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 Rrprhltrtl frnni the T']i>('('.\TI(>N.\I, Wv.wv.w {St.. I, ,h,,. \. 11. 
 \>>l. /A,/, p. I '/S-I'tli, .1(1 inmri/, IS'.Hl, 
 
 MATERIALS FOR A HISTORY 
 
 UK THi: 
 
 Province of New Brunswick. 
 
 \\\ \\ . v. (;a\()X<;. 
 
 I. THK HlMLiOCiHAI'll V (tl- \i;\V liKlNSWICK. 
 
 Since of nifikiii-r iiiiuiy Ixioks there is no etid, it has 
 c'oiiio to pass that no on.- can kee|. track of such a 
 niuItitiKJe without the help <.t" h'sts and <-Iassificati()ns of 
 them. HeniM' we have hooks which ai-e lists of hooks, 
 that is l)ihIioirraphies: and if hooks continue to innltipiv, 
 as of coui'sethey will, a science of arian,<rement of k!io\\- 
 l('d,i,'e about theui nuist arise, which perha])s will he 
 called Uihlioloi^y. 
 
 For the existence of pr()i)er hil)lioM;ra))liies T can 
 think of se\-eral reasons, whicli niav he ai'r.-inucl ;,s 
 follows : 
 
 First, there is the hugeness of the nuniher of hooks, 
 or rather of* thinys printed, which makes it impossihie 
 foe atiy hut specialists, and hard even foi' them, to keep 
 iil> with the advance of knowled^,- which thev maik in 
 any suhject, wjn'le he of more lieneial interests is wM- 
 ni;;h helpless. Proper i)ihlio^r,.jiphies, kej.t uj. to date, 
 enal»le all to know what exists upon anv i:i\en toj)ic. 
 
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 S('C(.ii(l. Wlicii t'utmv stiidciils luidrrtakc tlir 
 tli(.rou-li iiivcstiiijitidii of iiiiy topi.-, iIk- lit. Mat tin- will 
 1m" s(. volumiiKais that \vitli..ut l.il.lio,iirai.lii«-s it will he 
 iiraily iiiiiM.ssili!.' to find what ivlat.-s to that sul>.ifct, 
 uM.l h.'iK.- much of valu.' will he l..st to th.'iii, and imu-h 
 alivady in l>rint nniII Ik' .l.»ii.' over a-ain. ltis..ur 
 duty, and will assist in the a.l\ anc'iii.-nt of knowlcd.ijc 
 ill th.' fiituiv, t.> make coinplctc .•oiH.'nii>..iary l.il)lio- 
 
 ^lapliit's. 
 
 Third. Many U.-oks .)f -ivat intt-ivst arc likely to 
 ]„. l(.st si,i,dit of hy tho^.' who would valu." them, uidcss 
 -•ulU'.l to their n.)ti<-.> hy hihlio.UTajihies, I have heai-(l 
 |)e..|)le lam. lit the iwiu.-ity .>f .^ood liteiat ur.- ivlaliii.ii t.> 
 New I'.iunswiek. II. »w many know ev.-n of the .-xist- 
 i.iuv ..f su.-h works as I )ean Safe's l)ook, •■Tli.' Ilisti- 
 l^ouehe," i»v far the most superl. w..rk ever issue.l ahout 
 ;uiy part of the Atlantic Proviiu-es. and |)r()l)ahly about 
 any part .)f Canada. With its el.-ar aii.l .-ntertainin.-j; 
 Knuiish. its valuaM.- ofij^^inal .•liservations on the physio- 
 Mi-aphy, natuial history and ethn.>l.)uy of the |{esti«,'ouche 
 reuion, its splendid illustrations and its suini)tu()us niake- 
 ini in typ.', pa]>er, foiin an<l hindin.U. it i^ a \v(»rk to 
 waiiu the h.'art of all lovers of any kind of hooks. 
 Then theiv is dovern.)!' (iofdon's "Wilderness .Joufneys, " 
 a flas-ie in the liteiat uiv of t he esthetic utilization of 
 ,,ui- n..l)l." rivers, while Dashw.tods " Chiplo<|Uoruan," 
 llard\'s"l''oivst Lif.'in .\cadie." .Vlexand.'i's "L .\cadie," 
 Adams" >' Field and Forest Kamhles," aii<l parts of many 
 
 I 
 
 i 
 
 
3 
 
 "'•"''■' l<^. I'K'vkI,. .hi all..M,.(l|,.,. imuMial alMiiKlaticr 
 
 of -o(m1 inatlcr nv ..iil.jc.r |if,. j,, N,.u I'uiuiswick. 
 'I'liMsc wlioii, ;1„. ,.ailv (lay- of Nrw i Wuiiswick irilnvNt 
 would, if th.-y kiirw ..t it. liiKJ Mr-. I^'axaiis ■• LitV in 
 the |}ack\\(H«|s," an acouiit of cuiiiil i\ lif.- |i|'| v viars 
 a-o, written l.y a cult iiiv,l and ..l.-;rr\ ant Kn,<,disliu ..man 
 most rnti'iiaiiiinu-. wlnl.- Heads '• iM.cest Scties." 
 ;ind many utIhT- whi.-li I cannot c\.-n mcntidii licrv. 
 contain salual.lc and interest inM- materiuK ui.on Nfw 
 Tn'inisw ick histoty. natin-al history. t(.|»(»i,M-a|»liv, etc. 
 Tliere IS no lack of literature al)Mii New I'irunswick. 
 1)111 oidy of ].roj,cr i.il.lio-iai.lnes to make it known 
 to irs. 
 
