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Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent Atre f limAs A des taux de rAduction diff Arents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour Atre reproduit en un seul cllchA, II est fiimA A partir de I'angle supArieur gauche, de gauche A droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant ie nombre d'imeges nAcsssaire. Les diagrammes suivants iilustrent la mAthode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 S 6 *'«4,* 4 . '^^yf^'- V "SV ^• ■41. ,M ^i^'l^ -i\ *Au. ■^s^' •l""*^' «*' .If »-• A 5)S>*- .^^■-' A ,A tF*l i,fi >U '■^V -Hi"' V'^ A ,»\ \ t w )'"> OF 1 t ■\; C'kiA,»tU, '^tivi^cK^^"'^ BISTORT PHILIP'S WAR, - OOMMOMLT CALLED TBB ORSAT IWDXAV VTAB,, OF Wn AlTD X676. ALSO, OF THB FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS AT TBB EASTWAmO* IN 1689, 1690, 1693, 1696, and 1704. Bt. THOMAS CHURCH, Es«i. / WITH .. , NUMEROUS NOTSJS , Td SSPLAIir THE SITUATION OF THX PLACES OV BATTLEf, TBI PARTICDLAR GEOORAPRT OF. TUK RAVAOKD COVVTRr-'^ AMD THE LIVES OF THE PRIHCIPAL PERIOfft XROAOED IN THOSE WARS. ALSO, * AN APPENDIX, Containing an account of the treatment of tlie natives by the ear||y vpjtf* ers, the settlement of N. England by the forefathers, the Peqiiot War, narratives of persons carried into captivity, anecdotes of the Inidians, and the most important late Indian wars to the time of the Creek War. By SAMUEL G. DRAKE. SECOND EDITION WITH PLATES. The unexampled achievements of our fathers should not be forgotten. Washirotob; -^ What wars they wag*d, what seas, what dangers past, ■< What glorious empire crown'd their toils at last..w, CAWOPHf. ' J^^. EXETER, N. 11. PUBUSHED BY J. & B. WILLIAMS ^ 1836. ^ £ SS.^^TC^S?.^ XSLM-h DISTRICT OF MASSACHUSETTS— TO wit: JDUtriet Clerk*i C(fflet. Bs IT mxMBmsRBD, That on the eighth day of JuiuwrT.A.D. (L. S.) 18fT, in Una t^jt-tnt year of the Independeiiee of the United Statei of Ameriea, SMuiiel 6. Drake, of the aud District, haa depeaited in thia oAee the title of a Book, the right whereof he claima aa prMrialor in the worda following, to wit : ^''Tlka Hiatoi7 of Fhilip'a War, commonly called the Great Indian War of 1975 and 1676. Also, of the French and Indian Wan at the Eastward, inl60»,lCM,16B2,ieO6, and 1704. By Thomas Church, Esq.— With nn- nerona noteato explain the situation m the places of Battles, the particular Geograahy of the ravaged Country, and the^ives of the principal persona engaged in dioae wars. Also, an Appendix, containing an account of the TreMment of die Natives by the earlyjroyagers, the settlement of N. En^fland by the Ferelkthers, the Pequot War, narratives of persons carri- ed into captivity, anecdotes of the Indians, and the most inraortant late Indian Wara to the time of the Creek War. By Samuel 6. Drake. Se- cond Edition with plates. The unexampled ach^vements of our fiithera should not be* forgotten. IVathington. What wars they wag'd, w!i«t seas, what dangers past, Wlkat glorioua empire crown*d their toils at lut. Cttmoen$," J I confiMrmity to the Act of the Congress of the United States, entitled , n Act for the Encouragement of Learning, bv securing the Copies of M^»s, Charts and-Books, to the Authors and Froprietorsof such Cop- iesb during the times therein mentioned :*' and also to an Act entitled *' An Act'supf^ementary to an Act entitled. An Act for the Encourage- ment of Leammg, by securing the Copies of Maps, Charts and Books to the Authors ana Proprietors of such Copies Uuring the times therein metiened : and extending the benefits thereof to the Arts of Designing, &lffavbg and Etching Historical and other printa." JOHIi W. DAVIS, I ^f i|fc-.-*i«--##. > , in the time of vtrhich a trunk was stolen, containing many of the manuscript notes, relating particularly to the biography of the principal persons that figured in the Indian wars. These in many instances I could not restore, which is very much regretted; though not more than my want of information on subjects in general. But a consciousness is felt, that some- thing though small, is redeemed from oblivion, which] will be thought valuable by posterity. Of such gentlemen as have had the opportunities! of many years to examine the history of our country, together with every advantage from access to all pub- lic^ and private documents, I have every indulgence! to ask. In regard to the accurate performance of the work,! I can only observe, that a scrupulous regard to accuracy has been paid; yet, errours may have been committed, but in no case inadvertently. And as p^r most authentick historians have failed in manyj of these points, perfection will not be expected in me. 1 " The same indulgence for the commission of literal i , errours, as for others, :3 solicited, though the excuse for such cannot be so good ; but if every thing be found] simple, and easy to be understood, my chief aim isl answered. For so " all historical memoirs (says Dr.[ ColmaBH^'should be written." In a number of parti- culars I have deviated from common usage ; but ini hone without good reasons, and to me satisfactory] As one instance it is observed, that compound namc^ of places, in^general, are written like simple names! For this deviation from general custom, no apologjfj will be expected of me, as it has been proved to be preferable by a writer of great eminence.* •Joel Barlow, Esq. See his Columbiad, printed ISOll Philadelphia, 4to. THE EDITOR'S PREFACE. f In correcting the text, superfluous words are some- times left out ', but thi^ [ — ^1 sign is substituted, and the word or words omitted are eiven in the margin K.ncluded by the same marks. When a word is al^- tercd, it is also included in brackets, and the word ,'iven in the margin as it stood in the original, and included in the same way. All words, presumed to |bc wanting, are inserted between brackets without reference to the margin, and are by the present editor. Ml notes included by the parenthesis were by the former editor, and attached to the eld edition. I should take it as a great kindness, should any )crson communicate to me any information where it [s presumed to be wanting in the nptes to this work ; >r point out any errours in what is already done, that [uturc editions may be more perfect. It being the particular design of this edition to I'cnder it uniform and consistent with respect to ar- rangement and ** originality" of expression, few lib-. ;rtics have been taken with the composition ; few in- Iccd, unless pointed out as above expressed. In some instances however, some connective particles lave been dropped and the signs omitted. But in ^ich cases what is omitted was superfluous tautology, hercfore^ the reader may be assured that the text is jorrectly copied. Prom the present appearance of Ihe work, its former erroneous composition is too easily discovered ; yet it is some consolation, that in- mmerable errours have been detected, and general- ly, inasmuch as the design of the^subject would admit. It was thought advisable to accompany the work nih an Appendix, wherein something new, or of later late might be given, as young persons generally >refer new things to old. It was rather diflicult to lake the selection for this part, not for want of ma- [erials, but because they were so numerous ; and so lany seem to deserve the same attention. But the irticles are authentick, and as interesting, U is pre- turned, as can be found.. vi THI EDITOR'S PRETAOE. As there are different editions of many of the au< thors cited in this work, for the convenience of re- ference^ a table, containing the chief of them, is] here given. t \A 1 Tkk T AmviktmBiognfhf Aaarkw Bkfnphj AMMk of Mawc^uad AaHawuriM EMMrebM AuMb of iko RovolttUoB Wuofj of Aaorko Mbtoiy of OoaMctMol BM4N7 of MMMcboMUi Hbtoiy of MaiM Hblonr of Mumtkm9t»§ HUtMj of MmjIumI HMonr of MowoQclMid Hkiorj of Noww^lMd llbtonr of NowtaglMMl Hirtoiy of NowhimBdUto Hittoiy of Voi^orit HUorjr of PoMHgrlinab HkUMT of IfartMMollMi ribloff of U. SUtw flktonr of Voraoal Hirt.Ooll.IUM.Hiit.8oe. HbtOol.IV.Y.Hi4.8o€. Hist. Ook NewhuiMhiro nitt.OoLN.H.HM.Soc. HuMpkroTi* Works M>sMlio O. A. Nan of Indian W4l lalaiid Bi^irapliy NewMglaad^ Memorial Newkanptkiro Oaaetteer Sum. Hbt Maif. bav Travail tkreiwkoiit N. A. flTondon InvSible Workl. Wan of Neweoglaad. A. ttolmoa J. Bolkoap W, Allea T. Priaeo E. Hovt J Mono W. RokertMa ll.Tr«Bbiili T. HotebkMoa J. Bidlivao O. R. Mioot J. L. DoiaMB J. Wbtbrop H. Adanu Mom It Parbb J. Belkaap W. Smrtb tU Proud H. WillianMNi B. Trumbull 8. William Famer Ji Moore D. Huupbreya 0. Malbw W.Hubbard J.Eliot N. Mortoo Famer It Moore W. DougiaM J. Carver K. Oalef 8. Penkalkw WImto print' ed Oaaibridgo Oambridgo Boaton OreeafieM HarUord Pyiadelpkia Newkavea Balem . Bortoo Brks have] them hi are Hub-f )ry of the and the^ The free miply acj e to some i first, nod they wil| ises sucli have been compared with the originals. To two works in particular, it was thought most advisable ; namely, Penhallow's **Wars of N. Engiand," and Prince's Annals. The first of these is now reprinted in the I Vol. of the N. H. Hist. Soc. Col., which, though not so perfect as it might have been, is, on the whole, a work to be prized. A handsome edition in octavo of the valuable Annals was published last year, by Messrs. Cummings, Hilliard, and Company, I Boston. Though this is not excu^ly reprinted, yet, no- j thing is altered, that I have met with, but for the bet- ter ; and, exceptinff a few typographical errours, ii I splendidly executed. Having already drawn out my preface to too great la length, the whole is submitted without any apolo- \gy. And the publisher takes this opportunity of [giving his grateful respects to all his patrons, and with pleasure subscribes himself, their much obliged land smcere friend. • SAMUEL G. DRAKE. BostoHf 2 January, 18;87« [The following is an exact copy of the title page of the old edition.l THE ENTERTAINING HISTORY • OP KING PHILIP'S WAR, WHICH BEGAN IN THE MONTH OF JUNE, 1675. AS ALSO OF EXPEDITIONS MORE LATELY MADE AOAINST THE COMMON ENEMY, AND INDIAN REBELS, IN THK EASTERN PARTS OF NEW-ENGLAND*. WITH SOME ACCOUNT OF THE DIVINE PROVIDENCE TOWARDS COL. BENJAMIN CHURCH: By THOMAS CHURCH, Esq. his son. SECOND EDITION. BOSTON : PRINTED, 1716. NEWPORT, RHODE-ISLAND I REPRINTED AND SOLD BT SOLOMON SOUTHWICK, IN %UBEN-STREET, 177S. TO THE READER. X HE subject of this following naxrative, offering it* self to your friendly perusal, relates to the fonner and later wars of Newengland, which I myself was not a little concerned in: For in the year 1675, that unhappy ojid bloody Indian war broke out in Plymouth colo- ny, where I was then building, and bejginning a plantation, at a place called by the Indians, Sog- konate, and since, by the English, Little Compton. I was the first Englishnjan that built upon that neck,, which was full of Indians. My head and handa were full about settling a new plantation, where nothing^ was brought to; no preparation of dwelling house, or outhouses, or fencing made ; horses and cattle were to be provided, ground to be cleared and broken up; and the utmost caution to be used, to keep myself free from offending my Indian neighbours all round about me. While I was thus busily employed, and all my time and strength laid out in this laborious undertcJcing, I received a commission from the go«- vernment to engage in their defence : And with my commission I received another heart, inclining mc ' to put forth my strength in military service : And through the grace of God I was spirited for tJiat work, and direction in it was renewed to me day by day. And although many of the actions that I was concerned in were very difficii|,t and daneerous, yet, myself, and those who went with me voluhtarily in the service, had our lives, for the most part, wonderr fully preserved by the overruling hand of the Al- mighty from first to last; which doth aloud bespeak mr praises: And to declare his wonderfiil works i«t ur indispensable duty^ TO THE READER. I was ever very sensible of my own littleness, and unfitness to be employed in such great services. But calling to mind that God is strong, I endeavoured to put all my confidence in him, and by his Almighty power, was carried through every difficult action ; and my desire is, that his name may have the praise. It wai ever my intent, having laid myself under a irolemn promise, that the many and repeated favours of God to myself and those with me in the service might be puolished for generations to come. And now my great age requiring my dismission from ser- vice in tiie militia, and to put off my armour, I am 'willing that the great and glorious works of Almighty God, to us, children of men, should appear to the world : And having my minutes by me, my son has taken the care and pains to collect from them the en- duing narrative of many passages relating to the former and latter wars; which I have had the perusal of, and find nothing amiss, as to the truth of it, and with as little reflection upon any particular person, as might be, either alive or dead. And seeing every particle of historical truth is ^|>recious, I hope the reader will pass a favourable censure upon an old soldier, telling of the many ren- counters he has had, and yet is come off alive. It is a pleasure to remember what a great number of families, in this and the neighbouring provinces, in Newengland, did, during the war, enjoy a great measure of liberty and peace by the hazardous sta- tions and marches of those engaged in military exer- cises; who were a wall unto them on this side and on that side. I desire prayers, that I may be ennbled well to accomplish my spiritual warfare, and that I may be more than conqueror through Jesus Christ's loving lie. '" BENJAMIN CHURCH. M-. ■1?" ^f„. >^-!it> !^ivS?««>q>: lU ness, aiid ;es. But eavoured A.lmighty t action; le praise. ^ undet a d favours e service le. And from ser- [>ur, I am /Vlmighty ar to the ' son has m the en- 5 to the e perusal 3f it, and r person, truth is vourable lany ren- ve. number rovinces, a great dous sta- iry exer- side and THE LIFE OF COL. CHURCH* I C OLONEL Benjamin Church was born in 1639, at Duxbury, near Plymouth, of reputable parents, who lived and died there. His father's name was Joseph, who, with two of his brethren, came early into New- england, as refugees from the religious oppression of the parent«tate. Mr. Joseph Church, among other children, had three sons, Joseph, Caleb, and Benja- min. Caleb settled at Watertown, the other two at Seconet, or Little Compton. Benjamin, the hero f this history, was of a good stature, his body well proportioned, and built for hardiness and activity. lAIthough he was very corpulent and heavy in the latter part of his life, yet, when he was a young man e was not so ; being then active, sprightly imd igorou^. He carried dignity in his countenance thought and acted with a rational and manly judg- lent — ^which, joined with a naturally generous, obli- and hospitable disposition, procured him both Authority and esteem. He married Mrs. Alice South- vorth, by whom he had a daughter, Mrs. Rothbotham, and five sons, viz., Thomas Church", the author or publisher of this history, and father of the honourable Thomas Church, Esq., now living in Little Compton ; Constant Church a Captain under his father in the cistern expedition, and in the militia; and of a mili« * The life of Church was not added to the first editioB.* - [But to the second it was, and was the last article in tbe jbonk; excepting a Latin dde of one pase, which is now omit» ted. This life containing slaced at the head of the page. Ode Heinian {a ntpcit UeroM eomponta) Biographtas pracedenii d^/i(i;emh 4t^* xu LIFE OF COL. CHURCH. ■ ;. ■ tr tary and enterprising spirit ; Benjamin Church, who died a bachelor; Edward Church,* whose only son now living, is Deacon Benjamin Churchf of Boston, who furnishes these memoirs of the family; and Charles Church, who had a numerous issue. Colonel Church was a man of integrity, justice, and uprightness, of piety and serious religion.! He was a member of the church of BristoLat its foundation, in the Rev. Mr. Lee's^ day. He was constant and de- vout in family worship, wherein he read and often ex- pounded the scriptures to his householdi*)? He was ex- emplary in observing; the Sabbath, and^n attending the worship and ordmances of God in th^ sanctuary. He lived regularly, and left an example worthy of * He was also a Captain under his father in the last eastern expedition. . > *i^- t Probably the same whose name is found associated with the venerable James Otis, Samuel Adams, Joseph War- ftfiir, and others, as a " Committee of correspondence" in the memorable revolution, and to which he probably belonged when he wrote this account of the family. See American Annals, II, 300. Also the standing which he appears to have maintained among the fraternity of Masons, speaks his emi- nence. iWhat is here said of the Colonel, is placed after his son Edward, by a writer in Farmer and Moore's Collections ; where this account appears to be copied. It must be an er- rour in the copyist, ana one, too, which it required some pains to commit ; not but that the son (for aug^ht I know) deserved as high encomiums^ but we have no right to bestow such upon the son, at the father's expense. But thus much were it intentional. § Rev. Samuel Lee, the first minister of Bristol, R. I. He was born in London, 1635, came to this country in 1686 ; but in two or three years came to the conclusion to return to his native country. Before he sailed, he told his wife that he had discovered a star, which, according to the laws of As- trology, presaged captivity, which unfortunately came to pass. He sailed in 1691, and in his passage was taken by : the French, and carried into France, where he died the same year. See Allen's Biog. 381. Dr. C. Mather repre- sents him as possessing very extraordinary learning. See f Magnalia Christi Americana, I, 548. . I LIFE OF COL. CHURCH. auil ■3 the imitation of his posterity. He was a friend to the civil and religious liberties of his country, and great- S rejoiced in the revolution.* He was Colonel of e militia in the county of Bristol. The several offices of civil and military trust, with which he was entrusted from time to time, through a long life, he discharged with fidelity and usefulness. The war of 1675, was the most important Indian war, that Newengland ever saw. Philip or Meta- cometf (a son of good oldMASSASOIT,} and his se- cond successor) had wrought up the Indians of all the tribes through Newengland, into a dangerous com- • By William and Mary. " . t Though the chiefs of savage nations are generally called Kings, yet says Smith, they "nave no such ofignity or office among them." Hist. N. Y. 197. Philip, at different periods of his life, was known by different names, as at nrst, he was called Metacomet or Metacom. See Morton, 171, 173. This celebrated chief has been called by some, though wrongly I contend, King of the Narragansets. He was King or chief of the Wampanoags, or Pokanokets, the situa- tion of whose country will be described in my first note to " Philip's War." It is true that these Indians, as well as the Narragansets themselves inhabited about the bay of that name, but they had their King as well as the Pokanokets, and were independent of each other. Different opinions seem to have prevailed with regard to this chief's pedigree; that is, whether he. were a son or grandson of Massassoit. Prince and Trumbull inform us that he was his grandson; Hutchinson and Belknap, that be was his son. Why these respectable authors saw cause to differ, and not inform us, is not easy to tell. These are not all the authors on each side, but most readers are apprise4 of this, no doubt, before I had taken this trouble to inform them. i Prince, in his text, writes Masassoit ; but adds this note. " The printed accounts generally spell him Massasoit ; Cov- er nour Bradford writes him Massasoyt, and Massasoyet : but 1 find the ancient people from their fathers in. Plymouth col- ony, pronounce his name Ma-sas-so-it." N. £. Chron. 187. However, the most preferable way seems to be Maflsassoit. Some account of the life of this comrtant friend of the Pil- grims will be found in the course of this history. tiv- LIFE OF COL. CHURCH. biiitition to extirpate the English. It was one of the last works of the commissioners of the united cc4onies, la council [in] which subsisted the great seetrrity <:^ew6ng{and, from 1643 to 1678) to break «p this confederacy. An army of One thousand Eng- lish, was on foot at xAice, under the oommand of Governour Wwislow. Whoever desires further in- ferdia6oli concerning this war, may consult Mr. Hub- bftJd's* history of it. The part Colonel Church acted in it is eidiibited in this plain Narrative, given by his son, two years before his Other's death. Colonel Church perfectly understood the maimer of the Indians in fighting, and was thoroughly ac- quainted with their haunts, swamps, and places of refuge, on the territory between Narraganset and cape Cod. There he was particularly successful; on that field he gathered his laurels. The surprisal and seizure of Annawon was an act of true boldness and heroism. Had the eastern Indians been sur- rounded with Enslish settlements, there is reason to think that he woind have been more successful among them. But on a long and extended frontier, open to immense deserts, little more has ever been done by. troops of undoubted courage, than to arouse and drive off the Indians into a wide howling wilderness, * 'Mr. William Hubbard, minister of Ipswich, the best his- torian in Newengland, of the age, unless we except Mr. Prince. The truth of which his works abundantly prove. Although some labour has been done to detract from bim some of his justly acquired fame, yet, it does and ever will remain unimpaired. This would be true had he rever writ- ten any thine but his Narrative. To his ** History of Nfew- ei|glan,d," ^lather is phiefly indebted for what is correct in hisi^ei^wned book of jareons, the Magrialia Christi Ameri- CK<|!B. ' See president Allen's Bioe. Bi^ionary. He died Sept. 1704v1^g;ed i\S years. Gov. Hutchinson remarks on the character .oif him, that "he was a man of learning, of a candid^ and benevolent mind, accompanied, as it generklly is, with a -goio^ degree of Catholicism ; Which, I think, was B'vt tfi- coanM the most valuable jmrt of his character in the > mote age of navigation, made a voyage into the Atlantic^ ocean, and "sailed seeking for thirty days the western parts,'* taking his departure from the pillars of Hercules ^straits of Gihrsutar.) Hence some infer that he must have aiscovered some parts of America, hecause Columhus did in about the same length of time. He wrote a book c<^t||dning an ac- count of his discoveries, which he entitled Bis^^kfSi or Peri* plis. See a work lettered "America K l || (y tithe An- events," Dr. Rohertson's Hist. America, fi?; B^atp'f liog. 1, 16. XVI UFE OF COL. CHURCH. i such force, that a blood vessel was broken, and the ^ blood gushed out of his mouth like a torrent. His wife was soon brought to him. He tried but was unable to speak to her, and died in about twelve ' hours. He was carried to the grave with great fune- ral pomp, and was buried under arms, and with mili* tary honours. On his tomb stone is this inscrip- tion. HERE LIETH INTERRED THE BOOT OF THE HONOURABLE COL. BENJAMIN CHURCH, Esq.; WHO DEPARTED THIS LIFE, JANUARY 17th, 1717 18, IN THE 78 TEAR OF HIS AGE.* JN'mpcTt April 8, 1772. * <* High in Mteem kmong the great he itood ; Hie wiidom made him lovely, sreat and good. Tho* he be said to die, he will rarvive ; Thro* fiiture time his memory shall live." See a poem called " A description of Pennsylrania, Anno 1739," by Thomas Makin, in Fraud's Hut. II, 361. The l))OTe though applied to the founder of that province, as good, at least, is deserved by the venerated Church ; who, through the foul intriipe, and low caprice of office seekers, and the blind zeal of ambitious bigots, suffered much, both as to fame and fortune, in his time. The truth of this remarlc will fully appear in the ensuing history vs. TUB ENTERTAINING HISTORY OF PHILIP'S WAR, WHICH B£OAN IS THE TEAR 1675. WITH THE PROOBID* ^ IN08 or BENJAMIN CHURCH, Esq.* JLn the year 1674, Mr. Benjamin Church of Duxbury, being providentially at Flymouthf in the time of the * As the author does not begin with the causes and first I events of this war, it may be proper to introduce the most important her.e. His intention appears to have been to give I an account of this war, so far, only, as his father was engag- led in it, as himself observes in another place.- Although not a year had passed since the settlement of Plymouth without some difficulties with the Indians, I will go so far back, only, as immediately concerns Philip's War. After the close of the Pequot war, in 1637, it was conjec- tured by the English, that the Narracansets took some af- front on account of the division of the captive Peqilots, among themselves and the Mohegans ; and that the English, showed partiality. These tribes had assisted in the con- quest of the Pequots, and were in a league with the Eng- lish, and each other. For some time the Narragansets prac- ticed secret abuses upon the Mohegans ; but at length they were so open in their insults, thait complaints were made to the English, whose interest it was to preserve peace between them. In 1643, it was thought that they were plotting to cut off the English. They so pressed upon the Mohegans, in t Some authors, both ancient and modern wrote this word Plimouth, but custom has adopted the manner as used in the text. Id PHILIP'S WAR. court, fell into acquaintance with Captain John Ahn j of Rhodeisland. Captain Almy with great im^r- in 1645, that the colonies were obliged to interfere with an armed force. The Wampanoags, or Pokanokets, of which Philip was King, inhabited the tract of country where Bristol now is, then called Pokanoket, thence north around Mounthope bay, thence southerly, including the country of considerable width, to Seconet. At the head of this tribe was Massassoit, when the pilgrims arriyed at Plymouth, who always liyed in friendship with them. He haa two sons, who were called Alexander and Philip, which names they received from Gov. Prince of Plymouth, while there renewing a treaty, proba- bly from Philip and Alexander of Macedon. Alexander be- ing the elder assumed the power on the death of his father, and it was soon found that he was plotting with the Narra- eansets against the English ; but his reign was short. On being sent for to answer to the court at Plymouth, to certain allegations, he was so exasperated, it is said, that he fell into a fever, and died before he reached home. This was about 1657. Philip succeeded, and his plottings were continual. But he frequently renewed treaties and anected friendships until 1671, when he made a loud complaint that some of the English injured his land, which in the end proved to be false. A meeting was held at Taunton, not long after in conse- quence of the hostile appearance of Philip's men, by Gov. Prince of Plymouth, and deputies from Massachusetts. Phi- lip was sent for to give reasons for such warlike appearances. He discovered extreme shyness, and for some time would not come to the town, and then with a large banc of his warriours with their arms. He would not consent to go into the meet- inghouse, where the delegates were, until it was agreed that his men should be on one side of the house, and the English on the other. On being questioned, he denied having anj ill designs upon the Engiisn, arid said that he came with, his men armed to prevent any attacks from the Narragansets ; but this falsehood was at once detected, and it was evident that they were united in their operations. It was also prov- ed before him, that he had meditated an attack on Taunton, which he confessed. These steps so cppfounded him that he consented to deliver all his arms into the hands of the Eng- ^lish as an indemnity for past damages. All of the guns which he broueht with him, about 70, were delivered, end the rest were to be sent in, but never were. What would have been the fate of Neweneland had Philip's warriours possessed those arms in the war that ensued ? This prevented immediate war, and it required several years to repair their loss. Philip PHILIP'S WAR. 19 timity invited him to ride with him and view that part oW Plymouth colony that lay next to Rhodeisland, known then by their Indian names of Pocasset and Sogkonate.* Among other arguments to persuade him, he told him the soil was very rich, and the situa- tion pleasant : Persuades him by all means to pur- chase of the company some of the court grant rights. He accepted his invitation, views the countrv and was pleased with it, makes a purchase, settled a farm, found the gentlemen of the islandf verv civil and obliging. And being himself a person oi uncommon activity and industry, he soon erected two buildings upon his farm, and gained a good acquaintance with the natives ; got much into their favour, and was in a little time in great esteem among them.| The next spring advancing, while Mr. Church was diligently settling his new farm, stocking, leasing and disposing of his affairs, and had a fine prospect of doing no small things ; and hoping that his good suc- cess would be inviting unto other good men to be- come his neighbours : Behold ! the rumour of a war between the English and the natives, gave check to was industrious to do this, and, at the same time, used hit» endeavours to cause other tribes to engage in.hi« cause. He was not ready when the war did begin, to i^lcb, in some measure, we may attribute his failure. Three of his men were tried and hanged for the alleged murder vhom, perhaps, 16,000 were able to bear itrms. Holmes' American Annals, I, 416. • Dr. Belknap, in his Hist. N. Hampshire, 1, 109, says, on the authori ^ or Callcnder, that " The inhabitants of Bristol shew a particular spot where Philip received the news of the first Enjglishmen that were killed, with so much sorrow as to cause him to weep." This he observes was very different from the current opinion. No doubt the consternation of the people, caused by an approaching war, had great effect in establishing every thing unfavourable of Philip. t It is the custom of most, if not all, the N. American In- dians. See Capt. Carver's Travels in America, 269. *X John Sassamon, or as others spell it, Sausaman, Was in- structed'in English by the celebrated Indian afjostle, John Eliot, and pretended to believe in the christian religion. Bat for some reason he neglected its duties, and returned to a savage life. About this time, or perhaps before, he advised the English of some bf Philip's plots, which so enraged him, that he sought Sa'^samon's dealn, whom he considered as a rebel and traitor. And this is the principle on which the English themselves acted ; yet, they would not suffer it in another people, who, indeed, ^vere as free as any other. Thepartic- ulars were these: Sassamon was met on f* a gi'eat fjpftd,"- which I suppose to be Assawomset, b}' some of Philip's tti«n, who killed him and put him under the ioe, leaving his hat and gun on the ice, where they were found soon after ; and also the dead body. See Hubbard's Narrative, 70, 71. This must have been late in the spring of 1675, but there was ice. Marks were found upon the body of Sassamon, that iifidicated murder, and an Indian soon appeared, who said that he saw some of Philip's Indians in the very execution of it. Three were immediately apprehended, and tried at the court in ^ Plymouth, § An Indian, who from. this time, was very friendly to Mr. Church. All I can find concerning him is in this history. 2$ PHILIP'S WAR. nlune) to invite Mr. Chimsn to the dance.* Mr. Church, upon the invitation, immediately takes with him Charles Hazelton, his tenant's son, who well understood the Indian language, and rode down to the place appointed, where they found hundreds of Indians gathered together ftom all parts of her dominion. Awashonks herself in a foaming sweat, was leading the dance ; but she was no sooner sen- sible of Mr. Church's arrival, but she broke off, sat down, calls her nobles around her, [and] orders Mr. Church to be invited into her presence. Compli- ments being passed, and each dhe taking seat, she told him [that] King Philip had sent six men of his, with two of her people,f that had been over at Mounthope,} to draw her into a confederacy with Plymouth, in June, by a jury, says Mather, consisting of half Indians, and half English, and brought in guilty of the murder. Two of them persisting in their innocence to the end, and the third denied that he had any hand in the murder, but said that he saw the others commit it. Perhaps he made this confession in hopes of pardon, but it did not save him. Mag- naliaj II, 486. M ather places the death of Sassamon in 1674, tl^ was old style, hence it was previous to the 35th of March lots. Hubbard, 69, says that Sassamon had been Philip's secretary, and chie,f counsellor. To what tribe he first be- longed I have not ascertained, but from this history it appears that he belonged to the Sogkonate Indians, in the spring of 1675. * One might conclude this transaction to hwp been abQ^t the middle of June, by its connexion with the commence- ment of the war, but by the death of Sassamon it must be placed much earlier. t These two I conclude, were those, or among those men- tioned by Hubbard, 69, who discovered the plots of Philip, one of wwMSi might be Sassamon. I (Or MorU-haup, a mountain in Bristol.) Why the author writes this word so I do not know, un- less it were so pronounced in his day. Its ancient name was Pokanoket. It w quite an eminence about ti^o miles east from the village of Bristol, very steep on all sides and termi- aatii in a large rock, which at a distance has the appearance of a larse dome of an amphitheatre. It is apparently cobi- posed of pebbles and sand. On this now stands a small oc- tagonal building. Prom many places on the east shore, par- PHILIP'S WAR. 23 I * Mr. ,68 with [lo well m to the reds of of her g sweat, ner sen- e off, sat dors Mr. Compli- ng seat, SIX men een oyer racy with ing of half he murder, e end, and Lurder, but e made this im. Mag- on in 1674, h of March m PhiUp*s he first be- lt appears spring of >een abaut sommence- U must be those men- ofPhilipi I know, un- name was miles east ind termi- kppearance [iently corn- la small oe- shore, par- Aim, in a war with the English; [and] desired him to giye her his advice in the case ; and to tell her the truth, whether the Umpamt* men, (as Philip had told her) were gathering a great army to invade Philip's country. He assured her he would tell her the truth, land ffive her his best advice. Then he told her it was but a few days since he came from Plymouth, and [that] the Enfflish were then making no jprepa- jrations for war ; that he i^as in company witfi the mncipal gentlemen of the government, who had no liscourse at all about war, and he believed no thoughts ibout it. He asked her whether she thought he vould have brought up his goods to settle m that >lace, if he apprehended an entering into [a] war with t [o near a neighbour. She seemed to be somewhat ^nvinced by his talk, and said she believed he spoke \e truth. Then she called for the Mounthope men, f^ rho made a formidable appearance, with their faces fainted, and their hairs trimmed up in comb &shion, rith their powderhorns and shot bagsf at their backs :ularly at the little village of Fallriver, this mount forms [beautiful acclivity in the landscape ; verv nearly resem- ling a view of the State house at Boston from a distance. )n an excursion there in the summer of 1824, many gratify- )g objects were discovered, relating to the times of which le treat. A most beautiful prospect of Providence and the jrrounding country and bay appears from this mount. I* The Indian name for Plymouth. t It has been a question among many, how the Indians be- kme furnished, so soon, with our implements of war. It is ^t probable that every source i^ known : but thev no doubt, ^d a large supply from the French in tne east or Neweng- id. A man Djr the name of Morton, who came to this ccin- in 16S3, is said to have been the first that supplied the Hans with arms and ammunition, and taught tben:i their ;, in the country adjacent to Cape God. This he done It the Indians might hunt and procure furs for him. Sec- tary Morton, in his Newengland's Memorial, 76, says, " he . d been a petty-fogger at FiirnivaPs Inn, having more craft m honesty ;'* but in justice to him it may be observed, It the Memorialist has made ever^r circumstance appear in .d^kest dress, and not only of him, but others, whom, ia* S4 iiILIP»S WAR. which among that nation is the posture and figure of preparedness for war. She told Mr. Church these were the persons that had brought her the report of the English preparations for war, and then told them what Mr. Church had said in answer to it. Upon this began a warm talk among the Indians, but it was soon quashed, and Awashonks proceeded to tell Mr. deed, we had rather speak in praise. All historians, with whom I am conversant, agree that he was a disorderly per- son, of bad morals, and gave people much trouble. He re- sided first in Mr. Weston's Plantation at Wessagusset, now Weymouth; but that breakine up the next year, 1623, he next settled with Captain Wallaston ■ at or near the same place in 1635, and the place being near the hill that separates Weymouth from Qumcy, was called Mount Wallaston. Capt. Wallaston with most of his company abandoned the plantation, and Morton usurped the government. ^They soon found themselves involved in difficulties with the In- dians and with one" another. They erected a Maypole, and practiced their excesses about it. Selling arms to the na- tives being a breach of the laws among others, he was seized by order of the court, and soon after, 1638, sent to England. No notice of the complaints against him bein^ taken, he re- turned the next year. He was afterwards imprisoned for his writings. He died at A^amenticus in 1644 or 5, according to Allen, American Biog. 441. He has been ac- cused of giving currency to the story of " hanging the wea- ver instead of the cobbler." The author of Hudibras get- ting hold of the story, has, in that work, Part II, Canto 11, line 403, &c., set it otf to the no small expense of the zeal of the Pilgrims. See Belknap, Amer. Biog. II, 318, Frincf Chron. 212, and Savage's edition of Winthrop, I, 34, 35, 36, where the passage may be jeen. The latter author says i(| was not so, on the authority of Morton himself ; but as tliel affair bappened at Weston's plantation, where Morton was^ concerneci, it is natural that he should say' the right one was. hanged. In a note to line 413, in the passage above referreili to, is the following positive assertion : " The history of the„| Cobbler had been attested bj persons of good credit, who? were upon the place when it was done." Early authowl hinted at the anair, and late ones have enlarged upon it [ The truth no doubt is as follows: The people of that planta-fl tion were in a state of starvation, and by stealing fromthel Indians fiad incurred their vengeance, which to satisfy, thejff hanged one ; who, Hudibras says, was a bedrid weaver,! whereas the right one was a useful cobbler, whom they coulJj not so well spare. THILIFS WAR. 25 ^.lurch, that Philip's message to her wm, that unless •he would forthwith enter into a confederacy witii lim in a war against the English, he would send his ^nen over privately, to kill the English cattle, and mm their houses on that side of the river, which irould provoke the English to fall upon her, whom, ley would without doubt, suppose the author of the lischief. Mr. Church told her he was sorry to see threatening an aspect of affairs ; and stepping to le Mountliopes, he felt of their bags, and findings lem filled with bullets, asked them what those jllets were for. They scoffingly replied, " To shoot igeons with." Then Mr. Church turned to Awa- lonks, and told her, [that] if Philip were resolved make war, her best way Would be to knock those : Mounthopes on the head, and shelter herself under 5 protection of the English. Upon which the Mount - ^pes were for the present dumb. But those two of rashonks' men, who had been at Mounthope, >re3sed themselves in a furious manner against his Vice. And Littleeyes,* one of the Queen's coun- joiiied with them, aiid urged Mr. Church to go |de with him among the bushes, thathe might have le private discourse with him, which other Indians nediately forbid; being sensible of hui ill design, it the Indians began to side, and grow very warm. . Church, with undaunted courage, told the Mount- )es, [that] they were bloody wretches, and thirsted 3r the blood of their English neighbours^ Who had rer injured them, but had always aboiyi^adliii their idness to them. That for his own pafti^ough* [desired nothing more than p^ace, yet, irhbthing i war would satisfy them, he believed he isKcHAld, ive a sharp thorn in their sides : Bid tbe comi^iiR.3&' lerve those men that were of such bkMxly dispo^i- is, whether providence would suffer themf toTifive _L , h', ;■ — ' '.../[ll^^^' . [e was afterward taken in the war that ^H*weld^ by cb, and treated very kuidly, as wiU be teem in the pfo» I of thU history. -: ^ 36 PHIUP»S WAE. to see the event of the war, which others, more peaceably disposed, mieht do. Then he told Awas-; honk's, [that] he thought it might be most advisable for her to send to the Govemour of Plymouth,* and shelter herself and people under his protection. She iked his advice, and desired him to go on her be- half ta the Plymouth government, which he consent cd to. And at parting advised her, [that] whatever she dad, not to desert the English mterest to join with her ; neighbours in a rebeIlion,f which would certainly prove fatal to her. (He moved none of his goods ftom his house, that there might not be the least umbriago fiom such an action.f) She thanked him for his advice, and sent two of her men to guard him to his house, [who]' when they came there, urged him to take care to secure his goods, which he i*e fused, for the reasons before mentioned ; but desired the Indians, that if what they feared, should happen, they would take care of what he left, and directed them to a place in the woods where they should dispose of them, which they faithfully observed. He * 1 [which] • The Honourable Josiah Winslow, l^sq., who was after- wards commander in chief of the forcies in this war. He wat a son of the distinguished Mr. Edward Winslow, who was 5 alio GovernouT of Plymouth milny years. ' He was born in | 16Q% and-wass the first Governor born in Newehgland, whicli^ oifice he filled 7 years. He diecll.8 Dec; 1680, aged 52. t This warwascalleil a rebellion, because the Englisli fancied them under the Kin^ of England, but that did no! make them so. As well might emigrants from the Uniteo States l«ld oh the coai^ of France, and because they were disputed hy the inhabitants, of their right im^ to do, call then rebels ; yet, when the ^untrywas neither claimed nor ir proved, certainly, to tal^^ posseisfion and improve wasnoi wrong. Our s^thor is by no means so lavish of ill names t' many isarly waiters. Hellhounds, fiends, serpents, caiti^ dogs, fiusi, wereiihetr common appellations. The ill fiiin«( Mather, i^ this respects will be celebrated as long as tb marvj^lions coi^ent&of the Magnalia are read. X Tliiff sentence was included ik brackets in the copy bi| ts I have a|ipropHaage 21. § (Middleborough.) Three large ponds about 40 miles from Boston, and 16 ram Newbedfora. In passing from the latter place to the [>rmer we have the largest on the right, which now bca;rs the fame of Assawomset, or Assawamset, and two oth^ni oi\ the, ;ft. They are all very near together. The rpadji||^sut a stone's throw over. .»- »■ I II "One of the magistrates of Plymouth 'J9risdict|Mi.' [ubbard, 12. This gentleman was very acti\t^m4ibe#^. [e was a magistrate between the years 16^^lp loTS. ||Iorton, 2j]^. A minister of Swanzey is mentioned bjr Wa- ler in his third cbiaU of N^wenglahd ministfir^by tMs lame. / ts PHILIPS WAR. Swanzey,* and Mr. Samuel Gorton,f who was an interpreter, and two other- men,| who brought a letter 'I . I . I ' ■ ■ ■ ' * A town on the west side of Taunton river in the bottom of Moanthope bay, about 15 miles from Taunton, and in the ▼ieinity ofMounthope, distance by the road about 11 miles. f Accounts of this gentleman may be secnia Morton's Me- morial, 117, &c., which, perhaps, are not impartial. That author partaking of the persecuting spirit of the times, accuses him of all manner of outrages against religion and go- vernment. " Not only," he observes, " abandoning and re- jecting all civil power and authority, (except moulded accord- ing to Am own /oney) but belching out errours, kc." Seve- ral pages in that work are filled up to this eflfect. Dr. Eliot, N. £. Bio(|^. 337, says, " It is evident that he was not so bad a man as his enemies represented." The reader is referred to that excellent work, for an interesting account of him. Allen, also, S14, seems inclined to do him justice, and is more E articular. It appears evident that, he was rather wild in is views of religion, and went too far, perhaps, in persuad- ing others to fall in with liim. He came to Boston m 1636, ' "rom London, and was soon suspected of heresy, on which he ▼as examined. But from his aptness. in evading questions nothing was found against him. He virent to Plymouth, but did not stay long there, having gotinto difficulty with their miikister. From thence he went to Rhodeislana of his own accord; or as some say, was banished there. Here, it is said, he underwent corporeal punishment for his contempt of civil authority. • Leaving this place he wont to Providence in 1649, where he was very' humanely treated by Mr. Roger Williams, who also had been banished on the score of tenets. He began a settlement at Patuxet, 4 or 5 miles south of Providence in 1641, but was soon complained of to the gov- ernment of Massachusetts, for encroaching upon the lands of others. The Governour ordered him to answer to the same which he refused, treating the messenger with con- tempt. But he was arrested, carried to Boston and had his trial. A cruel sentence was passed upon him, 'being confin- ed a whole winter at Gharlestown in heavy irons, and then banished out of the colony. In 1644; he went to England, and in 1648, returned to his possessions by permission of par .< liament. ^ Who these two men were I have not been able to ascer- tain. Mention is made in the histories of this war of messen- gers being sent, bat in none more than two, and their namei ; are aot mentioned. Two were also i^nt from MasMchu •etts. See Hub. Nar. 73, 73. Hutch. I, 363. They wer« •ent 16 June, 1675. l»HrUP>S WAll. 89 from the Governour of Plymouth to Philip. lie observed to him farther, that the young men were I very eager to begin the war, and would fain have [killed Mr. Brown, but Philip prevented it; telling them that his father had charged him to show kind- |nes8 to Mr. Brown. In short, Philip was forced to >romise them, that, on the next Lord's da}', when the English were gone to meeting they should rifle their louses, and from that time forward, kill their cattle. Peter desired Mr. Church to go and see his wife, rho was but [just] up the hill p he wer t and found mt few of her people with her. She said they were dl gone against her will to the dances, and she much jared [that] there would be a war. Mr. Church Ivised ner to go to the island and secure herself, id those that were with her, and send to the Gover- nour of Plymouth, who she knew was her friend; and left her, resolving to hasten to Plymouth, and rait on th^ Governour. And he was so expeditious lat he was with the Governour early next momijngjf lough he waited on some of the magistrates by the ray, who were of the council of war, and also met [im at the Governour's. He gave them an account ' his observations and discoveries, which confirmed leir former intelligences, and hastened their prepa- ition for defence. Philip, according to his promise to his people, per- iitted them to march out of the neck| on the next |iord*s day,^ when they plundered the nearest hou- lent. He was in minister, and a man of talents and abili- His defence against the charges in Morton's M3moria1, lows him to be a man of learning, and is worthy perusing. is in Hutchinson, Hist. Mas. I, 4^7 to 470. He lived to 1 advanced age, but the time of his death is nbt known. * I conclude this hill to be that a little north of Howland's ^rry. t June 16. X The neck on which Bristol and Warren now Jure. Iih£Iu kg the ancient Pokanoket. * <^ * § June 30. See Trumbull, Hist. Con. I, 9Xi. Ibid.i; tates, 1, 189. 80 PHILIP'S WAR. \f^ 861 that the inhabitants had deserted, but as yet of- fered no violence to the people, at least none were killed.* However the alarm Was given by their num- bers and hostile equipage, and by the prey they made of what they could Sndin the forsaken nouses. An express came the same day to the Governour,f who immediately gave orders to the captains of the towns, to march the greatest part of their companies, and to rendezvous at Taunton on Monday night,} where Major Bradford was to receive them, and dis- pose them under Captain (now made Major) Cut- worthy of Scituate. The Governour desired Mr. Church to give them his company, and to use his in- terest in their behalf, with the gentlemen of Rhode- island. He complied with it, and they marched the next day. Major Bradford desired Mr. Church, with a commanded party, consisting- of English and some friend Indians, to march in the froht at some distance from the main body. Their orders were to keep so far before as not to be in sight of the army. And so they did, for by the way they killed a deer, flayed, roasted, and eat tl^ most of him before the army came up with thenii But the Plymouth forces sooii * But iin Indian was fired upon and wounded, which was a sufficient umbrage for them to begin the work. See Hub/ Nar. 73$ and Hutch. I, 261. It appeai^ that Philip waited for the English to hegin, and. to tnat eiid, had suffered his men to provoke them to it ; yet, it was tlK)ught that iPhilip tried to restrain them from beginning so soon, as is observed in note 1 to page 17. At this time a whimsical omnioA| prevailed, that the side which first began w<»uld finaJly bei conquered. Hutch. iBid. t In consequence of this intelligence Governour Winslorj proclaimed a fast. H.Adams, 120. I June 31. § James Cudworth, several vears a magistrate of Plymoutil colony. Other historians style him Captain, but do not Um notice of this advancement. See Huboard, NaT. 75, 79, 8ii Also in the continuation of Morton,. 2(^, where it appears bei was an assistant in the government between 1670 and 167SI PHILIP'S WAR. 31 nour Wirslof • irrived at Swanzey,* and were chiefly posted at Ma- jor Brown'sf and Mr. Miles't garrisons, and were Ihere soon joined with those that came firo: Massa- chusetts, who had entered into a confederacy with le.ir Plymouth brethren against the perfidious hea- thens. The enemy, who began their liostilities with plun- [ering and destroying cattle,^ did not long content lemselves with that game ; they thirsted for English lood, and they soon broached it ; killing two men the way not far from Mr. Miles' garrison, and ** Whether the Plymouth forces were at Swanzey when ic first English were killed does not appear, though it is resumed that they were not. We are certain that they had efficient time to arrive there. It appears from the text that sy marched from Plymouth on Monday, which was the 31 ine, and the first English Were killed tne 34. The author seems to be a little before his story concerni#ig le Massachusetts* men, for we know that they did not ar- |ve till the S8 June, and their arrival is related before the rst men were killed. I Dr. Morse, in his late history of the Revolution, has run rer this history without any regard to dates. Nor has he bought it wortn his while to tell us there ever was such an ithor as Church, but copies from him as though it were his rn work, which, at best he makes a mutilated mass, t See note 5 on page 37. I The Rev. John Miles, as I find in Allen, Biog. 439,. was Hinister of the first Baptist church in Massachusetts ; that in 649 he was a settled minister near Swansea in South Wales, lence, perhaps, the name hf Swanzey in Mass. is derived. Ir. Miles beinff ejected in 1663, came to this country, and jirmed a church at Rehoboth. He removed to Swanzey a Iw years after, which town was granted to the lotuffms the government of Plymouth. Hutchinson, 1, 309, speaks him as a mat; discovering -christian unity, &c. He died 1683. § It appears that an Indian was wounded while in the act * killing cattle ; or as tradition informs us, the Indian who ras wounded, after killing some animals in a man^s field, rent to his house and demanded liquor, and being refiised Ittempted to take it by violence, threatening ftt the same ime to be revenged for such usage, this caused the EngUsb- ian to fire on him.* $2 IftllLIPS WAU. soon after eight more* at Matapoiset:f Upon whose bodies th6y exercised more than brutish barbarities; beheading, dismembering and mangling them, andi exposing them in the most inhuman manner, which ^ fashed and ghostly objects struck a damp on all be-i oldefs.l < The enemy flushed with these exploits, grew yet bolder, and skulking evsir where in the bushes, shot^ at all passengers, and killed many that ventured abroad. They came so near as to shoot two sen- tinels at Mr. Miles' garrison, under the very noses of our forces. These provocations drew out [ — y some of Captain Prentice's troops,rward discovered to be. When they drew off, die [ilot* was mortally wounded, Mr. Belcher received shot in his knee, and his horse was killed under Mr. Gill was struck with a musket balL on the |de of his body ; but being clad with a buff coat,f lid some thickness of paper under it, it never broke U skin. I The troopers were surpsised to see both ^eir commanders wounded and wheeled off; but r. Church persuaded, at length stormed and stamp- and told them it was a shame to run, and leave wounded man there to become a prey to the rbarous enemy ; for the pilot yet sat on his horse, bugh amazed with the shot as not to have sense la. ide him. Mr. Gill seconded him, and offered* lugh much disabled, to assist in brinaing him. off. f. Church asked a stranger, who gave nim hiis contr in that action, if he would go with him and li off the wounded man. He readi>ly consented^ they with Mr. Gill went ; but the woundied man tted, and fell off his horse before they came to him. It Mr. Church and the stranger dismounted, took I the man) dead, and laid him before Mr. Gill on his- rse. Mr. Church told the other two, [that] if they lid take care of the dead man, he would go and ;h his horse back, which was going off tlie cause- toward the enemy ; but before he got over the iseway he saw the enemy run to the right into the ;k. He brought back the horse, and called -ear- jtly and repeatedly to the army to come over and It the enemy ; and while he. stood calling and ^suading, the skulking enemy returned to their stand, and all discharged their guns at him at one |p ; [and] though every shot missed him, yet, ona William Hammond. I A Luff coat, and kind of cuirass or breastplate of iron or bl fc/med their armour; swords, carabineis, iMid pistoIs> Ir weapons. ^ I June 28. This action took place the same day that thff sr troops arrived ^ 34 PHILIP'S WAR. of tlie army on the other side of the river, received oi)«| of the balls in his foot. Mr. Church now began, (m fuccour coming to him) to think it time to retrcal Sayhig, **Th€ Lord have mercy on U8, if suchj bandml of Indians shall thus dare such an army."^ Upon this it was immediately resolved, and order vere given to march down into the neck,f and huT ing parsed the bridge and causeway, the direction was to extend both wings, which not being well heed ^ed by those that remained in the centre, some o them mistook their friends for their enemies,^ an made a fire upon them in the right wing, and wounr ed that noble heroick youth, Ensign Savage, in tli thigh,^ but it hM>pily proved but a flesh wound. The marched until tney came to the narrow of the ned at a place called lteekamuit,|| where they took dov <^W^— WiM^^»^i^MP^i^— — ^W ^^»^« ■■! ■■-! ■!— 1.11 ■■ I ■__ I II ' I ■ ' ■—-■ -.11 I -,-■_■■ .. ^r * Thai ended the 38 June, 1G75, according to Hubban 76 ; b«t by the text, the next transaction would seem uikIm the same date, whicn from the fact that most of the army dl not arrive nntil after noon, and that the action did not ta| place until it had arrived, it is plain that it was not. Hntc insonj I, 303, iias indistinct with regard to the dates ij Suestiofi, as our author, but Holmes considered it as I c^ .nnals, 1, 431. The next morning, Hubbard, 75, says, tl^ the Indians, at half a mile's distance, shouted twice thrice, and 9 or 10 showing themselves at the bridge, «rniy immediately went in pursuit of them. t June 39. X I cannot find as any historian takes notice of this 1 1 management of the army. The reason is obvious as Hii| bard says nothing of it, whom they all follow. Hence it pears that Savage was wounded by his own companions, i «ot by 10 or 12 of the enemy discharging upon liim at on| Sec next note. §" He had at that time one bullet lodged in his tlii^ tinother shot through the brim of his hat, by ten or twei «f the enemy discharging upon him together, while he w ly held up his colours in the front ^f his companjj Hubbard, 76. Our author or Mr. Hubbard is in a gr< mistake about the manner in Avhich he was wounded, but^ former ought not to be mistaken. n (Upper part of Bristol.^ JNow the upper part of Warren, which hi.'' been la PHILIP'S WAU. 35 le heads of eight Englishmen that were killed at the Bad of Matapoiset neck, and set upon poles, after le barbarous manner of those savages. Tnere Philip id staved all his drums and conveyed all his canoes the east side of Matapoiset river. Hence it was >ncluded by those, that were acquainted with the potions oi those people, that they had quitted the !ck. Mr. Church told them that Philip was doubt* is gone over to Pocasset side to engage thoie Id- ms in a rebellion with him, which tney soon found be true. The enemy were not really beaten out Mounthope neck, though it was true [that] they |d from thence; yet it was before any pursued }m. It was but to strengthen themselves, and to in a more advantageous post. However, some, not a few, pleased themselves with the fancy of lighty conquest. grand council was held, and a resolve parsed, lild a fort there, to maintain the first ground )y had gained, by the Indians leaving it to them. id to speak the truth, it must be said, that as they ined not that field by their sword, nor their bow, it was rather their fear than their courage that lliged them to set up the marks of their conquest.* Mr. Church looked upon it, and talked of it with iitempt, and urged hard the pursuing [of] the en- on Pocasset side ; and with the greater earnest- ss; because of the promise made to Awashonks, be- mentioned. The council adjourned themselves from Mount*^ \m Bristol. It is called on the map of Rhodeisland, Kicke- let, or rather the hay which makes this neck on one side, so called. Warren river makes the other side. r Major Savage and Ma^lor Cudworth contmanded the . I'ces in this expedition, at whom, of course, this reflection ; I directed. But chiefly, I suppose, at Major Cudwort|i: br I find, Huhhard, .79, that Cfaptain Cudworth, as he de- Iminates him, " left a garrison of 40 men updn Mount- Ipe neck," which is all that he says ahout this fort. 36 PHILIP'S WAR. hope to Rehoboth,* where Mr. Treasurer South- worth, being weary of his charge of Commissary Genera], (provision being scarce and difficult to be obtained for the army,f that now lay still toc- rer the people from nobody, while they were build- ing a fort for nothing) retired, and the power and trouble of that post wa« left to Mr. Church, who still urged the commanding officers to move over to Pocasset side, to pursue the enemy and kill Philip, which would in his opinion be more probable to keep possession of the neck, than to tarry to build a fort.| He was still restless on that side of the river, and the rather, because of his promise to the squaw Sa- chem of Sogkonate. And Captain Fuller^ also urg- ed the same, until at length there came further or- ■ ■ " - ' ■'— ' ' ■■■- ' ■II- — ■ . U llllll ■■■■ M l 11 ■ I ■ — I^W^^^— ^^-^^^^i^.— .^^^ * A town in Massachusetts, about 10 miles from where the j ihen were, and about 38 from Boston. . t Hubbard says, 77, that the forces under' Major Savage rt^tumied to Swanzey, and those under Gapt. Cudworth pass* ed over %o Rhodeisland the same daj, as the weather looked likely to be temjiestuous, and that night there fell abundance of rain. Bat it is presumed that Captain Cudworth soon re* turned to build said fort, as he arrived at Swanzey the 3 July. I While these things were passing, Capt. Hutchinson was despatched with a letter from the Governour of Massachu* setts, bearing date July 4, 1675, constituting him comnis* sioner to treat with the Narra^ansets, who now seem openl; to declare for Philip. He arrived the 5 at Swanzey, and on the 6, a consultation was held, wherein it was resolved " to '•reat with the Narragansets sword in hand." According!; the forces marched into their country, and after several cere- monious days, a treaty, as long as it was useless, was signed on the 15. It may be seen at large in Hubbard, Nar. 81 to 83, and Hutchinson, I, 363, 264. Bjt which the Narragan- sets agreed, to harbour none of Philip's people, &.c. ; al which was only forced upon them, and they regarded it no loneer than the army was present. The army then returned to Taunton, 17 June. § I. learn nothing more of this gentleman than is (bund ill this history. The name is common in Massachusetts and^ elsewhere. He had 6 files each containing 6 men, therefon! their whole number consisted of 86 men only. PHILIP'S WAR. 37 lers* concerning the fort, and witlial an order for Paptain Fuller with six files to cross the river to the kide so much insisted on, and to try if he could get Ipeech with any of the Pocasset or Sogkonate In- ]ians, and that Mr. Church should go [as] his second. Upon the Captain's receiving his orders, he asked [r. Church whether he were willing to engage in this iterprise ; to whom it was indeed too agreeable to declined; though he thought the enterprise was ^zardous enough for them to have [hadj more men ^signed them. Captain Fuller told him, that for Is own part, he was grown ancient and heavy, [and] feared the travel and fatigue would be too much him. But Mr. Church urged him, and told him lat] he would cheerfully excuse him his hardship ,d travel, and take that part to himselP, if he mignt it go ; for he had rather do any thing in the world, m to stay there to build the fort. [Then they drew out the number assigned them/ |d marched the same nightf to the ferry,} and were From Major Cudworth, who did not go with fht r^st of army into the country of the Narragansets. Hub. d4. No author that I have seen, excepting Mr. Babbarid^ ;s any date to this memorable part of rhiUp's War. Ne^ ir Hutchinson nor Trumbull takes any notice of it. Hub* rd, 84, says, "Upon Thursday, July 7, Captain Fuller and untenant Churcn went into Pocasset to seek after the ene- " &c. But he is in an errour about the day of the week may seem unimportant, yet, the transaction, it must be )wcd, merits particular attention ; for histoiy without ronology may be compared to the trackless desert over iich we may wander in rain for relief. Most authors since t. Hubbard's time, pass lightly over this event, and either Ink it not worth fixing a date to, or doubting the authority ■Mr. Hubbard. But I am induced* to believe, that the day the month is right, and that the day of the week is wrong, fhis be the case, we are able to fix the date of the battle ol Peasfieldon July 8. Bristol ferry. 38 PHILIP'S WAR. transported to Rhodeisland, from whence, the next night they got passage over to Pocasset side in Rhode- island boats, and concluded there to dispose them- selves in two ambuscades before day, hoping to sur- prise some of the enemy by their falling into one or other of their ambushments. But Captain Fuller's .^ party being troubled with the epidemical plague of lust after tobacco, must needs strike fire to smoke it.* And thereby dii^covered themselves to a party of the 'enemy coming up to them, who immediately fled with great precipitation. This ambuscade drew off about break of day, per- ceiving [that] they were discovered, the other con- tinued in their post until the time assigned them, and the light and heat of the sun rendered their sta- tion both insignificant and troublesome, and then re- turned unto the place of rendezvous; where they were acquainted with the other party's dis "appoint- meat, and the occasion of it. Mr. Church <;alls for the breakfast he had ordered to be brouj^it over in the boat, but the man that had the charg », of it, con- fessed that he was asleep when the boat'j men call- ed him, and in haste came away and ni. vet thought of it. It happened that Mr. Church had a few cakei of rusk in his pocket, that Madam Cranston,f (th( * It is customary with many to this day i . Rhodeisland, tc use this phrase. If a person tells another tiiat he smoked tO' bacco at any particular time, he will say that he smoked i or " / have smokt it." 1 1 am sorry to acknowledge the war- ■ of information of s conspicuous a character as a Governoar of Rhodeisland, U the histories of Newengland do not tell us there ever w»| such a Governour. Probably the town of Cranston nerpetu | ates his name. From Allen, Biog. 196, it appears tnat Mf | William Coddington was Governour this year, 1675 ; P' there ma^ be no mistake in the text, though this name n»^ been written with variation. From Trumbull's Conn. ^ S66, I find that "John Cranston, Esq., Governour Rhodeisland, [in 1679] >ield a court in Narraganset, in Se^ tember, and made attempts to introduce the authority aj officers of Rhodeisland, into that joart of Connecticut. T»' •^ncral assembly therefore, in October, protested again' PHILIP'S WAR. S0 fGovernour's Lady of Rhodeisland) gave him when he came off the island, which he divided among the company, which was all the provisions they had. Mr. Church after their slender breakfast, proposed [to Captain Fuller, that he would march in quest of. [the enemy, with such of the company as would be Willing to march with him, which he complied with, though with a great deal of scruple ; because of his small numbers, and the extreme hazard he foresaw lust attend them.* ^ But some of the company reflected upon Mr. /hurch, that notwithstanding his talk on the other ^ide of the river, he had not shown them any In- lians since they came over ; which now moved him tell them, that, if it were their desire to see In- dians, he believed he should now soon show them ^hat they should say was enough. The number allowed himf soon drew off to him, I'hich could not be many ; because their whole com- pany consisted of no more than thirty-six. They moved towards Sogkonate, until they came [o the brookj that runs into Nunpaquahqat§ neck ^here they discovered a fresh and plain track, which lis usurpation, apd declared his acts to be utterly void." Thus the spirit of feeling between the two colonies at this >eriod is discovered. Captain FrJler had not proceeded far, before he fell in rith a lar^e number of the enemy, but fortunately he was 1 thd vicinity of the water, and more fortunately, near an ^Id house, in which he sheltered himself and men until a ressel discovered and conveyed them off, with no other loss, pan having two men wounded. He had 17 men in his com- >any. t Nineteen. Hubbard, 85, says, that Mr. Clmrch bad lot above 15 men. ; 1 This brook is that which empties into the bay nearly a iile southward from Howland's ferry. The road to Little /ompton, here, follows the shore of the bay, and crosses said )rook where it meets the bay. ^ Now called Quauciit, a small strait near the brook just lentioned. 40 PHILIP'S WAR. they concluded to be from the great pine swamp, about a mile from the road that leads to Sogkonate. ** Now," says Mr. Church, to his men, " if we follow this track, no doubt but we shall soon see Indians enough.'' They expressed their willingness to fol- low the track, and moved [on] in it ; but [they] had not gone far, before one of them narrowly escaped being bit with a rattlesnake ; and the woods that the track led them through was haunted much with those snakes, which the little company seemed more to be afraid of, than the black serpents they were in quest of; and therefore bent their course anothei way to a place- where they thought it probable to find some of the enemy. 'ETad they kept the track to the pine swamp, they had been certain of meet- ng Indians enough, but not so certain that any of them should have returned to give [an] account no>v J many. Now they passed down into Punkatees* neck, and in their march discovered a large wigwam full of Indian- truck, which the soldiers were for loading' themselves with, until Mr. Church forbid it ; tellin/;^ them they might expect soon to have their hand.« full and business without caring for plunder. Thcnj crossing the head of the creek into the neck, thevj again discovered fresh Indian tracks ; [which had]] very lately passed before them into the neck. Thej, then got privately and undiscovered unto the fence ^ of Captain Almy'sf peas field, and divided into two| {Parties; Mr. Church keeping the one party witbl * A point of land running south nearly two miles betwecof the bay and Little Compton, and a little more than a miltl wide. On Lockwood's map of Rhodeisland it is called PaH'i catest. It is the southern extremity of Tiverton, and bi been known by the name of Pocasset neck. t Captain John Almy, who lived on Rhodeisland ; thi same, 1 presume, mentioned in the beginning of this historjj The land is now owned hy people of the same name, anf Mr Sanford Almy, i^n aged gentlct»\an, lives near the spot. PHILIP'S \VAR. 41 imself, sent the other with Lake,^ who was ac- tainted with the ground, on the other side. Two idians were soon discovered coming out of the ias field towards them, when Mr. Church and those tat were with him, concealed themselves from them falling flat on the ground, but the other division, »t using the same caution, was seen by the enemy, lich occasioned them to run, which, when Mr. lurch perceived, he showed himself to them, and lied ; telling them he desired but to speak with )m, and would not hurt them. But they ran and lurch pursued. The Indians climbed over a fence, ' one of them facing about, discharged his piece, without effect, on the English. One of the Enjg- soldiers ran up to the fence and fired upon him had discharged his piece, and they concluded ihe yelling they heard, that the Indian was wound- But the Indians soon got into the thickets, ince they saw them no more for the present. Ir. Church then marching over a plane piece of md where the woods were very thick on one L ordered his little company to march at a double lance to make as big a show, (if they should be ^overed,) as might be. But before they saw any |y they were saluted with a volley of fifty or six- tuns. Some bullets came very surprisingly near Church, who starting, looked behind him to see^ ^t was become of his men, expecting to have half of them dead ; but seeing them all upon legs, and briskly firing at the smokes of the lies* suns ; (for that was all that was then to [een.)f He blessed God, and called to his men Ls the name of Lake is not mentioned any where else in listory, I eannot determine who this was. Phis was indeed very remarkable, as it appears tnat ing prevented the Indians from taking deliberate aim. I truth of the text must not be doubted, but certainly never worked a ereater miracle in favour of the 'I'rojani ': siege of Troy, than Hesper now did for our heroes. ^.