
You would have &;c.
They would have .vc.
* Here, we say : \V'waJ6n6, w'wajonuwu, asessa; w'wajOno-
bani, w'wajunuwObani, kaoza.
t Wwajunuba, w'wajon(!>vv6ba, alemossa.
— 141 —
Past.
N'\vaj6n61)ba nolka.
Wvvaj6n6banil)a A:c.
N'wajononobba &zc.
K'wajonowabba .vc.
I should have had ih**
deer.
He would have had &:c.
We should have had &:c.
You would have had
W wajonow^obaniba s^. \ They would have had
i &c.
The remaining moods and lenses are to be
conjugated as in the foregoing indefinite conju-
gation.
AFFIRMATIVE CONJUaATION
Of the inanimate objective verb, vmjdndzik
to have.
( hide (in ite con jug a tion . )
Indicativp: Mood
Present.
N'wajouem awighigan
K'wajonem &:c.
'wajonem &c.
N'waionernebena a^o. ) i ^^r i
' I have a book.
Thou hast &c.
He has &c.
vvajonemebeni
K'wajonenieba .to.
'wajonemok kc.
You have :kc.
Thoy have .vc.
142
Imperfert.
N'wajoiiemol) pilaskw. 1 1 had some paper.
K'wajonomob iVc.
'wajonemob &c.
N'wajonemcbenob iVo.
K'wajonemehob &c.
'wajoiiemobanik &c.
Thou hadst cVc.
lie had &c.
AYe had cVc.
You had Arc.
They had &c.
Past definite.
N'wajoiiemoob paks.
K'wajonemoob ka.
'wajonemob cSrc.
N'wajonemebenoob ».vc.
K'wajonemeboob ac.
'wajonemobanik ac.
I had a box.
Thou hadst «fcc.
He had ^c.
We had viic.
You had cVc.
They had a:c.
This tense is also used for the indcfinile past
and the pluperfect tenses.
Future.
N'vvajonemji.
I shall have.
&c., as in the present tense, always affixing' y^'
to the verb.
Second Future.
N'wajonemji kizi. | I shall have had.
&c., as above, ending always by ki':i.
-- 14^3
CONDITIONNAL MoOD.
Present.
N'wajonemba mCml [J should have some mo-
ney.
Thou wouldst have &c.
He would have &rc.
K'wajonemba .vc.
'Wajonemba .ic.
^'wajonemebenaba \c.
K'wajonemobaba vvc. You would have a cT
' Wajonemokba .vc. j They would have <fec.
We should have &c.
Past.
N'wajonemobba raijo-
wog'an.
K'waj6nemob])a .vc.
'Wajonemobba &:c.
N ' wajoneme) )eri obba
K'wajonemcbobba s-c.
I should have had some
provisions.
Thou wouldst have had
<fec.
He would have had
We should have had
You would have had
Wajonemobanikba &c. They would have had
(fee.
Imperative Mood.
Wajona.
Wajonej.
Wajonemoda.
Wajonemogw.
Wajonemoodij.
Have (thou).
Let him have.
Let us have.
Have (ye or you).
Let them have.
— 144 —
Subjunctive Mood
Present.
N'wajonemen. a
Wwajonemen.
N'wajonemenaiia.
K'\vaj6nemen6.
Wwajenoineno.
Imjterfp.cf.
N'wajonemenaza. 6 1 That J miijfht have.
Wwajonemen aza.
N'wajonemenanossa.
K'wajoncmenossa.
Wwajonemenossa.
That T may have.
That he may have.
That we may have.
That you may have.
That thoy may have.
'O'
That he might liave.
That we might have.
That you migt have.
That they might have.
PaH.
Kizi n'wajonemen. c \ That I may have had.
Etc., as in the present, commencing by kizi
PI t( perfect.
Kizi n'wajoiiemenaza. | That I might have had.
Etc., after the imperfect, commencing by kizi.
a. yioTE.- ITivjonanen, Ac. means also : I have it, \r.,
Ik N'wajonemmazi A;c means ecinally : 1 soo (I liud out)
llial I had it, Ac.
c. Kizi nwojunemcn, I h.ivt? it aheady.
— 145 —
AFFIRMATIVE CONJUGATION
Of the inammate objective verb, wajdndzik, to
have.
[Fmite Cohjufration.]
Indicative Mood.
Present.
N'wajonemen
K'wajonemen
W'wajonemen
N'wajonemonaiia
K\vaj6iiemenana
K'wajoiiemeno
Wwajouemeno
NVajonemenab
"U^'wajonemab
N'wajonemenanob
K'wajonemenob
Wwajonemono
I have the book.
Thou hast &;c.
He has &c.
Wo have i\:c.
You have .tc.
They have Scc,
Imperftct-
I 1. 1 the paper.
He had &cc.
We had &c.
You had .tc.
I They had &c.
Future.
^
f>5
en
5!
N'wajonemonji. | j shall have.
Etc., as above after iht^ present tense, affixing-
always 7t to the verb. ^
Second Future.
N'wajonemenji kizi. | I shall or will h. had.
Etc., as in the simple future, ending- by kizi.
10 o J
— 146
N'wajonemenba moni.
K'wajonemenba &c.
Wwajonemenba &c.
N Vajonemenaiiaba &c.
K'wajonemenoba 4ec.
Wwjgonemenoba &c.
N'wajonemenabba pas-
khigan.
K'wajonemenabba &c.
Conditional Mood.
Present.
1 should h. the money.
Tliou wouldst have &c.
He would have &c.
We should have &c.
You vv^ould have &c.
They would have &c.
Past.
I should have had the
Wwajonemenabba &c.
N'waj6nemenan6bba &c
K'wajonemenobba Szc.
Wwajonemenobba &:c.
gun.
Thou wouldst have had
cVC.
He would have had v^e.
We should have had a-c.
You would have had &c
Thoy would have had
&c.
The remaining moods and tenses are to be
conjugated as in the indefinitive conjugation.
NEaATiVE CONJUGATION
Of the indefinite verb, ivai6n6muk, to have.
Indicative Mood.
Present.
1 have no lish.
He has no &c.
O'da n'wajonow namas.
" 'wajonawi ^
'* n'wajonoppena «&c.
We have no ^vc.
* Say ; Ada 'wajonawi namasa.
147
O'da kVajonoppa &c.
'wajonawiak ^
(( ).
O'da 'wajonob nolka
'wajonawib &c.
n'wajonoppenop
&c.
O'da k'wajonoppop &c.
'va.
'wajonawibanik
You Lave no &;c.
They have no &c.
Imperfect.
(I ',
I had no deer.
He had no cVc.
We had no &c.
Yon had no &;c.
They had no kc.
This tense is used also for the paH definite, the
indefinite and the pluperfect tenses.
Future.
I shall have no boaver.
O'daaba n'wajonow
tmakwa.
O'daaba 'wajonawi &c.
O'daaba n'wajouoppena
&c.
O'daaba k'wajonoppa
&c.
O'daaba 'wajonawiak
kC.
He will have no &c.
We shall have no i-c.
You will have no &c.
They will have no &c.
Second Future.
A
n
smaji n w ajonow
ijonaw '
ijonaw
w
'w,
iak.
I shall not have had.
lie will not have had.
They Avill not have had
* Say : Odu '\vaj6nawiak naniasa.
^''
— 148 —
Conditional Mood.
Present.
O'daaba n'wajouob.
(t
'wajonawib.
'wajonawibanik
Asmaba n'wajonow.
Vajonawi.
'wajonawiak.
1(
I should have no.
He would have no
They would have no.
Past.
I should not have had.
He would not have had.
Thev ^vould not have h.
Imperative Mood.
Akui wajona.
wajonokij.
wajonoda.
wajonogw.
wajonoodikij.
Have no.
Let him have no.
Let us have no.
Have no.
Let them have no.
Subjunctive Mood.
Prese?it,
O'da n'wajonowen. | That I may not have,
n'wajonovvnana. ; That we may not have,
k'wajonovvno. I That you may not have.
Imperfect.
( )*da n'wajonownaza. | That I might not have.
" n' wajoncwnanos- That we miffht not have.
sa.
(k
k'wajunownossa.
That you mi«hl not h.
— 140 —
Past.
Asma n'wajonowen. That I may not h. had.
ii'wajonownana: That we may not h. h.
kVaj6n6wn6. \ That yon may not h. h.
Pluperfect.
Asma n'wajonownaza.
n'wajonowna-
nossa.
k'wajonownossa.
u
((
That I might not h. h.
That we might not h. h.
That you might not h.h.
NEaATIVE CONJUGATION
Of the finite verb ivaJdnSmuk, to have.
Indicative Mood.
Present.
O'da n'wajonowi ases.
" k'wajonowi .fee.
" w'wajonowia ^
" n'wajonowinna &c
' ' k'wajonowi w wo ^' c
" wVaj6n6wiww6.=^
I have not the liorse.
Thon hast not &:c.
He has not 6cc.
We h?ve not ii-c
You ] /e not &cc.
They have not <fec.
O'da n'wajonowib
kaoz.
O'da w' wajono wibani ^
Imperfect.
I had not the cow.
He had not &c.
* .Say :— W'^vaj(5n6wia, w'wajunuwhvwO, asessa ;~w'\va
jOm'jwibani kaoza.
150
O'da n'wajoiiowinnob
koaz.
O'da k'wajonowiwwob
&c.
O'da w'wajonewiwwo-
bani. =^
"We had noi the cow
You had not &c.
They had not &c.
This tense is also used for the/;as^ definite^ the
indefi/iite, and the pluperfect tenses.
Future.
O'daaba n'wajonowi. | I shall not have.
&c,, as above in the jtresent tense, always
commencing by 6daaba.
Second Future.
Asmaji n'wajdnowi. | I will not have had.
&c., after the precedinii' tense, commencing
always by asemaji insiead of ddoAiha.
CONDITIONAT. MoOD.
Present-
O'daaba n'wajonowi. I should not have.
((
it
w wajonowia.
n'wajonowinna.
He would not have.
AVe would not have.
You would not have.
w^ wajonowiwo
&c., as in the preserU tense, commencing
always by ddauha.
* Say :- w'wajunfJwOwibani kaoza.
— 161
Past.
O'daaba n'wajonowib.
w'wajonowibani .
n'wajonowmnop
•
I should not have had.
He would not h. had.
We should not h. had.
&:c., as in the imperfect tense, commencing
always by ddaaba.
The remaining moods and tenses arc to be con-
jugated as in the indefinite conjugation.
NEGATIVE CONJIiaATION
Of the indefinite verb, ivaj6n6zik, to havei.
Indicative Mood.
Present.
I have no ink.
O'da n'wajonemo awi-
ghiganebi,
O'da k'vvajonemo etc.
O'da '\ca;j6nemowi &c.
O'da n'wajonemoppena
&c,
O'da k'wajonemoppa
&c.
O'da 'wajonemowiak They have no A:c
&c.
Thou hast no lVc.
He has no &;C.
We have no &c.
You have no dec.
Imperfect.
O'dan'wajonemobmos- I had no handkerchief,
wa.
O'da k'wajonemob &c.
Thou hadst no &c.
152
O'da ' wajonemowib
moswa.
O'da nSvajonemoppe-
nop &c.
O'da k'wajonemoppop
&c.
O'da 'wajonemowiba-
nik &c.
He had no handkov
chief.
"We had no &c.
