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%
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1
2
3
1
2
3
4
5
6
^
I
Ilhey 1
A
men t
sir, ha
called,
workii
(Oheo!
ill nut
mail,
troni t
ill the
Ikj n s(
who h
iuture
ui! ioo
the (!U
ill niu),
torts fe
cipleH
(joven
Huprtt
play if.
Chairn
Htt wel
tlio U'
ot (h<
I rath<
act ion
fiion 8<
press ^
to the
(Ch«'«r
civilize
SuppUment to " The Freeholder^
WORKINGMEN'S DEMONSTRATION
Uk.T
Toronto, Thursday, May SOtli, ?.87?
w w M €J- lei
OK
Hon. Mr. Mackenzie.
Hon. Mr. MA('KENZIFi, upon riaing, wtw greeted with round iiftor round of choorn. Wfiort
they had emi.stxl he naid :
Jilr. Chairman, —tl am ex(!C(Hlin;^ly ()hlig<xl to vonrsolf, to Mr. Lenox, and to the other ^ontle-
men for the adtln-hs \vhi<;h yon IihVo prowMitwl to nu', ami aUo lor (l»o rcniarkw with .vhi<'li yon,
sir, have Ujon ki?Kl «miou!<Ii lo introdvice nic in Ktatint^ tho objoit for whicli thi.s meeting wan
called. I asynre yon that I nneivo tliis token of tlu' f'rioiHl.'*hiji ami the jK)li'ical adherence of the
workiujapTien of 'IVironto with ^router ])lcut<ure ilian any event of my life has over given ine.
(Oheoi"».) It han lieon roprencntw! Ihut I faihw] in my duty a8 a in*'ml>er of tJio AdntiniHtriition
in notgiving otVect to <>na';t!nonls whiih wmild have tor Ihoir ohjiTt tlie hcnotit of the workintj-
man. Now, sir, I look ujion ihis addre^^.>^, eominj^ as it < loos from the workingmon, J^^ >'manatiug
from the true Hoiirce of politii;al j>owor, in\d a^ hoiiig a < ompleto vinnication of th«' (tovernnu-nt
in the coui-hc iHii-sued in this <'ounlrj-. i Oheei-s ) For wlialovcr may Iw Kaid hy tho.M! who may
Ihj ft step al>ov(' the workingtnan in tin* xorial M-nle in this country. I hold ii it* the workingniaii
who has made the oounlry. It in l!>o woi kinginati who is to givo the ironntry iK)W«r tor the
future, and to make it irrcat in the eyes of tijo world. It is tho workingman to whom we nn»t
all look, not merely ior tin- tinits of imndiani«ral pursuit*^ common to cilior. and townM, hut alno for
the cultivation of our ticldn. the cioaring of our Ibrostw, the conKtruction of our puhlic works, and,
in short, everything that give^* rhararter, jH)Wi'r, and piosjx'rily to a (•i\iliy.«vl countjy. 1 ihero-
fore feci all the greater pride in ri'f..-iving tliis token of homage, not to m3M>il'. hut to thoHe priii-
ciples of whii'h I al present am on!}- a reprosent.ilive, and I assure you that .my colleagues in the
Government, and my collengnes ii\ pnMic life in the Parliament of the country will ahundatiify
appreeial* the motives which have led the workingnum of thiri city 1<i ailopi this method ofdi»«
ulayir.g his politicrti iwwcr and vindicating liis poiilii a! character Yon have alluJwl, Mr.
ChairmHD, to the tact tnat (here have Ih «•?) workingmen s gatherings in otlior part* of the couutrvr
as well as in this city, with n view to marnfe.sting their ap}iroval of i,he conduct in public life of
tbo leader of the Opposition. Far he it frf)m me to tind any fault with this indication
ot the political opinions of certain sections of the workingmen. ( Hear, hear ! )
I rather rejoice to know that (here is- that independence oC tlioughl anfl that indep^Midence of
action which leads numliers of our fellow-citiw^ns to take a view of {political life and jsilitical
men mnuewhat lulverso to those winch we hold <inn<olve8. At the same time, I cannot but ex-
prp«8 HoTiie liitle surpri.se that imy workingman who looks back to the lnst'>ry of the c(»untry,
to the history of our race in the .Motherland, »hould, 'ly natural instinct, be a e^oii^ervative.
(t'heers.) Sir, tho power of the workingman is made manifest only whtui a country beootae*
civilized and powo»Tui. The power of a worktugmaji it oothiu^f in a state oi Betai-oarbai l«ui^
• '>
riiMM
■■■
2
The Tory party in England wore but tho followoi-s or tho suocft.ssors of tlioso who oppreiwo
the wijrkiii|:{m!iii in limo?* !oig i^one'hy. (('hoci;'.) 1 nay thvy wero but tlio Inlloworn or »ui
COS .<)i'(« of liio.so who hi>ld the worUiiigmun in lij{ht <?stcom. If wo lixtU bunk l) tho liistory « i]
tho owly iisfi's of the Kastern tnonmrluo'*, wo lind tiio workinKinun u »Iuve. If wo look Lju-k I
•,ho history ot iho cosiiUiy whicli HBonlsi n« the furliost iitKtuneu of ji national civiiiBUtion — nuch u
It vvus — wo tind tiie moniurli and the nolilcH ot K^'\]>t makinfr thoir «Hhji>cts toil to icnr mom
nieiiu, !i'>t to hnnian iindi.^tiy, not t/> that iniiii>trv wliich \> pi'xjnolivo, bnt mewly inonunuiit
to liio nionurchh an<l io tint pai^an ^o<lr« whom tliey woi'~iii|i|»!(l ; uu<l in lin- i)uiidiiig of tii
Kt;y|)tiun pyrainidtf hikI the vant loniplos ot that land thon- was an anionni ol human liib ai'i<i|
hn'nan lahour ^acrilicod whii-h would liavo ton tinion ooin|il«'lo 1 the i-ntiii' i>iihlic v oi-kw whi«''
thi <• luiiiry haw bct'ii Litdvavounrii^ to ciiry torwanl In compltslion. ( Inli'rnnitioii. > 1 am n'
ikt all snrpi'incvl at the iMi|)aiieiu'0 of corlain iruullomen, «Tlii'\ know that th« li<it> of publi
opinion IS niiiiiinij !lgain^t thoni. (Uhoers.) Thoy U;iow tlial thin nni^nitii iiil ucnionHtralio
Hiiiks into in^igniticanco anything; thai they hav« attempted. (Hoar and <"licoi*.) I wj
nliout to traco tlio history of tho workin^anan from tho tiino whon In- wan tjio n\fr<' niavo of If
df-jioi and ihc' tyrant. In onr own day t'tl'ort« art- made iiy -trontj CoiiMMVUtivcs to indncu il
woi iiiiigman to U'liovo that tliev. and tln-y alone, an' his trnn tViondH, nltliomjh it i>- impo'siblo tli;
any ^ntiMtantiul sympathy fan oxi*! botwooii a Conservative and tiio real workinijnnin wl
sut'^ist- liy till' labour of his hands, (('boors. ) Well, sir. let mo cunu' down in the history
the World to countries whi(di followed fast upon the ((.ulst.o|'S of ilu- Kgypti.uis in ibi' rare (.
<ivili/,ation. liel ii> c»Misid»'r what was tho r^mdition of the workinjcman in lOnglaml itsoll in tl
Hixtoonth and .Hovenieeiitli eonturios, when Tory rale was ai its heigiit. when no lalM»uror had an
voico III the admiijistrati<)n of affair.s, when scarr-oly siurb a thing ah popular rojtresoiitiition i
rarl.anionl exist* I. lAon in the days of the Coiiiiaonwealth w«! find iliat. ib^- wage o| li
workiin;niaii was ii.\od by (ho t^i'Milor'So^.-'ious or ibi- ma!;i«iiato-. of ibo rospot live eotintio-^
Kngland, and tha;, altboii^ii they wore lermi'd fioonK'n, tb"y wore really oompelltsi to do il .
W4)rk of serfs. We find Ibat dining that period tliey were allowtwi simply snob wages a» woni
albtrd them the barest po.-,sible covoiing for lljoii' Uvlies, un<i Mie soantiost pjtssiblo n>oann ■
snlwisienoe. And yet, sir. ihroiigli all llial long ])('riod ot darkn ss and di^lioss to llio laboiirii
nnin, he wis o>mipello<l to s-m'Vo the blate, oitlior in ihc imbiio armies or in doing puhli<! work
lo an extent tiir in e .'n'ss of anj* labour which liie labouring meH ot this day pertin
when it in oa volui ..iry charueter. and performud at a tixoil [irico bargaiiie>l tor i
themselves. /»! ihe pro ent day the eumlitions of lalMJiir are praelioally tlie saiiit! in ( 'unada
in laigiaml. ^n both eon. (trios the arrangomonts with r</iatil lo it are now snbjeol to eoiidjtioi •
on wliieh mast -r and emj'loyeo must of neeossily agree. The labourer in Canada is, however,
a position a good deal superior. I think, in tithor respoots to llmi of the labourer in Knglan
boOHnse in Can.wla — in all l^e lounliy plaoes. at all events, and to a great exieat in the uiti
also-ovory laUauing man ni.i>. if he likes, have a honu; ou soil owned .as wtll a» oioup;
by, hiniseli. (^Cheers.) 1 wa.i about to allude to h;ivs of a rest-ieiivo oharauior whioh iia
been enaetwl apparently for the protection of tho workingman, but really in order to brii'
aboiii the most evil results lo every one of thom. All law^ whioh have a teiidemy to prove
the Iree ox- hango of labnur, whioh make labour t-iluiary ;o capital, whieh make thtj employ
a luti'o sei'f to tho om|)loye.-. must o( noeo.ssit\' a.i> et iiijuiioiisly tho interests ol tin' workin
man. (A ilisorrjerly inlcim})tion here ooiurred, lasting lor about live minulos, it was oair-ed
an obstinate individual in the middle of the hall, who iK-rsistiMl in standing on hia seat t
a4*ting in an ooiontrie hwaion , ho was nitimatoiy. however, induood to sit down.) I w
pro< ceding, sir, to remark upon thi- evil tondeia-y of all j'o-lrittive laws— thai in, laws wh' :
1 unnere.s»arily intoil'oro with conlrac Is lu'iwoon m.'in and man. rreoisi'ly the lame primiplo wb .
atlocts eontraots lor labour alfeots oontraet.-' for any other ooiiim<<(lity ; and vvhatover lieprive
mnn of the liberiy to iranslor his lalMUjr t<i the m.irkct ite thinks best adapt««l lo nieol his war
and to furnish bnii with ihe o<|uivid(iit .' iiioh his laUnir is inlo'ided to purohu'e, nmsl il'm-res:-
have an injuriou- elfoci upon the public policy of a people sul.ioekHt to such a systvm ol hn
Those who lived during the tiui'..' of the agitation lor iho re|M)al »»f tho Corn Laws in Kiiglan.i
that great agitation against the la, ' vestige of protociion whi<di oursotl llii- so long the Mot!
Country — cannot but reuKimhor the (i 'tiiorahio state to which Iho |sipulalitm ot J''n.ghinil v
ro iuced by this attoni|,>t to protect (ho far.'ior and the landlord at tho expense of all tho rest oft
Community. >Sir, it is well known to every Ki.'lishnmn present who lived in Kngland forty o» li;
yean* ago. that at that time there w:w.. iiisleail of pn>sperity, es is eommonly sup|N)sod, a conUil
of tho utnio-il ilefression in the -Molhur Country. {A Vo eo._" 'I'lmt's so.") ^Vs long
protective laws n-uiainoil in loice il was sup|)osod that a certai. cliiss would Ije benofitlod, :<'.
that no oiher class would sutler .'iny injury ti> •>» them. It is, h<nv*ver, iinjK>ssible to nrotec a
particular interest, unless it bo al the oxponse ol oiher inloiost< (lleai , hoar.) Now, aii-
remember very well when John iiright, (i(H>rge Thompaon, Kit dam (Jobdoii, i.nd other gr.
%
I who opprousc
t't>Uo\v«>i".i <»r fui
I » llio liiatory < ' I
\vi? li»<>U Itti'k I'
lifutii.n — ?«mh u
il U> I'l'ni* mom
Tcly ittniniiiu'iit
tiiiilviiiig of th
liiiinaii lii'u aii'i
ilic \v()vkn wlii«''
tititi. I I iiiii tv
ic li<lc ot publi
a UomoiiHtraii"
(•lit'«i>.) I w:
n.'ii- hIiivo of til
V( s to umIiico il
is irnpo'siMo th: '
^i)rk)it;;niuii wL
in tli»i liixtorv
s in I 111' raif t;
lajid itj'cll' ill tl
lalxtunu' liii'l :iii
•ojiiflrtt'iitiitioTi
thfi w.'igo oi' (I
•livi' foimlu-'
ipi'llinl to do 1 1 .
wii^cs UM won!
i>>s-iil)lo mount* ■
4 to I lie luliouri:
iii;.^ jiiihlic, wot I.
liiN (lay portoi
ii;;tiiMt«l lor t
nie ill < 'uiiuda
jii'L to coinlilioi
a is, liowovfi",
i-Mi' in Kii>;luii
III in tlio citi
Mill iU ot'C-U|il
•lor whit'lj lia
or<lor to l)iii
iMitv lo provt;
ko tin- oiitplo'S
ot till- woikm
it wa.H i-uii^'Wl
on liin Hoat f
liowu.) J V
I ii*. law- wir
piiiuiplc wli
Wvt'p ui>|iriv»'
ineot hit* war
IKl-l <•! llfCl's:-
'\>toni o( l;n
w-< in FiiiiihiiiM
loii^ tli(< Moll
o| l-'.liillinnl V
II iho r«st oft
and ti>rly o> tv
osod, aconUit
') An long
> i>oncfiU»;<l. ;
o lo protcr' .1
jr.) Now, Hi r
ind other pn
mwn of that tiino had tho far-swiiij? eye of Htnlrsinon to olworvf Uio dinaHtMnH innu(<ncoH
which wcr«» sure to rosiilt within a ir.inpanitivoly hIioH po;'i<Nl iC thoM> laws w(t« «M>iilinu«'d in
i'xisl*n<««. It iH well known tliat foi »(Voral ^oai^ holori' thy iH'pcjd of tlic Corn Laws wji«
furri^vl li}- a ri liu-tant liC^iHlatiiio *!i<" p«v»p|« of the com, try woro U-i oiniiii; n»o8i doH|H>rat«<.