^ & PHILIP'S WAR. Dot to discharge all their guns at once, lest the ene my should take the advantage of such an opportuni-^ ty to run upon them with their hatchets. Their next motion was inmiediately into the pes field.* When they came to the fence, Mr. Churcll bid as many as had not discharged their guns tt clap under the fence and lie close, while the others. at some distance in the field, stood to charge ; hop} ing, that if the enemy should creep to the fence (to gain a shot at those that were charging theii guns,) they mig])t be surprised by those that Tie m der the fence. But casting his eyes to the side of the hill above them, the hifl seemed to move, bein| covered over with Indians, with their bright gun glittering in the sun, and running in a circumferenc with a design to surround them. Seeing such multitudes surrounding him and hi little company, it put him upon thinking what wa liecome of the boats that were ordered to attend him and looking - up, he spied them ashore at Saiidj point,f on the island side of the river,J with a nun ber of horse aifli foot by them, and wondered wha should be the occasion ; until he was afterwards in formed that the boats had been over that mornim from the island, and had landed a party of men Fogland, that were designed in Punkatees neck r -fetch off some cattle and horses, but were an * (Tiverton shore about half a mile above Fogland ferry. The situation of Punkatees is ^iven in a preceding notj It contains nearly two square miles, and it is sufficient if know that it contained the ground on which this battle >nj fought. t There are two Sandy points on the Rhodeisland shonj one above and the other below Fogland ferry; this was tb above. Fogland ferry connects the island with Punkatei and is near the middle of it. I The bay is meant. It being narrow, or from tbx fimrthsto a mile wide, is sometimes called a river, and in f' old charters, Narraganset river. See Douglass, I, 998. PHILIP'S WAR. 49 luscaded, and many of them wounded by the eno- y.* Now our gentleman's courage and conduct were >th put to the test. He encouraged his men, and rders some to run and take a wall for shelter be- [re the enemy gained it. It was time for them now think of escaping if they knew which way. Mr. lurch orders his men to strip to their white shirts^ Lt the islanders might discover them to be £ng- len, and then orders three guns to be fired dis- ^ctly, hoping [that] it might be observed by their mds on the opposite shore. The men that were lered to take the wall being very hungry, stopr awhile among the peas to gather a few, be- about four rods from the wall. The enemy from iind, hailed them with a shower of bullets. But ^n all but one came tumbling over ah old hedge rn the bank, where Mr. Church and the rest were told him, that his brother, B. Southworth,f who the man that was missing, was killed; that they him fall. And so they did indeed see him fall, it was without a shot, and lay no longer than till [had an opportunity to ciap a bullet into one oi enemies' foreheads, and then came running to company. ^he meanness of the English powder was now f r greatest misfortune. When they were imme- tely upon this beset with multitudes of Indians, possessed themselves of every rock, stump, tree [ence, that was in sight, firing upon them without I It i^ mentioned in a later part of this history, that Mr. prch's servant was wounded at Pocasset, while there after lie. This is the time alluded to. Hubhard, 86, says that Ire men coming from Rhodeisland, to look up their cattle in Pocasset neck, were assaulted by the same Indians ; I of the five was Captain Church's servant, who had his t broken in the skirmish, the rest hardly escaping with ir lives ;" and, that " this was the first time that ever any chief was done by the Indians upon Pocasset neck.* 18 was on the same day of the battle of Punkatees. Brother in law to Mr. Church. 44 PHILIP'S WAR. > ceasing ; while they had no other shelter but a smalji bank, and bit of a water fence.* And yet, to add toc^ the disadvantage of this little handful of distressed men, the Indians also possessed themselves of tU ruins of a stone house, that overlooked them. So that now, they had no way to prevent lying quite open to < some or other of the enemy, but to heap up stonei before them, as they did ; and still bravely and won derfoUy defended themselves against all the nun> bers of the enemy. At length came over one of the boats from the U and shore, but the enemy plied their shot so warml] to her, as made her keep at soine distance. Mr Church desired them to send their canoe ashore, t( fetch them on board ; but no persuasions nor argu ments could prevail with them to bring their canoi to shore ; which some of Mr. Church's men per ceiving, began to cry out, for God's sake to tabi them off, for their ammunition was spent ! &c. Mi i Church being sensible of the danger of the enemy j hearinff their complaints, and being made acquainif ed with die weakness and scantiness of their ammunij tion, fiercely called to the boat's master, and biij him either send his canoe ashore, or else be goo presently, or he would fire upon him. Away goes the boat, and leaves them still to si for themselves. But then another difiliculty aroa the enemy, seeing the boat leave them, were ret mated, and fired thicker and faster than ever. U/i on which, some of the men, that were lightest of fo began to talk of attempting an escape by flight, d| til Mr. Church solidly convinced Uiem of the ill practicableness of it, and encouraged them yet. [H| told them, that he had observed so much of the markable, and wonderfiil providence of God, [ij * This indeed will compare with LpveweU's Fight. TJ hero, to prevent being quite encompassedi retreated to I shore of a pond The particulars or which will be foaod| the continuation of thisaistory. See Appendix, XL . PHILIPS WAR. 46 [itherto preserving them, that it encouraged him to elieve, with much confidence, that God would yet reserve them ; that not a hair of their heads should ill to the ground ; bid them be patient, courageous, id prudently sparing of their ammunition, and he le no doubt but they should come well off yet, , [Thus] uptil his little army again resolved, le and all, to stay with, and stick by him. One of jm, by Mr. Church's order, ;was pitching a flat le up on end before him in the sand, when a bul- from the enemy with a full force, struck the \ne while he was pitching it on end, which put poor fellow to a miserable start, till Mr. Church led upon him to observe how God directed the lets, that the enemy could not hit him when in >same place, [and] yet could hit the stone as it erected. '^hile they were thus making the best defence could against their numerous enemies, that le the woods ring with their constant yelling and iting. And night coming on, somebody told Chuith, [that] they spied a sloop up the river far as Goldisland,^ that seemed to be coming m towards them. He looked up and told them, i, succour was now coming, for he believed it was [tain Golding,f whom he knew to be a man for mess, and would certainly fetch theni off if he The wind being fair, the vessel was soon them, and Captain Golding it was. Mr. Chtlrch joon as they came to speak with one another) red him to come to anchor at such a distance the shore, that he might veer out his cable, and afloat ; and let slip his canoe, that it might very small ledgy island a little to the south of the stoue $e, near the middle of the stream, and about 4 or Smiles ; where they were. find nothing relating to, this gentleman excepting what ind in this history. We may infer that li* was a man of H and confidence, by Mr. Church's entrusting him with iportant post at the fight when Philip was killed. 46 PHILIP'S WAR. drive a shore; which directions Captain Goldin^ observed. But the enemy gave him sucti a wami| saUite, that his sails, colours and stern were full of{ bullet holes. The canoe came ashore, but was so small thai she would not bear above two men at a time ; an when two were got aboard they turned her loose to drive a shore for two more. And the sloop's compa- ny kept the Indians in play the while. But when ai last it came to Mr. Church's turn to go aboard, h( had left his hat and cutlass at the well, where h( went to drink when he first came down ; he told hii company, [that] he would never go off and leavf his hat ana cutlass for the Indians, [that] they should never have that to reflect upon him. Though h was much dissuaded from it, yet he would go aiK fetch them. He put all the powder he had left int nis gun, ^and a poor charge it was) and went pre sentmg his gun at the enemy, until he took up wha he went for. At his return he discharged his gu at the enemy, to bid them farewell for that tiin( but had not powder enough to carry the bullet hal way to them. Two bullets from the enemy strut the canoe as he went on board, one grazed the hai of his, head a little before, another stuck in a sma' stake that stood right against the middle of hr; breast.* Now this gentleman with his anni/, making in a twenty men, himself and his pilot being numbcre with them, got all safe on board, after sjix hours 4 gagement with three hundred Indians; [of] wh(| numbers we were told afterwards by, some of theif * The lofty and elegant lines of Barlow, on the conduct| Gen. Patnam at the battle of Bunker's hill, will admira^ apply to bur hero. ** There strides bold Putnam, and from all the plain* Calls the tired troops, the tardy rear sustains. And mid the whizzing lAlhi that skiihthe lowe Waves back his sword^' defies the ibilowing foe.*' Columbia4,.B. v.. 602, &^ 'i-i.^t' Jul] On spoj PHILIP'S WAR. 47 jlves.* A deliveraiioe which that good gentleman ten mentions to tlie glory of God, and his protect- ig providence. The next day,f meeting with the rest of his httlo )mpany4 whom he had left at Pocasset, (that had a small skirmish with the Indians and had two [en wounded) they returned to the Mounthopc gar- ion, which Mr. Church used to call the losing rt. ilr. Church then returned to the island, to seek >vision for the army. [There he] meets with Al- ian,§^a noted Indian, that was just come over the squaw Sachem's cape of Pocasset, having lerted from her, and brought over his family, who re him an account of the state of the Indians, where each of the Sagamore's headquarters Mr. Church then discoursed with some, who iw the spot well, where the Indians said Weeta- |re's|| headquarters were, and offered their service n\oi him [to it.] '^ith this news he hastened to the Mounthopc rison, [and] the army expressed their readiness to »race such an opportunity. lU the ablest soldiers were now immediately drawn"' equipped and despatched upon this design, un- ,the command of a certain omcerilT And having,, rched about two miles, viz., until they caine to [ubbard 95, says that there were seven or eight scores. ', following him, says there were " an huhdred and st five times fifteen terrible Indians." Magfialia, 11, ^ July 19. *'^^' [On Rhodeisland. Mr. Church and his company were ^ported there, as werejCapt. Fuller and his company be- See note 1 on page 39. !^ i [The Indian that killed Philip. : uu -. ^ - f? (Squaw Sachem of Pocasset.) ' fi ) [n account of this " old Qneen" hals been given. See 2 on page S7. f - . . : f I II hafv not learniDd t^ bfficer*s name, but it was Capt. ^ ichman's Lieutenant. I 48 PHlLtl*»S WAR. the cove that lies southwest from the Mount where orders were given for a halt. The commander in chief told them [that] he thouffht it proper to take advice before he went any further; called Mr. Church and the pilot and asked them how they knew that Philip, and all his men were not by that time got to Weetamore's camp; or that all her own men were not by that time returned to her again, with many more frightful questions. Mr. Church told him [that] they had acquainted him with as much lu thev Knew, and that for his part he could discover nothing that need to discourage them fromi proceed- ing; that he thought it so practicable, that he with the pilot, would willingly lead the way to the spot, and hazard the brunt. But the chief commander in- sisted on this, that the enemy's numbers were so great, and he did not know what numbers more^ might be added unto them bv that time ; and his company so small, that he could hot think it practi cable to attack them ; adding moreover, that if he were sure of killing all the enemy and knew that he must lose the life of one of his men in the action, he would not attempt it. " Pray sir, then," replied Mr. Church, [— *]^ " lead your company to yonder windmill on Rhoaeisland, and there they will be oui of danger of being killed by the enemy, and ml shall have less trouble to supply them with provi sions."* But return he would and did unto the gar risen until more strength came to them, and a sloop to transport them to Fallriver,t in order to visii Weetamore's camp. 1 [Pleaseto.] *The action related in the next paragraph was not iintij they returned ; though it might be understood that Chur ' went ** out on a discovery" before^ t (South part of Freetown.) It IS in the town of Troy, wqich was taken from Freetown Fallriver is a local name, derived from a stream that emptid into the bay about a mile above Tiverton line. Probably ni place in tne United States contains 'so many factories!^ so small a compass as this* ■.{ WILIP'S WAK. 4l» Mr. Church, one Baxter, and Captain Hunter, an iflian, proffereJ to go out on the discovery on the jft wing, which was accepted. They had not [arched above a quarter of a mile before they start- three of the enemy. Captain Hunter wounded le of them in the knee, who when ho camo up [to i] he discovered to be his near kinsman. The >tive desired favour for his squaw, if she should into their hands, but asked none for himself; ex- iting the liberty of taking a whiff of tobacco ; ' while he was taking his whiff his kinsman, with blow of his hatchet, despatched him. Proceeding to Weetamore's camp they were dis- ^ered by one of the enemy, jvho ran in and gave l>rmation. Upon which a lusty young fellow left ' Pleat upon his spit,^ running hastily out, told his ipanions [that] he would kill an Englishman be- ! he ate his dinner ; but fa icd of his design ; boing [sooner out than shot down. The enemies' fires, what shelter they had, were by the edge of a Ik cedar swamp, into which on this alarm thoy )ok themselves, and the English as nimbly pursu- but were soon commanded back by their chicf- i, [but not until]* they were come within [the] [ring of the cries of their women and children ; so ended that exploit. But returning to their ip the enemy pursued them, and wounded two of jr men. The next day they returned to the mthope garrison. f 1 [after] [Probably a wooden spit.) These operations took up about four or five days, hence )ave arriyed to the 13 or 14 July. In the course of which S fourteen or fifteen of the enemy were killed. Sec fbard, 87. Holmes, I, 422. These individual efforts of far more consequence than the manceuvres of iain army during the Hame time ; yet Hutchinioni^ H. ns, and some others since; thought them not worth men* ing. C 50 PHILIP'S WAR. Soon after this was Philip's headquarters visited* by some other English forces, but Philip, and his gang had the very fortune to escape, that Weetamore an^ hers (but now mentioned) had. They took into Bwamp, and their pursuers were commanded back. After this Dartmouth's! distresses required succour! fa] great part of the town being laid desolate, an(i| many of the inhabitants killed. The most of Ply^ * A particular account of this afl^ir from our author, woul/ have been ^ratifying. But most other historians before anr since him, have been elaborate upon it. In consequence of .the intelligence gained by Mr. Churcli the army, aft^r finishing the treaty with the NarraeanseU before named, motred to Taunton, where they arrived the 11 July, in the evening ; and on the 18, marched to attack Philip who was now in a great swamp, adjacent to, and on the eas side of Taunton river. The army did not arrive until lati in the day, but soon entered resolutely into the swamp The underwood was thick, and the foe could not b< seen. The first that entered were shot down, but tlii i^est rushing on, soon forced them from their hiding place* and took possession of their wigwams, about 100 in number Nij^iit doming on, each was in danger from his fellow ; firin! at every'bush that seemed to shake. A retreat was now or dered. Concluding that Philip was safely hemmed in, ih Massachusetts forces marched to Boston, and the Connect),! cut troops, being the greatest sufferers, returned home ; lear| ing those of Plymouth to starve out the cnera)r. TrumbullVI Connecticut, I, 332. Ibid. U. S. I, 140. This movement ei the army has been very much censured. Had they press? upon the enemy the next day, it is thought they would hav been easily subdued. But Philip and nis warriours, on Ifr t August, before day, passed the river on rafts, and in grea triumph, marched on into the country of the Nipmucfc About 16 of the English were killed. Ibid. Matner, II 488, .'ays that Philip left: a hundred of his people behind vi^t- fell into the hands of the English. It is sa* d that Philip hi a brother killed in this fight, who was a i hief Captain, am had been educated at Harvard College. Hutch. I^ 365 t That part of Dartmouth which was destroyed is about] miles S. W. from Newbedford, and known by the namei Aponaeanset. The early histories give us no particula about the aft'air, and few mention it at all. Many of the i habitants moved to Rhodeislaud. Middleborough, then ci f (I Nemasket, about this time was mostly burned ; probabij| Mhlie the treaty was concluding with the Narraganscts. PHILIP'S WAR. M mth forces were ordered ttiither. And eoming to istell's garrison* at Ponaganset,f they met with a imber of the enemy, that had surrendered them- Uves prisoners on terms promised by Captain Belt the garrison, and Ralph Earl,| who persuaded ^em (by a friend Indian he had employed) to eome And had their promise to the Indians been kept, id the Indians fairly treated, it is probable that. The cellars of this old earrison are stiU to be seen. Ujr are on the north bank of the Aponaganset about a mile }m its mouth. I was informed by an inhabitant on the spot, It f.onsiderable manoeuvring went on here in those days, le Indians had a fort on the opposite side of the river, and. td to show themselves, and act all manner of mockery, to ;ravate the English ; they being at more than a common ^shot off. At one time one made his appearance, and led his backside in defiance, as usual ; but some one hav- an uncommonly long gun fired upon him and put an end lis mimickry. i similar story is told by the people of Middleborough, ^ich took place a little noith of tne town house, across the ^masket. The distance of the former does not render the py so improbable as that of the latter, but circumstances more autlieiitick. The gun is still shown which perfoi'med astonishing feat. The distance, some say is nearly half lile, which is considerable ground of improbability. That tircumstapce of this kind occurred at both these places, , is a doubt. But it is true that a fight did take place ross the river at Middleborough. 'The Indians came to river and burned a grist mill which stood near the prc- ^t site of the lower factory, and soon after drew off. The lir has been acted over by the inhabitants as a celebration many years since. (In Dartmouth.) ^he word is generally pronounced as it is spelled in the tt, but is ahvays, especially of late, written Aponaganaet. p. Douglass, it appears learned this name Polyganset, when took 9 survey of the country. See his Summary, I, 403. '- 1 can find no mention of these two gentlemen in any of histories. But their names are sufficiently immortalized their conduct in opposing the diabolical acts of govern 5nt for selling prisoners as slaves. It is possible that they [ght decline serving any more in the war, after being so ich abused ; and hence were not noticed by the historians, 10 also pass over this black page of our history, as lightly t possible. 52 PHILIP'S WAR. most, if not all, the Indians in those parts had soon followed the example of those, who had now surren- dered themselves, swhich would have been a good' step towards finishing the war. But in spite of all that Captain Eels, Church or Earl could say, argue, plead or beg, somebody else that had more power in their hands, improved it. And without any regard to the promises made them on their surrendering them- selves, they were carried away to Plymouth, there sold and transported out of the country, being about eight score persons.* An action so hateful to Mr. Church, that he opposed it, to the loss of the good will and respects of some that before were his good friends. But while these things were acting at Dartmouth, Philip made his escape ;t. leaving his country, fled over Taunton river, and Rehoboth plain, and Patui' etf river, where Captain Edmunds^ of Providence made some spoil upon him, and had probably don( more, but was prevented by the coming of a superi our oflicer, that put him by.|| ■■■■ ■ — ■ ■ ■ ■ 111! .1 ■ ■ — II. ■ II ■ I.I »!■. — ■ - ■ III ■ ■ . .ai^fc ■■! II I I I I ■■ ■■ * With regret it is mentioned that the venerable Join Winthrop was Governour of Connecticut, (Connecticut ani Newhaven now forming but one colony) the Hon. Jobi Leverett of Massachusetts, and the Hon. ^osiah Winsloiv oi Plymouth. Rhodeisland, because they chose freedom rathci than aUnery, had not been admitted into the Union. Fron this history it would feeih that one Cranston was Govcrnom of Rhodeisland at this time ; but that colony appears not l> be implicated in this as well as many other acts of maleaii ministration. See note 2 on page 3S. t An account of which is given in note 1 , page 50. X Douglass wrote this word Patuket, as it is now pronounfi «d. Summary, I, 400. It is now often written Paituxct. ii^ IS Blackstone river, or was so called formerly. 6 I find no other account of this officer in the Indian Man only what is hinted at in this history ; from which it appcat| that he was more than once employed, and was in the east cm war. II Hubbard, 91,eays'that Phili)) had about thirty of iiii party killed ; but he takes no notice of Capt. Edmunds' b^| iBg/ml hy, H« said that Capt. Henchman came up to their PHILIPS WAR. 63 And now another fort was buiit at Pocasset,* that roved as troublesome and chargeable as that at [ountliope ; and the remainder of the summer was iproved. in providing for the forts and forces there Maintained ; while our enemies were fled some hun- rcds of miles into the country near as far as Alba- '•+ ^^__^ it not till the skirmish was over. ** But why Philip was [owed no further," he says, " is better to suspend than top ically to inquire into." Hence we may conclude that pursuit was countermanded by Capt. Henchman, who n too late followed after the enemy without any success. The fort here meant was built to prevent Philip's escape the swamp before mentioned. See note 1, on page &0. Church appears early to have seen the folly of fort ding under such circumstances. While that at Mount- i was building, he had seen Philip gaining time ; and e this was building to confine him to a swamp, he was kf^i 'Jng off in triumph. ^: re appears a large chasm in our histor^r including about months, namely, from the escape of Philip on the I Au- , to December ; during which time many circumstances ipired worthy of notice, and necessary to render this ry more^ perfect. Mr. Church appears to have quitted var, and is, perhaps, with his family, lilip having taken up his residence among the Nipmucks ipnets, did not fail to engage them in his cause, n the 14 July a party killed 4 or 5 people at Mendon ivn 37 miles southwest of Boston. ugust 3, Capt. Hutchinson with 30 horsemen went to re- tne treaty with those Indians at a place appointed, near baog, (now Brookfield) a town about 60 miles nearly from Boston ; but on arriving at the place appointen, Indians did not appear. So he proceeded 4 or 5 miles jnd, towards their chief town, when all at once, some dreds of them fired upon the company. Eight were shot n, and 8 others were wounded. Among the latter was t. Hutchinson who died soon after. The remainder escap- 1 Quabiog, and the Indians pursued them. But the Eng- arrived in time to warn the inhabitants of the danger, with themselves crowded into one house. The other s (about 20) were immediately burned down. They besieged the house containing the inhabitants (about and the soldiers. This they exerted themselvet to fir« 54 PHILIP'S WAH. And now strong suspicions began to arise of thei Narraganset* Indians, that they were ill affected anil also, with TarioussucceM for two days, and on the third thejj nearly effected their object by a stratagem. They filled i cart with combustibles and set it on fire, and by means on spUciAj^ poles together had nearly broiy^ht the flames in con-i tact with the house, when Major WiUard arrired with 4ki dragoons and dispersed them. See American Ann. I, 4r 4S4w The Indians about Hadley, who had hitherto kept up tlit^ show of friendship, now deserted their dwellings and drei off after Philip. Toward the last of August, Capt. Been and Gapt. Lotnrop pursued and orertook them,and a fiero battle was fought, in which 10 of the English and 36 Indian: were killed. September I^they burned Deerfield and killed one of tbi inhabitants. The same day (being a fast) they fell unoi Hadley while the people were at meeting, at which tbei were overcome witli confusion. At this crisis, a venerabl gentleman in singular attire appeared among them, and pui 1 ting himself at their head, rushed upon the Indians and dL< persed them, then disappeared. The inhabitants thought a angel bad ^peared, and led them to victory. But it m General Gone, one of the Ju^es of King Charles I, who w secreted in the town. See President Stiles' history of tl Judges, 109, and Holmes, I, 434. About 11 September Gapt. Beers with 36 men went up^ii river to observe how things stood at a new plantation calle Squakeag, now Northfield. The fndians a few days befor (but unknown to them) had fallen upon the pi^ace and kill« V or 10 persons, and now laid in ambush mr the EnglisI Whom it appears they expected. They had to march near! 30 miles through ja hideous forest. On arriving within thn miles of the plaee^hey were fired upon by a host of enemit and a lai^e ^a|)ortion of their number fell. The othti gained an eminence and fought bravely till their Gaptai was slain, when they fled in every direction. Sixteen oa' escaped. Hubbard, 107. On the Idth following, as Gapt. Lothroji with 80 men vi guarding s ^e carts from Deerfield to H'sdley, theywd •M»m -** * It was believed that the Indians generally returned frt the wester frdtktier along the Gonneeticut, and took their wmter c{uarters amoni; the Narragansets: but wheti Philip did is uneerta^n. ^me suppose that ne visited Mohawks and Canada Indians for assistance* v PHILIP'S WAR. esi Migned mischief. And so the event soon disco* )red. The next winter they began their hostilities m the English. The united colonies then iigreed send an army to suppress them : Governour W ins- to command the army.* I He undertaking the expedition, invited Mr. Church command a company, [ — y^ which he declined ; 1 [in the expedition] m upon, and, including teamsters, 90 were slain ; 7 or ily escaped. Ibid. 108. October 5, the Springfield Indians having been joined bjr M 300 of Philip's men began the destruction of Spring^ ' 1. But the attack beine expected, Major Treat was sent who was then at Westneld, and arrived in time to save ;h of the town from the flames, but, 33 housed were sumed. Holmes, I, 425. October 19, Hatfield was assaulted on all sides by 7 or' 800 lans, bat there being a considerable number of men well pared to receive them, obliged them to flee without doinff ;h damage. A few out buildings were burned, and le of the defenders killed, but we have no account how [ly. Holmes, 1, 435. says this afl'air took place at Hadlev ; i Hubbard whom he cites, 116, sajs it was at Hatfield. \ places are only separated by a bridge over the Con- ticut, and were formerly included under the same name, [r. Hoyt in his Antiquarian Researches, 136, thinks that ras in this attack that Gen. Gofie made his appearance, [ause Mr. Hubbard takes no notice of an attack u{)on that ce in Sept. 1675, which, if there had been one, it would have escaped his notice. But this might have been un- iced by Mr. Hubbard as well as some other afiairs of i war. ^hus are some of the most important events sketched in hero's absence, and we may now add concerning him it Homer did of Achilles' return to the siege of Troy. Then great Achilles, terroarof the plain, , Long lost to battle, shone in arms again. Iliad, II, B. XX, 67. It was to consist of 1000 men and what friendly Indiana [uld join them. Massachusett» was to furnish 537, Ply- mth 158, Conuecticut 315. Major Robert Treat with >se of Connecticut, Maj. Bradford with those of Plymouth, i Maj. Samuel Appleton with those of Massachusetts, le whole under Gen. Josiah Winslow. American Annals, 1436. 56 PHILIP'S WAtt. craving excuse from taking [a] commission, [butj ne promises to wait upon him as a Reformado [a v< lunteer] through the expedition. Having rode wit!| the General to Boston, and from thence to Rehobotiij upon the General's request he went thence the near] est way over the ferries, with Major Smith,^ to iii| garrison in the Narraganset country, to prepare ami provide for the coming of Gener?il Winslow, wlr marched round through the country with his armj proposing by night to surprise Pumham,f a certaii Narraganset sachem, and his town ; but being awan of the approach of our army, made their escape in to the deserts|. But Mr. Church meeting with fai winds, arrived safe at the Major's garrison in thi evening,*^ and soon began to inquire after the ene my's resorts, wigwams or sleeping places ; and hai ^^ ing gained some intelligence, he proposed td the El dridges and some other brisk hands that he met witi to attempt the surprising of some of the enemy, t make a present of, to the General, when he shoul arrive, which might advantage his design. Bein; brisk' blades they readily complied with the mo tion, and were soon upon their march. The nigli was very cold, but blessed with the moon. Befor r| * This gentleman, Mr. Hubbard informs us, Nar. l:2i lived in Wickford where the arm^^ was to take up its heai quarters. Wickford is about 9 miles N. W. from Newpa on Narraganset bay. t rSachem of Shawomot or Warwick.) Tnis Sachem had signed the treaty in July, wherein su ' great faith and fidelity were promised. See note 3 on paf^ 36, A few days before the great swamp fight at Narragan*' Gapt. Prenfice destroyed his town after it was deserted, hi m July, 1676, he was killed by some of the Massachusetti men, near Dedham. A grandson of his was taken beforj this, by a pai.. nnder Capt. Denison, who was esteemed tli| best soldier a most warlike of all the Narrcganset chiel^ Trumbull,!, k.. - '\ I It appef rs that all did not escape into the deserts. Th .beroick Ca 4. Mosely captured 36 on hb way to Wickford.^ §DeceD^oer 11. .'J.- PHILIP'S WAR. 61 le day broke they effected their exploit ; and, by le rising of the sun, arrived at the Major^s garrison, [here they met the General, and presented him with Ightecn of the enemy, [which] they had captivated, ihe General, pleased with the exploit, gave them [anks, particularly to Mr. Church, the mover and fief actor of the business. And sending two of sm (likely boys) [as] a present to Boston ; [and] filing on Mr. Church, told him, that he made noi ibt but his faculty would supp'" ♦hem with In- in boys enough before the war wi^ ended, ^heir next move was to a swamp,* which the In- is had fortified with a fort.f Mr. Church rode in General's guard when the bloody engagement ■■ ■ ■ ■ — ■ ■■'■ ■■■»» W ■ !■■ »■■ . II ■ II. ■ I I ■^^^■^ ^>— . [ubbard, 1S6, savs that the army was piloted to thit |e by one Peter, a fugitive Indian, who fled from the Nar« insets, upon some discontent, and to him they were in<* ted, in a great measure for their success^ How long be- the army would have found the enemy,, or on whsMt part \e fort they would have (alien « is uncertain. It appear^^ had thev come upon any other part, they must have repulseci. Whether this Peter was the son of Awash- ?, or Peter Nunnuit, the husband of Wectamore, the ;en of Pocasset, is uncertain. But Mr. Hubbard ^ylcs a fugitive from the Narragansets. If he were a Narra- Iset, he was neither. Before this, on the 14, a scout under Serceant Beiuiet kill- tvKt and took four prisoners. The rest of the same compa- iin ranging the country, came upon a town, burned 150 nvams, killed 7 of the enemy and brought in eight priso- B. On the 15, some Indians came under the pretence of Ling peace, and on their return killed several of the Eng- L ^vho were scc:ttered on their own busines.*;. Captain Hely, while escorting Maj. Appleton*s men to duartcrs, ; fired upon by 20 or 30 of the enemy from behiha a stone 11, but were immediately dispersed,, leaving one dead. On 1 10, thcjy received the news that Jerry Bull's garrison at [tyquaoiscot, was burned,, and 15 persons killed. On the the Connecticut forces arrived, who on their way haifi 60 PHILIP'S WAR. lev, and unexpected clap on their backs, that they, who escaped with their lives, were so surprised, thati they scampered, they knew nvit whither themselves. About a dozen of them ran right over the log into the fort, and took into a sort of hovel that was builtl with poles, after the manner of a com crib. Mr. Church's men having; their cartridges fixed, were soon ready to obey his orders, which were immedi* ately to charge and run [ — y^ upon the hovel and over- set it ; -calling as he ran on, to some that were in the fort, to assist him in oversetting it. They no sooner came to face the enemy's shelter, but Mr. Churcli discovered that one of them had found a hole to point his gun through right at him. But however [he] encouraged his company, and ran right on, till he was struck with three bullets ; one in his thigh, which was near half cut off as it glanced on the joint of his hip bone ; another through the gather ings of his breeches and drawers with a small flesli wound ; a third pierced his pocket, and wounded : pair of mittens that he had borrowed of CaptaiD, Prentice ; being wrapped up. together, had the mis- fortune of having many holes cut through them wil one bullet. But however he made shift to keep oi liis legs, and nimbly discharged his gun at them that had wounded him. Being disabled now to go a step, his men would have carried him off, but he forbi lodge in, who otherwise would necessarily perish ith the storms and cold ; and moreover that the rmy had no othei provisions to trust unto or depend pon; that he knew that the Plymouth forces had iot so much as one [biscuit]^ lefl, for he had seen eir last dealt out, Cl.c.* The General advisins a w words with the gentlemen that were about him oved towards the fort, designing to ride in himself id bring in the whole army ; but just as he was en- ring the swamp one of his Captains met him, and iked him, whither he was going ? He told him <*In the fort." The Captain laid hold of his horse d told him, [that] his life was worth an hundred of .eirs, and [that] he should not expose himself. The eneral told him, that, he supposed the brunt was ^er, and that Mr, Church had informed him that e fort was taken, <&c. ; and as the case was cir- imstanced, he was of the mind, that it was most acticable for him and his army to shelter them- Ives in the fo t. The Captain in a great heat re- ied, that Church lied; and told the General, that, he moved another step, towards the fort he would cot his horse under him. Then [bristled]^ up i[biskakc] ^[brasled] •Thus the heroick Church discovered not only great rayery in battle, but judgment and forethought. Had hii Ivice been taken, no doubt many lives woiUd have been ived. It may be remarked, that notwithstanding Mr* [hurch so distinguished himself in this fight, his name is not ■^ntioned by our chief historians. 6d PHILIPS WAR. anodicr gentleman, a certain Doctor,^- and oppoiCfi Mr. Church's advice, and said, [that] if it were com- plied with, it would kill more men than the enemy hod killed. *^ For (said he) by tomorrow the wound- ed men will be so stiff, that there will be no moving of them." And looking upon Mr. Church, and see- ing the blood flow apace from his wounds, told him, tliat if he gave such advice as that was, he should bleed to death like a dog, before they would endea- vour to stanch his blood. Though after the^ had prevailed against his advice they were sufficiently kind to him. And burning up all the houses and provisions in the fort, the army returned the same night in the storm and cold. And I suppose that every one who is acquainted with that night's march, deeply laments the miseries that attended them; especially the wounded and dying men.f But it mercifully came to pass that Captain Andrew Bel- cher} arrived at Mr. Smith's that very night from Boston with a Tessel laden with provisions for the army, which must otherwise have perished for want. Some of the enemy that were then in the fort have since informed us that, near a third of the Indians belonging to all the Narraganset country, were kill- * I have not been able to learn the name' of the beforemen* tioned Captain nor Doctor. Perhaps it is as well if their memories oe buried in oblivion. Trumbull says that, they had the best surgeons which the country could produce, Hist. Con. I, 340. In another place, I, 346, Mr. Gerghoin Bulkley,he8ays, " was viewed one of the greatest physicians and surgeons then in Connecticut." fWhat rendered their situation more intolerable, was, beside the severity of the cold, a tremendous storm filled the atmosphere with snow ; through which they had 18 miles to march before they arrived at their headquarters. See Hist. Connecticut, I, 340. t The father of Oovernour Belcher. He lived at Cam-' bridge, and was one of his Majestv^s council. No one was mori| respeeted for integrity, and it is truly said, that h^ was ** Ml ornament and blessing to his country." He died October 81, 1738, aged 71. £liot, &3. PHILIP'S WAR. 03 ed by the English, and by the cold of that night;* that they fled out of their fort so hastily, that they carried nothing with them, that if the English had kept in the fort, the Indians would certainly have been necessitated, either to surrender themselves to them, or to have perished by hunger, and the seve- [rity of the season. f Some time ailer this fort fight, a certain Sogkon- ite Indian, hearing Mr. Church relate the manner »f his being wounded, told him, [that] he did not mow but he himself was the Indian tnat wounded kim, for that he was one of that company of Indians [that Mr. Church made a shot upon, vhen they were rising to make a shot into the fort. They v ere in lumber about sixty or seventy that just the \ canic lown from Pumham's townf and neier be^">re then Ired a gun against the English. That when JK .*. _ ^ * Mr. Hubbard, 1S5, mentions, that one Potr 'k, h gre4t counsellor among them, confessed on being tabdi^, that the Indians lost 700 lighting men, besides 800, who >.iicd of their ivounds. Many old persons, children and wounded, no loubt perished in the flamef their wounds ; and about 300 or 350 Indians, men, women ind children were killed, and as many more captivated.f It Is said 500 wigwams were burned r-Hh the fort, and 200 more in other parts of Narraganset. '*" he place of the fort ^wasan elevated ground, or piece of upland, of, perhaps, 3 or U acres, in the middle of a hideous swamp, about 7 miles [nearly due west from Narragans«rl, south ferry.|) I What is now Warwick. Sec note 2, page 56. * The old copy of this history, from which I print this, gives the date, i Dec. 29, but it must be a ':nisprint. f Perhaps later writers are more correct with regard to the loss of the ! Engtuh, thim our author. It is said that there were above 80 slain, and 1 160 wounded, who afterwards recovered. Hist. Con. ^, 340. 4: The swamp where this battle' was fought b in Sottthlungitoiiy Itliodt- ! isluid, situ»(ed as mentioned above. 64 PHILIPS WAR. I Church fired upon them he killed fourteen dead upon the spot, and wounded a greater number than he killed. Many of which died afterwards of their wounds, in the cold and storm [of] the following night. Mr. Church was moved with other wounded men, over to Rhodeislrjid, where in about three months' time, he was in some good measure rceovercd of his wounds, and the fever that attended them } and then went over to the General* to take his leave of him, with a design to return home.f But the Gene* * General Winslow, with the Plymouth and Massachusetts forces, remained in the Narraganset country most of the winter, and performed coiisiderable against the enemy, The Connecticut men under Major Treat, being much cut to pieces, returned home. t While our hero is getting better of his wounds we will take a short view of what is transacting abroad. The enemy, toward the end of January, left their country and moved off to the Nipmucks. A party, in their way, drove off 15 horses, 50 cattle and 200 sheep, from one of the inhabitants of Warwick. On the 10 Feb., several hundreds of them fell upon Lancaster ; plundered and burned a great part of the town, and killed or captivated forty pcrson^ Denison of Connecticut with a few brave volunteers perj formed signal services. In the first of April he killed and tooii| 44 of the enemv, and before the end of the month 76 more| were killed and taken, all without the loss of a man. In th(| begiHning of April the Wamesit Indians did some mischief at^ Chelmsfbrd, on Merrimack river, to which it appears thej: ht^d been provoked^ On the I7j the remaining houses i'^ PHILIP»S WA&. d5 iFs great importunity again pers'iaded him to ac- iompany him in a long march^ into the Nipmackf mntry, though he had then tents in his wounds, id so lame as not [to be] able to mount his horse rithout two men's assistance. In this march, the first thing remarkable was, they ime to an Indian town, where there were many wig- wams in sight, but an icy swamp, lying between them id the wigwams, prevented their running at once m it as they intended. There was much firing upon Ich side before they passed the swamp. But at igth the enemy all fled and a certain Mohegan, [at was a friend.Indian, pursued and seized one of enem} that had a small wound in his leg, and mght him before the General, where he was ex- lined. Some were for torturing him to bring him irlborough were consumed. The jiext day, 18 April, th^y ne furiously upon Sudbury. (Some account of wni^h will given in an ensuing note.) Near the end of April, Scitu- about SO miles from Boston, on the bay, had 19 houses barns burned. The inhabitants made a gallant resist- te and put the enemy to flight. May 8, they burned 17 ises and barns at Bridgewater, alarge town about 30 miles ^th of Boston. Mather, Magnalia, If, 497, says that, ** not inhabitant was lost by this town during the war, neither ing nor old ; that when their dwellings were fired at this le, God, from heaven, fought for them with a storm of ^htning, thunder and rain, whereby a great part of their ises were preserved." On the 11, the town cf Plymouth 1 16 houses and barns burned ; and two days after 9 more. Iddleborough, 38 miles from Boston, had its few remaining |uses burned the same day. These were the most distressing days that Neweng- id ever beheld. Town after town Tell a sacrifice to their ry. All was fear and consternation. Few there were, 10 were not in mourning for some near kindred, and no- |inz but horruur stared them in the face. But we are now tu tne affairs of Philip decline. I* I cannot find as any other historian has taken notice of [is expedition of the commander in chief. It appears f^om Sat is above stated that it was in March, 1676. 1 1 (Country about Worcester, Oxford, Graftonj Dudley, 6d PHILIP'S WAR; to a ittore ample confession of what he knew con-. corning bis countrymen. Mr. Church, verily believ-{ lag [that] he had been ingenuous in his confession, interceded and prevailed for his escaping torture. But the army being bound forward in their march,! and the Indian's wound somewhat disenabling him' for travelling, it was concluded [that] he should be knocked on the head. Accordingly ne was brought before a great fire, and the Mohegan that took him was allowed, as he desired to be, his executioner. Mr. Church taking no delight in the sport, framed an errand at some distance among the baggage horses, and when he had got ten rods, or thereabouts, from the fire, the executioner fetching a blow with a hatchet at the head of the prisoner, he being aware of the bkyw, dodged his head aside, and the execu- tionrer missing his stroke, the hatchet flew out of his handy and had like to have done execution where il Was not designed. The prisoner upon his narroMf escape broke from them that held him, and notwith- standing his wound, made use of bis legs, and hap- pened to run right upon Mr. Church, who laid hold; on him, and a close scuffle they had ; but the Indian having no clothes on slipped from him and ran agaio, and Mr. Church pursued [him,]^ although being /| lame there was no great odds in the race, until the Indian stumbled and fell, and [then], they closeii again — sensed and fought pretty smartly, until the Indian, by the advantage of his nakedness, slipped from his hold again, and set out on his third race.^ with Mr. Church close at his heels, endeavouring to lay hold on the hair of his head, which was all the hold could be taken of him. And running througli a swamp that was covered with hollow ice, it made so loud a noise that Mr. Church expected (but inJ vain) that some of his English friends would follo«| the noise and come to his assistance. But the In| diQa happened to run athwart a large tree that laf| I [the Indian] PHILIP'S VfAVU m lien neair breast high, where he stopped and cried >ut aloud for help. Byt Mr. Church being soon ipon him afrJr^ the Indian seized him fast by the lair of his hcod, and endeavoured by twisting to »reak his neck. But though Mr. Church's wounds lad somewhat weakened him, and the Indian a stout illow, yet he held him in play and twisted the In- lian's neck a9 well, and todk the advantage of many Opportunities, while they hung by each other's hair, ive him notorious bunts in the face with his Itead. It in the heat of the scuffle they heard the ice reak, with somebody'^s coming apace to them, which len they heard. Church concluded there was help n one or other of them, but was doubtful Wirich of \em must now receive the fatal stroke — anon some*- ly comes up to them, who proved to be the In- [an that had first taken the prisoner ; [and] with- it speaking a word, he feh them out, (for it was dark he could not distinguish them by sight, the le being clothed and the other naked) he felt "lere Mr. Church's hands were fastened in the Ne- >'s* hair and with one blow settled his hatchet in itween them, and [thus] ended the strife. He then »oke to Mr. Church and hugged him in his arms, id thanked him abundantly for catching his prison- [He then]^ cut off the head of his victim and rried it to the camp, and [after] giving an account the rest of the friend Indians in the camp how ^r. Church had seized h'^ prisoner, &.C., they all >ined in a mighty shout. Proceeding in this march they had the success of illing many of the enemy ; until at length their Revisions failing, they returned home. King Philipf (as was before hinted) wa» fled tO a 1 [and] ■ -•■■-■•■ * Tike Netop i«idians were a small tribe amoniiptke Sogko- [fit was 8(upp«(teed by m^ny eliat Philip was at the greil fight at Narraganset in December, 1976. See note 1^ 66 PHILIP»S WAR. place called Scattacook,* between York and Albany, ■ where the Moohagsf made a descent upon him and I killed many of his men, which moved him fromi thence.l His next kennelling place was at the fall^ of Con- necticut river, where, sometime after Captain Tur- ner found him, [and] came upon him by night, kill- ed him a great many men, and frightened many more into the river, that were hurled down the falls and drowned.jl *^ '■■■■■ ■■ "P I ■■ I ■ T II I —— ^». ■■!■■!■ I I — — ^— .— ^.^M— — I ■ I mm *It is above Albany, on the east side of the north branch of the Hudson, now called Hoosac river, about 15 miles fron Albany. Smith wrote this word Scaghtahook. History R York, 307; t (Mohawks.) This word according to Roger Williams, is derived from the word moho, which signifies to eat. Or Mohawks si^nifr ed cannibals or man eaters among the other tribes of Indians. Trumbull, U. States, I, 41. Hutchinson, 1, 406. This tribe was situated along the Mohawk river, from whom it took it> ' name, and was one of the powerful Fivenations, who in 1713, were joined by the Tuskarora Indians, a large tribe from K' Carolina, and thence known by the name of the Sixna tions. Williamson, N. Carolina, I, 303. Hon. De Wir Clinton, in N. Y. Hist. Soc. Col. II, 48, says the Tuskarora^ joined the other nations in 17 IS. I Philip despairing of exterminating the English with hii Newengiand Indians resorted to the Mohawka to persuade them to engage in his cause. Thev not being willing, h( had recourse to a foul expedient. Meeting with some Mo- hawks in the woods, hunting, he caused them to be murdered; and then informed their friends, that the English had donr it. But it so happened that one, which was left for deail, ,,, revived and returned to his friends, and informed themo(| the truth. The Mohawks in just resentment fell upon hid and killed many of his men. Adams, Hist. N. Eng. 135. 6 ^ Above Deerfield.) ft nas been suggested, and it is thought very appropriat^l ly to call that cataract, where Capt.Turner destroyed th^l Indians, Turner's Falls. See Antiquarian Researches, ldl| II Philip with a great company of his people had taken stand at the fall in Connecticut river for the convenience ol getting a supply of fish, after the destruction of their pM*! visions at the great swamp fight in Narraganset, Somy PHILIP'S WAll. 60 Philip got over the river, and on the back side of /etuset* hills, meets with all the remnants of the farraganset and Nipmuckf Indians, that were there fathered together, and became very numerous; .id [then] made their descent on SudburyJ and the djacent parts of the country, where they met with, risoners deserted and brought news to Hadley, Hatfield id Northampton of the Indians' situation at the falls. On ^ 18 May, 160 men under Capt. Turner arrived near their irters at daj break. The enemy were in their wigwams leep, and without guards. The English rushed upon them kd nred as ihey rose from sleep, which so terrified them it they fled in every direction ; crying out " Mohawks ! )hawks!" Some ran inter the river, some took canoes, in their fright forgot the paddles, and were precipitated rn the dreadful fall and dashed in pieces. Tne enemy is iuosed to have lost 300. The English having finis^d the rk, began a retreat ; but the Indians, on recovering from ^ir terror fell upon their rear, killed Capt. Turner and 38 'lis men. See American Annals, I, 430. Why is the le of Turner not found in our Biographical Dictionaries.' In the north part of the present town of Princetown in jjrcester county, about 50 miles W. of Boston. Mr. Hub- 1 wrote this word Watchuset, and Dr. Morse, Wachusett, calls it a mountain. See Univ. Gaz. But in this, as well lany other words, the easiest way is the best way ; hence ichuset is to be preferred. '''' ■ (4boutRutlaTid.) was just said that the Nipmuck country was about Wor- ker, Oxford, &c. See note 2 on page 65. Nipmuck was bneral name for all Indians beyond the Connecticut to- rn Canada. On the 27 March, 1676, some persons of Marlbo- 5h joined others of Sudbury, and went in search of the Imy. They came upon nearly 300 of them before day a kp by their fires, and within half a mil^ qjT a garrison |se. The English though but 40 in number ventured to upon them; and before they could arouse and es- (, they had several well directed fires, felHing and mding about 80. On 18 April, as has been before noted, T furiously fell upon Sudbury, burned several houses and IS and killed several persons. Ten or 12 persons that >e from Concord, 5 miles distant, to assist their friends, le drawn into an ambush, and all killed or taken. Hub- 1, 182, 184. 70 PHILIP'S WAR. and swallowed up [the] valiant Captain Wadsworthf and Ills company ; and many other doleful desolaJtioni in those parts. The news whereof coming to Ply. mouth, and they expecting [that,] probably, the ene- my would soon return again into their colony, the council of war were called together, and Mr. Church was sent for to them ; being observed by the whole colony to be a person extraordinarily qualified for, and adapted to the affairs of war. It was proposed in coun- cil, that lest the enemy in their return, should fall on Rehoboth, or some other of their out towns, a com- pauy consisting of sixty or seventy men, should be sent into those parts, and [that] Mr. Church [be] in- vited to take the command of them. He told tnem that if the enemy returned into that colony again, thej *Capt. Samuel Wadsworth, father of president Wads- worth of Harvard College. Capt. Wadsworth was sent from Boston with 50 men to relieve Marlborough. After marcb ing 25 miles, they were informed that the enemy had gone toward Sudbury ; so without stopping to take any rest, thej pursued after thein. On coming near the town, a part^ iiy the enemy were discovered, and pursued about a mile intt the woods, when on a sudden they were surrounded on ali sides by 500 Indians, as was judged. No chance of escapt appeared. This little band of brave men now resolved t; iignt to the last man. They gained an eminence, whict they maintained for some time : at length, night approach ing, they began to scatter, which gave the enemy the advan- tage, and nearly every one was slain. This was a dreadful blow to the country. It is not certain that any ever escaped to relate the sad tale. President Wadsworth erected a monu ment where this battle was fought with this inscription. " Captain Samuel Wadsworth of Milton, his LieutenaD!| Sharp of Brookline, Captain Broclebank of Rowley, yi'm about Twenty Six* other souldiers, fighting for the deleDcf of their country, were slain by the Indian enemy April IStlr 1676, and lye buried in this place." j " This monument stands to the west of Sudbury causeiva| about one mile southward of the church in old Sudbury, ao about a quarter of a mile from the great l*oad, that W from Worcester to Boston." Holmes, I, 439. Sudbury i about 23 miles from Boston. * Suppoted to be the number of bodies found. PHIUF'S WA^. 71 Imight reasonably expect that they would come v«ry lumcrous, and if he should take the comipuid of len he should not lie in any town or gar^soo nth them, but would lie in the woods as the eae^y lid — and that to send out such small companies jainst such multitudes of the enemy that were pow lustered together, would be but to deliver so many len into their hands, to be destroyed, as the worthy Baptain Wadsworth and his company were. His Ivice upon the whole was, that, if they sent out ly forces, to send no less than three hundred sel- lers ; and that the other colonies should be asked send out their quotas also ; adding, that, if tliey tended to make an end of the war by subduing the ^emy, they must make a business of the war as the jmy did 5 and that for his own part, he had wholly |d aside all his own private business and concerns, ;r since the war broke out.* He told them that, [they would send forth such forces as he should [ect [them] to, he would go with then^ for six iks march, which was long enough for men to be >t in the woods at once ; and if they might be ^e of liberty to return in such a space, men would out cheerfully ; and he would engage [that] one idred and fifty of the best soldiers siiould imme- ^tely list, voluntarily, to go with him, if they would |ase to add fiftv more ; and one hundred of the md Indians. And with such an army, he made doubt, but he might do good service, but on other IS he did not incline to be concerned, 'heir reply was, that, they were already in debt, so big an army would bring such a charge upon |m, that they should never be able to pay. And |for sending out Indians, they tliought it no ways disable; and in short, none of his advice practi- »le. It will be discoverable in almost every step onward, how lefully Mr. Church was tretil^d by goveromeri for aU l&crvices. 1i piiiLip»s WAil. Now Mr. Church's consort, and his then only son were till this time* remaining at' Duxbury ; and his fearing their safety there, (unless the war were more vigorously engaged in) resolved to move to Rhode* island, though it was much opposed, both by govern- ment and relations. But at length the Governour, considering that he might be no less serviceable, by being on that side of the colony, gave his permit, and wished [that] he had twenty more as good men to send with him. i Then preparing for his remova^he went with hist small family to Plymouth to take leave of their friends, Where they met with his wife's parents, who much persuaded tnat she might b51eft at Mr. Clark's garrison, (which they supposed to be a mighty safe place) or a\ least that she might be ther^, until her soon expected lying in was over ; (being near her time.) Mr. Church no ways inclining to venture her any longer in those parts, and no arguments prevail- ing with him, he resolutely set out for Taunton, and many of their friends accompanied them. There they fouild Captain Peircef with a commanded • The beginning of March, 1676. t This gentleman belonged to Scituate, as is seen in note to page 64. I have learned no particulars of him, except what ar«i furnished in the Indian wars. It appears that he was nofff on his march into the Narraganset country, having heardi that manv of the enemy had collected at Pawtuxet, a fevl miles to the southward of Providence. He being a man off great .courage, and willing to engage the enemy on anvf ground, was led into a fatal snare. On crossing the Paw-f tuxet river he found himself encircled by an overwhelming number. He retreated to the side of the river to prevent^ being surrounded ; but this only alternative failed : For th«| enemy crossing the river above, came upon their backs withi the same deadly effect as those in front. Thus they had tol contend with triple numbers, and a double disadvantage! Means was (bund to despatch a messenger to Providence lorj succour, but through some unaccountable default in him, orl them to whom it was delivered, none arrived until too latM The scene vas horrid *'*»yob%l description ! Some say that ail the English were slain, others, that oae only escaped, yfhm PHILIP»S WAR. 78 party, who offered Mr. Church to send a relation of I his with some others to guard him to Rhodcisland. JBut Mr. Church thanked him for his respectful offer, mt for some good reasons refused to accept it. In ihort, they got safe to Captain John Almy's* house ipon Rhodeisland where they met with friends and rood entertainment. But by the way let me not )rget this remarkable providence, viz., that within rentyfour hours, or thereabouts, after their arrival Rhodeisland, Mr. Clark's garrison, that Mr. Churcii [as so much importuned to leave his wife and chil- ren at, was destroyed by the enemy. f .Mr. Church being at present disabled frorn any irticular seivice in the war, began to think of somo ler employ. But he no sooner took a tool to cut IS effected as follows. A friendly Indian pursued him with upliltcd tomahawk, in the face of lhc*cncmy, who ccnsiii- (ng his fate certain, and that he was wursued by on« x>f »ir own men, made no discovery of the stratagem, and \\i escaped. Another friend Indian seeing that the battV* I lost, blackened his face with |-.owiler and ran among tlic Mny, whom they took to be one of themselves, who alro tve painted black, then presently escaped into the woods. lolhcr was pursued, who hid behind a vock, and hia pursu- lay Fecreted near to $hoot him when he ventured cut. kt lie behind the rock put his hat or cap upon a stick, and Uing it up in sight, the other fired unon it. He dropping I stick ran upon him before he could reload his gun and »t him dead. See Hubbard, Nar. 151, &c. It appears It Canonchet, a Narra^anset chief, who afterwards fell lo the hands of the brave Capt. Denison commanded in Is battle. See Hist. Connect. 344. .See note 2 on page 40. On the 12 March Mr. Clark's house was assaulted b« the iians, who after barbarously murdering 11 persons, belon^- t to two families, set it on fire. Mr. Hubbard, 1 55, says; that lie cruelty was the more remarkable, in that they had in received much kindness from the said Clark." Philip bpposed to have conducted this affair. About the time it that chief fell, 200 Indians dJelivered thenselves prison- I at Plymouth, 8 of whom were found to have been among |se who murdered Mr. Clark's family and were executed, le rest were taken into Cavour. Ibid. 216. D 74 PHILIP'S WAR. a small stick, but he cut off the top of his fore fin- ger, and the next to it half off; upon which he smilingly said, that he thought he was out of his way to leave the war, and resolved he would [go] .to war again. Accordingly his second son being born on the 12th of May, and his wife and son [likely]^ to do well, Mr. Church embraces the opportunity of a pas- sage in a sloop bound to Barnstable, [which]' land- ed him at Sogkonesset,* from whence he rode to Plymouth, and arrived there the first Tuesday in June.f The General Court then sitting, welcomed him, and told him [that] they were glad to see him alive. He replied, [tnat] he was as glad to see them alive; for he had seen so many fires and smokes towards their side of the country, since he left them, that he could scarce eat or sleep with any comfort, for feaj they had all been destroyed. For all travelling was stopped, and no news had passed for a long time, together. He gave them an account,J that the Indians had made horrid desolations at Providence, Warwick^ Pawtuxet, and all over the Narraganset country | and that they prevailed daily against the English- os that side of the country. [He] told them [that] lie longed to hear what methods they designed [to take in the war. They told him [that] they were par 1 [like] 2 [who] * Known now by the name of Wood's hole. It is in thfj town of Falmouth, not far to the eastward of Sogkonate pointi Douglass wrote this name Soconosset, and Hutchinson Suca| Qessl^. A small clan of Indians resided here from whom i took its name. . t Namely the 8. * X We should not suppose that this was the first intelligenc(| that the people of Plymouth received of the destruction ()(| those places, as this visit was nearly 8 months after the dei truction of Warwick, Providence^ occ, and about 4 fromtb cutting off of Capt, Pierce j yet it might be the case. PHILIP'S WAR. 76 ticularly glad that providence had brought kirn there at that juncture ; for they had concluded the very next day to send out an army of two hundred men ; two thirds English, and one third Indians i in some measure agreeable to his former proposal— expect- ing Boston and Connecticut to join with their quotas. In short, it was so concluded, and that Mr. Church should return to the island, and see what he could muster there, of those who had moved from Swan- zey, Dartmouth, &c. ; so returned the same way [that] he came. When he came to Sogkonesset, he had a sham put upon him about a boat [which] he had bought to go home in, and was forced to Lire two of the friend Indians to paddle him in a canoe from Elizabeth's* to Rhodeisland. It fell out, that as they were on their voyage pass- ing by Sogkonate point,f some of the enemy were upon the rocks a fishing. He bid the Indians that [managed the canoe, to paddle so near the rocks, as that he might call to those Indians ; [and] told them, that he had a great mind ever since the war broke lout to speak with some of the Sogkonate Indians, and that they were their relations, and therefore they need not fear their hurting of them. And he add- |ed, that, he had a mighty conceit, that if he could get a fair opportunity to discourse [with] them, that [he could draw them off from Philip, for he knew [that] they never heartily loved him. The enemy iiallooed, and made signs for the canoe to come to them ; but when they approached them they skulked ,and hid in the clefts of the rocks. Then Mr. [Church ordered the canoe to be paddled off again, lest, if he came too near, they should fire upon him. [Then the Indians appearing again, beckoned and * From Woods hole or Sogkonesset to this island is 1 mile. t A little north of this point is a small bay called Ch*Arch*9 I cove, and a small cape about 3 miles further north bears the name of Church's point. 