 ''"""■'I'- I'eiliaps I he most marked n-aliire of [.n-seni 
 educational ].roirress is the tendency to l.rniu students 
 into contact with original sources (.f info-mat ion. so 
 ihat they may deri\i' their knowied^e freshl\- and at 
 '"■~^' hand. The naturalist sends his |mi j,ils dire<-t iv to 
 '""'ii''- and the historian i- eomini:- to send his to the 
 oi-i,u:inal do.-uments upon wjiich our knowled^v is 
 *''"""l"'«l- I' ^^iil I'c a happy day for the schools .,f the 
 .\tiaiilic Proxinces when the narratives <if ('arlicr, 
 <'lianiplain. I )eny~ an. I other e.vph.rers aiv ma.le a.v.s- 
 ^''•'•' f" 'li«'>i' i'l 111.' ori-inal ..r m lii.'ial Iransla.ion. 
 Another (endeticy in higher -du.-ation is the eii.-ourave- 
 ""'"' '»f 'li'' *'oiniiri hensi\r and coiiipa rat i \ .■ st ud , ..f 
 niiml.ers of i).M.k-. which ciilli\ales the hal.it of dfi n-r 
 ami .■orrelalin- .'Mdeiu'.' to thr tormaiion ..f more 
 
,.„,,,,, p..l,.n.nts. ProiuT lMl,lio^nt,.hi.-s show to all 
 svli.M.-oriuinalsoiurcsofinfonnationlie. 
 
 Fifth ' In.H.wav.anso.ooaa l.ir.rs ry. vu-w ot 
 n... nosU.MM.f a country in science, artJiteraturoKc. 
 
 ,„. .;„..,, ,, is ,iven l.y a ,oo,l General l.ihlio^raphy ot 
 ,,.:;vorl<s relating to that country an,l <,t-the w<.rks ot 
 
 th.' authors it has produced. 
 
 ^ixth P.-uple M.av, throu^d. hil.lio-ra,.lnes, come to 
 ,,„;,,,„.. instoric or other value of books they in.ssess, 
 and to make i^ood use ot them. 
 
 Seventh. lUl.lio.M-aphies are ,aiides to tl.e most 
 a.li.httul <.t lu.hhies hook collecting. Ulessed ,s the 
 .nJ.vhoha.hahohhy, who, in his hours of leisure, or 
 ,,,,.., his Ims.ness .goes not veil, can turn for pleasure 
 ,,.,,,. St to sou.e suhject which never palls. As there 
 ..v.nanv men. so there are many hohhies, and .. these 
 ^,,,, .,,.,,;,,s, ,s hook coll.'cti.i^^ in scmie Inmted held, 
 -n,,,; are <harn.s in .nusty hindinj^s, yellow paper, 
 ,s hk,' /-s and !irotes.,ue cuts, in .putint style and m 
 ,„,.,,,;„ „t oneself into other times whme he can 
 'valk .uper.or like a pr-.^het, for l.ein;^ in one age 
 ,,.. ,„ u,,,,s the future. P.ook-collectors often are 
 l,ihHn.,,tphers, and hihliographers generally are col- 
 
 ''^Thus fur the uses of luhliographies ; let us next 
 
 .1.... li.uls there are. TheV fall at once into 
 exannne what uin(i>> hum .u • . • • i 
 
 tNvo sorts ; hrst. the ,l.>seriptive. an.l second the cnticak 
 : Of these naturally the hrst is l,y far the n.ore common. 
 
 f 
 
 
I 
 
 o 
 
 can 
 
 I 
 
 '"J - 
 
 ''■^ 'liiii i> ^illl]lly tu liivf a (|rscii|.t i\ r li^^i ot'wurkx, 
 without attt'iiijitinu to «'stiinal.' tlim \,ilii... IihIci 
 
 <l<-s.Ti|,ti.,n it Hl\fs a!lllioc\ t'ull Iiaiiic. tull litlr kA tiic 
 
 wor'k. |.la(M' uihI dale of |Hil)licalioii. and iiainc of |.ul. 
 lishtT, i:iiiii1m'i- of |.a;;«'.s. si/c. iiiiiiiIm'I' and kind of dliis^ 
 trations. to wincli may Ix- addrd anv intcif-t ini:' or 
 
 iiiipoitaiit facts aluiiit its raiity st. ftc. The ideal of 
 
 sucli a l»il)lioirrajiliy is coMqiL'ti'Mfss. N\liicii may ^o so 
 far- as to include in it not only c\ ••cyt liinu- jirintcd. lait 
 even all known mainiscripts ivlatini;- to that snl»irct. 
 Conspicuous and alto«r('thcr achniral.le mofh'ls of this 
 kind of woik aiv IMIIiiin's HiMioLjraphics of the Indian 
 Lan.^ua•,'(•s, puldishcd l.y the ('. S. Ihiivaii of I']! hiiolo,^cv. 
 all of which aic in the hi,i;-hcst style of hihjio-rapjiical 
 art. and one of which, flie A l,u(»n(|iiian. includes all 
 vvofks i-elatiny lu our own Indians. .\nother himk! 
 (\\ample is( ;a-iioirs--|':ssai de r.ihlioijfai.hicl 'anadieime.' 
 ivcentlx |.uhlis|i(Ml at <,)uel.ec. Ci'itical ltililioLrfaj)|ii(.s 
 aim not oidy to deseiil.e works, hut to estimate their 
 value. They can he made oidy fof sj.ecial ^uhjeets l)\- 
 specialists, who alone are capaWle <tf estimating- tlie 
 value of each work. The ltihlio,<ji-ai)liical notes in 
 AN insoi s '• .\meiica ' and in iJoui'inot's •• Cape jlicion " 
 ai'c conspicuous ('xam|)lt's. 
 