Il is widl luiown tital ruvoliitioti wa^ bruu4iin/; in llit> vny hearl ortin- liritisli IOtii|<iru. It is
wi'U known that Ntarvin;^ thousandM won; lutrDllinf.' the Htiot-t*', tiirMoil — ciirHod i wiy — l>y tho
d'oi'ih of piotiTli.'n. And I Hhall Ik- nhlo to show Imlwrn I ain doin" the Hiinilarity wliioh c:iiHt»
lvlw«'i.'n tlial protoi li\f syhtciu and tho f«\>loni whi< h t»>\nv |M>opli» would hav«« prevail in this
now country , wln-ro we ar*' hiippo-i-d it> Ik) in a i)oHili<jn lo swoop away all tlui ahuscs ot' iho <»!d
land, t«> slrikn out a now lino for ourHulvcs, und to hring Canada and all il oan inthi(«ri(-(- into
liannony with tho polioy of tho l"]in|ii ro. * (( 'hod's. 1 That |K»lioy is ono whioh is riuinoiilly jusi to
all Mi'iu, ju* il I5iak<'s n<i oonditiontt that woshali |»ay tuxos loai y oni: hut lhoMi!,ti<; andanyt<y-<t ni
of priiioction thai ••onipclb us not uion-ly to ]>ay taxort f'>r the inainlonanot' ot ; no Slnlo uiul tor Iho
oxfci-jtionof lis lawtt.iiiii (•dinpelsusalso to pa^'u larj^o taxation (or tho purjuiso oftilliiif^ tho |MM-kolM
of souio of our follow ciii/.tiis (hoar, hoar), is a most initpiiiuiiHsysU'in. il i'^ unjust hi |irinoipl<>. it
is ji|'<m1ucUvo o| iho wor>l <'oiisoquoncos in jiraclii o, own to tliosf who may d<'rivo a tiunporary
advantuKO from tho i'liactiiKMil ot' jumIc liv»> laws. No ono oan possil»l\' doul>l lltal if thoy ;;ivo
a litlio pjui«in<j atlontion to llio sul>j<'ot. Now. i-ir, w.ii;os at llio limo llial liio Corn haws wero
ill Ion* in Kiii^lund wore ut the vory |v»int of starvation. I rt«oollfOt v«fy woll when thoordimiry
I'lriii laborer had to lio (-onlont^vl in (iroat Hritaiu with alMUii a shillla^ a day : I i'<-oolloot, also
whon soiuo imi>rovt;m"nt wm'- niado that <uio .^lli!lirl^ and >iv|KMioo a ilay was thoii^i'il t" In- u
;.;oo<l WiijLfOi 1 rooollool when ilio hands i-mplnyod \>y tho a^'rioiillurisfs won' thoUf^lil lo Im' woll
paid whon thoy avimo j^otiini^ CIO poi annum and thoir boanl , and I rocolltHl tho limo wlnn mo
rli:inio'K, such as iniwons, i.arpontors, Maoksmiths, and o'lior arlitioors. had lo Ik? oontont with from
throcpouot* to lourjHUu*' poi- ln'iir. Now llioy (hi'iU thoniMolvos iM paiu if llu'v do not havo from
oi^lii|H«iK«' to Icnjioiioo halt |K'nn\ an liotir in !'"aii;la!itl. This shows how luiu'licial froo-trado has
lM»en lo llio Kii^'lish nn'<linni«' and li> tho K*i;;ii.^h lahtuvr. Nom", sir. ai the prtv^oni limo the
oi'dinary farm soivanl — llio jilouirhnjan of Iho old land — oan oiwily ohtain Clt yn't' annum and
his Isiard, wliioli formerly, within tiio memory of many •! those I am now addrossiii'.j and wiihin
my own, ho fMil\ ohiaiuwl X'lO What was tiio state of ilu» a\ >rkinmiian as to lo<l.:^in^, as lo the
moaiiH »){■ raisin;; a family in doeenoy, as to tho moans of oiitainin^ a (iiir rtluoation ti)r hi-*
childi'on ? Tho i-kwtriotivo laws whioh so loii<r hold tho woikinj^man in n stato of oomparativo
Hubjootion lofl him also, as a L-onoral iliini: in Kiurland, without the moans of odnoal ion. It is
true that in Scollaiid, and <oiiic p,»jis ot Kn^land and Irelatnl, ilioi'e wji^ a miuo lilx'ial sy,-<tom
ofoduoation, bill 1 spoak of tho j^oneral ehuraotor o| llio moans tlii'oii'.'hoiu (ireal ibilani that
Wore tiion at llio di.-^n>.^al of a man wiih a family lor obtainii^r a fair olomentary (idiuaiion liir
his ol.ihlren. All this, 1 say, was tho result of an evil system of lo,t»islaiion, disoriminaliu^'
r^'jiin.'.l labour, .iiid in favour of Iho lantlloifl und capitalist. At tho time when
].. ;hanl Cobdon ln'g.nn hi" ciusado a:;:tiii>-l the Corn Laws il was tirmiy boliovisl by every
landlord that if thi>si> laws were rojualod, it tho people obfaine^l ohoap foo<l. if broad
Were a lmilfo<l froo into Kii;;land, the result w(>uld W the rui4i of ail wiio (armed and ownoil tho
soil. (A Vo:o« — *' What has thai ^ot to "<h< wiih (.'ana<ia ?") I am illiistratin!,' fmm Kiurliidi
hi-tloiy what would ha|>poii under a -imihii-JsyMiem in Cami-Ia ; I am rol'orrin;^- U> a state orihiiigs
li'Un wliirli We have happily oscapeil The lainil'rd, the j^tval lamlowiior, and tho tonan^ fiuiiior in
Kii^land woie aliko misiakon in thoir improssiontt (.>f wliat would occur after tho repeal of the
Coin Laws. Thoy IslievoiL that tiniversal disaster would .»V(>rtake the ai^iicnlfiiral interohlH.
Insloiui of that, wir, ft-oiM tlio time tiiose injuiioiis and utijiist laws wore repoaloil, Jiirriciilmre in
tfroai Hritain look a fresh start . new life w:i.-. infuse I inlotho pursiii! of %<;rioulluro ; iIum-o w^n-c
bolter impl-'inenls, lioilor hu-ibaiiliy, now manu-os - o\ t""ylhiiiK ]>osniblo wasdoiiotoinirea.se tho
pi-oduelivoiiesH <»f tho Miil. The result waM that the farmer pr<KJuce<l much more tiian over bofbre,
and instead of his-eommodilie" fallini^ in iirio»> thoy steatlily rose in v.alue until at the pre.-<ent
time in En^laml you will lia\o to pay at least a piieo twice aa larj^e for almost overytnin^ !»k
wa" paul wlioa Kichard ( 'oUlen w'lU" i^;ilriliiii( f<>v the re|»i»al of the ('orii Laws, exoopt cereals,
whioh art; moio subjeel to oompolitioii with Ibroi^n i;niin. Rents .ire nearly douhh- what thoy
weru at ihal puri(.>d in liiij^land. Insload, thorefore, of a repeal ol those protootivo law^ boin^' hii
injury, it h.n:- really Knotiled, not merely the w(u*l<ih/y; clu«.-»es and all who liavo to purchase tlioJi-
food, bui alfo tlio.'O who .aro immtsliately ititeresUnl jm th.; proprietors of hinds and the tonunls
ii|K)n those lands; uiiil at this nioinent we Imve the wonderful fact pivsentod to u» that lu* the
whole jiopulation ut Kn^flantl only (iftv yo:M-M !i;.;o l)oliovod that ilicir existeiioe tw a mititu; do
pendisi ujK)ii havin^^ Enj^land f )r Ihe fcii/^lishmon, so wo uow hoar some people sayinif that wo
must have Canada lor ilie C.aiijidinns. .Sir, the very moment that the proiov»,ioiiist laws were
repealed Ihe country took a bound forwanl. It inor<.>)i8««i in wealll al the nitlo of live or nix
im»>8 tluit at whioh it iucroiwod previously. (Hear and ohijorH.) Tho uidustriul claH.soH at
once reooived Iwtlor pay, tl>o thi-niei*» Iwfnmo more prfwpcpoiis, tho manufa'-turers h>c('amo
more woullliy, iiinl we Jiud tho inoMl ahiiiulaiil prnol' on every haivl <»!' iho mutoriiil
value nf dial hvkUmii of lugiHlatioii whicli w«* ailvoou'c in Canada iiiulur the nime
of u reveniiu larilf. We liavi* in tliirt countij at Ui« prenciil moment no idea of iiavin^ a HVrttem
of fr»«»' Ira^lu. No one luis over pnnKJsed that. What wc hivo pro|MiHC<l Ih to have a tiirill that
will raJMO a rov('nn«« hiiinciont for ihi' wantn of iho «>>untry, and not fur Hnylhini( tlac.
On lu'ai'ly idl arlich^H nutnntactnrtHl thoro in now an iiM|Mii't July which is ho hi^li tin 'o
In- ulniosl i»rott'c!i«»nisl, and any f'nrliicr impost wtudd rcsnil in a dct roasnl ivvcnuc. Hnl what
iho jtrolcctioniHt in piinciplo wunl.s \h. that we should not only pay :i tax to (ho Stat* for the
maintcnatico and cxtvution of thdm*-' hul wf hhould al-o |my a tax to J>«» put in the jMK.kctH of
either the a^iicnltiiriHt — ;f lie can i>e pi-ou-itt-d, which I don't iM'Iicvc lan he done — or of li "
nnuni(a<turer, if it id iio.>-Hil>le Ut protect him, lis a continuoiiH )M)liey, and 1 tthail t<how that thiH
it< uttmly impoHhiblc. viv may now com|mrc viii-y fairly the offtHrt of riv%tri<'tivc laws in the neigh-
. bouriiij; country with the cHeci ol'lhc tarifl' lawn in this country, that im, i'(;nipain ihc UniU-*! Stut'rt
H3Ntt'ni with tlic t'iinalian wyHtcm, and ftf how the rcsuils are worked out in tho jhm.h[>i;i ity or
advornity o! either eountry. TIk! ,»eople of tho United Slates are akin in ori(_'in to (mi'><elveH;
they are of the name IiIcmhI and the wunc laiij^uage; Ihey potwenH tlic Hame inventive power, the
name |[;eniuH for onduclin;; il.o (ioyernmcnt of a tree t(»untry ; the^- are a [M'ople whose marvel
loii" adaptation (■) cvuiythin^ that relates to hmnan proj^ress is nio.st marke<l. They imagine
themselves, iiidce<l. to he tar. homi of Britain and Hi^iiMh djbcndonejes in lliat respect. I do not
luimit that any superiority ol the kind helon^-s to tiiem (Hear, lioar. ) liut I do a>i^ert at once
that they arc on a fooling ot pertcct equality with us in that ])nrli< ular. (Hear, hear.) Thoy,
have the nnnie houndh-ss capacity, and are on a footing oi cipuility, to siy the leant, as t(t the
jneaiis of makinti lalx)ur pnxhu-tive, and Uic pcHlwiiioii of all ^reat natural re.sources which
should make a jjeople liappy and proHperou.s. They are not oppressed \iy any tyrant, and they
•% make their own laws. vVe are oppie.sbwi by no tyianl either, we meet lure as free men lo
distus.s the public atVaiis lA' a iuition. (Clicers.) We meet here lo eonsider tbouc great
principles which baxetor lheirol)jccr the groatesl amount of human liappiness, and for iheir
uiiimate result national yrandeur, or if the law« should be unjust, national failure. 1 propose lo
examine u few of the etiecte of the laws of the UnitinJ States, n» compare*! with the ofiect.«» '^^
Ciuiadian laws l>ea.rin<; upon human induhtry, and vonsennently upon human liappine.-^s. Those
who liave not studied I'niled Suit4.'*( polity or bislor\ tiiay not be awjire lliat the real prote' live
, era only 4-on»men(etl alter IHJO, tor many years Inlure thai country hud a purely revenue ta.itt".
Ucc«ai(»nally Imfore IbiJO ihe^' levied duties which partook largely of the natuit> of a protc' tiva
toiritf i but in 18(50, just about the time th.-il tiie war broke out, nianuriururei-a and otliers intoresled
in partieular specula\'ions suceeede<l to a ceriaiii extent in getting a hold upon the legislative
jMiwer and upuii the t)overnment of the country, anil ihe result of that was the enactment of
laws wiiieh lovietl diiti 's that were prohibitory in their char:tct*;r, as it was utterly imjtossible
for any foreign eountry to .send urlicies into the l'i\ile<l Stales which pei-sons in tho United States
were capable ot ju'oducing. The peo|»le of the United Suites wcic not, of course, aide to exclude
silk goods. <-ertain cjuaiities ot w )llen gooils and some oiher .iiticles whi<di, owing to climate or
other rea.sons, were beyona the power of even a piobibiiory tarilf to atlect. Now we jirojio.so to
show by actual lact* that it was impossible for tln'in to «lo two things at once in the manner that
, they til. night they could, tiial is, b^- means ol a prohibitory tariff lo supply tho entire homo inarlcc^
with all the manuia(ture<l articles re<jiiiictl, and at the ^:lnle time send goods to foreign coun-
tries to compete in their markets. What is said by some of our uianutacturcrs is this, "(»ivo us
eii'Ugh protection to geloni niamifactun.'s liiirly esiablished,and we will then be able to compote
; with toreignors and to maintain entire control of our home markers.'' Well, sir, let Uf look aith«
result of such a jKdicy in the Uniied States. After ten years of protection they succeeded •..
acquiring a pretty large anioun' of iniinufactuiing |)OWcr ;ind prodiieiiveness. By the eenbUs of
./Or, IhTO we leain that the goods maiiiilaciuicd in ib.^ I'liiti-d Stales amountwi in value to
<4,2'-!.J, 525.000. or about, in r..und numbers, *4,li."»0.(»00.tM((i. Tiiey had at this time arrived at h«
greau «l degree of ])rosperily which th«y ever enjo\e<l, and, from thenceforwani there was a
Bteady decline In ISTtJ the amount of their inanufactiinMl goods had fallen — that is, in f(>ur
years'— U) tho extent o\' $7.12.000,000. Ihe entire produi lion Iwiiig estimated at $3,500,000,000.
while the entire export of manufacture<l goods from theUnit«'<l Stales in 1876 was $09. .5 00,000, ns
nearly as |)ossilde on'v two per cent, ol the entire amount of their total protlnclion, showing that
they were utterly unaide lo compete in foreign markets with any (onsiderable staple manufacturei;
of Uie eouniry. Now lei an take one or two instances to illustrate the relative position of trade in
♦ be U.S. under diHereiil tai itt" systems. In IS"?*!, the entire prixluce of her iron manufacturefi wan,
as near :»» may be. $lO0.0(»0,o6o. Tho total exjiortM of that i>roduction amounti^ only to
$t)^8,»ir2, or eleven-sixteenth of one per cent, of the entire pi*r>duce of their maniilactures
and mout oi this amount evon wuh sent out at u Ums in consouuuuce of the <list2'Cc(f-oA
nuinura''turpr boing rorapollpd to roalizo. (Fonr, lioar, an<l oh««rp.) Thi* nlmwcvl
(li.nt iIh'V woio a(lc!ly um:iI»K) to ('oin|)<'to in thf marktiH ti( llif woilij \vitl> Knglicli and
iilier niinMi(arttiitv4, wlirt had im |)n)le<ti<tri wlial»ivt>f to MiMiain them. Lot um tnko a^ain tlio
wooli(Mi tnniiiUiu't nil's oftiu' Unit<(| Stntt«s Th»>y had a |irot('t'tii>ii ofhoinothin^ liUo (»i> imt <'»'nt.