79 PHILIP'S WAR. calleii'iii the Indian language, and b* : tjicin come ashore, for they wanted to speak ^ith [them.]' The Indians in the canoe answered them again, but they on the rocks told them, that the surf made such a noise against the rocks, [that] they could not hear any thing they said. Then Mr. Church by signs with his hands, gave [them] to understand, that he would have two of them go down upon the point of the beach. (A place where a man might see who was near him.) Accordingly two of them ran along the beach, and met him there without their arms ; excepting, that one. of them had a lance in his hand. They urged Mr. Church to come ashore, for they had a great desire to have some discourse with him. He told them, [that] if he, that had his weapon in his hand, would carry it up some distance upon the beach, and leave it, he would come ashore and dis- course [with] them. He did so, and Mr. Church went ashore, liauled up his canoe, ordered one of his In- dians to stay by it. and the other to walk above on the beach, as a sentinel, to see that the coasts were clear. And when Mr. Church came up to the In- dians, one of them happened to be honest George, one of the two that Awashonks formerly sent to call him to her dance, and was so careful to guard him back to his house again. [This was] the last Sogko- nate Indian he spoke with before the war broke out. He spoke En'glish very well. Mr. Church asked him where Awashonks was 9 [He said]* " In a swamp about three miles off." Mr. Church asked him what it was [that] he wanted, that he hallooed and called him ashore? He answered, that he took him for Church as soon as he heard his voice in the cano(\ and that he was very glad to see him alive ; and he believed his mistress would be as glad to sec him, and speak with, him. He told him further, that he believed she was not fond of maintaining a war with the English, and that she had left Philip and did not i[hiin] 9 [He told him] 1 PHILIP'S WAR. "it come hem.]' in, but ie sucli ot hear y signs that he ►oint of lee who n along ir arms ; is hand, for they ith him. sapon in ipon the and dis- tch went ►f his In- above on asts were o the In- , George, nt to call uard him St Sogko- jroke out. asked him a swamp him what and called him for he canm^ j; and hfi o sec him, r, that he a war with md did no* I intend to return to him any more. Ho was mightj earnest with Mr. Church to tarry there .while he would run and call her; but he told him »*No, for he did not know but the Indians would come down and kill him before He could get back again." Ho said that, if Mounthope, or Pocasset Indians could catch him, he believed they would knock him on tho head; but all Sogkonate Indians knew him very well, and he believed none of them would hurt him. In short, Mr. Church refused, then, to tarry; but pro- mised that he would come over again and speak with Awashonks, and some other Indians that he had a mind to talk with. Accordingly he [directed]' him to notify Awa- Hhonks, her son Peter,* their chief Captain, and ono Nompashf (an Indian that Mr. Church had, former- ly, a particular respect for) to meet him two days fier, at a rock at the lower end of Captain Rich- ond^sj' farm, which was a very noted place. And f that day should prove stormy, or windy, they wjerc o expect him the next moderate day ; Mr. Church elling George, that he would have him come with he persons mentioned, and no more. They gav^ ach other their hands upon it, [and] parted. Mr. Church went home, and the next morning to Tewport; and informed the government of what had )as8ed between him and the Sogkonate Indians ; and lesired their permit for him, and Daniel Wilcox^ (a 1 [appointed] * See note 1, on page 57. t In another place his name is spelt Numposh. He waa /aptain of the sogkonate or Seconate Indians in " the first expedition east." X This rock is near the water a little north of Where they ihen were. ' § The fatal 10 November, 181^5, allows me only to say of |his person that descendants in the fourth generation (I think) are found in Newbedford. See page iv, of my pre- face. 78 PHILIP'S WAR. man that well understood the Indian language,) to ffo over to them. They told him, that they thought he was mad ; after such service as he had done, and such dangers that he [had] escaped, now to tiirow away his life ; for the rogues would as certainly kill him as ever he went over. And utterly refused to grant his permit, or to be willing that he should run the risk. Mr. Church told them, that it ever had been in his thoughts, since the war broke out, that if he could discourse the Sogkonate Indians, he could draw them off from Philip, and employ them against him ; but could not, till now, never have an opportunity to speak with any of them, and was very loath to lose it, (Slc. At length they told him, [that] if he would go, it should be only with the two Indians that came with him ; but they Would give him no permit under their hands. He took his leave of them, resolving to prosecute his design. They told him, they were sorry to see him so resoJute, nor if he went did they ever expect to see his face again. | He bought a bottle of rum, and a small roll of tobacco, to carry with him, and returned to his family. The next day, being the day appointed for the meeting, he prepared two light canoes forthede-l ^ign, and his own man with the two Indians for his company. He used such arguments with his tender| and now almost broken hearted wife, from the expe-| rience of former preservations, and the prospect of | the great service he might do, (might it please God to succeed his design, <&c.,) that he obtained her consent to his attempt. And committing her, the babes, and himself to heaven's protection, he set out. They had, from the shore, about a league to pad' die. Drawing near the place, they saw the Indian) sitting on the bank, waiting for their coming. Mr PHILIP'S WAft. i^ Church setit one of his Indians ashore in one of the canoes to see whether they were the same Indians whom he had appointed to meet him, and no more : And if so, to stay ashore and f»end George to fetch him. Accordingly George came and fetched Mr* Church ashore, while the other canoe played off to ee the event, and to carry tidings, if the Indians hould prove false. Mr. Church asked George whether Awashonkfl nd the other Indians [that] he appointed to medt im were there 9 He answered [that] they were. e then asked him if there were no more than they, hom he appointed to be there 9 To which he ould give no direct answer. However, he went here ; when he was no sooner landed, but Awa- onks and the rest that he had appointed to meet im there, rose up and came down to meet him; and jach of them successively gave him their handstand Ixpressed themselves glad to see him, and gave him anks for exposing himself to visit them. They alked together about a gun shot from the water, a convenient place to sit down, where at once se up a great body of Indians, who had lain hid the grass, (that was [as] high as a man's waist) id gathered round them, till they had closed them ; being all armed with guns, spears, hatchets, <&.c., ith their hairs trimmed, and faces painted, in their arlike appearance. It was doubtless somewhat surprising lo our gen- eman at first, but without any visible discovery of , after a small silent pause on each side, he spoke Awashonks, and told her, that George had inform- him that she had a desire to see him, and dis- curse about making peace with the English. She nswered "Yes." "Then," said Mr. Church, " it is ustomary when people meet to treat of peace, to ^y aside their arms, and not to appear in such hos** ie form as your people do." [He] desired of her, at if they might talk about peace, which he desir- 80 PHILIP'S WAR. ed they might, her men might lay aside their arms, and appear more treatable. Upon ^vhich there be< gaji a considerable noise and murmur among them in their own language, till Awashonks asked him what arms they should lay down, and where 9 He (perceiving the Indians looked very surly and much aispleasedj replied, "Only their guns at some small distance, for formality's sake." Upon which with one consent, they laid aside their guns and came and sat down. Mr. Church pulled out his calabash, and asked Awashonks whether she had lived so long at Wetu- set,* as to forget to drink occapeches *?! and drink- ing to. her, he perceived that she. watched him yery| diligently, to see (as he thought) whether he swal- lowed any of the rum. He offered her the shell, but she desired him to drink again first. He thenl told her, [that] there was no poison in it ; and pour- ing some into the palm of his hand, sipped it up ' And took the shell and drank to her again, and dranli a good swig, which indeed was no more than Ik needed. Then they all standing up, he said to Awashonks, " You wont drink for fear there shoulj be poison in it," and then handed it to a little ill looking fellow, who catched it readily enough, and. as sreedily would have swallowed the liquor when lie] had it at his mouth. But Mr. Church catched hi by the throat, and took it from, him, asking hi whether he intended to swallow shell and all "? ml then handed it to Awashonks. She ventured to takr a good hearty dram, and passed it among her attcii * dants. The shell being emptied, he pulled out his to- bacco; and having distributed it, they began to talk. Awashonks demanded of him the reason, why H had not (agreeable to his promise when she saw hinj • Wachuset. See note 1, on p. 69. ^ t Commonly heard as though written okape, or ochapt. PHILIPS WAR. 81 hist) been down at Sogkonate before now ? Saying, that probably if he had come then, according to his promise, they hau never joined with Philip against the English. He told her [that] he was prevented by the war's breaking out so suddenly ; and yet, he was after- wards coming down, and came as far as Punkatees, where a great many Indians set upon him, and fought him a whole afternoon, though he did not come pre- pared to fight, [and] had but nineteen men with him, whose chief design was to gain an opportunity to discourse some Sogkonate Indians. Upon this there at once arose a mighty murmur, confused noise and talk among the fierce looking creatures, aad all ris- ing up in a hubbub. And a great surly looking fel- ow took up his tomhog, or wooden cutlass to kill Ir. Church, but some others prevented him. The interpreter asked Mr. Church, if he unders- tood what it v/as that the great fellow (they had lold of) said 7 He answered him "No." "Why" JBaid the interpreter, " he says [that] you killed his " rother at Punkatees, and therefore he thirsts for our blood." Mr. Church bid the interpreter tell lim that his brother began first ; that if he had kept t Sogkonate, according to his dv;sire and order, he iiould not have hurt him. Then the chief Captain commnfiUed silence; and old them that they should tf^ik no nors about old things, &,c., and quelled the t iinult, sc that they sat "own again, and began upon a discoarse of making eace with the English; Mr. Church asked them what roposals they would make, and on what terms they ould break their league with Philip t " Desiring hem to make some proposals that he might carry to is masters ; telling them that it was noV% his pow- r to conclude a peace with them, but that he knew hat if their proposals were reasonable, i\\e govern- ent would not be unreasonable ; and that he would se his interest with the government for them j and- PHILIP'S WAR. to encourage them to proceed, put them in mind that the Pequots* once made war with the English, and that after they subjected themselves to the Eng- lish, the English became their protectors, and de- fended them against other nationsf that would other- wise have destroyed them, <&c. After some further discourse and debate he brought them at length to consent, that if the government of Plymouth would firmlv engage to them, that they and all of them, and tfieir wives and children should have their lives spared, and none of them transport- ed out of the country, they would subject themselves to them, and serve them, in what they were able. Then Mr. Church told them, that he was well satisfied the government of Plymouth would readily concur with what they proposed, and would sign tlieir articles. And complimenting them upon it, liow pleased he was with the thoughts of their re- turn, and of the former friendship that had been be- tween them, &c. The chief Captain rose up, and expressed the great value and respect he had for Mr. Church ; anl bowing to him, said, " Sir, if you will please to ac- cept of me and my men, and will head uh, we will fight for you, and wil^ help you to Philip's head be- fore the Indian corn be ripe." And when he had ended,they all expressed their consent to what he said, and told Mr. Church [that] they loved him, and were willing to go with him, and figlit for iiiiii as long as the English had one enemy left in the country. , .,^^ Mr. Church assured them, tfiat if they proved as good as their word, they should find him theirs, frid their children's fast friend. And (by the way) the friendship is maintained between them to this day.J • See a history of this war in the Appendix, No. IV. t The Narragansets. See f:rst note to Philip's war. 1 1716. They consisted now, probably of no more than 5^)0 persons. ^ - . v fE PHILIP'S WAR. )roughl nent of t they should ansport- jmselves able, was well d readily .uld sign upon it, their re- been be- essed the arch ; anl ase to ac- LS, wc will 3 head bo- len he hail . 3 what he - loved hiin, rlit for hm\ ,^ left in thci f proved as | theirs, ^nd | ic way) the I 3 this day4 p'swar. 10 more thati Then he proposed unto them, that they should choose five men to go strait with him to Plymouth. They told him " No, they would not choose, but he should take which five he pleased." Some compli- ments passed about it, at length it was agreed, [that] they should choose three, and he two. Then he agreed that he would go back to the island that night, and would come to them the itext morning, and go through the woods to Plymouth. But they ifterwards objected, [for]^ his travelling through he woods would not be safe for him ; [that] the nemy might meet with them and kill him, and then hey should lose their friend and the whole design would be] ruined beside. And therefore proposed hat he should come in an English vessel, and the^ ould meet him, and come on board at Sogkonate int, and sail from thence to Sandwich, which in e was concluded upon. So Mr. Church promising to come as soon as ho uld possibly o^*ain a vessel, and then they parted. lie returned to the island and was at great pains d charge to get a vessel ; but with unaccountable sappointments, sometimes by the falseness, and metimes by the faintheartedness of men that he rgained with, and something by wind and weather, . : Until at length Mr. Anthony Low* put in to hnrljour with a loaded vessel bound to the stward, and being made acquainted with Mr lurch's case, told him, that he had so much kind- ss for him, and was so pleased with the business was engaged iii, that he would run the venture of vessel and cargo to wait upon him. Accordingly, next morning they set sail with a d that soon brought them to Sogkonate point. t coming there they met with a contrary wind, ' a great swelling sea. 1 [that] After much search I can ascertain nothing of this persom name is common in our country at this day. 84 PHILIP»S WAK. mk The Indian? were *«J^ ^'^^teVoken c«ioe to but had nothing f^ * "XS»»'« ''"'T^f-, get aboard in ; ?«* J^^'/of difficulty and danger ft. and with a great de^ ?• . ^ ^ to rain and got aboard, ^nd by this tm»^ '^ 8 ^^^„„d; |U)W exceedingly, and ^'^^^^ h Wol fe-TJ; SA'ffidTX?^-. eafryingP-r-^ XenMr. Church t^^t^f oppS ^^S him, that inasmuch as I'«>''S^*'the army would be brwater, and he expected Aat he^ J up in a few d»y''^'*fXt mm &e whole design ; [he] at that juncture, itmight rum t would therefore J'eW J"* 3 Ms transactions with js:^^:rdterr^.o^sv^^ tsr^:?«:£^s^vernour,i.hes. Zse/might sign A^- on Loi^s d^^ Peter was sent over to o s ^^^ that we _ morning, with ""^^^'^/.^Je of them, at least, wii , chosentogodowi^,.or8OT^o^ that was appointd| him. The t me ^emg expired ^^ ^^ ^^^^^ 1 t| for the English amy ocme^^^^j^^^^^^ , ing for them. Mr. ^nYJ"' A ^s fatigue, and parti (ptrtly to divert himself aOer ms ^ j ^^ ^. ^^^ ^„j io listen fo' *e army) rode^ ^^.^ ^ p,, someH his friends to Port^o ^T^ ^.^^^^ tence of cherrymg i but cwn . j^^^ goone | news &om the "^f- "^.^ from Major Bradforij^ he was roused with an expre ^^j^ to vvh«; "ho was arrived with the amy a ^^ ^j^ he forthwithj^^^^f^i^ — 'i • July 9. „, , . ,.„j ia divided into S towns •, Ne» 1 whole dians. Wil again that 111 was ai Ac< canoe Bradf whom her; she r them down stragj on til her a Sh geth< #to cc |togei M ithe s TI iwar(j ihui all Eng with got his ] earn his 1 Bwa] him 1^ T*'!^-' V • rocks, lanoe to id off in danger rain and sound ; )l ferry, )ter with land told lis going rould be d be gone ign ; [he] tions with id articles m to Ply- if he saw iord's day* 1 that were) least, with i; ; appointed great loot^ ly morning, , and partlj s wife, andl ider a prej vithout anp , or soone^,^^ or Bradford ' et, to whom, him ofthel PHIUPS WAR. 86 I towns; Net! linthcnortlk:^! whole of his proceedings with the Sogkonate In dians. With the Major's consent and advice, he returned again next morning to the island in order to go over that way to Awashonks, to inform her that the army was arrived, &c. Accordingly from Sachueeset neck* he went in a canoe to Sogkonate. [He] told her that Major Bradford was arrived at rocasset with a great army, whom he had informed of all the proceedings with her ; that if she would be advised, and observe order, she nor her people need not to fear being hurt by them ; told her [that] she should call all her people I down into the neck, lest if the^ should be found straggling about, mischief n^ght light on them; that ^on the morrow they would come down and receive :her and give her farther orders. She promised to get as many of her people to* jgether as possibly she could ; desiring Mr. Church Uo consider that it would be difficult for to get them together at such short warning. Mr. Church returned to the island and to the army [the same night. The next morningf the whole army marched to- [wards Sogkonate, as far as Punkatees, and Mr 'IJhurch with a few men went down to Sogkonate to sail Awashonks and h'ir people, to come up to the English camp. As he was going down they met jwith a Pocasset Indian, who had killed a cow, and got a quarter of her on his back, and her tongue in his pocket. [He]i gave them an account, that he came from Pocasset two days since in c<^pany with his mother, and several other Indians, i.Ow hid in a swamp above Nonquid.J Disarming of him, he sent I him by two men to Major Bradford, and proceeded 1 [who] ————— ._— .■ ■» i ii« in, * (The southeast corner of Rhodeisland.) i t July IS t (In TlTcrton.) ^imm,^ PHILIP*S WAR. o Sogkonate. They saw several Indians by the way bkulkins about but let them pass. Arriving at Awashonks camp, [he] told her [that] he was come to invite her and her people up to Pun- katees,* where Major Bradford now was with the Plymouth array, expecting her and her subjects to receive orders, until further order could be had from the government. She complied, and soon sent out orders for such of her subjects as were not with her, immediately to come in. And by twelve o'clock of next day, she with most of her number appeared before the English camp at Punkatees. Mr. Church tendered [himself to] the Major to serve under his commission, provided the Indians might be accepted with him, to light the enemy. The Major told him, [that] his orders wore to improve him if he pleased, ^| but as for the Indians he would not be concerned with them. And presently gave forth orders for Awashonks, and all her subjects, both men, women and children, to repair to Sandwich ;f and to be there upon peril, in six days. Awashonks and her -chiefs gathered round Mr. Church, (where he was walked off from the rest) [and] expressed themselves concerned that they could not be confided in, nor improved. He told them, [that] it was best to obey orders, and that if he could not accompany them to Sandwich, it should not be above a week before he would meet them there ; that he was confident the Govemour would commission him to improve them. The Major hastened to send them away with Jack Havens (an Indian who had never been in the wars) in the front, with a flag of truce in his hand. ♦ (Adjoining Fogland ferry.) Th? geography of this place, with respect to extent and situation j has been given on page 40, note 1. t A town between Plymouth and Barnstable, on Cape Cod. If the Major were arbitrary in giving this order, he was lib* eral with the time, as the distance was not abore 50 milci bv way of Plymouth, and perhaps no more than 80 tlirough tae woods. •In ItThI nail l§As| Iv PHILIPS WAR. 87 They beins gone, Mr. Church by the help of his man Toby, (the Indian whom he had taken prisoner as he was going down to Sogkonatc^ took said To- by's mother, and those that were witn her, prisoners. Next morning the whole army moved back to Po- casset. This Toby informed them that there were a great many Indians gone down to Wepoiset* to eat clams ; (other provisions being very scarce with I them) that rhilin himself was expected within three or four days at the same place. Being asked what [Indians they were 9 he answered, " Some Weeta- lore's Indians; some Mounthope Indians; some farraganset Indians; and some other uplacd In- lians ; in all, about three hundred." The Rhodcisland boats, by the Major's order, lecting them at Pocasset, they were soon embarked. [t being just in the dusk of the evening, they could plainly discover the enemies' fires at the place Jthe idian directed to, and the army concluded no other, lut [that] they were bound directly thither, until pey came to the north end of the island and heard leword of command for the boats to bear away. Mr. Church was very fond of having this probable >portunity of surprising that whole company of In- ians embraced; but orders, it was said must be >eyed, which wer:; to go to Mounthopo, and there fight Philip. This with some other good opportunities of doing >oil upon the enemy, being unhappily missed,f Mr. hurch obtained the Major's consent to meet the >gkonate Indians, according to his promise. He was Tercd a guard to Plymouth, but chose to go with ic man only, who was a good pilot, /about sunset,t he, with Sabin§ hisj>i!ot, mounted ' ' ' ' ■■■^^-l■l■l-- ■ — I I ■- — ■ II ■ ■ ■ ^ > .-TiMi.i« ■! n ,_ ■ ■ , II M [•InSwanzey. -I^^J: jtThe cause of this ill timed manoeuvre of^we $rmy must^ nain a mystery. | July 20. • • i§ As this name does not occur any where else in this hist*- [) it Is not probable that he served regularly in that capa- TV ., • . ,-^ ■ ■« 1^"': T^ PHILIPS wab. ^ t. uorp the anny now waj, sr a ss.^" 'S'liS w.r^» him [thaij '"' , f the Major « P'" ..-d pro nnd her and hera, an ^^^^^ j^^ ''^liTIhem that k co», about them , entouraged tnem ' t*'^'"' w K. mtaht obtain of h ! ho'^'^i* ^o^r smi- pvDiredthat he uaa **FF Governour asKea not above halt a Q ^J^?>''''!!fhPr of «' at Sandwich, ^ he saw ^^t had his number o ,, tendering to go i^^^^ich] ^^_____^ • Mr. Southworth. ,^-«,eito the accountof j ■ island \)y Peter. ■_ uul- v^^.^^;-■^H-— : -• PHILIP'S WAR. 89 w was, od safe freshed aine to X of the eased to rvice he that] he ashonks, Lt [had] whether He told gave his elating to jd pro nnd d to mb'it I that he ommission onour smi- jommissioB EngUshmec he timchai! the Sogkfr asked m afternoon b; ted him hor le answerei to take moi (es provided! mber of mf mV were e account of I ^as sent frofl" JabezHowland *and Nathattiel Soathworth.f Their vvcnt to Sandwich that nightjwhere Mr. Church (with jiccd enough) took a nap ofsleep. The next morn- ing, with about sixteen or eighteen men, heproceed- ( ir horses ; left lem, and creeped among the busties, until they le near the bank, and saw a vast company of In- * Little more than the pages of this history furnish, am I )le to communicate of the worthy Howland. More, but |r ^he fatal winds, or more fatal flames of Courtstreet might kve been told. He was a son of the venerable John How- [nd of Carver's family, (whose name is the 13th to that temorable instrument, or first foundation of government in iewen^land, which may be seen in Appendix, III, with the Tier signf rs.) As I am informed by my worthy friend, Mr. lac Howland of Westport, who is also a descendant. It'This gentleman was with Mr. Church in his first and jcond expeditions to the eastward, as will be see& in those ipeditions. I learn nothing more of him. [:|: A small river in Rochester. Several places were known this name. Our Plymouth fathers proposed to go to a ice about twenty leagues to the northward, known to them the name of Agawam, (now Ipswich.) MortoOf 90, (Rochester.) Buzzard's bay. -WnM ".' i'i \^^ IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-S) 1.0 !f "^ 1^ ui iiii 1.1 l.*^ i- m 11-25 \u 1.6 ^ 6" ► f Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. MS80 (716)873-4503 .^\^ s^ :\ \ ^. 6^ .i ' rs S & il to f!HILIP*S WAR. difOid, of all ag«0 and sexes $ some on horsebaci fiumingracesj some at footbal! ; some catching eels fmd flat fish in the water; some clamming, &c.; \mt, which way, with safety, to find out what Indiani thev were, they were at a loss. But at length, retiring into a thicket, Mr. Churcl); hallooed to them. They soon answered hihi, and a couple of smart young fellows, well mounted, came upon a full career to see whomit misht be that call ed, and came just upon Mr. Church before they dis- covered liim. But when they perceived themselvej so near Englishmen, and armed, were much surpri^j ed; and tacked short about to run as fast back they came forward, until one of the men in the bushel called to them, and told them his name was OhUrcli| and f they] need not fear his hurting of them^ tjpoij which afier a small pause, they turned about theil norses, and -came up to him. One of them tha could speak English, Mr. Church took aside and ei| amined ; who informed him, that the Indians beic were Awashonks and her company, and that Jac Havens was among them ; whom Mr. Church imnv diately sent for to come to him, and ordered the mef| senger to inform Awashonks that he was come I meet her. Jack Havens soon came, and by thj time Mr. Church had asked him a few questions, had been satisfied by him, that it was Awashoi and her company that were below, and that Jack been kindly treated by them, a company of India all mounted on horseback, and well armed, ci riding up to Mr. Church, but treated! him with i due respects. He then ordered Jack to go [an tell Awashonks, that he designed to sup with her I the evening, and to lodge in her camp that nigij Then taking some of the Indians with him, he we back to the river to take care of Mr. Howluid. Mr. Church having a mind to try what mettle] was made of, imparted his notion to the Indians l' were with him, and gave them directions how toi PHILIP'S WAft. dl [their ptrts. When he came, pretty near the {^ace, [he and hii Englishmen pretendedly fled, firing en leir retreat towards the Indians that pursued them, id they firing as h»i after them. Mr. Howland , jing upon his guard, hearing the guns, and by and »y seeing the motion both of the English and In* 'tans, conclud^ [that] his firiends were distressed, id was soon on the full career on horseback to meet . ; [When]^ he [perceived]* their laughing, [and] astrusted the tniUi. As soon as Mr. Church had given hun the neWs, iy hastened away to Awashonks. Upon their ar* il, they were immediately conducted to a shelter m on one side whither Awashonks and her chiefir in Clone, and paid their respects ; and the multi-' les gave shouts as made the heavens to ring. [t being now about sunsetting, or near the dudk [the evening, the Netops^ came running from all irters leaden with the tops of dry pines, and the combustible matter, making a huge pile there^ near Mr. Church's shelter, on the open side iof. But by this time supper was brought in r three dishes; viz., a curious young bass in one ; eels and flat fish in a second ; and shell fish third. But neither bread nor salt to be seen at le. But by that time^supper was over, the mighty of pine knots and tops, <&c., was fired ; and all Indians, great and small, gathered in a ring d it, Awashonks, with the oldest of her people, and women mixed, kneeling down, made the ring next the fire; and all the lusty stout men, 1 [until] * [perceiving] 'his name ig use^ by our author, I suspect, in the same as other writers use that of sanmp. See Winthrop's lal, sub anno 1630^ and Hubbard, Nar. 80, wh«r4 it ap- to be an Indian word empkn^ed bjr ^he sacbems as a ion name ft>r their men. llie latter author ^1t it lap. Nipnet was a general name for all inland ladlani Veen the Massachusetts and Connecticut river, ibid. 15 Wl PHILIP'S WAR. I*'d* atandiiig up, made the next, and then all the rabble 'm i| confused crew, surrounded, on the outside. Then the chief Captain stepped in between the rings and the fire, with a spear in one hand, and i| hatchet in the other ; dapced round the fire, and be- gan to fight with it; makmg mention of all the seve* ral nations and companies of Indians in the couo* try, that were enemies to the English. And atj naming of every particular tribe of Indians, he wouUl draw out and fight a new firebrand; and at finishiogj his fight with each particular firebrand, would bowl to him, and thank him ; and when he had nanied all| the several nations and tribes, and^ fought them he stuck down his speair and hatchet, and came 014] and another stept in, and acted over the same dance; with more fury, if possible, than the first ; and whe about half atiozen of their chiefs had thus acted theil parts, the Captain of the guard stept up to Church, and told him, [that] the/ were making diers for him, and what they had been doing was one [as] swearing of them. And having in tii maun jr engaged all the stout lusty men, Awashoi and her chie» came to Mr. Church, and told that now they were all engaged to fight for the lish, and [that] he might call forth ail, or any 1 them, at any time, as he saw occasion, to fight enemy. And [then] presented him with a very firelock. Mr. Church accepts their offer, drew out a m ber of them, and set out next mornii^ before for Plymouth, where they arrived the same day. The Governour being informed of it, came ei to towii* next morning ;f and by that time, he Englishmen enough to make a good company, wli joined with Mr. Church's Ind«an8, that offered ._ . «, _ _ _. .. _ f * The GoTernour rewded at Mardifield a few ailni of Plymouth. t July 33. [Aboi towr PHILIP'S WAR. is voluntary service, to go under his commaiid in <}Qetl of thie enemy. The Govemour then ^ve him a commission which is as follows. " Captain Benjamin Church, you are hereby |K>- [minated, ordered, commissioned, aiid empowered io [raise a company of volunteers of about two hundred men, English and Indians ; the English not exceed- ing the number of sixty, of which company, or so lany of them as you can obtain, or shall see cause at ^resent to improve, you are to take the command, ionduct, and to lead them forth now and hereafter, ^t such time, and unto such places within this colony, elsewhere within the confederate colonies, as you lall think fit; to discover, pursue, fight, surpnse, ^stroy, or subdue our Indian enemies, or any part 'parties of them, that by the providence of God >u may meet with, or them, or any of them, by ^aty and composition^to receive to mercy, if you see ison, (provided they be not murderous rogues, or ;h as have been principal actors in those vilianies.) jid forasmuch as your company may be uncertain, the persons often clianged, you are also here- empov/ered with the advice of your company, to |oose and commissionate a Lieutenant, and to es- plish Sergeants', and Corporals as you see cause id you herein improving your best judgment and kcretion, and utmost ability, faithfully to serve the [erest of God, his Majesty's interest, and the inter- of the colony ; and carefully governing your said ipany at home and abroad. These shall be unto full and ample commission, warrant and dis- irge. Given under the publick seal, this ^4th day [July, 1676. Per Jos. WINSLOV/, G(yvernm>'\ Lcceiving commission, he marched the same night the Woods, got to Middleborough* before day ; [About 15 miles fVoin Plymouth. The fruitful ^iiraterii in town and the plentj of g;ame in its wocidiP, caufcd it to principa! residence for Indians. Alourt says (in Princei m FUtLIFS WAR. IVBrt as qoQii CM the light appeared, took into the woods and swampy thickets, towards a place where they had some reason to expect to meet wiUi a par- q^ of l^iTarraganset Indians, with some others that IbetongQd to Mounthope. Coming near to where they expected them, Captain Church's Indian scout discovered the enemy ; and well observing their fires, and postures, returned with the intelligence to their Captain; who gave such directions for the surround- ing of them, as had the desired effect; surprising! them from every side, so unexpectedly, that thejj were all taken, not so much as one escaped.* And upon a strict examination, they gave intelli- gence of another parcel of the enemy, at a place! called Munponset pond.f Captain Church hast^ia|| with his prisoners through the woods to Plymoutli,] — ■■ r Ghron. 191,) *< thousands of men have lived here, who dielj of the great plaeue, about 8 years before our arrival." n was subject to Massassoit, and was first visited by the EofI Ush, 3 July, 1621. ' Mr. Edward Winslow, and Mr. Stephr Hopkins passed through there, on their way to visit Masstj soit. They saw the bones of many that died of the plagutll where their habitations had been. Ibid. Relicks of anli qiiity are often found to this day. A gentleman lately dij ging to set posts for a front yard, near the town house, discv eredan Inaian sepulchre. It contained a great quantity; l)eads of different kinds, with many other curiosities, remnarit of a tribe of Indians now lives on the northeast s of the great Assawomset. They have mixed with the black and none remain of clear blood. The last that remained Dtj mixed, was a man who died a few years since, at the it was supposed, of 100 years. He went by the name oit\ mon. What is known of the troubles of the inhabitants r this war is found scattered through Mr. Hubbard's Narn tive, in Bachtts' Hist. Middlebqrough, and note 1, for pa 51, of this work. • We have to regret that our author does not tell usi number which he took, and the place where he took tlir But his indefinite mode of writing, majr, in part, be accoui ed for, by the consideration, that it is given after nearly |oj vears, mostly from recollection ; especially this part of tl nistory. t A small pond in the north part of the present toirnj Halifax. *AsJ •nd. tWi lives •ubter n toiJ FliltiP'8 WA«. U into tbe •e where liapat- hers that where ian scout ' heir fires, e to theii gurround- surprising! that thej id.* ive intelli-l at a plac«| ihastei^insl PlymoutSj sre, who Am arrival.** 11 by the Enjl 1 Mr. Stcphd visit Massui ,f the plagwj elicksof anti* la lately M house, disctf •at (juantityj curiosities. northeast! viththehlact Lt remained aj ce, atthea?! iie name ot i/i inhabitants J ibhard's Narri lotc 1, i<>n^ , not tell «s« •e he took W ,art, he accottj ifterneavWWI this part oi « present toirnj disposed of them all, exceptins, ooIk one, JefliKS^, wbo proving very ingenuous and faithful to hiiB> la informing where other parcels of Indians harboured, Captain Church promised him, that if he continned to be faithful to iiim, he should not be fiold out of the country, but should be his waiting man, to take care of his horse, <&c. ; and accordingly he serv^ him faithfully as long as he lived. But Captain Church was fortliwith sent out again, and the terms for his encouragement being conclud- ed on, viz., that the country should find them am- (munition and provision, and have half the prisoners [and arms [that] they took: The Captain and his higlish soldiers to have the other half of the prison- ers and arms; and the Indian soldiers the loose >lunder. Poor encouragement ! But aflcr some timo wa^ mended. They ^oon captivated the Munponsets,* and wrought them in, not one escaping. This stroke he held several weeks, never returning ipty handed. When he wanted intelligence of leir kenneling places, he would march to some flace, likely to meet with some travellers or ramblers, id scattering his company, would lie close ; and ;ldom lay above a day or two, at most, before some them would fall into their hands ; whom he would >mpel to inform where their company were. And by his method of secret* and sudden sur(>riscs, >ok great numbers of them prisoners. The goveriunent observing his extraordinary irage and conduct, and the success from heavciif i'^ A small tribe of Indians that resided near Munponset )nd. t Whether Hea\cn had any thing to do with making Lues of the Indians after they were made prisoners, may be Wbted by sccpticks, on the same principles that every feel- g man now doubts of the justness of our southern oreth- |n to make slaves of N ^groes. But to the commendation of ir hero be it s][>okci|^, that his voice was always against en 06 PHILIP'S WAft. added to it, iftw cause to enlarge his commission ; Save him power to raise and dismiss his forces, as he lould see occasion ; to commissionate officers un- der him, and to match as far as he should see cause, within the limits of the three united colonies ; to re- ceive to mercy, give quarter, or not ; excepting some particular and noted murderers, viz., Philip, and all that were at the destroying of Mr. Clark's garrison, and some few others. Major Bradford being now at Taunton with his army, and wanting provisions, some carts were or- dered from Plymouth for their supply, and Captain Church to guard them. Hut he obtaining other guards for the carts, as far as Middleborough, ran before with a small company, hoping to meet with some of the enemy; appointing the carts and their I guards to meet with them at Nemascut,^ about an| our after sun's rising, next morning. He arrived there about the breaking of the day- lij[ht, and discovered a company of the enemy; bull his time was too short to wait for gaining advantage, and therefore ran right in upon them, surprised and] captivated about sixteen of them, who upon exami- nation, informed that Tispaquinf a very famous Cap-I BlaTin^^ mankind. What greater proof can we have of Iiuj humanity, considering the age in which he liyed? See pagtl 62, and note 1. ^ • ^Near Raynham.) . Tnat part of Middleborough along the river of that natnc.i This name like many others was written diff-rently by thf I early contemporary writers. It is generally spelt Namasket;! but more properly Nemasket. Holmes, I, 211, from 1 Mas&l Hist. Coll. Ill, 148, says, it was that part of MiddleborougM which the EngliEh first planted. Hutchinson, I, 262, sayj,| that Philip sometimes resided here. See notd^ ], on page 9^1 Savage, in Winthrop, I, 55, says, " This name belonged ttl part of the tract now ineludsd in Middleborough ; but iU\ lines of Indian geography were probably not very precise, r are forgotten." t He was at the destroying of Mr. Clark*s house at Pl/| mouth. After his wife and child were taken by Captaml Church, he came an J delivered himself up at Plymoutii, a^il PHILIP'S WAR. 07 mission ; B, as he ers un- B cause, 5 to re- ng some , and all garrison, with his were or- l Captain ng other augh, tan neet \| history^ The most ancient way/ of writing those name9) >i| gener^i&isto be preferred ; for it is the most direct road ti| uniformity, and consisten cy. Two very desirable and agree able attendants to be met with in lan{|uage ; yet, the write of these^notes is very sensible of his failures in these as we' M other respects^ ' vW' . PHILIP'S WAR. 99 npeon's TatI mains to IhB ^ cAlM qM SttiAinft'J<| anagattaet,^ ge 51,of tbiil iirect road »I tble and agrn yet, the wntq JitUeBew^*" watch at a time, while the others slept, and so to take their turns, while the rest of the company went into a thicket to sleep under a guard of two senti- nels more. But the whole company being very drowsy, soon forgot their danger, and wore &st asleep, sentinels and all. The Captain first awakes, looks up, and judges he had slept lour hours ; which being longer than he designed, immediately rouses his company, and sends away a file to see what was become of the watch, at the passage of the river ; but they no sooner opened the river in iight, but they discovered a company of the enemy viewing of their tracks, where they came into the nock. Cap- tain Chiirch, and those with him, soon dispersed into the brush, on each side of the way, while the file sent, got undiscovered to the passage of the river, and found their watch all fast asleep. But these tidings thoroughly awakened the whole company. But the enemy giving them no present disturbance, they examined their Tknapsacks,]^ and taking a little refreshment, the Captain ordered one party to ^ guard the horses, and the otiier to scout, who soon met with a track, and following of it, they were brought to a small company of Indians, who proved to be Littleeyes,* and family, and near relations, who were of Sogkonate, but had forsaken their I countrymen, upon their making peace with the Eng- lish. Some of Captain Church's Indians asked him, if he did not know this fellow 9 [and] told him, I "This is the rogue that would have killed you at I Awashonks' dance." And signified to him, that now he had an opportunity to be revenged on him. But the Captain told them^ [that] it was not English- men's fashion to seek revenge ; and that he should |have the quarter the rest had. Moving to the river side, they found an old canoej 1 [snapsacks] * See page i6. 100 . PHILIP'S >VA»- ^^ with which the Capt«n ojJ«d ii^BAing Hr!Sid*'Stt;i"c:p"-.i "'-«»' -^ AankfiiVto the paptain. Lightfoot, return, to He leaving hi. »'^«'!„3Jr,et, to Ru.«iV» o'^h- ed them aw»y' ^'!TSw the ground, where they tSdwd that night, and wwtne |^ ^ they MP; S^irb5Aet.,twMlbWy;^, 4"*Ta'a SJ J..*ndjjBemedbythem^^^^^^ perceived aho beUnd them, to oe very ^ ,,^^ „ot been countty road where "»^ PHILIP'S WAR, 101 rnB to orch- lapjped B night It's ap- Bcover- theda^k d carri- ,ey had are they ley B«p- Bid killed without they left ived also not been mrsuit of , and faithful ploits in the Lrri«)nbefow tains of wbicB steered towards the west end of the ff^^^ cedar swamp, and the other to the east end. The Captain halted, and told his Indian soldiers, that they had heard, as well as he, what some men had said at Plymouth, about them, dtc. ; thai now wai a good opportunity for each party to prove themselves. The track being divided, they should follow one and the English the other, being equal in number. The Indians declined the motion, and were not willing to move any where without him; said, [that] they should not think themselves safe withoAt him. But the Captain insisting upon it, the^ submitted. He gave the Indians their choice, to follow which track thev pleased. They replied, that they were lufht and able ta travel, therefore, if he pleased, they would take the west track. And appointing the ruins of John Cook's house at Cushnet, for the place to meet at, each company set out briskly to try their fortunes. Captain Church, with his English soldiers, follow- ed their track until they came near entering a miry swamp, when the Captain heard a whistle in the rear ; (which was a note for a halt) looking behind him, he saw William Fobes* start out of the com- pany, and made towards him, who hastened to meet nim as fast as he could. Fobes told him [that] they had discovered abundance of Indians, and if he pleased to go a few steps back, he might see them himself, ne did so, and saw them across the swamp ; observing tliem, he perceived [that] they were gath- ering whortleberries, and they had no apprehensions of their beine so near them. The Captam supposed them to be chiefly women, and therefore calling one Mr. Dillano, who was acquainted with the ground, and the Indian language, and another named Mr. ^ * Perhaps Forbet would have been the proper way of ipeU ling thu name. He went conuniiiury with Church in his third eastern expedition. - - ^ 1Q2 PHILIP'S WAR. Barnt.* With these two men he takes right through the swamp, as fast as he could, and orders the rest to hasten after them. Captain Church with Dillano and Bams, having good horses, spurred on and were soon ^iunongst the thickest of the Indians, and out of sight of their own men. Among the enemy was an Indian woman, who with her husband had been driven off from Rhodeisland, notwithstanding they had a house upon Mr. Sanford's land, and had planted an orchard before the war; yet the inhabitants would notb^ satisfied, till they were sent off. Captain Church with his family, living then at the said Sanford's, came acquainted with them, who thought it very hard to turn off such old quiet people. But in t^e end it proved a providence, and an advantage to him and his family, as you may see afterwards. This Indian woman knew Captain Church, and as soon as she knew him, held up both her hands, and came running towards them, crying aloud, <* Church ! Church ! Church !" Captain Church bid her stop the rest of the Indians, and tell them, [that] the way to save their lives, was, not to run, but yield them- selves prisoners, and he v/ould not kill them." So with her help, and Dillano's, who could call to them in their own language, many of them stopped and surrendered themselves, others scampering and cast- ing away their baskets, <&c., betook themselves to the tliickets ; but Captain Church being on horse- back, soon came up with them, and laid hold of a gun that was in the hand of one of the foremost of the company, pulled it from him, and told him he must go back. And when he had turned them, he began to look about him to see where he was, and what v/as become of his company; hoping theyj i[and] * Of this person as well as Dillano and Fobes, after consid* crable pains and search, I can tell nothing. The names are common in the old colony. PHILIP*3 WAR. 103 might be an as well employed as himself. But he could find none but Dillano, who was very busy gathering up prisoners. The Captain drove his that he had stopped, to the rest ; inquiring of Dillano for their company, but could have no news of them ; l^and]^ moving back,picked up now and then a sculk- mg prisoner by the way. When they came near the place where they first started the Indians, they discovered their company standing in a body together, and had taken pome few prisoners ; when they saw their Captain, they hasten- ed to meet him. They told him [that] they found it difficult getting through the swamp, and ^either Feeing nor hearing any thing of him, they concluded [that] the enemy had killed him, and were at a great loss what to do. Having brought their prisoners together, they found [that] they had taken and killed sixty-six of the enemy. Captain Church then asked the old squaw, what company they belonged unto % She said, [that] they belonged part to Philip, and part to Qun- nappm* and the Narraganset sachem ;f discovered ^ [but] ^^^^ *An old Queen among the Narragansets, says Hutch. 1, 363. Trum. I, 347, says that Magnus an old Narraganset Queen was killed 3 JuW. It is possible that both names meant the same person. She signed the treaty in June, of which men- tion has been made. In Hutchinson, the name is spelt Quaiapen, and in Hubbard, Quenoquin, and by a writer in N. H. Hist. Col. Ill, 108, Quannopin. But these names may not all mean the same person, as the author last cited, says, that Mrs. Rowlandson, wife of the minister of Lancas- ter, when taken was sold to Quannopin whose wife was a sister to Philip's wife. The same waiter obs^^rves, on page 141, that one of Quannopin*^ wives* names w«s Wittimore. She could not be the same that was drowned near Swanzey, for that was before Mrs. R. was taken. See note S, on page 27. t Who is meant by this Narraganset sachem, it is difiicalt io determine. There were six that subscribed the treaty, in Jaoe. Canonchet, who was noted for his enmity to the &n9> 104 PHILIP'S WAR. also upon her declaration, that both Philip and Quo* napin were about 'two miles off, iii the great cedar swamp. He inquired of her what company they had with them. She answered, " Abundance of In- dians." The swamp, she said, was full of Indians from one end unto the other, that were settled there ; [and] that there were near an hundred men, [who] came from the swamp with them, and left them upon that plain to gather whortleberries, and promised to call them as they came back out of Sconticut neck,^ whither they went to kill cattle and horses for pro- visions for the company. She perceiving Captain Church move towards the neck, told him, [that] if they went that way they would be killed. He asked her where about they crossed the river *? She pointed to the upper passing place. Upon which Captain Church parsed over s6 low down, as he thought it not probable [that] they should meet with his track in their return, and has- tened towards the island, where he lefl Littleeyes with Lightfoot. Finding a convenient place by the river side for securing his prisoners. Captain Church and Mr. Dillano went down to see what was become of Captain Liglitfoot, and the prisoners left in his charge. Lightfoot seeing and knowing them, soon came over with his broken canoe, and informed them, that lish, but it could not be he, because he was taken by the Connecticut volunteers the first week in April, 1676, accord- ing to Hubbard, 158, and it was now July ; Ganonicus, wh was killed by the Mohawks in June ; Mattatoag, of ::^'honi we hear nothing: Ninigret, who did not join with fKc rest in the war ; and Pumham, who was killed in the woods near Dedham, about the last week in July, as before observed, and who it is possible this might be. He must have been a very old man, as I presume he is the same who sold land to Mr. Samuel Gorton about 1643, and became dissatisfied and complained of him to the court. See Savage's Winthron, 11,120. * The point of land opposite Newbedford where the village of Fftirhaven now is, PHILIP'S WAR. 103 iClun- , cedar f they I of In- [ndians there ; , [who] m upon lised to tneck,* for pro- ards the ray they )ut thpy ■ passing I over s5 lat] they and has- ^ittleeyes te by the [1 Church J become It in his )on came hem, that ken by the ;76, accord- anicus, who r, of Jrt'liow rith the rest woods near PC observed, have been a sold land to latisfied and Winthrop, :e the village he had seen that day about one hundred men of the enemy go down into Sconticut neck, and that they were now returning again. Upon which they three ran down immediately to a meadow where Lightfoot said [that] the Indians had passed, where they not only saw their tracks, but also them. Whereupon they lay close, until the enemy came into- the said meadow, and the foremost set down his load, and lialted until all the company came up, and then took up their loads and marched again the same way that they came down into the neck, which was the neaih. est way unto their camp. Had they gone the other; way, along the river, they could not have missed Captain Church's track, which would doubtless have exposed them to the loss of their prisoners, if not of their lives. But as soon as the coast was clear of them, the- Captain sends his Lightfoot to fetch his prisoners from the island, while he and Mr. Dillano returned to the company ; sent part of themHo conduct Light- foot and his company to the aforesaid meadow, where Captain Church and his company met them. Cross- ing the enemy's track, they made all haste until they got over Mattapoiset river,* near about four .miles beyond the ruins of Cook's house, where he appointr ed to meet his Indian company, whither he sent Dih- lano with two more to meet them ; ordering them that if the Indians were not arrived to wait for them* Accordingly, finding no Indians there, they waited until late in the night, when they arrived with their booty. They despatched a post to their Captain, to Ive him an account of their success, but thq day broke before they came to him. And when they had compared successes, they very remarkably found that the number that each company had taken and * (In Rochester. )\ Quite 1^ small stream, to the east of which is the village of this naine, though now usually pronounced Mattapois. Se% Bote 3, on page 93. 106 PHILIP'S WAR. rt-s - sltin was equal. The Indians had killed three of the enemy^ and taken sixty-thfee prisoners, as ^e English had done before them. Both the English and Indians were surprised at this remarkable providence, and were both parties rejoicing at it ; being both before afraid of what imght have been the unequal success of the partiea But the Indians had the fortune to take more arma ^han the English. They told the Captain, that they had missed a brave opportunity by parting ; [that] they came upon 'a great town of the enemy, viz., Captain Tyasks'* "company ; (Tyasks was the next man to Philip) that they fired upon the enemy before they were discover- "ed, and ran upon them with a shout ; [and] the nicn xan and left their wives and children, and many of them their guns. They took Tyasks' wife and son, ^iid thought, that if their- Captain and the English ■company had been with them, they might have taken ■some hundreds of them; and now they determined «dt to part any more. That*night, Philip sent (as afterwards they found •out) a great army to waylay Captain Church at the •entering on of Assawomset neck, expecting [that] he 'would have returned the same way [that] he went in ; t)ut that was never his method to return the same way X^i he came ; and at this time going another way, be escaped falling into the hands of his enemies. *rhe next day they went home by Scipican,f and got well with their prisoners to Plymouth. -If - ■ ' . ■ - * In another place, Annawon is called the next man to iPhilip, or his chief Captain. Hubbard spelt his name ^iasna, and informs us tnat he surrendered nimself to^the ^nglisli in June : but this could not be the case, as it was now near the end of July, if the Indians knew the company to be Tyasks'. Though nothing is said in the text that we might be positive that Tyasks was there, yet Habbard says that his " wife and child" were taken first. Nar. 330. J A small river in Rochester. Near its mouth is the little ageof Scipican, 4 miles to the eastward of Mattapoiset HIILIP'S WAft. 107 He soon went out again, and this stroke he drove many weeks. And when he took any ntimLer of prisoners, he would pick out some that he took a [ iancy to, and would tell them, [that] he took a par- ticular fancy to them, and had chosen them for him- 'self to make soldiers of; and if any would behave themselves well, he would do well by them, and they should be his men, and not sold out of the country. If he perceived fthatl they looked surly, and his In- dian soldiers called them treacherous dogs, as some of them would sometimes do, all the notice he would take of it, would only be to clap them on the back, and tell them, " Come, come, you look wild and surly, and mutter, but that signifies nothing ; these my best soldiers, were, a little while ago, as wild and surly as you are now ; by that time you have been but one day along with me, you will love me too, and be^ as brisk as any of them." And it proved so; for there \vas none of them, but (after they had been a little while with him, and seen his behaviour, and how cheerful and successful his men- were) would be as ready to pilot him to any place where the Indians dwelt or haunted, (though theirown fathers, or near- est relations should be among them) or to fight for I him, as any of his own men. Captain Church was, in two particulars, much ad- {vantaged by the great English army^ that was now * I cannot learn as this " great army" was in mach active bervice about this time. But the Connecticut soldiers were I very active. A party under Capt. Denison took prisoner jCanonchet, or Nanunttenoo, as he was last called, *»thc Ichief sachem of all the Narragansets," who had comedown li'rom the Nipmuck country to ^et seed corn to plant the de- Iscrted settlements on Connecticut river. Canoncbet was Incar Pautucket river with a company of his men, and wllil<» H;ecure in his tent, and was relating over his exploits against Ihe English, Denison a:ame upon him. He fled with all ttiaste, but as he was crossing the river, a misstep brought ps gun under water, and retarded his progress. One Mo- ■nopoide, a Pequot, being swift of foot, first came up with ^im. He made no resistance, though he was a man or great roB PfilLIP'S WAR. abroad. One was, that they drove the enemy down to that part of the country, viz., to the eastward of Tatinton river, by which his business was nearer home. The other was, that when he fell on with a push upon any body of the enemy, (were they never so many) they fled, expecting the great army. And his manner of marching through the woods was such, [that]* if he were discovered, they appeared to be mOre than they were ; for he always marched at a wide distance one from another, partly for their safety: And this was an Indian custom to march thin and scattered. Captain Church inquired of some of the Indians that were become his soldiers, how they got such advantage, often, of the English in their march^ through the woods'? They told him, that the In- II -I. -■IIB.JMII ■ - - I - ■ I ■ ■ ■ ■■ ■I ■ I ■ I ■ "• -' ■ ^-'- '- ' -- — — I. — - - Strength. A young Englishman next came up, and asked bim some jjuestions, but he would make no answer. At length, casting a look of neglect on bis youthful face, said, in broken English, " Tou too much child ; no understand mat ters of war— Let your Captain come ; him I will answer.' He would not accept of his life when offered him ; and when told that he was to die, said, " He liked it well ; that he should die before his heart was soft, or he had spoken any thing unworthy of himself." He was afterward shot at Sto- nin^on. And by autumn, this with other yolunteer com- panies killed and took 330 of the enemy, and 50 muskets; Ihese exploits were continued until the Narragansets were all driven out of the country, except Ninigret. Trumbull, 1,343 to 345. The regular soldiers under Major Talcot marched into the Nipmuck's country, where atone time they killed and took 52 of the enemy. This was in the beginning of June. On 13 June they came upon about 700 In- dians, who were furiously besieging Haoiey, whom they im- mediately dispersed. On their return to the Narraganset country they came upon the main body of the enemy near a large cedar swamp, who mostly fled into it. But being su^ rounded, 171 were killed and taken. Among them was Magnus, the old Queen of Narraganset. Near Frovidence they made prisoners, and killed 67 ; and soon 'after 60 more on their return to Connecticut. Holmes, I, 431 to 433. See note 1, on page 103. PHILIP'S WAR. 100 dians gained ffreat advantage of the Engliih by two things ; [theyy always took care in their marches and fights, not to come too thick together; but the English always kept in a heap together ; [so] that it was as easy to hit them, as to hit a house. The other was, that if at any time they discovered a company of English soldiers in the woods, they knew that there were all, for the English never scattered, but the Indians always divided and scattered. Captain Church [being] now at Pl)inouth, some- thing or other happened that kept him at home a few daysf until a post came to Marshfield on the Lord's* day morning, informing the Govemour, thai a great army of Indians were discovered, who it was supposed were designing to get over the river to- wards Taunton or Bridgewater,f to attack those towns that lay on that side [of] the river. The Go- vemour hastened to Plymouth, raised what men he could by the way, came to Plymouth in the begin- ning of the forenoon exercise, sent for Captam Church out of the meeting house, gave him the news, and desired him immediately to rally what of his company he could, and what men he had raised should join them. / The Captain bestirs himself, but found no bread in the store house, and so was forced to run from house to house to get household bread for their march. But this nor any thing else prevented his marching by the beginnins of the afternoon exercise. Marching with what menf were ready, he took with him the post that came from Bridgewater to pilot hini to the place where he thought he might meet with the enemy. 1 [the Indians] • July 80, 1676. t This word in the ftext was given uniformly withoat the first e. tHe had "ahout 30 Englishmen and SO reconettf4 Iik nians.»» Hubbard, Nar. 223. 110 PHIUPS WAR. In the evening they heard a smart firing at a dig- * tance from them, but it being near night, and the firing but of short continuance, they missed the place, and went into Bridgewater town. It seems [that] the occasion of the firing was, that Philip, finding that Captain Church made that side of the country too hot for him, designed to return to the other side of the country that he came last from. And coming to Taunton river with his company, they felled a great tree across the river, for a bridge to pass over on. And just as Philip's old uncle, Akkompoin,* and some other of his chiefs were pass- ing over the tree, some brisk Bridgewater lads had mnbushed them, fired upon them^and killed the old man, ahd^several others, which put a stop to theli coming over the river that night.f Next morning. Captain Church moved very early with his company, which was increased by many of Bridgewater, that enlisted under him for that expe- dition ; and by their piloting, soon came very still to the top of the great tree, which the enemy .had fallen across the river, and the Captain spied an In- dian sitting on the stump of it on the other side of the river, and he clapped his gun up, and had doubt- less despatched him, but that one of his own Indians -called hastily to him, not to fire, for he believed it was one of their own men. Upon which the Indian upon the stump, looked about, and Captain Church's Indian seeing his face^ pefceived his mistake, for he knew him to be Philip; clapped up his gun and fired, but it was too late ; for Philip immediately threw himself off the stump, leaped down a bank on the other side of the river and made his escape, j; * This might be a brother of Massassoit, but we hear of none but Quadequinah. t Hubbard places the date of this action on the 31; bat according to our author it was on Sunday, and Sunday wai the 80. X He had not long before cut off his hair that he might not be known. Hubbard. . i^LlP»5 WAR. Ill Captain Church, as soon as possible got over the river, and scattered in quest of Philip and his com- Eany ; but the enemy scattered and fled every way. — ] ^ He picked up a considerable many of their women and children, among which were Philip^s wife and son ; [the son] ^ about nine years old. Discovering a considerable new track along the river, and examining the prisoners, found [that] it was Qunnapin and the Narragansets, that were drawing off from those parts towards the Narraganset coun- try. He inquired of the prisoners, whether Philip was gone in the same track 9 They told him that they did not know; for he fled in a great fright when the flrst English gun was flred, and [that} they had none of them seen or heard any thing of him since. Captain Church left part of his company there to secure the prisoners [which] they got, and to pick up what more they could And, and with the rest of his company hastened in the track of the enemy to overtake them, if it might be before they got over the river ; and ran some miles along the river, until he came to a place where the Indians had waded over ; and he with his company waded over after them, up to the armpits ; being almost as wet before witii sweat as the river could make them. Following about a mile further, and not overt'^king them, and the Captain being under [a] necessity to return that night to the army, came to a halt ; told his company, [that] he must return to his other men. His Indian soldiers moved for leave to pursue the enemy, (though he returned) ; [they] said [that] the Narra- gansets were great rogues, and [that] they wanted to be revenged on tliem for killing some of their relations ; named Tockamona, (Awashonks' brother) and some others. Captain Church bade them go and prosper, and made Li^htfoot their chief, and gave him the title of Captain. Bid them go and quit themselves like men. And away they scampered like 80 many horses. i • „.W thev returned to their Cap- Next mormng* early ttiey re» ^,th • .V.,1 informed him that tnev n»" . brought MirtJe'nof thempr.^ne";.^g7^^^^^ at the on- nroud of their exp oit, and reioice ^,^ ,, Ktunity of avenging tfie««eWe^ ^^P „„t, ?.„t the prisoners to Bridf ewaw , ^^^y^ !tlu to see wh«t enemies or ttacK. ^^^^^^.^^ rfindl Discovering wmesmalUracM^ ^^^^ S:i?found-h«eJ«en««y»>£a put out the, and roasted gom? fwn. » ' • fires and were gone. . the track, putting Thfe Captain followed tl^m bj ^^^.^^ h his IndiaiM in the front . ^me ^^^ ^^ia Z"L had Wwly taken fwm the J^^^ ^ ^ to his comi^ny. t»®i 8*!!w,gtle in the rear, to 8it softly, and upon bearing 'W^'^^J^ disco^r)L of any down, till fi"^*er M Jr , »;' ^„ design was, if ho of the enemy, to «op, i" „otto tall could discover ^^ere the enemy ^^^^.^^^^ uJon them (unless necessitated to^^ ^^ The Indians in the "ont cam v j^j^^j ^ 'wSnen Snd children, »"*J*%*Khe compajij. tired, and so not aWe to Jeep JP p,,.. ^,^^, » These gave *?™ fj^y^wi a little V^fore. sreat number of the enemy, ^^,,g„^ phat) •^Captain Church's Ind""" r^f jiiey would submrl «l,h We their Pti«>«e»' *»^* ^^ & hurt then. Jrlrder, and be ".f ' "^^i^^ce, were easi y F They being their old ""^""^{^before sunset the« ,n«/ed to c^n^'^-t^ntil the Captain came # was a halt in the &ont, utrtu ^» ^^ the enemy. They told him M ^S^ „,Cd wateh their m\ He Ordered them to dbg^et^ an ^^ j,, ■'^^t«dt.ke.«>.ticofthU.«pl.it. PHII#P'S WAR. 113 Cap- ip with ^rousht mighty theop- Churcli out his V could ■ollowed me fires, QUt their , putting rere such nd add^d to marcli ear, to sit try. of any ras, if he iotto fall ^ext morn- vith many B faint and 5 company, lip with a ►efore. hers, [thaq [)uld submit I hurt them. ) easily pet- junset there I in came up. the enemy- Rh their mo- il came toi ng wood, to At. make fires; and a greit noise they made. Captam Church draws his cotfipany up in a ring, and sat down in the swamp without any noise or nre. The Indian prisoners were much surprised to see the Enfflish soldiers; but the Captain told them, [that] if they would be quiet, and not make any dis- turbance or noise, they should meet with civil treat- ment ; but if they made any disturbance, or offered to run, or make their escape, he would inunediately kill them all ; so they were very submissive and oti- sequious. When the day broke, Captain Church told his pri- soners, that his expedition was such, at [thatP time, that he could not afford them any guard ; told them, [that] they would find it to be [to] their interest, to attend the orders he was now about to give them ; which were, that when the fight was over, ^ which they now expected, or as soon as the firing I ceased, they must follow the track of his company, and come to them. (An Indian is next to a blood jhound to follow a track.) He said to them, it ^ould be in vain for them to think of disobedience, >r to gain any thing by it; for he had taken and kill- ed a great many of the Indian rebels, and should, in little time kill and take all the rest, <&c. By this time it began to be [as]^ light as tho time ihat he usually chose to make his onset. He moved, fending two soldiers before, to try, if they could >rivately discover the enemy's postures. But very mhappily it fell out, that [at] the very same time, i'hilip had sent two of his [men] as a scout upon hi^ )wn track, to see if none dogged [him.]' [They]^ |pied the two Indian men, [— ^^ turned short about, d fled with all speed to their camp, and Captain hurch pursued as fast as he could. The two In- ians set a yelling and howling, and made the most ideousnois^ they could invent, soon gave t^ alarm Philip and his camp,. who all flod at the €r4t tid- I[thi8] 9 [sol 3[tLem] 4 [who] » [anaj *■. 114 PlULIF*ft WAR. ingt$ left their kettlei boilinff, and meat roastinB upon their wooden ipitf , and ran into a swainp,^ with no other breakfast, than what Captain Church afterwardt treated them with. Captain Church purfuing, tent Mr. Isaac How- landf with a party on one side of the twamp,while himself with tne rest, ran on the other side, agreeing to run on each side, until they met on the further end. Placing some men in secure stands at that end of the swamp where Philip entered, concluding that if they heaaed him, and boat him back, that he would take back in his own track. Captain Church and Mr. Howland soon met at the further end of the ^wamp, (it not being a great one) where they met with a great number of the cnemjr, well armed, com- ing out of the swamp. But on sight of the English, rthey peemed very much surprised and tacked short. Captain Church called hastily to them, and said, [that] if thev fired one gun they were all dead men; for he would have them to know that he had them denuned in with a force sufficient to command them; but if they peaceably surrendered, they should have food quarter,} dLC. They seeing the Indians and Inglish come so thick upon them, were so surprised, that many of them stood still and let the English come and take the guns out of their hands, when they were both charged and cocked. Many, both men, women and children of the ene- my, vwere imprisoned at this time; while Philip, * This swamp was on the west tide of Taunton river, io Mattapoiiet neek in Swanzey. f A brother to Jabez HowUil4 before mentioned^ and son of the first John Howland, wliose name lives among the cel^ brated FORTY ONE. See note 1, page 89. I We may conclude that Mr. Hubbard is more correct ii I his account of this affair than oui' author ; he says, that ost I of Church's Indians called to them in their own langua^ i &.C., which from the circumstance that Mr. Church eowd oat | speak Indian, is creditable. Nar. 33S. Tisp lish way! hopii who and I of tH enom Bui now I what tainC him, fl clapp< pretty of the Philip of his upon [ the ai Luca [have Int |two m let w lered Ithem, •A intly ichemj tipal plj ^oad as I it, am high narroi had pi B PHIL1F8 WAK. 115 Tispaquiii, Totoion,* d^c, concluded that the Eng- lish would pursue them upon their tra<'ks, so were waylaying [them]^ at the first end of the swamp ; hoping thereby to gain a shot upon Captain Churrh, who was now better employed in takmg prisoners, and running them into a vallev, in form something [ — "P like a punch bowl ; and appointing a guard of two files, treble armed with guns taken firom tho enemy. But Philip having waited all this while in vain, now moves on after the rest of his company to see what was become of them. And by this time Cap- tain Church had got into the swanip ready to meet him, and as it happened made the first discovery, clapped behind a tree, until Philip's company came pretty near, and then fired upon them ; killed many of them, and a close skirmish followed. Upon thit. Philip having grounds suflicient to suspect the event' of his company that went before them, fled back upon his own track ; and coming to the place where [the ambush lay, they frred on each other, and one Lucas of Plymouth, not being so careful as he might [have been about his stand, was killed by the Indians. In this swamp skirmish Captain Church, with his [two men who always ran by his side, as his guard, Tiet with three of the enemy, two of which surren- lered themselves, and the Captain's guard seized [them, but the oth^r, being a great, stout, surly fellow, 1 [their tracks] 3 [shaped] * A son of the noted Sam Barrow. Totoson, as will pre- intly he seen, died of grief for the destruction of bis family, ind loss of his country. He was one of the six Narraganset lachems that subscribed the treaty in «fiilvi 1676. Hb prin* Eipal place of resort was in Rochester, on the left of t^e main . ^oad asyou pass from the village of Rochcurtlpr lo JHafTlipoi- let, and about two miles from the latter. B-^ieM jJ^jmNse of kigh ground in a large swamp,connected to the ^nppicl by vrn \aiifOi>|^ ^^ narrow neck, over which, all had to pass to rvii @n. ' The rcb eowd t» Hoad passes near where this neck joins the lAA^^jil Min nd. oastins nrarap,^ Church z How- ip,while igreeing further that end iing that that he I Church id of the they met led, corn- English, Led short. and said, ead men; had there md them; ould have dians and surprised, e Englisli ads, when 116 PHILIP'S WAR. with his twe locks tied up with red, and a great rat* tlesnake's skin hanging to the back part of his head, Twho Captain Church concluded to be Totoson) ran rrom them into the swamp. Captain Church in per- son pursued him close, till coming prettv near up with him, presented his gun between his shoulders, but it missing fire, the Indian perceiving it, turned and presented at Captain Church, [but his gun]^ missing fire also ; (their guns taking wet with the fog and dew of the morning) [and]^ the Indian turn- ing short for another run, his foot tripped in a small grape vine, and he fell flat on his face. Captain Church was by this time up with him, and struck the muzzle of his gun, an inch and a half, into the back part of his bead, which despatched him without another blow."^ But Captain Church looking benind him, saw Totoson, the Indian whom he thought he had killed, come flying at him like a dragon ; but this happened to be fair in sight of the guard that were set to keep the prisoners, who, spying Totoson | and others that were following him, in the very sea- sonable juncture made a shot upon them, and rescu- ed their Captain; though he was in no small danger] from his friends bullets ; for some of them came so[ near him that he thought he felt the wind of them. The skirmish being over, they gathered their pri- soners together, and found the number that they had] killed and taken, was one hundred and seventythred (the prisoners which they took over night includedjf who after the skirmish, came to them, as they weK| ordered.f Now having no provisions but what they took froiij ^ i[and] 2 [but] * It cannot, now, be ascertained who this Indian warriool Was, but his bravery was not unequal/ perhaps^ to nnijl berless ewilized warriours whose individual fame has 0\ far bulkier books than this. t These exploits took up two days, namely the 8, aodi August. PHILIP'S WAR. 117 reat rat- lis head, son) ran 1 in per- near up iioulders, t, turned lis gun]* with the lian turn- in a small Captain struck the the back n without ing benind thought he ragon 5 but guard that ig Totoson e very sea- and rescu- nail danger 3m came so d of them. !d their pii- lattheyha^ Bventythreft it included] 5 they wen ley took M haps, to ntfj fame has P"! the enemy, they hastened to Bridgewater, sending an express before to provide for them, their company being now very numerous.