 As to i-an,:;-c and limits, these naturally \arv with the 
 sul)ject, which may lie a countiy. a science, the works of 
 some man, or any particular toj)ic whate\ei-. TJien 
 t hey are of all dei/rees of com]>leteness, from f hose w Inch 
 
I 
 
 ann.ou.-lu.l...s.rvi-l.l.'-'--''M...naM.lM..-t.lownto 
 nH...v.l,,rl.an.unlvl..tsnni..-l.nM.-i,.Hlw..,.l<s.-onsultr.l 
 ,,„,„,. ..,...■ .lu.lv. Of,,.,, il,.',vni.,. ,o inrln.l.- only 
 
 1 k.a„.l,.a,.,rl.l.'.^. .•xrlu.li,,^ a..,H-l.-s ,,, i.-hkIu-hIs 
 
 ,,„.... ,h..^..latt.,' an ,..„rl, 1..SS liUlv .n 1. nv..,-ln..k..l 
 
 „, Ins, A„u,l,.,-o.t Nvill wvUu\. ,.nly ,l.^s.-,.^l.lK•a- 
 ti.,„.uh,.•l n,a,„ u,.i;„„al ,„aUn.. a,ul sn thn.u^l. a 
 
 ,,,„,y nt ,.la,.>: l.ul in all ll:.' i.l<'al is .•on,,.lrt..M>ss 
 
 and ii,,i'ail,ality. • , i 
 
 l..,..in..„uu tVo,„-."„<Tali,i.s KM.u,' ,.a,t> mla, s„l,- 
 ,,,, ,.,. !,av.-tn..xa..,i.,r ul.at Wil.li..i,Tai.hi."s , l,r,v a,v 
 to,- N.Ns l;,■uu^^^H•k. Tl,.-va,v as follows: 
 
 (1) l>i>.l'"tl..- ('ana.l.-„s,s. \W ll<-nry J. M<..7^an. 
 (Ulawi IS'M. A fai.'lv r.M„i.lctr list. ali-haLrtl- 
 ,,,„;. ,;,;,u,^.".l l.va..,ln.,'s. uf wn,-ksnf ('ana.haus 
 frn.;, wl.,.l, ll>OM:..f rarl, i„m i„rr „.,.st 1 .r pM-k.-.l 
 
 ^,, nLui-uuN-v iin.,.svurk Hnuk.. Tlu. S,.J..l.n 
 Snu at iiitfi'vals in 1 SS.). 
 
 (,, ,.,l,l,ou,a,.i....s of wu,ks n.latit.Lr t<. tl,. MoMusca 
 ^'' nd K.-hinud.,,,,ata of N..V h,u,.sw,<.k null.. hns 
 
 .>nhr Natu,'al lUst,.rySorir,ynt N.'W l..an,su,rk, 
 N,,s. (WlssT). 7 (ISSS). 
 J, n,lM,n^,'a,.l,v of tl..- .\l,:o„Muia„ Lan^ua^^rs. By 
 
 ..,,.ls Mir,„ar, Malisr.t. Passa.na.iu... My, Ahnaki, 
 ...ay Ik- foun.l .•o,„i.lclc ,vf..r„c-("s Lu l.il .liogntphy 
 of tl,.' laii-ua-.'s of our Indians. 
 
 tJ) 
 
 ,lt< 
 
 I 
 
 ^ 
 
 hf 
 
.loilM 
 
 (•'») Xfu r.niMswick l'.il»lio-ia|.liy. ihc r,ouk> and 
 Wiitcis ot tin- rn.viticr. \\\ W. C. M.K -Kill-la II. ■, 
 St. .I(.lin. I >''.».•). |{f-|.. iiii, (I timii til.' M..!oliii>'^///.* 
 
 I Ji tn the |.|i's(lil tliiv is tlicolilvaltcilll.t I ( . | .K m liicr 
 
 'I '■"»in|i|cit l.il)li<.-ia|.li\ ot' New I'.i iiiisyuck, .-hkI 
 
 t<tlllis;in rxccllrlll t'olltlilat ioli t'nl |.|()i;r('sx toWMlds 
 
 a liiial satistactory win'k. It i- t'aiclv (■(iiii)ilrtf, 
 l>»it is aiarn-il l)y un-al iiiif\ cniicss of 1 1 cn mt'iit . 
 t.Mi scanty (livsfi iplinn ni works. iiiis|)i'iiits, .itatioii 
 of aimnyiiioii'- unrks uniici' oaiiifs ot' tlicir aiiflmrs 
 wlifii know II. w itliont liiiil thai they w.t,. |Mil.lis|H(| 
 aiioiiyiiiously. and ku-k of it'|M'( it ion or rros- n'\'{-y 
 fliccs in cases .if j, lint aiitliorslij],. h.spitc liicsc 
 
 faults. lioucNci. it IS a \\<lc am I \ ;ilii;i Me wi.ik. 
 
 ('•) r>ii»lio,i;ra|iliy of the M(iiii)crs of t lie l!o\ ,i i >(„-i,.t v 
 of Canada. I'.y Joliii <;. l!oiiiinot. 'I^iaiis. Iloval 
 Society <,f Canada, \"ol. Xll. JMC.. (ndei tjie 
 name, of Hailey. hawson, Kl|s and >kattlieu will 
 I'c f.Mind lists of piihlicatioiis, many of wliicli i elate 
 
 to New jl'imswiek. 
 
 (7) Ivssai de r.il>lioniai>lMe < 'atiadi.nne. j'.v I'liilejis 
 
 CaLinon. V>nedee. I Sih'^i. M,,vt e\ee!|e|lt." Unt \<'1V 
 incollljiiete fo|- New Urilllsu ii-k 
 
 (!<) r.iltlioura|.liy of I'tiUlicatioiis iclalinij: to tlio Natiiuil 
 History of New liruiiswjck from |s<.H) IS!*:.. |5v 
 S. W. Kain. < 'ontaincd in Unlletin No. i.'liftlie 
 Natural I listory Society of New linmswiek. |s<m;. 
 This l»il,|i(,u;,.,ip|,y is t,, 1„. issued heneeforth \earl\- 
 t(»r the eiin-ent year. A most praisew oit li\ inifk'r 
 takinii-, and one which could ad\ antancoiislv Im- 
 imilatcd hv the Historical Societv. 
 