Yon had no dec.
They had no i-c.
Future.
Odaaba n'wajonemo. | I shall have no.
Etc., after the present tense, commencing' by
ddaaha.
Second Future.
Asmaji n'wajonemo. | I shall not have had.
Etc., alter tJie present tense, commencing
always by asmaji.
Conditional Mood.
Present.
O'daaba n'wajonemo. ] I should have no.
Etc., as in the future tense.
Past.
O'daaba n'wajonemob. | I should not have had.
&c., after the imperfect tense, commencing
always by ddaaha.
153
Imperative Mood
Akui wajoua. Have no
" wajonej.
" wajonemoia.
" wajonemogw.
" wajonemoodij.
Subjunctive Mood
Present.
O'da n' wajonemowen.^
** w'wajoiiemowen.
" n'wajonemowua.
na.
** k'wajonemowno.
• Let him have no.
Let us have no.
Have no.
Let them have no.
w wajonemowno
That I may not have.
That he may not have.
That we may not have.
O'da n'wajoncmow-
naza.
" wVajonemow-
naza.
*' n'wajoneniow-
nanossa
" kVajonemow-
nossa.
" w^'wajonemow-
nossa.
That you may not have.
That they may not h.
Imperfect,
That I might not have.
That he might not
have.
That we might not
have.
That you might not
have.
That they might not
have.
Past.
Asman'waj6nemowen.i|That I may noth. had.
* (Vda n'wejonr.mowen means, al.^o : / iiave it not.
+ Asma n'waj (memo wen, I Imve it not yet.
— 154
Pluperfect.
Asma n'wajouemow- 1 That I might not have
naza.
had.
&c., as above in the imperfect tense, commen-
cing always by asma.
NEGATIVE CONJUaATION
or the finite verb, ivajdndzik, to have.
Indicative Mood.
Pres^ent.
I have not the umbrella.
O'da n'wajonemowen
obagawataigan.
O'da w'wajonemowen
<feC.
O'da n'wajonemowna-
na &c.
O'da k'wajonemowno
&c.
O'da n'wajonemowno
(fee.
Imperfect
O'da n'wajonemowe-
nab obadahon.
O'da w'wajonemowe-
nab &c.
O'da n'wajonemowna-
nop dcc.
O'da kwajonemownop
O'da w'wajonemow-
nop dec.
He has not &c.
We have not &c.
You have not &c.
They have not &c.
I had not the cane.
He had not &c.
We had not &c.
You had not &;c.
They had not &c.
155 —
Future.
O.'daaba n'wajonemo- 1 I shall not have the
wen, sakhiijahon. | ring.
Etc., after the present tense, commencing by
ddaaba.
Second Future.
Asmaji n'wajonemo- I shall not hare had.
wen.
Etc., after the present tense, commencing
always by asmafi.
Conditional Mood.
Present.
O'daaba n'wajonemo-
wen.
I should not have.
Etc., as in the future tense.
Past.
O'daaba n'wajonemo-
wenab.
I shculd not have had.
Etc., after the imperfect tense, commencing by
ddaaba.
The remaining moods and tenses are to be con-
jugated as in the immediately preceding conju-
gation.
— 156
DIJBITATIVE CONJUGATION
Of the animate verb, wajondmuit^ to have
(Literal).
Indicative Mood.
Present.
Perhaps I have a trap.
"VVskebi wajoaok te-
laps. ^
Wskebi wajonoan kc.
*' wajonod. f
" vs'^ajonoak &c.
*' wajonoakw &-c.
wajonoodit. t
«
a
thou hast &c.
he has &c.
we have i^^c.
vou have &c.
they have &c.
Wskebi wajonokza
t6bi. ^
Wskebi wajonoaza ArC.
wajonoza &;C. t
wajonoakza &c
wajonoakwza
&c.
Wskebi wajouoodiza t
Imperfect.
Perhaps I had a bow.
a
u
thou had St &c.
he had etc.
we had &c.
you had »fcc.
they had &c.
This tense is also used for the pa^t indefinite
and the pluperfect tenses.
* Always remember that the personified tilings, being always
treated as if they were animate, go and agree with the ammatc
verbs.
•I- Say : wajOnud, w'aj6n6udit telapsa ; wajunuza, wo.junuu-
diza, iubia.
157 —
Fufure.
Wskebiji wajonok. | Perhaps I will have.
&c., as in the present tense, placing always
inskehiji before the verb.
Second Future.
Wskebiji kizi wajonok | Perhaps I will have h.
&c. after the simple future, putting ws^kehrfi
kizi before the verb.
Conditional Mood.
Present.
Wskebiba wajonok. | Perhaps I would have.
Etc., after the imperfect tense, commencing by
v'skebiba.
Subjunctive Mood.
Present.
Wskebiji wajonoga. Perhaps if I have,
wajonoana.
wajonoda.
((
((
a
u
(;
if thou hast,
if he has.
if we have,
if you have,
if they have.
wajonoaga.
wajonoagua.
waj6n66dida.
Imperfect.
Wskebiba wajonogcs- 1 Perhaps if T had.
hana. i
Wskebiba wajonoasha-i " if thou hadst.
na. I
AYskel>iba wajjonosha- 1 '• if he had.
na.
— 168 —
Wskebiba wajonoages-
hana.
Wskebiba wajonoa-
gueshana.
Wskebiba wajdnoodis-
hana.
Perhaps if we had.
if you had.
if they had.
a
((
DUBITATIVE CONJUaATION.
Of the inanimate verb, wiij6n6zik, to have.
(Literal)
Indicative Mood.
Present.
Wskcbi %Yaj6nomam6ni
u
((
cc
((
wajoneman &c.
wajonek Azc.
wajonemag cvc.
wajon e m a g w
wajonemoodit
SzG.
Perhaps I have some
money.
" thou hast &:c.
" he has &:C.
" we have vfec.
You have c&.
They have &c.
Imperfect ^
Wskebi wajo n e m 6 z a
wizowimoni.
Wskebi wajone m a z a
Wskebi w a j 6 n e k e z a
&c.
Wskebi wajonemakza
OifC.
Perhaps I had some
gold,
thou hadst &^c.
<(
II
((
he had &€.
we had &c.
— 159
Wskebi wajonemakwza
wiz6wim6ni.
Wskebi wajoncmoodiza
This tense is also used for the past indefinile
and plujterfect tenses.
Perhaps you had some
gold.
Perhaps they had .vc.
Future.
Wskebiji wajonema. | Perhaps I will have.
&c., as in the present tense, placing wakebyi
before the verb.
Second Future.
AVskebiji kizi wajonema. Perhaps 1 will have
had.
<Jcc. after the simp/e future, putting wskebi/i
/lizl before the verb.
Conditional Mood.
Present.
Wskebiba wajonema. | Perhaps I would have
Etc., after the present tanse, putting always
wskehiba before the verb.
Past.
Wskebiba wajonemoza | Perhaps I would h. h.
Ftc, after the imperfect tense, oommenciuf'-by
WF 'biba. "^
,■!■!■** WJ.'IJHIH*.-,. (till:
— 160 —
Subjunctive Mood.
F resent
Wskebiba wajonemona.
wajoneinana.
wajonega.
wajonemaga.
wajonemgua
wajonemoo-
dida.
(I
Porhaps if 1 have.
if thou hast,
if he has.
if we have,
if you have,
if they have.
(.1
u
"VVskebiba wajonemos-
hona.
Wskobiba wajonemas-
hana.
Wskebiba wajoneges-
hana.
"Wskebiba wajonema-
geshana.
Wskebiba wajonema-
gueshana.
"Wsbebiba wajoneinoo-
dishana.
Imjierfect.
Perhaps if 1 had.
if thou hadst.
i<
((
((
u
if he had.
if we had.
if you had.
if they had.
Wskebiba kizi Wiijone-
nioshona.
Pliiperfert.
Perhaps if T had had.
c%c., after the imperfect, always placing kizi
between wskebiba and the verb.
161
DUBITATIVE— NEGATIVE
Of the two foregoing dubitative Conjugations
[Literal)
Indicative Mood.
Fresent,
Walrna \v ajonok ases. Perhaps I have no horse.
VValmawajonemaraoni. Perhaps 1 have no mo-
ney.
&c., after the present tense of the dubitative,
always commencing by walma instead of wskebi.
Imperfect.
Walma vvajonokza mi-
guen.
Walma wajonemoza
. pilaskw.
Perhaps 1 had no pen.
Perhaps I had no paper.
&c., after the imperfect of the dubitative, here
too commencing always by icalma.
Future.
Walmaj'" w ajonok tobi.
Walmaji wajonemapa-
kua.
Perhai)S I will have no
bow.
Perhaps I will hav<^ no
arrow.
&c. as in the Present tense, changinu* walma
into ivalmaji.
Conditional Mood.
Present.
"Wahnaba wajonok ! Perhaps I should have
wdahoffan.
no paddle.
Walmaba wajonema Perhaps I should have
no canoe.
wiguaol
iSrc, after thi ind. present of the dubitali
n
ve.
— 162 —
CONJUCrATlON OF THE VEEB,
AitHuk, to be. "^
Indicative Mood.
Present.
I am in the house.
N'-d-ai wigwomek.
K-d-ai etc.
Ao &c.
N'-d-aibena Scc.
K'-d-aiba &:C.
Aaok &c.
Thou art Scc,
He (she) is Arc.
"We are &c.
You are &c.
They are ci-c.
{Negative : 6da n^-d-aiw, 6da «m'«, I am not,
he is not.)
Imperject.
N'-d-aib aiamihawiga- ( T was in the church,
migok.
K'-d-aib &c.
'Aob &c.
N'-d-aibenob ».vc.
K'-d-aibob &rc.
'Aobanik Scc.
Thou wast L^c.
He was &c,
We were &c.
You were .tc.
They were &c.
This tense is also used for the pad definite.
Future.
1 shall or will bo in
Montreal.
Thou wilt be &c.
He will be &c.
We shall be &c.
You will be &c.
N'-d-aiji Molian.
K'-d-aiji »fcc.
'Aoji &c.
N'-d-aibenaji .vc
K'-d-aibaji &c.
'Aoakji &;c.
They will be S:c.
* Note, — 'Yh\s verb is nol an auxiliarij, but a principal
verb, which ilonotos prescncf or t'( sidcnce.
— 163
Secomd Future.
N'-d-aijikizi wigiak... I shall be at home
already.
&.^, after the simple future, putting kizt after
tiie verb.
Conditional Mood.
N'daiba kjnwi.
K'-d-aiba ac.
'Aoba cVc.
N'-d-aibenaba \c.
K'd-aibaba so:,
'Aoakba.
N'-d-aibba odanak.
K'-d-aibba A-c.
'Aobba &c.
N'-d-aibenobba cVc.
K'-d-aibobba ^vc.
'Aobanikba .vc.
Present.
I should be in the woods
Thou wouldst be &c.
He would be drc.
We should be <fec.
You would .vc.
They would be a c.
} I should have been in
I town.
I Thou wouldst h. I), xc.
i He would have b. .vc.
I AVe should have b. .vc.
I You would have b. ac.
iThey would h. I), .vc
IlMPEUATlVE Mood.
Ai.
Aij.
Aida.
AigAv.
Aidij.
Be, stay or remain.
Let him be or remain.
Let us be or remain.
Be or remain.
L(^t them be or remain.
■IF
— 164
Subjunctive Mood
Present.