* The gentlemen of Bridgewater met Captain Church with great expressions of honour and thanks, and re- ceived him and his army with all due respect and kind treatment. Captain Church drove his prisoners (that night) into Bridgewater pound, and set his Indian soldiers to guard them. They being well treated with victu- als and drink, they had a merry night, and the pri- soners laughed as loud as the soldiers; not being so treated [for] a long time before. Some of the Indians now said to Captain Church, " Sir, you have now made Philip^ ready to die, for you have made him as poor and miserable as he used to make the English ; for you have now killed or taken all [of] his relations; that they believed he would now soon have his head, and that this bout I had almost broken his heart." The next dayf Captain Church moved, and arriv- [ed with all his prisoners safe at Plymouth. The ^reat English army was now at Taunton, and Major ^alcot,J with the Connecticut forces, being in these >arts of the country, did considerable spoil upon the ;nemy. * Church had but about 30 Englishmen and 20 reconciled Indians, says Hubbard, 33:5; as hc£oT*i noted; and that he took about 153 prisoners. It is prcb&ble that he is a little ]»ut of the way in the former, as well as the latter part of thie tatement. t August 14. X Major John Talcot. h t& to be resetted that we have [0 account of this military chieftain in a bioerapl^cal work, here are many of this class, which, should they receive a nail part of the attention bestowed on some obscure charao- irs, would add much to the value of such works. I have Ittle information of Major Talcot, except what is contain- in the valuable History- of Connecticut. In note 1, on ;e 107', a few of his exploits arc skt^tch^d ; but about this le he was as hvay as Church, and ppj formnl very signal 118 PHILIP'S WAR. Now Captain Church being arrived at Plymouth received thanks from the government for his good service, &c. Many of his soldiers were disbanded, and he thought to rest himself awhile; being much fatigued, and his health impaired, by excessive heats and colds, wading through rivers, (&c. But it was not. long before he was called upon to rally, upon advice that some of the enemy were discovered in Dartmouth woods. He took his Indians, and as many English volun- teers as presented to go with him; scattering into small parcels, Mr. Jabez Howland (who was now, and often, his Lieutenant, and a worthy good soldier) had ihe fortune to discover and imprison a parcel of the enemy. In the evening they met together at an appointed place, and by examining the prisoners they gained intelligence of Totoson's haunt.* And being brisk in the morning, they soon gained an ad- vantage of Totoson's company,! though he himself, services. After he had recruited his men at home a short time, he received intelligence that a large body of In>iians were fleeing to the westward. Major Tsilcot overtook them near the close of the third day, between Westfield and Alba- ny on the west side of Housatonick river. - On the following morning he divided his men into two parties; one was toi cross the river and come upon their front, at the same time the other fell upon their rear. This well concerted plan came near being ruined ; as the first party were crossing the river they were discovered by one of the enemy who was out, fishing. He hallooed, "Awannux! Awannux!" andl was immediately shot down. This surprised the enemy,! and the gun was taken for the signal to begin the onset by I the other party, who discharged upon them as they were I rising from sleep. All that were not killed or wounded lleilj into the woods which were very thick, and the {{ursuit vasl given up. Fortyfive of the enemy were killed i|nd takenj among the former was the sachem of Quabaog. The ariDjI now returned. The Major had at first 350 men besid^j friendly Indians. * See note on page 115. t Hubbard, Nar. 333, says that about fifty were taken til this time. PHILIP'S WAR. IIU lis good ibanded, ig much ive heats t it was ly, upon •vered in sh volun- iring into was now, ,d soldier) a peered agetnir at 5 prisoners nt.* And aed an ad- le himself, piinc a short y of Indians irertook them Id and Alba- he following I ; one was to he same im ' ncerted plan e crossing the my \rho was Minux!" ani the enemy, the onset bj as they ;ver« wounded m .e pursuit m ed Und takeM Thearmjl ,0 men beside « were with his son about eight years old, made their escape, and one old squaw with them, to Agawom,* his own country. But Sam Barrow,t as noted a rogue' as any among the enemy, fell into the hands of the Eng- Hsh at this time. Captain Church told him, that because of his inhuman murders and barbarities, the Court had allowed him no quarter, but was to be forthwith put to death ; and therefore he wa« to pre- pare for it. Barrow replied, that the sentence of death asainst him was just, and thut indeed he was ashamed to live any longer, and desired no more favour, than to smoke a whiff of tobacco before his execution. When he had taken a few whiffs, he said, he was ready ; upon which one of Captain Church's Indians sunk his hatchet into his brains. The famous Totoson arriving at Agawom,} his son, Aether, he asked Major Sanford's and Captain Gold- ^g's advice, what metliod [it] was best to take in laking the onset ; but they declined giving him any ' 1 tw^Wj -i^ ' *»^ * Mr. Hubbard says that it was for advadna him to uake ^ace with the Ehghah. - * ^ l» noLirBWA^L 9dnem ; leUnig him, that his groat experience and «liCceM forbid their taking upon them to give advice. Tlien Captain Church offered Captain Golding [— .]i the honour (if he would please accept of it) to neat up Phitin's headquarters. He accepted the offer and had his allotted number drawn out to him, and the pilot. Captain Church's instructions to him were, to be very careful in his approach to the ene- my, and be sure not to show himself, until by day- light they might see and discern their own men from the enemy ; told him also, that his custom in like casea, was, to creep with his company, on their bel- lies, until they came as near as they could ; and that as soon as the enemy discovered theni, they would cry Out, and that was the word for his men to | fire and ikU on. [He] directed him, [that] when the enemy should start and take into the swamp, [that] they should pursue with speed ; every man shouting and making what noise [he]^ could ; for he would give orders to his ambuscade to fire on any that should come silently. Captain Church knowing that it was Philip's cus- tom to be foremost in the flight, went down to the j swamp, and gave Captain Williams, of Scituate the { command of the right wing of the ambush, and pla- ced an Englishman and an Indian together behind such shelters of trees, &,c., [as]^ he could find, took care to place them at such distance, that nonej might pass undiscovered between them ; charged them to be careful of themselves, and of hurting! their friends, and to fire at any that should come a-j lently through the swamp. But [it] being somewhat! farther through the swamp than he was aware of, he! wanted men to make up his ambuscade. .^ Having placed what men he had, he took Majorl Sanford by the hand, [and] said, '^ Sir I have so[)laj ced them that it is scarce possible Philip sho^i^J escape them." The same moment a shot whii ' > (that he should have] »{tbey] 3 [that] nilLIP«WAB. ti3 €6 vdA advice. .g[-T to Deal ne offer lim, and to him the ene- by day- nen from m in like rtieir bel- ; and that ley would len tOifire when the Bip, [that] n shouting he would 1 any that lilip'a CM- own to the Icituatethej »h, and pU- , her behind Id find, and 5, that none ft. charged! of hurting| aid come a- j [igsomewhati aware of,be^ e took Mai«| Ihavesopifi *hiUp sM shot whi8tle4| a[ihat] over their heads, «id then the no*fe ofa ginldwaidi Philip's camp. Captain Church, at first, tboUfhl EiatJ it mii^t be some gun fired by accideni; but Ibie be could speak, a whole volley followed, which was earlier than ne expected. One of Philip's geng going Ibrth to ease himself, when he had done» look- ed round him, and Captain Golding thought rthal] the Indian looked right at him, (though probd>ly it was but his conceit) so fired at him ; and upon his firing, the whole company that were with him fired upon the enemy's shelter^ before the Indians had time to rise firom their sleep, and so over shot them. But their shelter was open on that side next the swamp, built so on purpose for the convenience of flight on occasion. They were soon in the swamp, and Philip the foremost, who starting at the first gun, threw his petunk and powderhorn over his head, catchisd up his gun, and ran as fast as he could scamper, without any more clothes than his small breeches and stockings ; and ran directly on two of Captain Church's ambush. They let him come fair within shot, and tl.e Englishman's gun missing fire, he bid the Indian fire away, and he did so to [the] purpose ; sent one musket bullet through his heart, and another not above two inches from it. He fell upon his face in the mud and water, with his gun under him.* * Thus fell the celebrated King Philip, the implacable enemy of ciTilication. Never, pernaps, did the fuHof any nrince or warriour afford so much space for solid reflection. Had the resources of this hero been equal to those of his ene- : mies, vrhBi would have been their fate ? This exterminating war had not been known to millions ! How vast the con- [trast! when this country is viewed in its present populous land flourishing state, extending over thousands of miles, and the sound of civilization emanating from every part } and [when presented to the imagination in the days of Fnil^; Iwith only here and there a soutary dwelling, sarroaadid With Ian endless wilderness. I Before the fall of Philip, the I idians for some time had ]>een loosing ^roand, and were consideFed as nearl^ siibdacd. 134 FRILIPnS WAR. B? thii time the enemy perceived [that] they were waylaid on the east side of the swamp, [and] tacked short about. One of the enemy, who seemed to be a great, surly old fellow j hallooed with a loud voice, and often called out, **loot(uh, looiaskJ*^ Captain Church called to his Indian, Peter, and asked him, who that was that called so ? He answered, that it was old Annawon,f Philip's great Captain; calling but this event clearly decided their fate ; doulbts vrere no longer entertained of their appearing forinidable. To this roeniorable and important event, we are able to fix the date, with that certainty, which adds lustre to the pages of histo- ry.. Other historians agree that it was on tne 12 August, and thb history clearly indicates that it was on the morning of a certain day, which, therefore, falls on Saturday mornings 12 August, 1676. Mr. Hubbard, Nar. 226, saya, " With Philip at this time fell five of his trustiest followers.'^ To know their names would be a relief. * This is evidently a word of three syllables, and is very easj. to pronounce. It should be thus divided, l-oo-tash ; giving the second syllable the same sound that oo has in moose, mood, &C. Vvhy Dr. Morse should alter this word to Tootash, I cannot account. It is certainly an unwarrantable deviation and should not be countenanced. See Annals of the Ameri- can Revolution, &3, and the edition of 1820 of his Hist. N. England. t T^s word also, the author of the Annals of the Ameri- can Revolution has thought proper to alter to Anawon ; this, however, is less important than that mentioned in the last note, but should not be warranted. Some contend that it; termination should be written wan, as being uore agreeable to analogy.- I cannot think that it is ; because the author, without ooubt, intended by the termination won, to convej the sound of toim, and not that heard in swan* What is preserved of this warriour is found in this history. His principal camp was in Squannaconk swamp, in ReIkO' both, where he was taken by Church, as will presently be seen. In a preceding page, Tyasks was called tne next roan to Philip ; but, that Annawon stood in that place, is evident from his being possessed of that chief's royalties after he vras kiUed. Mr. Hubbard says that a son of Philip's chief Captain was killed when Philip was. But as it is not possible for rne to ascertain with certainty who he means by Philip's chief Captain, we cannot tell whether he we're a son of Annawon | or not ; but it appears quite prcbable to me that he was. mucJ to bel one old IJ him. : stoo( [speet had man •H<| Jfhis >fevcj in the { lei PHILIP'S WAR. 1S6 rwere ackod to be voice, lapt&in d him, that it calling I very easy giving the osCi mood, Tootash, I deviation theAmeri- is Hist. ^. he Ameri- ,won ; this, in the last end that its e agreeable the author, «, to convey this history, ip, in Relw- presently b« he next man •e, is evident i after he vas chief Captavn issibleformj Philip's cliiet lof Annawo"! it he vf as. in his •oldiera to stand to it, and fight stoutly. Now the enemy finding that place of the swamp which w^s not ambushed, many of them made their escape in the English tracks. The man that had shot down Philip, ran with all speed to Captain Church, and informed him of his exploit, who commanded him to be silent about it and let no man more know it, until they had driven the swamp clean. But when they haa driven the swamp through, and found [thatj the enemy had escaped, or at least, the most of them, and the sun now up, and so the' dew gone, that tliey could not easily track them, the whole company met together at tlie place where the enemy's night shelter was, and then Captain Church gave them the news of Philip's death. Upon which the whole army gave |hree loud huzzas. Captain Church ordered his body to be pulled out of the mire to the upland. So some of Captaui Church's Indians took hold of him by his stockings, and some by his small breeches ; (being otherwise naked) and drew him through the mad to the up- land; and a doleful, great, naked, dirty beast ne looked like.* Captain Church then said, that foras^ much as he had caused many an Englishman's bo^y to be unburied, and to rot above ground, that hot one of his bones should be buried. And calling his old Indian executioner, bid him behead and quarter him. Accordingly he came with his hatchet and I stood over him, but before he struck he made a small [speech directing it to Philip, [which was, thatp ^'he had been a very great man, and had made many a [man afraid of him, but so big as he was, he would now ^ [and said] * How natural is the propensity of man, to exult in the fall >f his enemy! However great or brave, if the great disposer >f events renders him unprofitably so, no allowance is made in the dav of victory, though the honour of the conqueror is leasored by that of his foe. tu PHIUFS WAR ehdp hii anelbr him."* And lO he went to woik iad did m he wss ordered.f Philip hetilig one tery renuurkable handi being much scarred, decasioned by the eplittiiig of a pii- tol in it formerly, Captain Church gave the head and that hand to Alderman,} the Indian who ihot hin:.« to iihow to such gentlemen at would bestow gra* t*!iti«8 upon him ; and accordingly he got many a penn]|r by it. Thii being'on the last day Of the week, the Cap- tain with his company, returned to the island, rand] tarried there until Tuesday ;^ and then went off ana ranged through all the woods to Plymouth, and re- ceived their premium, which was thirt;^ shillings per head, for tlie enemies which they had killed or takin, instead of all wages; and Philip's head went at the same price. Methinks it is scanty reward, and poor eiiec^irttgement ; though it was better than [it>]^ had 1 [whftt] 1 11 " ' ■ ■ ■ II ■ I— ^~^— ^—i »— — . I ^ Dr. Morse in copying from this history, quotes th»^ tbore speech thus ; ** Yoi^ nare been one Terr great mas. Yoa hare made many a man afraid of /oa. Bin so big as you bf , I will cho^ yon m pieces.*' By bis liberties with authors, w< mil^ttake him for the Cotton Mather of the age. How* ever, we are willing to excuse him in this instance, on the score of chastity. . t Being quartered he was hanged up. and his head carried in triumph to Plymouth. Magnalia, II, 498, 499. « That Tory nignt [prenous to his death] Philip had been dreaming that he was fallen into the hands of the English ;*and now just as he was telling his dream, with adrice unto his friends to fly for their lives, lest the knave who had neWly gone from them should show the English how to eonie at thenij Captain Church, with his company, fell in upon them.'* Ibid. Pe^ haps this story deserves as much credit as that on page 30, note 1. Mr. Hubbard, no doubt heard this part of the storf) | but perhaps not havine as much feith in dreams as the au* thor of the Magnalia, thought proper to omit it. I This was the same Indian, whose brother was IdUedtj and who informed the English where to find Philip. Trs» buU, Hist. Con. I, 349. ' § August 15. '<^i PBILlPniWAR. m been ionie time before. For this raaffck ibey receiv* tdfomr MOing$ and 9%xpmu a man, wkicb wat all the reward they had, except the honour of killing Philip. This wai in the latter end* of Aucutt, 1 676. Captain Church had been but a little while at Ply* moutri, before a poit from Rehobolh came to infbnn the Govemour, that old Annawon, Philip's chief C^>- tain, wat with his company ranging about their woode, and was very offensive and pernicious to Re* hoboth and Swanxey. Captain Church .was imme- diately sent for again, and treated with to enga^^e in one expedition more. He told them, Tthatl their en- couragement was so poor, he feared fthatt his sol* diers would be dull about going a^ain. But being 1 hearty friend to the cause, he rallies again, ffoes to Mr. Jaoez Howland, his old Lieutenant, and some of his soldiers that used to go out with him; told them how the case was circumstanced, and that he liad intelligence of old Annawon's walk and haunt, and wanted hands to hunt him. They did not want much entreating, but told him, [that] they would ao with him as long as there was an Indian left in the woods. He moved and ranged through the woods to Pocasset. , It being the latter end of the week, he proposed to go on to Rhodcisland, and rest until Monday ; but on the Lord's day morning,f there came a post to inform the Captain, that early the same morning, a canoe with several Indians in it, passed from Pru- dence islandl to Poppasquash^ neck. Captain Church thought if he could possibly surprise them, * The reason of this anachronism is explained in note 1 ; on page 94. t August 30. X A long and erooked Idiand on the west side of Rhodes island, extendrn|( from near the centre of Bhodeisland t» Warwick tieck, u length about 6 miles. § (On the west side of BristoL) And separated from it by Bristol bay. :f i^ m PHILira WAB. [that] he might probably gain lome intdlliffence of more aame i therefore he made all possible speed after mem. The ferry boat beintf out of the way, lie made use of canoes. ^ But by that time they had made two freights, and had ^ot over about fifteen or sixteen of his Indians, the wmd sprung up with such violence that canoes could no more pass.* The Osptain seeing it was impossible for any more of his soldiers to come to him, he told his Indians, [that] if they were willing to so with him, he would goto PoppasqiMsh, and see if they could catch some of the enemy Indiims. Thev were willing to go, but • were sorry [that] they dad no Enfflish soTdiers.f So they marched through the thicKets that t^ey might not be discovered, until they came. unto jthe salt meadow, to the northward of Bristol town, that how is, [when]^ they heard a gun; the Captain looked about, not knowing but it mi^ht be some of ' his own company in the rear, i So halting till they all came up, he found [that] it was none of his own company that fired. Now, though he had but a few men, [he] was minded to send some of them out on a scout. He moved it to Captain Lightfoot to. go with three [others] ^ oh a scout ; he said [that] he was willing, provided the Captain's man, Nathaniel (which was an Indian they nad lately taken) might be one of them, because he was well acquainted with the .1 .. *(then] «[morc] * This event was but a few days more than one hundred years before the celebrated passage of Waiiangton over the Delaware to attack the Hessians at Trenton, which has been so beautifally described by Barlow. See his Columbiad, B. vi. line 91 to 314. Perhaps this expedition of the heroick Church, in the small days of Newengland was of as macb | consequence as sreatcr ones were a century after. It is not j impossible^ biut tnat another Barlow may arise an^ sing over j the eventsDf these days of yore. A vasttheme fi»r a poet! i t They had one or more Englishmea in the cemptny tf irill appear presently* ne< hoi PHILIP'S WAR. 1S» • neck, ancl coining lately from among them, knew how to call them. The Captain bid him choose his three companion!^ ond go ; and if the^ came acroM anjr of the enemy, not to kill them if they could possibly take them alive, that they might gain intelligence concerning Annawon. The Captain with the rest of his com- pany moved but a little way further toward Poppa- squash, before they heard another gun, which seem- ed to be the same way with the other, but further oAT ^ but they made no halt until they came unto t^ nar^ row of Poppasquash neck; where Captaia' Gnurch left three men more to watch, [and see] if any should c yme out of the neck, and to mibrm tiie scout, when: they returned, which way he was gone. He parted the remainder of his company, half on one side of the neck, and the other with himself went on the other side, [ — "] ^ until they met ; and meeting neither with Indians nor canoes, returned big with ex- pectations of tidings by their scout. Bvft when they * came back to the three men at the narrow of the n3ck, they told their Captain [that] the scout, [had]* not returned, [and] had heard nor seen any thmg of them. This filled them with thoughts of what should become of them. By that time they had sat and waited an hour longer, it was very dark, arid they despaired of their returning to them. Some of the Indians told- their Captain, [that] they feared his new man, Nathaniel, had met with his I old Mounthope friends, and [• — "j^ turned rogue. They concluded to make no fires that nigh|, (and [indeed they had no great need of any) for they had no victuals to cook, [ — ] ^ not so much as a morsel . iof bread with them. They took up their lodgings scattering, thai if pos- |sibly their scout should come in the night, and whis- tle, (which was their sign) some or other of them night hear them. They had a very solitary, hun-*' ^> f of the neck] » [was] 3 [was] * [had] 130 PHILIPS WAR. gry night; and as soon as the day broke,* they drew on through the brush to a hill without the neck. And looking about them they espied one Indian man come running somewhat towards them. The Cap- tain ordered one man to step out and show himself. Upon this the Indian ran right to him, and who should it be but Captain Liehtfoot, to their great joy. Captain Church asked him what news'? He answered, "Good news;" [that] they were all well, and had catched ten Indians ; and that they guarded theiix all night in one of the flankers of the old English garrison ;f that their prisoners were part of Annawon's company, and that they had lef: their families in a swamp above Mattapoiset neck.| And a9 they were marching towards the old garrison, Lightfbot gave Captain Church a particular account 'of their exploit, viz. ; that presently after they left iiim, they heard another gun, which seemed toward the Indian burying place ; and moving that way, they discovered two of the enemy flaying of a horse, t'he scout clapping into the brush, Nathaniel bid them sit down, and he would presently call all the Indians thereabout unto him. They hid, and he went a little distance back from them, and set up his liote and howled like a wolf. One of the two im- mediately left his horse, and came running to see who was there ; but Nathaniel howling lower and lowier, drew him in between those that lay in wait for him, who seized him. Nathaniel continuing the yame note, the other left the horse also, following his mate, and met with the same. When they caught these two,.they examined them apart and found them • Monday August 28. t This was the fort that was built in JunlCi 1675, which I Church so much disapproved of. See page S^. U was pro' j hably of more service now than it had ever been bjBforei if we judge from any account since given. I (la Swanzey. There is another Mattapoiset in Roeit' I ester.) PHILIP'S WAR. 131 5y drew i neck, an man ie Cap- himself. nd who ir great rs*? He vere all hat they 18 of the jrs were had lef* 3t neck.J garri^n, r accoiinl they left 3d toward that way, f a horse, laniel bid till all the , and he set up his le two lin- ing to see lower and ay in wait inuing the lowing his ley caught bund them 1675, whicli :U was pro- isetm Bochp| to ^ree in their stoFV ; that there were eight mcMce of them [who camej^ down into the neck to ^et provisions, and had agreed to meet at the burying place that evening. These two being some of Na^ thanicl's old acquaintance, he had great influence upon them, and with his enticing story, (telling what a brave captain he had, how bravely he lived since he had been with him, and how much they might better their condition by turning to him, (&c.,) per- suaded and engaged them to be on his side, which, indeed, now began to be the better side of the hedge. They waited but a little while before they espied the rest of theirs coming up to the burying place, and Nathaniel soon howled them in, as he had done their mates before. When Captain Church came to the garrison, he met his Lieutenant,* and the rest of his company. [And then making up good fires they fell to roasting [their horse beef, enough to last them a whole day, [but had not a morsel of bread, though salt theyjb«4».» [which they always carried in their pockets, [and] rhich at this time was very acceptable to them.) Their next motion was towards the place where the prisoners told them [that] they had left their i^omen and children, ana surprised them all ; and ^ome others that [had]' newly come to them. And ipon examination they held to one story, that it was lard to tell where to find Annawon, for he never. Roosted twice in a place. Now a certain Indian soldier, that Captain Chureb |ad gained over to be on his side, prayed that he. night have liberty to go and fetch in his fiither, wbo» le said, was about four miles from that jpiliilces^ in ^ ^vamp, with no other than a young squaw[wcrc] * Mr. Jahes Howland '^^. 133 PRILIFS WAR. [-*•>: Indians with him, leaving the rest there, he went with his new soldier to look [after] his father. When he came to the swamp, lie bid the Indian go [and]^ see if he could find his father. He was no socner gone, but Captain Church discovered a track coming down out of the woods ; upon which he and his little company lay close, some on one side of the track, and some on the other. They heard the Indian soldier making a howling for his father, and at length somebody answered him ; but while they were listening, they thought [that] they heard somebody coming towards them; presently [th«y] saw an old man coming up with a gun on his shoulder, and a young woman following in the trfick which they lay by. They let them come up between them, and then started up and laid hold of them both. Captain Church immediately examined them apart, telling them what they must trust to, if they told false stories. He asked the young woman, what company they came from last? She said, ** From Captain Annawon's." He asked her how many were in company with him when she left him 1 She said, •* Fifty or sixty." He asked her how many miles it was to the place where she left him 9 She said, [that] she did not understand miles, but he was up in Sqtiannaconk swamp.* The old man, who had been one of Philip's coun- cil, ^pon examination, gave exactly the same ac* count. Captain Church asked him if they could get there that night 9 He said, [that] if they went pre- sently, and travelled stoutly, they might ^et there < by sunset. He asked whither he was going 9 He | fmswered, that Annawon had sent him down to lookj [for] some Indians, that were gone down into Mount- nope neck to kill provisions. Captain Church let| him know that those Indians were all his prisoners* '[to] «Cbtt^] ' _ • (Southeasterly put of Reboboth) PHILIPS WAR. 133 By this time came the Indian soldier and brought his father and one Indian more. The Captain was now in a great strait of mind what to do next ; he had a mind to give Annawon a visit, now he knew where to find him. But his company was very small, [only]^ half a dozen men beside himself, and was under a necessity to send some body back to acquaint his Lieutenant and company with his proceedings. However, he asked his small company that were with him, whether they would willingly go with him and give Annawon a visit 9 They told him, [that] they were always ready to obey his commands, <&c. ; but withal told him, that they knew this Captain Anna- won was a great soldier ; that he had been a vaUapt Captain under Asuhmequin,* Philip's father; and 1 [but] * Morton, 123, calls him Woosamequen. This was the last name by which the " good old Massassoit" was known. This name he took about the time of the Pequot war as was mentioned in note 1, on page 17. Allen in his Biographical Dictionary, has given a short sketch of himi^whicn is very deficient. Not even informing us that he was ever known by an^ othei- name than Massassoit. This celebrated chief en- tered into a league of friendship with the Plymouth Pilgrims, the next spring after their arrival, which was kept until his death. Some of the other tribes insultingly told him, that through his cowardice he had treated with the English. However this might be, he is said always to ha'e advised his sons against engaging in a war with them, for he believed Ihat in time the Indians would be annihilated. He wat^^re? markable for his aversion to the English religion. Hutchtii^ «on, I, 353, says that " when he was treating for the sale of some of his lands at Swanzey, insisted upon it as a condition, that the English should never attempt to draw off any of his people from their religion to Christianity, and would not re- cede until he found the treaty wpuld Weak off if he urged It any further." He was personally several times at Plv- mouth. On his first arrival there, in MLrch, 1690-31, ne made his appearance on the hill, the soatk«ide of Town brook, with several of his principal men with him. Jdere he made a stop and Mr. Edward Winslow was sent to him with a pre- sent, and the Governour's (Carver) com|^Qients that he de- sired to see him, and treat with him. He left Mr. Window 134 FHILIP'S WAR. that he had beeq Philip's chieflaio all this war. A very tubUe man, of great resolution, and had often said, that {le tfcjjild never be taken, alive by the English, -!l-fi. m «rf||p^ge with his men, and with about twenty of his sol- disur w«;nt down to the brook, where Captain Standii^ met him with a file of six men, and conducted him to a new house. A green rug was spread over the floor, and three or i^vat cushions laid upon k. The Govemour then came, pre- coded by a drum and trumpet, at the sound of which they •Mpeared much delighted. After some introduction^ the wamfi mentioned league or treaty was entered upon and con- chsdfed as foUows: «irfiefe I. That neither he* nor any of his, shouM injure if do iiurt to any of their people. Jlrt II. That if any of his didlkliy hurt to any of tneirs, he should send the oflender tllfti t)iey might punish him. Jrt. III. That if any thing Wm taken away fleom any of theirs, he should cause it to tt< restored ^ and they should do the like to his. Jlrt. IV. That if anv did unjustry warasainst him, they would aid him; and Ir any did war ow8 and arrows) behind them. JJrt. VII. Lastly, that so doing, their sove- reign tiord, King James would eisteem him as his friend and ally. Two years after ^in 163S) Massassoit fell sick, and Mr. Winslow went to visit him. He found the Iiouse crowded with men who were using their rude exertions to restore him to health. Being informed that his friends were come to see himr, lie oesired to speak with them. (He was very sick and his sipit had left him.) When Mr. Winslow went to him he took him by the hand and faintly said, " Keen Wins- now?" That is, « Art thou Winslow ?» Being informed that he was, he then said, " Maita neen wonckunet namen Wins- nowP* That is, "O Wiodow I shall never see thee again !" He had not taken any thing for two days, but Mr. Winslow eave him something that he had prepared which he was able to swallow, and ne immediat^y grew better, and soon entirely recovered. In 2699, this Indian King was at Plymouth witn Mooanam or Wamsutta, his son, then or afterwards named Alexander, and renewed the former leaeue. The precise time of his death Is unknown. But from Hubbard, 59, it ap* t>ears that SI was about 1^56. Morton, 36, and 1S3. Hutch* inson, I, 853, 353. Belknap, Amer. Biog. I, 813, 391. PflIUP*S WAR. 133 And moreover they knew that the men that were with him were resolute fellows, some of Philip's chief soldiers ; and therefore, feared whether it was practicable to make an attempt upon him with so small a handful of assailants as were now with hino. Told him further, that it would be a pity, (>— ]^ oftfer all the great things he had done, [that] lie should throw away his hie at last. Upon wnich he replied, that he doubted not Annawon was a subtle and val- iant man ; that he had a long time, but in vain, sought for him, and never till now could find his quarters, and he was very loath to miss of the opportunity ; and doubted no% [ — y tha^t if they would cheerfully go with him, the same Almighty Providence that hap hitherto protected and befriended them,^would do so still, &c. - Upon this with one consent they said, [that] tliev would go. Captain Church then tupned to one Cook of Plymouth, (the only Englishman then / with him) and asked him, what he thought of it 9 [H^]' repli- ed, ** Sir, I am never afraid of going any where when you are with me." Then Captain Church asked the old Indian, if he could carry his horse with him 9 (For he conveyed a horse thus far with him.) He replied that it was impossible for a horse to pass the swamps. Therefore, he sent away his new Indian soldier with his father, and the Captain's horse, to his Lieutenant, and orders for him to move to Taun- ton with the prisoners, to secure them there, and to come out in the morning in the Rehoboth road, in which he might expect to meet him, if he were alive and had success. The Captain then asked the old fellow if he would pilot him [to]* Annawon *? He answered, that he hav- 1 [that] 3 [but] 3 [who] . 4 [unto] Hohues, I, 208. Prince, 185, &c. Whether be had than two sons is uncertain ; but it seems by a letter to don, written during this war, that th^e^'ws»,.^otlier. Htttchision, I, 365 ^ J : PHILIP'S WAR. ing given him his life, he was obliged to serve him. He bid him move on then, and they followed. The old man would out travel them so far sometimes, that they were almost out.Vf sig|it ; [and] looking dver his shoulder, and seeing tfief^ behind, ne would halt. Just as the sun was setting, the ciild man made a full stop and sat down ; the company coming up, also sat down, being all weary. Captain Church asked, " What news^" He answered, that about that time in the evening, Captain Annawon sent out his. scouts to see if the coast were clear, and as sooii as^t be- f^an to crow dark, the scouts returned ; and then said he) "we may move again securely." When it bogan to grow dark, the old man stood up again, [and] Captain Church asked him if he would take a guii and fight for him *? tie bowed very low, and fived him nol%f impose such a thing upon him, as ;iight against Captain Annawon his old friend. I^ says he, " I will go along with you, and be help- ful to you, and >yin lay hands on any man that shall offer to hurt you." It being now pretty dark, they moved close to- gether ; — anon they heard a noise. The Captain stayed the qld man with his hand, and asked his own men what^tpise they thought it might be 9 They concludeaP^;to be the pounding of a mortar. The old man had gVen Captain Church a description of the place* where Annawon now lay, andof thediffi- * This solitary retreat is in the southeasterly part of the town of Rehoboth, but being near Taunton line, some, in re- lating the story, report it to be in this town. It is about 8 miles from Taunton sreen, and nearly in a direct line to Providence. The northwest corner of Dightofi runs up be- tween Tauhtoji and Itefaoboth, through which we pass in gldiers to instruc- ley went discover- ed people> fit to alter videnttbat tionofthis ere this not ;rity asve nimportaDt tendency*! r of any »c- laid that an axuifi it do«t ed, thattte ttfaJterlet- thesente, ed themtelTet [to the enemy, they]' told them that, their Gapfiiin Annawon was taken, and [that] it would be best for them, quietly and peaceably t ) surrender themselves, which wopld procure good quarter for them ; otherwise, if they should pretend to resist or make their escape, it would be m vain, and they could expect no other but that Captain Church, wiUi his great army, who had n^w entrap- ped them, would cut them to pieces. Told them also, [that] if they would submit themselves, and de- liver up tM their arms unto them, and keep every men in his place until it was day, they would assure iJiem that their Captain Church, who had been so kind to themselves when they surrendered to him, should be as kind to them. Now they being old ac- quaintance, and many of them relations, did much the readier give heed to what they said; [so] compli- ed, and surrendered up their arms ttnto them, both their suns and hatchets, iSLC, and were forthwith carried td Captain Church.* Things being so far settled. Captain Church asked Annawon, ** what he had for supper?" " for (said he) I am come to sup with you." " Taubut,** (said An- nawon) with a big voice, and looking about upon his women, bid them hasten and get Captain Church and his company some supper. [He] then turned to Captain Church and asked him wliethier be would eat cow beef or horse beef 9 The Captain told him cow beef would be most acceptable. It was soon got ready, and pulling his little bag of salt out of his pocket, which was all the provision he brought with him. This seasoned his cow beef. So that with it and the dried green corn, which th<». old squaw was pounding in the mortar, while they were sliding * [who they were] ^Mr.^ Hubbard differs considerably in bis relation of the takiD|^ ^/Aonftwon, from bur author, and is much shorter. Notbmg very important seems to be omitted in this scooupt, excepting the date, and that Mr. Hubbard omits also. ,iS:^;; 140 PHILIP'S WA^. down the rocks, he made a very hearty supper. And ihiu pounding in the mortar, proved lucky for Cap- tain Church's getting down the rocks ; for when the old squaw pounded, they'moved, and when she ceas- ed, to turn the corn, they ceased creeping. The noise of the mortar* prevented the enemy's hearing their ci'Seeping, and the corn being now dressed, sup- plied the want o^ bread, and gave a fine relish with the cow beef. Supper being over. Captain Church sent two of hi« men to inform the other companies, that he had killed Philip, and taken their friends in Mounthope neck, but had spared their lives, and that he had sub- dued now all the enemy, (he supposed) except this company of Annawon ; and now if they would i be orderly and keep their places until morning, they should have good quarter, and that he would carry them to Tauntpn, where they might see their friends again,, dl^c. The messengers returned, [and informed] that the Indians yielded to his proposals. Cwtain Church thought it was now time for him lo take a nap, havir^g had no sleep in two days and one nieht before. [3o he] told his men, that if they wouldlet him sleep two hours, they should sleep ail theVr^i of the night. He laid himself down and en- deavcfur^ to sleep, but all disposition to sleep de- parted from him. Afler he had lain a little while, he looked up to see how his watch managed, but found them all fast asleep. Now Captain Church had told Captain An- nawon's company, as he had ordered his Indians to tell the others ; [namely] that their lives should f" be spared, excepting Captain Annawon's, alid it was not m his power to promise him his life,\ but he must i carry him tp his masters at Plymouth, and he would ! entreat th^ for his life. / Now when Captain Church, found not oi^ his own I men, but all the Indians fast aijefp, AniMM^ ool; excepted, who, he perceived wat as broaa i#|tke fi> PHILIP'S WAR. Ul himself; and go they lay looking one upon the other, perhapi an hour. Captain Church said nothing to him, for he could not speak Indian, and thought An- nawon could not speak EngHsh. ./ At length Annawon raised himself up, cast off his blanket, and with no more clothes than his small breeches, walked a little way back from the company. Captain Church thought no other but that he had oc- casion to ease himself, and so walked to some distance rather than offend them with the stink. But by and by he was gone out of sight and hearihs, and then Captain Church began to suspect some ill design in him ; and got all the guns close to him, and crowd- ed himself close under youns Annawon; that if he should anywhere get a gun, he should not make a shot at him, without endangering his son. Lying very still awhile, waiting for the event, at length, he heard somebody coming the same way that An- nawon went. The ^aoon now shining bright, he saw him at a distance coming with something in his hands, and coming up to Captain Church, ne fell upon his knees before him, and offered him what he had brought, and speaking in plain English^ said, ''Great Captain, you have killed Philip, and con- •quered his country ; for I believe that I and my com- pany are the last that war against the English, so suppose the war is ended by your means ; and there- fore these things belong unto you." . Then opening his pack, he pulled out Philip's belt,* curiously wrought with wompom,f being nine inches broad, * This belt and some other of Philip's ornaments are now owned in a family at Swanzey, as I was informed by an in- habitant of the place. 4 > t Wampum, or wampom, called also wampampeag ; a kind of money in use among the Indians. It was a kind of bead made of^dtells of the great conch, muscles, &c., and curiously wrought and polished; with a hole throueh them. They were of diflerent colours, as black, blue, red, white and pur- ple ; the last of which were wrought by the Fivenations. Six of the white, and three of the black, of 'blue passed for a penny. Trumbull, Hist. U S. I, 28. In ie07 warapom X43 PHILIPS WAR. wrou^t with black and white wompom, in various figiirett and flowen and pictures of man^ birds anyaUie8, when he ' that he Captain ipent the [Paptain r success / nations , Philip's maccounta- action, and ; took ijlace. is admitted, ivss. HttV tember, ami our author t that it wt8 was a moon , Thi«ex* III the morning, as soon as it was light, the Cap- tain marched wiUi his prisoners out of that swampy country towards Taunton. [He] met his Lieutenant and company about four miles out of town, who ex- pressed a great deal of joy to see him again, and said, [that] it was more than ever they expected. They went into Taunton, were civilly and kindly treated by the inhabitants. [Here they] refreshed and rested themselves that night. Early next morning, the Captain took old Anna- won, and half a dozen of his Indian soldiers, and hii own man, and went to Rhodeisland; sendins the rest of his company, and his prisoners by his Lieu- tenant* to Plymouth. Tarrying two or three days upon the island, he then went to Plymouth, and car- ried his wife and his two children with him. Captain Church had been but a little while at Plymouth, when he was informed of a par' ei of In- dians who had haunted the woods between Plymouth and Sippican ; that did great damage to the Eng- lish, in killing their cattle, horses, and swine. The Captain was soon in pursuit of them. [He] went out from Plymouth the next Monday in the after- noon, [and] next morning early they discovered a track. The Captain sent two Indians on the track to see what they could discover, whilst he and his company followed gently after. But the two In- dians soon returned with tidings, that they discover^ ed the enemy sitting round their fires, in a thick place of brush. When they came pretty near the place, the Captain ordered every man to creep vls he did, and surround them by creeping as near as tliey could, till they should be discovered, and then actly corresponds yrith the date fiven above, because the moon was at the fuU on the 36 August, and jlfais beinf( two nights after, they would of course liave the noon a siMrt time after dark. *Mr. Jabes Howlaad, , i 144 PHILIP'S WAR. ^ to run [ — ^]^ upon them, and take them alive if possible, (for theii: prisoners were their pay.) They did so, [taking]' every one* that were at the fires, not one escaping. Upon examination they agreed in their stories, 1 hat they belonged to Tispaquin. who was gone with John Bump,f and one more, 19 Agawom| and Sippican^ tp kill horses, and were not expected back in two or three days. || This same Tispaquin had been a great Captain, and the Indians reported, that he was such a great Pauwau,^ that no bullet could enter him, <&c. Cap- tain Church said, [that] he would not have him kill- ed, for there was a war** broke out in the eastern part of the country, and he would* have him saved ^ go with him to fight the eastern Indians. Agreea- bly iie left two old squaws, of the prisoners, and bid th^m tarry there until their Captam, Tispaquin, re- turned, and to tell him that Church had been there, and had taken his wife and children, and company, and carried them down to Plymouth, and would spare all their lives, and his too, if he would come down to them, and bring the other two that were with him, and they should be his soldiers, &c.' Captain Church then returned to Plymouth, leav- ing the old squaws well provided for, and biscuit for ''Tispaquin when he returned; telling his soldiers, that he doubted not, but he had laid a trap that i[on3 »[took] ■ ' l ' ■ ". ■■ - I—— I .IM -■■■■■ I I. ■I.. I ,.< ^1 ■ I II. -I ■* M H ^.— Ill ■- .1 — — I.— I WU - . ■■ 11^ ., — • About 50 accotdingto Hubbard, 231. " The place was near Lakenham upon Focasset neck, so full of bui^ucs that a man could not see a rod before him." Ibid. t Nothing more is said of this Indian as I can find. There are respectable white people in Middleborough by this name, from the ancestors of whom he might have derived his name. tfWareham.) § (Rochester.) 11 This was in Sefitember. ij Wizard or conjurer. English writers denominate their priests by this name. ' '■ ' ^ <. ** An account of this war will be eiven in the Appendix See No. V. '.«;•' PHILIP'S WAR. 145 ive if They 5 fires, itories, r gone nX and pected place was iishes tbal a na. There this nam*"' td his name. Iminate their e Appendix would take him. Captain Church two days after went to Boston, (the commissioners* then sitting) and waited t^n the honourable Govemour Leve- rett,t who ^idn lay sick. [He]V requested Captain Church to give him some account of the war, who readily obliged his honour therein, to his great satis- faction, as he was pleased to express himself; tak- ing him by the hand, and telling him, [that] if it pleased God [that] he lived, he would make it a brace of a hundred pounds advantage to him out of the Massachusetts colony, and would endeavour that the rest of the colonies should do proportionably. But he died within a fortnight after, and so nothing was done of that nature. 1 [who] * I find no mention of anv other court in Massacbut setts at this time, than that called together the 9 August, ot" casioned by a letter from the King, summoning the colony to appoint commissioners to answer to the complaints of Gor- ges and Mason, concerning boundaries, &c. See Hist. I Mass. I, 280, 381. This ana other business, it is probable, [kept them together until the tiiTie rJluded to in our text. t Governour John Leverett came to America with his fa- Ither in 1633, from Boston in Lincolnshire, England. He Iwas made deputy Governour in 1671, and in 1673, Gover- iQour. He continued in the office until his death, wl^ich, ao- ]fording to our author, was in 1676. Dr. Douglass also, in lis Summary, I, 429, says that it was "in the autumn of 1676." It is remarkable, that most, if not all, later histori ms place his death in 1678, on the authority of Mather, I Conclude. In my first edition of this work I followed the iji- bgraphical Dictionaries without scruple, but soon discd^ered [he errour. Eliot and Allen, perhaps, followed Mather with- lut hesitation, because Hutchinson did not differ from him. The former part of this note was written previoi|s to the [ppearance of Mr. Savage's edition of Wintbrop's History |i' Newengland. It there appears, II, 245, note 2, that a let- ?r was received 1677, from the court of England, creating im Knight. This title was never used, which Mr. Savage Dnjectures various reasons for. But if he were dead before is appointment arrived, that is a suffieient reason. In low's Hist. Boston, some account of his funeral |s given, It under the sane date. . G * PHILIP'S WAK. t^^' ««*A in and those wl must rctnain ignorant. ^ .^^ -^ ^o more! Thnswe "."=". u.ndot time. * " . ^ t,?«-i,erv in »« the erterroinat'ne n»»° ct them H*"''^^rt beine often the natives could not ^ro means of Bupport b«»i^ J^^^ nncommon "e?'^?- .. ' .pW cat otf, was a great inou ^»*' 'JJ-'^no^heEnglSlf where they :^w«rs f«ed «— l%tr Hence thebfifst great -J^^^tvi's iK W 4 lowing lines ad"^^'^;^/ J^ ^f „,ani3 found; « Like leaves on trees the race ^^ ^^^^ ^^^^ . Now green »» y^"^^io^:g';p?^^ luppV.es ; . Another race the .*°"°^V8 J^essive riae : So generations .» ---Zi^;^ away." PoP^'^ Homek. S^ lourish these, when those are P 7 ^^ ^^^^^^ ,, ^,. The conduct of the governmei^t in^^^^^^ f S^t^^S nawon, Tispaqmn, &c., ^^^^.^^rggsary. The Indians jew no^ircamstance now ""^^tn ./walwU^ to deter otheij subdued, therefore no example was w »^^^j^ent as u j U is true, some ^^T« .^^^.^^^^^^^^^ execution^! meriting «/'^T j fo^^reSencies of the moment. G laws formed only for tne «"*f\&|;, ^ person, almost, im k e^nou? Hutchinson observes "f,' J^ ^outh] had lost a reU- Uvo colonies, [Maf^achusetts and ^^,,^e . «il?Sb^r^W. -oteatthe time does not^Uto^^^^^^ PHILIP'S WAR. 147 those rch re- I headii h were can only were cx- icd. Of [lurdered, no more! d upon by rnmcnt of icry in an eing o^en ndacement ared much wamp fig^^ ig the Eng- p fell by the Sio, had he It. Thefol- t ^otfailtojtt^ ys that Churtil Lthchadmai' The general court of Plymouth then sitting, sent for Captain Church, who waited upon them accord- ingly, and received their thanks for his good ser- vice, which they unanimously voted, F&nd] which was all that Captain Church had for his aforesiud service. Afterwards, in the year 1C7{»,* in the month of January, Captain Church received a commission from Governour Winslow,f to scour the woods of some of the lurking enemy, which they were well informed were there. [Here followed the commission which is omitted as it is yer7 similar to that at page 93. It bears date 15 Jan. 1676, butshould be taken 1676-7.] his followers believe were true, that a bullet could not kill him. When he delivered himself up, the government thought proper ti r; ' if it were the case ; so shot at him, anc| he fell dead the fii : r ! Annawon was accused of torturing and murdering n«v^ English prisoners, "which he could not deny," therefore he was put to death in the same manner. Mr. Hubbard, though an eminent historian, was not free from the prejudices of the times. As for us, we can only lament the end of those heroes, and in no better language, than that of our eminent native poet. ** Indulge, our native land, indulge the teat That steals impassioned o'er a nation's doom ; To us each twig from Adam's stock is dear. And tears of sorrow deck an Indian's tomb.'* Dwight*8 Greenfield IIill. * This was according to the old method of dating, when the new year did not begin until the 25 March ; therefore, this must be understood 1677. Under the old supputation, the year was often written with an additional figure, from 1 Jan. to 35 March, to represent both the old and new method ; thus, at that time the above date would have been properly written 1676-7. By the inattention of authors, sometimes using the additional figure, and sometimes omitting it, many anachronisms hax'e been committed. Another methocl, which signifies the same was often used ; thus, I67j^xpre^s the game as 1676-7. But writers frequently fell into mis- takes by takin^r the wrong figure of the fraction. t This Genllcman having managed thfe affairs of Plymouth colony cluving this troublesome war, it will be proper to give some account of him at its' close. He was a son of the dis- jtinguished Edward Wiui^low whose name is the third to 148 PHILIPS WAR. Accordingly Captain Church accompanied with several gentlemen and others, went out and took that celebrated " combination," or " first foundation of the gOTemmentof New Plymouth.** In 1656, Alexander was mi»- tmsted of plotting against the English, as has been mentioned in note 1, on page 17. Mr. Win^low with 8 or 10 men sur- prised him at a hunting house where he had just arrived with about 80 men. These having left their guns without their house, were seized by Winslow, who then cotaapelled Alexander to go with him to Plymouth. This caused in him an indignant languishment, of which he died, as has been ob- served. When Philip's war commenced, Mr. Winslow wrote to the Oovernour of massachusetts as follows: "July 4, 1675. I do solemnly profess we know not any thing from us that might put Fhilip upon these motions, nor have heard that he pretends to have suffered any wrong from us, save onlj thit we had killed some Indians and intended to send for himself for the murder of John Sausaman [Sassamon.] The last that was executed this week confessed that he saw the other two do the murder. Neither had we any thoughts to com- mand him in about it." See note 1, on page 26. Again he writes, " I think I -can clearly say, that before these present troubles broke out, the English did not possess one foot of land in this colony, but what was fairly obtained by honest purchase of the Indian proprietors: Nay, because some of our people are of a covetous disposition, and the In- dians are in their straits easily prevailed with to part with their lands, we first made a law that none should purchase or receive by gift, any land of the Indians without the knoW' ledge and allowance of our court," &c. Hubbard, 66. Thus justice appears to have been aimed at by the leaders in gov- ernment, from its beginning, but does not appear to hare effectually prevented the private abuses of individuals, which was, no doubt, impossible. The remark of Mr. Ma- kin I will lay before the reader that h6 may judge how far it is correct, and whether the contrast be so great between the treatment of the Indians in Neweiigland and Pennsylvania, as to deserve what follows. (See Appendix, XIII.) <* On just and equal terms the land was gainM,* No force of arms has any right obtain'd : ^ ^ Tis here without the use of arms, alone, "^ The bless'd inhabitant enjoys his own ; Here many, to their wish, in peace enjoy Their happy lots, and nothing doth annoy. But 88*1 N'ew England's different conduct showM What dire effects from injur'd IndioM flow'd." * JH PtnMylvmnia, Makin in Proud* II, 9Sk PHILIP'S WAR. 149 of the asmiar itioned en 8ur- irrivcd ritliout apelled I in him een ob- e to the 675. I as that i that he nlv thit himself rhe la|t ihe other 5 to com- at before 3t possess obtained , because id the In- part with purchase the knov- J6. Thus ;rs in gov- r to have idividuals, f Mr. Ma- i how far it stween the :\nsylvaniai I.) divers parties of Indians. In one of which there was a certain oM mto,,whom Captain Church seemed to take particular notice of, and asking him where he belonged, he told him at Swanzey. The Captain asked his name, he replied, Conscience. Conscience, said the Captain, smiling, then the war is over ; for that was what they were searching for, it being much wanted, and returned the said Conscience to his post again at Swanzey, to a certain person [that] the said Indian desired to be sold to, and then returned home.* ' - --nwmm »■ II I I ■ ■ I I 1 1 >■ T I r -i r - - - 1 - r i ii -i i i ■ ■ ii i * Nothing very brilliant, to be sure, occurred in those expe- ditions^ if the author has given us the chief exploit of them all, and we may be satisfied that we have no more of them. Mr. Hubbard takes no notice of any actions of Church afierthe tak- ing of Annawon, which had they been very important would not have escaped his attention. He closes the war in this quarter with a few interesting exploits, the chief of which it will be proper to notice. In October one Mr. Stanton with three Indians came from Seconet and on the way beared by a captive, that there were a number of the enemy not far oft. The Indians leaving Mr. Stanton pursued and took them all. Among them was an old man not able to go their pace, and they spared his life by his promising to come after. It ap- pears that those taken, were mostly women and children, whose men were out a hunting. They soon returned, and the old man informed them of what hacl bcfel their friends, and they set out in pursuit of them, overtook them, and retook the prisoners. One friendly Indian was killed in the skir- mish, and the other two hardly escaped. One of these was called Major Symon, part Pequot and part Nariaganset. He was remarkable for his strength and courage, and at the first, offered to fight any five of the en«my hand to hanr with their hatchets, but they declined ; upon which he discharged his gun among them, and then rushed upon them with great 'ury, broke through them, ancl escaped with the other, with- out injury. Hubbard, 237, 238. . VBft FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS IN NEWENGIiAND, BETWEEN THE TEARS 1689, AND 1704 ; BEIIVG] a FUKTHER ACCOVITT of THX actions tw wgx MOSI LATS WAX8 AOAIir6T THE COMMON ENEMY AND IK- OIAV RE8ELS, IN THE EASTERN PARTS, DriTDBR THE COMMAND OF THE AFORESAID CAPTAIN BENJAMIN CHURCH. In the time of Sir Edmund Andross'* government, began that bloody war in the eastern parts of New- cngland ; so that immediately Sir Edmund sent an * Andross was sent over as Governour of the province of Newyork, in 1674, by the Duke of York. . Was appointed GovernOur of Newengland, and arrived in Boston, 30 De- cember 1684. Smith, Hist. N. Y. 6S, gives a very just idea of bis character in a very few words. " He knew no law. but the will of his master, and Kirk and Jefferies were not titter instruments than he to execute the despotick projects of James II." And that "the historians of Newengland justly transmit him to posterity, under the odious character of a sycophautick tool to the Duke, and an arbitrary tyrant over the people committed to his care." He was checked ir the midst of his oppressive measures by the abdication of King James. This bad been exp ^ted by the cok>nies, and eagerly wished for. The people of «ton on a report of the change in England, and without vrr . ngfor its confirmation, daringly began the revolution in ?' cweagland. Andross and about 60 other obnoxious person* were seized, and the old government reassumed. He w. s afterwards Governour of Virginia, and we hear but littlr more about him. He died in London, Feb. 24, 1713. Holmes, I, 475. ^His life ismow particularly given by Eliot, but larger and better by Allen. FRENCH ANP INDIAN WARS. 151 express for Captain Church, who then being at Little- compton, received it on a Lord's day, in the after- noon meeting. Going home after meeting, [he] took his horse and set out for Boston, as ordered ; and by sunrise next morning, got to Braintree,^ where he met with Colonel Page on horseback, going to Wey- mouth and Hingham to raise forces to go east. [He]^ said [that] he was glad to see him, and that his ex- cellency would be as glad to see him in Boston so early. So parting he soon got to Boston, and wait «i upon his excellency, who informed him of an unhap- py war, broken out in the eastern parts ; and said, [that] he was going himself in person, and that he wanted his company with him. But Captain Church not finding himself in the same spirit he used to have, said, [that] he hoped his excellency would give him time to consider of it. He told him he mi^ht ; and also said that he must come and dine with him. Captain Church having many acquaintance in Boston, who made it their business, some to encourage, and others to discourage him from going with his excel- lency. So after dinner his excellency took him into his room, and discoursed freely ; saying, that he hav- ing knowledge of his former actions and successes, and that he must go with him, and be his second, with other encouragements. But in short, the said Captain Church did not accept, so was dismissed and went home.f 1 [who] * Formerly mount WoUaston. Its Indian name was Wes- sagusset. It is about 10 miles from Boston, and is renowned as the birth place of John Adams, second President of the U. States, whose life and death add so mudii venerition to the auspicious Fourth OF July. \^, Though the residence of the President ^'nearly 4 miles from what was mount Wollaston, and in the present town of Quincy, yet it is believed, that it was anciently included in it. • V t Notwithstanding, Andross undertook an eastern expedi- tion at the head of 7 or 800 men, and the enemy £[e4 before 152 FRENCH AND INDIAN WAK%. Soon afler this was the revolution,* and the other government reassumed, and then Gov'. mour Brad- streetf sent for Captain Church to come to Boston, as soon as his business would permit ; whereupon he went to Boston and waited upon his honour, who told .him ^that] he was requested by the come i I to send for him, to see if he could be prevailed with to raise — '■' " P" — *" I ■ I ■■ ■■ I— ^i— W^ ■! ■ ■ » ■ ■! Ill ■ II ■ ■ ■- ■■■' " ■' - i I I .^ him. " But, by establif hing garrisons, by detaching nume- rous parties, to attack their settlements, and destroy their scanty provisions, he reduced them to the greatest distress, and secured the country from their incursions." Holmes, I, 474. But he did as much mischief, or perhaps more than h^ did good. He plundered Castine's house, a Frenchman, who had great influence among the Indians, which caused him to stir them up anew. Belknap, I, 196. * The change of government at home being mentione4 in a preceding note it will be necessary here to take notice on< ly of its origin. King James II., in his efforts to establish jjopery, overthrew himself. He published certain declara- tions, with injunctions upon the clergy to read them to the people after service, which they refused. The Bishops in an address to the King, remonstrated that they could not read his declarations consistent with their consciences ; and they were immediately prosecuted for a seditious libel. The • people took great interest in their trial, and when they were acquitted the rejoicing was almost universal. At this very juncture, while the people were enraged against the King, William, Prince of Orange, who had married Mary, eldest daughter of King James, landed in England with an im- mense army from Holland, and were proclaimed without opposition. The old King with much difficulty effected his escape to France. Goldsmith's Hist. England. t Simon Bradstreet was born in Lincolnshire, England, in March 1603, and lived to be the oldest man in Newengland. After marrying a daughter of Thomas Dudley, he was per- suaded to make a settlement in Massachusetts. In 1630 he was chosen assistant of the colony, and arrived at Salem the same year. He was in several important offices, and at length succeeded Governour Leverett in the chief magi» tracy of Massachusetts, in which office he contifiued until the arrival of Andross, when hi3 was superseded ; but Andross, in 1689, being put down, Mr. Bradstreet again assumed the government, and continued in it until the arrival of Sir William Phips, in 1693. He died in Salem, March 1697, aged 94 years. Allen, and Eliot. rage I t 468, I686J Buti] neraf baptil desir[ + no ml French and indian wars. 153 volunteers, both English and Indians to go east ; for the eastward Indians had done gceat spoil upon the English in those parts ; giving him an account of the miseries and sufTerings of the people there. Captain Church's spirits being affected, said, if he could tlo any service for his honour, the country, and their re-* lief, ho was ready and willing. He was asked how ho would act 9 He said [that] he would take with him as many of his old soldiers as he could get, both English and Indians, &g. The gentlemen of Boston requested him to ga to Rhodeisland government to ask their assistance. So giving him their letter, and about forty shillings in money, he took leave and went home to Bristol* on a Saturday ; and the next y .day morning he went over to Rhodeisland, ana Waited upon their Governour,t delivering the lette as ordered, [and] prayed his honour for a speedy an swer, who said, ihey could not give an answer pre sently ; so he Waited on them till he had their answev And when he had obtained it, he carried it to the^ Boston gentlemen, who desired him to raise what vo- lunteers he could in Plymouth colony, and Rhode- island government, and what was wanting they would make up out of theirs that were already out in the eastern parts. The summer being far spent. Captain Church made what despatch he could, and raised about two hun- dred and fifty men, volunteers, and received his com- mission from Governour HinkleyJ which is as fol- io we th, viz. : * He settled at Bristol soon after Philip's war. See his life page XV. t We may infer from Judge Sewall's diary, in Holmes, Ij 468, that one Clark was the Governour of Rhodeisland in 1686, on the arrival of Andross, who of coursewas displaced. But in May of this year, 1689, it was resumed, and all the ge- neral officers replaced. Ibid. 476. I have not even learned his baptismal name. A good history of Rhodeisland is a very desirable work. X Thomas Hinkley was born. about the year 1632. I find no mention of him, until he assumed the government) or 154 FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. ** The CauncU of War of their Mqjeattea^ coUmy of JSfew Plymauih in J^ewengland : To Mqjor jBen jamin Church, Commander in Chirf. Whereas the Kennebeck and eastern Indians with their confederates, have openly made war upon their Majesties' subjects of the province of Maine, New- hampshire, and of the Massachusetts colony, having committed many barbarous murders, spoils and ra- pines upon their persons and estates. And whereas there are some forces of soldiers, English and In- dians, now raised and detached out of the several regiment9 and places within this colony of New Plymouth, to )go forth to the assistance of our neigh- bours and friends, of the aforesaid provinces and 'Colony of the Massachusetts, subjects of one akid the same crown ; and to join with their forces for the repelling and destruction of the common enemy. And whereas you Benjamin Church, are appointed to be Major, and commander in chief of all the for- ces, English and Indians, detached within this colony for the service of their Majesties aforesaid. THESE are in' their Majesties' name to authorize and require yoa to take into your care and conduct all the said forces, English and Indians, and diligently to attend that service, by leading and exercising of your infc- riour officers and soldiers, commanding them to obey you as their chief commander; and to pursue, fight, take, kill, or destroy the said enemies, their aiders and abettors, by all the ways and means you can, ns yovi shall have opportunity. And you are to observe and obey all such orders and instructions as from time to tiihe you jjJiall receive from the commission- ers of the colonies, the council of war of this colony, or the Governour and council of the Massachusetts rather the presidency of Plymouth colony after the. fall of Andross, the Caligula of Newengland.^n 1689. Hecontinu* ed in this office until 1693, when Sir William Phips arrived He died at Barnstable, in 1706, aged about 74 years. Mof' ton, 308. Hutchinson, II, 141. FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 155 wyof " Ben Q8 with »n their , New- having and ra- irhereas amd In- several of New r neigh- 3es and one akid B for the enemy, ppointcd I the for- s colony THESE d require I the said to attend ^our infc- m to obey 3ue, fig^^ sir aiders )U can, as to observe as froirt mmission- lis colon}'} isachusetts colony. In testimony whereof the publick seal of the said colony of New Plymouth is hereunto affixed. Dated in Pljrmouth, the sixth day of September^ Anno Domini, 1689. Annoque Regni Regia et Regi- na WiUielmi et Maria Anglia, fyc, Primo.* THOMAS HINKLEY, PreaidetU:* And now marching them all down to Boston, then received his further orders and instructions, which arc as followcth. ^^Bostouj Septeniber 16fA, 1689. To aU Sheriffs, Marshals, Constables, and other officers, military and civil, in their Majesties' pro' vince of Maine, Whereas pursuant to an agreement of the com- missioners of the United Colonies, Major Benjamin Church is commissionated .commander in chief over that part of their Majesties' forces, (levied for the present expedition against the common enemy) whose head quarters are appointed to be at Falmouth, in Casco bay. In their Majesties' names, you, and every of you, are required to be aiding and assisting to the said Major Church in his pursuit of the ene- my, as any emergency shall require ; and so impress boats or other vessels, carts, carriages, horses, oxen, provision and ammunition, and men for guides, Slc, as you shall receive warrants from the said Com- mander in chief, or his Jjieutenant so to do. You may not fail to do the same speedily and effectually, as you will answer your neglect and contempt of I their Majesties' authority and service at your utter- [most peril. Given under my hand and seal the day * That is. ^ndofthe reign of the King and Queen, WUf \Uam and Mary of England, Sfc., the Jirat, 150 FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. and rear above written. Annoque Regni Regit d BeglruB WiUimA et Maria Primo. By THOMAS DANFORTH,* President qf the province of Maine,^ " By the Oovemour and CouncU qf Maeeachueetta : To Mcijor Beif^amin Church. Whereas you are appointed and commissioned by the council of war, of the colony of New-Ply- inouth, commander in chief of the forces raised with- in the said colony, against the common Indian ene- my, now ordered into the eastern parts to join with some of the forces of this' colony ; for the prosecu- tion, repelling and subduing of the said enemy. It .s therefore ordered that Captain Simon Willard, and Captain Nathaniel Hall, with the two companies of soldiers under their several commands, blonging to this colony, now in or about Casco bay, be, and are hereby put under you, as their commander in chief for this present oxpeditioii. And of the com missions severally given to either of them, they are ordered to observe and obey your orders and direc- tions as their commander in chief until further order from the Governour and council, or the commission- ers of the colonies. Dated in Boston the 17th day of September, Awno Domini^ 1 698. Annoque Regni * This gentleman was born in England 1633. He was a man of intluence, which he employea to good account in the difficult days of Newengland. In 1679 he was elected depu- ty Governour, and the same year, the inhabitants of the province of Maine chose him their President. On the arri- val of the tyrant, An dross, he was suspended from office. He died in 1699, a^^ed 77 years. Nothing mor^ honourable, perhaps, can be said of him, considering tne age ini^ich he lived, than, that he opposed with firmness the prpc IMHAN WAHS. Pljrmouth forces, both English and Indians under your command, be fixed, and ready, and the first op- portunity of wind and weather, to^go on board such vessels as are provided to transport you and them to Casco, where, if it shall please God you arrive, you are to take under your care and command, the companies of Captain Nathaniel Hall, and Captain Simon Willard, who are ordered to attend your com- mand, whom, together with the Plymouth forces, and such as from time to time may be added unto you, you Sffe to improve in such way as you shall see meet, for the discovering, pursuing, subduing and destroying the said common enemy, by all op- poitunities you are capable of; always intending t$e preserving of any of the near towiis from incursioi^s, and destruction of the enemy ; yet chie/iy improving your men for the finding and following the said enemy abroad, and if possible to find oi^t and attack their head quarters and principal rendezvous, if you find you are in a rational capacity for so doing. The better to enable you thereto, we have ordered two men of war sloops, and other small vessels for transportation to attend you for some considerable time. You are to see that your soldiers' arms be always fixed and that they be furnished with ammu- nition, provisions and other necessaries, that so they may be in readiness to repel and attack the enemy. In your pursuit you are to take special care to avoid danger by ambushments, or being drawn under any disadvantage by the enemy in your marches, keep- ing out scouts and a forlorn hope before your main body, and by all possible means endeavouring to surprise some of the enemy, that so you may gain intelligence. You are to suppress all mutinies and disorders among your soldiers, as much as in you lies, and to punish such as disobey your officers, ac- cording to the rules of war herewith given you. You are according to your opportunity, or any occasion more than ordinary occurring, to hold cof FRENCH AND INDUN WARS. 159 respondence with Major Swaine, and to yield mutual assistance when, and as you are capabl