ilnoiigli flu! jfn'ntor |M>rii<in of ilie noriol I'min I81IO to 18*6. Thi> total amonnlur ilii"
luce ill IH76 wa»* J 13 1,00(1,0(10, wliilr their «<xiK>rts utiiy ira.'lio'l I he fl^'iir.' o( Jl(;S5, H'JH. anil at
luir fvi"o-
iho Hamr limo th<'y were compellwl to admit wooll«<ii |>r««l ni- I'nun foiviu'ii couMtrioH that Ihoir
|irot«>fMon did riol niiahif them to niaiiiithcttin< tluMMfflvci lo tht' extent of 847.HT6.(I').'>. In 1^7'>
'ho D«iito'l .St*l«>-^ in iMiiCactiirerH ofiloihitiir inivio ulti»ijothef ;^ood>( to tlio valiui oC|1(»0,000,<m>0 ,
and thiy oxport<'d allo;j<)ih»»r $r)7'.),ft!)5 worlli, .>r almost oxa-tly onothird of <>iii» por i-eiit. of
ilioir tot il piiwliirt. To ncli a Htnte won' the maim'iu tui\'i-s of the Unite I Slates rodufod that
.li»;v w< 10 iitleily iin\hle lo xend a pirti^rle aim tst of thou* whole »r»lu'i to
I ipoif^ii (>oiinlri»>s, while Kii:,'land and other ei>iintri<'!H whieli had eithor ontiro Free ifj^kt *" n
Hevenno T-iritl', wore able to head their u<mx>s lo Artia, lo the WcHt liulion, to tho South Ameti<'nn
!;■ piiijlics, to Africa, to the K.u<t Indie-*, and t.» almost every eiviiizotl nation on the
^^IoIk), and <'omnIetely t-o whiit out llic Amerieun maiiiifiu'.nrer (ivinj tho trade of thu
world. Thoit) are come hol'ore 1110 who will also rememher the restrictive laws whicli at1e<'ti»d
1(10 rthipn (d'tJrcai Britain. At one time within the inomory of very many who an- nrecent l''ng-
iarii preveideil any foroii;n ships from lieiny l>mii;;lit into tho eounlry — iireveiifef any forei:;n
hlii|iM from ' arrying any jK)rtion ot tin* prtxliieo ^f (iieal Britain (•<•ils(wi^e. Tliere is no (J.mbt
tli.Tt wiienever a proteelivo system is ad<>j»t«'d it will tor a time increa-o the pr<)<liutions of a
Country — tho mamtfaeturtMl pivKlu'ts of a romidv, and in doini,' so will, if the x'nrees <d' revenue
arc not dritd up. indtic-e a soemim; prosperity — but f wish to ai'^ne this matter out, and I
think I hhall ho able to show yon that, althoui^h it will iner<ase t'lem foi a time, it is <tnly ulli-
maiely the cunse of terrible wioek and ruin amon^^sl the manid'aetnr(>rs who will have ho greatly
inererjsod the prodiulion (»f ihu eoiintry. In the Unitwl States*, when the i.-irilFof IS(!1 wa-^
ndoptcd, the onliro value of the,producls in manufaelnres was al)out IU6 per head ; luit in l!S70
in ton voni's of a protective system, the aniuial av^-nii^^e had increase*! to hIiohI $l'2S per head, or
vor}' nearly <loubIe of what it was in IStlO — althou^di a v.-ry * DnKiderabie part of that annual
"aino in 1A70 is to bo <leduel(Hl in order t*» (iiul tlie real ratio value of that day. The li-^i duiiI
uuon Amotiean nnmey at that time wa> .su<h as would rednec the averipe per capita from f 12S
h) as Ml' David Wells ( alculates. soniethiii^ between |!t(t aiul flOO per heaii ; still it was an
iin'iiense inere.a.se in the production of a lountry, and this »aine tendency lo manufacture is
alwiyH sure to increase mjii'li faster than tho ratio of increase ot |«)pul:ition. For inHtancy, in
187< iho number of col ton 8piniiL>s in the United States wivs 7,114 (MM), but in 1874 it had
iiici* wed to 0,4l.').;{8;5, or in the ratio of Xi per cent, duriiii; these four years, wliiie the po|iula-
ti'in I ud only incroa.-(*d II |K'r cent. You \\ ill ob'<ei've from llii* that tl»' niHiiufactuiVH <'\' the
ountiy were beiiit!; pro*lue(y| faster than llu-y <iiuM be consumcil. ami ihiis leadijux, a^ a mailer
el eour.'C. to one of Iwn ihings — to eomp<d the manufa<"tiireiH to find a iat'mir minlvrt, or iMt to
make so many /jo'mIs. They trieil to obtain a laiirer m.<irket. but they faiUsI, f<>r the reason that
it cost 8Cv much in the United Slates to produce what lh<\v weie makinj;. When they ship|>o<l
their iforxJs to otbor parts they were outsold by free tr.'i<le Kiiijland. and by otiier lets pidj^ies-
ftive countries, an<t the resiill whs that within a few years alterwaids I lie jinxiuiinjt ea[mcity of*
th(( UniltxJ States Ijogan netioii'*!}' to retrograde, as (ho manufacturers were conipell(«l. by w.mi
of H payin/u' inaf'ket, to ^u^^pend operuiions. Take th*? Slate *d" Pennsylvania .ilone, where
there was an unlimiled liel<l tor the proilintitMi of iron. Tlu-re were in tlial State in 1870 u>>i less
than 800 iron blast furna«4w in operation. Al the present lime more than one half of thef*- bhiHt
liiinaces are i<llo, and one iiunditsd inillii ns of ;';ipital sunk in ihat work i,s utterly iinproduffiVM.
(Hear, hear, and dieers.) This shows that tho protoifive sA-stem had bro- ght on such an over-
piodintion (hat it became the ruin *if' iho jirodueers. They tried t'l revei'se the lawn <>f natiira
and commercial intercourse by seekiii/j: to s*dl where (hev ret'usod to buy; they wore
.hip|)y lor a few years spend^inti the enormous sums liMrrow«>d lur the war, but the money and
the taise s\stem came to an eiitl t*»jrethcr. (lioar, hear.) And ho it would In- in
t'atiada if we were all willing to tax oui*Kelvos over and uIk)vo what wiw nocoHKary for revenue
purposes for the promotion of the intop'st of certuin manufacturers; wo would moiely "uccewi
:ii making a few manufacturei-s wealthy for a few years at the expense of the rest of the [teople,
and so many would rush into business that the makei*s would pnwlin'e more than could \n- sold.
It would Ite priKluco*! al .-•uch an enormou.'^ cost that they wouM U' unable to send any out of the
country, ami in such lart;e quantities that we would be unable to use it in tho country. In a short
time, therefore, raaiuiliictuierH would have (<> shut up their shops. Universal ruin to manufiK-turcrs
thcm.selves would be the inevTlable result <d" thus gorging the market by an unbeall by system of
proluction. Wo have here the fact, and I am now speaking from figures of an ofHcial character,
that while the pojmlation of tli© United States increaeed from thirty -<jne millions in 13H0 to forty-
fivo in!lli<)iiNi in 1R7fi, f'»r lh»» «ix(«'on yoar<« iiiclH-ivc n( a r»(o oPnlxnit 4<1 ;>or rent .the prfiliUMng
cHpucily, iiH 1 liavu ulmaily hIihwii, iiK'i't)<H*>il tlmiii^ tlK< sitinv |ii>i'i(N| in a niiu-h lar^or rutin. In
187<», altor (ificcu yrarn i>i' jiroU>tti(>ii, tho I'liiU'd StHU'« wcro no! uhlo to oxpurt ^i)0(1m fo n
ffii-uU'r cxioiit Uiitn in IHlid, witlnoU icyaiil l<» tlif itopiilalinn, und their cxpcirtulinn
n'lativoly <lofriniH«(tl in pnnKd'tion 1<> tliu populalioii. Tim i>x|xiit of rottou piort* ><;(uhU
ii IHGO Ainoiiiiiixl to nearly $1 l.OOO.ttoQ, hut in IB70, with a |iopiilatinn of ncaily n\\<'<^\\
niillioim riiorc, and with u pioU-iiivo syhtom whioh ih flaiiiM-d l»y our pl•ol«'^•lifMli^t
frieiiilH to h« tho nicaun of uniuhiu^ a '.•niuitry, they were onlv nl»lo to t-xTtort t»evon and ihjvp-
(|in«rlfr millicniM, an alwduto d«)r.i\aHe in tin' t'X|xir(ati<>n i>f((no of their staple iniiniifaetiuv-^of Sft
per erut., bcsidoH tho relative dcK'ioaMe as ennijiari'<l with llio inirmiM- of tl»''p>|'iil!ition. (Il*>ar,
hour.) N<»w, eonid uuy f;i«t he ui"io darnniuj; us to tho iidlnonre of a pmleelive M^>I"n1 \i|M)n tho
tn-udc of u Ooniitry T (Hear, hear.) (A Voieo — "That is not eau^ed hy proleetioiK") Well, I
(tan only hiiv that all thu |ioliticul ecoiMnuNtii mlinit it Ih cuiimmI by protect ion, (ellcvl'l^) I
ean only say thai il is cau^d l>y sonietliimj, an«l they have pruleeiiou there wliile
thei'o Im no protect ion in Fiogland. and no one )ji(flenus to as-niijii iiriy'oiliei' r«-a^on f >r the nn-
iirtjeedentcd lioprchsion in u protei (ed eountry. (A Voi«'e — " What hai5 i'nn> irade dope for uh?'"'
Vfo have never had free truile, and, llit-refure, you eannot tell what il has done f«>r
(jiinada. I have n'lisl liere ol nuiMnlmtnrtHl ^^imrIm (.\porle<l from the Uniti^l .Slalt«,s, iinlnwing
fonie c»f Iheii- priiKMpal slaplo.s, Kneli aHtohaeeo, ir.in.coiton jiitMo ^jjoihIm, dru;;-<. n\e<li'ine:<, wearinj^
apparel, gla».-, Iiuim, p.iper, prinlin. prt<nH, lyp«». aful many other thiii;;H, and wo (iiid that in |K<;0
there were tweiii^) -nine miilioris i;N|)orle<l ot thesr iweut\* or thirty articles in this list, and only
the name amount in ]87(>, iiolwithflnndin;.; tho increase m ]x)]>nlation. This mIiowh the rniiiciiH
etTect of a proieciive Cuitf. (Ilivir, he.ir. ) Now I an» no! pretendini; lor a nimnent to say that
it woidd he dc'^iral'le or poasihle ibr ns to have wh:il i:. known aa .i free iraile nysteni. Tho
(lovernmi.;iit, of wlocli I um a niendn-r, is accused of havin.:: a free trade policy, whereas the lact
in thai the nece.Hj.iliai of our revenue eomperiis to imiM^e a higher ilni} than was inijvii'efl hy the
fn-evious Ailinini^tration ; in other words, we have 17A per <otit. wlnin thiMato Admini trulion
iHil onl}' 15 per cent, (llcai-, hear.) I was ahout to sjicaU of tin' expurlalioii r»f eert.iin arii<deH
of i»oo<l-i t^> one iiUle .Stale in Sonih Ariu-rica, Vonezui'la, as an 'llu-<ration. In IS70 (he entire
imiK)rt and expnr; (rmle amounted to $;i,;;t.'i,0'lK(. The principal cx))ort.s from Venezuoia
eousint of coffee and raw hides. The I'ldted Slates had a larjfe duty uikiii both of those
articles, iiul in IS7'> Ihey adniitled cotVee free of tluiy into the I'nifed .Slates, and they
hiul hides free also, and tho result uas an inunedijUs increase in ihe trade in these articK'-'. In
187'» the inijiorls alone iVoin Venezeula were »»f tho value of 8r>,s!7n.(i(»t>, and the exjK»rts,
8H,4l.'4,(iii(>, or an inweave of '2(10 per cent. -UH compared wiili lS7t). Then in \^~'2 llurc was n
siill further proof of Ihe henofn iai elfeds of a leduclinn of duties from llie |)rotectioidst sianchird.
In ]S70 the enfiic lii|i|iin^' Irade with Vemzeiila, amounted lo tifleeii vessels of only 2,. 570 tcuis
caj)acity, and employing only lOlMiands. In IS7<>, alter oidy four years of comparu'ive free?
tiatle, the idii|>H liiini the l'nile<l Slates engaged in that traltie jimounte<l lo I,'l2, agiiinst 15 in
the jtroteefioidi'l time, willi l,'!t,lHlt( Ions as against 2..'>0I) in tiiesann' periinl, ;inii employing 1,'_'55
hands as iv^aiusl 10!). ,\nolher still nnu'c conelusi-.e argunn-nl, however, is to be Ibuiid in the
liguics it'laling to tin mannlUcture .ind tin export of .anneil leather. In 1.S72 hides were made
free, and in that year the entire e.\[iorls of iioinrd leather I'rom the United .*st«les amounted to
$2,8ni.(lii0, while in I S7(i, after loin- yearn of free trade in 'hiHom* article, ihev ha<l risen to
*7,9+l»j)t10, or very nearly J.S.OOO.OOl), as agninst |2.75IM»'"> fair years In-fore. Nothing e(»uM
show more cl.nrly than this tliu heneli" i:il elinis of removing ihe resli ictioii- fi-inn trade.