(Chouuddozo)
N'-d-ain.
K'-d-ain.
AY'-d-aiii.
N'-d-ainana.
K'-d-ain6.
W'-d-aino.
(Chowalddzoba)
N'-d-ainaza.
"VV'-d-ainaza.
N'-'l-ainanossa.
K'-d-ainoissa.
W-d-aiiiossa.
Kizi n"-d-ain.
{Some want)
That I maybe or remain.
That thou mavest be or
remain.
That ho may be or re-
main.
That we may be or
remain.
That you may be or
remain.
That they may be or
remain.
Imperfect.
I (Some > ran ted)
j That I might be or rem.
j Thathemightb or rem.
That we m. be or rem.
That you m. be or rem.
That they m. be or rem.
Past.
That I mav have been
or remamea.
Etc., after the jyresenf^ commencinj^ by kizi.
P/ if perfect.
Ivizi n'-d-ainaza. That I might have been.
or resided.
Etc., after the imperfect, eommencing alv;ays
by kizi.
— 1()5
CONJUGATION- OF THE ANIMATE
OBJECTIVE VERB.
Namihdmitk, to see.
{Indefinite Conjugation.)
■ Indicative ]\[ood.
Fm^sent.
N'narniho mosbas.
K'namiho .s:;c.
'Namiha -^
N'namihobena &c.
K'namilioba iVc.
'Namihak ^
I see a mink.
Thou seest (L-c,
He sees &cc.
We see &c.
You see <tc.
They see cvc.
ImperfecL
N'namihob moskuas.
Iv'uamihob .vc.
'Namihab #
N namihobenob Scc.
K'namihobob .vc.
'Namihabanik ^
I saw a mu.sk rat.
Thou sawost ^c.
He saw Acc.
We saw Arc.
You saw &i\
The saw .'^-c.
Fast definite.
N'namihoob mateguas
K'namihoob &c.
'Namihab ^
N'namihobonoob .^:c.
K'liamihobo >b ikc.
'Namihabanik =^
I saw a hare.
Thou sawest cS^c.
He saw &e.
We saw i.tc.
You saw &rC.
They saw *tec.
* Say : 'namilia, 'namiliak. moslnsa ; 'namihab, 'nainihabi-
nik, moskuisa :—inategun.sa.
166
He has seen &c.
We have seen &;c.
You have seen Acc.
They have seen &cc.
Post Indefinite.
N'kizi namiho awasos. ! I have seen a bear.
'Kizi namiha. ^
N'kizi namihobena &c.
K'kizi namihoba &c.
'Kizi naraihak. ^
Flu]:terfect
N'kizi namihob peziko. ^ had seen a buffalo
K'kizi namihob ^^c.
'Kizi namihab. ^
N'kizi namihobenob &:c
K'kizi namihobob Scc.
'Kizi nainihabanik. ^
Thou hadst seen ^c.
He had seen &c.
"We had seen &c.
You had seen &c.
They had seen fee.
Future,
N'namihoji molsem.
K'liamihoji &c.
'Namihaji. ^
N'namihobenaji ko,.
K'namihobaji cvc.
'Namihakji. ^
I shall or will see
w^olf.
Thou wilt see &c.
He will see cVc.
We shall see &:C.
You will see &:C.
They will see ^-q.
Second Future.
a
N'namihoji kizi wne-
gig\v.
K'namih6ji kizi cVc.
'Namihaji kizi. '^
I shall or will have seen
an otter.
Thou wilt have seen «kc.
He will have seen &c.
N'namihobenaji kizi &c ' We shall have seen .fee.
K'namihobaji kizi .vc. ! You w ill h. seen &c.
'Namihakji kizi. ^ I They wall h. seen &c.
* Say: namilia, — namihak fl!/;aiOsa /—namihab, — namilia-
banik, pciiVroa ; 'namihaji, 'namihakji, molsemo; 'namihaji,—
'namihakji kizi, wnegiijwa-
167 —
Conditional Mood.
Present.
Nnamihoba niagolibo,-' I should see a carribou.
N'liamihoba icQ.
'ISamihaba ^
N'namihobenaba &c.
K'namihobaba &:c.
'Namihakba ^
N'jiamibobba nolka.
K'uamihobba .vc.
Namihabba drc.
N'amihobenobba &c,
K'nainihobobba Arc.
'Naiuiliabanikba cSrc
Naiiiiha.
Namihqj.
Namihoda.
Naraihokw.
Namihodij.
Thou wouldst see &c.
He would see .'^-c.
We should see .^.-c.
You would see &c.
They would see &c.
Past,
: I sliould h. seen a deer.
i Thou wouldst h. sn. &c.
I He would h. seen .vc.
We should h, seen &c.
You would h. seen &c.
They would h. seen k.Q.
Lmpehatiye Mood.
f:»0
k^ee (thou).
Let him see
Let us see.
See (ye or you).
Lf^t them see.
N'namihon.
K'namihon.
W'namihon.
N'namihonana
K'namihono.
W'namihono
Subjunctive Mood.
Presoit.
That I may see.
That thou mayest see.
j That he may see.
I That we may see.
I That you may see.
! That thoy may see.
* s.
■ay : 'namihaba, "namihakba, nm/uliboa.
— 1G8 —
N'namihonaza.
K'namihonaza.
Wuamihonaza.
N'namihonanossa.
K'liamihonossa.
Wnamihonossa.
Imperfei'f.
That I might see.
That thou mightest see.
That he might see.
That we might see.
That you might see.
That they might see.
Past.
Kizi n'namihon, | That I may have seen.
ikc.^ as above, after the present commencing
,by kizi.
Pluperfect.
Kizi n'namihonaza, | That T might have sei^n
&c., after the imperjeci^ commencing by kizi.
CONJUGATION OF THE ANIMATE
OBJECTIVE VERB,
Namihdmuk, to see.
(Fi ni te Co nj ug:atio n .)
Indicative Mood.
Fresent.
N'namiho alnoba.
K'namiho &c.
W'namiho «fcc.
N*namih6nna cvc.
K'namihowo &c.
Wnamihow^o &:C.
I see the indian.
Thou seest &:C.
He sees &c.
We see ^vc.
You see &c.
They see. &c.
mo —
hnperfect.
N'namihob plachm6n. I saw the freiichmau.
K'liamihob kc.
Wnamihobani. ^
N'namihonnob &c.
K'namihowob &cc.
Wnamihovvobani #
ThoLi sawest .vc.
He saw A:c.
We saw &c.
Yon saw ^c.
They saw .^-c.
Pas/ definite.
N^namihoob pastoni. I saw the amorican.
K'namihoob .^c
Wnamihobani ^
N'namihonoob etc.
K'namihowob &c.
W'namihowobani ^
Thou sawest drc.
He saw &:C.
We saw ^'C.
You saw *fec.
They saw .vc.
Past Indefinite.
N'kizinamih6iglism6n. I have seen the english-
man.
Thou hast seen &c.
K'kzi namiho cVc.
VV'kizi namiho ^
N'kizi namihonna &:c.
K'kizi namihowo .irc.
W'kizi namihowo ^
He has seen ^c.
We have seen .Scc.
You have seen .vc
They have seen .".^c.
Pluperfect
N'kizi nemihob ale
mon.
K'kizi namihob &zq.
I had seen the german
Thou liadst seen .s.'C.
* Say : w'ki/i namil! '^.—namihcAvu iglismona.
170
He had soeii the 6iC.
We had seen ScC.
"W'kizi namihol^ani ^
N'kizi namilioiiuobA^c.
K'kizf namihowob «.vrc. | You had seen &c.
"W'kizi naraihowobani^ iThey had seen &:C
Future.
N'namihoji kaptin,
K'namihqji k^-c
Wnamhoji ^ ac.
N'namiho naji &c.
K'namihowqji Sic.
Wnamihowoji
■^.
I shall or will see the
captain.
Thou wilt see «fec.
He will see Arc.
We shall see &c.
Yon will see 6cc.
They will see itc.
Second Future.
N'namihoji kizi noji-
nbizonhowad.
K'namihoji kizi kc.
W'namihoji kizi f
N'namiho naji kizi 6r,c.
K'namihowoji kizi &c.
Wnamihowoji kizi noji-
nbizonhowaliji.
I shall or will have seen
the doctor.
Thou wilt have seen ^c.
He will have seen Src.
"We shall have seen ^c.
You will have seen &zQ.
They will have seen^^c.
* Say : w'kizi nauiihub'uii, namihowuhani, alcmona
w'namihoji, w'namiliowdji, kapUna.
f Wnainihciji kizi noji-nbizonhoivaliji.
Conditional Mood.
Present.
N'namihoba soghe-
bad.
Wnamihoba.^^
N'namihonnaba &c.
K'namiliowoba Scc
W'naraih6w6ba.=^
I should see the inn-
keeper.
He would see &c.
"We should see &c.
You would see kc.
They would see &c.
PasL
N'namihobba notkua-
W'namihobaniba.t
N'namihonnobba &c.
K'namihowobba .vc.
W'namihowobaniba t
I should have seen the
pilot,
lie would h. seen SzC.
We should h. seen A:c.
You would h. seen &c.
They would h. seen &c.
The remaining Moods and tenses are to be
conjugated as in the indefinite conjugation.
* W'namihoha, w'namihowoba, soghehaliji ;
t W'namiliubaniba, w'namiliuwobaiiiha jiolhuiagi.
— m —
CONJUCrATlON.
01 the inanimate objective verb, navUtozik, to see
{Indefunte Conjugation.)
Indicativf. Mood.
Present.
N'namito vs^igwom
'Namito &c.
N'namitobena Acc.
K'namitoba .^.-c.
'Namitoak &c.
I see a house.
He sees iVC.
We see &c.
You see &c.
They see &iv.
Imperfect.
N'naraitob mdawagen
'Namitob Stc.
N'namitobenob <kc
K'namitobob &c.
'Namitobanik iVc .
I saw a flag.
He saw &c.
We saw &c.
You saw &c.
They saw &c.
P</i.7 (leCmite.
N'liamitoob odaiia.
'Namitob dec.
N'namitobeiioob &'C.
K'namitoboob &c.
'Namitobanik &c.
N'kizi namito awighi
gan.
'Kizi namito &c.
N'kizi namitobena&c.
K'kizi namitoba &c.
'Kizi namitoak &c.
I saw a eity, viHage.
He saw &c.
We saw &c.
You saw &c.
They saw &c.
Past —.Indefinite.
I have seen a book,
a deed.
He has seen &^c.
We have seen &;C.
You have seen <fec.
They have seen etc.
173 —
Pluperfect.
N'kizi iiamitob ktolagw
'Kizi namitob.
N'kizi namitobenob.
K'kizi namitobob.
'Kizi namitobanik.
I- had seon a ship.
Ho had seen &c.
We had seen Ac.
Yon liad seon &c.
They had scen&c.
Future.
N'namitoji kebahodwi-
gamigw.
'Namitoji.
N'namitobenaji.
K'namitobaji.
'Namitoakji.
I shall or will see a jail.
He will see ,Scc.
We shall see icc.
Yon will see &c.
They will see dcc.
Second Future.
N'namitoji kizi aiami-
hawigamigw.
'Namitoji kizi.
N'namitobenaji kizi.
K'namitobaji kizi.
'Namitoakji kizi.
I shall have seen a
church.
He will have seen Acc.