.l«^' side of [him.]^ [They]" ^«ve the said Church an account, that yesterday th;^rf was a very great army of Indians, and French with them upon the island,* at the going out of the harbour, and that they were come on purpose to take Casco fort and town ;f like- wise informed him that they had got a captive wo- man aboard, (Major Walden's J daughter, of Piscata- 1 [them.] 2 [who] * There are about 300 islands in Casco bay. What the name of this was I have not learned. t Is this the " body of 600 Indians," mentioned bv Bel- knap, N. H. I, 267, that were going to attack Casco? I do not find any thing like it in the place it should be. He cites " Church's memoirs, 104," perhaps he used the first edition of this history, as no mention of any thing of the kind is seen in the second. In touching upon the operations under Church in 1704, he says, " while they verc at Mountdcsert Church learned from 9 of his prisoners" of the body of Indians just named. It will be seen in the Fifth Expedition, that iLa- faure's son informed Church at Montinicus, of some French and Indians " that were to go westward to fight the Eng- lish," but nothing of the kind took place at Mountdesert, nor any information from " 9 prisoners," or that the expedi- tion was to attack Casco. J Waldron is now the correct way of writing this name Hubbard wrote it as our author does, but more frequently with an r after the e. Some other historians put the r before thc'^, so we are at a loss how the name was originally spelt. Major Richard Waldron was a native of Somersetshire, England, and was one of the first settlers at Cochecho, now Dover, Newhampshire. The tragical death of this noted man is given by Dr. Belknap, Hist. N. H. I, 197, 198 f but as that excellent work is not in the hands of many, it may be proper to give the particulars in this place. At the close of rhilip's war, many of the western Indians fled to th6 east- ward. Some of tnem, with others of Pennacbok and Pig- wocket, had assembled at Major Waldron'd with whom they had lately treated. Captains Syll and Hawthorne, being despatched by the Massachusetts' government agaiQgt tTO, Indians on the Kennebeck, arrived there with th^D^hiXv under orders to seize all Indians that had been concentictjii^'^ the war. They were about to execute their orders by 8ei#^ ing these Indians, but Maj[. Waldron formed the design of taking them in a sham training, which he had invited them 169 FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. qua) that could give him a full account of their numbers and intentions.' He bid them give his ser- to join in. Accordingly all were taken, in number about 40(X. Those that were not K>und to have been in the former war were dismissed, and the rest were sent to Boston. About 8 or 10 were hanged as murderers, and the rest sold into slave- ry. This was the latter part of 1676. Now IS years had expired, but revenue remained in the breasts of those tribes whose friends had been so cruelly treated. They therefore formed the design to destroy all the garrisons at Cochecho, which was thus artfully concerted. Two squaws were to get permission to lodge in each, and after all was still in the dead of night, they were to open the doors for their iViends. No fear was discovered among the English, and the squaws were admitted. One of tnose admitted into Waldron's garrison, reflecting, perhaps, on the ingratitude .she was about to be guilty of, thought to warn the Majo^ of his danger. She pretended to be ill, and as she lie on ihc floor would turn herself from side to side, as though to ease herself of pain tLat she pretended to have. While in this e]percise she began to sing and repeat the following verse. « O Major Waldo, • You great Sagamore, ■ I O what will you do, Indians at your door !" No alarm was taken at this, and the doors were opened According to their plan, and the enemy rushed in with great fury. They found the Major's room as he leaped out of bed, but with his sword he drove them through two or three rooms, and as he turned to get some other arms, he fell stun- ned by a blow with the hatchet. They dragged him into his hail and seated him on a table in a great chair, and then began to cut his flesh in a shocking manner. Some in turns gashed his naked breast, saying, '^ I cross out my account." Then cutting a joint from a finger, would say, " Will your list weigh a pound now?"* His nose and ears were then cut off and forced into his mouth. He soon fainted, and fell from his seat, and one held his own sword under him, which pas* sed through his body, and he expired. The family were forced to provide them a supper while they were murdering the * It ii a tradition concerning Major Waldron, that he used in traifio{ with the Indians, to count his fist as weighing a pound, also that bisM- counts were false and not crossed out according to agceement. But U justice to the Major, it should be remembered, thai straiige Indians, «b* thought themseWce injured by ono Englishman, would take rertnge on or three e fell sttto- l him into •, and then He in turns r account." Will your sre then cut nd fell fwm , which pasf family were J murdering the ised intradiBl so ihat bii«e- pment. But* re Indiana «£ vice to their captain, and tell him, [that] he would wait upon him after he had been on shore and given 8ome orders and directions. Being come pretty near, he ordered all the men still to keep close ; giving an account of the news [which] he had re- ceived, and then went ashore; where were seve- ral of the chief men of the town, who met him, be- inff glad that he came so happily to their relief; told him the news [that] Mrs. Lee^ had given them, being the woman aforesaid. He [went]^ to Captain Davis, f to get some refresh- ment, having not e&teii a morsel since he came by Bdsion castle. And now having inquired into the state of the town, found them in a poor condition to defend themselves against such a number of enemies. He gave them an account of his orders and instruc- tions, and told them what forces he had brought, and ^ [going] the Major. This was on Thursday 27 June, 1689. Major Waldron was 80 years old when killed. Fifty two persons were killed, and taken captive, of the former were 33. MS. Recollections. * Daughter of Major Waldron, as mentioned above. She was taken the same time her father was killed, as related in the last note. Her husband's name was Abraham Lee, who was killed when the garrison was taken. t Captain Sylvanus Davis, the same mentioned in the pre- ceding instructions. By Hutchinson, II, 21, it appears that he was once taken prisoner and carried to Gana ken within the English claim. Andross, in his expedition before named, plundered Castine's house of every thing valu- able in his absence. This base act so exasperated him, that he used his exertions to inflame the Indians against the Eng- lish, which he effectually did, and their chief supplies of arms and ammunition were furnished by him. He had an estate in France, to which he retired when the French lost their possessions in that part of the country. See Sullivan's Hist. 93, 158, 336. Hist. N. H. I, 19.5, 196. If we name this war from those that occasioned .it, we may call it Gas- tine's war. But the French, perhaps, would call it ADdrov* war. FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 166 them, but did not know whether Casteen was there or not. He then having got what intelligence she could give him, went ashore and viewed the fort and town ; discoursing with the gentlemen there accord- ing to his instructions. And when it began to grow dark, he ordered the vessels to come as near the fort as might be, and land the soldiers with as little noise as possible ; ordering them as they landed to go into the fort and houses, that stood near, that so they might be ready upon occasion. Having ordered provisions for them, [he] went to every company and ordering them to get every thing ready ; ihey that bad no powderhorns or shotbags, should immediately make them ; ordering the officers to take special care that they were ready to march into the woods an hour before day ; and also directing the watch to call him two hours be- fore day. So he hastened to bed to get some rest. At the time prefixed he was called and presently ordering the companies to mak^ ready, and about half an hour before day they moved. Several of the town's people went with them into a thick place of brush about half a mile from the town. Now order- ing them to send out their scouts as they used to do, and seeing them all settled at their work, he went in- to town by sunrise again, and desired the inhabitants to take care of themselves, till his men had fitted themselves with some necessaries ; for his Indians, most of them, wanted both bags and horns. So he ordered them to make bags like Wallets, to put pow- der in one end, and shot in the oilier. So most of them were ready for action, viz., the Seconet Indians, but the Cape Indians were very bare, lying so long at Boston before tliey embarkedr. that they had sold every thing [that] they could make a penny of; some tying shot and powder in the cor- ners ot their blankets. He being in town, just gomg to breakfast, there was an alarm ; so he ordered all tlie soldiers in town to 166 FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. move away as fast as they could, where the firinc was. And he, with what men more were with him c» hi8 soldiers, moved immediately. [They metp with Captain Bracket's^ sons, who told [them that,p their father was taken ; and that they saw a great army c *" Indians in their father's orchard, &,c. By this time our Indians that wanted bags and horns were fitted, but wanted more ammunition. Presently came a messenger to him from the town, and informed him, that they had knocked out the heads of several casks of bullets, and they were all too big, being musket bullets, and would not fit their guns, and that if he did not go back himself, a great part of the array j would be kept back from service for want of suitable bullets. He ran back and ordered every vessel to send ashore all their casks of bullets; being brought, [they] knocked out their heads, and turned them all out upon the green by the fort, and set all the peo- ple in the town, that were able, to make slugs ; being 1 [and meeting] i [hini] "*. Captain Anthony Bracket, an /early settler on Casco bay, where his posteritj yet remain. Notice is taken by Sullivan, 116, that tne family were considerable landholders in Fal- mouth, between the years 1680, and 1690, under a title of the government, signed by president Danforth. lb. 196, 197. When Casco was destroyed in 1676, Captain Bracket with his wife and one child was taken by the savages. This was on the 1 1 August, and the November following they made their escape. Those that had them prisoners, landed. them on the north shore of the bay, and here their keepers had in- telligence of a valuable house, taken by another party, the spoils of which they were eager to share ; therefore, leaving Bracket, his wife and child, and a negro, with some provi- sions, who promised that they would come after, and depart- ed. They found an old birch canoe, in which they escaped ♦,o the other side of the bay, where, only the day before the eneipy had left. Here they got on board a vessel bound to Pascataqua, where they arrived safe. Hubbard, 293 to 296. What time Bracket returned to his lands does not appear. When Andross erected forts there in 1688, Captain Brack* ft was put in command of th. ture consideration, the loss of trade and fishery; the war brought to the doors. What a triumph it will be to the enemy ; derision to our neighbours, beside dishonour to God and our nation, and grounds of frown from our Prince; the frustration of thosC) whose eyes are upon you for help, who might have otherwise applied themselves to their King. Gentle- men, this I thought humbly to propose unto you, that I might discharge myself in my trust from yourselves, and promise to the inhabitants of the province, but especially my duty to God, her Majesty, and my na- ^on, praying for your honours prosperity, subscribe. Your servant, BENJAMIN CHURCH. A true copy given in at Boston^ this 6th qf February^ 1689,* at the Council Board, Attest. T. S."t Major Church said, moreover, that in thus doing he had complied with his promise to those poor peo- ple of Casco, and should be quit from the giv'.lt of their blood. The Governour was pleased to Ufink him for his care and pains taken, then ;akin^ h:» leave of them went home, and left Captain Scotto* way in a very sorrowful condition, who i^turned home sometime after with only a copy oi what WPS left on the board by the said Church. Major Church not hearing any thing till May following, and then was informed, that those poor people of Casco weie cut off by the barbarous enemy ;J and although they « It should be 1690, or 1689-90. See note 1, on page 147. t For whose name these initials stand I have not sattsfftC- torily ascertained. I In May, 1690. Some fovces had just left Casco, and joined Sir Wm. Phips to eo against Portroyal, when an army of four hundred, or more, French and Indians were discorer- ed about the place. " There was a fort near the water, and ^ 176 FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. made dieir terms with Monsieur Casteen, who was commander of those enemies, yet he suffered those merciless savages to massacre and destroy the most of them. To conclude this first expedition East, I shall just give you a hint how Major Church was treated, al- though he was commander in chief of all the forces out of Plymouth and Boston government. After he came home, Plymouth gentlemen paid him hut forty- twopounds, telling him, he must go to Boston gen- tlemen for the rest, who were his employers as well as they. Of whom he never had one penny, for all travel and expenses in raising volunteers, and ser- vices done ; except forty shillings or thereabout, for going from Boston to Rhodeisland on their busi- ness, and back to Boston again ; also for sending a man to Providence for Captain Edmunds,* who raised a company in those parts, and went east with them. another on the hill, near where the burying ground is, and another on the rocky ground, south from the place where the first meeting house stands," in what was the town of Fal- mouth. That near the burying ground was abandoned as untenable, and both of the others after some time were car- ried by assault. One hundred persons how fell into the hands of the enemy. The French commander promised the garrisons safety to their persons, and liberty to go to the next English town, but he kept his promise no former than while he was in possession. The whole country hereabout was laid desolate, and presented a most dreadful scene of ruin, The ground was strewed with the bones of the dead, which Church, on his arrival afterward, gathered up and buried. Hist. Maine, 30S. Magnalia, II, 534. * The same who is mentioned in Philip's war, 53. I learn nothing of his eastern expedition. ^^■ tm- V- .•; ' i ^v.\ FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. THE SECOND EXPEDITION EA»T»» f77 In the year 1690 was the expedition* to Cana- 3a,f and Major Walley { often requested Major Church * Canada had long been considered the source of all tho evils endured by the colonies. Hence the long train of wars at the expense of so much blood and treasure to " drive tho French out of Canada." Sir William Phips was the chief mov^r and executor of this expedition. His fleet, retarded by unavoidable accidents, did not arrive before Quebeck un- til (he 5 October. The next morning, he sent a summons on shore, but received an insolent answer from the Govern- our. The next day, he attempted to land his troops, but was prevented by the violence of the wind. On the 8, all tht? effective men (12 or ISOO) landed on the island of Orlean«, 4 miles below the town, and were fired on, from the wood«^, by the French and Indians. Having remained on shore un- til the 11, and then learning by a deserter, the strength of the place, they embarked with precipitation. In their way to Boston, the fleet was dispersed in a tempest. Some of the vessels were blown off" to the W' ^ Indies, one was lost on an island near the mouth of the St. Lawrence,, and two or three were never heard of. Holmes> I,, 478, 479. No provisions at home had been made to pay the forces, relying on plun- der ; bills of credit, therefore, were resorted to, which were the first ever used in this country. Hutchinson. I, 356, 357. t The derivation of the word Canada, being so curious it was thought that it would be pardonable to givt* it a place in, this work. Mr. Bozrnan, in his excellent '' Introduction to a History of Maryland," 34, says that it is a traditional re- port, that previous to the visiting of Newfoundland by Car- tier, in 1534, some Spaniards visited that coast in search of gold, but its appearance discouraged them, and they quitted it in haste crying out as they wont on board their vessel, " ^^ca nada, Aca nada," that is, in English, " There is noth- ing here." The Indians retained these words in their memo- ries, and afterward, when the French came to the country? (hey were saluted with the same words, and mistook thein Cor the name of the country. And in time the first letter was lost, hence the name Canada. {Something amounting to nearly the same thing may be seen in Mather's Magnalia, II, 522. X John Walley, who had the command of the land forces, under Sir Willian Phips, against Canada. An entire jour-, nal, kept by Walley, of that expedition, is preserved in- 178 FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. that if he would not go himself in that expedition, that he would not hinder others. He answered the said Walley, that he should hinder none but his old soldiers, that used to go along with him, (Slc. The said Church going down to Charlestown, to take his leave of some of his relations and friends, who were going into that expedition, promised his wife and family not to go into Boston, the small pox* being very rife there. Coming to Charlestown, seve- ral of his friends in Boston came over to see him. And ihe next day after the said Church came there, MnjtY Walley came to him, and informed him that the V overnour and council wanted to speak witli liirr t He answered him, that he had promised his wife and family not to go into Boston ; saying, (tbatj if they had any business^ they could write to im, and that he would send them his answer. Soon after came over two other gentlemen with a message, that the Governour and council wanted to have some discourse with him. The answer return- ed, was, that he intended to lodge that night at the ton, tt the golden ball, Elm street. the Ii sion •St{ mandel Wall, daugh^ ehildrc ^i»ecte< [Newhj jthogral |it witi fhas it lermini ^'i'he sti FRENCH AND INDIAN AVARS 179 edition, red the his old » ;own, to friends, ised his lall pox* vUf seve- tee him. le there, him that sak with [liscd his ; snying, { write to fer. en with a vanted to ■r return- Tht at the morning, d of Bos- r he came ne in Boston e History ol irst of April, * Dorchester of a fever." , it was very mow's Histo- ioned intw aown m thither, received a letter from the honourable Cap- tain Sewall,* to request him to come to the council. The answer [that] he returned by the bearer was,. ttiat he thought there was no need of his hazarding himself so much as to come and speak with them ; not that he was afraid of his life, but because he had no mind to be concerned ; and further by reason [that] they would not hearken to him about the poor people of Casco. But immediately came Mr. Max- fieldf to him, saying, that the council bid him tell the said Church, that if he would take his horse and ride along the middle of the street, there might be no danger. They we're then sitting in council. lie bid [him]^ go and tell his masters not to trouble themselves whether he came upon his head or his leet, he was coming. However, thinking the re- turn was something rude, called him back to drink a glass of wine, and then he would go with him. So coming to the council, they were very thank ful to him for his coming, and told him, that the oc- casion of their sending for him was, that there was a captive come in, who gave them an account, that tiic Indians were come down, and had taken posses- sion of the stone fort at Pejepscot,J so that they 1 [them] * Stephen Sewall, I conclude this must be, who was com- mander of the fort at Salem. He was a brother of Judge Se- wall, and sustained several important offices. He married a daughter of the Rev. Mr. Mitchel of Cambridge, who had 17 children. He died about the 21 October, 1735, greatly re- ;S))ccted and lamented. Eliot, N. E. liiog. 420, 1 1 learn nothing of this persoc. The name is common in [Newhampshire. - * X A fall of water in the Androscoggin. What the true or- jthography of this word is, is unknown to roe. Sullivan ends [it with a double t, and again alters to Pegypscott. Mather |has it Pechypscot. Some authors write u instead of o in the termination. Thus the different ways are brought under the view of the reader, that he may employ which he chooses. The stone fort was near the falls on the north siUe of the ri*. 180 FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. , wanted his advice and thoughts about the matter ; whether they would tarry and keep in the fort or not 9 and whether it were not expedient to send some forces to do some spoil upon them 9 and fur- ther to know whether he could not be prevailed with to raise some volunteers, and go, to do some spoil upon them ? He answered them, [that] he was unwilling to be concerned any more ; it bemg very difficult and chargeable to raise volunteers, as he found by experience in the last expedition. But they using many arguments prevailed so far with him, that if the government of Plymouth saw cause to send him, he would go; thinking the expe- ditioli would be short. [He then] took his leave of them and went home. I In a short time after, there came an express from Governour Hinkley, to request Major Church to come to Barnstable to him, he having received a letter from the government of Boston to raise some fbrces to go east. Whereupon the said Major Church went the next day to Barnstable, as ordered. Finding the Governour and some of the council of war there,' [who] discoursed [with] him ; [conclud- ed]^ that he should take his Indian soldiers, and two English Captains, with what volunteers could be raised ; and that one Captain should go out of Ply- mouth and Barnstable counties, and the other out of Bristol county, with what forces he could raise; concluding to have but few officers, to save charge. The said Church was at great charge and expense in raising of forces. Governour Hinkley promised that he would take care to provide vessels to tran- sport the said army, with ammunition and provisions, by the time prefixed by himself; for the govern- ment of Boston had obliged themselves by their let- 1 [concluding] ver, and wj^ taken in the spring of this year, (1690) after thf English had left it, (probably.) It was 4 miles from the wa ters of Casco bay. buUivan, 178, 9. FRKNCH AND INDIAN WARS. 181 ter, to provide any thing that was wanting. So at the time prefixed, Major Church marched down all his soldiers out of Bristol county to Plymouth, as or- dered. And being come, found it not as he expect- ed ; for there were neither provisions, ammunition, or transports. SO he immediately sent an express to the Governour, who was at Barnstable, to give him an account that he with the men were come to Plymouth, and found nothing ready. In his return to the said Church, [he] gave him an account of his disappointments, and sent John Lathrop* of Barnsta- ble in a vessel, with some ammunition and provi- sion on boD.rd, to him at Plymouth ; also sent him word that there were more on board of Samuel Al- lingf of Barnstable, who was to go for a transport, and that he himself would be at Plymouth next day. But Ailing never came near him, but went to Bil- lingsgate,! ^^ Cape Cod, as he was informed. The Governour being come, said to Major Church, that he must take some of the open sloops, and make spar decks to them, and lay platforms for the soldiers to lie upon, which delays were very expensive to the said Church ; his soldiers being all volunteers, daily expected to be treated by him, and the Indians al- ways begging for money to get drink. But he using his utmost diligence, made what despatch he could to be gone. Being ready to embark, received his * Probably, the ancestor of some eminent men of later times in Massachusetts. He perhaps was the son of John Lathrop, who fled from England in the days of persecution, and afterward settled in Barnstable. The first John died in 1653. t It is thought that Ihis name should have been written Alien. No pains have been taken to ascertain any thing concerning this person, but if what Dr. Mather says be cor- rect, he is a descendant of one Thomas Allen, who casne to this country in 1638, and was afterward a minister in Charlestown. Eliot, 20. t In the town of Easth^m. 182 FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. commission, and instructions from Govemour Hink- ley, which are as follows. [The commission beinc the same as that for the first exprAU tion is here omitted. It was dated 3 September, li}90. The instructions, also, differing only in a few unimpor- tant matters, are omitted to give place to more interest- ing information. It may be proper to notice the chief dif- ferences. No men of war vessels attended, nor was Church directed to confer with any persons except bis officers. The eight poundi per head wet and above is itot mentioned, and are siened only by Oovernour Hinkley. Date, the same as that of the conunission.] Now having a fair wind, Major Church soon got to Piscataqua.* [He]^ was to >apply himself to Ma- J'or Pike,f a worthy gentleman, who said, [that] he lad advice of his coming from Boston gentlemen ; also, [that} he had received directions, that what men the said Church should want, must be raised out of Hampshire, out of the several towns and garrisons. Major Pike asked him, how many men he should want 7 He said, erough to make up his forces that he brought with him, three hundred, at least, and not more than three hundred and fifty. And so in about nine days time, he was supplied with two com- panies of soldiers. He having oeen at about twenty shittinga a day charge in expenses while there. Now 1 [who] - ^ ■ _ * The country at the mouth of Pascataqua river went un- der the general name of Pascataqua, but since, the river onlj, is known i>y that name. The word was formerly, and some- times latterly, spelt as in the text, but an a should take the place oft. i- t Major Robert Pike was a person of distinction. He was among the first 38 counsellors appointed by charter, for the province of Massachusetts bay, wno were to hold their offices until Mav 169S. or until others should be chosen in their stead, lie might be the ancestor of the distinguished Nicho- las Pike of Somersworth, to whom we are much indebted for the best system of Arithmetick that has appeared. An ac- count might perhaps be found of the family in Newhainp* •biro, (br which I have not had an opportunity. /" FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 183 he received Major Pike's instructions, which are as followeth. " Partamouth, in JVewhampahire, Sept, 9, 1690. To Mtgor Benjamin Church, Commander in Chirf qf their Majesties* forces, now designed upon the present expedition eastward, and now resident at Portsmouth, The Governour and council of the Massachusetts colony reposing great trust and confider ^ in your loyalty and valour, from experience of } former actions, and of God's presence with you in ihe same; in pursuance of an order, received from them com- manding it; these are in their Majesties' names to empower and require you, as commander in chief, to take into your care and conduct these forces now here present at their rendezvous at Portsmouth; and they are alike required to obey you ; and with them to sail eastward by the first opportunity to Casco, or f>laces adjacent, that may be most commodious for anding with safety and secrecy; and to visit the French and Indians at their headquarters at Ameras- cogen, Pejepscot, or any other place, according as •you may have hope or intelligence of the residence of the enemy ; using always your utmost endeavour for the preservation of your own men, and the kill- ing, destroying, and utterly rooting out of the enemy, wheresoever they may be found ; and also, as mucjli as may possibly be done, for the redeeming or re- covering of our captives in any places. You being there arrived, and understanding your way, to take your journey back again, either by land or water, as you shall judge most convenient for the accomplishing of the end intended ; and to give in- telligence always of your motions, whensoever you can with safety and convenience. Lastly. In all to consult your council, the com- manders or commission officers of your several com- IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) // 1.0 1.1 11.25 ■^ ^ 12.2 1.4 -► ,'■'•1 Hiotographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 873-4503 V iV \\ [V ». o- ^ '^f^ o^ ^ ■^' 184 FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. panics, when it may be obtained, the greater part of whom to determine. And so the Lord of hosts, the God of armies, go along with you, and be your con- duct. Given under my hand; the day and year above said, Per ROBERT PIKE." Being ready, they took the first opportunity, and made the best of their way to Pejepscot fort, where they found nothing. From thence they marched to Amerascogen,* and when they came near the fort, Major Church made a halt, ordering the Captains to draw out of their several companies sixty of their meanest men, to be a guard to the Doctor, and knap- sacks, being not a mile from said fort. And then moving towards the fort, they saw young Doney f and his wife, with two English captives. The said Doney made his escape to the fort, his wife was shot down, and so the two poor captives were releassed out of their bondage. , The said Major Church and Captain Walton J made • This river has its rise in Newhampshire and flowing east- ward enters Maine in about 44 d. SOmin. N. Mather, says this place where they had now arrived at, was 40 miles up the river. Mag. 528. Perhaps few words have been writ- ten more dififerent ways, than this. The authors of the Newhampshire Gazetteer prefer that as in the text, ex- cept, that they double the g* and change the last e into i, But people in general, that live on said river, adopt the better method of Androscoggin. t He was an Indian, and all we know of him is found in this history ; except he be the one seized at Wells, mentioned by Mather, II, 545, and. whose name is signed Robin Doney to the articles of peace at Pemmaquid in 1693. lb. 543. J Col. Shadrach Walton of Somersworth N. H. A brave and valuable officer. In the long wars that followed^ he rendered important services. To recount his actions would be to write a narrative, much beyond the limits of a note. More particulars of him may be found in PenhiJlow's history, in I Newhampshire Hist. See. Collections, than in anjr otn- er WQrk extant. He was with Col. March, in 1707, in an unsuccessful attempt on Portroyal. Here he fought a bod; FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. tB5 no stop, making the best of their way to the fort, with some of ^he army, in hopes of getting to the fort before young Doney>; but the river througli which they must pass, being as deep as their arm- pits. However Major Church as soon as he was got over, stripped to his shirt and jacket, leaving his breeches behind, ran directly to the fort, having an eye to see if young Doney (who ran on the other side of the river,) should get there before him. The wind now blowing very hard in their faces, as they ran, was some help to them ; for several of our men fired guns, which they in the fort did not hear, so that we had taken all in the fort, had it not been for young Doney, who got to the fort just before we did. directly down to the great The said Church and his forces being come pretty near, he ordered the said Walton to run directly with some forces into the fort, and himself with the rest, ran down to the river, after the enemy, who ran some I of them into the river, and the rest under the great falls. Those who ran into the river were killed ; for he saw but one man get over, and he only crept up the bank, (.nd there lay in open sight. And those [that ran under the falls, they made no discovery of, jnotwithstanding several of his men went in under the said falls, and were gone some considerable tifne, [but] could not find them. So leaving a watch there, returned up to the fort, where he found but one man 1 [who] 2 [who] . ; . _ -ij^y- )f the enemy and put them to flight, being the onljr field offi- cer then on shore. Again in 1710, he rendered important ^ervice at the same place, when it was taken by the arnla- iient under Col. Nicholson. In a note to page 119, in Pen- iallow'8 history it is remarked that ** He wad dismissed from ?rvice» Yin 173B) "and was succeeded by Col. Thomas Vestbrook." But on what account he was dismisMd, wheth* |r from age or misconduct is unknown to me. He is men* * >ne.d no more in PenhaUow'a history. mm 186 FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. taken, and several women and children; amongst whom were Captain Hakins'* wife and Worumbos'f wife, the sachem of that fort, with their children. The said Hakins was sachem of Pennacook,| who de- * Hawkins or Hogkius. This sachem had been treated With neglect by Gorernour Cranfield, which in part may ac- count for his enmity to the English. He made a treaty with them in 1685, which perhaps, was broken more throush the ne- gligence of the English than the wish of Hogkins. £^ appears to have learned so much of the English language as to pre- tend to write and read. Four letters from under his hand are preserved in Belknap, I, Appendix, No. XLII, &c. One of which, as a curiosity, is here printed. **May 15, 1685. Honour Mr. Governor, Now this day I com your house, I want se you, iand I bring my hand at before you I want shake hand to you if vour worsnip when please then you receve my hand then snake Tour hand and my hand. You my friend because I remem- ber at old time wnen live my grant father and grant mother then Englishmen com this country, then my grant father and Englishmen they make a good govenant, they friend allways, my grant father leving at place called Malamake rever, oth* er name chef Natukkog and Panukkog, that one rever great manv names, and I brine you this fewskins at this first time I will give you my frieftd. This all Indian hand. JOHN X HAWKINS, Sagamore." JThis letter is the best written of the four, and are all very similar. I copy it precisely as I find it in Belknap. Two of the others are signed John Hogkitu, and one, Mr. John Hogkins, the last has no date, and one is dated 16 May, and the other two the 15, both having 14 signers beside Hogkini, who, it is probable, were his princijgal men. The name of Hogkins or rather Hawkins he received from some EngKsb* man. His Indian name was Hancamagus. See N. H. nist. Soc. Col. I, 231. t A sachem of the Androscoggins. He was with Madoka* wando in the celebrated attack on Storer's garrison at Wells, an account of which may be seen in a succeeding note. X The country on the Merrimake river, including the pre* sent town of Concord, and the lands above and below, bat how far, cannot be told ; as those people never set any pa^ ticular bounds to their country, that we know of. See Fa^ mer'g account of the Pennacook Indians, in N. H. Hist. Soc Col I, 318. The word should be spelt as in the text, bat JTRBNOH AND INDIAN WARS- 187 stroyed Major Waldei^ and his family, some time before, &c. The said two women, viz. Hakins' and Worumbos* wires requested the said Church, that he would spare them and their children's lives ; promising upon that condition, [that] he should have all the captives that were taken, and in the Indians' hands. He asked them how many'? Thev said, about four score. So, upon that condition, he promised them their lives, &>c» In the said fort there were several English cap- tives, who were in a miserable condition. Amongst them was Captain Hucking's* wife, of Oyster river.f Major Church proceeded to examine the man, taken, who gave him an account, that most of the fijB;hting men were gone to Winterharbour,]: to pro^ vide provisions for the bay of Fundy^ Indians, who the aathorjnst cited, leaves out one n. Sullivan writes Pen- nycook. Belknap, whom many, justly in most respects, fol* low, writes it at in the text, with the' omission of one n, as does Mather, whom he follows. * Huckin^^'s garrison was taken, about the last of August, 1689, in which were a few women and boys. The Indians had been in ambush for a number of days, until they had as- certained how many men belonged to the garrison, then as they all went out into the field one day, the Indians cut off their retreat, and killed them all excepting one, who escap- I ed, being 18 in all. They then went to the garrison and de- manded a surrender, but the boys at first refused, and some fighting was done ; at length they surrendered on terms of Ute^ &c. The assailants found means to fire the garrison, whic> hastened the surrender. Mather, Mag. II, 515. This woman is supposed to be the wife of the owner of the gar- I risen. t Now Durham. The country thereabout, was formerly [known by this name.' ^ t At the mouth of Saco river in Maine. § A larse bay, sometimes called Frenchman's bay, contain ing the island Mountdesert, 8 or 10 miles to the eastward of Ithe mouth of Penobscot river. Sullivan, 57, informs us, that lit took the name of Frenchman's bay, from this circumstance. IThat with Demotte came over to America one Nicholas ID'Aubri, a French ecclesiastic of respectability, who went Ion shore on the west side of the hay, and wandering into the Ids FRilKCB AND INDIAN WAtlS. were to come and join with them to fight the English. The soldiers being very rude,- would hardly spare the Indian's life, while in examination; intending when he had done, that he should be executed. But Cap^ tain Hucking's wife, and another woihanj down on their knees, and begged for him^ saying, that he had been a means to save their lives,' and a great many more ; and had helped several to opportunities to run awayj and make their escape ; and that never, since he came amongst them, had fought against the English, but being .'related to Hakins' wife, kept at the fort with them, having been there two years ; but his living was to the westward of Boston. So, upon their request, his life was spared, dLC. Next day the said Church ordered that all their corn should be destroyed, being a great quantity ; saving a little for the two old squaws, which he de- signed to leave at the fort, to give an account who he was, and from whence he came. The rest being , knocked on the head, except the aforementioned for an example ; ordering theni all to be buried Having inquired where all their best beaver was ? they said [that] it was carried away to make a pre- sent to the bay of Fundy Indians, who were coming to their assistance. Now being ready to draw ojff from thence, he called the two old squaws to him, and gave each of them a kettle, and some biscuit, bidding them to tell the Indians, when they came home, that he was known by the name of Captain Church, and lived in the westerly part of Plymouth government ; and that those Indians that came with him were formerly King Philip's men, and that he had met with them in Philip's war, and drawn them off from him, to | — ' ■ fll ■■■ ■■■■■■■■ II. Ml ■— II M^. ■■■— ^—M ^— — IB^^i^—— ^I.M I ■— — — ■ I woods in search of curiosities, was left by the bo&t to bis fate. After three weeks he' was found by a boat from the same v» sel, almost emaciated. . From which circumstahce it receir* f d the above api>ellation. But the waters between Nora* scotia and the main are generally understood to make tbe bay of Fundy. FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 189 fight for the English, against the said Philip, and his associates, who then promised him to fight for the Enfflish, as long as they had one enemy left. And said, that * they did not question, but before Indian com was ripe to have Philip's head ;'^ notwithstand- ing [Philip]^ had twice as many men as were in theit country ; and that theyf had killed and taken one thousand three hundred and odd of Philip's men, women and children, and Philip himself, with several other sachems, t&c. ; and that they should tell Ha- kins and Worumbos, that if they had a mind to see their wives and children, they should come to WellsJ garrison, and that there they might hear of them, &c. Major Church having done, moved with all his forces down to Mequait,^ where the transports were, ibut in the way some of his soldiers threatened the ndian man prisoner very much, so that in a thick swamp, he gave them the slip and got away) and • See Philip's war, page 82. ~ 5 t The English. I Webhannet was the Indian name of Wells. This town is on the sea board about half way between York and Saco, being 13 miles from the former. Storer's garrison was in this town, which was near where the old meeting house stood, and nearly half a mile south of the present place of fiublick worship, and was standing since the year 1760, Sul- ivan, 2S6. The town suffered greatly by the savages. About 500 French and Indians made a desperate attempt on the garrison, in May, 1691, and though it had bat 15 men, b^ the valour of the commander, Captain Converse, and this few, they were repulsed. A sloop happened to arrive just before the engagement, which was a help to them, although they fought on board their vessels. A flag was sent to Capt. Converse, to persuade him to surrender ; at his re* fusing, the officer said, " We will cut ^ou up as fine as tobac- co before to-morrow morning;." He bid them " cOme on for he wanted work.'' Magnaha, II, 532. § A small bay or cove in Casco bay. It is generally innf*. ten Maquoit. Mather, SLnd after him Belknap wrote Mac« quoit. 190 FfiENCH AND INDIA^ WARS. when thej all got on board the traniporti, the wind being fiur, made the best of their way for Winter- harbour ; and the next morning before day, and as soon as the day appeared, they discoTered some sniokes, rising towards Skaman's* garrison. He immediately sent away a scout of sixty men, and followed presently with the whole body. The scout coming near a river discovered the enemy to be on the other side of the river. But three of the enemy were come over the river, to the same side, [ — "y which the scout was of, [but discovering the scoutj ran hastily down to their canoe. One of which lay at each end, [--*]' and the third stood up to paddle over. The scout fired at them, and he that paddled, fell down upon tHe canoe, and broke it to pieces, so that all three perished. „The firing put the enemy to the run, who lefl their canoes and provisions to ours. And old Doney,f and one Thomas Baker, an Englishman, who was a prisoner amongst them, were up at the falls,| and heard the guns fire, expected the other Indians were come to their assistance, so came down the river in a canoe. But when they perceived that there were English as well as Indians, old Doney ran the canoe ashore, and ran over Baker's head, and followed the rest ; and then Baker came to ours, and gave an account of the beaver, hid at Pejepscot plain.^ And coming to the place where the plunder was, the Major sent a scout to Pejepscot fort, to see if they could make any discovery of the enemy's tracks, or could discover any coming up the river. 1 [of the river] ^ [of the canoe] * This was on the east side of Saco river, aho«it two miles helow the hMs, Sullivan, 180. The name should be spelt Scammon. lb. t Father of young Doney. | The falls in the Saeo. § In Brunswick. FAWINCH ANP INDIAN WARS 101 rrhey]^ returned, and laid [that] they saw nothing but our old tracks at the said fbrt, 6lc. Now having got some plunder, one of the Cap* tains* said [that] it was time to go home, and teve« ral others were of the same mind. The Major be* ing much disturbed at this motion of theirs, expect* ing the enem^ would come in a very short time, where they might have a great advantage of them, &c. ' Notwithstanding all he could say, or do, he ^ was obliged to call a council, according to his instruc- tions, wherein he was outvoted. The said comman- der seeing [that] he was put by of his intentions, proffered, [that] if sixty men would stay with him, he would not embark as yet ; but all he could say or do, could not prevail. Then they moved to the ves- sels, and embarked, and as they were going in the vessels, on the back side of Mayr point,f they discov- ered eight or nine canoes, who turned short about, and went up the river ; being the same Indians that the Major expected, and would have waited for. The aforesaid Captain being much disturbed at what the Major had said to him, drew off from the fleet, and in the night ran aground. In the morning Anthony Bracket, having be -n advised and directed by the Indian that had made his escape from o Jr forces, came down near where the aforesaid vessel lay aground, and got aboard. [He]^ has proved a good pilot and Captain for his country. The next day being very calm and misty, 1 [whoj » [who] * From what follows we may suppose this to be one of the Captains from Plymouth government. But as there were two, we cannot be positive which was meant, and but one is named : yet, another circumstance might induce us to sup- pose a Newhampshire Captain is meant, were it not said that the Plymouth forces sailed first, t What» in Sullivan's lustory, it is thought, is called Mer- fTconeaff. It is a p^int in the east part of Casco hay. Ma- ther calu it Mares pohit, II, 557. 'i 192 FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. I ■ t •o that they were all day getting down from Maquoit to Perpodack,* and the masters of the vessels think- ing it not safe putting out in the night, so late in the year, anchored there. [— ]^ The vessels being much crowded, the Major ordered that three compa- nies should go on shore, and no more. Himself with Captain Conversef went with them to order their lodging. And finding just houses convenient for them, viz., two barns and one house; [andp seeing them all settled, and their watches out, the Major and Captain Converse returned to go on board. And coming near where the boat was, it was pretty dark, they discovered some men, but did not know what or who they were. The Major or- dered those that were with him, all to clap down and cock their guns, and he called out, and asked them who they were 9 And they said, *' Indians." *Ie asked them whose men they were 9 They said, ' Captain Southworth's." He asked them where -hey intended to lodge 9 They said, " In those lit- tle huts that the enemy had made when they took that garrison. "{ The Major told them [that] they must not make any fires, for if they did, the encii^y would be upon them before day. They laughed, and said, "Our Major is afraid." Having given them their direc- tions, he. with Captain Converse, went on board the 1 [at Perpodack] « [so] Ml Mill . .-I -i|- _-^ll --^-"^ * In the town of Cape Elizabeth, 6 or 8 miles from Port- land. It is also known by the name of Spring point. t Captain James Converse. A distinguished partizan. No commander deserved better of thdir country than be. Beside his singular bravery in defending the earrison at Wells, mentioned in note S, on page 189, the historv of tbii war abounds with his exploits; to enumerate which would far exceed the limits of this note. See Magnalia,-II, 539, &c I fcan find no account of the Indians taking a garrison here until after this. In Queen Ann*8 or Villebon'a war seve- ral persons were killed and some families carried into captivi* ty. Sullivan, 195. FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 193 Mary sloop, desigiiiiiff to write home, and send away in the morning tno two sloops which had the small pox on board, d^c. But before day our Indians began to make fires, and to sing and dance. So the Major called to Captain Southworth to so ashore and look after his men, fDr the enemy would be upon them by and by. He ordered the boat to be hauled up, to carfy him ashore, and called Captain Conyerse to go with him ; and just as the day began to appear, as the Major was getting into the. boat to go ashore, the enemy fired upon our men, (the Indians) notwithstanding that one Philip, an Indian of ours, who was out up- on the watch, heard a man cough, and the sticks crack, [and]^ gaye the rest an account, that he saw Indians, which they would not believe ; but said to him, '* You are afraid." His answer was, that they might see them come creeping. They laughed and said, [that] they were hogs. ** Ah," said he, " and they will bite you by and by." So presently they did fire upon our men. But the morning being mis- ty, their guns did not go off quick, so that our men had all time to fall down before their guns went off, and saved themselves from that volley, except one man, who was killed. This sudden firing upon our Indian soldiers, sur- prised them [so,] that they left their rrms, but soon recovered them again, and got doyn the bank, which was but low. The Major, with all the forces on board landed as fast as they could, the enemy firing smartly at them ; however all got safe ashore. The enemy had a great advantage of our forces, who were between the sun's rising and the enemy, 80 that if a man put up his head or hand they could see it, and would fire at it. Howeyer, some, with the Major, got up the bank, behind stunipa and rocks, to hiiye the advantage of firing at thei enen^ But when the sun was risen, the Major slipped »Cwho) 194 FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. down the bank ag^in, where all the forces were or< dered to observe his motion, vize* that he would givtf three shouts, and then all of them should run with him up the bank. So, when he had civen the third shout, [he] ran up the bank, and Captain Converse with uim, but when the said Converse perceived that the forces did not follow, as commanded, called to the Major, and told him [that] the forces did not follow. [He,]> notwithstaiuling the enemy fired smartly at him, got safe down the bank again ; and rallying the forces up • the bank, soon put the enemy to flight. And fol- lowing them so close, that they took thirteen canoes, and one lusty man, who had Joseph Ramsdel's scalp by his side. [He]^ was taken by two of our Indians, and having his deserts, was himself scalped. This bein^ a short and smart fight, some of our men were killed and several wounded. Sometime after, an Englishman, who was prisoner amonsst them, gave an account, that our forces had killed and wounded several of the enemy, for they killed seve- ral prisoners according to custom,**^ d^c. After this action was over, our forces embarked for Piscataqua. The Major went to Wells, and re- moved the Captain there, and put in Captain Andres, who had been with him; and knew the discourse left .with the two old squaws at Amerascogen, for Hakins ahd Worumbos to come there in fourteen days, if Ihey had a mind to hear of their wives and children; who did then, or soon after come with a flag of truce jto said Wells garrison, and had leave to come in, and more appearing came in, to the number of eight, (without any terms) being all chief Sachems« [Thej]' were very glad to hear of the women and cnildrcn, yi7., Hakins and Worumbos' wives add children. ll^They]^ all said three several times that they would ; ^[Who] 8 [who] 3 [and] ^[whd] * II was said to be a eiistoni among most <^ the Indfani fllr tiQiiSi to kill as many prisoaera as they lost in battle. FRENCH JlNC INDUN WARS. 106 never iight against the English any more, for the French made fools of thorn, &.c. They saying ai they did, the said An^ros let them go. Major Church being come to Piscataqua, and two of his transports having the small pox on board, and several of his men having got great C9ld8 by theil hard service, pretended [that] they were gomg to ijave the small pox ; thinking bv that means to be sent home speedily. The Major being willing to try them, went to the gentlemen there, and desired them to provide a house ; for »ome of his men expected [that] they should have the small pox ; which [they] readily did, and told him, that the people belonging to it were just recovered of the small pox, and had been all at meeting, n foot ; but meeting there with a Rhodeisland gentle- man, acquainted him of my wants, who tendered me ten pounds, whereby I was accommodated for my journey home. And being come home, I went to • About 1716. FRfiNCli AND INDUN WARS. 199 the minister of our town,* and gave him an account of the transactions of the great affairs I had been em- ployed in, and the great favour God was pleased to show me, and my company, and the benefit I hoped would accrue to yourselves ; and desired him to re^ turn publick thanks; but at the same interim of time a paper was presented unto him from a court of Ply- mouth, which was holden before I came home, to command a day of humiliation through the whole government, " because of the frown of God upon those forces sent under my command, and the ill sue* cess we had, for want of good conduct." All which was caused by those false reports which were posted home by those ill affected officers that were under my conduct ; especially one, which yourselves very well know, who had the advantage of being at home a week before me, being sick of action, and wanting the advantage to be at the bank, which he was every day mindful of more than fighting the enemy in their own country. " After I came home, being informed of a general court at Plymouth, and not forgetting my faithful promise to you, and the duty I lay under, I went thither. Where waiting upon them I gave them an account of my Eastward transactions, and made them sensible of the falseness of those reports that were posted to them by ill hands, and found some small favourable acceptance with them ; so far that T was credited. I presented your thanks to them for their seasonably sending those forces to relieve you, of the expense and charge they had been at ; which thanks they gratefully received ; and said a few lines from yourselves would have been well ac- cepted. I then gave them an account of your great necessities, by being imprisoned in your garrisons, and the great mischief that would attend the pub- * Brbtol. The Rev. Samuel Lee, I suspect, was then the minister, as he. did not leave America until sometime the nest year. See note 4, page xii. •00 FRENOH AND INDIAN WAR9. lick concernn of tliii oounirv by the loii of their MtuestiGM* ititercRt, and so much good eBtato of yoiir^M and vour noighbours, as doubtloss would be, on the cioterting of your town. I (hen moved for a free contribution for your rolicf, which thoy with §i*eftt forwanlness promoted ; nnd then ordorccl » ay of thanksgiving throuu^h the government upon the twontysixUi day of tbi?* instant. Upon which day a collection was ordoroil for your relief, and iho places near adjacent, in every respective town in this government ; and for the good nianagement of it that it might bo safely conveyed unto your hands, thoy appointed a man in each county for the receipt and conveyance thereof. The persons nominntod and accepted thereof, are, for the county of JMy- mouth, Captain Nathaniel Thomas, of MHrshfidd; fi>r the county of Uarnstable, Captain Josepfi Ijathrop. of Barnstable ; and for the county of Hrisiol, mys«>ll' Which when gathered, you will have a particular account from each person, with orders of udviro how it may be disposed of for your best advoiit;jj;o. with a copy of the court*s order."** Tlie gentlcnuii [that] the elTccts are to be sent to, are vourschcs tliat I now write to, viz., John Wheelwright, Mscj.. Captain John Littlefield, and Lieutenuut Joseph Story. I deferred writing, expecting every dny (<» hear from you concerning the Indians, eoniinjj: ta treat about their prisoners that we had tiiken. Tin' discourse I made with them at Ameresscogon, 1 knew would have that effect as to bring them to n t^xiaty, which I would have thought myself happy t>> have been improved in, knowing that it wouhi Iwivc made much for your good. But no intelligence coming to me from any gentleman in your parts. • The people of Connecticut were forwanl, also, i«i con- tributing to those distre^sscd inhabitants. A contribution was ordered by the general court thix)ughout the colony, antl the clergy were directed to exhort the people to liberal con* tribtttions for these charitable purposes. Hist. Con. 1} 987 FU£NOH AND INDIAN WARS. 2or nnd hearing nothing but by accident, and that in llio latter end of the week by some o** ourn coming from Dnston, informed mo that the Indians had come into your towh to seek for peace ; anil thut then; was to be a treaty speedily ; but the time they knew not. I took my horse, and upon the Monday set out for Boston, expecting the treaty had been ne your town, as rationally it HJiould ; but on Tuesday night coming to Boston, 1 there met with Cupiiiiii liilisha Andros, who informed me that the place of treaty was Sacatyhock,* and that Captain Aldeu was gone from Boston four dayw before I cam<; there, and had carried all the Indian {>risoners with him ; and that all the forces were dmwn away out of your parts, except twelve men in your town, and twelve in Piscataqua, which news did so amuse mc, to see, that wisdom was taken from the wise, and such imprudence in their actions as to be deluded by Indians. To have a treaty so far from any Eng- lish town, and to draw oft' the forces upon what pre- tence soever, to me looks very ill. My fear is that they will deliver those we have taken, which, if kept, would have been greatly for your security, in keeping them in awe, ond preventing them from doing any hostile action or mischief. I knowing that the English being abroad arc very earnest t'» go home, and the Indians are very tedious in their discourses; and by that means will have an advan- tage to have their captives at very low rates, to your great damage.f Gentlemen, as to Rhodeisland, • Sagadahook. On the south side of Kenncbeck river, 20 miles southwest of Pemmaqued. Hubbard. t The treaty here alluded to, was agreed upon by tho:?o. f ttchems that came into ** Wells garrison," mentioned oa page 194, *♦ with a flag of truce." Major Hutchinson and Capt. Townscnd went from Boston to Wells, as commission-, crs, and after some time, a conference was agreed upon at Sa^adahock, 23 November. They met according to ap-. pointraent and a truce only, was obtained, and that till 1 Mtjf> 302 FRENCH AND INDIAN WABS. I have not concerned myself as to anf relief ^i you, having nothing «in 'writing to show to them; yet, upon discoursie with some gentlemen there thev have signified a great forwardness to promote such a thing. I lying under great reflections from some of yours in the eastward parts, that I was a verv covetous person, and came there to enrich my- self, and that I killed their cattle and barrelled them up, and sent them to Boston, and sold them for plunder, and made money to put into my own poc- ket ; and the owners of them being poor people begged for the hides and tallow, with tears in their «yes; and that I was so cruel as to deny them! ivhich makes me judge myself incapable to serve you in that matter ; yet, I do assure you, that the people are very charitable at the island, and forward m such good actions ; and therefore, I advise you to oV/n due time. I remain, gentlemen, your most as- sured friend, to serve you to my utmost power. BENJAMIN CHURCH." However, 10 captives were redeemed, and at the end of the truce they were to bring the rest to Welb, and make i final peace. Magnalia, U, 539. ^ FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 203 i* Postscript. Esquire Wiieelwright.* Sir, I en treat you, after your perusal of these lines, to com- municate the same to Captain John Littlefield,f Lieutenant Joseph Story, smd to any other sentle- men, as in your judgment you see fit ; . with the ten- der of my respects* to you, <&.c., and to Major Vaughan, and his good lady and family. To Cap- I tain Fryer, and good Mrs. Fryer, with hearty thanks for their kindness whilst in those parts, and good entertainment from them. My kind respects to Ma- jor Frost, Captain Walton, Lieutenant Honeywel, land my very good friend Httle Lieutenant Plaisted ; with due respects to all gentlemen, my friends in the jeastward parts, as if particularly named. Farewell. B. C." "To Major Pike. Honoured Sir, Bristol, Nov. 27, 1690. These come to wait upon you, to bring the ten- |ders of my hearty service to yourself, and lady, with due acknowledgment of thankfulness for all the jkiiidness, and favour L received from you in the east- |>vard parts, when with you. Since I came from * A son> it is presumed, of the Rev. John Wheelwright, [of whom so much has been said and written concerning An- Itinnrnian principles and land titles. Being contented with It lie history of the father, I have not disturbed the ashes of jthe son. The venerable ancestor held a deed of certain [lands in Exeter, N. H., from certain Indian Sagamores un- M^ier- date, 1629, the ** authenticity" of which, has of late, been Icxaniinedby two able criticks. The late Governour Plumer jof N. H., first endeavoured to vindicate its genuineness, and jJaraes Savage of Boston, seems to have proved the contrary. [The deed maybe seen in f Belknap, App. No. L Govern- lour Plumer's argument in N. H. Hist. Soc. Col. 299. And [that of Mr. Savage in his edition of Winthrop's Journal, I, ]412. t A Lieut. Littleficld is named by Penhallow, 71 , as being blain in 17 J 2, at Wells. ,It might be he. f ' \ 204 FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. those parts, I am informed by Captain Andros, that yourself and most all the forces, are drawn off from the eastward parts. I admire at it, considering that they had so low esteem of what was done, that they can apprehend the eastward parts so safe before the enemy were brought into better subjection. I was in hopes, when I came from thence, that those who were so desirous to have my room, would have been very brisk in my absence, to have got themselves some honour, which they very much gaped after, or else they would not have spread so many false re- ports to defame me ; which had I known before I left the bank* I would have had satisfaction of them. Your honour was pleased to give me some small -account, before I left the bank, of some things that were ill represented to you, concerning the eastward expedition, which being rolled home like a snowball through both colonies, was got to such a bigness, that it overshadowed one from the influence of all comfort, or good acceptance amongst my friends in my journey homeward. But through God's good- ness [I] am come home, finding all well, and myself in good health ; hoping, that those reports will do me the favour, to quit me from all other publick ac- tions ; that so I may the more peaceably, and quiet- ly, wait upon God, and be a comfort to my own family, in this dark time of trouble ; being as one hid, till his indignation is overpast. I. shall tour. Ordering him to send out scouts, to see if they could make any discovery of the ene* my, and to wait there till he came to them. Major Church coming to York, Colonel Gidncy told him, [that] his opinion was, that the enemy was drawn off from those parts ; for that the scouts could not discover any of them, nor their tracks. So hav- ing done his business there, went with what forces he had there, to Winterharbour, where he had the same account from Captain Gorham, [viz.,] that they had not discovered any of the enemy, nor any new tracks. So, concluding [that] they were gone from those parts towards Penobscot, the Major ordered all the vessels to come to sail, and make the best of their 1 [for] of ths InVigible World.** He was an associate with Haw- thorn and Curwin, in executing the laws against witchcraft. Small time has been spent for more infdrmation of hiih, and as little has been found. * The French were expected to make ofier attempts along the coast, which they threatened after th^«iiecess at Pemmaquid. t Their whole force, it appears from Hutchinson, II, 91, was 600 men. X Captain John Gorham seems from this time through this and the other expeditions to have acted a conspicaoos part. 1 have found no other accounts of him. d32 VIIENCH AND INDIAN WARS. way to Monhegin,* which being not far from Penob* scot, wh«re the main body of our enemy's living was. Being in great hopes to come up with the army of French and Indians, before they had scattered and gone past Penobscot, or Mountdesart, which is the chief place of their departure from each other after such actions. Having a fair wind, made the best of their way, and early next morning they got into Monhegin. And there lay all day fitting their boats, and other necessaries to embark in the night at Mussleneckf with their boats. Lying there an day to keep undis- covered from the enemy. At night the Major order- ed the vessels all to come to sail, and carry the for- ces over the bay{ near Penobscot. But having little wind, he ordered all the soldiers to embark on board the boats with eight days provision, and sent the ves- tels back to Monhegin, that they might not be dis- 'covered by the enemy; giving them orders, when md where they should come to him. The forces being all ready in their boats, rowii^ very hard, got ashore at a point near Penobscot.^ just as the day broke. [Tbeyp hid their boats, and keeping a good look out by sea, and sent out scouts by land, but could not discover either canoes or In- dians. What tracks and fire places they saw were judged to be seven or eight days before they came. As soon as night came, that they might go undis- covered, got into their boats, and, went by Mussle- neck, and so amongst Penobscot islands, looking very sharp as they went, for fires %'>h the shore, and for canoes but found neither. 1 [and] * An island on the east side of Kennebeck river, and 10 miles from the main, celebrated as the place where Capt John Smiith landed in 1614 ; here he buUt some houses, the remains of which were to be seen when Judge Sullivan wrote his history. It is spelt Monheagan. t A point in Monheagan island. t The bay of Penobscot. § Mouth of the river. FEENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 3^ Getting up to Mathebeilueki hiHf , [nnd^ day com- ing on, luided and hid their boat* ; looking out for the enemy, as the day before, but to little purpose. Night coming en, to their oars asain, workmg very hard ; turned night into day, [iirhich] made several of their new soldiers grumble. But telling them [that] they hoped to come up quickly with the enemy put new life into them. By daylight they got into the mouth of the river, where landing, found many ren- dezvous, and iireplacetf, where the Indians had been ; but at the same space of time as beforementioned. And no canoes passed up the river that day. Their pilot, Joseph York,^ informed the Major, that fifly or sixty miles up that river, at the great falls, the ene- my haid a great rendezvous, and planted a ffreat quantity of corn, when he was a prisoner with them, four years ago ; and that he was very well acquaint- ed there. This gave great encouragement to have had some considerable advantage of the enemy at that place. So using their utmost endeavours to get up there undiscovered. And coming there found no enemy, nor corn planted ; they having deserted the place. And ranging about the falls on both sides of the river, leaving men on the east side of the said river, and the boats just below the falls, with a good guard to secure them, and to take the enemy if they came down the river in their canoes. The west side being the place where the enemy lived and best to travel on, they resolved to range as privately as they could. A mile or two above the fklls, [they] discovered a birch canoe coming down with two Indians in it. The Major sent word immediately back to those at the falls, to lie very close, and let them pass down the falls, and to take them alive, that he might have intelligence where the enemy were, (which would • ••-••' ' ■ • York probably bftlonged here, for it appears flrnn Solli- van, 146, that persons cf this name were among tlieeari^ proprietors of tne lands of Kennebeck. 