Now, sir, <nie o| (in' tests hy which we arc hound ;dways to giiage ilie prospciity oj' a country is
the amtjiiiiL of goo<ls which il is alil»! lo sell lo other count lie-, an well as tin, amount t>f giMwIs its
people are able to consume themselves. It is siippo.sitl, lor iiiHtanee, by man,i' that (Ireai liritain
lives enlirely by her tbieign trade, wlide the tnosi recent fin.incial siulboiilies in Ihitain
compute l\w entire protil of British prodm ors and c:ipit:ilisis at .tl. |0(t,l)ll(l,(K'() per annum — that
is, the protitrt arising lioin tho interest <lcrivetl fiom invesiments in i-ailuays and from foreign
bonds, as Well as tin! proliis of the manufaiiiiiors in the country, and goods which aie (.(nsUii!<Hl in '
it , in other words, the income of the country. Hut the enliie amount ol the lin-cign Irade — that i.s,
the export of goo Is to foreign p:irts — lasl \e;irwas only .i;2IK»,(lOO,0<Hl sterling, or exacily one-
seventli part of the whole, and that, ligure included gotnls s!iip]ied which ha<l been importc<l in a
raw state. Mr. ll.ixler estimates the raw material re eXjK)rted at about Ct5t>,()liO,IHKi
Now, sir, the IJnitwi States exporUition in 1^75-1) altogether of domestic produce \vnn
$525,5S2,247 gold worth, or an average ;«/• iiijiifit ol Sl;5.Slt. Canada exported during that same
year, with less thnn an eleventh of their ]M)pulali(>n, $72,4!*1,4;»7 worth, or an iiveragc rate ol
$18.48 per hejul, against $13.Sl> per head in the Unitetl hjlates. (Cheers.) And to .show that
this wa« not at all an oxeojdional ywir, let us take the next year, viz., 1S7G-7,, when the exjtorlH
from Can:Kla had bomewhut deereased, and the exports fi-om the United .States hud t<umewhal
nil!i<'Mir»M<>t Sfi
liin«<:ii'f<l, In conl•oq^U'nc^ fif flioir iiKlo!)((Mlnr<«i« in foreign foimtrio-. A liii/ro itmoniit of KkpoiM?*
iii>i alwayi* a triio iiM*tii4iu'«' nt' tlio pr»-<|M'ritv •>• «* mnnlrv ; «>» iIm' coiiliMrv, ii may
a truf iiidifauoii <>| ilr< ctiiiiiimMuil 'linlivitH. A rHrni«*r wiiu in ilm<ply in iJuM in
kiitMi iiiidi'f the iioVHtiii V of |tn)viiiinf{ ibi* dial dolit l>.v Nullini; more ^^^ hU*->t(M-k liiaii lio tan wull
I wilh. :iii<i to tliatixiunt lii> liiniiniHini* th*> (inHluclivo jMiWi^r ol'liiii f'at-n)*, fur nmiant-f, il lio
li t » In iii> V. itii tivo liiiiv.'-. vvlial III' ri>4|nirt>M nix lo tin {ir()|M'ily. in onli'i' (liiti in- may xoil liiv
}i\'b IM pay iiit*iv-t <u\ n <lclit, lit' iniiitHl sIiowh n i;i«):i'cr Hnioiiitt ol .«ai«)M in iIid Vimii', liiti il i . Ml
III' I'xponM' tif his prt>'>iit'rity. Wtjil. hir, tin' rnilfl .">ihI>h tlnriii!^ liio yt-ur I'liilin/.' •Iiini- MO,
KtT. fxporiwl ofiitniifsUf pnMlufiD.hn ;fiil(i valiif, 8.')h'.),t!20/^:i!4 wmili, tn' at an avi'iajri' \ty;r In'inl
}l »l2.t>5; ('unntla t'Xihuiitl duiiiiu; lliai yt-ar — anti ym all ivnifinl'ti- llial lln« year lfJ7(!-7 waw
;.M' of MJ'isf unt'xan>|ili'<i tlo|)lv^^il^n, uiifxaniiilitt at li-a^l "iiiff lln- yar l-'^S? — lln* vtiry wta-Ht
f.ir wi' liaii — 1»« llio aiiKMint <»r8i)S,o;jO..'i4l!, or an uvvrai;u tt\ 9n.H0 \mv h -tui, boiin; in vxvtum nt
1(1 Unitivl States <>Np(iri.H at ilu' niif nt i't.Vi p«'r lu-ad. (C.'liei'i'w. ) (A vt»ic»»- * ll<i\v iniu'li did
lvi> l)uy?"') Wtt Ixiiijflii nolliini; ut« liavi- iidi li.eii alilc l<» pay lor. ( flt-ar. liw»r.) 1 liavo a laMt^
• nliMwin^f llio fiilirt' t'SpM-ts of inaniitaiiiiitcl umnh fnun llitj^'ai IMi<» tt> llif yt-ju |,s7(i iKmi
J!:.' IJnilotl StutoH. riu'v t'xjMiiit'tl in lltiil y.u", w|ii«n ihoy liHti'tiiiiy a n'V.tni« (anil sui-ii n-i mv
|i:)vu now — that io in 1><(>0 — witli a |)<>pnlati(tii of little ovit ihiri3-<uiiu niiilioiiH, $riltij42^t2^>. or ua
: ;u Iv n.* po.->»il>lu 9Hi per hoad Now. it wan a.->-<«"'tiMl t iiat willi pnt.fi'iiijn u> <)nal>l< ni:ii|^tai-iiir< I'm
'> . lompli-tn a ct)ni|tlftc f^tal>li-<lini<tnt tilrlicii' lMl^inl'•.^. tint pr<^ln<'lioii t>l' ilic t-oiinti-y wmild Ui
• iiifioMHt'd that liu'V wonlil Iw Hl)lf to llooti rnri'ii,'n markelH willi iIump pi'otliifti Wfll, nir, wliai
.iiH tlif rt'snli .' In lh7», alii'r tt;ii yoar-^ ot a prt»itiii<ui |>ui-it)<l, iliu ux|><MiH oi inaiiiita(Miirt)<l
.ajs luui tiiicroaMxi tt> 97.<>7 per iuiad, so that Hf pi-olii-lioii advaiioo*! th<M'X|H)ft« oi ^iknIs
ii't'K'Usrd. and it wan oidy atlcr 1S7I. wiion a s«M'iou>, and continiioiir' Hta.riiation of bn^^itu-s^ tt'i
I, aiiU lli« uuiniiliuiiut'.-. ot tlii« L iiiloi Sialew wi;rt' tunipfllod to st-ll at any priiio- wlin-li tixiltl
It^ .•oaiiztvi — wlii'ii thuy Wfif oonipt'll««<l to ^^•ll in twioi- to pay tlifir tlt'lits and prevoiit ilioir maii-
11:11 ttjtitw iiTitt niillH hoinir fin't 'i|) — llii't llit'it* waM a Nli^lii lal'y in llio ratio i>t i lie t>xpori of
jviiiiil'acliiittl j<o<hU. AikI ovtMi in lH7<i, wlun tln-y wtin; Munnni; ircKxIc iiit>) tiiiH coniitrN' and
Jul t oilier ftnintrit?.-* at jiricfs far ln'iow ilii'ir valm*, li only ivin In-*! SI l.liO , wliilt* in liw ('aiimlii
lp ;h.it ha mo year wi' »<xtfi'dtMl ilu'in liy S'J.^^ pt-r lit-ad. (Clietir.-.; Jin I uu nt»t lorf^vi iliai 1
):<! addrc'twin^ wurlciuicmon. i do not liirt^el that I liav<> rii«Mi to the |K>Miion I now oix'upy tioin
• uinkt* tif tliu workiii;r|iinn. 1 liavi> dmu* my full Hhavv tit tlic I aril work of tins worlil.
I Mt'is ) Hut I would 1)0 .•'orry indt-ftl to >.'(• anjoiiy-'l my lellow-e-oiinirvmuii •<ii It an alt^i-ine
I .l.nii/^rlil ami inttjlliu't'ni'e a> would irdi ri> ilit'tn lo ;■ fpl a ^y^I<•rn wli. li ••ciild oidy ro-idt in
. /'^aiy and KM'tdom. (( 'LctirH, ) Wliattloi-.s it mailer i<> you workiiuiUfn \\ iietlior you aie in miIi-
• ;nm to~(W)mt> tyrant who iIoIpm oim to you what In- piea>.eM hm wa^ts, or wi.etliei' you wrt' nndttr
• lyranny of law-* wlii'-li pit'soiit you I'liyimr wlit'if you |)ltvi-><' and M'IIi?ii{ wl)"i-t* yuu liive'i*
■ ''<'"'i>..) Tluii is lilt' |)oiiii we liavo to cntnt' \o. What w.u* ilu^ fMndi|,ion of ihc woflliiifxnK'.n
iiiiiiff llii« peiitHl oi wliic-h I liavt> wlriven to j^ivo you a l>rief lii-tory, iilii^ti-iitetl hy ti^iiion
|\ iiivh tannot Lkj t-t)ntrovt'rttvJ '{ iSii-, the workinj;niau .- wutros undoulitttily io^n, and takinir ilie
l^i'niire waires of alniut twenty f|iu<st?s of itrtistins, onihrat-in^ all »m/;.-ij.'t'<l in the huildin^
[i i.ir, and all en^:ii^ed in the h-adiiijr niHiifaftnri's, thf. wa^cM rose alioul IfU per i-eut.
•■'Ill l^^•!0 lo 187"{; that, i.s, the nun who »\afl ^'eltii'i; a dollar in IMlJO iti the
iiittvl Slalob daily wa^^es. was ijotiinK H t»U ft day in IS7.;. Ii'ow. nir, this liut
Miply ^lated would Mit^m to hear out thts )H0|K) ition that pndi'Ctini is i)«rieti(>iii| to the
In'Oiiriiiir inuii. Hut, >-\r, with tlin rate of wair«?s the piice <d" maierials ri>se in a -till iii^^ior
•;ii' f Hoar, hear) Ilonta ros« in a siill iiiirlusr la'.o; everyihiiiif thnt ir wa-> in'<-<'>t>ai-y for
" wiirkin^man to hav* — o\ei-,vlhin<; thai was conducive to his health and livtlihoo I — ro>e in
pfop'iftion tif !>- per eont. nn ayaiust the UO per eenl . that wuijes rose. ( Hear, hear. ) It thaw
' lualler to ytai or nie \\hi'lht'i- 'Mir WHgps are mlollnr or a shillinf^, if tla- pfice of coitiniivdiiiert
• ' -i|)onil. Why, sir. 151) years .ii;,! a sinliinir wonid ^'o further in Kui^land than two will now,
^nd ii'it took 81 H2 to Imywhai oiiiy $\ tiO was j/iven to pinrlia.se. lh<- lalmmiiit,' iiinn.asyMU will
■e. was hi 4'sT'J ''-'^ per veiii. worse ntllhaii he was hefore the prorct-tion era loiuineiiced. liul
iiMi i(4 the Htate of muttera now? From 1870 down to 1S77 ilioie haa l»eoii a Htemly deelinaliiie
\' ;iijes in the Unilcd States, and nt this moment the Ignited Slates lahoiiier an I artisan ^cIh
- waj^es than the Canadian !ahourt-r and arti>a:i — jH>-iiively less in am iiiiit, and very (kr letw
'I :iie purel)asiii<' power of that unioiint. if you de.-ire to protect a jiariicular inilustry, you
iiisi. either pit»let-l all other indMstiics at the same time, or you take a Courf-e uujiisi lo the ptjo-
le; ami, if you protect all imliistries alike, that im^ans raising priees univer>ally, but not niakin><
iie ]>t>i>j,K. om> whit hetter. If. lor instance, I have logo to tlie huleher and May iiim 15 eeiit.s
t -.vhai I l»<ni<rht liel<>fe for ten, what d oen it henelit me if my w.;ijeH a. .".t:. cents an hour
lire? UejX'nd iijion it, the be»t policy for any country in oiid under which you
; -0 Him[>!y the amount of taxes that is ncopHs.'iry to tarry on the ntl'atr!* of the
'..lie; not ono whitjh ret^uires the oomiminity lo pay taxes lo any member of it, but one whu-h
nmktvH ())«> lotintrv nn clionp n coiinii^' iix you i-iiri liv« in. CHoar, lioar.) For it in whore tbero
in H <'hoii|i livi'liliMtxl t°Mi' tlio w<irkin(;ihHii tliiit tJio woriiiii/fmiin ih llic iiii»xt pi-i>H|Mtroai«. Mir,
(Im'Ho K<<n(li>incn h|><<iik Inmily hImxiI itiiitorting <>ui iii*liiMlrioH Wlml (Iih'm prot<H-(in^ our
iiiiliiHlrii^M iii(*Hn y Thoy tiilk. Nir. iiImxiI Umii;^ iIk' triomlrt •>! ilic woiUintfnmn ihoso who nr*'
ibuH oiainoiii'iii;^ In i[v\ yon lo nut your lucks in iho 'ii(hh««>, iiml to iifcopt it itoiity wliich wonlil
\>v> ult«frl\ fulal to yonv hn|)|iiii«vfM aixi pviwiMirily, uixl to Ihtt wi-iniri' uimI piimperity of lii«>
iwuiilr>', o| whi<'li rvfi'v workinmniut it* ik uiiii. (Clict'iH ) Now, hIi-, !t't hh Ijik" it i^Ihiu'm hi
tht< ctrfct (>*' ovt'ii llii> t'MMliiii; tai'iti tiiMUi tlif |)i'<Hlu<'lioii>4 o| tho rountry. Y<iu arti uwaro tlitil
)kii)Ih ami Hh<Mw are uukIo i^xIriiHJvolv m (!:iriuila, iimi you :iic itl^xi awaic tlial tliu dulv iipoii tluit
artii-h' In 17^ fMir cnit So lar art \v« an iiIiIk Io uII, ihocoiisiiH of |H7I |i«>iiii; lakiMi a-< lh«< aullio
rity, tlit>valiU! of ih«.< InhiIm and shoos mitiiurat'tui(Ml''iM Cnnailn in lH7lt wu-* I Itj, !.'<.'{, «i:{H. Now
HIV. in IJ'TH-? lh«'ro woro ini|M>;'i«'<l inin Ciuiiuia Mltoj^ftluM' ••f tHwiti* ami ,>iho«'>« i>\' wviv hind onlv
$.'102S,<>71 worMi. or I<-.hn than tho Iif1ii<ih pari of tho total nnMiula«'lut'i> oj iho i-ounlr). Mm
ihcii wo actiiuliy oxporUsi from Iho counti) in that year Sl'-">.7n^ worth nl' InmiIm tii.d hhoon, loiiv.
in;i « ditt'i'rurK'v ormily llll.'t.lMII liolwoon our iinporlH and t'Np'U'lM ol' llial arlii lt>. Now, how
inuub is tliin do you think, iiinon*; th«> cnliri' |>opiilaiion ot tiu- country ? It in ihc inorohl iMtMii-
l>l« fraction, or o\ucl|y two n'iil> and f<ixly-liv«i hundrtoitliH of n ci'iil |K'r In ad Mfcar,
liutr.) ThiMi wo will take tln< .-irlirU' of huUH«diold furmluro— an I I ff<-l pailitulary iniir
OHlod in that itt^ni in tho City of Toronto, b* caiu^i a wtdl-knownohi friiMid <d'n)in«>, a ni.inuiactiirt'r
<»f lurnituro. in now in iho tiold U'* a |>oliti>'al iandi<lato, and I am Huro that Mr. liay will ^ivc uw
rrndit for .«inci'rity ninn I Nlnio that I would U* Horry to ->ay ono wiuij which would jitr iijxin \\\n
h'olin;^ in Mpcaliink; of any maitcr all'octin;; tho poliiicul |N>.-<iiion of hmisidf or IiIh friends.
