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MAR 7

CANADA. ^.^1

McGILL UNIVERSITY

PAPERS FROM THE DEPARTMENT

Geology.

No. 7. — Note on Carboniferous Entomostraca from

Nova Scotia, in the Peter Redpath Museum,

Determined and Described by Prof. T.

Rupert Jones, F.R.S., and Mr. Kirby.

Sir J. William Dawson, C.M.G.

[Reprinted from the Canadian Record of Science, January, 1897.]

Montreal, ib97.

"Reprinted from the Canadian Record of Science, January, 1897."

Note on Carijoniferous Entomostraca, from Nova
Scotia, in the I'eter IIedpath Museum, Determined
and Described by Prof. T. Rupert Jones, F.R.S.,
and Mr. Kirkby.

By Sir William Dawson, LL.D., F.R.S.

Having had occasion recently to look over some speci-
mens of these interesting animals in the Peter Redpath
Museum, it occurs to me as likely to be useful to
collectors and geological workers to summarize in the
Becord of Science what is known of them as occurring
in Nova Scotia.

When preparing my Acadian Geology, and especially
the second edition of that work,* as well as later papers

I 1868.

Carhoriifcroiis Entumostraca from Nova Scotia. 317

suppleiiifiiitary to it, T took advuntiiji^e of the kindness
of l*rof. liupert Jones, F.U.S,, tlie liighest authority in the
study of tiie Pahi'ozoic Kntoniostrnca, to place in his
hands for determination the specimens wliich I had
collected. The material thus submitted to Prof. Jones,
between the years isr»5 and 1884, was eventually
in the latter year published in a collected form
in a paper contributed by him to the London
Geological Magazine, with a page of excellent illus-
trations, some of which are copied, by permission, in
the present note. A little later, in 1889, Prof. Jones
published in the same magazine an additional note on
specimens collected by Mr. Foord, F.G.S., in the coal-
formation at Mabou, Cape Breton, and which were
communicated to him by Mr. Whit^aves, F.G.S., Palteon-
tologist to the Geological Survey of Canada. These,
however, added no new species to those previously known.
Still later, in one of his reports to the British Association,
he notices an example of Estherla Dawsoni, collected by
Mr. Fletcher of the (xeological Survey, at Five Islands.

The specimens described or noticed in the paper of
1884* were partly from the Horton series of the Lower
Carboniferous, at Lower Horton, Horton Bluff and the
Strait of Canseau, and partly from the Middle Coal-
formation of Cumberland, Colchester, Pictou and Cape
Breton ; and in onler to indicate their stratigraphical
positions, it may be best to take them here in the order of
time, as constituting two groups, one Lower Carboniferous
(Sub-Carboniferous of Dana, Tweedian and Calciferous
of Great Jiritain and Culm of the continent of Europe),
the other belonging to the time of tiie Middle or Produc-
tive Coal-Measures. > : •

Carboiiifuroiis Eiituniustraca from Nova Scotia, by T. Rupert Jotiea ami Jaiiius
W. Kirkby, Uuolngical Ma^iizine, August, 1884. Some of tlie species had been separ-
atfiy mentioned or described in the same Journal iu 1870, 1878 and 1881.

318 Canadian Record of Science,.

I.— LOWER CARBONIFER( )( JS.

The Lower Carhoniferous collections ])elon<x to the bods
holding plants and fish reniains which locally underlie or
replace the marine limestones, and which I have called
the Horton Series, from their ;,freat developnienl and good
exposure at Lower Horton and Horton lilufl", where they
were examined and recognized as the ecpiivalent of tlu;
lowest member of the Carboniferous in Scotland, by both
Lyell and Logan. In si»ecimciis collected in these beds
and the corresponding beds on the Strait of Canseau and
in Pictou, the following species have been recognized
by Prof. Jones.

Pig. 1. Left Valve. Ifc. Valve edgewise, x 'Si.

1. Lepcrditia Okeni, Munsier (Fig. 1) and its variety
L. Scotoburdiegalcnsis of Hibbert, a very widely distributed
species and characteristic of the Lower Carboniferous in
Russia, Bavaria and Scotland. In the latter it occurs
abundantly in the shale and limestone of Burdiehouse,
near Edinburgh, celebrated for fish remains ; and in which
I first saw this fossil in my student days in Edinburgh ;
before I had collected it in Nova Scotia. Prof. Jones
remarks : " It is of especial interest to meet with so old a
friend, so abundantly and with so robust a habit, for
we have not seen larger examples of it in Scotland, in

CarhonlfernuH Enlovtodrdca from Nnva Scotia. IU9

Carboniferous rocks on the American side of the Atla.itic."
I may add that in Nova Scotia, as in Scothmd, it is asso-
ciated witii tiahes of Carboniferous genera and with
Lepidodendra and Ferns of Lower Carboniferous types,
the whole being, as I have shown in " AcacUan (Jeology"
and in my report on the Hora of the Lower Carboniferous
in Nova Scotia,' a very precise equivalent of the European
beds representing this interesting formation, the earliest
j^,vot'ursor of the conditions of the Coal-Measures.