We shall have seen &;c.
You will have seen &;c.
They will h. seen &c.
Conditional Mood.
N'namitoba sibo.
'Namitoba.
N'namitobenaba.
K'namito])a1)a.
'Namitoakba.
Present.
1 1 should see a river.
He would see &c.
I We should see &c.
You would see &c.
They would soe etc.
— 174 —
N'namito})ba nebes.
■Namito]>':>a.
N 'namitobeno])l)a.
K'namitolol)ba.
'ISTamitobanikl^fl.
Namito.
Naraitoj.
Namito jr.
Narnitoc^w.
Namitodij.
\ I should h. seen a lake.
He wcrJd have s> &c.
We should h. seen &c.
You would h. seen &c.
They would h. seen &c.
Imperative Mood.
]8ee(thou.)
I Let him see.
Let us see.
See (ye or you.)
Let them see.
SuiiJUNCTIVE M->OD.
Present.
N'namiton.
AV^'namitOU.
N'namitonaup.
K'namitoMo.
Wn ami ton J.
N'namitonaza.
Wnamitcjaza.
N'namitciiaiiossa.
K'namitonossa.
Wn ninitoiKJSsa.
I That may see.
That ho may se^^
That we may see.
That you may see
That they may see.
Imperfect.
1 That I mif>ht see.
I CD
, That he mi"hi, see.
I That we might see.
' That yon might see.
! That they might see.
Past.
Kizi n'namitou. | That I may have seen,
vVc, al'ter the pre<;ent, coramenein«a ))y kizi.
175
Pluptrfert.
Kizi n'aamitonaza. | That I might have seen,
&c., after the imperfect, commencing by kizi.
CONJUOATION OF THE INANIMATE
OBJECTIVE VEUB,
Namil6zik, to 5(ee.
( Finite Con/ fi<rat io n. )
Indicative Mood.
Present.
N'namiton paskhig-an. I see the gun.
N'namitonana Arc.
K'namitono s^c.
Wnamitono &c.
We see &c.
You see .vc.
Thev see &c.
i "We saw c"cc.
Imperfect.
N'namitonab saguolhi- I saw the ramrod
gan.
N'namitonanob d:c. j|
K'liamitonanob Src ]
K'namitonob &c. j You saw .vc.
Wnamiionob \(;. jThey saw .vc.
This tense is also used for the past dejinite.
Past Indefinite.
N'kizi namitor adebo- 1 have seen the riile.
lagw.
N'kizi namitonana &c. We hav(; st^en Acc.
K'kizi namitono cU-. | You have seen &a\
W'kizi namitono .vc. i They have seen .v. .
1Y6
Pluperfecl.
N'kizi namitonab cha- \ J had seen the iisli-hook
wapnigan. j
N'kizi namitonanobi.vc. ' We had seen &c.
K'kizi namitonob <fec. | You had seen Arc.
Wkizi namitonob &cc. They had seen fee.
Future.
N'namitonji chawa-
iiiganaktiam.
N'namitonanaji <fec.
K'namilonqji <kc.
Wnamitonoji xc.
I shall see the fishin*^-
rod.
We shall see &;c.
You will t^ee .tc.
They will see «^c.
Second Future.
N'namitonji kizi cha-
wa pnij^an a tag w
N'namitonanaji kizi ^vc.
K'namitonqji kizi &c.
W'namitonqji kizi &-c.
I shall have seen the
llshing-line.
We shall have seen &;C.
You will have seen &c.
Thev will h. seen &o.
Con di ti< jn al M odd.
Present.
W namitonba aiamiha- . I should see t he church,
w'gamiii'w. |
N'najuitojiaiiaba &c.
K'namiton6))a itc.
W namitonoba AC.
We should see &c.
You would see &tc.
They would hw. dec.
177
k
N'nainitona])})a sah6-
kualiigan.
N'riamitoiianobba .tc.
K'namitoiiobha <itc.
W'namiton61)ba &cc
.1 should havo seon the
belJ.
We sliould have seen
&c.
You would have seen
&c.
They would have seen
&:C.
The remaining- moods and tenses are to be con-
jugated as in (he inde/hiife conjugation.
CONJUGATION OF THE PAS.SITR VERB,
Kaztilmegwzimnh; to be loved.
iNDiCATn'E Mood.
N'kezalniogwzi.
'Kezalmcgwzo.
N'kezalmegwzibena
K^kezalmegwziba.
'Kezalmegvvzoak
Present.
I airi loved.
He is loved.
AVe are loved.
You are loved.
They are loved.
Ininerjert.
N'kezaimegwzib. ; 1 was loved.
.Kezaimegwzob. ' He vnah loved.
N'kezalmi^gvvzibeuob. We Vv'ere loved.
K":ezalmog\vzih6b. i You were loved
'Kezalra(^gvvzobanik. Thev were
\rt\
Thin tense is also u.sed (or th
d.
indeJluUe and iduperfect tenses.
12
e pint de/iuUe,
— 178
<Q —
Future.
N'kezalmegwziji. | T .shall or will be loved.
&:c., after the present tense, atiixing ji to the
verb.
Conditional Mood.
FrescMl.
N'kezalmegwziba | I should bo loved.
&c., after the present tense, affixing ba to the
verb.
F(i%t.
N 'kezalmegwzibbu. I I should have been loved
&c., after the impprfert tense, affixing ba to the
verb.
Imperative Mood.
x*
"Kezalniegwzi.
Kezahnegwzij.
Kezalinegwzida.
Kezalmegwzig^v.
Kezalme^^w^^idii.
Ee (thou) loved.
Let him be loved.
Let us ])e loved.
Be (ye or you) loved.
Let them be loved.
Subjunctive Mood.
Presenl.
N'kezalmegwzin. jThat I may bo loved.
Wkozahaegwzin. j That he may &:C.
N'kezalmegwzinana. jThat we may ^^-(3.
K'kezalmegwzino. | That you may &;C.
Wkezalmegwzino. That thoy may &q.
179
,^ Imperfect'
N^kezalmegwzinaza. . j That i miolit bo loved
VV kozalmegwziiiaza. j That he might .vc.
-N kazaJmegwzinanossa' That we might &-o
Vkezalmegwzi]U)S8a. | That you might .vc
W kezalmegv^'Zl]l6.s.sa. That they might 6cq.
This tense is used also for lli.' iwo n^maining tenses.
KELATIVE CONJUOATION
Of the verb Kazaimdmuk, to love, affirmative
form,
(/.... thee, i)-c.)
Indio.vtiye Mood.
Present t.
I love thee.
K'kezalmeJ.
K'kezalmelbeua.
K'kezalmegw.
K'kezalmegok.
K'kezalmeiba.
K'kezalmebeua.
K'kezalmegwo.
K'kezalmegwok.
K'kezalmelob,
K'kezalmelbenop.
K'kezalmego]).
K'kezaimegobanik
K'kezalmelbop.,
K'kezalmolbenop.
K'kezalm
egwop.
K'kezalmecrwobaiiil
We love thee.
He loves thee.
' They love thee.
I love you.
We love you.
Pie loves you.
•They love you.
Imperfect.
j I loved thee.
We loved thee.
He loved thee.
They loved thee.
I loved you.
'We loved you.
He loved vou.
ny
his
yoi
They loved you
ense i.^ used also for past dejimte, past
indefinite jxml pivperfect tenses.
— 180 -
(Ne}j^alive. — Present)
OVla k'kezalrnelo.
k'kozalmeloppena.
k'kezalmegowi.
k'kezalmegowiak.
k'kezalmeloppa.
k'kezalmeloppena.
O'da k'kezalmegowiw-
w6.
O'da k'kezalmegowiw-
wok.
tt
((
((
I don't love thee.
We don't lov(^ thee.
He does not love thee
They don't love thee.
I don't love yon.
We don't love you.
He does not love you.
They don't love you.
( Imperfect.)
O'da k'kezalmelob. 1 I did not love 3^ou.
&c., after the affirmative form, imperfect tense,
commencing always by dda.
RELATIVE CONJUGATION
Of the verb Kazalm6muk\ to love, j'JTirmative
form.
(Thou... me, ^-c.)
Indicative Mood.
Present. '
Thou loveet me.
You love me.
lie loves me.
Tlipy love rae.
K'kezalmi.
K'kezalmiba.
N'kezalmegw.
N'kezalmegok.
K'kezalmibena.
K'kezalmibena.
N'kezalmesconna
Thuu lovest us
You love us.
He loves us
N'kezalmegonnawak. ! They love us.
181 —
■.^
Imperfect.
K'l'Tezalmib.
K'kezalmibop.
N'kezalraei,^ob.
N'kezalmegobanik.
K'kezalmibenop.
K'kezaimibenop.
N'kezrJmegonnop.
N"' kezalmegonnobanik.
This tense is iised also for past definite, past
indefinite and jduperfect tenses.
Thou lovedst me.
You loved me.
He loved mQ.
They loved me.
Thou lovedest us.
You loved us.
He loved us.
Thev loved us.
{Negative. — Present. )
O'da k'kczalmiw.
k'kezalmippa.
((
t(
n'kezalmegowi.
n'kezalmegowiak.
k'Kezalmipi)ena.
k'kezalmippena,
n'kezalmego w in-
na.
n 'kezalmegowin-
lii' \ak.
I Thou doost n. love me.
I You don't love me.
I He does not love me.
j They don' t love me.
I Thou doest not love us.
You don't love us.
He does not love us.
Thev don'l love us.
Imperfect.
O'da k'k.'zalmib. | Thou didst n love me.
&c , after th«' affirmative form, imperfect tense
com laenci n g a 1 \\ ays by oda .
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coo
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c3 -r
cu ■'■
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tf. o
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• *w •-- C2 • ■■""
r -i -i = <~ «c r s! - ^J
^::; 'X S fl ~ ^ <0 -C <0 O
j^ ':? '3 "n "3 =: > > is I? if
' ^ ^ ^ »^p^ ^ M m^^^m ^^m^ ^^^^ ^^A^ ^mm^ «-^Ab mimA^ ' " • *** ^"4 ^^
Z I; b -i -^ il; ' '. ' /: X /. 7 ^ ^ _2 J:
^-' .- ^ /i <> ^ J^ c z c c o c rt rt Ti "7=
is > 'r «c s N
'^ ^^ ——. ,._ **r *-r
— 101 —
c
if. O
I
— f3 f- H SM
3 N
o
c
o
— -O X!
.3 .2 ^
"= "2 "5
sJ rs r;
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'Si
err*
I
y.
i s =
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j: 5: o >
C C '' c
c
x^ ^ im, ^ ^ ^ f. ^ VP Vi^ Vr-
— im —
73 X X rjj c/3 7: .X r. H H H =-- r- r- ^ r- ?^ r:^ r:^ ?= ?^ i:^
a;
o
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a
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— 104 —
1
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— 105 —
SYNOPTICAL ILLUSTPvATIONS
SHOWING THE XTTMEKuUSMODIFlCATIONtS OF THE
ABENAlvIS VERB.
1. Transitive yero.— iVamih 6 mu/i\ to see, anirnatt',
indefinite conjugation ;
N'uamilio, n'namiho- I see, ^\o sec a beaver.
beiia tmakwa.
'Namiha, namihak lie sees, they see a
tmakwa. beaver, or beavers.