Iliil, I'ir, wi) cannot .shut our cyo« to llu' fad that Mr. Hay ha-, hccu a nioHt pros-
porous nnuiulacturot', and ho in not lUHhaniod to a-<k ns to pay him inoro. Wo
find ihut tho o.diro pi'MJiict of Iho ciuiriry in tho yoar 1S70— an I it has very much in
crciiMt'<' .sitc■^^-T-i^ put at soini'lhimr over SIJ.aiK*, 000 infurnilnrc; and the ini|Hiriii of t'urniturc
for lant y<«ar aiMciinlcd to jjlJS,'l.!>SO, whiU' wc e.xportcd fit;!, !><•«> worlh. leaving a total
difltMiMico iMdwt^i'ii oiii <-\porl,s «ij fui niiuio an<l our import'- ol |140,:{H4- -or jw ntMir an jxisMihlc .'{.J
cents j.er head. ^^Iir;ir. iiciir.) And yet, hir. Mr. Hay a-^ulneH that we aro ruiniiii; IiIh Ihim
new, iKVauKvi we don'l : ive him more than 17A |m reinl. of pi-olecfion. Kor every dollarV woith
(»( iroods ihal he ni:inufaclur«v« the cnunliy pays him 17\ «'onts ju'cminm, and yet lie warilH more,
nlthouuh the eurire cotiMuniplion of the «'ounliy Ih almost wholly mannfnclnrod in Cantvlu. No
nuilter Nvhalduly may he inipo.se<l, ^|M'cial ariitdcK will always l>e imported for |«o'ticul ir n>iw. liOt
iih consider other hran< lies -the slove trado, for in.stanrr. • Any of you who l:now who the
Hlovi-makerH of ( 'aM;i"l;i are. any of you who ehoi).«,e to vi^il tlu" MWt i-lahlishnu-nu of Mi- (Jui'im-v
nnd othor manulactiiurs, will he i-low to helieve liint lhe\ are purhuin;? a very ruinous Iraih
1 roeollwl that, in 1H74. when the larifl' wan rovi.sod, having repculAHl inU'rview.s with many o|
thoHe inanafaetnreiH. 'Ph<<y wanted a hii^hei- ilnty to save tlMin^clves ihe trituhle of appl\ wiu'
iIkmi- hrains to linil out means o| ini[>rovinL; the ncieliinerv lor ihe carryin;; on of their ni.'tiiiit n-
lories, and they wished foi' ]>roleciion to iMialile ihem to ■.rod out what woidd hv an inlciior
article at an incroii-ed cost lu the people. Now. 1 say that the position of Mr. liny and N!r
iturney. and. troneraliy speakintr, of the nianufiiciurers of the «oiintry is luit one of isolation from
prolit. When 1 find lliat men wfio conimeTiiod lii'e much loss (li:in half a •-entury ;iiro now romit
their ;;ains and their properties hy hundreds ot thous.inds, I ;ini .slow to hclievt- that the fiusire.is
that, tliey have l>e«'n following is ji ruinous one. ( Hear. hear, and ilieeiis. ) With regard i.' I he
munulaclure of IkmiU and shois, i ii.nve ihe wonl of some of the manufacturers of those arli<.'««v
that they do not want any more protection, so tiuit Iradiinr dishonest p<ililiciansare only usin^ih,'
names of these lOHiiiila'-iurers inidci :i lalse i(>sunipiion (\ oice ; "' Not a hit ! " ) i am aw)»ic llo't,
some lar>;e maiMiliiclureis have, wiilon ihi* last l'"W yt-ars, failed in hnsint'ss, hiii lheydi«l n(»t fail
hecaiiso their projier hiisinesH wiw no| payin;;. If Ihe manutai.'turer invents in rt-al estate when
It is at 81 a foot, and has |o sell if aHerwards at lifiy or si.\ty «-cnts a f<M>t, aii<l fails in ids lioot
and shoe trad" in riiiisei|uence, his failure is not to 1h> allrihuti><l lo the ditti<Milnes snrioun.linij
his inanufactiirinL; Iradi', hut to nei^leelinir his own line of luisiness to tollow one he knows
nolJiin^i; aUail. I am speaUinir. sir, with the Uno\vled^';u^>f individuals , 1 kn^w the facl.'i, atid I
t'ould put my tin.i^ers upon tiie names of j^entlenion who.^e e::periencoH 1 liavo jnst indi'-ated.
Then' is not at this moment a hoot aidl s|ioc niakoi who will !»<• ahle to show lo the counlry — it
IH im|M)ssihle to show it — that he is not well ]iaid i'or his capital, it caniiol heolli'MwiKe, h •e;iiMo
out oi' the catirc; eoiisumj)ti'in uf tin* counlry in I'oolsand shofs we don'l ini|H)rt more than onctift '■
thini, i>r one lifly-tiairlh part, jiikI (hat slu-ws ihal they arealdo to derivu protii from ilicir husi-
ncHH. i do not at all mean to say that it would not. he possihle to emc-t laws to make us puy
more Idi' our hoois and shotis than wc are payinij now, and to mnke the riuumfaeturers of I. »>|s
aud uhoort better oil'; tiiat coiiM easily he <loiic, hut it would merely heiietii the ninnulaclurur,
beiog at tho «ame lime a heavy tax upon all the rout of the people, though uhiii«itoly aiu'e t<>
|>l' iHolnlion trnin
:llC<> HOW rnimf
>)' llioHo arli4.'"s
|l iitii iiwiti't' tlxM;
flicy<li(l not fail
I'jii i»Mialt> 'vlion
UIIm ill Ills li<ii>t
los MIITOIHulillli;
Iv (iiu> In' know. -I
lllic thct.'t, ti!ul I
Just iiidraliMl.
lit' loiinUy — it
■"IwIro, h 'cajHO
|<' (hull oiK'fit't f^-
lioiii liit'ir i>ii.si-
|tiir<'iN oC li >ots
iiinmiliicliirei,
?«>Miih in injury to tliu rnnntithctinnrti. Tnk<> itnolli«>i- ilhioiralion Von liavo lirnKi ofidc ruitioim
. rtWtfi utn nroti'Olivi' policy ii|m>ii tli«< cotton inillH ot'tlic ('nit«<4l HliiicH In 1H74 a, tlio tiifit your
of our nxlHtintf tHrilT, tltc entire ini|H)i-tiiiioii of McaclictI aii<l iiiiliiciw Ik'«1 coUon« into ("luiiMiit \^ii^
*" 'tft:^,47& . •iiii'in^ thi* lant linaiicial year tlic cnlirc inipoi luliitii ol the Hiiru*' cIuhh wI^immU wttx
]> I ,i4UH.H6 1 . No« , I lia|i|N-ri to Know that nianiiliK'ttir*>i> ot coMori am nl>l< to ni;iko a lair piotit
a U'llor |tro(tt thnM iiiHnntacliirciH of many othti Uin<l^ ot ^immIh in llic iountiv nl the iucmiiI
< lommil. Ilwo in a priMd'ofil — Our wholchiilc ilcalci>. have \hh'u able to pllI•chH^e in the homo
luuiket cheninr Itia'i ihcy ronM ini|*oti. ami |t»y s«'\cntecn Mnd ahull' )entH |HT<1ollar itiily in
.I'lilitiuii. Tnis hhowH TiLtt them' niunul'a<*tiiioir< have a tHir ite^n'O of pio- |K'riiy. It may Ihi
<>iiito true tliMl it woiilii |i(t (jcHiralle to nee tliein and all otln'r t'ltiAHCM in the country inajte a
lettpr pri>flt than th«>y.havv hcen alilc to do, hut -o Ion;; an ihoy roup h rra'>onal)lo prolit in liineN
il ji(enoral Iraile (U>pro*«ion no otii> hai* fair ;.'ronnil-» of CMnipluint. Now. th< entire importation
<>t cnttim ^<kn1h in l''^7rr> wan a shtiile iinilei tlD.IM^'t.OOU while the entire im|i«)r(a(ioii in 1^77
\ ;»• only a Nh««ht over $7,7r»0,(liMt, or a tleerein t oC iimrly lli,'irM>.(H)ii In inoht ea»»eM when
niiUiiitiU'liireiH ot'iollon or w<Millt<n pxHlr* have ^otii' iimlor, it in iKiaiim' tlii\\ havo not (-oniiiieitMt
ilieir hiii'im'MN properly, lM>eiiiir«< there lian hi>i>n an aticinpt made hy itoniv of ihu tnuniilaclnrerH
t" run on nevi'ral irncH of f;<MMls at the ^amc time in^letid of jfivin.^ their iitteiiiion to one. W«>
know llia< TiBny manii(a<itiii-ers who have failed in the eoiintry have tiiade hlnndui*!* iN>th a-^ lo
'n'ii motive power anil the hwatioiiol' their \\oil»«, and in many olherie-<|H'cih which we liav(< not
I, I lie tot'onrider, lilmiders wiiieh !>iic.ee<stil! iiiannlMettirecM eheii|H' , l«nt wecaiin<>l we Utuii-ie |H>op|o
\ -se lln^^llcc^•^*^t'lli ill CHMit'ii:; or huatiiii; their manul'aeioi Icm. or m eondintiiiij them afterwanln,
ihat the counii'V i» Uaind to pay for their want of Hkill, or their |K>i.-i.->lence in piiiHtiin^
;i (oiirse in cmnnn inin;; their worl.K which every pia< lie d man would (caidcmn. (Hear, hear.)
(A Voice — 'What proportion ol cotton cuiiie from the Unite*! SlJileK?") I caniir»t, t4il|
exactly where il wa~* imporlel fi-om. hut that in of no con!te<|iieiico. Tlmre i» one <-laMi
of colloii ^oinIk im|M>i'ted from Knixhiiid. aiiolhnr i'roni the I'mtoil SlaleH, and nix ther
ciasH i« manuliu'fuicd chietly in t'aniida. Von will find that foreii^n maiiulacliireis of cotton
tjoodH priwliicc a kind of'aiiieic which it will ii"! pay om- own people to luakc. Im-i ;in-.«( »hey ivould
havn to s|mmk1 iIui surno amount of Inhoiir on an inferior cI»mh of ^ooiIh that they now uxp'itid on
Mip<'rior ^fi/uls. 1 meridy ;rive the result o' theliiili' in \in lieali'-n of the ixisiiion I have taken
— that the tnrilT we Irive ik a vry reuMonaMf lantF lor all inanufiwiiireH and a Mtmewhat onurouH
one in the prices whici ii invcdvcs to all liio '•oii^nmcrH. It caniiot he denie I that if eonf*umers
olihiH country pay I7i k'hIk for every iloiiai'.^i worth they |)iir<'liii^<v th»'\' pay very hi>;h indeeil
I', tho |»rolt'rlion to the maiiufacimer of evorv xiiifjie cIjwh of ^fKxI.'* in this country. (Hear,
l.ear. ) Now. ^ir, I may .h.-iv that if tlio United Siatei is to he lid^i-n aH a fair exarapl'of a <uuntry
laving II |in»tective ^yHfem—and il muM he, tor it is (he only iMifrli^h -jK-akinir country in tho
vortd — tho only country, I may hay, of any kind which iia> dt'liherately .-itiopted a^ a matter of
, I iiiciple a pr(»le<live farilf (he result im iho <U;sir,iciioii of iheir mamifa< tiiicM, the <io>ini; of
• lii'ii millh, indeed the tiiilure ol" many of their nianufacturer'* Hut il is saifl • Ii«iok at the num-
I .r of failures in Canada." ( 'ailnda niic-t, no docht, suflo; in common with all connlries at a iimo
u tien triido is .severeU deiiresse*! over the whole World, hut during the first fjiiarli-r of the present
' .ar the fhilurcH in tht^ UniK-tl Slalen were |i84.(lO0,(»(H» im n^ainst 8'i!'.0(Hi.0n(| it, I>I7»; , whilo
wo. had of failures ditrintr the la.st three months, nine millions n^aiiisi 7A millions in |s7(i —
siiowint: the piffpiu'tion of failures with the I'nitel States was at least «h lar^'o aH
'i\e pro|>orli '11 of liiiliiics in ('.-inada Now il is slated on th«' other haii<l that tho
rnited Slates manutaclurei-s are. to a t^ieai extent, dependent upon fijioi^n capitjii,
mil fhat their failures uro caused hy a luek of capit^ii in the eountry. ThiH is a
;:f«ut mistake, and if is shown to he a mistake hy this fact — that you » an jiet money in Now
Vork at tlr«' })reseiil time iipnn jjood secniity at three tii live pci- cent., and we know thai tJie
ITnited Slates have within the l;ist nim^ month' sold fu their own eitiz.'iis nearly l(M(.Oll(t,IMM( of
londs whiili only yield an in.. Test of four per cent The fact is that the inter I'adure of tho
maimfui'tureh of the counlrv l<i jjjiy dividemls lo tlioir stookholdorH has induoeii the capitalisfN
•I' ihiit counlrv to wilhhohl Ihe ahiin lani eapittil which they |)os.sesH from invostmont in that
way; and ihey are investiny; it in any way which will hrini^ to them a reasonahlo amoimt of
iiiteiei<t. coinhiiied with ahsoliite He('U,rily against \<-<it. Now. hir, !ot us hnik at the
">tal imports am' ex|MtrtH of ditferoi:t claHs<»s of ;.'oo<Ih into (his country. Takinjj the
j'KxIuets of tho mine, wo iiad in 1877 u total ini^iortation of $4.-t><7.(>i><'^ hikI an o.\|tortation
■«t' |:{,finH,n58. of the importation of j)rodinis of the mine, the chief item— the item
which comprises almo.st the whole anioiint^ — was cotil. The im|)<>rtation wa8 972, (!!•'! (ruiH,
with a valuation of g.'i.flddjiMHi. Now. 1 W(»iild like to know fi\>m my friend, Mr. Hay, if
lie is favourable to a lax ii|k'ii coal — (Hear, hoar) — if he l)clieveH. or if any one U'lievcs, that,
.1 i.'tx ii|)on Uie coal wliieh we use lo li^lit our household fires, to k«H>p uu.r munufacl4»rie4 ptint;,
and ruD our rail ways and Hteamcnn, is likely to benefit tho indu8trie« of tiiB country? ("No,
10
!ij
M!