 *S(.lii.';Hl(liti(>iis I., lliis li-t li.iv.' Itrrii ..(rfMf,) to •);,■ St .tolin .S')0( 
 iiiil will prnliiil.iy appfiii- III it limiii'T liu- >-nv\y part of tliis ymr. 
 
Nf IV 
 
 \ll,.f ,|,..s.. l.il.lmumplu.'saP-l.nt a iH-inninu' : -t,.- 
 ;.„„,,..,.. :u..l .tl.v of tl..,>'— Willi.- l.uilMM- 
 
 .,,.,, ...,,..tssvlu.-h ...... l...uu..k...l..ut..l...-l.an.as 
 
 ,',\'^Vn.Kli.al lilr.an.n' .vlati...^ f. tl.- yyn^\urv. 
 
 ;;;;,,,,,,, th. ai<i..f i>o<.i.-s i,Hi..xtoi'..,-,o.iHai 
 
 ,.,) iCl!!tatinnsnni.r^ov..n,,...'nt.in.-lu.lin-l.....'nals 
 
 of tl.r lln.is'' '.f AssfUll.ly, .'tc. 
 
 r.\) rul,rK'ati<'!.s of societies. 
 
 (4) l,slofl-no.l,eals,ml.lishe.li.. Il..'l""vi..-. 
 
 (.-,) List of New r.iUIlsNviek newspapers. 
 (,;) Li.t of maps of the province. 
 (7) List ..f views. eli-ravin.Lfs, etc. 
 
 • 1 ..,>iif lined ill ooverniiu'iit 
 ,^> i;,st of inamiscnpts coiit.iiiiKi .n - 
 
 H.vluvesan.l private .•olle.-tions. 
 Nos .; an.l 7 of this list 1 am myself at w<.rU upon, 
 auai! ih-.- IcommeiHltomyf.'Uowstmlents. 
 
 ■ '■S 
 
 f 
 
 
I 
 
 \f f v 
 
 I 
 
 e. i /-< 
 
 li»'pr'n,t>'>l/r,n,t tin Kr.rrATioNAi. Rkvikw {St. Juki,, .V. />'. ) 
 Vol. X i>i,. Ittf,-lin, Mnrrh, 1SU7. 
 
 f 
 
 MATERIALS FOR A HISTORY 
 
 (IK THB 
 
 Province of New Brunswick. 
 
 By V\ V. Ganono. 
 
 TT. HKLirs OF TIIR FlMNCH PkIUoI. TV NkW liHlNSWICK. 
 
 nV havp tni html 'ufar), rvpr^ncf /<»}■ of/ wihifsuf-H nf 
 histnrif. hr theifnuimntf, ■;>• inanlmatf.. lurn, anhimlx, 
 or Iff mil's. {F. MAiaON OiiAwroRi) in the Centurn SUmuzhiv for 
 July, iwm.) 
 
 In the study nf history there ;ir»- iw. phasos. Thn 
 first jind hi;,dM'r. cultivatj d chiefly l.y ]>r.)fessioiml 
 students, is the itiveHtitration of the ori^'in and evohitiori 
 of institutions and iiioveinents, I, d it studies fait s for 
 the li^^dit tliey throw upon {tririciples. The other, fol 
 lowed hy the anti(|uarian, <renealo;,'ist and ehronicjer of 
 local events, is the study of facts for their own sakes, 
 the deduction of principles hein^' secondary, and its 
 motive is largely that exf.ressed so well in the ahove 
 quotation. The thiiifrs of which T am to speak in this 
 paper are of a purely anti(|uarian sort ; in them.selves 
 they may ])e commonplace enouj^h, hut they haxc 
 witnessed history. 
 
1<^ 
 
 Tlu- Fivneh Period in ^'e^v Brunswick left us a part 
 
 .,f cur population, but otherwise produee.l no effect 
 
 upon th.' institutions, character or lan-ua-e of our peo- 
 
 ,,1.. ( ,„,. Kn^^lish, New l^n^dan.l an<l Loyalist ancestors 
 
 ilid not absorb nor nm.^^le with the French, but fou.^ht 
 
 ,,,1 harried then. ;ana tlu. .les...ulants of that people 
 
 to-.lav are politically but not socially a part ot us. 
 
 4',,, K,,.„..h Period is therefore rather of interest tor its 
 
 ,,i,turcsciueness than of inn-ortanc. for any inlluencc ,t 
 
 l.ashad upon us or our aiVairs. The charm ot tins 
 
 j,,,i,„l is tinHy expressed for us by Parknum n. these 
 
 woT'ds: — 
 
 The hard and practical features of En-lish coloni/ation 
 ..,.„> tufn.wn down every excursion of fancy as piti- 
 lesslv as v-uritanisn, itself did in its day. A feudal 
 Zirtx, on the other hand, with its contrasted h.uhts 
 ',u,d Shadows, its rivalries and passions is the natura 
 ;U,,„, of romance : and when to lord and vassal is joined 
 a dominant hierarchy with its patient martyrs an<l its 
 spiritual despots, side by si.le with sava,^.' chiefs and 
 ; arriors jostlin.^ the rc>p."sentati ves of the most ,,or,.>ous 
 ivilization of modern times, the whole strange sc-ene 
 set in an envir.mment of primeval forests-the spectacle 
 is as striking as it is unicpie. introduction to " Tlie Romance 
 of Dollard," by Mrs. M. II. Catliei-wood. 
 
 Tn New Brunswick but few relics of this period re- 
 main to us and the three following are the most 
 important. 
 