224 J^RENCH AND INDIAN WAKS. ^have been a great advantage to them.) But a foolish soldier seeing them pass by him, shot at them, con- trary to orders given, which prevented them [from] going into the ambuscade, that was laid for them. Whereupon several more of our men being near, shot at them. So that one of them could not stand when he got ashore, but crept away into the brush. The other stepped out of the canoe with his paddle • in his hand, and ran about a rod and then threw down ; his paddle, and turned back and took up his gun, . &nd so escaped. One of our Indians swam over the river, and fetched the canoe, wherein was a consider- able 4'iantity of blood on the seats that the Indians sat on, [andj the canoe had several holes shot in her. They stopped the holes, and then Captain Bracket* with an Indian soldier, went over the river/Tand]' tracked them by the blood about half a mile, [where they] found his^gun, took it up and seeing the blood no further, concluded that he stopped [it,]' and so got away. . In the mean time, another cauoe with three men were coming down the river, [and being]® fired at by some of our forces, ran ashore, and left two of . their guns in the canoe, which were taken ; and al- . so a letter from a priest to Casteen, [giving]^ him an .account df the French and Indians returning over the lake to Mountroyal,f and of their little service done upon the Maquas| Indians westward ; only de- • i [who] « [his blood] 3 [were] * [tbaf gave] " " »' ■« 1 1 ' II I . 1 1 . 11 I I . i I ... * The same person mentioived at page 166. t Montreal. I This was the name gisren by the Dutch to the Fivena- tions of Indians. Sec N. Y. Hist. Soc. Col. tt, 44. By the French they were called Iroquois, between whom their wars were almost perpetual. An account of what is hinted at in the text may be seen in Smith's Newyork, 147, 149, and N. Y. Hist. Soc Col. II, 67, 68. The expedition was executed under count De Frontenac now (1696) Governour of Cana- da, He had assembled a great body of his friend Indians (h^m difi^reut nations, which he joinet} with two battalion! FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 925 molishing one fort, and cutting dbWn some corn, <$r c. He desiring to hear of the proceedings of De- borahuel, and the French man of war. And inform- ed him that there were several caQpeti coming with workmen from Quebeck, to St. J<^ki8.^ Where since, we concluded, it was to biiild a fort at the river's mouth, when the great guiis were taken, &c. It being just night, the officers were called to- gether to advise, and their pilot, York, informed them of a fort up that river, and that it was built on a little island in that river; and that there was.no getting to it, but in canoes, ov on tbi^ ice ii^ the winter time. This with the certain knowledge that we were discovered by the enemy that escaped out of the upper canoe, concluded it oot proper, at that time, to proceed any further up ; and that there was no getting any further with our boats ; and the ene- my being alarmed, would certainly fly from theffi (and do as they did four years ago at their fort at Taconock. Having fought them in Kennebeck river, and pursued them about thirty miles to Taconock,. they then set their fort on Are, and ran away by the light of it, ours not being able to come up with them at that place.) of regulars. They left Montreal about the first of July, and with the greatest difficulty penetrated about 300*1111168 ilntox the wilderness. Nothing was eflfected by this grerat army, but the burning of a few Indian hutsj and torturing a few. prisoners. One circumstance of the lattei^ as a striking ex- ample of magnanimity, on the one side, and moi^e than sav- age ba«barity on the other, shall be related. On the ap- proach of the Count with his army to an Indian town, it was deserted by all its inhabitants, except an aged chief, of near 100 years. He was immediately put to torment. One f'tabbed him with a knife, at which he exclaimed, " Vou had better make me die by fire, that these French dm may leapn how to suffer like men," &c. He continued firm until he expired under the most excruciating torture thfit covdd be invented. • At the mouth of the river St. Johni, in what is now K Brunswick. - .M: 220 FRfiKCH AND INDIAN WARS. Major Church then encouraging his soldiers^ told them, [that] he hoped they should meet with part of the enemy in Penobscot bay, or at Mountdesart, where the French ships were. So, notwithstanding they had been rowing several nights before, withj mlich toil, besides were short of provisions, they cheerfully embarked on board their boats, and went clown the river both with anci against the tide. And next morning came to their vessels, where the Major had ordered them to meet him, who could give him no intelligence of any enemy. WheTe being come they refreshed themselves. Meeting then with ano-| ther disappointment ; for their pilot, York, not be- ing acquainted any further, they began to lament I the loss of one Robert Cawley, whom they chieilj xlepended on for all the service to be done now eastward. He having been taken away from them | the night before they set sail from Boston (and was on board Mr.' Thorp's sloop) and put on board the man of war unknown to Major Church, notwithstand- ing he had been at the trouble and charge of pro- ^curing him. Then the Major was obliged to one Bord,* procured by Mr. William Alden, who being acquainted in those parts, to leave his vessel, and ^o with him in the boats, which he readily complied with, and so went to Nasketf point, lyhere being in- formed was a likely place to meet the enemy. Com- ing there, found several houses and small fields of 'Corn, the fires having been out several days, and no new tracks. But upon Penobscot island they found several Indian houses, corn and turnips. Though the enemy still being all gone, as beforementioned. Then they divided, and sent their boats some one way, and some another, thinking, that if any strag- gling Indians, or Casteen himself, should be there- • The name of Bord or rather Boad as Sulliv ,n -has it, is found among the first inhabitants of Saco. Hist. Maine, SlS- t_Or Nauseag, in the town of Woolvrich on the cast side of the Kennebeck. FRENCH AN0 INDIAN WARS. 227 [about, they might find them, but it proved all in vain. Himself and several boats went to Mountde- sart, to see if the French ships were gone, and [whether any of the enemy might be there, but to no [purpose ; the shipa being gone and the enemy also, ^hey being now got several leagues to the westward >f their vessels, and seeing that the way was clear for their vessels to pass ; and all their extreme row- ing, and travelling by land and water, night and day» to be all in vain. (The enemy having left those )arts as they judged, about eight or ten days before.) ind then returning to their vessels, the commander calling all his officers together, to consult and re- solve what to do.; concluding that the enemy, by some means or other, had received some intelligence >f their being come out against them ; and that they ^ere in no necessity to come down to the sea side Ls yet, moose and beaver now being fat. They then agreed to go so far east, and employ piemselves, that the enemy belonging to these parts, light think [that] they were gone home. Having pome discourse about going over to St. Johns. But [he masters of the vessels said, [that] [they]' had as jood carry them to old France, <&c., which put off pat design. (They concluding that the French ships, ^ere there.) Then the Major moved for going over . Hie bay towards Lahane,* and towards the gut of yancer,-|- where was another considerable fort of In* lians, who often came to the assistance of dl«r ene- ly, the barbarous Indians. Saying, that Wf the iime they should return again, the enemy belonging to these parts would come down again, expecting [hat we were gone home. But in snort, could not >revail with the masters of the open sloops to ven- Hhe] * This name is spelt LayhonQ in a succeeding page. t Properly, Canceaii, and pronounced Canso. It is the, trait between Cape Breton island and Novascotia connect* |ng the Atlantic with the gulf of St, Lawrence, 226 FRENCH AND I^DIAN WARS. ture across the bay.* [They]^ said [that] it wa« very dangerous so late in the year, and as much as their lives were worth, &c. Then they concluded and resolved to go toSe* nactaca,f wherein there was a ready compliance. (But the want of their pilot, Robert Cawley, was a great damage to them, who knew all those parts.) However, Mr. John Alden, master of the brigantine En- deavour, piloted them up thel>ay to Senactaca. And coming to ChrinatoneX point, being not far from Se« nactaca, then came to, with all the vessels, and ear- ly next morning came to sail, and about sunrise got into town. But it being so late before we landed, that the enemy, most of them, made their escape. And as it happened [we] landed where the French and Indians had some time before killed Lieutenant John Paine,^ and several of Captain Smithson's men, that were with said Paine. They seeing our forces coming, took the opportunity, fired several guns, and so ran all into the woods, [and] carried all or most part of t}ieir goods With them. One Jarmao Bridgwayll came running towards our forces, with a 1 [who] •Baj ofFundy. t This, I presume, is what is called Signecto in Gov. Dud* ley's instructions to Col. Church for the fifth expedition. It is since written Chignecto, and is the northern arm of the bay between Novascotia and Newbrunswick. Here the tide rises and falls 60 feet. X I suppose the reader would get over this word better, were it ;»pelt better. But the alteration would be immaterial, as it is the name of a place. § The same, I presume, who, in 1676-7, assisted Major Waldron in settling a treaty with the eastern Indians. 1 learn no more of him than is found in Mr. Hubbard's Nar 949, 8(.c. Of Smithson I learn nothing. II Charlevoix, who was better acquainted with French names than our author, calls him Bourgeois, He was one of the principal inhabitants of the place. See Hist. Mas. Hi 9$, 93. Hutchinson, ib. , says, that "Church calls him Bridg' man." Perhaps he did in his despatches, but it is not lo spelt in my copy. FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 339 gun in one hand, and his cartridge box in the other, [and] callinff to our forces to stop, that he misht speak with them. But Major Church thinking [that this]^ was [done] that they might have some advan- taffe, ordered them to run on. When the said Bndgway saw [that] they would not stop, turned and ran. But the Major called unto him, and bid him stop, or he should be shot down. Some of our fbrces being near to the said Brid^ay, said, [that] it was the General that called to him. He hearing that, stopped and turned about, laying down his gun| stood, till the Major came iip to him. His desire was, that the commander would make haste with him to his house, lest the savages* should kill his father and mother, who were upward of four score years of age, and could not go. The Major asked the said Bridgway whether there were any Indians amongst them, and where they lived ? He shaked his head, and said, he durst not tell, for'lf he did, they would take an opportunity, and kill him and his. So all that could be got out of him was, that they were run into the woods with the rest. Then orders were given to pursue the enemy, and to kill what Indians they could find, and take the French alive, and give them quarter if they ask- ed it. Our forces soon took three Frenchmen, who, up- on examination^ said, that the Indians were all run into the woods. The French firine several guns, and ours at them. But they being oetter acquain- ted with the woods than ours, got away. The Ma- jor took the abovesaid Jarman Bridgway for a pilot, and with some of his forces went over a river^ to several of their houses, but the people were gone, and [had] carried their goods with them. In rang- ing the woods [they] found several Indian houses^ 1 [it] ' * Church's savages. 390 FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. their fires being just out, but no Indians. Spending that day in ranging to and fro, found considerable of their goods, and but few people. At night the Major wrote a letter, and sent out two French pri- sonera, wherein was signified, that if they would come in, they should have good quarters. The neit day several come in, which did belong to that jp&rt of the town where our forces first land- ed, [and]^ had encouragements given them by our commander, [vis.,] that if diey would assist him in taking those Indians, which belonged to those ports, they should have their goods re- turned to them again, and their estates should not be denmified; [but]* they refused.* Then the Major and his forces pursued their design.f 1 [who] 9 [which] " . • What Hutchinson, II, 92, observes concerning this very severe reqaisition, is too just to be unnoticed^ " This was a hturd condition, and in e£fect, obliging them to auit their oountry ; for otherwise, as soon as the English had left them without sufficient protection, the incense^ Indians would hare fell upon them without mercy." t "Charlevoix says, (in Hist. Mas. II, 92, 93,) that Bour- geois produced a Writing, by which Sir William Phips had given assurances of protection to the inhabitants of Chi^nec- to, whilst they remained faithful subjects of King WiUiam; and that Church gave orders that aothing in their houses, &c., fhould be touched : but whilst he was entertained by Bourgecis, together witti the principal officers, the rest of the army dis^rsed themselves among the other houses and be- haved as if they had been in a conquered country." And, " that many of the inhabitants, not trusting to the promises of the General [Church] refused to come in, and that it was very well they did ; for soon after he broke through all bounds, and left only the church and a few houses and barns standing ; and having discovered, posted up in the church, an order of Frontenac, the Goverqour of Canada, for the re- gulation of trade, he threatened to treat thi^m as rebels, set fife to the church, and the houses which he had spared and whiiihiivere now all reduced to ashes ; and having dane tliisi he presented a writing whiich he told them was an acknowl- ed||^«iaentof their having renewed their subjection to King William, and would be a security to them in case any Eng- Bsh should again land among them/* Before regarding this FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 931 And went further ranging their country, found seve- ral more houses, bu^ uie people [had] fled, and car- ried what they had away. But in a creek [they] found a prize baik, that was brought in there by a French privateer. In ranging the woods, took some prisoners, who upon exammation gave our comman- der an account, that there were some Indians upon a neck of land, towards Menis.* So a party of men was sent into those woods. In their ranging about the said neck, found some plun- der, and a considerable quantity of whortleberries, both green and dry, which were gathered by the In- dians. [They]^ had like to have taken two Indians ; [but]* by the help of a birch canoe [they] got over the river, and made their escape. Also they found two barrels of powder, and near half a bushel of bul- lets. The French denying [them]' to be theirs, [and] said [that] they were the savages; but sure it might be a supply for our enemies. Also, they took from Jarman Bridgway several barrels of powder, with bullets, shot, spears and knives, and other supplies to relieve our enemies. He owned that he had been trading with those Indians along Cape Sablef shore, with Peter Assnow ; and, that there he met with the French ships, and went along with them to St. Johns, and helped them to unload the said ships, and car- ried up the river provisions, ammunition and other goods to Vilboon's fort.f The Major having ranged all places that were thought proper, returned back to the place where Hand] 8 [who] ' [it] account as perfectly correct, it should be remembered that the Jesuit Charlevoix ever portrays the affairs of th^ French in amiable colours. . , "- > • - * On a basin of the east arm of the bay between Novasco tia and Newbrunswick. Morse spells the word two ways viz., Mines and Minas. t The southwest point of No vascotia. X This fort was upon the river St. Johns. 292 FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. they first landed. And findinff severalprisoners come in, who were troubled to see their cattle, sheep, hogi and dogs lying dead about their houses, chopped and hacked with hatchets, (which was done without order from the Major.) However, he told them, [that] it was nothing to what our poor English, ip our f^ntier j towns, were forced to look upon. For men, women and children were chopped and hacked so, and leflJ half dead, with all their scalps taken off; and that] they and their Indians served ours so ; and our sava- ges would be glad to serve them so too, if he would I permit them, which caused them to be mighty srb- missive. And [they] begged the Major that he would { not let the savages serve them so. Our Indians being somewhat sensible of the dis- course, desired to have some of them to roast, and so | to make a dance. And dancing in a hideous man- ner, to terrify them, said, that they could eatanjl sort of flesh, and that some of theirs would make I their hearts strong. [And] stepping up to some of the prisoners, said that they must have their scalps, which much terrified the poor prisoners, who begged for their lives. The Major told them [that] he (iid \ not design the savages should hurt them ; but it wasj to let them see a little what the poor English felt, saying, [that] it was not their scalps [that] he want- ed, but the savages; for he should get nothing byj them ; and told them, that their fathers, the friars and Governours encouraged their savages, and gave them money to scalp our English, notwithstanding tliey | weve with them, which several of our English, there present, did testify to their faces, that their fathen and mothers were served so in their sight. But the Major bid them tell their fathers, (thefti-j ars and Governours,) that if they still persisted, and let their wretched savages kill and destroy the poor I English at that rate, he would come with some m- dreds of savages, and let them loose amongst theoii| who would kill, scalp, and carry away every FrcncM FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 233 jrson in all those parts ; for they were the root from /hence all the branches came, that hurt us. For the Indians could not do us any harm, if they [the Vench] did not relieve and supply them. Th6 French being sensible of the Major's kindness td lem, kissed his hand, and were very thankful to him )r his favour to them in saving their lives. JThey] ^wned that their priests* were at the taking of Peme- luid fort, and were now gone to Layhone, with some ff thelndians, to meet the French ships, but for what, loy would not ten. The commander, with his forces, having done all ley could in those parts, concluded to go to St. >hns river, to do further service for their King^>nd >untry; [so] embarked al| on board their trans- >rts.f And having a fair wind, soon got to Mono- mest,! which lies a little distance from the mouth St. Johns river. Next morning early, the Major with his forces, ided to see what discovery they could make; [so ^ey] travelled across the woods to the old fort or lis at the mouth of St. Johns river, keeping them- ilves undiscovered from the enemy. Finding that [ere were several men at work, and having informed [emselves as much as they could, (the enemy being the other side of the river, could not come at im) returned back. But night coming on, and irk wet weather, with bad travelling, were obliged stop in the woods till towards next day morning, id then went on board. Soon after the Major ordered all the vessels to ^me to sail, and go into the mouth of the river, 'hat^ being done, it was not long before the S|ajor ^d his foices landed on the east side of the lii^er, French firing briskly at them, but did them no Castine was mentioned as being there. See note, pag« • On the 90 September. On the north side of the riyer. 334 FRENCH AN0 INDIAN WARS. jhigm. And ninning fiercely upon the enemy, the; •09n fled into the woods. The Maior ordered a briil party to run across a neck to cut them off firom their] casoes, which the day before they had made a dii.l covery pf. So the commander, with the rest, rail directly towards the new fort [that] they were buik^l ing, not knowing but [that] oiey had some ordnandl mounted. The enemy running directly to their ci>| noes, were met by our forces, who fired at them andl killed one, and wounded Corporal Canton, who wul taken. The rest threw down what they had, and ragi into the woods. The said prisoner. Canton, beioH brought to the Major, told him, [that] if he would let his surgeon dress his wound and cure him, he would be serviceable to him as long as he lived. So being dressed, he was examined. [He]^ gave the! Major an account of the twelve great guns whicil were hid in the beach, below high water marLi (The carriages, shot, and wheelbarrows, some floui and pork, all hid in the woods.) The next morning the officers being all ordered to meet together, to consult about going to Vilboonil fort, and none amongst them being acquainted but the Aldens, who said, [that] the water in tbe river was very low, so that they could not get up tol the fort ; and the prisoner, Canton, told the Conhj mander, that what the Aldens said was true. Sol not being willing to make a Canada expedition, coo-l eluded [that] it was not practicable to proceed.'! Then ordered some of the forces to get the great guns on board the open sloops, and the rest to range tbe woods for the enemy, who took one prisoner and brought [him] in. [They]^ in their ranging, founi there a shallop, hauled in. a creek. Andadayorj two after there came in a young soldier to our force^j ' : 1 pVho] 8 [who] •The unsuccessful attempt on Queheek by Sir ^yilliij Phips, which was rendered abortive by the latenen nv\ season. FEKNCH AND INDIAN WABS. n35 rho upon examinaiion, gave an account of two mora rhich he left in the woods at lome distance. So lediately the Major with some of his forces went pursuit of them, taking the said prisoner with I, who conveyed them to the place where he left . . I, but they were gone. [Theyl then asked the >risoner, whether there were any Indians in those >arts? [He] said No, [that] it was as hard for Vilboon, ' eir Governour, to get an Indian down to the water le, as it was for him to carry one of those great (uns on his back to his fort. For they having had utelligence by a prisoner out of Boston jail, that ;ave them an account of Major Church and his for- ces coming out against them. Now, having with a great deal of pains and trou- de, got all the guns, shot, and other stores aboard, ntended [to proceed] on our design, which we came >ut first for. But the wind not serving, the com- nander sent cut his scouts into the wds to seek Tor the enemy. And four of our Indians came upon three Frenchmen undiscovered, who concluded, that if the French should discover them, [theyl would ire at them, and might kill one or more or them ; ^hich, to prevent, fired at the French, killed one, nd took the other two prisoners. And it happened Ihat he who was killed, was Shanelere, the chief lan there, &,c. The same day they mended their whale boats, nd the shallop which they took ; fitting her to row Iwith eight oars, that she might be helpful to their Iprosecuting their intended design against the enemy, [in their returning homeward. Then the commander ordering all the officers to come together, informed them of his intentions ;j^nd ordered that no vessels [should depart from the fleet, but to attend the mo- jtions of their Commodore, as formerly ; e:iiccept they were parted by storms, or thick fogs. And if to, it should happen that any did part, when they cmie to 336 FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. Passamequady,* should stop there awhile ; fJ there they intended to stop and do business, witlj the help of their boats against the enemy. And i they missed that, to stop at Machias,f which wvl the next place [that] he mtended to stop at. HaJ ins an account oy the prisoners taken that Mr. Late>| riq: was there, a tradmg with the Indians in tbel river. [And] encouraging them, said, [ihat] he m not douDt but to have a good booty there. Andil they should pass those two places, be sure not to m past Naskege^ point ; but to stop there till he came^j and not to depart thence in a fortnight without orders; having great service to do in and about Pe| nobecot, dtc. Then Major Church discoursed with Captaiil Bracket, Captain Hunewell, and Captain Larking (with their Lieutenants) commanders of the force J belonging to the eastward parts, who were todii- course their soldiers about their proceedings, wheo they came to Penobscot. And the Major himself was to discourse his Indian soldiers, and their Cap tains, who with all the rest readily complied. TIm projection being such, that when they came to Pe- nobscot, the commander designed to take what pro t * Better written Passammaqaaddy. Coastiera call it Qao(i> <1y. It is a deep bay, which begins the separation of the British dominions from Maine. t The bay of Machias is separated from Passammaquoddj by Pleasant point on the west. A riyer flows into thisbi/i of the same name, on which is the town of Machias. 1 Whoever this person might be, we hear no more of hioi) only that he was a Frenchman, and ha4 a family at Mouot* desert ; that he was taken in the last expedition ; and that his name was o/tfLaterilor Lotriell according to the earljj writers wJio mention him, which of coarse, wm all they knew about him. ^ § What Sullivan calls Nauseag, I ei^peet, almost up totbt Kennebeck, but on the east side, and now within the tosi of Woolwich. See page 836, of this kistiwy, where it if ip(> | Nasket FRENCH AND INDIAN WAli*. 8d7 ifioni could be spared out of all the tloopt, ind ut [it] on board the two brigantines, and to lend ill the sloops home with fome of the officera and en that wanted to be at home. And then with ose forces aforementioned, to witf the eastward en, and all the Indians ; and to take what provi- ions and ammunition was ficedful, and to inarch ith himself up into the Penobscot country, in arch of the enemy, and if posssible to take that rt in Penobscot river. Capiain Bracket informinff e Major, that when the water was low, they could ade over, which wa^ at that time, the lowest that ad been known in a long time. And being there, to range through that country own to Pemequid, where he intended [that] the o brigantines should meet them ; and from thence iking more provisions, viz., bread, salt, and ammu- ition suitable (to send those' two ves^ Is home also) travel through the country to Nerigiwack,* and om thence to Amerascogen fort, and so down here the enemy used to plant. Not doubting but at in all this travel to meet with many of the ene- before they should get to Piscataqua. All lich intentions were very acceptable to the forces at were to undertake it. [And]* rejoicing, said, ey had rather go home by land than by water, ovided their commander went with them. [He,]* try their fidelity, said [that] he was crown an- ent, and might, fail them. [But] they all said they )uld not leave him, and when he could not travel y further, they would carry him. Having done what service they could, at and out the mouth of St. Jolms river, i^solved on their 1 [who] a [who] I* Norridgewock. This name has been subject to almost \ many methods of spelling, as its neighbour, Androscoggin. [ was an ancient celebrated Indian town on the Kennebeck er, about 84 miles from its mouth by the course of thw river , illivan, 81, 33. K, S38 fItfiKOlf AND INDIAN WARl Ihtended deiign. And the next morning, havini but little wind, came all to sail. The wind comioi againit them tlief put into Mushquash cove. And] the next day the wind being still against them, tht' Major with part of his forces landed, and emplo; themselves in ranging the country for the enefnyj but to no purpose. [But]^ in the night the wJ came pretty lair, and at twelve o'clock they came to sail. [They]* had not been out long 'before thej spied three sail of vessels; expecting them lobe French, fitted to defend themselves. So cominf near, hailed them, [andP found* them to be a man of war, the province galley, and old Mr. Alden^ int sloop, with more forces. Colonel Hathornef com- mander. Major Church went aboard the Commodore, when Colonel Hathorne was, who gave him an account o( his commission, and orders, and read them to him. Then his honour told Major Church, that there m a particular order on board Captain Southack for hiio, which is as foLloweth. [To Major Benjamin Church,] "Boston, September 9th, 1696. Sir, ^ His Majesty's ship Orford, having lately surprisd; a French shallop, with twentythree of the soldieni 1 [and] 9 [and] 3 [Who] * The same often mentioned in the preceding pages. S«t| note 3, on page 196. He was in 1693 imprisoned for witcH craft, and previously examined by Hawthorn, under whoinl he appears in Ihis expedition. See Hutchinson, II, 50, anil 94. t Col. John Hathorne or Hawthorn. This gentleniaiiH however unfit he might be to succeed Church, it is certaiil that he may now be better employed than when committinn witches at Salem. I learn little of him, Excepting what bV\ be seen in Hutchinson, and Calef. Perhaps he was a son oil William Hawthorn, the first speaker of the court of M«* fhosetts, upon record. Hist. Mas. 1, 150. He was auiteac; tive in these wars, also in the former. Nothing very brilli appears to have been performed under his command. FRENCH AND INDUN WABK 2^ [belonging to the fort upon Johnf river, in N^rrascotiv^ together with Villeau, their Captain, provklenccl leems to encourage tlie forming of an expeditkn t(^ ittack that fort, and to disrest and remove the enemy from that post, which is the chief source from whence [le most of our disasters do issMe, and also to fav<»ur ath an opportunity for gaining out of their hand» [|he ordnance, artillery, and other warlike stores, and )rovisions, lately supplied to them from Prance, for irectine a new fort near the river's month, whereby hey wul be greatly strengthened, and the reducing >f them rendered more difficult. I have therefore ordered a detachment of two new companies, con- sisting of about an hundred men to join the forces low with you for that expedition, and have commis- »onated Lieutenant Colonel John Hathorne, one of the members of his Majesty's council, who is ac- juainted with that river, and in whose courage and conduct I repose special trust to take the chief com- land of the whole, during that service, being well ^assured that your good affections and zeal for his |Majesty's service wUl induce your ready compliance ' ind assistance therein, which, I hope, will take up Ino long time, and be of great benefit and advantage Ito these his Majesty's territories, if it please God to succeed the same. Besides, it is very probable to be the fairest opportunity, that can be offered unto yourself and men, of doing execution upon the In- dian enemy and rebels, who may reasonably be ex- pected to be drawn to the defence of that fort. I have also ordered his Majesty's ship Arundel, and jthe province Galley to attend this service. Colonel Hathorne will communicate unto you the fcntents of his commission and instructions received from myself for this expedition, which I expect and order that yourself, officers and soldiers, now under you, yield obedience unto. He is to advise with yrmrself and others in all weighty attempts. Pray- ing for a blessing from Heaven upon the said cnt^^r- S40 FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. prise, and that all engaged in the same may be under the special protection of the Almighty. I am yourj loYing friend, i WILLIAM STOUGHTON." j The Major having read his last orders, and con. sidering his commission, found that he was obliged to attend all ordetb,* die, was much concerned that he and his were prevented in their intended projec- tion, if carried back to St. Johns. Then discoursing with Colonel Hathorne, gave him an account of what they had done at St. Johns, viz., that as to the de- molishing the new fort, they had done it ; and [had] got all their great guns and stores aboard their ves- 1 sels. And, that if it had not been that the waters I were so low, would have taken the. fort up the river | alsOj before he came away. Told him also, that one of the prisoners which he had taken at St. Johns, upon examination, concerning the Indians in those parts, told him, [that] it was as hard for Vilboon their Governour, to get one of their Indians down to the water side, as to carry one of those great guns upon his back. And that they had an account of him [Cliurch,] and his forces' coming to those parts by a prisoner out of Boston jail. Also, told his honour, that if they went back it would wholly disappoint them of their doing any further service, which was [what]^ they came for to Penobscot, and places ad- jacent. Biit all was to no purpose. His honour tell- i[that] • Church could not but be offended at such boyish conduct, which will more fully appear in the ensuing narration. Im- portant service, perhaps, might have been done in the exe- cution of the plan that Church and his forces were then about to enter upon. They would doubtless have relieved the east- ern people from their garrisons in which they had most of the year been shut up. The savages had hovered around the settlements from Pascataqua to their extent eastward, and had between the 7 May, and 13 October, killed and ta- ken about 84 of the inhabitants ; 24 being of the former num- ber. See Magnaiia, II, b49, 60. FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 24. ing the Major that he must attend his orders then received.* And to encourage the officers and soldiers, told them, [that] they should be wholly at the Major'H ordering ana command in the whole SECtion. And to be short did go back and the event may be seen in Colonel Hathorne's journal of the said action.f Only I must observe one thing by the way, which was, that when they drew off to come down the riv- er again, Colonel Hathorne came off and left the Ma- I jor behind to see that all the forces were drawn off. [And coming down the river, in or near the rear, in the night, heard a person halloo. Not knowing at * The superceding of Church, says Hutchinson, II, 94, " was rr. impolitic measure, unless any misconduct in Church [made it s? -essary that he should be superceded." Bui noiu- ineof t!> >. xlid is made appear, and can be accounted for, [only, by ^L.^|jOsinff that Stou^hton hac| not fully recoyerer [from the debility he had received in the late Witch Crusade t The journal of fiathorne, referred to, is undoubtedly llost, which we have to regret. Perhaps Hutchinson had ihe Fuse of it, as the account which he gives of the expedition is isomewhat particular. He mentions, II, 94, 5, that Villebon Ihad timely notice of their object, and the reinforcement ; and accordingly had made the best arrangements he could to re- [ceive them. They effected a landing on the 7 October, not {however without considerable opposition. The same day [they raised a battery, and planted two fieldpieces upon it. With these and their small arms they commenced an attsick upon the fo'rt, which was answered. The foUoWing night being very cold, the English made fires to keep them from I perishing. But this being a sure mark for the enemjr'g can- I non, were obliged to put them out, and safier the inclemency of the weather. Church's men suffering more extremely, being almost bare of clothing from t^eir long service. Dis- couragement now seized them, and they drew off the next I night. Mather makes no reflections on the planning and executing of this expedition. " The difficulty of the cold season so discouraged our men, that after the making of some few shot the enterprise found itself under too much \ congelation to proceed any further." So be sars, Magnalla, I n, 5&0. No account is given thai any wtte killed. 242 FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. first, but it might be a snare to draw them into ; but upon consideration, sent to see who or what he was, aod found hira to be a Negro man belonging to Mar- { blehead, that had been taken and kept a prisoner! amongst them for some time. The Major asked him, whether he could give any account of the Indians in those parts 9 He said Yes, they were or had been all drawn off from the sea coast, up into the woods i near an hundred miles. [They] having had an ac- count by a prisoner out of Boston jail, that Major Church and his forces were coming out against them in four brigantines, and four sloops, with twentyfour pettiaugerSf (meaning whale boats) which put them mto [such] a fright, that notwithstanding they were so far up in the woods, were afraid to make fires by | day, lest he and hi& forces should discover the sm(]4(es, and in the night lest they should see tlie light. - One thing more I would just give a hint of, that is, how the French in the eastward parts were mucli surprised at the motion of the whale boats. [They] said, [that] there was no abiding for them in that country. And I have been informed since, that soon after this expedition, they drew off from St. Johns fort and river. But to return. Then going all down the river, embarked and went homieward. Only by the way, candid reader, I would let you know of two things that proved very prejudicial to Major Church and his forces. The first was, that the government should miss it so much as to send any prisoner away from Boston before the expedition was over. Secondly, that they should send Colonel Hathorne to take them from the service and business they went to do ; who, by submis:3ion, doubtless thought [that] they ^d for the be^t though it proved to the contrary. So [I] sli^lT wind up with a just hint of what hap pencd at their coming home to Boston^ After all FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 2^^' their hiurd service both night and day, the govern- ment took away all the great guns and warlike stores and gave them not a penny for them (except it was some powder, and that they gave what they pleased for.) And besides the assembly passed a vole that they should have but half pay. But his honour the Lieutenant Governour being much disturbed at their so doing, went into the town house, where the representatives were sitting, and told them, except they did reassume that vote, which was to cut Major Church and his forces off their half pay, they should Isit there till the next spring. Whereupon it was re- lassumed. So that they had just their bare wages. [But as yet, never had any allowance for the great [guns and stores; neither has Major Church had any [allowance for all his travel and great expenses in [raising the said forces, volunteers. THE FIFTH AND LAST EXPEDITION EAST. In the year 1703-4, Major Church had an account lof the miserable devastations made on Deerfield,^ A [town in the westward parts of this province,f and the horrible barbarities, and cruelties exercised on those poor innocent people by the French and In- dians ; especially of their cruelties towards that wor- thy gentlewoman Mrs. Williams, and several others, whom they marched in that extreme see^on ; forcing them to carry great loads. And when any of them by their hard usage could not bear with it, [theyl were knocked on the head, and so killed in cool blood. All which, with some other horrible instan- ces done by those barbarous savages, which Major [Church himself was an eye witness to in his former travel in the eastward parts, did much astonish' liim. • A niore particular .account of the " Destruction of Deer- I field'* will be given in the IX Appendix to this history. t On Connecticut river, about 90 miles from Boston. 244 FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. To see a wdman that those barbarous savages had taken and killed, exposed in a most brutish man- ner (as can be expressed) with a young child seized fast with strings to her breast. [The]^ infant had no apparent wound, which doubtless, was left alive to suck its dead mother's breast, and so miserably to perish and die. Also to see other poor children hanging upon fences, dead, of either sex, in their own poor rags, not worth stripping them of, in scorn and derision. Another instance was, of a straggling soldier, who was found at Casco, exposed in a shameful and bar- barous manner. His body being staked up, ^is head cut off, and a hog's head set in the room ; his body ripped up, and his heart and inwards taken out, and private members cut off, and hung with belts of their own, the inwards at one side of his body, and hii privates at the other, in scorn and derision of the English soldiers, &c. \ These and such like barbarities caused Major Church to express himself to this purpose. That if he were commander in chief of these provinces, he would soon put an end to those barbarities, done by the barbarous enemy, by making it his whole bu- siness to fight and destroy those savages as they did our poor neighbours, which doubtless might have been done if rightly managed, and that in a short time, &,c. So that these with the late inhumanities done upon the inhabitants of Deerfield, made such an impression on his heart, as cannot well be express- ed. So that his blood bofled within him, making such impulses on his mind, that he forgot all former treatments, which we - enough to hinder any man, especially the said ^'. or Church, from doing an/ further service. Notwithstanding all which, having a mind to tako some satisfaction o . the enemy, his heart being full* took his horse and went from his own habitation, 1 [which] FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 243 near seventy miles, to wait upon his excellency, and offered his service to the Queen,* his excellency and the country ; which his excellency readily ac-- cepted of, and desired Major Church to draw a scheme for the ensuing action, or actions. So tak- ing leave went home, and drew it, whicfi is as fol- loweth. " Tiverton, February 5. 1703-4* May it phase your Excellency — According to yotr request, when I was last with yourself, and in ob 3 lience thereunto, I present you with these followir.g lines, that concern the prepara- tion for next spring's expedition, to attack the ene- my. According to my former direction ; for it is good to have a full stroke at them first, before they have opportunity to run for it. For the first of our action will be our opportunity to destroy them, and to prevent their running away, in waylaying every passage, and make them know we are in good earnest. Anid so we being in a diligent use of means, we may hope for a blessing from the Almighty, and tliat he will be pleased to put a dread in their hearts, that they may fall before us and perish. For my ad- vice is, « First. That ten or twelve hundred good able sol- diers, well equipped, be in a readiness fit for action, by the first of April at farthest ; for then will be the time to be upon action. Secondly. That five and forty or fifty, good whaleboats be had ready, well fitted with five good oars and twelve or fifteen good paddles to every boat. •"'■^■■"^^^^^■■'"^■^■"■■^— *■■"■ !■ ■ ■ I ■ ■ II , - . . 1 I, _, ■ ._ .Mil ^ !■■ « * Anne, who came to the throne of England in 1703. She reigned until her death in 1714, and then the line of Geor- ees commenced. This war which began in 1703 is general- ly called Queen Anne's war. Dr. Douglass calls it *' Dud- ley's Indian War." But this must be regarded as one of his loose denominations, for the war had already originated when Gov. Dudley entered upon his office. 246 FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. And upon the wale of each boat, five pieces of strong leather be fastened on each ^ 'de to slip five small ash bars through ; that so, whenever they land, the men may step overboard, and slip in said bars across, and take up said boat that she may not be hurt against the rocks. And that two suitable brass kettles be provided to belong to each uoat to dress the men's victuals in to make their lives comfortable. Thirdly. That four or jfive hundred pairs of good Indian shoes be made ready, fit for the service for the English and Indians, that must improve the whale boats and birch canoes ; for they will be very proper and dafe for that service. And let there be a good store of cow hides well tanned, for a supply of such shoes, and hemp to make thread, and wax to me"^ and make more such shoes when wanted, and a gouu store of awls. Fourthly. That there be an hundred large hatch- ets, or light axes, made pretty broad, and steeled with the best steel that can be got, and made by work- men, that [they] may cut very well, and hold, that the hemlock knots may not break or turn them, to widen the landing place up the falls. For it may happen that we may get up with some of our whale- boats to their falls or headquarters^ Fifthly. That there be a suitable quantity of small bags, or wallets provided, that every man that wants may have one to put up his bullets in, of such a size as will fit his gun, (and not be served as at . asco.^j That every man^s bag be so marked that he may not change it. For if so, it will make a great confusion in action. That every man's store of ball be weigh- ed to him, that so he may be accountable and may not squander it away and also his store of powder, that so he may try his powder and gun before action. And that every particular company may have a bar- * There most of their shot was so large that it was useless, only as it was hammered, and was not discovered until an engagement took place with the enemy. See page 166. FPJINCH AND IKDUN WAM. S47 tel of powder to themselves and so marked thst il may by no means be changed. That men may know oerorehand, and may not be cheated out of their lives, by havins bad powder, or not knowing how to use it. And this will prove a great advantage to the action. Sixthly. That Colonel John Gorham, if he may be prevailed with, may be concerned in the manage- ment of the whale boats, he having been formerly concerned in the eastern parts and experienced in that affair. And whalemen then will be very service- able in this expedition, which having a promise made to them, that they shall be released in good season, to go home a whaling in the fall, your excejlency will have men enough. Seventhly. That there may be raised for this ser- vice three hundred Indians at least, and more if they may be had; for I know certainly, of my own know- ledge that they exceed most of our English in hunt- ing and skulking in the woods, being always used to iU And it must be practised if ever we intend to destroy those Indian enemies. Eighthly. That the soldiers already out eastward in the service, men of known judgment, may take a survey of them and their arms, and see if their arms be good and they know how to use them in shooting right, at a mark, and that they be men of good reason and sense to know how to manage themselves in so difficult a piece of service as this Indian hunting is, for bad men are but a clog and hinderance to an army, being a trouble and vexation to good com- manders, and so many mouths to devour the country's provision, and a hinderance to all good actions. Ninthly. That special care be had in taking up the whaleboats that they be good, and fit for dial service, so that the country be not cheated as for- merly in having rotten boats and as much care that the owneis may have good satisfaction fo/ them. Tenthly„ That the tenders or transports, vesiolt 248 FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. to be improved in this action, be good decked vessels, not too big because of going up several rivers hav-l ing four or six small guns apiece for defence, and the fewer men will defend them, and there are! enough such vessels to be had. Eleventhly. To conclude all, if your excellency I will be pleased to make yourself great and us a hap- py people, as to the destroying of our enemies and easing of our taxes, <&c., be pleased to draw forth all those forces now in pay in all the eastward parts, both at Saco and Case o bay, for those two trading houses never did any good nor ever will, and arc not worthy the name of Queen's forts ; and the first building of them had no other effect but to lay us under tribute to that wretched pagan crew ; and I hope will never be wanted for that they were first built; [ — y^ but sure it is, they are very serviceable to them ; for they get many a good advantage of us to destroy our men and laugh at us for our folly, that we should be at so much cost and trouble to do a thing that does us so much harm, and no ni^anner of good : but to the contrary when they see all our for- ces drawn forth, and in prirsuit of them they will think that we begin to be roused up, and to be awake and will not be satisfied with what they have pleased to leave us, but are resolved to retake from them that they took formerly from us, and drive them out of their country also. The wMch being done, then to build a fort at a suitable time, and in a convenient place, and it will be very honourable to your excel- lency, and of great service to her Majesty, and to the enlargement of her Majesty's government (the place meant being at Portroyal.) Twelfthly. That the objection made against draw- ing off the forces in the eastward parts will bene damage to the inhabitants, for former experience teacheth us that so soon as drawn into their country, they will presently forsake ours to take care of their own* And thi^t there be no failure in making pre* iffor] FRENCH AND INDIAl^ WARS. 249 paration of these thinffs aforementioned ; for many times the want of small things prevents the complet- ing of great actions. And that every thing be in readiness before the forces be raised to prevent clmrges, and the enemy's having intelligence. And that the general court be moved to make suitable acts for the encouraging both English and Indians, that so men of business may freely offer estates and. concerns to serve the publick. Thus hoping what I have taken the pains to write in the sincerity of my heart, and good affection, will be well accepted, I mak j bold to subscribe as' I am, I your excellency's most devoted humble servant, BENJAMIN CHURCH.'* Then returning to his excellency, presented tho said scheme, which his excellency approved of, and returned it again to Major Church, and desired hink to see that every thing was provided ; telling hiia he should have an order from the commissary Gene- ral to proceed. Then returned home, and made it his whole business to provide oars and paddles, and a vessel to carry them round, and then returned again to his excellency, who gave him a commission w hie hi is as folio ^eth. " Joseph Dudley,* Esq., Captain General and Go^ vemour in Chief, in and over her Majesty's pro- * A son of Thomas Dudley, who came to America in 1680, and who has been celebrated for his bitterness against tolera- tion. Some poetry found in his pocket (says Morton, 151,) after his death, is so singular, and characteristirk of the times, that I mav be pardoned for so much digressing as \^ i nsert a clause of it. " Let men of Gk>d in courts and churches watch O'er auch 01 do a toleration hatch ; Leit that ill eg(| bring forth a cockatrice. To poison all with hereny and vice. If men be left, and otherwise combine, My ep^aph's, Idy'dno libertine.'* The subject of this note was born in 1647, graduate^ at Harvard College, 1665, and is said to have been eminent Cov S50 FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. vinoe of the Masaachtuetta bay, in J^/'ewtnglmA in AmeHca^ and Vice Admiral of the aamey To Benjamin Church, Esq., Greeting, By virtue of the power and authority, in and bj her Majesty's royal commission, to me granted, I do by these presents, reposing special trust and conii- dence in your loyalty, courage, and good conduct, constitute and appoint you to be Colonel of all the forces raised, and to be raised for her Majesty's ser- vice, against the French and Indian enemy and rebeli, that sluill be improved in the service to the eastward of Casco bay ; and to be Captain of the first conh pany of the said forces. You are therefore carefully and diligently to perform the duty of a Colonel an:! Captain, by leading, ordering and exercising the said regiment and company in arms, both inferiour ofii* cers and soldiers ; and to keep them in good order and discipline. Hereby commanding them to obey you as their Colonel and Captain ; and with them to do and execute all acts of hostility against the said enemy and rebels. And you are to observe and fol- low such orders and directions as you shall receive from myself, or other, your superiour officer, accord- ing to the rules and discipline of war, pursuant to the trust reposed in you. Given under my hand and his learning. He was a commissioner in Philip's war, and his name may oe seen among them at the head of the long treat? with the Narragansets, in July, 1675. When Andross ms Governour, Mr. Dudley was president of the council, and - was seized upon as belonging to his party, and imprisoned for some time, and treated with inhumanity. , Being sent for by King William, he embarked in Feb., 1689. The next year he was sent over as chief justice or Newyork, but li« was never satisfied any where but in the government of Mas- sachusetts. He therefore exerted himself to injure Gover- nour Phii>s, expecting to succeed him ; but the people pre' vented him by procuring the appointment of tne Earl of BellomoBt, whose premature death gave him his beloved of* fiee, in which he continued from 1702 to 1716. Gov. Shttia succeeded him, and he died in 4720, aged 73. FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 251 Iseal at arras, at Boston, the 18th day of March, in the third year of her Majesty's reign. Anno Dom. 11703-4. J. DUDLEY. [By hia Excellency's command. Isaac Ai>dinoton, iSecr." Colonel Church no sooner received his commis- don, but proceeded to the raising of men, volun- [teers, by going into every town within the three jounties,* which were formerly Plymouth Tovem- tcnt ; advising with the chief officer of each com- >any, to call his company together, that so he mi^^ht lavc the better opportunity to discourse and c^icour ige them to serve their dueon and country. Treat- ing them with drink convenient, told them, [that] he lid not doubt but with God's blessing to bring thcri u\ home again. All which with many other arg v inents, animated their hearts to do service. So, that .'Olonei Church enlisted, out of sonic companies, near Lwenty men, and others fifteen. He having raised a sufficient number of Englii h ioldlers, proceeded to the enlisting of Indians, in all those parts where they dwelt, which was a great fa- Itigue and expense ; being a people that need much Itreating, especially with drink, &c. Having enlist- Icd the most of his soldiers in those parti, vho daily [lay upon him, [and] was not less than fiv .^ pounds per day expenses, some days in victuals and drink ; vvho doubtless thought, (especially the English) that the country would have reimburscjd it again, other- [wise they would hardly [have] accepted it of liim.. . Colonel Church's soldiers, both English and In- [dians, in those parts, being raised, marched them all . Plymouth, Barnstable, and Bristol. This division was made m 1685, which before were all in one. Supplement to Morton, 307. 252 FRENCH AND INDUN WARS. down to Nantasket,^ according to his excellency's directions. Where being come, the following gen- tlemen were commissionated to be commanders of each particular company, viz., Lieutenant Colonel Gorham, Captains, John Brown, Constant Church, James Cole, John Dyer, John Cook, Caleb William- son, and Edward Church, of the forces raised by Co- lonel Church ; each company being filled up with English and Indians as they agreed among them- selves, and by the Colonel's directions. Captain Lamb, and Captain Mirick's company, which were raised by his excellency's direction, were ordered to join those aforesaid, under the command of Colonel Church. Matters being brought thus far on. Colonel Church i^*aited upon his excellency at Boston to know his pleasure, what farther measures were to be taken; and did humbly move that they might have liberty in their instructions to make an attack upon Portroyal. Being very well satisfied in his opinion, that with the blessing of God, with what forces they had, or should have ; and whaleboats so well fitted with oars and paddles, as they had with them, might be suffi- cient to have taken it. His excellency (looking up- on Colonel Church) replied, [that] " he could not admit of that, by reason, [thuij he had, by the advice of her Majesty's council, writ to her Majesty about the taking of Portroyal fort, and how it should be disposed of when taken," &c. However Colonel Church proceeded to get every thing ready for the forces down at Nantasket, which was the place of parade. He happening one day to be at Captain Belch- • The entrance into Boston harbour, south of the light- house. The winter of 1696 was so severe, that sleds and tleighs frequently passed from Boston to Nantasket upon the ice. The island of this name was the place of rendezvous, and is nine miles from Boston. It contains the present town of Hull, and is connected to Hingham by a dam. FRENCH AND INDIAN WAKS. 253 cr's,* where his excellency happened to come. [He]* was pleased to order Colonel Church to put on his sword, and walk with him up the common, which he readily complied with. Where being come, he saw two mortar pieces with shells, and an engineer trying with them, to throw a shell firom them to anv spot of ground where he said it should fall ; which when Colonel Church had seen done, gave him great encouragement, and hopes [that] that would promote their going to Portroyal, which ne had solicited for. And returning from thence, after they had seen them tried by the said engineer, and performing what was proposed, [and] coming near to Captain William Clark's house, over against the horse shoe, his ex- cellency was invited by Captain Clark to walk over and take a glass of wine, which he was pleased to accept of, and took Colonel Church with him And in the time they were taking a glass of 'vnne. Colonel Church once more presumed to say to his excellen- cy ; " Sir, I hope that now we shall go to Portroyal in order to take it ; those mortars being very suita- ble for such an enterprise." His excellency was pleased to reply ; " Colonel Church, you must say no more of that matter, for the letter I told you of^ I writ by the advice of her Majesty's council, now lies at home on the board before the Lords coipmis- sioners of her Majesty's foreign plantations," &,c. After some days, every thing being ready to em- bark, Colonel Church received his instructions, which are as follows : *' By his excellency Joseph Dudley, Esq., Captain General and Govemour in Chiefs in and over her Majesty'* s province of the Massachusetts bay, fyc, in JVewengland, and Vice Admiral of the same. ■ 1 [who] * Captain Andrew Belcher of Cambridge, and father of Governour Belcher, I suspect is meant. See page 63, note S. 354 FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS fnstrUctions for Colonel Benjamin Church in the preserU Expedition, . In pursuance of the commission given you to take tne chief command of the land and sea forces by me raised, equipped and sent forth on her Ma- jesty's service, against her open declared enemies, the French and Indian rebels. You are to observe the following instructions. First. You are to take care, that the duties of religion be attended on board the several vessels, and in the several companies under your command, by daily prayers unto God, and reading his holy word. And that the Lord's day be observed and duly sanc- tified to the utmost of your power, as far as the cir- cumstances and necessity of the service can admit, that so you may have the presence of God with, and obtain his blessing on, your undertaking. You are to take care, that your soldiers have their due allowance of provisions and other necessaries; that their arms be well fixed, and kept fit for service, find that they be furnished with a suitable quantity of powder and ball, and be always in readiness to pass upon duty. That good order and discipline be maintained ; and all disorders, drunkenness, profane swearing, curs- ing, omission or neglect of duty, disobedience to of- ficers, mutiny, desertion, and sedition be duly pun- ished, according to the rules and articles of war; the which }'ou are once a month or oftener, to cause xto be published, and made known to your officers and soldiers for their observance and direction in their duty. Let notorious and capital offenders be sent away to the next garrison, there to be imprison* ed until they can be proceeded with. Let the sick and wounded be carefully looked af- ter, and accommodated after the best manner your circumstances will admit of, and be sent either to Casco fort, or to Mr. Peperel's at Kittery, which may be easiest, so soon as you can. FRENCH ASD INDIAN WARS. 255 You are forthwith to send away the forces and stores by the trar^sf rts, with the whaleboats to Pis- cataqua, on Kitttiy side there to attend your com- ing whither you are to follow them with all expedi- tion. You are to embark in the province galley, Captain Southack commander, and Lieutenant Colonel Gor- ham go on board Captain Gallop ; who are both di- rected to attend your motion on the French side, after which they are to return. Let the commanders of all the store sloops and transports know that they sail, anchor and serve at your direction. When you sail from Piscataqua, keep at such dis- tance off the shore, that you be not discovered fcy the enemy to alarm them. Stop at Montinicus,* and there embark the forces in the whaleboats for the main, to rango that part of the country, in search of the enemy, to Mountdesart, sending the vessels to meet you there ; and after having refreshed and re- cruited your soldiers, proceed to Machias, and from thence to Passamequado ; and having effected what spoils you possibly may, upon the enemy in ^ those parts, embark on your vessels for Menis and Signec- to, to Portroyal gut ; and use all possible methods for the burning and destroying of the enemies houses, and breaking the dams of their corn grounds in the said several places, and make what otl^er spoils you can upon them, and bring away the prisoners. In your return call at Penobscot and do what you can there, and so proceed westward. This will probably employ you a month, or six weeks ; when you will draw together again, and by the latter end of June, consider whether you can march to Norrigwack, or other parts of their plant- ing, to destroy their corn and settlements and keep ^ An island considerable distance from the coast of Maine, and the same, I suppose, called Martinicus or Mertinicas on the late mapB. It )s 15 or 30 miles from Vinalhavcn ishind at tLi' mouth of the Penobscot. 256 FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. the expedition on foot until the middle of August next. - Notwithstanding the particularity of the aforego. ing instruction, I lay you under no restraint, because I am well assured of your courage, care, caution and industry ; but refer you to your own resolves, by the advice of your commission officers, not under the de- sree of Captains, and the sea commission Captains (whom you will, as often as you can, advise with) ac- cording to the intelligence you may receive, or as you may find needful upoft tiie spot. You are by every opportunity, and once a week certainly, by some means either by way of Casco, Ptscataqua, or otherwise to acquaint me of your pro- ceedings and all occurrences, and what may be fur- ther necessary for the service. And to observe such further and other instructions as you shall receive from myself. As often as you may, advise with Captain Smith and Captain Rogers, commanders of her Majesty's ships. ^ Let your minister, commissary, and surgeons be treated with just respects. I pray to God to preserve, prosper and succeed you. Criven under my hand at Boston, the fourth day of May, 1704. J. DUDLEY." Pursuant to his instructions he sent away his trans- ports find forces* to Piscataqua, but was obliged himself to wait upon his excellency by land to Pis- cataqua in order to raise more forces in the way thither ; and did raise a company under the command of Captain Harridon.f Taking care to provide a * This collected armament consisted of 550 soldiers, in H small transports, and was provided with S6 whale boats, and but his own sisnatlire to the resolve before Portroyal is Ha^ radon. No otner mention is made of him in the Indian yvi t-*^- *. aave seen. FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 257 pilot for them in the bay of Fundy. (Colonel Church being directed to one Fellows whom he met with at Ipswich.) And going from thence to Piscataqua with his excellency, was there met by that worthy gentleman, Major Winthrop Hilton,* who was ve^r helpful to him in the whole expedition, whose name and memory ought not to be forgot. Being ready to embark from Piscataqua, Colonel [Church requested the commanders of her Majesty's ships, Captain Smith,t and Captain Rogers! to tarry at Piscataqua a fortnight, that so they mignt not be [discovered by the enemy before he had done some [spoil upon them. Then moving^ in their transports, |as directed, got safe into Montinicus,|| undiscovered )y the enemy , Next morning early, fitted out two \rhaleboats with men, Captain John Cook in one, md Captain Constant Church in the other, and sent them to Green islandlT upon a discovery. And com- ing there, they parted, one went to one part, and the )ther to the other part, that so they might not miss ■'♦■ * Abundant materials are preserved for a biography of this _;entleinan. He was a direct descendant of one of the first lettlers of Newhampshire in 1623. He was a successful offi- ter, but like many others was doomed to fall by savage hands, [n addition to what is found in this history, and Penhallow's Indian Wars, a memoir may be seen in I of Farmer and Moore's Col. 241, 251. He was engaged in the masting busi- less in Exeter, where he lived, and having some fine trees fallen in the woods, went with 17 men to peel the bark off, lo save them from the worms ; but a party of Indians, on k3 June, 1710, fired upon them from an ambush^ and killed |he Colonel and two more. Colonel Daniel PlumcF of Ep- )inff, informs me that the place where they were killed is |n the present town of Epping, N. H. Perhaps not far from rhat iis now called the mast way. t Commander of the Jersey frigate. t Commander of the frigate Gosport. § May 15. || See note on page 255. IT A fonall woody island about 5 miles south easterly fron (ontinicus. 258 FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. of whU could be discovered. [Here]^ they met witli j old Lafaure,* with his two sons, Thomas andTiino<| thy, and a Canada Indian. The enemy seeing that they were discovered, threw | down their ducks and eggs, who had got a consider- able quantity of each, and ran to their canoes, getting I into them, stood directly for the niain. [On] look- j ing behind them perceived the whaleboats to gain so fast upon them, clapt side by side, and all four got into one canoe, which proved of little advantage to them. For the whaleboats gained so much upoo them, and got so near, that Captain Cook, firing at the steersman, which was the Indian, and happened to graze his skull, and qufte spoiled his paddling. Upon which old Lafaure, and sons, seeing their com- panion's condition, soon begged for quarter, and had it granted. The two Captains with their success presently returned to their commander taking care that their captives should not discourse together be- fore they were examined. When brought to Colonel Church, he ordered them to be apart, and first pro- ceeded to examine old Lafaure, whom he found to be very surly and cross ; so that he could gain no intelligence by him. Upon which the commander was resolved to put in practice what he had formerly done at Senecto.f Ordering the Indians to make two large heaps of dry wood,-at some distance one from the other, and to set a large stake in the ground, close to each heap. Then [he] ordered the two sons Thomas and Timo- thy, to be brought, and to be bound to the stakes; also ordering his Indians to paint themselves with co- lours, which they had brought for that use. Then the Colonel proceeded to examine, first Timothy; 1 [where] • Penhallow, 83, in N. H. Hist. Col. I, calls himMonsiew Lafebure. . t The place, which on page 338, is spelt Senactaca. See bote 3 of that page. FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS*. 359 r success The]^ told him, [that] he had examined his fatlier already, and that if he told him the truth he would [save his life, and take him into his service; and that ie should have good pay and live well. He answer- jd, that he would tell him the truth. And [accord- bngly] gave him an account of every thing [jthat] he £new, which was all minuted down. He bemg ask- }d whether his brother Thomas did not know more than he? His answer was, yes, for his brother Tho- las had a commission sent him from the Governour* )f Canada, to command a company of Indians, who rere gathered together at a place where some French rentlemen, lately arrived from Canada, who were )fficers, to command the rest that were to go west- ward to fight the English ;f and that there was sent lo his father, and brother Tom, a considerable quan- [ity of flour, fruit, ammunition and stores, for the |upply of the said army. He being asked whether le could pilot our forces to them *? said no ; but lis brother Tom could, for he had hid it, and that he ras not then with him ^ The Colonel asked him what [entlemen those were that came from Canada 9 He 1 [and] • • Vaudreuil. t This is supposed by the historian of Newhampshire, to |e the army of which Penhallow gives an account ; who lutinied in their march " about the plunder that they had 1 view ; forgetting^^ the proverb about dividing the skin be- >re the bear was killed." In consec[uence of their mutiny lost of them returned ; but a subdivision of' them fell upon Lancaster and Groton, killed two or three persons, and got pme plunder. But this army does not correspond with the tatement given by Dr. Belknap. See pa^e 161, note 3. Lfter Mr. Penhallow has got quite through with the expedi- lon of Church, and the affair under ". Mr. Caleb Lyman" at pe westward, he says, " The French in Canada were now ^rming another design on Northampton." Now it appears »me, that the Doctor is out in his conjecture, and that the pmy mentioned by Penhallow was not the one mentioned by ir author. 