2. Transitive YeTh.—Namikdmuk, to see, animafe,
/inite conjugation :
N'namiho, u'narnihon- I tee, we see tlie In-a-
na tmakwa ; ver ;
AV'namiho, w'namilio- He sees, thpy see the
\\6 tmakwa. ; beaver, or beavers.
3. Transitive verb. — Namitdzi/i, to see, inanimate,
indefinite conju<L:ation ;
N'namito, n'narnitobe- 1 see, we see a bark
na wiguaol ;
'Namito, 'n am i t oa k
wijruaol.
canoe ;
He sees, they nee a
bark c;\noe.
4. Transitive verb. — iV(/M//rij//i-, to see, inanimate,
finite conjugation :
N'uamiton, n'namito- I see, we see the bark
nana wiguaol ; canoe ;
W'namiton, u'namito- , Hh sees, they h«h? the
no wiguaol.
bark canoe.
— 190 —
5. Traiisiiivo verb. — Pazobimu/c, to see, indc-
finite conjugation :
N'pazobi, n'pazubibiMia ; I see, we see lar of! ;
noptiliiwi ;
Tazobo. 'pazo])oak no- IIo sees, they see far
pahnvi. | oil'.
G. Intransitive verb. — Paz^fhimulc, to see. finite
oonjutration :
N'pazobin, n'pazubi-
nana ia nebessek ;
AV'paznhin, \\ 'pazobino
ia nebessek.
1 see. \ve see clenr
down to that lake.
\i<ii sees, thoy see clear
clown to that lake.
7. Passive verb. — NamiiLi,urziniuh\ to \w seen :
N'naniiiLiuezi, n nami- I am .seen, we are seen.
iguezi))ena ;
'Namii<^uezo, 'namii- lie is seen, they are
guezoak. seen.
8 liellertive verb — Namihozimul,-, to see one
self.
N'namihozi n'nnmiho- I see mysell'. we see
zihena ; j ourselves ;
Namihozo. 'navnilio- ' He sees iiimseli', sIk^
'Xr
Z
'.uak,
sees hersell", they see
t hemseh'es.
107
0. Conimunioiitivo \evh.—IV((nii/uH/ihiu/,, l(» m»o
oacli othor :
N'mmuho(/ihena.
'Njuiiihodoak.
Wo so*' oarh othor,
They seo oju."li othyr,
10. Causing verb.*— P^<:^)/>//,//omw/.,ya.,to mako
see, (to rostoro a iieighhour's sight), definite
conjugation :
N'pazohikho, n'pazol)i-
khonna manoclgue-
zit ;
\V'pazol)ik!i6.\N''pazol)i-
khoAvo iiaiiodguozi-
liji.
I make, wo mako tho
blind sot', (vvc restore
tho I'hnd mai)'.s
sigiiU ;
lie maKos. they niuke
tho blindman or
bliiidiijon see.
11. Froquentalivo \Qxh.— Tola^^'ain6muk, va.Jo
strike ropoatrdly, (moditication ol'the Vtrb
tagamomulc, lo strike,) auimate, ^lnit^' conju-
gation :
N'tolagamo. n'tutao-a- j I strike him, we strike
monna, n'tutagamon- him, repeatedly : we
strike, them repea-
tedly ;
He strikes him, they
strike them, repea-
tedly.
nawak ;
Wt otagamo, w'totay\i-
'6'
mowo.
^ The causiiif; verh in'li''ali> llial its ><ulij<.>ct causes «ome
animatfi objoct lo be in a c'MlaiQ ciroum'stance, or to do
somelliitig, V. t'. n Lmvjui, 1 .live , ti'kamnuikho, I make him
(live.
— r.«8 -
12. FroqmMii alive veil). — Tdthu^nddzik. va,, to
strike repeatedly, {modiftraUon of the verb,
lagaddzik, to strike,) inanimate, finite conju-
gation ;
N'totagadamon, n'tota-
o-adameuana ;
Wiotagadamen, w'to-
lagadameno.
I strike it, we strike it.
repeatedly.
He strike's it, they
strike it, repeatedly.
]3. Working varh.* - - Abaznodukfunuk, vn., lo
make baskets, derived Irora the substantive
abdznoda, basket.
N'-d-a))aznodaka. n'-d- , I make baskets, we
abaznodakabena ; ' make baskets ;
'Abaznodaka, abazno lie makes baskets,
dakak. ' they make baskets.
\\ kSlow-perlurming verb. — Miinnalnlaimuh\ vn.,
to work slovvly, (1. modification of the verb
tihkamukj to work) :
N'mannaloka,t)'rnanna- | 1 work, we work,
lokabena ; ! slowly :
N'mnnnawighiga/man- i 1 write, they write,
nawiiihigak. I slowly.
* This kiQiJ of verbs Is call<>.i| sd, J-oraus--! lln-y aluavd in'Ii-
cate Uic doing of a woi'liAhni i'*, of iho substanlivt' from
which It is ilt.-rived, v. (jr. vgem, snow .iho») • n-d-oqcmilia, I
make smow slio»''s ; owdi, road : n'-d-oii'dika, I mak'? a road.
— :(oo —
15. Quick-porlbrming YOYh.—fvataloknmHf,'. vn.
to work speedily (2. modi/inUion of the verl)
aloli'nmuh-, to work) :
N'kezaloka,n kezaloka- j I work, we work, with
hena ; I celerity ;
N'kezawighiga, ii'keza- , He writes, they write,
wighigabena. i last.
IG. Neat workiiiu" verl). — Paba/iaio/tamuk, vu., to
work neatly or care lull y. (3. modifimtion of
the verb alokamuk, to work) :
N'pabakaloka, ii'paba-
kalabena ;
'ra])akalokMk.
I work, we work, care-
fully ;
They work carefully.
17. liough or coarse workiu^- Y('xh.—M(\mdg;ua-
/o/iamu/,% VII., to work roughly, (4. modifi-
cation of the verb uloknmuk, to work) :
N'momogMialoka, u'mo-
mogualokabcnn ;
'Momogualokak.
I make, we make, rough
or coarse work ;
They make coarse work
18. Conjunctive verb.— 1. Nimfokamtik,io work
two together ; -1. /uisa/okamffk. to work
with some others ; :). Mdina/okamuk, to per-
form statute-labour or work many together,
(three other modiJi0»ations of the verb a!o-
kamuk, to work) ;
— 200 —
1. N'nisalckabciianijia.
2. N'kusaloka n'mitog-
wes ia kedagik.
3. N'mowalokabena or
n'lnowalokhedibeua.
I work with my brother,
or, my brother and 1
work tog'ether.
I work with my lather
and some others.
We peribrm statuate-
labour ; we all Avork
together.
19. iu'igniiig A^erb. ^ — Alxuiwiahilxdlzimuti, vii.
to feign to be sick. (IModificatioii of the
verb akuamahimnk, to be sick).
(N'-d-akuamalsi.
N'-d-akuamalsikolzi ;
'Akuamalsikolzoiik.
I am sick.)
I feign to be sick.
They feign to be sick.
20. Reproaching verb. — M^azOmawi^higamKk,
vn., to write too much, (so to hurt oneself
in one way or other.) Modification of the
verb ainghtfrai/itik, to write.
N'ozomawnghiga.n'ozo
mawighigabena.
'Wzomagighigak.
1 write or wrote too
mucli, we write or
wrote too much (so
that our sight is now-
weak.)
They write or wrote
too much.
This means also : they wrote a /ibelhms article.
* As in Uio OJcIiijtwo Grammar, a vcrl) of this kind rej)io.sents
always .ts subject doing somelhing for show only, or by clissi-
mulaiion.
201
21. Abundance ytn-h — Mnsafcnrighdzi/i; va., ma-
mlairiirhi^amuk, vn. to \\Y\iQ much, (modi-
Jlcntion of the vorl», nii'i<rkdzih', va., inani-
mate, and aurighigamuk, vn.. to ^v^ite.
N'mesaiawicham, 1 T write, we write many
n'mesalawighamho- ; letters.
na awighiganal. '
']\Lsalawigham, msal- lie writes, they write
awighamok awighi- ! many IcttiTs.
N'mesalawighiga, j J write much, we write
n'mesala^v ighigabe- \ much.
na ; j
'Msalawighiga 'msala- j lie writes much, they
wighigak.
(N'mesaladiali.
write much.
1 made a good hunt.)
22. Unipersonal-abundanee verb. — This kind of
verbs is formed from animate and inanimate
substantives. No inlinitive.
(Moz, moose ;) mozika. | There is plenty of
I moose.
(Pd/cesso, partridge;)
pakessoika.
(Abazi, tree ;) abazika. There are majiy trees.
{Sala, blue-berry ;) sa- ' There is plenty of blue-
There is plenty of par
I ridges
talk a.
berries.
23. Unipersonal verb. — No infinitive.
Soglon, soglonji.
Tson, psonji.
It rains, it will rain.
It snows, It will snow^
— 202 —
24. Siibsianiivo, verb. — Snn6baimuk, to l)C a
man ; v^o^^moimuk, to be a chiet", derived
respectively from : Saudba, a man, and
SdfcmS, a chief.
N'sanobai, n'sanobai-
bena, sogmoibeiia ;
'Sanobao, sogmoo, sog-
mooak.
(N'namasowi, 'namasoo,
'iiamasooak.
I am a man, we are
men ; we are chiefs ;
He is a man, he is a
chief, they are chiefs.
I am a fish, ho is a
fish, they are fish.)
25. Adjective vor]>. — Wdbigimuk\ to be white,
derived from the adjective irdbi, w hite.
N'wAbigi, wobigo, (w6- ^ I am white,he is white,
bigen).
Wobigoak, ( wobige-
nol).
N'wizowigi, wizowigo,
'wizowigoak.
(it is wliito) ;
I They are while, (
i things).
\ 1 am yellow, he is
i yellow, they are vel-
! low .
2H. Possessive. vcr])s. — Wado^eminiuk, to have
snow shoes, iradolinink, tohaveacanoe.deriv-
od from substantives, in the possessive cast',
n'-d-dfj^em, my snow shoe ; w>/o/, my canoe ;
N'odogerni, Avdogemo, \ I have snow shoes, he
wdogemoak. has snow shoes, they
have snow shoes.
N'odoli, 'wdolo, 'wdo- 1 have a canoe, he has
loak.
a canoe, they have a
canoe or canoes.
NoTK — Those u.o not all the moililicalions which are to bo
observed in the Ahenakis verb.
— 20:^ —
MISCELLANEOUS REMAl^KS
ON NOUNS, ADJECTIVES AND VEUBS.
L REM.\rwK. — Nouns boiiiir either (tnimnfe ov
inanimate, it follows that there also ammnlr and
inanimale adjectives and verbs, which are made
to agree with the noun.s accordiivc-ly ; and these
nouns have therefore their respective lylural
termination, which are ; ak, ik, ok and /.•, for the
animate, and, a/, //, ol, and /, for the iuHnimalc.
See page 12.
2. Eemark.— Grenerally tli<» dimiaulive nouns
are formed by the addition oi" Uirre dilierent
terminations, viz : s, is, and .s/n ;
(1) Ahazi, a tree; ahazh,i\ yomv^ tree; ail'o. a livei-,
S'Vias', M brook (ov a iiarj-ow rivvr).
(2) Ncbcs or nhcR, n hikii \ /<e/>f.s/^', u small lake or
pond; siho^, a l>rook ; f^lhosis, a little hi-ook ; tr!>js, some
moat ; miosis, a Bniall pioco of moal.