11 
 
 a '.lart 
 I) effect 
 DUi" pco- 
 ncestors 
 t fou.ijbt 
 ,t people 
 of us. 
 ^t for its 
 lueiu'e it 
 of this 
 
 ill tlies(^ 
 
 .)iii/jition 
 ^r as piti- 
 \ feudal 
 ed ii.silits 
 1' natural 
 I is joined 
 s and its 
 liiefs and 
 
 gorgeous 
 life scene 
 
 spectacle 
 lie Romance 
 
 period le- 
 the most 
 
 
 1. Dt'ifii'ttflo,, Sfn)>r i)j fJio TikVkdi ('hiifc/i of Saint 
 Jnui linjifistr hiiill in /7// t(f Mnfitefic. 
 
 Tills is and is likely to i-eniain oiii' most valuahle and 
 interestiiii; relic of the French l^-riod, partly for its as- 
 sociations, })artly for its lecitrd of historical fact, and 
 partly because it beai-s upon its face the induhitahle 
 evidence of its own authenticity. Ir was found at 
 Meductic in 1>!H) by Mr. Archie Hay of Lower Wo.kI- 
 stock, and the inscription was fust j)ublished in 
 "Canada," a monthly journal edited by l{e\ , M. }{. 
 Knii^ht of lU'nton, X. l\.. but with tlir eci-onenns sn|» 
 I)osition that it was a <,'rave-stone. Mi. James Vro(»iii 
 of St. Stephen was the first to reco,i,mi/.«! its true 
 charaeter and to eall tl:e attention of others to it. A 
 full descrii)tion of the stone with a cut was published in 
 the PiEviKW for Mjirch IS!):], and J»ev. W. (). Kaymond 
 further refers to it in the liuht of c(mtemporary history 
 and reprints the cut in his \aluable seiies on the historv 
 of Carleton County in the Woodstock Dispnt<'li in 
 iSiJo-G (Articles l» 1 and I'l'). Finally, in rne number 
 of the ColhnTJons of the New IJrunswick ]list(»rical 
 Society just issued (Vol. 1, No. •_', pp. I'-Jl 27-_'), Mr. 
 Raymond has treated the subject of the stone and its 
 contemporary history with an exhaustiveness which 
 leaves little, if anything, to be said on these subjects, 
 and he has given a new photographic reproduction of 
 it which is very satisfactory. The only relic at all like 
 it that ] know of is the corner stone of the cliurch at 
 
12 
 
 • , ,H..u- Fort LaNvience in Nova Scotia, 
 of .hich tlu. inscription w.tlwts ^^^'^'^^ ,!' ^^, ,a. 
 l^un.au<lc Saint P^reY'' Cow -^^^^ 
 
 "*'''■ '''• . ;« .till in possession of Mr. Hay 
 
 'Phc Mcductic stone IS stiU in pos 
 
 , ,,,.,,. 1,, is willin.i; to present it to .i public 
 ,,,l 1 l.eho ^- . J ., ., , .trikin, iHustra- 
 
 eoUection ui the 1 loMnu , i>,u,isNvick in 
 
 ■»»-•>"" ";"''r ' V^, stone ,nay 1»> p.esented, xvitl, 
 
 ma<lo a..'ccssil>le to tiio i Province is 
 
 «ho could tell of oll.er losses wind, tin 
 
 sufVerins tln-o«gli this lack. 
 
 ., 7V W„„./ /W •!/•"« ^"<''"" '■'""■'•'* '" ''■'"■""'■'"'"'• 
 
 " Tlu. hulia,.s at their village at Kin.scleav, above 
 
 • -uv cvUed to their church hy the same hell 
 
 ! , I'.ntiste at Me.luctic a century and a half 
 
 \f l)nt its history is tairly cle.ii. i^« 
 upon It, »>ut lis J nussion, lias 
 
 :::r;n:::-::--- 
 
 iiS 
 
13 
 
 fv Scotia, 
 
 given in 
 
 ("ind. c'd- 
 
 where it 
 
 Mr. Hay 
 
 ) a pu))lic 
 t illustra- 
 
 o 
 
 inswick in 
 nineteenth 
 histoiieal 
 to whicii a 
 nted, with 
 ed for and 
 ,hose of us 
 Province is 
 
 Ki)U/K<'I ''<(!'• 
 
 lear, above 
 le same hell 
 1 the church 
 y and a half 
 ) description 
 be inscribed 
 Rev. Father 
 mission, has 
 le writin.t,' of 
 
 diaries [''rancis lijiilly, then iiiissionaiy, atierw aids 
 Jiislmp of (.Juelx'c. is the foUowiiii;- entiy : 
 
 The last Indian at Mcdoctic lia\iii,:L,' died, I rauscd the 
 bell and othfj articlf>s to be transported to l^kpaliauu'h. 
 
 Kkpaliauyh was the Indian \"illaf;e at Spriiiiihill, and 
 that at Kin^sclcar is its dirrct sueeessdr. in Colonel 
 John Aliens journal (in K id<!er"s " Military < >p,'i-ali(»iis) 
 ret'eri'inir to KkpahauL:h under date J uly •"). 1 777. we read : 
 
 The Indians eanie to a i-onsultation on 1 he iTilieal 
 
 situation an<l resolxcd to meet the soldiers 
 
 Iinmediatelv thev look down their Ix'll, sti'uck their 
 
 I'amps and removed \il the eflef'ts worth 
 
 I'emos itn;", eannoii. etc.. were eairied anil eniuealed on 
 an island, then all hands erosseil the ri\er. 
 
 There is a tradition that the heil was earned to .\bida- 
 waska, !tut there is no evidence t'oi' this. When in 
 1794, after the sale of Au<|iat|Ue ( Ekj)aliauuh ), the 
 In(Hans movetl to the jnesent Indian \dlaL;v, they, no 
 doubt, took tile l)ell with them, though we iia\e no 
 record of where it had been in the meantime. 
 