4nd had he looked into Dr., Douglass, Summa r, I, 557, he would have found more particulars about it. 860 FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. answered, " Monsieur Gourdon,^ and Mr. Sharkce." Being asked where they were ? answered, ** At Pas-I samaquado, building a fort there." Being also asked I what number of Indians and French there were a) Penobscot? he answered, [that] there were several families, but they lived scattering. Asked him farJ ther, if he would pilot our forces thither 9 [He] an-l swered [that] he would if the commander would notl let the savages roast him. Upon which the Colond ordered him to be loosed from the stake, and tool him by the hand, told him, he would be as kind to him as his own father; at which he seemed to btl very thankful. And then the Colonel proceeded to examine hii | brother Tom. [He]^ told him that he had examined his father and brother; and that his brother had told him every tittle [that] he knew ; and that he kneir more than his brother Timothy did; and that if i he would be ingenuous and confess all he knew, lie should fare as well as his brother. But if not, the savages should roast him. Whereupon he soleroDlf| promised that he would, and that he would pilot [ to every thing he knew, to the value of a knife i sheath (which without doubt he did.) Then the Colonel immediately gave orders for tbej whaleboats to be ready, and went directly over where the said goods and stores were, and found themai informed, took them on board the boats, and retunhj ed to their transports. And ordering provisions be put into every man's knapsack for six or eightdajs;! so in the dusk of the evening left their transport^ with orders how they should act, and went directlj for the main land of Penobscot, and mouth of that | 1 [and] • Guorden appears to be the true orthography of this nan* He was afterward taken as will presently be seen. SharkJ made a very narrow escape with his wife into the wm* Penhallow, 17v says he was taken, but he must be mistake This errourirnot noted in the N. H. Hist. Soc. CoL Se» page 24. FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS 261 river, with their pilots, Tom and Timothy, who car- ried them directly to every place and habitation, both of French and Indians thereabouts, (with the as-* sistance of one De Young* whom they carried out of Boston jail for the same purpose, [and he]* was ser- viceable to them.) Being there we killed and took every one, both French and Indians; not knowing that any one did escape in all Penobscot. Among those that were taken was St. Casteen's daughter, lyho said that her husband was gone to France, to her father, Monsieur Casteen.f She having her children With her, the commander was very kind to her and them. All the prisoners that were then taken, held to one stor^ in general, which they had from Lafaure's sons, [viz.,] that there were no more Indians thereabouts, but enough of them at Passamequado. Upon which they returned to their transports with their prisoners and plunder. • The commander giving order immediately for the soldiers in the whaleboats to have a recruit of pro- visions for a further pursuit of the enemy. Giving 0. ders to the transports to stay a few days more there, and then go to Mountdesart, (and there to stay for her Majesty's ships, who were directed to come thither,) and there to wait his further order. Then Colonel Church ivith his forces immediately embarked on board their whaleboats, and proceeded to scour the coast, and to try, if they could discover any of the enemy coming from Passamequado ; mak- ing their stops in the day time at all the points and places where they were certain [that] the enemy would land, or come by with their canoes, and at I night to their paddles. Then coming near where the i[who] • In Penhallow, 17, his name is written D'Young and nat D. Yoang as reprinted in Col. N. H. Hist. Soc. I, S8. t Baron De St. Castine. See note 1, on page 164. 202 FR£NCH AND INDIAN -WARS. V6Meb were ordered to come, having made no dig. coverjr of the enemy, went directly to Mountdesart, where the transports were just come. And taking some provisions for his soldiers, gave directions for the slups and transports in six days to come directly I to Passamequado, where they should find him and his forces. Then inmiediately moved aw^ in the whaleboats, and made diligent search along shore, as formerly, inspecting all places where the enemy was likely to lurk : Particularly at Machias, but found neither fires nor tracks. Coming afterwards to the west har- bour at Passamequado, where they entered upon ac' tion. An account whereof Colonel Church did com- municate to his excellency, being as followeth. ^* May it please your Excellency, I received yours of this instant, October ninth, With the two inclosed informations, that concern my actions at Passamequado, which I will give a just and true account of, as near as possibly I can, viz On the seventh of June last, 1704, in the evening, we entered in at the westward harbour at said Pas- samequado.- Coming up said harbour to an island, where landiil^, we came to a French house, and took a French womai and children. The woman upon her examination, said her husband was abroad a Qshing. I asked her, whether there were any Indians there- abouts *? she said * Yes, there were a great many, and several on that island.' I asked her, whether she could pilot me to them? said 'No, they hid in the woods.' I asked her, when she saw them •? answer- ed, * Just now, or a little while since.' I asked her whether she knew where they had laid the canoes 1 she answered * No, they carried their canoes into the woods with them.' We then hastened away along shore, seizing what prisoners we could, taking old Lotiiel and his family. This intelligence caused me to leave Colonel Gor* FRENCH AND INDIAN WARi 363 nam, and a considerable part of my men, and boats with him at that island; partly to guard and secure those prisoners. Being sensible it would be a great trouble to have them to secure and guard at our next landing, where I did really expect, and hoped to have I an opportunity, to fight our Indian enemies. For all our French prisoners that we had taken at Penobscot, and along shore, had informed us, that when we came to the place where these Canada gentlemen lived, we should certainly meet with the savages to fight us ; those being the only men that set the In- Idians against us, or upon us, and were newly come [from Canada, to manage the war against us. (Plead- ling in this account and information their own inno- IcencyJ And partly in hopes that he, the said Co- |lonel dorham, would have a good opportunity in the lorning to destroy some of those our enemies, (we ^ere informed [of,] by the said French women as ibove) with the use of his boats as I had given di- rection. Ordering also Major Hilton to pass over to the lext island, that lay east of us with a small party of len and boats, to surprise and destroy any of the ineiny, that in their canoes might go here and there, from any place, to make their flight frpm us ; and, 18 he had opportunity, to take any French prisoners. We then immediately moved up the river, in the lark night, through great difficulty, by reason of the jddies and whirlpools, made with the fierceness of the current. And here it may be hinted, that we nad information, that Lotriel had lost part of his family passing over to the next island, falling into bne of those eddies were drowned,, which the two pi- lots told to discourage me. But I said nothing of mat nature shall do it. For I was resolved to ven- [ure up, and therefore, forthwith paddling our boats privately as we could, and with as much expedi- [ion as we could make with our paddles, and the lelp of a strong tide, we came up to Monsieur Gour- 26 \ FRENCH AND INDIAN WAB3. dan's a little before day. Where taking aotice of the shore, and finding it somewhat open and clear, I ordered Captain Mirick and Captain Colo, having English companies, to tarry with several of the boati to be ready, that if any of the enemy should come down out of the brush into the bay (it being veri broad in that place) with their canoes, they might take and destroy them. Ordering the remainder of the army, (being land- ed,) with myself aiid the other officers, to march up into the woods With a wide front, and to keep at a considerable distance ; for that if they should run in heaps, the enemy would have the greater advantage. And further directing them, that if possible, the/ should destroy the enemy with their hatchets, and not fire a gun. This order I always gave at land- ing ; telling them the inconveniency of firing, io that it might be, first, dangerous to themselves, thej oeing many of them young soldiers. (As I had sometime observed, that one or two guns being fired many others would fire, at they knew not what, aj happened presently ailer.) And it would alarm tlie enemy, and give them the opportunity to make their escape ; and it might alarm the whole country, and also prevent all further action from taking effect. Orders being thus passed, we moved directly to- wards the woods. Le Faver's* son directing us to 8 little hut or wigwam, which we immediately surround- ed with a few men. The rest marching directly up into the woods, to see what wigwams or huts they could discover. Myself made a little stop, ordering | the pilot to tell them in the hut, that they were sur- rounded with an army, and that if they would come forth and surrender themselves, they should have good quarter ; but if not, they should be all knocked on the head and die. One of them showed himself, [and] I asked who ■ ■ ■ ■ I ■ ' * The same, who in the late preceding pages if called Lf faure. Sec note 1 , on page 258. French and indian wars. 305 he wat ? He eaid * Gourdon f and begged for quar* ter. I told him he should have good quarter ; add- ing further, that if there were any more in the houie, they should come out. Then came out two inen. Gourdan said, they were his sons, and asked quarter for them, which was also granted. Then came out a woman, and a little boy. She fell upon her knees, begged quarter for herself and children, and that I DUl would not suiTer the Indians to kill them. I told thbm they should have ffoorder, so many of the army in a crowd to- gether, acting so contrary to my command and diJ lection, exposing themselves and the whole army to litter ruin, by their so disorderly crowding thick to- 1 gether. Had an enemy come upon them in that in- terim, and fired a volley amongst them, they could I not have missed a shot. And wholly neglecting their duty in not attending my orders, in searching diligently for our lurking enemies in their wigwamJ Or by their fires, where I had great hopes, and real | ^expectations to meet with them. I most certainly know that I was in an exceeding great passion ; but not with those poor miserable enemies ; for I took no notice of a half a dozen of the enemy, when at the same time I expected to be engaged with some hundreds of them ; of whom m \ nad a continued account, who were expected from Portroyal side. In this heat of action, every wor(l| that I then s[K)ke, I cannot give an account of; and I presume it is impossible. I stopped but little here, but went directly up in- to the woods, hoping to be better employed with tlie ] rest of the army. I listened to hear, and looked earnestly to see what might be the next action But meeting with many of the soldiers they told mel [that] they had discovered nothing; we fetching J j small compass round, came down again. It being pretty dark, I took notice, [that] I si two men lay dead, as I thought, at the end of the I house where the door was; and iounediately the ners. ■i^iB, that greatly exceeded the number of b^aown array i This was in a barbarous age ; beine 200 years before lii( settlement of Newengland. H ence it would have been mucl easier for bim to excuse our hero than the enemy. Forac* cording to the usages of war, ne would have been justified in putting to death prisoners at such a critical time. But the« were enemies who would not submit ; or what amounted to the same thing, they would not come out of their hoWf when ordered by the forces, . ra£NCH AND INDIAN WARS. iG7 guns went off, and they fired every man, as I thoug! f , and most towards that place where I left the guard with Monsieur Gourdan. I had much ado to stop the firing, and told them, I thought they were mad ; and [that] I believed they had not killed and wound ed less than forty or fifty of our own men. And I asked them what they shot at 9 they answered, * At a Frenchman that ran away.' But to admiration no man was killed but he, [the Frenchman] and one of our men wounded in the leg. And I turning about, a Frenchman spoke to me, and I gave him quarter. Daylight cominj on, and no discovery made of the enemy, I went to the place where I had left Mon- sieur Gourdan, to examine him and his sons, who agreed in their examinations ; told me two of their* men were abroad. It proved a damage. And further told me, that Monsieur Sharkee lived several leagues up, at the head of the river, at the falls, and all the Indians were fishing, and tending their corn there ; and that Monsieur Sharkee had sent down to him, to come up to him, to advise about the In- dian army* that was to go vi'estward. But he had returned him answer, [that] his business was urgent, and he could not come up ; and that Sliarkee, and the Indians would certainly be down that day, or the next at the furthest, to come to conclude of that matter. This was a short night's action, and all sensible men do well know, that actions done in the dark, (being in the night aforesaid) under so many dif- nculties, as we then lai)oured as before related, was a very hard task for one man, matters being cir- cumstanced as in this action, which would not admit of calling a council ; and at that time could not be confined thereunto. At which time I was transport- ed above fear, or any sort of dread ; yet, being sensi- ble of the danger in my army's crowding so thick togetfier, and of the great duty incumbent on mo, -4 * See note 3, of page ^59, '»■■ 368 FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS; to preserve them from nil danger [that] I possibly could, for further improvement m the destruction of cur implacable enemies, am ready ^o conclude, that I was very quick and absolute in giving such com- mands and orders, as I then apprehended most pro- per and advantageous. And had it not been for the intelligence I had received from the French, we took at Penobscot, as before hinted ; and the false report [that] the French women (first took) gave me, I had not been in such haste. [question not, but those Frenchmen that were slain, nad the same good quarter of other prisoners. But I ever looked on it, a good providence of Alraightj God, that some few of our cruel and bloody enemies were made sensible of their bloody cruelties, perpe- trated on my dear and loving friends and countrymen; and that the same measure (in part) meeted to them, s they had been guilty of, in a barbarous manner at Deerfield ; and, I hope, justly. I hope God Almighty will accept hereof, although it may not be eligible to our French implacable enemies, and such others as are not our friends. . The foregoing journal, and this short anne.\ment. I thought it my duty to exhibit, for the satisfaction of my friends and countrymen, whom I very faithfully and willingly served in the late exp^ition. And I hope will find acceptance with your excellency, the honourable council and Representatives now assem- bled, as being done from the zeal I had in the siiiil service of her Majesty, and her good subjects here. I remain your most humble and obedient servant, BENJAMIN CHURCH." This night's service being over, immediately Col- onel Church leaves a sufficient guard with Gourdun and the other prisoners, moved in some whaleboats with the rest ; and as they were going, spied a . gmall thing upon the water at a great distance, which proved to be a birch canoe with two Indians in her FRENCH AND INDIAN WARI 269 The Colonel prese!lit!y ordered the lightest boat he nad, to make the best of her way, and cut them off from the shore. But the Indians perceiving their de- sign, ran their canoe ashore and fled. Colonel Church fearing [that] they would run directly to Sharkee, made all the expedition imaginable. But it being ebb, and the water low, was obliged to land, and make the be»t of their way through the woodsj hoping to intercept the Indians, and get to Sharkee's house before them, which was two miles from where our forces landed. The Colonel being ancient and unwieldy, desired Sergeant Edee to run with him. And coming to several trees fallen; which he could not creep under, or readily get over, would lay his breast against th'3 tree, the said Edee turning him over, generally had eatluck, falling on his feet, by which means [he] Kept in the front. And coming near to Sharkee's .^use, discovered some French and Indians making a wear* in the river, and presently discovered the two Indians aforementioned, who called to them at work in the river, [and] told them, [that] " there was an army of English an Indians just by.' [They]^ im- mediately left their work and ran. endeavouring to get to Sharkee's house. [He]' hearing the noise, took his lady and child and ran into tha wooc's. Our men running briskly, fired and kille't one of Jie In- dians, and took the rest prisoners. Then going to Sharkee's house found a woman and child, to whom they gave good quarter. And find- ing that Madam Sharkee had left her silk clothes and fine linen behind her, our forces were desirous to have pursued and taken her. But Colonel Church forbade them ; saying he would have her run and sufTer, that she might be made sensible, what hardships oui- poor people had suffered by them, &c. [He] then pro- _ 1 [who] s [who] * Or, wier, a rack to catch fish in. 270 FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. ceeded to examine the prisoners newly taken, who gave him the same account [that] he had before, of the Indians being up at the falls, &c. It being just night, prevented our attacking them that night. But next morning early, they moved up to the falls, which was about a mile higher. But doubtless the enemy had some intelligence by the two aforesaid In dians, before our forces came, so that they all got on the other side of the river, and left some of their goods by the water side to decoy our men, that so they might fire upon them ; which indeed they effect- ed. But through the good providence of God, never a man of ours was killed, and but one slightly wound- ed. After a short dispute. Colonel Church ordered that every man might take what they pleased of the fish, which lay bundled up, and to burn the rest, which was a great quantity. The enemy seeing what our forces were about, and that their stock of fish was destroyed, and the season being over for getting any more, set up a hideous cry, and so ran all away into the woods. They being all on the other side of the river, ours could not follow^ them. Having done, our forces marched down to their boats at Sharkee's, and took their prisoners, beaver, and other plunder which they had got, and put it into their boats, and went down to Gourdan's house, where they had left Lieutenant Colonel Gorham, and Major Hilton, with part of the forces to guard the prisoners, (and kept a good look out for more of the enemy) who upon the Colonel's return, gave him an account that they had made no discovery of the enemy since he left them, &c. Just then her Majesty's ships and transports arriv- ing, the commanders of her Majesty's ships told Col- onel Church, that they had orders to go directly for Portroyal gut, and wait the coming of some store ships,* which were expected at Portroyal from France • No ships arrived, or at least, we have no account of any. Holmes, 11, 65, mentions, sub anno 1705, that a rich sinF FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS, 211 And Colonel Church advising with them, proposed that it was very expedient and serviceable to the crown, that Captain Southack in the Province galley- should accompany them, which they did readily ac- quiesce with him in. Upon which, the Colonel immediately embarked his K>rces on board the transports, and himself on board Captain Jarvis, ordering the commissary of the stores, the minister, surgeons and pilots all to embark on board the same vessel with him. Ordering all the whaleboats to be put on board the transpqrts, and then to come to sail. The ships standing away for Portroyal gut, and Colonel Church with the trans- ports for Menis. In their way the Colonel inquired of their pilot. Fellows, what depth of water there was in the creek, near the town of Menis 9 he answered him, that there was water enough, near the town, to float that vessel, they were in, at low water. 80, when coming -ear. Colonel Church observed a A'oody island between them and the town, that they ran up on the back side of, (the said island) with all their transports, undiscovered to the enemy, and came to anchor. Then the Colonel and ail his for- ces embarked in the whaleboats. It being late in the day, [they] moved directly for the town ; and in the way askerl for the pilot, who, he expected, was in one of the boats ; but he had given him the slip, and tar- ried behind. The Colonel not knowing the difficul- ties tliat might attend their going up to the town, im- mediately sent Lieutenant Giles, who could speak French, with a flag of truce up to the town, (with a named the Siene, was ta'icen, the preceding autumn, by the English ; and that she was bound to Quebeck, with a eAr|;o amounting to nearly a million of livres. But this was m June, hence it does not agree with the supposition that said ship was taken by Church's convoy. He cites Charlevoix, and the Universal History. Dr. Douglass, I, 557, in this, as well as many other cases, comes happily to our relief. He informs us, that this ship " was taken by an English Vif- ginia Fleet." ,. /, .^ . r ^ trj i\ii /•"t; W.'tviT 272 FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. .:¥■ summons, which was written before they landed,) ex* pecting their surrender, which is as foHoweth. " Aboard her Majesty^a Ship Adventure^ near the gui of MeniSy June. 20^110^. An agreement made by the field officer $ commanding her Majesty^a forcea for the preaent eoepedition againat the French enemieaf and Indian rebels. Agreed, that a declaration or summons be sent on shore at Menis and Portroyal, under a flag of truce. . Particularly, we do declare to you, the many cruel- ties and barbarities that you and the Indians have been guilty of towards us, in laying waste our coun- try here in the east at Casco, and the places adja- cent. Particularly, the horrid action at Deerfield, this last winter, in killing, massacreing, murdering and scalping, without giving any notice at all, or op- portunity to ask quarter at your hands ; and, after all, carrying the remainder into captivity in the height of winter, (of which they killed many in the journey) and exposed the rest to the hardships of cold and famine, worse than death itself. Which cruelties we are yet every day exposed unto and exercised with. We do also declare, that we have already made some beginnings of killing and scalping some Cana- dci/tnen, (which we have not been wont to do oral- low) and are now come with a great army of English and Indians, all volunteers, with resolutions to sub- due you, an i make you sensible of your cruelties to us, by treating you aftei the same manner. At this time we expect our men of war and tran- sport ships to be at Portroyal. (We having but late- ly parted with them.) In the last place, we do declare to you, that in- asmuch as some of you have shown kindness to our captives, and expressed a love to, and desire of be- ing under the English government, we dv .herefore, notwithstanding all this, give you timely notice, and i FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 2T5 ) our coun- do demand a surrender immediately, by the laying down your arms, upon which, we promise very good quarter ; if not, you must expect the utmost severity. To the chief commander of the town of Menis, and the inhabitants thereof, and we expect your an* swer, positively, within an hour. Benjamin Church, Coi. John Gorham, Lieui, Col. WiNTHROP Hilton, MafJ*^ Then moving to the creek, expecting to have had water enough for the boats, as the pilot had informed them, but found not water enough for a canoes So [they] were obliged to land, intending to have been up at the town before the hour was out, that the summons expressed. For their return was, " that if our forces would not hurt their estates, then they would surrender, if otherwise intended^ they should *ight for them," 6lc. But meeting with several creeks, near twenty or thirty feet deep, which were very muddy and dirty ; HO that the army could not get over them, [and] were obliged to return to Uieir boats again, and wait till within night, before the tide served them to go up to the town. And then [they] intended to go up pretty near the town, and nottofall to, till morning; being in hopes that, the banks of the creeks would shelter them from the • enemy. But- the tide's rising so high, exposed then* alL to the enemy; who had the trees and woods to befriend them; and so came flown in the night, and fired smartly at our forces., But Colonel Church being in a pinnace, that had a small cannon placed in the head, ordered it to be charged several times with bullets, in small bags^ and fired at the enemy ; which made such a rattling amongst the trees, that [it] caused the enemy to draw off. And by the great providence of Almighty God, not one of our forces was hurt that night. B'it< M S74 FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. as I have been informed, [the enemy]^ had one Ik. dian killed, and some others wounded, which was some discouragement to [them.]^ Next morning, by break of day, Colonel Churclr ordered all his forces (and placed Major Hilton on the right wins) to run all up, driving the enemy be- fore them ; who leaving their town to our forces, but had carried away the best of their goods, which were soon found by our soldiers. The bulk of the enemy happening to lie against our right wing, caused the hottest dispute there. [Theyp.lay behind logs and trees, till our forces, and Major Hilton, wh6 led them, 'came [ — "]* upon them, and forced them to run. And notwithstanding the sharp firing of the enemj at our forces, by the repeated providence of God, there was never a man of ours killed or wounded. Our soldiers not having been long in town, before they f'jund considerable quantities of strong drink, both brandy and claret ; and being very greedy «fter it, especially the Indians, were very disorderly; firing at every pig, turkey, or fowl [that] they saw; of which [there] were very plenty in the town, which endangered our own men. Colonel Churcli perceiving the disorder, and firing of his own men, Tan to put a stop to it, [and] had several shot conii! very near him. And finding what had occasionci this disorder, commanded his officers to knock out the heads of every cask of strong liquor they cou! 1 find in the town, to prevent any further di.sturbanc: among his army ; knowing, [that] it was impossible to have kept it from them, especially the Indians, if it were saved, &c. Then some of the army who were desirous tn pursue the enemy, having heard them driving away their cattle, requested the Colonel to let them C|> iHe]^ did, and gave them their orders. Captain Cooke, and Captain Church to lead the two wings > [they] 2 [the enemy] 3 [who] < [on] s [who] FRENCH AliD INDIAN WARS. 273 and Lieutenant Barker,* who led the Colonel's com- pany, in the centre. And the said Captain Cooke and Captain Church desired Lieutenant Barker not to move too fast ; so that he might have the benefit of their assistance, if he had occasion. But the said Lieutenant not being so careful as he should have been, or at least was too eager, was shot down, and another man, which were all the men that were kill- ed in the whole expedition.f Towards night. Colonel Church ordered some of his forces to pull down some of the houses, and others to get logs and make a fortification for his whole army to lodge in, that night; that so they might be together. And just before night [he] or- dered some of his men to go [and] see if there were any men in any of the houses in the town; j[and] if [there were] not, to set them all on fire, which was ortunity they improv- ed) to svpf^ the Indians, e«tr bloody enemies; and, theiefore, hfe could make pa other terms of peace with ibem, tfaoii, that if the French ut Misnis, Sig- neetOy atnd Canada, would keep at home with their bloody savages, and not commit any hostilities upon any ' df our mmtiersj we would return home and leave them. For thtX we hv^d at a great distance off, and had not come near them to 4iurt them npw, had not the blbbd of our poor firiends and brethren, in all the frontiers of pur province cried for vengeance. Especially, that late imheard of barbarity committed * |( l^ skaated on the west side of Novi;i$cotia> on a river ittm Same name; which flows into the bay of Ptiiidy. Men- tion has been made of the expedition to Canada in 1690, un- der Sir William Phtps ; the reduction of Portrayal wai exe- cuted under the same gentleman, in the same year, hot pr^ Tious. It was commanded by Orov^ Menival, who huilt it about 1«68. When Phips took it/it was both *< ill fbrtifie^ and ill proTideid;^ See note 1 , on piire 177. It was' in no condition to stand a siege, and sabmitted without resistance. (Hutch- iBSpn, I, 96%) But it was^ in 1705, |>etaken by the French. Again in 1710, a large armament under Col. Nicholson went SJMBBl it, of which they made an easy jeonAuest. There were but 360 men to defend it. The English had 6 (Hgates, ft lower rates, and 34 transports. Alter it was taxen the Simne was changed from Port Royal to Annapolis roy*li whleh it vet retains. FRENCH AND INDIAN WA|I0. 970 upon the town of DeeHieM ; which wrought mwm- rally on the hearts of bur pec^le, that our rorcei came out with that unanimity of ipiril, Jboth vnong the English and our savage^v^^^ wahad wA^i^' needed a pressed man amoi^ them, ^ke iSop^ii^ also telling them, that if ever hereafter aii« of 0d any more; and, therefore, he would feave th<^m»' ' The Colonel resolving the next day to eompTel^'iiN his action at Menis, and so draw off. Accilotddiglj^, The] sent his orders to Colonel Oorhan) srfld [Aii^r Hilton, with all the English companies, bd^rf^fl6%b and soldiers, except some few, which hethoiij^lit he might have occasion for, to go with the Indians ihtho whaleboats, up the eastward river, where a third part of the inhabitants lived. That so he might prevent any reflection made On them, in leaving any part of the service undone. And therefore, in the evening, ordered all the whaleboats to be laid ready for t& night's service. And, accordinglv when the tide s^rv^ cd, he went with his Indians up the river, where they did some spoil upon the enemy going up. S80 fRENCU iNI) INDIAN WARS. In the morning, several of their transports came to meet them, to their great rejoicing, whom they went on board [of] and soon came up with the whole fleet, with whom they joined, bending their course directly towards Portroyal, where the3r were ordered. Com- ing to Portrcval gut, where their ships were, and call* ing a council according to bis instructions, drew up their result, which is as followetli.* '* Present aU the Fidd Officers and Captains of tk kmd forces, aboard the province Galley, 4th July, 1704, in Portray at harbour. We whose names are hereunto subscribed, having deliberately considered the cause in hand, whether it be proper to land all our forces, to offend and destroy as much as we can at Portroyal, all or any part of the nhabitants thereof, and their estates, we are of opin* , on, that it is not for .our interest and honour, and the country's whom we serve, to land and expose our- telves ; but quit it wholly, and go on about our other business, we have to do; for this reason, that we udge ourselves inferiour to the strength of the ene- my ; and, therefore, the danger and risk we run, is greater than the advantage we can, or are likely to obtain; seeing, the enemy hath such timely notice, and long opportunity to provide themselves against Of; bjr 9ur snips' lying here in the road about twelve diign before we could join them from Menis, where we were during that time, and being so meanly pro- vided with necessaries, convenient for such an under- taking with so small a number of men, not being four hundred, capable and fit for service to land; and, understanding, by all the intelligence we can * That any steps should be taken, or even any thing said about reducing Portroyal, may seem strange, after they had been so peremptorily refused, by the Governour, as has beea related in the preceding history. Sec page 35S. FRENCH AND INDUN WAR^ ^1 It- get, from both English, iuid French priionertf Aat the fort is exceeding strong. John Gorram, Lkwi. CoL WnrrHBov KiLTOV, Miff OTf ' Jos. Brown, James Cole, * John Cook, Isaac Mtrick, John Harradon, - J Constant Church, John Dter, Joshua Lamb, Caleb Williamson, Edward Church." I '* Having pursuant to my instructions, taken the ad- vice of the gentlemen above subscribed, and con sidering the weight of their reasons, I do concu. therewith. BENJAMIN CHURCH." ".Whereas Colonel Church hath desired our opin- ions, as to the landing the forces at Portroyal, they being but four hundred effective men to land ; and by all the information, both of French and English prisoners, the enemy having a greater number oflnen, and much better provided to receive, than they are to attack them, we do believe, it is for the servioe of the crown, and the preservation of her Majesty's! nib- jects, to act as above mentioned. ^ ^ : Thomas Smith,-^ fet?i*:'- . George Rogers, < ' Cyprian SouthaCj^." After this they concluded what should be next done, which was, that the ships should stay some days longer at Portroyal gut, and then go over to Mount- desart harbour, and there stay till Colonel Church with his transports, came to them. j Being all ready, the Colonel with his transporU anf forces went up the bay to Signecto, where they neii^ 909 FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. f4^i^ot« pilot, beinff several of them well acquainted I; u tneWi (And [they] had not met \irith so many diffi< cultiet at Menis, had it not been that their pilot de- ceived them, who kneW nothing of the matter, [and] kept out of the way, and landed not with them, dLc.) And coming to Bignccto, the enemy were all in arms to receive tnem. Colonel Church landing his men, the conmiander of the enemy waving^ his sword over his head, bid a challenge to them. The Colonel or- dering his two winffs to march up apace, and come upon the backs of the enemy. Himself being in the centre, and the enemy knowing him, Shaving been there before) shot chiefly at him. But tnrough God's toodness, received no harm ; neither had he one man ^led, nor but two slightly wounded ; and then all ran fnto the woods, and left their town with nothing in it. Having had timely notice of our forces' [coming, they] *tM carried all away out of the reach of our army; for Colonel Church while there with part of his for- ces, ranged the woods, but to no purpose. Then re* Uicninff to the town, did them what spoil he could, aeoording to his instructions, and so drew off, and made the best of their way for Passamequado. And going in, in a great fog, one of their transports ran upon a rock, but was soon got off again. Then Colonel Church with some of his forces em- barked in their whaleboats, and went amongst the islands, with an intent to go to Sharkee's where they had destroyed the fish. But observing a springy place in a cove, went on shore to get some water to drink. It being a sandy beach, they espied tracks; the Colonel presently ordered his men to scatter and make search. [They] soon found De Boisses'^ wife, who had formerly been Colonel Church's prisoner, and carried. to Boston, but returned; who seemed very glad to see him. She . had with her, two sons, that were near men grown The Colonel ordering them apart, examined the woman first, who gave him this account following. That she bad lived there* * Dubois. Fronoanced Duboy. nUKNGH AND INDIAN WAII8. abouts ever since the fleet wentby; aiid Ihiit khe had never seen but two Indians since, who came in a canoe from Norrigwock f^ [and that theyV asked her, * what made her to be there alone V she toM them [that] she had not seen a Frenchman nor an Indian, except those two, since the English ships went by. Then tlie Indians told her, * there was not one Indian left, except thole two, who belonged to the gut of Canso, on this side of Canada. For those friars coming down with the Indians to Monsieur Gourdan's ; and finding the Frenchmen slain, and their hair spoiled, being scalped, put them into a great consternation. And the friars told them it was im- possible for them to live thereabouts ; for the Eng- lish with their whaleboats would serve them all so ; upon which they all went to Norrigwock.' Also told her that ' when the English came along through Penobscot, they had swept it of the inhabitants, as if it had been swept with a broom ; neither French nor Indians escaping them.' [And,] further told her, that when their fathers, the friars, and the Indians met together at Norrigwock, they called a council, and the friars told the Indians, that they must look out for some other country, for that it was impossi- ble for them to live there.' Also told them [that] * there was a river called Mossipee,f where they fhignt live quietly, and no English come near them ; it be* ing as far beyond Canada as it was to it, &c., and if they would go and live there; they would liveaofNi die with them ; but if not they would leave tbc^ and never come near tliem again.' Whereupon they all agreed to go away, which they did ; and left their rough household stuff, and com behind them; and went all, except those two, for Canada. Also her sons giving the same intelligence, -so we had no reason to think, but tha:t it was true. »[wlio] * Norridgewock. ,See note 1, on page 3S7. t The river Mississippi 1 sappose wm meant ^ TRBNCH AND INDIAN WARS. ; Ci^piiel Church having done what he could thei^ embarked on board the transportSi and went to llountdeMTt. [He] found no ships there, but a nuidlet, rid off by a line in the harbour, which he ordered to be taken up. And opening of it, found i letter, which gave him an account that the shipi were goife home for Boston. J Then he proceeded and went to Penobscot. Where being come, [they] made diligent search in those parts for the enemy ; but could not find, or make any discovery of them ; or that any had been there, since he left ihoise parts ; which caused him to believe what 0e Boisses' wife had told him was true. I will, only by the way, just give a hint of what we heard since, of the effects of this expedition, and then proceed. First, that the English forces that went next to Norrigwock, found that the enemy wai gone, and had left their rough household stuff, and corn behind them.* Also, not long after this expedition, there were several gentlemenf sent down firom Canada, to con- * Reference is here made, it.isthouKht, fo the expedition under Col. Hilton, in the winter of 1705. He with 250 Eng- Xiah, and 30 Indians (Dr. Douglass says he had but 330 men) repaired to Norridsewock on snow snoes, but found no ene* Diies to contend with. They burned the deserted wigwams, and a chapel, and then returned. See Belknap, I, 368, and Penhallow, 4s. About the same time an express was ordered with snow shoes for the frontiers, but was intercepted by a scout from Montreal, who robbed him of 50 pounds in money ; which} on being taken tO Canada, the GovernoUr converted it into a bow^and called it the Newengland' gilt. lb., or N. H. Hist Soc. Col. 1, 43. t Hutchinson, II, 141, sub anno 1706, mentions that 4 or 5 persons were sent to Canada "for the exchange of priionerSi who brought back Mr. Williams, the ^nister, and many of tfa« inhabitants of Deerfield^ with other captives.'* He men' tions nO more than one's being sent from Canada, and that) after ours had been sent there. Hence it appears that be was not very well acquainted with the affair; for Peohal- low's history was extant before he wrote, who gives the par- ticulars about it, viz., that on <* the 4 May 1705, Capt. HiUt FRENCH AND INDIAN WARa 186 lere were cert with our Governoiur about the settling of a car- tel for the exchange of prisoners ; and that the Gov- ernour* of Canada has never since sent down an army upon our frontiers, (that I know of) except sometimes a scout of Indians to take some prisoners, that he might he informed of our state, and what we were acting, Slc, And always took care that the prisoners so taken, should be civilly treated, and safely returned, as I have been informed. [Also,] that some of the prisoners that were taken gave an account [to this effect;] so that we have great cause to believe, that the message [which] Colonel Church sent by the two French gentlemen from Menis, to the Governour of Portroyal, took effect, and was a means to bring peace in our borders, &c. Then Colonel Church with his forces embarked on board the transports, and went to Casco bay, where they met with Captain Gallop, in a vessel from B09-. ton, who had brought Colonel Church further orderjl which were, to send some of his forces up to Norri^ week, in pursuit of the enemy. But he being sensi- ble that the enen^y were gone from thence, and that his soldiers were much worn out, and fatigued in the hard service they had already done, and wanted to get home, [he] called a council, and agreed, all to go home ; which, accordingly they did. To conclude this expedition, I will just give a hint of some treatmentjf [which] Colonel Ch|irch had be- who was formerly taken at Wells and carried to Canada, was from thence sent to concert the exchange of prisoners." He gave information that there were about 187 English 1)risoners with the French and Indians. *'Upon the advice, icrcof," the persons mentioned by Hutchinson, were sent to Canada, and succeeded in rescuing about dCTcaptires. The French Governour was kept in suspense by the management of Governour Dudley. He wished fori neutrally; and dur- ing the time, the frontiers enjoyed p^ce and tranriuillity. Hutchinson, ib. • VaudreuU. t It appears that' Church was censured wrongfully, and for some time, bore the faults, due only to others. For it 286 French and indian wars. tort and after he came home. For all his great ex* penses, fatigues and hardships, in and about this ex- pedition, Tiz., he received of his excellency fifteen vcmkdtf as an earnest penny, towards raising volun* ^era. And after he came to receive his deben- ture for his Coloners pay, there were twoahiUinga and four pence due to him. -And as for his Captain's pay* and man Jack ; he has never received any tiling as ret. Also, after he came home, some ill minded per- sons did their endeavour to have taken away his life; for there were some of the French enemy killed,f [in] this expedition. ' But his exceMgncy the Gov emour, the honourable council, {irt in a saerilegious manner, il» turMt (he oontei|(ioTthe old south church, where it wu de*| I In his Hilt Mais. Il» No. I Appeadiz, »4 • ' APPENDIX. VJi end had hired a ship wholly to themselves, and made agreement with the master to be ready at a certain day, jand take them and their goods in at a conve- nient place, where accordingly they woiild all attend in readiness. So after long waiting and large ex- pense, though he kept not day with them, yet he came at length and took them in, in the night. Bi^t when he had them and their goods aboard he oetrayed them, having beforehand complotted with the search- ers and other officers so to do, who took them and put them into open boats, and then rifled and ransacked tiiem, searching them to their shirts for money, yca,^ even the women, further than became modesty, and then carried them back into the town, and made t!icm a spectacle and wonder to the multitude, which came flocking on all sides to behold them. Being thu9,' first by the catch-poles, rifled and stript of thciF money, books, and much other goods, they were pre- sented to the magistrates, and messengers sent to in- form the lords of the council of them, arid so they were committed to ward. Indeed the magistrates used them courteously, and showed them what favour they could, but could not deliver them till orffer came from the council table ; but the issue was", tfi^t after a month's imprisonment, the greatest p^rt were' dismissed, and sent to the places from whence .tljiey came, but seven of the principal men were still kept in prison and bound over, to the assizesi The next spring after, there was another attempt made, by! some of these and others, to get over at another place. And so it fell out, that they light of a Dutch- man at Hull, having a ship of his own belonging to Zealand. They made agreement with hirti, and i^c- quainted him with their condition, hoping to find more faithfulness in him, than in the former of thcif own nation. He bade them hot fear, for he would dd well enoug;K. He was by apppointment to take theni in, between Grindstone* and Hull, where was a hifge * Grimsby says Belknap.. 292 APPENDIX. eomtnon, a gdod way distant from any town. Now aq^ainst the prefixed time, the women and children, with the goods, were sent to the place in a small' bark, which they had hired for that end, and the men were to meet them by land ; but it so fell out, that they were there a day before the ship came, and ihe sea being rougb and the women very sick, prevailed with the seameln to puc into a creek hard by, where they lay on ground at low water. The next morning the ship came, but they were fast and could not stir till . about noon. In the mean time, the ship master per* ceivine how the matter was, sent his boat to get the men aboard, whom he saw ready, walking about the shore, but after the first boat-full was got aboard, and she was ready to go for more, the master espied a great company both horse and foot, with bills and guns and othsr weapons, for the country was raised to take them. The Dutchman seeing that, swore hii country oath, * Sacramente,^ and having the wind fair, weighed anchor, hoisted sails, and away. After en* during a fearful storm at sea, for fourteen days or more, seven whereof they never saw sun, moon nor stars, and being driven near the coast of Norway, they arrived at their desired haven, where the people came flocking^ admiring their deliverance, the storm having been so long and sore, in which much hurt had been dbne, as the master^s friends related to him in their congratulations. The rest of the men that were in greatest danger, made a shift to escape away before the troop could surprise them, those only stay- ing that best might be assisting unto the women. But pitiful it was to see the heavy case of these poor women in distress ; what weeping and crying on every side, some for their husbands that were carried away in the ship, otiiers not knowing what should become of them and their little ones, crying for fear and quaking with cold. Being apprehended, they were hurried from one place to another, till in the end they knew not what to do with them ; for, to imprison so APPENDIX. 393 many women with their innocent children 'for nd other cause, many of them, but that they would go with their husbands, seemed to be unreasonable, ami all would cry out of them ; and to send them home again was as diiBcult, for they alleged, as the truth was, they had no Aomes to go to, for they had eithei^ sold or otherwise disposed of their houses and liv^ ings : To be short, after they had been thus turmoiled a good while, and conveyed from one constable to another, they were glad to be rid of them in the end upon any terms, though, in the mean time, they, poor souls, endured misery enough.'' After remaininff several years in Holland, they be- ffan to fear that their company would finally become lost, by their connexion with the Dutch ; and that their efforts to establish the true religion, also lost. Some of their young men had already engaged in the military service of the Dutch, and marriages with their young women had taken place. These things caused much grief to the pious Forefathers ; more 'especially, because the Dutch were dissolute in their morals. Under these considerations, their thoughts %ere turned towards America; but, never so far Jiblth as Newengland. Sir Walter Ralegh was aboul^ihis time,* projecting a settlement in Guiana, and this place was first taken under consideration. Here a perpetual spring was promised, and all the beauties of a tropical summer. But considering the diseases which were so fatal to Europeans, and their near vicinity to the Spaniards,f the majority were against a removal thither. At length, they resolved to make their settlement in nort h Virginia,} and accordingly they sent agents • 1617. '- """^ t The Spaniards had not actually taken posaession of thk country, but claimed it Belknap, Biog. if, 167. I North America was then known under the senertl namsa of north aad south Virginia, divided by the pvalld of 43 d tQ4 Awmmm, to.E^iaDdi to obtain a grant from the Virginia coq, |»an)F^;and to know whether the King would grant them Hberljr of conscience, in that distant country. The Vir^iia company were willing to grant theoi •uchprivileges as were in their power, but the bigot. tediJames would agree no further, than " to connive at them, provided Siey should qonduct peaceably."* The agepts returned the next year, 1618, to the freat^scouragement of the congregation. Resolved, Qwever, to make another trial, agents were sent again the next year, and after long and tedious de- lays,f a grant was obtained, under the seal of the company, which, after all this great trouble and expense, was never used.| Notwithstanding, their removal was not given up, and they made ready for their voyage, with what ex- pedition they could. It was agreed that a part should go before, to prepare the way ; and, accord- ngly, two ships were got ready, one named the Speedwell,- of sixty tons, the other the Mayflower, ot one hundred and eight tons. They first went from Leyden to England, and on the fifth of August, 1620, they left Souuiampton for America;*^ but, they were twice forced to return, by reason of the bad state of the lesser ship. ^ It was now agreed to dismiss the Speedwell, and they embarked on board the Mayflower^ and, on the sixth of September^ again sailed on their intended voyage.|| .'j tmb^l'^^novii _ . i \.^ . y. ., \^ • , J , „ . ; 1 r-J : • ■■ ■ N. lpniiee« 180. Its whole extent was from Florida to the * BeH>:iii^, Biog. IT, 170. American Annals, 1, 198. t Occaiiioned by dissensions among the Virginia company. Oneireasiirer having resigned wa& displeased with his sue- cesser. See Bradford in Prince, 151, ) 53. X Because it was taken out in the name of a gentleman, whom ** providence" separated from them. §They intended to have settled somewhere near Hudion'i river. % ^he last port they left was Plymouth. AWENDIX. SiVall' Sieh Werie the transaietions, and Mefa tke^diAmil* ties, attending this persevering compaiif of ^ilgriiBf^ (as tbe£^a|re j^^ly coU^d) in the great at|eni|yt. to sot* tie a CQJhony in, America^ As no partieuli^ are pfer served of theiir voyage, we may now leave (hemttntU they appeiar on the coast.* III.-— LANDING OF THE PILGRIMS At PLTlfeOirrB. AvTER some difficulties, in a voyage of two months and three days, they fell in with the land of Cape Cod^ on the ninth of November. Finding themselves ftri^** ther north than they intended to setue, they stood to the southward; but soon finding themselves nearly encompassed with dangerous shoals, the Captainf took advantage of their fears, and bore up again for the cape.; . and, on the tenth of November^ anchored in cape Cod harbour.T On observing their latitude, they found themselves out of the limitis of the south Virginia companv. Upon which it was hinted by some, that they should now be under no Jaws, and every servant would have OS much authority as his master. But the wisdom that had conducted them hither, was sufficient to pro<^ vide against this evil ; therefore, an instrument was drawn and signed, by which they unanimously form- ed themselves into a body politic. This instrument was executed November the eleventh, and signed by fortyone persons ; that being the number of men, qualified to act for themselves. Their whole number * It is related that in a storm^ a b^am of tlie »hip was thrown out of its place, and that they l^gan to d<^air, but some gentleman having a large iron screw,>y meansilf which it was again forced into its place. t Jones. Jr; X The Captain of the ship was hired by thtr Dtimh to land them thus far ndrth, because they claimed the «oantry at Hudson's river, and were unwilling that the £li|||^|8h tbould get any footing there. See Morton, 18. ■■'%• tM APPENDIX. eonntted of Om hundred aind cm** John Carver WM cboien Govoroour for one year. J ,. k. . . .1 L - II r -I 'i * At it miift be ever gratifying to poiterit^ to know tin I *■ Ant formof gorernment erer drawn up in their coantryi tnd the names of those who first ventnred upon the great a1ld«^ taking, both are here presented to their view, as I find them in Mr. Prinee*s N. Eng. Chronology. In my first edition I copied from Mdrton, bat on account of some erroars in the names of the ^gners as giren in his Newengland's Memoriil I oopj Aom Mr. Prince. However, it is possible that sonu . SmMl erroars may exist, even in his list^ for we know, that ue. chirography of 16t0, was vastly different from that i Ikttndred years after ; insomach, that what Mr. Morton reid for an r, might have been taken afterward ftir a I by Mr, "Prince, fcc., as will appear by comparing those names, io " which a difference is seen. Mr. Morton writes No. 35, John Crazton, No. S7, Joses Fletcher, No. 39. Digery Priest, No. S4, Richard Bitteridge, and No. 40, EMward Doten. He ahio has No. 83, Edmond Morgeson, but that I siippose to be i misprint. Botn of those authors copied fVom Gov. Bradford^ MS., as Hutchinson perhaps did, who differs from both. He writes Nos. 16 and 16, TiUev, No. 30, Ridgsdale, No. 35, Crozton, No. 87, Gardner. Dut the most unaccountable diA ferences exist between authors who have copied from Mr 4 • Prince's printed book. I need not name any oiie, in particular, as all that I have met with, differ in some respect, except the Editors of the N. H. Hist. Collections, who seem to have been particularly earelhl. " In the name of God, Amen. We, whose names are under written the loyal subjects of our dread sovereign Lord Kine James, by the grace of God, of Great Britain, France and Ireland, King, defender of the fkith, &c. j/ Having undertaken for the glory of God, and advancement ^ cT the christiaa faith, and honour of our King and country, -* a /oTSjge to plant the first colony in the northern parts of Virginia, do by these presents, solemnly and mutually in the presence of God, and one of another,, covenant and combine • ourselves together, into a civil body politick, for our better ordering and preservation, and fartherance of the ends afore- said y and by virtue hereof, to enact, constitute, and frame such just and equal laws, ordinances, acts, eonstitutioos, and offices, firom time to time, as shall be thought most meet and eonrenient for the general good of the^ colony. Unto which we promise all due submission and obedience. In witnen whereof we have hereunder subscribed our names at cape God, the nth of November, in the year of the reign of our Ipvereign Lord, King James, of England, France and Ire* APPENblX. 297 The day answering to the Eleventh of December, is celebrated Ols the day of the landing of the Pil- grims J* but on that day, a place was discovered, and fixed upon for their settlement. Parties before had landed and made some discoveries. The same day that the memorable instrument was signed, a party left the ship, and landed to explore the country, and get wood, but returned without makinff any particular discovery. But a few days after, (November fifteenth) sixteen men, under Cap- tam Myles Standish, were permitted to go in search ianvl,theXVIIJ, and of Scotland the LIVv AnnoDoi^ioi^ 1630." , JCo. Ifo. "•' 23 Francis Eaton,* 34 James Chilton,*§ 35 John Crackston,§ 36 John BilUngton,* 37 Moses Fletcher,^ 38 John Goodman, § 29 Degory Prie8t,§ 30 Thomas Williams,§ 31 Gilbert Winslow, 33 Edmund Margeson,^^ 33 Peter Brown> 34 Richard Britterige,f " 35 George Soule, (of Mr. fvtn8low*»faimb/, 36 Richard Clark,§ 37 Richard Gardiner, 38 John AlIerton,§ 39 Thomas Engtiih, 40 Edward Dorey, 41 Edward Leister, (both of Mr. Hopkins famiiy..y 9. 8 J* 4 1 1 I \ \ 1 1 1 1 Mr. John CaiA'er,* 3 William Bradford,* 3 Mr. Edward Winslow,* 4 Mr. Wm. Brewster,* 5 Mr. Isaac Allerton,* 6 Capt. Miles Standish,* * John Alden, S Mr. Samuel Ftt11er,t 9 Mr. Christopher Martin*§4 10 Mr. Wm. Mullin8,*§ 5 n Mr. Wm. White,*§ 5 12 Mr. Richard Warren,t 1 13 John Howland, (in Car- ver** famihf.) 14 Mr. Stephen Hopkins,* 15 Edward Tilly,*& 16 John Tillv,*§ 17 Francis Cook,t 13 Thomas Rogers,§ 19 Thomas Tinker,*§ 20 John Ridgdale,*§ % 31 Edward Fuller,*§ S3 John Turnejr,§ 3 10|; The above names having this mark * at the end bcougb^ their wives with them. Those with this t did not. Those with this 6 died before the end of Mar-^h. The^^pires ^ the end of the names denote the number i& eaeh family. * To-reduce old style to new, eleven days m added ; Ihtr^ fore, the i3 December is celebrated as the landliif oMmi Forefathers. 898 Appmfumx. of a convenient place for settlement. They saw five Indians whom tnev followed all day, but could not overtake them. The next day they discoTered seve- ra! Indian graves ; one of which they opened, and found some ruder implements of war ; a mortar, and an cMurthen pot ; all which they took care to re< place ; being unwilling to disturb the sepulchres of the dead. They found under a small mound of eartii, a cellar curiously lined with bark, in which wag stored a quantity of Indian com.^ Of this they took as much as they could carry, and returned to the ship. Soon after, twenty four others made the like ex- und there. Thev met again at uight, and some lodged on board the shallop, and tl^e r^t as before.* The next morning, December the eighth, as they were about to embark, they were furiously beset by Indians. Some of the company having carried their guns down to the boat, the others discharged upon them, as fast as they could ; but the Indians shouted, and rushed on, until those had regained their armfli and then they were put to flight. One, however more courageous than the rest, took a position be hind a tree, and withstood several volleys of shot discharging arrows himself a^ the same time. A length a shot glancing upon the sidb of the tree« hurled the bark so about his head that he thought it time to escape. Eighteen arrows were picked up by the English, after the battle, which they sent to their friends iii England, as curiositie^. Some were headed with brass, and others with horn and bone. The place where this happened, was on this account} called the First Encounter.f The company, after leaving*this place, narrowly escaped being cast away ; but they got safe oh' an uninhabited island,} where they passed the night« * Morton and Belknap. t Morton, 23. It was before calltid Namskeket. lb. SI. f^* Belknap, « Bioe. II, !!02, says, " A creek whicb now bears the name of Sktdni, lies between Eastham and Hur wich ; distant about 3 or 4 miles westward from Naniid! the seat of a tribe of Indians, who (as they afterwards teamed) made this attack.'* t This they called "Clark's bland, because Mr. Clark, tfa« master's mate, first stepped ashore thereon.** Morton, 34. ^ APPENDIX. The next day, December tne ninth, they dried their clothes, and rep^ed their vessel, which had lost her mast, and met with other damajro. The next day they resi?>d, it being Sunday. The day following, they found a place, which they judged nt for settle- ment ; and, after eoing on shore,* and discovering good water, and where there had been cornfields, ro- tiirned to the ship. This was on the Eleventh of December t 1620, and is the day celebrated as the Forefathers' Day. On the fifteenth, the ship came into the new har- bour. The two following days, the people went on shore, but returned at night to. the ship. On the twenty third, timber was beeun to be pre- j)ared for building a common store n6use.f The next ^ay, the cry of Indians was heard, but none ap- peared. On the twentyfifth, the first house was be- gun. A fort was built on the hill, soon after, (where the burying ground now is) whi; and that the blessing of God could not be implored or expect- ed to crown the arms of such unhallowed men with succcs,'*. The alarm was general and many arrangements necessaiy in order to cast out the unclean, and to render this little baiui* sufficiently pure to fight the battles of a people who enl'r- tained high ideas of their own sanctity." Robertson's Hist. America, II, Book X. Thus while the Boston 'men Wt re at war with the spirits of darkness, as they imagined, the Con* necticut men underlMason were left alone to fight the ii.oic dangerous Pequots, as will presently be seen. *Coniiiting of 200. APPENDIX. 307 marched to Narraganset bay. Here they engaged a large body of the Narragansets, as auxiliaries, and then proceeded to Nihantic,^ where they arrived, May twentyfourth. The next morning they were joined by another body of the Narragansets, which made their Indian force amount to near five hundred men. After marching twelve miles, to Pawcatuck river. Captain Mason halted to refresh his men. The weather was ex- tremely hot, and the men suffered very much. Ilis Narraganset men now learning that they were going to attack the Pequot's chief fort, were greatly amaz- ed, and the most of them returned home. One We- quash, a deserter from the Pequots, now piloted the army to a fort at Mystic. At night they encamped by two large rocks^f and two hours before day, made ready to attack the fort. They yet had two miles to inarch, which took them until near the dawn of day The fort was on the top of a hill, and no time must be lost in making the attack. Their friend Indians now chiefly deserted them, and they divided themselves into two divisions, for the benefit of attacking them in two particular points. The party under Mason pressed on to the east side, while that under Cap-" tain Underbill gained the west. As Mason ap- proached the palisades, a dog gave the alarm, and ' an Indian cried out " Owarmx ! Owanux /" that is, " Englishmen ! Englishmen !" Being now discover- ed, they instantly discharged through the palisj^des, and then rushed into the fort sword in hand. Here the battle was severe, and for some- time doubtful. As the moment grew more critical, Mason thought cf the, last expedient, and cried out, "We must burn them ! We must burn thera !" and taking a brand of fire,, oommunicated it to the mats, with which the wigwams were covered, they were all in a blaze in a • In Lyme. t "Between two-large rocks in Groton, since called Porter's rock9.»» Trumbull, I, 83. 30& APPENDIX. moment. The Enfflish then formed a cirt.is about the fort, and all that ventured out to escape the flames, were immediately shot down. Dreadnil now was the work of death. Some perishing in the flames, others climbing over the palisades, were no sooner up than shot down. Uncas, in the mean time, had come up and formed a citcle in the rear, and in a little more than an hour, the work was com- plete. Six or seven hundred Indians were slain, and but two of the English, and sixteen wounded. The army aow began the retreat, and a body of the enemy were soon seen in pursuit ; but a few shot kept them at a distance. This body of the enemy had not been in the battle, and on arriving at the fort, and beholding the dismal spectacle, beat the ground with rage, and tore their hair in despair. The English arrived at their homes in about three weeks firom the time they set out, and the people were greatly rejoiced at their success. Sassacus, the chief of the Pequots, and most of his people, now fled and kft their country. But after some time, it was discovered, that a great body of them were in a swamp to the westward. Troops, therefore, were sent firom Massachusetts, who joined others from Connecticut, and they immediately marched under the command of the valiant Mason, in pursuit of them. On the thirteenth of July they arrived at the fatal swamp. Some of the English rushed in, but were badly wounded, and rescued with difliculty. At length they surrounded the swamp, and the fight continued through the most of the night. By the help of a thick fog, many of the wa^ riours escaped. About twenty were killed, and one hundred and eighty captivated, who were divided among the Narragansets and Mohegans. Sassacus, with a few of his chief men, fled to the Mohawks, who, at the request of the Narraganiett, cat ofl* his APPENDIX. iod head ; and thus terminated the Pequot war.* No- thing of great moment occurred until the time of Philip. V. — ^REMAINS OF PHIUP's WAB. V It is intended here, to narrate the most important circumstances in the progress of that war at the eastward, in Maine and Newhampshire. It was generally thought, that Philip had excited all of the Indians throughout Newensland,. to riae with him in the war. While this has been doubted by some, others think it probable, that his endeavours were used even among the distant tribes of Virginia.f However this might have been, it is certain, that with- in twenty days from the time the war began in Swaii- zey, it began to blaze at the distance of two hundred miles, even at the northeasterly extremity of New- england. But the war at the eastward is said to have prown out of the foolish conduct of some of the in- habitants. An insult was offered to the wife of Squando, a chief Sachem on the river Saco. Some irregular sailors, having heard that young 'Indians could swim naturally, like those of the brute creation, met the wife of Squando with an infant child in a canoe, and to ascertain the fact, overset it. The child sunk to the bottom, but the mother diving down, immediately brought it up without apparent injury. However, it fell out, that the child died shortly after, and its death was imputed to the treatment it had re- ceived from the sailors. This so enraged the chief, that he only waited a fit time to commence hostili- ties. Other causes of the war were not wanting all along the eastern frontier. A letter wa9 received at * It was the reflection upon the fate of this once famous na- tion, that gave rise to those beautiful and qrmpathetick Knes in Dwigkt*s Greenfield hill. Part the fourth, which see in note % to page 146 of Philip's war. : t See Uubbarfii Nor. MS. MO APPENDIX. -K^nnebeck; from York, the eleventh July, 1C75, df. liDg acootot of the war at the westward, and Siat means were using to disarm the natives along the shore. Had the Indians etitertained no ideas of war before, they/ certainly would be justified in making war upon any that were about to deprive the^ of the : moans of self defence. How much- have the Spar- tans^, under li^ohidas been celebrated for their cuiswer to Xerxes, when ho endeavoured to persuade them ;to give up their arms. But the English were tilyt so genenouii. M the Persian monarch, for he promised the Spartans a far better country than theirs, if they would comply. To which tfiey replied, that no coiihtrv was worth having unless won by valour ; and, as to their arms, they should want them in any coun- try. Perhaps the despised Indians deserve as much honour, in some instances, as the defenders of Ther- mojaylcD. lii an attempt to. force the Indians to deliver up their arms at Kennebeck, one belonging to the Eng- lish came near being killed.- This caused consider- able tumult, but at length was settled, by promises and hostages on the part of the Indians. But through the supineness of their keepers, the hostages found means to escape ; and, meeting with some of their fellows, proceeded to Pejepscot, where they plunder- ed the house of one Purchase, an early planter, and known as a trader among them. Tlie men were not at home, but no incivility was offered to the women. This was in September, 1675. About twentyfive of the English marched out to take revenge: for what harl been done. They went up Casco bay, and landed near the mouth of the An- droscogginy:where they had farms. On coming ntur the houses, ♦* they heard a knocking," and presently saw some Indians; who it appears, were doing no harm; but without waiting to know, the English rushed oh them, and some were killed. The Indians ralliedy and wounded many of (heikt before they could APPENDIX. 3n gain their vesesls. Some it appears^ even in thoir> days, stood a little for the rights of the natives, and ventured to question the virtue of this action. **fi(it,'^ says Mr. Ilubburd, "if this happened after the mur- der of old Mr. Wakely and family, the English can be blamed for nothing but their negligence/'^ But .whether it was or not, does not appear.j- The de- struction of this family was horrid. Six persons, namely, the old gentleman, his son, and daughter in law, who was far advanced in pregnancy, and thret grandchildren were killed, and mangled in a shock ing manner. Some of them, when found the next day, were partly consumed ia the flames of their dwelling, to which the Indians set fire when they drew off. At Saco they met with a severe repulse, in an en- deavour to take Major Phillips' garrison. | Captain Benython had got information by a friendly Indian, that something was intended against the place, so he retired into the garrison with Fhillipsr His house had not been deserted above an hour, when he saw it in flames. The savages soon crossed the river, and were seen skulking by the fences to get a shot at some about the garrison. Major Phillips went into a chamber to look out for the enemy, and was wound- ed. The Indians thought they had killed him, and openly began the attack; but their Captain beinn^ immediately shot down, they drew a little further ofJT. They now employed a stratagem to fire the garrison. They took the large wheels, (used for lumbering, at a mill near by, which they burned) and erected a battery upon the axletree, then they ran 4^ back by taking hold of the tongue or spear, very' near the garrboA; when one wheel stuck in the mud, and ific • Narrative, 269. t Sulliran, Hist. Maine, 199, s^ it was in Jaly 1675, anU that t^e name of the family was Wakefield, t Qn 8atiirda7>,19 September. * SIS APPENDIX. * otherrolling on, mve their helm an obliaue direcUon, and they weie •iT exposed to the fire of,the English! They being in readineu, fired firom ever^ part of the fortification at once, killing and wounding' about thirty. The rest gladly gave up the siege and fled. They next killed leven persons at Blue point, (Scarborough,) and burned twenty houses.