I have si)ecimens of this Leperditia less perfectly jn-e-
servfd, from the Lower Carboniferous shales of the East
Branch of the E^ist River of I'ictou.

Fig. 2. Right and Left ^ al vos, x 2.'i.

2. Bi't/richia Nova Scotica, Jones and Kirkby (Fig. 2.)
This seems to be a new species, l)ut is \'ery near to one
found by Eichwald in Eussia — B. Colliculiis, Eichwald.
This species is less plentiful in my collections than the
previous one. . .

^01

Fig. 3, 1 25.

3. Beyrichia Sp. (Fig. 3.) A single small valve from
Horton represented tliis species in the collections sub-

1 "Acadian Geology," i>. 262, tt aeq. Report oiiFossil Plants of Lower Carboni.
ferous, etc., Geol. Survey of Canada, 1873.

I
I

320

Canadian Rtrord of Sriencc.

II
I

initted to I'lof. Rupert Jcmes. It secins very rare, and
may be merely a depauperateil v.uiety or immature .state
of the laHt mentioned.

Fig. 4, X s.

4. Esthcria Dawsoni, Jone.s' (Fig. 4.) The specimen
described by Prof. Jones is from Horton but the same
species has more recently been collected by Mr. Fletcher,
of the Geological Survey, at Five Islands, and was identi-
fied by Prof. Jones on being submitted to him. It has
also been found in Scotland. I have either the young of
this species or a similar one of smaller size from the
East Kiver of I'ictou. '

I
I

Fig. 5, X 5.

5. Leaia Leidyi, Jones (Lea Sp.), var. Salteriana, Jones
(Fig. 5.) This species, unique in my collections, from the
Lower Carboniferous of the Strait of Canseau, is widely
distributed in the Carboniferous on both sides of the
Atlantic. It was first discovered in Pennsylvania, but
a second species or variety of larger size has been found in
Illinois. (L. tricarinata, Meek & Worthen.) It seems to
be rare in Nova Scotia, which is unfortunate, as it is so

1 Geol. Mag., 1870, p. 220, PI. IX., Fig 13.

Carhonifcroiix EiitomoHtraca from Nora S.>ofia. 321

well iiiarkecl a Hpi^'ics, iind so usc^ful us an iiitlicator of
the liower Cail(oiuferou.s iu disturbed districts.

Pig. 6, X !i6.

6. Cythere (Species), (Fij,'. 6.) Valves, apparently
representing two species, occur in the Horton sliales, but
have not been identified as yet with any known species.

II.- COAL FORMATION.

Small bivalve Entoniostraca are very abundant in some
carbonaceous shales and bituminous limestones at the
South Jo<^'<^nns, Chiganois Iliver, East Kiver of Tictou,
Glace Bay, Cape Breton, Sydney, C.B., Malxju, C.B., &c.,
where they seem to bare swarmed in the lagoons of the
coal swamps, as Cyprids do in some modern ponds, but
the species do not seem to be numerous. Those noticed
in the pa})er in (question are the following : —

• y

Fig. 7, X 25.

1. Carbonia fabulwa, Jones & Kirkby (Fig. 7.) This is
one of the most abundant .species at all the localities, and
sometimes covers the entire surfaces of layers of shale

322

Canndian Record of Science.

and sillily limestone. It is also m cliaracteristic Hritish
species.

KiR. 8, X a.

2. Carhonia haird hides, J. & K. (Fig. 8.) Less
almndant than the preceding, at the Joggins and also
at Mabou, where it was collected along with the preceding
by Mr. Foord, but it is abundant in the Upper Coal
Formation of Smelt Brook, East Itiver, Pietou. It is also
a common Scottish species.

Fig. 9, X 25.

3. Gandona elotigata, J. & K. (Fig. 0.) Larger and more
elongated than the preceding forms, but much less abun-
dant. It attains the length of -j\fth of an inch.

Prof. Jones has some interesting remarks on the very
wide distribution oi all these species in the Northern
Hemisj)here, in connection with the fact that they were
probably shallow-water, or even brackish -water species.
This indicates means of transit for such animals, by shallow
areas either now oceanic or now land. It concurs with
many other facts in showing that the comparative
rarity of great ocean depths and high mountain ranges

.^ j

pS/

fmm ^'C^y? 'r^ I'M'^'^ "syny ^'^-^'^>-,?? 4#f^

CarhovifcroHH Entoniofifram from Nova Scotia. ."IliM

in tlie Carboiiiforous period had iinj)ortant comiectioii
witli its equable climate and uniform animal and vegetable
life over vast areas. Prof. Jones's discus.^ion of this
subject shows how nuich can be learned from the careful
study of very minute and inconsi)icuous animal remains.

Note, — All the Hgurea, except Nos. 4 and T), are inagnlfieil about 25
diameters.

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