 M. The. AtlK'l Cannu. 
 
 Thr-ei^ miles above Camj)l)eIlton an iritei\al.' point 
 extends northward into the ii\(M'. No son of New 
 Brunswick can stand here foi' the first time ami not 
 thrill with the j>ride which makes patriots. All about 
 him rise the splendifl hills in a urantleur not to l)e 
 matched elsewhere in tiie pro\ ince. iJehind him lies 
 
11 
 
 one of the liiicst fiuiiis in tlic l;ui<l. and uvur \)\' iuv tho 
 ruins of " Atliol House" so long the liospitaldc lionie 
 of a family of those ;,aan(l Scotsman who have made 
 noithern New IJrunswicks ehief wealth. before him 
 is a placid hasin where a noble river meets the waters 
 of a irreat hav, and lu^i-e oecuried one of the most 
 strikin*^' and least known events of our histoiy, the last 
 sea fi,i,dit in North America under the hanners of Kng- 
 land and France. At his feet lie relics of that battle 
 in two French cannon. 
 
 These cannon, fi'om their associations and untjues- 
 ti<mably authenticity, are hardly infei'ior in interest 
 to the .Meductic Stone, though unlike it they give us 
 
 no new historical 
 facts. 'J'hey lie at 
 the extremity oi 
 the j)oint. They 
 were formerly 
 mounted on wood- 
 en blocks, but by 
 the settling of 
 these, out' is tipped 
 out of position, 
 and the other is 
 upside down on 
 the g r () u n <1 . 
 They are of dilVerent pattern though of about the same 
 size, nearly ten feet in length, seventeen inches in 
 
 o 
 
 ^5U>7 
 
 I-^IG. 1. 
 
 II 
 
l)y arc the; 
 tiildc lioine 
 Iwivf made 
 IJefore liini 
 the \vat«'rs 
 tlie most 
 •y, tlu' last 
 IS of I'^i^- 
 lliat battle 
 
 1(1 uiKiues- 
 iii interest 
 vy give US 
 
 historical 
 'J'liey lie at 
 tremity of 
 int. They 
 formerly 
 id on wood- 
 3ks, but by 
 ittling of 
 lie isti[)j)e(l 
 • position, 
 10 other is 
 
 down on 
 Lj; r o u n d . 
 it the same 
 
 inches in 
 
 ''"^""■'•■'•"^ tin. butt, a„.iliv,...,nd u .iimrt.T inrh bore 
 ^"' ^'"' '""■ ^"" "" ""■ l'l<"-l<.s. then, are cut I uo 
 anchors, ,nu.-h rnsi,.,J, one near th.- nui/./I.. and fairlv 
 'l-st-rict, of sslurh an exact tra.-in.u- reduced to oi.e-tliird 
 natural si/.c IS o-ix,, I i„ Fi.,„v I : and the other faint 
 nnd farther baek. ( )„ the other ,.,,.1 t he fl.,,,. ,|... lis is 
 ^''■''■'''■"' "'•'•^^' '"«' < In- metal, ..nee near the ton.'h- 
 '"''•■' '""' ^■'••"" "'i^ ^1'" ^••■•"••Ni^' in Figure i' (reduced to 
 one third) was made, aiul again farther forward. These 
 
 marks are well ].ivser\ .-d, siix'e the 
 Uiin is upside d(.\\ii and th.^y ai.. 
 inidcriieath and protrei.w! f,,,ni the 
 \\«';ith<.r. but this po.il, <„, uiakes it 
 necessary to do some biirrouirio- in 
 ""'•''■ '" ^''•' them. The s|,a(|..<| 
 parts i„ FiiTuiv •_> are rou-h u"'u-es 
 '" ^''•' 'nerai. (»n this mui, are 
 also marks |,ke a - V and a 
 
 Fig. 
 
 " (> 
 
 The French ..ri-in of at l.vist one of the .-annon is 
 established by the presence of ,!„. fh-ur <le^iis. I ,jnnk 
 theanehoron I lie otlu r is a svmbol or seal ..f t h,. Fren,-h 
 "•nrine, for on a French ej,;,,-! <.f 17(10, in mv po.sscs- 
 sion, ati anchor, thou-h of difKerent shape, is •hus used, 
 ihit then. an. (loeuments nhiel, tej| us mon. of fl,,i,. 
 history. I),. Ilobb, former pn's;, lent of the Cniversitv 
 of New llrunsuiek. eolleeted materials for a history ,if 
 the province, an.l amon;^ his Mss. at present in posses- 
 
1(1 
 
 ion of M(\v. W. (). Kayjiiond, is the following note in 
 his writing: 
 
 •Ian. IS")-'). 
 
 Mr. K. Ferguson of Atliol Mouse near Cainpbellton 
 liestigouche called I'i: spoke of the destruction of the 
 Friuich s(iuadron with transports hy Capt'l Byron in the 
 JJaie Chaleur. 
 
 Tlier<>. are two guns at Athol House one spiked one 
 of which was got from vessel (other from Battery P! ) 
 Another gun is in Busteed's chimney from Battery 
 Pt. 1>. has also found in old ship— silver forks — 
 spoons swords bomhs cemented into soft sectile mass. 
 
 The guns above referied to are 5 in. calihre 10 feet 
 lon<f — one with tleur delis other with anchors on it. 
 
 INIr. 11. Ferguson liere referred to was the son of 
 Uobei-t Ferguson, a native of Logierait, Scotland, who 
 came to New Brunswick in 179(5, and founded Athol 
 House, which he made the centre of a great business 
 and noted for its hospitality.* He or his son mounted 
 these cannon before Athol Hcjuse, where they often 
 were fired to celebrate holidays or otlier special occasions 
 to be honored. There are several references to them 
 and to Athol House in books. Cooney's " History of 
 Northern New Brunswick and Crasp''," published in 
 1832, a rare work, which, though containing many 
 errors, is of considerable historic value, gives a full 
 
 * He is burled in the little burial ground on the point and his monu- 
 ment gives further facts about him. He die. I in IS51. Athol house was 
 burned two or three years ago and not re-built. 
 