(3) Koa. pino-troo; /.o(W>i, a vouii^i; pinc-tror; tfhaz-
nnda, a haskel; aha znoda^s, i\ \\li\o ba.sk('t , .%/;i(>, a
cliiof; sof/mosis, a small or younn; fliiof
Nomis oiKliiii;- ill o(i, nil at, L'Unwi^i} (heir tormlMa-
tion into osul, asid, avL respect ivel\- ; 7ioft)i/w</, u
luiti'lier ; no/^aAo^^V/, a small or youii^r but -her; noj,U„,i
a carpoitor; mjlklin^id a small or yoim^r i'arj)ent('r .
sof/hehat ; an inn keeper; so'jhrfjasif, a small or vomii;-
inn-keopor.
Xodafehit, a rook, makes : noflatrbesH , a small <>r
young- cook; /tO//.}/^?////, a pilot ; /?^*//w;,/^f//)o.s/7. a small
or yount;- pilot.
There is also tho extreme diminutive, whiih is gene-
rally expressed 1)y the annexation of imis ov sonis to
the noun ; as, nehcsimis, a very small j.ond. a bog ;
afHiZHodasimis, a tiny little basket.
— 204
'1 liEMARK. — 'ilw present oi' the uniicalive is
oi'teii used for the /w/ //re ; as : —
y/,irr-o</a Ledak alonctlvluDiiul;, J will remove
next week. (It ought to l>o : n'hirczodnji...)
A't^^'yibcmi iii<ju<(iia^ ^ve will go awuy (^IcdVi) next
spring.
The pasi in also often expressed by \W jiniscni ; as
nnami/io SaJnuni (agirojiut, I have ween Salomon hisi
fall ; rCniJdolniii ihoz sigiiand, we have killed a moose
hint spring. (It ought, to be : n'lizi. n/ihVxna...)
'Id
i,r
I. JvEMARK. — Sho2i/(l and jmuiia are always
expressed by ba alRxed lo tlie verb, (sco coiigu-
gation) ; Imt when should is used ibr ou^ht,
tlien shovid is expressed l>y acliovnbn, the
equivalent of of/jg-///, ]>laced between the pro-
noun ir'd the verb ; as :
JC-d-iC'/iftii-i/jti vuijirn'ni'l luli'tihu/tdmnnnd kidlciitol^sca.'iif^
we sfiould always assHist the poor.
The potential is expressed by l,/.:>h((, phu-ed before
the verb ; as thus : nki:iha mezcnevK'naiut, \sq iiiiglii
have it (get it) ; k'kiztbaobankoird, you might pay him.
5. Kemauk. — Tlie iNterri><;^'tilii'e eonjugation
has been omitted in this book, because any
sentence, be it rt///rwr(///;<? or wpg«///r6;, may become
inlerroiiafive, if only you change the usual
(i/firmaUvc tune into an in terra g'al ice, or, in
writing, end the sentence by the interro^^alion
point (.^) ; as in the following sentences :
l\'-d-a}ri(jham a<ri<jhigan, you write a le'tter ;
Jv-d-airiiiham. mr>ghi(jan t do \'ou write a letter ?
Is' imyd>e)h\ Sitndaija, \\q. will start Siindav ;
Nmojibena ^andatja ? shall we start Sunday ?
O'da k'-d-agakiviziw, you do not study ;
0\la k'-d-agakimziw ? don't 3'ou study ?
ETYMOLOGY
Ol 1M)L\X \AMRS BY AVriJClI AK'K DKSKiV
ATKD ClUrrATX TllinKs, TOWNS
i^IVKl^S^ LAKKS, KTC, KTG.
Before oommeurino. this troatiso, it would
perhaps be well to mention that all these names
either in Abenakis,Cree or other tribal languages
which now designate so many localities, moun.'
Hins rivers, etc., have been so much disfio-ured
by the Whites, who not understanding- these
words, pronounced them in the best way ihov
could and sjxdled them accordmoly, but in
most cases, with such incorrectness that they
have rendered many of them altogether incom-
prehensible, and thereby impossilde to discover
their true signification.
Abenakis, (Abenakis), from: - AVobanaki "
land or country of the East. This name
comes from: wobn,,, daybreak, and, U
earth, land, or rather, oAi, which is a term'
employed in comi^osition ibr, land, ground
region, ima,.,/,^, Abenakis, means also :'
an Indian Irom where the daylight comes.
1 lie /////r. makes : trobcuiakiah-.
20r>
ACHIGAN, probably from : Mdnashigan, (Cree),
or M6nazigan, (Abenakis), a fish that the
French people have named '* achi<3^an ",
and the English, " black bass. "
Alsig6nte<i\v, (Abenakis), is the namo given
to the llivor »St-Francis, by the Indians of
this tribe. It means : river abounding in
shells ; hence the modern name : Ahi'^'6n-
tegvnak.ihi^ Indians of ^t-Francis.
AlnoBai Menahan, (Abenakis), Indian Island,
is an island owned by the Abenakis, situated
ill the River St-Franc is, two miles below the
Indian village. The whi/^H call that island :
" He Ivonde," round island.
Amonoosuc, (Abenakis), from, O'manose/i, the
fishing ground, or better, the small or narrow
fishing river. Some pretend that it comes
from : pafcdnozih, at the walnut-tree, from
pagdnozi, walnut-tree.
Annapolis River ; Tuvmpskak\ flowing out
between rocks.
Aroostook, (Abenakis), from Walmtef^w, shal-
low river, or perhaps, Wlaslegtf\ good river.
AsAWAiiiMoswAN, (Cree), where hunters watch
for the elk.
A'lTAKAPAS, prol)ably from : Adagdbas, rogue,
roguish man. This word is sometimes used
in figurative sense, and then it means :
man-eater.
-207 —
ATTiKAmoDE,., (Cree), for aUik-ameh: white (ish.
vlt r ''/*'""*^"' '''or^-" '"■<• many putrid
«//! ' ''"^ '"■ ^^^"»'P«- Iron. : ;,//,,/„ or
f'^la^, ynlnd ^vater, anfl /,« or ,7,«, an
Abonakis <«///.,; ruarldnir abundance.
makes a boat (or boa(f<.)
01 1 iimkemganilco. a grav.. yard). It was
1 Kely a place where (he Indians, in old
™™f.''>'I'H'ng a hewed tomb upon
a »oa(lo d ni vvh.ch ^vere i.laced the remains
tiemonts, ammunution and dried nreat.
liECA^-corR, .' Wolinakfeftvv,' the riwr ^,■hich
has ong turn., or rather which causes d 1° ■
D> Its windiiio-s. .^
Bkiocil Mottntain, (St-llilaire) ; VVi<rw6ma-
densis su)adiininn(ivo term: mSuXu
.iVoT" .^°•''^',. '"'™' " Wiuwc-mad..-
oSVTT "■''', " J^'' ""■''•' «»'«'i loth- >'ity
ol >St-IIyaemfhe by the Abenakis IndianZ
iJLACK Ifn-ER, Mhniwi Sibu. (black riv^r).
208
Blue Mot:ntains, Yar. Co., N. S., named in
Abenakis Walowadcnik, (hi. mis.), are called
in Micmac : Coofnnejook, the spectres.
Bear Island, (Lake Winnipesaiikee,) Awasoswi
Meuahan. ^
Canada, from, Kuntdn, (Iroquois), a collection ol"
tents or huts.
Canso, (Micmac), camwh\ opposite a high blulF.
Casoumi'EK ; OL^kainkelx, (Micmac), a bold steep
sandy shore.
Cape Mispec : Mashaak, (Abenakis) ; Mespaak,
(Micmac), over-ilowed.
Chicoutimi, (Abenakis), Sa^uifemik, where it is
deex"> by the act of the sea tide ; Sa^uitema,
it is deep by the act of the tide.
Chawinioan, (Abenakis), Azawuiigan, bold-
steep (rooi-like) portage. Some ]>retcnd
that it is derived from thuioan or Sdtran,
(Cree) south, and, onigan, portage.
Con ASSET, pro])ably lor : koasek, the young
pine-tree. Koa, means i)ine-tree. /lorts is the
diminutive, and, koasek, the local term.
CuCoCAriiE, (Abenakis), for, kokokhas, an owl ;
the local term : kokokhasek. This is the
name of a lake on the St Maurice liiver,
about loO mfles above Three Uivm'S, which
is SO called on account of a little mountain,
at tin*. Ea.st-end of the lake, the form of
which, especially the extreme top, r<^sembles
an owl.
— 200 -
C(.>NNE(TicrT, (Abonakis), lor : Kirenilegm (or
Ktrufntuktr), 10112: rivor. The local term,
is ; Kirenitegok.
Cauohnawaga, (Iroquois), lor, kahnau^ake, at
the falls, i'rom : ka, where, ohnaiva, current,
swift current, falls, cascade, and ke^ which
marks: 1° the duality and plurality ; 2^ the
presence of a preposition, vvihch. in many
instances, (in the Indian lanf^uagos,) is
represented by the termination.
CoiloES, probably for : koas^ young pine, or
perhaps koa.<ek, at the young pine-tree.
CooKSAKKK, (Abenakis), from, skok or skog, snake,
and, 'iki, or kiy land : snako land.
CoATicooK, (Abenakis). comes from the local
term : KoaUe^\)k, at ih^ Pine River,
derived from : Koa, pine-tree, tte*^ii\ river,
(in composition only), and the suffix ok
which has the force of either of these
prepositions : a(, (0, of, from, on, in.
Che\al-du-Moixe is designated by the Abenakis
Indians under the name of " Poltegi':, "
which means : Paul's River.
Chamociia, a clown ; a masked man.
Daootah, (Ind.), leagued ; allied, the common
name of the confederate Sioux tribes. (Na-
fioi/al Sl(u/d Dictionarf/, 537.)
Dahlonega, (Ind.), place of gold. {Nal Stand.
Dirtionary.)
14
— 210 —
DamarisCOTTA, (Iiid.) ftlewife place. (iV. Stand.
Diclionnry.)
Devil's Rock ; Muduhdmlonimh-w, (Abenakis),
Muftdoopsroorh/t; ^Micmac), devil's ro<k.
Durham, (L'Avenir,) is called by the Abenakis :
Kwanahomoik ; \vhere the turiiorthe river
makes a long point.
EsQrIMAT^x, a tribe that ihe Abeiiakis name :
As/iimo, plur. a^himook, eaters of raw liesh.
Krie, said to be the name of a fierce tribe exter-
minated by the Iroquois. (National Stand.
Dictiunarif.)
Ehcoumin's, (Cree), from i^koiniu, from /.s7,'o till
there, and min, berry, that is, there are
berries till such a place (Gramm. of the
Okhipwe language, 2'J8 )
Etouemin, (Oohipw e) from lyekomin, from ii/eko,
sand, and min, berry, or sand-berries, so
the Otchipw indians call raspberries.
Ford Ellis, Mudaivaak. (M icmac), Paskategirak,
(Abenakis), where ihe river branches oM'.
The Falls, Cdpsku.\ (M icmac), Panjaklok (A])e-
nakis), a cascade. Pontegtv means equally,
cascade, falls.
The Grand Falls, KcIk Pdnfegw, (Abenakis),
^rand falls ; local term : Kchi POnteguk^ at
the great falls.