(
no.") Tn addition to this, it is known that ronl is ft ]>rime Tipcc-fasily for our aront nuIwHys,
tli(M'<Jiy fiicilitiitini; :itid cliPapcninir llu- tnut.-jiort of ilio prn<liiciioiiK ot tlio coiintiv from the
,in<orif>r to llu' -(■.•il'o.-iiil, :i/id il would. lliei*<'l'>i«', in tliin vn>*v, ho oiio <;(' tlio most sorion.^ iiiist;ik<'«
thai could bf made to ta:c I his mineral i>i-o<ln<'i. Xo, sir, it is not conlondiHi that it would licsietd
the couiilry, and no Ministry that evoi- lives will tiare to impo.««e a t*x upon one of the tirst
lU'trssaiios of lij'c. (()i(':it <Ii«'i>iinLr ) j\noihi'r |>riniMi»a! itom is iliat of sail. Of lli.-il artiflo
wo iniporU'd l;isl your thi.'i> millions oi Imshols. Now wo have vast dcpfi.-its f^f salt in (.'aiiada,
and it would no ilouht l>o VKsin-ticial to the Ontario ^aIt pi-oducors to nrohihit tho
imporiation of salt, whith comcH to the Maritime i'roviiuvs almost enfindy from
Kn-iliind. ihit, on ilie oHkt hand, to do this would be to deprive f)Ui' fishermen of the
Mi<>iin>< of elieiiply proervini; the priHhirt of their industry; and wlien I s:iy that our e\-
iM'rfi-i of lisii last yeiO' amoiiiittxl to 8."),S74..'jlI0. yon will see that to impose su(d> a duty as would
pn-vont the import of salt wotdd only be ruininir one interest by promotinpf another interest.
Salt, with oitr fitdiermen and meat eurers, is a raw matci'ial. Of products of the forest there
were im)»nneil info Canada last year $1.H2H,07S worth, and wo exported to the amount ol
8li.'V''>'"'-'»^"- l>oes anyone helieve — eaii ;i;iyone in his senses i>elii>ve — that we conld ral-e (he
j)rii'e of Inml'er to the liiinl>er dealer hj* imposinir a duly upon an nrtiole that we praciiiallv do
not import at all ? (what is imported is in (-pecial qualilies. sueli as walnut and mahogany to
Mr. liohert Ifay, and some (■f)mmon lumher for the eonvenionce of locpli'ies near the frontier
h.ivintf none of th'^ir own.) The thinsr would be impos^iide. Then let us take aninials
and their produce. Of tliose wo imjjortcd last ye'\r, to the amount, altot^eilur, of alxtrtt.
siix million.-, and arhalf in round numbers, whde we exported lifteen and adiall' millions, showini;
that we were able to export two and n-half tiinc.^ tho amount we imported, and showing; also
that ainio-l ' our whole imports of animal.^ and their produets wore merelv broutrht into tho
eountr^v ti)r Ilie sake of re-eNpoi'tafioii at the other C'ld of the eountry; and io I'M you see how
ludicrous is the proposal to put a protective «Iuty on animals and theii- produetn, I have but to
mention that while th<Me were ex]>orted 150.573 s^heep last year from Ontario to th<! Uinte<l
Slates, we only imported seven sheep allOLrei her from vhnt oountiy. (L!iuf:;liter ) Arid yet li.c
protectionist wmiiIs to lax tlu'^•e seven plieep to as trroat an ex-tent as the .Vnu'ricans tax our 15(»
and o<hl thousands. ([/lUiihter. ) This in the w:i\- they propose that we should enrich our.elves.
Of apMcultund products, that is, strain and bveadntufis ■xeiivirally, we imported last year — and
everv<tiie will remember that was a very ba.l year, that it was one of the worst years we ever
had — sixteen millions Mini a half in lound iiumbors of dollars worth. Rut then we exported of
t!iera. even in that btiil year. in,t)IK).ltt10j- dollai-s wort', in nuniil nundtei-s, showing- that il would
bo impohsible by any tax to <;ive the farmer a larger price lor his luoduce than he iu)W
i-eeeives. LetuH assume for a moment that by taxincc foreiijn ijrain or flour wo could keep it out
ot' this<'onn(ry, is il possible, that the workiuLC'ni'U of Toiimio would ask us to tax the bread thev
eat? ("No. no.') Yet, sir. tii.it is ex'aetly what the lesulers of the t"ons<<rvative l»arty aie a.-^kintj
UH io do. They say that if Hour was taxed it wouM raise tiio ]>riee to tho miller, but if it, di<l
raise the price il w<»uld in- done at the expense of the prior nnin who has to purchase it. (Ibai,
heal.) Sir John Macdonald slated in his speech in the Hastorn Townships that if we liappened
i) hn\e a deficient bai"ve>it our own pr-tdueers >hou(l re:ip the advantaiio of such prices as could
be im|iosetl by the hjvyini;- of a duly «>n foreign breadstutf^. That is, that our buyers of l)re.ad
shouiti lie coinptdled to ])ay hiijh {>rieeH or starve. [A>t us shut out these tl)reitrn produc;.-. and s^el
as much as we can. by ccui.sumini,' our own. and that is equiv;»',ent to sayimj that as a matter of
jiulilic policy it is riicht to t;ix Ihe very bread which the ])'Mir man eats, the coal he burns, and itio oil
lie consumes. ( Hear, hear.) I now ic\w you .an exti-aet from a return v,ddoli was not pub-
lished Io show what Ihe result of Iri.st yeai's In'rvest was — ilie lirst ijaod harvest we have ha<l for
some years, thouiih not ho pro<iuctivo a one asve expected to reaj*. For the nine mot»ti;s eixiina'
tho 'list of March wo imported alto'^ether ?ll,07l.4'»f> worth of the product s of the farm — that is of
<;raiii and tlour — and wo exjiorted diu'iuijf the same ])ciii«l 8l'0,S57.I'17 wottli, or vvvy noarly
$HI,(K)I),0()0 more than we importtvl. Now, sir, whr.f was thi.-- usofl for V Wo in'pf)ii<'d it as a mait^u-
of trade, and that trad<' ^ives om|>ioymcnt to our vessels and steamships. VV'o have live .distinct
linOH of .steamships sailins; from the jxirt of Montreal to the European ports, while the l;nite<l
States, with f'ortx ("i/.rhl nullions of peojdo, are able to maintain only one lino cousistint; of but
four slcauiships. ([leiu', bear, atid loud cbeers ; A Voice — " Would a duty stoji thai trade?")
1 hear a ^entlenuiri enquire if a duty wi>uld slo]) that trade. Ifiuloubtedly it would. Tlio placing
of a duty on i^ram and flour is much likou man who has made a road to iacilitstte travel lietwoen
the place whei'e l.'o lives and the town where he does his marketinj^. and then, forlear he should
>^et there loo easily, after the road is t^r.-^ded and levelle<l, he yoes to W(uK- and cuts three or four
<litehos across il. (lle:ir, hear.) The.-^e people are afrtdtl that our capitalists who establish tho
Ht»!aniship lines which take the prfKiuctsof tho Western .States through Oanada to the ocean,
should bo able to take thcgc proiluets, ns well m our own, too easily ; and thoy would have vu to
1 1 mil ways,
rv from tho
ins iiiisliikcH
■illljd liOlK'til
of tlie lii-st,
thai artiftio
in Citiiadit,
roliil)it tht)
ircly tVoin
noil of lli«
hat our o\-
ty «H would
li(>i- iutt-rpst.
foiv*! tliero
y amount oj'
Id rjii>t' llio
•ac'tically do
KilioL;niiy to
tlio frouliff
ike animalx
iv, ol" alxtur
riN, Klio\vn>ir
tiowiti'^ iiiso
lit into the
on sec how
hiivt* ^ut to
tlii" I'uito*!
And yet ll'.c
tax our 15l>
■hoinvclvps.
it yc!«f — and
iiH wo over
pxjiortcd of
liat it would
m lit' now
keep it out
hicad liii'V
ai'c askiiiij
L if il di<i
it. (ll<'Ui,
lappcued
c^: as oould
rs of broad
no;.-, and i;''t.
a manor of
and iho oil
as not puh-
;ivo liH<l f(»r
liiis ondinir
— thai i« <d"
ci-v uoariy
a mait*!r
i\e. distinct
the linitcd
■itiiiij; of but
I trade?")
"(10 idai'in^
o\ l)('(w«H'n
iio shou'il
\"'. or four
bd)!ish tlio
the oi'i>!iii,
have vb to
;i
11
^« 'c Custom House Ofliccrs at Wiiid-or anil Sarnia, iiml on th«» Wi'liand Can!»l,and at t\w outlotn
. tlic ocean, who should suy to those shippi-rs: "You shall not use our avcnuos of trado unless
111 also use our OiisKunhotisos, and ijivo iioiids to us that (he voss«ds will Ivt rtitiiiiiod." 'I'lu-y
■ lid have u> place o!isla«d»'s in (ho way of n triwU; Llmt (Mii|>loys llioiiaiids of our sailors and
i-ian.s t'vory year. No u^icater act f»f iiiadiu>ss couhl bt^ perpetrated at a time wIk'Ii we uro
\iieiidiiip; 8:i().iMMi,0(lO in |iei'fectin<i; and maUin/j; oTupIoto >niv systetn of canal navit^idion, than
, j;<i to work and erect a l)Ui;e tence aiontr our boundar}' lino and thus piesfiii llic-;e loioii^'nors
! iia i^lviiiii us lli<>ir tijuie. Tlie Americans luiiied (heir foivi^fii trade iiy ado|tiinLj the pio-
•( live systcMU, tnid we are invited to lollow tlieir exaiiipln ! If ihey mean by a jiroteclive system
'i;t we nro to rorttriet our trade ; that we aio to live by ourselves witlioiii. comnioreial intor-
;i!>e with (he <iuler world, then, sir, I can undei'stiind what these ijenllenien mean when they
.. .ik of Canmla for the ('aiiadiai)s. They iniu'lil as well say that that well known nemleman,
!' Ilobiiisoii Onisoe. kept liie Island of .Iiiaii Fornandi'/, ior himself ( Ijoiidlan^iiler and
in-, rs.) In fact, sir, (he veiy idea of )iio|eclion i'l em''odied in liobinson (Jrii-oe building ids
• wu house, and with a knifo made onl of bone, whitlini;; a weed «»ut of which he made cloth, an<l
A ill needles of bone slitcliinij it into arlieies of cloihinj;. That was protection to hoi.ic indiis-
• with a veni^eanet* ; and, inosi iind 'ubiedly, Rol'inson (Crusoe was the leader of liie i'r.ileeljon-
! party of the l-land of .lu;!n KeinaiMi •/. at thai tinK\ (f/oud l.aiii^hl.T and cheers.) Ijet any one
I "ur ]^r>te''tionisl friend.', of this d;iY and miincrati<in wIkj arc so (i)nil of iin|)o.s.silih< tbeories,
and live on an island as Mr. Uobin-on ( 'nisoe di"d, and thus praclieo what they so ardently
,.!eae)i. (Iicnewed Iaii;.ililer .-ind cheers.) I not only beliiwe in haviiiLr Canada for the Canadians,
i! the United .Sla'es. iSoutli America, the Wf.^i Indie-, and <iiir sliatf of (lii> KuropOMii jmd
\ii-irala>ian trade. (liond cheers.) By llie exertions of the present Adniinistralion we have
i.ma^xed duriuLT the last year, by a judicious exhiiiition oi what Canadian industry can do under
•nonue tarifi' — to show the |ieople of Australasia that we^ean make Injlter airricnltural
11! lemont.-i. varriajfes, ed'^e tools, and other articles, an<l build !>• Iter .ship.- than they can; ami
\'ibin tlr3 i!i"st si.x" monilis alh-r the '•Ixliibition idofcl we bad exported iiearly half a iiidlion
;oilai*rt worth of our goods to thill iey;ion. (Cheers.) But these srentlemen want uh to us© alt
'!■ e ship'^ oiirselves; thoy insist on us, as (.'anadians, consnmini; all ibe (.'anadiunt: make ; they
v^l: not allow us to sell unless wo can riad a iiaiion so fool'^li as to buy our <>'oods on our terms
!i 1 sell theiis on our term< al.so. Now. sir, you cannot poihibly bin- just as you please and sell
you ploiise. The man who trades mut sell before he can buy. Look al the (oily ot tb«>
' iiiieil iStutes in (ids respect. There are tiirce articles, and oiiij' three, I (liink. that, their biritf
i' '"hitt-ly ])roli'bit^ tho inijiortalion' of, a:id they are spurious coin, obseene prints and ships.
■id laughter.) 'J'iu'y cla--- lliern ioi;-etlu r :vs (be tbrcf artieles whieb they will not allow on
-v account to come into the country. All those who liav»' been in the Iniited ~^lates know (hat
'.jreat deal of hpurious coin is imjiorlivl, nevertheless, and niany indecent prints,
■ ■ ' they don't seem to think very much a!)oiit it. But from the time thai (hat
!itry adopfed its pi"(>.sent navii^'ali<;n laws there has never been a ship im-
■!<-d into tho I 'idled Stales. Thoj' passeH tlie.-e laws nearly one. bimdred
: suj£»o, whou ihoy used to we.-w tho old slouched hats and sm.dl knee breeches of the I'nrilans,
i ihey Kcem to have foriifottcn that the world has progressed since thai time. And what is
• •• le^ult of I heir foolish policy? At the |iresiiit moment tliero are leaving the poi'tsid'the
■ i'(Nl States for Kiirope nearly IT'il st".imships laden with the proiluce of the country, an<l eveiy
. of them but four aie sailiwi; under toiei;.Mi (lags. (Ifeai, bear.) N'<>w, it is not tbat the
ij.^ricans are defcient in niechanieal otVorl or hkill. As a people Ihey are able to make us good
. t ■" 51'' 'he Ihitish are. The best proot Hf' tlwit isgivt'i) in die ta<| that belore Mngland repealed
fi navigation laws, when (bey w<'re pursuing the old and restrictive bvstem as well as the
'^'od States the latti^r wer<i then on ecpial terms with Britain, and were fast gaining oh (be
! iii>Hl Kingdom shiniung. I ilo not know the prt!ci.-e iitleii-nce between them, but my impre»-
'!— speaking from reenj lection — is that ;it the time these laws' were rej)eaU;d the United States
•• not more than from half a million lo a million t<uis behir\d the entire toiui.'Vgi of the Biitisli
•iriiant navy. To-day (irtat liritain Ikik over eight million tons of shipping. And the llidte<l
'.lies have no moie (ban (he\' had (vveniy xoars ago — (^Hear, he;ii.) — and Canada with four
'ions of ]<eoi)le, and with a .s<'ahoaiil tliat may bo said to be 0(m(ined U> (^uolxxi, NovuScoda,
»v Brunswick and Prinec Edward Isl.inil, is fast overhauling the United Slates, and if (bey
. si >t in muinlaiiiing their restrictive system it will und<iubie<ily be the ease that Cun.ada — >mall
l">pu!ation and weak in developed resources as .■-be is — will suece«(d in doing so. (Cheers.)