* About the same time, aVe persons were killed by the same Indians, while goinff up Saco river. In the same month, they burned two nouses at Oyster river, belonging to two families by the name of Chesly, killed two men passing in the river, and carried two captive. One Robinson ami son were shot in the way between Exeter and Hamp- ton, about this time. Within a few days, also, the house of one Tozer, at Newichwannock, was assault- ed, wherein were fifteen women and children, all of whom except two, were saved by the intrepidity of a girl of eighteen. She first seeing the Indians, shui the door and stood against it, till the others escaped to the next honse, which was better secured. The Indians chopped the - door to pieces, then entering, knocked her down, and leaving her for dead, went in pursuit of the others; of whom, two children, who could not get over the fence, fell into their hands. The valiant heroine recovered of her wounds. The two next days, they showed themselves on both sides of the river, burned two houses and three bams, containing a great quantity of grain. And, at Oys- ter river, they burned five houses, and killed two men. The people were now determined to retaliate. Aboot twenty young men, chiefly of Dover, obtained leave of Major Waldron, then commander of the militia, to hunt the enemy. Having divided themselves into small parties, one of these came upon five Indians in the woods, near a deserted house. Two of them were preparins a fire to roast com, while the other three were gathering it. They were at a loss at first "^ •SaUitamttf up an noise plan c deadi thebl Pee andth berth horse, Newic others same i was ki This y teenth wanno upper/ tured I ted at out on three v risen, perilou to Maj( afibrd i twenty ed, and was kil more. tliat th< up from dead. about tl tain Fr stratagc hy givji march! APPENDIl 313 ection, Inglith. t of the t thirty, eynext rough,) e time, I, while burned 'amilies I in the ion and Hamp- Iso, the assault- I, all of ity of a ns, shui escaped . The iterin|;, went in n, who hands. The h sides barns, at Oys- ro men. About d leave militia, ires into Indians f them ) other at first how to make their onset, as the Indiani were the most numerous. But at length, concluded to creep up and knock the two on the head at the fire, without noise to alarm the others. The first part of their plan exactly succeeded, the two Indians beins laid dead with the buts of their guns ; but the otheislieard the blows and fled. People in general, now retired to garrison houses, and the country was filled with consternation. Octo- ber the seventh, Thursday, a man was shot off his horse, as he was riding between two garrisons at Newichwannock. Not far firom the same place two others were shot dead the same day. About the same time, an old gentleman, by the name of Beard, was killed, and his head cut off and set upon a pole. This was at Oyster river. On Saturday, the six- teenth, about a hundred Indifins appeared at Newich-* wannock, (Berwick now) a short distance from the upper garrison, where they killed one Tozer, and cap- tured his son. The guns alarmed Lieutenant Plais- ted at the next garrison, who, with seven men, went out on a discovery, but fell into an ambush ; two or three were killed, and the others escapeij to the gar- rison, where they were closely besieged. In this perilous situation, Lieutenant Plaisted wrote a letter to Major Waldron for help, but he was not able to afford any. The next day Plaisted ventured out with twenty men to bury the dead, but was asain ambush" ed, and his men deserted him. He disdaining to fly, was killed upon the spot, with his eldest son, and one more. His other son died cf his Wounds. It af^eaxs tliat the Indians now drew off, for Captain Frost went up from Sturgeon creek, the next day, and buried the dead. The enemy next appeared at Sturgeon creek, about tbe latter end of the month, and atta had there not beeii W just an occasion given for the breaking of the same, by the wicked practice of some lewd persons which opened the door, and made way for the bringing in all those sad calamities and mis* APPEKDIX. U$ chiefs, that have since fallen upon tfaoi^ partt'oflhi country." But this may be considered as the end of Plulip*a war in the east, although from other eaniet a war cdntinued till 1678. Many of Philip's Indians miied with thoee tt tha eastward after the fall of that chief^ in hopet of escapinff detection. For they had seen even those who delivered themselves up, executed, therefore, they were apprised of their fate. Some thai had killed Thomas Kimbal of Bradford, and carried off his family, soon after restored them vrith the hopes of pardon, but it being doubted whether this was a sufficient atonement for the whole, they (three of them) were thrown into Dover jail. The prisoners considering this only as a prelude to their fiiture punishment, broke jail, and fled toioin the Kenne- beck and Androscoggin Indians. Through their in- fluence another quarrel was begun. The next remarkable occurrence was the capture of the four hundred Indians at Quocheco.* For othei; particulars the reader is referred to Mather's Magnalia, and Belknap's Newhampshire. > VI.-— THE BOLD EXPLOIT OF HANNAH OUSTAN. This took place in the latter part of CastifU^$ Wcr, or as others term it '< King WUUam^a Warf^ but as it is evident that Castine was the chief mover of it, it may very properly be called Castint^s JVar^- On the fifth of March, 1698, the Indians inade n descent on Haverhill in Massachusetts, in which they took and killed thirtynine persons, and burned about a half a dozen houses. In the onset, the house of a^ Mr. Dustan was fallen upon, and his wife, who had lain in but a week before, and her nurse, Mary Nefi*, were taken. Mr. Dustan was absent when the In- * An account of the affair is given with the histoi^ of Ma )or Waldron in the third note to page HI. Sid AmNDIX. dims Arfl wppmnd about the town, and on hearing tho alarm, ran to the affiftance of hii family. Meet* iof Mven of hii ehildron near hii houie, ordered them to run, and make their eicape to Home garrison in the town, while he entered the house witn intent to help hif wife efcape. She left her bed at the warning, but the near approach of the Indians, would admit only of a flying retreat ^ this Mr. Dustan saw wai impossible, Irom the weak state of his wife. A moment of horrour and despair brooded over him ; in which he had to choose whether he would stay and suffer with her, or make his escape. He resolved on the latter, knowing that ho coula be no assistance to her, amidst an tLxmy of savages ; and, that he might be to hia children, in facilitating their escape. The Indians were now upon thorn, but he having a horse, fled before them, and overtook his children, about forty rods from the house ; some one of which, he in- tended to have taken on the horse with him, and so escape. But now he was at a loss, for which one to take,, he knew not; therefore, he resolvted to face about, and defend them to the last. Some of the enemy drew near and flred upon them, and Mr. Dus- tan lieing armed, also fired upon the Indians, at which they gave over the pursuit, and returned to share the spoils of the house. Mr. Dustan and his seven children (from two to seventeen years of age] got safe to a garrison, ono or two miles off, where we must leave him to bewail the many supposed deaths of his wife and infant child. The Indians, being about twenty in number, in the mean time, seized the nurse, who vras making her escape with the young child, and taking Mrs. Dus- tan, with what plunder could bo found from the house, set it on fire, and took up their march for Canada. The infant was immediately taken from the nurse, and a monster taking it by the feet, dashed out iti brains against a tree. Their whole number of cap- tives was now about twelve, which gradually diinin* name APPENDIX. SI7 iihed on the march. Some, growing weary and faint, were killed^ scalped, and otherwiae mangled, and left in the wildemesi. Notwithstanding the weakness of Mrs. Dustan, she travelled twelve miles the first day, and thus bore up under a joumev of near one hundred and fifty miles, in a few days. On their march the Indians ciivided, according to theis usual custom, and each family shifted for itself with their share of prisoners, for the convenience of hunt- ins. Mrs. Dustan, her nurse and an English youth, taken from Worcester eighteen months before, fell to the lot of an Indian family, consisting of twelve persons; two stout men, three women, and seven children. The captives were informed, that when they arrived at a certain Indian town, they were to run the sauntlet, through a ^reat number of Indians. But on &e thirtieth of April, having arrived at the mouth of Contoocook river, they encamped upon* a small island, and pitched their tents. As ail lay asleep but Mrs. Dustan, she conceived the bold de- sign of putting the Indians to death, and escaping. Accordingly, she silently engaged Miss NeiT, and the English youth, to act a part in the dreadfiil tra- gedy ; mfusing her heroism into them, each took a tomahawk, and with such deadly effect were the blows dealt, that all were slain save two ; one a wo- man, who fled desperately wounded, the other a boy, whom they intended to have kept. They then took off their ten scalps, and returned home in safety. The government voted them fifty pounds reward, and Colonel Nicholson, the Govemour of Maryland, made them a valuable present. The island on which this memorable affair happened, justly bears the name of Dustan's island.* ^ For the principal hcU in this narratiTe I am indebted to thelfagatlia. SIS APPENDIX. VII.— SCHSMECTADA DESTROYED. ^Ik the dead of winter, three expeditions were planned, and parties of French and Indians despatch- ed from Canada, on different routes, to the frontier! of the English colonies. One of these parties, on Febri^ry the eighth, 1690, fell on Schenectada,* a village on the Mohawk river. Such was the fatal se- curity of the people, that they had not so much, at shut tlieir gates. The enemy made the attack in the dead time of the night, when the inhabitants were in a profound sleep. Care was taken by a di /ision of the enemy into small parties, to attack every house at the same instant. Before the people were risen firom their beds, the enemy were in possession of their dwellings, and commenced the most inhuman barbarities. In an instant the whole village was wrapped in a general flame. Women were ripped up, and their infants dashed against the posts of their doors, or cast into the flames. Sixty persons perish- ed in; the massacre, and about thirty were ca^itivat- ed. The rest fled naked in a terrible storm and deep snow.' In the flight, twenty five of these unhappy fugitives lost their limbs, through the severity of the season. The enemy consisted of about two hundred French, and a number of Caghnuagaf Indians, under the command of D' Aillebout, De Mantel, and Le Moyne. Their first design was against Albany, but having been two and twenty days on their march, they were reduced to such straits, that they had thoughts of surrendering themselves prisoners of war. The In- * About 14 miles above Albany, on the west side of the Mohawk. The country around is a sandy barren, on which account it was called Schenectada. t This Caghnuaga is in Canada. There is another on the Mohawk river, 6 miles below Johnston, but the inhabi' tints h«re qpell it Caughnewaga. APPENDIX. 319 dianSy therefore, advised them co Scheuectada : and it seems that the accounts, which their scouts gave them of its fetal security, was the only circumstance which determined them to make an attempt, even upon this. The enemy pillaged the tovm, and went off with the plunder, and about forty of the best horses. The rest, with all the cattle they could find, were left slaughtered in the streets. The success of the enemy seems to have been principally owine to the dispute between Leisler^ and the people of Alba- ny, in consequence of which this post was neglect- ed. The Mohawks joining a party of young men from Albany, pursued the enemy, and falling on their rear, killed and captivated nearly thirty."f Vni.-— schuItler's expedition, and other events. The success of the French and Indians against the "rentier settlements of Newengland, had been great, andtheinactivity of the people to repel them,had just- ly been an object of blame with the Sixnations; for their country must at all times afford a pass to them. Steps, therefore, must now be taken* to retain the confidence of those people. Major Peter Schuyler, the Washington of his day, lived at Albany, where with incredible industry and perseverance, he made himself acquainted with all the plans and undertakings of the Sixnations, and as studiously maintained a friendship with them, which extended to all Americans. They had received re- peated injuries from the French for a long time, and something was now necessary to prove to them, that the English were not afraid to- meet them on their own ground. Accordingly, in^l 091 , Major Schuyler, "with about three hundred men, nearly half Mo- * Afterwards executed for aasumilkg the gOTemmsnt of Newyork. See Smith's Hist. N. Y. 131 to IW* t Trumbull's Hist. U. S. I, 315 to 317. 3d0 APPENDIX. hawks and Schakook* Indians, passed Lake Cham* plain, and made a bold attack on the French settle- ments north of the lake. Meanwhile, DeCallieres, the Governour of Montreal, spared no pains to sive him a proper reception. He crossed the river with twelve hundred men, and encamped at La Praire. Schuy- ler attacked and put to flight his out posts and In- dians, pursued them to the fort, and on that com- menced a brisk attack. He had &. sharp and brave action with the French regulars, and afterward forc- ing his way through a b^y of the enemy, who in- tercepted him, on his return, made good his retreat. In these several conflicts, the Major slew of the ene- my, thirteen officers, and in the whole three hundred men ; a greater number than he carried with him into the field."t Before this, in 1688, twelve hundred warriours of the Sixnations, made a descent on the island of Mon- treal, slew a thousand of the inhabitants, and carried off twentysix prisoners, whom they burnt alive. About three months after, they attacked the island again, and went off with nearly the same success. " These expeditions had the most dismal consequen- ces on the affairs of the French in Canada." They had a garrison at lake Ontapo, which they now aban- doned, and fled in canoes down the Cadarackui in the night ; and, in descending the falls, a great num- ber of men were lost. The warriou*s then took pos- session of the garrison, and twentyseven barrels of powder fell into their hands. Nothing but the ignor- ance of the Sixnations, in the European art of war, saved Canada from total ruin ; and, what will ever be lamented, the colonies, through the caprice of their Europesji lords, were unable to lend them any assist- ance. With a little help from the English, a period would have been put to the torrents of blood that • Tnuiiball, I, S31, but at 801, he spelb it as seen In Phil^ ip*s war, pafe 68 except that he usea bat ona f t Ibid. S31-S35. flowed Amhei InI inhabii other, easteri Btroyec taken, and wc dians t ed intc Deerfic May. in the not en M.Vav sumed The historis haps m diate ^ John V "De settlem Northfi drieul s and Inc Hertel fill of V their fa former of Lak< river,' n stream, travelle Mr.Wi APP£NDiy. a»t flowed until, the conquest by the immortal Wolf and Amherst, in 1760. IX. — ^DESTRUCTION OF DEEBTIELD. In 1703, the plan was laid to cut off the frontier inhabitants of Newengland, from one extremity to the other, but it was not fully executed. Though the eastern settlements from Casco to Wells were de- stroyed, and one hundred and thirty people killed and taken, the western frontiers remained unmolested; and were lulled into a fsttaF security. From the In- dians that traded at Albany, Colonel Schuyler receiv- ed intelligence of a design in Canada to fall upon Deerfield, of which the inhabitants were informed in. May. ** The design not being carried into execution in the course of the summer, the intelligence was not enough regarded. But the next winter, 1 704;. M. Vaudneul, [Vaudreuil] Governour of Canada, re sumed the project with much attention." The history of this affair from the accomplished historian of Vermont, Dr. Samuel Williams, is per- haps more particularly interesting, as he is an imme^ diate descendant of a principal suf!ercr, the Rev. John Williams, I give it in his own words. ** Deerfield, at that time, was the most northerly settlement on Connecticut river, a lew families at Northfield excepted. Against this place, M. Vau- drieul sent out a party of about three hundred French and Indians. They were put under the command of Hertel de Rouville, assisted by four of his brothers ; . all of which had been trained up to the business by their father, who had been a famous partizan in their former wars. The route they took, was by the way of Lake Champlain, till they came to the Frencn river,' now called Onion river. Advancing up that stream, they passed over to Connecticut riv6r, and travelled on the ice till they came near to Deerfield^ Mr. Williams, their minister, had been much appre^ 3?2 APPENDIX. llQiisive of daiiffer, and attempted to make the same impreosign on ike minds of his people, but not witi sufficient success ; but upon his application, the go. venmient of the province had sent a guard of twenty soldiers for their assistance. The fortifications were some slight works thrown round two or three garri- son houses, but were nearly covered in some places ^itii drifts of snow. To this place, Rouville with Ills party, approached on February the twentyninth. 'Hoveling round the place, he sent out his spies for intelligence. The watch kept the streets of the town till about two hours before day, and then, unfortu- nately, all of them went to sleep. Perceiving all to be quiet, the enemy embraced the opportunity and rushed on to the attack. The snow was so high, that the^ had no difficulty in jumping ov^ the walls ^f the K»rtification ; and immediately separated into small parties, to appear before every house at the same time. The place was completely surprised, ^and the enemy were entering the houses at the mo- ment the inhabitants had the first suspicion of their approach. The whole village was carried in a few -hours, and with very little resistance ; one of the gar- rison houses only, being able to hold out against the ''^hemy. . Having c; rried the place, slain fortyseven of the Inhabitants, captured the rest, and plundered the vil- lage, the enemy set it on fire ; and an hour after sun fise on the same day, retreated in great haste. A small party of the English pursued them, and a skirmish «nsued the same day, in which a few were lost on both sides. The enemy, however, complet^y. suc- tjeeded in their enterprize, and returned to?;^anada on the same route, carrying with them one.^Ddred and twelve of the inhabitants of Deerfield, as j^oners of war. They were twenty five days on their ^ march from Deerfield to Chambly ; and like their masters, the savages, depended on hunting for their support. On tiieir arrival in Canada, they found much hu- mimiy Vaudri< of the priests. Amo Rev. J room, 1^ the bre then lai was, an the met and kill hardly i marche river, IM ance w foot of I with or miseries Thee hundrec prisonei Willian Quebec married man Ca sent to in New wearing Mr.\^ near Re again to with wl peace, I country, which, 1 •Willi tHoUa he same not wiUi the go- f twenty )ns were iQ garri- e places ille with ityninth. ipies for ihe town unfortu- ig all to nity and BO high, he walls lied into I at the irprised, the mo- of their in a few the gar- linst the n of the I thevil- ifter sun A small skirmish lost on §^,suc- >*Panada [wndred goners f. march masters, support. ach hu- APPENDIX asd iMUiity itnd kindness from the Ff'ench, ahd from M. Vaudrieul their Governour ; but complained tnueh of the intolerance, bigotry, and duplicity of the priests."* ' ^ Among the captives was the minister of the town, ReV. John Williams. As the Indians enttred 1^ room, he took down his pistol, and presented it to the breast of liie foremost, but it missed fire. They then laid hold on him, and bound him naked n ho was, and thus kept him for the space of an hour. In the mean time two of the children were carrnd out and killed ; also a negro woman. His wife, who was hardly recovered from childbed, was with the rest marched for Canada. The second day, in wading a river, Mrs. Williams fainted and fell, but with assist- ance was kept along a little farther; when at the foot of a hill she began to falter, her savage master, with one blow of his tomahawk, put an end to her miseries. The distance they had to march was at least three Iiundred miles. At different times the most of the prisoners were redeemed and returned home. Bfr. Williams and fiftyseven others arrived at Boston firoqi Q,ucbeck, in 1706. One of his daughters, Eunice^ married an Indian, and became a convert to the BLo- man Catholick religion, which she never would con- sent to forsake. She frequently visited her jfiiendt in Newengland ; " but she uniformly persisted in wearing her blanket and counting her beads.*^ Mr. Williams, after his return, was invited to preach near Doston ; but refused every offer, and returned again to Deerfield and collected his scattered flocfi;^ with whom he Continued until 1728^ "dying & peace, beloved by his people, and lamented by hf# country," He published a history of his captivity which, when Dr. Willianis, his grand son, wrote ^|| •Waipmas' Hist. Vermont, 1,804-807. :^ ^* t HolmeB* American Annals, II, 68. ' A»END1X. iteofft of Yormoiit, had pasted tkrougli aerea adi* ttona*^ X«— -SATAOB0 OF THB EA8TSBN INDIANS. I« 1707, the frontiers suffered extremely. Oyster river, Exeter, BTingstown, and DoTer in Newhamp- shira; Bertrick, York, Wells, Winterharbour, Casco, and eren Marlborough in Massachusetts^ were con- siderably damaged. In 1710, Col. Walton with one handraa and seyenty men made an expedition to Nonridgewock, in the beginninff of winter. The ehief m that place was taken and killed,f and many more. The next year is rendered memorable by the luteal expedition against Canada; memorable only tor its bad success, and the monstrous debt it brought Upon theOolonies. In 1713, a peace was concluded witll France, in consequence of which the eastern Ilidians desired peace with the colonies, which was accordingly brought about.]: It was however of abort duration. & August 1717, it was renewed at iLifowsike,^ but was broken within two years after, * I **1Iiil.TenD0Bt ''t His'ttfiiue was Arrahawikwabemt, "an active bold fellow, tod^one of an andaunted spirit ; for, when he was asked leyeral queitiont, he made no tepij ; and when they threat- eaad him with death, he laoghed at it with contempt.*.* Pen- hallow, 70. t The delegates «Mt«t Portsmouth, N. H., 11 July, and a •treaty was tigned 13m IS. The articles are preserved entire in Penhallow^s History, 81-85. § Penhallow, page 90, relates a story concerning the abun- danee of Ducks at this place, which, though we do not donbt it, is 'Oertairfly equally astonishing to many fith «lorte«> About three days after the renewal of the treaty, " & number of Indians went a duck hunting, which was a season of the • year that the old ones generally shed their feathers in, and •the young ones are hot so well -fludied as to be able to flf ', thoy drove them like a flock if sheep before them into the vnpkB, where without either powder or shot, they killed at •oe time, four thousand and si^t hundred.** The EngUA bought for a penny a dosen. APPENDIX. and variottfl hostilitiei committed. The gofemmentt in 1721, ordered a pa^ y of men to Norridgewock, their chief town, but on their approach, the Indiana all fled into the woods. One Sebastian Ralle, or BLolle dwelt there,. as a missionary amon^ them, and was supposed to have stirred up the Indians to hoa- tilities, as Castine formerly had. Nothing was elGBCt- ed by the expedition, except the bringing away of some of Ralle's papers; by which it was discovered, that he was instigator in the war. This was thou^^hi by the Indians to be such an insult on the divma agency, that they now made war their business. In June, 1722, a large body struck a deadhr blow on Merrymeeting bay, a village on an arm of the Win- nipissaukee,* where thejr took nine families.f Short* ly after, at Passammaquaddy, they took a vessel with passengers, and burned Brunswick. War was now declared on the part of the English^ and in February, Col. Westbrook with one hund^ and thirty men, ranged the coast with small vessels as far as Mountde-sert. " On his return he sailed uf the Penobscot, and about thir ly two miles above the anchoring place, for the transports, discovered the Indian Castle. It was seventy feet long and fifty broad. Within were twenty three well finished wig* warns. Without was a handsome church, sixty feet long and thirty broad. There was also a commo- dious house for their priest. But these were all de- stroyed, and nothing more was accomplished by the expe'dition, than the barbarous business of burning thi^r Indian village. * There are many ways used in writing tbis word, Doug- lass, on the same pase has it two ways ; and few early authors write it alike, but an, or nearly all, seem to aim at tiie sound which I have endeavoured to give it. And, as the inhabitants, who^dwell around this lake, pronounce it so, I see no reason w^ we should not write it so : especially, as it was the most early way, and, no doubt, so called by tkeaativsstlnBSsWM t Most of these were afterward set at Wmlf. Bsfthal^ 'tow, 91. ■ '-'i^^' ^ APPENDIX* Ai^HlM^lit^ Captain MoultotiWiut up with 'a patty otlNiiinio Njrridgewock, but the vilff^e wias de- 0M6i. He was a brave and prudent man, and^ pro- bcibly, Ihiajc^ning that moderation and humanity might The sloops were commanded by John Eliot oi Bdston, and John Robinson of cape Anne. As Eliot wiBi ranging the coast he discovered seven vessels in Winepang harbour. He concealed his men, except %3im or five, and made directly for the harbour. .Oolittng nearly up to one of the vessels, on board of which was about sixty Indians, in high expectation of another prize, they hoisted their pendants and dried out * Strike English dogs and come aboard for you are all prisoners.' Eliot answered that he would make all the haste he could. As he made no attempts to escape, the enemy soon suspected mischief, cut their cable and attempted to gain the shore ; but im- mediately boarding them he prevented their escape. For about half an hour they made btave resistance, uiit Eliot's hand grenadoes made such a havock waap$i§ them, that at length, those who had not been killed, look to the water where they were a fair . i APPENDIX. a^ mark for the English musketeers. Five only reached the shore. Eliot received three bad wounds, had one man killed and several wounded. He recovered seven vessels, several hundred quintals of fish, and fifteen captives. Many of the captives had been sent away, and nine had been murdered in cold blood. Robinson retook two vessels and killed feveral of the enemy. The loss of such a number of men determined the enemy to seek revenge on the poor fishermen. Twenty of these yet remained in their hands, at the harbour of Malagash, [where the remainder of the vessels lay which they had taken from the English, and were inaccessible to Captain Eliot.] These were all destined to be sacrificed to the manes of the slaughtered Indians. At the very time, that the pow- awing and other ceremonies, attending such horri- ble purposes, were just commencing, Captain Blin, who sometime before had been a prisoner among them, arrived off the harbour ; and made the signal, or sent in a token, which it had been agjpeed between them, should be the sign of prot#6tion. Three In- dians came aboard, and an agreement was made for the ransom both of the ships and captives. These ■were delivered and the ransom paid. Captain Blin in his way to Boston, captivated a number of them, near cape Sable ; and Captain Southack a number more, which they brought on with them to Boston." In September they made a descent on the island of Arrowsike, where they burned the houses, killed the cattle, and then retired to their head quarters at Norridgewock. There was a garrison on the island of about forty men, but their number was so small compared with that of the enemy^ that no sally was made. The beginning of the next year, 1724, was alto- gether unfavourable to the English. People were killed at Cape Porpoise, Black Point, and Berwick ; also at Lamprey, and Oyster rivers, and Kingston, in Newhampshire. 8d8 APPENDIX. ' ^Captain J How yalisaiily he served his eoantry and his King ; • In Philip's War there was a ebief by this name. Mr, Kobbard called him ** Mag the rogue/* 4 " The number in all that were killed [of the enemy] was suf^nosed to be eighty.*' Peohallow, 108. i 5*It may,** says PenbtMoW, ib. "be as noble an exploit, id^tbings considered) as irsf bappend in the time of King TOilip.'* '» 6 The above artiele is taken twm Dr. Trnmbull's Hist. V^ S. Chapi IX. , II Captflu .lohn LovewsU llvsd ia Dunstable, Nei^amp- Heaa Aadh 3 »Tw They He OB Whiel r 8 Ourm UatU Then ««fbi 4 " The « In o "The "Tha 5 They Assoc thire, th< well, an to this c the age < man wh< mer and •SHuJ miles it present tThe Symnies tCall Lorewel capturec attack m § Thii knowled hisgaaiS it The antfpla^ ed. IT Ita Indian c AFPtNDIX. 331 H« ftnd hit Talitnt loldian, did raii|e the woods fcll ^Hdo, Aad hardthipfe they endnrod to qaeu tbo lodiaiit^ prido. 8 *Twu nigh vnto Piswteket,* on the eighth daj of Ma/rf They spied a rebel Indian soon after break of day ; * He OB a bank was walking, upon a neck of land. Which leads into a pond^ as we*re niade to understand. 8 Oar nen resolv*d to have him and traTell*dtw6 miles round, Until thif met the Indian, who boldly stood his ground ; Then spake ap Captain LoTewell, "Take yon good heed,** . sayshe. . . ** This rogue is to decoy us, I very plainly 8ee.§ •4 '* The Indians lie in ambush, in some place nigh at ^nd, (* In order to surround us upon this neck of land ; " Therefore we*ll march in order, and each man leare his pack,|| " That we may brukly fight them when ihey make their attack.** 5 They came unto this Indian, who did them tb' s defy. As soon as they came nigh him, two gpins b( did let nj^ shire, then Massachusetts. " He was a son of Zacheus Lore- well, an Ensign in the army of Oliver Cromwell, who came to tlus country and settled at Dunstable, where he died at the age of one hundred and twenty Tears, the oldest white man who ever died in the state of Newhampshire." Far- mer and Moore's Col. Ill, 64. * Situated on the upper part of the rtvcsr' Saco, then 50 miles firom any white settlement. lb. I** 37, It is in the present town of Fryeburg, Maine. t Thev set out from Dunstable about t&e 16 April, 1735. Symmes* narrative, in Farmer and Moore's Col. 1, 97. t Called Saco pond. Some call this Lovewell's pond, but Lovewell's pond is in Wakefield, where he some time before, captured a company of Indians, who were on their way to attack some of tne frontier towns. § This Indian was out a hunting, and probablv bad no knowledee of th^ EncUsh, having two ducks in hnnand, m0 his fanA.loaded with beaver shot. Symmes and Belknapb UThe Indians finding their packs, lenmed their number, ana placed themselves to surround theii^ when they return- ed. '< IT It-appears from Mr. Symmes, thai the EngMsh siMrthe Indian coming, and secreted themselves, firing il^j^plllrsl^ *%- 332 APPENDIX. Whieli wranded Oaptain LoveweN, tnd likewise one man Bat when this rogue was running, they laid him in his 6 Then haviMg icalp*d the Indian, they went haek to the spot, Where thev had laid their paeks down, but there they fimnd them not, ' For the Indians haring spy'd them, when they them downr- did lay. Did seixe them for their plunder, and earry them away. started )lp;,|t old Ufsns, and hideously did shout. ith that our Tatiant English, aU gare a loud huzza, I shew the rebel Indians they fear*d them not a Itraw: now the fight began, and as fiercely at could be, he Indians ran up to them, but soon were forc'd to flee.| ^ Then spake up Captain Lovewell, when first the fight be- /^T^|Br^ my valiant heroes! you see they fall like rain.** Tor ai we are inform'd, the Indians were so thick, A man could scarcely fire a gun and not some of them hit. « Then did the rebels try their best our soldiers to surround, But they could not accomplish it, because there was a pond, To which our men retreated and covered all the rear,§ The rognei were forc*d to flee them, altho' they sknlk*d . Ibrfear. He then, having two guns, discharged both, and wounded the Captain mortally. •Saarael Whiting. t Ensign Wyman shot him, and Mr. Frye, the chaplain, and another, scalped him. Symmes. ^« '^^ Both parties advanced with their guns presented, and wSsB^ they came within « a few yards,** they fired on both sidei. ^ The Indians fell in considerable numbers, but the MoMJa^i most, if not all of them, escaped the first shot.** lb. TSKiilirancing within twice the length of tbeir guns, slew nina^. J^Mt returned. One ran away in the beginning of the fight. . ' 934 AFJ^SKpqC. pf. X ny dangers and haroships in the war, *a at ^unstable, the thirteenth day •it^ ^BSftf /l"*?^ I^ewe^ anumg them tinrce 4ia die. Jgpr «WW *4,««W?w/ and^w!di|ip4ecl good ymmg Vryt* y^ FW mr JCngliah chaptam i he many lodiaia elew, An^eoane of them he «calp*d when |>iiUets nmnd him flew 17 T<>mflf i*^Uam$ too I'll mentioii, because he fought to wel), EndeaToimpg to safe a man, a sacrifice he fell ; Botyet ourraliaDt Englishmen in fight were ne'er dis- may^ / fiMide But stiH tney kept their motion, and Wyman*s§ Captain 18 Who shot the eld chief PaugU8,il wbich did the foe defeat, Then set bis men in order, and brought oflfthe retreat ; And hraTing man ' " ..... They safe arriv' May.T jb the beginniQff of the war, one hundred pounds irero offered by the government for every llndian fed|^ Captain Lovewell and his company in about He belonged to Chelmesford. Being mortally wounded^ desired to have two guns charged, and left with him, which hey did* He said, " As the Indians will come in the morn- ng to sealp me, I will kill one more of them if I can.*' lb. t He fell about the middle of the afternoon. He was the only son of €apt. James Fry e of Andover, graduated at Har- vard college in 173S, and was chaplain of the company. lb. :|; Only son of Major FuUam of Weston, was sergeant of the company, and fell in the beginning of the fight, lb. § Ensign Seth Wyman of Woburn. He was presented with a silver hilted sword for his gopc^ conduct, and commis- sioned"Captain. He died soon after. 11 Many of LoveWell's men knew Paugus personally. A huge bear's skin formed a part of his dress. From Mr. Symmes' ».ccount, it appears that John Chamberlain killed him. They had spoken together some time in the fight, kd afterward both happened to go to the pond to wash out )ir guns, which were rendered useless by so frequent . Here the challange was given by Paugus,. '* It* »you As soon as the guns were prepared they fyed, and Paugus ieH. -^ f Wyman and three others did not arrive until tijpfi }#thv bit the main body, consisting of twelve, arrived the llth. ■n. .>»^'A' APreNDIIGv tliree OMpfhs made twelve hundred pounds. This stimulated them to sttack the Yill^^e^if Pigwoel^t, where, if -successful, they considered their fortunes sure. It was a heary loss to the counjtry, hvLi t|iis nearly fished the war. The I^duuis uxmtod no considerable body in these parts imrwaiil. A lofig and happy peace followed. The aboTe sons is taken from the TaluaUe Hislori cal Collections of Fanner and Moore. I cannot refuse the beautiful lines of Mr. Thomas Ct^pham, << a N. Hampshire poet," a place In due work. They were occasioned by a visit to the plaee ofl^veweU'sFight.^ Ah! where are the soldiera that fonsht here of yore? The soa is up^on them, they'll 8trug|fle no more.^ The hatchet is fr^l^n^ the red man is low ; But near him K-71 <; ij the arm of his foe. The bugle is sileiii, ihe warhoop is dead j There's a murmur of waters and woods in thdr stead , And the raven and owl chant a symphony drear, / From the dark waving pines o'er the combatant's bier The licht of the sun has just sunk in the wave. And along time ago sat the sun oCthe brave. Tm Waters complain, as they roll o'erthe stones, And the rank grass encircles a few scatter'd bones. The names of the fallen the traveller leaves Cut out with his knife in the bark of the trees. But little avail his affectionate arts, For the names of the fallen are graved in our hearts. The voice of the hunter is loud on the breexe, There's a dashing of waters, a rustling of trees ; But the janpling of armour hath all pass'd away. No gushing of lifebtlood is here seen to day. Thf eye that was sparkling, no longer is bright, The ann of the mighty, death conquered its mighty .* Taken from Farmer and Moore's Col. I, S6. .^1 To APF£NDIX. -. that OBee fiir their eotutry beat hi|^ . boMNBi the lodf of the yallejr are nigh. geePf ioldien of merit, fleep,sallaiiti of yore, ^fhatehet if fiUlea, the striugele if o*er. While the fir tite is green ana tne wind rolls a ware, - . The tear drop shall brighten the turf of the braTc XII.— •ANECDOTES, NABBATITSS, dcC, OF THE JIT- . - DIANS. 1. Among tho first settlers of Brunswick, Maine was Daniel Malcolm, a man of undaunted couri|^, and an inveterate enemy of the Indians, who gave him the name of Sungurnumby, that is, a very strong man. ^ Early in the spring, he ventured alone into the forest ror the purpose of splitting rails fr^iii the jpruce, not apprehensive of Indians so early iA the •eason. While engaged in his work, and having opened a log with small wedges about half its length he was surprised by Indians; who crept up and se- cured his musket, standing by his side. " Sungur- numby,'' said the chief, "now me got you ; long me want you ; you long speak Indian, long time worry him ; me have got you now ^ look up streain to Ca- nada." — <^ Well," said Malcolm, with true sangfroid^ " you have me ; but just help me open this loe be- fore I go." They all (five in number) agreed. Mal- colm prepared a large wooden wedge, carefully drove it, topk out his small wedges, and told the In- dians to put in their fingers to the partially clefted wood, and helf> pull it open. They did ; he then sud- denly struck out his blunt wedse, and the elastick wood instantly closed tast on meir fingers^ and he secured them.^: 2. Origin of the name of abridge m Smi^my A*, jr., knovm by the name of " Indian Bbidce^" — In the fall of the year 1753, two Indians, fwsied Sa- * Farmer and Moore, HI, lOI. - "^. APPENDIX. 337 batis and Plausawa, came into Canterbury with furs. They here met two men from Newburv, whom they knew, but were not pleased at seeing them, and be^ gan to make off. Sabatis seemed disposed to do mischief, but was prevented b^ Plausawa. The two £nglishnien oflfered to buy their furs. They refused,, and said they would not sell furs to the Englidi, but would go to Canada; but afterward they offered to trade for rum. They had rum, but would not sell it to them, thinking that they were ill disposed. As tbi| were about to leave the Indians, one of them, iKlsawa, appeared friendly, and advised them to 4foid meeting with Indians. When they had gone a jittle distance from the Indians, Sabatis called them, and said, "No more you English come here; me heart bad; me kill you." One of the English eplied, **l^o kill — English and Indians now all brothers." As they left the Indians, they met one Peter Bowen going toward them. They told him of the temper the Indians had showed, and tried to dis- suade him. He replied, that he was not afraid of them ; that be was acquainted with Indians and knew how to deal with them. The Indians had got into their canoe, and were going up the river, when Bow- en called to them, and invited them to go to his house, and stay all night ; and that he would give them some rum. They went with him to his house, which was in Contoocook. The night was spent in a drunken frolick, in which Bowen did not fail to act his part ; being much accustomed to their modes of life. In the midst of the froliek, Bowen took t))# caution 4o unload their guns. The next mj jfer thii barb^ """*' • Ibid, in, f7. APPENDIX. 999 roiis treachery, compelled the compwij to embixk to save their own lives."* 5. « A Idler from Kino Philip- to Oopinumf Prince, copied from the original, wkkHk Ulong^to Mr. White, of Plymouth. The word* are fipett 04 iif^ the original Utter.*' ^ , Kino Philip desire to let you understand th«t ke could not come to thq court, for Tom, his interpreter has a pain in his back, that he could not travil so far^tnd Philip sister is very sick. Jmlip would intreat that favor, of you, and anejr dpl^e najestrates, if aney English or Enffians speaK aoout aney land, he preay you to give them no an- :^wer at all. This last sumer he made that promis with you, that he would not sell no land in 7 years time, for that he would have no English trouble hun before that time, he has not forgot that you promia him. He will come a sune as posible he can to speak with you, and so I rest, your verey loveing frien■■■;' ^V^ APPKNDllL $43 This treaty hai been since frequently renewed, and the dkain MgMMed^ us they express it, from time to time. It has never been violated on their part, or ours, till now. As their lands, by degrees, wero mostly purchased, and the settlement of the white people began to surround them, the Proprietor as- Bigned them lands on the manor of Conestogoe, which they migh| not part with ; there they have lived many yedH^ in friendship with their white neighbours, who loved them for their peaceable, in- ofibnsive behaviour. 'It has always been observed, that Indians, settled in the neighbourhoodof white people, do not increase, but diminish continually. This tribe accordingly went on diminishing, till there remained in their town, on the manor, but twenty persons, nameif, seven men, five women, and eight children, boys and girls. Of these, Shehaes was a very old man, having as- sisted at the second treaty, held with them by Mr. Penn, in^ 1701 ; and ever since continued a faithtitl friend to the English ; he is said to have been an ex- ceeding good man, considering his education, being naturally of a most kind, benevolent temper. This little society continued the custom they had begun, when more numerous, of addressing every new Governour, and every descendant of the first Proprietary, welcoming him to the province, assur- ing him of their fidelity, and praying a continuance of that favour and protection, which they had hither- to experienced. They had accordingly sent up an address of this kind to our present Governour (John Penn, Esquire) on his arrival; but the ffone was scarce delivered when the unfortunate catastrophe happened which we are about to relate. On Wednesday, the 14th of December, 1763, ififr tyseven men from some of our frontier townshtps, who had projected the destruction of this little com- monwealth came all well mounted) and ^ with S44 APPENDIX. firelcckf, hangtri and hatcheU, -having travelled through the country in the night to Coneitogoe ma- nor. There they lurrounded the imall village of In- dian hutf, and juit at break of day, brokein upon them all at once. Only three men, two women, and « young boy were found at home ; the rest being out among the neiff hbouring white people ; some to sell their baskets, brooms and JjMrlf, they manufac- tured, and others, on other db^dnfOils. These poor defenceless creatures were immediately fired upon, stabbed and hatcheted to death ! The good She- haes, among the rest, cut to pieces in his bed ! AH of them were $cdiped, and otherwise horribly mang- led. Then their huts were set on fire, and most of them burned down. iPhe Magjistrates of Lancaster sent out to collect the remaining Indians, brougll|;<^m into the town, for their better security against my further attempt ; and, it- is said, condoled with them on the misfortune, that had happened, took them by the hand, and ^ondaed thmn protection* They were put into the workhouse, a strong build- ing, as the place of greatest safety. These cruel men again assembled themselves; and hearing that the remaining fourteen Indians were in the workhouse at Lancaster, they suddenly appeared beforl^ that town, on the twenty seventh of December. Fifty of them armed as before ; drs- mounting, went airectly to the workhouse, and by violence broke open the door, and. entered with the .litmost fury in their countenances. When the poor MQ^etches saw they had no protection nigh, nor could possibly escape, And being without the least wea- pon of defence, they divided their little families, the children clinging to their parents ; they fell on their facc^, protested their innocence, declared . their ;toP^to the English, and that, in their whole lives, ^^y AliittAeverlddne them injury $ and in this pos- tUf Qfij h aj ^^all reoeived the hatcnetl Men, womea Kl ^A APPENDIX. 3f6 4-' fl u\ tnd children, were every one inhumanly murdered in cold blood ! The barbaroui men, who committed the attrocious fkot, in defiance of government, of all lawi, human and divine, and, to the eternal disgrace of their coun- try and colour, then mounted their hones, huzzaed in triumph, as if they had gained a victory, and rode, off unmolested t The bodies of the murdered were then brought out, and exposed in the street, till a hole could be made in the earth, to receive and cover them. But the wickednjss cannot be covered, and the griltwill lie on the whole land, till justice is done on me mW' derera. The blood of the innoeetU ¥fiU cry to heat^^ for vengeance. Notwithstanding the proclamatione and* endea- vours of the Govenikoiir on the occasion, the murder* ers having given out such threatenings^^ against thosfr that disapproved their proceedings, that the whol' country seems to be in terror, and no one durst speak what he knows ; even the letters firom thence are unsigned, in which any dislike is expressed ot the rioters.'" "Mr. Proud* adds to the above narrative, that, ** Se far had the infection spread, which caused .this ac- tion, and so much haa fear seized the minds of the people, or perhaps both, that neither the printer nor the writer of this publication, though suppuved to be as nearly connected as Franklin and Hall y the encroachments of the whites, of which he ^ave a faithfi4 Ijistory. Iri the Governour's answer, he advanced something v/liich Tecumseh thought, or perhaps knew to be wrong. At which he raised his tomahawk, and twenty or thirty others followed his example. But Harrison had taken the preoautiQB to have a sufficient force at hand, which prevented any acts of violence. This broke up the confeience, and war was soon expected to follow. i } I. 1 / APPENDIlt. 347 WAR 1 ' Battle of Tippecanoe, Toward the latter end of the year 1811, the appearance of the Indians was so alarming, that Gov. Harrison, with an army of about ^000 men, marched into the Indian country. On arriving within a mile of the Prophet's town, they were met by a number of chiefs, who sued for peace, and begged for their lives. Harrison demanded the plunder taken ih^ the Americans. It being near night, 6 November, they requested th6 army to encamp, and in the morning, they would accede to his proposals. The intrigue was mistnisted, and the Governour drew up his army in order of battle, and encamped for the night. About four o'clock their camp was attacked with great impetuosity, and the battle was for some time doubtful and bloody. But at length, the Indl^Un were overpowered, and the victory was complete* About 300 of their war- riours strewed the ground of battle. The behaviour of the Americans, many of whom had never seen an engagement before, cannot be too much applaud- ed. When the battle began, each took his post without noise, and with calmness. Their loss in valuable officers was severe : They were these ; kill- ed. Col. Abraham Owens, the Govemour's aid ; Col. Joseph H. Davies, a very eminent lawyer; Col. White, Capt. Warrick, Capt. Sp6ncer, Lieut. Mc- Mahon, Lieut. Berry, and Capt. Bean. Jin Expedition against the Western Indians, — For the purpose of driving the hostile Indians out of the limits of the U. States, an expedition was on foot early in October, consisting of 400^ men un- der Gen. Hopkins. After relieving fort Harrison, above mentioned, he crossed the Wabash and en- camped but few miles distant. Here discontents were discovered among the soldiers, which very soon brdke out into open disobedience of orders. This great arm^ was composed of raw militia, of which lit- tle could be expected; and, but for the assistance af- forded fort Harrison, the expedition would have been \ \ 348 APPENDIX. t-1 rendered entirely abortive. A certain Major rode up to the General, and with great authority of ex- pression, commanded him to return. Seeinff tlie state of his men, the General told them, that if 500 would accompany him, he would proceed in quest of the enemy ; but not a man would turn out. He then ^requested them to let him have the direction for a single day ; to which the^iaiiinted. He then put himself at their head, liivl' ^ordered- them to march; but they filed off in a contrary direction, and marched off to fort Harrison; and the General followed in the rear. At their encampment in a great prairie beyond the Wabash, the grass was dis- covered to be on fire^ and driven by a fierce wind directly toward their camp. This was an Indian trap. But the Americans set^lN^o the grass about them, and were thereby delive^|jP||om a formidable onset by the flames. The same officer, afterward performed a successful expedition against the In- dians. Affair of the river Raisin, Out of sympathy for the inhabitants of Frenchtown, whp were threatened •with an Indian massacre, an impVtident step was taken by the Americans. Gen. Winchester had ta- iten post «t the ritpids, when he received a pressing request from those inhabitants, for his protection. Accordingly, he despatched Col. Lewis with 300 men for their relief. On his arrival, he found the Indians already in possession of the place, but he at- tacked them in their works, and drove them from the place, and encamped on the same ground. Two days after, 20 Decembrr, Gen. Winchester arrived with the main army. Their force now consisted of 750 men. These operations went on without the knowledge of Gen. Harrison, the commander in chief, whose knowledge of the situation of the country, convinced him of their extreme danger. Frencn- town is situated only 20 miles from Maiden, a strong British post, of a superiour force to the Americansi ■^ "' -T ~-- II -<|r"ij '* ^j^ii|**iniWnHfci«i I I _Z i ■« irwiiii hin APPENDIX. 849 and the intervening waters were covered with solid ice. It was also 70 miles from any American place, from whence they could expect supplies. Their situation did net e >cape the notice of the Brit- ish. Col. Proctor, with 600 English and above 1000 Indians under the two Indian chie&, Splitlog and Roundhead, appeared before their camp at day break, on the ^ Jwuary, 1813, and immediately began the attack. The Americans' works not being large enough ^o contain their small force, 150 were posted without. The numbers of the enemy enabled him to dispose of his force, as to cut off all means of retreat. The attack was first made on those without the fort, who were soon forced to give way. They fled across the river, and were pursued by the ene- my, and cut to ^oes^ One hundred men, in two companies, left #0 Works, and went over to their as- sistance, and shared the same horrid fate. General Winchester and Col. Lewis, in some manoeuvre, were taken prisoners. The little army now in possession of the pickets, maintained the unequal fi^ht until 1 1 of the clock, when Gen. Winchester capitulated for them. It was particularly stipulated that the wound- ed should be protected from the savages. The army still consisted of upwards of 500 men, and not until a flag had passed three times would they con- sent to surrencier. But knowing their situation to be desperate, they consented under assurance ft'om the British officer, that their lives and proper- tics should be protected. We shall now see, with wliat faith the semi barbarian, Proctor, acted. No sooner had this brave band submitted, than they saw what was to follow. The tomahawk and scaJping knife were indiscriminately employed among the dead and wounded ; officer's side arms were wrest- ed from them, and many stript and robbed. About 60 wounded Americans strewed the battle ground, who, by the kindness of the inhabitants were remov- ed into houses. But horrid to tefl« Uie next day a i I 350 APPENlilX. > body of those savages were permitted to return, and -after scalping and murdering to their content, se« fire to the town, and all were buried beneath the confiagration, except a few that could travel, who virere marched into the wilderness. B^hux of fort Meig8, General Harrison had Ostablished his head quarters at Fn^lkIintown, previ- ous to the battle of the river-Qi|^ for the greater laeiHty of transmitting orders, 4be4 to the different posts. After that afiair took place, he concentrated his fbrces, consisting of 1200 men, at the Rapids, and there threw up a fort, which, in honour of the Govemour of Ohio, was called fort Meigs. The ene- my made their appearance about the 28 April, and soon after, began to construct batteries on the op- posite side of the river. But i^|yis business Ithey proceeded slowly, from the annm|||e of fort Meigs, and were obliged to perfonfi tnelr labours in the ^ night. They at length succeeded in erecting two batteries of heavy cannon, and a mortar. These be- gan furiouslv to play upon the American works, but were sev.^al times silenced. Proctor sent an inso- lent summons to Harrison, to surrender ; he returned all answer according as it merited. The siege was ^ntinued, and the Indians from the tops of the trees fired into the fort attd killed several men. General Harrison now receiv APPENDIX. When the mighty chief fell, the Indians all left the ground. At another point, a division attempted to make an impression upon the American infantry, but the venerable Gov. Shelby (one of the heroes of King's mountain) supported them with another regi- ment, and the enemy were immediately routed. The hottest of the fight was where Tecumseh and Johnson fell. Thirty Indians and six Americans lav within a few yards of the spot. Proctor fled with great precipitation, but his carriage was taken with all his papers, and even his sword. Eight pieces of artillery were taken, six of which were brass. Three of these were trophies of the revolution, which were surrendered by Hull. The Americans had not above 50 killed and wounded. Of the British 600 were ta- ken prisoners, andj^ killed and wounded, and up- wards of a hundiplnmdians were left on the field. Thus ended the Indian wars in the west. Their combination was now entirely broken up, and the frontier settlements, which for a long time had en- dured all the horrours of Indian barbarities, were, in some degree, liberated. FINIS. im- .1 n-j ; »,?* ADDITIONAL NOTES AND COERECTiONS. On pase xr, a note diould have foUowed the word Jftret- fiMM, ana mention made, that Hyrcania is now the method of writing the name of that ancient country ; and, that of coarse, the adjective would differ from that used in the text. On page 33, the citation "Magnalia, II, 486,>* in linr j and 7 from top of notes, should have folloiyed the preceding sentence. On page 5, line 5, from bottom of text, read Dellano for Delano. On page 114, note 1, in the iroti^'^alt^otset, the first t should DC doubled. On page 300, line 6, from bottom of- text, read Amerasco« gen for Ameresscogen. On page 381, line 4, from top of text, read John Brown for Jos. Brown. Though in the old copy it was printed as I give it, yet, the 'same person is meant,' I think, as on page 353, line 5, from top of text. ■■ ".^Kk: On page 389, strike out the wor^HHWVtotM to this time, from line 8, from bottom of text, '^mt The 'late appearance of Judg^' D^vn* edition of " Mor- ton's Memorial," prevented my profiting in time from his in- valuable information on Philip's war ; and, I can only refer the reader to his book, whete, though, as he says of another, < he may have announced^more than will be discerned," yet, it will not be less interesting to all. — Though my limits are very narrow, I cannot close this note, without reminding the , reader, that the manner of the death of Alexander, as relat- ed in my notes, is incorrect. It appears from the honourable author just menUonQ||i,that no compulsive means were used or necessary, to mali^him visit Plymouth, but that he went there cheerfully, an^JUi|lon firiendly terms to return home ^ but in 3 or 3 ds and he was taken si he was conveyed great swamp fi: wrongly stated from the south ter than 7. Mr, had opportunity Little lime rourSy-'Jnicr work orlllM greted, that ething called him that way again, Maj. Winslow's house, from whence ipd died soon after. — The cite of the iN'arraganset, the Judge thinks is liistory, with respect to its distance Id, that 17 miles would compare bet-, agrees with Church, and f have not y myself. bund to compare and examine for er- voidably appear too nuj||erons in a punctuation, in particular, it is re- 80 prevalent ^ \ [866] INDEX. In Um fellowinf Indtx, mnm explanation! may be wanting, u it diflVn lirom worka of tlua kind in general. All Indian names of places are ipven ; but plaeee having only an fnglioh name, are not given, unle« they Iwve been noted for^ aome depredation, or havinc their aituationa deaoribed. And aa every eiroumstance in a history may be found by an Index of pro* per names, it was thought needless to name them, as it only increases pro. Assawomset 27, 97. Asuhmequin 188, 184, 186, 142. Aubert carries off natives 287. AugurtLieut., killed 814. ^ Awashonks 21 to 27, 57, 76 to 82L 85 to 92, 111. B. Acushnet 98. Adams* Hist. Neweng. 80, Adams Preaident John Adams Samuel xii. i^^^ Addington Isaac 167, 21t, 261. Agamenticas 24. Agawom 89, 119, 144, 298. Agincourt batUe 265. Akkompoin, Aiilip*s uncle,killed 110. Albemarl Duke of 207. [288. Alden Cap. John 196, 197, 201,228, AMen John 297. Aide- William 226. Aldeuisan 47, kills Philip 126. Alexander dies 18, 184, 148. Allen's Bioff. Diet, xii, ziv, 24, 28, 81, 88, 133, 145, 160, % '6, 207 Allen Samuel 181. < Allen Thomas 181. Allerton John ^7. Allerton Mr. Isaac 297. Almy Cap. John 18, 40. Andover 220. Andros Cu{«. EUsha 194, 201, 204. Androscoggin 184, 186. Andros Sir Edmund 120, 160, 151, 152,154,104,173,260. Annawon xiv, 106, 124, 127, 129, 181, 132, 183, 134, 136, 137, ta ken 138, put to death 146. Annnawon's rock 136. Aponaganset 60, 61, 98, 100. Appleton Maj. Sunuel 65, 57. Aquetjieck 19. Arrowsike 163, 169, 827 Arruhawikwabeml 324. Baker Thomas 190. Baker Lieut., killed 275. Barlow's Columbi&d iv, 46, 128. Barns * 102. Barrow Sam 115, 119 Baxter 49 Be&n Cap., killed 347. Beard , killed 313. Beers Cap., killed 54. Belcher Cap.^ Andrew 62, 253. Belcher Mr., wounded 33. Bellomont Gov. 260. Belknap's Amer. Biog. xv, 24, 32, 134, 287, '8, '9, 298, '4, 299, 800. BelknapVllist. N. H. xiu, 21, 152, 161, 164;'I98, 187, 203, 260, 284, 289, 315/481. Bennet SeiwAM 67. Benythoa Cap^Sll. Berry Liei^kAged 347. Billington Jgg y7. BlJn Cap. mm ™ Bliss Mr. A. 18|^ Bead 226. Bomazeen Bourne Cap. Bowen Peter Bozman's iBracket Cap. , Bradford M(y. 330. ,^1,206,1 81,85,90. > 356 INDEX. i Bradfofd Mr. Wm. 290, 294, 296. 297, 800, 801, 802. BraditrMt Got. 162, 167. Braton Stephen 197. Bre#iter Mr. William 297. Bridgewater 26. BrMf way Jarman 228, 229, 280. Bntterife Richard 296, 297. Broelebank Cap., killed 70. Brookfield 68. Brown Cap. John 252, 281. Brown Mr. James 27, 29, 81. Brown Peter 297. Bulkley Oershom 62. < '^- BuU'e mrriaon 67. *: Bump John 144. Butler Cap. 861, 861. c. CdePs Hist, witchcraft 196, 220. Canonchet 78, taken 107, Julled 108. Canonicus, killed 104. Canton Corporal, taken 284. Carver Goy. John 188, 296, 297, 293, dies 801, 802. Carver *s Traveb 21. ^ #.V Castine Baron De St. 152, 164, 165, 176, 219, 226, 283, 261.- Caughnewaga, 818. Cawley Robert 226, 228. Chamherlain John 334. Champlain Cap. 220. Chelmsford 64. Chesly 312. Chignecto 228, 282. Chilton James 297. Chubb Cap. 219, kUled 220. Chubb Sergeant,|ttllfl|J^ Church Benjamin zii. ' Church Deac. Ben}, zii. Church Charles zii. Church Caleb zi, 197. [274, 281. Church Cap. Constant zi, 251, 257, Church Edward zii, 262, 281. Churph Joseph zi. Church T^mas zi. Clark Cap. Wm^W Clark Gov. 161 ' Clark Lieut. I vf^-] Clark Richard 91^ Clark's garrison if||,96. Clark's isl^nt^ 299. Clinton Hon. 0| Witt 68. Cocheipo 161, Jili^ Coddington <3bi^ ^j^' ^* QM Col. B. flUlft. ^ mSa Cf. ■jwiipti ^, 281. Colman Dr. Benjamin iv. Conestogoe massacre 842 to 846. Conscience, taken 149. Contoooook 817, 887. -r*7 '8 Converse Cap. James 189, 192, 194, Cook Cap. John 262, '7, 274, 281. Cook EIWm 160. Cook FiruMis 197. Cook John 101. Cousina iMae, kilted 814. John 296, 297. O^. 186. Gov. John 88, 89, 62. Geo. 861. ~, killed 91L Cudworth Mai. 80, 86, 86, 87. Curwin Jonathan 221. Cushnet 98. D. D*Aillebout 818. Danforth Gov. 166, 160, 166 60,61. iholas 187. p., killed 68. killed 847. ilvanus 160, 168. Di*^iers'820. Deborahiiel 226. DeerfieM 64, 248, 821. Demot, 187. DenniionCap. 66, 64, 7$, 107 Dermer Cap. .lliomas 801. D'Frontenao Count 224. 280. Dillano 101 to 106. D'Mant.l 818. D'Monts 220. Doney 184, 186, 190. Porey Edward 296, 297. Douglass' Hist. 42, 61, 62, 74, 98, 142, 146, 245, 266i 250, 271, 277, 284,286. Drake Sir Francis 287. Dubois 282, 284. Dudley Col , killed 861. [256, 285. Dudley Gov. Joseph 250, 261, 263, Dudley Thomas 152, 249. Dustan Mrs. Hannah 816 to 317. Dwight Dr. 146, 806. Dyer Cap. John 262, 281. D^Young 261. E. Earl Ralph 61, 62. Eaton Francis 297. Edee Sergeant 269. Edmunds Cap: 62, 176. El £1 El El El El £ F F F F F H F F F I F F F F F C ( ( < < INDEX. S67 to 846. 192, 194, r74, 281. , 02. ,87. 168. 107 BO. !, 74, 98, 271, 277, 250,285. 261, 263, m»\B Cap. 61, 62. |H«» Cap. NaUuuitel 16«, 156, 11% Eliot Rev. John 21. Hammond William, kiltod 88. [IfL Eliot Cap. John 826, 827. planeamagus 186. Eliot's Biog. Dictionary 28, 62, 146, Hanno zv. 160, 162, 179. 181, 207, 216. Eliot Robert 206. Endecott Cap. 806, 806. [21. English, probable numbers of in 1676, English Thomas 297. F. Farmer and More's ColIactioM xii. Harman Cap. 836, 828, 818, 880 Harradon Cfap. John 868, 2B1. Harrison Oen. 846, 847, 888. Harris* Hist. Dorchester 178. Hatch Cap. 206. Hatfield 66. Havens Jack 86, 90. Hawkins 186, 187, 188. 194. 108. 267. 296. 881.886. 886. 888. « ri. ,*.. V^i .V.i^i». »>m^ SSlfrll^ «»*,«», MO, «». HawOiorne John 161, 196, 821, 286» Haselton Chvles 22. Henchman, Cap. 47, 68, 68. HUl Cap. 284. Hilton .Mai. Winthrop, killed 887, 268, 270, 278, 274, §70, 881, 864. Hiokley Gov. Thomas 20, 166, 166, 160, 180, 182L Hohnes* Amer. Annals xii, 21, 84b 48, 64, 66, 69, 70, 96, 106, I8flb 160, 16% 168, 177, 207, 270, 276, 287,289, 290, 294, 296. Hon^ywel Lieut. 208,288. Hook Francis 206. Hopkins Oen. 847.- Hopkins Mr. Stephen 94, 297. Howland Isaac 89, 90, 91, 114. Howland Jabez 88, 89, 114, 118, 127 131, 143. Ilowtand John 89, 114, 297. Hoyt's Researches 66, 68, 864. Hubbard's Narrative xiv, 20, 21, 22, 27, 28, 30, 32, 84, 86, 86, 87, 80, 43, 47, 49, 62, 64, 66, 66, 67, [221. 63. 60, 73, 91, 106, 108^ 110, Gidnet Col. Bartholomew 196, Tagh 112, 114, 117, 118, 121, 126, Giles Lieut. 271. ^^ / 184, Fallriver xv, 48. Femald William Fivenations 68^ Fletcher Moses 296, 297. Fogland ferry 42. Forbes William 101, 209, 216. Forefathers' day 800. Forefathers* rock 80O. Frontenac Gov. 224, 230. Frost Cap. 813. Frost Major 208, 206 Frye Cap. James 834. Fryer Cap. Nathaniel Frye Rev. Mr. 330, wol Fuller Cap. 36 to 39. Fullam Sergeant, killed 334. Fuller Edward 297. Fuller Mr. Samuel 297. G. Gage Gen. 2S0. Gallop Cap. killed 58. Gallop Cap. John 304, 305. Gardiner Cap. killed 68. Gardiner Richai'd 296. George 21, 79: 884f Gill Mr. 32, 33. eroff General 54, 55. Golding Cap. 45, 46, 120, to 123. Gold island 43. Goodman John 297. Gorham Cap. John 221, 247, 252, 255, 262, 270, 273, 279, 281 Gorton Rev. Samuel 28, 104. Gosnold Bartholomew 287. GourdanMons. 260, 263, taken 266, 267, 268, 270, 283. Green island 257. Grenville Sir Richard 287. Grimstone 291. H. Nadley 108. Mabfkx fort 214. ISO, 142, 144,146, 148, 149, 166, 196, 201, 209, 228, 303, S09i 311, 314, 880.- Hubbard Rov. Wm. xiv. Huckings Mrs. 187, 188. Hudibras 24. Hunt Cap. 28S, 289, 301. Hunter Cap. *4B. Hutchinson Maj. 201. Hutchiniran Cap. 86,63. Hutchinson's History iii. xiii, xiv, 28, 28, 29, 80, 31, 82, 84, 36, 87, 48, 60, 68, 68, J4, 86, 108, 120, 138 134, 186, 146, 146, 154, 168, 177 178, 220, 281. 228, 280, 288, 241. 266,266,^^8, 261, 286, 286t 296,828. ;S- Hyreania xv,' INDEX. I. loffifwl Litat. tl4. ImOmuL nvmlm of in 1170, 10. Iriih Mra. IV. IroqiMiiSM. J. JaqoM Lieut. 820. Janria Cap. 971. JaflmriM IM. JoluiMiiOap liilleaSS. JoBM Cap. 295. K. Keekamult 84. Kannebaek 171. Keyea Soloaaon, woundad 888. Kiakapooa 846. XimbaU Thomaa, kiUad 818. , King Cap. 206. . fiiii. King, no audi dignity astoAg ladiam Kirk Sir David ffiO. L. Lafeuro 161, 2M, 264. Laka 41* Lake Cap., killed 168. Lamb Cap. Joahaa U2, 281. Lanoaatar 64, 208. Larking Cap. 286. Lateril Mr. 236. Lathrop Cap. Joaepk 200. Laihrop Cap., killed 64. Lathrop John 181. Lee Abraham, killed 168. Lee Mra. 168, 164m^,;_ . Lee Rev. 8aniuet4ln, W$, ' Leiater Edward 207. 1 Leverett Gov. JolM 82; die* Lightfbot Cap. 100, 104, *f . Ill, 167 Littleeyea 25, taken 88, 104. Littlefield Cap. John 280, 208. Lovewell Cap. Jfehn 880 1« 88 M. llagnua Queen 108, 106. Makin Thomaa xvi, 148» 846. Manhattana 808. HanaeU Sir Robert 220. Malagaah 827. Maqttaa224k HaqaoiUaO, 206. Martyn Richard 206. MaMMi Cap. John 806, 807, 806. Maaon 8anuel 160. [801, 840. MMiaaaoit aiii, 18,94, 110. 188, 184, Mather'a Magnalia xii,. siv, 20, 22, Itl' » 9>^t 106, 207, 210, 218, ,ii0;241,815, 220 Matti . 817, 888, 841. 8% 100. 179. • abip294. iw7 Mania 281. taken 274. Menival Gov. 276. Mar rymaating bjiy 820. Mataeomet xiii. Middleborough 51, 66, 98. Milai Rev. John 81, 82. Mioot'a Uiat. 214. 68, 142, 224. % ,--, Morton Thoma MardiC^ 201,186^ 288. 184. Monopoida 107. Montlnieua 161, 255. Montreal 224« BIO. Moraa andJPiiHah*a Hiat. Neweng* UndI84i 889,840. Mora**a Ahnala-Ol, 124, 126, ISfit. Morton'a Memorial xiii, 28, 27, 28, 80, 89, 188, 184. 154, 249, 261, 289, 205, 296, 296, 299, 801. . Thomaa 28, 24. :, Samuel 66, 57. pae 184, 288. Moulton Cap. 826, 328, 829, 380. Mounthope 22. Mullina Mr. William 297. Munponaet 94, 95. Myriek Cap. laaae 252, 264, 28L N. Namakeket299. [109. Nanunttenoo, taken 107, put to death Narraganaeta xiii, 17, 18, number of in 1675, 20, 86, 54. Naakaag 286, 252. M atbaniai 129, 180, 181. Nauiat 299. Naff Miif Mary 815, 816, 317 Namaikat96. ^ N«topa67, 91. If fwanglaiid gift 284. INDKX. 909 D8. B»184, K no, », 218, »,841. f tweng- isd. 27,28, h26h h 390. 281. [100. t death ibcrof N«wiehwuiiioek tlS. NichoUon Col. 186, 278, 817. NilMatick 807. Nhrigret 104, 108. Nipmucks 68, 66, 88. Nipoet 81. Nimiqaid 86. Norridfwoek 287, 818. Nortk&lrf 64. Norton Cap., killed |88, 804. NunnM|aahqiMt 88. NiinnuU Peter 27, 67. •^' Poppaaqui^h 127, Iw, Potock 63. Prentice Cap. Thome 81 , 8I» 18* Prinee Oo?. 18, 888. Prince*H ChroookMY fU, siU, Si,K 186, 280, 204. m$.^ o. **■•«, Oldham Mr. John, kilted 808, '804,*6. Omene SO, 186. Osamekin 840.' Otia Jamee xii. Owene Col., kiUed 847, P. Paine Lieut. Jvhn 288. PaManmaquoddy 236. Patuzet 63. Paugufl, killed 884. Pawcatuck river 807. Peaifield battle 87 to ,^ . Pejepicot 179, 184, 190, 88^ ''^' Pemmaquid 209, 810, 219. Penn Gov. J^hn 848. Penn Gov. William 842. Ponhallow*a Hist, vii, 184, 186, 208, 256, 257, 258, 269* 200, 281, 276, 277, 284, 824, 826, 880, 882, 888. Pennaoook 161, 188b Peperel Mr. 264. Pequott 17, war with 802. Perpodack 192. Peter 67, 77, 84, 88, 124. Philip King ziii, origin of hie 18, killed 128. Philips Gov. 826. Philhpi* garrieon 811. Phipi Sir Wm. 162, 164, 188, 175, 177, 207, 808, 212, 214« 216, 284, 278, 389. Pierce Cap. 64, killed IS. Pigwocket 161, 881. Pike Mai. Robert 182, 188> 184, 208. Pitkin Wm. 160. ' Plaisted Lieut. SOS. Plaiated Roger 19^ kiUed 81& Plumer Col. Dapiei 287. ^ Plumer Gov. Wm. 308. Plymouth 17, 66. Pocasaei 19, S7. . Pokanoket siu, 18, 22, 28« Pophjun Sir«JgkB 171. Pring Martin : Proud*! Hiat. xvi, 148, 848, 840. Providence 64. Pumhem, killed 86, 68, 104. Punkalees battle 87 to 46. Purchaae Mr. — — 800. Qil&bf68,llS. Quade^i^ah 110. Quancut 80. Quebeek 177, S84. Qunnapin 108, 104, 111. R. Ralegh Sir Walter 287, 298. Ralle Sebastian 825, 109, killed 819 RamadetJpaeph 194. Rehoboth 86, 64. Ridgdale John 296, 297. Roberteon*i Hist. Amer. xv. 801 Robin* Lieut., killed 884. Robinson Mr. , killed 81& Robinson John 8S6, 887. Robinson Rev. John 280. Roger* Cap. Geo. 266, 257, 281 ' Rogers Thos. 297. RouvUle 821, 828. Rowlandson Mrs. 108. Russel's garrison 61. s. Sabatis887,killfi888. bin 87. ueesetSS. 171,801. Samoset 801.' Sandford Mai. 102, 180,121. Sassactts, killed 806. Sassamen id, 21, tt. Savage Bnn^ 84. Savage |kl^). 86, 86. Scattaeook 68, 8S8. Schenactada 818. Schuyler Mi^. 819, 881. Scituate 65. Scontieut 104. Seotuway Cap. 178, 178^111. Shanelere, killed JB6. - miarkee Jif one. 880, T, % WL Sharp Lieut., kiUtllOi fenHrarwMt 68. ^' 860 INDEX iNMrbum OuK 906. ^ SMjr Cap., kiltod 06. Sicmeto 2m» Vk, ( Kppieui S9, 106, 146.^ SisMtioiM 68, tSO. 8k«kit 200. Bt^OfUM. 178, 106.' 8midi Cap. John 222, 288, 801. Snith Cap. ThM. 206, %281. Smith Mai. 66, 62. [224, 810. Smith'i HMt. NawTork xiii, 68, 180, Smithion Cap. 228. 8now*a Hiat. Boaton 146, 1?&. Sofkonateix, 10. Sortonesaat 74. Soaia Gaorfa 20T. [281, 827. 288, - - 266. urn: 8outhack Cap. Cypri South^orth Nat' % 170, ?82, 188. Bpaedwell, a ahip 204. ^{uakeag 64. "^ '^aando 800. Squannaeonk 124, 182, 186. Squanto 801. Standiah Cap. 184, 207. Stona Cap. 808, 804. Stoughton Got, Wm. 216. SulMrcaae Gov. 276. Sudbury 66, 60, 70. SulUvap's Hbt. Maina 160, 163, 164, »6, MJ, 171, '6. »9, 180, *7, *9, 180, *1, % 214, 222, *8, % 286,'7, 811. T. Taeonnet 214, 328. Talcot Maj. 106, 117, >8. Teeumaeh 846, 880,J|, kUIed 362. TiHey Edward Tilley John 206, Tinker Thomas 207. Tippecanoe battle 847. [death 146. Tis^aquin 06, 116, 142, *4, put to TockMuma 111. TotoK»n 116, '16, '18, '10. Treat Maj. Robert 64, 64. TrumbuU^i Hiit. U. S. xiii, 20, 20, 60,68,141,810,820,880. TrnoibuJl'B Hist. Con. m 87, 88, 60, '6, 62, 63, 78, 108, ^8^ 126, 200, Tttinet 330. [808,'7. Turner Cap. 68, '0, 806. Turner John 207. Tyasks 166, 1^. u. tTmpama 28. UiMai^ kitted 80». VBd^&UCap.806,807. V. Tauchan Maj. 208, 206. Yaudreuil Oor. 209, 286, S21.82iL VilleauCap.2aO. »•"»«* Villebon Vh, 281, »4, '6, 241. Xirf inia, ancient limits of 208, 204. Wachnset 60, 80. Wadsworth 43ap., fciUad 70. Waldron Mitf. ^61^ killed 161 Wallaston Caiv M. Walley Joltt^OO, 177, 207, 216. Walton Cao. 184, '6, 203, '6, '24. Wamesit 64. Wampanoags xiii, 48. . Wampom, value of 141, '2. Wamsutta 184. Warren Mr. Richard 207. Warwick 66, 63, 64. Weetamore 27, 82,47,'8, 60, '7, lOft Wepoiset 87. Weqi "- We We? . John 200, *S. •.Wm;207. 1>V3todk Daniel 17. WillardCap. Simon 166, 168. Willard Maj. 64. Williams Cap. 122. WilUams' Hist. Vermont 821, t. Williamson Cap. Caleb 262, 281. Williamson's Kit. N. Car. 68. Williams Rev. John 284, 821, '8. Williams Rev. Roger 28, 68. Williams Thomaa 207. Wincol John 206, 314. Winepang 326. Winnipissaukee 326. Winslow Gilbert 207. Winslow Hon. Josiah 26, 80, 02, 86, 66, 64, 03, 147. Winslow Josiah 328. Winslow Mr. Edward 26, 94, 18\ 184,147,207,302, 840. Winthrop Gov. John 62. Winthrop's Hbt. Neweng. 24, 01, 06,104,146,208,303,841. Wisememet, killed 880. Witchcraft 166, 106, 216, 238, 24V Woosamequin 188, 184. Worumbos 186, 187, '9 '94 Wyman Seth 882, '4« y. Twk Joseph 228, 228)> #• ' , ! nj ii'ii r' "",tt^iff'fii»f ' Pifft 1 1. 1 , ii| i | i f"'' ) m Vi •t- -V**!.>\ . -,«'■ "•I •■■Xi-r H' *•''. j"'* 'f. 4