French Kiver, Plachmdni SiOo. (Abenakis.)
— 211 —
Fn ]<: ImlaNDS, Nankhl mtuu^xonl, (Micnuu) ;
Noffurnn^nik, (Abontikis) at tho llvo islaiuls ;
(idiomalic : nonnrnugul, tho lire i.shuuls. lit :
nonnotriirf/ vufiuhfmn/).
Fox Island, ]Vo/,tns(si vnna/td,}, (Abouakis). In
local term : Wdkirr^i meNahauok.
GatinkauRiveil ; Mu^/oba/oak, (Abt^nakis), ilu;
riviM' whivh Hows rapidly into aiioihur.
GuAxND Laki:, N. []., Kr.hi nehes, (Abouakis) ;
TiVi(^(tf/i7,\ (Mitiiiac), campirii^ ground.
OllAND Manax ; munin ivS probably from,
mnnaluin, (Abcnakis), island, which, b(un;:»-
coun<>cted with " grand, " makes : " grand
island. "
GriANi) KiVER is, in Abenaki.s, Kchi sibo, (lit.
meaning.)
lllNDSTOXK ]5a\K, L-erddkunuk, (Micmac).
kitaddf^iwapskw, (A])cniikis), whetstone rock.
Haytj, ^Ind.) high land. {Nal. Sinnd. dictiomrif.)
JIeuOxV Island ; (Abenakis), Knskni menahan.
lIou.sAT< )xVlc, (Abenakis), Cor aimiiadenikYh^'yomX
the mountain; over the hill. This is from :
(urasi... hvyond, adeti, mountain or hill (only
ill eomposition), and //,•. one of the AlxMiakis
suilixes which gives the iiaiuo in hx al
term.
Illinols, from //////. (Algonquin), man, and the
French addition ois. ibr tribe or ]>eople, or
rather i'vom Jtiniirokyinvn or ' band ofmeu".
212
1()\VA, the French ibrm of an Indian word,
sigiiiiying' '■ the drowsy '' or " the sleepy
ones '' ; a Sioux name of tlie Pahoja or
"Gray snow tribe," {Nat. Stand. DicMon(iri/.)
Igli>^m6nki, (Abenakis), England, {lit ; English-
man's land. )
iLLoDAKKi, (Abenakis), Ireland, (/// : Irishman's
land.)
I(}lism6n, (Abenakis), Englishman ; English
people. The English militia, makwsnwai,
(lit. ugnijh'af.ion : who wears a red uni-
Ibrm.)
Kaanawacji, the name by which the Abenakis
designate the Indian Reserve of the Iroquois
tribe, known under the name of Caughna-
waga.
Ka.^na\vA(}iiinono, (Abenakis^, the Ironuois
tribe of Caughnawaga.
Kamouraska, probably from, ska. mora^kua (old
Abenakis), ska mot ash tin, (modt-rn expres-
sion), there is some white birch bark, or
perhaps for : there are some white birch
trees.
Kansas, i!)roba])ly from : Ka/wsd^, which means,
willOW^
Katahdin, (Al)enakis), for IVa'kn, the big or
liigh mountain.
Keaiisar(}E, probably from : Kesarzet, (old Abe-
nakis), the proud or selfish.
l*.*^*"
— 213 ~
KeNebec, (Abenakis), for, Kinehek, or Kinebah;
large lake, or again, deep rivei.
KiWAKTiAi 6UK), Cannibal River, a branch ol' the
St-Maurice River." Kiwukm, (Abenakis),
man-eater.
KwANoBAGNAGAK, or Kwan6bagnap;asik, (dimi-
nutive), is the name given by the Abenakis
to a little island owned by them, on the
river St-Francis, known under the name of
" L'lle-a-rAil. " It means : long- narrow
island.
Kenosha, probablv for : Kwenoza, (Abenakis),
pike.
KwENOHASEK, (Abenakis idiom), means : at the
pike river.
Kentucky, likely for, Kwemdaga, it is long.
KoATTEGOK, (Abenakis), local term of koafJes;ir,
pine river. See Coaticook.
Madobai.odenik, an idiomatical expression by
which the Abenakis designate the city of
Three Jlivers, after the former name of the
Kiver St Maurice, which vas : Lt>denoi
sibo. It was so called, because in old times,
when the hunting territories were all
devided among the Indians, this river, from
its mouth up to a certain distance, belonged
to an indian named Lodeno. The expression
maddbalodenik, from : mad6ba**'^ik, which
comes or Hows in, and the interposition of
loden, an abbreviation of Lodeno, means : the
outlet or couiiuence of i\\Q River Lodeno.
— 214 —
Mackinaw, probably from : mikenakv), (Abe-
nakis), a tortoise : also, a spocies of water-
bug.
Macoan Riveh ; Mihh^an, (Micmac), fishing
place.
Madawaska ; malaica^ika, (Otchipwe), wiiddbas-
kika, (Abenakis), the mouth of a river where
there are grass and hay. The local term is
mdddbashikak.
Makuapskasik, (Abenakis), is the name of a short
portage, on the St Francis River, above the
Abenakis vilhige, which means : at the
red rock.
Mampiiremagog, (Abenakis), for, Mamlauj-
bag'ak, signifies ; long and large sheet
of water, from: mamlaw..., a prefix which
denotes largeness or a})undance. bag-a, a
|)articnle denoting water, and, /<•, which
marks that the name is given in local
term.
Maskikowoga.mak, (Abenakis), the lake the
banks ot which are covered with grass or
hay.
Maskuaanagasik, (Abenakis), the diminutive
of iuaskifaanagak : the little birch- trees
island, or simply, the birch island. This is
the name of a little island on the River St
Francis.
Massachusetts, either from : " Massajosets, "
the tribe of the great hill, or, Msajoaek. at
the great hill or region of the groat hills.
— 216 —
MAxVHATTAN, (Abenakis), from : mmahanitan, an
island formed by the current or the tide.
M .nitolinp:, for : manilu w-d-ain, ihi" spirit
(manito) is there, or, manilonie, (half Indian
and Frenrl^, the manito island.
Mantawa or Matawin, (Abenakis), junction of
two rivers.
Merrimack, from the old AJjenakis, Mor(Uemah\
deep river.
MiCHiLiMACKiNAO, (Abenakis), probably from :
msalmikenakiv, there is plenty of turtles.
Milwaukee, (Abenakis), probably for : 7nihvai
ki, fertile or productive land.'
Meciantio, (Abenakis), for : namakdttik, or
rather, nama^wdUik, (old Abenakis), which
means, lake trout place.
MisTASSiNi, the big stone.
Mai^apediao : (Abenakis), maddbajoak, .1 river
flowing roughly into another.
Malpeciue, (Micmac) mdkpdak, said to mean,
big bay.
Mississipi, great or grand river.
MoNADNOOK, according to the Abenakis ortho-
graphy, mdniadenok, or nidnadenok, (ellipti-
cal), signifies : at the silver mountain, from :
mdni, silver, ade^, mountain, and the ter-
mination ok, which has the force of either
of these prepositions : at, to, of, from, on.
— 2ir, —
MlssiSQUtH comes from: Masipskoik, (Abenakis),
where there is Hint,
MooSEHEAD Lake is called in Abenakis : Mozo-
dujii Nebes, which is the literal meaning' oT
the English name. 9
M ANA WAN (Lake), eggs gathering place. In
fact, that lake being the resort of gulls and
loons, the hunters use to gather lots of eggs
around the little islands.
Nashua is said to mean : between (the rivers).
Bettvexn is expressed in Abenakis by :
nsatvi, nsawiwi or nanmvnwi.
NiKATTEGW or Nikontegw, (Abenakis), means:
first branch, or again, the outrunning stream
or river. This is the Indian name of a
channal, at the lower end of the Abenakis
Indian Reserve of St-Francis called by the
French people " Clienal Tardif "
Niagara, probably from, Ohniara, (Iroquois), the
neck (connecting Lake Erie with Lake
Ontario).
NamaowoTTIK, (Abenakis), place abounding in
lake troui. {Sec 31(!g'anli(j,
O'Bamas, a term by whieh the Abenakis Indians
designate the " RiA'iere du Loup " {(m
haut), means : opposite course or winding.
This name has l^een iifiven on account of
the great winding which commences a
little bellow Hunt<^rs town Mills. See plan of
the St -Maurice Territory, published in 1H57.
--217 —
O'bamasls, the diminutive of O'bamas, is the
name given by the Abenakis to the '' Kiver
■V7' _ 1 • 1 11
Yamachiche. "
0'r.6MKAiK is the name by which la " Pointe-
dii-Lac " is designated by the Abenakis, Tt
means : the white sandy* point.
0'nkoj3agaiv, (Abenakis,) hike k^igthened or
extended after a strait.
Oneida, (Ind.), people of the beacon stone
{National Stand. Diclionarij).
Ontaiiio, from Onontee, " a village on a moun-
tain, " the chief seat of the Onondagas,
(N. S. Dictionary).
Oswego, the Onondaga name lor Lake Ontario,
(N. S. Dictionary).
OuiATcnoAN, (Crree), from, vwiriyuljiwati, or
ivayawitjiwan^ currunt coming out.
Ottawa, perhaps from, otonwa, (Iroquois),
beaver's lodge, muskrat's lodge. The
Otchipwe grammar says, however, that it
is an abl>reviation of : ottawakay, his ear, or,
otaimisk, and icalawask, bull-rusli(}s, because
along the river there are a great many of
those bull-rushes, while A. L. Burt's N. S.
Dictionary states tliat it means, traders.
Passumpsic, probably from ; pasdmkasik, (Abe-
nakis), a diminutive term which means :
river which has a clear sandy bottom.
218
PawCATUOK, (Abenakis), shaking river, or per-
haps from, p6ii:wk(itegvj, the shallow river.
Paw^tucket, x>robably i'rc.i, pairtcf^it, (Abena-
kis), who shakes himself, which shakes
itself: a ligurative sense applied sometimes
to falls.
ricHOUX, (ilbenakis), pezo, (Cree), pisivK lynx.
PlTiiiGAN, (Abenakis), the entry, inlet, opening',
of a river or lake.
PiTUiGANiTEdw is the name by which the
Abenakis desii>'nate the Iliver Nicolet.
Pemkiewasset, (Abenakis), comes from : Pami'
jowimk, diminutive of panit/owa!i% which
means, the swift or rapid current ; pamijo-
wasik, the narrow and shallow swift cur-
rent.
Piscataqua, (Ind.), great deer river, (Nat.
Sland. Dictionar//).
Potomac, (Ind.), place of the burning pine,
resembling a council-hre. (N. S. Dictionari/).
Penobscoi^ probably from : pumapsknk. (Abe-
nakis), the rocky place, among the rocks,
or perhaps from : panaj>skak. the steep
rocky place.
Quebec, from the old Abenakis, Kebhek or
Kebek, means : obstructed current ; where
■I IF narrow or shut.
QjTNEKAUii, (Abenakis), for, Kwanbnak, long
pond.
— 210 —
UliMOUSKi, (old Abenakis), Arcnioski, (modern),
Alenios/ii, means, dog's land, from : aremos
or alemos, dog', and, A/, land or (country.
>SA(}AS\YANTKr}W, hall Algonquin and A})enakis,
sa<i:nsira, (Alg.), he is smokijig, and, tcfj^w.
(Al^.), river, given in ligiirative sense, lor :
still river, that is, river whore one has
ample time to smoke.