V 
 
 rig note 111 
 
 inpbelltori 
 on of the 
 r'on in the 
 
 spike(J one 
 ittei-y P: ) 
 n liattery 
 V forks — 
 etile mass, 
 e 10 feet 
 rs on it. 
 
 lie son of 
 tland, who 
 ided Athol 
 ,t business 
 1 mounted 
 ;hey often 
 .1 occasions 
 es to them 
 History of 
 bUshed in 
 ling many 
 A'es a full 
 
 ind his monu- 
 lol house was 
 
 17 
 
 account of th- wruls with which the cunno., are 
 associated, and I shall .,uote this ho„k hclow. In 
 Cliarlcs Lannian's "Adventures in tli<- Wilds of the 
 L^nited States and Britisli American i'rox inees,' 1850, 
 Vol. IT, pp. .5-1-70, is a full and ajjpreciative account of 
 this region ami its people, nmcli ahout the Fergusons, 
 and a cut of Ath..! House. Johnston's '• Notes on 
 North America," 1S51, (V.,|, I, ,, n)i»), refers als,. to 
 tlie cannon, though with some errors. They are spoken 
 of again in J Governor Cordons - Wilderness .lourneys,' 
 (ISO), p. ;M): for they were fired to welcom.- hini on 
 his arri\ al from his ti-i|) down the llestigouche. }!,. says : 
 
 The sun lia.is,.t The sea was calm astheskv. 
 
 J he eclioes of the cannon fired f,om Atholl Ho.ise 
 reverberated grandly in the Canadian \allevs, hein-^ 
 echoed and re-eeho,>d from m..untain to nK.untain, like 
 j.rolonged peals of thunder in the still evening air. 
 
 Again in a valuable illustrated article on the IJesti- 
 gouche m Harpers Monthly for .March 18(3S (Vol 
 XXX VJ, p. 430), we ivad : 
 
 Two iron cannons that once belched forth destruction 
 from "Battery Point" upon the invading English, are now 
 mounted upon a plateau at "Athol House" and still do 
 occasu,nal service in the way of fh-ing salutes on the 
 anniversaries of the "Queen's Birthday " anrl the " Lanrl- 
 ing of the Loyalists." 
 
 There are other references to them and contemporary 
 events in a valual)le series of articles on the history (if 
 this region l,y liev. J. C. Herdman, published in the 
 
 »«»- 
 
^m 
 
 18 
 
 St. .Idlin "I)fiilySun" in ISS;}, and rt'piintofl in tho 
 C}ini}il)«llton "KntfMprise" in 1890.* 
 
 Tlic battle of Hcstigoucho was f()u<;ht in 17(>0, and 
 was not only the only naval on<;a^einent of any account 
 cvn- t'oui^djt in New Biunswick waters, hut it closed the 
 sttUju't^des on the sea between England and France in 
 North America. It has received little notict; from 
 histoiians. Park man does not mention it, thoui^di 
 Hannay and other l<»cal writers jefer to. The only 
 oiii^'inal account known to me is the seini-otticial 
 dtiscription in the I^ondon Maj^azine for 1760, repi'inted 
 by Cooney (p 21 "J, compaie also 211), from which the 
 following is copied : 
 
 "London, Sth Se})tember, 1760." By despatches 
 received from Captain Byron, Senior officer of his 
 liritarmic Majesty's Ships at Louisburgh, and dated 
 26th of July, it appears that Captain B., upon receiving 
 intelligence from Brigadier General Whitmore, that a 
 Froich tleet had sailed up Chaleur Bay, proceeded M-ith 
 the Fame, Dorcetshire, Arhif/es, ,Sc<irborough 'Ainl Repitluc, 
 
 ♦It should be reprinted ia pauiphlct lorni. It is a curious phase of 
 historical study in New Brunswick, showing how far the devotion of a 
 few students exceeds appreciation of their labors by the public, that so 
 many valuable series of articles en local history, not to mention single 
 papers, have api)eared only in le.vspapers, with no call for them in 
 another form. Thus I recall Mr. .lerdman's series just referred to ; Mr. 
 Hannay 's on the History of the Ijoyalists in the St. John Telegraph in 
 1S!)3 ill : that in St. Croix Courier on Charlotte County in 1893-95 ; Mr. 
 Raymond's on Carleton County in the Woodstock Dispatch in 1895-9f') ; 
 Mr. T'enety's Political Notes in Prof/re«s in 1893-94 ; Mr. Macfarlane's en 
 Fredericton in the St. John Sun in 189J ; Mr. Milner's in the Sackville 
 Post ; the many by M. Gaudet on the Acadian settlements in Le Muni- 
 teur Acadien, and others. 
 
19 
 
 ed in the 
 
 TOO, juul 
 y account 
 closed the 
 France in 
 tice from 
 it, thou,sJCh 
 
 The only 
 enii-orticiiil 
 , rcpi'inted 
 
 which the 
 
 despatches 
 ;er of his 
 and dated 
 II receivinjj; 
 re, that a 
 ieded with 
 lud Repuhf, 
 
 |-ious phase of 
 devotion of a 
 niblic, that so 
 lention single 
 for them in 
 ferred to ; Mr. 
 Telegraph in 
 n 1892-95 ; Mr, 
 Itch in 1893-9() ; 
 facfarlane's on 
 the Saclcville 
 Its in Le Mo7ii- 
 
 in <|uest of tlieni. Ilaviii*; destroyed one Freiicli sliij), 
 L(i f'af/i(iriiio, in (Jaspc l>ay, Cajitain l>yron proceeded 
 to a lur^'e rivei-, called i>y the Indiuns RitsthiKsIt'i. Here 
 lie found the remainder, consist in^^ of the Marchuull of 
 \S'l guns ; the A'sjuniricc of 30; the Bi^'ttj'<tls((n( of 22 ; 
 and the Marfprts df Marlozr of \^ \ together with 
 twenty-two sloops and small vessels. " When ctur tleet 
 appealed oil' the Riisfi(/iishi hai-liour, the enemy pro- 
 ceeded up the I'iver, and anchored ahoNC two hatteiii's, 
 mounted on the North side of it. These heing hut in- 
 difl'erently served, were soon silenced ; and the ships, 
 after a short resistance, were all sunk ov taken. Captain 
 IJyron then destroyed the town of /V/// Rochrlh', con- 
 taining u])wards of two hundrid houses ; and also hoth 
 of tin; liattei'iejs. 
 