. !Ui quite HWXi of one thing, and 1 believe you are, too ; and that is that our friends tho
'-ervativc leaders do not mean what their speeches sjeni to indicate on this question.
know it is not possil)li' lor any (»ov« rnment that could «'ome into powor in thisi t^ountl•v to
jit a |>ro(eclionist policy, for il'yoii <easo to raise a reveuuo b} an impost on articles im|(orle<l
"i use into the country you must raise it in some ^Iher way. Now, the man that gooi before
12
1 1
t\
the |K ojdo and Uhsertw that it would he for the welfare of the country that such dulies should l>pi
iiujMiKod as ail' ol H |)i-oti«otivi» chaiactpr munt admit two thin^H. He rnunt admit, in fho firnt
j)|«<<>, ilijit tli(« iilii«Ml in to hinp fho llii- fori'lj^ri Inido tVoiu coininij into tho country, t'l'r if lit- docs
not hi> will not onlaini' tho marUof ut our niuniifafrtuies li" he stops theso jjoods from oominji;
into till' loiiniiy, he muHt admit tliai Ik- al-o slops tlio dutios which aic Icviod on ihcse (fooiis.
The fn-Hl time you hear one oflliese i^ciidernen spcakifc^ of impo«ing protective du'.ies, a^k him
how iui prop.>-><h (o raif-e a revenue. (Hoar, hear.) It mn.sl 1j.» patent to the niindK of evory
one ol you that the etlcri of a protective policy would be, in the tirst plm-e, to deK(r<»y our
revenue, and in the ni'xt ]»laee to raiMr the piico of overythinj^ the vvorkinifmon conMime , and
wlien I say workiiti,'men, [ emtmice the entire fanning |iopui3tion, and ninelecntwentielhH of
the inhaliilaiils of i!h' ;:;reat eiles — in Mhort neai ly all our jiopuhition. We have hero no ^reat
nrislociatic power, no ii;reai land owners ajinri from tlu^se who are pracically woi!vint;men. We
arc all workiiii^men, and svc have all lo bear our share of the burdens impoiHi"! upon us, we
have no royal road to wealth — no meanH ot aceeHH to a mine ot wealth, wdiieh would enable ns
fo pay the amniuit of taxation requii-ed ; and 1 venture my reputation, whatever it may he
worth, as one who ha.-i studied the aifair.o oftlic State, that there Is not a mau at this momeut in
tlio Donunion of (\iiiada i.j tho 0|)po.sition ranks who will propound a policy by
means, of whit-h we can prohibit foiei^n ^ckhLs and raise a revenue al. the name time;
atid if they can propound such a policy they are cleverer men than I take thom to be. (Cheers.)
Ihii I believe that the cry of protection is simply a delusive one to accomplish a present pur](i>se.
(Hear, hear, and cheers.) The Opposition hav." ufterlx failed to cstablisli one single char<;t'
which their newspapers and their spi..'kcrf- liave in the most cowai-dly manner in:-iiiuato<i against
the totvernnuMil, and, knowing that they could not establish any charade winch would alionatt^
the Confidence of tho electors, they raise tho cry of protection. But let the cicctionB omc be
over ("heai-, hear), then, sir, you will find that Providence has come to their aid, ;iiid ;;iveii them
a ijoixi li;ii vesi, as they will say, or somi thing elso will be said to hap|>en. " Th«; country is
not in the .same condition now that it was when these men were in. Protection then did seem
to b«> neeossa y, but we thinic, upon the whole, we can get on very comfortably as we are with
out it." MIear, hear, and iau<rhter.^ A personal friend of mine in the city ol Montieal, who is
a viiy stiong proii'Ctioni-.t, was aigiiinj; the question with me one day, wlun I said to him,
" ^Jow, .Mr. (i., will \(Mi till nio where you are to get your revenue afu-r you get protection i"
He could not tell me. "Well," I .said, 'you must levy direct taxation ; you must send your col-
lectors aniund to colh'rf fi'^".-, every tran his slire of the tnxation. Now lell mc, Mr. (j., how long
would a .Ministry iive-in t^uebec if they adopted that policy .■*" ■ Well, I suppose," he said, " about
tw<nly-foai houis. if Parliament were silting ' — {Irarthier and cheers) — and that is the troth ; their
existence would not be much longer. Sow. -ir, in discussing public matters, we must have .sonu-
respect to reason. There is no ohjection to the Tories, if they desire it, having a cry to go to the
elections with, but let them take cue th.it it does not involve consequences .so serious as those
which I have been discussing to-night. I?ut, sir. it may give them the opportunity to act the part
of dem.'gogues, and that is to act politically a dishonest and disreputable part. Wiiy, what did one
of the gentlemen, J)r. Tupper, say when we proposed to add a two-and a-half per cent, to the tarifl
in \H~ti for tlie purpose of obtaining revenue enough to m<'it the wants of the country } He de
nounced it with the most intense vigour, declaring that he . opposed it because it was entering the
thin (.dge of the winige of firottictioh. (hear, lu'ar, and liiiightei ), which we would undoubtedly
<lrivo into its head at the first op^Kul unity, Th^kt, sir, was what he thought immediately alter
the election J^asf year waw a y«ar immediately preceding another «'lection. and, theret*<re. he
lorgot the iiorioi that he had of the wedue o\' I'l-otection in 1S74 in his desire lo have .noiuo
political standard which h«' could tlo.it with a degree of respectability above his head in the
coming eoniest. (Cheers and laughler.) Tiiut is simply what this protection cry nican^. There
ih nothing more in i*; It is iw hollow as it is possible fhr it t^^i be, and nothing that can be said
will ever induce the Ihoughtfiil ]>olitical man to swerve from the opinion of every Rnglisii states-
man at the present day. I do not know an Kiuilish statesman al tliis moinent who w uld go
back on the policy which the majmity in txreat Britain were we<lded to fitly years ago. One of
the mo.«t 'emarkable .■speeches made on the subject lately was that of .Sir S|.jil1ord Nortlicoic, the
present Chancellor of the K.sehcquor. He pointi-d out in one of his country speeches a year and
li-haif ago that no person made u greater mi.->tuko than to imagine that it was now powsihlc Itw
any great party, or any party at all. in (Jreat Riitain, to advowile a return lo a system which,
during it^ e.\istenco had retard***! the progress of the country, and against a .system whi(h now
H«) eft'ectually firomotos itH industries and general |)ros|)erity. Now, sir, their th»M»ry rtHiiiced to a
very finv words is this — in a time of commercial d«'pre.ssion, which we all admit to exint in u tinio
wh«n men are p(K>r, the true way to make them rich is to make them pay more taxen. (Hear, and
laughter J That is tlie panacea tlml is prescribed for all the ills which the country is
stUleriiig. It carries abuurdity un ita face. Nothing could be more ridiculoua to a thouglitM
13
s should l>e
ill the fu'Ht
I- if lie does
ini coraiiifii:
iia, a^k hi in
s of ovory
lestroy our
siiino , and
'ontitilhH of
no great
ijmen. Wo
i(t(i us , wo
i eniibie ns
• it, may he
moment in
policy by
anie time;
(Cheei>. )
(nt piii'ijoso.
iglo ehai'^fi'
*tci1 against
lid nliciiate
)nK omc be
•^iveii them
! ronntry i^
-ri did Moeni
•e are willi
real, who is
said to him.
n-oleclion ?
id your col-
J., how loii^f
iaid, " about
truth ; their
t have some
to go to the
ous as those
act the part
vhat did one
, to the tarift
■y ? He de
entering the
iindoiil>leiily
diateiy .-iltcf
here ti Me. he
1 have -some
head in the
eanf^. There
I ean lie siiid
itjlisli Htates-
h(t Would j<o
go. One of
orlhcoie, the
?s a year and
jinMHible I'oT
'^'tem which,
1 which now
retineed to a
(iMt in a timo
(Hear, and
) counUv in
a thoughtful
inan than a statement that we can make ourselvos rich by taxinc; the commoditio« which we
iiiaice and wear. If you ta.x the Hhoemaker'B iro'Hls for the benefit of the linon draper or lh«
;ailor, you mnat tax the tailor and the linen drajier to coinpiMisate the shoemaker, and then yon
ill l>e so much the poorer by the wum that it takes to put thin Hystem into operation. (('iie.s of
Piine, time ') In pursuing the course we have taken, we have h.'Ki every national and social
■ fisideralion on our side. We are able to point out clearly and <5on<durtively from the
.cord of the United Staler tor the lust seventeen years, and from the record ol" Ktigiand
liom the timo that she adopted her revenue tariff policy, the jtrosperity of the one and
ill- viniversid wreck ;ind ruin of the other. (Hear, hear.) ("^uniula stands on thin r^ontinorrt iipor
M, better footini< as to geographical and phyr^i'-al cousidei-ationfl than the Uriit<^l Slaten,
'. 1 t I Bay that every olas» in our community Is immensely more pros|K!rous at this
Mnnicut than tiie same ehiss in the United .Str.tes. (Ifoar. hear, and cheers.)
1 11 will llnd on all our public works at the present moment — on the new woi-ks oti
!i ,, Wcllaiid ('anal— that at least one-half, if not twoildnis, of all the men e»B-
|.; i\ed there arc Americans, who have come over because they wore anable to find work on (heir
M\vn .side of the lin«. (Hear, hear.) You will find also that throughout the whole ofthw United
.<iaies there are thou.sands ii|»oii thousands of idle men who are pausing thi-ough the (-ountrv cr^
at fig a state of terrorism which hiis had no example ill tlmt country or in Kn/rland siiiijily !»♦-
,u!--c th(> protectionist has riiinevl its trade, and there are millioir- of jwople otu (>f cmployinenl
:i burden ujx>n the rost of the country. It has depressed their agrioiiltura! industry and liiai-
<ii tlieir power to buy goods fi-om the manufacturer. All these goods are made in .such a way,'
'it at such a cost, that theyc-annot be exported to foreign countries. But, sir, as Canadians, should
lake jiiiy pride in the policy of the Empire to which we helong ? As a loyal (\tn:uliaii 1 think
• ii- ])lan is pfilitically to keep on all-fours with the rest (;f the Empire, to keep our p(»li<ty in ha>k-
iH/iiy with that of the Mollier t'<juntry in ti-ade and in everything else whore it is posHiblo for iii
■■" ict in unity with her. Rut these men — these Tory leaders who claim continualfy to be th<
wiy salt of the earth a.s to hiyalty — to be the means of prescrnng this country t-o Hiitisli cim '
cciioii — who are constantly denouncing myself or some of ray associates in our political rania
uiili being tainle<l with disloyalty to the Empire — why, sir, these are the men who .scorn to jwiy
•hf slightest regard to th(\ policy of the British lOmpirti — that policy wliicli ha.s carriel the Rng*
!;>li shijiand the English flag to every poi-t of the worl<l — that jiolicy which has c.irrieil British
onimerce, the British name anrl British civilization to the remotest parl« ol the earth
1 lioud cheers.) Some years a^^o most of the public men of ('unwia exerted themselves U '
[iroeuro a close union of the British American Provinces. That Omfedoration we accomplished.'
iiid we hope, sir, to preserve a similar close alliance — if not with the same system of represeu-'
t.ition — at all events, an alliatK-e in our legislative actions, if not in our legislativr aiitiioiity —
vliich will hHrmf)ni7,e with the British system; and we will see the whole of the G'lonics of ihc'
i'"mpire which are girdling the earth working together as a confederated body, setting at deiia;ic€
the tyrants of the earth, and setting also at detiance the evil systems of coiunuwcial eeo'inmy'
!i]i I cotnrnercial polity whiih would, if carried out, rosuU, in bringing us back to the stale from'^
which we only emerged fifty or sixty years ago with considerable difficulty. Sir, J jirophesy'
turther, that Uie United States of America within the next five years will go back to tiic policy
in existence before IStiO. (Hoar, hear, and choeiv.) There is now no possilcliry of cscaiio tVom''
ihiit course for the people of thi Unitetl States. They have, by their jirotoctive policy, brought
"a!ii upon themselves. They ha'/e by their refubul to admit sliips intothe country, given Hiitish
M'ssels the greater portion of the carrying trade of the count ly. Anu even though Ihcy yet
liuij I many tine sailing vessels, foreign siiips lust year carried seventy-two per cent, nt the trad9
■ti' Uittir jyreat seaport, New Y irk, leaving only 28 per cent, of the tra<le of their jirincipal port;
!'• be eurrieii in American bottoms to foreign countries. Now sir, 1 have heard occasional,
leuiaks in different parts of ihe audience, from a few gcntbmen who have choscMi to come here
■ t disturb the meeting, with reterenee to steel lails, with reterence to the Xeebing Hotel, airi
with reference to one or two other small matters. Ijet me say this, what I have stated at
almost every meeting 1 have attended, that the only accu.sulion tli.it they can bring against the
I'lBsent Administration is one simply of want of prudence in purchaHing rails in ailvancn of tiio
iiine when they were required. Now, sir, 1 don't iielieve that we purchased ihon too soon ;
hut I (iay now, as I have said on other occiteiioiis, that all the rails we bought we bought
1 V opbn tender, whereas the rails they liought were purchased through a relative of
/lie of themselves, to whom they paid a commis.sion of two iind-one-lialf per cent.,
ami who cheated the GovernmeiH of (i'anada by ehargin;r them $20,0(10, that we
know of more than he paid (he manutiicturer; and this pei"s(»n got his two and a-lialf per cent.
even upon that, (t'heoix.) Upon a light ship that was piirchaseil we found that the amount
pnid this same perbon waa more by J3,000 or $4,000 than was paid by him to the builder; we
iiave the judgment of the Court for that. Then at the very time that we were buying rails by
14
public loiniiclilion al |5l.fiO, ilelivonnl in Caiiiulii. vve were recciviii<; delivfi-ics at $Kr» of rail-
that \voi« bought Iiy Lhoiu. (('Iioith.) Now, with loyaiij to the Noohiiitr 1I<«L<1, Ihn price j)ii'<i
<br lliis faiiioHH hustleiy wus ;iIion( ?!5..'{00, iC I rccolUicI iirii^lit; smd all tho chiiPi^c is. that lh<
vjilualors oCllie (iKVcrnmont valued it L<)o hii^ii. Well. I <l<)ii't know whetltcr tlicy did or not
[lUt. it' tiicy did, iho fJovcnmicnt. is not to blame. Wo appoiiitod a Con.servativc an one oC tin
viUuators, joining with him one of our own frleii<iM; ihoKe gentlemen valiiai Iho structure; aiHi
yet this is one ol the groat issues that the Tory jiaiiy have to i^o to tho elections on — that $-<>(•
or S'JOO too miicii was jiaid i'»v that Noeitint;- lloti;!. ( Jlear, hear, jvnd lautrli'er.) We found oi,
'the f>tli(.'r band tiwit the leatlor ol' the Opposition gave one of bis triends ?2,5()0 for nothinw
(fiear, hear) «)ut of the public ])urse, and wo have never got anything for it up to tho pn-som
time, j^nd yet they have tiie etlrontcry to <'onie forward and>;ay thatw(- jmid toouiucli through
our valualoi's by !?2l)0 or ^."lOO for this hotel. We do not. b.'ar these li'e'itieiner
say that wo had kept tlie secret service fund in our pOH.se-ision (Hear, heiir, and
cheers.) We never dcfrauJed the Govornnient out of money that was due to the country
by a Railway (>orporatii>u which was (x>ntro|h>d by a political ling. (Ifoar. beitr.) And yet
those pHojih; aitenipt to nia.Ue a cry out of sueh mutters iis I have roferrfvl v^) ! Why, sir, it is
llie merest tiifling with the workingmeii. (ITeai', hear, and interruptions. ) The^e genilenieii
know as well as I do that the attiiinpl. t/o prevent my liuvitig a heai-ing will iv.-<siht in securini
them one-ol' the worst tletoat^ .i party ever Husliiined. (Long conlinut^l and rep<nited cheering.