Haranac (Ind.) is said to moan : river that
Hows under rock.
8ARAT0(tA, (ind.). place of the miraculous water
in a rock. {Nat. Stand. Dictionarf/). The
Abenakis Indians designate tliis place by
nebizonI}i/i\ a local term, which means : al
the mineral s]")ring, or rather, at the physi-
cal water.
Saskatchewan, (Cn^e), sa^kijoan, (Abenakis) :
rapid current.
fc^ciiooDio. probably Irora the old A))enakis,
akudek, at the fire, or, burnt lauds, (from
large iires about IGTo).
Sebago, probablj^ from, sobag'oo, (Ab.^nakis), it
is sea, or, it resembles a sea.
Seneca, (A))enakis), senilia, means ; therti are
many rocks, it is rocky, from : ,S6'//, rock,
stone, and ika, an addition which marks
abundance. (Monf, money ; monfika, there
is plenty oi' money.)
SisiKWAi Menatfan, (Abi'na,kis), rnttlesnake
ishmd.
>d M V ■
SisiQUoi, i^erliaps for, siaikwa, rattlesnake.
Skowhegan, (Abenakis), from skMchigen, or
s/acahigen, it is ])ointecl.
Sa(X) is believed to come from sokSai, (old
Abenakis), which meuiis ; from the South
side ; Southern. Hence the name so/i>ia/,i,
(modern, so/w/d), Southern country ; South-
ern people, or better, Indians i'rom the South.
Saouenay River is called by the Micmars
*' Ktadoosok ", llowing botw^een two high
steep clilfs.
St John, N. B., (Micmac), Menairges, where
they collect the dead seals.
SuNCOOK, (Abenakis), fTomseni/iok, at the rocks.
Tennessee, (Ind.), river of the Big Bend (N. S.
Dictionary.)
Tadoussao, (Cree), from, lotosak plural of f6l6<,
woman's breast^ pap. {Otchip. ^ramm.)
Temiscouata, it is deep every where, from,
timiw, it is deep in tht» water, and, islnnatihn
without end {Otchip. g-ramm.)
IjMBAGod, (Ind.) clear lake, shallow. (iV. S.
Dictionarij.)
Waohusett, (Abenakis) Irom. ujcijo^.n mountain
(of middling height), and the prepcmlive ter-
mination <?/..', which rei)resents the ])repo-
sit ion af : at the mountain.
— 221 —
Wabi^^jitonis, (Och.), from wubiUutm, dimiiiu-
tivo o^ jnahistdn, a marl on.
Washita, (Western Indian langnage), said to
mean : a buck, a male deer.
VVa.ssaijaasteow, (Abenakis) while river ; clear
water stream.
WDAMoaANAspSKOK, (Abonakis), a name by
which is designated a rapid on the b'ivc'r
8t"Francis. which meaihs : atlhe i)ipe rock.
Wdupsek. (Abenakis), an (\\:presj>ion sigiiiryiiig :
a scalping spot, at the crown.
WiGWoM, wigwjlm, a house, a lodge.
WlNNlPECr, unpure or turbid waler, salt water.
WiNNEPESAUKEE or Winnipisiogee (Abenakis),
comes from ; Wiirininehcsaki, lake in the
A*iciaity of which there are other lakes
and ponds, or perhaps better, lake region,
from : iviwnf, abbreviation of iriioniwi,
around, in the vicinity, jiebes, lake, pond,
and, nki, land, rigion, territory.
WiNoosKi, (Abenakis), from //;/«o.s, onion, and. Id,
land : Winmki, onion land.
WawoBADENIk. (Abennkis), White Mountains.
N. H. The " ^fount Washington " is called
in Al)enakis " Kodaakwajo," the hidden
mountain, so called because in cloudy
weather the top of thai, inounhiiii, owing
to its great elavation, is, in fact, ahvays
hidden by the clouds.
ooo
WlsoAssUT is said to mean, at tho yellow pines :
Washita, ("Western Indian language), said to
mean, a l>uck. a male deer.
Wassabaastegw, (Abenalds) Avhite river, clear
water stream.
Wabaskoutiyunk (Luke) is said to mean in
Montagnais : where there is some whitish
i:»rass or ha v.
SIGNIFICATION
OF Tlli-: NAMI«:s Oh^ 'ViiK MONTHS.
January ; Alamikos ;
New.ycar'H greet inu- montli.
February ; Viaddagos ;
lioiiii:hs-sheJduig Jii<>iiUi.
March ; Mozokas ;
Mooso-liuiitiiii;- month.
April ; So(i;alikas ;
SLignr-mukiiin- laojiih.
May ; Kikas ;
Plantiui; niontli.
June ; Nokkahi<ras ;
lloeini^ moiilli.
July ; Temaskikos ;
JLay-raakini;- montli.
August ; Teimzowas ;
Ilai-vcsting month.
Soptomber : Simmonkas ;
Jndian coi-n-reaping nioiiih.
October ; Penihagos ;
J./oai'tulling month.
November ; Mzatanos ;
Jec-fonning montli.
December ; Pebonkus ;
"^Viiiter month.
CONTENTS
1»A0E
rREFACE 5
Tlie Aljjhnbel 7
The Vowels 7
Tho Wplitlioiigs 7
SjilabloH ill j)i<)^rosHivc ^culc 8
WordH and Syllables
Key to liio pronunciation 10
Sound of vowels? 11
Sound of (liplithfjuo-H \o
VAii'i: nnsT
or God's aitTibutoH i;}
Of the lEt'uvens 14
The clemcntH and tilings relalinr-- to tlioni 15
Moteor-j, Bhip«, &c Kj
Tho Bcasons IS
Themonthrj. 18
The days of the Aveek 19
DiviHion of limo 10
Mankind, kindred, kc 20
Functions, liabitSj .U' 23
16
— 226 —
Page
Sickness and descase 24
Parts of the body 24
Wearing apparel 26
Of the table, meals and dishes . 28
Bevera^'-ea 30
Fruits and fruit-trees 31
Forest-trees, flowers, <fec 31
Mecluniical iirts &c .•. 33
Of the sea 34
Domestic animals, wild quadrupeds, birds, furs,
and hkins 35
b'ishos, reptiles and insects., 39
Of tl>o country and the objects met with there. ... 40
Money and coins 41
AVeiichts and mcasuros 42
Corn and rogetables 42
Farming implements, carriages, harness, clc 43
Colours, painting, &c 44
The Cardinal points, kc... 4G
Hunting and fishing outlit, etc 47
Keclesiatitical and secular dignities 49
Games, recreations, etc 49
Names of cities, villages, rivers, counti-ies, nations,
(^tc 51
Names of pevsons which differ with- both, the
i'lnglish and French orl hogra])hy 54
Holidays and festivals 50
Substantives having no singular 57
The personal pronouns 8S
The possessive pronouns 59
— 227--
PART SECOND.
Page
Elements l)ftl)0 Almnukis conversation Gl
Use of the verb wijdndmuk, 2i'<iJ6n6::iJi, to have, in
tlie affinnatlve form C2
A^Jcal)ularv of nouns CJS
Use of Mie verl) icajonouuiJi^ wajonozil\ to lia\e, in
the ncjjatlve form 64
Adjectives— simple and invariable 65
The above Adjectives prolonged by s^dlables repre-
senting the verb to he, and joined to nouns
and vcrhs, kc G(j
Adjectives— contracted and variable ,. (»7
Simple andconti'acted Adject ivos joined to nouns &c GO
Phi'asos i^ the affirmative, negative, and interro-
gative form. 70
Cardi nal numljci's 73
Distrihutive numbers 71;
^rultiplyiug numbers 7'J
Multiply] ng-disti'ibutive numbers 81)
Ordinal numbers marking tbe order an-.i succes-
sion of animate objects and personlfieAl things 82
Oj'dinal numbers marking the order and succession
(){' tilings OY\\y 83
O.-dinal numbers marking the order and succes-
sion of chapters. vcr.Hv->, sections ol' laws, k<: . 81
Fi-actional numbers 81
Multiple numbers 85
Vocabuhiiy of Adverbs 8G
Prepositions 88
Conjunci ions 89
Intorjectioii8 'JO
— 223 —
FAMILIAK rilRASES TO FACaiTATE CONVERSATION
• Paue
1. For questioning, aflfirmiiig, donying, dfC 91
2. To inquire after licaltli 08
3. Of tho ago 09
4. On the hour 101
5. On tlio weather 104
6. On tlio time of the night 107
7. On arriving at the hotel 108
8. To einl)ark in a ship 109
9. On the point of leaving Ill
10. On board tlie steamboat 112
11. On traveling by water in the Indian c<nintrv. 113
12. Usual eonverf^ation between two iri<lians when
thc)' meet together in tlieir hunting ground. 116
Examples showing tho transposition of words
allowed in tho Abenakis language 118
Tho affixes ' Ji' and ' l)a ' transposed 119
TAET THIRD
Tho7>rt/-/s of specrh that may be conjugated 121
Conjugation of the animaie substantive n'mitoijircit,
mv father 121
Con1n<''ation of the (m'niudc substantive kdoz a,
eow 12.J
Conjugation of the ri'u'uiati^ substantive ah'iiws,
adog 125
Conjugation of thr inanninitc substantive jj/iskhi-
(/(()(, a gun 127
Conjugation of the po.ssossivo verb o'kaozem'nnuh,
to have a cow 128
— 229 —
Paqe
Conjugation of thcadjeotivo-verl), icublgiinnk, to be
white 130
Negative conjui^^ation of "tlie possessive verb, ohio-
zemiviuk, to have a cow 183
Indefinite conjugation of the anhnafe objective
verb, u'aJ6ntmuJ:, to liavo 136
Finite conjugation of the animate objective verb,
wajdndmiil-, to have 139
Indefinite conjugation of the inanimate objective
verb, icajondzili, to have Ml
Finite conjugation of the inanimate objective verb,
icajonozik, to have 145
Negative conjugation of the indefinite verb, waj/i-
ndmuk, to have 146
Negative conjugation 01 the finite verb, ivaJdnO-
muk, to have 149
Negative conjugation of the indefinite verb, icajono-
zik, to liavc 151
Negative conjugation of tJie^;i<Ye verb, icajonozik,
to have I54
Dubitativo conjugation of tlic animate verb 15a
Dubitativo conjugation of the inanimate verb 158
Dubitativo-ncgative conjugation of the verb to
have l(jl
Conjugation of the verb aimuk, to be 1G2
Indefinite conjugation of the animate ol)Jectivc
verb nanihOmvk; to nee l()5
Finite conjugation of the animate objective verb
namihomuk, to see 168
Indefinite conjugation of tlic inanimate objective
\ci-b narnitozik, to see 172
Pii^
— 280 —
Page
Finite conjugation of the nCzU x fintie objectivo verb
namit6zik to see 175
The passive verb Jiazalmegwzimuk, to bo loved 177
The relative verb kazalmomuk, (I... thee, &c.)-... 179
The relative verb kozalmOmuk, Thou... me, &c.). 180
List of verbs most frequently met with in the
Abenakis language 182
Synoptical illustrations showing the numorcus
modifications of the Abenakis verb 195
Miscellaneous remarks on Nouns, Adjectives and
Verbs 203
Etymology of Indian names of certain localities,
rivers, lakes, etc., etc 205
Signification of the names of the months 223
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