 References to the French ships and the I'eturn of 
 some of their crews to France occur in the " C^madian 
 Ai'chives " for iJ^M?, p. ccxxii. 
 
 The site of this battle is known beyond the possibility 
 of a doubt. It was fought on the basin before A thol Point. 
 The sites of the principal batteries on the Quebec side 
 are called to this day Buttt^i'ij Point, and Poltit La Garde. 
 Point a Bonrdeau preserves probably the name of the 
 French commander. The site of Petit Jiochelle is also 
 known ; it was opposite Athol Point, extending from 
 Othcer's brook to Uroadlands.* The ])osition of the 
 
 + On a pulilished French Chart of 'Port Ritsigouche "" cf about 
 17t)0, copied from an Englisli one of 17(10. the shoal near Megiiaclia Point 
 is named Basae d' Achilles; that near P'lueraut Point is lias fond de 
 DorsetnlUre ; Point La Garde is Boyron's Pointe; Batterj' Point is Fame 
 Pointe; and Cross Point is Rtptilse Pointe. Thus are recorded the 
 names of the commander and of four of his ships. 
 
20 
 
 event is fiiitliei* fixed l)y the many references to tiie 
 wrecks of the sliijw foimerly visihh' in tlie basin. Thus 
 C/Ooney speaks of th(>m, (pp. L' I 7-21!)) as do Lannian 
 and Heidnian, and the following note by Dr. Uobb a 
 part of the one already (juoted, i.s of interest: 
 
 The hull of a vessf^l of about 700 tons which had aj)- 
 parently been blown up - near Mission P! at otticer's 
 bi'ook. 
 
 Hull and part of stem (h-y at low water— it was 
 exploicd this year during dry seasoji and high tides. 
 Found balls, staves, (?) bombs, copper i^' grindstone 
 crank 
 
 :\ fortified points I5attcry Pt. f.ittle I5attery Pt. 
 Si Pt. La CJarde. J'^nglish vessels entered Kestiguiche 
 in jtuisuit — a No\'a Scotian who had l)een piisoner on 
 board French ship at Cam})bellton escaped by swinnning 
 c'i- informed English who were at Pt. La (Jarde of leti-eat 
 of French — English landed at Pt. La (Jarde, t^' by a 
 detour behind shore ridges reach French Battery at 
 head of tide when French surrendered. Old Mr. Fer- 
 guson had heard this from Nova Scotian himself. 
 
 The traditional account of Byron's advance up the 
 llestigouche, rendered very ditiicult by the shoals, is 
 given with greater fulness by Mr. Herdman. 
 
 All this have these cannon not only witnessed })ut 
 taken part in. Yet they lie in neglect, perhaps even in 
 danger of the fate which always menaces such objects 
 — the junk-dealer's scrap-pile. It would be a pul)lic- 
 spirited act, and one for which posterity would thank 
 them, if the citizens of Campbellton would mount these 
 
21 
 
 ces to the 
 ^in. Thus 
 > Liimuaii 
 !•. Kohl), ii 
 
 ich had ap- 
 at urticer'n 
 
 (>,._ it was 
 
 hiL,'li tides. 
 
 jriiiidstone 
 
 iattcry Pt. 
 lU'sti,i,'uicho 
 uiisoncr <>ii 
 y Hwimnuiijj; 
 le of ret leat 
 do, i^' hy a 
 Battery at 
 d Mr. Fer- 
 nselt. 
 
 biice up the 
 e slioals, is 
 
 tnessed hut 
 laps even in 
 such ohjects 
 e a puV)hc- 
 vould thank 
 mount these 
 
 cannon uj»on a lu'in stone foundation witli an insci-i])- 
 tion l)ritMly recitinj^ their history. If, in adcUtioii. the 
 part of this hcautif\il and liistoi'ic Point surrouiuhn,!^ 
 them, even hut an acre or- two, could he H(!cured and set 
 asidf forevci- for the puhlic, it would form a most a})- 
 pi'opi'iatc momnnent foi- the .Juhih^c year of llcr .Maj<'M- 
 ty, and .i worthy contrihution to the liii^hcr life of the 
 province from her loyal sul)jects of C-amphcllton. 
 
 4. Other Rt'llrs, 
 
 E.xeludiiii; i)ooks, ma]>s, coins, etc., of which there 
 are a gi-eat mnnl)er, and various other small ol>jects 
 Hke hatchets, 1 know of hut two othei- relics of tliis per-iod 
 woi-thy of s])ecial mention. One is a j^old rin<(, found 
 in IS.")9 near the site of Fort Xasliwaak and figured and 
 descrihed in iMi-. Hannay's })aper on Fort Nashwaak in 
 Steif^dvf's (Jiuirfi'vly for Octoher-, |S(i7. On it is a small 
 cross and the letters T II S. .\s Mr-. liaruiay suj)poses 
 it was no douht the property of a priest, ])orhaps of 
 Fatlier Simon or perhaps of Fathei- Eli/.ee, the Sieur de 
 Villehon's Cha|»lain. I do not know where this rinijf 
 now is. The other is a small hut well made and much 
 ornamented da<j;<i;e!', which was found some yc^ars a<.,'0 
 in York County, and is now in Mr. (leorffe IJatson's 
 collection at Camj)oh(!llo; l)ut no more of its history 
 is known.