And as to their wretched attempts to eonstituto thwin.selves the friends of the w'orkinginan
(laughter), that is a new-found I'riendship. They hav(k suddenly be'-onie desporatcdy anxiout
about the poor workingnian (hear, hear and laughter,) and tlusy proclMim thonisclves hih friem
in a very patronizing kind of w.'iy. tSir, Iho workingnion need n<Mie of their ])alron;ige, for th-
woi-kingmen of this country are able to befriend Ihemsplves. (Cheers.) I rec iliect the day
sir, when I lii-»t took part in the polilieal struggles of Ciiiada. The workingman w.is prtU'ente.
by Tory rule from having a vole of any sort. 1 recollect thai in laier times only tho.-e wh
were freeholders wore allowoil to vote. I rocolbiot, sii-, that the pour man, if he vot^-d at all i-
our large counties, \nv\ to travel s(jmetimos one hundred uiilos, because his vote had to be erf.-
in tho county town ; and the result of this was that the poor man could not get th< re *
vole, or ditl so at great expense, and consciiiicnily it was an easy n\al!er to carr
an ohilioii witbout ensuiing a real rcprosentaiion of the peoj)le. Hut the Liben
Parly gave se.lfgttvernmenl to the counti'y. (Long continued and re|>euteil clu-eiv
The Lil)eral party toughl the battle of respon.sible Government. The Liberal party gave us Mur
cipal institutions, and therebj ^lid the fo\nKi;ition of a svsltm of self-govemm !iii. which for artist
excellence has not its counterpart in the whole wide world. (<'hoers. ) Why. sir, what ilid one ■
the groat Tory leaders say of these .Municij.)al institutions ? He denounced them as '' Suckii
Republics.'' and as a scheme that was to lead this cotmtry into a jiositloi* thnt wculd make it ii
possible for it to reimiin in comiettion with the Priti-h F'".nipire ; that to giv<i the people that pow
of self government which Munidpal institutions are calculated to coivier upon I'luin would be
make them Kepubl»cans hoslile lo British coimection. 'I'hey could not. and would not, tiusi tl
people until the efforts of the Ijiberals compelkd them, and now they are the '\fninds of the woi'
ingman." Before that time o\ir 'I'ory rulers, the Family Compact, cntiusted the expenditure of ,i
the money spent in the districts where wj have oin Municipal system now to men appointed by tlien
selves, and ilu"se officials expende<i it any way they jileased. "^I hey appointed their Uetiivnir
officers in the same way. VVhat have we dtnie, sir *" We have enfranchised the workingm.an ; n
have perfected our municipal system ; we have adopted a schen'e of taxation which is uniform ; ai^'
we have brought our responsible ( J •ernnunt to a state of the utmost completen>;>». All liii;. is owinj: '
the eti'oils— -to the vigourous efforts — to the b.itlle' Ibught by the liilierals half .) conturv a
((.'heeis ) Sir, who does not remeuibcr the day when these same friends of the workingmen si
the doors of our I biivtirsity against him.' No one could go to that University unle.'^s he beca.;
a subscriber to the Tbirtv-nine Articles and became a member of the Church of Kugland. it w;i
monopolized 'by this r)ne denomination, and the seventh of our laud was (le\'f)ti'd to 'i,
eslabtisluaent of a dominant Church by the 'I'ory party. It was by the vij^orous doiemiiuatio
ami the persevering efforts of the l;iberal party, a vast number of whom belong to that sani
Church, th.it the power was wrested fn.in a single denomination, and th.iltiie University was ojter •
to every man and upon such terms that the humbl"sl son of the hnndjlest workingman may find
"^way to the position which 1 now f)ccupy. ((^heers.) 1 observe you have the uiolto up here tn-nif'
" Alexander Mackenzie, a first-chi'-s mechanic." Do yoi: think it wcmld have bci n possib'e for mi
clftJjs mechanic in the <l«ys ol the l-'aniily Compact to have been in that position. (Cheers. '1/
Tories assume with .James I., fium whom they seem lo have all tltrisceuded — (l.u/ghier)— to
they are all apparently, in politic.il «thics, about as imbecile as he was —a <livine rii;ht to rule,
saw not long ago in a Tory paper an accu.sation made against myself that I was allowing the pon
workingman to be robbed of his wages by contractois. What are the facts? One of our en
IS
tractors on the Ottawa Itiver fiiled to carry out his contract. T withlield enough money from him
•o enable m« to pav between $8000 ami $iO,OOi) to the poor workiugmen wl.o were in hLs employ.
•id who, hut for that action of the Government, would have been lolt without a cent. (Cheers.)
A'e initi.itcd a system of letting public works by contr.act, under which contractors were compelled
V) give securily lo the Government for the execution oi their undertaking.s, either upon real estate
..r in the shape of deposits of money or other securities. Well, sir. one who j;.ive such security
!)roke dov n op orte of the canal contracts the other day ; one of hi.s suh contractors walked otf with
>!2,000 o money Jie contractor obtained from the (iovornment, k-.iving only 8")."»l(t or $t!.0()0 in
i>ur hands, and owing $iO,0(M) to the workingnien. An it happened, we had 8i4,otMI in our hands
:is security, and we were able to despatch one of our clerks to Montreal from whom everyone ot
those workingmcn received his p.iy. (Cheers.) These men and newspapers who make such
accusations know also that I compelled some contractors on the ])ublic works to terminate
1 s3'st«'ni some of them had ol'payinif Ihe.r inon l»y giviuL'; ihein ordnrs for <,'()odh — the old Ifiick
• ystem — nnd to pay thotn every weok or loitnight in cash iho wlsole of their waijort. Never-
iieU'^s 1 am hraiided hy liiono ])e<<ple iw .an iipji<»iient of the vvoj'kiMirjnan ; and those who wore
(1 much in fonncr d.-iy.'' tho enemies oj tbo workin^^jiucn, they, l'or*)oth. ari; (he iVicnds of the
'voikir'^inen ! Tiit-y patronize the workiiii^nniii and lake him nniier tlirir i|wre. aiui ii liie work-
ii;rmnn will only shut hin cyeKinid op'.iu his mouth ho will see wh.nl, jjo will gel. (Cheers nnd
l.-tiifjhter.) The institutions oCtliiK country ai'e eminently liivourahlo to the production of u c.la<<M
if workin/^m'rn witlioiit its equal in any oihcr < o'.intry of the world. .Under th<* nble manauc-
inenl of th'' l;<>ial ( Jovevnrnent.s our educ.-itiiMmi > stetn hiw hcon pei'lected to such a dofifrec that
t is now eoiife»i,Hedly iho I'oremost system of education in the w.»r!d. (t'hecr.s.) Our
voulh can go from the jH-inmry schools to the graded schools, from them to the
'i)llH)fiate Institutes or GrammHr School.^, and from tho^c to tlie Uuivoi'silios, at, a
ni«llor tost than in any oiher coui'trv oti the fme of the earth, (('heers.) Our land
'VStem is free. We want no proteclion in i». Any man I'l' ordinary intelliy;encc can go to the
•<latute-hooIv and niako out a d«,'ed f(M' his land for himself if he likta — though f am Uiund to say
!t woulil ho I'ctlor for him to employ a lawyer to prevent tnisitikos (liUnghtcr) — so simple is our
iiciidc* of conveying hr.ds. One (jf the cxcclhMicies of tlds >yst(>in is that our workin^nicn — our
i'armw!-.-, our farm lahnurers, and a wvy larjre portion of out ;.;»■( huniiw — have a li.>lii uinin
.'he soil ; an<l thore can be no real thoiough iiuiepdndoni-c i>i' a i)eO])!e in any nation unless tlicy
;iie ahh' to control the possession of the hoU. ((Jlieer.s.) We know that in what after all miglit
l.u (iw'«ii.!ted historically the model i-epuMic of the world — thai is the Swiss Coiili'deration
--fhiriiig many tetituries, wiiile their |ii)W(!r oC soH-i^overnmont was c.rojt])iiiiC up in)w and
then, the land was held by a ompariilively small numlicr oi' proi)! ictors, .mikI np to ji \ovy l:ile
penmi in the liisloj'y of the Confederation the land-holders were able to control the IcLri-lation of
the rt!.p«M- live c»n tons, and to secure the siipiein.'cy of themselves us rid<'rs. ]t might occ.-i-
sionaUy hajiptMi, as ii> some of the Greek repuhlici, that some jKirson should assiune
i:nucr the guise of a governor what w;w really a dielatorsliip, or fin oli<;arc!iy was
t- lal)lishe<i, l>ut whether tho o;io or tlie olh.'r the secret of their power l.iv in
the fact that they commanded the soil of the country. Here it is impossible under
our system of subdivision, under our system of assessment .nnd t.ixaii. -,. to have any
^reai landed estates, or to h.ive a system of tenancy which would milit.ite .i5;ainst tlie
ascendancy of the people. 1 have only to s;iy, in conclusion, that it i-; a matter of little importance
to me personally whether I should be defeated or sustained, but u is a matter of vast impoitance
to the interests of the country that the Liberal party to which I belonj^ should be sus-
taincfi. It is of v.ist importance to the industtial interests of the country th.U tliey should not be
nmrdered. and that the workingniea should not be ruined by a protective policy{hear.hcar, anxl cheers),
and I appeal to the working-men olthis city, who, after aH, will aintrol the franchise in the city, to \indi
cate their pr)sitioo by suppirtinj; those who g.IX'e th» workiiigmen the practical .ind j^ocial status which
at the present time they hold in ("anadi. (Loud cheers.) 1 beg now to ihnnk again the vast
majority of this immense audic-nce for listening lo ine s*") piUiently (renewcfi cheers), and I alsb.
-iiank the handful of persons who have been indecently trying to disturb the meeting bcc.iuse I
know that their conduct to-night will tell in favour of the Liberal party as much as if the meeting
Were unanimous. (JTcar, and cheers.) 1 shall n*ver cease while 1 live .md hold a position in the
p.ilitical world to feel grateful to the workingmcn of Toronto for the magnificint welcome which
diey have given me on this, my visit to their city, and I trnf;t thai the enthusiasm, the good feeling,
and the good taste which they have shown will be lenrlered still more manifest by their again re-
turning my friend, Mr. Macdonald, to I'arliament, and by their placing at the head ol the poll the
other Liberal candidates in the city of Toronto.
.At the conclusion of Mr. .Mackenzie's speech, which lasted three hours, iUmost the entire
audii^e rose to their feet and continued for some time to wave their hats and give a succession
of such loud and hearty cheers aB have seldom been be^rd in Toronto.
I f^
<6
The Hon. Mr. MOWAT, whp was received with prolonged cheering, then addrCMcd the meet-
ing, after which
Mr GEOKGK VKNNFX moved a vote of thankt to the Hon. Alexander Mackenzie, coupled
with the name of the Hon. Mr. Mowat, far tlie addresses which they had delivered. He regretted
the disturbances which a few in.iividuais had been making, but assured the honourable visitor that
the noises did not come from any representatives of the working classes, but from those whose in-
tereMs were entirely antagonistic. The workingmen of Toronto attended the meeting to listen in a
ouiet and orderly manner to the address, aad they had done so They desired \o lie instructed, and
tWey were instructed. The public press had expofiod the trick which had beeh attempted to be
played ; but like the type on the bogus ticket, >t was too thin, (t'heers.) As workingmen they
intended to advance workingmen's arguments in favour of the revenue tariff, and would invite
workingmen to discuss the question with them. He concluded by saying that he had n^ doubt that
by the time the general elections took pkRMf the majority of those who were so noisy that evenin^^
would have been converted to sound Liberal principles. (Cheers.)
Mr. OAKLEY in a few appropriate renarks seconded the resolution.
The resolution was put and declared unanimously carried.
Hon. Mr. MACKENZIE briefly responded, saying that proud as he. was of the honour which
had been conferred upon him, he would feel prouder if in a few weeks time or a few months Mr.
John Macdon.ild antl all the l»ber'>' candidates in this city were elected. This was the second tim<
he bad had^he honour of adciressing a Toronto audience ; and he assured the interrupters it would
not ht the tast, (Cheers,) for he intended to make a busii^ss of it before he was done. (Cheers )
The me«*ting separated after giving three cheers each for the Queen, and the Hon. Messrs.
Mackenzie, Mowat, Brown and the Chairman, and it was remarL:able that, so well trained were the
noi.sy handful of Tories to hoot in response, to any cheering, that, in consistency with their lip-service
loyalty, they hooted when three cheers were given lor the Queen.
"'JL- Mia
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1878. THE GREAT HALF DOLLAR WEE KLY! 1878
The Montreal Weekly Herald,
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C^mmunicakieiM to be ad tresaed to 'f n Moiitseal Hbbalo PmirriNff and PuBLumxo Com^amt,
;»,-
i«d tbe meet
nzie, coupled
He regretted
le visitor tiiat
)se whose In-
to listen in a
structed, and
npted to be
lingmen they
Would invite
iin doubt that
tnat evening
honour which
V months Mr.
: second tiiin
jters it would
le. (Cheers )
Hon. Messrs.
ined were the
leir lip-service
n
Ti
iM and col
Shop,
1878
raid,
Is.
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rapli of
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